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+The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765, by J. E. Heeres
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
+most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
+whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
+of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
+www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you
+will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
+using this eBook.
+
+Title: The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765
+
+Author: J. E. Heeres
+
+Release Date: January 3, 2006 [eBook #17450]
+[Most recently updated: October 15, 2021]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+Produced by: Colin Choat
+
+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DISCOVERY OF AUSTRALIA ***
+
+
+
+
+NOTE:
+* Refer to the note at the end of this ebook for an explanation, by Peter
+Reynders, of usage regarding 17th Century Dutch Surnames.
+
+* * * * *
+
+THE PART BORNE BY THE DUTCH IN THE DISCOVERY OF AUSTRALIA 1606-1765.
+
+BY
+
+J. E. HEERES, LL. D.
+PROFESSOR AT THE DUTCH COLONIAL INSTITUTE DELFT
+
+* * *
+
+PUBLISHED BY THE ROYAL DUTCH GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY
+IN COMMEMORATION OF THE XXVth ANNIVERSARY OF ITS FOUNDATION
+
+LONDON
+LUZAC & CO, 46 GREAT RUSSELL STREET W. C.
+1899
+
+* * *
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+List of books, discussed or referred to in the work
+
+List of Maps and Figures
+
+Introduction
+
+DOCUMENTS:
+I.      Dutch notions respecting the Southland in 1595
+II.     Notices of the south-coast of New Guinea in 1602
+III.    Voyage of the ship Duifken under command of Willem Jansz(oon) and
+        Jan Lodewijkszoon Rosingeyn to New Guinea.--Discovery of the
+        east-coast of the present Gulf of Carpentaria (1605-1606)
+IV.     Fresh expedition to New Guinea by the ship Duifken (1607)
+V.      Voyage of the ships Eendracht and Hoorn, commanded by Jacques Le
+        Maire and Willem Corneliszoon Schouten through the Pacific Ocean
+        and along the north-coast of New Guinea (1616)
+VI.     Project for the further discovery of the Southland--Nova
+        Guinea (1616)
+VII.    Voyage of de Eendracht under command of Dirk Hartogs(zoon).
+        Discovery of the West-coast of Australia in 1616: Dirk
+        Hartogs-island and -road, Land of the Eendracht or Eendrachtsland
+        (1616)
+VIII.   Voyage of the ship Zeewolf, from the Netherlands to India, under
+        the command of supercargo Pieter Dirkszoon and skipper Haevik
+        Claeszoon van Hillegom.--Further discovery of the West-coast of
+        Australia (1618)
+IX.     Voyage of the ship Mauritius from the Netherlands to India under
+        the command of supercargo Willem Jansz. or Janszoon and skipper
+        Lenaert Jacobsz(oon). Further discovery of the West-coast of
+        Australia.--Willems-rivier (1618)
+X.      Further discovery of the South-coast of New-Guinea by the ship
+        Het Wapen van Amsterdam? (1619?)
+XI.     Voyage of the ships Dordrecht and Amsterdam under commander
+        Frederik De Houtman, supercargo Jacob Dedel, and skipper Reyer
+        Janszoon van Buiksloot and Maarten Corneliszoon(?) from the
+        Netherlands to the East-Indies.--Further discovery of the
+        West-coast of Australia: Dedelsland and Houtman's Abrolhos (1619)
+XII.    Voyage of the ship Leeuwin from the Netherlands to Java.--Discovery
+        of the South-West coast of Australia.--Leeuwin's land (1622)
+XIII.   The Triall. (English discovery)--The ship Wapen van Hoorn touches
+        at the West-coast of Australia.--New projects for discovery made
+        by the supreme government at Batavia (1622)
+XIV.    Voyage of the ships Pera and Arnhem, under command of Jan
+        Carstenszoon or Carstensz., Dirk Meliszoon and Willem Joosten van
+        Colster or Van Coolsteerdt.--Further discovery of the South-West
+        coast of New Guinea. Discovery of the Gulf of Carpentaria (1623)
+XV.     Voyage of the ship Leiden, commanded by skipper Klaas Hermansz(oon)
+        from the Netherlands to Java.--Further discovery of the West-coast
+        of Australia (1623)
+XVI.    Discovery of the Tortelduif island (rock) (1624?)
+XVII.   Voyage of the ship Leijden, commanded by skipper Daniel Janssen
+        Cock, from the Netherlands to Java. Further discovery of the
+        West-coast of Australia (1626)
+XVIII.  Discovery of the South-West coast of Australia by the ship Het
+        Gulden Zeepaard, commanded by Pieter Nuijts, member of the Council
+        of India, and by skipper Francois Thijssen or Thijszoon (1627)
+XIX.    Voyage of the ships Galias, Utrecht and Texel, commanded by
+        Governor-General Jan Pieterszoon Coen.--Further discovery of the
+        West-coast of Australia (1627)
+XX.     Voyage of the ship Het Wapen van Hoorn, commanded by supercargo
+        J. Van Roosenbergh.--Further discovery of the West-coast of
+        Australia (1627)
+XXI.    Discovery of the North-West coast of Australia by the ship Vianen
+        (Viane, Viana), commanded by Gerrit Frederikszoon De Witt.--De
+        Witt's land (1628)
+XXII.   Discovery of Jacob Remessens-, Remens-, or Rommer-river, south of
+        Willems-river (before 1629)
+XXIII.  Shipwreck of the ship Batavia under commander Francois Pelsaert
+        on Houtmans Abrolhos. Further discovery of the West-coast of
+        Australia (1629)
+XXIV.   Further surveyings of the West-coast of Australia by the ship
+        Amsterdam under commander Wollebrand Geleynszoon De Jongh and
+        skipper Pieter Dircksz, on her voyage from the Netherlands to
+        the East Indies (1635)
+XXV.    New discoveries on the North-coast of Australia, by the ships
+        Klein-Amsterdam and Wesel, commanded by (Gerrit Thomaszoon Pool
+        and) Pieter Pieterszoon (1636)
+XXVI.   Discovery of Tasmania (Van Diemensland), New Zealand (Statenland),
+        islands of the Tonga- and Fiji-groups, etc. by the ships Heemskerk
+        and de Zeehaen, under the command of Abel Janszoon Tasman, Frans
+        Jacobszoon Visscher, Yde Tjerkszoon Holman or Holleman and
+        Gerrit Jansz(oon) (1642-1643)
+XXVII.  Further discovery of the Gulf of Carpentaria, the North and
+        North-West coasts of Australia by the Ships Limmen, Zeemeeuw
+        and de Bracq, under the command of Tasman, Visscher, Dirk
+        Corneliszoon Haen and Jasper Janszoon Koos (1644)
+XXVIII. Exploratory voyage to the West-coast of Australia round by the
+        south of Java, by the ship Leeuwerik, commanded by Jan Janszoon
+        Zeeuw (1648)
+XXIX.   Shipwreck of the Gulden or Vergulden Draak on the West-coast of
+        Australia, 1656.--Attempts to rescue the survivors, 1656-1658.
+        --Further surveyings of the West-coast by the ship de Wakende
+        Boei, commanded by Samuel Volckerts(zoon), and by the ship
+        Emeloord, commanded by Aucke Pieterszoon Jonck, (1658)
+XXX.    The ship Elburg, commanded by Jacob Pieterszoon Peereboom,
+        touches at the South-West coast of Australia and at cape Leeuwin,
+        on her voyage from the Netherlands to Batavia (1658)
+XXXI.   Further discovery of the North-West-coast of Australia by the
+        ship de Vliegende Zwaan, commanded by Jan Van der Wall, on her
+        voyage from Ternate to Batavia in February 1678
+XXXII.  Further discovery of the West-coast of Australia by the ship
+        Geelvink, under the skipper-commander of the expedition, Willem De
+        Vlamingh, the ship Nijptang, under Gerrit Collaert, and the ship
+        het Wezeltje, commanded by Cornelis De Vlamingh (1696-1697)
+XXXIII. Further discovery of the North-coast of Australia by the ships
+        Vossenbosch, commanded by Maarten Van Delft, de Waijer under
+        Andries Rooseboom, of Hamburg, and Nieuw-Holland or Nova-Hollandia,
+        commanded by Pieter Hendrikszoon, of Hamburg (1705)
+XXXIV.  Exploratory voyage by order of the West-India Company "to the
+        unknown part of the world, situated in the South Sea to westward
+        of America", by the ships Arend and the African Galley, commanded
+        by Mr. Jacob Roggeveen, Jan Koster, Cornelis Bouman and Roelof
+        Roosendaal (1721-1722)
+XXXV.   The ship Zeewijk, commanded by Jan Steijns, lost on the
+        Tortelduif rock (1727)
+XXXVI.  Exploratory voyage of the ships Rijder and Buis, commanded by
+        lieutenant Jan Etienne Gonzal and first mate Lavienne Lodewijk
+        Van Asschens, to the Gulf of Carpentaria (1756)
+INDICES. (Persons, Ships, Localities)
+
+* * * * *
+
+LIST OF MAPS AND FIGURES.
+
+* No. 1 Gedeelte der (Part of the) _Orbis terrae compendiosa describtio_
+* No. 2 Gedeelte der (Part of the) _Exacta & accurata delineatio cum
+  orarum maritimarum tum etjam locorum terrestrium, quae in regjonibus
+  China...una cum omnium vicinarum insularum descriptjone ut sunt
+  Sumatra, Java utraque_
+* No. 3 Zuidoostelijk gedeelte der Kaart (South-eastern part of the Map)
+  _Indiae Orientalis Nova descriptio_
+* No. 4 Caert van (Chart of) 't Land van d'Eendracht Ao 1627 door HESSEL
+  GERRITSZ
+* No. 5 Uitslaande Kaart van het Zuidland door HESSEL GERRITSZ (Folding
+  chart of the Southland).
+* No. 6 Kaart van het Zuidland van (Alap of the Southland by) JOANNES
+  KEPPLER en PHILIPPUS ECKEBRECHT, 1630
+* No. 7 Kaart van den opperstuurman AREND MARTENSZ. DE LEEUW, der
+  Zuidwestkust van Nieuw Guinea en der Oostkust van de Golf van Carpentaria
+  (Chart, made by the upper steersman Arend Martensz. De Leeuw, of the
+  Southwest coast of New-Guinea and the East-coast of the Gulf of
+  Carpentaria)
+* No. 8 Kaart van (Chart of) Eendrachtsland, 1658
+* No. 9 Kaart van (Chart of) Eendrachtsland, 1658
+* No. 10 Kaart van (Chart of) Eendrachtsland, 1658
+* No. 11 Kaart van de Noordzijde van 't Zuidland (Chart of the North side
+  of the Southland), 1678
+* No. 12 Opschrift op den schotel, door Willem De Vlamingh op het
+  Zuidland achtergelaten (Inscription on the dish, left by Willem De
+  Vlamingh at the Southland), 1697.
+* No. 13 Kaart van het Zuidland, bezeild door Willem De Vlamingh, in
+  1696-1697 door ISAAC DE GRAAFF (Chart of the South-land, made and
+  surveyed by Willem De Vlamingh in 1696-1697)
+* No. 14 Uitslaande kaart van den Maleischen Archipel, de Noord- en
+  West-kusten van Australië door ISAAC DE GRAAFF (Folding chart of the
+  Malay Archipelago, the North- and West-coast of Australia) 1690-1714
+* No. 15 Kaart van (Chart of) Hollandia Nova, nader ontdekt anno 1705
+  door (more exactly discovered by) de Vossenbosch, de Waijer en de Nova
+  Hollandia
+* No. 16-17 Kaarten betreffende de schipbreuk der Zeewijk (Charts,
+  concerning the shipwreck of the Zeewijk) 1727.
+* No. 18 Typus orbis terrarum uit GERARDI MERCATORIS Atlas...De
+  Novo...emendatus...studio JUDOCI HONDIJ, 1632.
+* No. 19 Wereldkaartje uit het Journaal van de Nassausche Vloot (Little
+  map of the world from the Journal of the Nassau fleet), 1626
+
+* * * * *
+
+LIST OF BOOKS DISCUSSED OR REFERRED TO IN THE WORK.
+
+* Aa (PIETER VAN DER), Nauwkeurige Versameling der gedenkwaardigste Zee-
+  en Landreysen na Oost- en West-Indiën, Mitsgaders andere Gewesten
+  (Leiden, 1707).
+* S. d. B. Historie der Sevarambes...Twede druk. t'Amsterdam, By Willem
+   de Coup (enz.). 1701. Het begin ende voortgangh der Vereenighde
+   Nederlantsche Geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische Compagnie (II). Gedruckt
+   in 1646.
+* BURNEY, Chronological history of the voyages and discoveries in the
+   South Sea, Deel III (London, Luke Hansard, 1813).
+* Bandragen tot de taal- land- en volkenkunde van Nederlandsch Indië,
+   nieuwe volgreeks, I (1856).
+* A F. CALVERT, The Discovery of Australia. (London, Liverpool, 1893).
+* G. COLLINGRIDGE, The discovery of Australia. (Sydney, Hayes, 1895).
+* Remarkable Maps of the XVth, XVIth & XVIIth centuries. II. III. The
+   geography of Australia. Edited by C. H. COOTE (Amsterdam, Frederik
+   Muller, 1895).
+* L. C. D. VAN DIJK. Mededeelingen uit het Oost-Indisch Archief. No. 1.
+   Twee togten naar de Golf van Carpentaria. (Amsterdam, Scheltema, 1859).
+* LOUIS DE FREYCINET, Voyage autour du monde, entrepris par ordre du
+   roi, executé sur les corvettes de S. M. l'Uranie et la Physicienne,
+   pendant les années 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820.--Historique. (Paris, Pillet
+   ainé, 1825).
+* J. F. GERHARD. Het leven van Mr. N. Cz. Witsen. I (Utrecht, Leeflang,
+  1881).
+* J. E. HEERES, Bouwstoffen voor de geschiedenis der Nederlanders in den
+    Maleischen Archipel, III. ('s Gravenhage, Nijhoff, 1895).
+* J. E. HEERES. Dagh-Register gehouden int Casteel Batavia Anno
+   1624-1629.
+    Uitgegeven onder toezicht van...('s Gravenhage, Nijhoff, 1896).
+* Abel Janszoon Tasman's journal of his discovery of Van Diemens land
+   and New Zealand in 1642...to which are added Life and Labours of Abel
+   Janszoon Tasman by J. E. HEFRES...(Amsterdam, Frederik Muller, 1898).
+* Iovrnael vande Nassausche Uloot...Onder 't beleyd vanden Admirael
+   JAQUES L'HEREMITE, ende Vice-Admirael Geen Huygen Schapenham, 1623-1626.
+   T'Amstelredam, By Hessel Gerritsz ende Jacob Pietersz Wachter. 't Jaer
+   1626.
+* J. K. J. DE JONGE De opkomst van het Nederlandsch gezag in Oost-Indië,
+   1. ('s-Gravenhage, Amsterdam, MDCCCLXIV); IV. (MDCCCLXIX.)
+* P. A. LEUPE. De reizen der Nederlanders naar het Zuidland of
+Nieuw-Holland, in de 17c en 18c eeuw. (Amsterdam, Hulst van Keulen, 1868).
+* LINSCHOTEN (JAN, HUYGEN VAN). Itinerario, Voyage ofte Schipvaert naer
+   Oost ofte Portugaels Indiën...'t Amstelredam by Cornelis Claesz. op 't
+   VVater, in 't Schriff-boeck, by de Oude Brugghe. Anno CICICXCVI.
+* R. H. MAJOR. Early voyages to Terra Australis, now called Australia
+  (London, Hackluyt Society, MDCCCLIX).
+* GERARDI MERCATORIS atlas sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica
+   mundi et fabricati figura. De novo multis in locis emendatus novisque
+   tabulis auctus Studio IUDOCI HONDIJ. Amsterodami. Sumptibus Johannis
+   Cloppenburgij. Anno 1632.
+* A. E. NORDENSKI÷LD. Facsimile-Atlas to the early history of
+   cartography. (Stockholm, MDCCCLXXXIX).
+* A. E. NORDENSKI÷LD. Periplus.--Translated from the Swedish original by
+   F. A. Bather. (Stockholm, MDCCCLXXXXVII).
+* PURCHAS his Pilgrimes Contayning a History of the World in Sea
+   voyages, and lande-Travells by Englishmen and others (HACKLUYTUS
+   POSTHUMUS).
+* A. RAINAUD. Le Continent Austral. (Paris, Colin, 1893).
+* Dagverhaal der ontdekkings-reis van Mr. JACOB ROGGEVEEN...in de jaren
+   1721 en 1722. Uitgegeven door het Zeeuwsch Genootschap der
+   Wetenschappen.--Te Middelburg, bij de gebroeders Abrahams. 1838.
+* TIELE (P. A.) Mémoire bibliographique sur les journaux des navigateurs
+   Néerlandais. (Amsterdam, Frederik Muller, 1867).
+* TIELE (P. A.), Nederlandsche bibliographic van land- en volkenkunde.
+   (Amsterdam, Frederik Muller, 1884).
+* N. CZ. WITSEN. Noord- en Oost Tartarije. (1692, enz.)
+* C. WYTFLIET. Descriptionis Ptolemaicae augmentum. (1597).
+
+* * * * *
+
+INTRODUCTION.
+
+{Page i}
+
+I.
+
+OCCASION AND OBJECT OF THE PRESENT WORK.
+
+In writing my biography of Tasman, forming part of Messrs. Frederik
+Muller and Co.'s edition of the Journal of Tasman's celebrated voyage of
+discovery of 1642-1643, I was time and again struck by the fact that the
+part borne by the Netherlanders in the discovery of the continent of
+Australia is very insufficiently known to the Dutch themselves, and
+altogether misunderstood or even ignored abroad. Not only those who with
+hypercritical eyes scrutinise, and with more or less scepticism as to its
+value, analyse whatever evidence on this point is submitted to them, but
+those others also who feel a profound and sympathetic interest in the
+historical study of the remarkable voyages which the Netherlanders
+undertook to the South-land, are almost invariably quite insufficiently
+informed concerning them. This fact is constantly brought home to the
+student who consults the more recent works published on the subject, and
+who fondly hopes to get light from such authors as CALVERT, COLLINGRIDGE,
+NORDENSKIOLD, RAINAUD and others. Such at least has time after time been
+my own case. Is it wonderful, therefore, that, while I was engaged in
+writing Tasman's life, the idea occurred to me of republishing the
+documents relating to this subject, preserved in the State Archives at
+the Hague--the repository of the archives of the famous General Dutch
+Chartered East-India Company extending over two centuries (1602-1800)--and
+in various other places? I was naturally led to lay before Messrs.
+Frederik Muller and Co. the question, whether they would eventually
+undertake such a publication, and I need hardly add that these
+gentlemen, to whom the historical study of Dutch discovery has repeatedly
+been so largely indebted, evinced great interest in the plan I submitted
+to them.[*]
+
+[* See my Life of Tasman, p. 103, note 10.]
+
+Meanwhile the Managing Board of the Royal Geographical Society of the
+Nether lands had resolved to publish a memorial volume on the occasion of
+the Society's twenty-fifth anniversary. Among the plans discussed by the
+Board was the idea of having the documents just referred to published at
+the expense of the Society. The name of jubilee publication could with
+complete justice be bestowed on a work having for its object once more to
+throw the most decided and fullest possible light on achievements of our
+forefathers in the 17th and 18th century, in a form that would appeal to
+foreigners no less than to native readers. An act of homage to our
+ancestors, therefore, a modest one certainly, but one inspired by the
+same feeling which in 1892 led Italy and the Iberian Peninsula to
+celebrate the memory of the discoverer of America, and in 1898 prompted
+the Portuguese to do homage to the navigator who first showed the world
+the sea-route to India.
+
+{Page ii}
+
+How imperfect and fragmentary even in our days is the information
+generally available concerning the part borne by the Netherlanders in the
+discovery of the fifth part of the world, may especially be seen from the
+works of foreigners. This, I think, must in the first place, though not,
+indeed, exclusively, be accounted for by the rarity of a working
+acquaintance with the Dutch tongue among foreign students. On this
+account the publication of the documents referred to would very
+imperfectly attain the object in view, unless accompanied by a careful
+translation of these pieces of evidence into one of the leading languages
+of Europe; and it stands to reason that in the case of the discovery of
+Australia the English language would naturally suggest itself as the most
+fitting medium of information[*]. So much to account for the bilingual
+character of the jubilee publication now offered to the reader.
+
+[* The English translation is the work of Mr. C. Stoffel, of Nijmegen.]
+
+Closely connected with this consideration is another circumstance which
+has influenced the mode of treatment followed in the preparation of this
+work. The defective acquaintance with the Dutch language of those who
+have made the history of the discovery of Australia the object of serious
+study, or even, in the case of some of them, their total ignorance of it,
+certainly appears to me one, nay even the most momentous of the causes of
+the incomplete knowledge of the subject we are discussing; but it cannot
+possibly be considered the only cause, if we remember that part of the
+documentary evidence proving the share of the Netherlanders in the
+discovery of Australia has already been given to the world through the
+medium of a leading European tongue.
+
+In 1859 R. H. MAJOR brought out his well-known book _Early Voyages to
+Terra Australis, now called Australia_, containing translations of some
+of the archival pieces and of other documents pertaining to the subject.
+And though, from P. A. LEUPE'S work, entitled _De Reizen der Nederlanders
+naar het Juidland of Nzeuw-Holland in de 17e en 18e eeuw_, published in
+1868, and from a book by L. C. D. Van Dijk, brought out in the same year
+in which MAJOR'S work appeared, and entitled _Twee togten naar de golf
+van Carpentaria_; though, I say, from these two books it became evident
+that MAJOR'S work was far from complete, still it cannot be denied that
+he had given a great deal, and what he had given, had in the English
+translation been made accessible also to those to whom Dutch was an
+unknown tongue. This circumstance could not but make itself felt in my
+treatment of the subject, since it was quite needless to print once more
+in their entirety various documents discussed by MAJOR. There was the
+less need for such republication in cases which would admit of the
+results of Dutch exploratory voyages being exhibited in the simplest and
+most effective way by the reproduction of charts made in the course of
+such voyages themselves: these charts sometimes speak more clearly to the
+reader than the circumstantial journals which usually, though not always,
+are of interest for our purpose only by specifying the route followed,
+the longitudes and latitudes taken, and the points touched at by the
+voyagers. These considerations have in some cases led me only to mention
+certain documents, without printing them in full, and the circumstance
+that my Tasman publication has been brought out in English, will
+sufficiently account for the absence from this work of the journal of
+Tasman's famous expedition of 1642/3.[*]
+
+[* I would have the present work considered as forming one whole with my
+Tasman publication and with the fascicule of _Remarkable Maps_, prepared
+by me, containing the Nolpe-Dozy chart of 1652-3 (Cf. my Life of Tasman,
+pp. 75 f). Together they furnish all the most important pieces of
+evidence discovered up to now, for the share which the Netherlanders have
+had in the discovery of Australia.]
+
+{Page iii}
+
+The documents, here either republished or printed for the first time, are
+all of them preserved in the State Archives at the Hague[*], unless
+otherwise indicated. They have been arranged under the heads of the
+consecutive expeditions, which in their turn figure in chronological
+order. This seemed to me the best way to enable readers to obtain a clear
+view of the results of the exploratory voyages made along the coasts of
+Australia by the Netherlanders of the seventeenth and eighteenth
+centuries.
+
+[* My best thanks are due to Jhr. Th. Van Riemsdijk, LL. D., Principal
+Keeper, and to Dr. T. H. Colenbrander, Assistant-Keeper, of the State
+Archives of the Hague.]
+
+For this and this only, was the object I had in view in selecting the
+materials for the present work: once more, as completely and convincingly
+as I could, to set forth the part borne by the Netherlanders in the
+discovery of the fifth part of the world. I have not been actuated by any
+desire to belittle the achievements of other nations in this field of
+human activity. The memorial volume here presented to the reader aims at
+nothing beyond once more laying before fellow-countrymen and foreigners
+the _documentary evidence_ of Dutch achievement in this field; perhaps I
+may add the wish that it may induce other nations to follow the example
+here given as regards hitherto unpublished documents of similar nature.
+Still, it would be idle to deny that it was with a feeling of national
+pride that in the course of this investigation I was once more
+strengthened in the conviction that even at this day no one can justly
+gainsay MAJOR'S assertion on p. LXXX of his book, that "the first
+authenticated discovery of any part of the great Southland" was made in
+1606 by a Dutch schip the Duifken. All that is asserted regarding a
+so-called previous discovery of Australia has no foundation beyond mere
+surmise and conjecture. Before the voyage of the ship Duifken all is an
+absolute blank.
+
+II.
+
+CHRONOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE DUTCH DISCOVERIES ON THE MAINLAND COAST OF
+AUSTRALIA.
+
+If one would distribute over chronological periods the voyages of
+discovery, both accidental and of set purpose, made by the Netherlanders
+on the mainland coast of Australia, it might be desirable so to adjust
+these periods, that each of them was closed by the appearance in this
+field of discovery and exploration, of ships belonging to other European
+nations.
+
+The first period, extending from 1595 to 1606, would in that case open
+with the years 1595-6, when JAN HUYGEN VAN LINSCHOTEN, in his highly
+remarkable book entitled _Itinerario_, imparted to his countrymen what he
+knew about the Far East; and it would conclude with the discovery of
+Torres Strait by the Spaniards in 1606, a few months after Willem Jansz.
+in the ship Duifken had discovered the east-coast of the Gulf of
+Carpentaria, the latter discovery forming the main interest of this
+period.
+
+The second period may be made to extend from 1606 to 1622, i.e. from the
+appearance of the Spaniards on the extreme north-coast of the fifth part
+of the world, to the year in which the English ship Trial was dashed to
+pieces on a rock to westward of the west-coast of Australia; the
+discovery of this west-coast by the Dutch in and after 1616, and of the
+south-western extremity of the continent in 1622, constituting the main
+facts of the period.
+
+{Page iv}
+
+We next come to the palmiest period of Dutch activity in the discovery of
+Australia (1622-1688), terminating with the first exploratory voyage of
+importance undertaken by the English, when in 1688 William Dampier
+touched at the north-west coast of Australia. This period embraces the
+very famous, at all events remarkable, voyages of Jan Carstensz (1623),
+of Pool and Pieterszoon (1636), of Tasman (1642-1644), of Van der Wall
+(1678), etc.
+
+The last period with which we wish to deal, lies between Dampier's
+arrival and Cook's first visit to these regions (1688-1769), and is of
+secondary importance so far as Dutch discoveries are concerned. We may
+just mention Willem de Vlamingh's voyage of 1696-1697, and Maerten van
+Delft's of 1705; Gonzal's expedition (1756) is not quite without
+significance, but the results obtained in these voyages will not bear
+comparison with those achieved by the expeditions of the preceding
+period. Besides this, the English navigator Dampier and afterwards
+Captain Cook now began to inscribe their names on the rolls of history,
+and those names quite legitimately outshine those of the Dutch navigators
+of _the eighteenth century_. The palmy days of Dutch discovery fell in
+_the seventeenth century_.
+
+In some such fashion the history of the Dutch wanderings and explorations
+on the coasts of Australia might be divided into chronological periods.
+The desire of being clear has, however, led me to adopt another mode of
+treatment in this Introduction: I shall one after another discuss the
+different coast-regions discovered and touched at by the Netherlanders.
+
+III.
+
+THE NETHERLANDERS IN THE GULF OF CARPENTARIA[*]
+
+[* As regards the period extending from 1595-1644, see also my Life of
+Tasman, Ch. XII, pp. 88ff.]
+
+We may safely say that the information concerning the Far East at the
+disposal of those Dutchmen who set sail for India in 1595, was
+exclusively based on what their countryman JAN HUYGEN VAN LINSCHOTEN, had
+told them in his famous _Itinerario_. And as regards the present
+Australia this information amounted to little or nothing.
+
+Unacquainted as he was with the fact that the south-coast of Java had
+already been circumnavigated by European navigators, VAN LINSCHOTEN did
+not venture decidedly to assert the insular nature of this island. It
+might be connected with the mysterious South-land, the Terra Australis,
+the Terra Incognita, whose fantastically shaped coast-line was reported
+to extend south of America, Africa and Asia, in fact to the southward of
+the whole then known world. This South-land was a mysterious region, no
+doubt, but this did not prevent its coast-lines from being studded with
+names equally mysterious: the charts of it showed the names of Beach [*],
+the gold-bearing land (provincia aurifera), of Lucach, of Maletur, a
+region overflowing with spices (scatens aromatibus). Forming one whole
+with it, figured Nova Guinea, encircled by a belt of islands.
+
+[* That the Dutch identified Beach with the South-land discovered by them
+in 1616, is proved by No. XI A of the Documents (p. 14).]
+
+{Page v}
+
+So far the information furnished by VAN LINSCHOTEN [*]. At the same time,
+however, there were in the Netherlands persons who had other data to go
+by. In 1597 CORNELIS WIJTFLIET of Louvain brought out his _Descriptionis
+Plolomaicae augmentum_, which among the rest contained a chart on which
+not only Java figured as an island, but which also represented New Guinea
+as an island by itself, separated from Terra Australis. The question
+naturally suggests itself, whether this chart [**] will justify the
+assumption that the existence of _Torres Strait_ was known to WIJTFLIET.
+I, for one, would not venture to infer as much, seeing that in other
+respects this chart so closely reproduces the vague conjectures touching
+a supposed Southland found on other charts of the period, that
+WIJTFLIET'S open passage between New Guinea and Terra Australis cannot, I
+think, be admitted as evidence that he actually knew of the existence of
+Torres Strait, in the absence of any indications of the basis on which
+this notion of his reposed. Such indications, however, are altogether
+wanting: none are found in WIJTFLIET'S work itself, and other
+contemporary authorities are equally silent on the point in question
+[***].
+
+[* See No. I of the Documents, with charts Nos. 1 and 2.]
+
+[** COLLINGRIDGE, Discovery, p. 219, has a rough sketch of it.]
+
+[*** Cf. also my Life of Tasman, p. 89, and Note 8.]
+
+After this digression let us return to the stand-point taken up by the
+North-Netherlanders who first set sail for the Indies in 1595. They "knew
+in part" only: they were aware that they knew nothing with certitude. But
+their mercantile interests very soon induced them to try to increase and
+strengthen their information concerning the regions of the East. What
+sort of country after all was this much-discussed New-Guinea, they began
+to ask. As early as 1602 information was sought from the natives of
+adjacent islands, but these proved to have "no certain knowledge of this
+island of Nova Guinea" [*]. The next step taken was the sending out of a
+ship for the purpose of obtaining this "certain knowledge": there were
+rumours afloat of gold being found in New Guinea!
+
+[* See No. II of the Documents.]
+
+On the 28th of November 1605 the ship Duifken, commanded by Willem
+Jansz., put to sea from Bantam with destination for New Guinea. The ship
+returned to Banda from its voyage before June of the same year. What were
+the results obtained? What things had been seen by Willem Jansz. and his
+men? The journal of the Duifken's voyage has not come down to us, so that
+we are fain to infer its results from other data, and fortunately such
+data are not wanting. An English ship's captain was staying at Bantam
+when the Duifken put to sea, and was still there when the first reports
+of her adventures reached the said town. Authentic documents of 1618,
+1623, and 1644 are found to refer to her voyage. Above all, the journal
+of a subsequent expedition, the one commanded by Carstensz. in 1623,
+contains important particulars respecting the voyage of his predecessors
+in 1605-6. [*]
+
+[* See pp. 28, 42, 43, 45 _infra_. I trust that these data will go far to
+remove COLLINGRIDGE'S doubt (Discovery p. 245) as to whether the ship
+Duifken sailed farther southward than 8° 15'.]
+
+On the basis of these data we may safely take for granted the following
+points. The ship Duifken struck the south-west coast of New Guinea in
+about 5° S. Lat., ran along this coast on a south-east course [*], and
+sailed past the narrows now known as Torres Strait. Did Willem Jansz.
+look upon these narrows as an open strait, or did he take them to be a
+bay only? My answer is, that most probably he was content to leave this
+point altogether undecided; seeing that Carstensz. and his men in 1623
+thought to find an "open passage" on the strength of information given by
+a chart with which they had been furnished. [**] This "open passage" can
+hardly refer to anything else than Torres Strait. But in that case it is
+clear that Jansz. cannot have solved the problem, but must have left it a
+moot point. At all events he sailed past the strait, through which a few
+months after him Luiz Vaez de Torres sailed from east to west.
+
+
+[* As regards the names given on this expedition to various parts of this
+coast, see my Life of Tasman, pp. 90-91, and chart No. 3 on p. 5
+_infra_.]
+
+[** See pp. 47, 66 _infra_.]
+
+{Page vi}
+
+Jansz. next surveyed the east-coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria as far as
+about 13° 45'. To this point, the farthest reached by him, he gave the
+name of Kaap-Keerweer [Cape Turn-again]. That skipper Jansz. did not
+solve the problem of the existence or non-existence of an open passage
+between New Guinea and the land afterwards visited by him, is also proved
+by the circumstance that even after his time the east-coast of the Gulf
+of Carpentaria was also called New Guinea by the Netherlanders. Indeed,
+throughout the 17th and 18th centuries the Dutch discoverers continued in
+error regarding this point. They felt occasional doubts on this head [*]
+it is true, but these doubts were not removed.
+
+[* See _inter alia_ a report of a well-known functionary of the E.I.C.,
+G. E. RUMPHUS, dated after 1685 in LEUPE Nieuw-Guinea, p. 86: "The Drooge
+bocht [shallow bay], where Nova-Guinea is surmised to be cut off from the
+rest of the Southland by a passage opening into the great South-Sea,
+though our men have been unable to pass through it owing to the shallows,
+so that it remains uncertain whether this strait is open on the other
+side."]
+
+The Managers of the E.I.C. did not remain content with this first attempt
+to obtain more light [*] as regards these regions situated to eastward,
+the Southland-Nova Guinea as they styled it, using an appellation
+characteristic of their degree of knowledge concerning it. But it was not
+before 1623 that another voyage was undertaken that added to the
+knowledge about the Gulf of Carpentaria: I mean the voyage of the ships
+Pera and Arnhem, commanded by Jan Carstensz. and Willem Joosten van
+Colstjor or Van Coolsteerdt. [**]
+
+[* See pp. 6, 7-8, 13 and note 2 _infra_.]
+
+[** See the Documents under No. XIV (pp. 21 ff.), and especially chart
+No. 7 on p. 46.]
+
+On this occasion, too, the south-west coast of New Guinea was first
+touched at, after which the ships ran on on an eastern course. Torres
+Strait was again left alongside, and mistaken for a Drooge bocht,[*]
+"into which they had sailed as into a trap," and the error of New Guinea
+and the present Australia constituting one unbroken whole, was in this
+way perpetuated. The line of the east-coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria,
+"the land of Nova Guinea", was then followed up to about 17° 8' (Staten
+river), whence the return-voyage was undertaken [**]. Along this coast
+various names were conferred. [***]
+
+[* As regards the attempts to survey and explore this shallow water, see
+_infra_ pp. 33-34]
+
+[** See p. 37 below.]
+
+[*** As regards this, see especially the chart on p. 46.--Cf. my Life of
+Tasman, pp. 99-100.]
+
+In the course of the same expedition discovery was also made of
+Arnhemsland on the west-coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria, and almost
+certainly also of the so-called Groote Eyland or Van der Lijns island
+(Van Speultsland) [*] The whole of the southern part of the gulf
+remained, however, unvisited.
+
+[* See my Life of Tasman, pp. 101-102; and pp. 47-48 below.]
+
+{Page vii}
+
+The honour of having first explored this part of the gulf in his second
+famous voyage of 1644 is due to our countryman Abel Janszoon Tasman
+together with Frans Jacobszoon Visscher and his other courageous
+coadjutors in the ships Limmen Zeemeeuw and Brak. [*] Abel Tasman's
+passagie [course] of 1644 lay again along the south-west coast of New
+Guinea; again also Tasman left unsolved the problem of the passage
+through between New Guinea and Australia: Torres Strait was again
+mistaken for a bay. The east-coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria was next
+further explored, and various new names were conferred especially on
+rivers on this coast, which most probably got the name of Carpentaria
+about this time; of the names then given a great many continue to figure
+in modern maps. After exploring the east-coast, Tasman turned to the
+south-coast of the gulf. In this latter case the results of the
+exploration proved to be less trustworthy afterwards. Thus Tasman mistook
+for a portion of the mainland the island now known as Mornington Island;
+the same mistake he made as regards Maria Eiland in Limmensbocht. For the
+rest however, the coast-line also of the south-coast was delineated with
+what we must call great accuracy if we keep in mind the defective
+instruments with which the navigators of the middle of the seventeenth
+century had to make shift. The west-coast of the gulf, too, was skirted
+and surveyed in this voyage; Tasman passed between this coast and the
+Groote (Van der Lijn's) eiland.
+
+[* See my Life of Tasman, pp. 115-118, and especially chart No. I of the
+Tasman Folio. Much information may also be gathered from chart No. 14 of
+the present work, since it registers almost the whole amount of Dutch
+knowledge about Australia circa 1700.]
+
+The entire coastline enclosing the Gulf of Carpentaria had accordingly
+now been skirted and mapped out. The value of Tasman's discoveries in
+this part of Australia directly appears, if we lay side by side, for
+instance, the chart of the upper-steersman De Leeuw [*], who formed part
+of the voyage of 1623, or Keppler's map of 1630 [**]; and Tasman's chart
+of 1644 [***], or Isaac De Graaff's made about 1700 [****], which last
+gives a pretty satisfactory survey of the results of Tasman's voyage of
+1644 so far as the Gulf of Carpentaria is concerned. Although Tasman's
+expedition of 1644 did not yield complete information respecting the
+coast-line of the Gulf, and although it is easy to point out
+inaccuracies, the additions made by this voyage to our knowledge on this
+point are so considerable that we may say with complete justice that
+while the discovery of the east-coast of the Gulf is due to Jansz. (1606)
+and Carstensz. (1623), it was Tasman who made known the south-coast and
+the greater part of the west-coast.
+
+[* No. 7 on p. 46.]
+
+[** No. 6 on p. 10.]
+
+[*** Chart No. I in the Tasman Folio.]
+
+[**** No. 14 below.]
+
+More than a century was to elapse before Dutch explorers again were to
+visit the Gulf of Carpentaria. In 1756 the east- and west-coast of it
+were visited first by Jean Etienne Gonzal and next by Lavienne Lodewijk
+van Assehens [*]. The expedition is of little interest as regards the
+surveying of the coast-line, but these explorers got into more frequent
+contact with the natives than any of their predecessors--what especially
+Gonzal reports on this subject, is certainly worth noting. Gonzal also
+first touched at the south-west coast of New Guinea, and next, again
+without becoming aware of the real character of Torres Strait, sailed to
+the east-coast of the Gulf, skirting the same up to about 13° S. Lat.,
+after which he crossed to the west-coast. What he did there is of little
+interest. Van Asschen's experiences are of even less importance for our
+present purpose. One remark of his, however, is worth noting: he states
+namely that he found the east-coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria [**] to be
+"fully 12 miles more to eastward" than the charts at his disposal had led
+him to believe; and it would really seem to be a fact that Tasman had
+placed this coast too far to westward.
+
+[* See No. XXXVI _infra_.]
+
+[** The names there conferred by him on various parts of the coast, may
+be sufficiently gathered from Document No. XXXVI.]
+
+{Page viii}
+
+IV.
+
+THE NETHERLANDERS ON THE NORTH-WEST COAST OF AUSTRALIA.
+
+In a previous work [*] I have attempted to show that the discovery of
+Arnhemsland must beyond any doubt be credited to the voyage of the yacht
+Arnhem, commanded by Van Colster or Van Coolsteerdt, which took place in
+1623. Since the Journal and the charts of this voyage are no longer
+available, we are without the most important data for determining with
+certainty between what degrees of longitude the Arnhemsland then
+discovered was situated. To westward of it must be sought Van Diemens-
+and Maria's-land, touched at in 1636 by Pieter Pieterszoon with the ships
+Cleen Amsterdam and Wesell) [**]. There can be no doubt that Pieterszoon
+must have sailed far enough to westward to have passed Dundas Strait, and
+to have reached the western extremity of Melville Island (Roode hoek =
+red point). He took Dundas Strait to be not a strait, but a bay, and
+accordingly looked upon Melville Island not as an island, but as a
+portion of the mainland (Van Diemensland) [***].
+
+[* See my Life of Tasman, pp. 100-102, and the Documents under No. XIV, 2
+_infra_.]
+
+[** See the Documents under No. XXV.]
+
+[*** Maria-land lies immediately to eastward of Van Diemens-land, and to
+westward of Arnhems-land.]
+
+In the course of these two voyages of 1623 and 1636, therefore, the whole
+of the north-west coast from Melville Bay to Melville Island was surveyed
+by Dutch ships. But in the absence of charts made on these voyages it is
+impossible for us to say with certainty, whether the coastline can have
+been traced with correctness. On this point also more light is thrown by
+the well-known chart of 1644, in which the results of Tasman's voyages
+are recorded. Tasman sailed along the whole of the coast, but in this
+case too, his observations were not on all points accurate. Thus the
+situation of Wessel-eiland and the islets south of it, with respect to
+the mainland, is not given correctly by him; nor has he apprehended the
+real character of Dundas Strait and of Van Diemen's Gulf, so that also
+according to him Melville island forms part of the mainland. But for the
+rest Tasman's chart also in this case approximately reproduces the
+coast-line with so much correctness, that we find it quite easy [*] to
+point out on the maps of our time the results of the Dutch voyages of
+discovery in this part of the Australian coast.
+
+[* Chart No. 14 below may also be of excellent service here.]
+
+Far more accurate, however, than Tasman's chart is the chart which in
+1705 was made of the voyage of the ships Vossenbosch, de Waijer and
+Nova-Hollandia, commanded by Maarten van Delft [*]. This chart may at the
+same time be of service to elucidate Tasman's discoveries and those of
+his predecessors. It is to be regretted, therefore, that it only embraces
+a comparatively small portion of the north-west coast, namely the part
+extending from the west-coast of Bathurst island and the western
+extremity of Melville island to the eastern part of Coburg peninsula and
+Croker-island. This time again the real character of Dundas Strait and
+Van Diemens Gulf were not ascertained [**].
+
+[* See the Documents under No. XXXIII and Chart No. 15.]
+
+[** I subjoin the names of localities that are found in this chart, since
+the reproduction had to be made on too small a scale to allow of the
+names being distinctly visible to the naked eye. Going from west to east
+they are the following: Kliphoek, Duivelsklip, Droge Hoek, Boompjeshoek,
+Wille Hoek, Noordhoek van Van Diemens Land, Waterplacts, Vuyle Bocht,
+Vuijl Eijland, Hoek van Goede Hoop, Hoefyzer Hoek, Fortuyns Hoek, Schrale
+Hoek, Valsche Westhoek, Valsche Bocht, Bedriegers Hoek, Westhoek van 3
+Bergen's bocht of Vossenbos Ruyge Hoek, Orangie Hoek, Witte Hoek,
+Waterplacts, Alkier liggen drie bergen, Toppershoedje, Oosthoek van Drie
+Bergens bocht, Scherpen Hoek, Vlacke Hoek, Westhoek en Costhoek (van)
+Mariaes Land, Maria's Hoek, de Konijnenberg, Marten Van Delft's baai,
+Pantjallings Hoek, Rustenburg, Wajershoek, Hoek van Onier, Hoek van
+Canthier, P. Frederiksrivier, Jan Melchers Hoek. Pieter Frederiks Hoek,
+Roseboomshoek, W. Sweershoek, Hoek van Calmocrie.]
+
+{Page ix}
+
+V.
+
+THE NETHERLANDERS ON THE WEST- AND SOUTH-WEST COAST OF AUSTRALIA
+
+In the year 1616 the Dutch ship Eendracht, commanded by Dirk Hartogs on
+her voyage from the Cape of Good Hope to Batavia unexpectedly touched at
+"divers islands, but uninhabited" and thus for the first time surveyed
+part of the west-coas of Australia[*]. As early as 1619 this coast, thus
+accidentally discovered, was known by the name of Eendrachtsland or Land
+van de Eendracht. The vaguenes of the knowledge respecting the coast-line
+then discovered, and its extent, is not unaptly illustrated in a small
+map of the world reproduced as below, and found in {Page x} GERARDI
+MERCATORIS _Atlas sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica mundi et
+fabricati figura. De novo...auctus studio_ JUDOCI HONDIJ (Amsterodami;
+Sumptibus Johannis Cloppenburgij. Anno 1632) [**]. If, however, we
+compare this map of the world with KEPPLER'S map of 1630 [***], we become
+aware that Hondius has not recorded all that was then known in Europe
+respecting the light which since 1616 European explorers had thrown on
+the question of the western coast-line of Australia. In Keppler's map,
+namely, besides the English discovery of the Trial rocks (1622) [****],
+and the name "'T Landt van Eendracht" in fat characters, passing from the
+north to the south, we meet with the following names, which the smaller
+letters show to have been intended to indicate subordinate parts of
+Eendrachtsland: Jac. Rommer Revier [*****], Dirck Hartogs ree, F.
+Houtmans aebrooleus and Dedells lant. What is more, Keppler's map also
+exhibits the south-west coast of Australia.
+
+[* See on this point the Documents sub No. VII (pp. 8f.).--It will hardly
+be denied that these pieces of evidence may justly be called "documents
+immediately describing" Hartogs's dicsovery.]
+
+[** For my knowledge of this remarkable atlas I am indebted to Mr. ANTON
+MENSING, member of the firm of Messrs. Frederik Muller and Co., of
+Amsterdam. These gentlemen kindly enabled me to reproduce this chart for
+the present work. I received it too late to allow of its being placed
+among the charts accompanying the various documents.]
+
+[*** See Chart No. 6 on p. 10 below.]
+
+[**** See under No. XIII (p. 17) below.]
+
+[***** See on this point p. 54 _infra_ (No. XXII A and note 3).]
+
+[Map No. 18.  Typus orbis terrarum uit GERARDI MERCATORIS Atlas...De
+Novo...emendatus...studio JUDOCI HONDIJ, 1632.]
+
+Whence all those names? The answer to this question, and at the same time
+various other new features, are furnished by the chart of Hessel
+Gerritsz. of 1627 [*] and by the one dated 1618 [**], in which
+corrections have been introduced after date. The 1627 chart is specially
+interesting. Gerritsz., at the time cartographer in ordinary to the
+E.I.C., has "put together this chart of the Landt van d'Eendracht from
+the journals and drawings of the Steersmen", which means that he availed
+himself of authentic data [***]. He acquitted himself of the task to
+admiration, and has given a very lucid survey of the (accidental)
+discoveries made by the Dutch on the west-coast of Australia. In this
+chart of 1627 the Land of d'Eendracht takes up a good deal of space. To
+the north it is found bounded by the "Willemsrivier", discovered in July
+1618 by the ship Mauritius, commanded by Willem Janszoon [****].
+According to the chart this "river" is in about 21° 45' S. Lat., but
+there are no reliable data concerning this point. If we compare Hessel
+Gerritsz's chart with those on which about 1700 the results of Willem De
+Vlamingh's expedition of 1696-7 were recorded [*****] we readily come to
+the conclusion that the ship Mauritius must have been in the vicinity of
+Vlaming Head (N.W. Cape) on the Exmouth Gulf. From Willem Janszoon's
+statements it also appears that on this occasion in 22° an "island (was)
+discovered, and a landing effected." The island extended N.N.E. and
+S.S.W. on the west-side. The land-spit west of Exmouth Gulf may very
+possibly have been mistaken for an island. From this point then the
+Eendrachtsland of the old Dutch navigators begins to extend southward. To
+the question, how far it was held to extend, I answer that in the widest
+sense of the term ('t Land van Eendracht or the South-land, it reached as
+far as the South-coast, at all events past the Perth of our day) [******].
+In a more restricted sense it extended to about 25° S.' Lat. In
+the latter sense it included the entrance to Shark Bay, afterwards
+entered by Dampier, and Dirk Hartogs island, likewise discovered by Dirk
+Hartogs.
+
+[* No. 4 on p. 9 _infra_.]
+
+[** No. 5 (folding map).]
+
+[*** It is evident that he did not use all the data then available. Thus,
+for instance, he left unused those furnished by the Zeewolf (No. VIII,
+pp. 10 ff. below), and those of the ship Leiden (No. XV, p. 49).]
+
+[**** See the Documents under No IX (pp. 12f.).]
+
+[***** Nos. 13 and 14]
+
+[****** Chart No. 14]
+
+{Page xi}
+
+More to southward we find in the chart of 1627 I. d'Edels landt, made in
+July 1619 by the ships Dordrecht and Amsterdam, commanded by Frederik De
+Houtman and Jacob Dedel [*]. To the north of Dedelsland the coast is
+rendered difficult of access by reefs, the so-called (Frederik De)
+Houtmans-Abrolhos (now known as the Houtman Rocks), also discovered on
+this occasion [**]. To the south, in about 32° S. Lat. [***] Dedelsland
+is bounded by the Landt van de Leeuwin, surveyed in 1622 [****]. Looking
+at the coast more closely still, we find in about 29° 30, S. Lat. the
+name Tortelduyff (Turtle Dove Island), to the south of Houtmans Abrolhos,
+an addition to the chart dating from about 1624 [*****].
+
+[* See the documents sub No. XI (pp. 14 ff.). If NORDENSKI÷LD had known
+these documents, he would have withheld the second alinea on p. 199 of
+his interesting _Periplus_.--The doubts, also, concerning Frederik De
+Houtman's share in the discoveries on the west-coast of Australia,
+expressed by COLLINGRIDGE (_Discovery_ p. 304), CALVERT (_Discovery_, p.
+25), and others, are now likely to be set at rest.]
+
+[** They were then held to lie in 28° 46'. On this point see also the
+documents of PELSAERT'S shipwreck (No. XXIII, pp. 55 ff).]
+
+[*** About this latitude, between 32° and 33° S. Lat., also De Houtman
+and Dedel estimated themselves to be, when they first came upon land.
+They afterwards ran on on a northerly course.]
+
+[**** See the documents sub No. XII (p. 17).]
+
+[***** See No. XVI (p. 50) below, and the highly curious charts Nos. Nos.
+16 and 17.]
+
+So much for the highly interesting chart of Hessel Gerritsz of the year
+1627. If we compare with it the revised edition of the 1618 chart, we are
+struck by the increase of our forefathers' knowledge of the south-west
+coast. This revised edition gives the entire coast-line down to the
+islands of St. François and St. Pieter (133° 30' E. Long. Greenwich),
+still figuring in the maps of our day: the Land of Pieter Nuyts,
+discovered by the ship het Gulden Zeepaard in 1627 [*].
+
+[* See No. XVIII (p. 51) below.]
+
+North of Willemsrivier, this so-called 1618 chart has still another
+addition, _viz_. G. F. De Witsland, discovered in 1628 by the ship Vianen
+commanded by G. F. De Witt [*]. In this case, too, it is difficult to
+determine exactly the longitudes between which the coast-line thus
+designated is situated. [**] But with great distinctness the chart
+exhibits the chain of islands of which the Monte Bello and tha Barrow
+islands are the principal, and besides, certain islands of the Dampier
+Archipelago, afterwards so called after the celebrated English navigator.
+I would have these observations looked upon as hints towards the more
+accurate determination of the site of this De Wit's land, and they may be
+of the more value since the small scale of the chart renders an exact
+determination of it exceedingly difficult.
+
+[* See No. XXI (p. 54) below.]
+
+[** See, however, No. XXI., C. _infra_.]
+
+In Gerritsz's chart of 1627, as well as in the so-called 1618 one, we are
+struck by the fact, that on the west-coast the coast-line shows breaks in
+various places: De Witt's land is not connected with the coast of
+Willems-rivier; the coast-line of Eendrachtsland does not run on; there
+is uncertainty as regards what is now called Shark-bay; the coast facing
+Houtmans Abrolhos is a conjectural one only; the coast-line facing
+Tortelduyf is even altogether wanting; Dedelsland and 't Land van de
+Leeuwin are not marked by unbroken lines. This fragmentary knowledge
+sufficiently accounts for the fact, that about the middle of the
+seventeenth century navigators were constantly faced by the problem of
+the real character of the South-land: was it one vast continent or a
+complex of islands? And the question would not have been so repeatedly
+asked, if the line of the west-coast had been more accurately known.
+
+{Page xii}
+
+Tasman and Visscher [*] did a great deal towards the solution of this
+problem, since in their voyage of 1644 they also skirted and mapped out
+the entire line of the West-coast of what since 1644 has borne the name
+of Nieuw-Nederland, Nova Hollandia, or New Holland, from Bathurst Island
+to a point south of the Tropic of Capricorn. In this case also certain
+mistakes were committed: they failed, for instance, to recognise the real
+character of Bathurst Island, which, like Melville Island, they looked
+upon as forming part of the mainland; but if we make due allowance for
+the imperfection of their means of observation, we are bound to say that
+the coast-line has by them been mapped out with remarkable accuracy [**].
+
+[* I pass by certain other exploratory voyages on the westcoast (see e.g.
+No. XXIV. _infra_, etc.).]
+
+[** Cf. Tasman's chart of 1644 in the Tasman Folio.]
+
+About fifteen years after the west-coast was more accurately mapped out
+also, to the south of the tropic of Capricorn. In the year 1658 Samuel
+Volekersen with the ship de Wakende Boei [Floating Buoy], and Aucke
+Pieters Jonck with the ship Emeloord surveyed a portion of the
+west-coast, and the charts then made have been preserved [*]. The
+coast-line from a point near the Tortelduyf down to past Rottenest (the
+large island on which Volkertsen did not confer a name, preferring to
+"leave the naming to the pleasure of the Hon. Lord Governor-General") and
+the present Perth, were surveyed with special care. In the same year the
+ship Elburg, commanded by Jacob Peereboom, brought in further reports
+about the Land van de Leeuwin, where she had been at anchor "in Lat. 33°
+14' South, under a projecting point" (in Geographe Bay?).
+
+[* See _infra_ No. XXIX., pp. 75 ff., and the charts sub No. XXIX. E, F
+and I.]
+
+The surveying of the lines of the west-coast was finally brought to a
+close by the exploratory voyage of Willem De Vlamingh in 1696-7 with the
+ships Geelvink,  Nijptang, and het Wezeltje. A remarkable chart referring
+to this voyage, here reproduced [*], as well as the ISAAC DE GRAAFF chart
+[**] of _circa_ 1700, give an excellent survey of the expedition. The
+whole coast-line from the so-called Willemsrivier (N.W. Cape) to a point
+south of Rottenest, Garden-island and Perth, was now mapped out. And
+that, too, with great accuracy. Thus, for instance, the true situation of
+the belt of islands enclosing Shark Bay was this time observed with
+unerring exactitude, and Shark Bay itself actually discovered, though its
+discovery is usually credited to Dampier (August, 1699).
+
+[* No. 13.]
+
+[* No. 14.]
+
+VI.
+
+THE NETHERLANDERS TO EASTWARD OF PIETER NUYTS-LAND.
+
+The south-east- and east-coasts of Australia have never been visited by
+the ships of the East India Company. Tasman and Visscher [*] discovered
+Tasmania (Van Diemen's land) in 1642, but were unaware of the existence
+of what is now known as Bass Strait; they discovered the west-coast of
+New Zealand (Staten-land) and certain island-groups east of Australia,
+but did not touch at or sight the east-coast of Australia. Of course,
+after the discovery of the west-coast of New Zealand and of the
+island-groups east of Australia [**], the existence of an east-coast of
+Australia to westward of the regions thus discovered, was an indubitable
+fact, but this east-coast itself was never visited by the Netherlanders.
+
+[* See the journal of this voyage and the discussion of it in my Tasman
+Folio.]
+
+[** In the year 1616 Lemaire and Schouten (No. V), and in 1722 Roggeveen
+(No. XXXIV), also touched at various island-groups east of Australia, but
+these voyages fall outside the plan of the present work.]
+
+{Page xiii}
+
+VII.
+
+OBJECT OF THE DUTCH VOYAGES FOR THE DISCOVERY OF THE
+SOUTH-LAND.--CONCLUSION.
+
+Although it is quite true that the south-east- and east-coasts of the
+Australian continent were not discovered by Dutch ships, still it is an
+undoubted fact that, so far as is known up to now, the whole of the
+Australian coast-line from Prince of Wales Island and York Peninsula and
+along the Gulf of Carpentaria, the north- and north-west-coast of
+Australia then following, the whole of the west-coast, and the
+south-coast down to the islands of St. François and St. Pieter (133° 30'
+E. L. Greenwich) were in the 17th century discovered by vessels belonging
+to the Netherlands [*].
+
+[* It is true that Dampier touched at the north-west coast in 1688, but
+at that time this coast had already been surveyed by Dutch skippers.]
+
+We now come to the question of the object which the Dutch authorities had
+in view in arranging for the expeditions that ultimately led to these
+discoveries.
+
+In answering this question we shall have to distinguish between two
+different categories of voyages: among the voyages undertaken by
+Netherlanders that have led to discoveries on the coasts of Australia,
+there are some which were not begun with the express purpose of going in
+search of unknown lands; but there are others also that were undertaken
+expressly with this end in view. Of course the second class only can be
+called exploratory expeditions in a more restricted sense--the voyages of
+the first category became voyages of discovery through accidental
+circumstances.
+
+The discoveries on the west- and south-west coasts of Australia down to
+Tasman's time all bore an accidental character. Eendrachtsland was
+discovered by accident in the year 1616, and after that time a number of
+Dutch ships unexpectedly touched at those shores, thus continually
+shedding additional, though always imperfect light on the question of the
+conformation of the coast-line. How was it, we may ask, that it was
+especially after 1616 that this coast was so often touched at, whereas
+there had never been question of this before that time? The question thus
+put admits of avery positive answer.
+
+When the Netherlanders set sail for India for the first time, they
+naturally took the route which they knew to be followed by the
+Portuguese. After doubling the Cape of Good Hope, they directly continued
+their voyage on a north-eastern course, along the west-coast, or close by
+the east-coast, of Madagascar, and then tried to reach India coming from
+the west. To this route there were grave objections both as regards the
+winds prevailing in those latitudes, the intense heat soon encountered,
+the great number of "shallows or foul islands," etc. Besides, the voyage
+was apt to last very long. In 1611, however, certain ships going from the
+Netherlands to India followed another route: directly after leaving the
+Cape they ran on an eastern course (in about 36° S. Lat.) for a
+considerable time, after which they tried to navigate to Java on a
+northerly course. The commander of these ships, the subsequent
+Governor-General {Page xiv} Hendrik Brouwer, wrote to the Managers of the
+E.I.C. about "this fairway" in highly laudatory terms. They adopted the
+idea suggested by Brouwer, of henceforth prescribing this route in the
+instructions for the commanders and skippers sailing for the Indies,
+leaving them a certain scope certainly as regards the latitude in which
+the said easterly course was to be followed, and the degree of longitude
+up to which it was to be kept. As early as the beginning of 1613 such a
+route was enjoined on the ships' captains by the Managers of the E.I.C.
+The ship Eendracht also was directed to follow this course: she ran so
+far to eastward as to come upon the west-coast of Australia, and the same
+thing happened to subsequent vessels.
+
+Although in the sense thus indicated we must here speak of _acczdental_
+discoveries on the west-coast, yet the Dutch authorities were fully aware
+of the importance of such discoveries. As early as 1618, the Managers of
+the E.I.C. were considering the possibility of "discovering the Southern
+Lands in passing," and in a letter of September 9, 1620, with reference
+to "the discovery of a vast land, situated south of Java...by the ship
+Eendracht", etc., they expressly enjoined the G.-G. and Counc. to
+dispatch a ship for the purpose of "resuming this work with some hope of
+success." The lands discovered were to be mapped out, and efforts made to
+ascertain "the situation and condition of the country, its productions,
+what commodities it yields, the character of the natives, their mode of
+life, etc."
+
+The Managers had not preached to deaf ears: the direction of the
+Company's affairs in India was at that time in the hands of Jan
+Pieternoon Coen, who, being himself strongly disposed in favour of
+extending the Dutch connections with the East [*], eagerly embraced the
+idea thus suggested, as is proved by the instructions, dated September
+29, 1622, for the ships Haring and Hazewind, "destined for the discovery
+of the South-land". [**] Thus we see that one of the projects
+contemplated by the Dutch authorities certainly was the dispatching of
+ships also to the west-coast of Australia for the purpose of further
+discovery and of definitely ascertaining the real state of affairs there.
+
+[* See below.]
+
+[** See below, No. XIII, B (pp. 18 ff.)]
+
+But not for the purpose of further discovery exclusively, although this
+continued to be "the principal end in view." The instructions of
+September 29, 1622, also point to other motives that led the
+Netherlanders to reckon also with regions to be first discovered, in
+carrying out their colonial policy. The commanders of this expedition
+were "specially to inquire what minerals, such as gold, silver, tin,
+iron, lead and copper, what precious stones, pearls, vegetables, animals
+and fruits, these lands yield and produce";--the commercial interests of
+the E.I.C.--and what was more natural in the case of a trading
+corporation?--were to take a foremost place. Wherever possible, also
+political connections were to be formed, and the countries discovered
+"to be taken possession of". The authorities were even considering the
+idea of at some future date "planting colonies" in some of the regions
+eventually to be discovered.
+
+Here we have the colonial policy of the E.I.C. of the period to its full
+extent: commerce, increase of territory, colonies. And these ideas were
+at the bottom of most of the voyages of discovery to the north-coast of
+Australia before Tasman, and of Tasman's voyages themselves. The
+celebrated voyage of the ship Duifken (1605-6) {Page xv} bears a
+character of intentionality, and if we bear in mind that the same ship's
+voyage of 1602 had for its professed object the extension of the
+Company's mercantile connections, we need not be in doubt as to this
+being equally the motive or one of the motives of the expedition on which
+she was dispatched in 1605-6. We know, moreover, that New Guinea was then
+reported "to yield abundance of gold." The three principles of colonial
+policy just mentioned also underlay the voyage undertaken by Jan
+Carstensz in 1623; for we know that this commander got the instructions
+drawn up for the ships Haring and Hazewind, but not then carried into
+effect, since these ships did not sail on their ordained expedition [*].
+These principles are found set forth with more amplitude than anywhere
+else in the instructions drawn up for Tasman and his coadjutors in 1642
+and 1644 [**]. The voyages, then planned, were to be undertaken "for the
+enlargement, increase and improvement of the Dutch East India Company's
+standing and commerce in the East."
+
+[* See below, p. 21, Note 1.]
+
+[** See these instructions in my Life of Tasman, pp. 131 ff. and 147 ff.]
+
+In the instructions for Tasman's voyage of 1644 the G.-G. and Counc.,
+who drew them up, could still refer to "the express commands of the
+'Heeren Maijoores" [*] to "attempt the discovery of Nova Guinea and other
+unknown Eastern and Southern lands." And it is a fact certainly, that in
+the first half of the seventeenth century the Governors-General who
+planned these exploratory voyages were in their endeavours supported by
+the Managers of the E.I.C. in the mother country [**]: it was especially
+Jan Pieterszoon Coen (1619-1623 and 1627-1629), Hendrik Broulwer
+(1632-1636) and Antonio van Diemen (1636-1645), who were most efficiently
+backed in their efforts for this purpose by their principals at home.
+Among these Governors-General Van Diemen holds the foremost place as
+regards the furtherance of discoveries by Netherlanders in the Far East:
+in the Pacific and on, "the mainland coasts of Australia." It is, with
+complete justice, therefore, that a foreign author mentions the name of
+Van Diemen as "a name which will ever rank among the greatest promotors
+of maritime discovery".[***]
+
+[* Meaning the Managers of the E.I.C.]
+
+[** See also the instructions for the voyage of 1636, p. 64 _infra_.]
+
+[*** BURNEY, Chronological History, III, p. 55. Speaking of Van Diemen,
+we must not omit to call the reader's attention to sentiments such as the
+following: "Whoever endeavours to discover unknown lands and tribes, had
+need to be patient and long-suffering, noways quick to fly out, but
+always bent on ingratiating himself" (p. 65 _infra_), a piece of advice
+elsewhere taking the form of a command, e.g. p. 66: "You will not carry
+off with you any natives against their will". And, sad to say, such
+injunctions were often imperiously necessary!]
+
+And this same eminent manager of the Company's interests in India lived
+to see at the end of his official career far narrower views about
+colonial policy not only take root in the mother-country (where isolated
+opinions that way had found utterance long before), but even get the
+upper hand in the Company's councils. Van Diemen's policy came ultimately
+to be condemned in the Netherlands, whatever homage might there be paid
+to his eminent talents, whatever acknowledgment vouchsafed to his great
+merits! It may almost be called a matter of course that great differences
+of opinions were bound surely, if slowly, to crop up between the Managers
+on one hand, and able Governors-General on the other, touching the line
+of conduct to be followed by the Netherlanders in the East. The Managers
+were in the first place the directors of a trading company: they hardly
+looked beyond the requirements of a purely mercantile policy. Eminent
+Governors-General on the contrary were conscious {Page xvi} of being more
+than this: they were not only the representatives of a body of merchants,
+they were also the rulers of a colonial empire which in the East was
+looked up to with dread, with hatred also sometimes, to be sure, but at
+the same time with respect and awe! There lay the ultimate cause of the
+fundamental difference of opinion respecting the colonial policy to be
+followed [*]. Van Diemen dreamt a bold dream of Dutch supremacy in the
+East and of the East India Company's mastery "of the opulent Indian
+trade." To this end he deemed necessary: "harassing of the enemy [**],
+continuation and extension of trade, together with the discovering or new
+lands." But if he had lived to read the missive [***], his grand projects
+would have received an effectual damper as he perused the letter
+addressed to him by the Lords Managers, on September 9, 1645, and
+containing the passage following: "[We] see that Your Worships have again
+taken up the further exploration of the coast of Nova Guinea in hopes of
+discovering silver- and gold-mines there. We do not expect great things
+of the continuation of such explorations, which more and more burden the
+Company's resources, since they require increase of yachts and of
+sailors. Enough has been discovered for the Company to carry on trade,
+provided the latter be attended with success. We do not consider it part
+of our task to seek out gold- and silver-mines for the Company, and
+having found such, to try to derive profit from the same; such things
+involve a good deal more, demanding excessive expenditure and large
+numbers of hands...These plans of Your Worships somewhat aim beyond our
+mark. The gold- and silver-mines that will best serve the Company's turn,
+have already been found, which we deem to be our trade over the whole of
+India..."
+
+[* I have dealt at some length with this subject in Vol. III
+('s-Gravenhage, NIJHOFF, 1895) of my _Bouwstoffen voor de geschiedenis
+der Nederlanders in den Maleiscken Arckipel_, pp. LVI ff.]
+
+[** The eighty years' war was still going on]
+
+[*** Van Diemen died April 19, 1645.]
+
+Is it wonderful that, where the supreme authorities of the E.I.C.
+regarded matters in this light, there was no longer question of
+exploratory voyages of any importance? The period of the great voyages of
+discovery undertaken by Netherlanders, accordingly terminates with Van
+Diemen's death. It is true that occasionally voyages of this nature were
+planned [*]; that Australia--not to go further afield--was also visited
+now and then in later times, but such visits either bore an incidental
+character, or formed part of expeditions undertaken for other purposes
+[**], the occasion being then used to "obtain once for all some full and
+reliable information touching the situation and coast-lines" of lands
+previously discovered.
+
+[* See p. 72 and Note below: 1645 and 1646.]
+
+[** Now, for instance (No. XXVIII, 1648), for the purpose of seeking
+another route than the customary one from Batavia to Banda, at another
+time (No. XXIX, 1656-1658) to inquire into the fate of a shipwrecked
+crew; or to prevent the voyages of William Dampier from entailing
+unpleasant consequences for the Dutch E.I.C. (1705, No. XXXIII).--Thus,
+in 1718, a Swiss of the name of J. P. Purry submitted to the Managers of
+the E.I.C. proposals for the further discovery of Nuytsland. The proposal
+was duly reported on, but ultimately laid aside _(Resolutions of the
+"Heeren XVII", Oclober 3, 1718, and March 11 1719; Resolution of the
+Amsterdam Chamber, April 17, 1719)_.]
+
+Still, we must not omit to mention that at the close of the seventeenth
+century a desire to contribute to the enlargement of geographical
+knowledge for a moment got a voice in the question of equipping vessels
+for expeditions sent out for this purpose. And this scientific impulse
+originated in the mother-country [*]. The impulse was undoubtedly given
+by the well-known burgomaster of Amsterdam and Manager of the E. I. C.,
+_Nicolaas Corneliszoon Witsen, LL D_, author of the work entitled {Page
+xvii} _Noord en Oost Tartarije_. He took a diligent part in the
+preparations for the voyage of skipper De Vlamingh: "We are having the
+vessels manned mainly with unmarried and resolute sailors; I have
+directed a draughtsman to join the expedition that whatever strange or
+rare things they meet with, may be accurately depicted". And Witsen
+anxiously awaited the outcome of De Vlamingh's expedition. He was
+disappointed by the results: the commander had indeed "surveyed and made
+soundings on the coasts, but had made few landings." At the same time
+Manager Witsen mentions not without some satisfaction the results of this
+voyage, meagre though they may be in his eyes, in letters to friends both
+at home and abroad, imparting to them what he has learned on the subject
+[**]. A few years later, however, he bitterly complains of the
+indifference of many of his countrymen in those days: "What does Your
+Worship care about curious learning from India," he grumbles in a letter
+to one of his friends [***] "no, sir, it is money only, not learned
+knowledge that our people go out to seek over there, the which is sorely
+to be regretted."
+
+[* _Resolution of the "Heeren XVII", August 25, 1692; see also p. 60
+infra._]
+
+[** As regards this see J F GEBHARD _Het leven van Witsen_ I., pp. 480 f.:
+II. pp. 260 f. (Letter of Witsen to "Dr. Martin Lister, fellow of the
+Colledge of Physicians and R. S., concerning some late observations in
+Nova Hollandia" October 3, 1698), pp. 299 f. (Letter to Gijsbert Cuper at
+Deventer, 1698?) pp. 407, 414, 416]
+
+[*** Witsen to Cuper, August 1, 1712 (GEBHARD p. 480).]
+
+"The which is sorely to be regretted!"...The times of Van Diemen had
+failed to return; the spirit by which he was imbued no longer presided
+over the debates on colonial matters. But his name is indissolubly bound
+up with the palmy days of Dutch discovery in the Far East, initiated by
+the East India Company.
+
+Fortunately, in our time Holland again bears a part in what is done by
+cultured Europe for the scientific exploration of the unknown regions of
+the world. In this field of inquiry the nineteenth century has again
+beheld her sons take a place which the achievements of their forefathers
+have as it were by right of inheritance assigned to them.
+
+* * * * *
+* * *
+
+{Page 1}
+
+
+
+DOCUMENTS.
+
+
+
+I.
+
+
+(1595) DUTCH NOTIONS RESPECTING THE SOUTH-LAND IN 1595.
+
+
+_Itinerario, Voyage ofte Schipvaert, van JAN HUYGEN VAN LINSCHOTEN naer
+Oost ofte Portugaels Indien [Itinerary, Voyage or Navigation of J. H. v.
+L. to Eastern or Portuguese India]_...t' Amstelredam. By Cornelis Claesz
+opt Water, in 't Schrijf-boeck by de Oude Brugghe. Anno CIC.IC.XCVI
+(1596?-Ed.)[*].
+
+[* There may have been an earlier edition of this book. At all events,
+the Netherlanders who in 1595 undertook the first voyage from Holland to
+India, were acquainted with the work either in manuscript or in print.
+See the journal of this voyage, kept by Frank Van der Does, one of the
+sharers of the expedition, and printed in the second volume of J. K. J.
+De JONGE'S well-known book: De Opkomst van het Nederlandsch gezag in
+Oost-Indië [The Rise of the Dutch power in the East Indies] ('s
+Gravenhage, Amsterdam MDCCCLXIV), pp. 287-372. It may safely be assumed
+that Van Linschoten's book contains everything that the Dutch knew of
+the East, when in 1595 Dutch vessels were first sent out to those remote
+regions. Charts Nos 1 (a part of the _Orbis terrarum combmdiosa
+descriptio_. Antverpiae apud joafiem Baptistam Vrient), and 2 (a part of
+the _Exacta & accurata delineatio cum orarum maritimarum tum eijam
+locorum terrestrium quae in regionibus Chiua...una cum omnium vicinarum
+instilarum descriptjone ut sunt Sumatra, Java utraque_...) give a survey
+of this knowledge so far as our present purpose is concerned. I have made
+use of a copy of Van Linschoten's work in the library of the Leyden
+University.]
+
+Pag. 25. Chapter the Twentieth.
+
+Concerning the island of Java Mayor, together with its commodities,
+merchandise and dealings, weights, coins and value of the same, and other
+particulars.
+
+[Map No. 1.   Gedeelte der (Part of the) _Orbis terrae compendiosa
+describtio_]
+
+{Page 2}
+
+South-south-east, facing the farthest extremity of the island of Samatra,
+south of the line _equinoctial_, lies the island called _Java Mayor_, or
+great _Java_...This island begins in 7 degrees Latitude South, and
+extends east by south a length of 150 miles but of its breadth nothing is
+known up to now, since it has not yet been explored, nor is this known to
+the inhabitants themselves. Some suppose it to be a mainland, [forming
+part] of the land called Terra incognita, which would then extend
+hitherward from beyond the _C de boa Esperança_ but of this there is no
+certitude hitherto, so that it is usually accounted an island...
+
+[Map No. 2.   Gedeelte der (Part of the) _Exacta & accurata delineatio
+cum orarum maritimarum tum etjam locorum terrestrium, quae in regjonibus
+China...una cum omnium vicinarum insularum descriptjone ut sunt Sumatra,
+Java utraque_]
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 3}
+
+
+
+II.
+
+
+(1602). NOTICES OF THE SOUTH-COAST OF NEW GUINEA IN 1602.
+
+
+_Journal or Daily Register_, begun on the 22nd day of April, A.D. 1601,
+kept on board the sho Gelderlant...
+
+This 10th day of April 1602.
+
+The meeting of the Plenary Council [*] having been convened by order of
+the Lord Admiral [**] to resolve to dispatch the yacht called Duyffken to
+the island of Ceram, the Council have drawn up the Instructions
+following, which Supercargo Master Claes Gaeff [and] skipper Willem
+Cornelisz Schouten will have to act up to.
+
+[* The joint council of all the ships forming the flotilla to which the
+Gelderland belonged.]
+
+[** Wolphert Hermanszoon.]
+
+_Imprimis_ he will have to navigate to the island of Ceran, and there
+call at the ports or roads following, to wit: Queuin, Quelibara,
+Quelilonhen or Goulegoubj [*], and failing these, at certain others where
+profitable dealings may be expected...
+
+[* Keffing, Kilwaroc,...Goeli-goeli. These place-names go to show, that
+by Ceram are meant the south-eastern extremity of Ceram and the
+Ceram-Laut islands.]
+
+_Secondly_, [he will have to inquire] whether there is anything to be had
+there besides sago; their way of doing business and in what places; what
+commodities had best be sent thither; and to what limits their farthest
+navigation extends; also, whether they have any knowledge of Nova Guinea;
+whether they have ever sent ships thither, or whether ships from Nova
+Guinea have ever come to Ceran. In the island of Banda, actum April the
+10th, A.D. 1602, on board the ship Gelderlandt. God send his blessing
+unto salvation. Amen.
+
+* * *
+
+Laus deo A.D. 1602 This 15th day of May in the island of Banda.
+
+A brief account of certain islands with which they of the islands of
+Ceran and, Banda carry on trade...
+
+They can say nothing certain respecting the island of Nova Guinea, but
+say that there are white people living on the south side, inhabited by
+Portuguese [*], but [the people of the parts of Ceram visited by the
+Dutch] had never seen any Portuguese ships. They can give no information
+about their dealings and commodities.
+
+[* If any reliance can be placed on this report, it proves that in 1602
+the Portuguese were acquainted with the South(-west) coast of New Guinea.
+But considering the fact that the Dutch were utterly unacquainted with
+New Guinea, it is _quite possible_ that on this point they misunderstood
+the inhabitants of the parts of Ceram visited by them.]
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 4}
+
+
+
+III.
+
+
+(1605-1606).VOYAGE OF THE SHIP DUIFKEN UNDER COMMAND OF WILLEM
+JANSZ(OON) AND JAN LODEWIJKSZOON ROSINGEYN TO NEW GUINEA.--DISCOVERY OF
+THE EAST-COAST OF THE PRESENT GULF OF CARPENTARIA.
+
+
+A.
+
+_HACKLUYTUS Posthumus or PURCHAS his Pilgrimes Contayning a History of
+the World in Sea voyages, & lande-Travells by Englishmen & others._
+
+English Voyages beyond the East-Indies, to the islands of Japan, China,
+Cauchinchina, the Philipinae with others; and the Indian navigations
+further prosecuted...
+
+THE FOURTH BOOKE.
+
+Chap. II.
+
+Observations of Captaine Iohn Saris, of occurrents which happened in the
+East-Indies during his abode at Bantam, from October 1605, till October
+1609...
+
+The eighteenth [November 1605] [*] heere [**] departed a small Pinnasse
+of the _Flemmings_, for the discovery of the Land called Nova Guinea
+which, as it is said, affordeth great store of Gold...
+
+[* Old style: therefore November 28, 1605.]
+
+[** Bantam.]
+
+The fifteenth [*] of June [1606] heere [**] arrived _Nockhoda_ [***]
+_Tingall_, a Cling-man from _Banda_, in a _Java_ juncke...
+
+[* Old style: therefore Junr 25, 1606.]
+
+[** Bantam.]
+
+[*** Nachoda or Anachoda: a skipper.]
+
+He told me that the _Flemmings_ Pinasse which went upon discovery for
+_Nova Ginny_, was returned to Banda, having found the Iland: but in
+sending their men on shoare to intreate of Trade, there were nine of them
+killed by the Heathens, which are man-eaters; So they were constrained to
+returne, finding no good to be done there.
+
+B.
+
+_Instructions drawn up to serve as a basis for Answers on the part of the
+General United E.I.C. to the advice given by the Lords States of Holland
+and Westfriesland, touching the Charter of the Australia Company. Laid
+before the Council, Aug. 2, 1618._
+
+...So that the E.I.C. opines that in every case the Australia Company
+aforesaid ought to be excluded from the Southern parts, situated between
+the Meridian passing through the Eastern extremity of Ceylon and the
+Meridian lying a hundred miles eastward of the Salomon islands; seeing
+that the United East India Company has repeatedly given orders for
+discovering and exploring _the land of Nova Guinea and the islands
+situated east of the same_, since, equally by her orders, such discovery
+was once tried about the year 1606 with the yacht de Duyve by skipper
+Willem Jansz and subcargo Jan Lodewijs van Rosingijn, who made sundry
+discoveries on the said coast of Nova Guinea, as is amply set forth in
+their journals. [*]
+
+[* In 1618, therefore, there must have been extant journals of the
+expedition of 1605-6.]
+
+{Page 5}
+
+C.
+
+See _infra_ the _Journal of the voyage Of JAN CARSTENSZOON 1623, at the
+dates:_ March 7, May 11, 12, 15.
+
+D.
+
+South-eastern part of the Map _Indiae Orientalis Nova descriptio_ in the
+atlas JOANNES JANSSONIUS-MERCATOR-HONDIUS 1633 [*]
+
+[* The whole map is reproduced in _Remarkable Maps_ (II, 7.) See also C.
+H. COOTE'S Introduction; P. A. TIELE: Nederlandsche Bibliographic van
+Land- en Volkenkunde, s. vv. Janssonius and Mercator, and my Life of
+Tasman, p. 91, note I.]
+
+
+[Map No. 3. Zuidoostelijk gedeelte der Kaart (South-eastern part of the
+Map) _Indiae Orientalis Nova descriptio_]
+
+E.
+
+_Instructions for Skipper Commander Abel Jansen Tasman, Skipper
+Pilot-Majjr Frans Jacobsen Visscher, and the Council of the Yachts
+Limmen, Zeemeeuw, and the Quel de Brack, destined for the further
+discovery of Nova Guinea, and of the unknown coasts of the discovered
+East- and South-lands, together with the channels and islands presumably
+situated between and near the same._
+
+* * *
+
+Both by word of mouth and through the perusal of Journals, Charts and
+other writings, it is in the main well-known to you, how the successive
+Governors of India, at {Page 6} the express command of our Lords and
+Masters the "Heeren XVII", have, in order to the aggrandisement,
+enlargement and improvement of the Dutch East India Company's standing
+and trade in the East, divers times diligently endeavoured to make timely
+discovery of the vast country of Nova Guinea and of other unknown Eastern
+and Southern regions; to wit, that four several voyages have up to now
+with scant success been made for this desired discovery; of the which
+voyages the first was undertaken in the year 16066 with the Yacht 't
+Duyffken, by order, of President Jan Willemsz Verschoor (who then managed
+the Company's affairs in Bantham), on which voyage the islands of Key and
+Arouw were visited in passing, and the unknown south and west coasts of
+Nova Guinea were discovered over a length of 220 miles from 5 to 13æ
+degrees Southern Latitude, it being only ascertained that vast regions
+were for the greater part uncultivated, and certain parts inhabited by
+savage, cruel, black barbarians who slew some of our sailors, so that no
+information was obtained touching the exact situation of the country and
+regarding the commodities obtainable and in demand there.\; our men
+having by want of provisions and other necessaries, been compelled to
+return and give up the discovery they had begun, only registering in
+their chart with the name of Cape Keer-weer the extreme point of the
+discovered land in 13æ degrees Southern Latitude.
+
+In the castle of Batavia, this 29th of January Ao 1644. Signed ANTONIO
+VAN DIEMEN, CORNELIS VAN DER LIJN, JOAN MAETSUIJCKER, JUSTUS SCHOUTEN and
+SALOMON SWEERS.
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+IV.
+
+
+(1607). FRESH EXPEDITION TO NEW GUINEA BY THE SHIP DUIFKE.
+
+Second volume of "_Het begin ende voortgangh der Vereenighde
+Nederlantsche Geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische Compagnie._ Gedruckt in den
+jaere des Heeren 1646" [Rise and Progress of the United Netherlands
+Chartered East India Company. Printed Anno Domini 1646].
+
+A Narrative and Journal of the voyage made from Bantam to the coast of
+Choromandel and other parts of India, by Supercargo PAULUS VAN SOLT in
+the years 1605 1606, 1607, 1608.
+
+* * *
+
+"On the 4th of March 1607, through God's mercy [we] arrived before the
+Castle [of Victoria in Amboyna]...here we found...the yacht Duyfken,
+which had come from Nova Guinea"...
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+V.
+
+
+(1616). VOYAGE OF THE SHIPS EENDRACHT AND HOORN, COMMANDED BY JACQUES
+LE MAIRE AND WILLEM CORNELISZOON SCHOUTEN THROUGH THE PACIFIC OCEAN AND
+ALONG THE NORTH-COAST OF NEW GUINEA.
+
+One of the journals of this voyage has been repeatedly printed in various
+languages. (See TIELE, Mémoire Bibliographique, pp. 42-62, and the same
+writer's Bibliographic Land- en Volkenkunde, s. vv. Begin ende
+Voortgangh, Herrera, W. Cz. Schouten, and Spilbergen). I need not,
+therefore, go into detail on this point here. The voyage was begun on the
+14th of June 1615, and in January 1616 the strait of {Page 7} Le Maire
+was discovered. In the Pacific Ocean various islands unknown to the
+voyagers were touched at: _inter alia_ Kokos-island (Boscawen or Tafahi),
+Verraders-eiland [Traitors' island] (Keppel or Niutabutabu), (Goede) Hoop
+island (Nino-fa), the Hoornsche islands (Fotuna and Alofi). Besides,
+various islands east of New Guinea were surveyed, and New Ireland, New
+Hanover and the north-coast of New Guinea with the islands north of it
+(among others Schoutens island), sailed round or touched at.
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+VI.
+
+
+(1616). PROJECT FOR THE FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE SOUTH-LAND NOVA GUINEA.
+
+A.
+
+_Resolution of the Governor-General and Councillors, October 8, 1616._
+
+...Inasmuch as heretofore the Company has taken in hand to dispatch a
+ship for the discovery of the South-land-Nova-Guinea and the dependencies
+thereof, which project has not been executed owing to other intervening
+business, it has been resolved to take the said project once more in hand
+at the present time; and that to this end the Lord Admiral...[*] shall
+dispatch from Amboyna or Banda the ship de Jager with any other small
+yacht that should lie at anchor there, or happen to put into port, in
+order to the discovery of the lands aforesaid; seeing that it is much
+more convenient to visit those parts starting from here than from the
+Netherlands, and that the same can now be done without any inconvenience
+or detriment to the Company. And if in Amboyna or Banda no other yacht
+besides the ship de Jager should be found available, then the Lord
+Admiral shall be free to assign the ship Morgenster for the said
+purpose...
+
+[* Steven Van der Haghen.]
+
+B.
+
+_Resolution of the Governor-General and Councillors, October 21, 1616._
+
+...Considering the confident inclination to the said voyage evinced by
+the Lord Advocate Dedel [*], and the importance of this enterprise being
+conducted with great skill and judgment, it has been determined and
+resolved to employ the Advocate aforesaid in the said voyage, to the end
+that all things may be conducted in good order, with the requisite
+courage and resolution, for which purpose the Hon. Advocate will now
+depart for Amboyna with the Lord Admiral...
+
+[* Cornelis Dedel, LL. D.]
+
+C.
+
+_Letter from the Governor-General LAURENS REAEL to the Managers of the
+E.I.C., May 10, 1617._
+
+...Mr. Cornelis Dedel, LL. D., had by us been dispatched to this place
+[*] from the Moluccas, that with two or three yachts and pinnaces he
+might proceed to the discovery of the Southern lands, which undertaking
+had heretofore once more by order of...Admiraal Verhagen been engaged in
+by Jan Rossangin [**]. But when lying at anchor in Amboyna...Dedel's
+ships were employed on other services. [***]
+
+[* Reael was then staying in Banda.]
+
+[* This almost certainly refers to the voyage of 1605-6 under Willem
+Jansz. and Rosengein.]
+
+[* Although, as we see, the project was not carried into execution, I
+have thought it good to print the above documents, because they bear
+testimony to the earnest intention of the Dutch authorities in India once
+more to undertake the discovery of the "South-land" (at the same time the
+matter was by no means lost sight of in the Netherlands, as is proved by
+a resolution of the Managers of the E.I.C., of October 1616); [and]
+because document C in the text is _presumably_ fresh evidence for the
+voyage of 1605-6.]
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 8}
+
+
+
+VII.
+
+
+(1616). VOYAGE OF DE EENDRACHT UNDER COMMAND OF DIRK HARTOGS(ZOON).
+DISCOVERY OF THE WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA IN 1616: DIRK HARTOGS ISLAND AND
+-ROAD, LAND OF THE EENDRACHT OR EENDRACHTSLAND.
+
+A.
+
+_Letter of Supercargo Cornelis Buysero at Bantam to the Managers of the
+East India Company at Amsterdam._
+
+Worshipful, Wise, Provident, very Discreet Gentlemen,...
+
+...The ship Eendracht [*], with which they had sailed from the
+Netherlands, after communicating at the Cabo sailed away from them so
+far southward as to come upon 6 various islands which were, however,
+found uninhabited [**]...
+
+[* Commanded by Dirk Hartogs, or Hartogszoon.]
+
+[* What "uninhabited islands" the ship Eendracht "came upon", Buysero's
+letter does not say. Various authentic archival documents of 1618 and
+subsequent years, however, go to show that the land afterwards named
+Eendrachtsland or Land van de Eendracht, and the Dirk Hartogsreede
+(island) must have been discovered on this voyage.]
+
+Bantam, this last day of August, A.D. 1617.
+Your Worships' servant to command
+CORNELIS BUYSERO [*]
+
+[* Buysero was supercargo at Bantam (DE JONGE, Opkcornst, IV, p. 68,) and
+was therefore likely to be well informed as to the adventures of the
+ship, which had sailed from the Netherlands in January 1616, departed
+from the Cape of Good Hope in the last days of August, and had arrived in
+India in December of the same year, as appears from what Steven Van der
+Haghen, Governor of Amboyna, writes May 26, 1617: "That in the month of
+December 1616, the ship Eendracht entered the narrows between Bima and
+the land of Endea near Guno Api (Goenoeng Api) in the south of Java"
+(Sapi Straits).]
+
+B.
+
+_See infra Document No. IX, of 1618._
+
+It proves that as early as 1618 the name of Eendrachtsland was known in
+the Netherlands.
+
+C.
+
+The subjoined chart (reproduced on the original scale in _Remarkable
+Maps_, II, 4) was drawn by HESSEL GFRRITSZ, Cartographer in ordinary to
+the East India Company {Page 9} (Ress. of the "Heeren XVII", March 21,
+1619 and October 21, 1629). He had accordingly at his disposal the
+official documents referring to this discovery.
+
+[Map No. 4. Caert van (Chart of) 't Land van d'Eendracht Ao 1627 door
+HESSEL GERRITSZ]
+
+D.
+
+The interesting little folding chart, marked No. 5, is now in the
+possession of Jhr. J. E. Huydecoper van Maarsseveen en Nigtevegt, LL. D.,
+at Utrecht. It is bound up with the said gentleman's copy of Abel
+Janszoon Tasman's journal of his voyage of 1642-3 [*]. The chart clearly
+shows that at times in subsequent issues of certain charts the dates
+given in the first issue were retained, while numerous corrections were
+made in the chart itself.
+
+[* See my Life and Labours of TASMAN, p. 69.]
+
+{Page 10}
+
+E.
+
+Of the chart of which this is a small portion, a complete reproduction
+will be found in _Remarkable Maps_, II, 8. In 1630, accordingly, the
+discovery of Eendrachtsland was known at Nuremberg.
+
+
+[Map No. 6. Kaart van het Zuidland van (Alap of the Southland by) JOANNES
+KEPPLER en PHILIPPUS ECKEBRECHT, 1630]
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+VIII.
+
+
+(1618). VOYAGE OF THE SHIP ZEEWOLF, FROM THE NETHERLANDS TO INDIA,
+UNDER THE COMMAND OF SUPERCARGO PIETER DIRKSZOON AND SKIPPER HAEVIK
+CLAESZOON VAN HILLEGOM.--FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE WEST-COAST OF
+AUSTRALIA.
+
+_Letter of Supercargo Pieter Dirkszoon to the Managers of the E.I.C. at
+Amsterdam, dated June 24, 1618._
+
+A.
+
+Worshipful Wise Provident Very Discreet Gentlemen.
+
+By the ships T'Wapen van Zeelandt, den Eenhoorn and Enckhuyzen (which
+with full cargoes arrived at the Cape de bone Esperance from these parts
+of India) I have on the 22nd of March last [1618] briefly advised Your
+Worships of our safe arrival there...[*]
+
+[* The ship had sailed from the Netherlands in December 1617.]
+
+* * *
+
+{Page 11}
+
+Now with this ship den Witten Beer Your Worships may be pleased to
+receive news of the subsequent successful progress of our voyage to this
+part of India, viz. that on the 24th of the said month we sailed from the
+Taeffelbaey [Table Bay]...in the ship Seewolf for Bantam (pursuant to
+Your Worships' orders); in such fashion that by God's grace we soon got
+south as far as 37, 38 and 39 degrees, after which we held our course due
+east for a thousand miles before turning it northward; so that on the
+21st of May following we made the land in Cleyn Java about 6 or 8 miles
+east of the island of Bali; after which, passing between Bali and Cleyn
+Java, we came to anchor before our factory of Japara on the second day of
+June...
+
+Having on the 11th of May reached 21° 15' S. Latitude, we saw and
+discovered...land about 5 or 6 miles to windward east of us, which in
+consequence we were unable to touch at. We observed it to be a level,
+low-lying shore of great length, and looking out from the top-mast we saw
+on both ends of it, to north as well as to southward, still other land
+which showed high and mountainous. But as the land bore eastward from us,
+and we could not have got higher without considerable inconvenience, we
+do not know whether it forms an unbroken coast-line, or is made up of
+separate islands. In the former case it might well be a mainland coast,
+for it extended to a very great length. But only the Lord knows the real
+state of affairs. At all events it would seem never to have been made or
+discovered by any one before us, as we have never heard of such discovery
+[*], and the chart shows nothing but open ocean at this place. According
+to our skipper's estimation in his chart the Strait of Sunda was then
+N.N.E. of us at about 250 miles' distance; according to the second mate's
+reckoning the direction was North East, and according to the first mate's
+estimation North East by North. These statements, however, proved
+erroneous, since we arrived east of Bali on a north-north-east course. So
+that consequently this land bears from Sunda Strait south-south-west, and
+ships must arrive in Java eastward of Sunda Strait on a north-by-west or
+northern course; on which those who come in sight of this land from
+eastward and wish to go to Bantam, may safely base their course. This
+much by way of advice...
+
+[* Dirk Hartochs's discovery had not come to their knowledge then.]
+
+On board the ship Seewolff lying at anchor before Jacatra, this 20 of
+June, 1618.
+Your Worships' obedient Servant
+PIETER DIRCXSOON 1618.
+
+B.
+
+_Letter of Skipper Haevick Claeszoon van Hillegom to the Managers of the
+E.I.C. at Amsterdam, dated June 24, 1618._
+
+Laus Deo. On board the ship Seewolf lying at anchor before Jaeketerae,
+this 24th of June 1618.
+
+Right Worshipful Beloved Gentlemen My Lords Directors of the United
+Company at Amsterdam, with friendly greeting, the present, after my best
+wishes for the {Page 12} well-being and health of my Worshipful Noble
+Masters, serves to express my hope that Your Worships may have duly
+received, through Pieter Gertsz, skipper of the ship Enckhuyzen [*], my
+letters of the 22nd of March, written in the Taefel Bay, recounting what
+had happened on our voyage up to said date. The present further serves to
+inform Your Worships of our progress up to this day, as follows. We set
+sail from the Cape de bon Esperanse on the 24th of the same month...
+
+[* See _supra_ A.]
+
+On the 5th of May we got into Latitude 28° 26' South, when we saw numbers
+of birds many of which seemed to be land-birds, such as a white
+tropic-bird and a few scissor-tailed ducks, so that I surmised that we
+were near land. Two or three days afterwards we saw sea-weed floating in
+large quantities and long strips. On the 10th do. we passed the tropic in
+fine weather. On the 11th do. we saw land in 21° 20' S. Lat.: it was a
+level, low-lying coast extending to a great length, and bearing mainly
+south and north, falling off on both sides with high mountains; we could
+not get near it. Whether it was a mainland coast or islands only, is
+known to God alone, but from the signs seen at various times I suspect it
+to be a mainland. The compass has one point north-westerly variation
+here; we saw a good deal of sea-weed floating about, and observed
+land-birds up to the 16th degree, both of these being signs of the
+proximity of the mainland. This land is a fit point to be made by ships
+coming here with the eastern monsoon, in order to get a fixed course for
+Java or Sunda Strait; for if you see this land in 21, 22 or 23 degrees,
+and shape your course north-north-west and north-by-west you will make
+the western extremity of Jaeva. I write this as a matter of certainty,
+seeing that we have made the same on a fixed course, and ships following
+this course are sure to find it true. On the 21st do. we saw land, to wit,
+Kleyn Jaevae; we kept off and on during the night, and at daybreak made
+for the land, passing through the strait between Kleyn Jaeva and Baely...
+
+Your  Worships' servant to command
+
+H. CLAESSEN VAN HILLEGOM.
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+IX.
+
+
+(1618). VOYAGE OF THE SHIP MAURITIUS FROM THE NETHERLANDS TO INDIA
+UNDER THE COMMAND OF SUPERCARGO WILLEM JANSZ OR JANSZOON AND SKIPPER
+LENAERT JACOBSZ(OON). FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE WEST-COAST OF
+AUSTRALIA.--WILLEMS-RIVER.
+
+_Letter Of supercargo WILLFM JANSZ(OON) to the Managers of the Amsterdam
+Chamber, Oclober 6, 1618._
+
+A.
+
+Worshipful Wise Provident Discreet Gentlemen,
+
+(Sailed 1000 miles to eastward in in 38 degrees with notable success.)
+
+The present serves only to inform you that on the 8th of June last with
+the ship Mauritius we passed Cape de bon esperence, with strong westerly
+winds, so that we deemed it inadvisable to call at any land, after which
+we ran a thousand miles to eastward in 38 degrees Southern Latitude,
+though we should have wished to go still further east.
+
+{Page 13}
+
+On the 31st of July we discovered an island and landed on the same, where
+we found the marks of human footsteps--on the west-side it extends N.N.E.
+and S.S.W.; it measures 15 miles in length, and its northern extremity is
+in 22° S. Lat. It bears Eendracht S.S.E. and N.N.W. from the south-point
+of Sunda at 240 miles' distance; from there (Eendrachtsland [*])
+through God's grace we safely arrived before Bantam on the 22nd of
+August...
+
+[* This marginal note was made by an official of the East India Company,
+when the letter had reached its destination.]
+
+Done on board the ship 't Wapen van Amsterdam, October 6, 1618.
+
+Your Worships' Obedt. Servant
+
+WILLEM JANSZ.
+
+B.
+
+Worshipful Wise Provident Discreet Gentlemen,
+
+See _the Maps numbered VII, C and D (1616)._
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+X.
+
+
+(1619)? FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE SOUTH-COAST OF NEW-GUINEA BY THE SHIP
+HET WAPEN VAN AMSTERDAM? [*]
+
+_Instructions for Tasman 1644._
+
+...In the interim in the year 1619 the ship 't Wapen van Amsterdam,
+passing Banda on her way thither, was east on the south-coast of Nova
+Guinea where also some of her crew were slain by the barbarian
+inhabitants, so that no certain information respecting the situation of
+the country was obtained...
+
+[* I place a note of interrogation here. The matter is not quite clear.
+For the sake of completeness I mention it here, but without drawing any
+conclusion. On p. 95, note 5 of my "Life of Tasman" in Fred. Muller's
+Tasman publication I say: "Leupe, Zuidland, p. 35, cites a letter sent by
+the Directors to the Gov.-Gen. and Councillors, of Sept. 9, 1620. In this
+letter there is question of the discoveries made by d'Eendracht,
+Zeewolff, _'t Wapen van Amsterdam_, and quite recently by Commanders
+Houtman and D'Edel." When, we may ask, did the ship 't Wapen van
+Amsterdam survey the South-land? There certainly was a ship of that name
+by the side of another vessel, named Amsterdam _pur et simple_. According
+to the Register of departures of vessels of the E.I.C., preserved in the
+State Archives at the Hague, this ship set sail from the Netherlands on
+May 11, 1613. I have found no reliable trace of later date of this
+vessel, and the documents know nothing of any exploration of the
+South-land by her. I am inclined to think that Leupe is mistaken here.
+The letter itself, which is contained in the copying-book of letters,
+preserved in the State Archives, has suffered much from theravages of
+time. Between the words "Zeewolff" and "Amsterdam" the paper has suffered
+so much that nothing is left of the intervening letters. L. C. D. Van
+Dijk, in his Mededeelingen uit het Oost-Indisch archief. Amsterdam,
+_Scheltema_, 1859 p. 2, note 2, has also printed the letter in question.
+He puts the words: "'t Wapen van" in parentheses, in order to denote that
+they are merely conjectural. Leupe may have inadvertently omitted these
+parentheses. Perhaps the original text read: "ende Amsterdam". In this
+case there would have been two times question of Dedel's voyages: once by
+a reference to the ship Amsterdam; and afterwards by mentioning Dedel's
+name itself. I must not however omit to make mention here of what the
+Instructions for Tasman's second voyage, dated January 29, 1644, say
+about an unsuccessful expedition undertaken by the ship 't Wapen van
+Amsterdam to the south coast of New Guinea in 1619.]
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 14}
+
+
+
+XI.
+
+
+(1619). VOYAGE OF THE SHIPS DORDRECHT AND AMSTERDAM UNDER COMMANDER
+FREDERIK DE HOUTMAN, SUPERCARGO JACOB DEDEL, AND SKIPPERS REYER JANSZOON
+VAN BUIKSLOOT AND MAARTEN CORNELISZOON(?), FROM THE NETHERLANDS TO THE
+EAST-INDIES.--FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA:
+DEDELSLAND AND HOUTMAN'S ABROLHOS.
+
+A.
+
+_Letter of Commander_ FREDERIK DE HUTMAN _to Prince Alaurice, October 7,
+1619._
+
+Most Noble Highborn Prince,
+
+Most Highborn Prince, my last letter to Your Princely Excellency was
+dated May the 20th last from the Taefelbay near Cabo de bonne esperance
+with the ship Anna from England...
+
+Now as regards my subsequent progress I would inform Your Excellency that
+on the 8th of June we set sail from the Tafelbay with a fair wind with
+the ships Dordrecht and Amsterdam, add that on the 19th of July following
+we suddenly came upon the Southland of Beach [*] in 32 degrees 20
+minutes. We spent a few days there in order to get some knowledge of the
+same, but the inconvenience of being unable to make a landing, together
+with the heavy gales, prevented us from effecting our purpose, upon which
+shaping our course for Java, we got sight of the same on the 19th of
+August, and arrived safely before Jacatra on the 3rd of September...
+
+[* Though De Houtman knew of the discovery of Eendrachtsland (see
+_infra_), he still uses the name Beach; which clearly proves that in the
+early part of the seventeenth century the Netherlanders identified the
+discovered South-land with the mysterious land of Beach.]
+
+From Jacatra, this seventh of October, A.D. 1619.
+
+(Signed)
+
+Your Excellency's most devoted Servant
+
+FREDERICK HOUTMAN.
+
+B.
+
+_Letter of_ FREDERIK DE HOUTMAN _to the Managers of the E.I.C., October
+7, 1619._
+
+Most Noble Wise Provident Very Discreet Gentlemn,
+
+My last letter to Your Worships was dated May 20th from the Tafelbay...We
+next sailed from the Tafelbay with the ships Dordrecht and Amsterdam on
+June the 8th...
+
+We ran on with a fair north-west wind as far as 36° 30', in which
+latitude we kept this steady breeze with us up to the 17th of July, when
+we estimated ourselves to have sailed straight to eastward the space of a
+thousand miles. We observed 16° decreasing north-westerly variation of
+the compass, and resolved to steer...on a north-east-by-north course,
+{Page 15} we then being in 35° 25' Southern Latitude. After keeping the
+aforesaid course for about 60 miles, in the evening of the 19th we
+suddenly saw land, which we steered away from. On the 20th we found it to
+be a mainland coast extending South and North. We resolved to use our
+utmost endeavours to obtain some knowledge of this coast, which seemed to
+be a very good land, but could find no spot for conveniently landing
+owing to the surf and the heavy seas. On the 23rd both the Amsterdam and
+our ship lost an anchor each, since our cables were broken by the strong
+gale. We kept near the coast till the 28th of July, but owing to the
+violent storm could not effect a landing, so that we were forced to leave
+the land aforesaid, not without imminent danger of being thrown on it by
+the strong gale.
+
+On the 28th we sighted a cape of the said coast, off which we sounded in
+from 45 to 70 fathom, but shortly after we got no bottom, and in the
+evening the land was out of sight.
+
+On the 29th do. deeming ourselves to be in an open sea, we shaped our
+course north-by-east. At noon we were in 29° 32' S. Lat.; at night about
+three hours before daybreak, we again unexpectedly came upon a low-lying
+coast, a level, broken country with reefs all round it. We saw no high
+land or mainland, so that this shoal is to be carefully avoided as very
+dangerous to ships that wish to touch at this coast. It is fully ten
+miles in length, lying in 28° 46.
+
+On the 2nd of August, the wind becoming contrary, we turned our course
+eastward at noon we again sighted a long stretch of land in Lat. 27° 40'
+South. We are all assured that this is the land which the ship Eendracht
+discovered and made in the year [*], and noways doubt that all the land
+they saw in 22, 23, 25 degrees, and which we sighted down to 33 degrees,
+is one uninterrupted mainland coast.
+
+[* Left blank.]
+
+When in 26° 20' we were in sight of the land, we had 8 degrees decreasing
+northwesterly variation of the compass. We then shaped our course north
+and north by west, which leaves it due north, if the variation is
+deducted. On the 29th of August we made the south-coast of Java, 60 miles
+to eastward of the western extremity of the said island, so that if you
+are near this South-land in 23, 24 or 25 degrees S. Lat., and shape your
+course north by west, which deducting the variation is due
+north-north-west, you will strike the coast of Java [*] miles to eastward
+of its south-western extremity. Therefore, in order to have a fixed
+course from the Cape to Java, it is advisable to set sail from the Cape
+de bonne Esperance in June or July, and to run on an eastern course in 36
+and 37 degrees Southern Latitude, until you estimate yourself to have
+covered a thousand miles to eastward, after which you had better shape
+your course north and north by east, until you get into 26 or 27 degrees,
+thus shunning the shoal aforesaid which lies off the South-land in 28°
+46'.
+
+[* Left blank.]
+
+When you have reached the 26th or 27th degree, run eastward until you
+come in sight of the South-land, and then, as before mentioned, from
+there hold your course north by west and north-north-west, and you are
+sure to make the western extremity of Java, as shown in the annexed small
+chart [*], which I have drawn up for the better assurance. This
+South-land, as far as we could judge, seems to be a very fair coast, but
+we found it impossible to land on it, nor have we seen any smoke or signs
+of inhabitants there; but further investigation is wanted on this point.
+
+[* Not forthcoming.]
+
+On the 25th of August we got into Sonda Strait...
+
+In the fortress of Jacatra, October 7, 1619.
+Your Worships' obedient servant
+FREDERICK HOUTMAN.
+
+{Page 16}
+
+C.
+
+_Letter of Supercargo_ JACOB DEDEL _to the Managers of the E.I.C.,
+October 7, 1619._
+
+Worshipful Wise Provident Gentlemen,
+
+My last letter to you was dated May 20 last, in which I informed you of
+my arrival at Cabo de bonne Esperance..., where I found Commander
+Houtman...
+
+On the first of June I was ready to set sail for Bantam from Cabo de
+bonne Esperance but contrary winds prevented my putting to sea before
+June 8th, when I sailed in company with the Hon. Houtman, pursuant to a
+resolution of the Plenary Council. The ships were found to have nearly
+the same sailing powers, so that we constantly remained in each other's
+company. After having had plenty of westerly, south westerly and
+southerly winds in 35, 36 and 37 degrees Southern Latitude, with
+occasional stiff breezes, we safely made the required distance to
+eastward, and on the 19th of July last came upon the south-lands situated
+behind Java. We anchored in 14 fathom in 32Ω degrees latitude, the bottom
+being level and hard; in full sight of the land the sea was 100 fathom
+deep, the coast being steep and mountainous, the interior uniformly high,
+of which I append a map. We used our best endeavours to make a landing,
+which, however, could not conveniently be done owing to the steep coast,
+whereupon we resolved to run a little more north, where the coast seemed
+easier of access; but the wind steadily blowing very stiffly from the
+north under the land, and the tide coming in from the south, we spent a
+good deal of time in tacking, until a sudden squall from the west, which
+made the coast a lee-shore and made us lose one of our anchors, threatened
+to throw us on the coast. We then made all sail, and the wind coming
+round a little, we stood out to sea, not deeming it advisable to continue
+longer inshore in this bad weather with such large heavy ships and such
+costly cargoes as we had entrusted to our care, and with great peril to
+lose more precious time, but being contented with having seen the land
+which at a more favourable time may be further explored with more fitting
+vessels and smaller craft. We have seen no signs of inhabitants, nor did
+we always keep near the coast, since it formed large bays which would
+have taken up much time. Still we kept seeing the coast from time to
+time, until in 27 degrees we came upon the land discovered by the ship
+Eendracht, which land in the said latitude showed as a red, muddy coast,
+which according to the surmises of some of us might not unlikely prove to
+be gold-bearing, a point which may be cleared up in time.
+
+Leaving the 27th degree, we shaped our course north and north by west,
+until on the 19th of August we struck the island of Java 70 miles to
+eastward of its western extremity...after which we arrived in Sunda
+Caleppe Strait on the 23rd of the same month...
+
+This 7th day of October, 1619.
+
+On board the ship Amsterdam at anchor before our fortress of Jacatra.
+Your Worships' Servant, JACOB DEDEL.
+
+{Page 17}
+
+D.
+
+_Maps of Hessel Gerritsz, numbered VII C and D. (1616)._
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XII.
+
+
+(1622). VOYAGE OF THE SHIP LEEUWIN FROM THE NETHERLANDS TO
+JAVA.--DISCOVERY OF THE SOUTH-WEST COAST OF AUSTRALIA.--LEEUWIN'S LAND.
+
+A.
+
+_Chart of Hessel Gerritsz, VII C (1616)._
+
+I print such of the legends of this chart as refer to the results of this
+expedition:
+
+"Duynich landt boven met boomen ende boseage.
+Laegh ghelijck verdroncken landt.
+'t Landt van de Leeuwin beseylt Ao 1622 in Maert [*]. Laegh duynich landt."
+[Dunes with trees and underwood at top.--Low land seemingly submerged (by
+the tide).--Land made by the ship Leeuwin in March, 1622.--Low land with
+dunes].
+
+[* The ship Lecuwin had set sail from the Netherlands on April 20, 1621,
+and arrived at Batavia May 15, 1622, after a very long voyage, of which
+the G.-G. and Counc. did not fail to complain.]
+
+B.
+
+_Instructions for Tasman 1644._
+
+...likewise, during the same period in the years 1616, 1618, 1619 and
+1622, the west coast of the great unknown South-land from 35 to 22
+degrees was unexpectedly and accidentally discovered by the ships
+d'Eendracht, Mauritius, Amsterdam, Dordrecht and Leeuwin, coming from the
+Netherlands...
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XIII.
+
+
+(1622). THE TRIALL (ENGLISH DISCOVERY).--THE SHIP WAPEN VAN HOORN
+TOUCHES AT THE WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA. NEW PROJECTS FOR DISCOVERY MADE
+BY THE SUPREME GOVERNMENT AT BATAVIA.
+
+A.
+
+_Letter from the G.-G. and Counc. to the Managers of the E.I.C.,
+September 6, 1622._
+
+...On the 5th of July there arrived here [*] a boat with ten men forming
+part of the crew of an English ship, named the Triall, and on the 8th do.
+her pinnace with 36 men. They state that they have lost and abandoned
+their ship with 97 men and {Page 18} the cargo she had taken in, on
+certain rocks situated in Latitude 20° 10' South, in the longitude of the
+western extremity of Java. These rocks are near a number of broken
+islands, lying very far apart, South-east and North-west, at 30 miles'
+distance northwest of a certain island which in our charts is laid down
+in 22° S. Lat. [**]. The said ship Triall ran on these rocks in the
+night-time in fine weather, without having seen land, and since the heavy
+swells caused the ship to run aground directly, so that it got filled
+with water, the 46 persons aforementioned put off from her in the
+greatest disorder with the boat and pinnace each separately, leaving 97
+persons in the ship; whose fate is known to God alone. The boat and
+pinnace aforesaid arrived here each separately, without knowing of each
+other.
+
+[* Batavia.]
+
+[** See, for instance, the chart of Hessel Gerritsz: VII C (1616).]
+
+The ship 't Wapen van Hoorn [*] has also been in extreme peril; at night
+in a hard wind she got so near the land of d'Eendracht or the South-land
+of Java that she was in 6 fathom before they saw land, which they could
+noways put off from, so that they ran on it. But shortly after the storm
+abating, they got the landwind, and came off safe, for which the Lord be
+praised.
+
+[* She sailed from the Texel, December 22, 1621, and arrived at Batavia,
+July 22, 1622.]
+
+The ships Amsterdam and Dordrecht [*] likewise got into great peril near
+the land just mentioned in the year 1619. Whereas it is necessary that
+ships, in order to hasten their arrival, should run on an eastward course
+for about 1000 miles from the Cape de Bona Esperance between 40 and 30
+degrees Southern Latitude, it is equally necessary that great caution
+should be used and the best measures taken in order to avoid such
+accidents as befell the English ship Triall. They say that they met with
+this accident through following the course of our ships; that they intend
+to dissuade their countrymen from imitating their example, and that their
+masters are sure to take other measures accordingly.
+
+[* See _supra_, p. 10.]
+
+For the further discovery of the lands aforesaid we intend, in conformity
+with your orders, to send a ship thither as soon as practicable, for
+which purpose we have selected the yacht Hazewint [*]. May God Almighty
+preserve all your worships' ships from accidents and bring them safe to
+port...
+
+[* See _infra_.]
+
+B.
+
+_Instructions for the yachts Haringh and Hasewint having destination
+jointly to discover and explore the South-land, September 29, 1622._
+
+Inasmuch as Our Masters ["Heeren Majores"] earnestly enjoin us to
+dispatch hence certain yachts for the purpose of making discovery of the
+South-land; and since moreover experience has taught, by great perils
+incurred by sundry of our ships--but specially by the late miscarrying of
+the English ship Triali on the said coast--the urgent necessity of
+obtaining a full and accurate knowledge of the true bearing and
+conformation of the said land, that further accidents may henceforth be
+prevented as much as possible; besides this, seeing that is highly
+desirable that an investigation should be made to ascertain whether the
+regions or any part of the same are inhabited, and whether any trade
+might with them be established.
+
+_Therefore_, for the purpose before mentioned, we have resolved to fit
+out the yachts Haringh and Hasewint for undertaking the said voyage, and
+for ascertaining as much of the situation and nature of these regions as
+God Almighty shall vouchsafe to allow them.
+
+{Page 19}
+
+You will accordingly set sail from here together, run out of Sunda
+Strait, and steer your course for the South-land from the western
+extremity of Java, keeping as close to the wind as you will find at all
+possible, that by so doing you may avoid being driven too far westward by
+the South-easterly winds which generally blow in those waters. You may
+therefore run on as far as the 32nd or 33rd degree, if you do not fall in
+with land before that latitude; having got so far without seeing land,
+you may conclude that you have fallen off too far to westward, for sundry
+ships coming from the Netherlands have accidentally come upon the
+South-land in this latitude; you will in this case have to turn your
+course to eastward, and run on in this direction until you sight land.
+
+In running over to the _South-land_ aforesaid, you will have to keep a
+careful lookout, as soon as you get in 14 or 15 degrees, seeing that the
+English ship Trial before mentioned got aground in 20° 10' Southern
+Latitude on certain sunken rocks, bearing north-east and south-west for a
+length Of 7 miles, according to the observation of the English pilot, but
+without having seen any mainland thereabouts. But the men who saved
+themselves in the pinnace and the boat, and thus arrived here, deposed
+that in the latitude of 13 or 14 degrees they had seen sundry pieces of
+wood and cane, and branches of trees floating about, from which they
+concluded that there must be land or islands near there. The _sunken
+rocks_ aforesaid on which the _Triall_ was wrecked, were exactly south of
+the western extremity of _Java_ according to the statements made by the
+English sailors.
+
+When you shall have come upon the _South-land_ in the said latitude or
+near it, you will skirt the coast of the same as far as Latitude 50°, in
+case the land should extend so far southward; but if the land should fall
+off before you have reached the said latitude, and should be found to
+trend eastward, you will follow its eastern extension for some time, and
+finding no further extension to southward, you will not proceed farther
+east, but turn back. You will do the same if you should find the land to
+turn to westward. In returning you will run along the coast as far as it
+extends to northward, next proceeding on an eastern course or in such
+wise as you shall find the land to extend: in which manner you will
+follow the coast as close inshore and as long as you shall find
+practicable, and as you deem your victuals and provisions to be
+sufficient for the return-voyage, even if in so doing you should sail
+round the whole land and emerge to southward.
+
+The main object for which you are dispatched on this occasion, is, that
+from 45 or 50 degrees, or from the farthest point to which the land shall
+be found to extend southward within these latitudes, up to the
+northernmost extremity of the South-land, you will have to discover and
+survey all capes, forelands, bights, lands, islands, rocks, reefs,
+sandbanks, depths, shallows, roads, winds, currents and all that
+appertains to the same, so as to be able to map out and duly mark
+everything in its true latitude, longitude, bearings and conformation.
+You will moreover go ashore in various places and diligently examine the
+coast in order to ascertain whether or no it is inhabited, the nature of
+the land and the people, their towns and inhabited villages, the
+divisions of their kingdoms, their religion and policy, their wars, their
+rivers, the shape of their vessels, their fisheries, commodities and
+manufactures, but specially to inform yourselves what minerals, such as
+gold, silver, tin, iron, lead, and copper, what precious stones, pearls,
+vegetables, animals and fruits, these lands yield and produce.
+
+{Page 20}
+
+To all which particulars and whatever else may be worth noting, you will
+pay diligent attention, keeping a careful record or daily journal of the
+same, that we may get full information of all your doings and
+experiences, and the Company obtain due and perfect knowledge of the
+situation and natural features of these regions, in return for the heavy
+expenses to which she is put by this expedition.
+
+To all the places which you shall touch at, you will give appropriate
+names such as in each instance the case shall seem to require, choosing
+for the same either the names of the United Provinces or of the towns
+situated therein, or any other appellations that you may deem fitting and
+worthy. Of all which places, lands and islands, the commander and
+officers of these yachts, by order and pursuant to the commission of the
+Worshipful Governor-General Jan Pieterszoon Coen, sent out to India by
+their High Mightinesses the States-General of the United Netherlands, and
+by the Lords Managers of the General Chartered United East India Company
+established in the same, will, by solemn declaration signed by the ships'
+councils, take formal possession, and in sign thereof, besides, erect a
+stone column in such places as shall be taken possession of; the said
+column recording in bold, legible characters the year, the month, the day
+of the week and the date, the persons by whom and the hour of the day
+when such possession has been taken on behalf of the States-General above
+mentioned. You will likewise endeavour to enter into friendly relations
+and make covenants with all such kings and nations as you shall happen to
+fall in with, and try to prevail upon them to place themselves under the
+protection of the States of the United Netherlands, of which covenants
+and alliances you will likewise cause proper documents to be drawn up and
+signed.
+
+All such lands, islands, etc. as you shall take possession of in the
+fashion aforesaid, you will duly mark in the chart in their true
+latitude, longitude and bearings, together with the names newly conferred
+on the same.
+
+In virtue of the oath of allegiance which each of you generally and
+personally has sworn to the Lords States-General, to His Princely
+Highness and the Lords Managers, none of you shall be allowed to retain
+for his private use or to abstract any written documents, journals,
+drawings or observations touching this present expedition, but every one
+of you shall be bound on his return hither faithfully to deliver up the
+same without exception.
+
+According to the written statements of Jan Huygen [*], and the opinion of
+sundry other persons, certain parts of this South-land are likely to
+yield gold, a point into which you will inquire as carefully as possible.
+
+[* _Scil_. Van Linschoten.]
+
+For the purpose of making a trial we have given orders for various
+articles to be put on board your ships, such as ironmongery, cloths,
+coast-stuffs [*] and linens; which you will show and try to dispose of to
+such natives as you may meet with, always diligently noting what articles
+are found to be most in demand, what quantities might be disposed of, and
+what might be obtained in exchange for them; we furthermore hand you
+samples of gold, silver, copper, iron, lead and pearls, that you may
+inquire whether these articles are known to the natives, and might be
+obtained there in any considerable quantity.
+
+[* i. e. drawn from the Coast of Coromandel.]
+
+In landing anywhere you will use extreme caution, and never go ashore or
+into the interior unless well-armed, trusting no one, however innocent
+the natives may be {Page 21} in appearance, and with whatever kindness
+they may seem to receive you, being always ready to stand on the
+defensive, in order to prevent sudden traitorous surprises, the like of
+which, sad to say, have but too often been met with in similar cases. And
+if any natives should come hear your ships, you will likewise take due
+care that they suffer no molestation from our men.
+
+When you get near the northern extremity and the east coast of the
+South-land, you will diligently inquire whether it yields anywhere
+sandal-wood, nutmegs, cloves or other spices; likewise whether it has any
+good harbours and fertile tracts, where it would be possible to establish
+settlements, which might be expected to yield satisfactory returns. In a
+word, you will suffer nothing to escape your notice, but carefully
+scrutinise whatever you find, and give us a full and proper report on
+your return, by doing which you will render good service to the United
+Netherlands and reap special honour for yourselves.
+
+In places where you meet with natives, you will either by adroit
+management or by other means endeavour to get hold of a number of
+full-grown persons, or better still, of boys and girls, to the end that
+the latter may be brought up here and be turned to useful purpose in the
+said quarters when occasion shall serve.
+
+The command of the two yachts has been entrusted to Jan Vos, who during
+the voyage will carry the flag, convene the council and take the chair in
+the same, in virtue of our special commission granted to the said Vos for
+the purpose.
+
+Given in the Fortress of jacatra, this 29th of September, A.D. 1622 [*].
+
+[* Unforeseen circumstances prevented the expedition from setting out
+(Letter of the G.-G. and Counc. to the Managers, 1 Febr. 1623).]
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XIV.
+
+
+(1623). VOYAGE OF THE SHIPS PERA AND ARNHEM, UNDER COMMAND OF JAN
+CARSTENSZOON OR CARSTENSZ, DIRK MELISZOON, AND WILLEM JOOSTEN VAN COLSTER
+[*] OR VAN COOLSTEERDT.--FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE SOUTH-WEST COAST OF NEW
+GUINEA. DISCOVERY OF THE GULF OF CARPENTARIA.
+
+[* He replaced Meliszoon after the latter's death in February.]
+
+I.
+
+JOINT VOYAGE OF THE TWO SHIPS.--VOYAGE OF THE PERA BY HERSELF UNDER
+CARSTENSZ, AFTER THE ARNHEM HAD PARTED COMPANY WITH HER [*].
+
+[* This took place on April 27.]
+
+A.
+
+_Letter of the G.-G. and Counc. to the Managers of the E.I.C, dated
+January 3, 1624._
+
+...In the month of January 1623, Governor Van Speult dispatched from
+Amboina the yachts Arnhem and Pera, for the purpose of concluding
+treaties of friend ship with the natives of Quey, Aroe and Tenimber, and
+of further discovering and {Page 22} exploring the land of Nova Guinea;
+as Your Worships may gather from the enclosed document, the islanders
+aforesaid have of their own free will placed themselves under the
+obedience and dominion of their High Mightinesses the States-General of
+the United Netherlands, and have promised to come and trade with our
+fortresses in Banda and Amboyna. From there the yachts ran over to Nova
+Guinea and skirted the said coast as far as 17° 8' Southern Latitude our
+men landed in sundry places, but found nothing but wild coasts, barren
+land and extremely cruel, savage and barbarous natives, who surprised and
+murdered nine of our men, partly owing to their own negligence; according
+to the report we have received of the said coast, there would be nothing
+in particular to be got there; what winds, currents, shores, rivers,
+bights, capes, forelands and other features of the coast have been
+further met with, surveyed and explored, Your Worships may gather from
+the enclosed journal and minutes, to which we would beg leave to refer
+you for further particulars...
+
+B.
+
+_Journal kept by JAN CARSTENSZ [*] on his voyage to Nova Guinea..._
+
+[* CARSTENSZ got the Instructions originally drawn up for the ships
+Haringh and Hazewind. (See VAN DIJK, Carpentaria, pp. 9-10).]
+
+A.D. 1623.
+
+_In the name of God Amen._
+
+JANUARY.
+
+On Saturday the 21st we weighed anchor before Amboyna and set sail from
+there, together with the yacht Aernem...On Saturday the 28th...about 3
+o'clock in the afternoon...we anchored off the east side of the island of
+Quey.
+
+The following night...we made for Aro on an East-by-North and Eastern
+course.
+
+On Saturday the 29th in the evening we dropped anchor near the northern
+island of Aro.
+
+FEBRUARY.
+
+On the 6th...the wind being south-east by east, we set sail again for the
+island which in some charts [*] is called Ceram, and in others de Papues;
+course held north-east by north; in the evening N.N.E.; about midnight it
+fell a calm; sailed 6 miles.
+
+[* Cf. _Remarkable Maps_ II, 2, II, 3. Under date of March 31 the present
+journal once more refers to this mistake in the older charts.]
+
+{Page 23}
+
+In the morning of the 6th the wind was N.E. with a tolerable breeze,
+course held N.N.W., we saw high land ahead both on the lee and the
+weather bow--at noon latitude 4° 57', sailed three miles on the said
+course; for the rest of the day we had a calm, towards the evening the
+wind went round to S.E., course held N.E. by E., sailed 4 miles.
+
+On Sunday the 8th the wind was S. by W., with rain; course held N.E. by
+E., at noon latitude 4° 27, sailed 4 miles on the said course. We then
+went on a N.E. course, with a variable wind, which at last fell to a
+calm; towards evening after sunset the wind turned to S. by E., we sailed
+with the fore- and mizen-sails only on an E. course, sailed three miles
+to E.S.O. [sic] In the night the two yachts ran foul of each other in
+tacking, but got no damage worth mentioning. The latter part of the night
+we drifted in a calm without sails until daybreak.
+
+In the morning of the 9th we made sail again and with a weak N.E. wind
+held our course for the land: somewhat later in the day the wind turned
+to N.W., at noon we were in latitude 4° 17' and had the south-coast of
+the land east slightly north of us, course and wind as before; in the
+evening we were close inshore in 25 fathom clayey ground, but since there
+was no shelter there from sea-winds, we again turned off the land, and
+skirted along it in the night with small sail, seeing we had no knowledge
+of the land and the shallows thereabouts; variable wind with rain.
+
+* * *
+
+NOTE.
+
+The same day the plenary council having been convened, it was determined
+and fixed by formal resolution to continue our present course along the
+coast, and if we should come upon any capes, bights, or roads, to come to
+anchor there for one or two days at the utmost for a landing, in which we
+shall run ashore in good order with two well-manned and armed pinnaces,
+to endeavour to come to parley with the inhabitants and generally inspect
+the state of affairs there; in leaving we shall, if at all practicable,
+seize one or two blacks to take along with us; the main reason which has
+led us to touch at the island aforesaid being, that certain reports and
+writings seem to imply that the land which we are now near to, is the
+Gouwen-eylandt [*], which it would be impossible to call at on our
+return-voyage in the eastern monsoon, if we are to obey our orders and
+instructions.
+
+[* An allusion perhaps to the "provincia aurifera", as the so-called
+Beach was sometimes styled; VAN LINSCHOTEN,  we know, had also surmised
+the presence of gold in the South-land.]
+
+* * *
+
+In the morning of the 10th, the wind being N.W. by north, being close
+inshore, we again held our course for the land; somewhat later in the day
+we had West wind with a hard gale, with which we sailed along the coast;
+about noon we cast anchor in 12 fathom clayey bottom without any shelter
+from the W.N.W. wind; when we were at anchor there, the pinnace of the
+Pera, in conformity with the above resolution was sent ashore well-manned
+and armed, under command of the sub-cargo, but the heavy rolling of the
+sea made it impossible to effect a landing. We accordingly made a man
+swim ashore through the surf, who deposited a few small pieces of iron on
+the beach, where he had observed numerous human footprints; but as
+nothing more could be done, the pinnace went back to the yacht, which we
+could not get round to eastward owing to the strong current; we were
+accordingly forced to weigh the anchor again, and drift with the current,
+and thus ran on along the coast till the first watch, when we cast
+anchor, it being a dead calm and we having no knowledge of the water.
+
+In the morning of the 11th we took the sun's altitude, which we found to
+be 8°, we being in 14° 14', which makes a difference of 6° 14'. When we
+had sailed along the land for about a mile's distance we cast anchor in 9
+fathom muddy bottom and sent the pinnace ashore in the same fashion as
+last time, but earnestly charged the subcargo to use great caution, and
+to treat with kindness any natives that he should meet {Page 24} with,
+trying if possible to lay hands on some of them, that through them, as
+soon as they have become somewhat conversant with the Malay tongue, our
+Lords and Masters may obtain reliable knowledge touching the productions
+of their land. At noon we were in Latitude 4° 20'; at night when our men
+returned with the pinnace, they informed us that the strong surf had
+prevented them from landing, and that they had accordingly, for fully two
+miles' distance, rowed up a fresh-water river which fell into the sea
+near the yacht, without, however, seeing or hearing any human beings,
+except that in returning they had seen numerous human footprints near the
+mouth of the river, and likewise two or three small huts made of dry
+grass, in which they saw banana-leaves and the sword of a sword-fish, all
+which they left intact in conformity with their orders; they also
+reported that the interior is very low-lying and submerged in many
+places, but that 5, 6, or 7 miles from the coast it becomes hilly, much
+resembling the island of Ceram near Banda.
+
+* * *
+
+NOTE.
+
+(The skipper of the Arnem and nine persons along with him, slain by the
+savages, in consequence of their want of caution.)
+
+This same day the skipper of the yacht Aernem, Direk Melisz(oon) without
+knowledge of myself, of the subcargo or steersman of the said yacht,
+unadvisedly went ashore to the open beach in the pinnace, taking with him
+15 persons, both officers and along common sailors, and no more than four
+muskets, for the purpose of fishing with a seine-net; there was great
+disorder in landing, the men running off in different directions, until
+at last a number of black savages came running forth from the wood, who
+first seized and tore to pieces an assistant, named Jan Willemsz Van den
+Briel who happened to be unarmed, after which they slew with arrows,
+callaways (spears) and with the oars which they had snatched from the
+pinnace, no less than nine of our men, who were unable to defend
+themselves, at the same time wounding the remaining seven (among them the
+skipper, who was the first to take to his heels); these last seven men at
+last returned on board in very sorry plight with the pinnace and one oar,
+the skipper loudly lamenting his great want of prudence, and entreating
+pardon for the fault he had committed.
+
+* * *
+
+In the evening the wind West with a very stiff breeze, so that we did not
+sail in the night, considering our ignorance of these waters and our fear
+of cliffs and shallows that might lie off the coast, which in every case
+we had to keep near to, if we wanted to get further north.
+
+On Sunday morning the 12th we set sail again with a stiff breeze from the
+west; we held our course E. by S. along the land, and sailed 14 miles
+that day; in the evening we altered our course to E.S.E., with a N.W.
+wind; in the night we had variable wind and weather, so that we kept
+drifting; in the day-watch the skipper of the Aernem, Direk Melisz., died
+of the wounds received the day before, having suffered grievous pains
+shortly before his death.
+
+In the morning of the thirteenth the wind was N.E. with fair weather and
+little wind, so that we ran near the land again; at noon we were in Lat.
+4° 25'; the wind West with a very stiff breeze, course held East by
+South, and by computation sailed 10 miles until the evening; in the night
+the wind was variable; towards daybreak it came on to rain; at 2Ω miles'
+distance from the low-lying land we were in 28 fathom, black sandy
+bottom, the land bearing East and West.
+
+In the morning of the 14th the wind was East with a faint breeze, which
+continued for the rest of the day; we kept tacking; in the evening the
+wind was N.E. by N. with a very strong current setting westward.
+
+{Page 25}
+
+On the 15th before daybreak the wind was N. by W. with a stiff breeze,
+course held East by South; in the morning we took the sun's altitude at
+sunrise, which we found to be 7 degrees; at night ditto 21° 30'; the
+difference being divided by two comes to 7° 15'; somewhat later in the
+day, the wind being N.E. by N., we were five miles or upwards from the
+land in 33 fathom, drifting rapidly to westward; at noon we were in Lat.
+4° 51', the wind W. by N.; course held N.E. by E. towards the land;
+shortly after the wind became due North; from the morning to the evening
+we had sailed 6 miles, and in 36 hours had been driven back, i.e.
+westward, at least 11 miles.
+
+This same day the plenary council having been convened, it has been
+deemed advisable to appoint another skipper in the Aernem in the room of
+the deceased, to which place has been appointed a young man, named Willem
+Joosten van Colster [*] second mate in the Pera, as being very fit for
+the post, while at the same time the second mate Jan Jansz has been named
+first mate in the said yacht.
+
+[* Or Van Coolsteerdt, as the Summary (see _infra_) has at this date.]
+
+(Mountains covered with snow.)
+
+In the morning of the 16th we took the sun's altitude at sunrise, which
+we found to be 5° 6'; the preceding evening ditto 20° 30'; the difference
+being divided by two Comes to 7° 42'. increasing North-easterly
+variation; the wind N. by E.; we were at about 1Ω mile's distance from
+the low-lying land in 5 or 6 fathom, clayey bottom; at a distance of
+about 10 miles by estimation into the interior, we saw a very high
+mountain-range in many places white with snow, which we thought a very
+singular sight, being so near the line equinoctial. Towards the evening
+we held our course E. by S. along half-submerged land in 5, 4, 3 and 2
+fathom, at which last point we dropped anchor; we lay there for five
+hours, during which time we found the water to have risen 4 or 5 feet; in
+the first watch, the wind being N.E., we ran into deeper water, and came
+to anchor in 10 fathom, where we remained for the night.
+
+In the morning of the 17th the wind was N.E. with a faint breeze with
+which we set sail, course held S.E.; at noon we were in Lat. 5° 24', and
+by estimation 5 miles more to eastward than on the 15th last, seeing that
+a very strong current had driven us fully 11 miles to westward; in the
+evening we found ourselves at 3 miles' distance from the land, and
+dropped anchor in 15 fathom, having in the course of the day sailed three
+miles E. by S. and E.S.E.
+
+In the morning of the 18th the wind was N.E. with a strong breeze and a
+strong current setting to the west; in the afternoon the wind went round
+to the S.W., so that we meant to set sail with it, but as it fell a dead
+calm we had to remain at anchor.
+
+In the morning of the 19th the wind was N.E. by N., so that we made sail,
+keeping an E.S.E. course along the coast, with a strong current setting
+westward; at noon we were in Lat. 5° 27'; it then fell calm and we had
+continual counter-currents, so that we cast anchor in 14 fathom, having
+sailed 2Ω miles; the land bearing from us E.S.E., slightly South; towards
+the evening the wind went round to S.S.W., so that we set sail again and
+ran on S.E. 1 mile; when it became dark we cast anchor in 6 fathom.
+
+At noon on the 20th the wind was S. and shortly after S.W., with which we
+set sail, keeping our course E. by S. and S.O. along the land in 6
+fathom; in the evening we cast anchor at about 3 miles' distance from the
+land, having sailed 5 miles this day.
+
+{Page 26}
+
+On the 21st the wind was N.E. by N. with a weak breeze and the current
+running south straight from the land, which is no doubt owing to the
+outflow of the rivers which take their source in the high mountains of
+the interior. The eastern part of the high land, which we could see, bore
+from us N.E. and N.E. by N; in the morning we set sail with a N.W. wind
+and fair weather course held S.E. by E. and S.E. for three miles, and
+then S.S.E. for five miles; in the evening we dropped anchor in 7 fathom
+about 3 miles from the land, the wind blowing hard from the west with
+violent rains.
+
+In the morning of the 22nd the wind was N., a strong gale with rain and a
+strong current setting westward, so that we were compelled to remain at
+anchor; towards the evening the wind went round to W.S.W., with dirty
+weather, so that we got adrift by our anchor getting loose, upon which we
+dropped our large anchor to avoid stranding; in the afternoon the storm
+subsided and we had variable winds.
+
+In the morning of the 23rd we set sail, course held S.E. with a S.W. wind
+and violent rains; when we had run a mile, the heavy swells forced us to
+drop anchor; in the afternoon we lifted anchor with great difficulty and
+peril owing to the violent rolling of the yacht, and set sail, but
+shortly after, the yacht Aernem making a sign with her flag that she
+could not manage to heave her anchor, we cast anchor again.
+
+In the morning of the 24th the weather was unruly, with a W. wind and a
+very hollow sea; in the afternoon the weather getting slightly better,
+both the yachts set sail again with the wind as before, holding a S. by
+E. course; in the evening we dropped anchor in 14 fathom, having sailed 4
+miles S.S.E., and found the land to extend E.S.E. ever since the 20th
+instant.
+
+In the morning of the 25th we set sail with a N.N.W. wind, sailing 4
+miles on an E.S.E. course, and then 5 miles on a S. by E. and S.S.E.
+course, after which the foretop-mast of the Aernem broke, so that we were
+both compelled to drop anchor in 10 fathom about 4 miles from the land.
+
+In the morning of the 26th we set sail to get near the Aernem and speak
+to her crew, who were engaged in repairing the rigging and replacing the
+foremast; we both drifted with the current in the teeth of the wind, and
+thus ran 3 miles, when the Aernem cast anchor 1Ω mile from us on the
+weather-side; in the evening there was a strong current from the W.S.W.
+with rain, which lasted the whole night.
+
+* * *
+
+NOTE.
+
+(Here end the mountains of the western extremity of Nova Guinea.)
+
+The high-lying interior of Ceram ends here, without showing any opening
+or passage (through which we might run north according to our plan), and
+passes into low-lying half-submerged land, bearing E.S.E. and S.E. by E.,
+extending in all likelihood as far as Nova Guinea, a point which with
+God's help we mean to make sure of at any cost; on coming from Aru to the
+island of Ceram, the latter is found to have a low-lying foreland
+dangerous to touch at, since at 6, 8 and 9 miles' distance from the same,
+the lofty mountains of the interior become visible, the low foreland
+remaining invisible until one has got within 3 or 4 miles from the land;
+the high mountains are seen to extend fully thirty miles to eastward,
+when you are north of Aru; as seen from afar, the land seems to have
+numerous pleasant valleys and running fresh-water rivers; here and there
+it is overgrown with brushwood and in other places covered with high
+trees; but we are unable to give any information as to what fruits,
+metals and animals it contains, and as to the manner of its cultivation
+since the natives whom {Page 27} we found to be savages and man-eaters,
+refused to hold parley with us, and fell upon our men who suffered
+grievous damage; after the report, however, of some of the men of the
+yacht Aernem, who being wounded on the 11th aforementioned, succeeded in
+making their escape, the natives are tall black men with curly heads of
+hair and two large holes through their noses, stark naked, not covering
+even their privities; their arms are arrows, bows, assagays, callaways
+and the like. They have no vessels either large or small, nor has the
+coast any capes or bights that might afford shelter from west- and
+south-winds, the whole shore being clear and unencumbered, with a clayey
+bottom, forming a good anchoring-ground, the sea being not above 3, 4, 5,
+6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 fathom in depth at 1, 2 and more miles' distance from
+the land, the rise and fall of the water with the tides we found to be
+between 1Ω and 2 fathom.
+
+* * *
+
+In the morning of the 27th the wind was W.N.W. with dirty weather and a
+very high sea, so that the Aernem was unable so heave her anchor in order
+to get near us, on which account we both of us remained at anchor the
+whole day; towards the evening the weather became much worse with pouring
+rains, so that we dropped another anchor; in the day-watch the cable of
+our large anchor broke without our perceiving it, and the other anchor
+getting loose, we drifted slowly to eastward; the land here extended
+E.S.E. and W.S.W.
+
+In the morning of the 28th the Aernem was no longer in sight, so that we
+resolved to set sail in order to seek her; holding our course S.W., we ran
+on for three miles, after which we saw on our lee land bearing S.W. which
+we would not sail clear of; we therefore dropped anchor in 9 fathom, the
+weather still continuing dirty with rain and wind, and a strong ebb from
+the E.S.E. running flat against the wind; the water rising and falling
+fully two fathom at every tide.
+
+MARCH.
+
+On the first the wind was W. by N. with rain: we find that in these
+latitudes the southern and northern moon makes high water; at noon we
+weighed anchor and drifted with the current, which set strongly to
+westward.
+
+On the second the wind was west with fair weather, with which we found it
+impossible to weather the land; in the evening we were in Lat. 6° 45'.
+
+In the morning of the third the wind was W., with a strong gale and rain;
+at noon we had fair weather so that myself and the council determined to
+set sail on a Northern course in order to seek the yacht Aernem; when we
+had run on the said course for the space of 5 glasses, we saw the said
+yacht N.W. of us, but since the current ran very strong in our teeth, we
+dropped anchor in 10 fathom.
+
+In the morning of the 4th the wind was north, with which we set sail in
+order to get near the Aernem; but when we had sailed for an hour, the
+headwind and counter-current forced us to drop anchor.
+
+The yacht aforesaid, which was lying above the wind and the current, now
+weighed her anchor and dropped the same near the Pera, after which the
+skipper of the Aernern came on board of us in the pinnace, and informed
+me that they had very nearly lost the yacht in the storm before
+mentioned, since all the seas they had shipped had found their way into
+the hold, which got so full of water that the greater part of their rice,
+powder and matches had become wet through; this same day I sent the
+skipper and the steersman of the Pera on board the yacht Aernem in order
+to inquire into her condition, and ascertain whether she was so weak and
+disabled as had been reported to me; since the persons committed reported
+that the yacht was very weak and disabled above the waterline, it has
+been resolved that the main-topmast, which they had already taken down by
+way of precaution, should not be put up again provisionally.
+
+{Page 28}
+
+The same day we set sail again with the wind as before, course held S.W.,
+and after running on for two miles, we cast anchor again in 11 fathom.
+
+In the morning of the 5th we set sail again, with a W. wind; course held
+S.S.W. when we had run on for two miles we got change of weather with
+variable winds, in the evening we came to anchor in 13 fathom...
+
+* * *
+
+On the 6th we set sail again before daybreak, the wind being West; course
+held S.S.W., sailed three miles; about noon, the wind blowing straight
+for the coast, we cast anchor in 5Ω fathom at a mile's distance from the
+coast, and, in conformity with the resolution, fetched a light anchor
+from the yacht Aernem.
+
+(Keerweer, formerly mistaken for island.)
+
+In the morning of the 7th we set sail again, the wind being N.E., course
+held W., in order to get a little farther off the land; when we had run a
+mile, we dropped anchor in 5Ω fathom, and I went ashore myself with two
+well-manned and armed pinnaces, because on the 6th aforesaid we had seen
+4 or 5 canoes making from the land for the yachts; when we got near the
+land we saw a small canoe with three blacks; when we rowed towards them,
+they went back to the land and put one of the three ashore, as we
+supposed, in order to give warning for the natives there to come in great
+numbers and seize and capture our pinnaces; for as soon as we made
+towards them, they tried to draw us on, slowly paddling on towards the
+land; at last the "jurebass"(?) swam to them, with some strings of beads,
+but they refused to admit him; so we made signs and called out to them,
+but they paid little or no attention, upon which we began to pull back to
+the yacht without having effected anything; the blacks or savages seeing
+this, slowly followed us, and when we showed them beads and iron objects,
+they cautiously came near one of our pinnaces; one of the sailors in the
+pinnace inadvertently touching the canoe with one of his oars, the blacks
+forthwith began to attack our men, and threw several callaways into the
+pinnace, without, however, doing any damage owing to the caution used by
+the men in her; in order to frighten them the corporal fired a musket,
+which hit them both, so that they died on the spot; we then rowed back to
+the yachts. To the place on the coast where the aforesaid incident took
+place, we have given the name of Keerweer (= Turn again) in the new
+chart, seeing that the land here trends to S.W. and West; its latitude
+being 7°.
+
+On the 8th we had a strong gale from the S.S.W. the whole day, with rain
+and unsteady weather, so that we thought it best to remain at anchor.
+
+In the morning of the 9th the weather was fair, and the wind west, so
+that we set sail on a N.N.W. course; when we had run one mile we saw two
+groups of canoes putting off from shore and making for us, one consisting
+of 7, and the other of 8 small canoes; as we were lying close to the wind
+and could not weather the land with it, we came to anchor in 3 fathom;
+one of the canoes aforesaid came so near us, that we could call out to
+her, but the second group aforesaid kept quiet, upon which the canoe
+which had been near us, paddled towards this second group; from their
+various gestures we saw and understood sufficiently that their intentions
+had from the first been anything but peaceable, but God's Providence
+prevented them from carrying their wicked plans into effect; in the
+evening we set sail again with the current, the wind being west and our
+course held N.N.W. in the first watch we turned our course S.W. and S.W.
+by W., on which we sailed the whole night, until about daybreak we found
+the water shallowing and dropped anchor in 2Ω fathom, having sailed 5
+miles.
+
+[* _Scil._ by the men of the ship Duifken (see the extract
+below).--Princess Marianne Strait and Prince Frederik Hendrik island.
+(There is no reference in the text for this footnote--Ed.)]
+
+{Page 29}
+
+In the morning of the 10th we set sail again, the wind being W.N.W., on a
+S.W. course; at noon we were in Lat. 7° 35'; in the evening we came to
+anchor in 3 fathom muddy bottom, at about 1Ω mile's distance from the
+land.
+
+* * *
+
+NOTE
+
+That it is impossible to land here with boats or pinnaces, owing to the
+clayey and muddy bottom into which a man will sink up to the waist, the
+depth of the water being no more than 3 or 4 fathom at 3 or 4 miles'
+distance from the land; the land is low-lying and half-submerged, being
+quite under water at high tide; it is covered with wild trees, those on
+the beach resembling the fir-trees of our country, and seemingly bearing
+no fruit; the natives are coal-black like the Caffres; they go about
+stark naked, carrying their privities in a small conch-shell, tied to the
+body with a bit of string; they have two holes in the midst of the nose,
+with fangs of hogs of swordfishes through them, protruding at least three
+fingers' breadths on either side, so that in appearance they are more
+like monsters than human beings; they seem to be evil-natured and
+malignant; their canoes are small and will not hold above 3 of 4 of them
+at most; they are made out of one piece of wood, and the natives stand up
+in them, paddling them on by means of long oars; their arms are arrows,
+bows, assagays and callaways, which they use with great dexterity and
+skill; broken iron, parangs and knives are in special demand with them.
+The lands which we have up to now skirted and touched at, not only are
+barren and inhabited by savages, but also the sea in these parts yields
+no other fish than sharks, sword-fishes and the like unnatural monsters,
+while the birds too are as as wild and shy as the men.
+
+* * *
+
+In the morning of the 11th, the wind being W.N.W. and the weather fair,
+we set sail on a S.S.W. course along the coast in 4, 3Ω and 2Ω fathom
+muddy bottom; towards the evening we saw no more land ahead of us, the
+farthest extremity falling off quite to eastward, and extending east by
+south; we accordingly ran S.S.E., but it was not long before we got into
+2 fathom water and even less. We therefore went over to the north, and in
+the evening dropped anchor in' fathom, having this day sailed eight miles
+to S.S.W.
+
+In the morning of the 12th the wind blew from the N.W.; in the forenoon I
+rowed to the land myself with the two pinnaces well-manned and armed, in
+order to see if there was anything worth note there; but when we had got
+within a musket-shot of the land, the water became so shallow that we
+could not get any farther, whereupon we all of us went through the mud up
+to our waists, and with extreme difficulty reached the beach, where we
+saw a number of fresh human foot-prints; on going a short distance into
+the wood, we also saw twenty or more small huts made of dry grass, the
+said huts being so small and cramped that a man could hardly get into
+them on all fours, from which we could sufficiently conclude that the
+natives here must be of small stature, poor and wretched; we afterwards
+tried to penetrate somewhat {Page 30} farther into the wood, in order to
+ascertain the nature and situation of the country, when on our coming
+upon a piece of brushwood, a number of blacks sprang out of it, and began
+to let fly their arrows at us with great fury and loud shouts, by which a
+carpenter was wounded in the belly and an assistant in the leg: we were
+all of us hard pressed, upon which we fired three or four muskets at them
+killing one of the blacks stone-dead, which utterly took away their
+courage; they dragged the dead man into the wood, and we, being so far
+from the pinnaces and having a very difficult path to go in order to get
+back to them, resolved to return and row back to the yachts.
+
+(The Valsch Caep is 8 degrees 15 minutes south of the equator and 70
+miles S.E. of Aru.)
+
+The The same day at low tide we saw a large sandbank, S.E., S., and S.W.
+of us, where we had been with the yacht on the 11th last, the said
+sandbank extending fully 4 miles W., S.W. and W. by S. of the land or
+foreland; on which account we have in the new chart given to the same the
+name of de Valsch Caep [*]; it is in Lat. 8° 15' South, and about 70
+miles east of Aru.
+
+[* The South-west point of Prince Frederik Hendrik island.]
+
+* * *
+
+NOTE
+
+That the land which we have touched at as above mentioned, is low-lying
+and half-submerged to northward, so that a large part of it is under
+water at high tide; to the south it is somewhat higher and inhabited by
+certain natives who have built huts there; so far as we could ascertain
+the land is barren, covered with tall wild trees; the natives quite black
+and naked without any covering to hide their privy parts; their hair
+curly in the manner of the Papues: they wear certain fish-bones through
+the nose, and through their ears pieces of tree-bark, a span in length,
+so that they look more like monsters than like human beings: their
+weapons are arrows and bows which they use with great skill.
+
+* * *
+
+On the 13th the wind was N., the weather fair, and the current stronger
+to west than to northward; we set sail in the forenoon, holding our course
+W.N.W. in order to get into deeper water; when we had run some distance,
+we got into eight feet of water; upon which we turned back and towards
+evening came to anchor in 2 fathom.
+
+On the 14th the weather was fair, the wind N. by W., the current running
+strongly to S.W., as before; at noon we sent out the two pinnaces to take
+soundings; they rowed as far as 2 miles W.N.W. of the yachts, and nowhere
+found more than 1Ω and 2 fathom of water; the same day, seeing that the
+weather is now getting more constant every day, it was resolved to put up
+again the main-topmast in the yacht Aernem, which had been taken down
+before on account of bad weather.
+
+On the 15th the wind was N.N.E. with good weather and the current as
+strong as before; we set sail at noon with the tide running from the
+N.W., hoping to get into deeper water, but having been tacking about till
+the evening, we were by counter-currents forced to come to anchor in
+three fathom.
+
+On the 16th the weather was good, the wind being N.E. by N.; we set sail
+in the forenoon; in the course of the day we had a calm; towards the
+evening the wind went round to W.S.W., course held N.N.W. along the
+shallows in 2Ω and 2 fathom; in the evening we came to anchor in 3
+fathom; we find that in these parts the currents set very strongly to
+south-west, as before mentioned, and that the water rises and falls fully
+1Ω and 2 fathom at each tide.
+
+{Page 31}
+
+On the 17th the wind was East; we set sail, holding a W.N.W. and W. by N.
+course, and thus got into deeper water upwards of 5 fathom; at noon we
+were in Lat. 8° 4'; in the evening we cast anchor in 6 fathom, having
+sailed 4 miles W.S.W.
+
+In the morning of the 18th the weather was good with a W. wind; in the
+afternoon we set sail with the rising tide running from the west; course
+held S.W. by S. in 6 fathom. when we got into deeper water than 7 and 8
+fathom, we altered our course to S.E. by E. and E.S.E. in 10, 12, 14, 18,
+20, 26 and 28 fathom; towards evening we went on an Eastward course,
+having sailed 5Ω miles on the aforesaid course from the morning to the
+evening, and 9 miles to eastward from the evening till the morning.
+
+On the 19th the wind was W., course held E., with the Valsch Caep N.N.E.
+of us at 5 miles' distance, the land extending N. by W.; the water being
+24 fathom here, we went over to E.N.E. and sailed 4 miles, when we got
+into 6 fathom, where we cast anchor about 4 miles from the land.
+
+On the 20th the wind was N.N.E., with good weather; we set sail, holding
+our course as before in 6 fathom. at night we dropped anchor in 5Ω
+fathom, having sailed 7Ω miles this day.
+
+On the 21st we set sail again in the morning with a N.N.W. wind, keeping
+a N.E. course for 4 miles in 4 fathom; in the afternoon we went over to
+eastward sailing 8 miles; in the evening we came to anchor in 7 fathom,
+near an island situated a mile or upwards South and North of the
+mainland; a quarter of a mile N. by E. and S. by W. of the island there
+is a rock with two dry trees on it.
+
+On the 22nd, the council having been convened, it has finally been
+resolved to land with two pinnaces properly manned and armed, seeing that
+the coast is covered with cocoa-inut trees here, and the land seems to be
+higher, better and more fertile than any we have seen before; and since
+we could not get ashore on account of the shallowness of the water, the
+muddy bottom and other inconveniencies, we rowed to the small island
+aforementioned; while we were making inspection of it, the yacht Aernem
+got adrift owing to the violent current and the strong gale, and ran foul
+of the bows of the Pera, causing grievous damage to both the ships; this
+accident detained our yachts for some days, and without God's special
+providence they would both them have run aground.
+
+On the 23rd, the weather being good, and the council having once more
+been convened, I proposed to try every possible means to get the Aernem
+into sailing trim again, in the first place by constructing another
+rudder. This we found impossible since there were no new square rudders
+in either of the yachts; we were accordingly compelled to try some
+makeshift, and in order to be able to continue our voyage and avoid
+abandoning the yacht, it was finally resolved that with the available
+materials there should be constructed a rudder after the manner of the
+Chinese and Javanese; for this purpose the Pera will have to give up her
+main-top mast, the rest of the required wood to be cut on the land, and
+we shall tarry here until the rudder has been replaced.
+
+On the 24th while our men were engaged on the rudder, the subcargo rowed
+to the small island aforesaid with the two pinnaces, in order to get
+fresh water for the Aernem, which was very poorly supplied with the same,
+and in the evening he returned on board again with four casks of water,
+which he had got filled with extreme difficulty.
+
+{Page 32}
+
+On the 25th, the yacht Aernem being in sailing trim again, for which God
+be thanked, we set sail again with good weather and a favourable wind,
+holding our course along the land in 5Ω, 6, and 6Ω fathom; in the evening
+we cast anchor in 2Ω fathom about 2 miles from the land, having sailed 10
+miles this day.
+
+* * *
+
+NOTE
+
+(The Vleermuys-Eylandt is in 8 degrees 8 minutes Lat., 40 miles east of
+the Valsch Caep.)
+
+That the island aforesaid is in 8° 8' Southern Latitude, about a mile
+south and north of the mainland as before mentioned; it is pretty high,
+having a great number of wild trees on the east-side, and being quite
+bare on the west-side. It is about a quarter of a mile in circumference,
+and is surrounded by numerous cliffs and rocks, overgrown with oysters
+and mussels, the soil is excellent and fit to be planted and sown with
+everything; by estimation it bears a hundred full-grown cocoanut-trees
+and a great many younger ones; we also observed some banana- and
+oubi-trees; we besides found fresh water here, which comes trickling
+through the clay in small rills, and has to be gathered in pits dug for
+the purpose; the island also contains large numbers of bats living in the
+trees, on which account we have given to it the name of Vleermuys-Eylant
+[Bats' Island] in the new chart. We have seen no huts or human beings in
+it, but found unmistakable signs that there had been men here at some
+previous time.
+
+* * *
+
+(Clappes Cust [Cocoanut Coast].)
+
+On the 26th the weather was good, the wind N.N.W., course held S.E. by E.
+along the land in 5 fathom. In the forenoon 4 small canoes put off from
+the land and followed us; we waited for them to come alongside, and found
+they were manned with 25 blacks, who had nothing with them except their
+arms; they called out and made signs for us to come ashore; we then threw
+out to them some small pieces of iron and strings of beads, at which they
+showed great satisfaction; they paid little or no attention to the gold,
+silver, copper, nutmegs and cloves which we showed them, though they were
+quite ready to accept these articles as presents. Their canoes are very
+skilfully made out of one piece of wood, some of them being so large that
+they will hold 20 and even more blacks. Their paddles are long, and they
+use them standing or sitting; the men are black, tall and well-built,
+with coarse and strong limbs, and curly hair, like the Caffres, some of
+them wearing it tied to the neck in a knot, and others letting it fall
+loose down to the waist. They have hardly any beards; some of them have
+two, others three holes through the nose, in which they wear fangs or
+teeth of hogs or sword-fishes. They are stark-naked and have their
+privities enclosed in a conch shell, fastened to the waist with a bit of
+string; they wear no rings of gold, silver, copper, tin, or iron on their
+persons, but adorn themselves with rings made of tortoise shell or
+terturago (_Spanish_ tortuga?), from which it may be inferred that their
+land yields no metals or wood of any value, but is all low-lying and
+half-submerged, as we have actually found it to be; there were also among
+them some not provided with paddles, but wearing two strings of human
+teeth round their necks, and excelling all the others in ugliness; these
+men carried on the left arm a hammer with a wooden handle and at one end
+a black conch-shell, the size of a man's fist, the other end by which
+they hold it, being fitted with a three-sided bone, not unlike a piece of
+stag's horn; in exchange for one of these hammers they were offered a
+rug, some strings of {Page 33} beads and bits of iron, which they
+refused, though they were willing to barter the same for one of the boys,
+whom they seemed to have a great mind to. Those who carry the hammers
+aforesaid would seem to be noblemen or valiant soldiers among them. The
+people are cunning and suspicious, and no stratagems on our part availed
+to draw them near enough to us to enable us to catch one or two with
+nooses which we had prepared for the purpose; their canoes also contained
+a number of human thigh-bones, which they repeatedly held up to us, but
+we were unable to make out what they meant by this. Finally they asked
+for a rope to tow the yacht to shore, but soon got tired of the work, and
+paddled back to the land in a great hurry.
+
+In the evening we cast anchor in three fathom about 3 miles from the
+land, having sailed 13 miles this day.
+
+In the morning of the 27th the wind was W.N.W. with a stiff breeze,
+course held S.E. by S. and S.E., on which we sailed 7 miles, and
+afterwards E.S.E. 5 miles, in 5Ω, 5 and 3 fathom; in the evening we came
+to anchor in 6Ω fathom, 3Ω miles from the land; a quarter of a mile
+farther to landward we saw a sandbank, on which the Aernem struck but got
+off again, for which God be praised.
+
+On the 28th we set sail again, with a N.W. wind, on an eastern course
+towards the land, in various depths, such as 7, 9, 12, 4 and 5Ω fathom;
+at noon we were in 9° 6' S. Lat., having sailed 5 miles; from noon till
+the evening we ran on an E. by S. course a distance Of 4 miles in 18, 12,
+9, 7, 5 and 2 fathom, after which we cast anchor, and sent out the
+pinnace to take soundings; the water being found to become deeper nearer
+the coast, we again weighed anchor and sailed to the land, casting anchor
+finally in 4 fathom three miles from the coast.
+
+In the morning of the 29th the wind was N.N.E. with fine weather; in the
+forenoon it was deemed advisable to send off the boat of the Pera with
+thirteen men and the steersman of the Aernem and victualled for four
+days, in order to take soundings and skirt the land, which extended
+E.N.E., for a distance of 7 or 8 miles.
+
+On the 30th the wind was N. with good weather, so that we also sent out
+the pinnace of the Aernem in order to take soundings in various
+directions 2 or 3 miles from the yachts; at low water we saw various
+sandbanks and reefs lying dry, to wit E.S.E., S.S.W. and W.; in the
+afternoon the pinnace of the Aernem returned on board, having found
+shallows everywhere at 2 miles' distance. Towards the evening the boat of
+the Pera also returned, when we heard from the steersman that they had
+been E. by S. and E.S.E. of the yachts, at about 8 miles' distance, where
+they had found very shallow water, no more than 7, 8, 9 and 10 feet,
+which extended a mile or more, and was succeeded by depths Of 2, 2Ω, 3, 5
+and 7 fathom; they had found the land to extend E. and E. by N., and to
+be very low-lying and muddy, and overgrown with low brushwood and wild
+trees.
+
+On the 31st the wind was N.N.E. with rain. In the afternoon I rowed with
+the two pinnaces to one of the reefs in order to examine the state of
+things between the yachts and the land, which space had fallen dry at low
+tide; in the afternoon the skipper of the Pera also got orders to row to
+the land with the boat duly manned and armed, in order to ascertain
+whether anything could be done for the service of our Masters, and to
+attempt to get a parley with the inhabitants and to get hold of one or
+two of them, if practicable; very late in the evening the boat returned
+on board, and we were informed by the skipper that, although it was high
+water, they could not come nearer than to a pistol-shot's distance from
+the land owing to the shallow water and the soft mud; they also reported
+the land to be low-lying and half-submerged, overgrown with brushwood and
+wild trees.
+
+* * *
+
+{Page 34}
+
+NOTE.
+
+(The Drooge Bocht, where we were compelled to leave the western extremity
+of Nova Guinea is in 9 degrees 20 minutes S. Lat.)
+
+After hearing the aforesaid reports touching the little depths sounded to
+eastward, we are sufficiently assured that it will prove impossible any
+longer to follow the coastline which we have so long skirted in an
+eastward direction, and that we shall, to our great regret, be compelled
+to return the same way we have come, seeing that we have been caught in
+the shallows as in a trap; for this purpose we shall have to tack about
+and take advantage of the ebb, and as soon as we get into deeper water,
+to run south to the sixteenth degree or even farther, if it shall be found
+advisable; then turn the ships' heads to the north along the coast of
+Nova Guinea, according to our previous resolution taken on the 6th of
+March last; as mentioned before, we were here in 9° 6' S. Lat., about 125
+miles east of Aru, and according to the chart we had with us and the
+estimation of the skippers and steersmen, no more than 2 miles from Nova
+Guinea, so that the space between us and Nova Guinea seems to be a bight
+to which on account of its shallows we have given the name of drooge
+bocht [*] [shallow bight] in the new chart; to the land which we had run
+along up to now, we have by resolution given the name of 't Westeinde van
+Nova Guinea (Western extremity of N. G.), seeing that we have in reality
+found the land to be an unbroken coast, which in the chart is marked as
+islands, such as Ceram and the Papues, owing to misunderstanding and
+untrustworthy information.
+
+[* Entrance of Torres Strait.]
+
+APRIL.
+
+On the first the wind was W. by S. with good weather; we weighed anchor
+and drifted with the ebb running from the N.E. when we had run 1Ω mile
+with the tide to the S.W., we came to anchor again in 6 fathom.
+
+On the second, the wind being W. by N., we tried to tack about to the W.
+with the ebb-tide in 4, 5 and 6 fathom; we had variable winds the whole
+day; towards the evening we cast anchor in 4 fathom three miles from the
+land, having this day progressed 4 miles to the W. and W. by N.
+
+On the third we set sail again at daybreak, the wind being N., course
+kept W.N.W. in 7, 2, and 2Ω fathom, the water in these parts being of
+greatly varying depths, so that we had to keep sounding continually; in
+the afternoon we dropped anchor in 4 fathom, having drifted 2Ω, miles
+with the ebb-tide.
+
+On the 4th, the wind being N.E. by N., we set sail again with good
+weather: in the afternoon we ran on with the tide and cast anchor in 7
+fathom, having lost sight of the land, and sailed 8 miles W. and W. by N.
+
+* * *
+
+NOTE.
+
+Here we managed with extreme difficulty and great peril to get again out
+of the shallows aforesaid, into which we had sailed as into a trap,
+between them and the land, for which happy deliverance God be praised;
+the shallows extend South and North, from 4 to 9 miles from the mainland,
+and are 10 miles in length from East to West.
+
+{Page 35}
+
+On the fifth we set sail again at daybreak, the wind being E.N.E., on
+courses varying between S.W. and S., by which we got into deeper water,
+between 14 and 26 fathom, and sailed 18 miles in the last 24 hours.
+
+On the sixth the wind was S.W. with rain, course held S.E.; at night we
+were in Lat. 9° 45', having sailed 11 miles to the E.S.E. in the last 24
+hours.
+
+On the 7th, the wind being S.S.E., we ran on an Eastern course in 15 or
+16 fathom, and sailed 4 miles till the evening; at nightfall we went over
+to S.E., and cast anchor in 4 fathom, but as the yacht was veering round,
+we got into 2 fathom, having sailed three miles E.S.E. during the night.
+
+In the morning of the 8th we clearly saw several stones lying on the
+sea-bottom, without perceiving any change in the water in which we had
+sounded 26 fathom; so that the land here, which we did not see, is highly
+dangerous to touch at, but through God's providence the yachts did not
+get aground here; at noon we set sail, being in 10° 15' S. Lat., the wind
+being W. by S. and afterwards variable; we sailed S.S.W. till the next
+morning, in 10 and 10Ω fathom, and covered 6 miles.
+
+On the 9th the wind was N. with rain, course held S.E.; at night the wind
+went round to S.E.; we therefore came to anchor in 11 fathom, having
+sailed 5 miles this day.
+
+In the morning of the 10th the wind was E.N.E., course held S.E. in 9,
+10, and 11 fathom; at night the wind blew from the S.E., upon which we
+cast anchor, having sailed 5 miles this day.
+
+On the 11th the wind was E. by N. with a fair breeze, course kept S.S.E.;
+at noon we were in 11° 30'; the whole of this day and night we tried to
+get south with variable winds and on different courses, and sailed 22
+miles in the last 24 hours; course kept S.E.
+
+In the morning of the 12th the wind was S.E. with good weather; at
+sunrise we saw the land of Nova Guinea [*], showing itself as a low-lying
+coast without hills or mountains; we were then in 13Ω fathom, clayey
+bottom; course held S.S.W.; at noon we were in Lat. 11° 45' South, having
+sailed 10 miles on a S.E. course in the last 24 hours.
+
+[* York Peninsula.]
+
+In the morning of the 13th the wind was S.E. by E. and we were in 24
+fathom; we still saw the land aforementioned and found it to be of the
+same shape as before; course held S.W.; at noon we were in 12° 53'; for
+the rest of day and night we tried to get south with the winds aforesaid
+and on varying courses, having sailed 22 miles in the last 24 hours;
+course kept S.W.
+
+On the 14th the wind was E. by S., course held S. by E. along the land in
+11, 12, 13, and 14 fathom; at noon we were in Lat. 13° 47', the land
+being no longer in sight. The rest of the day and the whole night we
+tried to get the land alongside with divers winds and on varying courses
+in 7, 6, 6, 4, 3, and 2Ω fathom; towards daybreak we were so near the
+land that one might have recognised persons on shore.
+
+In the morning of the 15th the wind blew hard from the East; course held
+S. by E. in 3 and 2Ω fathom along a sandbank, situated about one mile
+from the mainland; at noon we were in 14° 36. The land which we have
+hitherto seen and followed, extends S. and N.; it is low-lying and
+without variety, having a fine sandy beach in various places. In the
+afternoon we dropped anchor owing to the calm, having sailed {Page 36} 11
+miles South. Great volumes of smoke becoming visible on the land, the
+subcargo [*] got orders to land with the two pinnaces, duly manned and
+armed, and was specially enjoined to use his utmost endeavours for the
+advantage of Our Masters; when the pinnaces returned at nightfall, the
+subcargo reported that the pinnaces could get no farther than a stone's
+throw from the land, owing to the muddy bottom into which the men sunk to
+their waists, but that they had in various places seen blacks emerging
+from the wood, while others lay hid in the coppice; they therefore sent a
+man ashore with some pieces of iron and strings of beads tied to a stick,
+in order to attract the blacks; but as nothing could be effected and the
+night was coming on, they had been forced to return to the yachts.
+
+[* Pieter Lintiens. (Summary).]
+
+In the morning of the 16th, being Easter-day, the wind was East; we set
+sail, holding our course S. by E.; at noon we were in 14° 56'; in the
+evening we came to anchor in 5 Ωfathom, having sailed 10Ω miles, course
+kept South.
+
+In the morning of the 17th the wind was S. by W., with rain and the tide
+setting to the south; at noon the wind went round to East, so that we
+made sail, course held S. by W., along the land in 4Ω fathom; towards the
+evening, it fell a calm, so that we dropped anchor with the ebb, after
+which I went ashore myself with the two pinnaces duly provided with men
+and arms; we went a considerable distance into the interior, which we
+found to be a flat, fine country with few trees, and a good soil for
+planting and sowing, but so far as we could observe utterly destitute of
+fresh water. Nor did we see any human beings or even signs of them; near
+the strand the coast was sandy with a fine beach and plenty of excellent
+fish.
+
+In the morning of the 18th the wind was E.N.E., course held S. by W.
+along the land; about noon, as we saw persons on the beach, we cast
+anchor in 3Ω fathom clayey bottom; the skipper of the Pera got orders to
+row to land with the two pinnaces, duly provided for defence; in the
+afternoon when the pinnaces returned, we were informed by the skipper
+that as soon as he had landed with his men, a large number of blacks,
+some of them armed and others unarmed, had made up to them; these blacks
+showed no fear and were so bold, as to touch the muskets of our men and
+to try to take the same off their shoulders, while they wanted to have
+whatever they could make use of; our men accordingly diverted their
+attention by showing them iron and beads, and espying vantage, seized one
+of the blacks by a string which he wore round his neck, and carried him
+off to the pinnace; the blacks who remained on the beach, set up dreadful
+howls and made violent gestures, but the others who kept concealed in the
+wood remained there. These natives are coal-black, with lean bodies and
+stark naked, having twisted baskets or nets round their heads; in hair
+and figure they are like the blacks of the Coromandel coast, but they
+seem to be less cunning, bold and evil-natured than the blacks at the
+western extremity of Nova Guinea; their weapons, of which we bring
+specimens along with us, are less deadly than those we have seen used by
+other blacks; the weapons in use with them are assagays, shields, clubs
+and sticks about half a fathom in length; as regards their customs and
+policy and the nature of the country, Your Worships will in time be able
+to get information from the black man we have got hold of, to whom I
+would beg leave to refer you...
+
+On the 19th, the wind being S.E., we remained at anchor, and since the
+yachts were very poorly provided with firewood, the skipper of the Pera
+went ashore with the two pinnaces duly manned and armed; when the men
+were engaged in cutting wood, {Page 37} a large number of blacks upwards
+of 200 came upon them, and tried every means to surprise and overcome
+them, so that our men were compelled to fire two shots, upon which the
+blacks fled, one of their number having been hit and having fallen; our
+men then proceeded somewhat farther up the country, where they found
+several weapons, of which they took some along with them by way of
+curiosities. During their march they observed in various places great
+quantities of divers human bones, from which it may be safely concluded
+that the blacks along the coast of Nova Guinea are man-eaters who do not
+spare each other when driven by hunger.
+
+On the 20th, the wind being S.E., we set sail on a S.S.W. course; at noon
+we came to anchor with the ebb-tide running from the South, in 3Ω fathom
+clayey bottom, and ordered the skipper to go ashore with the two
+pinnaces, duly provided for defence, and diligently inquire into the
+state of things on shore, so far as time and place should allow; when he
+returned in the evening, he informed us that the surf had prevented them
+from getting near the strand, so that there could be not question of
+landing.
+
+In the morning of the 21st, the wind being S.E., we set sail; course held
+S.S.W. along the land; at noon we were in 15° 38'; in the evening we came
+to anchor with the ebb in 3Ω fathom.
+
+In the morning of the 22nd the wind was E.N.E., course held South; at
+noon we were in 16° 4'; the wind being W. by N. we dropped anchor towards
+the evening in 2Ω fathom, about one mile from the land.
+
+On the 23rd the wind was N.N.E., with a stiff breeze, so that we set sail
+on a S.S.W. course along the land in 3Ω, 3, 2Ω and 2 fathom, clayey
+bottom; at noon we were in 16° 32'; for the rest of the day we tried to
+get south with variable winds, and towards the evening came to anchor in
+3 fathom close inshore.
+
+On the 24th the wind was E. by S., course held S.S.W. along the land in
+2Ω, 3Ω and 4Ω fathom, clayey bottom; at noon we were in 17° 8'. This same
+day the council having been convened, I submitted to them the question
+whether it would be advisable to run further south, and after various
+opinions had been expressed, it was agreed that this would involve divers
+difficulties, and that the idea had better be given up: we might get into
+a vast bay, and it is evident that in these regions in the east-monsoon
+north-winds prevail, just as north (?) of the equator south-winds prevail
+in the said monsoon: we should thus fall on a lee-shore; for all which
+reasons, and in order to act for the best advantage of the Lords
+Managers, it has been resolved and determined to turn back, and follow
+the coast of Nova Guinea so long to northward as shall be found
+practicable; to touch at divers places which shall be examined with the
+utmost care, and finally to turn our course from there to Aru and
+Quey...it was furthermore proposed by me and ultimately approved of by
+the council, to give 10 pieces of eight to the boatmen for every black
+they shall get hold of on shore, and carry off to the yachts, to the end
+that the men may use greater care and diligence in this matter, and Our
+Masters may reap benefit from the capture of the blacks, which may
+afterwards redound to certain advantage.
+
+On the 25th the skipper of the Pera got orders to go ashore with the two
+pinnaces well-manned and armed, in order to make special search for fresh
+water, with which we are very poorly provided by this time; about noon
+the skipper having returned, informed us that he had caused pits to be
+dug in various places on the coast, but had found no fresh water. _Item_
+that on the strand they had seen 7 small huts made of dry hay, and also 7
+or 8 blacks, who refused to hold parley with them. In the afternoon I
+went up a salt river for the space of about half a mile with the two
+pinnaces; {Page 38} we then marched a considerable distance into the
+interior, which we found to be submerged in many places, thus somewhat
+resembling Waterland in Holland, from which it may be concluded that
+there must be large lakes farther inland; we also saw divers footprints
+of men and of large dogs, running from the south to the north; and since
+by resolution it has been determined to begin the return-voyage at this
+point, we have, in default of stone caused a wooden tablet to be nailed
+to a tree, the said tablet having the following words carved into it:
+"Anno 1623 den 24n April sijn hier aen gecomen twee jachten wegen de
+Hooge Mogende Heeren Staten Genl."
+
+[A.D. 1623, on the 24th of April there arrived here two yachts dispatched
+by their High Mightinesses the States-General]. We have accordingly named
+the river aforesaid Staten revier in the new chart. (The Staten Revier is
+in 17 degrees 8 minutes.)
+
+On the 26th, seeing that there was no fresh water here, of which we stood
+in great need, that we could hold no parley with the natives, and that
+nothing of importance could be effected, we set sail again, the wind
+being E.N.E., with a stiff breeze, course held N. along the land; at noon
+we were in Lat. 16° 44'; at night we came to anchor in 4 fathom close
+inshore.
+
+* * *
+
+NOTE
+
+That the yacht Aernem, owing to bad sailing, and to the small liking and
+desire which the skipper and the steersman have shown towards the voyage,
+has on various occasions and at different times been the cause of serious
+delay, seeing that the Pera (which had sprung a bad leak and had to be
+kept above water by more than 8000 strokes of the pump every 24 hours)
+was every day obliged to seek and follow the Aernem for one, two or even
+more miles to leeward.
+
+* * *
+
+(The yacht Aernem left the Pera.)
+
+On the 27th, the wind being E. by S. with good weather, the skipper of
+the Pera rowed ashore with the two pinnaces duly provided for defence, in
+order to seek fresh water, but when he had caused several pits to be dug,
+no water was found; we therefore set sail forthwith, holding a S.E. by E.
+course along the land; at noon we were in Lat. 16° 30', and with a W. by
+N. wind made for the land, sailing with our foresail only fully two hours
+before sunset, in order to wait for the Aernem which was a howitzer's
+shot astern of us; in the evening, having come to anchor in 3Ω fathom 1Ω
+mile from the land, we hung out a lantern, that the Aernem might keep
+clear of us in dropping anchor, but this proved to be useless, for on
+purpose and with malice prepense she away from us against her
+instructions and our resolution, and seems to have set her course for Aru
+(to have a good time of it there), but we shall learn in time whether she
+has managed to reach it.
+
+In the morning of the 28th the wind was E. by S. and the weather very
+fine; the skipper once more went ashore with the pinnace in order to seek
+water, but when several pits had been dug in the sand, they found none;
+we therefore set sail again on a N.E. by N. course along the land in 2,
+3, 4 and 5 fathom, but when we had run a distance Of 2Ω Miles, a violent
+landwind drove us off the land, so that we had to drop anchor in 3
+fathom, the blacks on shore sending up such huge clouds of smoke from
+their fires that the land was hardly visible; at night in the first watch
+we set sail again and after running N.N.E. for 3Ω miles, we came to
+anchor in 2 fathom.
+
+In the morning of the 29th the wind was S.E., with good weather; course
+held N.E. by E. along the land in 2Ω and 3 fathom; when we had run 1Ω
+mile we came {Page 39} to anchor in 2 fathom, and landed here as before
+in order to seek freshwater; we had some pits dug a long way from the
+strand, but found no fresh water; the blacks showed themselves from afar,
+but refused to come to parley, nor did we succeed in luring any towards
+us by stratagem; at noon we were in 16° 10' near a river which in the
+chart is marked Nassauw revier: when we saw that we could do nothing
+profitable here, we set sail with an E. wind on a N.N.E. course along the
+land, and came to anchor in the evening in 2Ω fathom. (The Nassauw revier
+is in 16 degrees 10 minutes Lat.)
+
+In the morning of the 30th the wind was S.E. with steady weather; course
+held N.N.E. along the land in 3 fathom; at noon we were in 15° 39', and
+came to anchor in 2Ω fathom; we landed also here as before with the
+pinnace in order to look for water, and to see if we could meet with any
+natives; after digging a number of pits we found no water, so that we set
+sail again and came to anchor in the evening in 2Ω fathom.
+
+MAY.
+
+In the morning of the 1st the wind was E.; the skipper once more rowed
+ashore with the pinnace, and having caused three pits to be dug he at
+last found fresh water forcing its way through the sand; we used our best
+endeavours to take in a stock of the same; about 400 paces north of the
+farthest of the pits that had been dug, they also found a small
+fresh-water lake, but the water that collected in the pits was found to
+be a good deal better.
+
+In the morning of the 2nd the wind was E.N.E., and went round to S.W.
+later in the day; we continued taking in water.
+
+On the 3rd we went on taking in water as before; the wind was N.E., and
+about noon turned to S.W.. I went ashore myself with 10 musketeers, and
+we advanced a long way into the wood without seeing any human beings; the
+land here is low-lying and without hills as before, in Lat. 15° 20' it is
+very dry and barren, for during all the time we have searched and
+examined this part of the coast to our best ability, we have not seen one
+fruit-bearing tree, nor anything that man could make use of; there are no
+mountains or even hills, so that it may be safely concluded that the land
+contains no metals, nor yields any precious woods, such as sandal-wood,
+aloes or columba; in our judgment this is the most arid and barren region
+that could be found anywhere on the earth; the inhabitants, too, are the
+most wretched and poorest creatures that I have ever seen in my age or
+time; as there are no large trees anywhere on this coast, they have no
+boats or canoes whether large or small; this is near the place which we
+touched at on the voyage out on Easter-day, April the 16th; in the new
+chart we gave given to this spot the name of Waterplaets [*]; at his
+place the beach is very fine, with excellent gravelly sand and plenty of
+delicious fish.(Waterplaats is in 15 degrees 13 minutes Lat.)
+
+[* Mitchell River.]
+
+(Vereenichde revier.)
+
+In the morning of the 4th the wind was E.N.E. with good weather, course
+held N. in 7Ω fathom. we could just see the land; at noon we were in 15°
+12' Lat.; slightly to northward we saw a river to which we have given the
+name of Vereenichde revier: all through the night the wind was W., course
+held N.N.E. towards the land.
+
+In the morning of the 5th the wind was E., course held N.; at noon we
+were in 14° 5' Lat.; shortly after the wind went over to W., upon which
+we made for the land {Page 40} and cast anchor in 2 fathom; I went ashore
+myself in the pinnace which was duly armed; the blacks here attacked us
+with their weapons, but afterwards took to flight; upon which we went
+landinward for some distance, and found divers of their weapons, such as
+assagays and callaways, leaning against the trees; we took care not to
+damage these weapons, but tied pieces of iron and strings of beads to
+some of them, in order to attract the blacks, who, however, seemed quite
+indifferent to these things, and repeatedly held up their shields with
+great boldness and threw them at the muskets; these men are, like all the
+others we have lately seen, of tall stature and very lean to look at, but
+malignant and evil-natured.
+
+In the morning of the 6th, the wind being East, we set sail on a N.
+course along the land in 3 and 4 fathom; at noon when we were in 13° 29'
+Lat., the wind was W.; in the evening it went round to East, upon which
+we dropped anchor in 3 fathom.
+
+In the morning of the 7th the wind was S.E. with fine weather; the
+skipper went ashore with the pinnace, with strict orders to treat the
+blacks kindly, and try to attract them with pieces of iron and strings of
+beads; if practicable, also to capture one or more; when at noon the men
+returned they reported that on their landing more than 100 blacks had
+collected on the beach with their weapons, and had with the strong arm
+tried to prevent them from coming ashore; in order to frighten them, a
+musket was accordingly fired, upon which the blacks fled and retreated
+into the wood, from where they tried every means in their power to
+surprise and attack our men; these natives resemble the others in shape
+and figure; they are quite black and stark naked, some of them having
+their faces painted red and others white, with feathers stuck through the
+lower part of the nose; at noon, the wind being E., we set sail on a N.
+course along the land, being then in 13° 26 Lat.; towards the evening the
+wind went round to W. and we dropped anchor in 3Ω fathom.
+
+(The River Coen is 13 degrees 7 minutes Lat.)
+
+In the morning of the 8th, the wind being E.S.E. with good weather, I
+went ashore myself with 10 musketeers; we saw numerous footprints of men
+and dogs (running from south to north); we accordingly spent some time
+there, following the footprints aforesaid to a river, where we gathered
+excellent vegetables or pot-herbs; when we had got into the pinnace
+again, the blacks emerged with their arms from the wood at two different
+points; by showing them bits of iron and strings of beads we kept them on
+the beach, until we had come near them, upon which one of them who had
+lost his weapon, was by the skipper seized round the waist, while at the
+same time the quartermaster put a noose round his neck, by which he was
+dragged to the pinnace; the other blacks seeing this, tried to rescue
+their captured brother by furiously assailing us with their assagays; in
+defending ourselves we shot one of them, after which the others took to
+flight, upon which we returned on board without further delay; these
+natives resemble all the others in outward appearance; they are
+coal-black and stark naked with twisted nets round their heads; their
+weapons are assagays, callaways and shields; we cannot, however, give any
+account of their customs and ceremonies, nor did we learn anything about
+the thickness of the population, since we had few or no opportunities for
+inquiring into these matters; meanwhile I hope that with God's help Your
+Worships will in time get information touching these points from the
+black we have captured, to whose utterances I would beg leave to refer
+you; the river aforesaid is in 13° 7' Lat., and has in the new chart got
+name of Coen river, in the afternoon the wind being W., we set sail on a
+N. course along the land, and in the evening came to anchor in 3 fathom.
+
+* * *
+
+{Page 41}
+
+NOTE
+
+That in all places where we landed, we have treated the blacks or savages
+with especial kindness, offering them pieces of iron, strings of beads
+and pieces of cloth, hoping by so doing to get their friendship and be
+allowed to penetrate to some considerable distance landinward, that we
+might be able to give a full account and description of the same; but in
+spite of all our kindness and our fair semblance [*] the blacks received
+us as enemies everywhere, so that in most places our landings were
+attended with great peril; on this account, and for various other reasons
+afterwards to be mentioned, we have not been able to learn anything about
+the population of Nova Guinea, and the nature of its inhabitants and its
+soil; nor did we get any information touching its towns and villages,
+about the division of the land, the religion of the natives, their
+policy, wars, rivers, vessels, or fisheries; what commodities they have,
+what manufactures, what minerals whether gold, silver, tin, iron, lead,
+copper or quicksilver. In the first place, in making further landings we
+should have been troubled by the rainy season, which might have seriously
+interfered with the use of our muskets, whereas it does no harm to the
+weapons of the savages; secondly, we should first have been obliged to
+seek practicable paths or roads of which we knew nothing; thirdly, we
+might easily have been surrounded by the crowds of blacks, and been cut
+off from the boats, which would entail serious peril to the sailors with
+whom we always effected the landings, and who are imperfectly versed in
+the use of muskets; if on the contrary we had had well-drilled and
+experienced soldiers (the men best fitted to undertake such expeditions),
+we might have done a good deal of useful work; still, in spite of all
+these difficulties and obstacles, we have shunned neither hard work,
+trouble, nor peril, to make a thorough examination of everything with the
+means at our disposal, and to do whatever our good name and our honour
+demanded; the result of our investigation being as follows:
+
+[* A curiously subjective way of looking at things!]
+
+The land between 13° and 17° 8' is a barren and arid tract, without any
+fruit-trees, and producing nothing fit for the use of man; it is
+low-lying and flat without hills or mountains; in many places overgrown
+with brushwood and stunted wild trees; it has not much fresh water, and
+what little there is, has to be collected in pits dug for the purpose;
+there is an utter absence of bays or inlets, with the exception of a few
+bights not sheltered from the sea-wind; it extends mainly N. by E. and S.
+by W., with shallows all along the coast, with a clayey and sandy bottom;
+it has numerous salt rivers extending into the interior, across which the
+natives drag their wives and children by means of dry sticks or boughs of
+trees. The natives are in general utter barbarians, all resembling each
+other in shape and features, coal-black, and with twisted nets wound
+round their heads and necks for keeping their food in; so far as we could
+make out, they chiefly live on certain ill-smelling roots which they dig
+out of the earth. We infer that during the eastern monsoon they live
+mainly on the beach, since we have there seen numerous small huts made of
+dry grass; we also saw great numbers of dogs, herons and curlews, and
+other wild fowl, together with plenty of excellent fish, easily caught
+with a seine-net; they are utterly unacquainted with gold, silver, tin,
+iron, lead and copper, nor do they know anything about nutmegs, cloves
+and pepper, all of which spices we repeatedly showed them without their
+evincing any signs of {Page 42} recognising or valuing the same; from all
+which together with the rest of our observations it may safely be
+concluded that they are poor and abject wretches, caring mainly for bits
+of iron and strings of beads. Their weapons are shields, assagays, and
+callaways of the length of 1Ω fathom, made of light wood and cane, some
+with fish-bones and others with human bones fastened to their tops; they
+are very expert in throwing the said weapons by means of a piece of wood,
+half a fathom in length, with a small hook tied to it in front, which
+they place upon the top of the callaway or assagay.
+
+* * *
+
+(The Waterplaets is in 12 degrees 33 minutes Lat.)
+
+In the morning of the 9th, the wind being E.S.E., with good weather, we
+set sail on a N.N.E. course along the land, and when we had run on for 2
+miles, came to anchor in 9 fathom close inshore; I went ashore in person
+with ten musketeers, and found many footprints of men and of large dogs,
+going in a southerly direction., we also came upon fresh water flowing
+into the sea, and named the place de Waeterplaets. The land here is
+higher than what we have seen to southward, and there are numerous reefs
+close to the sandy beach; the place is in 12° 33'; in the afternoon the
+wind was S.W., course held as before; from the Waterplaets aforesaid to a
+high cape there is a large bay, extending N.E. by N. and S.W. by S. for 7
+miles; in the evening we dropped anchor in 4Ω fathom.
+
+In the morning of the 10th the wind being E.S.E., with steady weather, we
+set sail on a W.N.W. course; at noon we were in 12° 5'. I went ashore
+myself with the skipper, and as before found many footprints of men and
+dogs, going to the south. The land here is high and hilly, with reefs
+near the sandy beach; as we were pulling back to the yacht, some armed
+savages showed themselves, upon which we landed again and threw out some
+pieces of iron to them, which they picked up, refusing, however, to come
+to parley with us; after which we took to the pinnace again.
+
+In the morning of the 11th, the wind being E.S.E. with good weather, we
+set sail again on a N.N.E. course along the land; in the afternoon we
+sailed past a large river (which the men of the Duifken went up with a
+boat in 1606, and where one of them was killed by the arrows of the
+blacks); to this river, which is in 11° 48' Lat., we have given the name
+of revier de Carpentier in the new chart.
+
+[* Rivier Batavia in DE LEEUW'S chart.]
+
+In the morning of the 12th the wind was E.S.E., with pleasant weather; I
+went ashore myself with the skipper, and found upwards of 200 savages
+standing on the beach, making a violent noise, threatening to throw their
+arrows at us, and evidently full of suspicion; for, though we threw out
+to them pieces of iron and other things, they refused to come to parley,
+and used every possible means to wound one of our men and get him into
+their power; we were accordingly compelled to frighten them by firing one
+or two shots at them, by which one of the blacks was hit in the breast
+and carried to the pinnace by our men, upon which all the others retired
+to the hills or dunes; in their wretched huts on the beach we found
+nothing but a square-cut assagay, two or three small pebbles, and some
+human bones, which they use in constructing their weapons and scraping
+the same; we also found a quantity of black resin and a piece of metal,
+which the wounded man had in his net, and which he had most probably got
+from the men of the Duyfken; since there was nothing further to be done
+here, we rowed back to the yacht, the wounded man dying before we had
+reached her; at noon we set sail with a S.W. wind on a N.N.E. course
+along the land, and as it fell calm, came to anchor after having run on
+for 2 miles.
+
+{Page 43}
+
+In the morning of the 13th, the wind being S.E. with good weather, we set
+sail on a N.E. by N. course in upwards Of 7 fathom about 2 miles from the
+land; at noon we were in 11° 16' Lat., the wind being E.; in the evening
+we came to anchor in 2 fathom near a river, which we have named Revier
+van Spult in the chart.
+
+(The Waterplaets in 10 degrees 50 minutes Lat.)
+
+On the 14th we made sail again before daybreak, with a S.E. wind and
+steady weather; from the 9th of this month up to now we have found the
+land of Nova Guinea to extend N.N.E. and S.S.W., and from this point
+continuing N. and S. I went ashore here myself with the skipper and 10
+musketeers and found a large number of footprints of men and dogs going
+south; we also came upon a very fine fresh-water river, flowing into the
+sea, whence fresh water can easily be obtained by means of boats or
+pinnaces; the river is in 10° 50', and is marked Waterplaets in the
+chart. The land here is high, hilly, and reefy near the sandy beach;
+seeing that nothing profitable could be effected here, we returned to the
+yacht, which was lying-by under small sail; towards the evening we were
+at about 1 mile's distance from three islets, of which the southernmost
+was the largest; five miles by estimation farther to northward we saw a
+mountainous country, but the shallows rendered (or render) it impossible
+for us to get near it; in almost every direction in which soundings were
+taken, we found very shallow water, so that we sailed for a long time in
+5, 4, 3, 2Ω, 2, 1Ω fathom and even less, so that at last we were forced
+to drop anchor in 1Ω fathom, without knowing where to look for greater or
+less depths; after sunset we therefore sent out the pinnace to take
+soundings, which found deeper water a long way S.W. of the pinnace, viz.
+2, 3, and 4Ω fathom; we were very glad to sail thither with the yacht,
+and cast anchor in 8Ω fathom, fervently thanking God Almighty for his
+inexpressible mercy and clemency, shown us in this emergency as in all
+others.
+
+In the morning of the 15th, the wind being S.E. with good weather, we set
+sail on a W. course, which took us into shallower water of 2, 2Ω and 3
+fathom; we therefore went over to S.W., when we came into 3Ω, 4, 5, 6
+fathom and upwards; we had lost sight of the land here, and found it
+impossible to touch at it or follow it any longer, owing to the shallows,
+reefs and sandbanks and also to the E. winds blowing here; on which
+account it was resolved and determined--in order to avoid such imminent
+perils as might ultimately arise if we continued to coast along the land
+any longer--to turn back and hold our course first for the Vleermuijs
+Eijlant; we therefore stood out to sea on a W. course in 9Ω fathom and
+upwards, having sailed 17 miles in 24 hours, kept west, and finding no
+bottom in 27 fathom.
+
+* * *
+
+NOTE
+
+That in our landings between 13° and 11° we have but two times seen black
+men or savages, who received us much more hostilely than those more to
+southward; they are also acquainted with muskets, of which they would
+seem to have experienced the fatal effect when in 1606 the men of the
+Duyffken made a landing here.
+
+* * *
+
+In the morning of the 16th, the wind was E.S.E. with good weather, the
+Eastern monsoon having set in; course held N.N.W., at noon we were in 10°
+27', having sailed 30 miles in 24 hours.
+
+{Page 44}
+
+In the morning of the 17th the weather was good with a strong wind;
+course held as before; at noon we were in 8° 43'; towards the evening, in
+18 and 19 fathom, we saw from the main-topmast land N.E. of us, when we
+were in 8° 19'; towards daybreak we passed a shallow Of 4 and 4Ω fathom,
+on which we changed our course to S.W., having sailed 30 miles in 24
+hours.
+
+In the morning of the 18th, sailing in 5Ω fathom, we saw land, being the
+western extremity of Nova Guinea; course held W., with a strong wind; at
+noon latitude as before; during the night we sailed with small sail along
+the land on the course aforesaid, having run 27 miles in 24 hours.
+
+On the 19th, the wind as before, course held N.; at noon we were in 7°
+57' Lat.; we ran on the same course for the rest of the day and night.
+
+In the morning of the 20th there was a strong wind; we were in 18 fathom
+and by estimation in 7° Lat., we therefore ran on a W. course towards the
+islands which are said to lie in this latitude; sailed 24 miles in 24
+hours.
+
+On the 21st the wind was as before, and since we saw no land or signs of
+land, which by the ships' reckoning and by estimation we ought to have
+seen, if there had been any here, we changed our course to northward, in
+order to run to the latitude of 5°, in which Aru is situated.
+
+In the morning of the 22nd we were in 5° 38' Lat., with the wind as
+before, and since we estimated ourselves to be in the latitude of Aru, we
+turned our course westward; about noon we saw the island of Aru ahead of
+us...without seeing any signs of the yacht Aernem, which on the 17th of
+April last, in 17°, near the coast of Nova Guinea, had with malice
+prepense sailed away from the Pera, while the Aruese, who came forthwith
+alongside with their prows, also declared not to have seen the said
+yacht...
+
+JUNE.
+
+In the evening of the 8th we came to anchor before the castle of Amboyna,
+having therewith brought our voyage to a safe conclusion by the merciful
+protection of God Almighty, who may vouchsafe to grant prosperity and
+success in all their good undertakings to their High Mightinesses the
+States-General, to his Excellency the Prince of Orange etc., to the Lords
+Managers of the United East India Company and to the Worshipful Lord
+General and his Governors.
+
+Continuing for ever
+Their High Mightinesses' etc. obedient and affectionate servant
+(signed)
+JAN CARSTENSZOON.
+
+{Page 45}
+
+C.
+
+A SUMMARY ABSTRACT [*] OF THE JOURNAL OF THE MAIN INCIDENTS BEFALLEN IN
+THE VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY TO EASTWARD WITH THE YACHTS PERA AND AERNEM.
+BEGUN THIS 21ST OF JANUARY A.D. 1623.
+
+[* In a great number of passages this abstract merely copies the
+authentic journal verbatim; I accordingly transcribe such parts only as
+would seem to have a certain supplementary value.]
+
+A.D. 1623.
+
+_In the name of God Amen._
+
+JANUARY.
+
+In the morning of Saturday the 21st we weighed anchor before Amboyna and
+set sail with the western monsoon together with the yacht Arnem...
+
+MARCH.
+
+On the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th we skirted the land with
+the wind and course aforesaid, and came to anchor at about a mile's
+distance from the land. I went ashore in person with the pinnaces duly
+manned and armed...[*]
+
+[* What follows in the original is an almost verbatim transcript of the
+corresponding passages in the authentic journal.]
+
+(Keerweer formerly mistaken for islands)
+
+To this place or part of the land where the aforesaid happened, we have
+in the new chart given the name of Keer-Weer [Turn-again], seeing that
+the land here bends to S.W. and West, in 7° Latitude; the place, which
+has formerly been mistaken for a group of islands by the men of the yacht
+Duijfken in the year 1606 [*],  lies about 50 miles S.E. by East of
+Aro...
+
+[* The passage in the text furnishes interesting evidence respecting the
+voyage of the yacht Duifken in 1606; a fact that has so often been called
+in question, or even flatly denied.]
+
+On the 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th and 21st [of March]
+[*] with a W.N.W. wind in 2, 2Ω, 3 and 4 fathom, we got clear of the
+shallows which we had previously run into as into a trap; we managed to
+do so by tacking and taking advantage of the current, so that in the
+evening of the 21st aforesaid we came to anchor in 7 fathom near an islet
+situated one mile or upwards S. and N. of the mainland...
+
+[* A comparison with the authentic journal at the dates given, will
+enable the reader to ascertain the points which the yachts had then
+reached.]
+
+On the 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th [of April] we tried
+on divers courses, such as S.E. and S.E. by E., to make the land of Nova
+Guinea, until on the 8th aforesaid in the night-time we ran in between
+certain reefs, where by God's providence the yachts were preserved from
+taking harm; after which on the 12th aforesaid we sighted the land of
+Nova Guinea in 11° 45', our yachts being in 13Ω fathom, clayey bottom.
+
+On the 18th [of April], after running southward between 5 and 6 miles, we
+saw a large number of blacks on the beach; we therefore dropped anchor
+and sent the skipper ashore with the two pinnaces; who, by offering them
+pieces of iron and strings of beads, caused some of the blacks to draw
+near, so that he could lay hold of one of them, whom with the help of his
+men (who met with little resistance) he carried on board...
+
+On the 5th, 6th and 7th [of May] we skirted the coast as before on a
+northward course, and repeatedly endeavoured to effect a landing, but
+were in every case treated by the savages in hostile fashion, and forced
+to return to the yachts...
+
+On the 11th [of May] we sailed close inshore past a large river (which in
+1606 the men of the yacht Duijfken went up with the boat, on which
+occasion one of them was killed by the arrows of the natives), situated
+in 11° 48' Lat., to which river we have in the new map given the name
+of...[*]
+
+Always continuing
+Their High Mightinesses' etc. obedient and affectionate servant
+J. CARSTENSZOON.
+
+[* Carpentier, erased in the original MS. Cf. my Life of Tasman, p. 100,
+note 4.]
+
+{Page 46}
+
+D.
+
+CHART MADE BY THE UPPER STEERSMAN AREND MARTENSZ. DE LEEUW, WHO TOOK PART
+IN THE EXPEDITION [*].
+
+[* The original of this chart, of which a full-sized reproduction is
+given in _Remarkable Maps_, II, 5, is preserved in the State Archives at
+the Hague. There would seem to have been still more charts of this
+voyage: see VAN DIJK Carpentaria, p. 37, note 3.]
+
+[Map No. 7. Kaart van den opperstuurman AREND MARTENSZ. DE LEEUW, der
+Zuidwestkust van Nieuw Guinea en der Oostkust van de Golf van Carpentaria
+(Chart, made by the upper steersman Arend Martensz. De Leeuw, of the
+Southwest coast of New-Guinea and the East-coast of the Gulf of
+Carpentaria)]
+
+{Page 47}
+
+2.
+
+VOYAGE OF THE ARNHEM ALONE UNDER THE COMMAND OF VAN COOLSTEERDT, AFTER
+THE SHIP PERA AND HERSELF HAD PARTED COMPANY ON THE 27TH OF APRIL, 1623.
+
+A.
+
+_Letter from the Governor of Banda to the Governor-General Pieter De
+Carpentier, May 16, 1623._
+
+Noble, Worshipful, Wise, Valiant and very Discreet Sir,
+
+* * *
+
+The day before yesterday...we sighted...a ship. We forthwith presumed it
+to be Mr. Carstens, or perhaps one of the Yachts Pera or Arnehem...The
+ship turned out to be the Arnehem, which during the preceding night had
+lost her rudder...
+
+(They) have not done much worth mentioning, for at the place where the
+chart [*] they had with them, led them to expect an open passage, they
+did not find any such, so that they could not get to the island they
+wished to reach...[**]
+
+[* It is highly probable that this is another allusion to a chart of the
+voyage of Willem Janszoon with the Duifken in 1605-1606, because other
+documents concerning this expedition of the Arnhem and the Pera put it
+beyond a doubt that they had on board a chart of the voyage of the ship
+Duifken. In that case the passage in the text proves that Willem Janszoon
+already suspected the existence of Torres Strait, since the "open
+passage" can hardly refer to anything else.]
+
+[** The remaining part of the letter refers to the time when the two
+ships were still together, and contains nothing new.]
+
+Done in the Castle of Nassauw at Nera in the island of Banda, this 16th
+of May, A.D. 1623. (signed) ISACK De BRUNE.
+
+B.
+
+_Letter from the Governor-General Antonio Van Diemen to "Commander"
+Gerrit Thomaszoon Pool, February 19, 1636._
+
+Worshipful, Provident, very Discreet Sir,
+
+* * *
+
+With the present we also [*] send you a chart of the coasts made A.D.
+1623 by the Yachts Pera and Arnhem, together with a small map of the
+South-land as surveyed by divers ships coming from the Netherlands, both
+of which may be of use to Your Worship [**]...
+
+Done in the Castle of Batavia, February 19, A.D. 1636.
+
+(signed) ANTONIO VAN DIEMEN
+
+[* _Vis_. together with the Instructions of Febr. 19 for Pool's
+expedition to the Southland; see _infra_.]
+
+[** To wit, with a view to the voyage just referred to.]
+
+C.
+
+_Instructions for Pool, Febr. 19, 1636._
+
+...Failing ulterior instructions, we desire you to sail as quickly as
+possible from Banda to Arnhems and Speultsland, situated between 9 and 13
+degrees Southern Latitude, discovered A.D., 1623, as you may further see
+from the annexed chart [*]...
+
+[* This, then, is the chart of the "coasts made A.D. 1623 by the yachts
+_Pera_ and _Arnhem_"; for the "small map" handed to Pool, in the second
+place referred to in the above letter of Febr. 19, 1636, refers to
+surveyings of the west-coast of Australia by ships going from the
+Netherlands to India, and can therefore have nothing to do with the
+expedition of 1623. Arnhems- and Van Speults-Land were accordingly
+discovered on the voyage of the Pera and the Arnhem. Now the journal of
+the Pera shows that she did _not_ discover them, so that we are led to
+the conclusion that Arnhems- and Van Speults Land were discovered by the
+ship Arnhem.]
+
+{Page 48}
+
+D.
+
+_Letter from the Governor-General and Councillors to the Managers of the
+E.I.C., December 28, 1636._
+
+...[The ships of Pool's expedition touched at] the native village of
+Taranga, situated at the south-western extremity of Arouw, and then
+sailed southward, hoping to be able to run on an easterly course in order
+to execute their orders; they, however, met with strong south-east winds
+and very high seas besides; in 11 degrees S.L. they discovered vast
+lands, to which they gave the names of Van Diemen's and Maria's Land, and
+which we suspect to be Arnhems or Speults's islands, though they extend
+in another direction than the latter [*].
+
+[* Cf. as regards the situation of Arnhem's and Van Speult's Lands my
+Lite of Tasman, pp. 101 and 102, and the charts there referred to. Of the
+Nolpe-Dozy chart, of which there is question in note 4 on p. 102 of the
+book just mentioned, a reproduction will be found in _Remarkable Maps_,
+with a note by myself.]
+
+The council of the said yachts, finding they could not run on an eastern
+course, after discovering and surveying Arnhem's Land twenty miles to
+westward, resolved to steer their course northward again past the islands
+of Timor and Tenember, and thus return to Banda, where they arrived on
+July 7...
+
+E.
+
+_Instructions for Tasman, 1644._
+
+...The third voyage was undertaken from Amboyna in the month of January
+1623 with the Yachts Pera and Arnhem, commanded by Commander JAN
+CARSTENS, for the purpose of entering into friendly relations with the
+inhabitants of the islands of Key, Arou and Tenimber, and of exploring
+Nova Guinea and the South-lands, on which occasion alliances were made
+with the islands aforesaid and the south-coast of Nova Guinea was further
+discovered...but owing to untimely separation the Yacht Arnhem, after
+discovering the large islands of Arnhem and Speult, returned to Amboyna
+unsuccessfully enough, while the Yacht Pera, continuing her voyage,
+navigated along the south coast of Nova Guinea as far as a shallow bay in
+10 degrees, and afterwards along the west coast of the same land as far
+as Cape Keer-Weer, whence she further explored the coast to southward as
+far as 17 degrees near the Staten river, where she saw the land
+stretching farther to westward, after which she returned again to
+Amboyna...
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 49}
+
+
+
+XV.
+
+
+(1623) VOYAGE OF THE SHIP LEYDEN COMMANDED BY SKIPPER KLAAS
+HERMANSZ(OON) FROM THE NETHERLANDS TO JAVA.--FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE
+WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA.
+
+_Journal kept on board the ship Leyden from the Texel to Batavia, 1623._
+
+Laus Deo. This 9th day of July, A.D. 1623 in the ship _Leyden_...
+
+On the 15th do. Latitude 27° 15'; during the last twenty-four hours we
+sailed 16 miles East by North and East-north-east...At noon we saw a
+large dead fish floating near our ship, with a great many birds perched
+on its carcase.
+
+On the 16th do. Latitude 26° 27'; sailed 16 miles in 24 hours North by
+east...
+
+On the 17th do. Latitude 27° 23'; from last night sailed 16 miles
+East-south-east...
+
+On the 18th do. Latitude 27° 25'; sailed 24 miles East-south-east, East
+by South and East-north-east, on the whole keeping an eastward course...
+
+On the 19th do. Latitude 27' 20'. sailed due east 20 Miles in 24 hours...
+
+On the 20th do. Latitude 27° 20' sailed 20 miles these 24 hours
+North-east, East-north-east and East, with a light breeze, fair weather,
+and a West-south-west wind; course held east.
+
+On the 21st do. in the morning we sighted Eendrachtsland in Latitude 27°
+at about 6 miles' distance South-west by west; we sounded off it in 61
+fathom fine gravel bottom, the land showing outwardly like Robben Island
+in the Taffel Bay; at noon in Latitude 26° 43' we shaped our course to
+northward, and afterwards drifted in a calm.
+
+On the 22nd do. Latitude 26` 36, sailed and drifted about 4 miles, at
+about 8 miles' distance North~north-west from the land. We sighted
+everywhere a hilly coast with large bays, with low-lying land in between,
+the whole covered with dunes; we drifted in a calm, our course being
+North-west by West.
+
+On the 23rd do. Latitude 26° 3'; during the last twenty-four hours we
+mostly drifted in a calm at about 3 or 4 miles' distance from the coast;
+here we sighted a large inlet, looking like a river or bay. We sounded in
+80 fathom, good sandy bottom; in the afternoon there was a light breeze
+from the South-south-west, our course being North-west by West. In the
+evening we saw the farthest extremity of the land north by east at six
+miles' distance from us.
+
+On the 26th do. Latitude 25° 48', we did our best to keep off the land,
+which extended North-north-west and East-south-east. The land looked like
+the west-coast of England with many reddish rocks; out at sea there were
+plenty of cliffs and sunken rocks; at noon the wind went round to
+South-west afterwards to the south; we held our course North-west by
+North. In the evening the endmost land lay North by east of us at about 7
+miles' distance.
+
+On the 27th do. WILLEMTGEN JANSZ., wedded wife Of WILLEM JANSZ. of
+Amsterdam, midshipman, was delivered of a son, who got the name of
+SEEBAER VAN NIEMELANT. At noon Latitude 24° 15', sailed northward both in
+a calm and with variable winds, generally on a North-by-west course...[*]
+miles, our course being north, and the wind south with a fine breeze.
+
+[* Left blank.]
+
+On the 29th do. Latitude 20° 56'.
+
+On the 30th do. Latitude 18° 56'; the wind being east, we could not get
+higher than north. We saw a good deal of rock-weed floating about, and
+plenty of fish near the ship...
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 50}
+
+
+
+XVI.
+
+
+(1624) DISCOVERY OF THE TORTELDUIF ISLAND (ROCK).
+
+A.
+
+_Daily Register [*] of what has happened here at Batavia from the first
+of January, A.D. 1627._
+
+[* This Daily Register has been edited by me ('s Gravenhage, Nijhoff,
+1896).]
+
+...On the 21st [of June] there arrived here from the Netherlands the
+advice-yacht Tortelduiff...which had left the Texel...on the 16th of
+November, 1623...
+
+B.
+
+_Hessel Gerritsz Charts, 1627 [*] (Nos. 4 and 5.--VII, C, D)._
+
+[* The situation of Tortelduif island was accordingly known as early as
+1677. The voyage Of 1623-1624 is the only one made to India by the ship
+of that name (see LEUPE, Zuidland, p. 48). If we take for granted that
+this ship gave its name to the island (rock), which is highly probable,
+then the name must have been conferred in 1624. The note of interrogation
+in the text is only meant to ward off the charge of over-hasty inference
+on my part.]
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XVII.
+
+
+(1626) VOYAGE OF THE SHIP LEIJDEN, COMMANDED BY SKIPPER DANIEL
+JANSSEN COCK, FROM THE NETHERLANDS TO JAVA.--FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE
+WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA.
+
+Copy of the Journal kept by me DANIEL JANSSEN COCK, Captain and Skipper
+of the ship LEIJDEN, which set sail on the 17th of May 1625, of all that
+has occurred during the voyage.
+
+* * *
+
+Praise God. April 1626.
+
+26 do. Latitude 29Ω degrees, sailed 36 miles...
+
+27 do. Latitude 27 2/3 degrees, sailed 28 miles; course held north-east;
+the wind being south and south-west, I had the top-gallants set. God
+grant what is best for us. Amen. Course kept North-north-east.
+
+28 do. In the morning we took the sun's azimuth: between 7 and 8 degrees
+to northward, the rise being 16 degrees. We sighted land, being the
+Southland, at 10 miles' distance. We found a strong current here, with a
+depth Of 40 fathom. The current set to eastward or straight against the
+land. In the evening we shaped our course to North-west.
+
+29 do. Latitude slightly under 26°. the weather was calm, so that we ran
+along the coast, North and at times North-north-west. In the evening I
+saw the endmost (?) land north-east of me; the wind blowing from the
+south.
+
+30 do. In the morning I took the sun's azimuth: between 9 and 10 degrees
+to northward, the rise being 16Ω degrees, remains 7Ω degrees. At noon
+Latitude 24° 47'. Course held North by west, with a southerly wind;
+sailed 18 miles; in the evening it fell calm...
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 51}
+
+
+
+XVIII.
+
+
+(1627) DISCOVERY OF THE SOUTH-WEST COAST OF AUSTRALIA BY THE SHIP
+HET GULDEN ZEEPAARD, COMMANDED BY PIETER NUIJTS, MEMBER OF THE COUNCIL OF
+INDIA, AND BY SKIPPER FRAN«OIS THIJSSEN OR THIJSZOON.
+
+A.
+
+_Dail Register of what has happened here at Batavia from the first of
+January, 1627 [*]._
+
+[* On p. 307 of my edition of the Daily Register of 1624-1629.]
+
+...On the 10th [of April] there arrived here from the Netherlands the
+ship t' Gulden Seepaart fitted out by the Zealand Chamber [*], having on
+board the Hon. Pieter Nuyts, extraordinary Councillor of India, having
+sailed from there on the 22nd of May, 1626...
+
+[* The Register of outgoing vessels of the E.I.C. shows that the
+skipper's name was François Thijssen or Thijszoon.]
+
+B.
+
+_Hessel Gerritsz-Huydecoper Chart (No. 5.--VII D)._
+
+This chart has 't land van Pieter Nuijts (discovered January 26 [*],
+1627) and the islands of Sint François and Sint Pieter.
+
+[* Some of the charts have February, but most of them January. This month
+is also mentioned as the time of the discovery in the instructions for
+Pool (1636, see _infra_) and for Tasman (1644). Cf. my Life of Tasman,
+pp. 97f.]
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XIX.
+
+
+(1627) VOYAGE OF THE SHIPS GALIAS, UTRECHT AND TEXEL, COMMANDED BY
+GOVERNOR-GENERAL JAN PIETERSZOON COEN.
+FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA.
+
+A.
+
+_Letter of Jan Pieterszoon Coen to the Directors of the E.I.C._
+
+Most Noble Wise Provident Very Discreet Gentlemen,
+
+The present is a copy of our letter written from Illa de Mayo on the 15th
+of  April last...On July the 22nd we sailed from the Tafelbay with the
+ships Galias, Utrecht and Texel. When coming out to sea we got the wind
+from the south, so that we could not sail higher than the Cape, and lost
+eight days during which we made no progress. Then getting a favourable
+wind we remained together in 37Ω degrees Southern Latitude up to the 10th
+of August; the following night, however, the rudder of the Galias broke
+in a strong wind, so that the ship became ungovernable, and the sails
+were dashed to pieces, in consequence of which she got separated from the
+other two ships, who had failed to observe the accident of the Galias
+owing to the darkness; {Page 52} the next day, the rudder having been
+repaired, we continued our voyage with the Galias, and in the afternoon
+of the 5th of September in 28Ω degrees S. Lat. came upon the land of
+d'Eendracht. We were at less than half a mile's distance from the
+breakers before perceiving the same, without being able to see land. If
+we had come upon this place in the night-time, we should have been in a
+thousand perils with our ship and crew. In the plane charts the
+reckonings of our steersmen were still between 300 and 350 miles from any
+land, so that there was not the slightest suspicion of our being near
+any, although the reckoning of the chart with increasing degrees showed
+only 120 miles, and the reckoning by the terrestrial globe only 50 miles
+distance from the land. But to this little attention had been paid. It
+seems certain now that the miscalculation involved in the plane chart
+from Cabo de bon' Esperança to the Southland in 35 degrees latitude gives
+an overplus of more than 270 miles of sea, a matter to which most
+steersmen pay little attention, and which has brought, and is still daily
+bringing, many vessels into great perils. It would be highly expedient if
+in the plane charts most in use, between Cabo de bon' Esperança and the
+South-land south of Java, so much space were added and passed over in
+drawing up the reckonings, as is deducible from the correct longitude
+according to the globosity of earth and sea. We would request Your
+Worships to direct attention to this point, and have such indications
+made in the plane chart as experts shall find to be advisable; a matter
+of the highest importance, which if not properly attended to involves
+grievous peril to ships and crews (which God in his mercy avert).
+
+In this plane chart the South-land also lies fully 40 miles more to
+eastward than it should be, which should also be rectified.
+
+On the 20th of September we struck the South-coast of Java about 50 or 60
+miles eastward of its western extremity...
+
+Your Worships' obedt. servant
+J.P. COEN.
+
+At Batavia, October 30, 1627.
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XX.
+
+
+(1627) VOYAGE OF THE SHIP HET WAPEN VAN HOORN, COMMANDED BY SUPER
+CARGO J. VAN ROOSENBERGH.
+FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA.
+
+_Letter Of Supercargo J. Van Roosenbergh to the Directors of the E.I.C.,
+November 8, 1627._
+
+Worshipful Wise Provident Very Discreet Gentlemen,
+
+You have no doubt received my letter from Illa de Mayo...
+
+On the 7th of September we resolved to run for the South-land, that we
+might be near Java before the middle of October. On the 17th do. we
+sighted the land of d'Eendracht near Dirck Hartochs reede [road-stead],
+at about 7 miles' distance from us; the land was of middle height,
+something like D'overen [Dover] in England; it is less low than has been
+asserted by some, and of a whitish hue, so that at night it cannot be
+seen before one is quite close to it. When by estimation we were at two
+miles' distance from the land, the coast seemed to have a foreshore
+consisting of small hills here and there. According to our observations
+the land lay quite differently from what the chart would have us believe,
+to wit, North by West and North-north-west, from a point three miles
+south of the aforesaid height to a point 8 or 9 miles north of it; which
+were the farthest points seen by us; this constituting a difference Of 3Ω
+{Page 53} points with the chart, which makes it North-north-east and
+South-south-west. We cast the lead five miles off the shore in 75 fathom,
+muddy bottom mixed with small red pebbles, and five glasses afterwards,
+two miles off shore, in 55 fathom sandy bottom, for hardly anything was
+found sticking to the lead when heaved. We had seen no other signs of
+land beyond gulf-weed floating about in small quantities just as in the
+Sargasso Sea, and some land-birds flying high overhead. The many-coloured
+birds which we met near the islands of Tristan de Aconcha, left us two
+days before, just as they did when we got near Cabo de bone Esperança, so
+that they would seem to dislike the land. Instead of them, we saw a black
+bird with a white tail, having white streaks here and there under its
+wings; a bird, it seems, of rare occurrence. Three or four days before we
+also saw a number of sanderlings. Close inshore we also saw a quantity of
+cuttlebone, but the pieces were very small and scattered, so that they
+could hardly be seen in hollow water, except by paying very close
+attention to them and only 6 or 8 miles off shore, seeing that the steady
+west-wind prevents their getting out to sea, which they would certainly
+do, if now and then the wind blew from the east for a few days in
+succession. Careful estimations based on the globosity of the earth will
+give the best signs after all. By estimation we have got into...[*]
+Longitude, some of our steersmen having got one or two degrees more, some
+less, which in the plane charts makes a considerable difference, about
+217 miles by calculation. I repeat that since I have seen the land a good
+deal earlier, it will be expedient in the plane chart to mark out a
+distance of about 200 miles, to westward of St. Paulo island and to
+eastward of Madagascar, the said distance to be passed over in drawing up
+reckonings, seeing that the plane chart involves serious drawbacks; the
+same might well be done to eastward of the Cape, in such fashion as Your
+Worships' cartographers and other experts, such as Master C. J. Lastman,
+shall find to be most expedient for the Company's service. Seeing that we
+had nothing to do near the coast, and there was a fair wind blowing for
+us to make use of, we deemed it advisable that night to run north-west,
+and the next morning, having got north into 20 degrees S. Lat., from
+there to hold a north by-west course for Java, whither God Almighty may
+in safety conduct ourselves and those who shall come after us.
+
+[* Left blank.]
+
+On the 27th do. in the evening, when it had got dark, the water suddenly
+turned as white as butter-milk, a thing that none of those on board of us
+had ever seen in their lives, and which greatly surprised us all, so
+that, concluding it to be caused by a shallow of the sea, we set the
+foresail and cast the lead, but since we got no bottom, and with the
+rising moon the water again resumed its usual colour, we made all sail
+and ran on full speed, satisfied that the strange colour had been caused
+by the sky, which was very pale at the time. On the 28th in the morning
+very early, the water became thick, and shortly after we sighted land,
+being two islands, each of them about 2 miles in length; at 4 miles'
+distance from the land we cast the lead in 65 fathom sandy bottom. At
+noon in Latitude 8°, three miles off shore, we found ourselves to have
+run too far to eastward, wherefore we held our course to westward up to
+the 2nd of October, when by God's grace we passed the Princen islands,
+and arrived off Bantham on the 9th do. By estimation the land of
+d'Eendracht is marked in the chart fifty miles too far to eastward, which
+should also be rectified...
+
+Done in the ship 't Wapen van Hoorn, November 8, A.D. 1627, lying at
+anchor before Batavia.
+
+Your Worships' obedt. Servant
+J. V. ROOSENBERGH.
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 54}
+
+
+
+XXI.
+
+
+(1628) DISCOVERY OF THE NORTH-WEST COAST OF AUSTRALIA BY THE SHIP
+VIANEN (VIANE, VIANA), COMMANDED BY GERRIT FREDERIKSZOON DE WITT.--DE
+WITT'S LAND.
+
+A.
+
+_Letter of the Governor-General and Councillors to the Managers of the
+E.I.C. November 3, 1628._
+
+...[We] thought fit to give orders for the ship Vyanen [*] to sail to the
+strait of Balamboan. [She] sailed [from Batavia] thither on the 14th of
+January, and from there stood out to sea on the 25th do. She was by
+head-winds driven so far to south-ward that she came upon the South-land
+beyond Java where she ran aground, so that she was forced to throw
+overboard 8 or 10 lasts of pepper and a quantity of copper, upon which
+through God's mercy she got off again without further damage...
+
+[* That commander Gerrit Frederikszoon De Witt, was on board this ship,
+is proved by an original letter of his, dated August 6, 1628 (Hague State
+Archives).]
+
+B.
+
+_See the Hessel Gerritsz--Huydecoper Chart (No 5.--VII D), which has G. F.
+De Witts-land._
+
+C.
+
+_Instructions for Tasman, 1644 [*]._
+
+[* The well-known chart of TASMAN, 1644 (see my Life of, Tasman, pp.
+71-73) also has the name G. F. De Witt's Land.]
+
+...Meanwhile in the year 1627 the ship t' Gulde
+Zeepaert,...discovered...the south coast of the great Southland, and in
+the following year 1628 the ship Viana, homeward bound from Batavia,
+equally unexpectedly discovered the coast of the same land on the north
+side in the Southern Latitude of 21 degrees, and sailed along it a
+distance of about 50 miles; none of these discoveries, however, resulting
+in the obtaining of any considerable information respecting the situation
+and condition of this vast land, it only having been found that it has
+barren and dangerous coasts, green, fertile fields and exceedingly
+savage, black, barbarian inhabitants...
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XXII.
+
+
+(before 1629) DISCOVERY OF JACOB REMESSENS-, REMENS-, OR
+ROMMER-RIVER, SOUTH OF WILLEMS RIVER [*].
+
+[* I do not know the date of this discovery. Since Pelsaert was
+acquainted with it, it must have taken place before 1629 or 1628. It
+cannot have been much earlier, as the name is not found in Hessel
+Gerritsz's charts. I must mention, however, that Leupe has found a
+steersman of the name of Jacob Remmetsz referred to in the archives of
+the E.I.C. about the year 1619.]
+
+A.
+
+_Daily annotations of Pelsaert, 1629 (See infra)._
+
+...This 16th [of June]...we were in Latitude 22 degrees 17 minutes. I
+intended to sail to Jacop Remmessens river.
+
+{Page 55}
+
+B.
+
+_Keppler Map (No. 6.--VII E)._
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XXIII.
+
+
+(1629). [*] SHIPWRECK OF THE SHIP BATAVIA UNDER COMMANDER FRAN«OIS
+PELSAERT ON HOUTMANS ABROLHOS [**].--FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE WEST-COAST
+OF AUSTRALIA.
+
+[* In the year 1628 certain other Dutch vessels sighted or touched at the
+west-coast of Australia on their outward voyage to India (see LEUPE,
+_Zuidland_, p. 58; my edition of the Daily Register of Batavia, p. 341).
+What we know on this point is without interest. I merely mention the fact
+here, without entering into particulars.]
+
+[** The fact and the particulars of this shipwreck have become
+sufficiently known, the narrative of it having been published repeatedly
+and in different languages (see TIELE, Mémoires bibliographiques, pp.
+262-268; _Id_. Bibliographie Land- en Volkenkunde, pp. 172, 190-191,
+258f.--Cf. e.g. also MAJOR, Early Voyages, pp. LXXXIX--XCII; 59-74). I
+accordingly print in the text only what is strictly necessary; but I give
+almost _in extenso_ Pelsaert's journal of his exploratory voyage along
+the west-coast of Australia.]
+
+A.
+
+_Woeful diurnal annotations [of Commander PELSAERT] touching the loss of
+our ship Batavia, run aground on the Abrolhos, or rocks of Fredrick
+Houtman, situated in 28Ω degrees S. Lat., at 9 miles' distance from the
+Southland._
+
+On the fourth of June [1619], it being Whitmonday, with a light, clear
+full moon, about two hours before daybreak...I felt the ship's rudder
+strike the rocks with a violent horrible shock. Upon which the ship's
+course was forthwith checked by the rocks...I rushed on deck, and found
+all the sails atop; the wind south-west; our course during the night had
+been north-east by north, and we were now lying amidst thick foam. Still,
+at the moment, the breakers round the ship were not violent, but shortly
+after the sea was heard to run upon us with great vehemence on all
+sides...
+
+[When] day broke, we found ourselves surrounded by cliffs and shoals...
+
+I saw no land that I thought would remain above water at high tide,
+except an island, which by estimation was fully three miles from the
+ship. I therefore sent the skipper to two small islets or cliffs, in
+order to ascertain whether our men and part of our cargo could be landed
+there. About 9 o'clock the skipper returned, informing me that it was
+well-nigh impossible to get through the rocks and cliffs, the pinnace
+running aground in one place, and the water being several fathom deep in
+another. As far as he could judge, the islands would remain above water
+at high tide. Therefore, moved by the loud lamentations raised on board
+by women, children, sick people, and faint-hearted men, we thought it
+best first to land the greater part of our people...
+
+[On June 5] at their earnest instances to move me, it was determined, as
+shown by the resolution, that we should try to find fresh water in the
+neighbouring islands, or on the mainland coast in order to save their
+lives and our own; and that, if no water should be found, we should in
+that case at the mercy of God with the pinnace continue our voyage to
+Batavia, there to make known our calamitous and unheard-of disasters...
+
+{Page 56}
+
+This day the 6th do...[we] set sail in the pinnace, and on this day
+touched at two separate islands, where we found at best some brackish
+water, which had collected in the cavities of the rocks on the beach
+after the rain, but it was largely mixed with seawater. On the 7th do. we
+remained here, in order to repair our pinnace with a plank, for we found
+that without this it would have been impossible to reach the mainland...
+
+On the 8th do. in the morning we set sail from this island for the
+mainland...
+
+At noon we were in 28° 13' Lat., and shortly after sighted the mainland,
+which we estimated to lie 6 miles north by west of our ship. The wind
+blew from the west, and we sounded 25 and 30 fathom about 3 o'clock in
+the afternoon. During the night we kept off the land, and after midnight
+shaped our course for it again.
+
+In the morning of the 9th we were still about 3 miles from the land, the
+wind being mainly north-west with some rain; in the last 24 hours we
+covered 4 or 5 miles by estimation, course held north by west. The land
+here extends chiefly north by west and south by east. It is a barren,
+rocky coast without trees, about the height of Dover in England.
+
+We here saw a small inlet, and some low land with dunes, which we meant
+to touch at, but on nearer approach we found a heavy sea and violent
+breakers on the shore, while at the same time the swell from the west
+suddenly began to run towards the land so strongly and so high, that we
+could hardly keep off it, the less so as the storm always rose in
+violence.
+
+On the 10th do. we kept holding off and on for twenty-four hours owing to
+the strong wind, while the storm from the north-west, which stood on the
+boat we had taken with us, forced us to cut the same adrift and to throw
+overboard a part of the bread we had with us, together with other things
+that were in the way, since we could not keep the water out of our
+pinnace.
+
+During the night we were in great peril of foundering owing to the
+violent gale and the hollow seas. We could not keep off the land, because
+we did not venture to carry sail, and so were wholly at the mercy of wind
+and waves, while it kept raining the whole night.
+
+On the 1lth do. in the morning the weather began somewhat to abate, the
+wind turning to west-south-west, upon which we held our course to
+northward, but the sea was still very rough.
+
+On the 12th do. at noon we were in Lat. 27°; we ran close along the land
+with a south-east wind, but could find no means to get near the land with
+the pinnace, owing to the violent surf; we found the coast falling off
+very steeply, without any foreland or inlets, such as other lands are
+found to have: in short it seemed to us a barren, accursed earth without
+leafage or grass.
+
+On the 13th do. at noon we were in Lat. 25° 40'; we found ourselves
+drifting very rapidly northward, having rounded the point where the land
+extends mainly N.N.E. and S.S.W. During the last 24 hours our course was
+chiefly north. The coast was steep, consisting of red rock, without
+foreland, of the same height almost everywhere, and impossible to touch
+at owing to the breakers.
+
+On the 14th do. in the morning there was a faint breeze, but during the
+day it fell a dead calm. At noon we were in Lat. 24°; course held N.,
+with a S.E. wind; during the whole of the day the current carried us
+northward against our will, for we {Page 57} were running along the land
+with small sail. In the afternoon we saw smoke rising up from the land;
+we accordingly rowed to shore in order to land if possible, with our
+spirits somewhat raised, for I concluded that if there were men, there
+must be water too. Coming near the shore, I found it to be a steeply
+rising coast, full of rocks and stones, with the surf running violently;
+nevertheless 6 of our men swam ashore, and we remained at anchor with the
+pinnace in 25 fathom outside the surf. The men now searched for water
+everywhere until nightfall, without, however, finding any; they also saw
+four men coming up to them, creeping on all fours, but when our men all
+of a sudden emerged from a depression of the ground, and approached them,
+they sprang to their feet, and ran off in full career, all which we could
+distinctly see from the pinnace. They were black men, stark naked,
+without the least covering. In the evening our men swam on board again,
+all of them grievously wounded by the rocks on which they been dashed by
+the breakers. We therefore weighed anchor again to seek a better place
+for landing, and ran on during the night with small sail close along the
+shore, but out of the reach of the surf.
+
+On the 15th do. in the morning we were near a point of the coast off
+which a large reef extended about a mile in length, we ran in between the
+land and this reef, which we estimated to be in 23° Lat., and thus sailed
+along the coast, along which there was another reef, inside which the
+water seemed to be very smooth and still; we did our best to get inside
+this second reef, but did not find an opening before noon, when we saw a
+passage where there was no surf, we ran into it, but found it to be full
+of stones, and sometimes no more than one or two feet deep.
+
+This coast had a foreshore covered with dunes about a mile in width,
+before you come to the higher part. We therefore began to dig in divers
+places, but the water proved to be salt; some of us went to the higher
+land, where by good luck we found in a rock a number of cavities, in
+which a quantity of rain-water had collected. It also seemed that a short
+time before there had been natives there, for we found some crab-shells
+lying about and here and there fire-ashes. Here we somewhat quenched our
+cruel thirst, which almost prevented us from dragging ourselves along,
+for since the loss of our ship we had had no more than one or two
+mutchkins daily, without any wine or other drink. Besides quenching our
+own thirst, we here gathered about 80 cans of water, and remained there
+for the night.
+
+On the 16th do. in the morning we continued our exploration in order to
+find out whether there were more water-pits in the mountains, but our
+search was fruitless, for it seemed not to have rained there for a long
+time past, and we found no traces of running water, the higher ground
+being again very barren and unpromising, without any trees, shrubs or
+grass, but with plenty of high ant-hills in all directions. These
+ant~hills consisted of earth thrown up, and from afar somewhat resembled
+huts for the abode of men.
+
+We also found such multitudes of flies here, which perched on our mouths
+and crept into our eyes, that we could not keep them off our persons. We
+likewise saw 8 blacks here, each of them carrying a stick in his hand;
+they came within a musketshot's distance of us, but when we went up to
+them, they ran off, and we could not get them to stop, that we might come
+near them. Towards noon, when we found there was no more water to be had,
+we set sail again, and passed through another opening of the reef a
+little more to northward. We were here in 22° 17' Lat. I intended to run
+on to Jacop Remessens river, but the wind went round to North-east, so
+that we could not keep near the land, and seeing that we were now more
+than {Page 58} 100 miles from those we had left behind on the
+island-rocks, and that up to now we had not found water enough to assist
+them all, but only so much as would afford two mutchkins daily to
+ourselves, we were compelled to resolve to do our best in order with
+God's help to continue our voyage to Batavia as expeditiously as
+possible, that the Hon. Lord Governor-general might order measures to be
+taken for the succour of those we had left behind...
+
+On the 7 th do. [of July] we arrived in the road-stead of Batavia at
+nightfall.
+
+God be thanked and praised.
+
+B.
+
+_Diurnal anotations on my [PELSAERT'S] second voyage to the South-land,
+by order of the Hon. Lord Governor-general Jan Pietersen Coen, with the
+Yacht Sardam, for the purpose of rescuing and bringing hither the men
+belonging to our lost ship Batavia, together with the ready money and the
+goods that it shall be found possible to salve._
+
+This day the 15th Of July We set sail in the morning with the
+land-wind...
+
+This day the 1st of September at noon we were in 29° 16' Southern
+Latitude [*], with a variable wind, so that we found it impossible to get
+to eastward.
+
+[* The ship had already sailed farther south than Houtman's Abrolhos.]
+
+On the 2nd do. the wind went round to the north with a top-gallant gale;
+at noon we were in 30° 16' S.L. and found we had drifted a long way to
+southward; in the evening the wind turned to the north-west; course held
+N.E. by north.
+
+On the 3rd do. in the morning the wind was blowing from the west; we saw
+a good deal of rock-weed floating about and also a number of
+cuttle-bones. We therefore turned our course to eastward, and at noon we
+saw the mainland of the South-land, extending N.N.W. and S.S.E.; we were
+at about 3 miles' distance from it and saw the land extending southward
+for 4 miles by estimation, where it was bounded by the horizon. We
+sounded here in 25 fathom, fine sandy bottom. It is a treeless, barren
+coast with a few sandy dunes, the same as to northward; we were in 29°
+16' Southern Latitude, turned our course to north-west, the wind being
+W.S.W., but the hollow seas threw us close to the land, so that in the
+evening we had to drop anchor at one mile's distance from it; at two
+glasses in the first watch our anchor was broken in two, so that we had
+to bring out another in great haste.
+
+On the 4th do. in the morning the wind was S.W. by S., still with a very
+hollow swell. During the day the wind went round to S.S.W., upon which we
+weighed anchor and got under sail before noon. We stood out to sea on a
+W.N.W. course in order to get off the lee-shore. At noon we were in 28°
+50' S.L., where the land began to fall off one point, to wit North by
+west and South by east. In the afternoon the wind went round to the
+south, and we shaped our course westward. Towards evening we became aware
+of a shoal straight ahead or west of us, at only a musket-shot's
+distance, we being in 25 fathom fine sandy bottom. We turned the rudder
+and ran off it half a mile to E.S.E., where we came to anchor in 27
+fathom fine bottom; from noon till the evening we had been sailing on a
+W.N.W. course, and we were now at 5 miles' distance from the mainland. In
+the night it fell a dead calm with fine weather and a south-by-east wind.
+
+{Page 59}
+
+On the 5th do. in the morning the wind being S.S.E. with lovely weather,
+we weighed anchor and sailed S.S.W. for an hour, at the end of which we
+observed more breakers, shallows and islets ahead of us and alongside our
+course; the wind then turned more to eastward, so that we could run to
+the south and S.S.E. This reef or shoal extended S.S.W. and N.N.E.; along
+it we sounded in 27, 28 and 29 fathom sandy bottom; at 11 o'clock in the
+forenoon we had lost sight of the mainland; at noon we were in 28° 59' S.
+Lat., the extremity of the reef lying W.S.W. of us, and we being in 50 or
+60 fathom, foul steep bottom. In the afternoon the wind began to abate,
+but the current carried us to the west, while the rocks here fell off far
+to westward, we being at about 87 miles' distance from the mainland by
+estimation. We had a dead calm the whole night and drifted along the
+rock, on which we heard the waves break the whole time.
+
+On the 6th do. in the morning we had lost sight of the rocks; about 10
+o'clock the wind began to blow from the W.N.W., so that we ran nearly in
+the direction of the rocks. At noon we were in 28° 44' S. Lat.; it began
+to blow hard from the N.W., so that in the afternoon we kept tacking off
+and on, and found ourselves carried northward by the current. In the
+evening we stood out to sea away from the rocks again, and sounded in 40
+fathom foul rocky bottom; this shallow here extends seaward S.E. and N.W.
+In the evening it began to blow very hard, so that we had to run on with
+shortened mainsails, the wind being variable.
+
+On the 7th do. in the morning the wind abated, so that we made sail
+again; at noon we found our latitude to be 29° 30'; we went over to
+northward to get sight of the mainland again, but the wind suddenly
+turned sharply to W.N.W., so that we had to stand out to sea again.
+
+On the 8th do. at noon we were in 29° 7' S. Lat., course held N.E. In the
+evening we saw the breakers again. We therefore stood out to sea on a
+west-south-west course the whole night with a north-west-wind; and it
+began to blow so hard that we had again to take in the topsails.
+
+On the 9th do. in the morning we shaped our course to the land again; at
+noon we were in Lat. 29° and for the rest of the day we kept tacking off
+and on; towards the evening there blew a storm from the N.W., so that we
+could hardly keep our main-sails set.
+
+On the 10th do. we made sail again in the morning; at noon we were in 29°
+30' S. Lat., with a westerly wind and a top-gallant gale.
+
+On the 11th do. it was calm in the morning, but with a very hollow sea,
+while the wind blew from the W.N.W., so that we could not get to the
+north, if we did not wish to come upon or near the rocks. At noon we were
+in 28° 48' S. Lat. The wind continued variable, so that in the night we
+had to drift with our foresail set until daybreak.
+
+On the 12th do. we made sail again at daybreak, shaping our course to the
+east. We ran on till noon, when we found ourselves to be in in 28° 13' S.
+Lat. We therefore ran somewhat more to the south again, in order to reach
+the latitude Of 28° 20' exactly; the wind was south-west with a heavy
+swell of the sea. In the afternoon, two hours before sunset we again
+sighted the rocks, which we estimated to be still two miles from us. We
+cast the lead in 100 fathom fine sandy bottom, but when we had come to
+half a mile's distance, we sounded 30 fathom foul rocky bottom. In the
+night we shaped our course two points more to seaward, and in the
+daywatch made for the land again.
+
+{Page 60}
+
+On the 13th do., three hours after sunrise we again sighted breakers
+ahead, and having made up our reckoning, we found we had lost a mile
+north, since the wind had been S.S.E. This proved to be the northernmost
+extremity of the Abrolhos. Therefore, since I found we always came too
+high or too low, and it was very dangerous to touch at them from the
+outside owing to the high swells and foul bottom, I resolved to keep
+tacking off the outermost shoal. After this we went over again nearly to
+weatherward with a S.S.E. wind, keeping an eastern course. When we had
+got inside a small distance, we directly had a fine sandy bottom in from
+30 to 35 fathom; at noon we were in 28° S. Lat., shortly after we again
+saw the mainland of the Southland. In the evening, as it began to blow
+hard, we came to anchor at about 2 miles' distance from the land in 30
+fathom, fine bottom.
+
+On the 14th do. there was a stiff gale from the S.S.E., so that we could
+not get in our anchor, and remained here all day.
+
+On the 15th do. the wind was still equally strong, but towards noon it
+got somewhat calmer, so that we could get in our anchor. At noon we were
+in 27° 54' S. Lat. We kept tacking the whole day with a S.S.E. wind, in
+order to gain the south, and at night found we had gained two miles. When
+it got dark, we again came to anchor in 30 fathom fine bottom.
+
+On the 16th do. at daybreak we again weighed anchor; the wind being
+W.S.W., we went over nearly to southward. At noon we were in
+Latitude...degrees...minutes [*]. The wind then turned first to the west
+and afterwards to the north, so that we could sail on a south-west
+course; towards the evening we saw the rocks on which our good ship
+Batavia had miscarried, and I was sure I saw the high Island, but our
+steersmen contended that it was other land. Two hours after sunset we
+again came to anchor in 26 fathom fine sandy bottom.
+
+[* Left blank.]
+
+On the 17th do. at daybreak we again weighed anchor with a northerly
+wind; we were now still about 2 miles from the high island and made for
+it. When at noon we had got near the island we saw smoke rising up from a
+long island, two miles to westward of the wreck, and also from another
+islet [*], close to the wreck, at which we were all of us greatly
+rejoiced, hoping to find the greater part [**] or almost all the people
+alive. Therefore, when we had come to anchor, I went in a boat to the
+highest island, which was quite close to us, taking with me a cask of
+water, a cask of bread, and a small keg of wine; when I had got there I
+did not see any one, at which we were greatly astonished. I sprang
+ashore...
+
+[* This islet was named Batavia's Kerkhof [Churchyard] by the survivors;
+another of the rocks got the name of Robben-eiland [Seals' island].]
+
+[* This proved actually to be the case. I have thought it needless to
+print those parts of the journal which tell the adventures of the
+castaways, since they have repeatedly been narrated in other works.]
+
+On the 15th [of November, 1629] the wind was S.S.W., with seemingly fine
+weather. Therefore, in the name of God, we weighed anchor and set sail
+from these luckless Abrolhos for the mainland on an East-north-east
+course, for the purpose of seeking there the skipper and four other men,
+who on the 14th last were with their boat cut off from ship by a storm,
+after which we had resolved to continue our return-voyage to Batavia with
+the utmost expedition. The spot where the ship or wreck lies, is in 28°
+36' or 40', and the place near the high Island where we have been at
+anchor with the Yacht, in 30 or 32 minutes, north-north-west of the
+wreck. But after the shipwreck the steersmen had in one of the islands
+taken the latitude Of 28 degrees 8 minutes, and 28 degrees 20 minutes,
+which mistake has caused no little loss of time and misunderstanding on
+our part in seeking out these places...
+
+{Page 61}
+
+The sea abounds in fish in these parts; they are mainly of three kinds,
+but very different in shape and taste from those caught on other coasts.
+All the islands about here are low-lying atolls or coral-islets and
+rocks, except two or three large islands, in one of which, a long time
+before we came here, they had found two pits filled with water, but
+during the time we were here, the water in these pits became very
+brackish or salt, so as to be unfit for human consumption. In the other
+island, near which the Yacht lay at anchor, after burning away the
+brushwood or thicket, we also came upon two pits filled with water, which
+were discovered quite by accident...since they had only a small hole at
+top, that would admit a man's arm, but below we found a large cistern or
+water-tank under the earth; after which with mattocks and sledge-hammers
+we widened the hole so as to be able to take out the water conveniently.
+Besides, we found in these islands large numbers of a species of cats,
+which are very strange creatures; they are about the size of a hare,
+their head resembling the head of a civet-cat; the forepaws are very
+short, about the length of a finger, on which the animal has five small
+nails or fingers, resembling those of a monkey's forepaw. Its two
+hind-legs, on the contrary, are upwards of half an ell in length, and it
+walks on these only, on the flat of the heavy part of the leg, so that it
+does not run fast. Its tail is very long, like that of a long-tailed
+monkey; if it eats, it sits on its hind-legs, and clutches its food with
+its forepaws, just like a squirrel or monkey. Their manner of generation
+or procreation is exceedingly strange and highly worth observing. Below
+the belly the female carries a pouch, into which you may put your hand;
+inside this pouch are her nipples, and we have found that the young ones
+grow up in this pouch with the nipples in their mouths. We have seen some
+young ones lying there, which were only the size of a bean, though at the
+same time perfectly proportioned, so that it seems certain that they grow
+there out of the nipples of the mammae, from which they draw their food,
+until they are grown up and are able to walk. Still, they keep creeping
+into the pouch even when they have become very large, and the dam runs
+off with them, when they are hunted.
+
+In these two islands we also found a number of grey turtle-doves, but no
+other animals. Nor is there any vegetation beyond brushwood, and little
+or no grass. This and what has hereinbefore been related is all that we
+have experienced and met with about these Abrolhos.
+
+We shall therefore now shape our course for the mainland of the
+Southland, to which we are navigating. About noon we were close inshore,
+running along the coast with small sail at about half a mile's distance
+from it, in order to see if we could not descry any men or signs of men,
+until the afternoon, when we saw a small column of smoke rise up from the
+higher land, but it soon vanished. Nevertheless we anchored there in 21
+fathom fine sandy bottom, in order to look for the skipper with his men,
+but the smoke did not appear again, and no one showed on the beach, from
+which we concluded that the smoke had been made by the natives, who now
+did not venture to show themselves. As it blew very hard, we remained at
+anchor here for the night.
+
+On the 16th do. in the morning we weighed anchor again with a S.S.E. wind
+and a top-gallant gale. We again ran close along the land with small sail
+at about a howitzer's shot's distance from the surf. Towards noon we
+sighted the inlet which we had meant to run into on the 8th of June last,
+when we were seeking water with the pinnace, and {Page 62} where we were
+befallen by a storm from the north-west, which would certainly have sent
+us to destruction, if God had not miraculously saved us. Here we saw
+divers smoke-clouds rising up, which gladdened us all with the hope that
+our men might be there. I therefore sent the pinnace ashore directly for
+the purpose of getting certain information regarding the place and the
+clouds of smoke we had seen; the men in her, after rounding a steep
+point, where we had suspected the presence of water, discovered a running
+streamlet, of which the water was brackish near the sea, but quite fresh
+higher up; they also found a great many human footprints and continuous
+footpaths leading to the mountains, and saw numerous clouds of smoke, but
+the blacks kept themselves in concealment, and no human being was seen.
+
+Formerly, when we were sailing about here with the pinnace, we had also
+been close inshore, but did not then see any men or smoke-clouds at this
+place. Thinking this a fitting opportunity, I have here sent on shore the
+two condemned delinquents [*] Wouter Loos and Jan Pelgrom de By, of
+Bemmel, in a sampan provided with all necessaries. God grant that this
+punishment may ultimately redound to the service of the Company, and that
+the two delinquents may come off with their lives, so as to be able to
+give trustworthy information about these parts. This inlet is in 27° 51'.
+In the afternoon, seeing there was no hope or chance of finding the
+skipper, we made sail and shaped our course to north-west, two points off
+the land, because it began to blow hard, and in the evening we turned to
+west-north-west...[**].
+
+[* They had been sentenced to being marooned.]
+
+[* The ship returned to Batavia on the 5th of December.]
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XXIV.
+
+
+(1635). [*] FURTHER SURVEYINGS OF THE WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA BY THE
+SHIP AMSTERDAM UNDER COMMANDER WOLLEBRAND GELEYNSZOON DE JONGH AND
+SKIPPER PIETER DIRCKSZ, ON HER VOYAGE FROM THE NETHERLANDS TO THE EAST
+INDIES.
+
+[* In 1629 the west-coast of Australia in the neighbourhood of Dirk
+Hartogsz Roads was touched at by Dutch vessels, and in 1632 the Trialls
+were passed by Dutch ships on the outward voyage. What we know about
+these two points is of no interest as regards our subject.]
+
+_Journal of Commander WOLLEBRAND GELEYNSZOON DE JONGH._ [*]
+
+[* I know this journal only from what LEUPE extracts from it in his
+"Zuidland", pp. 62 ff. (the passages in question being given above), and
+from certain written notes from Leupe's hand. From the latter I have
+learned _inter alia_, the name of the skipper, the date of departure from
+the Texel (December 26, 1634), and the date of arrival at Batavia (June
+24, 1635).]
+
+...[May 25] Last night when two glasses of the first watch were out, we
+got a slight breeze from the N.W., which gradually stiffened, so that
+there was a fair breeze at the latter end of this watch, which kept
+blowing through the night till the following forenoon, when the wind
+turned to W. by N. and W.N.W. with a squall of rain, it blowing a strong
+top-gallant gale until the evening, course kept E. by N. until one hour
+after daybreak when we sighted the South-land.
+
+We went over to port directly, keeping a N.E. and N.E. by E. course until
+noon, when we stood out to sea from the land, on a W. and W. by S. course
+with a top-gallant gale. We took the latitude, which we found to be 25°
+16' South, but of {Page 63} this we are not quite sure; we were not able
+to take the sun's azimuth, either in the morning or in the evening; we
+sailed 20 miles until we saw the land, from which we were at 4 or 4Ω
+miles' distance by estimation, on an E. by N. course, and on various
+courses during the day, course N.N.E. for 6 or 7 miles.
+
+We had made this land in 4 months and 20 days. We saw a good deal of
+rock-weed floating past our ship, and also a small Saturn-gull, and not
+above 6 or 7 other gulls; the swell ran strongly from the south-west and
+afterwards more from the south; along the land the sea was tolerably
+smooth.
+
+We adjusted our compasses at 4° north-westerly variation. In the morning
+of the same day about two hours after sunrise, when prayers were over, we
+saw the south-land straight ahead to the great joy of all of us; it was
+east of us, at about 3 or 5 miles' distance by estimation, when we got
+sight of it; it was a low-lying coast extending mainly N.N.E. and S.S.W.
+as given in the chart, so far as we could see. We immediately began to
+sail close-hauled to port on a N.E. and N.E. by E. course, sometimes a
+little higher and at other times a little lower, until three glasses in
+the afternoon had run out, when we got a squall of rain with the wind
+going over to W.N.W., upon which we ran north again, since at noon owing
+to the nearly contrary wind we had gone over to W. in order to keep off
+the land. We now shaped our course to north, at times to N. by W. nearly
+as high as we could sail and the wind would allow us.
+
+The land which we saw, and from which at noon we were at no more than 1Ω
+or two miles' distance by estimation, we judged to be the land of
+d'Eendracht, and the land which we were near to at noon Dirck
+Hartochsz-Roads, for we had before us a large bay or bight between two
+capes. In the bay we could see no land from the main-topmast, but so far
+as we could discern the surf ran through the whole bay from the one cape
+to the other.
+
+The land shows various white plots near the seaside, and in many places
+rises very steeply so far as we could see.
+
+The breakers on the coast were very strong, but there were no rocks or
+shallows near the coast on which we could see the surf break, except at
+the cape north of Dirck Hartochs Roads, off which there seemed to be a
+small shoal or rock on which the surf broke, but it may as well have been
+a landspit running southward out to sea from the cape.
+
+As soon as we got sight of the land, we cast the lead, and took soundings
+in 90 fathom whitish sandy bottom with small shells, at about 4Ω or 5
+miles' distance from the land; in the middle of the forenoon we cast the
+lead again and touched the bottom in 75 fathom coarse and fine sand,
+mixed with small shells, at a little under 3 miles' distance from the
+land; we saw a good deal of rock-weed float alongside.
+
+At noon we sounded in 55 fathom, at about two miles' distance from the
+shore, straight in front of Dirck Hartochsz Roads, greyish sand.
+
+{Page 64}
+
+About 2 o'clock in the afternoon we sounded in 50 fathom white, clean
+sand-bottom, with very small, thin shells, at about iΩ mile's distance by
+estimation from the northern extremity of Dirck Hartochsz. Roads, and two
+miles from the southern extremity of the road-stead just mentioned.
+
+Towards the evening after supper, we cast the lead and sounded in 50
+fathom grayish sand-bottom, at about 2Ω miles' distance by estimation
+from the land, and about 3 miles to northward of Dirck Hartochsz Roads.
+
+At night when 4 glasses of the first watch were out, we cast the lead and
+sounded in 50 fathom grayish sand with small shells, estimating ourselves
+to be about 3 miles off the land, and about 7 miles to northward of Dirck
+Hartochsz. Roads.
+
+At the latter end of the first watch when seven glasses were out, we cast
+the lead and touched the bottom in 48 fathom, but could not make out how
+far we were from the land (since it was night, and we could not see the
+coast), except from our course, by which we estimated the distance to be
+4 miles.
+
+In the second watch when three glasses had run out, we cast the lead
+again and sounded in 47 fathom sandy bottom as before; we kept sounding
+every two or three glasses during the whole night until sunrise and found
+80 fathom sandy bottom; we saw no land, but from our course and rate of
+progress we deemed ourselves to be at 9Ω miles' distance from the nearest
+land, estimating our latitude, from the observation we took on the 26th
+do. at noon, and from our rate of progress, to be 24° South. But we did
+not see any land again throughout the day, and left off sounding, since
+our skippers and steersmen, judging from their estimations and from the
+course we kept (being north, and two points off the land according to the
+trend of the coast), were of opinion that we could get no bottom, so that
+we thought it needless to go on sounding...
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XXV.
+
+
+(1636). NEW DISCOVERIES ON THE NORTH-COAST OF AUSTRALIA BY THE SHIPS
+KLEIN-AMSTERDAM AND WESEL, COMMANDED BY (GERRIT THOMASZOON POOL AND)
+PIETER PIETERSZOON.
+
+[* Pool was killed on the South-west coast of New Guinea, April 28, 1636,
+and was succeeded in the command of the ships by Pieter Pieterszoon.
+Unlike my treatment of Carstensz's voyage in 1623, the present account
+will not embrace the further discovery of the South-west coast of New
+Guinea. I had to give the route followed along this coast in 1632 because
+it throws light on the expedition under Willem Jansz. in 1605/6.]
+
+A.
+
+_Instructions for Commander Gerrit Thomasz Pool and the Council of the
+Yachts Cleen Amsterdam and Wesel, destined for the discovery of the lands
+situated east of Banda, and furthermore of the South-land, thence
+extending to the South-west._
+
+Inasmuch as for a long time past the "Heeren Majores" have been very
+instantly recommending to us the discovery of the South-land, and still
+continue to do so, and we have frequently discussed the matter
+with...even before his departure, therefore it has been resolved and
+determined in the Council of India that you shall be employed with the
+Yachts Cleen Amsterdam and Wesel in the said discovery of the lands east
+of Banda and of the South-land extending to westward.
+
+You will set sail from Amboyna for Banda, in the name of God, With the
+said yachts Cleen Amsterdam and Wesel on the first of April next, and
+when you shall have arrived there, you will communicate these Orders and
+Instructions to the Lord Governor Acoley.
+
+Whom by these presents we enjoin to hand you in writing all such ampler
+information as during his residence at Banda His Worship shall have
+collected touching the {Page 65} lands and islands situated east of
+Banda, at the same time letting you know where and in what islands His
+Worship thinks some profit to be obtainable for the Company, or how
+massoye bark and fitting men may be got, which order will in that case
+have to be first executed.
+
+And in case you should obtain no additional information, we would have
+you set sail from Banda as speedily as possible for Arnhems- and Speults
+land, situated between 9 and 13 degrees Southern Latitude, discovered
+A.D. 1623, as you will more fully see from the appended chart; these are
+the large lands; you will endeavour to ascertain what may be obtained
+from there, whether these lands are peopled, and what the natives subsist
+on.
+
+After touching at the said islands you will cross over in order to strike
+the land of Nova Guinea likewise discovered A.D. 1623, by the Yachts Pera
+and Arnhem as far as 17° 8' Southern Latitude, which we surmise to be the
+South-land extending to westward from the said latitude as far as 26
+degrees or as far as the land of de Eendracht.
+
+The men of the Yachts Pera and Arnhem have, as before mentioned, sailed
+along this coast from about 4 degrees to 17 degrees 8 minutes, and have
+landed at various places, where they found nothing but barren coasts and
+lands, and utterly barbarian, cruel, wild natives, who surprised nine of
+our men fishing, and assassinated the same. The various strands, rivers,
+bays, points and the trend of this coast you will gather from the chart
+aforesaid.
+
+From the farthest point discovered, which as before mentioned, is in Lat.
+17° 8' South, you will skirt the coast as far as Houtmans Abrolhos in 28
+and 29 degrees, and farther still, if your provisions hold out, if the
+condition of your crews will allow of it, and if your Yachts are proof
+against the rough seas that prevail in the Southern Ocean in 33 and 34
+degrees; after which you will return to Batavia through Sunda Strait,
+trying in passing to touch at the Trials, that further information about
+this rock and its situation may in this way be obtained.
+
+In sailing along the coast you will have all bays and inlets you may meet
+with, diligently examined, and keep a sharp look-out for the discovery of
+channels or openings that might afford a passage into the South Sea,
+since we surmise that such passage must be looked for to northward rather
+than to southward, considering the breadth of the South-land between 28
+and 32 or 33 degrees.
+
+In case you should discover channels leading to the South Sea, or should
+find the South-land to consist of islands, you will endeavour to pass
+through or between the same, diligently observing the mouths and outlets,
+and then returning again through the same passage in order to proceed
+with your discovery along the north-side.
+
+In landing with small craft you will use great circumspection, and your
+treatment of the natives that should allow you to come to parley, must
+and ought to be marked by great kindness, wary caution, and skilful
+judgment; slight misdemeanours on the part of such natives, such as petty
+thefts and the like, which they should commit against you, you will
+suffer to pass unnoticed, that by so doing you may draw them unto you,
+and not inspire them with aversion to our nation. Whoever endeavours to
+discover unknown lands and tribes, had need to be patient and
+long-suffering, noways quick to fly out, but always bent on ingratiating
+himself.
+
+We have put on board your ships various kinds of merchandise and
+minerals, which you will show to the people whom you should come to
+parley with, partly that by so doing you may come to know whether any of
+these goods are produced by their country, partly in order to see what
+desire and inclination they evince to our mercantile commodities, and
+what goods they might be ready to offer in exchange for the same.
+
+{Page 66}
+
+Close attention should be paid to the disposition of the people, their
+character, condition and humours; to the religion they profess and to
+their manner of government; their wars, their arms and weapons; the food
+they eat and the clothes they wear, and what they mainly subsist on.
+
+Careful observation should be made, and exact records kept, of the winds
+and currents, the rains and tides etc. which you shall meet with in this
+your intended voyage.
+
+You will make due observation also of all lands, islands, strands,
+rivers, bays, points, rocks, reefs, cliffs, shallows and whatever else
+appertains to the same; of all which you will have accurate surveyings
+made, showing the true bearings, longitude and latitude, in accordance
+with the circumstances under which you shall get sight and knowledge of
+the same.
+
+For this purpose availing yourselves of the services of Subcargo Pieter
+Pietersen...
+
+You will not carry off with you any natives against their will, but if a
+small number of them should be found willing to come hither of their own
+accord, you will grant them passage...
+
+Commander Francisco Pelsert, having A.D. 1629 put ashore there two Dutch
+delinquents, who had in due form of justice been sentenced to forfeit
+their lives [*], you will grant passage to the said persons, if they
+should be alive to show themselves, and should request you to be brought
+hither.
+
+[* See _ante_, p. 62.]
+
+It would be a thing highly desirable for ships bound from the Netherlands
+to India, if on the coast of the South-land between 26 and 28 degrees a
+fitting place for obtaining refreshments and fresh water could be
+discovered, seeing that mainly about that latitude scorbut and other
+disorders begin to show themselves, at times carrying off numbers of men
+even before they reach Batavia.
+
+Finally, as hereinbefore mentioned, we shall expect you back here through
+Sunda Strait, if no obstacles come in your way to prevent this, and if
+the land is found to extend in one unbroken coast~line, as we surmise it
+to do, of which your experience will be our teacher.
+
+It should furthermore be noted that we are convinced that the west-coast
+of Nova Guinea, or the land discovered as far as Lat. 17° 8' South by the
+Yachts Pera and Arnhem, forms one whole with the South-land, a point
+which in drawing up these Instructions we have taken for granted.
+
+Therefore, if you should find the contrary to be the case, a matter of
+which we will by no means deny the possibility, and if the South-land
+should by you be found to be an island, you will sail southward along the
+coast of Nova Guinea, as far as the 32nd degree S.L., and thence on a
+westerly course touch at the eastern extremity of the South-land, which
+in January 1627 was discovered by the ship t'Zeepaart. When you shall
+have made the South-land on this course, you will run one degree more to
+southward near the islands of St. Pieter and François, that by so doing
+you may obtain full certainty that from that point the coast-line trends
+to westward. After which you will run northward again, skirting the
+Southland, past de Witsland, as far as Houtman's shoal and furthermore to
+33 or 34 degrees, if wind and weather shall permit, returning thence to
+Batavia, as hereinbefore mentioned.
+
+{Page 67}
+
+In conclusion, we wish you all the blessin of the Lord, a prosperous
+voyage and safe return, hoping at the same time that this voyage may
+redound to the advantage of the Company, to the glory of our country, and
+to your especial honour. Amen.
+
+Done in the Castle of Batavia, this 19th of February, A.D. 1636.
+(Signed)
+ANTHONIO VAN DIEMEN, PHILIP LUCASZ, ARTUS GYSELS and JAN VAN DER BURCH.
+
+B.
+
+_Daily Register of Batavia._
+
+October 1636.
+
+The 6th do.
+
+This day in the afternoon there arrived here from Amboyna the Yacht Cleyn
+Wesel, having on board the subcargo Pieter Pietersen, who...after the
+lamentable assassination of Commander Gerrit Thomasz Pool on the coast of
+Nova Guinea, had succeeded to the latter's office, and with the Yachts
+Cleen Amsterdam and Wesel had returned to Amboyna by way of Banda,
+reporting in substance as follows, both by word of mouth and by the
+journal kept during the voyage and the Resolutions duly registered,
+touching what happened in the course of the expedition, to wit...
+
+On the 6th of June [they came to anchor] before the native village of
+Taranga at the south-western extremity of Arouw, in order...to provide
+themselves with certain necessaries...
+
+On the 9th of June, being duly revictualled, he had set sail again from
+the said native village of Taranga, shaping his course to southward in
+order to endeavour to get to eastward by some means or other, so as to
+accomplish his ordained voyage; but when he had got to southward as far
+as the 11th degree of latitude, he had not only found and met with the
+east- and south-east-winds blowing constantly with great vehemence and
+hollow seas, but had also come upon a new land; in such fashion that,
+seeing no chance of getting to eastward for the accomplishment of his
+voyage, since such voyage will have to take place in the beginning of the
+western monsoon, he resolved with his council to give up further
+investigations to eastward, to explore and survey the situation of the
+newly discovered Van Diemensland, also called Arnhems or Speultsland,
+and, having gathered the required information, to run northward again for
+the purpose of obtaining perfect knowledge of the islands of Timor and
+Tenember; and all this having been duly effected, to return to Banda etc.
+
+In conformity with this resolution the said Pieter Pietersen has surveyed
+the newly discovered land for the space Of 20 miles from East to West; he
+has seen many fires and frequent clouds of smoke, but no natives, houses,
+prows or fruit-trees, although he has paddled close along the shore with
+an orangbay, and gone ashore in sundry places, finding the land wild and
+barren; wherefore, not having been able to come to parley with any of the
+inhabitants, on the 20th of June, as previously resolved upon, he ran to
+the north from a certain Red point jutting out into the sea to northward,
+where the land falls off abruptly to the west, for the purpose of making
+the islands of Timor and Tenember...
+
+{Page 68}
+
+C.
+
+_Journal of the voyage to Nova Guinea, 1636._
+
+...In the early morning of Friday [June 6]...we arrived before the native
+village of Taranga...
+
+On Monday the 9th do. At daybreak the wind was S.E...we set sail from
+Taranga...shaping our course to the S.S.W.
+
+We could take no latitude at noon...
+
+In the first watch we sailed S.S.W. the space of about 3 glasses; the
+wind was S.E. with a fair breeze, and afterwards E.S.E.; we sailed to
+southward for the time of 12 glasses; at the beginning of the day-watch
+the wind was E.N.E. with a fresh breeze; we sailed S.E. for about eight
+glasses...
+
+On Tuesday the 10th do. In the morning about breakfast-time the wind blew
+from the E.N.E. as before...
+
+We estimated ourselves to have sailed 9Ω miles on a generally Southern
+course from last night to the present night.
+
+On Wednesday the 11th do. Course held S.S.E...We had sailed on a Southern
+and S. by E. course about 11 miles by estimation during the last 24
+hours...
+
+On Thursday the 12th do. The wind E.S.E. as before...At noon we were in
+Lat. 10° 2', so that I find we are farther to southward as would accord
+with our estimation and our courses kept, on which account I believe the
+current must have driven us a good deal to S.S.E.. In the afternoon the
+sky was overcast, the wind E.S.E. and S.E. by E. with a light breeze; we
+sailed to S. by W. with our mainsails set. Towards the evening the water
+became all of a sudden very smooth and of a pale colour; after sunset we
+cast the lead in 40 fathom good anchoring ground, fine sand, but could
+see no land: we took in our foresail and sailed in the night with the
+mainsail only to avoid press of sail. We estimated ourselves to have
+sailed about 12 miles on a general S.W. by S. course during the last 24
+hours. In the night the wind was E. by S., E.S.E. and S.E. by E. with
+fine, lovely, clear weather and a top-gallant gale; throughout the night
+our average course was S., we cast the lead now and then in 42, 39, 38,
+36 and 25 fathom good anchoring-ground.
+
+On Friday the 13th do., the wind was nearly S.E., with a top-gallant gale
+and smooth water; course S.S.W. and S. by W.; the water was very pale in
+colour, but we could see no land; the weather was lovely and clear; at
+noon we found ourselves to be in 10° 50' S.L.
+
+Shortly after noon we cast the lead in 32 fathom good anchoring-ground;
+at four glasses in the afternoon we saw the land S.E. by S. of us, at
+about 6 miles' distance from us it was a low-lying coast with small
+hills; about 6 miles farther to westward we also saw land, not connected
+with the first land, but upwards of three miles distant from the same.
+
+Towards the evening it fell a calm; at sunset there was a faint breeze
+from the S.S.E.; we made out the extremity of the land to be at about 3
+miles' distance S.E. by S. of us; we were still in 32 fathom good
+anchoring-ground; we accordingly went over to eastward, but when shortly
+before the setting of the watch, the wind went down still more and began
+to turn to the N.W., we dropped anchor in 29 fathom good
+anchoring-ground.
+
+{Page 69}
+
+On Saturday the 14th do. the current began to set to the S.E. in the
+morning, and the wind to blow hard from the E.S.E., so that we could not
+carry mainsails then; we weighed anchor and set sail on a South and
+South-by-east course. The water gradually shallowed, and seeing that we
+could not make the easternmost land, we ran to the westernmost, where we
+came to anchor at about a musket-shot's distance from the land in 10
+fathom good anchoring-ground. Close along the shore the land is somewhat
+rock and reefy here; this land extends here about 3 miles S.E. by S. and
+N.W. by N., both slightly more to South and North. In the afternoon we
+sent out our small boat to take soundings close inshore; on returning the
+men reported that until they came to the reefs they had found no less
+than 3Ω fathom good anchoring-ground. Off the point near which we lay at
+anchor, a river ran landinward; we hoisted the white flag, and caused the
+little boat to paddle close along the shore. We saw smoke, indeed, in
+many parts of the inland, but no natives, houses or vessels. This land is
+not high, chiefly level, thickly covered with trees, and with a sandy
+beach at the seaside. We had taken no latitude at noon; the tide seems to
+run from the N.W. here; in the night at the latter end of the first watch
+we could take the latitude by the stars and found it to be 12° 8' South.
+
+On Sunday the 15th do. at daybreak the wind blew hard from the E.S.E.; it
+was mainsail weather; we convened the Plenary Council and resolved with
+the same further to explore this land to the north-west and to use all
+possible diligence to get knowledge touching the island of Timor, as will
+be found more amply set forth in this day's Resolution.
+
+As we were weighing our anchor, a lanyard and a pulley got broken; we
+shaped our course to N.W. by N. and N.N.W. Having sailed the space of
+about 2 miles, we came to a point, between which point and another point,
+a distance of about 4 miles, the land extends W.N.W. and E.S.E. with
+hardly any curve, and with rocks and reefs along the shore. Off this
+point the surf and the breakers ran very strongly, as if there were a
+shoal there, seeing that the wind and the current were opposed to each
+other. We therefore sailed along the coast at less than a mile's distance
+from the same in 12, 11 and 10 fathom good anchoring-ground. In many
+places we saw great clouds of smoke landinward, but no fruit-trees,
+houses, vessels or natives; the land seems to be quite wild. Towards the
+evening we cast anchor in 9 fathom good anchoring-ground at about half a
+cannonshot's distance from the land; the aforesaid point was E. by N. of
+us at upwards of half a mile's distance; during the night we had violent
+squalls from the E.S.E. with a thick, foggy sky; landinward we observed a
+number of fires.
+
+On Monday the 16th do. in the early morning the wind blew from the E.S.E.
+as before with sudden violent squalls. As we were weighing our anchor,
+the lanyard-pulley broke, and shortly after our anchor-cable snapped off
+at about three fathom's distance from the anchor, so that we lost the
+latter. As we were setting our foresail, a musket-shot was fired from the
+Yacht Wesel, upon which we dropped our other anchor again; when towards
+the evening the weather had somewhat improved, we sent our orangbay to
+the Wesel, to learn the meaning of the musket-shot; when the men
+returned, they informed us that the Wesel had also lost an anchor, but
+that the buoyrope had remained entire, so that we remained here till the
+following day in order to recover the same.
+
+On Tuesday the 17th do. towards noon we were informed that the buoy-rope
+of the Wesel had broken of its own accord close to the anchor, so that
+they had also lost their anchor, upon which forthwith weighing the
+anchors of both the Yachts, we found that the cables had also been
+damaged through rubbing against hidden stones and rocks.
+
+{Page 70}
+
+As beforementioned, the coast here extends W.S.W. for the space of about
+4 miles, with hardly any curve; at 3/8 of a mile's distance from the land
+there is already 8 and 7 fathom, good clayey bottom; the wind still blew
+from the S.E. and E.S.E. with a steady stiff gale; towards the evening we
+came to anchor in 7 fathom good anchoring-ground, at about half a mile's
+distance from the land, having the point E.S.E. of us at less than a
+mile's distance.
+
+Up to now we have seen no men, vessels or houses; we should certainly
+have landed with the boats here and there, but that they were both of
+them stove in, and had first to be thoroughly overhauled before they
+could be used. During the night the weather was lovely and calm.
+
+On Wednesday the 18th do., the wind blowing from the E.S.E., the weather
+was calmer, fairer and steadier than before. We gave a coat of tar to
+both our yachts, and remained at anchor the whole of this day, chiefly in
+order to see if we could not get sight of natives here or there and come
+to parley with the same, but we waited in vain for them. During the night
+the weather was bright, fair and clear, the wind blowing from the S.S.E.,
+S.E., and E.S.E.
+
+On Thursday the 19th do. at daybreak, the wind being E.S.E. with fair
+weather and a weak breeze, we weighed anchor and shaped our course to
+W.S.W., slightly more to westward. (The land here extends with a great
+curve and river as far as the Witte Hoeck [White point], known by the
+white sand-hill near the strand when you come from the east).
+
+At 4 glasses after breakfast we came near a stony, rocky reef, which we
+kept outside or to seaward of in 8 and 9 fathom. The eastern extremity of
+it is less than a mile to the S.W., slightly more southerly, of the Witte
+Hoeck, and the western extremity upwards of mile to the S.W. by S.,
+slightly more southerly, of the same; the reef extends S.E. by S. and
+N.W. by N.; it is not very long or broad, and there were violent breakers
+upon it.
+
+When we had weathered the reef, we again ran W.S.W. at less than a mile's
+distance from the land, in 8, 9, 7 and 5 fathom good anchoring-ground.
+From the Witte Hoeck the land trends nearly to W.S.W. with a slight
+curve, as far as one can see; close to the sea the beach is chiefly
+sandy, with small, low sand-hills here and there.
+
+The whole day we saw a good deal of smoke landinward; at noon we were in
+exactly 11° S.L. From this Witte Hoeck the land trends to W.S.W.,
+slightly westerly, with a slight curve for the space of upwards of 3
+miles; from there to W.N.W. with a strong curve the space of upwards of
+two miles, as far as a point, off which point, at less than half a mile's
+distance to N.E. by E., there is a small island on all sides surrounded
+by shoals and reefs; beyond this island the land falls off to the S.W.,
+making a curve of 2 miles at least but afterwards it trends to the N.W.
+again. This island bears from the land about N.W. and S.E.; the beach is
+sandy with reefs here, and there.
+
+At sunset it fell a calm, and we came to anchor in 8 fathom good
+anchoring-ground at about a mile's distance from the land, having the
+island S.S.E. of us at upwards of a mile's distance. Shortly after we saw
+two fires on the beach beyond the island. We estimated ourselves to have
+sailed about 8 miles this day; during the night the wind blew from the S.
+and S.S.W. with lovely weather. We found little or no current running
+here.
+
+{Page 71}
+
+On Friday the 20th do. we set sail at daybreak with a weak breeze from
+the S.; we kept mainly at a mile's distance from the land in 7 and 7Ω
+fathom good anchoring-ground. In the course of the day the wind went over
+to N.E., after which we ran N.W.; at noon we got near the Roode Hoeck
+[red point], situated N.W. of the island aforesaid at about 5 miles'
+distance; upwards of half a mile's distance from here the land falls off
+to W. by W.; from this point a large reef was seen running out to sea the
+length of upwards of 1Ω mile, which reef being unable to weather because
+we sailed so close to the wind, we came to anchor in 7Ω fathom good
+anchoring-ground, at half a mile's distance from the land; the Roode
+Hoeck was S.W. and S.W. by S. of us at upwards of half a mile's distance;
+we saw smoke rising in various places.
+
+On Saturday the 21st do. we set sail with a S.S.E. and S.E. by S. wind, a
+weak breeze and lovely weather. Here, from the point, the land extended
+to S. by W. and S.S.W. as far as one could see, with a slight curve only.
+The reef above referred to runs out to sea in a northward direction from
+the Roode Hoeck upwards of two miles, and from there very far to
+westward, upwards of 1Ω mile from the land. It consists of sandy shoals,
+having a small hill or rock above water; alongside it the depth was 7, 6,
+5 and 4 fathom, uneven bottom. And since the wind blew from the S.E. by
+S. as before, so that we could not make the land again, we resolved to
+run N.E. We accordingly shaped our course to the N.N.E. for the purpose
+of touching at Timor with the help of Almighty God, and take surveyings
+of the same.
+
+In or near this land, which in our chart [*] we have named Van
+Diemensland, we have seen no men, houses, fruit-trees or prows, although
+we ventured to inspect it paddling with our orangbay close along the
+shore; the boats of both the yachts being unfit for use, stove in, and
+under repair. About 2 glasses after noon, the wind was N.E., N.N.E., and
+N.E. by N. with calm and steady weather. At sunset we estimated ourselves
+to have the Roode Hoeck S.S.E. of us at 6 miles' distance; during the
+night there was a weak breeze from the E.S.E., N.E. by E. and also N.E.;
+course held N.N.W., N. by W. and also N., with bright, lovely and clear
+weather.
+
+[* This chart is wanting.]
+
+On Sunday the 22nd do. in the morning the wind was E.S.E. with a lovely
+breeze and top-gallant weather; course held N.E. At noon we took the
+latitude and found it to be 10° 10' South...[*]
+
+[* The further progress of the voyage has no interest connected with our
+present subject.]
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 72}
+
+
+
+XXVI.
+
+
+(1642-1643). DISCOVERY OF TASMANIA (VAN DIEMENS LAND), NEW ZEALAND
+(STATENLAND), ISLANDS OF THE TONGA AND FIJI GROUPS, ETC. BY THE SHIPS
+HEEMSKERK AND DE ZEEHAEN UNDER THE COMMAND OF ABEL JANSZOON TASMAN, FRANS
+JACOBSZOON VISSCHER, YDE TJERKSZOON HOLMAN OR HOLLEMAN, AND GERRIT
+JANSZ(OON).
+
+_See_ Frederik Muller and Co's _Tasman Folio._
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XXVII.
+
+
+(1644). FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE GULF OF CARPENTARIA, THE NORTH-
+AND NORTH-WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA BY THE SHIPS LIMMEN, ZEE MEEUW AND DE
+BRACQ UNDER THE COMMAND OF TASMAN, VISSCHER, DIRK CORNELISZOON HAEN AND
+JASPER JANSZOON KOOS.
+
+A.
+
+_See_ Frederik Muller and Co's _Tasman Folio._
+
+B.
+
+_Letter of the Governor-General and Councillors to the Governor of Banda,
+November 29, 1644._
+
+...We shall not recount here how...Tasman had coasted along the land of
+Nova Guinea and the South-land without finding any channel or opening up
+to Willems River, from where he has returned hither through Sunda Strait,
+but would refer Your Worship to the annexed extract from their journals,
+which we request you to peruse with attention, and to order...Dortsman
+[*] or any other person whom you shall charge with the voyage to
+Timorlaut, in case their plans touching these islands should succeed
+speedily and prosperously, and they should still have time at their
+disposal, to make for the great river which our men have christened
+Waterplaets, in 12 degrees Southern Latitude and 160º degrees Longitude,
+to sail up the same river landinward, in which there is the less
+difficulty, since the river, being deep and wide, can be sailed up by the
+yacht, which can conveniently turn, veer and tack in it...
+
+[* Adriaan Dortsman had been ordered on a voyage of discovery east and
+south of Banda. This voyage took place in 1645 and 1646, but Australia
+was not visited on that occasion.]
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 73}
+
+
+
+XXVIII.
+
+
+(1648). EXPLORATORY VOYAGE TO THE WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA ROUND BY
+THE SOUTH OF JAVA, BY THE SHIP LEEUWERIK, COMMANDED BY JAN JANSZOON
+ZEEUW.
+
+A.
+
+A.
+
+_Instructions for the officers of the Yacht den Leeuwerik...June 27,
+1648._
+
+Having learned by the ships last arrived here from Banda, what poor
+rice-crops they had in those quarters last year, so that, had not they
+received some timely supplies of this grain from Amboyna, they would have
+been put to exceeding inconvenience; and having besides seen from the
+letter of Governor Cornelis Willemse van Outhoorn that also this year
+they are under serious apprehensions of the like scarcity, in case
+supplies from Batavia should be long in coming.
+
+Therefore we have lately resolved in our Council to make an express
+shipment thither at this time of year...chiefly and principally that, if
+this voyage should have the expected success, which may the Almighty
+grant in His mercy, we may in future be sure that such voyage could be
+made every year after the arrival of the first ships from there, and the
+said important Government be by us duly assisted...as regards rice and
+other necessaries.
+
+This Yacht, which we consider to be of strong build and a good sailer,
+having by us been assigned for this purpose...you will weigh anchor in
+the name of God early to-morrow, set sail, and use your utmost endeavours
+to get clear of Sunda Strait as soon as possible, and thus gain the
+open...
+
+As soon as you shall have got clear of the Prince islands...you will from
+there shape your course directly to the south, straight across the sea,
+thus sailing by the wind without looking right or left, until you shall
+have come to 32 or 33 degrees S.L., where with the help of God you will
+meet with the westerly trade-winds; and when you are quite sure of having
+got the same, without the least doubt on your part, you will direct your
+course to the South-land, trying to make it and get it alongside in 25 or
+26 degrees Southern Latitude, where the coast is generally of easy
+access, the land being of moderate height and somewhat resembling the
+coast of England.
+
+Having reached the South-land in such fashion as we have just indicated,
+you will keep the coast alongside, and not leave the same, but use your
+best endeavours to skirt it, not parting with it until you have weathered
+the Vuylen hoecq (Foul Point); after which you may leave the coast, and
+cross over from there, next using the easterly and south-easterly winds
+which you will meet with in those waters, for running in sight of the
+islands of Arou, Tenember and Damme or any of these, and then making
+straight for Banda with the utmost expedition, which port you will with
+God's help conveniently reach in the manner hereinbefore described.
+
+As we have already said, the accomplishment of this voyage at this season
+of the year (in which only strong headwinds are blowing along the
+ordinary route to Banda and other quarters nearer home) is of very great
+importance to the Honourable Company...
+
+We herewith hand you a new chart of the South-land, which you may avail
+yourselves of in due time, and we noways doubt you will find the same of
+great use to {Page 74} you, of which we hope afterwards to receive your
+report. Seeing that the waters you are going to navigate are for the
+greater part little known as yet, and that accordingly many noteworthy
+things are not unlikely to occur in your voyage, we hereby likewise
+earnestly enjoin you, not only to keep a complete and elaborate journal
+of this voyage, but also to make due observation of the direction of the
+winds, the trend of the coasts, the situation of bays, inlets and capes,
+and properly to note and make drawings of the same, that on your return
+you may be able to hand us a full and perfect report of the whole
+undertaking, thus furnishing fresh material for the correction of the
+charts now in use, and perhaps also of the courses to be kept...
+
+Given in the Castle of Batavia, June 27, A.D. 1648.
+
+(Signed) CORNELIS VAN DER LIJN, FRAN«OIS CARON, CAREL RENIERSZ, JOCHUM R.
+VAN DEUTECOM, and GERARD DEMMER.
+
+B.
+
+_Letter of the G.-G. and Councillors to the Managers of the E.I.C.,
+January 18, 1649._
+
+...[We have dispatched to Banda] the yacht den Leeuwerck on the 28th of
+June of last year...through Sunda Strait, in order, if possible, to make
+the voyage to Banda along this route north of the South-land. Which
+undertaking has succeeded to our complete satisfaction but especially to
+the great joy of our Banda people, for which the Almighty be
+praised...since this success is undoubtedly of great advantage to the
+General Company, and makes it quite sure that in cases of shipwreck or
+other accidents we shall always be able to send succour and supplies to
+Banda and the quarters on this side of it along this newly discovered
+route...which, on receipt of the first advices in May next, may be done
+by the route abovementioned along the South-land. How this voyage was
+undertaken and successfully accomplished as far as Banda in the space of
+two months and 23 days, your Worships may be pleased to gather from the
+annexed daily journal and Chart [*] of Skipper Jan Jansz Zeeuw.
+
+[* Journal and chart are both of them wanting.]
+
+Written in Your Worships' Castle of Batavia, this 18th of January, A.D.
+1649.
+
+Your Worships' faithful servants the Governor-General and Councillors of
+India:
+
+CORNELIS VAN DER LIJN, F. CARON, CAREL REINIERS, J. P. VAN DUTECUM,
+GERARD DEMMER.
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 75}
+
+
+
+XXIX.
+
+
+(1656-1658). SHIPWRECK OF THE GULDEN OR VERGULDEN DRAAK ON THE
+WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA, 1656.--ATTEMPTS TO RESCUE THE SURVIVORS,
+1656-1658.--FURTHER SURVEYINGS OF THE WEST-COAST BY THE SHIP DE WAKENDE
+BOEI, COMMANDED BY SAMUEL VOLCKERTS(ZOON), AND BY THE SHIP EMELOORD,
+COMMANDED BY AUCKE PIETERSZOON JONCK, 1658.
+
+A.
+
+_Letter of the G.-G. and Counc. to the Managers of the E.I.C, December 4,
+1656._
+
+...On the 7th June there arrived here...from the South-land the cock-boat
+of the yacht den Vergulden Draeck with 7 men, to our great regret
+reporting that the said yacht had run aground on the said South-land in
+30 2/3 degrees, on April the 28th, that besides the loss of her cargo, of
+which nothing was saved, 118 men of her crew had perished, and that 69
+men who had succeeded in getting ashore, were still left there. For the
+purpose of rescuing these men, and of attempting to get back by divers or
+other means any part of the money or the merchandises that might still be
+recoverable, we dispatched thither on the said errand on the 8th of the
+said month of June [*], the flute de Witte Valeq, together with the yacht
+de Goede Hoop, which after staying away for some time were by violent
+storms forced to return without having effected anything, and without
+having seen any men or any signs of the wreck, although the said Goede
+Hoop has been on the very spot where the ship was said to have
+miscarried...[**]
+
+[* The day following that on which the report regarding the Vergulde
+Draak had reached Batavia.]
+
+[** Some of the men of the Goede Hoop had gone ashore, but had not
+returned.--The Witte Valk had touched at the Southland, but by "bad
+weather and the hollow sea" had been compelled to return without having
+effected anything.]
+
+In the Castle of Batavia, December 4, A.D. 1656.
+Your Worships' Obedt. Servts. the Governor-General and Councillors of India
+JOAN MAETSUYKER, CAREL HARTZINCK, JOAN CUNAEUS, NICOLAES VERBURCH, D. STEUR.
+
+B.
+
+_Daily Register of Batavia, 1657._
+
+[July] the 8th. Late in the evening there arrived in the road-stead here,
+and came to anchor, the small flute de Vinck of the Zealand Chamber,
+which had sailed [from the Netherlands] on December 24, 1656...she came
+hither via the Cape of Good Hope and the South-land...
+
+The skipper further reports that, according to the order and instructions
+handed him by Commander [*] Riebeeck, he had touched at the South-land,
+but it being the bad monsoon on the said coast, they had found it
+impossible to sail along the coast so far {Page 76} as to look after the
+wreck and the men of the lost ship den Draeck; for in the night of June 8
+(having the previous day seen all signs of land, and the weather being
+very favourable) they had come to anchor in 29° 7' S.L., and the
+estimated Longitude of 130° 43', in 25 fathom coarse sandy bottom mixed
+with coral; the following morning at daybreak they saw the breakers on
+the reef at the end of which they were lying at anchor, and on one side
+ahead of them, the South-land, which there showed as a low-lying coast
+with dunes; upon which they weighed anchor and continued sailing along
+the coast in order to keep near the land, which was still in sight the
+day following; but the weather began to become so much worse and the
+breakers on the coast were so violent, that it was a fearful sight to
+behold, upon which they shaped their course a little more to seaward. On
+the 10th and 11th they kept sailing along the coast in 40 or 50 fathom,
+but seeing their chances of touching at the coast this time get less and
+less, and the weather continuing very unruly with violent storms of
+thunder and lightning, they resolved to keep off the coast, and drifted
+on without sail. On the 12th they made small sail, the wind continuing to
+blow from the S. and S.S.W., and also from the S.S.E., and shaped their
+course for Batavia...
+
+[* Of the Cape of Good Hope.]
+
+C.
+
+_Letter of the G.-G. and Counc. to the Managers of the E. I. C., December
+14, 1658._
+
+...By our previous letters we informed Your Worships that on the first of
+January last we dispatched from here to the...Southland the galiots De
+Waeckende Boeij and Emeloort, for the purpose of making search for the
+crew of the lost ship de Vergulden Draecq, and of ascertaining whether
+they were still alive. The said ships returned to this place on the 19th
+of April following, after exploring the coast about the place of the
+disaster each of them for herself, since they had got separated; having
+in different places sent manned boats ashore, and fired many cannon shots
+time after time both by day and night, without, however, discovering any
+Netherlanders or any traces of the wreck, excepting a few planks
+[etc.]...which must undoubtedly be looked upon as remnants of the said
+ship...We herewith hand you the journals of the galiots [*]
+aforesaid...together with the small charts of the coast drawn up on board
+each of them[**]...
+
+[* See D and H _infra_]
+
+[* See E, F and I _infra_.]
+
+Written in Your Worships' Castle of Batavia, December 14, 1658.
+
+* * *
+
+JOAN MAETSUYKER, CAREL HARTSINCK, A.D. V. v. OULDTSHOORN, N. VERBURCH, D.
+STEUR, PIETER STERTHEMIUS.
+
+{Page 77}
+
+D.
+
+_Daily Journal kept by skipper SAMUEL VOLKERSENN on board the flute de
+Waeckende Boeij, sailing in the same from Battavia to the Southland. A.D.
+1658 [*]._
+
+[* On December 21, 1657 the G-G. and Counc. resolved to dispatch to the
+South-land the ships de Wakende Boei and Emeloord, for the purpose of
+making another attempt at rescuing what might still be rescued of the
+men, the cargo, etc. of the Vergulde Draak; "and also to get perfect
+knowledge, once for all, of the situation and trend of the said coast,
+with its shoals, reefs and shallows." The journals of the skippers of
+both vessels are preserved in the Hague State Archives. After mature
+consideration I have deemed it needless to print the said journals here,
+seeing that MAJOR, Terra Australis, refers to them on pp. 77-90, and
+gives the substance of the information contained in them (LEUPE,
+Zuidland, pp. 105 ff. has printed certain parts of the two journals). But
+above all, the charts made on this expedition, which are here carefully
+reproduced, give a more convenient survey of the results of it than could
+be done by the journals themselves, which for the rest contain little
+that is of interest for our present purpose.]
+
+E.
+
+_Chart of Eendrachisland_, 1658, on a small scale.
+
+[Map No. 8. Kaart van (Chart of) Eendrachtsland, 1658]
+
+{Page 78}
+
+F.
+
+_Chart of Eendrachisland_, 1658, on a larger scale.
+
+[Map No. 9. Kaart van (Chart of) Eendrachtsland, 1658]
+
+{Page 79}
+
+G.
+
+_A brief account of the west-coast of the South-land._
+
+The South-land has sandy dunes forming many points on the sea-side; the
+dunes all consist of loose sand overgrown with grass into which a man
+will sink up to his ankles, and leave deep footprints on withdrawing his
+feet.
+
+About a mile more or less off shore, there is as a rule a rocky reef, on
+which the breakers may be seen to dash violently in many places, the
+depth above the reef being in several places, 1, 1Ω and even 2 fathom, so
+that pinnaces and boats may get over it for the purpose of landing, there
+being deeper water close inshore, but all of it with a rocky, sharp
+coral-bottom, so that it is difficult to land there, and much harder
+still to keep a pinnace at anchor with a drag; except in a place about 9
+miles north of the island, where there are three rocks close to the
+shore, which are connected by a rocky reef, behind which you may
+conveniently lie at anchor and effect a landing with pinnaces or boats;
+but the bottom is foul and rocky everywhere.
+
+Inward, the land is pretty high, with hills of even height, but barren
+and wild to look at, except near the island where a great many trees are
+seen.
+
+In slightly under 32° S. Lat. there is a large island, at about 3 miles'
+distance from the mainland of the South-land; this island has high
+mountains, with a good deal of brushwood and many thornbushes, so that it
+is hard to go over; here certain animals are found, since we saw many
+excrements, and besides two seals and a wild cat, resembling a civet-cat,
+but with browner hair. This island is dangerous to touch at, owing to the
+rocky reefs which are level with the water and below the surface, almost
+along the whole length of the shore; between it and the mainland there
+are also numerous rocks and reefs, and slightly more to southward there
+is another small island.
+
+This large island to which we have been unwilling to give a name, leaving
+this matter to the Honourable Lord Governor-General's pleasure, may be
+seen at 7 or 8 miles' distance out at sea in fine weather. I surmise that
+brackish or fresh water might be obtainable there, and likewise good
+firewood, but not without great trouble.
+
+Two good and certain landmarks of the West-coast of the Southland:
+
+Firstly: If in these regions you observe about 11 degrees variation of
+the compass, you may be sure of not being at more than 18 or 20 miles'
+distance from the land.
+
+Secondly: If you see rock-weed floating about, you may be assured that
+you will sound the bottom in 70, 60, 50, 40, 30 fathom or less.
+
+At foot:
+
+Your obedient Servant
+(signed)
+SAMUEL VOLCKERSEN.
+
+H.
+
+_Daily Journal kept by Skipper AUCKE PIETERS JONCK, skipper of the galiot
+Emeloordt, on her voyage from Battavia to the South-land, A.D. 1658 [*]_
+
+[* See preceding note.]
+
+{Page 80}
+
+I.
+
+_Chart of Eendrachisland, 1658_
+
+[Map No. 10. Kaart van (Chart of) Eendrachtsland, 1658]
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 81}
+
+
+
+XXX.
+
+
+(1658). THE SHIP ELBURG, COMMANDED BY JACOB PIETERSZOON PEEREBOOM,
+TOUCHES AT THE SOUTH-WEST COAST OF AUSTRALIA AND AT CAPE LEEUWIN, ON HER
+VOYAGE FROM THE NETHERLANDS TO BATAVIA [*].
+
+[* The ship Elburg arrived at Batavia on July 16, 1658.]
+
+_Letter of the G.-G. and Counc. to the Managers of the E.I.C., December
+14, 1658._
+
+...The flute Elburgh, Jacob Pietersz. Peereboom master, in coming hither
+struck the South-land in 31Ω degrees S.L., and the estimated longitude of
+117°, where, at about 2Ω miles' distance from the land, she was by the
+strong wind and the hollow sea forced to come to anchor in 22 fathom, not
+without great peril of being lost; but after 12 days' hard trying they at
+length got off again and into the open, for which God's name be praised.
+Meanwhile, in 33° 14' S.L., round a projecting point, they have found a
+good anchoring-place, where they have been at anchor in 20 fathom, and
+where the skipper, together with one of the steersmen, the sergeant and 6
+soldiers landed round Leeuwinnen cape, finding there three black men,
+hung with skins like those at Cape de Bonne Esperance, with whom,
+however, they could not come to parley.
+
+On the spot where the blacks had been sitting, our men found a burning
+fire, near which there lay a number of assagays, together with three
+small hammers, consisting of a wooden handle to one end of which a hard
+pebble was fastened by means of a kind of wax or gum, the whole strong
+and heavy enough to knock out a man's brains.
+
+A little farther inward they came upon a number of huts, without any
+persons in them, and in various spots they found rills of fresh water,
+and here and there large quantities of the wax or gum aforesaid, of which
+we beg leave to hand you a small sample herewith, together with one of
+the said hammers, the wax or gum being of a red colour, and emitting an
+agreeable smell after being rubbed for some time...
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XXXI.
+
+
+(1678). FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE NORTH COAST OF AUSTRALIA BY THE
+VLIEGENDE ZWAAN, COMMANDER VAN DER WALL, ON HER VOYAGE TERNATE TO
+BATAVIA, IN FEBRUARY 1678.[*]
+
+[* The ship sailed from Ternate in December, 1677, and arrived at Batavia
+"by way of Timor and thus along Nova Guinea, without passing through
+Sunda Strait" (_Letter of the G.-G. and Counc. to the Managers of the
+E.I.C. May 8, 1678_).]
+
+_Chart of "the north side of the Southland and surveyed with the flute de
+Vliegende Zwaan in the month of February, by Jan Van Der Wall," A.D.
+1678_ [*].
+
+[* This chart is the only evidence of this voyage known to me. LEUPE,
+Zuidland, also, has not found anything else concerning it.]
+
+{Page 82}
+
+[Map No. 11. Kaart van de Noordzijde van 't Zuidland (Chart of the North
+side of the Southland), 1678]
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 83}
+
+
+
+XXXII.
+
+
+(1696-1697). FURTHER SURVEYINGS OF THE WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA BY
+THE SHIP GEELVINK, COMMANDED BY THE SKIPPER-COMMANDER OF THE EXPEDITION,
+WILLEM DE VLAMINGH, THE SHIP NIJPTANG UNDER GERRIT COLLAERT, AND THE SHIP
+HET WESELTJE, COMMANDED BY CORNELIS DE VLAMINGH. [*]
+
+[* In November and December 1695 the Managers of the E.I. Company
+(_Resolutions of the Heeren XVII of November 10, December 8 and 10, 1695_)
+resolved to dispatch a flotilla to the South-land or the land of
+d'Eendracht, this time starting from the Cape of Good Hope. Willem De
+Vlamingh was appointed commander-in-chief of the expedition. He was also
+instructed to inquire into the fate of the ship de Ridderschap van
+Holland, which had miscarried on her voyage from the Cape to Batavia in
+1694.]
+
+A.
+
+_Letter of the Governor-General and Councillors to the Managers of the
+E.I.C. at the Amsterdam Chamber, November 30, 1697._
+
+...As regards the results of the voyage of the three...vessels aforesaid
+[de Geelvink, de Nijptang and het Wezeltje], which, pursuant to the
+letters of the "Heeren XVII" of November 10, 1695, and March 16, 1696,
+and in accordance with Your Worships' Instructions of April 23 of the
+same year, have successfully accomplished their voyage by way of the
+Tristan de Cunha Islands and the Cape of Good Hope, furthermore via the
+islands of Amsterdam and St. Paulo, and along the land of d'Eendragt or
+the South-land, and have arrived here in good condition as regards ships
+and crews, we shall in the main beg leave to refer you to the journals
+kept on board the said ships, and to their annotations, together with the
+charts and a number of drawings of the said places, all which will be
+handed to Your Worships by the bearer of the same, Almoner Victor
+Victorszoon, who is now homeward bound in the ship Slants Welvaren. The
+drawings are packed in a case to the number of 11, to wit:
+
+7 of divers places in the South-land,
+1 of the island of Tristan de Cunha,
+1 of the island of Amsterdam,
+1 of the island of St. Paulo, and
+1 of the island of Mony [*].
+
+[* I have not found these drawings.--In the seventeenth-century charts
+Mony is South-west of Java.]
+
+{Page 84}
+
+We besides beg to forward to you a number of larger and smaller disks of
+wood, brought over from the said South-land by skipper Willem de
+Vlamingh, concerning which wood he had noted in his journal at the dates
+December 30 and 31, 1696, and January 2, 1697, that it was odoriferous, a
+point which we have not been able to verify here, although we have
+directly ordered a small portion of it to be distilled, and beg to hand
+you with the rest a small bottle of the oil thus gained for Your
+Worships' examination...together with a box containing shells collected
+on the beach, fruits, plants, etc., the whole, however, of little value
+and decidedly inferior to what elsewhere in India may be found of the
+same description; so that in general in this part of the South-land,
+which in conformity with their instructions they have diligently skirted,
+surveyed and observed, they have found little beyond an arid, barren and
+wild land, both near the shore and so far as they have been inland,
+without meeting with any human beings, though now and then they have seen
+fires from afar, some of the men fancying that two or three times they
+have seen a number of naked blacks, whom however they have never been
+able to come near to, or to come to parley with; nor have they found
+there any peculiar animals or birds, excepting that especially in the
+Swaene-revier [*] they have seen a species of black swans, three of which
+they have brought to Batavia alive, which we should have been glad to
+send over to Your Worships, but that shortly after their arrival here
+they all of them died one after another. Nor, so far as we know, have
+they met with any vestiges of the lost ship de Ridderschap van Hollant or
+of any other bottoms, either in those parts or near the islands of
+Amsterdam and St. Paulo, so that in sum nothing of any importance has
+been discovered in this exploratory voyage. Only, we must not omit to
+mention that in an island situated in 25° S.L. near or before the
+South-land, they have found fastened to a pole, which though half-rotten
+stood still erect, a common pewter dish of medium size, which had been
+flattened and nailed to the pole aforesaid, where they found it still
+hanging; the said dish bearing the following words engraved on it, still
+distinctly legible:
+
+[* Opposite to the Rottenest island.]
+
+"A.D. 1616, on the 25th of October there arrived here the ship den
+Eendragt, of Amsterdam; supercargo Gillis Miebais, of Liege; skipper
+Dirck Hartog, of Amsterdam; she set sail again for Bantam, on the 27th
+do.; subcargo Jan Steyn, upper-steersman Pieter Ledocker van Bil."
+
+This old dish which skipper Willem de Vlaming brought us, has now
+likewise been handed to the Commander [*] in order to be delivered to
+Your Worships, who with us will no doubt stand amazed that the same has
+for so long a series of years been preserved in spite of its being
+exposed to the influence of sky, rain and sun [**].
+
+[* Viz. of the fleet with which this letter was sent to the Netherlands.]
+
+[* The dish would seem to be no longer extant.]
+
+In the same spot they have again erected a new pole with a flattened
+pewter dish nailed to it in commemoration of their visit, having first
+had the following inscription engraved on the dish, as is more amply set
+forth in the Journals:
+
+"A.D. 1697, on the 4th of Febr. there arrived here the ship de Geelvinck,
+skipper Willem de Vlaming, of Vlieland; assistant Joannes van Bremen, of
+Copenhaguen; upper-steersman Michiel Blom, of Bremen; the hooker de
+Nijptang, skipper Gerrit Collart, of Amsterdam; assistant Theodorus
+Heermans, of do.; upper-steersman Gerrit Gerrits, of Bremen; the galiot
+'t Weseltje, master Cornelis de Vlaming, of Vlieland; steersman Coert
+Gerrits, of Bremen; the whole of our flotilla sailed from here on the
+12th do., in order to explore the South-land with destination for
+Batavia" [*]
+
+[* This dish was afterwards brought to Paris by the French expedition,
+with the ships l'Uranie and la Physicienne (1817-1820), (see L. DE
+FREYCINET, _Voyage autour du monde, sur les corvettus l'Uranie et la
+Physicienne_, Historique, Paris, 1825. pp. 449, 482-486) and would seem
+to be no longer extant there. An evidently inaccurate copy of the
+inscription engraved on the dish, is here reproduced on a reduced scale
+from _Planche 14_ of the _Atlas Historique_ accompanying De Freycinet's
+work.]
+
+[Map No. 12. Opschrift op den schotel, door Willem De Vlamingh op het
+Zuidland achtergelaten (Inscription on the dish, left by Willem De
+Vlamingh at the Southland), 1697.]
+
+{Page 85}
+
+And since it is our intention, in order to let Your Worships have the
+more information and satisfaction touching this voyage, to dispatch to
+the Netherlands again in the last return-ships sailing from here, the
+ex-leader of the expedition, Skipper Willem de Vlaming Senior, together
+with his upper-steersman Michiel Blom, they having not yet returned from
+Bengal with their ships Geelvinck and Nijptang, but being expected every
+day, therefore we shall not trouble Your Worships with further
+particulars, but would beg leave to refer you to their verbal reports for
+ampler information touching their experiences in the said expedition...
+
+In the Castle of Batavia, on the last day of November, 1697.
+
+B.
+
+_Journal kept by Skipper WILLEM DE VLAMINGH on his voyage with the ships
+de Geelvinck, Nijptang and T'Weseltje via Trestan da Cunha, the Cape, the
+islands of Peter and Paul, and the South-land to Batavia, begun on May 3,
+1696, and ended March 20, 1697. [*]_
+
+[* This is the only journal of this voyage that I have found in the Old
+Colonial Archives at the Hague. I have not printed it here--so far as the
+South-land is concerned, it wil be found printed in LEUPE, Zuidland, pp.
+153-184--for two reasons: 1st because it differs only slightly from a
+journal of the voyage printed in 1701, of which MAJOR, Terra Australis,
+pp 120-133 gives a translation; and 2nd, because the two charts
+immediately following in the text (Nos. 13 and 14) give an excellent
+survey of the results of this voyage of discovery.]
+
+{Page 86}
+
+C.
+
+_Chart of the South-land, made and surveyed by Willem De Vlamingh in
+1696-1697. [*]_
+
+[* This chart was not made on the voyage, but is the work of ISAAC DE
+GRAAFF, cartographer to the E.I.C. from 1690 to 1714.]
+
+[Map No. 13. Kaart van het Zuidland, bezeild door Willem De Vlamingh in
+1696-1697 door ISAAC DE GRAAFF (Chart of the South-land, made and
+surveyed by Willem De Vlamingh in 1696-1697)]
+
+
+{Page 87}
+
+D.
+
+_Chart of the Malay Archipelago, the north- and west-coasts of Australia,
+etc. [*]_
+
+[* This chart is likewise the work of ISAAC DE GRAAFF (1690-1714). It
+gives a survey of the results of De Vlamingh's voyage, and may also do
+duty as a general record of the Dutch discoveries on the north- and
+west-coast of Australia in the 17th century. The dotted (uncertain) line
+on the N.W. coast is supplemented by the chart of Van der Wall's
+discovery in 1678 (No. 11).]
+
+_(See folding Chart, marked No. 14.)_
+
+[Map No. 14. Uitslaande kaart van den Maleischen Archipel, de Noord- en
+West-kusten van Australië door ISAAC DE GRAAFF (Folding chart of the
+Malay Archipelago, the North- and West-coast of Australia) 1690-1714]
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XXXIII.
+
+
+(1705). FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE NORTH-COAST OF AUSTRALIA BY THE
+SHIPS VOSSENBOSCH, COMMANDED BY MAARTEN VAN DELFT, DE WAIJER UNDER
+ANDRIES ROOSEBOOM, OF HAMBURG, AND NIEUW-HOLLAND OR NOVA-HOLLANDIA,
+COMMANDED BY PIETER HENDRIKSZOON, OF HAMBURG.
+
+A.
+
+_Instructions_ (by the G.-G. and Counc., dated January 20, 1705) _for the
+officers of the Frigate de Geelvink, along with the Pinnace de Kraanvogel
+and the Patchiallang Nova Guinea, destined to set out for the outside
+coast of the said Nova Guinea; as also for the Flute Vossenbos, together
+with the Pinnace de Doradus [*] and the Patchiallang Nieuw Holland,
+having destination for the bay of Hollandia Nova._
+
+[* Afterwards replaced by the pinnace de Waijer.]
+
+[Various] considerations have determined us to dispatch you from here on
+a cruise, in such fashion that the frigate Geelvinck together with the
+pinnace Craanvogel and the patchiallang Nova Guinea, mentioned in the
+heading of the present, will first run from here directly for Banda...and
+from Banda continue their voyage to the coast of Nova Guinea.
+
+In the same manner we annex sailing instructions for the officers of the
+ship Vossenbosch, which together with the pinnace de Doratus and the
+patchiallang Nieuw Holland, likewise above mentioned, will first run for
+our Castle of Concordia in Timor, and then continue her voyage to
+Hollandia Nova, in such fashion as you will for your guidance find
+further amplified below...
+
+You will in the first place have diligently to observe, whether there is
+anywhere a passage from the outside to the inside, and this not only as
+regards Nova Guinea, but also as concerns Hollandia Nova, so that these
+orders...will have to be acted up to not only by the officers of the
+Geelvinck, but also by those of the Vossenbosch; and you should take
+special care, in case you should find such real or seeming passage, not
+to run too far into it, lest you should be carried away by currents in
+the same, and run the risk of accidents; on which account the examination
+of such passages should nowise be undertaken by the frigate or by the
+flute, but only by a pinnace or patchiallang; never to any farther
+distance than the experienced sailors in the same shall deem advisable to
+enable a safe return out of the said passages, and in no case so far as
+to get out of anchoring depth...
+
+{Page 88}
+
+And furthermore, as sailing instructions for the officers of the flute
+[Vossenbosch], over and above that which should be applicable to them in
+the instructions given up to now, it has been resolved to enjoin them
+that having reached Timor...they will thence set sail from the
+north-eastern extremity of the said island, and shape their course
+south-eastward as far as 11° S. Lat. and 148Ω° Longitude, whence on an
+eastward course they will run in sight of Van Diemensland in Hollandia
+Nova, which point is said to consist altogether of islands, a matter that
+will thus be cleared up. From there this coast will have to be further
+followed to eastward as far as Aarnemsland and the Drooge eyland, which
+will have to be skirted and surveyed both on the inside and outside;
+next, the coast aforesaid will have to be followed as far as Van der
+Lijns eiland, which you will examine in the same way as you have done the
+Drooge eyland. You will then continue your voyage as far as Lemmens bogt
+and Abel Tasmans baay and Waterplaats, and from there run for Cape Van
+Diemen, which having rounded you will follow the coast of Carpentaria in
+a northward direction along Sweeris, Van der Ljns, Van Diemens and Staten
+rivers, until you have passed the Nassauw river, which according to the
+chart has its mouth beset with numerous sand-banks and shallows. Next,
+running past Cape Keerweer, the Carpentier river, the Hooge eyland and
+the Groote vuyle imbocht, together with the Oranjen river, and having
+rounded the great projecting point of the Meeuen river, you will run
+along the bay of Keerweer then following, always along the coast in a
+westerly direction, past the Doodslagers revier, de Waterplaets, until
+you have got beyond Goening Apy, Moordenaers revier and the Wesels
+eyland, and also beyond Speelmans river and Rijkloffs bays, after which
+you will make the point of Ony, whence you will cross over along Keffing
+in Banda, as has already been noted in passing...
+
+The commander of the flute Vossenbosch aforesaid, in case the whole bight
+of Nova Hollandia, owing to adverse weather or defects of the ship,
+cannot be made according to these our instructions so as to enable her to
+be back in Banda at the end of September, will be empowered with the
+advice of the ship's council, from the Drooge eylant aforesaid to cross
+over to the Meeuen river, situated nearly N.W. and S.E. of each other,
+and thereby to shorten the voyage to that extent, always provided that no
+other means can be found...
+
+If in...Nova Hollandia you should happen to come upon unknown Indians, of
+whom you might without violence or risk, and of their own free will,
+bring two or three with you hither, such men might possibly prove of
+great use in subsequent voyages, but this point we leave to your own
+judgment and discretion, as you shall find circumstances to shape
+themselves.
+
+Victuals and provisions for all your ships for the space of 10 months
+have been ordered on board here...
+
+In the Castle of Batavia, January 20, 1705.
+
+{Page 89}
+
+B.
+
+_A Report and account [dated October 6, 1705] of what has been discovered
+and found noteworthy in the voyage of the flute Fossenbosch, the pinnace
+d'Waijer and the patsjallang Nova Hollandia, dispatched from Batavia to
+Hollandia Nova aforesaid by way of Timor, by the Supreme Government
+of India, A.D. 1705; as collected and digested from the written
+journals [*] and verbal narratives of the officers returned, by the
+Councillors-Extraordinary HENRICK SWAARDECROOM and CORNELIS CHASTELIJN,
+commissioned for this purpose; the whole to serve as a report to be
+delivered to His Worship Governor-General JOAN VAN HOORN and the Lords
+Councillors of India. [**]_
+
+[* I have not found these journals.]
+
+[* I have not printed this Report, 1st because it has been edited by
+LEUPE in _Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde van
+Nederlandsck-Indie_, Nieuwe Volgreeks, I, pp. 193-201; 2nd because an
+English translation of it is given in MAJOR, Terra Australis, pp. 165-173;
+3rd because chart No. 15 excellently represents the results of this
+voyage. The reproduction being on a reduced scale, some names of places
+are not so clearly legible as could be wished, but they will be found
+referred to in my Introduction.]
+
+C.
+
+_Chart of Hollandia Nova, further discovered A.D. 1705 by the ships
+Vossenbosch, de Wajer and Nova Hollandia, which left Timor on March 2
+[*]._
+
+[* On July 12 the ships discontinued their voyage of discovery, and
+returned to Banda, where they arrived about a fortnight later.]
+
+{Page 90}
+
+[Map No. 15. Kaart van (Chart of) Hollandia Nova, nader ontdekt anno 1705
+door (more exactly discovered by) de Vossenbosch, de Waijer en de Nova
+Hollandia]
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XXXIV.
+
+
+(1721-1722). EXPLORATORY VOYAGE BY ORDER OF THE WEST-INDIA COMPANY
+"TO THE UNKNOWN PART OF THE WORLD, SITUATED IN THE SOUTH SEA TO WESTWARD
+OF AMERICA", BY THE SHIPS AREND AND TIENHOVEN, AND THE AFRICAN GALLEY,
+COMMANDED BY MR. JACOB ROGGEVEEN, JAN KOSTER (IN THE SHIP AREND),
+CORNELIS BOUMAN (IN THE SHIP TIENHOVEN), AND ROELOF ROSENDAAL (IN THE
+AFRICAN GALLEY).
+
+Although the history of this voyage, begun from the Texel on August 1,
+1721, does not form part of the subject here treated, I mention it in
+passing merely to note that among other places the ships touched at
+Paasch-eiland, and at the Paumatos and Samoa island-groups, and reached
+Java along the north-coast of New Guinea. The journal of this voyage is
+preserved in the Hague State Archives and has been edited by the Zealand
+Genootschap der Wetenschappen. (Middelburg, 1838).
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 91}
+
+
+
+XXXV.
+
+
+(1727).THE SHIP ZEEWIJK, COMMANDED BY JAN STEIJNS, LOST ON THE
+TORTELDUIF ROCK.
+
+A.
+
+_Letter of the G.-G. and Counc. to the Managers of the E.I.C., October
+31, 1728._
+
+...On the 26th of April there arrived here quite unexpectedly with the
+patchiallang de Veerman a note from the ex-skipper and the subcargo of
+the Zealand ship Zeewijk, Jan Steijns and Jan Nebbens, written from Sunda
+Strait...informing us that the said ship, after sailing from the Cape of
+Good Hope [*] on April 21 [1727], had on June 9 following run aground on
+the reef situated before the islands called Fredrik Houtmans Abriolhos
+near the South-land in 29° S.L., also known as the Tortelduijf islands;
+that favoured by good weather the men had saved from the wreck all kinds
+of necessaries, and with the loosened woodwork had constructed a kind of
+vessel, with which they had set out from there on the 26th of March, and
+arrived in the aforesaid strait on the 21st of April last...
+
+[* The ship had sailed from the Netherlands, November 7, 1726.]
+
+[We] have found...not only that the ex-skipper Jan Steijns has, against
+his positive instructions and against the protests of the steersmen, too
+recklessly sailed near the South-land, and thereby been the cause of this
+disaster, but also that he has attempted to impose upon his superiors by
+falsified journals, hoping thereby, if possible, to conceal his grievous
+mistake...
+
+The situation of the islands on whose outermost reef the ship Zeewijk has
+run aground, is shown by the annexed small chart [*]. They lie out of
+sight of the South-land, and are partly overgrown with brushwood, edible
+vegetables, etc...here have been discovered not only a number of wells
+dug by human hands, but also certain vestiges of a Dutch ship, presumably
+also lost on the reef aforesaid...
+
+[* To the Netherlands were sent "two charts of the situation of the Reef,
+and of the islands aforementioned" (charts 16 and 17 _below_).]
+
+[Map No. 16. Kaarte betreffende de schipbreuk der Zeewijk (Chart,
+concerning the shipwreck of the Zeewijk) 1727.]
+
+[Map No. 17. Kaarte betreffende de schipbreuk der Zeewijk (Chart,
+concerning the shipwreck of the Zeewijk) 1727.]
+
+B.
+
+_Journal or daily register, kept [by the second steersman Adriaan (Van)
+de Graeff] on board the sho Zeewijk;_ after the miscarriage of the same,
+_on the wreck stuck fast on a rocky reef near the unknown Southland;_ and
+a few days after, _in the island [*]._
+
+[* This journal is of no interest for our purpose, and I mention it _pro
+memoria_ only. The charts sufficiently record the results.]
+
+C.
+
+_Chart drawn by JAN STEIJNS. (No. 16)._
+
+D.
+
+_Chart drawn by ADRIAAN (VAN) DE GRAAF [*]. (No. 17.)_
+
+[* Later in the XVIII century (_inter alia_ in 1755 and 1765) the
+West-coast of Australia was again visited by Dutch ships, but what we
+know about this point is of no significance.]
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 92}
+
+
+
+XXXVI.
+
+
+(1756). EXPLORATORY VOYAGE OF THE SHIPS RIJDER. AND BUIS, COMMANDED
+BY LIEUTENANT JEAN ETIENNE GONZAL AND FIRST LAVIENNE LODEWIJK VAN
+ASSCHENS, TO THE GULF OF CARPENTARIA.
+
+_Report of the "Master Cartographer" at Batavia, GERRIT DE HAAN, to the
+G.-G., and Counc. September 30, 1756._
+
+Pursuant to Your Honourable Worships' highly honoured orders, the
+undersigned has the honour to submit to Your Honourable Worships a report
+concerning the voyage made by the small bark-ships de Rijder and de Buijs
+to the South-land, so far as the same has been touched at by them, as
+Your Honourable Worships may be pleased further to gather from the
+annexed charts [*].
+
+[* I have not found either these charts or any journals of this
+expedition.]
+
+On the 8th of February, 1756 the two ships set sail together from this
+roadstead...
+
+On March 26 they were overtaken by a violent storm off the Banda islands,
+so that they got separated, and the ship Buijs, finding it impossible to
+stand out to sea, entered the port of Banda on March 28; the ship Rijder
+held out with fore- and mizen-sails struck until the weather got better,
+and not knowing that the ship Buys had returned to port, continued her
+voyage. On April 4 those on board the ship Rijder sighted Cape Falso in
+Lat. 7° 54' S., in 5 and 4Ω fathom; they then shaped their course to the
+S.E. and afterwards to the S.S.E., until on April 10 they saw the high
+land of Carpentaria, known by the name of hoog Eijland, near which they
+found an island not known to the chart, to which island they gave the
+name of Rijders Eijland. From the hooge Eyland a reef runs out to sea a
+distance of nearly three miles coming close to the Rijders Eyland...They
+then shaped their course along the land in order to get into the bay, in
+depths Of 8, 7, 7Ω, 6Ω fathom sandy bottom, at which last depth they came
+to anchor on April the 16th, where they estimated themselves to be about
+two miles off shore. On the 17th do. they went ashore with the boat for
+the first time in order to ascertain the nature of the coast. On landing
+they found a number of cabins constructed of the bark of trees; they also
+saw a man who fled into the wood at their approach, and a small prow or
+species of vessel also made of bark, together with some fishing-tackle
+and a kind of assagays made of branches of trees, from 4 to 9 feet long,
+tipped at one end with a small piece of bone ground to a sharp point. The
+fishing-lines seemed to be twisted out of fibrous bark, and, instead of
+hooks, had pointed claws of beasts fastened to them. The land was
+overgrown with tall grass, and they saw a number of fine dells or
+valleys, through which flowed various small rills of fresh water; the
+trees were very tall and straight, of regular growth and of different
+kinds, some of which would, as they presumed, furnish excellent timber
+for ships' masts, yards, etc. The soil was very rich, and on the whole
+the country looked very promising. They remained there, making various
+landings, and taking in firewood and water, till the 26th of April, when
+they put to sea again...shaping their course E.N.E. close to the wind in
+depths Of 5, 6 or 7 fathom, following the trend of the coast till they
+had got into 10° 30' S. Lat., where they cast anchor on April 28, in
+order to explore the land also in this latitude. They found nothing worth
+mentioning, however, {Page 93} except a few more cabins or huts of the
+kind before described, the inmates of which took to the wood as soon as
+our men appeared. They dragged the boat on the {Page 94} beach here, and
+repaired the same, remaining there till the 13th of May, waiting for the
+ship de Buys. On that day they resolved to continue their voyage, shaping
+their course along the land as high as they could in order to keep the
+same alongside; but they lost sight of the land all the same, and became
+aware that the said land lay at least one degree more to southward than
+the chart had led them to believe. On the 24th of May they again sighted
+the land in 12° 18' S. Lat.; it showed as a very low-lying coast, whose
+trend they followed close inshore. In Lat. 12° 26' South they cast anchor
+in 10 fathom good anchoring-ground. As they were lying at anchor at about
+1 or 1Ω mile's distance from the shore, they saw two of the prows above
+described paddle up to the ship, each of them containing two men, who,
+when they had got near the ship, by signs and cries began to signify to
+our men that they wished them to come ashore. The following day, being
+the 26th of May, our men went ashore at daybreak, and on landing found
+several persons there, who, however, all took to flight directly. They
+also saw two dogs, not unlike so-called Bengal jackals. The persons who
+had fled, shortly after returned to them, when they found them armed with
+the assagays above described. They were accompanied by a number of
+females who had their privities covered with a kind of small mats. The
+natives then all of them sat down on the beach near our men, who made
+signs to them that they were seeking fresh water; upon which the natives
+got up and signified to our men their willingness to show them the places
+where water was obtainable. Nor were our men deceived, for after walking
+on along the beach for some time, they were conducted to a pleasant
+valley with fine trees such as those above described. This seemed to be
+the dwelling-place of the natives, for our men saw here more women and
+children and also a number of primitive dwellings, merely consisting of
+sheltered places under the trees partly covered in with bark. The water
+which they found here, welled up out of the earth in pits dug by human
+hands. After having inspected the whole place, they went back to the
+beach, where they found the two prows in which the natives had previously
+approached the ship. As our men were seated on the beach, nineteen
+natives came up to them, all of them with bodies daubed over with red;
+when the said natives were by our men treated to some arrack with sugar,
+they began to make merry and even struck up a kind of chant, at the
+conclusion of which they retired to the wood again.
+
+In the morning of the 27th our men went ashore again for the purpose of
+attempting to get hold of one or two natives, but did not succeed in
+doing so that day, because they landed too late to lure the natives to
+the beach. Early in the morning of the 28th they again landed in order to
+execute their plan; on their arrival the natives came up to them dancing
+and singing, sat down close to them, laid aside their so-called assagays
+or weapons, and again enjoyed the liquor with which our men plied them.
+While they were thus making merry, our men seized hold of two of them
+[*], upon which the others jumped to their feet, snatched up their
+assagays and began to throw them at our people without, however, wounding
+any one; except that the ship's clerk, who in flying tried to seize one
+of the natives round the body, was in the scuffle slightly wounded in the
+hand; upon this, our men fired a volley, wounding one of the natives, who
+thereupon all of them fled into the bush. Our people then tried to drag
+to the boat the two men they had got hold of, but as they were tying
+their {Page 95} arms and legs together, one of them by frantic biting and
+tearing contrived to get loose and effect his escape. Shortly after
+upwards of fifty natives again made their appearance, throwing assagays,
+but they also took to their heels, when our people let off another volley
+of musketry, after which our men succeeded in carrying off their one
+prisoner to the boat.
+
+[* A sorry return for kindness received!]
+
+{Page 96}
+
+On the 29th of May, the wind being S.E. and S.E. by E. with a top-gallant
+gale, they put to sea again, running S.S.W. close by the wind in from 10
+to 11 fathom good anchoring-ground. At noon they found their latitude to
+be 12° 31' South, and dropped anchor in 10 fathom good anchoring-ground,
+at about 1 or 1Ω mile's distance from the land, their compasses showing
+3° 49' north-easterly variation.
+
+On the 3Oth of May, as they were lying at anchor, two small prows came to
+within half a mile of the ship and then paddled back to shore.
+
+On the 31st of May, the wind being East and E.S.E., with a top-gallant
+gale, they set sail close to the wind on a southerly course. At noon they
+took the latitude of 12° 44' South, having passed depths of 10 and 10Ω
+fathom. At sunset the countercurrent forced them to drop anchor before
+the Mosselbaaij.
+
+On the 1st of June, the wind being E.S.E. and S.E. by E. with a weak
+top-gallant gale, they set sail over depths of 10Ω, 11, 12 and latterly
+10Ω fathom again, good anchoring ground, upon which they dropped anchor
+in the forenoon. At noon it fell a calm, and they took the latitude of
+12° 51' South, the compasses showing 3° 3' north-easterly variation.
+
+In the morning of June 2 the wind varied between East, E.S.E., and S.E.,
+and then went round to S.W. by S.; they sent the boat ashore in search of
+fresh water, since in the latitude they had now reached the chart showed
+a fresh-water river. When the boat returned alongside, they were informed
+that there was an excellent watering-place close by, where the water came
+rushing down the rocks, and also a fine inland lake, near which the men
+had seen a great number of birds of various kinds, together with certain
+foot-prints of large animals. In the drawing or chart this spot has been
+named Rijders waterplaats situated in 12° 57' S. Lat.
+
+On the 3rd of June, the wind blowing from the East to E.S.E. with a fresh
+breeze, they set sail for the watering-place aforesaid in 11, 10, 11Ω,
+9Ω, 9 and 8 fathom, good anchoring ground and muddy sand, in which they
+dropped anchor at two glasses in the afternoon.
+
+From the 4th to the 12th of June they overhauled the ship, took in water
+and firewood, and repaired the boat. During this time no natives were
+seen by them.
+
+On the 13th of June, the wind being E.S.E. and S.E. by E. with a weak
+top-gallant gale, they put to sea again, following the trend of the coast
+on a course between W.S.W. and S. by E...over depths of 8, 8Ω, 9, and 10
+fathom, good anchoring-ground with pebbles and small shells. At noon they
+took the latitude of 12° 2' South, and in the afternoon the head-current
+forced them to come to anchor.
+
+On the 14th of June, the wind varying between S.E. by E. and South, they
+set sail running close by the wind on a southerly and S. by E. course in
+9, 9Ω, 10 and 11 fathom sandy bottom. At noon their estimated course and
+distance performed since sunrise were S.S.W. half a point westerly, and
+2Ω miles, the latitude taken being 13° 8' South. In the afternoon the
+wind was S.S.W. by W. with a weak breeze and occasional calms; they
+sounded from 11 to 8 fathom sandy bottom with black spots and pebbles; at
+the depth last mentioned they came to anchor at the first glass of the
+dog-watch, slightly to southward of de Rijdershoek, about 1 or 1º mile
+off shore, the compasses showing 3° 45' north-easterly variation.
+
+{Page 97}
+
+On the 15th of June the wind blew from the S.E. to the E.S.E. in the
+morning and during the day, with a moderate and fresh breeze. At sunrise
+they went ashore with the boat in search of whatever might be worth
+noting. At noon they took the latitude of 13° South. Towards sunset the
+boat returned alongside, reporting that, as they were pulling ashore, and
+were at about a quarter of a mile's distance from the land, a canoe in
+shape like those before described came paddling up to them, containing
+two men who made signs for them to come ashore; and when with great
+difficulty they had got ashore through the surf, the two natives of the
+canoe had already fled into the bush; shortly after, however, eleven men
+and five females again came running up to them, armed with the assagays
+hereinbefore described, who directly tried to take our men's hats off
+their heads, and on being prevented from doing so, forthwith prepared to
+throw their weapons; but when our men fired a shot, they all fled except
+a youth, whom our people carried on board along with the canoe aforesaid,
+this man being the younger of the two natives brought hither. Our men had
+also come upon a large pond containing fresh water, which, however, was
+difficult to get to the ship. On the whole the country looked promising
+enough, and when cultivated would probably prove very fertile. The
+natives mainly subsist on the roots of trees and wild fruits such as
+batatas or oubis, together with small quantities of fish which they catch
+in their canoes. They also seemed to have some knowledge of gold, when
+lumps of the same were shown them. Round by the south the natives are
+somewhat more tractable than those farther to northward. Between the 11th
+and 12th degrees the trend of the coast is S.W. by S. and N.E. by N.,
+next S.S.W. and N.N.E. down to the 13th degree; then running on due south
+as far as the eye reaches. The coast is mainly level without any reefs,
+and may be approached sounding.
+
+On the 16th of June...they resolved to depart from there, since the
+season was passing, and they could only with great difficulty make any
+headway or run higher, while, besides, they had only two anchors and
+cables left. They then shaped their course to westward for Aarnems land.
+At noon they took the latitude of 13° 3' South course held as before.
+
+On the 17th of June in the forenoon the wind was E. by S. and E.S.E. with
+a moderate and fresh top-gallant gale, stiffening to a reefed topsail
+gale. At noon their estimated course and distance performed in the last
+24 hours were W. by N. 25Ω miles; estimated Latitude 12° 44' South;
+Latitude taken 12° 36' South; course held as before; no land in sight.
+
+From the 18th to the 23rd their course was mainly westerly, with variable
+winds and good weather.
+
+On the 24th of June the wind was S.E. by S., E.S.E. and S.E. by E. in the
+morning and forenoon, with a stiff reefed topsail-gale. Shortly after
+noon they sighted the mainland of Nova Hollandia, S.S.W. of them, showing
+as a very low-lying coast; they passed over depths of 15, 14, 13, 12, 11,
+10, 9, and 8Ω fathom, good anchoring ground and muddy sand, keeping a
+N.W. by W. course, since the shallows prevented them from running nearer
+to the land than where they could just sight it from the ship's deck;
+they next got into 9, 10 and 11 fathom again as before, and dropped
+anchor at sunset.
+
+On the 25th of June the wind was S.S.E. to S.E. in the morning and
+forenoon with a moderate top-gallant gale, a brightening sky and good
+weather. At daybreak, as they were weighing anchor, the cable snapped
+off, and the buoy having disappeared, they thus lost their third anchor,
+so that they had only one left. They therefore resolved to call at the
+island of Timor, and shaped their course to N.W. by W. over {Page 98}
+depths of 11, 10, 10Ω and 8 fathom; they next steered higher in order to
+get into deeper water, and thus passed over 12, 7,  8, 15, 9, 10, 12, 14,
+13, 7, 5, 3Ω, 4, 5, 6, afterwards running up to 20 fathom, muddy bottom.
+At noon their estimated course and distance performed were N.W. by W.
+slightly Northerly, 5Ω Miles; their estimated latitude 11° 30' South;
+Latitude taken 11° 37' South; estimated distance from the land 9 or 9Ω
+miles.
+
+They next shaped their course to north-west in these known waters, and on
+the 3rd of July following sighted the island of Rottie to westward of
+them...
+
+The ship de Buys, having, as hereinbefore mentioned, put into the port of
+Banda on the 28th of March, and having there again been provided with all
+necessaries, set sail from there again on April 1, shaping her course to
+eastward. On April 23 she sighted the land of Carpentaria, and the
+so-called Cape Keerweer, when she was in the observed latitude Of 12° 58'
+South, so that the land was found to be at least 12 miles more to
+eastward than it was believed to be. They had sounded depths of 20, 18,
+15, 13, 12, and 11Ω fathom, sandy bottom, at which last depth they came
+to anchor shortly after sunset.
+
+On the 24th of April the wind was E.S.E. by S. in the morning and
+forenoon with a weak top-gallant gale and fine weather; at daybreak they
+got their boat ready and made her sail ahead of them in order to take
+soundings; they then weighed anchor and set sail, keeping an E.N.E. and
+N.E. course close to the wind in 11Ω, 12, 13, 12, and 11Ω fathom, sharp
+sandy bottom with small pebbles. At noon their estimated latitude was 12°
+54' South, and their estimated distance from the land 4 or 4Ω miles. At
+sunset they observed Cape Keerweer E. º point N. of them, and the
+interior point looking to the river E.N.E. They had sounded depths of
+11Ω, 10Ω, 11, and 12 fathom sandy bottom, at which last depth they came
+to anchor just after sunset. In the course of the day they had seen a
+good deal of smoke ascend from the land.
+
+On April the 25th the wind was E., E.N.E., and N.N.E. in the morning and
+forenoon, with a weak breeze and fine weather. They weighed anchor at
+daybreak and set sail on a northern course close by the wind over depths
+of 12, 14, 15 and 17 fathom sandy bottom. At noon their estimated
+latitude was 12° 42' South; the wind continued variable with occasional
+calms; the land here showed level with a red and white beach; the
+interior seemed to be covered with straight, tall trees as far as the eye
+reached. At sunset they came to anchor and during the night had a
+moderate top-gallant gale with good weather.
+
+On the 26th of April the wind was E. and E. by S. in the morning and
+forenoon, with a fresh breeze and fine weather. At daybreak they weighed
+anchor and set sail, shaping their course between N.N.W. and N.N.E.; in
+the forenoon they observed a pretty high hill N.E. by N. º point N. and a
+red point N.N.E. Ω point E. of them. They also came upon a deep bay or
+bight named Vliegenbaay, in which the trees on shore were hardly visible
+from the top-mast. The N. corner of the said bay is here known by the
+name of Aschens hoek. At noon their estimated latitude was 12° 16' South.
+They also saw columns of smoke rising up, and thought they could discern
+men and cabins. At sunset they came to anchor in 12Ω fathom. During the
+night the wind was variable.
+
+On the 27 th of April the wind was E. by S.E. in the morning and forenoon
+with a fresh topsail breeze, a covered sky and dry weather. At daybreak
+they weighed anchor and set sail on a N.N.E. course over depths between
+12Ω and 14 fathom good anchoring-ground. The land here begins to fall off
+to eastward. They here saw a {Page 99} river with an island lying off its
+mouth, the river being known as Batavia River, and the island as Buys
+Eijland. At noon they took the approximate latitude of 11° 38' South.
+They repeatedly saw columns of smoke rising up from the land; in the
+afternoon they came to anchor in 11 fathom coarse sand, about 4 miles Off
+the shore.
+
+On the 28th of April the wind was E. and E.S.E. in the morning and
+forenoon; they weighed anchor and set sail on a N.E. course. At noon they
+took the latitude of 11° 29' South, being then 3Ω miles off shore, and
+having passed depths of 11 and 10 fathom, coarse sand and good
+anchoring-ground. In the afternoon the wind blew from the E.S.E., S.E.,
+S., S.S.W., with a moderate top-gallant gale and fine weather; course
+held N.E. by E. and N.E.Ω% point N.; they still kept sailing along
+low-lying land only.
+
+On the 29th of April the wind was S.S.E. and S.E. in the morning and
+forenoon, with a fresh topsail breeze; at daybreak they weighed anchor
+and set sail on courses between N.N.E. and N.N.W. over depths of 10, 12,
+10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 7,  8, 9 fathom, hard foul bottom; they estimated
+themselves to be at 3 miles' distance off the land. At noon their
+estimated latitude was 11° 3' South; in the afternoon the wind blew from
+the S.E. with a fresh topsail breeze. At 2 o'clock they came to anchor,
+since they estimated themselves to be close to Van Spults river; at 3
+miles' distance from the land they were in 8 fathom.
+
+On the 30th of April the wind was S.E. by E. and S.E. in the morning and
+forenoon, with a fresh breeze. They got the boat ready for the purpose of
+taking soundings ahead. At noon their estimated latitude was 10° 56'; at
+4 o'clock they had nearly lost sight of the boat, and fired a gun charged
+with ball in order to recall the same, but the boat not returning, they
+kept a light burning at the top-mast, and during the night fired a gun
+now and then. In this way they waited for the boat until the 12th of May,
+when they finally resolved to depart from there, since their stock of
+water and firewood would not allow of their waiting longer. On board the
+missing boat were two steersmen, to wit, Hendrick Snijders and Pieter van
+der Meulen, one quartermaster and five common sailors.
+
+On the 12th of May the wind was E.S.E. and S.E. in the morning and
+forenoon, with a moderate top-gallant gale and good weather. At daybreak
+they weighed anchor and set sail on a western course from the shallows,
+passing over depths of 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 fathom fine grey sand. At noon
+their estimated latitude was 10° 55' South. In the afternoon and during
+the night they had good weather with occasional showers of rain; next
+running W.N.W., they sighted the island of Timoor Laudt on the 20th of
+May.
+
+...From the above Your Honourable Worships will gather that Lieutenant
+Jean Etienne Gonzal, in command of the small bark de Rijder, has executed
+Your Honourable Worships' honoured orders, so far as the shores of the
+Land of Carpentaria are concerned; but that no exploration of the
+interior has been undertaken as enjoined by Your Honourable Worships'
+instructions [*] and no landing has been effected on the coast of Nova
+Hollandia, because they had only one anchor left, so that such landing
+was judged too hazardous to be undertaken. Of the part borne in this
+expedition by the first mate Lavienne Lodewijk Aschens who was in command
+of the small bark de Buys, the undersigned can make Your Honourable
+Worships no report worth any serious consideration, since his statements
+and annotations are so misleading that it is evident {Page 100} at first
+sight that he can never have had any first-hand knowledge or ocular view
+of the matters referred to by him, seeing that he has hardly ever been
+nearer to the land than 3 miles off it, at which distance, however, he
+pretends to have seen a river with a small island before its mouth,
+together with natives, cabins, etc.; all which seems impossible to the
+undersigned on a level coast such as this, nor has he made any landing on
+the said coast, although, contrary to Your Honourable Worships' orders,
+he has sailed along it from the south to the north a distance Of 40
+miles, before the mishap of the loss of the boat came to pass, as Your
+Honourable Worships may further gather from the annexed rough sketch of a
+chart [**] of the coast sent in by him...
+
+[* I have not printed these instructions, as they are not of sufficient
+interest for our purpose.]
+
+[* I have not found this chart.]
+
+[At foot:]
+Your Honourable Worships' Obedient Servant
+[signed]
+W. G. DE HAAN.
+[in margine:] Batavia, September 30, 1756.
+
+* * * * *
+
+[Map No. 5. Uitslaande Kaart van het Zuidland door HESSEL GERRITSZ
+(Folding chart of the Southland).]
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 101}
+
+
+
+INDEX OF PERSONS.
+
+
+Asschens, (Lavienne Lodewijk Van)
+Bewindhebbers der Nederlandsche Oost-Indische Compagnie, (Heeren Majores)
+Blom, (Michiel)
+Bounian, (Cornelis)
+Bremen, (Joannes Van)
+Brouwer, (Hendrik)
+Buysero, (Cornelis)
+
+Carstensz (oon), Jan
+Chastelijn, (Cornelis)
+Claeszoon van Hillegom, (Haevick)
+Cock, (Daniel Janssen)
+Coen, (Jan Pieterszoon)
+Collaert, (Gerrit)
+Cook, (James)
+Coolsteerdt of Colster, (Willem Joosten Van)
+Corneliszoon, (Maarten)
+
+Dampier, (William)
+Dedel, (Cornelis)
+Dedel, (Jacob)
+Delft, (Maarten Van)
+Diemen, (Antonio Van)
+Dircksz, (Pieter)
+Dirkszoon, (Pieter)
+Dortsman, (Adriaan)
+
+Eckebrecht, (Philippus)
+Engelschen
+
+Gerrits, (Coert)
+Gerrits, (Gerrit)
+Gerritsz, (Hessel)
+Gonzal (Jean Etienne)
+Gouverneur-Generaal en Raden (Hooge Regeering) te Batavia
+Graaff, (Isaac De)
+Graeff, (Adriaan Van de)
+
+Haan, (W. Gerrit De)
+Haen, (Dirk Corneliszoon)
+Haghen, (Steven Van der)
+Hartogs(zoon), (Dirk)
+Heermans, (Theodorus)
+Hendrikszoon, (Pieter)
+Hermansz(oon), Klaes
+Holman, (Yde Tjerkszoon)
+Hoorn, (Joan Van)
+Houtman, (Frederik De)
+
+Jacobsz(oon), Lenaert
+Jansz., (Jan)
+Jansz(oon), Gerrit
+Janszoon van Buiksloot, (Reyer)
+Jansz(oon), Willem, Koopman
+Jansz(oon), Willem, schipper
+Jansz., (Willemtje)
+Jonck, (Aucke Pieterszoon)
+Jongh, (Wollebrand Geleynszoon De)
+
+Keppler, (Joannes)
+Koos, (Jasper Janszoon),
+Koster, (Jan)
+
+Lastman, (C. I.)
+Ledoecker van Bil(?), (Pieter)
+Leeuw (Arend Martensz. De)
+Le Maire, (Jacques)
+Linschoten, (Jan Huygen van)
+Lintiens (Pieter)
+Lijn, (Cornelis Van der)
+
+Maetsuyker, (Joan)
+Melisz(oon), Dirk
+Meulen, (Pieter Van der)
+Miebaise, (Gilles)
+
+Nebbens, (Jan)
+Nuijts, (Pieter)
+
+Peereboom, (Jacob Pieterszoon)
+Pelsaert, (François)
+Pieterszoon, (Pieter)
+Pool, (Gerrit Thomaszoon)
+Portugeezen,
+Purry, (J. P.)
+
+Reael, (Laurens)
+Roggeveen, (Jacob)
+Rooseboom, (Andries)
+Roosenbergh, (J. Van)
+Roosendaal, (Roelof)
+Rosingeyn, (Jan Lodewijkszoon)
+Rumphius, (G. E.)
+
+Schouten, (Willem Corneliszoon)
+Seebaer van Nieuwelant
+Snijders, (Hendrik)
+Spanjaarden
+Speult, (Herman Van)
+Staten-Generaal der Vereenigde Nederlanden
+Steyn, (Jan)
+Steyns, (Jan)
+Swaardecroon, (Hendrik)
+
+Tasman, (Abel Janszoon)
+Thijssen of Thijszoon, (François,)
+Torres, (Luis Vaez de)
+
+Verschoor, (Jan Willemsen)
+Victorszoon, (Victor)
+Visscher, (Frans Jacobszoon)
+Vlamingh, (Cornelis De)
+Vlamingh, (Willem De)
+Volckertsz(oon) (Samuel)
+Voss, (Jan)
+
+Wall, (Jan Van der)
+West-Indische Compagnie
+Willemsz. van den Briel, (Jan)
+Witsen, (Nicolaas Corneliszoon)
+Witt, (Gerrit Frederikszoon De)
+Wytfliet, (Cornelis)
+
+Zeeuw, (Jan Janszoon), 73-74.
+
+{Page 103}
+
+
+
+INDEX OF SHIPS.
+
+
+Afrikaansche Galei, (De)
+Amsterdam, (De)
+Arend, (De)
+Arnhem, (De)
+
+Batavia, (De)
+Bracq, (De)
+Buys, (De)
+
+Doradus, (De)
+Dordrecht, (De)
+Duifken (Het)
+
+Eendracht, (De), onder Dirk Hartogs
+Eendracht, (De), onder Le Maire en Schouten
+Elburg, (De)
+Emeloord, (De)
+
+Galias, (De)
+Geelvink, (De)
+Goede Hoop, (De)
+Gulden of Vergulden Draak, (De)
+Gulden Zeepaard (Het)
+
+Haring, (De)
+Hazewind, (De)
+Heemskerk, (De)
+Hoorn, (De)
+
+Klein-Amsterdam, (De)
+
+Leeuwerik, (De)
+Leeuwin, (De)
+Leiden, (De)
+Limmen, (De)
+
+Mauritius, (De)
+
+Nova-Hollandia, (De)
+Nijptang, (De)
+
+Pera, (De)
+
+Ridderschap van Holland
+Rijder, (De)
+
+Texel (De)
+Tienhoven, (De)
+
+Utrecht (De)
+
+Vianen, (Viane, Viana), De
+Vink, (De)
+Vliegende Zwaan, (De)
+Vossenbosch, (De)
+
+Wakende Boei, (De)
+Wapen van Amsterdam, (Het)
+Wapen van Hoorn, (Het)
+Waijer, (De)
+Wezel, (De)
+Wezeltje, (Het)
+Witte Valk, (De)
+
+Zeehaen, (De)
+Zeemeeuw, (De)
+Zeewolf, ( De)
+Zeewijk, (De)
+
+{Page 104}
+
+
+
+INDEX OF LOCALITIES.
+
+
+Abel Tasmans baai
+Abel Tasman's passagie
+Alofi
+Alhier liggen, bergen
+Arnhemsland
+Asschenshoek
+
+
+Barrom-eilanden
+Bass-Straat
+Batavia's kerkhof
+Batavia (Rivier)
+Bathurst-eiland
+Beach
+Bedriegershoek
+Boompjeshoek
+Boscawen, zie Tafahi
+Buyseiland
+
+Caap Falso, zie Valsche Kaap
+Carpentaria (Golf van)
+Carpentaria ('t Land van)
+Carpentier, (Rivier De)
+Ceram of de Papues (onzeker, uncertain)
+Clappes Cust, zie Klapperkust
+Coburg-schiereiland
+Coen (Rivier)
+
+Dampier-archipel
+Dedelsland
+De Witt's land
+Dirk Hartogseiland
+Dirk Hartogsreede
+Drie Bergen's bocht
+Drooge bocht
+Drooge eiland
+Droge Hoek
+Duivelsklip
+Dundas-straat
+
+Eendrachtsland
+Exmouth Gulf
+
+Fidji-groep
+Fortuynshoek
+Fotuna
+Frederik Houtman (Klippen van), zie Houtmans Abrolhos
+
+Garden-island
+Geographe Bay
+Groote eiland (Het)
+Groote vuile inbocht
+
+Hoefijzer-hoek
+Hoek van Calmoerie
+Hoek van Canthier
+Hoek van Goede Hoop
+Hoek van Onier
+Hooge eiland (Het), aan Australië's Westkust. (High-island)
+Hooge land van Carpentaria of Hoog eiland
+Hoop (de Goede), zie Nino-fa.
+Hoornsche eilanden, zie Fotuna en Alofi.
+Houtmans Abrolhos (Houtman's Rocks)
+
+I. d'Edels landt, zie Dedelsland.
+
+Jacob Remessens (Remens- of Rommerrivier)
+Jan Melcher's Hoek
+Java (Mayor of Groot-)
+Java (Zuidkust van)
+
+Kaap Van Diemen
+Keerweer (Kaap) aan de Golf van Carpentaria
+Keerweer (aan de Zuidwestkust van Nieuw-Guinea,)
+Keppel, zie Niutabutabu.
+Klapperkust
+Kliphoek
+Kokoseiland; zie Tafahi.
+Konijnenberg
+
+Land van de Eendracht, zie Eendrachtsland.
+Land van de Leeuwin
+'t Land van Nova-Guinea
+Land van Pieter Nuijts; zie Nuijtsland.
+Leeuwin (Kaap)
+Leeminnenhoek, zie Kaap Leeuwin.
+Limmensbocht
+Lucach
+
+Maarten Van Delft's baai
+Maletur
+Maria-eiland
+Maria's Hoek
+Maria's Land
+Meeuwenrivier
+Melville-baai
+Melville-eiland
+Mitchell River
+Monte Bello-eilanden
+Mornington-eiland
+Mosselbaai
+
+Nassau (Rivier)
+Nieuw-Guinea (Noordkust van)
+Nieuw-Guinea of Nova Guinea (Zuidwestkust van)
+Nieuw-Holland
+Nieuw-Nederland
+Nieuw-Zeeland
+Nino-fa
+Niutabutabu
+Noordcust van Australië
+Noordwestkust van Australië
+Northwest Cape
+Nova Hollandia
+Nuijtsland
+
+Oostkust van Australië
+Oranjehoek
+Oranjerivier
+
+Paasch-eiland
+Pantjallingshoek
+Paumotoe-groep
+Perth
+Pieter Frederik's Hoek
+Pieter Frederik's rivier
+Prinses Marianne-straat
+Prins Frederik Hendrik-eiland
+Prins Wales-eiland
+
+Robben-eiland
+Roode Hoek
+Rooseboomshoek
+Rottenest (Eiland)
+Rustenburg
+Rijders-eiland
+Rijdershoek
+Rijders Waterplaats
+
+Sarnoa-groep
+Scherpe Hoek
+Schrale Hoek
+Sharks Bay
+Sint François (Eiland)
+Sint Pieter (Eiland)
+Sneeuwbergen, (Mountains covered with snow)
+Southland (see Zuidland).
+Sp(e)ult, (Rivier Van)
+Speultsland or -eiland (Van)
+Statenland, zie Nieuw-Zeeland.
+Staten-rivier
+Steenbokskeerkring
+Sweers-rivier
+
+Tafahi
+Tasmanië
+Terra Australis
+Terra incognita
+Tonga-groep
+Toppershoedje
+Torres-straat
+Tortelduif-eiland (Turtle Dove island)
+Triall (De)
+
+Valsche Bocht
+Valsche Kaap
+Valsche Westhoek
+Van der Lijns-eiland, zie Groote eiland.
+Van der Lijn's rivier
+Van Diemens-golf
+Van Diemensland
+Van Diemens-land, zie Tasmanië
+Van Diemen's rivier
+Vereenigde rivier
+Verraders-eiland, zie Niutabutabu.
+Vlakke hoek
+Vlaming-head
+Vleermuis-eiland, (Het)
+Vossenbos' ruige hoek
+Vuile Bocht
+Vuil eiland, viii.
+Vuile Hoek (Foul point)
+
+Waterplaats
+Waterplaats bij Van Diemensland, (Noordkust van Australië)
+Waterplaats (10° 50')
+Waterplaats (12° Z.B. en 160 1/3° O.L.)
+Waterplaats (12° 33')
+Waterplaats (15° 30')
+Waijershoek
+Wessel-eiland
+Westeinde van Nova Guinea
+Westkust van Australië
+Willems-rivier
+Witte Hoek
+W. Sweers'hoek
+
+York, (Schiereiland, Peninsula)
+
+Zuidland, (Het)
+Zuidwestkust van Australië
+Zuidzee, (De)
+Zwanerivier
+
+
+
+THE END
+
+
+
+17TH CENTURY DUTCH SURNAMES by PETER REYNDERS, (SEPTEMBER 2004.)
+
+Surnames, in the meaning of family names, were relatively uncommon in the
+United Provinces (Holland) in the sixteenth and early seventeenth
+century. Most people identified themselves using patronymics--a reference
+to the first name of their father--as a second name. They were registered
+as such at birth. Willem Janszoon would have been the son of Jan (i.e.
+Jan's zoon). If Willem J. had a son called Thomas he would have been
+registered as Thomas Willemszoon. Because it was unwieldy to spell the
+full patronymic, it was common practice to abbreviate written names by
+omitting the 'oon' and adding an abbreviation point, Jansz., or by using
+the so called internal abbreviation Janszn without such point. The name
+was however always pronounced in full and generally still is in the
+Netherlands where this bit of common knowledge is taught at school.
+
+Therefore when writing for readers in the English speaking world where
+this kind of abbreviation is not recognized as such, we should always
+write the name in full, Janszoon, Jacobszoon, Bastiaenszoon, etc., when
+referring to people of that period. If we do not, we cause the person to
+be known by another name one syllable shorter in the English speaking
+world. We inadvertently mislead.
+
+Jansz, Jansen, Janssen, Janzen etc are known as petrified (or frozen)
+patronymics and were derived from Janszoon when it became more common
+(and under Napoleon legally compulsory) to have a family name. These are
+the surnames that still exist today; Janszoon is not in use any more, but
+for one family. The shorter unabbreviated name Jansz therefore is
+typically NOT a name from the early 17th century.
+
+Historians in Australia, unaware of this bit of linguistic inside
+information, have faithfully copied abbreviated names from 17th century
+documents and subsequent publications, often without the abbreviation
+point and as a result the family names such as Jansz, Jansen, Jantsen,
+etc. were widely used to indicate Australia's first recorded European
+mariner. There seems to be an effort being made today by those in the
+know, including by people of the State Library of NSW, the Duyfken Replica
+Foundation, the VOC Historical Society, Australia on the Map 1606-2006,
+etc., to call the gentleman in question (Willem) Janszoon with two
+syllables including in writing. And it is catching on as it is not hard
+to understand how this 'Jansz error' crept into Australian history.
+
+Some publishers of English historical literature when correctly presented
+by authors with text containing these patronymics with the abbreviation
+point added, have simply removed the points arguing that this 'full stop'
+in the middle of sentences is confusing for the English reader, thereby
+wrongly embedding the abbreviated name as the real one in the readers'
+minds. This happened for example with the text of "Batavia's Graveyard"
+according the Cambridge educated historian Mike Dash, its author. This is
+the more reason to write the full name in the first place.
+
+The message therefore is simple: do not use abbreviated patronymics when
+writing, in English, about 16th and 17th century Dutchmen and nobody will
+be confused.
+
+
+
+
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+<div style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765, by J. E. Heeres</div>
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+<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</div>
+<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: J. E. Heeres</div>
+<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: January 3, 2006 [eBook #17450]<br />
+[Most recently updated: October 15, 2021]</div>
+<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div>
+<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div>
+<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: Colin Choat</div>
+<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DISCOVERY OF AUSTRALIA ***</div>
+
+<h4>* Refer to the <a href="#reynders">note</a> at the end of
+this ebook for an explanation, by Peter Reynders, of usage regarding 17th Century
+Dutch Surnames.</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+<div class="fig" style="width:55%;">
+<img src="images/cover.jpg" style="width:100%;" alt="[Illustration]" />
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h1>THE PART BORNE BY THE DUTCH IN THE DISCOVERY OF AUSTRALIA 1606-1765.</h1>
+
+<h3>BY</h3>
+
+<h2>J. E. HEERES, LL. D.</h2>
+
+<h4>PROFESSOR AT THE DUTCH COLONIAL INSTITUTE DELFT</h4>
+
+<hr />
+<h3>PUBLISHED BY THE ROYAL DUTCH GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY IN
+COMMEMORATION OF THE XXVth ANNIVERSARY OF ITS FOUNDATION</h3>
+
+<div class="fig" style="width:100%;">
+<a name="maps-19"></a>
+<img src="images/heeres-19.jpg" width="600" height="341" alt="[Illustration: ]" />
+<p class="caption">(No. 19. Little map of the world from the Journal of the Nassau fleet, 1626)</p>
+</div>
+
+<h4>LONDON<br />
+LUZAC &amp; CO, 46 GREAT RUSSELL STREET W. C.<br />
+1899</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+<p><a href="#books">List of books, discussed or referred to in
+the work</a></p>
+
+<p><a href="#maps">List of Maps and Figures</a></p>
+
+<p><a href="#intro">Introduction</a></p>
+
+<p><a href="#documents">DOCUMENTS:</a><br />
+<a href="#doc-01">I.</a> Dutch notions respecting the Southland
+in 1595<br />
+<a href="#doc-02">II.</a> Notices of the south-coast of New
+Guinea in 1602<br />
+<a href="#doc-03">III.</a> Voyage of the ship Duifken under
+command of Willem Jansz(oon) and Jan Lodewijkszoon Rosingeyn to
+New Guinea.--Discovery of the east-coast of the present Gulf of
+Carpentaria (1605-1606)<br />
+<a href="#doc-04">IV.</a> Fresh expedition to New Guinea by the
+ship Duifken (1607)<br />
+<a href="#doc-05">V.</a> Voyage of the ships Eendracht and Hoorn,
+commanded by Jacques Le Maire and Willem Corneliszoon Schouten
+through the Pacific Ocean and along the north-coast of New Guinea
+(1616)<br />
+<a href="#doc-06">VI.</a> Project for the further discovery of
+the Southland--Nova Guinea (1616)<br />
+<a href="#doc-07">VII.</a> Voyage of de Eendracht under command
+of Dirk Hartogs(zoon). Discovery of the West-coast of Australia
+in 1616: Dirk Hartogs-island and -road, Land of the Eendracht or
+Eendrachtsland (1616)<br />
+<a href="#doc-08">VIII.</a> Voyage of the ship Zeewolf, from the
+Netherlands to India, under the command of supercargo Pieter
+Dirkszoon and skipper Haevik Claeszoon van Hillegom.--Further
+discovery of the West-coast of Australia (1618)<br />
+<a href="#doc-09">IX.</a> Voyage of the ship Mauritius from the
+Netherlands to India under the command of supercargo Willem
+Jansz. or Janszoon and skipper Lenaert Jacobsz(oon). Further
+discovery of the West-coast of Australia.--Willems-rivier
+(1618)<br />
+<a href="#doc-10">X.</a> Further discovery of the South-coast of
+New-Guinea by the ship Het Wapen van Amsterdam? (1619?)<br />
+<a href="#doc-11">XI.</a> Voyage of the ships Dordrecht and
+Amsterdam under commander Frederik De Houtman, supercargo Jacob
+Dedel, and skipper Reyer Janszoon van Buiksloot and Maarten
+Corneliszoon(?) from the Netherlands to the East-Indies.--Further
+discovery of the West-coast of Australia: Dedelsland and
+Houtman's Abrolhos (1619)<br />
+<a href="#doc-12">XII.</a> Voyage of the ship Leeuwin from the
+Netherlands to Java.--Discovery of the South-West coast of
+Australia.--Leeuwin's land (1622)<br />
+<a href="#doc-13">XIII.</a> The Triall. (English discovery)--The
+ship Wapen van Hoorn touches at the West-coast of Australia.--New
+projects for discovery made by the supreme government at Batavia
+(1622)<br />
+<a href="#doc-14">XIV.</a> Voyage of the ships Pera and Arnhem,
+under command of Jan Carstenszoon or Carstensz., Dirk Meliszoon
+and Willem Joosten van Colster or Van Coolsteerdt.--Further
+discovery of the South-West coast of New Guinea. Discovery of the
+Gulf of Carpentaria (1623)<br />
+<a href="#doc-15">XV.</a> Voyage of the ship Leiden, commanded by
+skipper Klaas Hermansz(oon) from the Netherlands to
+Java.--Further discovery of the West-coast of Australia
+(1623)<br />
+<a href="#doc-16">XVI.</a> Discovery of the Tortelduif island
+(rock) (1624?)<br />
+<a href="#doc-17">XVII.</a> Voyage of the ship Leijden, commanded
+by skipper Daniel Janssen Cock, from the Netherlands to Java.
+Further discovery of the West-coast of Australia (1626)<br />
+<a href="#doc-18">XVIII.</a> Discovery of the South-West coast of
+Australia by the ship Het Gulden Zeepaard, commanded by Pieter
+Nuijts, member of the Council of India, and by skipper Francois
+Thijssen or Thijszoon (1627)<br />
+<a href="#doc-19">XIX.</a> Voyage of the ships Galias, Utrecht
+and Texel, commanded by Governor-General Jan Pieterszoon
+Coen.--Further discovery of the West-coast of Australia
+(1627)<br />
+<a href="#doc-20">XX.</a> Voyage of the ship Het Wapen van Hoorn,
+commanded by supercargo J. Van Roosenbergh.--Further discovery of
+the West-coast of Australia (1627)<br />
+<a href="#doc-21">XXI.</a> Discovery of the North-West coast of
+Australia by the ship Vianen (Viane, Viana), commanded by Gerrit
+Frederikszoon De Witt.--De Witt's land (1628)<br />
+<a href="#doc-22">XXII.</a> Discovery of Jacob Remessens-,
+Remens-, or Rommer-river, south of Willems-river (before
+1629)<br />
+<a href="#doc-23">XXIII.</a> Shipwreck of the ship Batavia under
+commander Francois Pelsaert on Houtmans Abrolhos. Further
+discovery of the West-coast of Australia (1629)<br />
+<a href="#doc-24">XXIV.</a> Further surveyings of the West-coast
+of Australia by the ship Amsterdam under commander Wollebrand
+Geleynszoon De Jongh and skipper Pieter Dircksz, on her voyage
+from the Netherlands to the East Indies (1635)<br />
+<a href="#doc-25">XXV.</a> New discoveries on the North-coast of
+Australia, by the ships Klein-Amsterdam and Wesel, commanded by
+(Gerrit Thomaszoon Pool and) Pieter Pieterszoon (1636)<br />
+<a href="#doc-26">XXVI.</a> Discovery of Tasmania (Van
+Diemensland), New Zealand (Statenland), islands of the Tonga- and
+Fiji-groups, etc. by the ships Heemskerk and de Zeehaen, under
+the command of Abel Janszoon Tasman, Frans Jacobszoon Visscher,
+Yde Tjerkszoon Holman or Holleman and Gerrit Jansz(oon)
+(1642-1643)<br />
+<a href="#doc-27">XXVII.</a> Further discovery of the Gulf of
+Carpentaria, the North and North-West coasts of Australia by the
+Ships Limmen, Zeemeeuw and de Bracq, under the command of Tasman,
+Visscher, Dirk Corneliszoon Haen and Jasper Janszoon Koos
+(1644)<br />
+<a href="#doc-28">XXVIII.</a> Exploratory voyage to the
+West-coast of Australia round by the south of Java, by the ship
+Leeuwerik, commanded by Jan Janszoon Zeeuw (1648)<br />
+<a href="#doc-29">XXIX.</a> Shipwreck of the Gulden or Vergulden
+Draak on the West-coast of Australia, 1656.--Attempts to rescue
+the survivors, 1656-1658.--Further surveyings of the West-coast
+by the ship de Wakende Boei, commanded by Samuel Volckerts(zoon),
+and by the ship Emeloord, commanded by Aucke Pieterszoon Jonck,
+(1658)<br />
+<a href="#doc-30">XXX.</a> The ship Elburg, commanded by Jacob
+Pieterszoon Peereboom, touches at the South-West coast of
+Australia and at cape Leeuwin, on her voyage from the Netherlands
+to Batavia (1658)<br />
+<a href="#doc-31">XXXI.</a> Further discovery of the
+North-West-coast of Australia by the ship de Vliegende Zwaan,
+commanded by Jan Van der Wall, on her voyage from Ternate to
+Batavia in February 1678<br />
+<a href="#doc-32">XXXII.</a> Further discovery of the West-coast
+of Australia by the ship Geelvink, under the skipper-commander of
+the expedition, Willem De Vlamingh, the ship Nijptang, under
+Gerrit Collaert, and the ship het Wezeltje, commanded by Cornelis
+De Vlamingh (1696-1697)<br />
+<a href="#doc-33">XXXIII.</a> Further discovery of the
+North-coast of Australia by the ships Vossenbosch, commanded by
+Maarten Van Delft, de Waijer under Andries Rooseboom, of Hamburg,
+and Nieuw-Holland or Nova-Hollandia, commanded by Pieter
+Hendrikszoon, of Hamburg (1705)<br />
+<a href="#doc-34">XXXIV.</a> Exploratory voyage by order of the
+West-India Company "to the unknown part of the world, situated in
+the South Sea to westward of America", by the ships Arend and the
+African Galley, commanded by Mr. Jacob Roggeveen, Jan Koster,
+Cornelis Bouman and Roelof Roosendaal (1721-1722)<br />
+<a href="#doc-35">XXXV.</a> The ship Zeewijk, commanded by Jan
+Steijns, lost on the Tortelduif rock (1727)<br />
+<a href="#doc-36">XXXVI.</a> Exploratory voyage of the ships
+Rijder and Buis, commanded by lieutenant Jan Etienne Gonzal and
+first mate Lavienne Lodewijk Van Asschens, to the Gulf of
+Carpentaria (1756)</p>
+
+<p><a href="#index">INDICES.</a> (Persons, Ships, Localities)</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="maps"></a>LIST OF MAPS AND FIGURES.</h3>
+
+<p><a href="#maps-01">No. 1</a> Gedeelte der (Part of the)
+<i>Orbis terrae compendiosa describtio</i><br />
+<a href="#maps-02">No. 2</a> Gedeelte der (Part of the) <i>Exacta
+&amp; accurata delineatio cum orarum maritimarum tum etjam
+locorum terrestrium, quae in regjonibus China...una cum
+omnium vicinarum insularum descriptjone ut sunt Sumatra, Java
+utraque</i><br />
+<a href="#maps-03">No. 3</a> Zuidoostelijk gedeelte der Kaart
+(South-eastern part of the Map) <i>Indiae Orientalis Nova
+descriptio</i><br />
+<a href="#maps-04">No. 4</a> Caert van (Chart of) 't Land van
+d'Eendracht Ao 1627 door HESSEL GERRITSZ<br />
+<a href="#maps-05">No. 5</a> Uitslaande Kaart van het Zuidland
+door HESSEL GERRITSZ (Folding chart of the Southland).<br />
+<a href="#maps-06">No. 6</a> Kaart van het Zuidland van (Alap of
+the Southland by) JOANNES KEPPLER en PHILIPPUS ECKEBRECHT,
+1630<br />
+<a href="#maps-07">No. 7</a> Kaart van den opperstuurman AREND
+MARTENSZ. DE LEEUW, der Zuidwestkust van Nieuw Guinea en der
+Oostkust van de Golf van Carpentaria (Chart, made by the upper
+steersman Arend Martensz. De Leeuw, of the Southwest coast of
+New-Guinea and the East-coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria)<br />
+<a href="#maps-08">No. 8</a> Kaart van (Chart of) Eendrachtsland,
+1658<br />
+<a href="#maps-09">No. 9</a> Kaart van (Chart of) Eendrachtsland,
+1658<br />
+<a href="#maps-10">No. 10</a> Kaart van (Chart of)
+Eendrachtsland, 1658<br />
+<a href="#maps-11">No. 11</a> Kaart van de Noordzijde van 't
+Zuidland (Chart of the North side of the Southland), 1678<br />
+<a href="#maps-12">No. 12</a> Opschrift op den schotel, door
+Willem De Vlamingh op het Zuidland achtergelaten (Inscription on
+the dish, left by Willem De Vlamingh at the Southland), 1697.<br />
+<a href="#maps-13">No. 13</a> Kaart van het Zuidland, bezeild
+door Willem De Vlamingh, in 1696-1697 door ISAAC DE GRAAFF (Chart
+of the South-land, made and surveyed by Willem De Vlamingh in
+1696-1697)<br />
+<a href="#maps-14">No. 14</a> Uitslaande kaart van den Maleischen
+Archipel, de Noord- en West-kusten van Australië door ISAAC
+DE GRAAFF (Folding chart of the Malay Archipelago, the North- and
+West-coast of Australia) 1690-1714<br />
+<a href="#maps-15">No. 15</a> Kaart van (Chart of) Hollandia
+Nova, nader ontdekt anno 1705 door (more exactly discovered by)
+de Vossenbosch, de Waijer en de Nova Hollandia<br />
+<a href="#maps-16">No. 16-17</a> Kaarten betreffende de
+schipbreuk der Zeewijk (Charts, concerning the shipwreck of the
+Zeewijk) 1727.<br />
+<a href="#maps-18">No. 18</a> Typus orbis terrarum uit GERARDI
+MERCATORIS Atlas...De Novo...emendatus...studio JUDOCI HONDIJ,
+1632.<br />
+<a href="#maps-19">No. 19</a> Wereldkaartje uit het Journaal van
+de Nassausche Vloot (Little map of the world from the Journal of
+the Nassau fleet), 1626</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="books"></a>LIST OF BOOKS DISCUSSED OR REFERRED TO IN
+THE WORK.</h3>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Aa (PIETER VAN DER), Nauwkeurige Versameling der
+gedenkwaardigste Zee- en Landreysen na Oost- en West-Indiën,
+Mitsgaders andere Gewesten (Leiden, 1707).</li>
+
+<li>S. d. B. Historie der Sevarambes...Twede druk. t'Amsterdam,
+By Willem de Coup (enz.). 1701. Het begin ende voortgangh der
+Vereenighde Nederlantsche Geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische Compagnie
+(II). Gedruckt in 1646.</li>
+
+<li>BURNEY, Chronological history of the voyages and discoveries
+in the South Sea, Deel III (London, Luke Hansard, 1813).</li>
+
+<li>Bandragen tot de taal- land- en volkenkunde van Nederlandsch
+Indië, nieuwe volgreeks, I (1856).</li>
+
+<li>A F. CALVERT, The Discovery of Australia. (London, Liverpool,
+1893).</li>
+
+<li>G. COLLINGRIDGE, The discovery of Australia. (Sydney, Hayes,
+1895).</li>
+
+<li>Remarkable Maps of the XVth, XVIth &amp; XVIIth centuries.
+II. III. The geography of Australia. Edited by C. H. COOTE
+(Amsterdam, Frederik Muller, 1895).</li>
+
+<li>L. C. D. VAN DIJK. Mededeelingen uit het Oost-Indisch
+Archief. No. 1. Twee togten naar de Golf van Carpentaria.
+(Amsterdam, Scheltema, 1859).</li>
+
+<li>LOUIS DE FREYCINET, Voyage autour du monde, entrepris par
+ordre du roi, executé sur les corvettes de S. M. l'Uranie
+et la Physicienne, pendant les années 1817, 1818, 1819,
+1820.--Historique. (Paris, Pillet ainé, 1825).</li>
+
+<li>J. F. GERHARD. Het leven van Mr. N. Cz. Witsen. I (Utrecht,
+Leeflang, 1881).</li>
+
+<li>J. E. HEERES, Bouwstoffen voor de geschiedenis der
+Nederlanders in den Maleischen Archipel, III. ('s Gravenhage,
+Nijhoff, 1895).</li>
+
+<li>J. E. HEERES. Dagh-Register gehouden int Casteel Batavia Anno
+1624-1629. Uitgegeven onder toezicht van...('s Gravenhage,
+Nijhoff, 1896).</li>
+
+<li>Abel Janszoon Tasman's journal of his discovery of Van
+Diemens land and New Zealand in 1642...to which are added Life
+and Labours of Abel Janszoon Tasman by J. E. HEFRES...(Amsterdam,
+Frederik Muller, 1898).</li>
+
+<li>Iovrnael vande Nassausche Uloot...Onder 't beleyd vanden
+Admirael JAQUES L'HEREMITE, ende Vice-Admirael Geen Huygen
+Schapenham, 1623-1626. T'Amstelredam, By Hessel Gerritsz ende
+Jacob Pietersz Wachter. 't Jaer 1626.</li>
+
+<li>J. K. J. DE JONGE De opkomst van het Nederlandsch gezag in
+Oost-Indië, 1. ('s-Gravenhage, Amsterdam, MDCCCLXIV); IV.
+(MDCCCLXIX.)</li>
+
+<li>P. A. LEUPE. De Reizen der Nederlanders naar het Zuidland of
+Nieuw-Holland, in de 17e en 18e eeuw. (Amsterdam, Hulst van
+Keulen, 1868).</li>
+
+<li>LINSCHOTEN (JAN, HUYGEN VAN). Itinerario, Voyage ofte
+Schipvaert naer Oost ofte Portugaels Indiën...'t Amstelredam
+by Cornelis Claesz. op 't VVater, in 't Schriff-boeck, by de Oude
+Brugghe. Anno CICICXCVI.</li>
+
+<li>R. H. MAJOR. Early voyages to Terra Australis, now called
+Australia (London, Hackluyt Society, MDCCCLIX).</li>
+
+<li>GERARDI MERCATORIS atlas sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de
+Fabrica mundi et fabricati figura. De novo multis in locis
+emendatus novisque tabulis auctus Studio IUDOCI HONDIJ.
+Amsterodami. Sumptibus Johannis Cloppenburgij. Anno 1632.</li>
+
+<li>A. E. NORDENSKI&Ouml;LD. Facsimile-Atlas to the early history
+of cartography. (Stockholm, MDCCCLXXXIX).</li>
+
+<li>A. E. NORDENSKI&Ouml;LD. Periplus.--Translated from the
+Swedish original by F. A. Bather. (Stockholm,
+MDCCCLXXXXVII).</li>
+
+<li>PURCHAS his Pilgrimes Contayning a History of the World in
+Sea voyages, and lande-Travells by Englishmen and others
+(HACKLUYTUS POSTHUMUS).</li>
+
+<li>A. RAINAUD. Le Continent Austral. (Paris, Colin, 1893).</li>
+
+<li>Dagverhaal der ontdekkings-reis van Mr. JACOB ROGGEVEEN...in
+de jaren 1721 en 1722. Uitgegeven door het Zeeuwsch Genootschap
+der Wetenschappen.--Te Middelburg, bij de gebroeders Abrahams.
+1838.</li>
+
+<li>TIELE (P. A.) Mémoire bibliographique sur les journaux
+des navigateurs Néerlandais. (Amsterdam, Frederik Muller,
+1867).</li>
+
+<li>TIELE (P. A.), Nederlandsche bibliographic van land- en
+volkenkunde. (Amsterdam, Frederik Muller, 1884).</li>
+
+<li>N. CZ. WITSEN. Noord- en Oost Tartarije. (1692, enz.)</li>
+
+<li>C. WYTFLIET. Descriptionis Ptolemaicae augmentum.
+(1597).</li>
+</ul>
+
+<hr />
+<hr />
+<h2><a name="intro"></a>INTRODUCTION.</h2>
+
+<p>{Page i}</p>
+
+<h3>I.</h3>
+
+<h4>OCCASION AND OBJECT OF THE PRESENT WORK.</h4>
+
+<p>In writing my biography of Tasman, forming part of Messrs.
+Frederik Muller and Co.'s edition of the Journal of Tasman's
+celebrated voyage of discovery of 1642-1643, I was time and
+again struck by the fact that the part borne by the Netherlanders
+in the discovery of the continent of Australia is very
+insufficiently known to the Dutch themselves, and altogether
+misunderstood or even ignored abroad. Not only those who with
+hypercritical eyes scrutinise, and with more or less scepticism
+as to its value, analyse whatever evidence on this point is
+submitted to them, but those others also who feel a profound and
+sympathetic interest in the historical study of the remarkable
+voyages which the Netherlanders undertook to the South-land, are
+almost invariably quite insufficiently informed concerning them.
+This fact is constantly brought home to the student who consults
+the more recent works published on the subject, and who fondly
+hopes to get light from such authors as CALVERT, COLLINGRIDGE,
+NORDENSKIOLD, RAINAUD and others. Such at least has time after
+time been my own case. Is it wonderful, therefore, that, while I
+was engaged in writing Tasman's life, the idea occurred to me of
+republishing the documents relating to this subject, preserved in
+the State Archives at the Hague--the repository of the archives
+of the famous General Dutch Chartered East-India Company
+extending over two centuries (1602-1800)--and in various other
+places? I was naturally led to lay before Messrs. Frederik Muller
+and Co. the question, whether they would eventually undertake
+such a publication, and I need hardly add that these gentlemen,
+to whom the historical study of Dutch discovery has repeatedly
+been so largely indebted, evinced great interest in the plan I
+submitted to them.[*]</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See my Life of Tasman, p. 103, note
+10.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Meanwhile the Managing Board of the Royal Geographical Society
+of the Nether lands had resolved to publish a memorial volume on
+the occasion of the Society's twenty-fifth anniversary. Among the
+plans discussed by the Board was the idea of having the documents
+just referred to published at the expense of the Society. The
+name of jubilee publication could with complete justice be
+bestowed on a work having for its object once more to throw the
+most decided and fullest possible light on achievements of our
+forefathers in the 17th and 18th century, in a form that would
+appeal to foreigners no less than to native readers. An act of
+homage to our ancestors, therefore, a modest one certainly, but
+one inspired by the same feeling which in 1892 led Italy and the
+Iberian Peninsula to celebrate the memory of the discoverer of
+America, and in 1898 prompted the Portuguese to do homage to the
+navigator who first showed the world the sea-route to India.</p>
+
+<p>{Page ii}</p>
+
+<p>How imperfect and fragmentary even in our days is the
+information generally available concerning the part borne by the
+Netherlanders in the discovery of the fifth part of the world,
+may especially be seen from the works of foreigners. This, I
+think, must in the first place, though not, indeed, exclusively,
+be accounted for by the rarity of a working acquaintance with the
+Dutch tongue among foreign students. On this account the
+publication of the documents referred to would very imperfectly
+attain the object in view, unless accompanied by a careful
+translation of these pieces of evidence into one of the leading
+languages of Europe; and it stands to reason that in the case of
+the discovery of Australia the English language would naturally
+suggest itself as the most fitting medium of information[*]. So
+much to account for the bilingual character of the jubilee
+publication now offered to the reader.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* The English translation is the work of Mr. C.
+Stoffel, of Nijmegen.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Closely connected with this consideration is another
+circumstance which has influenced the mode of treatment followed
+in the preparation of this work. The defective acquaintance with
+the Dutch language of those who have made the history of the
+discovery of Australia the object of serious study, or even, in
+the case of some of them, their total ignorance of it, certainly
+appears to me one, nay even the most momentous of the causes of
+the incomplete knowledge of the subject we are discussing; but it
+cannot possibly be considered the only cause, if we remember that
+part of the documentary evidence proving the share of the
+Netherlanders in the discovery of Australia has already been
+given to the world through the medium of a leading European
+tongue.</p>
+
+<p>In 1859 R. H. MAJOR brought out his well-known book <i>Early
+Voyages to Terra Australis, now called Australia</i>, containing
+translations of some of the archival pieces and of other
+documents pertaining to the subject. And though, from P. A.
+LEUPE'S work, entitled <i>De Reizen der Nederlanders naar het
+Juidland of Nzeuw-Holland in de 17th en 18th eeuw</i>, published
+in 1868, and from a book by L. C. D. Van Dijk, brought out in the
+same year in which MAJOR'S work appeared, and entitled <i>Twee
+togten naar de golf van Carpentaria</i>; though, I say, from
+these two books it became evident that MAJOR'S work was far from
+complete, still it cannot be denied that he had given a great
+deal, and what he had given, had in the English translation been
+made accessible also to those to whom Dutch was an unknown
+tongue. This circumstance could not but make itself felt in my
+treatment of the subject, since it was quite needless to print
+once more in their entirety various documents discussed by MAJOR.
+There was the less need for such republication in cases which
+would admit of the results of Dutch exploratory voyages being
+exhibited in the simplest and most effective way by the
+reproduction of charts made in the course of such voyages
+themselves: these charts sometimes speak more clearly to the
+reader than the circumstantial journals which usually, though not
+always, are of interest for our purpose only by specifying the
+route followed, the longitudes and latitudes taken, and the
+points touched at by the voyagers. These considerations have in
+some cases led me only to mention certain documents, without
+printing them in full, and the circumstance that my Tasman
+publication has been brought out in English, will sufficiently
+account for the absence from this work of the journal of Tasman's
+famous expedition of 1642/3.[*]</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* I would have the present work considered as
+forming one whole with my Tasman publication and with the
+fascicule of <i>Remarkable Maps</i>, prepared by me, containing
+the Nolpe-Dozy chart of 1652-3 (Cf. my Life of Tasman, pp. 75 f).
+Together they furnish all the most important pieces of evidence
+discovered up to now, for the share which the Netherlanders have
+had in the discovery of Australia.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>{Page iii}</p>
+
+<p>The documents, here either republished or printed for the
+first time, are all of them preserved in the State Archives at
+the Hague[*], unless otherwise indicated. They have been arranged
+under the heads of the consecutive expeditions, which in their
+turn figure in chronological order. This seemed to me the best
+way to enable readers to obtain a clear view of the results of
+the exploratory voyages made along the coasts of Australia by the
+Netherlanders of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* My best thanks are due to Jhr. Th. Van Riemsdijk,
+LL. D., Principal Keeper, and to Dr. T. H. Colenbrander,
+Assistant-Keeper, of the State Archives of the
+Hague.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>For this and this only, was the object I had in view in
+selecting the materials for the present work: once more, as
+completely and convincingly as I could, to set forth the part
+borne by the Netherlanders in the discovery of the fifth part of
+the world. I have not been actuated by any desire to belittle the
+achievements of other nations in this field of human activity.
+The memorial volume here presented to the reader aims at nothing
+beyond once more laying before fellow-countrymen and foreigners
+the <i>documentary evidence</i> of Dutch achievement in this
+field; perhaps I may add the wish that it may induce other
+nations to follow the example here given as regards hitherto
+unpublished documents of similar nature. Still, it would be idle
+to deny that it was with a feeling of national pride that in the
+course of this investigation I was once more strengthened in the
+conviction that even at this day no one can justly gainsay
+MAJOR'S assertion on p. LXXX of his book, that <b>"the first
+authenticated discovery of any part of the great Southland" was
+made in 1606 by a Dutch schip</b> the Duifken. All that is
+asserted regarding a so-called previous discovery of Australia
+has no foundation beyond mere surmise and conjecture. Before the
+voyage of the ship Duifken all is an absolute blank.</p>
+
+<h3>II.</h3>
+
+<h4>CHRONOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE DUTCH DISCOVERIES ON THE MAINLAND
+COAST OF AUSTRALIA.</h4>
+
+<p>If one would distribute over chronological periods the voyages
+of discovery, both accidental and of set purpose, made by the
+Netherlanders on the mainland coast of Australia, it might be
+desirable so to adjust these periods, that each of them was
+closed by the appearance in this field of discovery and
+exploration, of ships belonging to other European nations.</p>
+
+<p>The first period, extending from 1595 to 1606, would in that
+case open with the years 1595-6, when JAN HUYGEN VAN LINSCHOTEN,
+in his highly remarkable book entitled <i>Itinerario</i>,
+imparted to his countrymen what he knew about the Far East; and
+it would conclude with the discovery of Torres Strait by the
+Spaniards in 1606, a few months after Willem Jansz. in the ship
+Duifken had discovered the east-coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria,
+the latter discovery forming the main interest of this
+period.</p>
+
+<p>The second period may be made to extend from 1606 to 1622,
+i.e. from the appearance of the Spaniards on the extreme
+north-coast of the fifth part of the world, to the year in which
+the English ship Trial was dashed to pieces on a rock to westward
+of the west-coast of Australia; the discovery of this west-coast
+by the Dutch in and after 1616, and of the south-western
+extremity of the continent in 1622, constituting the main facts
+of the period.</p>
+
+<p>{Page iv}</p>
+
+<p>We next come to the palmiest period of Dutch activity in the
+discovery of Australia (1622-1688), terminating with the first
+exploratory voyage of importance undertaken by the English, when
+in 1688 William Dampier touched at the north-west coast of
+Australia. This period embraces the very famous, at all events
+remarkable, voyages of Jan Carstensz (1623), of Pool and
+Pieterszoon (1636), of Tasman (1642-1644), of Van der Wall
+(1678), etc.</p>
+
+<p>The last period with which we wish to deal, lies between
+Dampier's arrival and Cook's first visit to these regions
+(1688-1769), and is of secondary importance so far as Dutch
+discoveries are concerned. We may just mention Willem de
+Vlamingh's voyage of 1696-1697, and Maerten van Delft's of 1705;
+Gonzal's expedition (1756) is not quite without significance, but
+the results obtained in these voyages will not bear comparison
+with those achieved by the expeditions of the preceding period.
+Besides this, the English navigator Dampier and afterwards
+Captain Cook now began to inscribe their names on the rolls of
+history, and those names quite legitimately outshine those of the
+Dutch navigators of <i>the eighteenth century</i>. The palmy days
+of Dutch discovery fell in <i>the seventeenth century</i>.</p>
+
+<p>In some such fashion the history of the Dutch wanderings and
+explorations on the coasts of Australia might be divided into
+chronological periods. The desire of being clear has, however,
+led me to adopt another mode of treatment in this Introduction: I
+shall one after another discuss the different coast-regions
+discovered and touched at by the Netherlanders.</p>
+
+<h3>III.</h3>
+
+<h4>THE NETHERLANDERS IN THE GULF OF CARPENTARIA[*]</h4>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* As regards the period extending from 1595-1644,
+see also my Life of Tasman, Ch. XII, pp. 88ff.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>We may safely say that the information concerning the Far East
+at the disposal of those Dutchmen who set sail for India in 1595,
+was exclusively based on what their countryman JAN HUYGEN VAN
+LINSCHOTEN, had told them in his famous <i>Itinerario</i>. And as
+regards the present Australia this information amounted to little
+or nothing.</p>
+
+<p>
+Unacquainted as he was with the fact that the south-coast of Java
+had already been circumnavigated by European navigators, VAN
+LINSCHOTEN did not venture decidedly to assert the insular nature
+of this island. It might be connected with the mysterious
+<b>South-land</b>, the <b>Terra Australis</b>, the <b>Terra
+Incognita</b>, whose fantastically shaped coast-line was reported
+to extend south of America, Africa and Asia, in fact to the
+southward of the whole then known world. This South-land was a
+mysterious region, no doubt, but this did not prevent its
+coast-lines from being studded with names equally mysterious: the
+charts of it showed the names of <b>Beach</b> [*], the
+gold-bearing land (provincia aurifera), of <b>Lucach</b>, of
+<b>Maletur</b>, a region overflowing with spices (scatens
+aromatibus). Forming one whole with it, figured <b>Nova
+Guinea</b>, encircled by a belt of islands.
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* That the Dutch identified Beach with the
+South-land discovered by them in 1616, is proved by No. XI A of
+the Documents <a href="#page14">(p. 14)</a>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>{Page v}</p>
+
+<p>So far the information furnished by VAN LINSCHOTEN [*]. At the
+same time, however, there were in the Netherlands persons who had
+other data to go by. In 1597 CORNELIS WIJTFLIET of Louvain
+brought out his <i>Descriptionis Plolomaicae augmentum</i>, which
+among the rest contained a chart on which not only Java figured
+as an island, but which also represented New Guinea as an island
+by itself, separated from Terra Australis. The question naturally
+suggests itself, whether this chart [**] will justify the
+assumption that the existence of <i>Torres Strait</i> was known
+to WIJTFLIET. I, for one, would not venture to infer as much,
+seeing that in other respects this chart so closely reproduces
+the vague conjectures touching a supposed Southland found on
+other charts of the period, that WIJTFLIET'S open passage between
+New Guinea and Terra Australis cannot, I think, be admitted as
+evidence that he actually knew of the existence of Torres Strait,
+in the absence of any indications of the basis on which this
+notion of his reposed. Such indications, however, are altogether
+wanting: none are found in WIJTFLIET'S work itself, and other
+contemporary authorities are equally silent on the point in
+question [***].</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See No. <a href="#doc-01">I</a> of the Documents,
+with charts Nos. <a href="#maps-01">1</a> and <a href=
+"#maps-02">2</a>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** COLLINGRIDGE, Discovery, p. 219, has a rough
+sketch of it.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[*** Cf. also my Life of Tasman, p. 89, and Note 8.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>After this digression let us return to the stand-point taken
+up by the North-Netherlanders who first set sail for the Indies
+in 1595. They "knew in part" only: they were aware that they knew
+nothing with certitude. But their mercantile interests very soon
+induced them to try to increase and strengthen their information
+concerning the regions of the East. What sort of country after
+all was this much-discussed New-Guinea, they began to ask. As
+early as 1602 information was sought from the natives of adjacent
+islands, but these proved to have "no certain knowledge of this
+island of Nova Guinea" [*]. The next step taken was the sending
+out of a ship for the purpose of obtaining this "certain
+knowledge": there were rumours afloat of gold being found in New
+Guinea!</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See <a href="#doc-02">No. II</a> of the
+Documents.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>On the 28th of November 1605 the ship <b>Duifken</b>,
+commanded by Willem Jansz., put to sea from Bantam with
+destination for New Guinea. The ship returned to Banda from its
+voyage before June of the same year. What were the results
+obtained? What things had been seen by <b>Willem Jansz.</b> and
+his men? The journal of the Duifken's voyage has not come down to
+us, so that we are fain to infer its results from other data, and
+fortunately such data are not wanting. An English ship's captain
+was staying at Bantam when the Duifken put to sea, and was still
+there when the first reports of her adventures reached the said
+town. Authentic documents of 1618, 1623, and 1644 are found to
+refer to her voyage. Above all, the journal of a subsequent
+expedition, the one commanded by Carstensz. in 1623, contains
+important particulars respecting the voyage of his predecessors
+in 1605-6. [*]</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See pp. <a href="#page28">28</a>, <a href=
+"#page42">42</a>, <a href="#page43">43</a>, <a href=
+"#page45">45</a> <i>infra</i>. I trust that these data will go
+far to remove COLLINGRIDGE'S doubt (Discovery p. 245) as to
+whether the ship Duifken sailed farther southward than 8&deg;
+15'.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>On the basis of these data we may safely take for granted the
+following points. The ship Duifken struck the south-west coast of
+New Guinea in about 5&deg; S. Lat., ran along this coast on a
+south-east course [*], and sailed past the narrows now known as
+<b>Torres Strait</b>. Did Willem Jansz. look upon these narrows
+as an open strait, or did he take them to be a bay only? My
+answer is, that most probably he was content to leave this point
+altogether undecided; seeing that Carstensz. and his men in 1623
+thought to find an "open passage" on the strength of information
+given by a chart with which they had been furnished. [**] This
+"open passage" can hardly refer to anything else than Torres
+Strait. But in that case it is clear that Jansz. cannot have
+solved the problem, but must have left it a moot point. At all
+events he sailed past the strait, through which a few months
+after him <b>Luiz Vaez de Torres</b> sailed from east to
+west.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* As regards the names given on this expedition to
+various parts of this coast, see my Life of Tasman, pp. 90-91,
+and chart No. 3 on p. 5 <i>infra</i>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** See pp. <a href="#page47">47</a>, <a href=
+"#page66">66</a> <i>infra</i>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>{Page vi}</p>
+
+<p>Jansz. next surveyed the east-coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria
+as far as about 13&deg; 45'. To this point, the farthest reached
+by him, he gave the name of <b>Kaap-Keerweer</b> [Cape
+Turn-again]. That skipper Jansz. did not solve the problem of the
+existence or non-existence of an open passage between New Guinea
+and the land afterwards visited by him, is also proved by the
+circumstance that even after his time the east-coast of the Gulf
+of Carpentaria was also called New Guinea by the Netherlanders.
+Indeed, throughout the 17th and 18th centuries the Dutch
+discoverers continued in error regarding this point. They felt
+occasional doubts on this head [*] it is true, but these doubts
+were not removed.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See <i>inter alia</i> a report of a well-known
+functionary of the E.I.C., G. E. RUMPHUS, dated after 1685 in
+LEUPE Nieuw-Guinea, p. 86: "The Drooge bocht [shallow bay], where
+Nova-Guinea is surmised to be cut off from the rest of the
+Southland by a passage opening into the great South-Sea, though
+our men have been unable to pass through it owing to the
+shallows, so that it remains uncertain whether this strait is
+open on the other side."]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>The Managers of the E.I.C. did not remain content with this
+first attempt to obtain more light [*] as regards these regions
+situated to eastward, <b>the Southland-Nova Guinea</b> as they
+styled it, using an appellation characteristic of their degree of
+knowledge concerning it. But it was not before 1623 that another
+voyage was undertaken that added to the knowledge about the Gulf
+of Carpentaria: I mean the voyage of the ships Pera and Arnhem,
+commanded by <b>Jan Carstensz.</b> and <b>Willem Joosten van
+Colstjor</b> or <b>Van Coolsteerdt</b>. [**]</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>
+[* See pp. <a href="#page6">6</a>, <a href="#page7">7-8</a>,
+<a href="#page13">13</a> and <a href="#note2p8">note 2</a> <i>infra</i>.]
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** See the Documents under No. XIV (pp. <a href=
+"#page21">21</a> ff.), and especially chart No. 7 on p. <a href=
+"#page46">46</a>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>On this occasion, too, the south-west coast of New Guinea was
+first touched at, after which the ships ran on on an eastern
+course. Torres Strait was again left alongside, and mistaken for
+a <b>Drooge bocht</b>,[*] "into which they had sailed as into a
+trap," and the error of New Guinea and the present Australia
+constituting one unbroken whole, was in this way perpetuated. The
+line of the east-coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria, "the land of
+Nova Guinea", was then followed up to about 17&deg; 8' (<b>Staten
+river</b>), whence the return-voyage was undertaken [**]. Along
+this coast various names were conferred. [***]</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* As regards the attempts to survey and explore this
+shallow water, see <i>infra</i> pp. <a href=
+"#page33">33-34</a>]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** See p. <a href="#page37">37</a>
+below.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[*** As regards this, see especially the chart on p.
+<a href="#page46">46</a>.--Cf. my Life of Tasman, pp.
+99-100.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>In the course of the same expedition discovery was also made
+of <b>Arnhemsland</b> on the west-coast of the Gulf of
+Carpentaria, and almost certainly also of the so-called <b>Groote
+Eyland</b> or <b>Van der Lijns island</b> (<b>Van
+Speultsland</b>) [*] The whole of the southern part of the gulf
+remained, however, unvisited.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See my Life of Tasman, pp. 101-102; and pp. <a
+href="#page47">47-48</a> below.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>{Page vii}</p>
+
+<p>The honour of having first explored this part of the gulf in
+his second famous voyage of 1644 is due to our countryman <b>Abel
+Janszoon Tasman</b> together with <b>Frans Jacobszoon
+Visscher</b> and his other courageous coadjutors in the ships
+<b>Limmen Zeemeeuw</b> and <b>Brak</b>. [*] <b>Abel Tasman's
+passagie</b> [course] of 1644 lay again along the south-west
+coast of New Guinea; again also Tasman left unsolved the problem
+of the passage through between New Guinea and Australia: Torres
+Strait was again mistaken for a bay. The east-coast of the Gulf
+of Carpentaria was next further explored, and various new names
+were conferred especially on rivers on this coast, which most
+probably got the name of <b>Carpentaria</b> about this time; of
+the names then given a great many continue to figure in modern
+maps. After exploring the east-coast, Tasman turned to the
+south-coast of the gulf. In this latter case the results of the
+exploration proved to be less trustworthy afterwards. Thus Tasman
+mistook for a portion of the mainland the island now known as
+<b>Mornington Island</b>; the same mistake he made as regards
+<b>Maria Eiland</b> in <b>Limmensbocht</b>. For the rest however,
+the coast-line also of the south-coast was delineated with what
+we must call great accuracy if we keep in mind the defective
+instruments with which the navigators of the middle of the
+seventeenth century had to make shift. The west-coast of the
+gulf, too, was skirted and surveyed in this voyage; Tasman passed
+between this coast and the <b>Groote (Van der Lijn's)
+eiland</b>.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See my Life of Tasman, pp. 115-118, and especially
+chart No. I of the Tasman Folio. Much information may also be
+gathered from <a href="#maps-14">chart No. 14</a> of the present
+work, since it registers almost the whole amount of Dutch
+knowledge about Australia circa 1700.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>The entire coastline enclosing the Gulf of Carpentaria had
+accordingly now been skirted and mapped out. The value of
+Tasman's discoveries in this part of Australia directly appears,
+if we lay side by side, for instance, the chart of the
+upper-steersman De Leeuw [*], who formed part of the voyage of
+1623, or Keppler's map of 1630 [**]; and Tasman's chart of 1644
+[***], or Isaac De Graaff's made about 1700 [****], which last
+gives a pretty satisfactory survey of the results of Tasman's
+voyage of 1644 so far as the Gulf of Carpentaria is concerned.
+Although Tasman's expedition of 1644 did not yield complete
+information respecting the coast-line of the Gulf, and although
+it is easy to point out inaccuracies, the additions made by this
+voyage to our knowledge on this point are so considerable that we
+may say with complete justice that while the discovery of the
+east-coast of the Gulf is due to Jansz. (1606) and Carstensz.
+(1623), it was Tasman who made known the south-coast and the
+greater part of the west-coast.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* No. 7 on p. <a href=
+"#page46">46</a>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** No. 6 on p. <a href=
+"#page10">10</a>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[*** Chart No. I in the Tasman Folio.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[**** No. <a href="#maps-14">14</a>
+below.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>More than a century was to elapse before Dutch explorers again
+were to visit the Gulf of Carpentaria. In 1756 the east- and
+west-coast of it were visited first by <b>Jean Etienne Gonzal</b>
+and next by <b>Lavienne Lodewijk van Assehens</b> [*]. The
+expedition is of little interest as regards the surveying of the
+coast-line, but these explorers got into more frequent contact
+with the natives than any of their predecessors--what especially
+Gonzal reports on this subject, is certainly worth noting. Gonzal
+also first touched at the south-west coast of New Guinea, and
+next, again without becoming aware of the real character of
+Torres Strait, sailed to the east-coast of the Gulf, skirting the
+same up to about 13&deg; S. Lat., after which he crossed to the
+west-coast. What he did there is of little interest. Van
+Asschen's experiences are of even less importance for our present
+purpose. One remark of his, however, is worth noting: he states
+namely that he found the east-coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria
+[**] to be "fully 12 miles more to eastward" than the charts at
+his disposal had led him to believe; and it would really seem to
+be a fact that Tasman had placed this coast too far to
+westward.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See No. <a href="#doc-36">XXXVI</a>
+<i>infra</i>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** The names there conferred by him on various parts
+of the coast, may be sufficiently gathered from Document No <a
+href="#doc-36">XXXVI</a>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>{Page viii}</p>
+
+<h3>IV.</h3>
+
+<h4>THE NETHERLANDERS ON THE NORTH-WEST COAST OF AUSTRALIA.</h4>
+
+<p>In a previous work [*] I have attempted to show that the
+discovery of <b>Arnhemsland</b> must beyond any doubt be credited
+to the voyage of the yacht <b>Arnhem</b>, commanded by <b>Van
+Colster</b> or <b>Van Coolsteerdt</b>, which took place in 1623.
+Since the Journal and the charts of this voyage are no longer
+available, we are without the most important data for determining
+with certainty between what degrees of longitude the Arnhemsland
+then discovered was situated. To westward of it must be sought
+<b>Van Diemens-</b> and <b>Maria's-land</b>, touched at in 1636
+by <b>Pieter Pieterszoon</b> with the ships <b>Cleen
+Amsterdam</b> and <b>Wesell</b>) [**]. There can be no doubt that
+Pieterszoon must have sailed far enough to westward to have
+passed Dundas Strait, and to have reached the western extremity
+of <b>Melville Island</b> (<b>Roode hoek</b> = red point). He
+took Dundas Strait to be not a strait, but a bay, and accordingly
+looked upon Melville Island not as an island, but as a portion of
+the mainland (<b>Van Diemensland</b>) [***].</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See my Life of Tasman, pp. 100-102, and the
+Documents under No. XIV, 2 <i>infra</i>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** See the Documents under No. <a href=
+"#doc-25">XXV</a>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[*** Maria-land lies immediately to eastward of Van
+Diemens-land, and to westward of Arnhems-land.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>In the course of these two voyages of 1623 and 1636,
+therefore, the whole of the north-west coast from <b>Melville
+Bay</b> to <b>Melville Island</b> was surveyed by Dutch ships.
+But in the absence of charts made on these voyages it is
+impossible for us to say with certainty, whether the coastline
+can have been traced with correctness. On this point also more
+light is thrown by the well-known chart of 1644, in which the
+results of Tasman's voyages are recorded. Tasman sailed along the
+whole of the coast, but in this case too, his observations were
+not on all points accurate. Thus the situation of
+<b>Wessel-eiland</b> and the islets south of it, with respect to
+the mainland, is not given correctly by him; nor has he
+apprehended the real character of Dundas Strait and of <b>Van
+Diemen's Gulf</b>, so that also according to him Melville island
+forms part of the mainland. But for the rest Tasman's chart also
+in this case approximately reproduces the coast-line with so much
+correctness, that we find it quite easy [*] to point out on the
+maps of our time the results of the Dutch voyages of discovery in
+this part of the Australian coast.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Chart No. <a href="#maps-14">14</a> below may also
+be of excellent service here.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Far more accurate, however, than Tasman's chart is the chart
+which in 1705 was made of the voyage of the ships <b>Vossenbosch,
+de Waijer</b> and <b>Nova-Hollandia</b>, commanded by <b>Maarten
+van Delft</b> [*]. This chart may at the same time be of service
+to elucidate Tasman's discoveries and those of his predecessors.
+It is to be regretted, therefore, that it only embraces a
+comparatively small portion of the north-west coast, namely the
+part extending from the west-coast of <b>Bathurst island</b> and
+the western extremity of <b>Melville island</b> to the eastern
+part of <b>Coburg peninsula</b> and <b>Croker-island</b>. This
+time again the real character of Dundas Strait and Van Diemens
+Gulf were not ascertained [**].</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[5) See the Documents under No. <a href=
+"#doc-33">XXXIII</a> and Chart No. <a href=
+"#maps-15">15</a>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** I subjoin the names of localities that are found
+in this chart, since the reproduction had to be made on too small
+a scale to allow of the names being distinctly visible to the
+naked eye. Going from west to east they are the following:
+Kliphoek, Duivelsklip, Droge Hoek, Boompjeshoek, Wille Hoek,
+Noordhoek van Van Diemens Land, Waterplacts, Vuyle Bocht, Vuijl
+Eijland, Hoek van Goede Hoop, Hoefyzer Hoek, Fortuyns Hoek,
+Schrale Hoek, Valsche Westhoek, Valsche Bocht, Bedriegers Hoek,
+Westhoek van 3 Bergen's bocht of Vossenbos Ruyge Hoek, Orangie
+Hoek, Witte Hoek, Waterplacts, Alkier liggen drie bergen,
+Toppershoedje, Oosthoek van Drie Bergens bocht, Scherpen Hoek,
+Vlacke Hoek, Westhoek en Costhoek (van) Mariaes Land, Maria's
+Hoek, de Konijnenberg, Marten Van Delft's baai, Pantjallings
+Hoek, Rustenburg, Wajershoek, Hoek van Onier, Hoek van Canthier,
+P. Frederiksrivier, Jan Melchers Hoek. Pieter Frederiks Hoek,
+Roseboomshoek, W. Sweershoek, Hoek van Calmocrie.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>{Page ix}</p>
+
+<h3>V.</h3>
+
+<h4>THE NETHERLANDERS ON THE WEST- AND SOUTH-WEST COAST OF
+AUSTRALIA</h4>
+
+<p>In the year 1616 the Dutch ship <b>Eendracht</b>, commanded by
+<b>Dirk Hartogs</b> on her voyage from the Cape of Good Hope to
+Batavia unexpectedly touched at "divers islands, but uninhabited"
+and thus for the first time surveyed part of the west-coas of
+Australia[*]. As early as 1619 this coast, thus accidentally
+discovered, was known by the name of <b>Eendrachtsland</b> or
+<b>Land van de Eendracht</b>. The vaguenes of the knowledge
+respecting the coast-line then discovered, and its extent, is not
+unaptly illustrated in a small map of the world reproduced as
+below, and found in {Page x} GERARDI MERCATORIS <i>Atlas
+sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica mundi et fabricati
+figura. De novo...auctus studio</i> JUDOCI HONDIJ (Amsterodami;
+Sumptibus Johannis Cloppenburgij. Anno 1632) [**]. If, however,
+we compare this map of the world with KEPPLER'S map of 1630
+[***], we become aware that Hondius has not recorded all that was
+then known in Europe respecting the light which since 1616
+European explorers had thrown on the question of the western
+coast-line of Australia. In Keppler's map, namely, besides the
+English discovery of the <b>Trial rocks</b> (1622) [****], and
+the name "'T Landt van Eendracht" in fat characters, passing from
+the north to the south, we meet with the following names, which
+the smaller letters show to have been intended to indicate
+subordinate parts of Eendrachtsland: <b>Jac. Rommer Revier</b>
+[*****], Dirck Hartogs ree, F. Houtmans aebrooleus and Dedells
+lant. What is more, Keppler's map also exhibits the south-west
+coast of Australia.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See on this point the Documents sub No. VII (pp.
+<a href="#page8">8f.</a>).--It will hardly be denied that these
+pieces of evidence may justly be called "documents immediately
+describing" Hartogs's dicsovery.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** For my knowledge of this remarkable atlas I am
+indebted to Mr. ANTON MENSING, member of the firm of Messrs.
+Frederik Muller and Co., of Amsterdam. These gentlemen kindly
+enabled me to reproduce this chart for the present work. I
+received it too late to allow of its being placed among the
+charts accompanying the various documents.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[*** See Chart No. 6 on p. <a href="#page10">10</a>
+below.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[**** See under No. XIII (p. <a href=
+"#page17">17</a>) below.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[***** See on this point p. <a href="#page54">54</a>
+<i>infra</i> (No. XXII A and note 3).]</p></blockquote>
+
+<div class="fig" style="width:100%;">
+<a name="maps-18"></a>
+<img src="images/heeres-18.jpg" width="500" height="394" alt="[Illustration: ]" />
+<p class="caption">No. 18. Typus orbis terrarum uit GERARDI MERCATORIS
+Atlas...De Novo...emendatus...studio JUDOCI HONDIJ, 1632.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Whence all those names? The answer to this question, and at
+the same time various other new features, are furnished by the
+chart of <b>Hessel Gerritsz.</b> of 1627 [*] and by the one dated
+1618 [**], in which corrections have been introduced after date.
+The 1627 chart is specially interesting. <b>Gerritsz.</b>, at the
+time cartographer in ordinary to the E.I.C., has "put together
+this chart of the Landt van d'Eendracht from the journals and
+drawings of the Steersmen", which means that he availed himself
+of authentic data [***]. He acquitted himself of the task to
+admiration, and has given a very lucid survey of the
+(accidental) discoveries made by the Dutch on the west-coast of
+Australia. In this chart of 1627 the Land of d'Eendracht takes up
+a good deal of space. To the north it is found bounded by the
+"<b>Willemsrivier</b>", discovered in July 1618 by the ship
+<b>Mauritius</b>, commanded by <b>Willem Janszoon</b> [****].
+According to the chart this "river" is in about 21&deg; 45' S.
+Lat., but there are no reliable data concerning this point. If we
+compare Hessel Gerritsz's chart with those on which about 1700
+the results of Willem De Vlamingh's expedition of 1696-7 were
+recorded [*****] we readily come to the conclusion that the ship
+Mauritius must have been in the vicinity of <b>Vlaming Head (N.W.
+Cape)</b> on the <b>Exmouth Gulf</b>. From Willem Janszoon's
+statements it also appears that on this occasion in 22&deg; an
+"island (was) discovered, and a landing effected." The island
+extended N.N.E. and S.S.W. on the west-side. The land-spit west
+of Exmouth Gulf may very possibly have been mistaken for an
+island. From this point then the Eendrachtsland of the old Dutch
+navigators begins to extend southward. To the question, how far
+it was held to extend, I answer that in the widest sense of the
+term ('t Land van Eendracht or the <b>South-land</b>, it reached
+as far as the South-coast, at all events past the <b>Perth</b> of
+our day) [******]. In a more restricted sense it extended to
+about 25&deg; S.' Lat. In the latter sense it included the
+entrance to <b>Shark Bay</b>, afterwards entered by Dampier, and
+<b>Dirk Hartogs island</b>, likewise discovered by Dirk
+Hartogs.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* No. 4 on p. <a href="#page9">9</a>
+<i>infra</i>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** <a href="#maps-05">No. 5</a> (folding
+map).]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[*** It is evident that he did not use all the data
+then available. Thus, for instance, he left unused those
+furnished by the <b>Zeewolf</b> (No. VIII, pp. <a href=
+"#page10">10</a> ff. below), and those of the ship <b>Leiden</b>
+(No. XV, p. 49).]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[**** See the Documents under No IX (pp. <a href=
+"#page12">12</a> f.).]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[***** <a href="#maps-13">Nos. 13 and
+14</a>]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[****** Chart <a href="#maps-14">No.
+14</a>]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>{Page xi}</p>
+
+<p>More to southward we find in the chart of 1627 <b>I. d'Edels
+landt</b>, made in July 1619 by the ships <b>Dordrecht</b> and
+<b>Amsterdam</b>, commanded by <b>Frederik De Houtman</b> and
+<b>Jacob Dedel</b> [*]. To the north of Dedelsland the coast is
+rendered difficult of access by reefs,the so-called (Frederik De)
+<b>Houtmans-Abrolhos</b> (now known as the <b>Houtman Rocks</b>),
+also discovered on this occasion [**]. To the south, in about
+32&deg; S. Lat. [***] Dedelsland is bounded by the <b>Landt van
+de Leeuwin</b>, surveyed in 1622 [****]. Looking at the coast
+more closely still, we find in about 29&deg; 30, S. Lat. the name
+<b>Tortelduyff (Turtle Dove Island)</b>, to the south of Houtmans
+Abrolhos, an addition to the chart dating from about 1624
+[*****].</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See the documents sub No. XI (pp. 14 ff.). If
+NORDENSKI&Ouml;LD had known these documents, he would have
+withheld the second alinea on p. 199 of his interesting
+<i>Periplus</i>.--The doubts, also, concerning Frederik De
+Houtman's share in the discoveries on the west-coast of
+Australia, expressed by COLLINGRIDGE (<i>Discovery</i> p. 304),
+CALVERT (<i>Discovery</i>, p. 25), and others, are now likely to
+be set at rest.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** They were then held to lie in 28&deg; 46'. On
+this point see also the documents of PELSAERT'S shipwreck (No.
+XXIII, pp. <a href="#page55">55</a> ff).]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[*** About this latitude, between 32&deg; and 33&deg;
+S. Lat., also De Houtman and Dedel estimated themselves to be,
+when they first came upon land. They afterwards ran on on a
+northerly course.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[**** See the documents sub No. XII (p. <a href=
+"#page17">17</a>).]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[***** See No. XVI (p. <a href="#page50">50</a>)
+below, and the highly curious charts Nos. <a href="#maps-16">Nos.
+16 and 17</a>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>So much for the highly interesting chart of Hessel Gerritsz of
+the year 1627. If we compare with it the revised edition of the
+1618 chart, we are struck by the increase of our forefathers'
+knowledge of the south-west coast. This revised edition gives the
+entire coast-line down to the islands of <b>St.
+François</b> and <b>St. Pieter</b> (133&deg; 30' E. Long.
+Greenwich), still figuring in the maps of our day: the <b>Land of
+Pieter Nuyts</b>, discovered by the ship <b>het Gulden
+Zeepaard</b> in 1627 [*].</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See No. XVIII (p. <a href="#page51">51</a>)
+below.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>North of Willemsrivier, this so-called 1618 chart has still
+another addition, <i>viz</i>. <b>G. F. De Witsland</b>,
+discovered in 1628 by the ship <b>Vianen</b> commanded by G. F.
+De Witt [*]. In this case, too, it is difficult to determine
+exactly the longitudes between which the coast-line thus
+designated is situated. [**] But with great distinctness the
+chart exhibits the chain of islands of which the <b>Monte
+Bello</b> and tha <b>Barrow</b> islands are the principal, and
+besides, certain islands of the <b>Dampier Archipelago</b>,
+afterwards so called after the celebrated English navigator. I
+would have these observations looked upon as hints towards the
+more accurate determination of the site of this <b>De Wit's
+land</b>, and they may be of the more value since the small scale
+of the chart renders an exact determination of it exceedingly
+difficult.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See No. XXI (p. <a href="#page54">54</a>)
+below.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** See, however, No. <a href="#page54">XXI., C.</a>
+<i>infra</i>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>In Gerritsz's chart of 1627, as well as in the so-called 1618
+one, we are struck by the fact, that on the west-coast the
+coast-line shows breaks in various places: De Witt's land is not
+connected with the coast of Willems-rivier; the coast-line of
+Eendrachtsland does not run on; there is uncertainty as regards
+what is now called Shark-bay; the coast facing Houtmans Abrolhos
+is a conjectural one only; the coast-line facing Tortelduyf is
+even altogether wanting; Dedelsland and 't Land van de Leeuwin
+are not marked by unbroken lines. This fragmentary knowledge
+sufficiently accounts for the fact, that about the middle of the
+seventeenth century navigators were constantly faced by the
+problem of the real character of the South-land: was it one vast
+continent or a complex of islands? And the question would not
+have been so repeatedly asked, if the line of the west-coast had
+been more accurately known.</p>
+
+<p>{Page xii}</p>
+
+<p><b>Tasman</b> and <b>Visscher</b> [*] did a great deal towards
+the solution of this problem, since in their voyage of 1644 they
+also skirted and mapped out <b>the entire line of the
+West-coast</b> of what since 1644 has borne the name of
+<b>Nieuw-Nederland</b>, <b>Nova Hollandia</b>, or <b>New
+Holland</b>, from Bathurst Island to a point south of the
+<b>Tropic of Capricorn</b>. In this case also certain mistakes
+were committed: they failed, for instance, to recognise the real
+character of Bathurst Island, which, like Melville Island, they
+looked upon as forming part of the mainland; but if we make due
+allowance for the imperfection of their means of observation, we
+are bound to say that the coast-line has by them been mapped out
+with remarkable accuracy [**].</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* I pass by certain other exploratory voyages on the
+westcoast (see e.g. No. <a href="#doc-24">XXIV.</a> <i>infra</i>,
+etc.).]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** Cf. Tasman's chart of 1644 in the Tasman
+Folio.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>About fifteen years after the <b>west-coast</b> was more
+accurately mapped out also, <b>to the south of the tropic of
+Capricorn</b>. In the year 1658 <b>Samuel Volekersen</b> with the
+ship <b>de Wakende Boei</b> [Floating Buoy], and <b>Aucke Pieters
+Jonck</b> with the ship <b>Emeloord</b> surveyed a portion of the
+west-coast, and the charts then made have been preserved [*]. The
+coast-line from a point near the <b>Tortelduyf</b> down to past
+<b>Rottenest</b> (the large island on which Volkertsen did not
+confer a name, preferring to "leave the naming to the pleasure of
+the Hon. Lord Governor-General") and the present <b>Perth</b>,
+were surveyed with special care. In the same year the ship
+<b>Elburg</b>, commanded by <b>Jacob Peereboom</b>, brought in
+further reports about the <b>Land van de Leeuwin</b>, where she
+had been at anchor "in Lat. 33&deg; 14' South, under a projecting
+point" (in <b>Geographe Bay</b>?).</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See <i>infra</i> No. <a href="#doc-29">XXIX.</a>,
+pp. 75 ff., and the charts sub No. <a href="#doc-29">XXIX.</a> E,
+F and I.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>The surveying of the lines of the west-coast was finally
+brought to a close by the exploratory voyage of <b>Willem De
+Vlamingh</b> in 1696-7 with the ships <b>Geelvink</b>,
+<b>Nijptang</b>, and het <b>Wezeltje</b>. A remarkable chart
+referring to this voyage, here reproduced [*], as well as the
+ISAAC DE GRAAFF chart [**] of <i>circa</i> 1700, give an
+excellent survey of the expedition. The whole coast-line from the
+so-called Willemsrivier (N.W. Cape) to a point south of
+Rottenest, <b>Garden-island</b> and Perth, was now mapped out.
+And that, too, with great accuracy. Thus, for instance, the true
+situation of the belt of islands enclosing <b>Shark Bay</b> was
+this time observed with unerring exactitude, and Shark Bay itself
+actually discovered, though its discovery is usually credited to
+Dampier (August, 1699).</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* No. <a href="#maps-13">13</a>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* No. <a href="#maps-14">14</a>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<h3>VI.</h3>
+
+<h4>THE NETHERLANDERS TO EASTWARD OF PIETER NUYTS-LAND.</h4>
+
+<p>The south-east- and east-coasts of Australia have never been
+visited by the ships of the East India Company. <b>Tasman</b> and
+<b>Visscher</b> [*] discovered <b>Tasmania (Van Diemen's
+land)</b> in 1642, but were unaware of the existence of what is
+now known as <b>Bass Strait</b>; they discovered the
+<b>west-coast of New Zealand (Staten-land)</b> and certain
+island-groups east of Australia, but did not touch at or sight
+the east-coast of Australia. Of course, after the discovery of
+the west-coast of New Zealand and of the island-groups east of
+Australia [**], the existence of an east-coast of Australia to
+westward of the regions thus discovered, was an indubitable fact,
+but this east-coast itself was never visited by the
+Netherlanders.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See the journal of this voyage and the discussion
+of it in my Tasman Folio.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** In the year 1616 <b>Lemaire</b> and
+<b>Schouten</b> (No. V), and in 1722 <b>Roggeveen</b> (No.
+XXXIV), also touched at various island-groups east of Australia,
+but these voyages fall outside the plan of the present
+work.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>{Page xiii}</p>
+
+<h3>VII.</h3>
+
+<h4>OBJECT OF THE DUTCH VOYAGES FOR THE DISCOVERY OF THE
+SOUTH-LAND.--CONCLUSION.</h4>
+
+<p>Although it is quite true that the south-east- and east-coasts
+of the Australian continent were not discovered by Dutch ships,
+still it is an undoubted fact that, so far as is known up to now,
+the whole of the Australian coast-line from Prince of Wales
+Island and York Peninsula and along the Gulf of Carpentaria, the
+north- and north-west-coast of Australia then following, the
+whole of the west-coast, and the south-coast down to the islands
+of St. François and St. Pieter (133&deg; 30' E. L.
+Greenwich) were in the 17th century discovered by <b>vessels
+belonging to the Netherlands</b> [*].</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* It is true that Dampier touched at the north-west
+coast in 1688, but at that time this coast had already been
+surveyed by Dutch skippers.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>We now come to the question of the object which the Dutch
+authorities had in view in arranging for the expeditions that
+ultimately led to these discoveries.</p>
+
+<p>In answering this question we shall have to distinguish
+between two different categories of voyages: among the voyages
+undertaken by Netherlanders that have led to discoveries on the
+coasts of Australia, there are some which were not begun with the
+express purpose of going in search of unknown lands; but there
+are others also that were undertaken expressly with this end in
+view. Of course the second class only can be called exploratory
+expeditions in a more restricted sense--the voyages of the first
+category became voyages of discovery through accidental
+circumstances.</p>
+
+<p>The <b>discoveries</b> on the west- and south-west coasts of
+Australia down to Tasman's time all bore <b>an accidental
+character</b>. Eendrachtsland was discovered by accident in the
+year 1616, and after that time a number of Dutch ships
+unexpectedly touched at those shores, thus continually shedding
+additional, though always imperfect light on the question of the
+conformation of the coast-line. How was it, we may ask, that it
+was especially after 1616 that this coast was so often touched
+at, whereas there had never been question of this before that
+time? The question thus put admits of avery positive answer.</p>
+
+<p>When the Netherlanders set sail for India for the first time,
+they naturally took the route which they knew to be followed by
+the Portuguese. After doubling the Cape of Good Hope, they
+directly continued their voyage on a north-eastern course, along
+the west-coast, or close by the east-coast, of Madagascar, and
+then tried to reach India coming from the west. To this route
+there were grave objections both as regards the winds prevailing
+in those latitudes, the intense heat soon encountered, the great
+number of "shallows or foul islands," etc. Besides, the voyage
+was apt to last very long. In 1611, however, certain ships going
+from the Netherlands to India followed another route: directly
+after leaving the Cape they ran on an eastern course (in about
+36&deg; S. Lat.) for a considerable time, after which they tried
+to navigate to Java on a northerly course. The commander of these
+ships, the subsequent Governor-General {Page xiv}
+<b>Hendrik Brouwer</b>, wrote to the Managers of the E.I.C. about
+"this fairway" in highly laudatory terms. They adopted the idea
+suggested by Brouwer, of henceforth prescribing this route in the
+instructions for the commanders and skippers sailing for the
+Indies, leaving them a certain scope certainly as regards the
+latitude in which the said easterly course was to be followed,
+and the degree of longitude up to which it was to be kept. As
+early as the beginning of 1613 such a route was enjoined on the
+ships' captains by the Managers of the E.I.C. The ship Eendracht
+also was directed to follow this course: she ran so far to
+eastward as to come upon the west-coast of Australia, and the
+same thing happened to subsequent vessels.</p>
+
+<p>Although in the sense thus indicated we must here speak of
+<i>acczdental</i> discoveries on the west-coast, yet the Dutch
+authorities were fully aware of the importance of such
+discoveries. As early as 1618, the Managers of the E.I.C. were
+considering the possibility of "discovering the Southern Lands in
+passing," and in a letter of September 9, 1620, with reference to
+"the discovery of a vast land, situated south of Java...by the
+ship Eendracht", etc., they expressly enjoined the G.-G. and
+Counc. to dispatch a ship for the purpose of "resuming this work
+with some hope of success." The lands discovered were to be
+mapped out, and efforts made to ascertain "the situation and
+condition of the country, its productions, what commodities it
+yields, the character of the natives, their mode of life,
+etc."</p>
+
+<p>The Managers had not preached to deaf ears: the direction of
+the Company's affairs in India was at that time in the hands of
+<b>Jan Pieternoon Coen</b>, who, being himself strongly disposed
+in favour of extending the Dutch connections with the East [*],
+eagerly embraced the idea thus suggested, as is proved by the
+instructions, dated September 29, 1622, for the ships Haring and
+Hazewind, "destined for the discovery of the South-land". [**]
+Thus we see that one of the projects contemplated by the Dutch
+authorities certainly was the dispatching of ships also to the
+west-coast of Australia for the purpose of further discovery and
+of definitely ascertaining the real state of affairs there.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See below.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** See below, No. <a href="#doc-13">XIII</a>, B (pp.
+18 ff.)]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>But not for the purpose of further discovery exclusively,
+although this continued to be "the principal end in view." The
+instructions of September 29, 1622, also point to other motives
+that led the Netherlanders to reckon also with regions to be
+first discovered, in carrying out their colonial policy. The
+commanders of this expedition were "specially to inquire what
+minerals, such as gold, silver, tin, iron, lead and copper, what
+precious stones, pearls, vegetables, animals and fruits, these
+lands yield and produce";--the commercial interests of the
+E.I.C.--and what was more natural in the case of a trading
+corporation?--were to take a foremost place. Wherever possible,
+also political connections were to be formed, and the counries
+discovered "to be taken possession of". The authorities were even
+considering the idea of at some future date "planting colonies"
+in some of the regions eventually to be discovered.</p>
+
+<p>Here we have the colonial policy of the E.I.C. of the period
+to its full extent: commerce, increase of territory, colonies.
+And these ideas were at the bottom of most of the voyages of
+discovery to the north-coast of Australia before Tasman, and of
+Tasman's voyages themselves. The celebrated voyage of the ship
+Duifken (1605-6) {Page xv} bears a character of
+intentionality, and if we bear in mind that the same ship's
+voyage of 1602 had for its professed object the extension of the
+Company's mercantile connections, we need not be in doubt as to
+this being equally the motive or one of the motives of the
+expedition on which she was dispatched in 1605-6. We know,
+moreover, that New Guinea was then reported "to yield abundance
+of gold." The three principles of colonial policy just mentioned
+also underlay the voyage undertaken by Jan Carstensz in 1623; for
+we know that this commander got the instructions drawn up for the
+ships Haring and Hazewind, but not then carried into effect,
+since these ships did not sail on their ordained expedition [*].
+These principles are found set forth with more amplitude than
+anywhere else in the instructions drawn up for Tasman and his
+coadjutors in 1642 and 1644 [**]. The voyages, then planned, were
+to be undertaken "for the enlargement, increase and improvement
+of the Dutch East India Company's standing and commerce in the
+East."</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See below, p. <a href="#page21">21</a>, Note
+1.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** See these instructions in my Life of Tasman, pp.
+131 ff. and 147 ff.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>In the instructions for Tasman's voyage of 1644 the G.-G. and
+Counc., who drew them up, could still refer to "the express
+commands of the 'Heeren Maijoores" [*] to "attempt the discovery
+of Nova Guinea and other unknown Eastern and Southern lands." And
+it is a fact certainly, that in the first half of the seventeenth
+century the Governors-General who planned these exploratory
+voyages were in their endeavours supported by the Managers of the
+E.I.C. in the mother country [**]: it was especially <b>Jan
+Pieterszoon Coen</b> (1619-1623 and 1627-1629), <b>Hendrik
+Broulwer</b> (1632-1636) and <b>Antonio van Diemen
+(1636-1645)</b>, who were most efficiently backed in their
+efforts for this purpose by their principals at home. Among these
+Governors-General Van Diemen holds the foremost place as regards
+the furtherance of discoveries by Netherlanders in the Far East:
+in the Pacific and on, "the mainland coasts of Australia." It is,
+with complete justice, therefore, that a foreign author mentions
+the name of Van Diemen as "a name which will ever rank among the
+greatest promotors of maritime discovery".[***]</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Meaning the Managers of the E.I.C.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** See also the instructions for the voyage of 1636,
+p. <a href="#page64">64</a> <i>infra</i>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[*** BURNEY, Chronological History, III, p. 55.
+Speaking of Van Diemen, we must not omit to call the reader's
+attention to sentiments such as the following: "Whoever
+endeavours to discover unknown lands and tribes, had need to be
+patient and long-suffering, noways quick to fly out, but always
+bent on ingratiating himself" (p. 65 <i>infra</i>), a piece of
+advice elsewhere taking the form of a command, e.g. p. 66: "You
+will not carry off with you any natives against their will". And,
+sad to say, such injunctions were often imperiously
+necessary!]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>And this same eminent manager of the Company's interests in
+India lived to see at the end of his official career far narrower
+views about colonial policy not only take root in the
+mother-country (where isolated opinions that way had found
+utterance long before), but even get the upper hand in the
+Company's councils. Van Diemen's policy came ultimately to be
+condemned in the Netherlands, whatever homage might there be paid
+to his eminent talents, whatever acknowledgment vouchsafed to his
+great merits! It may almost be called a matter of course that
+great differences of opinions were bound surely, if slowly, to
+crop up between the Managers on one hand, and able
+Governors-General on the other, touching the line of conduct to
+be followed by the Netherlanders in the East. The Managers were
+in the first place the directors of a trading company: they
+hardly looked beyond the requirements of a purely mercantile
+policy. Eminent Governors-General on the contrary were conscious
+{Page xvi} of being more than this: they were not only the
+representatives of a body of merchants, they were also the rulers
+of a colonial empire which in the East was looked up to with
+dread, with hatred also sometimes, to be sure, but at the same
+time with respect and awe! There lay the ultimate cause of the
+fundamental difference of opinion respecting the colonial policy
+to be followed [*]. Van Diemen dreamt a bold dream of Dutch
+supremacy in the East and of the East India Company's mastery "of
+the opulent Indian trade." To this end he deemed necessary:
+"harassing of the enemy [**], continuation and extension of
+trade, together with the discovering or new lands." But if he had
+lived to read the missive [***], his grand projects would have
+received an effectual damper as he perused the letter addressed
+to him by the Lords Managers, on September 9, 1645, and
+containing the passage following: "[We] see that Your Worships
+have again taken up the further exploration of the coast of Nova
+Guinea in hopes of discovering silver- and gold-mines there. We
+do not expect great things of the continuation of such
+explorations, which more and more burden the Company's resources,
+since they require increase of yachts and of sailors. Enough has
+been discovered for the Company to carry on trade, provided the
+latter be attended with success. We do not consider it part of
+our task to seek out gold- and silver-mines for the Company, and
+having found such, to try to derive profit from the same; such
+things involve a good deal more, demanding excessive expenditure
+and large numbers of hands...These plans of Your Worships
+somewhat aim beyond our mark. The gold- and silver-mines that
+will best serve the Company's turn, have already been found,
+which we deem to be our trade over the whole of India..."</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* I have dealt at some length with this subject in
+Vol. III ('s-Gravenhage, NIJHOFF, 1895) of my <i>Bouwstoffen voor
+de geschiedenis der Nederlanders in den Maleiscken Arckipel</i>,
+pp. LVI ff.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** The eighty years' war was still going
+on]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[*** Van Diemen died April 19, 1645.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Is it wonderful that, where the supreme authorities of the
+E.I.C. regarded matters in this light, there was no longer
+question of exploratory voyages of any importance? The period of
+the great voyages of discovery undertaken by Netherlanders,
+accordingly terminates with Van Diemen's death. It is true that
+occasionally voyages of this nature were planned [*]; that
+Australia--not to go further afield--was also visited now and
+then in later times, but such visits either bore an incidental
+character, or formed part of expeditions undertaken for other
+purposes [**], the occasion being then used to "obtain once for
+all some full and reliable information touching the situation and
+coast-lines" of lands previously discovered.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See p. <a href="#page72">72</a> and Note below:
+1645 and 1646.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** Now, for instance (No. <a href=
+"#doc-28">XXVIII</a>, 1648), for the purpose of seeking another
+route than the customary one from Batavia to Banda, at another
+time (No. <a href="#doc-29">XXIX</a>, 1656-1658) to inquire into
+the fate of a shipwrecked crew; or to prevent the voyages of
+William Dampier from entailing unpleasant consequences for the
+Dutch E.I.C. (1705, No. <a href="#doc-33">XXXIII</a>).--Thus, in
+1718, a Swiss of the name of <b>J. P. Purry</b> submitted to the
+Managers of the E.I.C. proposals for the further discovery of
+Nuytsland. The proposal was duly reported on, but ultimately laid
+aside <i>(Resolutions of the "Heeren XVII", Oclober 3, 1718, and
+March 11 1719; Resolution of the Amsterdam Chamber, April 17,
+1719)</i>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Still, we must not omit to mention that at the close of the
+seventeenth century a desire to contribute to the enlargement of
+geographical knowledge for a moment got a voice in the question
+of equipping vessels for expeditions sent out for this purpose.
+And this scientific impulse originated in the mother-country [*].
+The impulse was undoubtedly given by the well-known burgomaster
+of Amsterdam and Manager of the E. I. C., <i>Nicolaas
+Corneliszoon Witsen, LL D</i>, author of the work entitled
+{Page xvii} <i>Noord en Oost Tartarije</i>. He took a
+diligent part in the preparations for the voyage of skipper De
+Vlamingh: "We are having the vessels manned mainly with unmarried
+and resolute sailors; I have directed a draughtsman to join the
+expedition that whatever strange or rare things they meet with,
+may be accurately depicted". And Witsen anxiously awaited the
+outcome of De Vlamingh's expedition. He was disappointed by the
+results: the commander had indeed "surveyed and made soundings on
+the coasts, but had made few landings." At the same time Manager
+Witsen mentions not without some satisfaction the results of this
+voyage, meagre though they may be in his eyes, in letters to
+friends both at home and abroad, imparting to them what he has
+learned on the subject [**]. A few years later, however, he
+bitterly complains of the indifference of many of his countrymen
+in those days: "What does Your Worship care about curious
+learning from India," he grumbles in a letter to one of his
+friends [***] "no, sir, it is money only, not learned knowledge
+that our people go out to seek over there, the which is sorely to
+be regretted."</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* <i>Resolution of the "Heeren XVII", August 25,
+1692; see also p. <a href="#page60">60</a>
+infra.</i>]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** As regards this see J F GEBHARD <i>Het leven van
+Witsen</i> I., pp. 480 f.: II. pp. 260 f. (Letter of Witsen to "Dr.
+Martin Lister, fellow of the Colledge of Physicians and R. S.,
+concerning some late observations in Nova Hollandia."  October 3,
+1698), pp. 299 f. (Letter to Gijsbert Cuper at Deventer, 1698?)
+pp. 407, 414, 416]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[*** Witsen to Cuper, August 1, 1712 (GEBHARD p.
+480).]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>"The which is sorely to be regretted!"...The times of Van
+Diemen had failed to return; the spirit by which he was imbued no
+longer presided over the debates on colonial matters. But his
+name is indissolubly bound up with the palmy days of Dutch
+discovery in the Far East, initiated by the East India
+Company.</p>
+
+<p>Fortunately, in our time Holland again bears a part in what is
+done by cultured Europe for the scientific exploration of the
+unknown regions of the world. In this field of inquiry the
+nineteenth century has again beheld her sons take a place which
+the achievements of their forefathers have as it were by right of
+inheritance assigned to them.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<hr />
+<p>{Page 1}</p>
+
+<h2><a name="documents"></a>DOCUMENTS.</h2>
+
+<h3><a name="doc-01"></a>I. (1595)<br />
+DUTCH NOTIONS RESPECTING THE SOUTH-LAND IN 1595.</h3>
+
+<p class="center">
+<i>Itinerario, Voyage ofte Schipvaert, van JAN
+HUYGEN VAN LINSCHOTEN naer Oost ofte Portugaels Indien
+[Itinerary, Voyage or Navigation of J. H. v. L. to Eastern or
+Portuguese India]</i>...t' Amstelredam. By Cornelis Claesz opt
+Water, in 't Schrijf-boeck by de Oude Brugghe. Anno CIC.IC.XCVI
+(1596?--Ed.)[*].</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* There may have been an earlier edition of this
+book. At all events, the Netherlanders who in 1595 undertook the
+first voyage from Holland to India, were acquainted with the work
+either in manuscript or in print. See the journal of this voyage,
+kept by Frank Van der Does, one of the sharers of the expedition,
+and printed in the second volume of J. K. J. De JONGE'S
+well-known book: De Opkomst van het Nederlandsch gezag in
+Oost-Indië [The Rise of the Dutch power in the East Indies]
+('s Gravenhage, Amsterdam MDCCCLXIV), pp. 287-372.
+</p>
+
+<p>It may safely be assumed that Van Linschoten's book contains
+everything that the Dutch knew of the East, when in 1595 Dutch
+vessels were first sent out to those remote regions. Charts Nos 1
+(a part of the <i>Orbis terrarum combmdiosa descriptio</i>.
+Antverpiae apud joafiem Baptistam Vrient), and 2 (a part of the
+<i>Exacta &amp; accurata delineatio cum orarum maritimarum tum
+eijam locorum terrestrium quae in regionibus Chiua...una cum
+omnium vicinarum instilarum descriptjone ut sunt Sumatra, Java
+utraque</i>...) give a survey of this knowledge so far as our
+present purpose is concerned. I have made use of a copy of Van
+Linschoten's work in the library of the Leyden University.]
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="center">
+Pag. 25. Chapter the Twentieth.</p>
+
+<p>Concerning the island of Java Mayor, together with its
+commodities, merchandise and dealings, weights, coins and value
+of the same, and other particulars.</p>
+
+<div class="fig" style="width:100%;">
+<a name="maps-01"></a>
+<img src="images/heeres-01.jpg" width="400" height="435" alt="[Illustration: ]" />
+<p class="caption">No. 1. Gedeelte der (Part of the) <i>Orbis terrae
+compendiosa describtio</i></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>{Page 2}</p>
+
+<p>South-south-east, facing the farthest extremity of the island
+of Samatra, south of the line <i>equinoctial</i>, lies the island
+called <i>Java Mayor</i>, or great <i>Java</i>...This island
+begins in 7 degrees Latitude South, and extends east by south a
+length of 150 miles but of its breadth nothing is known up to
+now, since it has not yet been explored, nor is this known to the
+inhabitants themselves. Some suppose it to be a mainland,
+[forming part] of the land called <b>Terra incognita</b>, which
+would then extend hitherward from beyond the <i>C de boa
+Esperança</i> but of this there is no certitude hitherto,
+so that it is usually accounted an island...</p>
+
+<div class="fig" style="width:100%;">
+<a name="maps-02"></a>
+<img src="images/heeres-02.jpg" width="400" height="561" alt="[Illustration: ]" />
+<p class="caption">No. 2. Gedeelte der (Part of the) <i>Exacta &amp; accurata
+delineatio cum orarum maritimarum tum etjam locorum terrestrium,
+quae in regjonibus China...una cum omnium vicinarum
+insularum descriptjone ut sunt Sumatra, Java utraque</i></p>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p>{Page 3}</p>
+
+<h3><a name="doc-02"></a>II. (1602).<br />
+NOTICES OF THE SOUTH-COAST OF NEW GUINEA IN 1602.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Journal or Daily Register</i>, begun on the
+22nd day of April, A.D. 1601, kept on board the sho
+Gelderlant...</p>
+
+<p class="center">This 10th day of April 1602.</p>
+
+<p>The meeting of the Plenary Council [*] having been convened by
+order of the Lord Admiral [**] to resolve to dispatch the yacht
+called <b>Duyffken</b> to the island of Ceram, the Council have
+drawn up the Instructions following, which Supercargo Master
+Claes Gaeff [and] skipper Willem Cornelisz Schouten will have to
+act up to.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* The joint council of all the ships forming the
+flotilla to which the Gelderland belonged.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** Wolphert Hermanszoon.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p><i>Imprimis</i> he will have to navigate to the island of
+Ceran, and there call at the ports or roads following, to wit:
+Queuin, Quelibara, Quelilonhen or Goulegoubj [*], and failing
+these, at certain others where profitable dealings may be
+expected...</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Keffing, Kilwaroc,...Goeli-goeli. These
+place-names go to show, that by Ceram are meant the south-eastern
+extremity of Ceram and the Ceram-Laut islands.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p><i>Secondly</i>, [he will have to inquire] whether there is
+anything to be had there besides sago; their way of doing
+business and in what places; what commodities had best be sent
+thither; and to what limits their farthest navigation extends;
+also, whether they have any knowledge of <b>Nova Guinea</b>;
+whether they have ever sent ships thither, or whether ships from
+Nova Guinea have ever come to Ceran. In the island of Banda,
+actum April the 10th, A.D. 1602, on board the ship Gelderlandt.
+God send his blessing unto salvation. Amen.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>Laus deo A.D. 1602 This 15th day of May in the island of
+Banda.</p>
+
+<p>A brief account of certain islands with which they of the
+islands of Ceran and, Banda carry on trade...</p>
+
+<p>They can say nothing certain respecting the island of <b>Nova
+Guinea</b>, but say that there are white people living on the
+<b>south side</b>, inhabited by Portuguese [*], but [the people
+of the parts of Ceram visited by the Dutch] had never seen any
+Portuguese ships. They can give no information about their
+dealings and commodities.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* If any reliance can be placed on this report, it
+proves that in 1602 the Portuguese were acquainted with the
+South(-west) coast of New Guinea. But considering the fact that
+the Dutch were utterly unacquainted with New Guinea, it is
+<i>quite possible</i> that on this point they misunderstood the
+inhabitants of the parts of Ceram visited by them.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<hr />
+<p>{Page 4}</p>
+
+<h3><a name="doc-03"></a>III. (1605-1606).<br />
+VOYAGE OF THE SHIP DUIFKEN UNDER COMMAND OF WILLEM JANSZ(OON) AND
+JAN LODEWIJKSZOON ROSINGEYN TO NEW GUINEA.--DISCOVERY OF THE
+EAST-COAST OF THE PRESENT GULF OF CARPENTARIA.</h3>
+
+<p><b>A.</b></p>
+
+<p><i>HACKLUYTUS Posthumus or PURCHAS his Pilgrimes Contayning a
+History of the World in Sea voyages, &amp; lande-Travells by
+Englishmen &amp; others.</i></p>
+
+<p>English Voyages beyond the East-Indies, to the islands of
+Japan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philipinae with others; and the
+Indian navigations further prosecuted...</p>
+
+<p>THE FOURTH BOOKE.</p>
+
+<p>Chap. II.</p>
+
+<p>Observations of Captaine Iohn Saris, of occurrents which
+happened in the East-Indies during his abode at Bantam, from
+October 1605, till October 1609...</p>
+
+<p>The eighteenth [November 1605] [*] heere [**] departed a small
+Pinnasse of the <i>Flemmings</i>, for the discovery of the Land
+called <b>Nova Guinea</b> which, as it is said, affordeth great
+store of Gold...</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Old style: therefore November 28,
+1605.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** Bantam.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>The fifteenth [*] of June [1606] heere [**] arrived
+<i>Nockhoda</i> [***] <i>Tingall</i>, a Cling-man from
+<i>Banda</i>, in a <i>Java</i> juncke...</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Old style: therefore Junr 25, 1606.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** Bantam.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[*** Nachoda or Anachoda: a skipper.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>He told me that the <i>Flemmings</i> Pinasse which went upon
+discovery for <i>Nova Ginny</i>, was returned to Banda, having
+found the Iland: but in sending their men on shoare to intreate
+of Trade, there were nine of them killed by the Heathens, which
+are man-eaters; So they were constrained to returne, finding no
+good to be done there.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>B.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Instructions drawn up to serve as a basis for Answers on
+the part of the General United E.I.C. to the advice given by the
+Lords States of Holland and Westfriesland, touching the Charter
+of the Australia Company. Laid before the Council, Aug. 2,
+1618.</i></p>
+
+<p>...So that the E.I.C. opines that in every case the Australia
+Company aforesaid ought to be excluded from the Southern parts,
+situated between the Meridian passing through the Eastern
+extremity of Ceylon and the Meridian lying a hundred miles
+eastward of the Salomon islands; seeing that the United East
+India Company has repeatedly given orders for discovering and
+exploring <i>the land of Nova Guinea and the islands situated
+east of the same</i>, since, equally by her orders, such
+discovery was once tried about the year 1606 with the yacht <b>de
+Duyve</b> by skipper <b>Willem Jansz</b> and subcargo <b>Jan
+Lodewijs van Rosingijn</b>, who made sundry discoveries on the
+said coast of Nova Guinea, as is amply set forth in their
+journals. [*]</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* In 1618, therefore, there must have been extant
+journals of the expedition of 1605-6.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>{Page 5}</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>C.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">See <i>infra</i> the <i>Journal of the voyage
+Of JAN CARSTENSZOON 1623, at the dates:</i> March 7, May 11, 12,
+15.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>D.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">South-eastern part of the Map <i>Indiae
+Orientalis Nova descriptio</i> in the atlas JOANNES
+JANSSONIUS-MERCATOR-HONDIUS 1633 [*]</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* The whole map is reproduced in <i>Remarkable
+Maps</i> (II, 7.) See also C. H. COOTE'S Introduction; P. A.
+TIELE: Nederlandsche Bibliographic van Land- en Volkenkunde, s.
+vv. Janssonius and Mercator, and my Life of Tasman, p. 91, note
+I.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<div class="fig" style="width:100%;">
+<a name="maps-03"></a>
+<img src="images/heeres-03.jpg" width="400" height="419" alt="[Illustration: ]" />
+<p class="caption">No. 3. Zuidoostelijk gedeelte der Kaart (South-eastern part
+of the Map) <i>Indiae Orientalis Nova descriptio</i></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="center"><b>E.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Instructions for Skipper Commander Abel
+Jansen Tasman, Skipper Pilot-Majjr Frans Jacobsen Visscher, and
+the Council of the Yachts Limmen, Zeemeeuw, and the Quel de
+Brack, destined for the further discovery of Nova Guinea, and of
+the unknown coasts of the discovered East- and South-lands,
+together with the channels and islands presumably situated
+between and near the same.</i></p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>Both by word of mouth and through the perusal of Journals,
+Charts and other writings, it is in the main well-known to you,
+how the successive Governors of India, at <a name="page6"></a>{Page 6} the express command of our Lords and
+Masters the "Heeren XVII", have, in order to the aggrandisement,
+enlargement and improvement of the Dutch East India Company's
+standing and trade in the East, divers times diligently
+endeavoured to make timely discovery of the vast country of Nova
+Guinea and of other unknown Eastern and Southern regions; to wit,
+that four several voyages have up to now with scant success been
+made for this desired discovery; of the which voyages the first
+was undertaken in the year 16066 with the Yacht <b>'t
+Duyffken</b>, by order, of President Jan Willemsz Verschoor (who
+then managed the Company's affairs in Bantham), on which voyage
+the islands of Key and Arouw were visited in passing, and the
+<b>unknown south and west coasts of Nova Guinea</b> were
+discovered over a length of 220 miles from 5 to 13&frac34;
+degrees Southern Latitude, it being only ascertained that vast
+regions were for the greater part uncultivated, and certain parts
+inhabited by savage, cruel, black barbarians who slew some of our
+sailors, so that no information was obtained touching the exact
+situation of the country and regarding the commodities obtainable
+and in demand there.\; our men having by want of provisions and
+other necessaries, been compelled to return and give up the
+discovery they had begun, only registering in their chart with
+the name of <b>Cape Keer-weer</b> the extreme point of the
+discovered land in 13&frac34; degrees Southern Latitude.</p>
+
+<p>In the castle of Batavia, this 29th of January Ao 1644. Signed
+ANTONIO VAN DIEMEN, CORNELIS VAN DER LIJN, JOAN MAETSUIJCKER,
+JUSTUS SCHOUTEN and SALOMON SWEERS.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="doc-04"></a>IV. (1607).<br />
+FRESH EXPEDITION TO NEW GUINEA BY THE SHIP DUIFKE.</h3>
+
+<p class="center">Second volume of "<i>Het begin ende voortgangh
+der Vereenighde Nederlantsche Geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische
+Compagnie.</i> Gedruckt in den jaere des Heeren 1646" [Rise and
+Progress of the United Netherlands Chartered East India Company.
+Printed Anno Domini 1646].</p>
+
+<p>A Narrative and Journal of the voyage made from Bantam to the
+coast of Choromandel and other parts of India, by Supercargo
+PAULUS VAN SOLT in the years 1605 1606, 1607, 1608.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>"On the 4th of March 1607, through God's mercy [we] arrived
+before the Castle [of Victoria in Amboyna]...here we found...the
+yacht <b>Duyfken</b>, which had come from <b>Nova
+Guinea</b>"...</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="doc-05"></a>V. (1616).<br />
+VOYAGE OF THE SHIPS EENDRACHT AND HOORN, COMMANDED BY JACQUES LE
+MAIRE AND WILLEM CORNELISZOON SCHOUTEN THROUGH THE PACIFIC OCEAN
+AND ALONG THE NORTH-COAST OF NEW GUINEA.</h3>
+
+<p>
+One of the journals of this voyage has been repeatedly printed in various
+languages. (See TIELE, Mémoire Bibliographique, pp. 42-62, and the same
+writer's Bibliographic Land- en Volkenkunde, s. vv. Begin ende Voortgangh,
+Herrera, W. Cz. Schouten, and Spilbergen). I need not, therefore, go into
+detail on this point here. The voyage was begun on the 14th of June 1615, and
+in January 1616 the strait of <a name="page7"></a>{Page 7} Le Maire was
+discovered. In the Pacific Ocean various islands unknown to the voyagers were
+touched at: <i>inter alia</i> Kokos-island (Boscawen or Tafahi),
+Verraders-eiland [Traitors' island] (Keppel or Niutabutabu), (Goede) Hoop
+island (Nino-fa), the Hoornsche islands (Fotuna and Alofi). Besides, various
+islands east of New Guinea were surveyed, and New Ireland, New Hanover and the
+north-coast of New Guinea with the islands north of it (among others Schoutens
+island), sailed round or touched at.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="doc-06"></a>VI. (1616).<br />
+PROJECT FOR THE FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE SOUTH-LAND NOVA
+GUINEA.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><b>A.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Resolution of the Governor-General and
+Councillors, October 8, 1616.</i></p>
+
+<p>...Inasmuch as heretofore the Company has taken in hand to
+dispatch a ship for the discovery of the South-land-Nova-Guinea
+and the dependencies thereof, which project has not been executed
+owing to other intervening business, it has been resolved to take
+the said project once more in hand at the present time; and that
+to this end the Lord Admiral...[*] shall dispatch from Amboyna or
+Banda the ship de Jager with any other small yacht that should
+lie at anchor there, or happen to put into port, in order to the
+discovery of the lands aforesaid; seeing that it is much more
+convenient to visit those parts starting from here than from the
+Netherlands, and that the same can now be done without any
+inconvenience or detriment to the Company. And if in Amboyna or
+Banda no other yacht besides the ship de Jager should be found
+available, then the Lord Admiral shall be free to assign the ship
+Morgenster for the said purpose...</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Steven Van der Haghen.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center"><b>B.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Resolution of the Governor-General and
+Councillors, October 21, 1616.</i></p>
+
+<p>...Considering the confident inclination to the said voyage
+evinced by the Lord Advocate Dedel [*], and the importance of
+this enterprise being conducted with great skill and judgment, it
+has been determined and resolved to employ the Advocate aforesaid
+in the said voyage, to the end that all things may be conducted
+in good order, with the requisite courage and resolution, for
+which purpose the Hon. Advocate will now depart for Amboyna with
+the Lord Admiral...</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Cornelis Dedel, LL. D.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center"><b>C.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Letter from the Governor-General LAURENS
+REAEL to the Managers of the E.I.C., May 10, 1617.</i></p>
+
+<p>...Mr. Cornelis Dedel, LL. D., had by us been dispatched to
+this place [*] from the Moluccas, that with two or three yachts
+and pinnaces he might proceed to the discovery of the <b>Southern
+lands</b>, which undertaking had heretofore once more by order
+of...Admiraal Verhagen been engaged in by <b>Jan Rossangin</b>
+[**]. But when lying at anchor in Amboyna...Dedel's ships were
+employed on other services. [***]</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Reael was then staying in Banda.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* This almost certainly refers to the voyage of
+1605-6 under Willem Jansz. and Rosengein.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p><a name="note2p8"></a>[* Although, as we see, the
+project was not carried into execution, I have thought it good to
+print the above documents, because they bear testimony to the
+earnest intention of the Dutch authorities in India once more to
+undertake the discovery of the "South-land" (at the same time the
+matter was by no means lost sight of in the Netherlands, as is
+proved by a resolution of the Managers of the E.I.C., of October
+1616); [and] because document C in the text is <i>presumably</i>
+fresh evidence for the voyage of 1605-6.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<hr />
+<p><a name="page8"></a>{Page 8}</p>
+
+<h3><a name="doc-07"></a>VII. (1616).<br />
+VOYAGE OF DE EENDRACHT UNDER COMMAND OF DIRK HARTOGS(ZOON).
+DISCOVERY OF THE WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA IN 1616: DIRK HARTOGS
+ISLAND AND -ROAD, LAND OF THE EENDRACHT OR EENDRACHTSLAND.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><b>A.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Letter of Supercargo Cornelis Buysero at
+Bantam to the Managers of the East India Company at
+Amsterdam.</i></p>
+
+<p>Worshipful, Wise, Provident, very Discreet Gentlemen,...</p>
+
+<p>...The ship <b>Eendracht</b> [*], with which they had sailed
+from the Netherlands, after communicating at the Cabo sailed
+away from them so far southward as to come upon 6 various islands
+which were, however, found uninhabited [**]...</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Commanded by Dirk Hartogs, or
+Hartogszoon.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* What "uninhabited islands" the ship Eendracht
+"came upon", Buysero's letter does not say. Various authentic
+archival documents of 1618 and subsequent years, however, go to
+show that the land afterwards named <b>Eendrachtsland</b> or
+<b>Land van de Eendracht</b>, and the <b>Dirk Hartogsreede</b>
+(island) must have been discovered on this voyage.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Bantam, this last day of August, A.D. 1617.<br />
+Your Worships' servant to command<br />
+CORNELIS BUYSERO [*]</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Buysero was supercargo at Bantam (DE JONGE,
+Opkcornst, IV, p. 68,) and was therefore likely to be well
+informed as to the adventures of the ship, which had sailed from
+the Netherlands in January 1616, departed from the Cape of Good
+Hope in the last days of August, and had arrived in India in
+December of the same year, as appears from what Steven Van der
+Haghen, Governor of Amboyna, writes May 26, 1617: "That in the
+month of December 1616, the ship Eendracht entered the narrows
+between Bima and the land of Endea near Guno Api (Goenoeng Api)
+in the south of Java" (Sapi Straits).]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center"><b>B.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>See infra Document No. IX, of 1618.</i></p>
+
+<p>It proves that as early as 1618 the name of
+<b>Eendrachtsland</b> was known in the Netherlands.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>C.</b></p>
+
+<p>
+The subjoined chart (reproduced on the original scale in <i>Remarkable
+Maps</i>, II, 4) was drawn by HESSEL GFRRITSZ, Cartographer in ordinary to the
+East India Company <a name="page9"></a>{Page 9} (Ress. of the "Heeren XVII",
+March 21, 1619 and October 21, 1629). He had accordingly at his disposal the
+official documents referring to this discovery.
+</p>
+
+<div class="fig" style="width:100%;">
+<a name="maps-04"></a>
+<img src="images/heeres-04.jpg" width="600" height="316" alt="[Illustration: ]" />
+<p class="caption">No. 4. Caert van (Chart of) 't Land van d'Eendracht Ao 1627
+door HESSEL GERRITSZ</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="center"><b>D.</b></p>
+
+<p>The interesting little folding chart, marked No. 5, is now in
+the possession of Jhr. J. E. Huydecoper van Maarsseveen en
+Nigtevegt, LL. D., at Utrecht. It is bound up with the said
+gentleman's copy of Abel Janszoon Tasman's journal of his voyage
+of 1642-3 [*]. The chart clearly shows that at times in
+subsequent issues of certain charts the dates given in the first
+issue were retained, while numerous corrections were made in the
+chart itself.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See my Life and Labours of TASMAN, p.
+69.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p><a name="page10"></a>{Page 10}</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>E.</b></p>
+
+<p>Of the chart of which this is a small portion, a complete
+reproduction will be found in <i>Remarkable Maps</i>, II, 8. In
+1630, accordingly, the discovery of Eendrachtsland was known at
+Nuremberg.</p>
+
+<div class="fig" style="width:100%;">
+<a name="maps-06"></a>
+<img src="images/heeres-06.jpg" width="400" height="395" alt="[Illustration: ]" />
+<p class="caption">No. 6. Kaart van het Zuidland van (Alap of the Southland
+by) JOANNES KEPPLER en PHILIPPUS ECKEBRECHT, 1630</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="doc-08"></a>VIII. (1618).<br />
+VOYAGE OF THE SHIP ZEEWOLF, FROM THE NETHERLANDS TO INDIA, UNDER
+THE COMMAND OF SUPERCARGO PIETER DIRKSZOON AND SKIPPER HAEVIK
+CLAESZOON VAN HILLEGOM.--FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE WEST-COAST OF
+AUSTRALIA.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Letter of Supercargo Pieter Dirkszoon to the
+Managers of the E.I.C. at Amsterdam, dated June 24, 1618.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>A.</b></p>
+
+<p>Worshipful Wise Provident Very Discreet Gentlemen.</p>
+
+<p>By the ships T'Wapen van Zeelandt, den Eenhoorn and Enckhuyzen
+(which with full cargoes arrived at the Cape de bone Esperance
+from these parts of India) I have on the 22nd of March last
+[1618] briefly advised Your Worships of our safe arrival
+there...[*]</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* The ship had sailed from the Netherlands in
+December 1617.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<hr />
+<p>{Page 11}</p>
+
+<p>Now with this ship den Witten Beer Your Worships may be
+pleased to receive news of the subsequent successful progress of
+our voyage to this part of India, viz. that on the 24th of the
+said month we sailed from the Taeffelbaey [Table Bay]...in the
+ship Seewolf for Bantam (pursuant to Your Worships' orders); in
+such fashion that by God's grace we soon got south as far as 37,
+38 and 39 degrees, after which we held our course due east for a
+thousand miles before turning it northward; so that on the 21st
+of May following we made the land in Cleyn Java about 6 or 8
+miles east of the island of Bali; after which, passing between
+Bali and Cleyn Java, we came to anchor before our factory of
+Japara on the second day of June...</p>
+
+<p>Having on the 11th of May reached 21&deg; 15' S. Latitude, we
+saw and discovered...land about 5 or 6 miles to windward east of
+us, which in consequence we were unable to touch at. We observed
+it to be a level, low-lying shore of great length, and looking
+out from the top-mast we saw on both ends of it, to north as well
+as to southward, still other land which showed high and
+mountainous. But as the land bore eastward from us, and we could
+not have got higher without considerable inconvenience, we do not
+know whether it forms an unbroken coast-line, or is made up of
+separate islands. In the former case it might well be a mainland
+coast, for it extended to a very great length. But only the Lord
+knows the real state of affairs. At all events it would seem
+never to have been made or discovered by any one before us, as we
+have never heard of such discovery [*], and the chart shows
+nothing but open ocean at this place. According to our skipper's
+estimation in his chart the Strait of Sunda was then N.N.E. of us
+at about 250 miles' distance; according to the second mate's
+reckoning the direction was North East, and according to the
+first mate's estimation North East by North. These statements,
+however, proved erroneous, since we arrived east of Bali on a
+north-north-east course. So that consequently this land bears
+from Sunda Strait south-south-west, and ships must arrive in Java
+eastward of Sunda Strait on a north-by-west or northern course;
+on which those who come in sight of this land from eastward and
+wish to go to Bantam, may safely base their course. This much by
+way of advice...</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Dirk Hartochs's discovery had not come to their
+knowledge then.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>On board the ship Seewolff lying at anchor before Jacatra,
+this 20 of June, 1618.<br />
+Your Worships' obedient Servant<br />
+PIETER DIRCXSOON 1618.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>B.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Letter of Skipper Haevick Claeszoon van
+Hillegom to the Managers of the E.I.C. at Amsterdam, dated June
+24, 1618.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">Laus Deo. On board the ship Seewolf lying at
+anchor before Jaeketerae, this 24th of June 1618.</p>
+
+<p>Right Worshipful Beloved Gentlemen My Lords Directors of the
+United Company at Amsterdam, with friendly greeting, the present,
+after my best wishes for the <a name="page12"></a>{Page
+12} well-being and health of my Worshipful Noble Masters,
+serves to express my hope that Your Worships may have duly
+received, through Pieter Gertsz, skipper of the ship Enckhuyzen
+[*], my letters of the 22nd of March, written in the Taefel Bay,
+recounting what had happened on our voyage up to said date. The
+present further serves to inform Your Worships of our progress up
+to this day, as follows. We set sail from the Cape de bon
+Esperanse on the 24th of the same month...</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See <i>supra</i> A.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>On the 5th of May we got into Latitude 28&deg; 26' South, when
+we saw numbers of birds many of which seemed to be land-birds,
+such as a white tropic-bird and a few scissor-tailed ducks, so
+that I surmised that we were near land. Two or three days
+afterwards we saw sea-weed floating in large quantities and long
+strips. On the 10th do. we passed the tropic in fine weather. On
+the 11th do. we saw land in 21&deg; 20' S. Lat.: it was a level,
+low-lying coast extending to a great length, and bearing mainly
+south and north, falling off on both sides with high mountains;
+we could not get near it. Whether it was a mainland coast or
+islands only, is known to God alone, but from the signs seen at
+various times I suspect it to be a mainland. The compass has one
+point north-westerly variation here; we saw a good deal of
+sea-weed floating about, and observed land-birds up to the 16th
+degree, both of these being signs of the proximity of the
+mainland. This land is a fit point to be made by ships coming
+here with the eastern monsoon, in order to get a fixed course for
+Java or Sunda Strait; for if you see this land in 21, 22 or 23
+degrees, and shape your course north-north-west and north-by-west
+you will make the western extremity of Jaeva. I write this as
+a matter of certainty, seeing that we have made the same on a fixed
+course, and ships following this course are sure to find it true.
+On the 21st do. we saw land, to wit, Kleyn Jaevae; we kept off and
+on during the night, and at daybreak made for the land, passing
+through the strait between Kleyn Jaeva and Baely...</p>
+
+<p>Your Worships' servant to command</p>
+
+<p>H. CLAESSEN VAN HILLEGOM.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="doc-09"></a>IX. (1618).<br />
+VOYAGE OF THE SHIP MAURITIUS FROM THE NETHERLANDS TO INDIA UNDER
+THE COMMAND OF SUPERCARGO WILLEM JANSZ OR JANSZOON AND SKIPPER
+LENAERT JACOBSZ(OON). FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE WEST-COAST OF
+AUSTRALIA.--WILLEMS-RIVER.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Letter Of supercargo WILLFM JANSZ(OON) to
+the Managers of the Amsterdam Chamber, Oclober 6, 1618.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>A.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">Worshipful Wise Provident Discreet
+Gentlemen,</p>
+
+<p>(Sailed 1000 miles to eastward in in 38 degrees with notable
+success.)</p>
+
+<p>The present serves only to inform you that on the 8th of June
+last with the ship Mauritius we passed Cape de bon esperence,
+with strong westerly winds, so that we deemed it inadvisable to
+call at any land, after which we ran a thousand miles to eastward
+in 38 degrees Southern Latitude, though we should have wished to
+go still further east.</p>
+
+<p><a name="page13"></a>{Page 13}</p>
+
+<p>On the 31st of July we discovered an island and landed on the
+same, where we found the marks of human footsteps--on the
+west-side it extends N.N.E. and S.S.W.; it measures 15 miles in
+length, and its northern extremity is in 22&deg; S. Lat. It bears
+Eendracht S.S.E. and N.N.W. from the south-point of Sunda at 240
+miles' distance; from there (Eendrachtsland [*]) through God's
+grace we safely arrived before Bantam on the 22nd of
+August...</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* This marginal note was made by an official of the
+East India Company, when the letter had reached its
+destination.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Done on board the ship 't Wapen van Amsterdam, October 6,
+1618.</p>
+
+<p>Your Worships' Obedt. Servant</p>
+
+<p>WILLEM JANSZ.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>B.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">Worshipful Wise Provident Discreet
+Gentlemen,</p>
+
+<p>See <i>the Maps numbered VII, C and D (1616).</i></p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="doc-10"></a>X. (1619)?<br />
+FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE SOUTH-COAST OF NEW-GUINEA BY THE SHIP
+HET WAPEN VAN AMSTERDAM? [*]</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Instructions for Tasman 1644.</i></p>
+
+<p>...In the interim in the year 1619 the ship 't Wapen van
+Amsterdam, passing Banda on her way thither, was east on the
+<b>south-coast of Nova Guinea</b> where also some of her crew
+were slain by the barbarian inhabitants, so that no certain
+information respecting the situation of the country was
+obtained...</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* I place a note of interrogation here. The matter
+is not quite clear. For the sake of completeness I mention it
+here, but without drawing any conclusion. On p. 95, note 5 of my
+"Life of Tasman" in Fred. Muller's Tasman publication I say:
+"Leupe, Zuidland, p. 35, cites a letter sent by the Directors to
+the Gov.-Gen. and Councillors, of Sept. 9, 1620. In this letter
+there is question of the discoveries made by d'Eendracht,
+Zeewolff, <i>'t Wapen van Amsterdam</i>, and quite recently by
+Commanders Houtman and D'Edel". When, we may ask, did the ship 't
+Wapen van Amsterdam survey the South-land? There certainly was a
+ship of that name by the side of another vessel, named Amsterdam
+<i>pur et simple</i>. According to the Register of departures of
+vessels of the E.I.C., preserved in the State Archives at the
+Hague, this ship set sail from the Netherlands on May 11, 1613. I
+have found no reliable trace of later date of this vessel, and
+the documents know nothing of any exploration of the South-land
+by her. I am inclined to think that Leupe is mistaken here. The
+letter itself, which is contained in the copying-book of letters,
+preserved in the State Archives, has suffered much from
+theravages of time. Between the words "Zeewolff" and "Amsterdam"
+the paper has suffered so much that nothing is left of the
+intervening letters. L. C. D. Van Dijk, in his Mededeelingen uit
+het Oost-Indisch archief. Amsterdam, <i>Scheltema</i>, 1859 p. 2,
+note 2, has also printed the letter in question. He puts the
+words: "'t Wapen van" in parentheses, in order to denote that they
+are merely conjectural. Leupe may have inadvertently omitted
+these parentheses. Perhaps the original text read: "ende
+Amsterdam". In this case there would have been two times
+question of Dedel's voyages: once by a reference to the ship
+Amsterdam; and afterwards by mentioning Dedel's name itself. I
+must not however omit to make mention here of what the
+Instructions for Tasman's second voyage, dated January 29, 1644,
+say about an unsuccessful expedition undertaken by the ship 't
+Wapen van Amsterdam to the south coast of New Guinea in
+1619.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<hr />
+<p><a name="page14"></a>{Page 14}</p>
+
+<h3><a name="doc-11"></a>XI. (1619)<br />
+VOYAGE OF THE SHIPS DORDRECHT AND AMSTERDAM UNDER COMMANDER
+FREDERIK DE HOUTMAN, SUPERCARGO JACOB DEDEL, AND SKIPPERS REYER
+JANSZOON VAN BUIKSLOOT AND MAARTEN CORNELISZOON(?), FROM THE
+NETHERLANDS TO THE EAST-INDIES.--FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE
+WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA: DEDELSLAND AND HOUTMAN'S ABROLHOS.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><b>A.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Letter of Commander</i> FREDERIK DE HUTMAN
+<i>to Prince Alaurice, October 7, 1619.</i></p>
+
+<p>Most Noble Highborn Prince,</p>
+
+<p>Most Highborn Prince, my last letter to Your Princely
+Excellency was dated May the 20th last from the Taefelbay near
+Cabo de bonne esperance with the ship Anna from England...</p>
+
+<p>Now as regards my subsequent progress I would inform Your
+Excellency that on the 8th of June we set sail from the Tafelbay
+with a fair wind with the ships Dordrecht and Amsterdam, add that
+on the 19th of July following we suddenly came upon the
+<b>Southland of Beach</b> [*] in 32 degrees 20 minutes. We spent
+a few days there in order to get some knowledge of the same, but
+the inconvenience of being unable to make a landing, together
+with the heavy gales, prevented us from effecting our purpose,
+upon which shaping our course for Java, we got sight of the same
+on the 19th of August, and arrived safely before Jacatra on the
+3rd of September...</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Though De Houtman knew of the discovery of
+<b>Eendrachtsland</b> (see <i>infra</i>), he still uses the name
+<b>Beach</b>; which clearly proves that in the early part of the
+seventeenth century the Netherlanders identified <b>the
+discovered South-land</b> with the mysterious land of
+Beach.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>From Jacatra, this seventh of October, A.D. 1619.</p>
+
+<p>(Signed)</p>
+
+<p>Your Excellency's most devoted Servant</p>
+
+<p>FREDERICK HOUTMAN.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>B.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Letter of</i> FREDERIK DE HOUTMAN <i>to the
+Managers of the E.I.C., October 7, 1619.</i></p>
+
+<p>Most Noble Wise Provident Very Discreet Gentlemn,</p>
+
+<p>My last letter to Your Worships was dated May 20th from the
+Tafelbay...We next sailed from the Tafelbay with the ships
+Dordrecht and Amsterdam on June the 8th...</p>
+
+<p>We ran on with a fair north-west wind as far as 36&deg; 30',
+in which latitude we kept this steady breeze with us up to the
+17th of July, when we estimated ourselves to have sailed straight
+to eastward the space of a thousand miles. We observed 16&deg;
+decreasing north-westerly variation of the compass, and resolved
+to steer...on a north-east-by-north course, {Page 15} we
+then being in 35&deg; 25' Southern Latitude. After keeping the
+aforesaid course for about 60 miles, in the evening of the 19th
+we suddenly saw land, which we steered away from. On the 20th we
+found it to be a mainland coast extending South and North. We
+resolved to use our utmost endeavours to obtain some knowledge of
+this coast, which seemed to be a very good land, but could find
+no spot for conveniently landing owing to the surf and the heavy
+seas. On the 23rd both the Amsterdam and our ship lost an anchor
+each, since our cables were broken by the strong gale. We kept
+near the coast till the 28th of July, but owing to the violent
+storm could not effect a landing, so that we were forced to leave
+the land aforesaid, not without imminent danger of being thrown
+on it by the strong gale.</p>
+
+<p>On the 28th we sighted a cape of the said coast, off which we
+sounded in from 45 to 70 fathom, but shortly after we got no
+bottom, and in the evening the land was out of sight.</p>
+
+<p>On the 29th do. deeming ourselves to be in an open sea, we
+shaped our course north-by-east. At noon we were in 29&deg; 32'
+S. Lat.; at night about three hours before daybreak, we again
+unexpectedly came upon a low-lying coast, a level, broken country
+with reefs all round it. We saw no high land or mainland, so that
+this shoal is to be carefully avoided as very dangerous to ships
+that wish to touch at this coast. It is fully ten miles in
+length, lying in 28&deg; 46.</p>
+
+<p>On the 2nd of August, the wind becoming contrary, we turned
+our course eastward at noon we again sighted a long stretch of
+land in Lat. 27&deg; 40' South. We are all assured that this is
+the land which the ship <b>Eendracht</b> discovered and made in
+the year [*], and noways doubt that all the land they saw in 22,
+23, 25 degrees, and which we sighted down to 33 degrees, is one
+uninterrupted mainland coast.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Left blank.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>When in 26&deg; 20' we were in sight of the land, we had 8
+degrees decreasing northwesterly variation of the compass. We
+then shaped our course north and north by west, which leaves it
+due north, if the variation is deducted. On the 29th of August we
+made the south-coast of Java, 60 miles to eastward of the western
+extremity of the said island, so that if you are near this
+South-land in 23, 24 or 25 degrees S. Lat., and shape your course
+north by west, which deducting the variation is due
+north-north-west, you will strike the coast of Java [*] miles to
+eastward of its south-western extremity. Therefore, in order to
+have a fixed course from the Cape to Java, it is advisable to set
+sail from the Cape de bonne Esperance in June or July, and to run
+on an eastern course in 36 and 37 degrees Southern Latitude,
+until you estimate yourself to have covered a thousand miles to
+eastward, after which you had better shape your course north and
+north by east, until you get into 26 or 27 degrees, thus shunning
+the <b>shoal</b> aforesaid which lies <b>off the South-land</b>
+in 28&deg; 46'.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Left blank.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>When you have reached the 26th or 27th degree, run eastward
+until you come in sight of the South-land, and then, as before
+mentioned, from there hold your course north by west and
+north-north-west, and you are sure to make the western extremity
+of Java, as shown in the annexed small chart [*], which I have
+drawn up for the better assurance. This South-land, as far as we
+could judge, seems to be a very fair coast, but we found it
+impossible to land on it, nor have we seen any smoke or signs of
+inhabitants there; but further investigation is wanted on this
+point.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Not forthcoming.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>On the 25th of August we got into Sonda Strait...</p>
+
+<p>In the fortress of Jacatra, October 7, 1619.<br />
+Your Worships' obedient servant<br />
+FREDERICK HOUTMAN.</p>
+
+<p>{Page 16}</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>C.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Letter of Supercargo</i> JACOB DEDEL <i>to
+the Managers of the E.I.C., October 7, 1619.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">Worshipful Wise Provident Gentlemen,</p>
+
+<p>My last letter to you was dated May 20 last, in which I
+informed you of my arrival at Cabo de bonne Esperance..., where I
+found Commander Houtman...</p>
+
+<p>On the first of June I was ready to set sail for Bantam from
+Cabo de bonne Esperance but contrary winds prevented my putting
+to sea before June 8th, when I sailed in company with the Hon.
+Houtman, pursuant to a resolution of the Plenary Council. The
+ships were found to have nearly the same sailing powers, so that
+we constantly remained in each other's company. After having had
+plenty of westerly, south westerly and southerly winds in 35, 36
+and 37 degrees Southern Latitude, with occasional stiff breezes,
+we safely made the required distance to eastward, and on the 19th
+of July last came upon <b>the south-lands situated behind
+Java</b>. We anchored in 14 fathom in 32&frac12; degrees
+latitude, the bottom being level and hard; in full sight of the
+land the sea was 100 fathom deep, the coast being steep and
+mountainous, the interior uniformly high, of which I append a
+map. We used our best endeavours to make a landing, which,
+however, could not conveniently be done owing to the steep coast,
+whereupon we resolved to run a little more north, where the coast
+seemed easier of access; but the wind steadily blowing very
+stiffly from the north under the land, and the tide coming in
+from the south, we spent a good deal of time in tacking, until a
+sudden squall from the west, which made the coast a lee-shore and
+made us lose one of our anchors, threatened to throw us on the
+coast. We then made all sail, and the wind coming round a little,
+we stood out to sea, not deeming it advisable to continue longer
+inshore in this bad weather with such large heavy ships and such
+costly cargoes as we had entrusted to our care, and with great
+peril to lose more precious time, but being contented with having
+seen the land which at a more favourable time may be further
+explored with more fitting vessels and smaller craft. We have
+seen no signs of inhabitants, nor did we always keep near the
+coast, since it formed large bays which would have taken up much
+time. Still we kept seeing the coast from time to time, until in
+27 degrees we came upon <b>the land discovered by the ship
+Eendracht</b>, which land in the said latitude showed as a red,
+muddy coast, which according to the surmises of some of us might
+not unlikely prove to be gold-bearing, a point which may be
+cleared up in time.</p>
+
+<p>Leaving the 27th degree, we shaped our course north and north
+by west, until on the 19th of August we struck the island of Java
+70 miles to eastward of its western extremity...after which we
+arrived in Sunda Caleppe Strait on the 23rd of the same
+month...</p>
+
+<p>This 7th day of October, 1619.</p>
+
+<p>On board the ship Amsterdam at anchor before our fortress of
+Jacatra.<br />
+Your Worships' Servant<br />
+JACOB DEDEL.</p>
+
+<p><a name="page17"></a>{Page 17}</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>D.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Maps of Hessel Gerritsz, numbered VII C and
+D. (1616).</i></p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="doc-12"></a>XII. (1622)<br />
+VOYAGE OF THE SHIP LEEUWIN FROM THE NETHERLANDS TO
+JAVA.--DISCOVERY OF THE SOUTH-WEST COAST OF AUSTRALIA.--LEEUWIN'S
+LAND.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><b>A.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Chart of Hessel Gerritsz, VII C
+(1616).</i></p>
+
+<p>I print such of the legends of this chart as refer to the
+results of this expedition:</p>
+
+<p>"Duynich landt boven met boomen ende boseage.<br />
+Laegh ghelijck verdroncken landt.<br />
+<b>'t Landt van de Leeuwin</b> beseylt Ao 1622 in Maert [*].
+Laegh duynich landt."<br />
+[Dunes with trees and underwood at top.--Low land seemingly
+submerged (by the tide).--Land made by the ship Leeuwin in March,
+1622.--Low land with dunes].</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* The ship Lecuwin had set sail from the Netherlands
+on April 20, 1621, and arrived at Batavia May 15, 1622, after a
+very long voyage, of which the G.-G. and Counc. did not fail to
+complain.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center"><b>B.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Instructions for Tasman 1644.</i></p>
+
+<p>...likewise, during the same period in the years 1616, 1618,
+1619 and 1622, the <b>west coast of the great unknown
+South-land</b> from 35 to 22 degrees was unexpectedly and
+accidentally discovered by the ships d'Eendracht, Mauritius,
+Amsterdam, Dordrecht and <b>Leeuwin</b>, coming from the
+Netherlands...</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="doc-13"></a>XIII. (1622)<br />
+THE TRIALL (ENGLISH DISCOVERY).--<br />
+THE SHIP WAPEN VAN HOORN TOUCHES AT THE WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA.
+NEW PROJECTS FOR DISCOVERY MADE BY THE SUPREME GOVERNMENT AT
+BATAVIA.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><b>A.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Letter from the G.-G. and Counc. to the
+Managers of the E.I.C., September 6, 1622.</i></p>
+
+<p>...On the 5th of July there arrived here [*] a boat with ten
+men forming part of the crew of an English ship, named the
+<b>Triall</b>, and on the 8th do. her pinnace with 36 men. They
+state that they have lost and abandoned their ship with 97 men
+and {Page 18} the cargo she had taken in, on certain
+<b>rocks</b> situated in Latitude 20&deg; 10' South, in the
+longitude of the western extremity of Java. These rocks are near
+a number of broken islands, lying very far apart, South-east and
+North-west, at 30 miles' distance northwest of a <b>certain
+island</b> which in our charts is laid down in 22&deg; S. Lat.
+[**]. The said ship Triall ran on these rocks in the night-time
+in fine weather, without having seen land, and since the heavy
+swells caused the ship to run aground directly, so that it got
+filled with water, the 46 persons aforementioned put off from her
+in the greatest disorder with the boat and pinnace each
+separately, leaving 97 persons in the ship; whose fate is known
+to God alone. The boat and pinnace aforesaid arrived here each
+separately, without knowing of each other.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Batavia.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** See, for instance, the chart of Hessel Gerritsz:
+VII C (1616).]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>The ship <b>'t Wapen van Hoorn</b> [*] has also been in
+extreme peril; at night in a hard wind she got so near the land
+of <b>d'Eendracht or the South-land of Java</b> that she was in 6
+fathom before they saw land, which they could noways put off
+from, so that they ran on it. But shortly after the storm
+abating, they got the landwind, and came off safe, for which the
+Lord be praised.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* She sailed from the Texel, December 22, 1621, and
+arrived at Batavia, July 22, 1622.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>The ships Amsterdam and Dordrecht [*] likewise got into great
+peril near the land just mentioned in the year 1619. Whereas it
+is necessary that ships, in order to hasten their arrival, should
+run on an eastward course for about 1000 miles from the Cape de
+Bona Esperance between 40 and 30 degrees Southern Latitude, it is
+equally necessary that great caution should be used and the best
+measures taken in order to avoid such accidents as befell the
+English ship <b>Triall</b>. They say that they met with this
+accident through following the course of our ships; that they
+intend to dissuade their countrymen from imitating their example,
+and that their masters are sure to take other measures
+accordingly.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See <i>supra</i>, p. 10.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>For the further discovery of the lands aforesaid we intend, in
+conformity with your orders, to send a ship thither as soon as
+practicable, for which purpose we have selected the yacht
+Hazewint [*]. May God Almighty preserve all your worships' ships
+from accidents and bring them safe to port...</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See <i>infra</i>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center"><b>B.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Instructions for the yachts Haringh and
+Hasewint having destination jointly to discover and explore the
+South-land, September 29, 1622.</i></p>
+
+<p>Inasmuch as Our Masters ["Heeren Majores"] earnestly enjoin us
+to dispatch hence certain yachts for the purpose of making
+discovery of the South-land; and since moreover experience has
+taught, by great perils incurred by sundry of our ships--but
+specially by the late miscarrying of the English ship
+<b>Triali</b> on the said coast--the urgent necessity of
+obtaining a full and accurate knowledge of the true bearing and
+conformation of the said land, that further accidents may
+henceforth be prevented as much as possible; besides this, seeing
+that is highly desirable that an investigation should be made to
+ascertain whether the regions or any part of the same are
+inhabited, and whether any trade might with them be
+established.</p>
+
+<p><i>Therefore</i>, for the purpose before mentioned, we have
+resolved to fit out the yachts Haringh and Hasewint for
+undertaking the said voyage, and for ascertaining as much of the
+situation and nature of these regions as God Almighty shall
+vouchsafe to allow them.</p>
+
+<p>{Page 19}</p>
+
+<p>You will accordingly set sail from here together, run out of
+Sunda Strait, and steer your course for the South-land from the
+western extremity of Java, keeping as close to the wind as you
+will find at all possible, that by so doing you may avoid being
+driven too far westward by the South-easterly winds which
+generally blow in those waters. You may therefore run on as far
+as the 32nd or 33rd degree, if you do not fall in with land
+before that latitude; having got so far without seeing land, you
+may conclude that you have fallen off too far to westward, for
+sundry ships coming from the Netherlands have accidentally come
+upon the South-land in this latitude; you will in this case have
+to turn your course to eastward, and run on in this direction
+until you sight land.</p>
+
+<p>In running over to the <i>South-land</i> aforesaid, you will
+have to keep a careful lookout, as soon as you get in 14 or 15
+degrees, seeing that the English ship Trial before mentioned got
+aground in 20&deg; 10' Southern Latitude on certain sunken rocks,
+bearing north-east and south-west for a length Of 7 miles,
+according to the observation of the English pilot, but without
+having seen any mainland thereabouts. But the men who saved
+themselves in the pinnace and the boat, and thus arrived here,
+deposed that in the latitude of 13 or 14 degrees they had seen
+sundry pieces of wood and cane, and branches of trees floating
+about, from which they concluded that there must be land or
+islands near there. The <i>sunken rocks</i> aforesaid on which
+the <i>Triall</i> was wrecked, were exactly south of the western
+extremity of <i>Java</i> according to the statements made by the
+English sailors.</p>
+
+<p>When you shall have come upon the <i>South-land</i> in the
+said latitude or near it, you will skirt the coast of the same as
+far as Latitude 50&deg;, in case the land should extend so far
+southward; but if the land should fall off before you have
+reached the said latitude, and should be found to trend eastward,
+you will follow its eastern extension for some time, and finding
+no further extension to southward, you will not proceed farther
+east, but turn back. You will do the same if you should find the
+land to turn to westward. In returning you will run along the
+coast as far as it extends to northward, next proceeding on an
+eastern course or in such wise as you shall find the land to
+extend: in which manner you will follow the coast as close
+inshore and as long as you shall find practicable, and as you
+deem your victuals and provisions to be sufficient for the
+return-voyage, even if in so doing you should sail round the
+whole land and emerge to southward.</p>
+
+<p>The main object for which you are dispatched on this occasion,
+is, that from 45 or 50 degrees, or from the farthest point to
+which the land shall be found to extend southward within these
+latitudes, up to the northernmost extremity of the South-land,
+you will have to discover and survey all capes, forelands,
+bights, lands, islands, rocks, reefs, sandbanks, depths,
+shallows, roads, winds, currents and all that appertains to the
+same, so as to be able to map out and duly mark everything in its
+true latitude, longitude, bearings and conformation. You will
+moreover go ashore in various places and diligently examine the
+coast in order to ascertain whether or no it is inhabited, the
+nature of the land and the people, their towns and inhabited
+villages, the divisions of their kingdoms, their religion and
+policy, their wars, their rivers, the shape of their vessels,
+their fisheries, commodities and manufactures, but specially to
+inform yourselves what minerals, such as gold, silver, tin, iron,
+lead, and copper, what precious stones, pearls, vegetables,
+animals and fruits, these lands yield and produce.</p>
+
+<p>{Page 20}</p>
+
+<p>To all which particulars and whatever else may be worth
+noting, you will pay diligent attention, keeping a careful record
+or daily journal of the same, that we may get full information of
+all your doings and experiences, and the Company obtain due and
+perfect knowledge of the situation and natural features of these
+regions, in return for the heavy expenses to which she is put by
+this expedition.</p>
+
+<p>To all the places which you shall touch at, you will give
+appropriate names such as in each instance the case shall seem to
+require, choosing for the same either the names of the United
+Provinces or of the towns situated therein, or any other
+appellations that you may deem fitting and worthy. Of all which
+places, lands and islands, the commander and officers of these
+yachts, by order and pursuant to the commission of the Worshipful
+Governor-General Jan Pieterszoon Coen, sent out to India by their
+High Mightinesses the States-General of the United Netherlands,
+and by the Lords Managers of the General Chartered United East
+India Company established in the same, will, by solemn
+declaration signed by the ships' councils, take formal
+possession, and in sign thereof, besides, erect a stone column in
+such places as shall be taken possession of; the said column
+recording in bold, legible characters the year, the month, the
+day of the week and the date, the persons by whom and the hour of
+the day when such possession has been taken on behalf of the
+States-General above mentioned. You will likewise endeavour to
+enter into friendly relations and make covenants with all such
+kings and nations as you shall happen to fall in with, and try to
+prevail upon them to place themselves under the protection of the
+States of the United Netherlands, of which covenants and
+alliances you will likewise cause proper documents to be drawn up
+and signed.</p>
+
+<p>All such lands, islands, etc. as you shall take possession of
+in the fashion aforesaid, you will duly mark in the chart in
+their true latitude, longitude and bearings, together with the
+names newly conferred on the same.</p>
+
+<p>In virtue of the oath of allegiance which each of you
+generally and personally has sworn to the Lords States-General,
+to His Princely Highness and the Lords Managers, none of you
+shall be allowed to retain for his private use or to abstract any
+written documents, journals, drawings or observations touching
+this present expedition, but every one of you shall be bound on
+his return hither faithfully to deliver up the same without
+exception.</p>
+
+<p>According to the written statements of Jan Huygen [*], and the
+opinion of sundry other persons, certain parts of this South-land
+are likely to yield gold, a point into which you will inquire as
+carefully as possible.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* <i>Scil</i>. Van Linschoten.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>For the purpose of making a trial we have given orders for
+various articles to be put on board your ships, such as
+ironmongery, cloths, coast-stuffs [*] and linens; which you will
+show and try to dispose of to such natives as you may meet with,
+always diligently noting what articles are found to be most in
+demand, what quantities might be disposed of, and what might be
+obtained in exchange for them; we furthermore hand you samples of
+gold, silver, copper, iron, lead and pearls, that you may inquire
+whether these articles are known to the natives, and might be
+obtained there in any considerable quantity.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* i. e. drawn from the Coast of
+Coromandel.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>In landing anywhere you will use extreme caution, and never go
+ashore or into the interior unless well-armed, trusting no one,
+however innocent the natives may be <a name="page21"></a>{Page
+21} in appearance, and with whatever kindness they may seem
+to receive you, being always ready to stand on the defensive, in
+order to prevent sudden traitorous surprises, the like of which,
+sad to say, have but too often been met with in similar cases.
+And if any natives should come hear your ships, you will likewise
+take due care that they suffer no molestation from our men.</p>
+
+<p>When you get near the northern extremity and the east coast of
+the South-land, you will diligently inquire whether it yields
+anywhere sandal-wood, nutmegs, cloves or other spices; likewise
+whether it has any good harbours and fertile tracts, where it
+would be possible to establish settlements, which might be
+expected to yield satisfactory returns. In a word, you will
+suffer nothing to escape your notice, but carefully scrutinise
+whatever you find, and give us a full and proper report on your
+return, by doing which you will render good service to the United
+Netherlands and reap special honour for yourselves.</p>
+
+<p>In places where you meet with natives, you will either by
+adroit management or by other means endeavour to get hold of a
+number of full-grown persons, or better still, of boys and girls,
+to the end that the latter may be brought up here and be turned
+to useful purpose in the said quarters when occasion shall
+serve.</p>
+
+<p>The command of the two yachts has been entrusted to Jan Vos,
+who during the voyage will carry the flag, convene the council
+and take the chair in the same, in virtue of our special
+commission granted to the said Vos for the purpose.</p>
+
+<p>Given in the Fortress of jacatra, this 29th of September, A.D.
+1622 [*].</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Unforeseen circumstances prevented the expedition
+from setting out (Letter of the G.-G. and Counc. to the Managers,
+1 Febr. 1623).]</p></blockquote>
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="doc-14"></a>XIV. (1623)<br />
+VOYAGE OF THE SHIPS PERA AND ARNHEM, UNDER COMMAND OF JAN
+CARSTENSZOON OR CARSTENSZ, DIRK MELISZOON, AND WILLEM JOOSTEN VAN
+COLSTER [*] OR VAN COOLSTEERDT.--FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE
+SOUTH-WEST COAST OF NEW GUINEA. DISCOVERY OF THE GULF OF
+CARPENTARIA.</h3>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* He replaced Meliszoon after the latter's death in
+February.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center"><b>I.</b></p>
+
+<h3>JOINT VOYAGE OF THE TWO SHIPS.--VOYAGE OF THE PERA BY HERSELF
+UNDER CARSTENSZ, AFTER THE ARNHEM HAD PARTED COMPANY WITH HER
+[*].</h3>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* This took place on April 27.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center"><b>A.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Letter of the G.-G. and Counc. to the
+Managers of the E.I.C, dated January 3, 1624.</i></p>
+
+<p>...In the month of January 1623, Governor Van Speult
+dispatched from Amboina the yachts Arnhem and Pera, for the
+purpose of concluding treaties of friend ship with the natives of
+Quey, Aroe and Tenimber, and of further discovering and {Page
+22} exploring the land of Nova Guinea; as Your Worships may
+gather from the enclosed document, the islanders aforesaid have
+of their own free will placed themselves under the obedience and
+dominion of their High Mightinesses the States-General of the
+United Netherlands, and have promised to come and trade with our
+fortresses in Banda and Amboyna. From there the yachts ran over
+to <b>Nova Guinea</b> and skirted <b>the said coast as far as
+17&deg; 8' Southern Latitude</b> our men landed in sundry places,
+but found nothing but wild coasts, barren land and extremely
+cruel, savage and barbarous natives, who surprised and murdered
+nine of our men, partly owing to their own negligence; according
+to the report we have received of the said coast, there would be
+nothing in particular to be got there; what winds, currents,
+shores, rivers, bights, capes, forelands and other features of
+the coast have been further met with, surveyed and explored, Your
+Worships may gather from the enclosed journal and minutes, to
+which we would beg leave to refer you for further
+particulars...</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>B.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Journal kept by JAN CARSTENSZ [*] on his
+voyage to Nova Guinea...</i></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* CARSTENSZ got the Instructions originally drawn up
+for the ships Haringh and Hazewind. (See VAN DIJK, Carpentaria,
+pp. 9-10).]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center">A.D. 1623.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>In the name of God Amen.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">JANUARY.</p>
+
+<p>On Saturday the 21st we weighed anchor before Amboyna and set
+sail from there, together with the yacht <b>Aernem</b>...On
+Saturday the 28th...about 3 o'clock in the afternoon...we
+anchored off the east side of the island of Quey.</p>
+
+<p>The following night...we made for Aro on an East-by-North and
+Eastern course.</p>
+
+<p>On Saturday the 29th in the evening we dropped anchor near the
+northern island of Aro.</p>
+
+<p class="center">FEBRUARY.</p>
+
+<p>On the 6th...the wind being south-east by east, we set sail
+again for the island which in some charts [*] is called Ceram,
+and in others de Papues; course held north-east by north; in the
+evening N.N.E.; about midnight it fell a calm; sailed 6
+miles.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Cf. <i>Remarkable Maps</i> II, 2, II, 3. Under
+date of March 31 the present journal once more refers to this
+mistake in the older charts.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>{Page 23}</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 6th the wind was N.E. with a tolerable
+breeze, course held N.N.W., we saw high land ahead both on the
+lee and the weather bow--at noon latitude 4&deg; 57', sailed
+three miles on the said course; for the rest of the day we had a
+calm, towards the evening the wind went round to S.E., course
+held N.E. by E., sailed 4 miles.</p>
+
+<p>On Sunday the 8th the wind was S. by W., with rain; course
+held N.E. by E., at noon latitude 4&deg; 27, sailed 4 miles on
+the said course. We then went on a N.E. course, with a variable
+wind, which at last fell to a calm; towards evening after sunset
+the wind turned to S. by E., we sailed with the fore- and
+mizen-sails only on an E. course, sailed three miles to E.S.O.
+[sic] In the night the two yachts ran foul of each other in
+tacking, but got no damage worth mentioning. The latter part of
+the night we drifted in a calm without sails until daybreak.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 9th we made sail again and with a weak
+N.E. wind held our course for the land: somewhat later in the day
+the wind turned to N.W., at noon we were in latitude 4&deg; 17'
+and had the south-coast of the land east slightly north of us,
+course and wind as before; in the evening we were close inshore
+in 25 fathom clayey ground, but since there was no shelter there
+from sea-winds, we again turned off the land, and skirted along
+it in the night with small sail, seeing we had no knowledge of
+the land and the shallows thereabouts; variable wind with
+rain.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p class="center">NOTE.</p>
+
+<p>The same day the plenary council having been convened, it was
+determined and fixed by formal resolution to continue our present
+course along the coast, and if we should come upon any capes,
+bights, or roads, to come to anchor there for one or two days at
+the utmost for a landing, in which we shall run ashore in good
+order with two well-manned and armed pinnaces, to endeavour to
+come to parley with the inhabitants and generally inspect the
+state of affairs there; in leaving we shall, if at all
+practicable, seize one or two blacks to take along with us; the
+main reason which has led us to touch at the island aforesaid
+being, that certain reports and writings seem to imply that the
+land which we are now near to, is the Gouwen-eylandt [*], which
+it would be impossible to call at on our return-voyage in the
+eastern monsoon, if we are to obey our orders and
+instructions.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* An allusion perhaps to the "provincia
+aurifera", as the so-called Beach was sometimes styled; VAN
+LINSCHOTEN, we know, had also surmised the presence of gold in
+the South-land.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<hr />
+<p>In the morning of the 10th, the wind being N.W. by north,
+being close inshore, we again held our course for the land;
+somewhat later in the day we had West wind with a hard gale, with
+which we sailed along the coast; about noon we cast anchor in 12
+fathom clayey bottom without any shelter from the W.N.W. wind;
+when we were at anchor there, the pinnace of the <b>Pera</b>, in
+conformity with the above resolution was sent ashore well-manned
+and armed, under command of the sub-cargo, but the heavy rolling
+of the sea made it impossible to effect a landing. We accordingly
+made a man swim ashore through the surf, who deposited a few
+small pieces of iron on the beach, where he had observed numerous
+human footprints; but as nothing more could be done, the pinnace
+went back to the yacht, which we could not get round to eastward
+owing to the strong current; we were accordingly forced to weigh
+the anchor again, and drift with the current, and thus ran on
+along the coast till the first watch, when we cast anchor, it
+being a dead calm and we having no knowledge of the water.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 11th we took the sun's altitude, which
+we found to be 8&deg;, we being in 14&deg; 14', which makes a
+difference of 6&deg; 14'. When we had sailed along the land for
+about a mile's distance we cast anchor in 9 fathom muddy bottom
+and sent the pinnace ashore in the same fashion as last time, but
+earnestly charged the subcargo to use great caution, and to treat
+with kindness any natives that he should meet {Page 24}
+with, trying if possible to lay hands on some of them, that
+through them, as soon as they have become somewhat conversant
+with the Malay tongue, our Lords and Masters may obtain reliable
+knowledge touching the productions of their land. At noon we were
+in Latitude 4&deg; 20'; at night when our men returned with the
+pinnace, they informed us that the strong surf had prevented them
+from landing, and that they had accordingly, for fully two miles'
+distance, rowed up a fresh-water river which fell into the sea
+near the yacht, without, however, seeing or hearing any human
+beings, except that in returning they had seen numerous human
+footprints near the mouth of the river, and likewise two or three
+small huts made of dry grass, in which they saw banana-leaves and
+the sword of a sword-fish, all which they left intact in
+conformity with their orders; they also reported that the
+interior is very low-lying and submerged in many places, but that
+5, 6, or 7 miles from the coast it becomes hilly, much resembling
+the island of Ceram near Banda.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p class="center">NOTE.</p>
+
+<p>(The skipper of the <b>Arnem</b> and nine persons along with
+him, slain by the savages, in consequence of their want of
+caution.)</p>
+
+<p>This same day the skipper of the yacht <b>Aernem, Direk
+Melisz(oon)</b> without knowledge of myself, of the subcargo or
+steersman of the said yacht, unadvisedly went ashore to the open
+beach in the pinnace, taking with him 15 persons, both officers
+and along common sailors, and no more than four muskets, for the
+purpose of fishing with a seine-net; there was great disorder in
+landing, the men running off in different directions, until at
+last a number of black savages came running forth from the wood,
+who first seized and tore to pieces an assistant, named <b>Jan
+Willemsz Van den Briel</b> who happened to be unarmed, after
+which they slew with arrows, callaways (spears) and with the oars
+which they had snatched from the pinnace, no less than nine of
+our men, who were unable to defend themselves, at the same time
+wounding the remaining seven (among them the skipper, who was the
+first to take to his heels); these last seven men at last
+returned on board in very sorry plight with the pinnace and one
+oar, the skipper loudly lamenting his great want of prudence, and
+entreating pardon for the fault he had committed.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>In the evening the wind West with a very stiff breeze, so that
+we did not sail in the night, considering our ignorance of these
+waters and our fear of cliffs and shallows that might lie off the
+coast, which in every case we had to keep near to, if we wanted
+to get further north.</p>
+
+<p>On Sunday morning the 12th we set sail again with a stiff
+breeze from the west; we held our course E. by S. along the land,
+and sailed 14 miles that day; in the evening we altered our
+course to E.S.E., with a N.W. wind; in the night we had variable
+wind and weather, so that we kept drifting; in the day-watch the
+skipper of the <b>Aernem, Direk Melisz.</b>, died of the wounds
+received the day before, having suffered grievous pains shortly
+before his death.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the thirteenth the wind was N.E. with fair
+weather and little wind, so that we ran near the land again; at
+noon we were in Lat. 4&deg; 25'; the wind West with a very stiff
+breeze, course held East by South, and by computation sailed 10
+miles until the evening; in the night the wind was variable;
+towards daybreak it came on to rain; at 2&frac12; miles' distance
+from the low-lying land we were in 28 fathom, black sandy bottom,
+the land bearing East and West.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 14th the wind was East with a faint
+breeze, which continued for the rest of the day; we kept tacking;
+in the evening the wind was N.E. by N. with a very strong current
+setting westward.</p>
+
+<p>{Page 25}</p>
+
+<p>On the 15th before daybreak the wind was N. by W. with a stiff
+breeze, course held East by South; in the morning we took the
+sun's altitude at sunrise, which we found to be 7 degrees; at
+night ditto 21&deg; 30'; the difference being divided by two
+comes to 7&deg; 15'; somewhat later in the day, the wind being
+N.E. by N., we were five miles or upwards from the land in 33
+fathom, drifting rapidly to westward; at noon we were in Lat.
+4&deg; 51', the wind W. by N.; course held N.E. by E. towards the
+land; shortly after the wind became due North; from the morning
+to the evening we had sailed 6 miles, and in 36 hours had been
+driven back, i.e. westward, at least 11 miles.</p>
+
+<p>This same day the plenary council having been convened, it has
+been deemed advisable to appoint another skipper in the Aernem in
+the room of the deceased, to which place has been appointed a
+young man, named <b>Willem Joosten van Colster</b> [*] second
+mate in the Pera, as being very fit for the post, while at the
+same time the second mate <b>Jan Jansz</b> has been named first
+mate in the said yacht.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Or <b>Van Coolsteerdt</b>, as the Summary (see
+<i>infra</i>) has at this date.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>(Mountains covered with snow.) &lt;&gt;In the morning of the
+16th we took the sun's altitude at sunrise, which we found to be
+5&deg; 6'; the preceding evening ditto 20&deg; 30'; the
+difference being divided by two Comes to 7&deg; 42'. increasing
+North-easterly variation; the wind N. by E.; we were at about
+1&frac12; mile's distance from the low-lying land in 5 or 6
+fathom, clayey bottom; at a distance of about 10 miles by
+estimation into the interior, we saw a very high mountain-range
+in many places white with snow, which we thought a very singular
+sight, being so near the line equinoctial. Towards the evening we
+held our course E. by S. along half-submerged land in 5, 4, 3 and
+2 fathom, at which last point we dropped anchor; we lay there for
+five hours, during which time we found the water to have risen 4
+or 5 feet; in the first watch, the wind being N.E., we ran into
+deeper water, and came to anchor in 10 fathom, where we remained
+for the night.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 17th the wind was N.E. with a faint
+breeze with which we set sail, course held S.E.; at noon we were
+in Lat. 5&deg; 24', and by estimation 5 miles more to eastward
+than on the 15th last, seeing that a very strong current had
+driven us fully 11 miles to westward; in the evening we found
+ourselves at 3 miles' distance from the land, and dropped anchor
+in 15 fathom, having in the course of the day sailed three miles
+E. by S. and E.S.E.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 18th the wind was N.E. with a strong
+breeze and a strong current setting to the west; in the afternoon
+the wind went round to the S.W., so that we meant to set sail
+with it, but as it fell a dead calm we had to remain at
+anchor.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 19th the wind was N.E. by N., so that we
+made sail, keeping an E.S.E. course along the coast, with a
+strong current setting westward; at noon we were in Lat. 5&deg;
+27'; it then fell calm and we had continual counter-currents, so
+that we cast anchor in 14 fathom, having sailed 2&frac12; miles;
+the land bearing from us E.S.E., slightly South; towards the
+evening the wind went round to S.S.W., so that we set sail again
+and ran on S.E. 1 mile; when it became dark we cast anchor in 6
+fathom.</p>
+
+<p>At noon on the 20th the wind was S. and shortly after S.W.,
+with which we set sail, keeping our course E. by S. and S.O.
+along the land in 6 fathom; in the evening we cast anchor at
+about 3 miles' distance from the land, having sailed 5 miles this
+day.</p>
+
+<p>{Page 26}</p>
+
+<p>On the 21st the wind was N.E. by N. with a weak breeze and the
+current running south straight from the land, which is no doubt
+owing to the outflow of the rivers which take their source in the
+high mountains of the interior. The eastern part of the high
+land, which we could see, bore from us N.E. and N.E. by N; in the
+morning we set sail with a N.W. wind and fair weather course held
+S.E. by E. and S.E. for three miles, and then S.S.E. for five
+miles; in the evening we dropped anchor in 7 fathom about 3 miles
+from the land, the wind blowing hard from the west with violent
+rains.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 22nd the wind was N., a strong gale with
+rain and a strong current setting westward, so that we were
+compelled to remain at anchor; towards the evening the wind went
+round to W.S.W., with dirty weather, so that we got adrift by our
+anchor getting loose, upon which we dropped our large anchor to
+avoid stranding; in the afternoon the storm subsided and we had
+variable winds.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 23rd we set sail, course held S.E. with
+a S.W. wind and violent rains; when we had run a mile, the heavy
+swells forced us to drop anchor; in the afternoon we lifted
+anchor with great difficulty and peril owing to the violent
+rolling of the yacht, and set sail, but shortly after, the yacht
+Aernem making a sign with her flag that she could not manage to
+heave her anchor, we cast anchor again.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 24th the weather was unruly, with a W.
+wind and a very hollow sea; in the afternoon the weather getting
+slightly better, both the yachts set sail again with the wind as
+before, holding a S. by E. course; in the evening we dropped
+anchor in 14 fathom, having sailed 4 miles S.S.E., and found the
+land to extend E.S.E. ever since the 20th instant.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 25th we set sail with a N.N.W. wind,
+sailing 4 miles on an E.S.E. course, and then 5 miles on a S. by
+E. and S.S.E. course, after which the foretop-mast of the Aernem
+broke, so that we were both compelled to drop anchor in 10 fathom
+about 4 miles from the land.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 26th we set sail to get near the Aernem
+and speak to her crew, who were engaged in repairing the rigging
+and replacing the foremast; we both drifted with the current in
+the teeth of the wind, and thus ran 3 miles, when the Aernem cast
+anchor 1&frac12; mile from us on the weather-side; in the evening
+there was a strong current from the W.S.W. with rain, which
+lasted the whole night.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p class="center">NOTE.</p>
+
+<p>(Here end the mountains of the western extremity of Nova
+Guinea.)</p>
+
+<p>The high-lying interior of Ceram ends here, without showing
+any opening or passage (through which we might run north
+according to our plan), and passes into low-lying half-submerged
+land, bearing E.S.E. and S.E. by E., extending in all likelihood
+as far as Nova Guinea, a point which with God's help we mean to
+make sure of at any cost; on coming from Aru to the island of
+Ceram, the latter is found to have a low-lying foreland dangerous
+to touch at, since at 6, 8 and 9 miles' distance from the same,
+the lofty mountains of the interior become visible, the low
+foreland remaining invisible until one has got within 3 or 4
+miles from the land; the high mountains are seen to extend fully
+thirty miles to eastward, when you are north of Aru; as seen from
+afar, the land seems to have numerous pleasant valleys and
+running fresh-water rivers; here and there it is overgrown with
+brushwood and in other places covered with high trees; but we are
+unable to give any information as to what fruits, metals and
+animals it contains, and as to the manner of its cultivation
+since the natives whom {Page 27} we found to be savages
+and man-eaters, refused to hold parley with us, and fell upon our
+men who suffered grievous damage; after the report, however, of
+some of the men of the yacht Aernem, who being wounded on the
+11th aforementioned, succeeded in making their escape, the
+natives are tall black men with curly heads of hair and two large
+holes through their noses, stark naked, not covering even their
+privities; their arms are arrows, bows, assagays, callaways and
+the like. They have no vessels either large or small, nor has the
+coast any capes or bights that might afford shelter from west-
+and south-winds, the whole shore being clear and unencumbered,
+with a clayey bottom, forming a good anchoring-ground, the sea
+being not above 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 fathom in depth at 1,2
+and more miles' distance from the land, the rise and fall of the
+water with the tides we found to be between 1&frac12; and 2
+fathom.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>In the morning of the 27th the wind was W.N.W. with dirty
+weather and a very high sea, so that the Aernem was unable so
+heave her anchor in order to get near us, on which account we
+both of us remained at anchor the whole day; towards the evening
+the weather became much worse with pouring rains, so that we
+dropped another anchor; in the day-watch the cable of our large
+anchor broke without our perceiving it, and the other anchor
+getting loose, we drifted slowly to eastward; the land here
+extended E.S.E. and W.S.W.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 28th the Aernem was no longer in sight,
+so that we resolved to set sail in order to seek her; holding our
+course S.W., we ran on for three miles, after which we saw on our
+lee land bearing S.W. which we would not sail clear of; we
+therefore dropped anchor in 9 fathom, the weather still
+continuing dirty with rain and wind, and a strong ebb from the
+E.S.E. running flat against the wind; the water rising and
+falling fully two fathom at every tide.</p>
+
+<p class="center">MARCH.</p>
+
+<p>On the first the wind was W. by N. with rain: we find that in
+these latitudes the southern and northern moon makes high water;
+at noon we weighed anchor and drifted with the current, which set
+strongly to westward.</p>
+
+<p>On the second the wind was west with fair weather, with which
+we found it impossible to weather the land; in the evening we
+were in Lat. 6&deg; 45'.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the third the wind was W., with a strong
+gale and rain; at noon we had fair weather so that myself and the
+council determined to set sail on a Northern course in order to
+seek the yacht Aernem; when we had run on the said course for the
+space of 5 glasses, we saw the said yacht N.W. of us, but since
+the current ran very strong in our teeth, we dropped anchor in 10
+fathom.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 4th the wind was north, with which we
+set sail in order to get near the Aernem; but when we had sailed
+for an hour, the headwind and counter-current forced us to drop
+anchor.</p>
+
+<p>The yacht aforesaid, which was lying above the wind and the
+current, now weighed her anchor and dropped the same near the
+Pera, after which the skipper of the Aernern came on board of us
+in the pinnace, and informed me that they had very nearly lost
+the yacht in the storm before mentioned, since all the seas they
+had shipped had found their way into the hold, which got so full
+of water that the greater part of their rice, powder and matches
+had become wet through; this same day I sent the skipper and the
+steersman of the Pera on board the yacht Aernem in order to
+inquire into her condition, and ascertain whether she was so weak
+and disabled as had been reported to me; since the persons
+committed reported that the yacht was very weak and disabled
+above the waterline, it has been resolved that the main-topmast,
+which they had already taken down by way of precaution, should
+not be put up again provisionally.</p>
+
+<p><a name="page28"></a>{Page 28}</p>
+
+<p>The same day we set sail again with the wind as before, course
+held S.W., and after running on for two miles, we cast anchor
+again in 11 fathom.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 5th we set sail again, with a W. wind;
+course held S.S.W. when we had run on for two miles we got change
+of weather with variable winds, in the evening we came to anchor
+in 13 fathom...</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>On the 6th we set sail again before daybreak, the wind being
+West; course held S.S.W., sailed three miles; about noon, the
+wind blowing straight for the coast, we cast anchor in 5&frac12;
+fathom at a mile's distance from the coast, and, in conformity
+with the resolution, fetched a light anchor from the yacht
+Aernem.</p>
+
+<p>(<b>Keerweer</b>, formerly mistaken for island.)</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 7th we set sail again, the wind being
+N.E., course held W., in order to get a little farther off the
+land; when we had run a mile, we dropped anchor in 5&frac12;
+fathom, and I went ashore myself with two well-manned and armed
+pinnaces, because on the 6th aforesaid we had seen 4 or 5 canoes
+making from the land for the yachts; when we got near the land we
+saw a small canoe with three blacks; when we rowed towards them,
+they went back to the land and put one of the three ashore, as we
+supposed, in order to give warning for the natives there to come
+in great numbers and seize and capture our pinnaces; for as soon
+as we made towards them, they tried to draw us on, slowly
+paddling on towards the land; at last the "jurebass"(?) swam to
+them, with some strings of beads, but they refused to admit him;
+so we made signs and called out to them, but they paid little or
+no attention, upon which we began to pull back to the yacht
+without having effected anything; the blacks or savages seeing
+this, slowly followed us, and when we showed them beads and iron
+objects, they cautiously came near one of our pinnaces; one of
+the sailors in the pinnace inadvertently touching the canoe with
+one of his oars, the blacks forthwith began to attack our men,
+and threw several callaways into the pinnace, without, however,
+doing any damage owing to the caution used by the men in her; in
+order to frighten them the corporal fired a musket, which hit
+them both, so that they died on the spot; we then rowed back to
+the yachts. To the place on the coast where the aforesaid
+incident took place, we have given the name of <b>Keerweer</b> (=
+Turn again) in the new chart, seeing that the land here trends to
+S.W. and West; its latitude being 7&deg;.</p>
+
+<p>On the 8th we had a strong gale from the S.S.W. the whole day,
+with rain and unsteady weather, so that we thought it best to
+remain at anchor.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 9th the weather was fair, and the wind
+west, so that we set sail on a N.N.W. course; when we had run one
+mile we saw two groups of canoes putting off from shore and
+making for us, one consisting of 7, and the other of 8 small
+canoes; as we were lying close to the wind and could not weather
+the land with it, we came to anchor in 3 fathom; one of the
+canoes aforesaid came so near us, that we could call out to her,
+but the second group aforesaid kept quiet, upon which the canoe
+which had been near us, paddled towards this second group; from
+their various gestures we saw and understood sufficiently that
+their intentions had from the first been anything but peaceable,
+but God's Providence prevented them from carrying their wicked
+plans into effect; in the evening we set sail again with the
+current, the wind being west and our course held N.N.W. in the
+first watch we turned our course S.W. and S.W. by W., on which we
+sailed the whole night, until about daybreak we found the water
+shallowing and dropped anchor in 2&frac12; fathom, having sailed
+5 miles.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* <i>Scil.</i> by the men of the ship <b>Duifken</b>
+(see the extract below).--Princess Marianne Strait and Prince
+Frederik Hendrik island. (There is no reference in the text for
+this footnote--Ed.)]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>{Page 29}</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 10th we set sail again, the wind being
+W.N.W., on a S.W. course; at noon we were in Lat. 7&deg; 35'; in
+the evening we came to anchor in 3 fathom muddy bottom, at about
+1&frac12; mile's distance from the land.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p class="center">NOTE</p>
+
+<p>That it is impossible to land here with boats or pinnaces,
+owing to the clayey and muddy bottom into which a man will sink
+up to the waist, the depth of the water being no more than 3 or 4
+fathom at 3 or 4 miles' distance from the land; the land is
+low-lying and half-submerged, being quite under water at high
+tide; it is covered with wild trees, those on the beach
+resembling the fir-trees of our country, and seemingly bearing no
+fruit; the natives are coal-black like the Caffres; they go about
+stark naked, carrying their privities in a small conch-shell,
+tied to the body with a bit of string; they have two holes in the
+midst of the nose, with fangs of hogs of swordfishes through
+them, protruding at least three fingers' breadths on either side,
+so that in appearance they are more like monsters than human
+beings; they seem to be evil-natured and malignant; their canoes
+are small and will not hold above 3 of 4 of them at most; they
+are made out of one piece of wood, and the natives stand up in
+them, paddling them on by means of long oars; their arms are
+arrows, bows, assagays and callaways, which they use with great
+dexterity and skill; broken iron, parangs and knives are in
+special demand with them. The lands which we have up to now
+skirted and touched at, not only are barren and inhabited by
+savages, but also the sea in these parts yields no other fish
+than sharks, sword-fishes and the like unnatural monsters, while
+the birds too are as as wild and shy as the men.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>In the morning of the 11th, the wind being W.N.W. and the
+weather fair, we set sail on a S.S.W. course along the coast in
+4, 3&frac12; and 2&frac12; fathom muddy bottom; towards the
+evening we saw no more land ahead of us, the farthest extremity
+falling off quite to eastward, and extending east by south; we
+accordingly ran S.S.E., but it was not long before we got into 2
+fathom water and even less. We therefore went over to the north,
+and in the evening dropped anchor in' fathom, having this day
+sailed eight miles to S.S.W.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 12th the wind blew from the N.W.; in the
+forenoon I rowed to the land myself with the two pinnaces
+well-manned and armed, in order to see if there was anything
+worth note there; but when we had got within a musket-shot of the
+land, the water became so shallow that we could not get any
+farther, whereupon we all of us went through the mud up to our
+waists, and with extreme difficulty reached the beach, where we
+saw a number of fresh human foot-prints; on going a short
+distance into the wood, we also saw twenty or more small huts
+made of dry grass, the said huts being so small and cramped that
+a man could hardly get into them on all fours, from which we
+could sufficiently conclude that the natives here must be of
+small stature, poor and wretched; we afterwards tried to
+penetrate somewhat {Page 30} farther into the wood, in
+order to ascertain the nature and situation of the country, when
+on our coming upon a piece of brushwood, a number of blacks
+sprang out of it, and began to let fly their arrows at us with
+great fury and loud shouts, by which a carpenter was wounded in
+the belly and an assistant in the leg: we were all of us hard
+pressed, upon which we fired three or four muskets at them
+killing one of the blacks stone-dead, which utterly took away
+their courage; they dragged the dead man into the wood, and we,
+being so far from the pinnaces and having a very difficult path
+to go in order to get back to them, resolved to return and row
+back to the yachts.</p>
+
+<p>(The <b>Valsch Caep</b> is 8 degrees 15 minutes south of the
+equator and 70 miles S.E. of Aru.)</p>
+
+<p>The The same day at low tide we saw a large sandbank, S.E.,
+S., and S.W. of us, where we had been with the yacht on the 11th
+last, the said sandbank extending fully 4 miles W., S.W. and W.
+by S. of the land or foreland; on which account we have in the
+new chart given to the same the name of <b>de Valsch Caep</b>
+[*]; it is in Lat. 8&deg; 15' South, and about 70 miles east of
+Aru.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* The South-west point of Prince Frederik Hendrik
+island.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<hr />
+<p class="center">NOTE</p>
+
+<p>That the land which we have touched at as above mentioned, is
+low-lying and half-submerged to northward, so that a large part
+of it is under water at high tide; to the south it is somewhat
+higher and inhabited by certain natives who have built huts
+there; so far as we could ascertain the land is barren, covered
+with tall wild trees; the natives quite black and naked without
+any covering to hide their privy parts; their hair curly in the
+manner of the Papues: they wear certain fish-bones through the
+nose, and through their ears pieces of tree-bark, a span in
+length, so that they look more like monsters than like human
+beings: their weapons are arrows and bows which they use with
+great skill.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>On the 13th the wind was N., the weather fair, and the current
+stronger to west than to northward; we set sail in the forenoon,
+holding our course W.N.W. in order to get into deeper water; when
+we had run some distance, we got into eight feet of water; upon
+which we turned back and towards evening came to anchor in 2
+fathom.</p>
+
+<p>On the 14th the weather was fair, the wind N. by W., the
+current running strongly to S.W., as before; at noon we sent out
+the two pinnaces to take soundings; they rowed as far as 2 miles
+W.N.W. of the yachts, and nowhere found more than 1&frac12; and 2
+fathom of water; the same day, seeing that the weather is now
+getting more constant every day, it was resolved to put up again
+the main-topmast in the yacht Aernem, which had been taken down
+before on account of bad weather.</p>
+
+<p>On the 15th the wind was N.N.E. with good weather and the
+current as strong as before; we set sail at noon with the tide
+running from the N.W., hoping to get into deeper water, but
+having been tacking about till the evening, we were by
+counter-currents forced to come to anchor in three fathom.</p>
+
+<p>On the 16th the weather was good, the wind being N.E. by N.;
+we set sail in the forenoon; in the course of the day we had a
+calm; towards the evening the wind went round to W.S.W., course
+held N.N.W. along the shallows in 2&frac12; and 2 fathom; in the
+evening we came to anchor in 3 fathom; we find that in these
+parts the currents set very strongly to south-west, as before
+mentioned, and that the water rises and falls fully 1&frac12; and
+2 fathom at each tide.</p>
+
+<p>{Page 31}</p>
+
+<p>On the 17th the wind was East; we set sail, holding a W.N.W.
+and W. by N. course, and thus got into deeper water upwards of 5
+fathom; at noon we were in Lat. 8&deg; 4'; in the evening we cast
+anchor in 6 fathom, having sailed 4 miles W.S.W.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 18th the weather was good with a W.
+wind; in the afternoon we set sail with the rising tide running
+from the west; course held S.W. by S. in 6 fathom. when we got
+into deeper water than 7 and 8 fathom, we altered our course to
+S.E. by E. and E.S.E. in 10, 12, 14, 18, 20, 26 and 28 fathom;
+towards evening we went on an Eastward course, having sailed
+5&frac12; miles on the aforesaid course from the morning to the
+evening, and 9 miles to eastward from the evening till the
+morning.</p>
+
+<p>On the 19th the wind was W., course held E., with the
+<b>Valsch Caep</b> N.N.E. of us at 5 miles' distance, the land
+extending N. by W.; the water being 24 fathom here, we went over
+to E.N.E. and sailed 4 miles, when we got into 6 fathom, where we
+cast anchor about 4 miles from the land.</p>
+
+<p>On the 20th the wind was N.N.E., with good weather; we set
+sail, holding our course as before in 6 fathom. at night we
+dropped anchor in 5&frac12; fathom, having sailed 7&frac12; miles
+this day.</p>
+
+<p>On the 21st we set sail again in the morning with a N.N.W.
+wind, keeping a N.E. course for 4 miles in 4 fathom; in the
+afternoon we went over to eastward sailing 8 miles; in the
+evening we came to anchor in 7 fathom, near an island situated a
+mile or upwards South and North of the mainland; a quarter of a
+mile N. by E. and S. by W. of the island there is a rock with two
+dry trees on it.</p>
+
+<p>On the 22nd, the council having been convened, it has finally
+been resolved to land with two pinnaces properly manned and
+armed, seeing that the coast is covered with cocoa-inut trees
+here, and the land seems to be higher, better and more fertile
+than any we have seen before; and since we could not get ashore
+on account of the shallowness of the water, the muddy bottom and
+other inconveniencies, we rowed to the small island
+aforementioned; while we were making inspection of it, the yacht
+Aernem got adrift owing to the violent current and the strong
+gale, and ran foul of the bows of the Pera, causing grievous
+damage to both the ships; this accident detained our yachts for
+some days, and without God's special providence they would both
+them have run aground.</p>
+
+<p>On the 23rd, the weather being good, and the council having
+once more been convened, I proposed to try every possible means
+to get the Aernem into sailing trim again, in the first place by
+constructing another rudder. This we found impossible since there
+were no new square rudders in either of the yachts; we were
+accordingly compelled to try some makeshift, and in order to be
+able to continue our voyage and avoid abandoning the yacht, it
+was finally resolved that with the available materials there
+should be constructed a rudder after the manner of the Chinese
+and Javanese; for this purpose the Pera will have to give up her
+main-top mast, the rest of the required wood to be cut on the
+land, and we shall tarry here until the rudder has been
+replaced.</p>
+
+<p>On the 24th while our men were engaged on the rudder, the
+subcargo rowed to the small island aforesaid with the two
+pinnaces, in order to get fresh water for the Aernem, which was
+very poorly supplied with the same, and in the evening he
+returned on board again with four casks of water, which he had
+got filled with extreme difficulty.</p>
+
+<p>{Page 32}</p>
+
+<p>On the 25th, the yacht Aernem being in sailing trim again, for
+which God be thanked, we set sail again with good weather and a
+favourable wind, holding our course along the land in 5&frac12;,
+6, and 6&frac12; fathom; in the evening we cast anchor in
+2&frac12; fathom about 2 miles from the land, having sailed 10
+miles this day.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p class="center">NOTE</p>
+
+<p>(The <b>Vleermuys-Eylandt</b> is in 8 degrees 8 minutes Lat.,
+40 miles east of the <b>Valsch Caep</b>.)</p>
+
+<p>That the island aforesaid is in 8&deg; 8' Southern Latitude,
+about a mile south and north of the mainland as before mentioned;
+it is pretty high, having a great number of wild trees on the
+east-side, and being quite bare on the west-side. It is about a
+quarter of a mile in circumference, and is surrounded by numerous
+cliffs and rocks, overgrown with oysters and mussels, the soil is
+excellent and fit to be planted and sown with everything; by
+estimation it bears a hundred full-grown cocoanut-trees and a
+great many younger ones; we also observed some banana- and
+oubi-trees; we besides found fresh water here, which comes
+trickling through the clay in small rills, and has to be gathered
+in pits dug for the purpose; the island also contains large
+numbers of bats living in the trees, on which account we have
+given to it the name of <b>Vleermuys-Eylant</b> [Bats' Island] in
+the new chart. We have seen no huts or human beings in it, but
+found unmistakable signs that there had been men here at some
+previous time.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+(<b>Clappes Cust</b> [Cocoanut Coast].)
+</p>
+
+<p>
+On the 26th the weather was good, the wind N.N.W., course held S.E. by E. along
+the land in 5 fathom. In the forenoon 4 small canoes put off from the land and
+followed us; we waited for them to come alongside, and found they were manned
+with 25 blacks, who had nothing with them except their arms; they called out
+and made signs for us to come ashore; we then threw out to them some small
+pieces of iron and strings of beads, at which they showed great satisfaction;
+they paid little or no attention to the gold, silver, copper, nutmegs and
+cloves which we showed them, though they were quite ready to accept these
+articles as presents. Their canoes are very skilfully made out of one piece of
+wood, some of them being so large that they will hold 20 and even more blacks.
+Their paddles are long, and they use them standing or sitting; the men are
+black, tall and well-built, with coarse and strong limbs, and curly hair, like
+the Caffres, some of them wearing it tied to the neck in a knot, and others
+letting it fall loose down to the waist. They have hardly any beards; some of
+them have two, others three holes through the nose, in which they wear fangs or
+teeth of hogs or sword-fishes. They are stark-naked and have their privities
+enclosed in a conch shell, fastened to the waist with a bit of string; they
+wear no rings of gold, silver, copper, tin, or iron on their persons, but adorn
+themselves with rings made of tortoise shell or terturago (<i>Spanish</i>
+tortuga?), from which it may be inferred that their land yields no metals or
+wood of any value, but is all low-lying and half-submerged, as we have actually
+found it to be; there were also among them some not provided with paddles, but
+wearing two strings of human teeth round their necks, and excelling all the
+others in ugliness; these men carried on the left arm a hammer with a wooden
+handle and at one end a black conch-shell, the size of a man's fist, the other
+end by which they hold it, being fitted with a three-sided bone, not unlike a
+piece of stag's horn; in exchange for one of these hammers they were offered a
+rug, some strings of <a name="page33"></a>{Page 33} beads and bits of iron,
+which they refused, though they were willing to barter the same for one of the
+boys, whom they seemed to have a great mind to. Those who carry the hammers
+aforesaid would seem to be noblemen or valiant soldiers among them. The people
+are cunning and suspicious, and no stratagems on our part availed to draw them
+near enough to us to enable us to catch one or two with nooses which we had
+prepared for the purpose; their canoes also contained a number of human
+thigh-bones, which they repeatedly held up to us, but we were unable to make
+out what they meant by this. Finally they asked for a rope to tow the yacht to
+shore, but soon got tired of the work, and paddled back to the land in a great
+hurry.
+</p>
+
+<p>In the evening we cast anchor in three fathom about 3 miles
+from the land, having sailed 13 miles this day.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 27th the wind was W.N.W. with a stiff
+breeze, course held S.E. by S. and S.E., on which we sailed 7
+miles, and afterwards E.S.E. 5 miles, in 5&frac12;, 5 and 3
+fathom; in the evening we came to anchor in 6&frac12; fathom,
+3&frac12; miles from the land; a quarter of a mile farther to
+landward we saw a sandbank, on which the Aernem struck but got
+off again, for which God be praised.</p>
+
+<p>On the 28th we set sail again, with a N.W. wind, on an eastern
+course towards the land, in various depths, such as 7, 9, 12, 4
+and 5&frac12; fathom; at noon we were in 9&deg; 6' S. Lat.,
+having sailed 5 miles; from noon till the evening we ran on an E.
+by S. course a distance Of 4 miles in 18, 12, 9, 7, 5 and 2
+fathom, after which we cast anchor, and sent out the pinnace to
+take soundings; the water being found to become deeper nearer the
+coast, we again weighed anchor and sailed to the land, casting
+anchor finally in 4 fathom three miles from the coast.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 29th the wind was N.N.E. with fine
+weather; in the forenoon it was deemed advisable to send off the
+boat of the Pera with thirteen men and the steersman of the
+Aernem and victualled for four days, in order to take soundings
+and skirt the land, which extended E.N.E., for a distance of 7 or
+8 miles.</p>
+
+<p>On the 30th the wind was N. with good weather, so that we also
+sent out the pinnace of the Aernem in order to take soundings in
+various directions 2 or 3 miles from the yachts; at low water we
+saw various sandbanks and reefs lying dry, to wit E.S.E., S.S.W.
+and W.; in the afternoon the pinnace of the Aernem returned on
+board, having found shallows everywhere at 2 miles' distance.
+Towards the evening the boat of the Pera also returned, when we
+heard from the steersman that they had been E. by S. and E.S.E.
+of the yachts, at about 8 miles' distance, where they had found
+very shallow water, no more than 7, 8, 9 and 10 feet, which
+extended a mile or more, and was succeeded by depths Of 2,
+2&frac12;, 3, 5 and 7 fathom; they had found the land to extend
+E. and E. by N., and to be very low-lying and muddy, and
+overgrown with low brushwood and wild trees.</p>
+
+<p>On the 31st the wind was N.N.E. with rain. In the afternoon I
+rowed with the two pinnaces to one of the reefs in order to
+examine the state of things between the yachts and the land,
+which space had fallen dry at low tide; in the afternoon the
+skipper of the Pera also got orders to row to the land with the
+boat duly manned and armed, in order to ascertain whether
+anything could be done for the service of our Masters, and to
+attempt to get a parley with the inhabitants and to get hold of
+one or two of them, if practicable; very late in the evening the
+boat returned on board, and we were informed by the skipper that,
+although it was high water, they could not come nearer than to a
+pistol-shot's distance from the land owing to the shallow water
+and the soft mud; they also reported the land to be low-lying and
+half-submerged, overgrown with brushwood and wild trees.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>{Page 34}</p>
+
+<p class="center">NOTE.</p>
+
+<p>(The <b>Drooge Bocht</b>, where we were compelled to leave the
+western extremity of Nova Guinea is in 9 degrees 20 minutes S.
+Lat.)</p>
+
+<p>After hearing the aforesaid reports touching the little depths
+sounded to eastward, we are sufficiently assured that it will
+prove impossible any longer to follow the coastline which we have
+so long skirted in an eastward direction, and that we shall, to
+our great regret, be compelled to return the same way we have
+come, seeing that we have been caught in the shallows as in a
+trap; for this purpose we shall have to tack about and take
+advantage of the ebb, and as soon as we get into deeper water, to
+run south to the sixteenth degree or even farther, if it shall be
+found advisable; then turn the ships' heads to the north along
+the coast of Nova Guinea, according to our previous resolution
+taken on the 6th of March last; as mentioned before, we were here
+in 9&deg; 6' S. Lat., about 125 miles east of Aru, and according
+to the chart we had with us and the estimation of the skippers
+and steersmen, no more than 2 miles from Nova Guinea, so that the
+space between us and Nova Guinea seems to be a bight to which on
+account of its shallows we have given the name of <b>drooge
+bocht</b> [*] [shallow bight] in the new chart; to the land which
+we had run along up to now, we have by resolution given the name
+of <b>'t Westeinde van Nova Guinea</b> (Western extremity of N.
+G.), seeing that we have in reality found the land to be an
+unbroken coast, which in the chart is marked as islands, such as
+Ceram and the Papues, owing to misunderstanding and untrustworthy
+information.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Entrance of Torres Strait.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center">APRIL.</p>
+
+<p>On the first the wind was W. by S. with good weather; we
+weighed anchor and drifted with the ebb running from the N.E.
+when we had run 1&frac12; mile with the tide to the S.W., we came
+to anchor again in 6 fathom.</p>
+
+<p>On the second, the wind being W. by N., we tried to tack about
+to the W. with the ebb-tide in 4, 5 and 6 fathom; we had variable
+winds the whole day; towards the evening we cast anchor in 4
+fathom three miles from the land, having this day progressed 4
+miles to the W. and W. by N.</p>
+
+<p>On the third we set sail again at daybreak, the wind being N.,
+course kept W.N.W. in 7, 2, and 2&frac12; fathom, the water in
+these parts being of greatly varying depths, so that we had to
+keep sounding continually; in the afternoon we dropped anchor in
+4 fathom, having drifted 2&frac12;, miles with the ebb-tide.</p>
+
+<p>On the 4th, the wind being N.E. by N., we set sail again with
+good weather: in the afternoon we ran on with the tide and cast
+anchor in 7 fathom, having lost sight of the land, and sailed 8
+miles W. and W. by N.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p class="center">NOTE.</p>
+
+<p>Here we managed with extreme difficulty and great peril to get
+again out of the shallows aforesaid, into which we had sailed as
+into a trap, between them and the land, for which happy
+deliverance God be praised; the shallows extend South and North,
+from 4 to 9 miles from the mainland, and are 10 miles in length
+from East to West.</p>
+
+<p>{Page 35}</p>
+
+<p>On the fifth we set sail again at daybreak, the wind being
+E.N.E., on courses varying between S.W. and S., by which we got
+into deeper water, between 14 and 26 fathom, and sailed 18 miles
+in the last 24 hours.</p>
+
+<p>On the sixth the wind was S.W. with rain, course held S.E.; at
+night we were in Lat. 9&deg; 45', having sailed 11 miles to the
+E.S.E. in the last 24 hours.</p>
+
+<p>On the 7th, the wind being S.S.E., we ran on an Eastern course
+in 15 or 16 fathom, and sailed 4 miles till the evening; at
+nightfall we went over to S.E., and cast anchor in 4 fathom, but
+as the yacht was veering round, we got into 2 fathom, having
+sailed three miles E.S.E. during the night.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 8th we clearly saw several stones lying
+on the sea-bottom, without perceiving any change in the water in
+which we had sounded 26 fathom; so that the land here, which we
+did not see, is highly dangerous to touch at, but through God's
+providence the yachts did not get aground here; at noon we set
+sail, being in 10&deg; 15' S. Lat., the wind being W. by S. and
+afterwards variable; we sailed S.S.W. till the next morning, in
+10 and 10&frac12; fathom, and covered 6 miles.</p>
+
+<p>On the 9th the wind was N. with rain, course held S.E.; at
+night the wind went round to S.E.; we therefore came to anchor in
+11 fathom, having sailed 5 miles this day.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 10th the wind was E.N.E., course held
+S.E. in 9, 10, and 11 fathom; at night the wind blew from the
+S.E., upon which we cast anchor, having sailed 5 miles this
+day.</p>
+
+<p>On the 11th the wind was E. by N. with a fair breeze, course
+kept S.S.E.; at noon we were in 11&deg; 30'; the whole of this
+day and night we tried to get south with variable winds and on
+different courses, and sailed 22 miles in the last 24 hours;
+course kept S.E.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 12th the wind was S.E. with good
+weather; at sunrise we saw the land of <b>Nova Guinea</b> [*],
+showing itself as a low-lying coast without hills or mountains;
+we were then in 13&frac12; fathom, clayey bottom; course held
+S.S.W.; at noon we were in Lat. 11&deg; 45' South, having sailed
+10 miles on a S.E. course in the last 24 hours.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* York Peninsula.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 13th the wind was S.E. by E. and we were
+in 24 fathom; we still saw the land aforementioned and found it
+to be of the same shape as before; course held S.W.; at noon we
+were in 12&deg; 53'; for the rest of day and night we tried to
+get south with the winds aforesaid and on varying courses, having
+sailed 22 miles in the last 24 hours; course kept S.W.</p>
+
+<p>On the 14th the wind was E. by S., course held S. by E. along
+the land in 11, 12, 13, and 14 fathom; at noon we were in Lat.
+13&deg; 47', the land being no longer in sight. The rest of the
+day and the whole night we tried to get the land alongside with
+divers winds and on varying courses in 7, 6, 6, 4, 3, and
+2&frac12; fathom; towards daybreak we were so near the land that
+one might have recognised persons on shore.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 15th the wind blew hard from the East;
+course held S. by E. in 3 and 2&frac12; fathom along a sandbank,
+situated about one mile from the mainland; at noon we were in
+14&deg; 36. The land which we have hitherto seen and followed,
+extends S. and N.; it is low-lying and without variety, having a
+fine sandy beach in various places. In the afternoon we dropped
+anchor owing to the calm, having sailed {Page 36} 11 miles
+South. Great volumes of smoke becoming visible on the land, the
+subcargo [*] got orders to land with the two pinnaces, duly
+manned and armed, and was specially enjoined to use his utmost
+endeavours for the advantage of Our Masters; when the pinnaces
+returned at nightfall, the subcargo reported that the pinnaces
+could get no farther than a stone's throw from the land, owing to
+the muddy bottom into which the men sunk to their waists, but
+that they had in various places seen blacks emerging from the
+wood, while others lay hid in the coppice; they therefore sent a
+man ashore with some pieces of iron and strings of beads tied to
+a stick, in order to attract the blacks; but as nothing could be
+effected and the night was coming on, they had been forced to
+return to the yachts.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* <b>Pieter Lintiens</b>. (Summary).]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 16th, being Easter-day, the wind was
+East; we set sail, holding our course S. by E.; at noon we were
+in 14&deg; 56'; in the evening we came to anchor in 5
+&frac12;fathom, having sailed 10&frac12; miles, course kept
+South.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 17th the wind was S. by W., with rain
+and the tide setting to the south; at noon the wind went round to
+East, so that we made sail, course held S. by W., along the land
+in 4&frac12; fathom; towards the evening, it fell a calm, so that
+we dropped anchor with the ebb, after which I went ashore myself
+with the two pinnaces duly provided with men and arms; we went a
+considerable distance into the interior, which we found to be a
+flat, fine country with few trees, and a good soil for planting
+and sowing, but so far as we could observe utterly destitute of
+fresh water. Nor did we see any human beings or even signs of
+them; near the strand the coast was sandy with a fine beach and
+plenty of excellent fish.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 18th the wind was E.N.E., course held S.
+by W. along the land; about noon, as we saw persons on the beach,
+we cast anchor in 3&frac12; fathom clayey bottom; the skipper of
+the Pera got orders to row to land with the two pinnaces, duly
+provided for defence; in the afternoon when the pinnaces
+returned, we were informed by the skipper that as soon as he had
+landed with his men, a large number of blacks, some of them armed
+and others unarmed, had made up to them; these blacks showed no
+fear and were so bold, as to touch the muskets of our men and to
+try to take the same off their shoulders, while they wanted to
+have whatever they could make use of; our men accordingly
+diverted their attention by showing them iron and beads, and
+espying vantage, seized one of the blacks by a string which he
+wore round his neck, and carried him off to the pinnace; the
+blacks who remained on the beach, set up dreadful howls and made
+violent gestures, but the others who kept concealed in the wood
+remained there. These natives are coal-black, with lean bodies
+and stark naked, having twisted baskets or nets round their
+heads; in hair and figure they are like the blacks of the
+Coromandel coast, but they seem to be less cunning, bold and
+evil-natured than the blacks at the western extremity of Nova
+Guinea; their weapons, of which we bring specimens along with us,
+are less deadly than those we have seen used by other blacks; the
+weapons in use with them are assagays, shields, clubs and sticks
+about half a fathom in length; as regards their customs and
+policy and the nature of the country, Your Worships will in time
+be able to get information from the black man we have got hold
+of, to whom I would beg leave to refer you...</p>
+
+<p>
+On the 19th, the wind being S.E., we remained at anchor, and since the yachts
+were very poorly provided with firewood, the skipper of the Pera went ashore
+with the two pinnaces duly manned and armed; when the men were engaged in
+cutting wood, <a name="page37"></a>{Page 37} a large number of blacks upwards
+of 200 came upon them, and tried every means to surprise and overcome them, so
+that our men were compelled to fire two shots, upon which the blacks fled, one
+of their number having been hit and having fallen; our men then proceeded
+somewhat farther up the country, where they found several weapons, of which
+they took some along with them by way of curiosities. During their march they
+observed in various places great quantities of divers human bones, from which
+it may be safely concluded that the blacks along the coast of Nova Guinea are
+man-eaters who do not spare each other when driven by hunger.
+</p>
+
+<p>On the 20th, the wind being S.E., we set sail on a S.S.W.
+course; at noon we came to anchor with the ebb-tide running from
+the South, in 3&frac12; fathom clayey bottom, and ordered the
+skipper to go ashore with the two pinnaces, duly provided for
+defence, and diligently inquire into the state of things on
+shore, so far as time and place should allow; when he returned in
+the evening, he informed us that the surf had prevented them from
+getting near the strand, so that there could be not question of
+landing.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 21st, the wind being S.E., we set sail;
+course held S.S.W. along the land; at noon we were in 15&deg;
+38'; in the evening we came to anchor with the ebb in 3&frac12;
+fathom.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 22nd the wind was E.N.E., course held
+South; at noon we were in 16&deg; 4'; the wind being W. by N. we
+dropped anchor towards the evening in 2&frac12; fathom, about one
+mile from the land.</p>
+
+<p>On the 23rd the wind was N.N.E., with a stiff breeze, so that
+we set sail on a S.S.W. course along the land in 3&frac12;, 3,
+2&frac12; and 2 fathom, clayey bottom; at noon we were in 16&deg;
+32'; for the rest of the day we tried to get south with variable
+winds, and towards the evening came to anchor in 3 fathom close
+inshore.</p>
+
+<p>On the 24th the wind was E. by S., course held S.S.W. along
+the land in 2&frac12;, 3&frac12; and 4&frac12; fathom, clayey
+bottom; at noon we were in <b>17&deg; 8'</b>. This same day the
+council having been convened, I submitted to them the question
+whether it would be advisable to run further south, and after
+various opinions had been expressed, it was agreed that this
+would involve divers difficulties, and that the idea had better
+be given up: we might get into a vast bay, and it is evident that
+in these regions in the east-monsoon north-winds prevail, just as
+north (?) of the equator south-winds prevail in the said monsoon:
+we should thus fall on a lee-shore; for all which reasons, and in
+order to act for the best advantage of the Lords Managers, it has
+been resolved and determined to turn back, and follow the coast
+of Nova Guinea so long to northward as shall be found
+practicable; to touch at divers places which shall be examined
+with the utmost care, and finally to turn our course from there
+to Aru and Quey...it was furthermore proposed by me and
+ultimately approved of by the council, to give 10 pieces of eight
+to the boatmen for every black they shall get hold of on shore,
+and carry off to the yachts, to the end that the men may use
+greater care and diligence in this matter, and Our Masters may
+reap benefit from the capture of the blacks, which may afterwards
+redound to certain advantage.</p>
+
+<p>On the 25th the skipper of the Pera got orders to go ashore
+with the two pinnaces well-manned and armed, in order to make
+special search for fresh water, with which we are very poorly
+provided by this time; about noon the skipper having returned,
+informed us that he had caused pits to be dug in various places
+on the coast, but had found no fresh water. <i>Item</i> that on
+the strand they had seen 7 small huts made of dry hay, and also 7
+or 8 blacks, who refused to hold parley with them. In the
+afternoon I went up a salt river for the space of about half a
+mile with the two pinnaces; {Page 38} we then marched a
+considerable distance into the interior, which we found to be
+submerged in many places, thus somewhat resembling Waterland in
+Holland, from which it may be concluded that there must be large
+lakes farther inland; we also saw divers footprints of men and of
+large dogs, running from the south to the north; and since by
+resolution it has been determined to begin the return-voyage at
+this point, we have, in default of stone caused a wooden tablet
+to be nailed to a tree, the said tablet having the following
+words carved into it: "Anno 1623 den 24n April sijn hier aen
+gecomen twee jachten wegen de Hooge Mogende Heeren Staten
+Genl."</p>
+
+<p>[<b>A.D. 1623, on the 24th of April there arrived here two
+yachts dispatched by their High Mightinesses the
+States-General</b>]. We have accordingly named the river
+aforesaid Staten revier in the new chart. (The <b>Staten
+Revier</b> is in 17 degrees 8 minutes.)</p>
+
+<p>On the 26th, seeing that there was no fresh water here, of
+which we stood in great need, that we could hold no parley with
+the natives, and that nothing of importance could be effected, we
+set sail again, the wind being E.N.E., with a stiff breeze,
+course held N. along the land; at noon we were in Lat. 16&deg;
+44'; at night we came to anchor in 4 fathom close inshore.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p class="center">NOTE</p>
+
+<p>That the yacht <b>Aernem</b>, owing to bad sailing, and to the
+small liking and desire which the skipper and the steersman have
+shown towards the voyage, has on various occasions and at
+different times been the cause of serious delay, seeing that the
+Pera (which had sprung a bad leak and had to be kept above water
+by more than 8000 strokes of the pump every 24 hours) was every
+day obliged to seek and follow the Aernem for one, two or even
+more miles to leeward.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>(The yacht <b>Aernem</b> left the <b>Pera</b>.)</p>
+
+<p>On the 27th, the wind being E. by S. with good weather, the
+skipper of the Pera rowed ashore with the two pinnaces duly
+provided for defence, in order to seek fresh water, but when he
+had caused several pits to be dug, no water was found; we
+therefore set sail forthwith, holding a S.E. by E. course along
+the land; at noon we were in Lat. 16&deg; 30', and with a W. by
+N. wind made for the land, sailing with our foresail only fully
+two hours before sunset, in order to wait for the Aernem which
+was a howitzer's shot astern of us; in the evening, having come
+to anchor in 3&frac12; fathom 1&frac12; mile from the land, we
+hung out a lantern, that the Aernem might keep clear of us in
+dropping anchor, but this proved to be useless, for on purpose
+and with malice prepense she away from us against her
+instructions and our resolution, and seems to have set her course
+for Aru (to have a good time of it there), but we shall learn in
+time whether she has managed to reach it.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 28th the wind was E. by S. and the
+weather very fine; the skipper once more went ashore with the
+pinnace in order to seek water, but when several pits had been
+dug in the sand, they found none; we therefore set sail again on
+a N.E. by N. course along the land in 2, 3, 4 and 5 fathom, but
+when we had run a distance Of 2&frac12; Miles, a violent landwind
+drove us off the land, so that we had to drop anchor in 3 fathom,
+the blacks on shore sending up such huge clouds of smoke from
+their fires that the land was hardly visible; at night in the
+first watch we set sail again and after running N.N.E. for
+3&frac12; miles, we came to anchor in 2 fathom.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 29th the wind was S.E., with good
+weather; course held N.E. by E. along the land in 2&frac12; and 3
+fathom; when we had run 1&frac12; mile we came {Page 39}
+to anchor in 2 fathom, and landed here as before in order to seek
+freshwater; we had some pits dug a long way from the strand, but
+found no fresh water; the blacks showed themselves from afar, but
+refused to come to parley, nor did we succeed in luring any
+towards us by stratagem; at noon we were in 16&deg; 10' near a
+river which in the chart is marked <b>Nassauw revier</b>: when we
+saw that we could do nothing profitable here, we set sail with an
+E. wind on a N.N.E. course along the land, and came to anchor in
+the evening in 2&frac12; fathom. (The <b>Nassauw revier</b> is in
+16 degrees 10 minutes Lat.)</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 30th the wind was S.E. with steady
+weather; course held N.N.E. along the land in 3 fathom; at noon
+we were in 15&deg; 39', and came to anchor in 2&frac12; fathom;
+we landed also here as before with the pinnace in order to look
+for water, and to see if we could meet with any natives; after
+digging a number of pits we found no water, so that we set sail
+again and came to anchor in the evening in 2&frac12; fathom.</p>
+
+<p class="center">MAY.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 1st the wind was E.; the skipper once
+more rowed ashore with the pinnace, and having caused three pits
+to be dug he at last found fresh water forcing its way through
+the sand; we used our best endeavours to take in a stock of the
+same; about 400 paces north of the farthest of the pits that had
+been dug, they also found a small fresh-water lake, but the water
+that collected in the pits was found to be a good deal
+better.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 2nd the wind was E.N.E., and went round
+to S.W. later in the day; we continued taking in water.</p>
+
+<p>On the 3rd we went on taking in water as before; the wind was
+N.E., and about noon turned to S.W.. I went ashore myself with 10
+musketeers, and we advanced a long way into the wood without
+seeing any human beings; the land here is low-lying and without
+hills as before, in Lat. 15&deg; 20' it is very dry and barren,
+for during all the time we have searched and examined this part
+of the coast to our best ability, we have not seen one
+fruit-bearing tree, nor anything that man could make use of;
+there are no mountains or even hills, so that it may be safely
+concluded that the land contains no metals, nor yields any
+precious woods, such as sandal-wood, aloes or columba; in our
+judgment this is the most arid and barren region that could be
+found anywhere on the earth; the inhabitants, too, are the most
+wretched and poorest creatures that I have ever seen in my age or
+time; as there are no large trees anywhere on this coast, they
+have no boats or canoes whether large or small; this is near the
+place which we touched at on the voyage out on Easter-day, April
+the 16th; in the new chart we gave given to this spot the name of
+<b>Waterplaets</b> [*]; at his place the beach is very fine, with
+excellent gravelly sand and plenty of delicious
+fish.(<b>Waterplaats</b> is in 15 degrees 13 minutes Lat.)</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Mitchell River.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+(<b>Vereenichde revier.</b>)
+</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 4th the wind was E.N.E. with good
+weather, course held N. in 7&frac12; fathom. we could just see
+the land; at noon we were in 15&deg; 12' Lat.; slightly to
+northward we saw a river to which we have given the name of
+<b>Vereenichde revier</b>: all through the night the wind was W.,
+course held N.N.E. towards the land.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 5th the wind was E., course held N.; at
+noon we were in 14&deg; 5' Lat.; shortly after the wind went over
+to W., upon which we made for the land {Page 40} and cast
+anchor in 2 fathom; I went ashore myself in the pinnace which was
+duly armed; the blacks here attacked us with their weapons, but
+afterwards took to flight; upon which we went landinward for some
+distance, and found divers of their weapons, such as assagays and
+callaways, leaning against the trees; we took care not to damage
+these weapons, but tied pieces of iron and strings of beads to
+some of them, in order to attract the blacks, who, however,
+seemed quite indifferent to these things, and repeatedly held up
+their shields with great boldness and threw them at the muskets;
+these men are, like all the others we have lately seen, of tall
+stature and very lean to look at, but malignant and
+evil-natured.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 6th, the wind being East, we set sail on
+a N. course along the land in 3 and 4 fathom; at noon when we
+were in 13&deg; 29' Lat., the wind was W.; in the evening it went
+round to East, upon which we dropped anchor in 3 fathom.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 7th the wind was S.E. with fine weather;
+the skipper went ashore with the pinnace, with strict orders to
+treat the blacks kindly, and try to attract them with pieces of
+iron and strings of beads; if practicable, also to capture one or
+more; when at noon the men returned they reported that on their
+landing more than 100 blacks had collected on the beach with
+their weapons, and had with the strong arm tried to prevent them
+from coming ashore; in order to frighten them, a musket was
+accordingly fired, upon which the blacks fled and retreated into
+the wood, from where they tried every means in their power to
+surprise and attack our men; these natives resemble the others in
+shape and figure; they are quite black and stark naked, some of
+them having their faces painted red and others white, with
+feathers stuck through the lower part of the nose; at noon, the
+wind being E., we set sail on a N. course along the land, being
+then in 13&deg; 26 Lat.; towards the evening the wind went round
+to W. and we dropped anchor in 3&frac12; fathom.</p>
+
+<p>(The <b>River Coen</b> is 13 degrees 7 minutes Lat.)</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 8th, the wind being E.S.E. with good
+weather, I went ashore myself with 10 musketeers; we saw numerous
+footprints of men and dogs (running from south to north); we
+accordingly spent some time there, following the footprints
+aforesaid to a river, where we gathered excellent vegetables or
+pot-herbs; when we had got into the pinnace again, the blacks
+emerged with their arms from the wood at two different points; by
+showing them bits of iron and strings of beads we kept them on
+the beach, until we had come near them, upon which one of them
+who had lost his weapon, was by the skipper seized round the
+waist, while at the same time the quartermaster put a noose round
+his neck, by which he was dragged to the pinnace; the other
+blacks seeing this, tried to rescue their captured brother by
+furiously assailing us with their assagays; in defending
+ourselves we shot one of them, after which the others took to
+flight, upon which we returned on board without further delay;
+these natives resemble all the others in outward appearance; they
+are coal-black and stark naked with twisted nets round their
+heads; their weapons are assagays, callaways and shields; we
+cannot, however, give any account of their customs and
+ceremonies, nor did we learn anything about the thickness of the
+population, since we had few or no opportunities for inquiring
+into these matters; meanwhile I hope that with God's help Your
+Worships will in time get information touching these points from
+the black we have captured, to whose utterances I would beg leave
+to refer you; the river aforesaid is in 13&deg; 7' Lat., and has
+in the new chart got name of <b>Coen river</b>, in the afternoon
+the wind being W., we set sail on a N. course along the land, and
+in the evening came to anchor in 3 fathom.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>{Page 41}</p>
+
+<p class="center">NOTE</p>
+
+<p>That in all places where we landed, we have treated the blacks
+or savages with especial kindness, offering them pieces of iron,
+strings of beads and pieces of cloth, hoping by so doing to get
+their friendship and be allowed to penetrate to some
+considerable distance landinward, that we might be able to give
+a full account and description of the same; but in spite of all
+our kindness and our fair semblance [*] the blacks received us as
+enemies everywhere, so that in most places our landings were
+attended with great peril; on this account, and for various other
+reasons afterwards to be mentioned, we have not been able to
+learn anything about the population of Nova Guinea, and the
+nature of its inhabitants and its soil; nor did we get any
+information touching its towns and villages, about the division
+of the land, the religion of the natives, their policy, wars,
+rivers, vessels, or fisheries; what commodities they have, what
+manufactures, what minerals whether gold, silver, tin, iron,
+lead, copper or quicksilver. In the first place, in making
+further landings we should have been troubled by the rainy
+season, which might have seriously interfered with the use of our
+muskets, whereas it does no harm to the weapons of the savages;
+secondly, we should first have been obliged to seek practicable
+paths or roads of which we knew nothing; thirdly, we might easily
+have been surrounded by the crowds of blacks, and been cut off
+from the boats, which would entail serious peril to the sailors
+with whom we always effected the landings, and who are
+imperfectly versed in the use of muskets; if on the contrary we
+had had well-drilled and experienced soldiers (the men best
+fitted to undertake such expeditions), we might have done a good
+deal of useful work; still, in spite of all these difficulties
+and obstacles, we have shunned neither hard work, trouble, nor
+peril, to make a thorough examination of everything with the
+means at our disposal, and to do whatever our good name and our
+honour demanded; the result of our investigation being as
+follows:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* A curiously subjective way of looking at
+things!]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p><b>The land between 13&deg; and 17&deg; 8'</b> is a barren and
+arid tract, without any fruit-trees, and producing nothing fit
+for the use of man; it is low-lying and flat without hills or
+mountains; in many places overgrown with brushwood and stunted
+wild trees; it has not much fresh water, and what little there
+is, has to be collected in pits dug for the purpose; there is an
+utter absence of bays or inlets, with the exception of a few
+bights not sheltered from the sea-wind; it extends mainly N. by
+E. and S. by W., with shallows all along the coast, with a clayey
+and sandy bottom; it has numerous salt rivers extending into the
+interior, across which the natives drag their wives and children
+by means of dry sticks or boughs of trees. The natives are in
+general utter barbarians, all resembling each other in shape and
+features, coal-black, and with twisted nets wound round their
+heads and necks for keeping their food in; so far as we could
+make out, they chiefly live on certain ill-smelling roots which
+they dig out of the earth. We infer that during the eastern
+monsoon they live mainly on the beach, since we have there seen
+numerous small huts made of dry grass; we also saw great numbers
+of dogs, herons and curlews, and other wild fowl, together with
+plenty of excellent fish, easily caught with a seine-net; they
+are utterly unacquainted with gold, silver, tin, iron, lead and
+copper, nor do they know anything about nutmegs, cloves and
+pepper, all of which spices we repeatedly showed them without
+their evincing any signs of <a name="page42"></a>{Page 42}
+recognising or valuing the same; from all which together with the
+rest of our observations it may safely be concluded that they are
+poor and abject wretches, caring mainly for bits of iron and
+strings of beads. Their weapons are shields, assagays, and
+callaways of the length of 1&frac12; fathom, made of light wood
+and cane, some with fish-bones and others with human bones
+fastened to their tops; they are very expert in throwing the said
+weapons by means of a piece of wood, half a fathom in length,
+with a small hook tied to it in front, which they place upon the
+top of the callaway or assagay.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>(The <b>Waterplaets</b> is in 12 degrees 33 minutes Lat.)</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 9th, the wind being E.S.E., with good
+weather, we set sail on a N.N.E. course along the land, and when
+we had run on for 2 miles, came to anchor in 9 fathom close
+inshore; I went ashore in person with ten musketeers, and found
+many footprints of men and of large dogs, going in a southerly
+direction., we also came upon fresh water flowing into the sea,
+and named the place <b>de Waeterplaets</b>. The land here is
+higher than what we have seen to southward, and there are
+numerous reefs close to the sandy beach; the place is in 12&deg;
+33'; in the afternoon the wind was S.W., course held as before;
+from the <b>Waterplaets</b> aforesaid to a high cape there is a
+large bay, extending N.E. by N. and S.W. by S. for 7 miles; in
+the evening we dropped anchor in 4&frac12; fathom.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 10th the wind being E.S.E., with steady
+weather, we set sail on a W.N.W. course; at noon we were in
+12&deg; 5'. I went ashore myself with the skipper, and as before
+found many footprints of men and dogs, going to the south. The
+land here is high and hilly, with reefs near the sandy beach; as
+we were pulling back to the yacht, some armed savages showed
+themselves, upon which we landed again and threw out some pieces
+of iron to them, which they picked up, refusing, however, to come
+to parley with us; after which we took to the pinnace again.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 11th, the wind being E.S.E. with good
+weather, we set sail again on a N.N.E. course along the land; in
+the afternoon we sailed past a large river (which the men of the
+Duifken went up with a boat in 1606, and where one of them was
+killed by the arrows of the blacks); to this river, which is in
+11&deg; 48' Lat., we have given the name of <b>revier de
+Carpentier</b> in the new chart.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* <b>Rivier Batavia</b> in DE LEEUW'S
+chart.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 12th the wind was E.S.E., with pleasant
+weather; I went ashore myself with the skipper, and found upwards
+of 200 savages standing on the beach, making a violent noise,
+threatening to throw their arrows at us, and evidently full of
+suspicion; for, though we threw out to them pieces of iron and
+other things, they refused to come to parley, and used every
+possible means to wound one of our men and get him into their
+power; we were accordingly compelled to frighten them by firing
+one or two shots at them, by which one of the blacks was hit in
+the breast and carried to the pinnace by our men, upon which all
+the others retired to the hills or dunes; in their wretched huts
+on the beach we found nothing but a square-cut assagay, two or
+three small pebbles, and some human bones, which they use in
+constructing their weapons and scraping the same; we also found a
+quantity of black resin and a piece of metal, which the wounded
+man had in his net, and which he had most probably got from the
+men of the Duyfken; since there was nothing further to be done
+here, we rowed back to the yacht, the wounded man dying before we
+had reached her; at noon we set sail with a S.W. wind on a N.N.E.
+course along the land, and as it fell calm, came to anchor after
+having run on for 2 miles.</p>
+
+<p><a name="page43"></a>{Page 43}</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 13th, the wind being S.E. with good
+weather, we set sail on a N.E. by N. course in upwards Of 7
+fathom about 2 miles from the land; at noon we were in 11&deg;
+16' Lat., the wind being E.; in the evening we came to anchor in
+2 fathom near a river, which we have named <b>Revier van
+Spult</b> in the chart.</p>
+
+<p>(The <b>Waterplaets</b> in 10 degrees 50 minutes Lat.)</p>
+
+<p>On the 14th we made sail again before daybreak, with a S.E.
+wind and steady weather; from the 9th of this month up to now we
+have found the land of Nova Guinea to extend N.N.E. and S.S.W.,
+and from this point continuing N. and S. I went ashore here
+myself with the skipper and 10 musketeers and found a large
+number of footprints of men and dogs going south; we also came
+upon a very fine fresh-water river, flowing into the sea, whence
+fresh water can easily be obtained by means of boats or pinnaces;
+the river is in 10&deg; 50', and is marked <b>Waterplaets</b> in
+the chart. The land here is high, hilly, and reefy near the sandy
+beach; seeing that nothing profitable could be effected here, we
+returned to the yacht, which was lying-by under small sail;
+towards the evening we were at about 1 mile's distance from three
+islets, of which the southernmost was the largest; five miles by
+estimation farther to northward we saw a mountainous country, but
+the shallows rendered (or render) it impossible for us to get
+near it; in almost every direction in which soundings were taken,
+we found very shallow water, so that we sailed for a long time in
+5, 4, 3, 2&frac12;, 2, 1&frac12; fathom and even less, so that at
+last we were forced to drop anchor in 1&frac12; fathom, without
+knowing where to look for greater or less depths; after sunset we
+therefore sent out the pinnace to take soundings, which found
+deeper water a long way S.W. of the pinnace, viz. 2, 3, and
+4&frac12; fathom; we were very glad to sail thither with the
+yacht, and cast anchor in 8&frac12; fathom, fervently thanking
+God Almighty for his inexpressible mercy and clemency, shown us
+in this emergency as in all others.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 15th, the wind being S.E. with good
+weather, we set sail on a W. course, which took us into shallower
+water of 2, 2&frac12; and 3 fathom; we therefore went over to
+S.W., when we came into 3&frac12;, 4, 5, 6 fathom and upwards;
+we had lost sight of the land here, and found it impossible to
+touch at it or follow it any longer, owing to the shallows, reefs
+and sandbanks and also to the E. winds blowing here; on which
+account it was resolved and determined--in order to avoid such
+imminent perils as might ultimately arise if we continued to
+coast along the land any longer--to turn back and hold our course
+first for the <b>Vleermuijs Eijlant</b>; we therefore stood out
+to sea on a W. course in 9&frac12; fathom and upwards, having
+sailed 17 miles in 24 hours, kept west, and finding no bottom in
+27 fathom.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p class="center">NOTE That in our landings between 13&deg; and
+11&deg; we have but two times seen black men or savages, who
+received us much more hostilely than those more to southward;
+they are also acquainted with muskets, of which they would seem
+to have experienced the fatal effect when in 1606 the men of the
+<b>Duyffken</b> made a landing here.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>In the morning of the 16th, the wind was E.S.E. with good
+weather, the Eastern monsoon having set in; course held N.N.W.,
+at noon we were in 10&deg; 27', having sailed 30 miles in 24
+hours.</p>
+
+<p>{Page 44}</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 17th the weather was good with a strong
+wind; course held as before; at noon we were in 8&deg; 43';
+towards the evening, in 18 and 19 fathom, we saw from the
+main-topmast land N.E. of us, when we were in 8&deg; 19'; towards
+daybreak we passed a shallow Of 4 and 4&frac12; fathom, on which
+we changed our course to S.W., having sailed 30 miles in 24
+hours.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 18th, sailing in 5&frac12; fathom, we
+saw land, being the western extremity of Nova Guinea; course held
+W., with a strong wind; at noon latitude as before; during the
+night we sailed with small sail along the land on the course
+aforesaid, having run 27 miles in 24 hours.</p>
+
+<p>On the 19th, the wind as before, course held N.; at noon we
+were in 7&deg; 57' Lat.; we ran on the same course for the rest
+of the day and night.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 20th there was a strong wind; we were in
+18 fathom and by estimation in 7&deg; Lat., we therefore ran on a
+W. course towards the islands which are said to lie in this
+latitude; sailed 24 miles in 24 hours.</p>
+
+<p>On the 21st the wind was as before, and since we saw no land
+or signs of land, which by the ships' reckoning and by estimation
+we ought to have seen, if there had been any here, we changed our
+course to northward, in order to run to the latitude of 5&deg;,
+in which Aru is situated.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 22nd we were in 5&deg; 38' Lat., with
+the wind as before, and since we estimated ourselves to be in the
+latitude of Aru, we turned our course westward; about noon we saw
+the island of Aru ahead of us...without seeing any signs of the
+yacht <b>Aernem</b>, which on the 17th of April last, in 17&deg;,
+near the coast of Nova Guinea, had with malice prepense sailed
+away from the Pera, while the Aruese, who came forthwith
+alongside with their prows, also declared not to have seen the
+said yacht...</p>
+
+<p class="center">JUNE.</p>
+
+<p>In the evening of the 8th we came to anchor before the castle
+of Amboyna, having therewith brought our voyage to a safe
+conclusion by the merciful protection of God Almighty, who may
+vouchsafe to grant prosperity and success in all their good
+undertakings to their High Mightinesses the States-General, to
+his Excellency the Prince of Orange etc., to the Lords Managers
+of the United East India Company and to the Worshipful Lord
+General and his Governors.</p>
+
+<p>Continuing for ever<br />
+Their High Mightinesses' etc. obedient and affectionate
+servant<br />
+(signed)<br />
+JAN CARSTENSZOON.</p>
+
+<p><a name="page45"></a>{Page 45}</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>C.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">A SUMMARY ABSTRACT [*] OF THE JOURNAL OF THE
+MAIN INCIDENTS BEFALLEN IN THE VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY TO EASTWARD
+WITH THE YACHTS PERA AND AERNEM. BEGUN THIS 21ST OF JANUARY A.D.
+1623.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* In a great number of passages this abstract merely
+copies the authentic journal verbatim; I accordingly transcribe
+such parts only as would seem to have a certain supplementary
+value.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center">A.D. 1623.</p>
+
+<p><i>In the name of God Amen.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">JANUARY.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of Saturday the 21st we weighed anchor before
+Amboyna and set sail with the western monsoon together with the
+yacht Arnem...</p>
+
+<p class="center">MARCH.</p>
+
+<p>On the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th we skirted the
+land with the wind and course aforesaid, and came to anchor at
+about a mile's distance from the land. I went ashore in person
+with the pinnaces duly manned and armed...[*]</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* What follows in the original is an almost verbatim
+transcript of the corresponding passages in the authentic
+journal.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>(<b>Keerweer</b> formerly mistaken for islands)</p>
+
+<p>To this place or part of the land where the aforesaid
+happened, we have in the new chart given the name of
+<b>Keer-Weer</b> [Turn-again], seeing that the land here bends to
+S.W. and West, in 7&deg; Latitude; the place, which has formerly
+been mistaken for a group of islands by the men of the yacht
+<b>Duijfken</b> in the year 1606 [*], lies about 50 miles S.E. by
+East of Aro...</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* The passage in the text furnishes interesting
+evidence respecting the voyage of the yacht Duifken in 1606; a
+fact that has so often been called in question, or even flatly
+denied.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>On the 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th and 21st
+[of March] [*] with a W.N.W. wind in 2, 2&frac12;, 3 and 4
+fathom, we got clear of the shallows which we had previously run
+into as into a trap; we managed to do so by tacking and taking
+advantage of the current, so that in the evening of the 21st
+aforesaid we came to anchor in 7 fathom near an islet situated
+one mile or upwards S. and N. of the mainland...</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* A comparison with the authentic journal at the
+dates given, will enable the reader to ascertain the points which
+the yachts had then reached.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>On the 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th [of April]
+we tried on divers courses, such as S.E. and S.E. by E., to make
+the land of Nova Guinea, until on the 8th aforesaid in the
+night-time we ran in between certain reefs, where by God's
+providence the yachts were preserved from taking harm; after
+which on the 12th aforesaid we sighted the land of Nova Guinea in
+11&deg; 45', our yachts being in 13&frac12; fathom, clayey
+bottom.</p>
+
+<p>On the 18th [of April], after running southward between 5 and
+6 miles, we saw a large number of blacks on the beach; we
+therefore dropped anchor and sent the skipper ashore with the two
+pinnaces; who, by offering them pieces of iron and strings of
+beads, caused some of the blacks to draw near, so that he could
+lay hold of one of them, whom with the help of his men (who met
+with little resistance) he carried on board...</p>
+
+<p>On the 5th, 6th and 7th [of May] we skirted the coast as
+before on a northward course, and repeatedly endeavoured to
+effect a landing, but were in every case treated by the savages
+in hostile fashion, and forced to return to the yachts...</p>
+
+<p>On the 11th [of May] we sailed close inshore past a large
+river (which in 1606 the men of the yacht <b>Duijfken</b> went up
+with the boat, on which occasion one of them was killed by the
+arrows of the natives), situated in 11&deg; 48' Lat., to which
+river we have in the new map given the name of...[*]</p>
+
+<p>Always continuing<br />
+Their High Mightinesses' etc. obedient and affectionate
+servant<br />
+J. CARSTENSZOON.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* <b>Carpentier</b>, erased in the original MS. Cf.
+my Life of Tasman, p. 100, note 4.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p><a name="page46"></a>{Page 46}</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>D.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">CHART MADE BY THE UPPER STEERSMAN AREND
+MARTENSZ. DE LEEUW, WHO TOOK PART IN THE EXPEDITION [*].</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* The original of this chart, of which a full-sized
+reproduction is given in <i>Remarkable Maps</i>, II, 5, is
+preserved in the State Archives at the Hague. There would seem to
+have been still more charts of this voyage: see VAN DIJK
+Carpentaria, p. 37, note 3.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<div class="fig" style="width:100%;">
+<a name="maps-07"></a>
+<img src="images/heeres-07.jpg" width="500" height="406" alt="[Illustration: ]" />
+<p class="caption">No. 7. Kaart van den opperstuurman AREND MARTENSZ. DE
+LEEUW, der Zuidwestkust van Nieuw Guinea en der Oostkust van de
+Golf van Carpentaria (Chart, made by the upper steersman Arend
+Martensz. De Leeuw, of the Southwest coast of New-Guinea and the
+East-coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria)</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><a name="page47"></a>{Page 47}</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>2.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">VOYAGE OF THE ARNHEM ALONE UNDER THE COMMAND OF
+VAN COOLSTEERDT, AFTER THE SHIP PERA AND HERSELF HAD PARTED
+COMPANY ON THE 27TH OF APRIL, 1623.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>A.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Letter from the Governor of Banda to the
+Governor-General Pieter De Carpentier, May 16, 1623.</i></p>
+
+<p>Noble, Worshipful, Wise, Valiant and very Discreet Sir,</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>The day before yesterday...we sighted...a ship. We forthwith
+presumed it to be Mr. <b>Carstens</b>, or perhaps one of the
+Yachts <b>Pera</b> or <b>Arnehem</b>...The ship turned out to be
+the <b>Arnehem</b>, which during the preceding night had lost her
+rudder...</p>
+
+<p>(They) have not done much worth mentioning, for at the place
+where the chart [*] they had with them, led them to expect <b>an
+open passage</b>, they did not find any such, so that they could
+not get to the island they wished to reach...[**]</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* It is highly probable that this is another
+allusion to a chart of the voyage of <b>Willem Janszoon</b> with
+the <b>Duifken</b> in 1605-1606, because other documents
+concerning this expedition of the Arnhem and the Pera put it
+beyond a doubt that they had on board a chart of the voyage of
+the ship Duifken. In that case the passage in the text proves
+that <b>Willem Janszoon</b> already suspected the existence of
+<b>Torres Strait</b>, since the "open passage" can hardly refer
+to anything else.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** The remaining part of the letter refers to the
+time when the two ships were still together, and contains nothing
+new.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Done in the Castle of Nassauw at Nera in the island of Banda,
+this 16th of May, A.D. 1623.<br />
+(signed) ISACK De BRUNE.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>B.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Letter from the Governor-General Antonio Van
+Diemen to "Commander" Gerrit Thomaszoon Pool, February 19,
+1636.</i></p>
+
+<p>Worshipful, Provident, very Discreet Sir,</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>With the present we also [*] send you a chart of the <b>coasts
+made A.D. 1623 by the Yachts Pera and Arnhem</b>, together with a
+small map of the South-land as surveyed by divers ships coming
+from the Netherlands, both of which may be of use to Your Worship
+[**]...</p>
+
+<p>Done in the Castle of Batavia, February 19, A.D. 1636.</p>
+
+<p>(signed) ANTONIO VAN DIEMEN</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* <i>Vis</i>. together with the Instructions of
+Febr. 19 for Pool's expedition to the Southland; see
+<i>infra</i>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** To wit, with a view to the voyage just referred
+to.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center"><b>C.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Instructions for Pool, Febr. 19,
+1636.</i></p>
+
+<p>...Failing ulterior instructions, we desire you to sail as
+quickly as possible from Banda to <b>Arnhems and Speultsland</b>,
+situated <b>between 9 and 13 degrees Southern Latitude,
+discovered A.D., 1623,</b> as you may further see from the
+annexed chart [*]...</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* This, then, is the chart of the "coasts made A.D.
+1623 by the yachts <i>Pera</i> and <i>Arnhem</i>"; for the "small
+map" handed to Pool, in the second place referred to in the above
+letter of Febr. 19, 1636, refers to surveyings of the west-coast
+of Australia by ships going from the Netherlands to India, and
+can therefore have nothing to do with the expedition of 1623.
+<b>Arnhems- and Van Speults Land</b> were accordingly discovered
+on the voyage of the Pera and the Arnhem. Now the journal of the
+Pera shows that she did <i>not</i> discover them, so that we are
+led to the conclusion that Arnhems- and Van Speults Land were
+discovered by the ship <b>Arnhem</b>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>{Page 48}</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>D.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Letter from the Governor-General and
+Councillors to the Managers of the E.I.C., December 28,
+1636.</i></p>
+
+<p>...[The ships of Pool's expedition touched at] the native
+village of Taranga, situated at the south-western extremity of
+Arouw, and then sailed southward, hoping to be able to run on an
+easterly course in order to execute their orders; they, however,
+met with strong south-east winds and very high seas besides; in
+11 degrees S.L. they discovered vast lands, to which they gave
+the names of Van Diemen's and Maria's Land, and which we suspect
+to be <b>Arnhems</b> or <b>Speults's</b> islands, though they
+extend in another direction than the latter [*].</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Cf. as regards the situation of Arnhem's and Van
+Speult's Lands my Lite of Tasman, pp. 101 and 102, and the charts
+there referred to. Of the Nolpe-Dozy chart, of which there is
+question in note 4 on p. 102 of the book just mentioned, a
+reproduction will be found in <i>Remarkable Maps</i>, with a note
+by myself.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>The council of the said yachts, finding they could not run on
+an eastern course, after discovering and surveying Arnhem's Land
+twenty miles to westward, resolved to steer their course
+northward again past the islands of Timor and Tenember, and thus
+return to Banda, where they arrived on July 7...</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>E.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Instructions for Tasman, 1644.</i></p>
+
+<p>...The third voyage was undertaken from Amboyna in the month
+of January 1623 with the Yachts Pera and Arnhem, commanded by
+Commander JAN CARSTENS, for the purpose of entering into friendly
+relations with the inhabitants of the islands of Key, Arou and
+Tenimber, and of exploring Nova Guinea and the South-lands, on
+which occasion alliances were made with the islands aforesaid and
+the south-coast of Nova Guinea was further discovered...but owing
+to untimely separation the Yacht <b>Arnhem</b>, after discovering
+the <b>large islands of Arnhem and Speult</b>, returned to
+Amboyna unsuccessfully enough, while the Yacht Pera, continuing
+her voyage, navigated along the south coast of Nova Guinea as far
+as a shallow bay in 10 degrees, and afterwards along the west
+coast of the same land as far as Cape Keer-Weer, whence she
+further explored the coast to southward as far as 17 degrees near
+the Staten river, where she saw the land stretching farther to
+westward, after which she returned again to Amboyna...</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>{Page 49}</p>
+
+<h3><a name="doc-15"></a>XV. (1623)<br />
+VOYAGE OF THE SHIP LEYDEN COMMANDED BY SKIPPER KLAAS
+HERMANSZ(OON) FROM THE NETHERLANDS TO JAVA.--FURTHER DISCOVERY OF
+THE WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Journal kept on board the ship Leyden from
+the Texel to Batavia, 1623.</i></p>
+
+<p>Laus Deo. This 9th day of July, A.D. 1623 in the ship
+<i>Leyden</i>...</p>
+
+<p>On the 15th do. Latitude 27&deg; 15'; during the last
+twenty-four hours we sailed 16 miles East by North and
+East-north-east...At noon we saw a large dead fish floating near
+our ship, with a great many birds perched on its carcase.</p>
+
+<p>On the 16th do. Latitude 26&deg; 27'; sailed 16 miles in 24
+hours North by east...</p>
+
+<p>On the 17th do. Latitude 27&deg; 23'; from last night sailed
+16 miles East-south-east...</p>
+
+<p>On the 18th do. Latitude 27&deg; 25'; sailed 24 miles
+East-south-east, East by South and East-north-east, on the whole
+keeping an eastward course...</p>
+
+<p>On the 19th do. Latitude 27' 20'. sailed due east 20 Miles in
+24 hours...</p>
+
+<p>On the 20th do. Latitude 27&deg; 20' sailed 20 miles these 24
+hours North-east, East-north-east and East, with a light breeze,
+fair weather, and a West-south-west wind; course held east.</p>
+
+<p>On the 21st do. in the morning we sighted
+<b>Eendrachtsland</b> in Latitude 27&deg; at about 6 miles'
+distance South-west by west; we sounded off it in 61 fathom fine
+gravel bottom, the land showing outwardly like Robben Island in
+the Taffel Bay; at noon in Latitude 26&deg; 43' we shaped our
+course to northward, and afterwards drifted in a calm.</p>
+
+<p>On the 22nd do. Latitude 26` 36, sailed and drifted about 4
+miles, at about 8 miles' distance North~north-west from the land.
+We sighted everywhere a hilly coast with large bays, with
+low-lying land in between, the whole covered with dunes; we
+drifted in a calm, our course being North-west by West.</p>
+
+<p>On the 23rd do. Latitude 26&deg; 3'; during the last
+twenty-four hours we mostly drifted in a calm at about 3 or 4
+miles' distance from the coast; here we sighted a large inlet,
+looking like a river or bay. We sounded in 80 fathom, good sandy
+bottom; in the afternoon there was a light breeze from the
+South-south-west, our course being North-west by West. In the
+evening we saw the farthest extremity of the land north by east
+at six miles' distance from us.</p>
+
+<p>On the 26th do. Latitude 25&deg; 48', we did our best to keep
+off the land, which extended North-north-west and
+East-south-east. The land looked like the west-coast of England
+with many reddish rocks; out at sea there were plenty of cliffs
+and sunken rocks; at noon the wind went round to South-west
+afterwards to the south; we held our course North-west by North.
+In the evening the endmost land lay North by east of us at about
+7 miles' distance.</p>
+
+<p>On the 27th do. WILLEMTGEN JANSZ., wedded wife Of WILLEM
+JANSZ. of Amsterdam, midshipman, was delivered of a son, who got
+the name of SEEBAER VAN NIEMELANT. At noon Latitude 24&deg; 15',
+sailed northward both in a calm and with variable winds,
+generally on a North-by-west course...[*] miles, our course being
+north, and the wind south with a fine breeze.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Left blank.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>On the 29th do. Latitude 20&deg; 56'.</p>
+
+<p>On the 30th do. Latitude 18&deg; 56'; the wind being east, we
+could not get higher than north. We saw a good deal of rock-weed
+floating about, and plenty of fish near the ship...</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p><a name="page50"></a>{Page 50}</p>
+
+<h3><a name="doc-16"></a>XVI. (1624)<br />
+DISCOVERY OF THE TORTELDUIF ISLAND (ROCK).</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><b>A.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Daily Register [*] of what has happened here
+at Batavia from the first of January, A.D. 1627.</i></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* This Daily Register has been edited by me ('s
+Gravenhage, Nijhoff, 1896).]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>...On the 21st [of June] there arrived here from the
+Netherlands the advice-yacht <b>Tortelduiff</b>...which had left
+the Texel...on the 16th of November, 1623...</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>B.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Hessel Gerritsz Charts, 1627 [*] (Nos. 4 and
+5.--VII, C, D).</i></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* The situation of <b>Tortelduif island</b> was
+accordingly known as early as 1677. The voyage Of 1623-1624 is
+the only one made to India by the ship of that name (see LEUPE,
+Zuidland, p. 48). If we take for granted that this ship gave its
+name to the island (rock), which is highly probable, then the
+name must have been conferred in 1624. The note of interrogation
+in the text is only meant to ward off the charge of over-hasty
+inference on my part.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="doc-17"></a>XVII. (1626)<br />
+VOYAGE OF THE SHIP LEIJDEN, COMMANDED BY SKIPPER DANIEL JANSSEN
+COCK, FROM THE NETHERLANDS TO JAVA.--FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE
+WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA.</h3>
+
+<p class="center">Copy of the Journal kept by me DANIEL JANSSEN
+COCK, Captain and Skipper of the ship LEIJDEN, which set sail on
+the 17th of May 1625, of all that has occurred during the
+voyage.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>Praise God. April 1626.</p>
+
+<p>26 do. Latitude 29&frac12; degrees, sailed 36 miles...</p>
+
+<p>27 do. Latitude 27 2/3 degrees, sailed 28 miles; course held
+north-east; the wind being south and south-west, I had the
+top-gallants set. God grant what is best for us. Amen. Course
+kept North-north-east.</p>
+
+<p>28 do. In the morning we took the sun's azimuth: between 7 and
+8 degrees to northward, the rise being 16 degrees. We sighted
+land, being the Southland, at 10 miles' distance. We found a
+strong current here, with a depth Of 40 fathom. The current set
+to eastward or straight against the land. In the evening we
+shaped our course to North-west.</p>
+
+<p>29 do. Latitude slightly under 26&deg;. the weather was calm,
+so that we ran along the coast, North and at times
+North-north-west. In the evening I saw the endmost (?) land
+north-east of me; the wind blowing from the south.</p>
+
+<p>30 do. In the morning I took the sun's azimuth: between 9 and
+10 degrees to northward, the rise being 16&frac12; degrees,
+remains 7&frac12; degrees. At noon Latitude 24&deg; 47'. Course
+held North by west, with a southerly wind; sailed 18 miles; in
+the evening it fell calm...</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p><a name="page51"></a>{Page 51}</p>
+
+<h3><a name="doc-18"></a>XVIII. (1627)<br />
+DISCOVERY OF THE SOUTH-WEST COAST OF AUSTRALIA BY THE SHIP HET
+GULDEN ZEEPAARD, COMMANDED BY PIETER NUIJTS, MEMBER OF THE
+COUNCIL OF INDIA, AND BY SKIPPER FRAN&Ccedil;OIS THIJSSEN OR
+THIJSZOON.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><b>A.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Dail Register of what has happened here at
+Batavia from the first of January, 1627 [*].</i></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* On p. 307 of my edition of the Daily Register of
+1624-1629.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>...On the 10th [of April] there arrived here from the
+Netherlands the ship <b>t' Gulden Seepaart</b> fitted out by the
+Zealand Chamber [*], having on board the Hon. <b>Pieter
+Nuyts</b>, extraordinary Councillor of India, having sailed from
+there on the 22nd of May, 1626...</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* The Register of outgoing vessels of the E.I.C.
+shows that the skipper's name was <b>François Thijssen</b>
+or <b>Thijszoon</b>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center"><b>B.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Hessel Gerritsz-Huydecoper Chart (No.
+5.--VII D).</i></p>
+
+<p>This chart has <b>'t land van Pieter Nuijts</b> (discovered
+January 26 [*], 1627) and the islands of <b>Sint
+François</b> and <b>Sint Pieter</b>.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Some of the charts have February, but most of them
+January. This month is also mentioned as the time of the
+discovery in the instructions for Pool (1636, see <i>infra</i>)
+and for Tasman (1644). Cf. my Life of Tasman, pp.
+97f.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="doc-19"></a>XIX. (1627)<br />
+VOYAGE OF THE SHIPS GALIAS, UTRECHT AND TEXEL, COMMANDED BY
+GOVERNOR-GENERAL JAN PIETERSZOON COEN.<br />
+FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><b>A.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Letter of Jan Pieterszoon Coen to the
+Directors of the E.I.C.</i></p>
+
+<p>Most Noble Wise Provident Very Discreet Gentlemen,</p>
+
+<p>The present is a copy of our letter written from Illa de Mayo
+on the 15th of April last...On July the 22nd we sailed from the
+Tafelbay with the ships Galias, Utrecht and Texel. When coming
+out to sea we got the wind from the south, so that we could not
+sail higher than the Cape, and lost eight days during which we
+made no progress. Then getting a favourable wind we remained
+together in 37&frac12; degrees Southern Latitude up to the 10th
+of August; the following night, however, the rudder of the Galias
+broke in a strong wind, so that the ship became ungovernable, and
+the sails were dashed to pieces, in consequence of which she got
+separated from the other two ships, who had failed to observe the
+accident of the Galias owing to the darkness; {Page 52}
+the next day, the rudder having been repaired, we continued our
+voyage with the Galias, and in the afternoon of the 5th of
+September in 28&frac12; degrees S. Lat. came upon <b>the land of
+d'Eendracht</b>. We were at less than half a mile's distance from
+the breakers before perceiving the same, without being able to
+see land. If we had come upon this place in the night-time, we
+should have been in a thousand perils with our ship and crew. In
+the plane charts the reckonings of our steersmen were still
+between 300 and 350 miles from any land, so that there was not
+the slightest suspicion of our being near any, although the
+reckoning of the chart with increasing degrees showed only 120
+miles, and the reckoning by the terrestrial globe only 50 miles
+distance from the land. But to this little attention had been
+paid. It seems certain now that the miscalculation involved in
+the plane chart from Cabo de bon' Esperança to the
+Southland in 35 degrees latitude gives an overplus of more than
+270 miles of sea, a matter to which most steersmen pay little
+attention, and which has brought, and is still daily bringing,
+many vessels into great perils. It would be highly expedient if
+in the plane charts most in use, between Cabo de bon'
+Esperança and the South-land south of Java, so much space
+were added and passed over in drawing up the reckonings, as is
+deducible from the correct longitude according to the globosity
+of earth and sea. We would request Your Worships to direct
+attention to this point, and have such indications made in the
+plane chart as experts shall find to be advisable; a matter of
+the highest importance, which if not properly attended to
+involves grievous peril to ships and crews (which God in his
+mercy avert).</p>
+
+<p>In this plane chart the South-land also lies fully 40 miles
+more to eastward than it should be, which should also be
+rectified.</p>
+
+<p>On the 20th of September we struck the South-coast of Java
+about 50 or 60 miles eastward of its western extremity...</p>
+
+<p>Your Worships' obedt. servant<br />
+J.P. COEN.</p>
+
+<p>At Batavia, October 30, 1627.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="doc-20"></a>XX. (1627)<br />
+VOYAGE OF THE SHIP HET WAPEN VAN HOORN, COMMANDED BY SUPER CARGO
+J. VAN ROOSENBERGH.<br />
+FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Letter Of Supercargo J. Van Roosenbergh to
+the Directors of the E.I.C., November 8, 1627.</i></p>
+
+<p>Worshipful Wise Provident Very Discreet Gentlemen,</p>
+
+<p>You have no doubt received my letter from Illa de Mayo...</p>
+
+<p>On the 7th of September we resolved to run for the
+<b>South-land</b>, that we might be near Java before the middle
+of October. On the 17th do. we sighted the <b>land of
+d'Eendracht</b> near <b>Dirck Hartochs reede</b> [road-stead], at
+about 7 miles' distance from us; the land was of middle height,
+something like D'overen [Dover] in England; it is less low than
+has been asserted by some, and of a whitish hue, so that at night
+it cannot be seen before one is quite close to it. When by
+estimation we were at two miles' distance from the land, the
+coast seemed to have a foreshore consisting of small hills here
+and there. According to our observations the land lay quite
+differently from what the chart would have us believe, to wit,
+North by West and North-north-west, from a point three miles
+south of the aforesaid height to a point 8 or 9 miles north of
+it; which were the farthest points seen by us; this constituting
+a difference Of 3&frac12; {Page 53} points with the chart,
+which makes it North-north-east and South-south-west. We cast the
+lead five miles off the shore in 75 fathom, muddy bottom mixed
+with small red pebbles, and five glasses afterwards, two miles
+off shore, in 55 fathom sandy bottom, for hardly anything was
+found sticking to the lead when heaved. We had seen no other
+signs of land beyond gulf-weed floating about in small quantities
+just as in the Sargasso Sea, and some land-birds flying high
+overhead. The many-coloured birds which we met near the islands
+of Tristan de Aconcha, left us two days before, just as they did
+when we got near Cabo de bone Esperança, so that they
+would seem to dislike the land. Instead of them, we saw a black
+bird with a white tail, having white streaks here and there under
+its wings; a bird, it seems, of rare occurrence. Three or four
+days before we also saw a number of sanderlings. Close inshore we
+also saw a quantity of cuttlebone, but the pieces were very small
+and scattered, so that they could hardly be seen in hollow water,
+except by paying very close attention to them and only 6 or 8
+miles off shore, seeing that the steady west-wind prevents their
+getting out to sea, which they would certainly do, if now and
+then the wind blew from the east for a few days in succession.
+Careful estimations based on the globosity of the earth will give
+the best signs after all. By estimation we have got into...[*]
+Longitude, some of our steersmen having got one or two degrees
+more, some less, which in the plane charts makes a considerable
+difference, about 217 miles by calculation. I repeat that since I
+have seen the land a good deal earlier, it will be expedient in
+the plane chart to mark out a distance of about 200 miles, to
+westward of St. Paulo island and to eastward of Madagascar, the
+said distance to be passed over in drawing up reckonings, seeing
+that the plane chart involves serious drawbacks; the same might
+well be done to eastward of the Cape, in such fashion as Your
+Worships' cartographers and other experts, such as Master C. J.
+Lastman, shall find to be most expedient for the Company's
+service. Seeing that we had nothing to do near the coast, and
+there was a fair wind blowing for us to make use of, we deemed it
+advisable that night to run north-west, and the next morning,
+having got north into 20 degrees S. Lat., from there to hold a
+north by-west course for Java, whither God Almighty may in safety
+conduct ourselves and those who shall come after us.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Left blank.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>On the 27th do. in the evening, when it had got dark, the
+water suddenly turned as white as butter-milk, a thing that none
+of those on board of us had ever seen in their lives, and which
+greatly surprised us all, so that, concluding it to be caused by
+a shallow of the sea, we set the foresail and cast the lead, but
+since we got no bottom, and with the rising moon the water again
+resumed its usual colour, we made all sail and ran on full speed,
+satisfied that the strange colour had been caused by the sky,
+which was very pale at the time. On the 28th in the morning very
+early, the water became thick, and shortly after we sighted land,
+being two islands, each of them about 2 miles in length; at 4
+miles' distance from the land we cast the lead in 65 fathom sandy
+bottom. At noon in Latitude 8&deg;, three miles off shore, we
+found ourselves to have run too far to eastward, wherefore we
+held our course to westward up to the 2nd of October, when by
+God's grace we passed the Princen islands, and arrived off
+Bantham on the 9th do. By estimation the <b>land of
+d'Eendracht</b> is marked in the chart fifty miles too far to
+eastward, which should also be rectified...</p>
+
+<p>Done in the ship 't Wapen van Hoorn, November 8, A.D. 1627,
+lying at anchor before Batavia.</p>
+
+<p>Your Worships' obedt. Servant<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>J. V. ROOSENBERGH.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p><a name="page54"></a>{Page 54}</p>
+
+<h3><a name="doc-21"></a>XXI. (1628)<br />
+DISCOVERY OF THE NORTH-WEST COAST OF AUSTRALIA BY THE SHIP VIANEN
+(VIANE, VIANA), COMMANDED BY GERRIT FREDERIKSZOON DE WITT.--DE
+WITT'S LAND.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><b>A.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Letter of the Governor-General and
+Councillors to the Managers of the E.I.C. November 3,
+1628.</i></p>
+
+<p>...[We] thought fit to give orders for the ship <b>Vyanen</b>
+[*] to sail to the strait of Balamboan. [She] sailed [from
+Batavia] thither on the 14th of January, and from there stood out
+to sea on the 25th do. She was by head-winds driven so far to
+south-ward that she came upon the <b>South-land beyond Java</b>
+where she ran aground, so that she was forced to throw overboard
+8 or 10 lasts of pepper and a quantity of copper, upon which
+through God's mercy she got off again without further
+damage...</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* That commander Gerrit Frederikszoon De Witt, was
+on board this ship, is proved by an original letter of his, dated
+August 6, 1628 (Hague State Archives).]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center"><b>B.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>See the Hessel Gerritsz--Huydecoper Chart
+(No 5.--VII D), which has <b>G. F. De Witts-land.</b></i></p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>C.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Instructions for Tasman, 1644 [*].</i></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* The well-known chart of TASMAN, 1644 (see my Life
+of, Tasman, PP. 71-73) also has the name G. F. De Witt's
+Land.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>...Meanwhile in the year 1627 the ship t' Gulde
+Zeepaert,...discovered...the south coast <b>of the great
+Southland</b>, and in the following year 1628 the ship
+<b>Viana</b>, homeward bound from Batavia, equally unexpectedly
+discovered the coast of the same land <b>on the north side</b> in
+the Southern Latitude of 21 degrees, and sailed along it a
+distance of about 50 miles; none of these discoveries, however,
+resulting in the obtaining of any considerable information
+respecting the situation and condition of this vast land, it only
+having been found that it has barren and dangerous coasts, green,
+fertile fields and exceedingly savage, black, barbarian
+inhabitants...</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="doc-22"></a>XXII. (before 1629)<br />
+DISCOVERY OF JACOB REMESSENS-, REMENS-, OR ROMMER-RIVER, SOUTH OF
+WILLEMS RIVER [*].</h3>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* I do not know the date of this discovery. Since
+Pelsaert was acquainted with it, it must have taken place before
+1629 or 1628. It cannot have been much earlier, as the name is
+not found in Hessel Gerritsz's charts. I must mention, however,
+that Leupe has found a steersman of the name of Jacob Remmetsz
+referred to in the archives of the E.I.C. about the year
+1619.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center"><b>A.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Daily annotations of Pelsaert, 1629 (See
+infra).</i></p>
+
+<p>...This 16th [of June]...we were in Latitude 22 degrees 17
+minutes. I intended to sail to <b>Jacop Remmessens river</b>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="page55"></a>{Page 55}</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>B.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Keppler Map (No. 6.--VII E).</i></p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="doc-23"></a>XXIII. (1629) [*].<br />
+SHIPWRECK OF THE SHIP BATAVIA UNDER COMMANDER FRAN&Ccedil;OIS
+PELSAERT ON HOUTMANS ABROLHOS [**].--FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE
+WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA.</h3>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* In the year 1628 certain other Dutch vessels
+sighted or touched at the west-coast of Australia on their
+outward voyage to India (see LEUPE, <i>Zuidland</i>, p. 58; my
+edition of the Daily Register of Batavia, p. 341). What we know
+on this point is without interest. I merely mention the fact
+here, without entering into particulars.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** The fact and the particulars of this shipwreck
+have become sufficiently known, the narrative of it having been
+published repeatedly and in different languages (see TIELE,
+Mémoires bibliographiques, pp. 262-268; <i>Id</i>.
+Bibliographie Land- en Volkenkunde, pp. 172, 190-191, 258f.--Cf.
+e.g. also MAJOR, Early Voyages, pp. LXXXIX--XCII; 59-74). I
+accordingly print in the text only what is strictly necessary;
+but I give almost <i>in extenso</i> Pelsaert's journal of his
+exploratory voyage along the west-coast of
+Australia.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center"><b>A.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Woeful diurnal annotations [of Commander
+PELSAERT] touching the loss of our ship Batavia, run aground on
+the Abrolhos, or rocks of Fredrick Houtman, situated in
+28&frac12; degrees S. Lat., at 9 miles' distance from the
+Southland.</i></p>
+
+<p>On the fourth of June [1619], it being Whitmonday, with a
+light, clear full moon, about two hours before daybreak...I felt
+the ship's rudder strike the rocks with a violent horrible shock.
+Upon which the ship's course was forthwith checked by the
+rocks...I rushed on deck, and found all the sails atop; the wind
+south-west; our course during the night had been north-east by
+north, and we were now lying amidst thick foam. Still, at the
+moment, the breakers round the ship were not violent, but shortly
+after the sea was heard to run upon us with great vehemence on
+all sides...</p>
+
+<p>[When] day broke, we found ourselves surrounded by cliffs and
+shoals...</p>
+
+<p>I saw no land that I thought would remain above water at high
+tide, except an island, which by estimation was fully three miles
+from the ship. I therefore sent the skipper to two small islets
+or cliffs, in order to ascertain whether our men and part of our
+cargo could be landed there. About 9 o'clock the skipper
+returned, informing me that it was well-nigh impossible to get
+through the rocks and cliffs, the pinnace running aground in one
+place, and the water being several fathom deep in another. As far
+as he could judge, the islands would remain above water at high
+tide. Therefore, moved by the loud lamentations raised on board
+by women, children, sick people, and faint-hearted men, we
+thought it best first to land the greater part of our
+people...</p>
+
+<p>[On June 5] at their earnest instances to move me, it was
+determined, as shown by the resolution, that we should try to
+find fresh water in the neighbouring islands, or on the mainland
+coast in order to save their lives and our own; and that, if no
+water should be found, we should in that case at the mercy of God
+with the pinnace continue our voyage to Batavia, there to make
+known our calamitous and unheard-of disasters...</p>
+
+<p>{Page 56}</p>
+
+<p>This day the 6th do...[we] set sail in the pinnace, and on
+this day touched at two separate islands, where we found at best
+some brackish water, which had collected in the cavities of the
+rocks on the beach after the rain, but it was largely mixed with
+seawater. On the 7th do. we remained here, in order to repair our
+pinnace with a plank, for we found that without this it would
+have been impossible to reach the mainland...</p>
+
+<p>On the 8th do. in the morning we set sail from this island for
+the mainland...</p>
+
+<p>At noon we were in 28&deg; 13' Lat., and shortly after sighted
+the mainland, which we estimated to lie 6 miles north by west of
+our ship. The wind blew from the west, and we sounded 25 and 30
+fathom about 3 o'clock in the afternoon. During the night we kept
+off the land, and after midnight shaped our course for it
+again.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 9th we were still about 3 miles from the
+land, the wind being mainly north-west with some rain; in the
+last 24 hours we covered 4 or 5 miles by estimation, course held
+north by west. The land here extends chiefly north by west and
+south by east. It is a barren, rocky coast without trees, about
+the height of Dover in England.</p>
+
+<p>We here saw a small inlet, and some low land with dunes, which
+we meant to touch at, but on nearer approach we found a heavy sea
+and violent breakers on the shore, while at the same time the
+swell from the west suddenly began to run towards the land so
+strongly and so high, that we could hardly keep off it, the less
+so as the storm always rose in violence.</p>
+
+<p>On the 10th do. we kept holding off and on for twenty-four
+hours owing to the strong wind, while the storm from the
+north-west, which stood on the boat we had taken with us, forced
+us to cut the same adrift and to throw overboard a part of the
+bread we had with us, together with other things that were in the
+way, since we could not keep the water out of our pinnace.</p>
+
+<p>During the night we were in great peril of foundering owing to
+the violent gale and the hollow seas. We could not keep off the
+land, because we did not venture to carry sail, and so were
+wholly at the mercy of wind and waves, while it kept raining the
+whole night.</p>
+
+<p>On the 1lth do. in the morning the weather began somewhat to
+abate, the wind turning to west-south-west, upon which we held
+our course to northward, but the sea was still very rough.</p>
+
+<p>On the 12th do. at noon we were in Lat. 27&deg;; we ran close
+along the land with a south-east wind, but could find no means to
+get near the land with the pinnace, owing to the violent surf; we
+found the coast falling off very steeply, without any foreland or
+inlets, such as other lands are found to have: in short it seemed
+to us a barren, accursed earth without leafage or grass.</p>
+
+<p>On the 13th do. at noon we were in Lat. 25&deg; 40'; we found
+ourselves drifting very rapidly northward, having rounded the
+point where the land extends mainly N.N.E. and S.S.W. During the
+last 24 hours our course was chiefly north. The coast was steep,
+consisting of red rock, without foreland, of the same height
+almost everywhere, and impossible to touch at owing to the
+breakers.</p>
+
+<p>On the 14th do. in the morning there was a faint breeze, but
+during the day it fell a dead calm. At noon we were in Lat.
+24&deg;; course held N., with a S.E. wind; during the whole of
+the day the current carried us northward against our will, for we
+{Page 57} were running along the land with small sail. In
+the afternoon we saw smoke rising up from the land; we
+accordingly rowed to shore in order to land if possible, with our
+spirits somewhat raised, for I concluded that if there were men,
+there must be water too. Coming near the shore, I found it to be
+a steeply rising coast, full of rocks and stones, with the surf
+running violently; nevertheless 6 of our men swam ashore, and we
+remained at anchor with the pinnace in 25 fathom outside the
+surf. The men now searched for water everywhere until nightfall,
+without, however, finding any; they also saw four men coming up
+to them, creeping on all fours, but when our men all of a sudden
+emerged from a depression of the ground, and approached them,
+they sprang to their feet, and ran off in full career, all which
+we could distinctly see from the pinnace. They were black men,
+stark naked, without the least covering. In the evening our men
+swam on board again, all of them grievously wounded by the rocks
+on which they been dashed by the breakers. We therefore weighed
+anchor again to seek a better place for landing, and ran on
+during the night with small sail close along the shore, but out
+of the reach of the surf.</p>
+
+<p>On the 15th do. in the morning we were near a point of the
+coast off which a large reef extended about a mile in length, we
+ran in between the land and this reef, which we estimated to be
+in 23&deg; Lat., and thus sailed along the coast, along which
+there was another reef, inside which the water seemed to be very
+smooth and still; we did our best to get inside this second reef,
+but did not find an opening before noon, when we saw a passage
+where there was no surf, we ran into it, but found it to be full
+of stones, and sometimes no more than one or two feet deep.</p>
+
+<p>This coast had a foreshore covered with dunes about a mile in
+width, before you come to the higher part. We therefore began to
+dig in divers places, but the water proved to be salt; some of us
+went to the higher land, where by good luck we found in a rock a
+number of cavities, in which a quantity of rain-water had
+collected. It also seemed that a short time before there had been
+natives there, for we found some crab-shells lying about and here
+and there fire-ashes. Here we somewhat quenched our cruel thirst,
+which almost prevented us from dragging ourselves along, for
+since the loss of our ship we had had no more than one or two
+mutchkins daily, without any wine or other drink. Besides
+quenching our own thirst, we here gathered about 80 cans of
+water, and remained there for the night.</p>
+
+<p>On the 16th do. in the morning we continued our exploration in
+order to find out whether there were more water-pits in the
+mountains, but our search was fruitless, for it seemed not to
+have rained there for a long time past, and we found no traces of
+running water, the higher ground being again very barren and
+unpromising, without any trees, shrubs or grass, but with plenty
+of high ant-hills in all directions. These ant~hills consisted of
+earth thrown up, and from afar somewhat resembled huts for the
+abode of men.</p>
+
+<p>We also found such multitudes of flies here, which perched on
+our mouths and crept into our eyes, that we could not keep them
+off our persons. We likewise saw 8 blacks here, each of them
+carrying a stick in his hand; they came within a musketshot's
+distance of us, but when we went up to them, they ran off, and we
+could not get them to stop, that we might come near them. Towards
+noon, when we found there was no more water to be had, we set
+sail again, and passed through another opening of the reef a
+little more to northward. We were here in 22&deg; 17' Lat. I
+intended to run on to <b>Jacop Remessens river</b>, but the wind
+went round to North-east, so that we could not keep near the
+land, and seeing that we were now more than {Page 58} 100
+miles from those we had left behind on the island-rocks, and that
+up to now we had not found water enough to assist them all, but
+only so much as would afford two mutchkins daily to ourselves, we
+were compelled to resolve to do our best in order with God's help
+to continue our voyage to Batavia as expeditiously as possible,
+that the Hon. Lord Governor-general might order measures to be
+taken for the succour of those we had left behind...</p>
+
+<p>On the 7 th do. [of July] we arrived in the road-stead of
+Batavia at nightfall.</p>
+
+<p>God be thanked and praised.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>B.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Diurnal anotations on my [PELSAERT'S] second
+voyage to the South-land, by order of the Hon. Lord
+Governor-general Jan Pietersen Coen, with the Yacht Sardam, for
+the purpose of rescuing and bringing hither the men belonging to
+our lost ship Batavia, together with the ready money and the
+goods that it shall be found possible to salve.</i></p>
+
+<p>This day the 15th Of July We set sail in the morning with the
+land-wind...</p>
+
+<p>This day the 1st of September at noon we were in 29&deg; 16'
+Southern Latitude [*], with a variable wind, so that we found it
+impossible to get to eastward.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* The ship had already sailed farther south than
+Houtman's Abrolhos.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>On the 2nd do. the wind went round to the north with a
+top-gallant gale; at noon we were in 30&deg; 16' S.L. and found
+we had drifted a long way to southward; in the evening the wind
+turned to the north-west; course held N.E. by north.</p>
+
+<p>On the 3rd do. in the morning the wind was blowing from the
+west; we saw a good deal of rock-weed floating about and also a
+number of cuttle-bones. We therefore turned our course to
+eastward, and at noon we saw the <b>mainland of the
+South-land</b>, extending N.N.W. and S.S.E.; we were at about 3
+miles' distance from it and saw the land extending southward for
+4 miles by estimation, where it was bounded by the horizon. We
+sounded here in 25 fathom, fine sandy bottom. It is a treeless,
+barren coast with a few sandy dunes, the same as to northward; we
+were in <b>29&deg; 16' Southern Latitude</b>, turned our course
+to north-west, the wind being W.S.W., but the hollow seas threw
+us close to the land, so that in the evening we had to drop
+anchor at one mile's distance from it; at two glasses in the
+first watch our anchor was broken in two, so that we had to bring
+out another in great haste.</p>
+
+<p>On the 4th do. in the morning the wind was S.W. by S., still
+with a very hollow swell. During the day the wind went round to
+S.S.W., upon which we weighed anchor and got under sail before
+noon. We stood out to sea on a W.N.W. course in order to get off
+the lee-shore. At noon we were in 28&deg; 50' S.L., where the
+land began to fall off one point, to wit North by west and South
+by east. In the afternoon the wind went round to the south, and
+we shaped our course westward. Towards evening we became aware of
+a shoal straight ahead or west of us, at only a musket-shot's
+distance, we being in 25 fathom fine sandy bottom. We turned the
+rudder and ran off it half a mile to E.S.E., where we came to
+anchor in 27 fathom fine bottom; from noon till the evening we
+had been sailing on a W.N.W. course, and we were now at 5 miles'
+distance from the mainland. In the night it fell a dead calm with
+fine weather and a south-by-east wind.</p>
+
+<p>{Page 59}</p>
+
+<p>On the 5th do. in the morning the wind being S.S.E. with
+lovely weather, we weighed anchor and sailed S.S.W. for an hour,
+at the end of which we observed more breakers, shallows and
+islets ahead of us and alongside our course; the wind then turned
+more to eastward, so that we could run to the south and S.S.E.
+This reef or shoal extended S.S.W. and N.N.E.; along it we
+sounded in 27, 28 and 29 fathom sandy bottom; at 11 o'clock in
+the forenoon we had lost sight of the mainland; at noon we were
+in 28&deg; 59' S. Lat., the extremity of the reef lying W.S.W. of
+us, and we being in 50 or 60 fathom, foul steep bottom. In the
+afternoon the wind began to abate, but the current carried us to
+the west, while the rocks here fell off far to westward, we being
+at about 87 miles' distance from the mainland by estimation. We
+had a dead calm the whole night and drifted along the rock, on
+which we heard the waves break the whole time.</p>
+
+<p>On the 6th do. in the morning we had lost sight of the rocks;
+about 10 o'clock the wind began to blow from the W.N.W., so that
+we ran nearly in the direction of the rocks. At noon we were in
+28&deg; 44' S. Lat.; it began to blow hard from the N.W., so that
+in the afternoon we kept tacking off and on, and found ourselves
+carried northward by the current. In the evening we stood out to
+sea away from the rocks again, and sounded in 40 fathom foul
+rocky bottom; this shallow here extends seaward S.E. and N.W. In
+the evening it began to blow very hard, so that we had to run on
+with shortened mainsails, the wind being variable.</p>
+
+<p>On the 7th do. in the morning the wind abated, so that we made
+sail again; at noon we found our latitude to be 29&deg; 30'; we
+went over to northward to get sight of the mainland again, but
+the wind suddenly turned sharply to W.N.W., so that we had to
+stand out to sea again.</p>
+
+<p>On the 8th do. at noon we were in 29&deg; 7' S. Lat., course
+held N.E. In the evening we saw the breakers again. We therefore
+stood out to sea on a west-south-west course the whole night with
+a north-west-wind; and it began to blow so hard that we had again
+to take in the topsails.</p>
+
+<p>On the 9th do. in the morning we shaped our course to the land
+again; at noon we were in Lat. 29&deg; and for the rest of the
+day we kept tacking off and on; towards the evening there blew a
+storm from the N.W., so that we could hardly keep our main-sails
+set.</p>
+
+<p>On the 10th do. we made sail again in the morning; at noon we
+were in 29&deg; 30' S. Lat., with a westerly wind and a
+top-gallant gale.</p>
+
+<p>On the 11th do. it was calm in the morning, but with a very
+hollow sea, while the wind blew from the W.N.W., so that we could
+not get to the north, if we did not wish to come upon or near the
+rocks. At noon we were in 28&deg; 48' S. Lat. The wind continued
+variable, so that in the night we had to drift with our foresail
+set until daybreak.</p>
+
+<p>On the 12th do. we made sail again at daybreak, shaping our
+course to the east. We ran on till noon, when we found ourselves
+to be in in 28&deg; 13' S. Lat. We therefore ran somewhat more to
+the south again, in order to reach the latitude Of 28&deg; 20'
+exactly; the wind was south-west with a heavy swell of the sea.
+In the afternoon, two hours before sunset we again sighted the
+rocks, which we estimated to be still two miles from us. We cast
+the lead in 100 fathom fine sandy bottom, but when we had come to
+half a mile's distance, we sounded 30 fathom foul rocky bottom.
+In the night we shaped our course two points more to seaward, and
+in the daywatch made for the land again.</p>
+
+<p><a name="page60"></a>{Page 60}</p>
+
+<p>On the 13th do., three hours after sunrise we again sighted
+breakers ahead, and having made up our reckoning, we found we had
+lost a mile north, since the wind had been S.S.E. This proved to
+be the northernmost extremity of the <b>Abrolhos</b>. Therefore,
+since I found we always came too high or too low, and it was very
+dangerous to touch at them from the outside owing to the high
+swells and foul bottom, I resolved to keep tacking off the
+outermost shoal. After this we went over again nearly to
+weatherward with a S.S.E. wind, keeping an eastern course. When
+we had got inside a small distance, we directly had a fine sandy
+bottom in from 30 to 35 fathom; at noon we were in 28&deg; S.
+Lat., shortly after we again saw the mainland of the Southland.
+In the evening, as it began to blow hard, we came to anchor at
+about 2 miles' distance from the land in 30 fathom, fine
+bottom.</p>
+
+<p>On the 14th do. there was a stiff gale from the S.S.E., so
+that we could not get in our anchor, and remained here all
+day.</p>
+
+<p>On the 15th do. the wind was still equally strong, but towards
+noon it got somewhat calmer, so that we could get in our anchor.
+At noon we were in 27&deg; 54' S. Lat. We kept tacking the whole
+day with a S.S.E. wind, in order to gain the south, and at night
+found we had gained two miles. When it got dark, we again came to
+anchor in 30 fathom fine bottom.</p>
+
+<p>On the 16th do. at daybreak we again weighed anchor; the wind
+being W.S.W., we went over nearly to southward. At noon we were
+in Latitude...degrees...minutes [*]. The wind then turned first
+to the west and afterwards to the north, so that we could sail on
+a south-west course; towards the evening we saw the rocks on
+which our good ship Batavia had miscarried, and I was sure I saw
+the high Island, but our steersmen contended that it was other
+land. Two hours after sunset we again came to anchor in 26 fathom
+fine sandy bottom.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Left blank.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>On the 17th do. at daybreak we again weighed anchor with a
+northerly wind; we were now still about 2 miles from the high
+island and made for it. When at noon we had got near the island
+we saw smoke rising up from a long island, two miles to westward
+of the wreck, and also from another islet [*], close to the
+wreck, at which we were all of us greatly rejoiced, hoping to
+find the greater part [**] or almost all the people alive.
+Therefore, when we had come to anchor, I went in a boat to the
+highest island, which was quite close to us, taking with me a
+cask of water, a cask of bread, and a small keg of wine; when I
+had got there I did not see any one, at which we were greatly
+astonished. I sprang ashore...</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* This islet was named <b>Batavia's Kerkhof</b>
+[Churchyard] by the survivors; another of the rocks got the name
+of <b>Robben-eiland</b> [Seals' island].]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* This proved actually to be the case. I have
+thought it needless to print those parts of the journal which
+tell the adventures of the castaways, since they have repeatedly
+been narrated in other works.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>On the 15th [of November, 1629] the wind was S.S.W., with
+seemingly fine weather. Therefore, in the name of God, we weighed
+anchor and set sail from these luckless <b>Abrolhos</b> for the
+mainland on an East-north-east course, for the purpose of seeking
+there the skipper and four other men, who on the 14th last were
+with their boat cut off from ship by a storm, after which we had
+resolved to continue our return-voyage to Batavia with the utmost
+expedition. The spot where the ship or wreck lies, is in 28&deg;
+36' or 40', and the place near <b>the high Island</b> where we
+have been at anchor with the Yacht, in 30 or 32 minutes,
+north-north-west of the wreck. But after the shipwreck the
+steersmen had in one of the islands taken the latitude Of 28
+degrees 8 minutes, and 28 degrees 20 minutes, which mistake has
+caused no little loss of time and misunderstanding on our part in
+seeking out these places...</p>
+
+<p>{Page 61}</p>
+
+<p>The sea abounds in fish in these parts; they are mainly of
+three kinds, but very different in shape and taste from those
+caught on other coasts. All the islands about here are low-lying
+atolls or coral-islets and rocks, except two or three large
+islands, in one of which, a long time before we came here, they
+had found two pits filled with water, but during the time we were
+here, the water in these pits became very brackish or salt, so as
+to be unfit for human consumption. In the other island, near
+which the Yacht lay at anchor, after burning away the brushwood
+or thicket, we also came upon two pits filled with water, which
+were discovered quite by accident...since they had only a small
+hole at top, that would admit a man's arm, but below we found a
+large cistern or water-tank under the earth; after which with
+mattocks and sledge-hammers we widened the hole so as to be able
+to take out the water conveniently. Besides, we found in these
+islands large numbers of a species of cats, which are very
+strange creatures; they are about the size of a hare, their head
+resembling the head of a civet-cat; the forepaws are very short,
+about the length of a finger, on which the animal has five small
+nails or fingers, resembling those of a monkey's forepaw. Its two
+hind-legs, on the contrary, are upwards of half an ell in length,
+and it walks on these only, on the flat of the heavy part of the
+leg, so that it does not run fast. Its tail is very long, like
+that of a long-tailed monkey; if it eats, it sits on its
+hind-legs, and clutches its food with its forepaws, just like a
+squirrel or monkey. Their manner of generation or procreation is
+exceedingly strange and highly worth observing. Below the belly
+the female carries a pouch, into which you may put your hand;
+inside this pouch are her nipples, and we have found that the
+young ones grow up in this pouch with the nipples in their
+mouths. We have seen some young ones lying there, which were only
+the size of a bean, though at the same time perfectly
+proportioned, so that it seems certain that they grow there out
+of the nipples of the mammae, from which they draw their food,
+until they are grown up and are able to walk. Still, they keep
+creeping into the pouch even when they have become very large,
+and the dam runs off with them, when they are hunted.</p>
+
+<p>In these two islands we also found a number of grey
+turtle-doves, but no other animals. Nor is there any vegetation
+beyond brushwood, and little or no grass. This and what has
+hereinbefore been related is all that we have experienced and met
+with about these Abrolhos.</p>
+
+<p>We shall therefore now shape our course for <b>the mainland of
+the Southland</b>, to which we are navigating. About noon we were
+close inshore, running along the coast with small sail at about
+half a mile's distance from it, in order to see if we could not
+descry any men or signs of men, until the afternoon, when we saw
+a small column of smoke rise up from the higher land, but it soon
+vanished. Nevertheless we anchored there in 21 fathom fine sandy
+bottom, in order to look for the skipper with his men, but the
+smoke did not appear again, and no one showed on the beach, from
+which we concluded that the smoke had been made by the natives,
+who now did not venture to show themselves. As it blew very hard,
+we remained at anchor here for the night.</p>
+
+<p>On the 16th do. in the morning we weighed anchor again with a
+S.S.E. wind and a top-gallant gale. We again ran close along the
+land with small sail at about a howitzer's shot's distance from
+the surf. Towards noon we sighted the inlet which we had meant to
+run into on the 8th of June last, when we were seeking water with
+the pinnace, and {Page 62} where we were befallen by a
+storm from the north-west, which would certainly have sent us to
+destruction, if God had not miraculously saved us. Here we saw
+divers smoke-clouds rising up, which gladdened us all with the
+hope that our men might be there. I therefore sent the pinnace
+ashore directly for the purpose of getting certain information
+regarding the place and the clouds of smoke we had seen; the men
+in her, after rounding a steep point, where we had suspected the
+presence of water, discovered a running streamlet, of which the
+water was brackish near the sea, but quite fresh higher up; they
+also found a great many human footprints and continuous footpaths
+leading to the mountains, and saw numerous clouds of smoke, but
+the blacks kept themselves in concealment, and no human being was
+seen.</p>
+
+<p>Formerly, when we were sailing about here with the pinnace, we
+had also been close inshore, but did not then see any men or
+smoke-clouds at this place. Thinking this a fitting opportunity,
+I have here sent on shore the two condemned delinquents [*]
+Wouter Loos and Jan Pelgrom de By, of Bemmel, in a sampan
+provided with all necessaries. God grant that this punishment may
+ultimately redound to the service of the Company, and that the
+two delinquents may come off with their lives, so as to be able
+to give trustworthy information about these parts. This inlet is
+in <b>27&deg; 51'</b>. In the afternoon, seeing there was no hope
+or chance of finding the skipper, we made sail and shaped our
+course to north-west, two points off the land, because it began
+to blow hard, and in the evening we turned to
+west-north-west...[**].</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* They had been sentenced to being
+marooned.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* The ship returned to Batavia on the 5th of
+December.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="doc-24"></a>XXIV. (1635) [*].<br />
+FURTHER SURVEYINGS OF THE WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA BY THE SHIP
+AMSTERDAM UNDER COMMANDER WOLLEBRAND GELEYNSZOON DE JONGH AND
+SKIPPER PIETER DIRCKSZ, ON HER VOYAGE FROM THE NETHERLANDS TO THE
+EAST INDIES.</h3>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* In 1629 the west-coast of Australia in the
+neighbourhood of Dirk Hartogsz Roads was touched at by Dutch
+vessels, and in 1632 the Trialls were passed by Dutch ships on
+the outward voyage. What we know about these two points is of no
+interest as regards our subject.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Journal of Commander WOLLEBRAND GELEYNSZOON
+DE JONGH.</i> [*]</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* I know this journal only from what LEUPE extracts
+from it in his "Zuidland", pp. 62 ff. (the passages in question
+being given above), and from certain written notes from Leupe's
+hand. From the latter I have learned <i>inter alia</i>, the name
+of the skipper, the date of departure from the Texel (December
+26, 1634), and the date of arrival at Batavia (June 24,
+1635).]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>...[May 25] Last night when two glasses of the first watch
+were out, we got a slight breeze from the N.W., which gradually
+stiffened, so that there was a fair breeze at the latter end of
+this watch, which kept blowing through the night till the
+following forenoon, when the wind turned to W. by N. and W.N.W.
+with a squall of rain, it blowing a strong top-gallant gale until
+the evening, course kept E. by N. until one hour after daybreak
+when we sighted the <b>South-land</b>.</p>
+
+<p>We went over to port directly, keeping a N.E. and N.E. by E.
+course until noon, when we stood out to sea from the land, on a
+W. and W. by S. course with a top-gallant gale. We took the
+latitude, which we found to be 25&deg; 16' South, but of {Page
+63} this we are not quite sure; we were not able to take the
+sun's azimuth, either in the morning or in the evening; we sailed
+20 miles until we saw the land, from which we were at 4 or
+4&frac12; miles' distance by estimation, on an E. by N. course,
+and on various courses during the day, course N.N.E. for 6 or 7
+miles.</p>
+
+<p>We had made this land in 4 months and 20 days. We saw a good
+deal of rock-weed floating past our ship, and also a small
+Saturn-gull, and not above 6 or 7 other gulls; the swell ran
+strongly from the south-west and afterwards more from the south;
+along the land the sea was tolerably smooth.</p>
+
+<p>We adjusted our compasses at 4&deg; north-westerly variation.
+In the morning of the same day about two hours after sunrise,
+when prayers were over, we saw the south-land straight ahead to
+the great joy of all of us; it was east of us, at about 3 or 5
+miles' distance by estimation, when we got sight of it; it was a
+low-lying coast extending mainly N.N.E. and S.S.W. as given in
+the chart, so far as we could see. We immediately began to sail
+close-hauled to port on a N.E. and N.E. by E. course, sometimes a
+little higher and at other times a little lower, until three
+glasses in the afternoon had run out, when we got a squall of
+rain with the wind going over to W.N.W., upon which we ran north
+again, since at noon owing to the nearly contrary wind we had
+gone over to W. in order to keep off the land. We now shaped our
+course to north, at times to N. by W. nearly as high as we could
+sail and the wind would allow us.</p>
+
+<p>The land which we saw, and from which at noon we were at no
+more than 1&frac12; or two miles' distance by estimation, we
+judged to be the <b>land of d'Eendracht</b>, and the land which
+we were near to at noon <b>Dirck Hartochsz-Roads</b>, for we had
+before us a large bay or bight between two capes. In the bay we
+could see no land from the main-topmast, but so far as we could
+discern the surf ran through the whole bay from the one cape to
+the other.</p>
+
+<p>The land shows various white plots near the seaside, and in
+many places rises very steeply so far as we could see.</p>
+
+<p>The breakers on the coast were very strong, but there were no
+rocks or shallows near the coast on which we could see the surf
+break, except at the cape north of Dirck Hartochs Roads, off
+which there seemed to be a small shoal or rock on which the surf
+broke, but it may as well have been a landspit running southward
+out to sea from the cape.</p>
+
+<p>As soon as we got sight of the land, we cast the lead, and
+took soundings in 90 fathom whitish sandy bottom with small
+shells, at about 4&frac12; or 5 miles' distance from the land; in
+the middle of the forenoon we cast the lead again and touched the
+bottom in 75 fathom coarse and fine sand, mixed with small
+shells, at a little under 3 miles' distance from the land; we saw
+a good deal of rock-weed float alongside.</p>
+
+<p>At noon we sounded in 55 fathom, at about two miles' distance
+from the shore, straight in front of Dirck Hartochsz Roads,
+greyish sand.</p>
+
+<p><a name="page64"></a>{Page 64}</p>
+
+<p>About 2 o'clock in the afternoon we sounded in 50 fathom
+white, clean sand-bottom, with very small, thin shells, at about
+i&frac12; mile's distance by estimation from the northern
+extremity of Dirck Hartochsz. Roads, and two miles from the
+southern extremity of the road-stead just mentioned.</p>
+
+<p>Towards the evening after supper, we cast the lead and sounded
+in 50 fathom grayish sand-bottom, at about 2&frac12; miles'
+distance by estimation from the land, and about 3 miles to
+northward of Dirck Hartochsz Roads.</p>
+
+<p>At night when 4 glasses of the first watch were out, we cast
+the lead and sounded in 50 fathom grayish sand with small shells,
+estimating ourselves to be about 3 miles off the land, and about
+7 miles to northward of Dirck Hartochsz. Roads.</p>
+
+<p>At the latter end of the first watch when seven glasses were
+out, we cast the lead and touched the bottom in 48 fathom, but
+could not make out how far we were from the land (since it was
+night, and we could not see the coast), except from our course,
+by which we estimated the distance to be 4 miles.</p>
+
+<p>In the second watch when three glasses had run out, we cast
+the lead again and sounded in 47 fathom sandy bottom as before;
+we kept sounding every two or three glasses during the whole
+night until sunrise and found 80 fathom sandy bottom; we saw no
+land, but from our course and rate of progress we deemed
+ourselves to be at 9&frac12; miles' distance from the nearest
+land, estimating our latitude, from the observation we took on
+the 26th do. at noon, and from our rate of progress, to be
+24&deg; South. But we did not see any land again throughout the
+day, and left off sounding, since our skippers and steersmen,
+judging from their estimations and from the course we kept (being
+north, and two points off the land according to the trend of the
+coast), were of opinion that we could get no bottom, so that we
+thought it needless to go on sounding...</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="doc-25"></a>XXV. (1636).<br />
+NEW DISCOVERIES ON THE NORTH-COAST OF AUSTRALIA BY THE SHIPS
+KLEIN-AMSTERDAM AND WESEL, COMMANDED BY (GERRIT THOMASZOON POOL
+AND) PIETER PIETERSZOON.</h3>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Pool was killed on the South-west coast of New
+Guinea, April 28, 1636, and was succeeded in the command of the
+ships by Pieter Pieterszoon. Unlike my treatment of Carstensz's
+voyage in 1623, the present account will not embrace the further
+discovery of the South-west coast of New Guinea. I had to give
+the route followed along this coast in 1632 because it throws
+light on the expedition under Willem Jansz. in
+1605/6.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center"><b>A.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Instructions for Commander Gerrit Thomasz
+Pool and the Council of the Yachts Cleen Amsterdam and Wesel,
+destined for the discovery of the lands situated east of Banda,
+and furthermore of the South-land, thence extending to the
+South-west.</i></p>
+
+<p>Inasmuch as for a long time past the "Heeren Majores" have
+been very instantly recommending to us the discovery of the
+South-land, and still continue to do so, and we have frequently
+discussed the matter with...even before his departure, therefore
+it has been resolved and determined in the Council of India that
+you shall be employed with the Yachts Cleen Amsterdam and Wesel
+in the said discovery of the lands east of Banda and of the
+South-land extending to westward.</p>
+
+<p>You will set sail from Amboyna for Banda, in the name of God,
+With the said yachts Cleen Amsterdam and Wesel on the first of
+April next, and when you shall have arrived there, you will
+communicate these Orders and Instructions to the Lord Governor
+Acoley.</p>
+
+<p>Whom by these presents we enjoin to hand you in writing all
+such ampler information as during his residence at Banda His
+Worship shall have collected touching the {Page 65} lands
+and islands situated east of Banda, at the same time letting you
+know where and in what islands His Worship thinks some profit to
+be obtainable for the Company, or how massoye bark and fitting
+men may be got, which order will in that case have to be first
+executed.</p>
+
+<p>And in case you should obtain no additional information, we
+would have you set sail from Banda as speedily as possible for
+<b>Arnhems-</b> and <b>Speults land</b>, situated <b>between 9
+and 13 degrees Southern Latitude, discovered A.D. 1623</b>, as
+you will more fully see from the appended chart; these are the
+large lands; you will endeavour to ascertain what may be obtained
+from there, whether these lands are peopled, and what the natives
+subsist on.</p>
+
+<p>After touching at the said islands you will cross over in
+order to strike <b>the land of Nova Guinea likewise discovered
+A.D. 1623, by the Yachts Pera and Arnhem as far as 17&deg; 8'
+Southern Latitude</b>, which we surmise to be the South-land
+extending to westward from the said latitude as far as <b>26
+degrees or as far as the land of de Eendracht</b>.</p>
+
+<p>The men of the Yachts Pera and Arnhem have, as before
+mentioned, sailed along this coast from about 4 degrees to 17
+degrees 8 minutes, and have landed at various places, where they
+found nothing but barren coasts and lands, and utterly barbarian,
+cruel, wild natives, who surprised nine of our men fishing, and
+assassinated the same. The various strands, rivers, bays, points
+and the trend of this coast you will gather from the chart
+aforesaid.</p>
+
+<p>From the farthest point discovered, which as before mentioned,
+is in Lat. 17&deg; 8' South, you will skirt the coast as far as
+<b>Houtmans Abrolhos in 28 and 29 degrees</b>, and farther still,
+if your provisions hold out, if the condition of your crews will
+allow of it, and if your Yachts are proof against the rough seas
+that prevail in the Southern Ocean in 33 and 34 degrees; after
+which you will return to Batavia through Sunda Strait, trying in
+passing to touch at the <b>Trials</b>, that further information
+about this rock and its situation may in this way be
+obtained.</p>
+
+<p>In sailing along the coast you will have all bays and inlets
+you may meet with, diligently examined, and keep a sharp look-out
+for the discovery of channels or openings that might afford a
+passage into the South Sea, since we surmise that such passage
+must be looked for to northward rather than to southward,
+considering the breadth of the South-land between 28 and 32 or 33
+degrees.</p>
+
+<p>In case you should discover channels leading to the South Sea,
+or should find the South-land to consist of islands, you will
+endeavour to pass through or between the same, diligently
+observing the mouths and outlets, and then returning again
+through the same passage in order to proceed with your discovery
+along the north-side.</p>
+
+<p>In landing with small craft you will use great circumspection,
+and your treatment of the natives that should allow you to come
+to parley, must and ought to be marked by great kindness, wary
+caution, and skilful judgment; slight misdemeanours on the part
+of such natives, such as petty thefts and the like, which they
+should commit against you, you will suffer to pass unnoticed,
+that by so doing you may draw them unto you, and not inspire them
+with aversion to our nation. Whoever endeavours to discover
+unknown lands and tribes, had need to be patient and
+long-suffering, noways quick to fly out, but always bent on
+ingratiating himself.</p>
+
+<p>We have put on board your ships various kinds of merchandise
+and minerals, which you will show to the people whom you should
+come to parley with, partly that by so doing you may come to know
+whether any of these goods are produced by their country, partly
+in order to see what desire and inclination they evince to our
+mercantile commodities, and what goods they might be ready to
+offer in exchange for the same.</p>
+
+<p><a name="page66"></a>{Page 66}</p>
+
+<p>Close attention should be paid to the disposition of the
+people, their character, condition and humours; to the religion
+they profess and to their manner of government; their wars, their
+arms and weapons; the food they eat and the clothes they wear,
+and what they mainly subsist on.</p>
+
+<p>Careful observation should be made, and exact records kept, of
+the winds and currents, the rains and tides etc. which you shall
+meet with in this your intended voyage.</p>
+
+<p>You will make due observation also of all lands, islands,
+strands, rivers, bays, points, rocks, reefs, cliffs, shallows and
+whatever else appertains to the same; of all which you will have
+accurate surveyings made, showing the true bearings, longitude
+and latitude, in accordance with the circumstances under which
+you shall get sight and knowledge of the same.</p>
+
+<p>For this purpose availing yourselves of the services of
+Subcargo <b>Pieter Pietersen</b>...</p>
+
+<p>You will not carry off with you any natives against their
+will, but if a small number of them should be found willing to
+come hither of their own accord, you will grant them
+passage...</p>
+
+<p>Commander Francisco Pelsert, having A.D. 1629 put ashore there
+two Dutch delinquents, who had in due form of justice been
+sentenced to forfeit their lives [*], you will grant passage to
+the said persons, if they should be alive to show themselves, and
+should request you to be brought hither.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See <i>ante</i>, p. 62.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>It would be a thing highly desirable for ships bound from the
+Netherlands to India, if on the coast of the South-land between
+26 and 28 degrees a fitting place for obtaining refreshments and
+fresh water could be discovered, seeing that mainly about that
+latitude scorbut and other disorders begin to show themselves, at
+times carrying off numbers of men even before they reach
+Batavia.</p>
+
+<p>Finally, as hereinbefore mentioned, we shall expect you back
+here through Sunda Strait, if no obstacles come in your way to
+prevent this, and if the land is found to extend in one unbroken
+coast~line, as we surmise it to do, of which your experience will
+be our teacher.</p>
+
+<p>It should furthermore be noted that we are convinced that the
+west-coast of Nova Guinea, or the land discovered as far as Lat.
+17&deg; 8' South by the Yachts Pera and Arnhem, forms one whole
+with the South-land, a point which in drawing up these
+Instructions we have taken for granted.</p>
+
+<p>Therefore, if you should find the contrary to be the case, a
+matter of which we will by no means deny the possibility, and if
+the South-land should by you be found to be an island, you will
+sail southward along the coast of Nova Guinea, as far as the 32nd
+degree S.L., and thence on a westerly course touch at the eastern
+extremity of <b>the South-land, which in January 1627 was
+discovered by the ship t'Zeepaart</b>. When you shall have made
+the South-land on this course, you will run one degree more to
+southward near the islands of <b>St. Pieter and
+François</b>, that by so doing you may obtain full
+certainty that from that point the coast-line trends to westward.
+After which you will run northward again, skirting the Southland,
+past <b>de Witsland</b>, as far as Houtman's shoal and
+furthermore to 33 or 34 degrees, if wind and weather shall
+permit, returning thence to Batavia, as hereinbefore
+mentioned.</p>
+
+<p>{Page 67}</p>
+
+<p>In conclusion, we wish you all the blessin of the Lord, a
+prosperous voyage and safe return, hoping at the same time that
+this voyage may redound to the advantage of the Company, to the
+glory of our country, and to your especial honour. Amen.</p>
+
+<p>Done in the Castle of Batavia, this 19th of February, A.D.
+1636.<br />
+(Signed)<br />
+ANTHONIO VAN DIEMEN, PHILIP LUCASZ, ARTUS GYSELS and JAN VAN DER
+BURCH.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>B.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Daily Register of Batavia.</i></p>
+
+<p>October 1636.</p>
+
+<p>The 6th do.</p>
+
+<p>This day in the afternoon there arrived here from Amboyna the
+Yacht Cleyn Wesel, having on board the subcargo <b>Pieter
+Pietersen</b>, who...after the lamentable assassination of
+Commander Gerrit Thomasz Pool on the coast of Nova Guinea, had
+succeeded to the latter's office, and with the Yachts <b>Cleen
+Amsterdam</b> and <b>Wesel</b> had returned to Amboyna by way of
+Banda, reporting in substance as follows, both by word of mouth
+and by the journal kept during the voyage and the Resolutions
+duly registered, touching what happened in the course of the
+expedition, to wit...</p>
+
+<p>On the 6th of June [they came to anchor] before the native
+village of Taranga at the south-western extremity of Arouw, in
+order...to provide themselves with certain necessaries...</p>
+
+<p>On the 9th of June, being duly revictualled, he had set sail
+again from the said native village of Taranga, shaping his course
+to southward in order to endeavour to get to eastward by some
+means or other, so as to accomplish his ordained voyage; but when
+he had got to southward as far as the 11th degree of latitude, he
+had not only found and met with the east- and south-east-winds
+blowing constantly with great vehemence and hollow seas, but had
+also come upon a new land; in such fashion that, seeing no chance
+of getting to eastward for the accomplishment of his voyage,
+since such voyage will have to take place in the beginning of the
+western monsoon, he resolved with his council to give up further
+investigations to eastward, to explore and survey the situation
+of <b>the newly discovered Van Diemensland, also called Arnhems
+or Speultsland</b>, and, having gathered the required
+information, to run northward again for the purpose of obtaining
+perfect knowledge of the islands of Timor and Tenember; and all
+this having been duly effected, to return to Banda etc.</p>
+
+<p>In conformity with this resolution the said Pieter Pietersen
+has surveyed the newly discovered land for the space Of 20 miles
+from East to West; he has seen many fires and frequent clouds of
+smoke, but no natives, houses, prows or fruit-trees, although he
+has paddled close along the shore with an orangbay, and gone
+ashore in sundry places, finding the land wild and barren;
+wherefore, not having been able to come to parley with any of the
+inhabitants, on the 20th of June, as previously resolved upon, he
+ran to the north from a certain <b>Red point</b> jutting out into
+the sea to northward, where the land falls off abruptly to the
+west, for the purpose of making the islands of Timor and
+Tenember...</p>
+
+<p>{Page 68}</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>C.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Journal of the voyage to Nova Guinea,
+1636.</i></p>
+
+<p>...In the early morning of Friday [June 6]...we arrived before
+the native village of Taranga...</p>
+
+<p>On Monday the 9th do. At daybreak the wind was S.E...we set
+sail from Taranga...shaping our course to the S.S.W.</p>
+
+<p>We could take no latitude at noon...</p>
+
+<p>In the first watch we sailed S.S.W. the space of about 3
+glasses; the wind was S.E. with a fair breeze, and afterwards
+E.S.E.; we sailed to southward for the time of 12 glasses; at the
+beginning of the day-watch the wind was E.N.E. with a fresh
+breeze; we sailed S.E. for about eight glasses...</p>
+
+<p>On Tuesday the 10th do. In the morning about breakfast-time
+the wind blew from the E.N.E. as before...</p>
+
+<p>We estimated ourselves to have sailed 9&frac12; miles on a
+generally Southern course from last night to the present
+night.</p>
+
+<p>On Wednesday the 11th do. Course held S.S.E...We had sailed on
+a Southern and S. by E. course about 11 miles by estimation
+during the last 24 hours...</p>
+
+<p>On Thursday the 12th do. The wind E.S.E. as before...At noon
+we were in Lat. 10&deg; 2', so that I find we are farther to
+southward as would accord with our estimation and our courses
+kept, on which account I believe the current must have driven us
+a good deal to S.S.E.. In the afternoon the sky was overcast, the
+wind E.S.E. and S.E. by E. with a light breeze; we sailed to S.
+by W. with our mainsails set. Towards the evening the water
+became all of a sudden very smooth and of a pale colour; after
+sunset we cast the lead in 40 fathom good anchoring ground, fine
+sand, but could see no land: we took in our foresail and sailed
+in the night with the mainsail only to avoid press of sail. We
+estimated ourselves to have sailed about 12 miles on a general
+S.W. by S. course during the last 24 hours. In the night the wind
+was E. by S., E.S.E. and S.E. by E. with fine, lovely, clear
+weather and a top-gallant gale; throughout the night our average
+course was S., we cast the lead now and then in 42, 39, 38, 36
+and 25 fathom good anchoring-ground.</p>
+
+<p>On Friday the 13th do., the wind was nearly S.E., with a
+top-gallant gale and smooth water; course S.S.W. and S. by W.;
+the water was very pale in colour, but we could see no land; the
+weather was lovely and clear; at noon we found ourselves to be in
+10&deg; 50' S.L.</p>
+
+<p>Shortly after noon we cast the lead in 32 fathom good
+anchoring-ground; at four glasses in the afternoon we saw the
+<b>land</b> S.E. by S. of us, at about 6 miles' distance from us
+it was a low-lying coast with small hills; about 6 miles farther
+to westward we also saw land, not connected with the first land,
+but upwards of three miles distant from the same.</p>
+
+<p>Towards the evening it fell a calm; at sunset there was a
+faint breeze from the S.S.E.; we made out the extremity of the
+land to be at about 3 miles' distance S.E. by S. of us; we were
+still in 32 fathom good anchoring-ground; we accordingly went
+over to eastward, but when shortly before the setting of the
+watch, the wind went down still more and began to turn to the
+N.W., we dropped anchor in 29 fathom good anchoring-ground.</p>
+
+<p>{Page 69}</p>
+
+<p>On Saturday the 14th do. the current began to set to the S.E.
+in the morning, and the wind to blow hard from the E.S.E., so
+that we could not carry mainsails then; we weighed anchor and set
+sail on a South and South-by-east course. The water gradually
+shallowed, and seeing that we could not make the easternmost
+land, we ran to the westernmost, where we came to anchor at about
+a musket-shot's distance from the land in 10 fathom good
+anchoring-ground. Close along the shore the land is somewhat rock
+and reefy here; this land extends here about 3 miles S.E. by S.
+and N.W. by N., both slightly more to South and North. In the
+afternoon we sent out our small boat to take soundings close
+inshore; on returning the men reported that until they came to
+the reefs they had found no less than 3&frac12; fathom good
+anchoring-ground. Off the point near which we lay at anchor, a
+river ran landinward; we hoisted the white flag, and caused the
+little boat to paddle close along the shore. We saw smoke,
+indeed, in many parts of the inland, but no natives, houses or
+vessels. This land is not high, chiefly level, thickly covered
+with trees, and with a sandy beach at the seaside. We had taken
+no latitude at noon; the tide seems to run from the N.W. here; in
+the night at the latter end of the first watch we could take the
+latitude by the stars and found it to be <b>12&deg; 8'
+South</b>.</p>
+
+<p>On Sunday the 15th do. at daybreak the wind blew hard from the
+E.S.E.; it was mainsail weather; we convened the Plenary Council
+and resolved with the same further to explore this land to the
+north-west and to use all possible diligence to get knowledge
+touching the island of Timor, as will be found more amply set
+forth in this day's Resolution.</p>
+
+<p>As we were weighing our anchor, a lanyard and a pulley got
+broken; we shaped our course to N.W. by N. and N.N.W. Having
+sailed the space of about 2 miles, we came to a point, between
+which point and another point, a distance of about 4 miles, the
+land extends W.N.W. and E.S.E. with hardly any curve, and with
+rocks and reefs along the shore. Off this point the surf and the
+breakers ran very strongly, as if there were a shoal there,
+seeing that the wind and the current were opposed to each other.
+We therefore sailed along the coast at less than a mile's
+distance from the same in 12, 11 and 10 fathom good
+anchoring-ground. In many places we saw great clouds of smoke
+landinward, but no fruit-trees, houses, vessels or natives; the
+land seems to be quite wild. Towards the evening we cast anchor
+in 9 fathom good anchoring-ground at about half a cannonshot's
+distance from the land; the aforesaid point was E. by N. of us at
+upwards of half a mile's distance; during the night we had
+violent squalls from the E.S.E. with a thick, foggy sky;
+landinward we observed a number of fires.</p>
+
+<p>On Monday the 16th do. in the early morning the wind blew from
+the E.S.E. as before with sudden violent squalls. As we were
+weighing our anchor, the lanyard-pulley broke, and shortly after
+our anchor-cable snapped off at about three fathom's distance
+from the anchor, so that we lost the latter. As we were setting
+our foresail, a musket-shot was fired from the Yacht Wesel, upon
+which we dropped our other anchor again; when towards the evening
+the weather had somewhat improved, we sent our orangbay to the
+Wesel, to learn the meaning of the musket-shot; when the men
+returned, they informed us that the Wesel had also lost an
+anchor, but that the buoyrope had remained entire, so that we
+remained here till the following day in order to recover the
+same.</p>
+
+<p>On Tuesday the 17th do. towards noon we were informed that the
+buoy-rope of the Wesel had broken of its own accord close to the
+anchor, so that they had also lost their anchor, upon which
+forthwith weighing the anchors of both the Yachts, we found that
+the cables had also been damaged through rubbing against hidden
+stones and rocks.</p>
+
+<p>{Page 70}</p>
+
+<p>As beforementioned, the coast here extends W.S.W. for the
+space of about 4 miles, with hardly any curve; at 3/8 of a mile's
+distance from the land there is already 8 and 7 fathom, good
+clayey bottom; the wind still blew from the S.E. and E.S.E. with
+a steady stiff gale; towards the evening we came to anchor in 7
+fathom good anchoring-ground, at about half a mile's distance
+from the land, having the point E.S.E. of us at less than a
+mile's distance.</p>
+
+<p>Up to now we have seen no men, vessels or houses; we should
+certainly have landed with the boats here and there, but that
+they were both of them stove in, and had first to be thoroughly
+overhauled before they could be used. During the night the
+weather was lovely and calm.</p>
+
+<p>On Wednesday the 18th do., the wind blowing from the E.S.E.,
+the weather was calmer, fairer and steadier than before. We gave
+a coat of tar to both our yachts, and remained at anchor the
+whole of this day, chiefly in order to see if we could not get
+sight of natives here or there and come to parley with the same,
+but we waited in vain for them. During the night the weather was
+bright, fair and clear, the wind blowing from the S.S.E., S.E.,
+and E.S.E.</p>
+
+<p>On Thursday the 19th do. at daybreak, the wind being E.S.E.
+with fair weather and a weak breeze, we weighed anchor and shaped
+our course to W.S.W., slightly more to westward. (The land here
+extends with a great curve and river as far as the <b>Witte
+Hoeck</b> [White point], known by the white sand-hill near the
+strand when you come from the east).</p>
+
+<p>At 4 glasses after breakfast we came near a stony, rocky reef,
+which we kept outside or to seaward of in 8 and 9 fathom. The
+eastern extremity of it is less than a mile to the S.W., slightly
+more southerly, of the Witte Hoeck, and the western extremity
+upwards of mile to the S.W. by S., slightly more southerly, of
+the same; the reef extends S.E. by S. and N.W. by N.; it is not
+very long or broad, and there were violent breakers upon it.</p>
+
+<p>When we had weathered the reef, we again ran W.S.W. at less
+than a mile's distance from the land, in 8, 9, 7 and 5 fathom
+good anchoring-ground. From the Witte Hoeck the land trends
+nearly to W.S.W. with a slight curve, as far as one can see;
+close to the sea the beach is chiefly sandy, with small, low
+sand-hills here and there.</p>
+
+<p>The whole day we saw a good deal of smoke landinward; at noon
+we were in <b>exactly 11&deg; S.L.</b> From this Witte Hoeck the
+land trends to W.S.W., slightly westerly, with a slight curve for
+the space of upwards of 3 miles; from there to W.N.W. with a
+strong curve the space of upwards of two miles, as far as a
+point, off which point, at less than half a mile's distance to
+N.E. by E., there is a small island on all sides surrounded by
+shoals and reefs; beyond this island the land falls off to the
+S.W., making a curve of 2 miles at least but afterwards it trends
+to the N.W. again. This island bears from the land about N.W. and
+S.E.; the beach is sandy with reefs here, and there.</p>
+
+<p>At sunset it fell a calm, and we came to anchor in 8 fathom
+good anchoring-ground at about a mile's distance from the land,
+having the island S.S.E. of us at upwards of a mile's distance.
+Shortly after we saw two fires on the beach beyond the island. We
+estimated ourselves to have sailed about 8 miles this day; during
+the night the wind blew from the S. and S.S.W. with lovely
+weather. We found little or no current running here.</p>
+
+<p>{Page 71}</p>
+
+<p>On Friday the 20th do. we set sail at daybreak with a weak
+breeze from the S.; we kept mainly at a mile's distance from the
+land in 7 and 7&frac12; fathom good anchoring-ground. In the
+course of the day the wind went over to N.E., after which we ran
+N.W.; at noon we got near the <b>Roode Hoeck</b> [red point],
+situated N.W. of the island aforesaid at about 5 miles' distance;
+upwards of half a mile's distance from here the land falls off to
+W. by W.; from this point a large reef was seen running out to
+sea the length of upwards of 1&frac12; mile, which reef being
+unable to weather because we sailed so close to the wind, we came
+to anchor in 7&frac12; fathom good anchoring-ground, at half a
+mile's distance from the land; the Roode Hoeck was S.W. and S.W.
+by S. of us at upwards of half a mile's distance; we saw smoke
+rising in various places.</p>
+
+<p>On Saturday the 21st do. we set sail with a S.S.E. and S.E. by
+S. wind, a weak breeze and lovely weather. Here, from the point,
+the land extended to S. by W. and S.S.W. as far as one could see,
+with a slight curve only. The reef above referred to runs out to
+sea in a northward direction from the Roode Hoeck upwards of two
+miles, and from there very far to westward, upwards of 1&frac12;
+mile from the land. It consists of sandy shoals, having a small
+hill or rock above water; alongside it the depth was 7, 6, 5 and
+4 fathom, uneven bottom. And since the wind blew from the S.E. by
+S. as before, so that we could not make the land again, we
+resolved to run N.E. We accordingly shaped our course to the
+N.N.E. for the purpose of touching at Timor with the help of
+Almighty God, and take surveyings of the same.</p>
+
+<p>In or near this land, which in our chart [*] we have named
+<b>Van Diemensland</b>, we have seen no men, houses, fruit-trees
+or prows, although we ventured to inspect it paddling with our
+orangbay close along the shore; the boats of both the yachts
+being unfit for use, stove in, and under repair. About 2 glasses
+after noon, the wind was N.E., N.N.E., and N.E. by N. with calm
+and steady weather. At sunset we estimated ourselves to have the
+Roode Hoeck S.S.E. of us at 6 miles' distance; during the night
+there was a weak breeze from the E.S.E., N.E. by E. and also
+N.E.; course held N.N.W., N. by W. and also N., with bright,
+lovely and clear weather.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* This chart is wanting.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>On Sunday the 22nd do. in the morning the wind was E.S.E. with
+a lovely breeze and top-gallant weather; course held N.E. At noon
+we took the latitude and found it to be 10&deg; 10'
+South...[*]</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* The further progress of the voyage has no interest
+connected with our present subject.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<hr />
+<p><a name="page72"></a>{Page 72}</p>
+
+<h3><a name="doc-26"></a>XXVI. (1642-1643).<br />
+DISCOVERY OF TASMANIA (VAN DIEMENS LAND), NEW ZEALAND
+(STATENLAND), ISLANDS OF THE TONGA AND FIJI GROUPS, ETC. BY THE
+SHIPS HEEMSKERK AND DE ZEEHAEN UNDER THE COMMAND OF ABEL JANSZOON
+TASMAN, FRANS JACOBSZOON VISSCHER, YDE TJERKSZOON HOLMAN OR
+HOLLEMAN, AND GERRIT JANSZ(OON).</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><i>See</i> <b>Frederik Muller and Co's</b>
+<i>Tasman Folio.</i></p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="doc-27"></a>XXVII. (1644).<br />
+FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE GULF OF CARPENTARIA, THE NORTH- AND
+NORTH-WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA BY THE SHIPS LIMMEN, ZEE MEEUW AND
+DE BRACQ UNDER THE COMMAND OF TASMAN, VISSCHER, DIRK CORNELISZOON
+HAEN AND JASPER JANSZOON KOOS.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><b>A.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>See</i> <b>Frederik Muller and Co's</b>
+<i>Tasman Folio.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>B.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Letter of the Governor-General and
+Councillors to the Governor of Banda, November 29, 1644.</i></p>
+
+<p>...We shall not recount here how...Tasman had coasted along
+the land of Nova Guinea and the South-land without finding any
+channel or opening up to Willems River, from where he has
+returned hither through Sunda Strait, but would refer Your
+Worship to the annexed extract from their journals, which we
+request you to peruse with attention, and to order...Dortsman [*]
+or any other person whom you shall charge with the voyage to
+Timorlaut, in case their plans touching these islands should
+succeed speedily and prosperously, and they should still have
+time at their disposal, to make for the great river which our men
+have christened <b>Waterplaets, in 12 degrees Southern Latitude
+and 160&frac14; degrees Longitude</b>, to sail up the same river
+landinward, in which there is the less difficulty, since the
+river, being deep and wide, can be sailed up by the yacht, which
+can conveniently turn, veer and tack in it...</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Adriaan Dortsman had been ordered on a voyage of
+discovery east and south of Banda. This voyage took place in 1645
+and 1646, but Australia was not visited on that
+occasion.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<hr />
+<p>{Page 73}</p>
+
+<h3><a name="doc-28"></a>XXVIII. (1648).<br />
+EXPLORATORY VOYAGE TO THE WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA ROUND BY THE
+SOUTH OF JAVA, BY THE SHIP LEEUWERIK, COMMANDED BY JAN JANSZOON
+ZEEUW.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><b>A.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>A.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Instructions for the officers of the Yacht
+den Leeuwerik...June 27, 1648.</i></p>
+
+<p>Having learned by the ships last arrived here from Banda, what
+poor rice-crops they had in those quarters last year, so that,
+had not they received some timely supplies of this grain from
+Amboyna, they would have been put to exceeding inconvenience; and
+having besides seen from the letter of Governor Cornelis Willemse
+van Outhoorn that also this year they are under serious
+apprehensions of the like scarcity, in case supplies from Batavia
+should be long in coming.</p>
+
+<p>Therefore we have lately resolved in our Council to make an
+express shipment thither at this time of year...chiefly and
+principally that, if this voyage should have the expected
+success, which may the Almighty grant in His mercy, we may in
+future be sure that such voyage could be made every year after
+the arrival of the first ships from there, and the said important
+Government be by us duly assisted...as regards rice and other
+necessaries.</p>
+
+<p>This Yacht, which we consider to be of strong build and a good
+sailer, having by us been assigned for this purpose...you will
+weigh anchor in the name of God early to-morrow, set sail, and
+use your utmost endeavours to get clear of Sunda Strait as soon
+as possible, and thus gain the open...</p>
+
+<p>As soon as you shall have got clear of the Prince
+islands...you will from there shape your course directly to the
+south, straight across the sea, thus sailing by the wind without
+looking right or left, until you shall have come to 32 or 33
+degrees S.L., where with the help of God you will meet with the
+westerly trade-winds; and when you are quite sure of having got
+the same, without the least doubt on your part, you will direct
+your course to the South-land, trying to make it and get it
+alongside in 25 or 26 degrees Southern Latitude, where the coast
+is generally of easy access, the land being of moderate height
+and somewhat resembling the coast of England.</p>
+
+<p>Having reached the South-land in such fashion as we have just
+indicated, you will keep the coast alongside, and not leave the
+same, but use your best endeavours to skirt it, not parting with
+it until you have weathered the <b>Vuylen hoecq</b> (Foul Point);
+after which you may leave the coast, and cross over from there,
+next using the easterly and south-easterly winds which you will
+meet with in those waters, for running in sight of the islands of
+Arou, Tenember and Damme or any of these, and then making
+straight for Banda with the utmost expedition, which port you
+will with God's help conveniently reach in the manner
+hereinbefore described.</p>
+
+<p>As we have already said, the accomplishment of this voyage at
+this season of the year (in which only strong headwinds are
+blowing along the ordinary route to Banda and other quarters
+nearer home) is of very great importance to the Honourable
+Company...</p>
+
+<p>We herewith hand you a new chart of the South-land, which you
+may avail yourselves of in due time, and we noways doubt you will
+find the same of great use to {Page 74} you, of which we
+hope afterwards to receive your report. Seeing that the waters
+you are going to navigate are for the greater part little known
+as yet, and that accordingly many noteworthy things are not
+unlikely to occur in your voyage, we hereby likewise earnestly
+enjoin you, not only to keep a complete and elaborate journal of
+this voyage, but also to make due observation of the direction of
+the winds, the trend of the coasts, the situation of bays, inlets
+and capes, and properly to note and make drawings of the same,
+that on your return you may be able to hand us a full and perfect
+report of the whole undertaking, thus furnishing fresh material
+for the correction of the charts now in use, and perhaps also of
+the courses to be kept...</p>
+
+<p>Given in the Castle of Batavia, June 27, A.D. 1648.</p>
+
+<p>(Signed) CORNELIS VAN DER LIJN, FRAN&Ccedil;OIS CARON, CAREL
+RENIERSZ, JOCHUM R. VAN DEUTECOM, and GERARD DEMMER.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>B.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Letter of the G.-G. and Councillors to the
+Managers of the E.I.C., January 18, 1649.</i></p>
+
+<p>...[We have dispatched to Banda] the yacht <b>den
+Leeuwerck</b> on the 28th of June of last year...through Sunda
+Strait, in order, if possible, to make the voyage to Banda along
+this route north of the South-land. Which undertaking has
+succeeded to our complete satisfaction but especially to the
+great joy of our Banda people, for which the Almighty be
+praised...since this success is undoubtedly of great advantage
+to the General Company, and makes it quite sure that in cases of
+shipwreck or other accidents we shall always be able to send
+succour and supplies to Banda and the quarters on this side of it
+along this newly discovered route...which, on receipt of the
+first advices in May next, may be done by the route
+abovementioned along the South-land. How this voyage was
+undertaken and successfully accomplished as far as Banda in the
+space of two months and 23 days, your Worships may be pleased to
+gather from the annexed daily journal and Chart [*] of Skipper
+<b>Jan Jansz Zeeuw</b>.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Journal and chart are both of them
+wanting.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Written in Your Worships' Castle of Batavia, this 18th of
+January, A.D. 1649.</p>
+
+<p>Your Worships' faithful servants the Governor-General and
+Councillors of India:</p>
+
+<p>CORNELIS VAN DER LIJN, F. CARON, CAREL REINIERS, J. P. VAN
+DUTECUM, GERARD DEMMER.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>{Page 75}</p>
+
+<h3><a name="doc-29"></a>XXIX. (1656-1658).<br />
+SHIPWRECK OF THE GULDEN OR VERGULDEN DRAAK ON THE WEST-COAST OF
+AUSTRALIA, 1656.--ATTEMPTS TO RESCUE THE SURVIVORS,
+1656-1658.--FURTHER SURVEYINGS OF THE WEST-COAST BY THE SHIP DE
+WAKENDE BOEI, COMMANDED BY SAMUEL VOLCKERTS(ZOON), AND BY THE
+SHIP EMELOORD, COMMANDED BY AUCKE PIETERSZOON JONCK, 1658.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><b>A.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Letter of the G.-G. and Counc. to the
+Managers of the E.I.C, December 4, 1656.</i></p>
+
+<p>...On the 7th June there arrived here...from the South-land
+the cock-boat of the yacht den Vergulden Draeck with 7 men, to
+our great regret reporting that the said yacht had run aground on
+the said South-land in 30 2/3 degrees, on April the 28th, that
+besides the loss of her cargo, of which nothing was saved, 118
+men of her crew had perished, and that 69 men who had succeeded
+in getting ashore, were still left there. For the purpose of
+rescuing these men, and of attempting to get back by divers or
+other means any part of the money or the merchandises that might
+still be recoverable, we dispatched thither on the said errand on
+the 8th of the said month of June [*], the flute de Witte Valeq,
+together with the yacht de Goede Hoop, which after staying away
+for some time were by violent storms forced to return without
+having effected anything, and without having seen any men or any
+signs of the wreck, although the said Goede Hoop has been on the
+very spot where the ship was said to have miscarried...[**]</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* The day following that on which the report
+regarding the Vergulde Draak had reached Batavia.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[** Some of the men of the Goede Hoop had gone
+ashore, but had not returned.--The Witte Valk had touched at the
+Southland, but by "bad weather and the hollow sea" had been
+compelled to return without having effected
+anything.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>In the Castle of Batavia, December 4, A.D. 1656.<br />
+Your Worships' Obedt. Servts. the Governor-General and
+Councillors of India<br />
+JOAN MAETSUYKER, CAREL HARTZINCK, JOAN CUNAEUS, NICOLAES
+VERBURCH, D. STEUR.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>B.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Daily Register of Batavia, 1657.</i></p>
+
+<p>[July] the 8th. Late in the evening there arrived in the
+road-stead here, and came to anchor, the small flute de Vinck of
+the Zealand Chamber, which had sailed [from the Netherlands] on
+December 24, 1656...she came hither via the Cape of Good Hope and
+the South-land...</p>
+
+<p>The skipper further reports that, according to the order and
+instructions handed him by Commander [*] Riebeeck, he had touched
+at the South-land, but it being the bad monsoon on the said
+coast, they had found it impossible to sail along the coast so
+far {Page 76} as to look after the wreck and the men of
+the lost ship den Draeck; for in the night of June 8 (having the
+previous day seen all signs of land, and the weather being very
+favourable) they had come to anchor in 29&deg; 7' S.L., and the
+estimated Longitude of 130&deg; 43', in 25 fathom coarse sandy
+bottom mixed with coral; the following morning at daybreak they
+saw the breakers on the reef at the end of which they were lying
+at anchor, and on one side ahead of them, the South-land, which
+there showed as a low-lying coast with dunes; upon which they
+weighed anchor and continued sailing along the coast in order to
+keep near the land, which was still in sight the day following;
+but the weather began to become so much worse and the breakers on
+the coast were so violent, that it was a fearful sight to behold,
+upon which they shaped their course a little more to seaward. On
+the 10th and 11th they kept sailing along the coast in 40 or 50
+fathom, but seeing their chances of touching at the coast this
+time get less and less, and the weather continuing very unruly
+with violent storms of thunder and lightning, they resolved to
+keep off the coast, and drifted on without sail. On the 12th they
+made small sail, the wind continuing to blow from the S. and
+S.S.W., and also from the S.S.E., and shaped their course for
+Batavia...</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Of the Cape of Good Hope.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center"><b>C.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Letter of the G.-G. and Counc. to the
+Managers of the E. I. C., December 14, 1658.</i></p>
+
+<p>...By our previous letters we informed Your Worships that on
+the first of January last we dispatched from here to
+the...Southland the galiots <b>De Waeckende Boeij</b> and
+<b>Emeloort</b>, for the purpose of making search for the crew of
+the lost ship de Vergulden Draecq, and of ascertaining whether
+they were still alive. The said ships returned to this place on
+the 19th of April following, after exploring the coast about the
+place of the disaster each of them for herself, since they had
+got separated; having in different places sent manned boats
+ashore, and fired many cannon shots time after time both by day
+and night, without, however, discovering any Netherlanders or any
+traces of the wreck, excepting a few planks [etc.]...which must
+undoubtedly be looked upon as remnants of the said ship...We
+herewith hand you the journals of the galiots [*]
+aforesaid...together with the small charts of the coast drawn up
+on board each of them[**]...</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See D and H <i>infra</i>]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See E, F and I <i>infra</i>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Written in Your Worships' Castle of Batavia, December 14,
+1658.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>JOAN MAETSUYKER, CAREL HARTSINCK, A.D. V. v. OULDTSHOORN, N.
+VERBURCH, D. STEUR, PIETER STERTHEMIUS.</p>
+
+<p>{Page 77}</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>D.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Daily Journal kept by skipper SAMUEL
+VOLKERSENN on board the flute de Waeckende Boeij, sailing in the
+same from Battavia to the Southland. A.D. 1658 [*].</i></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* On December 21, 1657 the G.-G. and Counc. resolved
+to dispatch to the South-land the ships de Wakende Boei and
+Emeloord, for the purpose of making another attempt at rescuing
+what might still be rescued of the men, the cargo, etc. of the
+Vergulde Draak; "and also to get perfect knowledge, once for all,
+of the situation and trend of the said coast, with its shoals,
+reefs and shallows." The journals of the skippers of both vessels
+are preserved in the Hague State Archives. After mature
+consideration I have deemed it needless to print the said
+journals here, seeing that MAJOR, Terra Australis, refers to them
+on pp. 77-90, and gives the substance of the information
+contained in them (LEUPE, Zuidland, pp. 105 ff. has printed
+certain parts of the two journals). But above all, the charts
+made on this expedition, which are here carefully reproduced,
+give a more convenient survey of the results of it than could be
+done by the journals themselves, which for the rest contain
+little that is of interest for our present purpose.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center"><b>E.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Chart of Eendrachisland</i>, 1658, on a
+small scale.</p>
+
+<div class="fig" style="width:100%;">
+<a name="maps-08"></a>
+<img src="images/heeres-08.jpg" width="500" height="304" alt="[Illustration: ]" />
+<p class="caption">No. 8. Kaart van (Chart of) Eendrachtsland, 1658</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>{Page 78}</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>F.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Chart of Eendrachisland</i>, 1658, on a
+larger scale.</p>
+
+<div class="fig" style="width:100%;">
+<a name="maps-09"></a>
+<img src="images/heeres-09.jpg" width="500" height="312" alt="[Illustration: ]" />
+<p class="caption">No. 9. Kaart van (Chart of) Eendrachtsland, 1658</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>{Page 79}</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>G.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>A brief account of the west-coast of the
+South-land.</i></p>
+
+<p>The South-land has sandy dunes forming many points on the
+sea-side; the dunes all consist of loose sand overgrown with
+grass into which a man will sink up to his ankles, and leave deep
+footprints on withdrawing his feet.</p>
+
+<p>About a mile more or less off shore, there is as a rule a
+rocky reef, on which the breakers may be seen to dash violently
+in many places, the depth above the reef being in several places,
+1, 1&frac12; and even 2 fathom, so that pinnaces and boats may
+get over it for the purpose of landing, there being deeper water
+close inshore, but all of it with a rocky, sharp coral-bottom, so
+that it is difficult to land there, and much harder still to keep
+a pinnace at anchor with a drag; except in a place about 9 miles
+north of the island, where there are three rocks close to the
+shore, which are connected by a rocky reef, behind which you may
+conveniently lie at anchor and effect a landing with pinnaces or
+boats; but the bottom is foul and rocky everywhere.</p>
+
+<p>Inward, the land is pretty high, with hills of even height,
+but barren and wild to look at, except near the island where a
+great many trees are seen.</p>
+
+<p>In <b>slightly under 32&deg; S. Lat.</b> there is <b>a large
+island, at about 3 miles' distance from the mainland of the
+South-land</b>; this island has high mountains, with a good deal
+of brushwood and many thornbushes, so that it is hard to go over;
+here certain animals are found, since we saw many excrements, and
+besides two seals and a wild cat, resembling a civet-cat, but
+with browner hair. This island is dangerous to touch at, owing to
+the rocky reefs which are level with the water and below the
+surface, almost along the whole length of the shore; between it
+and the mainland there are also numerous rocks and reefs, and
+<b>slightly more to southward there is another small
+island</b>.</p>
+
+<p>This large island to which we have been unwilling to give a
+name, leaving this matter to the Honourable Lord
+Governor-General's pleasure, may be seen at 7 or 8 miles'
+distance out at sea in fine weather. I surmise that brackish or
+fresh water might be obtainable there, and likewise good
+firewood, but not without great trouble.</p>
+
+<p>Two good and certain landmarks of the West-coast of the
+Southland:</p>
+
+<p>Firstly: If in these regions you observe about 11 degrees
+variation of the compass, you may be sure of not being at more
+than 18 or 20 miles' distance from the land.</p>
+
+<p>Secondly: If you see rock-weed floating about, you may be
+assured that you will sound the bottom in 70, 60, 50, 40, 30
+fathom or less.</p>
+
+<p>At foot:</p>
+
+<p>Your obedient Servant<br />
+(signed)<br />
+SAMUEL VOLCKERSEN.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>H.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Daily Journal kept by Skipper AUCKE PIETERS
+JONCK, skipper of the galiot Emeloordt, on her voyage from
+Battavia to the South-land, A.D. 1658 [*]</i></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* See preceding note.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>{Page 80}</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>I.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Chart of Eendrachisland, 1658</i></p>
+
+<div class="fig" style="width:100%;">
+<a name="maps-10"></a>
+<img src="images/heeres-10.jpg" width="500" height="340" alt="[Illustration: ]" />
+<p class="caption">No. 10. Kaart van (Chart of) Eendrachtsland, 1658</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p>{Page 81}</p>
+
+<h3><a name="doc-30"></a>XXX. (1658).<br />
+THE SHIP ELBURG, COMMANDED BY JACOB PIETERSZOON PEEREBOOM,
+TOUCHES AT THE SOUTH-WEST COAST OF AUSTRALIA AND AT CAPE LEEUWIN,
+ON HER VOYAGE FROM THE NETHERLANDS TO BATAVIA [*].</h3>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* The ship Elburg arrived at Batavia on July 16,
+1658.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Letter of the G.-G. and Counc. to the
+Managers of the E.I.C., December 14, 1658.</i></p>
+
+<p>...The flute <b>Elburgh, Jacob Pietersz. Peereboom</b> master,
+in coming hither struck the South-land in 31&frac12; degrees
+S.L., and the estimated longitude of 117&deg;, where, at about
+2&frac12; miles' distance from the land, she was by the strong
+wind and the hollow sea forced to come to anchor in 22 fathom,
+not without great peril of being lost; but after 12 days' hard
+trying they at length got off again and into the open, for which
+God's name be praised. Meanwhile, in 33&deg; 14' S.L., round a
+projecting point, they have found a good anchoring-place, where
+they have been at anchor in 20 fathom, and where the skipper,
+together with one of the steersmen, the sergeant and 6 soldiers
+landed round <b>Leeuwinnen cape</b>, finding there three black
+men, hung with skins like those at Cape de Bonne Esperance, with
+whom, however, they could not come to parley.</p>
+
+<p>On the spot where the blacks had been sitting, our men found a
+burning fire, near which there lay a number of assagays, together
+with three small hammers, consisting of a wooden handle to one
+end of which a hard pebble was fastened by means of a kind of wax
+or gum, the whole strong and heavy enough to knock out a man's
+brains.</p>
+
+<p>A little farther inward they came upon a number of huts,
+without any persons in them, and in various spots they found
+rills of fresh water, and here and there large quantities of the
+wax or gum aforesaid, of which we beg leave to hand you a small
+sample herewith, together with one of the said hammers, the wax
+or gum being of a red colour, and emitting an agreeable smell
+after being rubbed for some time...</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="doc-31"></a>XXXI. (1678).<br />
+FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE NORTH COAST OF AUSTRALIA BY THE
+VLIEGENDE ZWAAN, COMMANDER VAN DER WALL, ON HER VOYAGE TERNATE TO
+BATAVIA, IN FEBRUARY 1678.[*]</h3>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* The ship sailed from Ternate in December, 1677,
+and arrived at Batavia "by way of Timor and thus along Nova
+Guinea, without passing through Sunda Strait" (<i>Letter of the
+G.-G. and Counc. to the Managers of the E.I.C. May 8,
+1678</i>).]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Chart of "the north side of the Southland
+and surveyed with the flute de Vliegende Zwaan in the month of
+February, by Jan Van Der Wall," A.D. 1678</i> [*].</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* This chart is the only evidence of this voyage
+known to me. LEUPE, Zuidland, also, has not found anything else
+concerning it.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>{Page 82}</p>
+
+<div class="fig" style="width:100%;">
+<a name="maps-11"></a>
+<img src="images/heeres-11.jpg" width="500" height="447" alt="[Illustration: ]" />
+<p class="caption">No. 11. Kaart van de Noordzijde van 't Zuidland (Chart of
+the North side of the Southland), 1678</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p>{Page 83}</p>
+
+<h3><a name="doc-32"></a>XXXII. (1696-1697).<br />
+FURTHER SURVEYINGS OF THE WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA BY THE SHIP
+GEELVINK, COMMANDED BY THE SKIPPER-COMMANDER OF THE EXPEDITION,
+WILLEM DE VLAMINGH, THE SHIP NIJPTANG UNDER GERRIT COLLAERT, AND
+THE SHIP HET WESELTJE, COMMANDED BY CORNELIS DE VLAMINGH.
+[*]</h3>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* In November and December 1695 the Managers of the
+E.I. Company (<i>Resolutions of the Heeren XVII of November 10,
+December 8 and 10, 1695</i>) resolved to dispatch a flotilla to
+the South-land or the land of d'Eendracht, this time starting
+from the Cape of Good Hope. Willem De Vlamingh was appointed
+commander-in-chief of the expedition. He was also instructed to
+inquire into the fate of the ship de Ridderschap van Holland,
+which had miscarried on her voyage from the Cape to Batavia in
+1694.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center"><b>A.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Letter of the Governor-General and
+Councillors to the Managers of the E.I.C. at the Amsterdam
+Chamber, November 30, 1697.</i></p>
+
+<p>...As regards the results of the voyage of the three...vessels
+aforesaid [<b>de Geelvink, de Nijptang</b> and <b>het
+Wezeltje</b>], which, pursuant to the letters of the "Heeren
+XVII" of November 10, 1695, and March 16, 1696, and in accordance
+with Your Worships' Instructions of April 23 of the same year,
+have successfully accomplished their voyage by way of the Tristan
+de Cunha Islands and the Cape of Good Hope, furthermore via the
+islands of Amsterdam and St. Paulo, and along the <b>land of
+d'Eendragt</b> or the <b>South-land</b>, and have arrived here in
+good condition as regards ships and crews, we shall in the main
+beg leave to refer you to the journals kept on board the said
+ships, and to their annotations, together with the charts and a
+number of drawings of the said places, all which will be handed
+to Your Worships by the bearer of the same, Almoner <b>Victor
+Victorszoon</b>, who is now homeward bound in the ship Slants
+Welvaren. The drawings are packed in a case to the number of 11,
+to wit:</p>
+
+<p>7 of divers places in the South-land,<br />
+1 of the island of Tristan de Cunha,<br />
+1 of the island of Amsterdam,<br />
+1 of the island of St. Paulo, and 1 of the island of Mony
+[*].</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* I have not found these drawings.--In the
+seventeenth-century charts Mony is South-west of
+Java.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>{Page 84}</p>
+
+<p>We besides beg to forward to you a number of larger and
+smaller disks of wood, brought over from the said South-land by
+skipper <b>Willem de Vlamingh</b>, concerning which wood he had
+noted in his journal at the dates December 30 and 31, 1696, and
+January 2, 1697, that it was odoriferous, a point which we have
+not been able to verify here, although we have directly ordered a
+small portion of it to be distilled, and beg to hand you with the
+rest a small bottle of the oil thus gained for Your Worships'
+examination...together with a box containing shells collected on
+the beach, fruits, plants, etc., the whole, however, of little
+value and decidedly inferior to what elsewhere in India may be
+found of the same description; so that in general in this part of
+the South-land, which in conformity with their instructions they
+have diligently skirted, surveyed and observed, they have found
+little beyond an arid, barren and wild land, both near the shore
+and so far as they have been inland, without meeting with any
+human beings, though now and then they have seen fires from afar,
+some of the men fancying that two or three times they have seen a
+number of naked blacks, whom however they have never been able to
+come near to, or to come to parley with; nor have they found
+there any peculiar animals or birds, excepting that especially in
+the <b>Swaene-revier</b> [*] they have seen a species of black
+swans, three of which they have brought to Batavia alive, which
+we should have been glad to send over to Your Worships, but that
+shortly after their arrival here they all of them died one after
+another. Nor, so far as we know, have they met with any vestiges
+of the lost ship de Ridderschap van Hollant or of any other
+bottoms, either in those parts or near the islands of Amsterdam
+and St. Paulo, so that in sum nothing of any importance has been
+discovered in this exploratory voyage. Only, we must not omit to
+mention that in <b>an island situated in 25&deg; S.L. near or
+before the South-land</b>, they have found fastened to a pole,
+which though half-rotten stood still erect, a common pewter dish
+of medium size, which had been flattened and nailed to the pole
+aforesaid, where they found it still hanging; the said dish
+bearing the following words engraved on it, still distinctly
+legible:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Opposite to the <b>Rottenest</b>
+island.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>"A.D. 1616, on the 25th of October there arrived here the ship
+<b>den Eendragt</b>, of Amsterdam; supercargo <b>Gillis
+Miebais</b>, of Liege; skipper <b>Dirck Hartog</b>, of Amsterdam;
+she set sail again for Bantam, on the 27th do.; subcargo <b>Jan
+Steyn</b>, upper-steersman <b>Pieter Ledocker van Bil</b>."</p>
+
+<p>This old dish which skipper Willem de Vlaming brought us, has
+now likewise been handed to the Commander [*] in order to be
+delivered to Your Worships, who with us will no doubt stand
+amazed that the same has for so long a series of years been
+preserved in spite of its being exposed to the influence of sky,
+rain and sun [**].</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Viz. of the fleet with which this letter was sent
+to the Netherlands.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* The dish would seem to be no longer
+extant.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>In the same spot they have again erected a new pole with a
+flattened pewter dish nailed to it in commemoration of their
+visit, having first had the following inscription engraved on the
+dish, as is more amply set forth in the Journals:</p>
+
+<p>"A.D. 1697, on the 4th of Febr. there arrived here the ship
+<b>de Geelvinck</b>, skipper <b>Willem de Vlaming</b>, of
+Vlieland; assistant <b>Joannes van Bremen</b>, of Copenhaguen;
+upper-steersman <b>Michiel Blom</b>, of Bremen; the hooker <b>de
+Nijptang</b>, skipper <b>Gerrit Collart</b>, of Amsterdam;
+assistant <b>Theodorus Heermans</b>, of do.; upper-steersman
+<b>Gerrit Gerrits</b>, of Bremen; the galiot <b>'t Weseltje</b>,
+master <b>Cornelis de Vlaming</b>, of Vlieland; steersman
+<b>Coert Gerrits</b>, of Bremen; the whole of our flotilla sailed
+from here on the 12th do., in order to explore the South-land
+with destination for Batavia" [*]</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* This dish was afterwards brought to Paris by the
+French expedition, with the ships l'Uranie and la Physicienne
+(1817-1820), (see L. DE FREYCINET, <i>Voyage autour du monde, sur
+les corvettus l'Uranie et la Physicienne</i>, Historique, Paris,
+1825. pp. 449, 482-486) and would seem to be no longer extant
+there. An evidently inaccurate copy of the inscription engraved
+on the dish, is here reproduced on a reduced scale from
+<i>Planche 14</i> of the <i>Atlas Historique</i> accompanying De
+Freycinet's work.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<div class="fig" style="width:100%;">
+<a name="maps-12"></a>
+<img src="images/heeres-12.jpg" width="400" height="426" alt="[Illustration: ]" />
+<p class="caption">No. 12. Opschrift op den schotel, door Willem De Vlamingh
+op het Zuidland achtergelaten (Inscription on the dish, left by
+Willem De Vlamingh at the Southland), 1697.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>{Page 85}</p>
+
+<p>And since it is our intention, in order to let Your Worships
+have the more information and satisfaction touching this voyage,
+to dispatch to the Netherlands again in the last return-ships
+sailing from here, the ex-leader of the expedition, Skipper
+Willem de Vlaming Senior, together with his upper-steersman
+Michiel Blom, they having not yet returned from Bengal with their
+ships Geelvinck and Nijptang, but being expected every day,
+therefore we shall not trouble Your Worships with further
+particulars, but would beg leave to refer you to their verbal
+reports for ampler information touching their experiences in the
+said expedition...</p>
+
+<p>In the Castle of Batavia, on the last day of November,
+1697.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>B.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Journal kept by Skipper WILLEM DE VLAMINGH
+on his voyage with the ships de Geelvinck, Nijptang and
+T'Weseltje via Trestan da Cunha, the Cape, the islands of Peter
+and Paul, and the South-land to Batavia, begun on May 3, 1696,
+and ended March 20, 1697. [*]</i></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* This is the only journal of this voyage that I
+have found in the Old Colonial Archives at the Hague. I have not
+printed it here--so far as the South-land is concerned, it wil be
+found printed in LEUPE, Zuidland, pp. 153-184--for two reasons:
+1st because it differs only slightly from a journal of the voyage
+printed in 1701, of which MAJOR, Terra Australis, pp 120-133
+gives a translation; and 2nd, because the two charts immediately
+following in the text (Nos. 13 and 14) give an excellent survey
+of the results of this voyage of discovery.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>{Page 86}</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>C.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Chart of the South-land, made and surveyed
+by Willem De Vlamingh in 1696-1697. [*]</i></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* This chart was not made on the voyage, but is the
+work of ISAAC DE GRAAFF, cartographer to the E.I.C. from 1690 to
+1714.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<div class="fig" style="width:100%;">
+<a name="maps-13"></a>
+<img src="images/heeres-13.jpg" width="500" height="258" alt="[Illustration: ]" />
+<p class="caption">No. 13. Kaart van het Zuidland, bezeild door Willem De
+Vlamingh. in 1696-1697 door ISAAC DE GRAAFF (Chart of the
+South-land, made and surveyed by Willem De Vlamingh in
+1696-1697)</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>{Page 87}</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>D.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Chart of the Malay Archipelago, the north-
+and west-coasts of Australia, etc. [*]</i></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* This chart is likewise the work of ISAAC DE GRAAFF
+(1690-1714). It gives a survey of the results of De Vlamingh's
+voyage, and may also do duty as a general record of the Dutch
+discoveries on the north- and west-coast of Australia in the 17th
+century. The dotted (uncertain) line on the N.W. coast is
+supplemented by the chart of Van der Wall's discovery in 1678
+(No. 11).]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center"><i>(See folding Chart, marked No. 14.)</i></p>
+
+<div class="fig" style="width:100%;">
+<a name="maps-14"></a>
+<img src="images/heeres-14.jpg" width="800" height="568" alt="[Illustration: ]" />
+<p class="caption">No. 14. Uitslaande kaart van den Maleischen Archipel, de
+Noord- en West-kusten van Australië door ISAAC DE GRAAFF
+(Folding chart of the Malay Archipelago, the North- and
+West-coast of Australia) 1690-1714</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="doc-33"></a>XXXIII. (1705).<br />
+FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE NORTH-COAST OF AUSTRALIA BY THE SHIPS
+VOSSENBOSCH, COMMANDED BY MAARTEN VAN DELFT, DE WAIJER UNDER
+ANDRIES ROOSEBOOM, OF HAMBURG, AND NIEUW-HOLLAND OR
+NOVA-HOLLANDIA, COMMANDED BY PIETER HENDRIKSZOON, OF
+HAMBURG.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><b>A.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Instructions</i> (by the G.-G. and Counc.,
+dated January 20, 1705) <i>for the officers of the Frigate de
+Geelvink, along with the Pinnace de Kraanvogel and the
+Patchiallang Nova Guinea, destined to set out for the outside
+coast of the said Nova Guinea; as also for the Flute Vossenbos,
+together with the Pinnace de Doradus [*] and the Patchiallang
+Nieuw Holland, having destination for the bay of Hollandia
+Nova.</i></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Afterwards replaced by the pinnace <b>de
+Waijer</b>.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>[Various] considerations have determined us to dispatch you
+from here on a cruise, in such fashion that the frigate Geelvinck
+together with the pinnace Craanvogel and the patchiallang Nova
+Guinea, mentioned in the heading of the present, will first run
+from here directly for Banda...and from Banda continue their
+voyage to the coast of Nova Guinea.</p>
+
+<p>In the same manner we annex sailing instructions for the
+officers of the ship <b>Vossenbosch</b>, which together with the
+pinnace de Doratus and the patchiallang <b>Nieuw Holland</b>,
+likewise above mentioned, will first run for our Castle of
+Concordia in Timor, and then continue her voyage to Hollandia
+Nova, in such fashion as you will for your guidance find further
+amplified below...</p>
+
+<p>You will in the first place have diligently to observe,
+whether there is anywhere a passage from the outside to the
+inside, and this not only as regards Nova Guinea, but also as
+concerns Hollandia Nova, so that these orders...will have to be
+acted up to not only by the officers of the Geelvinck, but also
+by those of the Vossenbosch; and you should take special care, in
+case you should find such real or seeming passage, not to run too
+far into it, lest you should be carried away by currents in the
+same, and run the risk of accidents; on which account the
+examination of such passages should nowise be undertaken by the
+frigate or by the flute, but only by a pinnace or patchiallang;
+never to any farther distance than the experienced sailors in the
+same shall deem advisable to enable a safe return out of the said
+passages, and in no case so far as to get out of anchoring
+depth...</p>
+
+<p>{Page 88}</p>
+
+<p>And furthermore, as sailing instructions for the officers of
+the flute [Vossenbosch], over and above that which should be
+applicable to them in the instructions given up to now, it has
+been resolved to enjoin them that having reached Timor...they
+will thence set sail from the north-eastern extremity of the said
+island, and shape their course south-eastward as far as 11&deg;
+S. Lat. and 148&frac12;&deg; Longitude, whence on an eastward
+course they will run in sight of <b>Van Diemensland</b> in
+<b>Hollandia Nova</b>, which point is said to consist altogether
+of islands, a matter that will thus be cleared up. From there
+this coast will have to be further followed to eastward as far as
+<b>Aarnemsland</b> and the <b>Drooge eyland</b>, which will have
+to be skirted and surveyed both on the inside and outside; next,
+the coast aforesaid will have to be followed as far as <b>Van der
+Lijns eiland</b>, which you will examine in the same way as you
+have done the Drooge eyland. You will then continue your voyage
+as far as <b>Lemmens bogt</b> and <b>Abel Tasmans baay</b> and
+<b>Waterplaats</b>, and from there run for Cape <b>Van
+Diemen</b>, which having rounded you will follow the coast of
+<b>Carpentaria</b> in a northward direction along <b>Sweeris</b>,
+<b>Van der Ljns</b>, <b>Van Diemens</b> and <b>Staten rivers</b>,
+until you have passed the <b>Nassauw river</b>, which according
+to the chart has its mouth beset with numerous sand-banks and
+shallows. Next, running past Cape <b>Keerweer</b>, the
+<b>Carpentier</b> river, the <b>Hooge eyland</b> and the
+<b>Groote vuyle imbocht</b>, together with the <b>Oranjen
+river</b>, and having rounded the great projecting point of the
+<b>Meeuen river</b>, you will run along the bay of
+<b>Keerweer</b> then following, always along the coast in a
+westerly direction, past the <b>Doodslagers revier</b>, de
+<b>Waterplaets</b>, until you have got beyond <b>Goening Apy,
+Moordenaers revier</b> and the <b>Wesels eyland</b>, and also
+beyond Speelmans river and Rijkloffs bays, after which you will
+make the point of Ony, whence you will cross over along Keffing
+in Banda, as has already been noted in passing...</p>
+
+<p>The commander of the flute Vossenbosch aforesaid, in case the
+whole bight of Nova Hollandia, owing to adverse weather or
+defects of the ship, cannot be made according to these our
+instructions so as to enable her to be back in Banda at the end
+of September, will be empowered with the advice of the ship's
+council, from the Drooge eylant aforesaid to cross over to the
+Meeuen river, situated nearly N.W. and S.E. of each other, and
+thereby to shorten the voyage to that extent, always provided
+that no other means can be found...</p>
+
+<p>If in...Nova Hollandia you should happen to come upon unknown
+Indians, of whom you might without violence or risk, and of their
+own free will, bring two or three with you hither, such men might
+possibly prove of great use in subsequent voyages, but this point
+we leave to your own judgment and discretion, as you shall find
+circumstances to shape themselves.</p>
+
+<p>Victuals and provisions for all your ships for the space of 10
+months have been ordered on board here...</p>
+
+<p>In the Castle of Batavia, January 20, 1705.</p>
+
+<p>{Page 89}</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>B.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>A Report and account [dated October 6, 1705]
+of what has been discovered and found noteworthy in the voyage of
+the flute Fossenbosch, the pinnace d'Waijer and the patsjallang
+Nova Hollandia, dispatched from Batavia to Hollandia Nova
+aforesaid by way of Timor, by the Supreme Government of India,
+A.D. 1705; as collected and digested from the written journals
+[*] and verbal narratives of the officers returned, by the
+Councillors-Extraordinary HENRICK SWAARDECROOM and CORNELIS
+CHASTELIJN, commissioned for this purpose; the whole to serve as
+a report to be delivered to His Worship Governor-General JOAN VAN
+HOORN and the Lords Councillors of India. [**]</i></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* I have not found these journals.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* I have not printed this Report, 1st because it has
+been edited by LEUPE in <i>Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en
+volkenkunde van Nederlandsck-Indie</i>, Nieuwe Volgreeks, I, pp.
+193-201; 2nd because an English translation of it is given in
+MAJOR, Terra Australis, pp. 165-173; 3rd because chart No. 15
+excellently represents the results of this voyage. The
+reproduction being on a reduced scale, some names of places are
+not so clearly legible as could be wished, but they will be found
+referred to in my Introduction.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center"><b>C.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Chart of Hollandia Nova, further discovered
+A.D. 1705 by the ships Vossenbosch, de Wajer and Nova Hollandia,
+which left Timor on March 2 [*].</i></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* On July 12 the ships discontinued their voyage of
+discovery, and returned to Banda, where they arrived about a
+fortnight later.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>{Page 90}</p>
+
+<div class="fig" style="width:100%;">
+<a name="maps-15"></a>
+<img src="images/heeres-15.jpg" width="500" height="359" alt="[Illustration: ]" />
+<p class="caption">No. 15. Kaart van (Chart of) Hollandia Nova, nader ontdekt
+anno 1705 door (more exactly discovered by) de Vossenbosch, de
+Waijer en de Nova Hollandia</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="doc-34"></a>XXXIV. (1721-1722).<br />
+EXPLORATORY VOYAGE BY ORDER OF THE WEST-INDIA COMPANY "TO THE
+UNKNOWN PART OF THE WORLD, SITUATED IN THE SOUTH SEA TO WESTWARD
+OF AMERICA", BY THE SHIPS AREND AND TIENHOVEN, AND THE AFRICAN
+GALLEY, COMMANDED BY MR. JACOB ROGGEVEEN, JAN KOSTER (IN THE SHIP
+AREND), CORNELIS BOUMAN (IN THE SHIP TIENHOVEN), AND ROELOF
+ROSENDAAL (IN THE AFRICAN GALLEY).</h3>
+
+<p>Although the history of this voyage, begun from the Texel on
+August 1, 1721, does not form part of the subject here treated, I
+mention it in passing merely to note that among other places the
+ships touched at Paasch-eiland, and at the Paumatos and Samoa
+island-groups, and reached Java along the north-coast of New
+Guinea. The journal of this voyage is preserved in the Hague
+State Archives and has been edited by the Zealand Genootschap der
+Wetenschappen. (Middelburg, 1838).</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>{Page 91}</p>
+
+<h3><a name="doc-35"></a>XXXV. (1727).<br />
+THE SHIP ZEEWIJK, COMMANDED BY JAN STEIJNS, LOST ON THE
+TORTELDUIF ROCK.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><b>A.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Letter of the G.-G. and Counc. to the
+Managers of the E.I.C., October 31, 1728.</i></p>
+
+<p>...On the 26th of April there arrived here quite unexpectedly
+with the patchiallang de Veerman a note from the ex-skipper and
+the subcargo of the Zealand ship <b>Zeewijk</b>, <b>Jan
+Steijns</b> and <b>Jan Nebbens</b>, written from Sunda
+Strait...informing us that the said ship, after sailing from the
+Cape of Good Hope [*] on April 21 [1727], had on June 9 following
+run aground on the reef situated before the islands called
+Fredrik Houtmans Abriolhos near the South-land in 29&deg; S.L.,
+also known as the <b>Tortelduijf islands</b>; that favoured by
+good weather the men had saved from the wreck all kinds of
+necessaries, and with the loosened woodwork had constructed a
+kind of vessel, with which they had set out from there on the
+26th of March, and arrived in the aforesaid strait on the 21st of
+April last...</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* The ship had sailed from the Netherlands, November
+7, 1726.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>[We] have found...not only that the ex-skipper Jan Steijns
+has, against his positive instructions and against the protests
+of the steersmen, too recklessly sailed near the South-land, and
+thereby been the cause of this disaster, but also that he has
+attempted to impose upon his superiors by falsified journals,
+hoping thereby, if possible, to conceal his grievous
+mistake...</p>
+
+<p>The situation of the islands on whose outermost reef the ship
+Zeewijk has run aground, is shown by the annexed small chart [*].
+They lie out of sight of the South-land, and are partly overgrown
+with brushwood, edible vegetables, etc...here have been
+discovered not only a number of wells dug by human hands, but
+also certain vestiges of a Dutch ship, presumably also lost on
+the reef aforesaid...</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* To the Netherlands were sent "two charts of the
+situation of the Reef, and of the islands aforementioned" (charts
+16 and 17 <i>below</i>).]</p></blockquote>
+
+<div class="fig" style="width:100%;">
+<a name="maps-16"></a>
+<img src="images/heeres-16.jpg" width="500" height="438" alt="[Illustration: ]" />
+<p class="caption">No. 16. Kaarte betreffende de schipbreuk der Zeewijk
+(Chart, concerning the shipwreck of the Zeewijk) 1727.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="fig" style="width:100%;">
+<a name="maps-17"></a>
+<img src="images/heeres-17.jpg" width="500" height="434" alt="[Illustration: ]" />
+<p class="caption">No. 17. Kaarte betreffende de schipbreuk der Zeewijk
+(Chart, concerning the shipwreck of the Zeewijk) 1727.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="center"><b>B.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Journal or daily register, kept [by the
+second steersman Adriaan (Van) de Graeff] on board the sho
+Zeewijk;</i> after the miscarriage of the same, <i>on the wreck
+stuck fast on a rocky reef near the unknown Southland;</i> and a
+few days after, <i>in the island [*].</i></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* This journal is of no interest for our purpose,
+and I mention it <i>pro memoria</i> only. The charts sufficiently
+record the results.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="center"><b>C.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Chart drawn by JAN STEIJNS. (No.
+16).</i></p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>D.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Chart drawn by ADRIAAN (VAN) DE GRAAF [*].
+(No. 17.)</i></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* Later in the XVIII century (<i>inter alia</i> in
+1755 and 1765) the West-coast of Australia was again visited by
+Dutch ships, but what we know about this point is of no
+significance.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<hr />
+<p>{Page 92}</p>
+
+<h3><a name="doc-36"></a>XXXVI. (1756).<br />
+EXPLORATORY VOYAGE OF THE SHIPS RIJDER. AND BUIS, COMMANDED BY
+LIEUTENANT JEAN ETIENNE GONZAL AND FIRST LAVIENNE LODEWIJK VAN
+ASSCHENS, TO THE GULF OF CARPENTARIA.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Report of the "Master Cartographer" at
+Batavia, GERRIT DE HAAN, to the G.-G., and Counc. September 30,
+1756.</i></p>
+
+<p>Pursuant to Your Honourable Worships' highly honoured orders,
+the undersigned has the honour to submit to Your Honourable
+Worships a report concerning the voyage made by the small
+bark-ships <b>de Rijder</b> and <b>de Buijs</b> to the
+South-land, so far as the same has been touched at by them, as
+Your Honourable Worships may be pleased further to gather from
+the annexed charts [*].</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* I have not found either these charts or any
+journals of this expedition.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>On the 8th of February, 1756 the two ships set sail together
+from this roadstead...</p>
+
+<p>On March 26 they were overtaken by a violent storm off the
+Banda islands, so that they got separated, and the ship
+<b>Buijs</b>, finding it impossible to stand out to sea, entered
+the port of Banda on March 28; the ship Rijder held out with
+fore- and mizen-sails struck until the weather got better, and
+not knowing that the ship Buys had returned to port, continued
+her voyage. On April 4 those on board the ship <b>Rijder</b>
+sighted <b>Cape Falso</b> in Lat. 7&deg; 54' S., in 5 and
+4&frac12; fathom; they then shaped their course to the S.E. and
+afterwards to the S.S.E., until on April 10 they saw the <b>high
+land of Carpentaria</b>, known by the name of <b>hoog
+Eijland</b>, near which they found an island not known to the
+chart, to which island they gave the name of <b>Rijders
+Eijland</b>. From the hooge Eyland a reef runs out to sea a
+distance of nearly three miles coming close to the Rijders
+Eyland...They then shaped their course along the land in order to
+get into the bay, in depths Of 8, 7, 7&frac12;, 6&frac12; fathom
+sandy bottom, at which last depth they came to anchor on April
+the 16th, where they estimated themselves to be about two miles
+off shore. On the 17th do. they went ashore with the boat for the
+first time in order to ascertain the nature of the coast. On
+landing they found a number of cabins constructed of the bark of
+trees; they also saw a man who fled into the wood at their
+approach, and a small prow or species of vessel also made of
+bark, together with some fishing-tackle and a kind of assagays
+made of branches of trees, from 4 to 9 feet long, tipped at one
+end with a small piece of bone ground to a sharp point. The
+fishing-lines seemed to be twisted out of fibrous bark, and,
+instead of hooks, had pointed claws of beasts fastened to them.
+The land was overgrown with tall grass, and they saw a number of
+fine dells or valleys, through which flowed various small rills
+of fresh water; the trees were very tall and straight, of regular
+growth and of different kinds, some of which would, as they
+presumed, furnish excellent timber for ships' masts, yards, etc.
+The soil was very rich, and on the whole the country looked very
+promising. They remained there, making various landings, and
+taking in firewood and water, till the 26th of April, when they
+put to sea again...shaping their course E.N.E. close to the wind
+in depths Of 5, 6 or 7 fathom, following the trend of the coast
+till they had got into 10&deg; 30' S. Lat., where they cast
+anchor on April 28, in order to explore the land also in this
+latitude. They found nothing worth mentioning, however, {Page
+93} except a few more cabins or huts of the kind before
+described, the inmates of which took to the wood as soon as our
+men appeared. They dragged the boat on the {Page 94} beach
+here, and repaired the same, remaining there till the 13th of
+May, waiting for the ship de Buys. On that day they resolved to
+continue their voyage, shaping their course along the land as
+high as they could in order to keep the same alongside; but they
+lost sight of the land all the same, and became aware that the
+said land lay at least one degree more to southward than the
+chart had led them to believe. On the 24th of May they again
+sighted the land in 12&deg; 18' S. Lat.; it showed as a very
+low-lying coast, whose trend they followed close inshore. In Lat.
+12&deg; 26' South they cast anchor in 10 fathom good
+anchoring-ground. As they were lying at anchor at about 1 or
+1&frac12; mile's distance from the shore, they saw two of the
+prows above described paddle up to the ship, each of them
+containing two men, who, when they had got near the ship, by
+signs and cries began to signify to our men that they wished them
+to come ashore. The following day, being the 26th of May, our men
+went ashore at daybreak, and on landing found several persons
+there, who, however, all took to flight directly. They also saw
+two dogs, not unlike so-called Bengal jackals. The persons who
+had fled, shortly after returned to them, when they found them
+armed with the assagays above described. They were accompanied by
+a number of females who had their privities covered with a kind
+of small mats. The natives then all of them sat down on the beach
+near our men, who made signs to them that they were seeking fresh
+water; upon which the natives got up and signified to our men
+their willingness to show them the places where water was
+obtainable. Nor were our men deceived, for after walking on along
+the beach for some time, they were conducted to a pleasant valley
+with fine trees such as those above described. This seemed to be
+the dwelling-place of the natives, for our men saw here more
+women and children and also a number of primitive dwellings,
+merely consisting of sheltered places under the trees partly
+covered in with bark. The water which they found here, welled up
+out of the earth in pits dug by human hands. After having
+inspected the whole place, they went back to the beach, where
+they found the two prows in which the natives had previously
+approached the ship. As our men were seated on the beach,
+nineteen natives came up to them, all of them with bodies daubed
+over with red; when the said natives were by our men treated to
+some arrack with sugar, they began to make merry and even struck
+up a kind of chant, at the conclusion of which they retired to
+the wood again.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of the 27th our men went ashore again for the
+purpose of attempting to get hold of one or two natives, but did
+not succeed in doing so that day, because they landed too late to
+lure the natives to the beach. Early in the morning of the 28th
+they again landed in order to execute their plan; on their
+arrival the natives came up to them dancing and singing, sat down
+close to them, laid aside their so-called assagays or weapons,
+and again enjoyed the liquor with which our men plied them. While
+they were thus making merry, our men seized hold of two of them
+[*], upon which the others jumped to their feet, snatched up
+their assagays and began to throw them at our people without,
+however, wounding any one; except that the ship's clerk, who in
+flying tried to seize one of the natives round the body, was in
+the scuffle slightly wounded in the hand; upon this, our men
+fired a volley, wounding one of the natives, who thereupon all of
+them fled into the bush. Our people then tried to drag to the
+boat the two men they had got hold of, but as they were tying
+their {Page 95} arms and legs together, one of them by
+frantic biting and tearing contrived to get loose and effect his
+escape. Shortly after upwards of fifty natives again made their
+appearance, throwing assagays, but they also took to their heels,
+when our people let off another volley of musketry, after which
+our men succeeded in carrying off their one prisoner to the
+boat.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* A sorry return for kindness
+received!]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>{Page 96}</p>
+
+<p>On the 29th of May, the wind being S.E. and S.E. by E. with a
+top-gallant gale, they put to sea again, running S.S.W. close by
+the wind in from 10 to 11 fathom good anchoring-ground. At noon
+they found their latitude to be 12&deg; 31' South, and dropped
+anchor in 10 fathom good anchoring-ground, at about 1 or
+1&frac12; mile's distance from the land, their compasses showing
+3&deg; 49' north-easterly variation.</p>
+
+<p>On the 30th of May, as they were lying at anchor, two small
+prows came to within half a mile of the ship and then paddled
+back to shore.</p>
+
+<p>On the 31st of May, the wind being East and E.S.E., with a
+top-gallant gale, they set sail close to the wind on a southerly
+course. At noon they took the latitude of 12&deg; 44' South,
+having passed depths of 10 and 10&frac12; fathom. At sunset the
+countercurrent forced them to drop anchor before the
+<b>Mosselbaaij</b>.</p>
+
+<p>On the 1st of June, the wind being E.S.E. and S.E. by E. with
+a weak top-gallant gale, they set sail over depths of 10&frac12;,
+11, 12 and latterly 10&frac12; fathom again, good anchoring
+ground, upon which they dropped anchor in the forenoon. At noon
+it fell a calm, and they took the latitude of 12&deg; 51' South,
+the compasses showing 3&deg; 3' north-easterly variation.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning of June 2 the wind varied between East, E.S.E.,
+and S.E., and then went round to S.W. by S.; they sent the boat
+ashore in search of fresh water, since in the latitude they had
+now reached the chart showed a fresh-water river. When the boat
+returned alongside, they were informed that there was an
+excellent watering-place close by, where the water came rushing
+down the rocks, and also a fine inland lake, near which the men
+had seen a great number of birds of various kinds, together with
+certain foot-prints of large animals. In the drawing or chart
+this spot has been named <b>Rijders waterplaats</b> situated in
+12&deg; 57' S. Lat.</p>
+
+<p>On the 3rd of June, the wind blowing from the East to E.S.E.
+with a fresh breeze, they set sail for the watering-place
+aforesaid in 11, 10, 11&frac12;, 9&frac12;, 9 and 8 fathom, good
+anchoring ground and muddy sand, in which they dropped anchor at
+two glasses in the afternoon.</p>
+
+<p>From the 4th to the 12th of June they overhauled the ship,
+took in water and firewood, and repaired the boat. During this
+time no natives were seen by them.</p>
+
+<p>On the 13th of June, the wind being E.S.E. and S.E. by E. with
+a weak top-gallant gale, they put to sea again, following the
+trend of the coast on a course between W.S.W. and S. by E...over
+depths of 8, 8&frac12;, 9, and 10 fathom, good anchoring-ground
+with pebbles and small shells. At noon they took the latitude of
+12&deg; 2' South, and in the afternoon the head-current forced
+them to come to anchor.</p>
+
+<p>On the 14th of June, the wind varying between S.E. by E. and
+South, they set sail running close by the wind on a southerly and
+S. by E. course in 9, 9&frac12;, 10 and 11 fathom sandy bottom.
+At noon their estimated course and distance performed since
+sunrise were S.S.W. half a point westerly, and 2&frac12; miles,
+the latitude taken being 13&deg; 8' South. In the afternoon the
+wind was S.S.W. by W. with a weak breeze and occasional calms;
+they sounded from 11 to 8 fathom sandy bottom with black spots
+and pebbles; at the depth last mentioned they came to anchor at
+the first glass of the dog-watch, slightly to southward of <b>de
+Rijdershoek</b>, about 1 or 1&frac14; mile off shore, the
+compasses showing 3&deg; 45' north-easterly variation.</p>
+
+<p>{Page 97}</p>
+
+<p>On the 15th of June the wind blew from the S.E. to the E.S.E.
+in the morning and during the day, with a moderate and fresh
+breeze. At sunrise they went ashore with the boat in search of
+whatever might be worth noting. At noon they took the latitude of
+13&deg; South. Towards sunset the boat returned alongside,
+reporting that, as they were pulling ashore, and were at about a
+quarter of a mile's distance from the land, a canoe in shape like
+those before described came paddling up to them, containing two
+men who made signs for them to come ashore; and when with great
+difficulty they had got ashore through the surf, the two natives
+of the canoe had already fled into the bush; shortly after,
+however, eleven men and five females again came running up to
+them, armed with the assagays hereinbefore described, who
+directly tried to take our men's hats off their heads, and on
+being prevented from doing so, forthwith prepared to throw their
+weapons; but when our men fired a shot, they all fled except a
+youth, whom our people carried on board along with the canoe
+aforesaid, this man being the younger of the two natives brought
+hither. Our men had also come upon a large pond containing fresh
+water, which, however, was difficult to get to the ship. On the
+whole the country looked promising enough, and when cultivated
+would probably prove very fertile. The natives mainly subsist on
+the roots of trees and wild fruits such as batatas or oubis,
+together with small quantities of fish which they catch in their
+canoes. They also seemed to have some knowledge of gold, when
+lumps of the same were shown them. Round by the south the natives
+are somewhat more tractable than those farther to northward.
+Between the 11th and 12th degrees the trend of the coast is S.W.
+by S. and N.E. by N., next S.S.W. and N.N.E. down to the 13th
+degree; then running on due south as far as the eye reaches. The
+coast is mainly level without any reefs, and may be approached
+sounding.</p>
+
+<p>On the 16th of June...they resolved to depart from there,
+since the season was passing, and they could only with great
+difficulty make any headway or run higher, while, besides, they
+had only two anchors and cables left. They then shaped their
+course to westward for <b>Aarnems land</b>. At noon they took the
+latitude of 13&deg; 3' South course held as before.</p>
+
+<p>On the 17th of June in the forenoon the wind was E. by S. and
+E.S.E. with a moderate and fresh top-gallant gale, stiffening to
+a reefed topsail gale. At noon their estimated course and
+distance performed in the last 24 hours were W. by N. 25&frac12;
+miles; estimated Latitude 12&deg; 44' South; Latitude taken
+12&deg; 36' South; course held as before; no land in sight.</p>
+
+<p>From the 18th to the 23rd their course was mainly westerly,
+with variable winds and good weather.</p>
+
+<p>On the 24th of June the wind was S.E. by S., E.S.E. and S.E.
+by E. in the morning and forenoon, with a stiff reefed
+topsail-gale. Shortly after noon they sighted the mainland of
+<b>Nova Hollandia</b>, S.S.W. of them, showing as a very
+low-lying coast; they passed over depths of 15, 14, 13, 12, 11,
+10, 9, and 8&frac12; fathom, good anchoring ground and muddy
+sand, keeping a N.W. by W. course, since the shallows prevented
+them from running nearer to the land than where they could just
+sight it from the ship's deck; they next got into 9, 10 and 11
+fathom again as before, and dropped anchor at sunset.</p>
+
+<p>On the 25th of June the wind was S.S.E. to S.E. in the morning
+and forenoon with a moderate top-gallant gale, a brightening sky
+and good weather. At daybreak, as they were weighing anchor, the
+cable snapped off, and the buoy having disappeared, they thus
+lost their third anchor, so that they had only one left. They
+therefore resolved to call at the island of Timor, and shaped
+their course to N.W. by W. over {Page 98} depths of 11,
+10, 10&frac12; and 8 fathom; they next steered higher in order to
+get into deeper water, and thus passed over 12, 7, 8, 15, 9, 10,
+12, 14, 13, 7, 5, 3&frac12;, 4, 5, 6, afterwards running up to 20
+fathom, muddy bottom. At noon their estimated course and distance
+performed were N.W. by W. slightly Northerly, 5&frac12; Miles;
+their estimated latitude 11&deg; 30' South; Latitude taken
+11&deg; 37' South; estimated distance from the land 9 or
+9&frac12; miles.</p>
+
+<p>They next shaped their course to north-west in these known
+waters, and on the 3rd of July following sighted the island of
+Rottie to westward of them...</p>
+
+<p>The ship <b>de Buys</b>, having, as hereinbefore mentioned,
+put into the port of Banda on the 28th of March, and having there
+again been provided with all necessaries, set sail from there
+again on April 1, shaping her course to eastward. On April 23 she
+sighted <b>the land of Carpentaria</b>, and the so-called <b>Cape
+Keerweer</b>, when she was in the observed latitude Of 12&deg;
+58' South, so that the land was found to be at least 12 miles
+more to eastward than it was believed to be. They had sounded
+depths of 20, 18, 15, 13, 12, and 11&frac12; fathom, sandy
+bottom, at which last depth they came to anchor shortly after
+sunset.</p>
+
+<p>On the 24th of April the wind was E.S.E. by S. in the morning
+and forenoon with a weak top-gallant gale and fine weather; at
+daybreak they got their boat ready and made her sail ahead of
+them in order to take soundings; they then weighed anchor and set
+sail, keeping an E.N.E. and N.E. course close to the wind in
+11&frac12;, 12, 13, 12, and 11&frac12; fathom, sharp sandy bottom
+with small pebbles. At noon their estimated latitude was 12&deg;
+54' South, and their estimated distance from the land 4 or
+4&frac12; miles. At sunset they observed <b>Cape Keerweer</b> E.
+&frac14; point N. of them, and the interior point looking to the
+river E.N.E. They had sounded depths of 11&frac12;, 10&frac12;,
+11, and 12 fathom sandy bottom, at which last depth they came to
+anchor just after sunset. In the course of the day they had seen
+a good deal of smoke ascend from the land.</p>
+
+<p>On April the 25th the wind was E., E.N.E., and N.N.E. in the
+morning and forenoon, with a weak breeze and fine weather. They
+weighed anchor at daybreak and set sail on a northern course
+close by the wind over depths of 12, 14, 15 and 17 fathom sandy
+bottom. At noon their estimated latitude was 12&deg; 42' South;
+the wind continued variable with occasional calms; the land here
+showed level with a red and white beach; the interior seemed to
+be covered with straight, tall trees as far as the eye reached.
+At sunset they came to anchor and during the night had a moderate
+top-gallant gale with good weather.</p>
+
+<p>On the 26th of April the wind was E. and E. by S. in the
+morning and forenoon, with a fresh breeze and fine weather. At
+daybreak they weighed anchor and set sail, shaping their course
+between N.N.W. and N.N.E.; in the forenoon they observed a pretty
+high hill N.E. by N. &frac14; point N. and a red point N.N.E.
+&frac12; point E. of them. They also came upon a deep bay or
+bight named <b>Vliegenbaay</b>, in which the trees on shore were
+hardly visible from the top-mast. The N. corner of the said bay
+is here known by the name of <b>Aschens hoek</b>. At noon their
+estimated latitude was 12&deg; 16' South. They also saw columns
+of smoke rising up, and thought they could discern men and
+cabins. At sunset they came to anchor in 12&frac12; fathom.
+During the night the wind was variable.</p>
+
+<p>On the 27 th of April the wind was E. by S.E. in the morning
+and forenoon with a fresh topsail breeze, a covered sky and dry
+weather. At daybreak they weighed anchor and set sail on a N.N.E.
+course over depths between 12&frac12; and 14 fathom good
+anchoring-ground. The land here begins to fall off to eastward.
+They here saw a {Page 99} river with an island lying off
+its mouth, the river being known as <b>Batavia River</b>, and the
+island as <b>Buys Eijland</b>. At noon they took the approximate
+latitude of 11&deg; 38' South. They repeatedly saw columns of
+smoke rising up from the land; in the afternoon they came to
+anchor in 11 fathom coarse sand, about 4 miles Off the shore.</p>
+
+<p>On the 28th of April the wind was E. and E.S.E. in the morning
+and forenoon; they weighed anchor and set sail on a N.E. course.
+At noon they took the latitude of 11&deg; 29' South, being then
+3&frac12; miles off shore, and having passed depths of 11 and 10
+fathom, coarse sand and good anchoring-ground. In the afternoon
+the wind blew from the E.S.E., S.E., S., S.S.W., with a moderate
+top-gallant gale and fine weather; course held N.E. by E. and
+N.E.&frac12;% point N.; they still kept sailing along low-lying
+land only.</p>
+
+<p>On the 29th of April the wind was S.S.E. and S.E. in the
+morning and forenoon, with a fresh topsail breeze; at daybreak
+they weighed anchor and set sail on courses between N.N.E. and
+N.N.W. over depths of 10, 12, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 7, 8, 9 fathom,
+hard foul bottom; they estimated themselves to be at 3 miles'
+distance off the land. At noon their estimated latitude was
+11&deg; 3' South; in the afternoon the wind blew from the S.E.
+with a fresh topsail breeze. At 2 o'clock they came to anchor,
+since they estimated themselves to be close to <b>Van Spults
+river</b>; at 3 miles' distance from the land they were in 8
+fathom.</p>
+
+<p>On the 30th of April the wind was S.E. by E. and S.E. in the
+morning and forenoon, with a fresh breeze. They got the boat
+ready for the purpose of taking soundings ahead. At noon their
+estimated latitude was 10&deg; 56'; at 4 o'clock they had nearly
+lost sight of the boat, and fired a gun charged with ball in
+order to recall the same, but the boat not returning, they kept a
+light burning at the top-mast, and during the night fired a gun
+now and then. In this way they waited for the boat until the 12th
+of May, when they finally resolved to depart from there, since
+their stock of water and firewood would not allow of their
+waiting longer. On board the missing boat were two steersmen, to
+wit, <b>Hendrick Snijders</b> and <b>Pieter van der Meulen</b>,
+one quartermaster and five common sailors.</p>
+
+<p>On the 12th of May the wind was E.S.E. and S.E. in the morning
+and forenoon, with a moderate top-gallant gale and good weather.
+At daybreak they weighed anchor and set sail on a western course
+from the shallows, passing over depths of 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12
+fathom fine grey sand. At noon their estimated latitude was
+10&deg; 55' South. In the afternoon and during the night they had
+good weather with occasional showers of rain; next running
+W.N.W., they sighted the island of Timoor Laudt on the 20th of
+May.</p>
+
+<p>...From the above Your Honourable Worships will gather that
+Lieutenant <b>Jean Etienne Gonzal</b>, in command of the small
+bark <b>de Rijder</b>, has executed Your Honourable Worships'
+honoured orders, so far as the shores of the <b>Land of
+Carpentaria</b> are concerned; but that no exploration of the
+interior has been undertaken as enjoined by Your Honourable
+Worships' instructions [*] and no landing has been effected on
+the coast of <b>Nova Hollandia</b>, because they had only one
+anchor left, so that such landing was judged too hazardous to be
+undertaken. Of the part borne in this expedition by the first
+mate <b>Lavienne Lodewijk Aschens</b> who was in command of the
+small bark <b>de Buys</b>, the undersigned can make Your
+Honourable Worships no report worth any serious consideration,
+since his statements and annotations are so misleading that it is
+evident {Page 100} at first sight that he can never have
+had any first-hand knowledge or ocular view of the matters
+referred to by him, seeing that he has hardly ever been nearer to
+the land than 3 miles off it, at which distance, however, he
+pretends to have seen a river with a small island before its
+mouth, together with natives, cabins, etc.; all which seems
+impossible to the undersigned on a level coast such as this, nor
+has he made any landing on the said coast, although, contrary to
+Your Honourable Worships' orders, he has sailed along it from the
+south to the north a distance Of 40 miles, before the mishap of
+the loss of the boat came to pass, as Your Honourable Worships
+may further gather from the annexed rough sketch of a chart [**]
+of the coast sent in by him...</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* I have not printed these instructions, as they are
+not of sufficient interest for our purpose.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>[* I have not found this chart.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>[At foot:]<br />
+Your Honourable Worships' Obedient Servant<br />
+[signed]<br />
+W. G. DE HAAN.<br />
+[in margine:] Batavia, September 30, 1756.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<div class="fig" style="width:100%;">
+<a name="maps-05"></a>
+<img src="images/heeres-05.jpg" width="500" height="738" alt="[Illustration: ]" />
+<p class="caption">No. 5. Uitslaande Kaart van het Zuidland door HESSEL
+GERRITSZ (Folding chart of the Southland).</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>{Page 101}</p>
+
+<h3><a name="index"></a>Index of Persons.</h3>
+
+<p class="noindent">
+Asschens, (Lavienne Lodewijk Van)<br />
+Bewindhebbers der Nederlandsche Oost-Indische Compagnie, (Heeren Majores)<br />
+Blom, (Michiel)<br />
+Bounian, (Cornelis)<br />
+Bremen, (Joannes Van)<br />
+Brouwer, (Hendrik)<br />
+Buysero, (Cornelis)<br />
+<br />
+Carstensz (oon), Jan<br />
+Chastelijn, (Cornelis)<br />
+Claeszoon van Hillegom, (Haevick)<br />
+Cock, (Daniel Janssen)<br />
+Coen, (Jan Pieterszoon)<br />
+Collaert, (Gerrit)<br />
+Cook, (James)<br />
+Coolsteerdt of Colster, (Willem Joosten Van)<br />
+Corneliszoon, (Maarten)<br />
+<br />
+Dampier, (William)<br />
+Dedel, (Cornelis)<br />
+Dedel, (Jacob)<br />
+Delft, (Maarten Van)<br />
+Diemen, (Antonio Van)<br />
+Dircksz, (Pieter)<br />
+Dirkszoon, (Pieter)<br />
+Dortsman, (Adriaan)<br />
+<br />
+Eckebrecht, (Philippus)<br />
+Engelschen<br />
+<br />
+Gerrits, (Coert)<br />
+Gerrits, (Gerrit)<br />
+Gerritsz, (Hessel)<br />
+Gonzal (Jean Etienne)<br />
+Gouverneur-Generaal en Raden (Hooge Regeering) te Batavia<br />
+Graaff, (Isaac De)<br />
+Graeff, (Adriaan Van de)<br />
+<br />
+Haan, (W. Gerrit De)<br />
+Haen, (Dirk Corneliszoon)<br />
+Haghen, (Steven Van der)<br />
+Hartogs(zoon), (Dirk)<br />
+Heermans, (Theodorus)<br />
+Hendrikszoon, (Pieter)<br />
+Hermansz(oon), Klaes<br />
+Holman, (Yde Tjerkszoon)<br />
+Hoorn, (Joan Van)<br />
+Houtman, (Frederik De)<br />
+<br />
+Jacobsz(oon), Lenaert<br />
+Jansz., (Jan)<br />
+Jansz(oon), Gerrit<br />
+Janszoon van Buiksloot, (Reyer)<br />
+Jansz(oon), Willem, Koopman<br />
+Jansz(oon), Willem, schipper<br />
+Jansz., (Willemtje)<br />
+Jonck, (Aucke Pieterszoon)<br />
+Jongh, (Wollebrand Geleynszoon De)<br />
+<br />
+Keppler, (Joannes)<br />
+Koos, (Jasper Janszoon),<br />
+Koster, (Jan)<br />
+<br />
+Lastman, (C. I.)<br />
+Ledoecker van Bil(?), (Pieter)<br />
+Leeuw (Arend Martensz. De)<br />
+Le Maire, (Jacques)<br />
+Linschoten, (Jan Huygen van)<br />
+Lintiens (Pieter)<br />
+Lijn, (Cornelis Van der)<br />
+<br />
+Maetsuyker, (Joan)<br />
+Melisz(oon), Dirk<br />
+Meulen, (Pieter Van der)<br />
+Miebaise, (Gilles)<br />
+<br />
+Nebbens, (Jan)<br />
+Nuijts, (Pieter)<br />
+<br />
+Peereboom, (Jacob Pieterszoon)<br />
+Pelsaert, (François)<br />
+Pieterszoon, (Pieter)<br />
+Pool, (Gerrit Thomaszoon)<br />
+Portugeezen,<br />
+Purry, (J. P.)<br />
+<br />
+Reael, (Laurens)<br />
+Roggeveen, (Jacob)<br />
+Rooseboom, (Andries)<br />
+Roosenbergh, (J. Van)<br />
+Roosendaal, (Roelof)<br />
+Rosingeyn, (Jan Lodewijkszoon)<br />
+Rumphius, (G. E.)<br />
+<br />
+Schouten, (Willem Corneliszoon)<br />
+Seebaer van Nieuwelant<br />
+Snijders, (Hendrik)<br />
+Spanjaarden<br />
+Speult, (Herman Van)<br />
+Staten-Generaal der Vereenigde Nederlanden<br />
+Steyn, (Jan)<br />
+Steyns, (Jan)<br />
+Swaardecroon, (Hendrik)<br />
+<br />
+Tasman, (Abel Janszoon)<br />
+Thijssen of Thijszoon, (François,)<br />
+Torres, (Luis Vaez de)<br />
+<br />
+Verschoor, (Jan Willemsen)<br />
+Victorszoon, (Victor)<br />
+Visscher, (Frans Jacobszoon)<br />
+Vlamingh, (Cornelis De)<br />
+Vlamingh, (Willem De)<br />
+Volckertsz(oon) (Samuel)<br />
+Voss, (Jan)<br />
+<br />
+Wall, (Jan Van der)<br />
+West-Indische Compagnie<br />
+Willemsz. van den Briel, (Jan)<br />
+Witsen, (Nicolaas Corneliszoon)<br />
+Witt, (Gerrit Frederikszoon De)<br />
+Wytfliet, (Cornelis)<br />
+<br />
+Zeeuw, (Jan Janszoon), 73-74.
+</p>
+
+<p>{Page 103}</p>
+
+<h3>Index of Ships.</h3>
+
+<p class="noindent">
+Afrikaansche Galei, (De)<br />
+Amsterdam, (De)<br />
+Arend, (De)<br />
+Arnhem, (De)<br />
+<br />
+Batavia, (De)<br />
+Bracq, (De)<br />
+Buys, (De)<br />
+<br />
+Doradus, (De)<br />
+Dordrecht, (De)<br />
+Duifken (Het)<br />
+<br />
+Eendracht, (De), onder Dirk Hartogs<br />
+Eendracht, (De), onder Le Maire en Schouten<br />
+Elburg, (De)<br />
+Emeloord, (De)<br />
+<br />
+Galias, (De)<br />
+Geelvink, (De)<br />
+Goede Hoop, (De)<br />
+Gulden of Vergulden Draak, (De)<br />
+Gulden Zeepaard (Het)<br />
+<br />
+Haring, (De)<br />
+Hazewind, (De)<br />
+Heemskerk, (De)<br />
+Hoorn, (De)<br />
+<br />
+Klein-Amsterdam, (De)<br />
+<br />
+Leeuwerik, (De)<br />
+Leeuwin, (De)<br />
+Leiden, (De)<br />
+Limmen, (De)<br />
+<br />
+Mauritius, (De)<br />
+<br />
+Nova-Hollandia, (De)<br />
+Nijptang, (De)<br />
+<br />
+Pera, (De)<br />
+<br />
+Ridderschap van Holland<br />
+Rijder, (De)<br />
+<br />
+Texel (De)<br />
+Tienhoven, (De)<br />
+<br />
+Utrecht (De)<br />
+<br />
+Vianen, (Viane, Viana), De<br />
+Vink, (De)<br />
+Vliegende Zwaan, (De)<br />
+Vossenbosch, (De)<br />
+<br />
+Wakende Boei, (De)<br />
+Wapen van Amsterdam, (Het)<br />
+Wapen van Hoorn, (Het)<br />
+Waijer, (De)<br />
+Wezel, (De)<br />
+Wezeltje, (Het)<br />
+Witte Valk, (De)<br />
+<br />
+Zeehaen, (De)<br />
+Zeemeeuw, (De)<br />
+Zeewolf, ( De)<br />
+Zeewijk, (De)
+</p>
+
+<p>{Page 104}</p>
+
+<h2>Index of localities.</h2>
+
+<p class="noindent">
+Abel Tasmans baai<br />
+Abel Tasman's passagie<br />
+Alofi<br />
+Alhier liggen, bergen<br />
+Arnhemsland<br />
+Asschenshoek<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Barrom-eilanden<br />
+Bass-Straat<br />
+Batavia's kerkhof<br />
+Batavia (Rivier)<br />
+Bathurst-eiland<br />
+Beach<br />
+Bedriegershoek<br />
+Boompjeshoek<br />
+Boscawen, zie Tafahi<br />
+Buyseiland<br />
+<br />
+Caap Falso, zie Valsche Kaap<br />
+Carpentaria (Golf van)<br />
+Carpentaria ('t Land van)<br />
+Carpentier, (Rivier De)<br />
+Ceram of de Papues (onzeker, uncertain)<br />
+Clappes Cust, zie Klapperkust<br />
+Coburg-schiereiland<br />
+Coen (Rivier)<br />
+<br />
+Dampier-archipel<br />
+Dedelsland<br />
+De Witt's land<br />
+Dirk Hartogseiland<br />
+Dirk Hartogsreede<br />
+Drie Bergen's bocht<br />
+Drooge bocht<br />
+Drooge eiland<br />
+Droge Hoek<br />
+Duivelsklip<br />
+Dundas-straat<br />
+<br />
+Eendrachtsland<br />
+Exmouth Gulf<br />
+<br />
+Fidji-groep<br />
+Fortuynshoek<br />
+Fotuna<br />
+Frederik Houtman (Klippen van), zie Houtmans Abrolhos<br />
+<br />
+Garden-island<br />
+Geographe Bay<br />
+Groote eiland (Het)<br />
+Groote vuile inbocht<br />
+<br />
+Hoefijzer-hoek<br />
+Hoek van Calmoerie<br />
+Hoek van Canthier<br />
+Hoek van Goede Hoop<br />
+Hoek van Onier<br />
+Hooge eiland (Het), aan Australië's Westkust. (High-island)<br />
+Hooge land van Carpentaria of Hoog eiland<br />
+Hoop (de Goede), zie Nino-fa.<br />
+Hoornsche eilanden, zie Fotuna en Alofi.<br />
+Houtmans Abrolhos (Houtman's Rocks)<br />
+<br />
+I. d'Edels landt, zie Dedelsland.<br />
+<br />
+Jacob Remessens (Remens- of Rommerrivier)<br />
+Jan Melcher's Hoek<br />
+Java (Mayor of Groot-)<br />
+Java (Zuidkust van)<br />
+<br />
+Kaap Van Diemen<br />
+Keerweer (Kaap) aan de Golf van Carpentaria<br />
+Keerweer (aan de Zuidwestkust van Nieuw-Guinea,)<br />
+Keppel, zie Niutabutabu.<br />
+Klapperkust<br />
+Kliphoek<br />
+Kokoseiland; zie Tafahi.<br />
+Konijnenberg<br />
+<br />
+Land van de Eendracht, zie Eendrachtsland.<br />
+Land van de Leeuwin<br />
+'t Land van Nova-Guinea<br />
+Land van Pieter Nuijts; zie Nuijtsland.<br />
+Leeuwin (Kaap)<br />
+Leeminnenhoek, zie Kaap Leeuwin.<br />
+Limmensbocht<br />
+Lucach<br />
+<br />
+Maarten Van Delft's baai<br />
+Maletur<br />
+Maria-eiland<br />
+Maria's Hoek<br />
+Maria's Land<br />
+Meeuwenrivier<br />
+Melville-baai<br />
+Melville-eiland<br />
+Mitchell River<br />
+Monte Bello-eilanden<br />
+Mornington-eiland<br />
+Mosselbaai<br />
+<br />
+Nassau (Rivier)<br />
+Nieuw-Guinea (Noordkust van)<br />
+Nieuw-Guinea of Nova Guinea (Zuidwestkust van)<br />
+Nieuw-Holland<br />
+Nieuw-Nederland<br />
+Nieuw-Zeeland<br />
+Nino-fa<br />
+Niutabutabu<br />
+Noordcust van Australië<br />
+Noordwestkust van Australië<br />
+Northwest Cape<br />
+Nova Hollandia<br />
+Nuijtsland<br />
+<br />
+Oostkust van Australië<br />
+Oranjehoek<br />
+Oranjerivier<br />
+<br />
+Paasch-eiland<br />
+Pantjallingshoek<br />
+Paumotoe-groep<br />
+Perth<br />
+Pieter Frederik's Hoek<br />
+Pieter Frederik's rivier<br />
+Prinses Marianne-straat<br />
+Prins Frederik Hendrik-eiland<br />
+Prins Wales-eiland<br />
+<br />
+Robben-eiland<br />
+Roode Hoek<br />
+Rooseboomshoek<br />
+Rottenest (Eiland)<br />
+Rustenburg<br />
+Rijders-eiland<br />
+Rijdershoek<br />
+Rijders Waterplaats<br />
+<br />
+Sarnoa-groep<br />
+Scherpe Hoek<br />
+Schrale Hoek<br />
+Sharks Bay<br />
+Sint François (Eiland)<br />
+Sint Pieter (Eiland)<br />
+Sneeuwbergen, (Mountains covered with snow)<br />
+Southland (see Zuidland).<br />
+Sp(e)ult, (Rivier Van)<br />
+Speultsland or -eiland (Van)<br />
+Statenland, zie Nieuw-Zeeland.<br />
+Staten-rivier<br />
+Steenbokskeerkring<br />
+Sweers-rivier<br />
+<br />
+Tafahi<br />
+Tasmanië<br />
+Terra Australis<br />
+Terra incognita<br />
+Tonga-groep<br />
+Toppershoedje<br />
+Torres-straat<br />
+Tortelduif-eiland (Turtle Dove island)<br />
+Triall (De)<br />
+<br />
+Valsche Bocht<br />
+Valsche Kaap<br />
+Valsche Westhoek<br />
+Van der Lijns-eiland, zie Groote eiland.<br />
+Van der Lijn's rivier<br />
+Van Diemens-golf<br />
+Van Diemensland<br />
+Van Diemens-land, zie Tasmanië<br />
+Van Diemen's rivier<br />
+Vereenigde rivier<br />
+Verraders-eiland, zie Niutabutabu.<br />
+Vlakke hoek<br />
+Vlaming-head<br />
+Vleermuis-eiland, (Het)<br />
+Vossenbos' ruige hoek<br />
+Vuile Bocht<br />
+Vuil eiland, viii.<br />
+Vuile Hoek (Foul point)<br />
+<br />
+Waterplaats<br />
+Waterplaats bij Van Diemensland, (Noordkust van Australië)<br />
+Waterplaats (10&deg; 50')<br />
+Waterplaats (12&deg; Z.B. en 160 1/3&deg; O.L.)<br />
+Waterplaats (12&deg; 33')<br />
+Waterplaats (15&deg; 30')<br />
+Waijershoek<br />
+Wessel-eiland<br />
+Westeinde van Nova Guinea<br />
+Westkust van Australië<br />
+Willems-rivier<br />
+Witte Hoek<br />
+W. Sweers'hoek<br />
+<br />
+York, (Schiereiland, Peninsula)<br />
+<br />
+Zuidland, (Het)<br />
+Zuidwestkust van Australië<br />
+Zuidzee, (De)<br />
+Zwanerivier
+</p>
+
+<h3>THE END</h3>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><a name="reynders"></a></p>
+
+<h4>17th Century Dutch Surnames<br />
+by<br />
+Peter Reynders,<br />
+September 2004.</h4>
+
+<blockquote><p>Surnames, in the meaning of family names, were
+relatively uncommon in the United Provinces (Holland) in the
+sixteenth and early seventeenth century. Most people identified
+themselves using patronymics--a reference to the first name of
+their father--as a second name. They were registered as such at
+birth. Willem Janszoon would have been the son of Jan (i.e. Jan's
+zoon). If Willem J. had a son called Thomas he would have been
+registered as Thomas Willemszoon. Because it was unwieldy to
+spell the full patronymic, it was common practice to abbreviate
+written names by omitting the 'oon' and adding an abbreviation
+point, Jansz., or by using the so called internal abbreviation
+Janszn without such point. The name was however always pronounced
+in full and generally still is in the Netherlands where this bit
+of common knowledge is taught at school.
+</p>
+
+<p>Therefore when writing for readers in the English speaking
+world where this kind of abbreviation is not recognized as such,
+we should always write the name in full, Janszoon, Jacobszoon,
+Bastiaenszoon, etc., when referring to people of that period. If
+we do not, we cause the person to be known by another name one
+syllable shorter in the English speaking world. We inadvertently
+mislead.</p>
+
+<p>Jansz, Jansen, Janssen, Janzen etc are known as petrified (or
+frozen) patronymics and were derived from Janszoon when it became
+more common (and under Napoleon legally compulsory) to have a
+family name. These are the surnames that still exist today;
+Janszoon is not in use any more, but for one family. The shorter
+unabbreviated name Jansz therefore is typically NOT a name from
+the early 17th century.</p>
+
+<p>Historians in Australia, unaware of this bit of linguistic inside
+information, have faithfully copied abbreviated names from 17th century
+documents and subsequent publications, often without the abbreviation
+point and as a result the family names such as Jansz, Jansen, Jantsen,
+etc. were widely used to indicate Australia's first recorded European
+mariner. There seems to be an effort being made today by those in the
+know, including by people of the State Library of NSW, the Duyfken Replica
+Foundation, the VOC Historical Society, Australia on the Map 1606-2006,
+etc., to call the gentleman in question (Willem) Janszoon with two
+syllables including in writing. And it is catching on as it is not hard
+to understand how this 'Jansz error' crept into Australian history.</p>
+
+<p>Some publishers of English historical literature when
+correctly presented by authors with text containing these
+patronymics with the abbreviation point added, have simply
+removed the points arguing that this 'full stop' in the middle of
+sentences is confusing for the English reader, thereby wrongly
+embedding the abbreviated name as the real one in the readers'
+minds. This happened for example with the text of "Batavia's
+Graveyard" according the Cambridge educated historian Mike Dash,
+its author. This is the more reason to write the full name in the
+first place.</p>
+
+<p>The message therefore is simple: do not use abbreviated
+patronymics when writing, in English, about 16th and 17th century
+Dutchmen and nobody will be confused.
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr />
+
+<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DISCOVERY OF AUSTRALIA ***</div>
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #17450 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/17450)
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Part Borne by the Dutch in the
+Discovery of Australia 1606-1765, by J. E. Heeres
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765
+
+Author: J. E. Heeres
+
+Release Date: January 3, 2006 [EBook #17450]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DISCOVERY OF AUSTRALIA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Colin Choat
+
+
+
+
+
+NOTE:
+* Refer to the note at the end of this ebook for an explanation, by Peter
+Reynders, of usage regarding 17th Century Dutch Surnames.
+
+* * * * *
+
+THE PART BORNE BY THE DUTCH IN THE DISCOVERY OF AUSTRALIA 1606-1765.
+
+BY
+
+J. E. HEERES, LL. D.
+PROFESSOR AT THE DUTCH COLONIAL INSTITUTE DELFT
+
+* * *
+
+PUBLISHED BY THE ROYAL DUTCH GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY
+IN COMMEMORATION OF THE XXVth ANNIVERSARY OF ITS FOUNDATION
+
+LONDON
+LUZAC & CO, 46 GREAT RUSSELL STREET W. C.
+1899
+
+* * *
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+List of books, discussed or referred to in the work
+
+List of Maps and Figures
+
+Introduction
+
+DOCUMENTS:
+I.      Dutch notions respecting the Southland in 1595
+II.     Notices of the south-coast of New Guinea in 1602
+III.    Voyage of the ship Duifken under command of Willem Jansz(oon) and
+        Jan Lodewijkszoon Rosingeyn to New Guinea.--Discovery of the
+        east-coast of the present Gulf of Carpentaria (1605-1606)
+IV.     Fresh expedition to New Guinea by the ship Duifken (1607)
+V.      Voyage of the ships Eendracht and Hoorn, commanded by Jacques Le
+        Maire and Willem Corneliszoon Schouten through the Pacific Ocean
+        and along the north-coast of New Guinea (1616)
+VI.     Project for the further discovery of the Southland--Nova
+        Guinea (1616)
+VII.    Voyage of de Eendracht under command of Dirk Hartogs(zoon).
+        Discovery of the West-coast of Australia in 1616: Dirk
+        Hartogs-island and -road, Land of the Eendracht or Eendrachtsland
+        (1616)
+VIII.   Voyage of the ship Zeewolf, from the Netherlands to India, under
+        the command of supercargo Pieter Dirkszoon and skipper Haevik
+        Claeszoon van Hillegom.--Further discovery of the West-coast of
+        Australia (1618)
+IX.     Voyage of the ship Mauritius from the Netherlands to India under
+        the command of supercargo Willem Jansz. or Janszoon and skipper
+        Lenaert Jacobsz(oon). Further discovery of the West-coast of
+        Australia.--Willems-rivier (1618)
+X.      Further discovery of the South-coast of New-Guinea by the ship
+        Het Wapen van Amsterdam? (1619?)
+XI.     Voyage of the ships Dordrecht and Amsterdam under commander
+        Frederik De Houtman, supercargo Jacob Dedel, and skipper Reyer
+        Janszoon van Buiksloot and Maarten Corneliszoon(?) from the
+        Netherlands to the East-Indies.--Further discovery of the
+        West-coast of Australia: Dedelsland and Houtman's Abrolhos (1619)
+XII.    Voyage of the ship Leeuwin from the Netherlands to Java.--Discovery
+        of the South-West coast of Australia.--Leeuwin's land (1622)
+XIII.   The Triall. (English discovery)--The ship Wapen van Hoorn touches
+        at the West-coast of Australia.--New projects for discovery made
+        by the supreme government at Batavia (1622)
+XIV.    Voyage of the ships Pera and Arnhem, under command of Jan
+        Carstenszoon or Carstensz., Dirk Meliszoon and Willem Joosten van
+        Colster or Van Coolsteerdt.--Further discovery of the South-West
+        coast of New Guinea. Discovery of the Gulf of Carpentaria (1623)
+XV.     Voyage of the ship Leiden, commanded by skipper Klaas Hermansz(oon)
+        from the Netherlands to Java.--Further discovery of the West-coast
+        of Australia (1623)
+XVI.    Discovery of the Tortelduif island (rock) (1624?)
+XVII.   Voyage of the ship Leijden, commanded by skipper Daniel Janssen
+        Cock, from the Netherlands to Java. Further discovery of the
+        West-coast of Australia (1626)
+XVIII.  Discovery of the South-West coast of Australia by the ship Het
+        Gulden Zeepaard, commanded by Pieter Nuijts, member of the Council
+        of India, and by skipper Francois Thijssen or Thijszoon (1627)
+XIX.    Voyage of the ships Galias, Utrecht and Texel, commanded by
+        Governor-General Jan Pieterszoon Coen.--Further discovery of the
+        West-coast of Australia (1627)
+XX.     Voyage of the ship Het Wapen van Hoorn, commanded by supercargo
+        J. Van Roosenbergh.--Further discovery of the West-coast of
+        Australia (1627)
+XXI.    Discovery of the North-West coast of Australia by the ship Vianen
+        (Viane, Viana), commanded by Gerrit Frederikszoon De Witt.--De
+        Witt's land (1628)
+XXII.   Discovery of Jacob Remessens-, Remens-, or Rommer-river, south of
+        Willems-river (before 1629)
+XXIII.  Shipwreck of the ship Batavia under commander Francois Pelsaert
+        on Houtmans Abrolhos. Further discovery of the West-coast of
+        Australia (1629)
+XXIV.   Further surveyings of the West-coast of Australia by the ship
+        Amsterdam under commander Wollebrand Geleynszoon De Jongh and
+        skipper Pieter Dircksz, on her voyage from the Netherlands to
+        the East Indies (1635)
+XXV.    New discoveries on the North-coast of Australia, by the ships
+        Klein-Amsterdam and Wesel, commanded by (Gerrit Thomaszoon Pool
+        and) Pieter Pieterszoon (1636)
+XXVI.   Discovery of Tasmania (Van Diemensland), New Zealand (Statenland),
+        islands of the Tonga- and Fiji-groups, etc. by the ships Heemskerk
+        and de Zeehaen, under the command of Abel Janszoon Tasman, Frans
+        Jacobszoon Visscher, Yde Tjerkszoon Holman or Holleman and
+        Gerrit Jansz(oon) (1642-1643)
+XXVII.  Further discovery of the Gulf of Carpentaria, the North and
+        North-West coasts of Australia by the Ships Limmen, Zeemeeuw
+        and de Bracq, under the command of Tasman, Visscher, Dirk
+        Corneliszoon Haen and Jasper Janszoon Koos (1644)
+XXVIII. Exploratory voyage to the West-coast of Australia round by the
+        south of Java, by the ship Leeuwerik, commanded by Jan Janszoon
+        Zeeuw (1648)
+XXIX.   Shipwreck of the Gulden or Vergulden Draak on the West-coast of
+        Australia, 1656.--Attempts to rescue the survivors, 1656-1658.
+        --Further surveyings of the West-coast by the ship de Wakende
+        Boei, commanded by Samuel Volckerts(zoon), and by the ship
+        Emeloord, commanded by Aucke Pieterszoon Jonck, (1658)
+XXX.    The ship Elburg, commanded by Jacob Pieterszoon Peereboom,
+        touches at the South-West coast of Australia and at cape Leeuwin,
+        on her voyage from the Netherlands to Batavia (1658)
+XXXI.   Further discovery of the North-West-coast of Australia by the
+        ship de Vliegende Zwaan, commanded by Jan Van der Wall, on her
+        voyage from Ternate to Batavia in February 1678
+XXXII.  Further discovery of the West-coast of Australia by the ship
+        Geelvink, under the skipper-commander of the expedition, Willem De
+        Vlamingh, the ship Nijptang, under Gerrit Collaert, and the ship
+        het Wezeltje, commanded by Cornelis De Vlamingh (1696-1697)
+XXXIII. Further discovery of the North-coast of Australia by the ships
+        Vossenbosch, commanded by Maarten Van Delft, de Waijer under
+        Andries Rooseboom, of Hamburg, and Nieuw-Holland or Nova-Hollandia,
+        commanded by Pieter Hendrikszoon, of Hamburg (1705)
+XXXIV.  Exploratory voyage by order of the West-India Company "to the
+        unknown part of the world, situated in the South Sea to westward
+        of America", by the ships Arend and the African Galley, commanded
+        by Mr. Jacob Roggeveen, Jan Koster, Cornelis Bouman and Roelof
+        Roosendaal (1721-1722)
+XXXV.   The ship Zeewijk, commanded by Jan Steijns, lost on the
+        Tortelduif rock (1727)
+XXXVI.  Exploratory voyage of the ships Rijder and Buis, commanded by
+        lieutenant Jan Etienne Gonzal and first mate Lavienne Lodewijk
+        Van Asschens, to the Gulf of Carpentaria (1756)
+INDICES. (Persons, Ships, Localities)
+
+* * * * *
+
+LIST OF MAPS AND FIGURES.
+
+* No. 1 Gedeelte der (Part of the) _Orbis terrae compendiosa describtio_
+* No. 2 Gedeelte der (Part of the) _Exacta & accurata delineatio cum
+  orarum maritimarum tum etjam locorum terrestrium, quae in regjonibus
+  China...una cum omnium vicinarum insularum descriptjone ut sunt
+  Sumatra, Java utraque_
+* No. 3 Zuidoostelijk gedeelte der Kaart (South-eastern part of the Map)
+  _Indiae Orientalis Nova descriptio_
+* No. 4 Caert van (Chart of) 't Land van d'Eendracht Ao 1627 door HESSEL
+  GERRITSZ
+* No. 5 Uitslaande Kaart van het Zuidland door HESSEL GERRITSZ (Folding
+  chart of the Southland).
+* No. 6 Kaart van het Zuidland van (Alap of the Southland by) JOANNES
+  KEPPLER en PHILIPPUS ECKEBRECHT, 1630
+* No. 7 Kaart van den opperstuurman AREND MARTENSZ. DE LEEUW, der
+  Zuidwestkust van Nieuw Guinea en der Oostkust van de Golf van Carpentaria
+  (Chart, made by the upper steersman Arend Martensz. De Leeuw, of the
+  Southwest coast of New-Guinea and the East-coast of the Gulf of
+  Carpentaria)
+* No. 8 Kaart van (Chart of) Eendrachtsland, 1658
+* No. 9 Kaart van (Chart of) Eendrachtsland, 1658
+* No. 10 Kaart van (Chart of) Eendrachtsland, 1658
+* No. 11 Kaart van de Noordzijde van 't Zuidland (Chart of the North side
+  of the Southland), 1678
+* No. 12 Opschrift op den schotel, door Willem De Vlamingh op het
+  Zuidland achtergelaten (Inscription on the dish, left by Willem De
+  Vlamingh at the Southland), 1697.
+* No. 13 Kaart van het Zuidland, bezeild door Willem De Vlamingh, in
+  1696-1697 door ISAAC DE GRAAFF (Chart of the South-land, made and
+  surveyed by Willem De Vlamingh in 1696-1697)
+* No. 14 Uitslaande kaart van den Maleischen Archipel, de Noord- en
+  West-kusten van Australie door ISAAC DE GRAAFF (Folding chart of the
+  Malay Archipelago, the North- and West-coast of Australia) 1690-1714
+* No. 15 Kaart van (Chart of) Hollandia Nova, nader ontdekt anno 1705
+  door (more exactly discovered by) de Vossenbosch, de Waijer en de Nova
+  Hollandia
+* No. 16-17 Kaarten betreffende de schipbreuk der Zeewijk (Charts,
+  concerning the shipwreck of the Zeewijk) 1727.
+* No. 18 Typus orbis terrarum uit GERARDI MERCATORIS Atlas...De
+  Novo...emendatus...studio JUDOCI HONDIJ, 1632.
+* No. 19 Wereldkaartje uit het Journaal van de Nassausche Vloot (Little
+  map of the world from the Journal of the Nassau fleet), 1626
+
+* * * * *
+
+LIST OF BOOKS DISCUSSED OR REFERRED TO IN THE WORK.
+
+* Aa (PIETER VAN DER), Nauwkeurige Versameling der gedenkwaardigste Zee-
+  en Landreysen na Oost- en West-Indien, Mitsgaders andere Gewesten
+  (Leiden, 1707).
+* S. d. B. Historie der Sevarambes...Twede druk. t'Amsterdam, By Willem
+   de Coup (enz.). 1701. Het begin ende voortgangh der Vereenighde
+   Nederlantsche Geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische Compagnie (II). Gedruckt
+   in 1646.
+* BURNEY, Chronological history of the voyages and discoveries in the
+   South Sea, Deel III (London, Luke Hansard, 1813).
+* Bandragen tot de taal- land- en volkenkunde van Nederlandsch Indie,
+   nieuwe volgreeks, I (1856).
+* A F. CALVERT, The Discovery of Australia. (London, Liverpool, 1893).
+* G. COLLINGRIDGE, The discovery of Australia. (Sydney, Hayes, 1895).
+* Remarkable Maps of the XVth, XVIth & XVIIth centuries. II. III. The
+   geography of Australia. Edited by C. H. COOTE (Amsterdam, Frederik
+   Muller, 1895).
+* L. C. D. VAN DIJK. Mededeelingen uit het Oost-Indisch Archief. No. 1.
+   Twee togten naar de Golf van Carpentaria. (Amsterdam, Scheltema, 1859).
+* LOUIS DE FREYCINET, Voyage autour du monde, entrepris par ordre du
+   roi, execute sur les corvettes de S. M. l'Uranie et la Physicienne,
+   pendant les annees 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820.--Historique. (Paris, Pillet
+   aine, 1825).
+* J. F. GERHARD. Het leven van Mr. N. Cz. Witsen. I (Utrecht, Leeflang,
+  1881).
+* J. E. HEERES, Bouwstoffen voor de geschiedenis der Nederlanders in den
+    Maleischen Archipel, III. ('s Gravenhage, Nijhoff, 1895).
+* J. E. HEERES. Dagh-Register gehouden int Casteel Batavia Anno
+   1624-1629.
+    Uitgegeven onder toezicht van...('s Gravenhage, Nijhoff, 1896).
+* Abel Janszoon Tasman's journal of his discovery of Van Diemens land
+   and New Zealand in 1642...to which are added Life and Labours of Abel
+   Janszoon Tasman by J. E. HEFRES...(Amsterdam, Frederik Muller, 1898).
+* Iovrnael vande Nassausche Uloot...Onder 't beleyd vanden Admirael
+   JAQUES L'HEREMITE, ende Vice-Admirael Geen Huygen Schapenham, 1623-1626.
+   T'Amstelredam, By Hessel Gerritsz ende Jacob Pietersz Wachter. 't Jaer
+   1626.
+* J. K. J. DE JONGE De opkomst van het Nederlandsch gezag in Oost-Indie,
+   1. ('s-Gravenhage, Amsterdam, MDCCCLXIV); IV. (MDCCCLXIX.)
+* P. A. LEUPE. De reizen der Nederlanders naar het Zuidland of
+Nieuw-Holland, in de 17c en 18c eeuw. (Amsterdam, Hulst van Keulen, 1868).
+* LINSCHOTEN (JAN, HUYGEN VAN). Itinerario, Voyage ofte Schipvaert naer
+   Oost ofte Portugaels Indien...'t Amstelredam by Cornelis Claesz. op 't
+   VVater, in 't Schriff-boeck, by de Oude Brugghe. Anno CICICXCVI.
+* R. H. MAJOR. Early voyages to Terra Australis, now called Australia
+  (London, Hackluyt Society, MDCCCLIX).
+* GERARDI MERCATORIS atlas sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica
+   mundi et fabricati figura. De novo multis in locis emendatus novisque
+   tabulis auctus Studio IUDOCI HONDIJ. Amsterodami. Sumptibus Johannis
+   Cloppenburgij. Anno 1632.
+* A. E. NORDENSKIOeLD. Facsimile-Atlas to the early history of
+   cartography. (Stockholm, MDCCCLXXXIX).
+* A. E. NORDENSKIOeLD. Periplus.--Translated from the Swedish original by
+   F. A. Bather. (Stockholm, MDCCCLXXXXVII).
+* PURCHAS his Pilgrimes Contayning a History of the World in Sea
+   voyages, and lande-Travells by Englishmen and others (HACKLUYTUS
+   POSTHUMUS).
+* A. RAINAUD. Le Continent Austral. (Paris, Colin, 1893).
+* Dagverhaal der ontdekkings-reis van Mr. JACOB ROGGEVEEN...in de jaren
+   1721 en 1722. Uitgegeven door het Zeeuwsch Genootschap der
+   Wetenschappen.--Te Middelburg, bij de gebroeders Abrahams. 1838.
+* TIELE (P. A.) Memoire bibliographique sur les journaux des navigateurs
+   Neerlandais. (Amsterdam, Frederik Muller, 1867).
+* TIELE (P. A.), Nederlandsche bibliographic van land- en volkenkunde.
+   (Amsterdam, Frederik Muller, 1884).
+* N. CZ. WITSEN. Noord- en Oost Tartarije. (1692, enz.)
+* C. WYTFLIET. Descriptionis Ptolemaicae augmentum. (1597).
+
+* * * * *
+
+INTRODUCTION.
+
+{Page i}
+
+I.
+
+OCCASION AND OBJECT OF THE PRESENT WORK.
+
+In writing my biography of Tasman, forming part of Messrs. Frederik
+Muller and Co.'s edition of the Journal of Tasman's celebrated voyage of
+discovery of 1642-1643, I was time and again struck by the fact that the
+part borne by the Netherlanders in the discovery of the continent of
+Australia is very insufficiently known to the Dutch themselves, and
+altogether misunderstood or even ignored abroad. Not only those who with
+hypercritical eyes scrutinise, and with more or less scepticism as to its
+value, analyse whatever evidence on this point is submitted to them, but
+those others also who feel a profound and sympathetic interest in the
+historical study of the remarkable voyages which the Netherlanders
+undertook to the South-land, are almost invariably quite insufficiently
+informed concerning them. This fact is constantly brought home to the
+student who consults the more recent works published on the subject, and
+who fondly hopes to get light from such authors as CALVERT, COLLINGRIDGE,
+NORDENSKIOLD, RAINAUD and others. Such at least has time after time been
+my own case. Is it wonderful, therefore, that, while I was engaged in
+writing Tasman's life, the idea occurred to me of republishing the
+documents relating to this subject, preserved in the State Archives at
+the Hague--the repository of the archives of the famous General Dutch
+Chartered East-India Company extending over two centuries (1602-1800)--and
+in various other places? I was naturally led to lay before Messrs.
+Frederik Muller and Co. the question, whether they would eventually
+undertake such a publication, and I need hardly add that these
+gentlemen, to whom the historical study of Dutch discovery has repeatedly
+been so largely indebted, evinced great interest in the plan I submitted
+to them.[*]
+
+[* See my Life of Tasman, p. 103, note 10.]
+
+Meanwhile the Managing Board of the Royal Geographical Society of the
+Nether lands had resolved to publish a memorial volume on the occasion of
+the Society's twenty-fifth anniversary. Among the plans discussed by the
+Board was the idea of having the documents just referred to published at
+the expense of the Society. The name of jubilee publication could with
+complete justice be bestowed on a work having for its object once more to
+throw the most decided and fullest possible light on achievements of our
+forefathers in the 17th and 18th century, in a form that would appeal to
+foreigners no less than to native readers. An act of homage to our
+ancestors, therefore, a modest one certainly, but one inspired by the
+same feeling which in 1892 led Italy and the Iberian Peninsula to
+celebrate the memory of the discoverer of America, and in 1898 prompted
+the Portuguese to do homage to the navigator who first showed the world
+the sea-route to India.
+
+{Page ii}
+
+How imperfect and fragmentary even in our days is the information
+generally available concerning the part borne by the Netherlanders in the
+discovery of the fifth part of the world, may especially be seen from the
+works of foreigners. This, I think, must in the first place, though not,
+indeed, exclusively, be accounted for by the rarity of a working
+acquaintance with the Dutch tongue among foreign students. On this
+account the publication of the documents referred to would very
+imperfectly attain the object in view, unless accompanied by a careful
+translation of these pieces of evidence into one of the leading languages
+of Europe; and it stands to reason that in the case of the discovery of
+Australia the English language would naturally suggest itself as the most
+fitting medium of information[*]. So much to account for the bilingual
+character of the jubilee publication now offered to the reader.
+
+[* The English translation is the work of Mr. C. Stoffel, of Nijmegen.]
+
+Closely connected with this consideration is another circumstance which
+has influenced the mode of treatment followed in the preparation of this
+work. The defective acquaintance with the Dutch language of those who
+have made the history of the discovery of Australia the object of serious
+study, or even, in the case of some of them, their total ignorance of it,
+certainly appears to me one, nay even the most momentous of the causes of
+the incomplete knowledge of the subject we are discussing; but it cannot
+possibly be considered the only cause, if we remember that part of the
+documentary evidence proving the share of the Netherlanders in the
+discovery of Australia has already been given to the world through the
+medium of a leading European tongue.
+
+In 1859 R. H. MAJOR brought out his well-known book _Early Voyages to
+Terra Australis, now called Australia_, containing translations of some
+of the archival pieces and of other documents pertaining to the subject.
+And though, from P. A. LEUPE'S work, entitled _De Reizen der Nederlanders
+naar het Juidland of Nzeuw-Holland in de 17e en 18e eeuw_, published in
+1868, and from a book by L. C. D. Van Dijk, brought out in the same year
+in which MAJOR'S work appeared, and entitled _Twee togten naar de golf
+van Carpentaria_; though, I say, from these two books it became evident
+that MAJOR'S work was far from complete, still it cannot be denied that
+he had given a great deal, and what he had given, had in the English
+translation been made accessible also to those to whom Dutch was an
+unknown tongue. This circumstance could not but make itself felt in my
+treatment of the subject, since it was quite needless to print once more
+in their entirety various documents discussed by MAJOR. There was the
+less need for such republication in cases which would admit of the
+results of Dutch exploratory voyages being exhibited in the simplest and
+most effective way by the reproduction of charts made in the course of
+such voyages themselves: these charts sometimes speak more clearly to the
+reader than the circumstantial journals which usually, though not always,
+are of interest for our purpose only by specifying the route followed,
+the longitudes and latitudes taken, and the points touched at by the
+voyagers. These considerations have in some cases led me only to mention
+certain documents, without printing them in full, and the circumstance
+that my Tasman publication has been brought out in English, will
+sufficiently account for the absence from this work of the journal of
+Tasman's famous expedition of 1642/3.[*]
+
+[* I would have the present work considered as forming one whole with my
+Tasman publication and with the fascicule of _Remarkable Maps_, prepared
+by me, containing the Nolpe-Dozy chart of 1652-3 (Cf. my Life of Tasman,
+pp. 75 f). Together they furnish all the most important pieces of
+evidence discovered up to now, for the share which the Netherlanders have
+had in the discovery of Australia.]
+
+{Page iii}
+
+The documents, here either republished or printed for the first time, are
+all of them preserved in the State Archives at the Hague[*], unless
+otherwise indicated. They have been arranged under the heads of the
+consecutive expeditions, which in their turn figure in chronological
+order. This seemed to me the best way to enable readers to obtain a clear
+view of the results of the exploratory voyages made along the coasts of
+Australia by the Netherlanders of the seventeenth and eighteenth
+centuries.
+
+[* My best thanks are due to Jhr. Th. Van Riemsdijk, LL. D., Principal
+Keeper, and to Dr. T. H. Colenbrander, Assistant-Keeper, of the State
+Archives of the Hague.]
+
+For this and this only, was the object I had in view in selecting the
+materials for the present work: once more, as completely and convincingly
+as I could, to set forth the part borne by the Netherlanders in the
+discovery of the fifth part of the world. I have not been actuated by any
+desire to belittle the achievements of other nations in this field of
+human activity. The memorial volume here presented to the reader aims at
+nothing beyond once more laying before fellow-countrymen and foreigners
+the _documentary evidence_ of Dutch achievement in this field; perhaps I
+may add the wish that it may induce other nations to follow the example
+here given as regards hitherto unpublished documents of similar nature.
+Still, it would be idle to deny that it was with a feeling of national
+pride that in the course of this investigation I was once more
+strengthened in the conviction that even at this day no one can justly
+gainsay MAJOR'S assertion on p. LXXX of his book, that "the first
+authenticated discovery of any part of the great Southland" was made in
+1606 by a Dutch schip the Duifken. All that is asserted regarding a
+so-called previous discovery of Australia has no foundation beyond mere
+surmise and conjecture. Before the voyage of the ship Duifken all is an
+absolute blank.
+
+II.
+
+CHRONOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE DUTCH DISCOVERIES ON THE MAINLAND COAST OF
+AUSTRALIA.
+
+If one would distribute over chronological periods the voyages of
+discovery, both accidental and of set purpose, made by the Netherlanders
+on the mainland coast of Australia, it might be desirable so to adjust
+these periods, that each of them was closed by the appearance in this
+field of discovery and exploration, of ships belonging to other European
+nations.
+
+The first period, extending from 1595 to 1606, would in that case open
+with the years 1595-6, when JAN HUYGEN VAN LINSCHOTEN, in his highly
+remarkable book entitled _Itinerario_, imparted to his countrymen what he
+knew about the Far East; and it would conclude with the discovery of
+Torres Strait by the Spaniards in 1606, a few months after Willem Jansz.
+in the ship Duifken had discovered the east-coast of the Gulf of
+Carpentaria, the latter discovery forming the main interest of this
+period.
+
+The second period may be made to extend from 1606 to 1622, i.e. from the
+appearance of the Spaniards on the extreme north-coast of the fifth part
+of the world, to the year in which the English ship Trial was dashed to
+pieces on a rock to westward of the west-coast of Australia; the
+discovery of this west-coast by the Dutch in and after 1616, and of the
+south-western extremity of the continent in 1622, constituting the main
+facts of the period.
+
+{Page iv}
+
+We next come to the palmiest period of Dutch activity in the discovery of
+Australia (1622-1688), terminating with the first exploratory voyage of
+importance undertaken by the English, when in 1688 William Dampier
+touched at the north-west coast of Australia. This period embraces the
+very famous, at all events remarkable, voyages of Jan Carstensz (1623),
+of Pool and Pieterszoon (1636), of Tasman (1642-1644), of Van der Wall
+(1678), etc.
+
+The last period with which we wish to deal, lies between Dampier's
+arrival and Cook's first visit to these regions (1688-1769), and is of
+secondary importance so far as Dutch discoveries are concerned. We may
+just mention Willem de Vlamingh's voyage of 1696-1697, and Maerten van
+Delft's of 1705; Gonzal's expedition (1756) is not quite without
+significance, but the results obtained in these voyages will not bear
+comparison with those achieved by the expeditions of the preceding
+period. Besides this, the English navigator Dampier and afterwards
+Captain Cook now began to inscribe their names on the rolls of history,
+and those names quite legitimately outshine those of the Dutch navigators
+of _the eighteenth century_. The palmy days of Dutch discovery fell in
+_the seventeenth century_.
+
+In some such fashion the history of the Dutch wanderings and explorations
+on the coasts of Australia might be divided into chronological periods.
+The desire of being clear has, however, led me to adopt another mode of
+treatment in this Introduction: I shall one after another discuss the
+different coast-regions discovered and touched at by the Netherlanders.
+
+III.
+
+THE NETHERLANDERS IN THE GULF OF CARPENTARIA[*]
+
+[* As regards the period extending from 1595-1644, see also my Life of
+Tasman, Ch. XII, pp. 88ff.]
+
+We may safely say that the information concerning the Far East at the
+disposal of those Dutchmen who set sail for India in 1595, was
+exclusively based on what their countryman JAN HUYGEN VAN LINSCHOTEN, had
+told them in his famous _Itinerario_. And as regards the present
+Australia this information amounted to little or nothing.
+
+Unacquainted as he was with the fact that the south-coast of Java had
+already been circumnavigated by European navigators, VAN LINSCHOTEN did
+not venture decidedly to assert the insular nature of this island. It
+might be connected with the mysterious South-land, the Terra Australis,
+the Terra Incognita, whose fantastically shaped coast-line was reported
+to extend south of America, Africa and Asia, in fact to the southward of
+the whole then known world. This South-land was a mysterious region, no
+doubt, but this did not prevent its coast-lines from being studded with
+names equally mysterious: the charts of it showed the names of Beach [*],
+the gold-bearing land (provincia aurifera), of Lucach, of Maletur, a
+region overflowing with spices (scatens aromatibus). Forming one whole
+with it, figured Nova Guinea, encircled by a belt of islands.
+
+[* That the Dutch identified Beach with the South-land discovered by them
+in 1616, is proved by No. XI A of the Documents (p. 14).]
+
+{Page v}
+
+So far the information furnished by VAN LINSCHOTEN [*]. At the same time,
+however, there were in the Netherlands persons who had other data to go
+by. In 1597 CORNELIS WIJTFLIET of Louvain brought out his _Descriptionis
+Plolomaicae augmentum_, which among the rest contained a chart on which
+not only Java figured as an island, but which also represented New Guinea
+as an island by itself, separated from Terra Australis. The question
+naturally suggests itself, whether this chart [**] will justify the
+assumption that the existence of _Torres Strait_ was known to WIJTFLIET.
+I, for one, would not venture to infer as much, seeing that in other
+respects this chart so closely reproduces the vague conjectures touching
+a supposed Southland found on other charts of the period, that
+WIJTFLIET'S open passage between New Guinea and Terra Australis cannot, I
+think, be admitted as evidence that he actually knew of the existence of
+Torres Strait, in the absence of any indications of the basis on which
+this notion of his reposed. Such indications, however, are altogether
+wanting: none are found in WIJTFLIET'S work itself, and other
+contemporary authorities are equally silent on the point in question
+[***].
+
+[* See No. I of the Documents, with charts Nos. 1 and 2.]
+
+[** COLLINGRIDGE, Discovery, p. 219, has a rough sketch of it.]
+
+[*** Cf. also my Life of Tasman, p. 89, and Note 8.]
+
+After this digression let us return to the stand-point taken up by the
+North-Netherlanders who first set sail for the Indies in 1595. They "knew
+in part" only: they were aware that they knew nothing with certitude. But
+their mercantile interests very soon induced them to try to increase and
+strengthen their information concerning the regions of the East. What
+sort of country after all was this much-discussed New-Guinea, they began
+to ask. As early as 1602 information was sought from the natives of
+adjacent islands, but these proved to have "no certain knowledge of this
+island of Nova Guinea" [*]. The next step taken was the sending out of a
+ship for the purpose of obtaining this "certain knowledge": there were
+rumours afloat of gold being found in New Guinea!
+
+[* See No. II of the Documents.]
+
+On the 28th of November 1605 the ship Duifken, commanded by Willem
+Jansz., put to sea from Bantam with destination for New Guinea. The ship
+returned to Banda from its voyage before June of the same year. What were
+the results obtained? What things had been seen by Willem Jansz. and his
+men? The journal of the Duifken's voyage has not come down to us, so that
+we are fain to infer its results from other data, and fortunately such
+data are not wanting. An English ship's captain was staying at Bantam
+when the Duifken put to sea, and was still there when the first reports
+of her adventures reached the said town. Authentic documents of 1618,
+1623, and 1644 are found to refer to her voyage. Above all, the journal
+of a subsequent expedition, the one commanded by Carstensz. in 1623,
+contains important particulars respecting the voyage of his predecessors
+in 1605-6. [*]
+
+[* See pp. 28, 42, 43, 45 _infra_. I trust that these data will go far to
+remove COLLINGRIDGE'S doubt (Discovery p. 245) as to whether the ship
+Duifken sailed farther southward than 8 deg. 15'.]
+
+On the basis of these data we may safely take for granted the following
+points. The ship Duifken struck the south-west coast of New Guinea in
+about 5 deg. S. Lat., ran along this coast on a south-east course [*], and
+sailed past the narrows now known as Torres Strait. Did Willem Jansz.
+look upon these narrows as an open strait, or did he take them to be a
+bay only? My answer is, that most probably he was content to leave this
+point altogether undecided; seeing that Carstensz. and his men in 1623
+thought to find an "open passage" on the strength of information given by
+a chart with which they had been furnished. [**] This "open passage" can
+hardly refer to anything else than Torres Strait. But in that case it is
+clear that Jansz. cannot have solved the problem, but must have left it a
+moot point. At all events he sailed past the strait, through which a few
+months after him Luiz Vaez de Torres sailed from east to west.
+
+
+[* As regards the names given on this expedition to various parts of this
+coast, see my Life of Tasman, pp. 90-91, and chart No. 3 on p. 5
+_infra_.]
+
+[** See pp. 47, 66 _infra_.]
+
+{Page vi}
+
+Jansz. next surveyed the east-coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria as far as
+about 13 deg. 45'. To this point, the farthest reached by him, he gave the
+name of Kaap-Keerweer [Cape Turn-again]. That skipper Jansz. did not
+solve the problem of the existence or non-existence of an open passage
+between New Guinea and the land afterwards visited by him, is also proved
+by the circumstance that even after his time the east-coast of the Gulf
+of Carpentaria was also called New Guinea by the Netherlanders. Indeed,
+throughout the 17th and 18th centuries the Dutch discoverers continued in
+error regarding this point. They felt occasional doubts on this head [*]
+it is true, but these doubts were not removed.
+
+[* See _inter alia_ a report of a well-known functionary of the E.I.C.,
+G. E. RUMPHUS, dated after 1685 in LEUPE Nieuw-Guinea, p. 86: "The Drooge
+bocht [shallow bay], where Nova-Guinea is surmised to be cut off from the
+rest of the Southland by a passage opening into the great South-Sea,
+though our men have been unable to pass through it owing to the shallows,
+so that it remains uncertain whether this strait is open on the other
+side."]
+
+The Managers of the E.I.C. did not remain content with this first attempt
+to obtain more light [*] as regards these regions situated to eastward,
+the Southland-Nova Guinea as they styled it, using an appellation
+characteristic of their degree of knowledge concerning it. But it was not
+before 1623 that another voyage was undertaken that added to the
+knowledge about the Gulf of Carpentaria: I mean the voyage of the ships
+Pera and Arnhem, commanded by Jan Carstensz. and Willem Joosten van
+Colstjor or Van Coolsteerdt. [**]
+
+[* See pp. 6, 7-8, 13 and note 2 _infra_.]
+
+[** See the Documents under No. XIV (pp. 21 ff.), and especially chart
+No. 7 on p. 46.]
+
+On this occasion, too, the south-west coast of New Guinea was first
+touched at, after which the ships ran on on an eastern course. Torres
+Strait was again left alongside, and mistaken for a Drooge bocht,[*]
+"into which they had sailed as into a trap," and the error of New Guinea
+and the present Australia constituting one unbroken whole, was in this
+way perpetuated. The line of the east-coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria,
+"the land of Nova Guinea", was then followed up to about 17 deg. 8' (Staten
+river), whence the return-voyage was undertaken [**]. Along this coast
+various names were conferred. [***]
+
+[* As regards the attempts to survey and explore this shallow water, see
+_infra_ pp. 33-34]
+
+[** See p. 37 below.]
+
+[*** As regards this, see especially the chart on p. 46.--Cf. my Life of
+Tasman, pp. 99-100.]
+
+In the course of the same expedition discovery was also made of
+Arnhemsland on the west-coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria, and almost
+certainly also of the so-called Groote Eyland or Van der Lijns island
+(Van Speultsland) [*] The whole of the southern part of the gulf
+remained, however, unvisited.
+
+[* See my Life of Tasman, pp. 101-102; and pp. 47-48 below.]
+
+{Page vii}
+
+The honour of having first explored this part of the gulf in his second
+famous voyage of 1644 is due to our countryman Abel Janszoon Tasman
+together with Frans Jacobszoon Visscher and his other courageous
+coadjutors in the ships Limmen Zeemeeuw and Brak. [*] Abel Tasman's
+passagie [course] of 1644 lay again along the south-west coast of New
+Guinea; again also Tasman left unsolved the problem of the passage
+through between New Guinea and Australia: Torres Strait was again
+mistaken for a bay. The east-coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria was next
+further explored, and various new names were conferred especially on
+rivers on this coast, which most probably got the name of Carpentaria
+about this time; of the names then given a great many continue to figure
+in modern maps. After exploring the east-coast, Tasman turned to the
+south-coast of the gulf. In this latter case the results of the
+exploration proved to be less trustworthy afterwards. Thus Tasman mistook
+for a portion of the mainland the island now known as Mornington Island;
+the same mistake he made as regards Maria Eiland in Limmensbocht. For the
+rest however, the coast-line also of the south-coast was delineated with
+what we must call great accuracy if we keep in mind the defective
+instruments with which the navigators of the middle of the seventeenth
+century had to make shift. The west-coast of the gulf, too, was skirted
+and surveyed in this voyage; Tasman passed between this coast and the
+Groote (Van der Lijn's) eiland.
+
+[* See my Life of Tasman, pp. 115-118, and especially chart No. I of the
+Tasman Folio. Much information may also be gathered from chart No. 14 of
+the present work, since it registers almost the whole amount of Dutch
+knowledge about Australia circa 1700.]
+
+The entire coastline enclosing the Gulf of Carpentaria had accordingly
+now been skirted and mapped out. The value of Tasman's discoveries in
+this part of Australia directly appears, if we lay side by side, for
+instance, the chart of the upper-steersman De Leeuw [*], who formed part
+of the voyage of 1623, or Keppler's map of 1630 [**]; and Tasman's chart
+of 1644 [***], or Isaac De Graaff's made about 1700 [****], which last
+gives a pretty satisfactory survey of the results of Tasman's voyage of
+1644 so far as the Gulf of Carpentaria is concerned. Although Tasman's
+expedition of 1644 did not yield complete information respecting the
+coast-line of the Gulf, and although it is easy to point out
+inaccuracies, the additions made by this voyage to our knowledge on this
+point are so considerable that we may say with complete justice that
+while the discovery of the east-coast of the Gulf is due to Jansz. (1606)
+and Carstensz. (1623), it was Tasman who made known the south-coast and
+the greater part of the west-coast.
+
+[* No. 7 on p. 46.]
+
+[** No. 6 on p. 10.]
+
+[*** Chart No. I in the Tasman Folio.]
+
+[**** No. 14 below.]
+
+More than a century was to elapse before Dutch explorers again were to
+visit the Gulf of Carpentaria. In 1756 the east- and west-coast of it
+were visited first by Jean Etienne Gonzal and next by Lavienne Lodewijk
+van Assehens [*]. The expedition is of little interest as regards the
+surveying of the coast-line, but these explorers got into more frequent
+contact with the natives than any of their predecessors--what especially
+Gonzal reports on this subject, is certainly worth noting. Gonzal also
+first touched at the south-west coast of New Guinea, and next, again
+without becoming aware of the real character of Torres Strait, sailed to
+the east-coast of the Gulf, skirting the same up to about 13 deg. S. Lat.,
+after which he crossed to the west-coast. What he did there is of little
+interest. Van Asschen's experiences are of even less importance for our
+present purpose. One remark of his, however, is worth noting: he states
+namely that he found the east-coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria [**] to be
+"fully 12 miles more to eastward" than the charts at his disposal had led
+him to believe; and it would really seem to be a fact that Tasman had
+placed this coast too far to westward.
+
+[* See No. XXXVI _infra_.]
+
+[** The names there conferred by him on various parts of the coast, may
+be sufficiently gathered from Document No. XXXVI.]
+
+{Page viii}
+
+IV.
+
+THE NETHERLANDERS ON THE NORTH-WEST COAST OF AUSTRALIA.
+
+In a previous work [*] I have attempted to show that the discovery of
+Arnhemsland must beyond any doubt be credited to the voyage of the yacht
+Arnhem, commanded by Van Colster or Van Coolsteerdt, which took place in
+1623. Since the Journal and the charts of this voyage are no longer
+available, we are without the most important data for determining with
+certainty between what degrees of longitude the Arnhemsland then
+discovered was situated. To westward of it must be sought Van Diemens-
+and Maria's-land, touched at in 1636 by Pieter Pieterszoon with the ships
+Cleen Amsterdam and Wesell) [**]. There can be no doubt that Pieterszoon
+must have sailed far enough to westward to have passed Dundas Strait, and
+to have reached the western extremity of Melville Island (Roode hoek =
+red point). He took Dundas Strait to be not a strait, but a bay, and
+accordingly looked upon Melville Island not as an island, but as a
+portion of the mainland (Van Diemensland) [***].
+
+[* See my Life of Tasman, pp. 100-102, and the Documents under No. XIV, 2
+_infra_.]
+
+[** See the Documents under No. XXV.]
+
+[*** Maria-land lies immediately to eastward of Van Diemens-land, and to
+westward of Arnhems-land.]
+
+In the course of these two voyages of 1623 and 1636, therefore, the whole
+of the north-west coast from Melville Bay to Melville Island was surveyed
+by Dutch ships. But in the absence of charts made on these voyages it is
+impossible for us to say with certainty, whether the coastline can have
+been traced with correctness. On this point also more light is thrown by
+the well-known chart of 1644, in which the results of Tasman's voyages
+are recorded. Tasman sailed along the whole of the coast, but in this
+case too, his observations were not on all points accurate. Thus the
+situation of Wessel-eiland and the islets south of it, with respect to
+the mainland, is not given correctly by him; nor has he apprehended the
+real character of Dundas Strait and of Van Diemen's Gulf, so that also
+according to him Melville island forms part of the mainland. But for the
+rest Tasman's chart also in this case approximately reproduces the
+coast-line with so much correctness, that we find it quite easy [*] to
+point out on the maps of our time the results of the Dutch voyages of
+discovery in this part of the Australian coast.
+
+[* Chart No. 14 below may also be of excellent service here.]
+
+Far more accurate, however, than Tasman's chart is the chart which in
+1705 was made of the voyage of the ships Vossenbosch, de Waijer and
+Nova-Hollandia, commanded by Maarten van Delft [*]. This chart may at the
+same time be of service to elucidate Tasman's discoveries and those of
+his predecessors. It is to be regretted, therefore, that it only embraces
+a comparatively small portion of the north-west coast, namely the part
+extending from the west-coast of Bathurst island and the western
+extremity of Melville island to the eastern part of Coburg peninsula and
+Croker-island. This time again the real character of Dundas Strait and
+Van Diemens Gulf were not ascertained [**].
+
+[* See the Documents under No. XXXIII and Chart No. 15.]
+
+[** I subjoin the names of localities that are found in this chart, since
+the reproduction had to be made on too small a scale to allow of the
+names being distinctly visible to the naked eye. Going from west to east
+they are the following: Kliphoek, Duivelsklip, Droge Hoek, Boompjeshoek,
+Wille Hoek, Noordhoek van Van Diemens Land, Waterplacts, Vuyle Bocht,
+Vuijl Eijland, Hoek van Goede Hoop, Hoefyzer Hoek, Fortuyns Hoek, Schrale
+Hoek, Valsche Westhoek, Valsche Bocht, Bedriegers Hoek, Westhoek van 3
+Bergen's bocht of Vossenbos Ruyge Hoek, Orangie Hoek, Witte Hoek,
+Waterplacts, Alkier liggen drie bergen, Toppershoedje, Oosthoek van Drie
+Bergens bocht, Scherpen Hoek, Vlacke Hoek, Westhoek en Costhoek (van)
+Mariaes Land, Maria's Hoek, de Konijnenberg, Marten Van Delft's baai,
+Pantjallings Hoek, Rustenburg, Wajershoek, Hoek van Onier, Hoek van
+Canthier, P. Frederiksrivier, Jan Melchers Hoek. Pieter Frederiks Hoek,
+Roseboomshoek, W. Sweershoek, Hoek van Calmocrie.]
+
+{Page ix}
+
+V.
+
+THE NETHERLANDERS ON THE WEST- AND SOUTH-WEST COAST OF AUSTRALIA
+
+In the year 1616 the Dutch ship Eendracht, commanded by Dirk Hartogs on
+her voyage from the Cape of Good Hope to Batavia unexpectedly touched at
+"divers islands, but uninhabited" and thus for the first time surveyed
+part of the west-coas of Australia[*]. As early as 1619 this coast, thus
+accidentally discovered, was known by the name of Eendrachtsland or Land
+van de Eendracht. The vaguenes of the knowledge respecting the coast-line
+then discovered, and its extent, is not unaptly illustrated in a small
+map of the world reproduced as below, and found in {Page x} GERARDI
+MERCATORIS _Atlas sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica mundi et
+fabricati figura. De novo...auctus studio_ JUDOCI HONDIJ (Amsterodami;
+Sumptibus Johannis Cloppenburgij. Anno 1632) [**]. If, however, we
+compare this map of the world with KEPPLER'S map of 1630 [***], we become
+aware that Hondius has not recorded all that was then known in Europe
+respecting the light which since 1616 European explorers had thrown on
+the question of the western coast-line of Australia. In Keppler's map,
+namely, besides the English discovery of the Trial rocks (1622) [****],
+and the name "'T Landt van Eendracht" in fat characters, passing from the
+north to the south, we meet with the following names, which the smaller
+letters show to have been intended to indicate subordinate parts of
+Eendrachtsland: Jac. Rommer Revier [*****], Dirck Hartogs ree, F.
+Houtmans aebrooleus and Dedells lant. What is more, Keppler's map also
+exhibits the south-west coast of Australia.
+
+[* See on this point the Documents sub No. VII (pp. 8f.).--It will hardly
+be denied that these pieces of evidence may justly be called "documents
+immediately describing" Hartogs's dicsovery.]
+
+[** For my knowledge of this remarkable atlas I am indebted to Mr. ANTON
+MENSING, member of the firm of Messrs. Frederik Muller and Co., of
+Amsterdam. These gentlemen kindly enabled me to reproduce this chart for
+the present work. I received it too late to allow of its being placed
+among the charts accompanying the various documents.]
+
+[*** See Chart No. 6 on p. 10 below.]
+
+[**** See under No. XIII (p. 17) below.]
+
+[***** See on this point p. 54 _infra_ (No. XXII A and note 3).]
+
+[Map No. 18.  Typus orbis terrarum uit GERARDI MERCATORIS Atlas...De
+Novo...emendatus...studio JUDOCI HONDIJ, 1632.]
+
+Whence all those names? The answer to this question, and at the same time
+various other new features, are furnished by the chart of Hessel
+Gerritsz. of 1627 [*] and by the one dated 1618 [**], in which
+corrections have been introduced after date. The 1627 chart is specially
+interesting. Gerritsz., at the time cartographer in ordinary to the
+E.I.C., has "put together this chart of the Landt van d'Eendracht from
+the journals and drawings of the Steersmen", which means that he availed
+himself of authentic data [***]. He acquitted himself of the task to
+admiration, and has given a very lucid survey of the (accidental)
+discoveries made by the Dutch on the west-coast of Australia. In this
+chart of 1627 the Land of d'Eendracht takes up a good deal of space. To
+the north it is found bounded by the "Willemsrivier", discovered in July
+1618 by the ship Mauritius, commanded by Willem Janszoon [****].
+According to the chart this "river" is in about 21 deg. 45' S. Lat., but
+there are no reliable data concerning this point. If we compare Hessel
+Gerritsz's chart with those on which about 1700 the results of Willem De
+Vlamingh's expedition of 1696-7 were recorded [*****] we readily come to
+the conclusion that the ship Mauritius must have been in the vicinity of
+Vlaming Head (N.W. Cape) on the Exmouth Gulf. From Willem Janszoon's
+statements it also appears that on this occasion in 22 deg. an "island (was)
+discovered, and a landing effected." The island extended N.N.E. and
+S.S.W. on the west-side. The land-spit west of Exmouth Gulf may very
+possibly have been mistaken for an island. From this point then the
+Eendrachtsland of the old Dutch navigators begins to extend southward. To
+the question, how far it was held to extend, I answer that in the widest
+sense of the term ('t Land van Eendracht or the South-land, it reached as
+far as the South-coast, at all events past the Perth of our day) [******].
+In a more restricted sense it extended to about 25 deg. S.' Lat. In
+the latter sense it included the entrance to Shark Bay, afterwards
+entered by Dampier, and Dirk Hartogs island, likewise discovered by Dirk
+Hartogs.
+
+[* No. 4 on p. 9 _infra_.]
+
+[** No. 5 (folding map).]
+
+[*** It is evident that he did not use all the data then available. Thus,
+for instance, he left unused those furnished by the Zeewolf (No. VIII,
+pp. 10 ff. below), and those of the ship Leiden (No. XV, p. 49).]
+
+[**** See the Documents under No IX (pp. 12f.).]
+
+[***** Nos. 13 and 14]
+
+[****** Chart No. 14]
+
+{Page xi}
+
+More to southward we find in the chart of 1627 I. d'Edels landt, made in
+July 1619 by the ships Dordrecht and Amsterdam, commanded by Frederik De
+Houtman and Jacob Dedel [*]. To the north of Dedelsland the coast is
+rendered difficult of access by reefs, the so-called (Frederik De)
+Houtmans-Abrolhos (now known as the Houtman Rocks), also discovered on
+this occasion [**]. To the south, in about 32 deg. S. Lat. [***] Dedelsland
+is bounded by the Landt van de Leeuwin, surveyed in 1622 [****]. Looking
+at the coast more closely still, we find in about 29 deg. 30, S. Lat. the
+name Tortelduyff (Turtle Dove Island), to the south of Houtmans Abrolhos,
+an addition to the chart dating from about 1624 [*****].
+
+[* See the documents sub No. XI (pp. 14 ff.). If NORDENSKIOeLD had known
+these documents, he would have withheld the second alinea on p. 199 of
+his interesting _Periplus_.--The doubts, also, concerning Frederik De
+Houtman's share in the discoveries on the west-coast of Australia,
+expressed by COLLINGRIDGE (_Discovery_ p. 304), CALVERT (_Discovery_, p.
+25), and others, are now likely to be set at rest.]
+
+[** They were then held to lie in 28 deg. 46'. On this point see also the
+documents of PELSAERT'S shipwreck (No. XXIII, pp. 55 ff).]
+
+[*** About this latitude, between 32 deg. and 33 deg. S. Lat., also De Houtman
+and Dedel estimated themselves to be, when they first came upon land.
+They afterwards ran on on a northerly course.]
+
+[**** See the documents sub No. XII (p. 17).]
+
+[***** See No. XVI (p. 50) below, and the highly curious charts Nos. Nos.
+16 and 17.]
+
+So much for the highly interesting chart of Hessel Gerritsz of the year
+1627. If we compare with it the revised edition of the 1618 chart, we are
+struck by the increase of our forefathers' knowledge of the south-west
+coast. This revised edition gives the entire coast-line down to the
+islands of St. Francois and St. Pieter (133 deg. 30' E. Long. Greenwich),
+still figuring in the maps of our day: the Land of Pieter Nuyts,
+discovered by the ship het Gulden Zeepaard in 1627 [*].
+
+[* See No. XVIII (p. 51) below.]
+
+North of Willemsrivier, this so-called 1618 chart has still another
+addition, _viz_. G. F. De Witsland, discovered in 1628 by the ship Vianen
+commanded by G. F. De Witt [*]. In this case, too, it is difficult to
+determine exactly the longitudes between which the coast-line thus
+designated is situated. [**] But with great distinctness the chart
+exhibits the chain of islands of which the Monte Bello and tha Barrow
+islands are the principal, and besides, certain islands of the Dampier
+Archipelago, afterwards so called after the celebrated English navigator.
+I would have these observations looked upon as hints towards the more
+accurate determination of the site of this De Wit's land, and they may be
+of the more value since the small scale of the chart renders an exact
+determination of it exceedingly difficult.
+
+[* See No. XXI (p. 54) below.]
+
+[** See, however, No. XXI., C. _infra_.]
+
+In Gerritsz's chart of 1627, as well as in the so-called 1618 one, we are
+struck by the fact, that on the west-coast the coast-line shows breaks in
+various places: De Witt's land is not connected with the coast of
+Willems-rivier; the coast-line of Eendrachtsland does not run on; there
+is uncertainty as regards what is now called Shark-bay; the coast facing
+Houtmans Abrolhos is a conjectural one only; the coast-line facing
+Tortelduyf is even altogether wanting; Dedelsland and 't Land van de
+Leeuwin are not marked by unbroken lines. This fragmentary knowledge
+sufficiently accounts for the fact, that about the middle of the
+seventeenth century navigators were constantly faced by the problem of
+the real character of the South-land: was it one vast continent or a
+complex of islands? And the question would not have been so repeatedly
+asked, if the line of the west-coast had been more accurately known.
+
+{Page xii}
+
+Tasman and Visscher [*] did a great deal towards the solution of this
+problem, since in their voyage of 1644 they also skirted and mapped out
+the entire line of the West-coast of what since 1644 has borne the name
+of Nieuw-Nederland, Nova Hollandia, or New Holland, from Bathurst Island
+to a point south of the Tropic of Capricorn. In this case also certain
+mistakes were committed: they failed, for instance, to recognise the real
+character of Bathurst Island, which, like Melville Island, they looked
+upon as forming part of the mainland; but if we make due allowance for
+the imperfection of their means of observation, we are bound to say that
+the coast-line has by them been mapped out with remarkable accuracy [**].
+
+[* I pass by certain other exploratory voyages on the westcoast (see e.g.
+No. XXIV. _infra_, etc.).]
+
+[** Cf. Tasman's chart of 1644 in the Tasman Folio.]
+
+About fifteen years after the west-coast was more accurately mapped out
+also, to the south of the tropic of Capricorn. In the year 1658 Samuel
+Volekersen with the ship de Wakende Boei [Floating Buoy], and Aucke
+Pieters Jonck with the ship Emeloord surveyed a portion of the
+west-coast, and the charts then made have been preserved [*]. The
+coast-line from a point near the Tortelduyf down to past Rottenest (the
+large island on which Volkertsen did not confer a name, preferring to
+"leave the naming to the pleasure of the Hon. Lord Governor-General") and
+the present Perth, were surveyed with special care. In the same year the
+ship Elburg, commanded by Jacob Peereboom, brought in further reports
+about the Land van de Leeuwin, where she had been at anchor "in Lat. 33 deg.
+14' South, under a projecting point" (in Geographe Bay?).
+
+[* See _infra_ No. XXIX., pp. 75 ff., and the charts sub No. XXIX. E, F
+and I.]
+
+The surveying of the lines of the west-coast was finally brought to a
+close by the exploratory voyage of Willem De Vlamingh in 1696-7 with the
+ships Geelvink,  Nijptang, and het Wezeltje. A remarkable chart referring
+to this voyage, here reproduced [*], as well as the ISAAC DE GRAAFF chart
+[**] of _circa_ 1700, give an excellent survey of the expedition. The
+whole coast-line from the so-called Willemsrivier (N.W. Cape) to a point
+south of Rottenest, Garden-island and Perth, was now mapped out. And
+that, too, with great accuracy. Thus, for instance, the true situation of
+the belt of islands enclosing Shark Bay was this time observed with
+unerring exactitude, and Shark Bay itself actually discovered, though its
+discovery is usually credited to Dampier (August, 1699).
+
+[* No. 13.]
+
+[* No. 14.]
+
+VI.
+
+THE NETHERLANDERS TO EASTWARD OF PIETER NUYTS-LAND.
+
+The south-east- and east-coasts of Australia have never been visited by
+the ships of the East India Company. Tasman and Visscher [*] discovered
+Tasmania (Van Diemen's land) in 1642, but were unaware of the existence
+of what is now known as Bass Strait; they discovered the west-coast of
+New Zealand (Staten-land) and certain island-groups east of Australia,
+but did not touch at or sight the east-coast of Australia. Of course,
+after the discovery of the west-coast of New Zealand and of the
+island-groups east of Australia [**], the existence of an east-coast of
+Australia to westward of the regions thus discovered, was an indubitable
+fact, but this east-coast itself was never visited by the Netherlanders.
+
+[* See the journal of this voyage and the discussion of it in my Tasman
+Folio.]
+
+[** In the year 1616 Lemaire and Schouten (No. V), and in 1722 Roggeveen
+(No. XXXIV), also touched at various island-groups east of Australia, but
+these voyages fall outside the plan of the present work.]
+
+{Page xiii}
+
+VII.
+
+OBJECT OF THE DUTCH VOYAGES FOR THE DISCOVERY OF THE
+SOUTH-LAND.--CONCLUSION.
+
+Although it is quite true that the south-east- and east-coasts of the
+Australian continent were not discovered by Dutch ships, still it is an
+undoubted fact that, so far as is known up to now, the whole of the
+Australian coast-line from Prince of Wales Island and York Peninsula and
+along the Gulf of Carpentaria, the north- and north-west-coast of
+Australia then following, the whole of the west-coast, and the
+south-coast down to the islands of St. Francois and St. Pieter (133 deg. 30'
+E. L. Greenwich) were in the 17th century discovered by vessels belonging
+to the Netherlands [*].
+
+[* It is true that Dampier touched at the north-west coast in 1688, but
+at that time this coast had already been surveyed by Dutch skippers.]
+
+We now come to the question of the object which the Dutch authorities had
+in view in arranging for the expeditions that ultimately led to these
+discoveries.
+
+In answering this question we shall have to distinguish between two
+different categories of voyages: among the voyages undertaken by
+Netherlanders that have led to discoveries on the coasts of Australia,
+there are some which were not begun with the express purpose of going in
+search of unknown lands; but there are others also that were undertaken
+expressly with this end in view. Of course the second class only can be
+called exploratory expeditions in a more restricted sense--the voyages of
+the first category became voyages of discovery through accidental
+circumstances.
+
+The discoveries on the west- and south-west coasts of Australia down to
+Tasman's time all bore an accidental character. Eendrachtsland was
+discovered by accident in the year 1616, and after that time a number of
+Dutch ships unexpectedly touched at those shores, thus continually
+shedding additional, though always imperfect light on the question of the
+conformation of the coast-line. How was it, we may ask, that it was
+especially after 1616 that this coast was so often touched at, whereas
+there had never been question of this before that time? The question thus
+put admits of avery positive answer.
+
+When the Netherlanders set sail for India for the first time, they
+naturally took the route which they knew to be followed by the
+Portuguese. After doubling the Cape of Good Hope, they directly continued
+their voyage on a north-eastern course, along the west-coast, or close by
+the east-coast, of Madagascar, and then tried to reach India coming from
+the west. To this route there were grave objections both as regards the
+winds prevailing in those latitudes, the intense heat soon encountered,
+the great number of "shallows or foul islands," etc. Besides, the voyage
+was apt to last very long. In 1611, however, certain ships going from the
+Netherlands to India followed another route: directly after leaving the
+Cape they ran on an eastern course (in about 36 deg. S. Lat.) for a
+considerable time, after which they tried to navigate to Java on a
+northerly course. The commander of these ships, the subsequent
+Governor-General {Page xiv} Hendrik Brouwer, wrote to the Managers of the
+E.I.C. about "this fairway" in highly laudatory terms. They adopted the
+idea suggested by Brouwer, of henceforth prescribing this route in the
+instructions for the commanders and skippers sailing for the Indies,
+leaving them a certain scope certainly as regards the latitude in which
+the said easterly course was to be followed, and the degree of longitude
+up to which it was to be kept. As early as the beginning of 1613 such a
+route was enjoined on the ships' captains by the Managers of the E.I.C.
+The ship Eendracht also was directed to follow this course: she ran so
+far to eastward as to come upon the west-coast of Australia, and the same
+thing happened to subsequent vessels.
+
+Although in the sense thus indicated we must here speak of _acczdental_
+discoveries on the west-coast, yet the Dutch authorities were fully aware
+of the importance of such discoveries. As early as 1618, the Managers of
+the E.I.C. were considering the possibility of "discovering the Southern
+Lands in passing," and in a letter of September 9, 1620, with reference
+to "the discovery of a vast land, situated south of Java...by the ship
+Eendracht", etc., they expressly enjoined the G.-G. and Counc. to
+dispatch a ship for the purpose of "resuming this work with some hope of
+success." The lands discovered were to be mapped out, and efforts made to
+ascertain "the situation and condition of the country, its productions,
+what commodities it yields, the character of the natives, their mode of
+life, etc."
+
+The Managers had not preached to deaf ears: the direction of the
+Company's affairs in India was at that time in the hands of Jan
+Pieternoon Coen, who, being himself strongly disposed in favour of
+extending the Dutch connections with the East [*], eagerly embraced the
+idea thus suggested, as is proved by the instructions, dated September
+29, 1622, for the ships Haring and Hazewind, "destined for the discovery
+of the South-land". [**] Thus we see that one of the projects
+contemplated by the Dutch authorities certainly was the dispatching of
+ships also to the west-coast of Australia for the purpose of further
+discovery and of definitely ascertaining the real state of affairs there.
+
+[* See below.]
+
+[** See below, No. XIII, B (pp. 18 ff.)]
+
+But not for the purpose of further discovery exclusively, although this
+continued to be "the principal end in view." The instructions of
+September 29, 1622, also point to other motives that led the
+Netherlanders to reckon also with regions to be first discovered, in
+carrying out their colonial policy. The commanders of this expedition
+were "specially to inquire what minerals, such as gold, silver, tin,
+iron, lead and copper, what precious stones, pearls, vegetables, animals
+and fruits, these lands yield and produce";--the commercial interests of
+the E.I.C.--and what was more natural in the case of a trading
+corporation?--were to take a foremost place. Wherever possible, also
+political connections were to be formed, and the countries discovered
+"to be taken possession of". The authorities were even considering the
+idea of at some future date "planting colonies" in some of the regions
+eventually to be discovered.
+
+Here we have the colonial policy of the E.I.C. of the period to its full
+extent: commerce, increase of territory, colonies. And these ideas were
+at the bottom of most of the voyages of discovery to the north-coast of
+Australia before Tasman, and of Tasman's voyages themselves. The
+celebrated voyage of the ship Duifken (1605-6) {Page xv} bears a
+character of intentionality, and if we bear in mind that the same ship's
+voyage of 1602 had for its professed object the extension of the
+Company's mercantile connections, we need not be in doubt as to this
+being equally the motive or one of the motives of the expedition on which
+she was dispatched in 1605-6. We know, moreover, that New Guinea was then
+reported "to yield abundance of gold." The three principles of colonial
+policy just mentioned also underlay the voyage undertaken by Jan
+Carstensz in 1623; for we know that this commander got the instructions
+drawn up for the ships Haring and Hazewind, but not then carried into
+effect, since these ships did not sail on their ordained expedition [*].
+These principles are found set forth with more amplitude than anywhere
+else in the instructions drawn up for Tasman and his coadjutors in 1642
+and 1644 [**]. The voyages, then planned, were to be undertaken "for the
+enlargement, increase and improvement of the Dutch East India Company's
+standing and commerce in the East."
+
+[* See below, p. 21, Note 1.]
+
+[** See these instructions in my Life of Tasman, pp. 131 ff. and 147 ff.]
+
+In the instructions for Tasman's voyage of 1644 the G.-G. and Counc.,
+who drew them up, could still refer to "the express commands of the
+'Heeren Maijoores" [*] to "attempt the discovery of Nova Guinea and other
+unknown Eastern and Southern lands." And it is a fact certainly, that in
+the first half of the seventeenth century the Governors-General who
+planned these exploratory voyages were in their endeavours supported by
+the Managers of the E.I.C. in the mother country [**]: it was especially
+Jan Pieterszoon Coen (1619-1623 and 1627-1629), Hendrik Broulwer
+(1632-1636) and Antonio van Diemen (1636-1645), who were most efficiently
+backed in their efforts for this purpose by their principals at home.
+Among these Governors-General Van Diemen holds the foremost place as
+regards the furtherance of discoveries by Netherlanders in the Far East:
+in the Pacific and on, "the mainland coasts of Australia." It is, with
+complete justice, therefore, that a foreign author mentions the name of
+Van Diemen as "a name which will ever rank among the greatest promotors
+of maritime discovery".[***]
+
+[* Meaning the Managers of the E.I.C.]
+
+[** See also the instructions for the voyage of 1636, p. 64 _infra_.]
+
+[*** BURNEY, Chronological History, III, p. 55. Speaking of Van Diemen,
+we must not omit to call the reader's attention to sentiments such as the
+following: "Whoever endeavours to discover unknown lands and tribes, had
+need to be patient and long-suffering, noways quick to fly out, but
+always bent on ingratiating himself" (p. 65 _infra_), a piece of advice
+elsewhere taking the form of a command, e.g. p. 66: "You will not carry
+off with you any natives against their will". And, sad to say, such
+injunctions were often imperiously necessary!]
+
+And this same eminent manager of the Company's interests in India lived
+to see at the end of his official career far narrower views about
+colonial policy not only take root in the mother-country (where isolated
+opinions that way had found utterance long before), but even get the
+upper hand in the Company's councils. Van Diemen's policy came ultimately
+to be condemned in the Netherlands, whatever homage might there be paid
+to his eminent talents, whatever acknowledgment vouchsafed to his great
+merits! It may almost be called a matter of course that great differences
+of opinions were bound surely, if slowly, to crop up between the Managers
+on one hand, and able Governors-General on the other, touching the line
+of conduct to be followed by the Netherlanders in the East. The Managers
+were in the first place the directors of a trading company: they hardly
+looked beyond the requirements of a purely mercantile policy. Eminent
+Governors-General on the contrary were conscious {Page xvi} of being more
+than this: they were not only the representatives of a body of merchants,
+they were also the rulers of a colonial empire which in the East was
+looked up to with dread, with hatred also sometimes, to be sure, but at
+the same time with respect and awe! There lay the ultimate cause of the
+fundamental difference of opinion respecting the colonial policy to be
+followed [*]. Van Diemen dreamt a bold dream of Dutch supremacy in the
+East and of the East India Company's mastery "of the opulent Indian
+trade." To this end he deemed necessary: "harassing of the enemy [**],
+continuation and extension of trade, together with the discovering or new
+lands." But if he had lived to read the missive [***], his grand projects
+would have received an effectual damper as he perused the letter
+addressed to him by the Lords Managers, on September 9, 1645, and
+containing the passage following: "[We] see that Your Worships have again
+taken up the further exploration of the coast of Nova Guinea in hopes of
+discovering silver- and gold-mines there. We do not expect great things
+of the continuation of such explorations, which more and more burden the
+Company's resources, since they require increase of yachts and of
+sailors. Enough has been discovered for the Company to carry on trade,
+provided the latter be attended with success. We do not consider it part
+of our task to seek out gold- and silver-mines for the Company, and
+having found such, to try to derive profit from the same; such things
+involve a good deal more, demanding excessive expenditure and large
+numbers of hands...These plans of Your Worships somewhat aim beyond our
+mark. The gold- and silver-mines that will best serve the Company's turn,
+have already been found, which we deem to be our trade over the whole of
+India..."
+
+[* I have dealt at some length with this subject in Vol. III
+('s-Gravenhage, NIJHOFF, 1895) of my _Bouwstoffen voor de geschiedenis
+der Nederlanders in den Maleiscken Arckipel_, pp. LVI ff.]
+
+[** The eighty years' war was still going on]
+
+[*** Van Diemen died April 19, 1645.]
+
+Is it wonderful that, where the supreme authorities of the E.I.C.
+regarded matters in this light, there was no longer question of
+exploratory voyages of any importance? The period of the great voyages of
+discovery undertaken by Netherlanders, accordingly terminates with Van
+Diemen's death. It is true that occasionally voyages of this nature were
+planned [*]; that Australia--not to go further afield--was also visited
+now and then in later times, but such visits either bore an incidental
+character, or formed part of expeditions undertaken for other purposes
+[**], the occasion being then used to "obtain once for all some full and
+reliable information touching the situation and coast-lines" of lands
+previously discovered.
+
+[* See p. 72 and Note below: 1645 and 1646.]
+
+[** Now, for instance (No. XXVIII, 1648), for the purpose of seeking
+another route than the customary one from Batavia to Banda, at another
+time (No. XXIX, 1656-1658) to inquire into the fate of a shipwrecked
+crew; or to prevent the voyages of William Dampier from entailing
+unpleasant consequences for the Dutch E.I.C. (1705, No. XXXIII).--Thus,
+in 1718, a Swiss of the name of J. P. Purry submitted to the Managers of
+the E.I.C. proposals for the further discovery of Nuytsland. The proposal
+was duly reported on, but ultimately laid aside _(Resolutions of the
+"Heeren XVII", Oclober 3, 1718, and March 11 1719; Resolution of the
+Amsterdam Chamber, April 17, 1719)_.]
+
+Still, we must not omit to mention that at the close of the seventeenth
+century a desire to contribute to the enlargement of geographical
+knowledge for a moment got a voice in the question of equipping vessels
+for expeditions sent out for this purpose. And this scientific impulse
+originated in the mother-country [*]. The impulse was undoubtedly given
+by the well-known burgomaster of Amsterdam and Manager of the E. I. C.,
+_Nicolaas Corneliszoon Witsen, LL D_, author of the work entitled {Page
+xvii} _Noord en Oost Tartarije_. He took a diligent part in the
+preparations for the voyage of skipper De Vlamingh: "We are having the
+vessels manned mainly with unmarried and resolute sailors; I have
+directed a draughtsman to join the expedition that whatever strange or
+rare things they meet with, may be accurately depicted". And Witsen
+anxiously awaited the outcome of De Vlamingh's expedition. He was
+disappointed by the results: the commander had indeed "surveyed and made
+soundings on the coasts, but had made few landings." At the same time
+Manager Witsen mentions not without some satisfaction the results of this
+voyage, meagre though they may be in his eyes, in letters to friends both
+at home and abroad, imparting to them what he has learned on the subject
+[**]. A few years later, however, he bitterly complains of the
+indifference of many of his countrymen in those days: "What does Your
+Worship care about curious learning from India," he grumbles in a letter
+to one of his friends [***] "no, sir, it is money only, not learned
+knowledge that our people go out to seek over there, the which is sorely
+to be regretted."
+
+[* _Resolution of the "Heeren XVII", August 25, 1692; see also p. 60
+infra._]
+
+[** As regards this see J F GEBHARD _Het leven van Witsen_ I., pp. 480 f.:
+II. pp. 260 f. (Letter of Witsen to "Dr. Martin Lister, fellow of the
+Colledge of Physicians and R. S., concerning some late observations in
+Nova Hollandia" October 3, 1698), pp. 299 f. (Letter to Gijsbert Cuper at
+Deventer, 1698?) pp. 407, 414, 416]
+
+[*** Witsen to Cuper, August 1, 1712 (GEBHARD p. 480).]
+
+"The which is sorely to be regretted!"...The times of Van Diemen had
+failed to return; the spirit by which he was imbued no longer presided
+over the debates on colonial matters. But his name is indissolubly bound
+up with the palmy days of Dutch discovery in the Far East, initiated by
+the East India Company.
+
+Fortunately, in our time Holland again bears a part in what is done by
+cultured Europe for the scientific exploration of the unknown regions of
+the world. In this field of inquiry the nineteenth century has again
+beheld her sons take a place which the achievements of their forefathers
+have as it were by right of inheritance assigned to them.
+
+* * * * *
+* * *
+
+{Page 1}
+
+
+
+DOCUMENTS.
+
+
+
+I.
+
+
+(1595) DUTCH NOTIONS RESPECTING THE SOUTH-LAND IN 1595.
+
+
+_Itinerario, Voyage ofte Schipvaert, van JAN HUYGEN VAN LINSCHOTEN naer
+Oost ofte Portugaels Indien [Itinerary, Voyage or Navigation of J. H. v.
+L. to Eastern or Portuguese India]_...t' Amstelredam. By Cornelis Claesz
+opt Water, in 't Schrijf-boeck by de Oude Brugghe. Anno CIC.IC.XCVI
+(1596?-Ed.)[*].
+
+[* There may have been an earlier edition of this book. At all events,
+the Netherlanders who in 1595 undertook the first voyage from Holland to
+India, were acquainted with the work either in manuscript or in print.
+See the journal of this voyage, kept by Frank Van der Does, one of the
+sharers of the expedition, and printed in the second volume of J. K. J.
+De JONGE'S well-known book: De Opkomst van het Nederlandsch gezag in
+Oost-Indie [The Rise of the Dutch power in the East Indies] ('s
+Gravenhage, Amsterdam MDCCCLXIV), pp. 287-372. It may safely be assumed
+that Van Linschoten's book contains everything that the Dutch knew of
+the East, when in 1595 Dutch vessels were first sent out to those remote
+regions. Charts Nos 1 (a part of the _Orbis terrarum combmdiosa
+descriptio_. Antverpiae apud joafiem Baptistam Vrient), and 2 (a part of
+the _Exacta & accurata delineatio cum orarum maritimarum tum eijam
+locorum terrestrium quae in regionibus Chiua...una cum omnium vicinarum
+instilarum descriptjone ut sunt Sumatra, Java utraque_...) give a survey
+of this knowledge so far as our present purpose is concerned. I have made
+use of a copy of Van Linschoten's work in the library of the Leyden
+University.]
+
+Pag. 25. Chapter the Twentieth.
+
+Concerning the island of Java Mayor, together with its commodities,
+merchandise and dealings, weights, coins and value of the same, and other
+particulars.
+
+[Map No. 1.   Gedeelte der (Part of the) _Orbis terrae compendiosa
+describtio_]
+
+{Page 2}
+
+South-south-east, facing the farthest extremity of the island of Samatra,
+south of the line _equinoctial_, lies the island called _Java Mayor_, or
+great _Java_...This island begins in 7 degrees Latitude South, and
+extends east by south a length of 150 miles but of its breadth nothing is
+known up to now, since it has not yet been explored, nor is this known to
+the inhabitants themselves. Some suppose it to be a mainland, [forming
+part] of the land called Terra incognita, which would then extend
+hitherward from beyond the _C de boa Esperanca_ but of this there is no
+certitude hitherto, so that it is usually accounted an island...
+
+[Map No. 2.   Gedeelte der (Part of the) _Exacta & accurata delineatio
+cum orarum maritimarum tum etjam locorum terrestrium, quae in regjonibus
+China...una cum omnium vicinarum insularum descriptjone ut sunt Sumatra,
+Java utraque_]
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 3}
+
+
+
+II.
+
+
+(1602). NOTICES OF THE SOUTH-COAST OF NEW GUINEA IN 1602.
+
+
+_Journal or Daily Register_, begun on the 22nd day of April, A.D. 1601,
+kept on board the sho Gelderlant...
+
+This 10th day of April 1602.
+
+The meeting of the Plenary Council [*] having been convened by order of
+the Lord Admiral [**] to resolve to dispatch the yacht called Duyffken to
+the island of Ceram, the Council have drawn up the Instructions
+following, which Supercargo Master Claes Gaeff [and] skipper Willem
+Cornelisz Schouten will have to act up to.
+
+[* The joint council of all the ships forming the flotilla to which the
+Gelderland belonged.]
+
+[** Wolphert Hermanszoon.]
+
+_Imprimis_ he will have to navigate to the island of Ceran, and there
+call at the ports or roads following, to wit: Queuin, Quelibara,
+Quelilonhen or Goulegoubj [*], and failing these, at certain others where
+profitable dealings may be expected...
+
+[* Keffing, Kilwaroc,...Goeli-goeli. These place-names go to show, that
+by Ceram are meant the south-eastern extremity of Ceram and the
+Ceram-Laut islands.]
+
+_Secondly_, [he will have to inquire] whether there is anything to be had
+there besides sago; their way of doing business and in what places; what
+commodities had best be sent thither; and to what limits their farthest
+navigation extends; also, whether they have any knowledge of Nova Guinea;
+whether they have ever sent ships thither, or whether ships from Nova
+Guinea have ever come to Ceran. In the island of Banda, actum April the
+10th, A.D. 1602, on board the ship Gelderlandt. God send his blessing
+unto salvation. Amen.
+
+* * *
+
+Laus deo A.D. 1602 This 15th day of May in the island of Banda.
+
+A brief account of certain islands with which they of the islands of
+Ceran and, Banda carry on trade...
+
+They can say nothing certain respecting the island of Nova Guinea, but
+say that there are white people living on the south side, inhabited by
+Portuguese [*], but [the people of the parts of Ceram visited by the
+Dutch] had never seen any Portuguese ships. They can give no information
+about their dealings and commodities.
+
+[* If any reliance can be placed on this report, it proves that in 1602
+the Portuguese were acquainted with the South(-west) coast of New Guinea.
+But considering the fact that the Dutch were utterly unacquainted with
+New Guinea, it is _quite possible_ that on this point they misunderstood
+the inhabitants of the parts of Ceram visited by them.]
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 4}
+
+
+
+III.
+
+
+(1605-1606).VOYAGE OF THE SHIP DUIFKEN UNDER COMMAND OF WILLEM
+JANSZ(OON) AND JAN LODEWIJKSZOON ROSINGEYN TO NEW GUINEA.--DISCOVERY OF
+THE EAST-COAST OF THE PRESENT GULF OF CARPENTARIA.
+
+
+A.
+
+_HACKLUYTUS Posthumus or PURCHAS his Pilgrimes Contayning a History of
+the World in Sea voyages, & lande-Travells by Englishmen & others._
+
+English Voyages beyond the East-Indies, to the islands of Japan, China,
+Cauchinchina, the Philipinae with others; and the Indian navigations
+further prosecuted...
+
+THE FOURTH BOOKE.
+
+Chap. II.
+
+Observations of Captaine Iohn Saris, of occurrents which happened in the
+East-Indies during his abode at Bantam, from October 1605, till October
+1609...
+
+The eighteenth [November 1605] [*] heere [**] departed a small Pinnasse
+of the _Flemmings_, for the discovery of the Land called Nova Guinea
+which, as it is said, affordeth great store of Gold...
+
+[* Old style: therefore November 28, 1605.]
+
+[** Bantam.]
+
+The fifteenth [*] of June [1606] heere [**] arrived _Nockhoda_ [***]
+_Tingall_, a Cling-man from _Banda_, in a _Java_ juncke...
+
+[* Old style: therefore Junr 25, 1606.]
+
+[** Bantam.]
+
+[*** Nachoda or Anachoda: a skipper.]
+
+He told me that the _Flemmings_ Pinasse which went upon discovery for
+_Nova Ginny_, was returned to Banda, having found the Iland: but in
+sending their men on shoare to intreate of Trade, there were nine of them
+killed by the Heathens, which are man-eaters; So they were constrained to
+returne, finding no good to be done there.
+
+B.
+
+_Instructions drawn up to serve as a basis for Answers on the part of the
+General United E.I.C. to the advice given by the Lords States of Holland
+and Westfriesland, touching the Charter of the Australia Company. Laid
+before the Council, Aug. 2, 1618._
+
+...So that the E.I.C. opines that in every case the Australia Company
+aforesaid ought to be excluded from the Southern parts, situated between
+the Meridian passing through the Eastern extremity of Ceylon and the
+Meridian lying a hundred miles eastward of the Salomon islands; seeing
+that the United East India Company has repeatedly given orders for
+discovering and exploring _the land of Nova Guinea and the islands
+situated east of the same_, since, equally by her orders, such discovery
+was once tried about the year 1606 with the yacht de Duyve by skipper
+Willem Jansz and subcargo Jan Lodewijs van Rosingijn, who made sundry
+discoveries on the said coast of Nova Guinea, as is amply set forth in
+their journals. [*]
+
+[* In 1618, therefore, there must have been extant journals of the
+expedition of 1605-6.]
+
+{Page 5}
+
+C.
+
+See _infra_ the _Journal of the voyage Of JAN CARSTENSZOON 1623, at the
+dates:_ March 7, May 11, 12, 15.
+
+D.
+
+South-eastern part of the Map _Indiae Orientalis Nova descriptio_ in the
+atlas JOANNES JANSSONIUS-MERCATOR-HONDIUS 1633 [*]
+
+[* The whole map is reproduced in _Remarkable Maps_ (II, 7.) See also C.
+H. COOTE'S Introduction; P. A. TIELE: Nederlandsche Bibliographic van
+Land- en Volkenkunde, s. vv. Janssonius and Mercator, and my Life of
+Tasman, p. 91, note I.]
+
+
+[Map No. 3. Zuidoostelijk gedeelte der Kaart (South-eastern part of the
+Map) _Indiae Orientalis Nova descriptio_]
+
+E.
+
+_Instructions for Skipper Commander Abel Jansen Tasman, Skipper
+Pilot-Majjr Frans Jacobsen Visscher, and the Council of the Yachts
+Limmen, Zeemeeuw, and the Quel de Brack, destined for the further
+discovery of Nova Guinea, and of the unknown coasts of the discovered
+East- and South-lands, together with the channels and islands presumably
+situated between and near the same._
+
+* * *
+
+Both by word of mouth and through the perusal of Journals, Charts and
+other writings, it is in the main well-known to you, how the successive
+Governors of India, at {Page 6} the express command of our Lords and
+Masters the "Heeren XVII", have, in order to the aggrandisement,
+enlargement and improvement of the Dutch East India Company's standing
+and trade in the East, divers times diligently endeavoured to make timely
+discovery of the vast country of Nova Guinea and of other unknown Eastern
+and Southern regions; to wit, that four several voyages have up to now
+with scant success been made for this desired discovery; of the which
+voyages the first was undertaken in the year 16066 with the Yacht 't
+Duyffken, by order, of President Jan Willemsz Verschoor (who then managed
+the Company's affairs in Bantham), on which voyage the islands of Key and
+Arouw were visited in passing, and the unknown south and west coasts of
+Nova Guinea were discovered over a length of 220 miles from 5 to 133/4
+degrees Southern Latitude, it being only ascertained that vast regions
+were for the greater part uncultivated, and certain parts inhabited by
+savage, cruel, black barbarians who slew some of our sailors, so that no
+information was obtained touching the exact situation of the country and
+regarding the commodities obtainable and in demand there.\; our men
+having by want of provisions and other necessaries, been compelled to
+return and give up the discovery they had begun, only registering in
+their chart with the name of Cape Keer-weer the extreme point of the
+discovered land in 133/4 degrees Southern Latitude.
+
+In the castle of Batavia, this 29th of January Ao 1644. Signed ANTONIO
+VAN DIEMEN, CORNELIS VAN DER LIJN, JOAN MAETSUIJCKER, JUSTUS SCHOUTEN and
+SALOMON SWEERS.
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+IV.
+
+
+(1607). FRESH EXPEDITION TO NEW GUINEA BY THE SHIP DUIFKE.
+
+Second volume of "_Het begin ende voortgangh der Vereenighde
+Nederlantsche Geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische Compagnie._ Gedruckt in den
+jaere des Heeren 1646" [Rise and Progress of the United Netherlands
+Chartered East India Company. Printed Anno Domini 1646].
+
+A Narrative and Journal of the voyage made from Bantam to the coast of
+Choromandel and other parts of India, by Supercargo PAULUS VAN SOLT in
+the years 1605 1606, 1607, 1608.
+
+* * *
+
+"On the 4th of March 1607, through God's mercy [we] arrived before the
+Castle [of Victoria in Amboyna]...here we found...the yacht Duyfken,
+which had come from Nova Guinea"...
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+V.
+
+
+(1616). VOYAGE OF THE SHIPS EENDRACHT AND HOORN, COMMANDED BY JACQUES
+LE MAIRE AND WILLEM CORNELISZOON SCHOUTEN THROUGH THE PACIFIC OCEAN AND
+ALONG THE NORTH-COAST OF NEW GUINEA.
+
+One of the journals of this voyage has been repeatedly printed in various
+languages. (See TIELE, Memoire Bibliographique, pp. 42-62, and the same
+writer's Bibliographic Land- en Volkenkunde, s. vv. Begin ende
+Voortgangh, Herrera, W. Cz. Schouten, and Spilbergen). I need not,
+therefore, go into detail on this point here. The voyage was begun on the
+14th of June 1615, and in January 1616 the strait of {Page 7} Le Maire
+was discovered. In the Pacific Ocean various islands unknown to the
+voyagers were touched at: _inter alia_ Kokos-island (Boscawen or Tafahi),
+Verraders-eiland [Traitors' island] (Keppel or Niutabutabu), (Goede) Hoop
+island (Nino-fa), the Hoornsche islands (Fotuna and Alofi). Besides,
+various islands east of New Guinea were surveyed, and New Ireland, New
+Hanover and the north-coast of New Guinea with the islands north of it
+(among others Schoutens island), sailed round or touched at.
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+VI.
+
+
+(1616). PROJECT FOR THE FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE SOUTH-LAND NOVA GUINEA.
+
+A.
+
+_Resolution of the Governor-General and Councillors, October 8, 1616._
+
+...Inasmuch as heretofore the Company has taken in hand to dispatch a
+ship for the discovery of the South-land-Nova-Guinea and the dependencies
+thereof, which project has not been executed owing to other intervening
+business, it has been resolved to take the said project once more in hand
+at the present time; and that to this end the Lord Admiral...[*] shall
+dispatch from Amboyna or Banda the ship de Jager with any other small
+yacht that should lie at anchor there, or happen to put into port, in
+order to the discovery of the lands aforesaid; seeing that it is much
+more convenient to visit those parts starting from here than from the
+Netherlands, and that the same can now be done without any inconvenience
+or detriment to the Company. And if in Amboyna or Banda no other yacht
+besides the ship de Jager should be found available, then the Lord
+Admiral shall be free to assign the ship Morgenster for the said
+purpose...
+
+[* Steven Van der Haghen.]
+
+B.
+
+_Resolution of the Governor-General and Councillors, October 21, 1616._
+
+...Considering the confident inclination to the said voyage evinced by
+the Lord Advocate Dedel [*], and the importance of this enterprise being
+conducted with great skill and judgment, it has been determined and
+resolved to employ the Advocate aforesaid in the said voyage, to the end
+that all things may be conducted in good order, with the requisite
+courage and resolution, for which purpose the Hon. Advocate will now
+depart for Amboyna with the Lord Admiral...
+
+[* Cornelis Dedel, LL. D.]
+
+C.
+
+_Letter from the Governor-General LAURENS REAEL to the Managers of the
+E.I.C., May 10, 1617._
+
+...Mr. Cornelis Dedel, LL. D., had by us been dispatched to this place
+[*] from the Moluccas, that with two or three yachts and pinnaces he
+might proceed to the discovery of the Southern lands, which undertaking
+had heretofore once more by order of...Admiraal Verhagen been engaged in
+by Jan Rossangin [**]. But when lying at anchor in Amboyna...Dedel's
+ships were employed on other services. [***]
+
+[* Reael was then staying in Banda.]
+
+[* This almost certainly refers to the voyage of 1605-6 under Willem
+Jansz. and Rosengein.]
+
+[* Although, as we see, the project was not carried into execution, I
+have thought it good to print the above documents, because they bear
+testimony to the earnest intention of the Dutch authorities in India once
+more to undertake the discovery of the "South-land" (at the same time the
+matter was by no means lost sight of in the Netherlands, as is proved by
+a resolution of the Managers of the E.I.C., of October 1616); [and]
+because document C in the text is _presumably_ fresh evidence for the
+voyage of 1605-6.]
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 8}
+
+
+
+VII.
+
+
+(1616). VOYAGE OF DE EENDRACHT UNDER COMMAND OF DIRK HARTOGS(ZOON).
+DISCOVERY OF THE WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA IN 1616: DIRK HARTOGS ISLAND AND
+-ROAD, LAND OF THE EENDRACHT OR EENDRACHTSLAND.
+
+A.
+
+_Letter of Supercargo Cornelis Buysero at Bantam to the Managers of the
+East India Company at Amsterdam._
+
+Worshipful, Wise, Provident, very Discreet Gentlemen,...
+
+...The ship Eendracht [*], with which they had sailed from the
+Netherlands, after communicating at the Cabo sailed away from them so
+far southward as to come upon 6 various islands which were, however,
+found uninhabited [**]...
+
+[* Commanded by Dirk Hartogs, or Hartogszoon.]
+
+[* What "uninhabited islands" the ship Eendracht "came upon", Buysero's
+letter does not say. Various authentic archival documents of 1618 and
+subsequent years, however, go to show that the land afterwards named
+Eendrachtsland or Land van de Eendracht, and the Dirk Hartogsreede
+(island) must have been discovered on this voyage.]
+
+Bantam, this last day of August, A.D. 1617.
+Your Worships' servant to command
+CORNELIS BUYSERO [*]
+
+[* Buysero was supercargo at Bantam (DE JONGE, Opkcornst, IV, p. 68,) and
+was therefore likely to be well informed as to the adventures of the
+ship, which had sailed from the Netherlands in January 1616, departed
+from the Cape of Good Hope in the last days of August, and had arrived in
+India in December of the same year, as appears from what Steven Van der
+Haghen, Governor of Amboyna, writes May 26, 1617: "That in the month of
+December 1616, the ship Eendracht entered the narrows between Bima and
+the land of Endea near Guno Api (Goenoeng Api) in the south of Java"
+(Sapi Straits).]
+
+B.
+
+_See infra Document No. IX, of 1618._
+
+It proves that as early as 1618 the name of Eendrachtsland was known in
+the Netherlands.
+
+C.
+
+The subjoined chart (reproduced on the original scale in _Remarkable
+Maps_, II, 4) was drawn by HESSEL GFRRITSZ, Cartographer in ordinary to
+the East India Company {Page 9} (Ress. of the "Heeren XVII", March 21,
+1619 and October 21, 1629). He had accordingly at his disposal the
+official documents referring to this discovery.
+
+[Map No. 4. Caert van (Chart of) 't Land van d'Eendracht Ao 1627 door
+HESSEL GERRITSZ]
+
+D.
+
+The interesting little folding chart, marked No. 5, is now in the
+possession of Jhr. J. E. Huydecoper van Maarsseveen en Nigtevegt, LL. D.,
+at Utrecht. It is bound up with the said gentleman's copy of Abel
+Janszoon Tasman's journal of his voyage of 1642-3 [*]. The chart clearly
+shows that at times in subsequent issues of certain charts the dates
+given in the first issue were retained, while numerous corrections were
+made in the chart itself.
+
+[* See my Life and Labours of TASMAN, p. 69.]
+
+{Page 10}
+
+E.
+
+Of the chart of which this is a small portion, a complete reproduction
+will be found in _Remarkable Maps_, II, 8. In 1630, accordingly, the
+discovery of Eendrachtsland was known at Nuremberg.
+
+
+[Map No. 6. Kaart van het Zuidland van (Alap of the Southland by) JOANNES
+KEPPLER en PHILIPPUS ECKEBRECHT, 1630]
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+VIII.
+
+
+(1618). VOYAGE OF THE SHIP ZEEWOLF, FROM THE NETHERLANDS TO INDIA,
+UNDER THE COMMAND OF SUPERCARGO PIETER DIRKSZOON AND SKIPPER HAEVIK
+CLAESZOON VAN HILLEGOM.--FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE WEST-COAST OF
+AUSTRALIA.
+
+_Letter of Supercargo Pieter Dirkszoon to the Managers of the E.I.C. at
+Amsterdam, dated June 24, 1618._
+
+A.
+
+Worshipful Wise Provident Very Discreet Gentlemen.
+
+By the ships T'Wapen van Zeelandt, den Eenhoorn and Enckhuyzen (which
+with full cargoes arrived at the Cape de bone Esperance from these parts
+of India) I have on the 22nd of March last [1618] briefly advised Your
+Worships of our safe arrival there...[*]
+
+[* The ship had sailed from the Netherlands in December 1617.]
+
+* * *
+
+{Page 11}
+
+Now with this ship den Witten Beer Your Worships may be pleased to
+receive news of the subsequent successful progress of our voyage to this
+part of India, viz. that on the 24th of the said month we sailed from the
+Taeffelbaey [Table Bay]...in the ship Seewolf for Bantam (pursuant to
+Your Worships' orders); in such fashion that by God's grace we soon got
+south as far as 37, 38 and 39 degrees, after which we held our course due
+east for a thousand miles before turning it northward; so that on the
+21st of May following we made the land in Cleyn Java about 6 or 8 miles
+east of the island of Bali; after which, passing between Bali and Cleyn
+Java, we came to anchor before our factory of Japara on the second day of
+June...
+
+Having on the 11th of May reached 21 deg. 15' S. Latitude, we saw and
+discovered...land about 5 or 6 miles to windward east of us, which in
+consequence we were unable to touch at. We observed it to be a level,
+low-lying shore of great length, and looking out from the top-mast we saw
+on both ends of it, to north as well as to southward, still other land
+which showed high and mountainous. But as the land bore eastward from us,
+and we could not have got higher without considerable inconvenience, we
+do not know whether it forms an unbroken coast-line, or is made up of
+separate islands. In the former case it might well be a mainland coast,
+for it extended to a very great length. But only the Lord knows the real
+state of affairs. At all events it would seem never to have been made or
+discovered by any one before us, as we have never heard of such discovery
+[*], and the chart shows nothing but open ocean at this place. According
+to our skipper's estimation in his chart the Strait of Sunda was then
+N.N.E. of us at about 250 miles' distance; according to the second mate's
+reckoning the direction was North East, and according to the first mate's
+estimation North East by North. These statements, however, proved
+erroneous, since we arrived east of Bali on a north-north-east course. So
+that consequently this land bears from Sunda Strait south-south-west, and
+ships must arrive in Java eastward of Sunda Strait on a north-by-west or
+northern course; on which those who come in sight of this land from
+eastward and wish to go to Bantam, may safely base their course. This
+much by way of advice...
+
+[* Dirk Hartochs's discovery had not come to their knowledge then.]
+
+On board the ship Seewolff lying at anchor before Jacatra, this 20 of
+June, 1618.
+Your Worships' obedient Servant
+PIETER DIRCXSOON 1618.
+
+B.
+
+_Letter of Skipper Haevick Claeszoon van Hillegom to the Managers of the
+E.I.C. at Amsterdam, dated June 24, 1618._
+
+Laus Deo. On board the ship Seewolf lying at anchor before Jaeketerae,
+this 24th of June 1618.
+
+Right Worshipful Beloved Gentlemen My Lords Directors of the United
+Company at Amsterdam, with friendly greeting, the present, after my best
+wishes for the {Page 12} well-being and health of my Worshipful Noble
+Masters, serves to express my hope that Your Worships may have duly
+received, through Pieter Gertsz, skipper of the ship Enckhuyzen [*], my
+letters of the 22nd of March, written in the Taefel Bay, recounting what
+had happened on our voyage up to said date. The present further serves to
+inform Your Worships of our progress up to this day, as follows. We set
+sail from the Cape de bon Esperanse on the 24th of the same month...
+
+[* See _supra_ A.]
+
+On the 5th of May we got into Latitude 28 deg. 26' South, when we saw numbers
+of birds many of which seemed to be land-birds, such as a white
+tropic-bird and a few scissor-tailed ducks, so that I surmised that we
+were near land. Two or three days afterwards we saw sea-weed floating in
+large quantities and long strips. On the 10th do. we passed the tropic in
+fine weather. On the 11th do. we saw land in 21 deg. 20' S. Lat.: it was a
+level, low-lying coast extending to a great length, and bearing mainly
+south and north, falling off on both sides with high mountains; we could
+not get near it. Whether it was a mainland coast or islands only, is
+known to God alone, but from the signs seen at various times I suspect it
+to be a mainland. The compass has one point north-westerly variation
+here; we saw a good deal of sea-weed floating about, and observed
+land-birds up to the 16th degree, both of these being signs of the
+proximity of the mainland. This land is a fit point to be made by ships
+coming here with the eastern monsoon, in order to get a fixed course for
+Java or Sunda Strait; for if you see this land in 21, 22 or 23 degrees,
+and shape your course north-north-west and north-by-west you will make
+the western extremity of Jaeva. I write this as a matter of certainty,
+seeing that we have made the same on a fixed course, and ships following
+this course are sure to find it true. On the 21st do. we saw land, to wit,
+Kleyn Jaevae; we kept off and on during the night, and at daybreak made
+for the land, passing through the strait between Kleyn Jaeva and Baely...
+
+Your  Worships' servant to command
+
+H. CLAESSEN VAN HILLEGOM.
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+IX.
+
+
+(1618). VOYAGE OF THE SHIP MAURITIUS FROM THE NETHERLANDS TO INDIA
+UNDER THE COMMAND OF SUPERCARGO WILLEM JANSZ OR JANSZOON AND SKIPPER
+LENAERT JACOBSZ(OON). FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE WEST-COAST OF
+AUSTRALIA.--WILLEMS-RIVER.
+
+_Letter Of supercargo WILLFM JANSZ(OON) to the Managers of the Amsterdam
+Chamber, Oclober 6, 1618._
+
+A.
+
+Worshipful Wise Provident Discreet Gentlemen,
+
+(Sailed 1000 miles to eastward in in 38 degrees with notable success.)
+
+The present serves only to inform you that on the 8th of June last with
+the ship Mauritius we passed Cape de bon esperence, with strong westerly
+winds, so that we deemed it inadvisable to call at any land, after which
+we ran a thousand miles to eastward in 38 degrees Southern Latitude,
+though we should have wished to go still further east.
+
+{Page 13}
+
+On the 31st of July we discovered an island and landed on the same, where
+we found the marks of human footsteps--on the west-side it extends N.N.E.
+and S.S.W.; it measures 15 miles in length, and its northern extremity is
+in 22 deg. S. Lat. It bears Eendracht S.S.E. and N.N.W. from the south-point
+of Sunda at 240 miles' distance; from there (Eendrachtsland [*])
+through God's grace we safely arrived before Bantam on the 22nd of
+August...
+
+[* This marginal note was made by an official of the East India Company,
+when the letter had reached its destination.]
+
+Done on board the ship 't Wapen van Amsterdam, October 6, 1618.
+
+Your Worships' Obedt. Servant
+
+WILLEM JANSZ.
+
+B.
+
+Worshipful Wise Provident Discreet Gentlemen,
+
+See _the Maps numbered VII, C and D (1616)._
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+X.
+
+
+(1619)? FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE SOUTH-COAST OF NEW-GUINEA BY THE SHIP
+HET WAPEN VAN AMSTERDAM? [*]
+
+_Instructions for Tasman 1644._
+
+...In the interim in the year 1619 the ship 't Wapen van Amsterdam,
+passing Banda on her way thither, was east on the south-coast of Nova
+Guinea where also some of her crew were slain by the barbarian
+inhabitants, so that no certain information respecting the situation of
+the country was obtained...
+
+[* I place a note of interrogation here. The matter is not quite clear.
+For the sake of completeness I mention it here, but without drawing any
+conclusion. On p. 95, note 5 of my "Life of Tasman" in Fred. Muller's
+Tasman publication I say: "Leupe, Zuidland, p. 35, cites a letter sent by
+the Directors to the Gov.-Gen. and Councillors, of Sept. 9, 1620. In this
+letter there is question of the discoveries made by d'Eendracht,
+Zeewolff, _'t Wapen van Amsterdam_, and quite recently by Commanders
+Houtman and D'Edel." When, we may ask, did the ship 't Wapen van
+Amsterdam survey the South-land? There certainly was a ship of that name
+by the side of another vessel, named Amsterdam _pur et simple_. According
+to the Register of departures of vessels of the E.I.C., preserved in the
+State Archives at the Hague, this ship set sail from the Netherlands on
+May 11, 1613. I have found no reliable trace of later date of this
+vessel, and the documents know nothing of any exploration of the
+South-land by her. I am inclined to think that Leupe is mistaken here.
+The letter itself, which is contained in the copying-book of letters,
+preserved in the State Archives, has suffered much from theravages of
+time. Between the words "Zeewolff" and "Amsterdam" the paper has suffered
+so much that nothing is left of the intervening letters. L. C. D. Van
+Dijk, in his Mededeelingen uit het Oost-Indisch archief. Amsterdam,
+_Scheltema_, 1859 p. 2, note 2, has also printed the letter in question.
+He puts the words: "'t Wapen van" in parentheses, in order to denote that
+they are merely conjectural. Leupe may have inadvertently omitted these
+parentheses. Perhaps the original text read: "ende Amsterdam". In this
+case there would have been two times question of Dedel's voyages: once by
+a reference to the ship Amsterdam; and afterwards by mentioning Dedel's
+name itself. I must not however omit to make mention here of what the
+Instructions for Tasman's second voyage, dated January 29, 1644, say
+about an unsuccessful expedition undertaken by the ship 't Wapen van
+Amsterdam to the south coast of New Guinea in 1619.]
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 14}
+
+
+
+XI.
+
+
+(1619). VOYAGE OF THE SHIPS DORDRECHT AND AMSTERDAM UNDER COMMANDER
+FREDERIK DE HOUTMAN, SUPERCARGO JACOB DEDEL, AND SKIPPERS REYER JANSZOON
+VAN BUIKSLOOT AND MAARTEN CORNELISZOON(?), FROM THE NETHERLANDS TO THE
+EAST-INDIES.--FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA:
+DEDELSLAND AND HOUTMAN'S ABROLHOS.
+
+A.
+
+_Letter of Commander_ FREDERIK DE HUTMAN _to Prince Alaurice, October 7,
+1619._
+
+Most Noble Highborn Prince,
+
+Most Highborn Prince, my last letter to Your Princely Excellency was
+dated May the 20th last from the Taefelbay near Cabo de bonne esperance
+with the ship Anna from England...
+
+Now as regards my subsequent progress I would inform Your Excellency that
+on the 8th of June we set sail from the Tafelbay with a fair wind with
+the ships Dordrecht and Amsterdam, add that on the 19th of July following
+we suddenly came upon the Southland of Beach [*] in 32 degrees 20
+minutes. We spent a few days there in order to get some knowledge of the
+same, but the inconvenience of being unable to make a landing, together
+with the heavy gales, prevented us from effecting our purpose, upon which
+shaping our course for Java, we got sight of the same on the 19th of
+August, and arrived safely before Jacatra on the 3rd of September...
+
+[* Though De Houtman knew of the discovery of Eendrachtsland (see
+_infra_), he still uses the name Beach; which clearly proves that in the
+early part of the seventeenth century the Netherlanders identified the
+discovered South-land with the mysterious land of Beach.]
+
+From Jacatra, this seventh of October, A.D. 1619.
+
+(Signed)
+
+Your Excellency's most devoted Servant
+
+FREDERICK HOUTMAN.
+
+B.
+
+_Letter of_ FREDERIK DE HOUTMAN _to the Managers of the E.I.C., October
+7, 1619._
+
+Most Noble Wise Provident Very Discreet Gentlemn,
+
+My last letter to Your Worships was dated May 20th from the Tafelbay...We
+next sailed from the Tafelbay with the ships Dordrecht and Amsterdam on
+June the 8th...
+
+We ran on with a fair north-west wind as far as 36 deg. 30', in which
+latitude we kept this steady breeze with us up to the 17th of July, when
+we estimated ourselves to have sailed straight to eastward the space of a
+thousand miles. We observed 16 deg. decreasing north-westerly variation of
+the compass, and resolved to steer...on a north-east-by-north course,
+{Page 15} we then being in 35 deg. 25' Southern Latitude. After keeping the
+aforesaid course for about 60 miles, in the evening of the 19th we
+suddenly saw land, which we steered away from. On the 20th we found it to
+be a mainland coast extending South and North. We resolved to use our
+utmost endeavours to obtain some knowledge of this coast, which seemed to
+be a very good land, but could find no spot for conveniently landing
+owing to the surf and the heavy seas. On the 23rd both the Amsterdam and
+our ship lost an anchor each, since our cables were broken by the strong
+gale. We kept near the coast till the 28th of July, but owing to the
+violent storm could not effect a landing, so that we were forced to leave
+the land aforesaid, not without imminent danger of being thrown on it by
+the strong gale.
+
+On the 28th we sighted a cape of the said coast, off which we sounded in
+from 45 to 70 fathom, but shortly after we got no bottom, and in the
+evening the land was out of sight.
+
+On the 29th do. deeming ourselves to be in an open sea, we shaped our
+course north-by-east. At noon we were in 29 deg. 32' S. Lat.; at night about
+three hours before daybreak, we again unexpectedly came upon a low-lying
+coast, a level, broken country with reefs all round it. We saw no high
+land or mainland, so that this shoal is to be carefully avoided as very
+dangerous to ships that wish to touch at this coast. It is fully ten
+miles in length, lying in 28 deg. 46.
+
+On the 2nd of August, the wind becoming contrary, we turned our course
+eastward at noon we again sighted a long stretch of land in Lat. 27 deg. 40'
+South. We are all assured that this is the land which the ship Eendracht
+discovered and made in the year [*], and noways doubt that all the land
+they saw in 22, 23, 25 degrees, and which we sighted down to 33 degrees,
+is one uninterrupted mainland coast.
+
+[* Left blank.]
+
+When in 26 deg. 20' we were in sight of the land, we had 8 degrees decreasing
+northwesterly variation of the compass. We then shaped our course north
+and north by west, which leaves it due north, if the variation is
+deducted. On the 29th of August we made the south-coast of Java, 60 miles
+to eastward of the western extremity of the said island, so that if you
+are near this South-land in 23, 24 or 25 degrees S. Lat., and shape your
+course north by west, which deducting the variation is due
+north-north-west, you will strike the coast of Java [*] miles to eastward
+of its south-western extremity. Therefore, in order to have a fixed
+course from the Cape to Java, it is advisable to set sail from the Cape
+de bonne Esperance in June or July, and to run on an eastern course in 36
+and 37 degrees Southern Latitude, until you estimate yourself to have
+covered a thousand miles to eastward, after which you had better shape
+your course north and north by east, until you get into 26 or 27 degrees,
+thus shunning the shoal aforesaid which lies off the South-land in 28 deg.
+46'.
+
+[* Left blank.]
+
+When you have reached the 26th or 27th degree, run eastward until you
+come in sight of the South-land, and then, as before mentioned, from
+there hold your course north by west and north-north-west, and you are
+sure to make the western extremity of Java, as shown in the annexed small
+chart [*], which I have drawn up for the better assurance. This
+South-land, as far as we could judge, seems to be a very fair coast, but
+we found it impossible to land on it, nor have we seen any smoke or signs
+of inhabitants there; but further investigation is wanted on this point.
+
+[* Not forthcoming.]
+
+On the 25th of August we got into Sonda Strait...
+
+In the fortress of Jacatra, October 7, 1619.
+Your Worships' obedient servant
+FREDERICK HOUTMAN.
+
+{Page 16}
+
+C.
+
+_Letter of Supercargo_ JACOB DEDEL _to the Managers of the E.I.C.,
+October 7, 1619._
+
+Worshipful Wise Provident Gentlemen,
+
+My last letter to you was dated May 20 last, in which I informed you of
+my arrival at Cabo de bonne Esperance..., where I found Commander
+Houtman...
+
+On the first of June I was ready to set sail for Bantam from Cabo de
+bonne Esperance but contrary winds prevented my putting to sea before
+June 8th, when I sailed in company with the Hon. Houtman, pursuant to a
+resolution of the Plenary Council. The ships were found to have nearly
+the same sailing powers, so that we constantly remained in each other's
+company. After having had plenty of westerly, south westerly and
+southerly winds in 35, 36 and 37 degrees Southern Latitude, with
+occasional stiff breezes, we safely made the required distance to
+eastward, and on the 19th of July last came upon the south-lands situated
+behind Java. We anchored in 14 fathom in 321/2 degrees latitude, the bottom
+being level and hard; in full sight of the land the sea was 100 fathom
+deep, the coast being steep and mountainous, the interior uniformly high,
+of which I append a map. We used our best endeavours to make a landing,
+which, however, could not conveniently be done owing to the steep coast,
+whereupon we resolved to run a little more north, where the coast seemed
+easier of access; but the wind steadily blowing very stiffly from the
+north under the land, and the tide coming in from the south, we spent a
+good deal of time in tacking, until a sudden squall from the west, which
+made the coast a lee-shore and made us lose one of our anchors, threatened
+to throw us on the coast. We then made all sail, and the wind coming
+round a little, we stood out to sea, not deeming it advisable to continue
+longer inshore in this bad weather with such large heavy ships and such
+costly cargoes as we had entrusted to our care, and with great peril to
+lose more precious time, but being contented with having seen the land
+which at a more favourable time may be further explored with more fitting
+vessels and smaller craft. We have seen no signs of inhabitants, nor did
+we always keep near the coast, since it formed large bays which would
+have taken up much time. Still we kept seeing the coast from time to
+time, until in 27 degrees we came upon the land discovered by the ship
+Eendracht, which land in the said latitude showed as a red, muddy coast,
+which according to the surmises of some of us might not unlikely prove to
+be gold-bearing, a point which may be cleared up in time.
+
+Leaving the 27th degree, we shaped our course north and north by west,
+until on the 19th of August we struck the island of Java 70 miles to
+eastward of its western extremity...after which we arrived in Sunda
+Caleppe Strait on the 23rd of the same month...
+
+This 7th day of October, 1619.
+
+On board the ship Amsterdam at anchor before our fortress of Jacatra.
+Your Worships' Servant, JACOB DEDEL.
+
+{Page 17}
+
+D.
+
+_Maps of Hessel Gerritsz, numbered VII C and D. (1616)._
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XII.
+
+
+(1622). VOYAGE OF THE SHIP LEEUWIN FROM THE NETHERLANDS TO
+JAVA.--DISCOVERY OF THE SOUTH-WEST COAST OF AUSTRALIA.--LEEUWIN'S LAND.
+
+A.
+
+_Chart of Hessel Gerritsz, VII C (1616)._
+
+I print such of the legends of this chart as refer to the results of this
+expedition:
+
+"Duynich landt boven met boomen ende boseage.
+Laegh ghelijck verdroncken landt.
+'t Landt van de Leeuwin beseylt Ao 1622 in Maert [*]. Laegh duynich landt."
+[Dunes with trees and underwood at top.--Low land seemingly submerged (by
+the tide).--Land made by the ship Leeuwin in March, 1622.--Low land with
+dunes].
+
+[* The ship Lecuwin had set sail from the Netherlands on April 20, 1621,
+and arrived at Batavia May 15, 1622, after a very long voyage, of which
+the G.-G. and Counc. did not fail to complain.]
+
+B.
+
+_Instructions for Tasman 1644._
+
+...likewise, during the same period in the years 1616, 1618, 1619 and
+1622, the west coast of the great unknown South-land from 35 to 22
+degrees was unexpectedly and accidentally discovered by the ships
+d'Eendracht, Mauritius, Amsterdam, Dordrecht and Leeuwin, coming from the
+Netherlands...
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XIII.
+
+
+(1622). THE TRIALL (ENGLISH DISCOVERY).--THE SHIP WAPEN VAN HOORN
+TOUCHES AT THE WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA. NEW PROJECTS FOR DISCOVERY MADE
+BY THE SUPREME GOVERNMENT AT BATAVIA.
+
+A.
+
+_Letter from the G.-G. and Counc. to the Managers of the E.I.C.,
+September 6, 1622._
+
+...On the 5th of July there arrived here [*] a boat with ten men forming
+part of the crew of an English ship, named the Triall, and on the 8th do.
+her pinnace with 36 men. They state that they have lost and abandoned
+their ship with 97 men and {Page 18} the cargo she had taken in, on
+certain rocks situated in Latitude 20 deg. 10' South, in the longitude of the
+western extremity of Java. These rocks are near a number of broken
+islands, lying very far apart, South-east and North-west, at 30 miles'
+distance northwest of a certain island which in our charts is laid down
+in 22 deg. S. Lat. [**]. The said ship Triall ran on these rocks in the
+night-time in fine weather, without having seen land, and since the heavy
+swells caused the ship to run aground directly, so that it got filled
+with water, the 46 persons aforementioned put off from her in the
+greatest disorder with the boat and pinnace each separately, leaving 97
+persons in the ship; whose fate is known to God alone. The boat and
+pinnace aforesaid arrived here each separately, without knowing of each
+other.
+
+[* Batavia.]
+
+[** See, for instance, the chart of Hessel Gerritsz: VII C (1616).]
+
+The ship 't Wapen van Hoorn [*] has also been in extreme peril; at night
+in a hard wind she got so near the land of d'Eendracht or the South-land
+of Java that she was in 6 fathom before they saw land, which they could
+noways put off from, so that they ran on it. But shortly after the storm
+abating, they got the landwind, and came off safe, for which the Lord be
+praised.
+
+[* She sailed from the Texel, December 22, 1621, and arrived at Batavia,
+July 22, 1622.]
+
+The ships Amsterdam and Dordrecht [*] likewise got into great peril near
+the land just mentioned in the year 1619. Whereas it is necessary that
+ships, in order to hasten their arrival, should run on an eastward course
+for about 1000 miles from the Cape de Bona Esperance between 40 and 30
+degrees Southern Latitude, it is equally necessary that great caution
+should be used and the best measures taken in order to avoid such
+accidents as befell the English ship Triall. They say that they met with
+this accident through following the course of our ships; that they intend
+to dissuade their countrymen from imitating their example, and that their
+masters are sure to take other measures accordingly.
+
+[* See _supra_, p. 10.]
+
+For the further discovery of the lands aforesaid we intend, in conformity
+with your orders, to send a ship thither as soon as practicable, for
+which purpose we have selected the yacht Hazewint [*]. May God Almighty
+preserve all your worships' ships from accidents and bring them safe to
+port...
+
+[* See _infra_.]
+
+B.
+
+_Instructions for the yachts Haringh and Hasewint having destination
+jointly to discover and explore the South-land, September 29, 1622._
+
+Inasmuch as Our Masters ["Heeren Majores"] earnestly enjoin us to
+dispatch hence certain yachts for the purpose of making discovery of the
+South-land; and since moreover experience has taught, by great perils
+incurred by sundry of our ships--but specially by the late miscarrying of
+the English ship Triali on the said coast--the urgent necessity of
+obtaining a full and accurate knowledge of the true bearing and
+conformation of the said land, that further accidents may henceforth be
+prevented as much as possible; besides this, seeing that is highly
+desirable that an investigation should be made to ascertain whether the
+regions or any part of the same are inhabited, and whether any trade
+might with them be established.
+
+_Therefore_, for the purpose before mentioned, we have resolved to fit
+out the yachts Haringh and Hasewint for undertaking the said voyage, and
+for ascertaining as much of the situation and nature of these regions as
+God Almighty shall vouchsafe to allow them.
+
+{Page 19}
+
+You will accordingly set sail from here together, run out of Sunda
+Strait, and steer your course for the South-land from the western
+extremity of Java, keeping as close to the wind as you will find at all
+possible, that by so doing you may avoid being driven too far westward by
+the South-easterly winds which generally blow in those waters. You may
+therefore run on as far as the 32nd or 33rd degree, if you do not fall in
+with land before that latitude; having got so far without seeing land,
+you may conclude that you have fallen off too far to westward, for sundry
+ships coming from the Netherlands have accidentally come upon the
+South-land in this latitude; you will in this case have to turn your
+course to eastward, and run on in this direction until you sight land.
+
+In running over to the _South-land_ aforesaid, you will have to keep a
+careful lookout, as soon as you get in 14 or 15 degrees, seeing that the
+English ship Trial before mentioned got aground in 20 deg. 10' Southern
+Latitude on certain sunken rocks, bearing north-east and south-west for a
+length Of 7 miles, according to the observation of the English pilot, but
+without having seen any mainland thereabouts. But the men who saved
+themselves in the pinnace and the boat, and thus arrived here, deposed
+that in the latitude of 13 or 14 degrees they had seen sundry pieces of
+wood and cane, and branches of trees floating about, from which they
+concluded that there must be land or islands near there. The _sunken
+rocks_ aforesaid on which the _Triall_ was wrecked, were exactly south of
+the western extremity of _Java_ according to the statements made by the
+English sailors.
+
+When you shall have come upon the _South-land_ in the said latitude or
+near it, you will skirt the coast of the same as far as Latitude 50 deg., in
+case the land should extend so far southward; but if the land should fall
+off before you have reached the said latitude, and should be found to
+trend eastward, you will follow its eastern extension for some time, and
+finding no further extension to southward, you will not proceed farther
+east, but turn back. You will do the same if you should find the land to
+turn to westward. In returning you will run along the coast as far as it
+extends to northward, next proceeding on an eastern course or in such
+wise as you shall find the land to extend: in which manner you will
+follow the coast as close inshore and as long as you shall find
+practicable, and as you deem your victuals and provisions to be
+sufficient for the return-voyage, even if in so doing you should sail
+round the whole land and emerge to southward.
+
+The main object for which you are dispatched on this occasion, is, that
+from 45 or 50 degrees, or from the farthest point to which the land shall
+be found to extend southward within these latitudes, up to the
+northernmost extremity of the South-land, you will have to discover and
+survey all capes, forelands, bights, lands, islands, rocks, reefs,
+sandbanks, depths, shallows, roads, winds, currents and all that
+appertains to the same, so as to be able to map out and duly mark
+everything in its true latitude, longitude, bearings and conformation.
+You will moreover go ashore in various places and diligently examine the
+coast in order to ascertain whether or no it is inhabited, the nature of
+the land and the people, their towns and inhabited villages, the
+divisions of their kingdoms, their religion and policy, their wars, their
+rivers, the shape of their vessels, their fisheries, commodities and
+manufactures, but specially to inform yourselves what minerals, such as
+gold, silver, tin, iron, lead, and copper, what precious stones, pearls,
+vegetables, animals and fruits, these lands yield and produce.
+
+{Page 20}
+
+To all which particulars and whatever else may be worth noting, you will
+pay diligent attention, keeping a careful record or daily journal of the
+same, that we may get full information of all your doings and
+experiences, and the Company obtain due and perfect knowledge of the
+situation and natural features of these regions, in return for the heavy
+expenses to which she is put by this expedition.
+
+To all the places which you shall touch at, you will give appropriate
+names such as in each instance the case shall seem to require, choosing
+for the same either the names of the United Provinces or of the towns
+situated therein, or any other appellations that you may deem fitting and
+worthy. Of all which places, lands and islands, the commander and
+officers of these yachts, by order and pursuant to the commission of the
+Worshipful Governor-General Jan Pieterszoon Coen, sent out to India by
+their High Mightinesses the States-General of the United Netherlands, and
+by the Lords Managers of the General Chartered United East India Company
+established in the same, will, by solemn declaration signed by the ships'
+councils, take formal possession, and in sign thereof, besides, erect a
+stone column in such places as shall be taken possession of; the said
+column recording in bold, legible characters the year, the month, the day
+of the week and the date, the persons by whom and the hour of the day
+when such possession has been taken on behalf of the States-General above
+mentioned. You will likewise endeavour to enter into friendly relations
+and make covenants with all such kings and nations as you shall happen to
+fall in with, and try to prevail upon them to place themselves under the
+protection of the States of the United Netherlands, of which covenants
+and alliances you will likewise cause proper documents to be drawn up and
+signed.
+
+All such lands, islands, etc. as you shall take possession of in the
+fashion aforesaid, you will duly mark in the chart in their true
+latitude, longitude and bearings, together with the names newly conferred
+on the same.
+
+In virtue of the oath of allegiance which each of you generally and
+personally has sworn to the Lords States-General, to His Princely
+Highness and the Lords Managers, none of you shall be allowed to retain
+for his private use or to abstract any written documents, journals,
+drawings or observations touching this present expedition, but every one
+of you shall be bound on his return hither faithfully to deliver up the
+same without exception.
+
+According to the written statements of Jan Huygen [*], and the opinion of
+sundry other persons, certain parts of this South-land are likely to
+yield gold, a point into which you will inquire as carefully as possible.
+
+[* _Scil_. Van Linschoten.]
+
+For the purpose of making a trial we have given orders for various
+articles to be put on board your ships, such as ironmongery, cloths,
+coast-stuffs [*] and linens; which you will show and try to dispose of to
+such natives as you may meet with, always diligently noting what articles
+are found to be most in demand, what quantities might be disposed of, and
+what might be obtained in exchange for them; we furthermore hand you
+samples of gold, silver, copper, iron, lead and pearls, that you may
+inquire whether these articles are known to the natives, and might be
+obtained there in any considerable quantity.
+
+[* i. e. drawn from the Coast of Coromandel.]
+
+In landing anywhere you will use extreme caution, and never go ashore or
+into the interior unless well-armed, trusting no one, however innocent
+the natives may be {Page 21} in appearance, and with whatever kindness
+they may seem to receive you, being always ready to stand on the
+defensive, in order to prevent sudden traitorous surprises, the like of
+which, sad to say, have but too often been met with in similar cases. And
+if any natives should come hear your ships, you will likewise take due
+care that they suffer no molestation from our men.
+
+When you get near the northern extremity and the east coast of the
+South-land, you will diligently inquire whether it yields anywhere
+sandal-wood, nutmegs, cloves or other spices; likewise whether it has any
+good harbours and fertile tracts, where it would be possible to establish
+settlements, which might be expected to yield satisfactory returns. In a
+word, you will suffer nothing to escape your notice, but carefully
+scrutinise whatever you find, and give us a full and proper report on
+your return, by doing which you will render good service to the United
+Netherlands and reap special honour for yourselves.
+
+In places where you meet with natives, you will either by adroit
+management or by other means endeavour to get hold of a number of
+full-grown persons, or better still, of boys and girls, to the end that
+the latter may be brought up here and be turned to useful purpose in the
+said quarters when occasion shall serve.
+
+The command of the two yachts has been entrusted to Jan Vos, who during
+the voyage will carry the flag, convene the council and take the chair in
+the same, in virtue of our special commission granted to the said Vos for
+the purpose.
+
+Given in the Fortress of jacatra, this 29th of September, A.D. 1622 [*].
+
+[* Unforeseen circumstances prevented the expedition from setting out
+(Letter of the G.-G. and Counc. to the Managers, 1 Febr. 1623).]
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XIV.
+
+
+(1623). VOYAGE OF THE SHIPS PERA AND ARNHEM, UNDER COMMAND OF JAN
+CARSTENSZOON OR CARSTENSZ, DIRK MELISZOON, AND WILLEM JOOSTEN VAN COLSTER
+[*] OR VAN COOLSTEERDT.--FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE SOUTH-WEST COAST OF NEW
+GUINEA. DISCOVERY OF THE GULF OF CARPENTARIA.
+
+[* He replaced Meliszoon after the latter's death in February.]
+
+I.
+
+JOINT VOYAGE OF THE TWO SHIPS.--VOYAGE OF THE PERA BY HERSELF UNDER
+CARSTENSZ, AFTER THE ARNHEM HAD PARTED COMPANY WITH HER [*].
+
+[* This took place on April 27.]
+
+A.
+
+_Letter of the G.-G. and Counc. to the Managers of the E.I.C, dated
+January 3, 1624._
+
+...In the month of January 1623, Governor Van Speult dispatched from
+Amboina the yachts Arnhem and Pera, for the purpose of concluding
+treaties of friend ship with the natives of Quey, Aroe and Tenimber, and
+of further discovering and {Page 22} exploring the land of Nova Guinea;
+as Your Worships may gather from the enclosed document, the islanders
+aforesaid have of their own free will placed themselves under the
+obedience and dominion of their High Mightinesses the States-General of
+the United Netherlands, and have promised to come and trade with our
+fortresses in Banda and Amboyna. From there the yachts ran over to Nova
+Guinea and skirted the said coast as far as 17 deg. 8' Southern Latitude our
+men landed in sundry places, but found nothing but wild coasts, barren
+land and extremely cruel, savage and barbarous natives, who surprised and
+murdered nine of our men, partly owing to their own negligence; according
+to the report we have received of the said coast, there would be nothing
+in particular to be got there; what winds, currents, shores, rivers,
+bights, capes, forelands and other features of the coast have been
+further met with, surveyed and explored, Your Worships may gather from
+the enclosed journal and minutes, to which we would beg leave to refer
+you for further particulars...
+
+B.
+
+_Journal kept by JAN CARSTENSZ [*] on his voyage to Nova Guinea..._
+
+[* CARSTENSZ got the Instructions originally drawn up for the ships
+Haringh and Hazewind. (See VAN DIJK, Carpentaria, pp. 9-10).]
+
+A.D. 1623.
+
+_In the name of God Amen._
+
+JANUARY.
+
+On Saturday the 21st we weighed anchor before Amboyna and set sail from
+there, together with the yacht Aernem...On Saturday the 28th...about 3
+o'clock in the afternoon...we anchored off the east side of the island of
+Quey.
+
+The following night...we made for Aro on an East-by-North and Eastern
+course.
+
+On Saturday the 29th in the evening we dropped anchor near the northern
+island of Aro.
+
+FEBRUARY.
+
+On the 6th...the wind being south-east by east, we set sail again for the
+island which in some charts [*] is called Ceram, and in others de Papues;
+course held north-east by north; in the evening N.N.E.; about midnight it
+fell a calm; sailed 6 miles.
+
+[* Cf. _Remarkable Maps_ II, 2, II, 3. Under date of March 31 the present
+journal once more refers to this mistake in the older charts.]
+
+{Page 23}
+
+In the morning of the 6th the wind was N.E. with a tolerable breeze,
+course held N.N.W., we saw high land ahead both on the lee and the
+weather bow--at noon latitude 4 deg. 57', sailed three miles on the said
+course; for the rest of the day we had a calm, towards the evening the
+wind went round to S.E., course held N.E. by E., sailed 4 miles.
+
+On Sunday the 8th the wind was S. by W., with rain; course held N.E. by
+E., at noon latitude 4 deg. 27, sailed 4 miles on the said course. We then
+went on a N.E. course, with a variable wind, which at last fell to a
+calm; towards evening after sunset the wind turned to S. by E., we sailed
+with the fore- and mizen-sails only on an E. course, sailed three miles
+to E.S.O. [sic] In the night the two yachts ran foul of each other in
+tacking, but got no damage worth mentioning. The latter part of the night
+we drifted in a calm without sails until daybreak.
+
+In the morning of the 9th we made sail again and with a weak N.E. wind
+held our course for the land: somewhat later in the day the wind turned
+to N.W., at noon we were in latitude 4 deg. 17' and had the south-coast of
+the land east slightly north of us, course and wind as before; in the
+evening we were close inshore in 25 fathom clayey ground, but since there
+was no shelter there from sea-winds, we again turned off the land, and
+skirted along it in the night with small sail, seeing we had no knowledge
+of the land and the shallows thereabouts; variable wind with rain.
+
+* * *
+
+NOTE.
+
+The same day the plenary council having been convened, it was determined
+and fixed by formal resolution to continue our present course along the
+coast, and if we should come upon any capes, bights, or roads, to come to
+anchor there for one or two days at the utmost for a landing, in which we
+shall run ashore in good order with two well-manned and armed pinnaces,
+to endeavour to come to parley with the inhabitants and generally inspect
+the state of affairs there; in leaving we shall, if at all practicable,
+seize one or two blacks to take along with us; the main reason which has
+led us to touch at the island aforesaid being, that certain reports and
+writings seem to imply that the land which we are now near to, is the
+Gouwen-eylandt [*], which it would be impossible to call at on our
+return-voyage in the eastern monsoon, if we are to obey our orders and
+instructions.
+
+[* An allusion perhaps to the "provincia aurifera", as the so-called
+Beach was sometimes styled; VAN LINSCHOTEN,  we know, had also surmised
+the presence of gold in the South-land.]
+
+* * *
+
+In the morning of the 10th, the wind being N.W. by north, being close
+inshore, we again held our course for the land; somewhat later in the day
+we had West wind with a hard gale, with which we sailed along the coast;
+about noon we cast anchor in 12 fathom clayey bottom without any shelter
+from the W.N.W. wind; when we were at anchor there, the pinnace of the
+Pera, in conformity with the above resolution was sent ashore well-manned
+and armed, under command of the sub-cargo, but the heavy rolling of the
+sea made it impossible to effect a landing. We accordingly made a man
+swim ashore through the surf, who deposited a few small pieces of iron on
+the beach, where he had observed numerous human footprints; but as
+nothing more could be done, the pinnace went back to the yacht, which we
+could not get round to eastward owing to the strong current; we were
+accordingly forced to weigh the anchor again, and drift with the current,
+and thus ran on along the coast till the first watch, when we cast
+anchor, it being a dead calm and we having no knowledge of the water.
+
+In the morning of the 11th we took the sun's altitude, which we found to
+be 8 deg., we being in 14 deg. 14', which makes a difference of 6 deg. 14'. When we
+had sailed along the land for about a mile's distance we cast anchor in 9
+fathom muddy bottom and sent the pinnace ashore in the same fashion as
+last time, but earnestly charged the subcargo to use great caution, and
+to treat with kindness any natives that he should meet {Page 24} with,
+trying if possible to lay hands on some of them, that through them, as
+soon as they have become somewhat conversant with the Malay tongue, our
+Lords and Masters may obtain reliable knowledge touching the productions
+of their land. At noon we were in Latitude 4 deg. 20'; at night when our men
+returned with the pinnace, they informed us that the strong surf had
+prevented them from landing, and that they had accordingly, for fully two
+miles' distance, rowed up a fresh-water river which fell into the sea
+near the yacht, without, however, seeing or hearing any human beings,
+except that in returning they had seen numerous human footprints near the
+mouth of the river, and likewise two or three small huts made of dry
+grass, in which they saw banana-leaves and the sword of a sword-fish, all
+which they left intact in conformity with their orders; they also
+reported that the interior is very low-lying and submerged in many
+places, but that 5, 6, or 7 miles from the coast it becomes hilly, much
+resembling the island of Ceram near Banda.
+
+* * *
+
+NOTE.
+
+(The skipper of the Arnem and nine persons along with him, slain by the
+savages, in consequence of their want of caution.)
+
+This same day the skipper of the yacht Aernem, Direk Melisz(oon) without
+knowledge of myself, of the subcargo or steersman of the said yacht,
+unadvisedly went ashore to the open beach in the pinnace, taking with him
+15 persons, both officers and along common sailors, and no more than four
+muskets, for the purpose of fishing with a seine-net; there was great
+disorder in landing, the men running off in different directions, until
+at last a number of black savages came running forth from the wood, who
+first seized and tore to pieces an assistant, named Jan Willemsz Van den
+Briel who happened to be unarmed, after which they slew with arrows,
+callaways (spears) and with the oars which they had snatched from the
+pinnace, no less than nine of our men, who were unable to defend
+themselves, at the same time wounding the remaining seven (among them the
+skipper, who was the first to take to his heels); these last seven men at
+last returned on board in very sorry plight with the pinnace and one oar,
+the skipper loudly lamenting his great want of prudence, and entreating
+pardon for the fault he had committed.
+
+* * *
+
+In the evening the wind West with a very stiff breeze, so that we did not
+sail in the night, considering our ignorance of these waters and our fear
+of cliffs and shallows that might lie off the coast, which in every case
+we had to keep near to, if we wanted to get further north.
+
+On Sunday morning the 12th we set sail again with a stiff breeze from the
+west; we held our course E. by S. along the land, and sailed 14 miles
+that day; in the evening we altered our course to E.S.E., with a N.W.
+wind; in the night we had variable wind and weather, so that we kept
+drifting; in the day-watch the skipper of the Aernem, Direk Melisz., died
+of the wounds received the day before, having suffered grievous pains
+shortly before his death.
+
+In the morning of the thirteenth the wind was N.E. with fair weather and
+little wind, so that we ran near the land again; at noon we were in Lat.
+4 deg. 25'; the wind West with a very stiff breeze, course held East by
+South, and by computation sailed 10 miles until the evening; in the night
+the wind was variable; towards daybreak it came on to rain; at 21/2 miles'
+distance from the low-lying land we were in 28 fathom, black sandy
+bottom, the land bearing East and West.
+
+In the morning of the 14th the wind was East with a faint breeze, which
+continued for the rest of the day; we kept tacking; in the evening the
+wind was N.E. by N. with a very strong current setting westward.
+
+{Page 25}
+
+On the 15th before daybreak the wind was N. by W. with a stiff breeze,
+course held East by South; in the morning we took the sun's altitude at
+sunrise, which we found to be 7 degrees; at night ditto 21 deg. 30'; the
+difference being divided by two comes to 7 deg. 15'; somewhat later in the
+day, the wind being N.E. by N., we were five miles or upwards from the
+land in 33 fathom, drifting rapidly to westward; at noon we were in Lat.
+4 deg. 51', the wind W. by N.; course held N.E. by E. towards the land;
+shortly after the wind became due North; from the morning to the evening
+we had sailed 6 miles, and in 36 hours had been driven back, i.e.
+westward, at least 11 miles.
+
+This same day the plenary council having been convened, it has been
+deemed advisable to appoint another skipper in the Aernem in the room of
+the deceased, to which place has been appointed a young man, named Willem
+Joosten van Colster [*] second mate in the Pera, as being very fit for
+the post, while at the same time the second mate Jan Jansz has been named
+first mate in the said yacht.
+
+[* Or Van Coolsteerdt, as the Summary (see _infra_) has at this date.]
+
+(Mountains covered with snow.)
+
+In the morning of the 16th we took the sun's altitude at sunrise, which
+we found to be 5 deg. 6'; the preceding evening ditto 20 deg. 30'; the difference
+being divided by two Comes to 7 deg. 42'. increasing North-easterly
+variation; the wind N. by E.; we were at about 11/2 mile's distance from
+the low-lying land in 5 or 6 fathom, clayey bottom; at a distance of
+about 10 miles by estimation into the interior, we saw a very high
+mountain-range in many places white with snow, which we thought a very
+singular sight, being so near the line equinoctial. Towards the evening
+we held our course E. by S. along half-submerged land in 5, 4, 3 and 2
+fathom, at which last point we dropped anchor; we lay there for five
+hours, during which time we found the water to have risen 4 or 5 feet; in
+the first watch, the wind being N.E., we ran into deeper water, and came
+to anchor in 10 fathom, where we remained for the night.
+
+In the morning of the 17th the wind was N.E. with a faint breeze with
+which we set sail, course held S.E.; at noon we were in Lat. 5 deg. 24', and
+by estimation 5 miles more to eastward than on the 15th last, seeing that
+a very strong current had driven us fully 11 miles to westward; in the
+evening we found ourselves at 3 miles' distance from the land, and
+dropped anchor in 15 fathom, having in the course of the day sailed three
+miles E. by S. and E.S.E.
+
+In the morning of the 18th the wind was N.E. with a strong breeze and a
+strong current setting to the west; in the afternoon the wind went round
+to the S.W., so that we meant to set sail with it, but as it fell a dead
+calm we had to remain at anchor.
+
+In the morning of the 19th the wind was N.E. by N., so that we made sail,
+keeping an E.S.E. course along the coast, with a strong current setting
+westward; at noon we were in Lat. 5 deg. 27'; it then fell calm and we had
+continual counter-currents, so that we cast anchor in 14 fathom, having
+sailed 21/2 miles; the land bearing from us E.S.E., slightly South; towards
+the evening the wind went round to S.S.W., so that we set sail again and
+ran on S.E. 1 mile; when it became dark we cast anchor in 6 fathom.
+
+At noon on the 20th the wind was S. and shortly after S.W., with which we
+set sail, keeping our course E. by S. and S.O. along the land in 6
+fathom; in the evening we cast anchor at about 3 miles' distance from the
+land, having sailed 5 miles this day.
+
+{Page 26}
+
+On the 21st the wind was N.E. by N. with a weak breeze and the current
+running south straight from the land, which is no doubt owing to the
+outflow of the rivers which take their source in the high mountains of
+the interior. The eastern part of the high land, which we could see, bore
+from us N.E. and N.E. by N; in the morning we set sail with a N.W. wind
+and fair weather course held S.E. by E. and S.E. for three miles, and
+then S.S.E. for five miles; in the evening we dropped anchor in 7 fathom
+about 3 miles from the land, the wind blowing hard from the west with
+violent rains.
+
+In the morning of the 22nd the wind was N., a strong gale with rain and a
+strong current setting westward, so that we were compelled to remain at
+anchor; towards the evening the wind went round to W.S.W., with dirty
+weather, so that we got adrift by our anchor getting loose, upon which we
+dropped our large anchor to avoid stranding; in the afternoon the storm
+subsided and we had variable winds.
+
+In the morning of the 23rd we set sail, course held S.E. with a S.W. wind
+and violent rains; when we had run a mile, the heavy swells forced us to
+drop anchor; in the afternoon we lifted anchor with great difficulty and
+peril owing to the violent rolling of the yacht, and set sail, but
+shortly after, the yacht Aernem making a sign with her flag that she
+could not manage to heave her anchor, we cast anchor again.
+
+In the morning of the 24th the weather was unruly, with a W. wind and a
+very hollow sea; in the afternoon the weather getting slightly better,
+both the yachts set sail again with the wind as before, holding a S. by
+E. course; in the evening we dropped anchor in 14 fathom, having sailed 4
+miles S.S.E., and found the land to extend E.S.E. ever since the 20th
+instant.
+
+In the morning of the 25th we set sail with a N.N.W. wind, sailing 4
+miles on an E.S.E. course, and then 5 miles on a S. by E. and S.S.E.
+course, after which the foretop-mast of the Aernem broke, so that we were
+both compelled to drop anchor in 10 fathom about 4 miles from the land.
+
+In the morning of the 26th we set sail to get near the Aernem and speak
+to her crew, who were engaged in repairing the rigging and replacing the
+foremast; we both drifted with the current in the teeth of the wind, and
+thus ran 3 miles, when the Aernem cast anchor 11/2 mile from us on the
+weather-side; in the evening there was a strong current from the W.S.W.
+with rain, which lasted the whole night.
+
+* * *
+
+NOTE.
+
+(Here end the mountains of the western extremity of Nova Guinea.)
+
+The high-lying interior of Ceram ends here, without showing any opening
+or passage (through which we might run north according to our plan), and
+passes into low-lying half-submerged land, bearing E.S.E. and S.E. by E.,
+extending in all likelihood as far as Nova Guinea, a point which with
+God's help we mean to make sure of at any cost; on coming from Aru to the
+island of Ceram, the latter is found to have a low-lying foreland
+dangerous to touch at, since at 6, 8 and 9 miles' distance from the same,
+the lofty mountains of the interior become visible, the low foreland
+remaining invisible until one has got within 3 or 4 miles from the land;
+the high mountains are seen to extend fully thirty miles to eastward,
+when you are north of Aru; as seen from afar, the land seems to have
+numerous pleasant valleys and running fresh-water rivers; here and there
+it is overgrown with brushwood and in other places covered with high
+trees; but we are unable to give any information as to what fruits,
+metals and animals it contains, and as to the manner of its cultivation
+since the natives whom {Page 27} we found to be savages and man-eaters,
+refused to hold parley with us, and fell upon our men who suffered
+grievous damage; after the report, however, of some of the men of the
+yacht Aernem, who being wounded on the 11th aforementioned, succeeded in
+making their escape, the natives are tall black men with curly heads of
+hair and two large holes through their noses, stark naked, not covering
+even their privities; their arms are arrows, bows, assagays, callaways
+and the like. They have no vessels either large or small, nor has the
+coast any capes or bights that might afford shelter from west- and
+south-winds, the whole shore being clear and unencumbered, with a clayey
+bottom, forming a good anchoring-ground, the sea being not above 3, 4, 5,
+6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 fathom in depth at 1, 2 and more miles' distance from
+the land, the rise and fall of the water with the tides we found to be
+between 11/2 and 2 fathom.
+
+* * *
+
+In the morning of the 27th the wind was W.N.W. with dirty weather and a
+very high sea, so that the Aernem was unable so heave her anchor in order
+to get near us, on which account we both of us remained at anchor the
+whole day; towards the evening the weather became much worse with pouring
+rains, so that we dropped another anchor; in the day-watch the cable of
+our large anchor broke without our perceiving it, and the other anchor
+getting loose, we drifted slowly to eastward; the land here extended
+E.S.E. and W.S.W.
+
+In the morning of the 28th the Aernem was no longer in sight, so that we
+resolved to set sail in order to seek her; holding our course S.W., we ran
+on for three miles, after which we saw on our lee land bearing S.W. which
+we would not sail clear of; we therefore dropped anchor in 9 fathom, the
+weather still continuing dirty with rain and wind, and a strong ebb from
+the E.S.E. running flat against the wind; the water rising and falling
+fully two fathom at every tide.
+
+MARCH.
+
+On the first the wind was W. by N. with rain: we find that in these
+latitudes the southern and northern moon makes high water; at noon we
+weighed anchor and drifted with the current, which set strongly to
+westward.
+
+On the second the wind was west with fair weather, with which we found it
+impossible to weather the land; in the evening we were in Lat. 6 deg. 45'.
+
+In the morning of the third the wind was W., with a strong gale and rain;
+at noon we had fair weather so that myself and the council determined to
+set sail on a Northern course in order to seek the yacht Aernem; when we
+had run on the said course for the space of 5 glasses, we saw the said
+yacht N.W. of us, but since the current ran very strong in our teeth, we
+dropped anchor in 10 fathom.
+
+In the morning of the 4th the wind was north, with which we set sail in
+order to get near the Aernem; but when we had sailed for an hour, the
+headwind and counter-current forced us to drop anchor.
+
+The yacht aforesaid, which was lying above the wind and the current, now
+weighed her anchor and dropped the same near the Pera, after which the
+skipper of the Aernern came on board of us in the pinnace, and informed
+me that they had very nearly lost the yacht in the storm before
+mentioned, since all the seas they had shipped had found their way into
+the hold, which got so full of water that the greater part of their rice,
+powder and matches had become wet through; this same day I sent the
+skipper and the steersman of the Pera on board the yacht Aernem in order
+to inquire into her condition, and ascertain whether she was so weak and
+disabled as had been reported to me; since the persons committed reported
+that the yacht was very weak and disabled above the waterline, it has
+been resolved that the main-topmast, which they had already taken down by
+way of precaution, should not be put up again provisionally.
+
+{Page 28}
+
+The same day we set sail again with the wind as before, course held S.W.,
+and after running on for two miles, we cast anchor again in 11 fathom.
+
+In the morning of the 5th we set sail again, with a W. wind; course held
+S.S.W. when we had run on for two miles we got change of weather with
+variable winds, in the evening we came to anchor in 13 fathom...
+
+* * *
+
+On the 6th we set sail again before daybreak, the wind being West; course
+held S.S.W., sailed three miles; about noon, the wind blowing straight
+for the coast, we cast anchor in 51/2 fathom at a mile's distance from the
+coast, and, in conformity with the resolution, fetched a light anchor
+from the yacht Aernem.
+
+(Keerweer, formerly mistaken for island.)
+
+In the morning of the 7th we set sail again, the wind being N.E., course
+held W., in order to get a little farther off the land; when we had run a
+mile, we dropped anchor in 51/2 fathom, and I went ashore myself with two
+well-manned and armed pinnaces, because on the 6th aforesaid we had seen
+4 or 5 canoes making from the land for the yachts; when we got near the
+land we saw a small canoe with three blacks; when we rowed towards them,
+they went back to the land and put one of the three ashore, as we
+supposed, in order to give warning for the natives there to come in great
+numbers and seize and capture our pinnaces; for as soon as we made
+towards them, they tried to draw us on, slowly paddling on towards the
+land; at last the "jurebass"(?) swam to them, with some strings of beads,
+but they refused to admit him; so we made signs and called out to them,
+but they paid little or no attention, upon which we began to pull back to
+the yacht without having effected anything; the blacks or savages seeing
+this, slowly followed us, and when we showed them beads and iron objects,
+they cautiously came near one of our pinnaces; one of the sailors in the
+pinnace inadvertently touching the canoe with one of his oars, the blacks
+forthwith began to attack our men, and threw several callaways into the
+pinnace, without, however, doing any damage owing to the caution used by
+the men in her; in order to frighten them the corporal fired a musket,
+which hit them both, so that they died on the spot; we then rowed back to
+the yachts. To the place on the coast where the aforesaid incident took
+place, we have given the name of Keerweer (= Turn again) in the new
+chart, seeing that the land here trends to S.W. and West; its latitude
+being 7 deg..
+
+On the 8th we had a strong gale from the S.S.W. the whole day, with rain
+and unsteady weather, so that we thought it best to remain at anchor.
+
+In the morning of the 9th the weather was fair, and the wind west, so
+that we set sail on a N.N.W. course; when we had run one mile we saw two
+groups of canoes putting off from shore and making for us, one consisting
+of 7, and the other of 8 small canoes; as we were lying close to the wind
+and could not weather the land with it, we came to anchor in 3 fathom;
+one of the canoes aforesaid came so near us, that we could call out to
+her, but the second group aforesaid kept quiet, upon which the canoe
+which had been near us, paddled towards this second group; from their
+various gestures we saw and understood sufficiently that their intentions
+had from the first been anything but peaceable, but God's Providence
+prevented them from carrying their wicked plans into effect; in the
+evening we set sail again with the current, the wind being west and our
+course held N.N.W. in the first watch we turned our course S.W. and S.W.
+by W., on which we sailed the whole night, until about daybreak we found
+the water shallowing and dropped anchor in 21/2 fathom, having sailed 5
+miles.
+
+[* _Scil._ by the men of the ship Duifken (see the extract
+below).--Princess Marianne Strait and Prince Frederik Hendrik island.
+(There is no reference in the text for this footnote--Ed.)]
+
+{Page 29}
+
+In the morning of the 10th we set sail again, the wind being W.N.W., on a
+S.W. course; at noon we were in Lat. 7 deg. 35'; in the evening we came to
+anchor in 3 fathom muddy bottom, at about 11/2 mile's distance from the
+land.
+
+* * *
+
+NOTE
+
+That it is impossible to land here with boats or pinnaces, owing to the
+clayey and muddy bottom into which a man will sink up to the waist, the
+depth of the water being no more than 3 or 4 fathom at 3 or 4 miles'
+distance from the land; the land is low-lying and half-submerged, being
+quite under water at high tide; it is covered with wild trees, those on
+the beach resembling the fir-trees of our country, and seemingly bearing
+no fruit; the natives are coal-black like the Caffres; they go about
+stark naked, carrying their privities in a small conch-shell, tied to the
+body with a bit of string; they have two holes in the midst of the nose,
+with fangs of hogs of swordfishes through them, protruding at least three
+fingers' breadths on either side, so that in appearance they are more
+like monsters than human beings; they seem to be evil-natured and
+malignant; their canoes are small and will not hold above 3 of 4 of them
+at most; they are made out of one piece of wood, and the natives stand up
+in them, paddling them on by means of long oars; their arms are arrows,
+bows, assagays and callaways, which they use with great dexterity and
+skill; broken iron, parangs and knives are in special demand with them.
+The lands which we have up to now skirted and touched at, not only are
+barren and inhabited by savages, but also the sea in these parts yields
+no other fish than sharks, sword-fishes and the like unnatural monsters,
+while the birds too are as as wild and shy as the men.
+
+* * *
+
+In the morning of the 11th, the wind being W.N.W. and the weather fair,
+we set sail on a S.S.W. course along the coast in 4, 31/2 and 21/2 fathom
+muddy bottom; towards the evening we saw no more land ahead of us, the
+farthest extremity falling off quite to eastward, and extending east by
+south; we accordingly ran S.S.E., but it was not long before we got into
+2 fathom water and even less. We therefore went over to the north, and in
+the evening dropped anchor in' fathom, having this day sailed eight miles
+to S.S.W.
+
+In the morning of the 12th the wind blew from the N.W.; in the forenoon I
+rowed to the land myself with the two pinnaces well-manned and armed, in
+order to see if there was anything worth note there; but when we had got
+within a musket-shot of the land, the water became so shallow that we
+could not get any farther, whereupon we all of us went through the mud up
+to our waists, and with extreme difficulty reached the beach, where we
+saw a number of fresh human foot-prints; on going a short distance into
+the wood, we also saw twenty or more small huts made of dry grass, the
+said huts being so small and cramped that a man could hardly get into
+them on all fours, from which we could sufficiently conclude that the
+natives here must be of small stature, poor and wretched; we afterwards
+tried to penetrate somewhat {Page 30} farther into the wood, in order to
+ascertain the nature and situation of the country, when on our coming
+upon a piece of brushwood, a number of blacks sprang out of it, and began
+to let fly their arrows at us with great fury and loud shouts, by which a
+carpenter was wounded in the belly and an assistant in the leg: we were
+all of us hard pressed, upon which we fired three or four muskets at them
+killing one of the blacks stone-dead, which utterly took away their
+courage; they dragged the dead man into the wood, and we, being so far
+from the pinnaces and having a very difficult path to go in order to get
+back to them, resolved to return and row back to the yachts.
+
+(The Valsch Caep is 8 degrees 15 minutes south of the equator and 70
+miles S.E. of Aru.)
+
+The The same day at low tide we saw a large sandbank, S.E., S., and S.W.
+of us, where we had been with the yacht on the 11th last, the said
+sandbank extending fully 4 miles W., S.W. and W. by S. of the land or
+foreland; on which account we have in the new chart given to the same the
+name of de Valsch Caep [*]; it is in Lat. 8 deg. 15' South, and about 70
+miles east of Aru.
+
+[* The South-west point of Prince Frederik Hendrik island.]
+
+* * *
+
+NOTE
+
+That the land which we have touched at as above mentioned, is low-lying
+and half-submerged to northward, so that a large part of it is under
+water at high tide; to the south it is somewhat higher and inhabited by
+certain natives who have built huts there; so far as we could ascertain
+the land is barren, covered with tall wild trees; the natives quite black
+and naked without any covering to hide their privy parts; their hair
+curly in the manner of the Papues: they wear certain fish-bones through
+the nose, and through their ears pieces of tree-bark, a span in length,
+so that they look more like monsters than like human beings: their
+weapons are arrows and bows which they use with great skill.
+
+* * *
+
+On the 13th the wind was N., the weather fair, and the current stronger
+to west than to northward; we set sail in the forenoon, holding our course
+W.N.W. in order to get into deeper water; when we had run some distance,
+we got into eight feet of water; upon which we turned back and towards
+evening came to anchor in 2 fathom.
+
+On the 14th the weather was fair, the wind N. by W., the current running
+strongly to S.W., as before; at noon we sent out the two pinnaces to take
+soundings; they rowed as far as 2 miles W.N.W. of the yachts, and nowhere
+found more than 11/2 and 2 fathom of water; the same day, seeing that the
+weather is now getting more constant every day, it was resolved to put up
+again the main-topmast in the yacht Aernem, which had been taken down
+before on account of bad weather.
+
+On the 15th the wind was N.N.E. with good weather and the current as
+strong as before; we set sail at noon with the tide running from the
+N.W., hoping to get into deeper water, but having been tacking about till
+the evening, we were by counter-currents forced to come to anchor in
+three fathom.
+
+On the 16th the weather was good, the wind being N.E. by N.; we set sail
+in the forenoon; in the course of the day we had a calm; towards the
+evening the wind went round to W.S.W., course held N.N.W. along the
+shallows in 21/2 and 2 fathom; in the evening we came to anchor in 3
+fathom; we find that in these parts the currents set very strongly to
+south-west, as before mentioned, and that the water rises and falls fully
+11/2 and 2 fathom at each tide.
+
+{Page 31}
+
+On the 17th the wind was East; we set sail, holding a W.N.W. and W. by N.
+course, and thus got into deeper water upwards of 5 fathom; at noon we
+were in Lat. 8 deg. 4'; in the evening we cast anchor in 6 fathom, having
+sailed 4 miles W.S.W.
+
+In the morning of the 18th the weather was good with a W. wind; in the
+afternoon we set sail with the rising tide running from the west; course
+held S.W. by S. in 6 fathom. when we got into deeper water than 7 and 8
+fathom, we altered our course to S.E. by E. and E.S.E. in 10, 12, 14, 18,
+20, 26 and 28 fathom; towards evening we went on an Eastward course,
+having sailed 51/2 miles on the aforesaid course from the morning to the
+evening, and 9 miles to eastward from the evening till the morning.
+
+On the 19th the wind was W., course held E., with the Valsch Caep N.N.E.
+of us at 5 miles' distance, the land extending N. by W.; the water being
+24 fathom here, we went over to E.N.E. and sailed 4 miles, when we got
+into 6 fathom, where we cast anchor about 4 miles from the land.
+
+On the 20th the wind was N.N.E., with good weather; we set sail, holding
+our course as before in 6 fathom. at night we dropped anchor in 51/2
+fathom, having sailed 71/2 miles this day.
+
+On the 21st we set sail again in the morning with a N.N.W. wind, keeping
+a N.E. course for 4 miles in 4 fathom; in the afternoon we went over to
+eastward sailing 8 miles; in the evening we came to anchor in 7 fathom,
+near an island situated a mile or upwards South and North of the
+mainland; a quarter of a mile N. by E. and S. by W. of the island there
+is a rock with two dry trees on it.
+
+On the 22nd, the council having been convened, it has finally been
+resolved to land with two pinnaces properly manned and armed, seeing that
+the coast is covered with cocoa-inut trees here, and the land seems to be
+higher, better and more fertile than any we have seen before; and since
+we could not get ashore on account of the shallowness of the water, the
+muddy bottom and other inconveniencies, we rowed to the small island
+aforementioned; while we were making inspection of it, the yacht Aernem
+got adrift owing to the violent current and the strong gale, and ran foul
+of the bows of the Pera, causing grievous damage to both the ships; this
+accident detained our yachts for some days, and without God's special
+providence they would both them have run aground.
+
+On the 23rd, the weather being good, and the council having once more
+been convened, I proposed to try every possible means to get the Aernem
+into sailing trim again, in the first place by constructing another
+rudder. This we found impossible since there were no new square rudders
+in either of the yachts; we were accordingly compelled to try some
+makeshift, and in order to be able to continue our voyage and avoid
+abandoning the yacht, it was finally resolved that with the available
+materials there should be constructed a rudder after the manner of the
+Chinese and Javanese; for this purpose the Pera will have to give up her
+main-top mast, the rest of the required wood to be cut on the land, and
+we shall tarry here until the rudder has been replaced.
+
+On the 24th while our men were engaged on the rudder, the subcargo rowed
+to the small island aforesaid with the two pinnaces, in order to get
+fresh water for the Aernem, which was very poorly supplied with the same,
+and in the evening he returned on board again with four casks of water,
+which he had got filled with extreme difficulty.
+
+{Page 32}
+
+On the 25th, the yacht Aernem being in sailing trim again, for which God
+be thanked, we set sail again with good weather and a favourable wind,
+holding our course along the land in 51/2, 6, and 61/2 fathom; in the evening
+we cast anchor in 21/2 fathom about 2 miles from the land, having sailed 10
+miles this day.
+
+* * *
+
+NOTE
+
+(The Vleermuys-Eylandt is in 8 degrees 8 minutes Lat., 40 miles east of
+the Valsch Caep.)
+
+That the island aforesaid is in 8 deg. 8' Southern Latitude, about a mile
+south and north of the mainland as before mentioned; it is pretty high,
+having a great number of wild trees on the east-side, and being quite
+bare on the west-side. It is about a quarter of a mile in circumference,
+and is surrounded by numerous cliffs and rocks, overgrown with oysters
+and mussels, the soil is excellent and fit to be planted and sown with
+everything; by estimation it bears a hundred full-grown cocoanut-trees
+and a great many younger ones; we also observed some banana- and
+oubi-trees; we besides found fresh water here, which comes trickling
+through the clay in small rills, and has to be gathered in pits dug for
+the purpose; the island also contains large numbers of bats living in the
+trees, on which account we have given to it the name of Vleermuys-Eylant
+[Bats' Island] in the new chart. We have seen no huts or human beings in
+it, but found unmistakable signs that there had been men here at some
+previous time.
+
+* * *
+
+(Clappes Cust [Cocoanut Coast].)
+
+On the 26th the weather was good, the wind N.N.W., course held S.E. by E.
+along the land in 5 fathom. In the forenoon 4 small canoes put off from
+the land and followed us; we waited for them to come alongside, and found
+they were manned with 25 blacks, who had nothing with them except their
+arms; they called out and made signs for us to come ashore; we then threw
+out to them some small pieces of iron and strings of beads, at which they
+showed great satisfaction; they paid little or no attention to the gold,
+silver, copper, nutmegs and cloves which we showed them, though they were
+quite ready to accept these articles as presents. Their canoes are very
+skilfully made out of one piece of wood, some of them being so large that
+they will hold 20 and even more blacks. Their paddles are long, and they
+use them standing or sitting; the men are black, tall and well-built,
+with coarse and strong limbs, and curly hair, like the Caffres, some of
+them wearing it tied to the neck in a knot, and others letting it fall
+loose down to the waist. They have hardly any beards; some of them have
+two, others three holes through the nose, in which they wear fangs or
+teeth of hogs or sword-fishes. They are stark-naked and have their
+privities enclosed in a conch shell, fastened to the waist with a bit of
+string; they wear no rings of gold, silver, copper, tin, or iron on their
+persons, but adorn themselves with rings made of tortoise shell or
+terturago (_Spanish_ tortuga?), from which it may be inferred that their
+land yields no metals or wood of any value, but is all low-lying and
+half-submerged, as we have actually found it to be; there were also among
+them some not provided with paddles, but wearing two strings of human
+teeth round their necks, and excelling all the others in ugliness; these
+men carried on the left arm a hammer with a wooden handle and at one end
+a black conch-shell, the size of a man's fist, the other end by which
+they hold it, being fitted with a three-sided bone, not unlike a piece of
+stag's horn; in exchange for one of these hammers they were offered a
+rug, some strings of {Page 33} beads and bits of iron, which they
+refused, though they were willing to barter the same for one of the boys,
+whom they seemed to have a great mind to. Those who carry the hammers
+aforesaid would seem to be noblemen or valiant soldiers among them. The
+people are cunning and suspicious, and no stratagems on our part availed
+to draw them near enough to us to enable us to catch one or two with
+nooses which we had prepared for the purpose; their canoes also contained
+a number of human thigh-bones, which they repeatedly held up to us, but
+we were unable to make out what they meant by this. Finally they asked
+for a rope to tow the yacht to shore, but soon got tired of the work, and
+paddled back to the land in a great hurry.
+
+In the evening we cast anchor in three fathom about 3 miles from the
+land, having sailed 13 miles this day.
+
+In the morning of the 27th the wind was W.N.W. with a stiff breeze,
+course held S.E. by S. and S.E., on which we sailed 7 miles, and
+afterwards E.S.E. 5 miles, in 51/2, 5 and 3 fathom; in the evening we came
+to anchor in 61/2 fathom, 31/2 miles from the land; a quarter of a mile
+farther to landward we saw a sandbank, on which the Aernem struck but got
+off again, for which God be praised.
+
+On the 28th we set sail again, with a N.W. wind, on an eastern course
+towards the land, in various depths, such as 7, 9, 12, 4 and 51/2 fathom;
+at noon we were in 9 deg. 6' S. Lat., having sailed 5 miles; from noon till
+the evening we ran on an E. by S. course a distance Of 4 miles in 18, 12,
+9, 7, 5 and 2 fathom, after which we cast anchor, and sent out the
+pinnace to take soundings; the water being found to become deeper nearer
+the coast, we again weighed anchor and sailed to the land, casting anchor
+finally in 4 fathom three miles from the coast.
+
+In the morning of the 29th the wind was N.N.E. with fine weather; in the
+forenoon it was deemed advisable to send off the boat of the Pera with
+thirteen men and the steersman of the Aernem and victualled for four
+days, in order to take soundings and skirt the land, which extended
+E.N.E., for a distance of 7 or 8 miles.
+
+On the 30th the wind was N. with good weather, so that we also sent out
+the pinnace of the Aernem in order to take soundings in various
+directions 2 or 3 miles from the yachts; at low water we saw various
+sandbanks and reefs lying dry, to wit E.S.E., S.S.W. and W.; in the
+afternoon the pinnace of the Aernem returned on board, having found
+shallows everywhere at 2 miles' distance. Towards the evening the boat of
+the Pera also returned, when we heard from the steersman that they had
+been E. by S. and E.S.E. of the yachts, at about 8 miles' distance, where
+they had found very shallow water, no more than 7, 8, 9 and 10 feet,
+which extended a mile or more, and was succeeded by depths Of 2, 21/2, 3, 5
+and 7 fathom; they had found the land to extend E. and E. by N., and to
+be very low-lying and muddy, and overgrown with low brushwood and wild
+trees.
+
+On the 31st the wind was N.N.E. with rain. In the afternoon I rowed with
+the two pinnaces to one of the reefs in order to examine the state of
+things between the yachts and the land, which space had fallen dry at low
+tide; in the afternoon the skipper of the Pera also got orders to row to
+the land with the boat duly manned and armed, in order to ascertain
+whether anything could be done for the service of our Masters, and to
+attempt to get a parley with the inhabitants and to get hold of one or
+two of them, if practicable; very late in the evening the boat returned
+on board, and we were informed by the skipper that, although it was high
+water, they could not come nearer than to a pistol-shot's distance from
+the land owing to the shallow water and the soft mud; they also reported
+the land to be low-lying and half-submerged, overgrown with brushwood and
+wild trees.
+
+* * *
+
+{Page 34}
+
+NOTE.
+
+(The Drooge Bocht, where we were compelled to leave the western extremity
+of Nova Guinea is in 9 degrees 20 minutes S. Lat.)
+
+After hearing the aforesaid reports touching the little depths sounded to
+eastward, we are sufficiently assured that it will prove impossible any
+longer to follow the coastline which we have so long skirted in an
+eastward direction, and that we shall, to our great regret, be compelled
+to return the same way we have come, seeing that we have been caught in
+the shallows as in a trap; for this purpose we shall have to tack about
+and take advantage of the ebb, and as soon as we get into deeper water,
+to run south to the sixteenth degree or even farther, if it shall be found
+advisable; then turn the ships' heads to the north along the coast of
+Nova Guinea, according to our previous resolution taken on the 6th of
+March last; as mentioned before, we were here in 9 deg. 6' S. Lat., about 125
+miles east of Aru, and according to the chart we had with us and the
+estimation of the skippers and steersmen, no more than 2 miles from Nova
+Guinea, so that the space between us and Nova Guinea seems to be a bight
+to which on account of its shallows we have given the name of drooge
+bocht [*] [shallow bight] in the new chart; to the land which we had run
+along up to now, we have by resolution given the name of 't Westeinde van
+Nova Guinea (Western extremity of N. G.), seeing that we have in reality
+found the land to be an unbroken coast, which in the chart is marked as
+islands, such as Ceram and the Papues, owing to misunderstanding and
+untrustworthy information.
+
+[* Entrance of Torres Strait.]
+
+APRIL.
+
+On the first the wind was W. by S. with good weather; we weighed anchor
+and drifted with the ebb running from the N.E. when we had run 11/2 mile
+with the tide to the S.W., we came to anchor again in 6 fathom.
+
+On the second, the wind being W. by N., we tried to tack about to the W.
+with the ebb-tide in 4, 5 and 6 fathom; we had variable winds the whole
+day; towards the evening we cast anchor in 4 fathom three miles from the
+land, having this day progressed 4 miles to the W. and W. by N.
+
+On the third we set sail again at daybreak, the wind being N., course
+kept W.N.W. in 7, 2, and 21/2 fathom, the water in these parts being of
+greatly varying depths, so that we had to keep sounding continually; in
+the afternoon we dropped anchor in 4 fathom, having drifted 21/2, miles
+with the ebb-tide.
+
+On the 4th, the wind being N.E. by N., we set sail again with good
+weather: in the afternoon we ran on with the tide and cast anchor in 7
+fathom, having lost sight of the land, and sailed 8 miles W. and W. by N.
+
+* * *
+
+NOTE.
+
+Here we managed with extreme difficulty and great peril to get again out
+of the shallows aforesaid, into which we had sailed as into a trap,
+between them and the land, for which happy deliverance God be praised;
+the shallows extend South and North, from 4 to 9 miles from the mainland,
+and are 10 miles in length from East to West.
+
+{Page 35}
+
+On the fifth we set sail again at daybreak, the wind being E.N.E., on
+courses varying between S.W. and S., by which we got into deeper water,
+between 14 and 26 fathom, and sailed 18 miles in the last 24 hours.
+
+On the sixth the wind was S.W. with rain, course held S.E.; at night we
+were in Lat. 9 deg. 45', having sailed 11 miles to the E.S.E. in the last 24
+hours.
+
+On the 7th, the wind being S.S.E., we ran on an Eastern course in 15 or
+16 fathom, and sailed 4 miles till the evening; at nightfall we went over
+to S.E., and cast anchor in 4 fathom, but as the yacht was veering round,
+we got into 2 fathom, having sailed three miles E.S.E. during the night.
+
+In the morning of the 8th we clearly saw several stones lying on the
+sea-bottom, without perceiving any change in the water in which we had
+sounded 26 fathom; so that the land here, which we did not see, is highly
+dangerous to touch at, but through God's providence the yachts did not
+get aground here; at noon we set sail, being in 10 deg. 15' S. Lat., the wind
+being W. by S. and afterwards variable; we sailed S.S.W. till the next
+morning, in 10 and 101/2 fathom, and covered 6 miles.
+
+On the 9th the wind was N. with rain, course held S.E.; at night the wind
+went round to S.E.; we therefore came to anchor in 11 fathom, having
+sailed 5 miles this day.
+
+In the morning of the 10th the wind was E.N.E., course held S.E. in 9,
+10, and 11 fathom; at night the wind blew from the S.E., upon which we
+cast anchor, having sailed 5 miles this day.
+
+On the 11th the wind was E. by N. with a fair breeze, course kept S.S.E.;
+at noon we were in 11 deg. 30'; the whole of this day and night we tried to
+get south with variable winds and on different courses, and sailed 22
+miles in the last 24 hours; course kept S.E.
+
+In the morning of the 12th the wind was S.E. with good weather; at
+sunrise we saw the land of Nova Guinea [*], showing itself as a low-lying
+coast without hills or mountains; we were then in 131/2 fathom, clayey
+bottom; course held S.S.W.; at noon we were in Lat. 11 deg. 45' South, having
+sailed 10 miles on a S.E. course in the last 24 hours.
+
+[* York Peninsula.]
+
+In the morning of the 13th the wind was S.E. by E. and we were in 24
+fathom; we still saw the land aforementioned and found it to be of the
+same shape as before; course held S.W.; at noon we were in 12 deg. 53'; for
+the rest of day and night we tried to get south with the winds aforesaid
+and on varying courses, having sailed 22 miles in the last 24 hours;
+course kept S.W.
+
+On the 14th the wind was E. by S., course held S. by E. along the land in
+11, 12, 13, and 14 fathom; at noon we were in Lat. 13 deg. 47', the land
+being no longer in sight. The rest of the day and the whole night we
+tried to get the land alongside with divers winds and on varying courses
+in 7, 6, 6, 4, 3, and 21/2 fathom; towards daybreak we were so near the
+land that one might have recognised persons on shore.
+
+In the morning of the 15th the wind blew hard from the East; course held
+S. by E. in 3 and 21/2 fathom along a sandbank, situated about one mile
+from the mainland; at noon we were in 14 deg. 36. The land which we have
+hitherto seen and followed, extends S. and N.; it is low-lying and
+without variety, having a fine sandy beach in various places. In the
+afternoon we dropped anchor owing to the calm, having sailed {Page 36} 11
+miles South. Great volumes of smoke becoming visible on the land, the
+subcargo [*] got orders to land with the two pinnaces, duly manned and
+armed, and was specially enjoined to use his utmost endeavours for the
+advantage of Our Masters; when the pinnaces returned at nightfall, the
+subcargo reported that the pinnaces could get no farther than a stone's
+throw from the land, owing to the muddy bottom into which the men sunk to
+their waists, but that they had in various places seen blacks emerging
+from the wood, while others lay hid in the coppice; they therefore sent a
+man ashore with some pieces of iron and strings of beads tied to a stick,
+in order to attract the blacks; but as nothing could be effected and the
+night was coming on, they had been forced to return to the yachts.
+
+[* Pieter Lintiens. (Summary).]
+
+In the morning of the 16th, being Easter-day, the wind was East; we set
+sail, holding our course S. by E.; at noon we were in 14 deg. 56'; in the
+evening we came to anchor in 5 1/2fathom, having sailed 101/2 miles, course
+kept South.
+
+In the morning of the 17th the wind was S. by W., with rain and the tide
+setting to the south; at noon the wind went round to East, so that we
+made sail, course held S. by W., along the land in 41/2 fathom; towards the
+evening, it fell a calm, so that we dropped anchor with the ebb, after
+which I went ashore myself with the two pinnaces duly provided with men
+and arms; we went a considerable distance into the interior, which we
+found to be a flat, fine country with few trees, and a good soil for
+planting and sowing, but so far as we could observe utterly destitute of
+fresh water. Nor did we see any human beings or even signs of them; near
+the strand the coast was sandy with a fine beach and plenty of excellent
+fish.
+
+In the morning of the 18th the wind was E.N.E., course held S. by W.
+along the land; about noon, as we saw persons on the beach, we cast
+anchor in 31/2 fathom clayey bottom; the skipper of the Pera got orders to
+row to land with the two pinnaces, duly provided for defence; in the
+afternoon when the pinnaces returned, we were informed by the skipper
+that as soon as he had landed with his men, a large number of blacks,
+some of them armed and others unarmed, had made up to them; these blacks
+showed no fear and were so bold, as to touch the muskets of our men and
+to try to take the same off their shoulders, while they wanted to have
+whatever they could make use of; our men accordingly diverted their
+attention by showing them iron and beads, and espying vantage, seized one
+of the blacks by a string which he wore round his neck, and carried him
+off to the pinnace; the blacks who remained on the beach, set up dreadful
+howls and made violent gestures, but the others who kept concealed in the
+wood remained there. These natives are coal-black, with lean bodies and
+stark naked, having twisted baskets or nets round their heads; in hair
+and figure they are like the blacks of the Coromandel coast, but they
+seem to be less cunning, bold and evil-natured than the blacks at the
+western extremity of Nova Guinea; their weapons, of which we bring
+specimens along with us, are less deadly than those we have seen used by
+other blacks; the weapons in use with them are assagays, shields, clubs
+and sticks about half a fathom in length; as regards their customs and
+policy and the nature of the country, Your Worships will in time be able
+to get information from the black man we have got hold of, to whom I
+would beg leave to refer you...
+
+On the 19th, the wind being S.E., we remained at anchor, and since the
+yachts were very poorly provided with firewood, the skipper of the Pera
+went ashore with the two pinnaces duly manned and armed; when the men
+were engaged in cutting wood, {Page 37} a large number of blacks upwards
+of 200 came upon them, and tried every means to surprise and overcome
+them, so that our men were compelled to fire two shots, upon which the
+blacks fled, one of their number having been hit and having fallen; our
+men then proceeded somewhat farther up the country, where they found
+several weapons, of which they took some along with them by way of
+curiosities. During their march they observed in various places great
+quantities of divers human bones, from which it may be safely concluded
+that the blacks along the coast of Nova Guinea are man-eaters who do not
+spare each other when driven by hunger.
+
+On the 20th, the wind being S.E., we set sail on a S.S.W. course; at noon
+we came to anchor with the ebb-tide running from the South, in 31/2 fathom
+clayey bottom, and ordered the skipper to go ashore with the two
+pinnaces, duly provided for defence, and diligently inquire into the
+state of things on shore, so far as time and place should allow; when he
+returned in the evening, he informed us that the surf had prevented them
+from getting near the strand, so that there could be not question of
+landing.
+
+In the morning of the 21st, the wind being S.E., we set sail; course held
+S.S.W. along the land; at noon we were in 15 deg. 38'; in the evening we came
+to anchor with the ebb in 31/2 fathom.
+
+In the morning of the 22nd the wind was E.N.E., course held South; at
+noon we were in 16 deg. 4'; the wind being W. by N. we dropped anchor towards
+the evening in 21/2 fathom, about one mile from the land.
+
+On the 23rd the wind was N.N.E., with a stiff breeze, so that we set sail
+on a S.S.W. course along the land in 31/2, 3, 21/2 and 2 fathom, clayey
+bottom; at noon we were in 16 deg. 32'; for the rest of the day we tried to
+get south with variable winds, and towards the evening came to anchor in
+3 fathom close inshore.
+
+On the 24th the wind was E. by S., course held S.S.W. along the land in
+21/2, 31/2 and 41/2 fathom, clayey bottom; at noon we were in 17 deg. 8'. This same
+day the council having been convened, I submitted to them the question
+whether it would be advisable to run further south, and after various
+opinions had been expressed, it was agreed that this would involve divers
+difficulties, and that the idea had better be given up: we might get into
+a vast bay, and it is evident that in these regions in the east-monsoon
+north-winds prevail, just as north (?) of the equator south-winds prevail
+in the said monsoon: we should thus fall on a lee-shore; for all which
+reasons, and in order to act for the best advantage of the Lords
+Managers, it has been resolved and determined to turn back, and follow
+the coast of Nova Guinea so long to northward as shall be found
+practicable; to touch at divers places which shall be examined with the
+utmost care, and finally to turn our course from there to Aru and
+Quey...it was furthermore proposed by me and ultimately approved of by
+the council, to give 10 pieces of eight to the boatmen for every black
+they shall get hold of on shore, and carry off to the yachts, to the end
+that the men may use greater care and diligence in this matter, and Our
+Masters may reap benefit from the capture of the blacks, which may
+afterwards redound to certain advantage.
+
+On the 25th the skipper of the Pera got orders to go ashore with the two
+pinnaces well-manned and armed, in order to make special search for fresh
+water, with which we are very poorly provided by this time; about noon
+the skipper having returned, informed us that he had caused pits to be
+dug in various places on the coast, but had found no fresh water. _Item_
+that on the strand they had seen 7 small huts made of dry hay, and also 7
+or 8 blacks, who refused to hold parley with them. In the afternoon I
+went up a salt river for the space of about half a mile with the two
+pinnaces; {Page 38} we then marched a considerable distance into the
+interior, which we found to be submerged in many places, thus somewhat
+resembling Waterland in Holland, from which it may be concluded that
+there must be large lakes farther inland; we also saw divers footprints
+of men and of large dogs, running from the south to the north; and since
+by resolution it has been determined to begin the return-voyage at this
+point, we have, in default of stone caused a wooden tablet to be nailed
+to a tree, the said tablet having the following words carved into it:
+"Anno 1623 den 24n April sijn hier aen gecomen twee jachten wegen de
+Hooge Mogende Heeren Staten Genl."
+
+[A.D. 1623, on the 24th of April there arrived here two yachts dispatched
+by their High Mightinesses the States-General]. We have accordingly named
+the river aforesaid Staten revier in the new chart. (The Staten Revier is
+in 17 degrees 8 minutes.)
+
+On the 26th, seeing that there was no fresh water here, of which we stood
+in great need, that we could hold no parley with the natives, and that
+nothing of importance could be effected, we set sail again, the wind
+being E.N.E., with a stiff breeze, course held N. along the land; at noon
+we were in Lat. 16 deg. 44'; at night we came to anchor in 4 fathom close
+inshore.
+
+* * *
+
+NOTE
+
+That the yacht Aernem, owing to bad sailing, and to the small liking and
+desire which the skipper and the steersman have shown towards the voyage,
+has on various occasions and at different times been the cause of serious
+delay, seeing that the Pera (which had sprung a bad leak and had to be
+kept above water by more than 8000 strokes of the pump every 24 hours)
+was every day obliged to seek and follow the Aernem for one, two or even
+more miles to leeward.
+
+* * *
+
+(The yacht Aernem left the Pera.)
+
+On the 27th, the wind being E. by S. with good weather, the skipper of
+the Pera rowed ashore with the two pinnaces duly provided for defence, in
+order to seek fresh water, but when he had caused several pits to be dug,
+no water was found; we therefore set sail forthwith, holding a S.E. by E.
+course along the land; at noon we were in Lat. 16 deg. 30', and with a W. by
+N. wind made for the land, sailing with our foresail only fully two hours
+before sunset, in order to wait for the Aernem which was a howitzer's
+shot astern of us; in the evening, having come to anchor in 31/2 fathom 11/2
+mile from the land, we hung out a lantern, that the Aernem might keep
+clear of us in dropping anchor, but this proved to be useless, for on
+purpose and with malice prepense she away from us against her
+instructions and our resolution, and seems to have set her course for Aru
+(to have a good time of it there), but we shall learn in time whether she
+has managed to reach it.
+
+In the morning of the 28th the wind was E. by S. and the weather very
+fine; the skipper once more went ashore with the pinnace in order to seek
+water, but when several pits had been dug in the sand, they found none;
+we therefore set sail again on a N.E. by N. course along the land in 2,
+3, 4 and 5 fathom, but when we had run a distance Of 21/2 Miles, a violent
+landwind drove us off the land, so that we had to drop anchor in 3
+fathom, the blacks on shore sending up such huge clouds of smoke from
+their fires that the land was hardly visible; at night in the first watch
+we set sail again and after running N.N.E. for 31/2 miles, we came to
+anchor in 2 fathom.
+
+In the morning of the 29th the wind was S.E., with good weather; course
+held N.E. by E. along the land in 21/2 and 3 fathom; when we had run 11/2
+mile we came {Page 39} to anchor in 2 fathom, and landed here as before
+in order to seek freshwater; we had some pits dug a long way from the
+strand, but found no fresh water; the blacks showed themselves from afar,
+but refused to come to parley, nor did we succeed in luring any towards
+us by stratagem; at noon we were in 16 deg. 10' near a river which in the
+chart is marked Nassauw revier: when we saw that we could do nothing
+profitable here, we set sail with an E. wind on a N.N.E. course along the
+land, and came to anchor in the evening in 21/2 fathom. (The Nassauw revier
+is in 16 degrees 10 minutes Lat.)
+
+In the morning of the 30th the wind was S.E. with steady weather; course
+held N.N.E. along the land in 3 fathom; at noon we were in 15 deg. 39', and
+came to anchor in 21/2 fathom; we landed also here as before with the
+pinnace in order to look for water, and to see if we could meet with any
+natives; after digging a number of pits we found no water, so that we set
+sail again and came to anchor in the evening in 21/2 fathom.
+
+MAY.
+
+In the morning of the 1st the wind was E.; the skipper once more rowed
+ashore with the pinnace, and having caused three pits to be dug he at
+last found fresh water forcing its way through the sand; we used our best
+endeavours to take in a stock of the same; about 400 paces north of the
+farthest of the pits that had been dug, they also found a small
+fresh-water lake, but the water that collected in the pits was found to
+be a good deal better.
+
+In the morning of the 2nd the wind was E.N.E., and went round to S.W.
+later in the day; we continued taking in water.
+
+On the 3rd we went on taking in water as before; the wind was N.E., and
+about noon turned to S.W.. I went ashore myself with 10 musketeers, and
+we advanced a long way into the wood without seeing any human beings; the
+land here is low-lying and without hills as before, in Lat. 15 deg. 20' it is
+very dry and barren, for during all the time we have searched and
+examined this part of the coast to our best ability, we have not seen one
+fruit-bearing tree, nor anything that man could make use of; there are no
+mountains or even hills, so that it may be safely concluded that the land
+contains no metals, nor yields any precious woods, such as sandal-wood,
+aloes or columba; in our judgment this is the most arid and barren region
+that could be found anywhere on the earth; the inhabitants, too, are the
+most wretched and poorest creatures that I have ever seen in my age or
+time; as there are no large trees anywhere on this coast, they have no
+boats or canoes whether large or small; this is near the place which we
+touched at on the voyage out on Easter-day, April the 16th; in the new
+chart we gave given to this spot the name of Waterplaets [*]; at his
+place the beach is very fine, with excellent gravelly sand and plenty of
+delicious fish.(Waterplaats is in 15 degrees 13 minutes Lat.)
+
+[* Mitchell River.]
+
+(Vereenichde revier.)
+
+In the morning of the 4th the wind was E.N.E. with good weather, course
+held N. in 71/2 fathom. we could just see the land; at noon we were in 15 deg.
+12' Lat.; slightly to northward we saw a river to which we have given the
+name of Vereenichde revier: all through the night the wind was W., course
+held N.N.E. towards the land.
+
+In the morning of the 5th the wind was E., course held N.; at noon we
+were in 14 deg. 5' Lat.; shortly after the wind went over to W., upon which
+we made for the land {Page 40} and cast anchor in 2 fathom; I went ashore
+myself in the pinnace which was duly armed; the blacks here attacked us
+with their weapons, but afterwards took to flight; upon which we went
+landinward for some distance, and found divers of their weapons, such as
+assagays and callaways, leaning against the trees; we took care not to
+damage these weapons, but tied pieces of iron and strings of beads to
+some of them, in order to attract the blacks, who, however, seemed quite
+indifferent to these things, and repeatedly held up their shields with
+great boldness and threw them at the muskets; these men are, like all the
+others we have lately seen, of tall stature and very lean to look at, but
+malignant and evil-natured.
+
+In the morning of the 6th, the wind being East, we set sail on a N.
+course along the land in 3 and 4 fathom; at noon when we were in 13 deg. 29'
+Lat., the wind was W.; in the evening it went round to East, upon which
+we dropped anchor in 3 fathom.
+
+In the morning of the 7th the wind was S.E. with fine weather; the
+skipper went ashore with the pinnace, with strict orders to treat the
+blacks kindly, and try to attract them with pieces of iron and strings of
+beads; if practicable, also to capture one or more; when at noon the men
+returned they reported that on their landing more than 100 blacks had
+collected on the beach with their weapons, and had with the strong arm
+tried to prevent them from coming ashore; in order to frighten them, a
+musket was accordingly fired, upon which the blacks fled and retreated
+into the wood, from where they tried every means in their power to
+surprise and attack our men; these natives resemble the others in shape
+and figure; they are quite black and stark naked, some of them having
+their faces painted red and others white, with feathers stuck through the
+lower part of the nose; at noon, the wind being E., we set sail on a N.
+course along the land, being then in 13 deg. 26 Lat.; towards the evening the
+wind went round to W. and we dropped anchor in 31/2 fathom.
+
+(The River Coen is 13 degrees 7 minutes Lat.)
+
+In the morning of the 8th, the wind being E.S.E. with good weather, I
+went ashore myself with 10 musketeers; we saw numerous footprints of men
+and dogs (running from south to north); we accordingly spent some time
+there, following the footprints aforesaid to a river, where we gathered
+excellent vegetables or pot-herbs; when we had got into the pinnace
+again, the blacks emerged with their arms from the wood at two different
+points; by showing them bits of iron and strings of beads we kept them on
+the beach, until we had come near them, upon which one of them who had
+lost his weapon, was by the skipper seized round the waist, while at the
+same time the quartermaster put a noose round his neck, by which he was
+dragged to the pinnace; the other blacks seeing this, tried to rescue
+their captured brother by furiously assailing us with their assagays; in
+defending ourselves we shot one of them, after which the others took to
+flight, upon which we returned on board without further delay; these
+natives resemble all the others in outward appearance; they are
+coal-black and stark naked with twisted nets round their heads; their
+weapons are assagays, callaways and shields; we cannot, however, give any
+account of their customs and ceremonies, nor did we learn anything about
+the thickness of the population, since we had few or no opportunities for
+inquiring into these matters; meanwhile I hope that with God's help Your
+Worships will in time get information touching these points from the
+black we have captured, to whose utterances I would beg leave to refer
+you; the river aforesaid is in 13 deg. 7' Lat., and has in the new chart got
+name of Coen river, in the afternoon the wind being W., we set sail on a
+N. course along the land, and in the evening came to anchor in 3 fathom.
+
+* * *
+
+{Page 41}
+
+NOTE
+
+That in all places where we landed, we have treated the blacks or savages
+with especial kindness, offering them pieces of iron, strings of beads
+and pieces of cloth, hoping by so doing to get their friendship and be
+allowed to penetrate to some considerable distance landinward, that we
+might be able to give a full account and description of the same; but in
+spite of all our kindness and our fair semblance [*] the blacks received
+us as enemies everywhere, so that in most places our landings were
+attended with great peril; on this account, and for various other reasons
+afterwards to be mentioned, we have not been able to learn anything about
+the population of Nova Guinea, and the nature of its inhabitants and its
+soil; nor did we get any information touching its towns and villages,
+about the division of the land, the religion of the natives, their
+policy, wars, rivers, vessels, or fisheries; what commodities they have,
+what manufactures, what minerals whether gold, silver, tin, iron, lead,
+copper or quicksilver. In the first place, in making further landings we
+should have been troubled by the rainy season, which might have seriously
+interfered with the use of our muskets, whereas it does no harm to the
+weapons of the savages; secondly, we should first have been obliged to
+seek practicable paths or roads of which we knew nothing; thirdly, we
+might easily have been surrounded by the crowds of blacks, and been cut
+off from the boats, which would entail serious peril to the sailors with
+whom we always effected the landings, and who are imperfectly versed in
+the use of muskets; if on the contrary we had had well-drilled and
+experienced soldiers (the men best fitted to undertake such expeditions),
+we might have done a good deal of useful work; still, in spite of all
+these difficulties and obstacles, we have shunned neither hard work,
+trouble, nor peril, to make a thorough examination of everything with the
+means at our disposal, and to do whatever our good name and our honour
+demanded; the result of our investigation being as follows:
+
+[* A curiously subjective way of looking at things!]
+
+The land between 13 deg. and 17 deg. 8' is a barren and arid tract, without any
+fruit-trees, and producing nothing fit for the use of man; it is
+low-lying and flat without hills or mountains; in many places overgrown
+with brushwood and stunted wild trees; it has not much fresh water, and
+what little there is, has to be collected in pits dug for the purpose;
+there is an utter absence of bays or inlets, with the exception of a few
+bights not sheltered from the sea-wind; it extends mainly N. by E. and S.
+by W., with shallows all along the coast, with a clayey and sandy bottom;
+it has numerous salt rivers extending into the interior, across which the
+natives drag their wives and children by means of dry sticks or boughs of
+trees. The natives are in general utter barbarians, all resembling each
+other in shape and features, coal-black, and with twisted nets wound
+round their heads and necks for keeping their food in; so far as we could
+make out, they chiefly live on certain ill-smelling roots which they dig
+out of the earth. We infer that during the eastern monsoon they live
+mainly on the beach, since we have there seen numerous small huts made of
+dry grass; we also saw great numbers of dogs, herons and curlews, and
+other wild fowl, together with plenty of excellent fish, easily caught
+with a seine-net; they are utterly unacquainted with gold, silver, tin,
+iron, lead and copper, nor do they know anything about nutmegs, cloves
+and pepper, all of which spices we repeatedly showed them without their
+evincing any signs of {Page 42} recognising or valuing the same; from all
+which together with the rest of our observations it may safely be
+concluded that they are poor and abject wretches, caring mainly for bits
+of iron and strings of beads. Their weapons are shields, assagays, and
+callaways of the length of 11/2 fathom, made of light wood and cane, some
+with fish-bones and others with human bones fastened to their tops; they
+are very expert in throwing the said weapons by means of a piece of wood,
+half a fathom in length, with a small hook tied to it in front, which
+they place upon the top of the callaway or assagay.
+
+* * *
+
+(The Waterplaets is in 12 degrees 33 minutes Lat.)
+
+In the morning of the 9th, the wind being E.S.E., with good weather, we
+set sail on a N.N.E. course along the land, and when we had run on for 2
+miles, came to anchor in 9 fathom close inshore; I went ashore in person
+with ten musketeers, and found many footprints of men and of large dogs,
+going in a southerly direction., we also came upon fresh water flowing
+into the sea, and named the place de Waeterplaets. The land here is
+higher than what we have seen to southward, and there are numerous reefs
+close to the sandy beach; the place is in 12 deg. 33'; in the afternoon the
+wind was S.W., course held as before; from the Waterplaets aforesaid to a
+high cape there is a large bay, extending N.E. by N. and S.W. by S. for 7
+miles; in the evening we dropped anchor in 41/2 fathom.
+
+In the morning of the 10th the wind being E.S.E., with steady weather, we
+set sail on a W.N.W. course; at noon we were in 12 deg. 5'. I went ashore
+myself with the skipper, and as before found many footprints of men and
+dogs, going to the south. The land here is high and hilly, with reefs
+near the sandy beach; as we were pulling back to the yacht, some armed
+savages showed themselves, upon which we landed again and threw out some
+pieces of iron to them, which they picked up, refusing, however, to come
+to parley with us; after which we took to the pinnace again.
+
+In the morning of the 11th, the wind being E.S.E. with good weather, we
+set sail again on a N.N.E. course along the land; in the afternoon we
+sailed past a large river (which the men of the Duifken went up with a
+boat in 1606, and where one of them was killed by the arrows of the
+blacks); to this river, which is in 11 deg. 48' Lat., we have given the name
+of revier de Carpentier in the new chart.
+
+[* Rivier Batavia in DE LEEUW'S chart.]
+
+In the morning of the 12th the wind was E.S.E., with pleasant weather; I
+went ashore myself with the skipper, and found upwards of 200 savages
+standing on the beach, making a violent noise, threatening to throw their
+arrows at us, and evidently full of suspicion; for, though we threw out
+to them pieces of iron and other things, they refused to come to parley,
+and used every possible means to wound one of our men and get him into
+their power; we were accordingly compelled to frighten them by firing one
+or two shots at them, by which one of the blacks was hit in the breast
+and carried to the pinnace by our men, upon which all the others retired
+to the hills or dunes; in their wretched huts on the beach we found
+nothing but a square-cut assagay, two or three small pebbles, and some
+human bones, which they use in constructing their weapons and scraping
+the same; we also found a quantity of black resin and a piece of metal,
+which the wounded man had in his net, and which he had most probably got
+from the men of the Duyfken; since there was nothing further to be done
+here, we rowed back to the yacht, the wounded man dying before we had
+reached her; at noon we set sail with a S.W. wind on a N.N.E. course
+along the land, and as it fell calm, came to anchor after having run on
+for 2 miles.
+
+{Page 43}
+
+In the morning of the 13th, the wind being S.E. with good weather, we set
+sail on a N.E. by N. course in upwards Of 7 fathom about 2 miles from the
+land; at noon we were in 11 deg. 16' Lat., the wind being E.; in the evening
+we came to anchor in 2 fathom near a river, which we have named Revier
+van Spult in the chart.
+
+(The Waterplaets in 10 degrees 50 minutes Lat.)
+
+On the 14th we made sail again before daybreak, with a S.E. wind and
+steady weather; from the 9th of this month up to now we have found the
+land of Nova Guinea to extend N.N.E. and S.S.W., and from this point
+continuing N. and S. I went ashore here myself with the skipper and 10
+musketeers and found a large number of footprints of men and dogs going
+south; we also came upon a very fine fresh-water river, flowing into the
+sea, whence fresh water can easily be obtained by means of boats or
+pinnaces; the river is in 10 deg. 50', and is marked Waterplaets in the
+chart. The land here is high, hilly, and reefy near the sandy beach;
+seeing that nothing profitable could be effected here, we returned to the
+yacht, which was lying-by under small sail; towards the evening we were
+at about 1 mile's distance from three islets, of which the southernmost
+was the largest; five miles by estimation farther to northward we saw a
+mountainous country, but the shallows rendered (or render) it impossible
+for us to get near it; in almost every direction in which soundings were
+taken, we found very shallow water, so that we sailed for a long time in
+5, 4, 3, 21/2, 2, 11/2 fathom and even less, so that at last we were forced
+to drop anchor in 11/2 fathom, without knowing where to look for greater or
+less depths; after sunset we therefore sent out the pinnace to take
+soundings, which found deeper water a long way S.W. of the pinnace, viz.
+2, 3, and 41/2 fathom; we were very glad to sail thither with the yacht,
+and cast anchor in 81/2 fathom, fervently thanking God Almighty for his
+inexpressible mercy and clemency, shown us in this emergency as in all
+others.
+
+In the morning of the 15th, the wind being S.E. with good weather, we set
+sail on a W. course, which took us into shallower water of 2, 21/2 and 3
+fathom; we therefore went over to S.W., when we came into 31/2, 4, 5, 6
+fathom and upwards; we had lost sight of the land here, and found it
+impossible to touch at it or follow it any longer, owing to the shallows,
+reefs and sandbanks and also to the E. winds blowing here; on which
+account it was resolved and determined--in order to avoid such imminent
+perils as might ultimately arise if we continued to coast along the land
+any longer--to turn back and hold our course first for the Vleermuijs
+Eijlant; we therefore stood out to sea on a W. course in 91/2 fathom and
+upwards, having sailed 17 miles in 24 hours, kept west, and finding no
+bottom in 27 fathom.
+
+* * *
+
+NOTE
+
+That in our landings between 13 deg. and 11 deg. we have but two times seen black
+men or savages, who received us much more hostilely than those more to
+southward; they are also acquainted with muskets, of which they would
+seem to have experienced the fatal effect when in 1606 the men of the
+Duyffken made a landing here.
+
+* * *
+
+In the morning of the 16th, the wind was E.S.E. with good weather, the
+Eastern monsoon having set in; course held N.N.W., at noon we were in 10 deg.
+27', having sailed 30 miles in 24 hours.
+
+{Page 44}
+
+In the morning of the 17th the weather was good with a strong wind;
+course held as before; at noon we were in 8 deg. 43'; towards the evening, in
+18 and 19 fathom, we saw from the main-topmast land N.E. of us, when we
+were in 8 deg. 19'; towards daybreak we passed a shallow Of 4 and 41/2 fathom,
+on which we changed our course to S.W., having sailed 30 miles in 24
+hours.
+
+In the morning of the 18th, sailing in 51/2 fathom, we saw land, being the
+western extremity of Nova Guinea; course held W., with a strong wind; at
+noon latitude as before; during the night we sailed with small sail along
+the land on the course aforesaid, having run 27 miles in 24 hours.
+
+On the 19th, the wind as before, course held N.; at noon we were in 7 deg.
+57' Lat.; we ran on the same course for the rest of the day and night.
+
+In the morning of the 20th there was a strong wind; we were in 18 fathom
+and by estimation in 7 deg. Lat., we therefore ran on a W. course towards the
+islands which are said to lie in this latitude; sailed 24 miles in 24
+hours.
+
+On the 21st the wind was as before, and since we saw no land or signs of
+land, which by the ships' reckoning and by estimation we ought to have
+seen, if there had been any here, we changed our course to northward, in
+order to run to the latitude of 5 deg., in which Aru is situated.
+
+In the morning of the 22nd we were in 5 deg. 38' Lat., with the wind as
+before, and since we estimated ourselves to be in the latitude of Aru, we
+turned our course westward; about noon we saw the island of Aru ahead of
+us...without seeing any signs of the yacht Aernem, which on the 17th of
+April last, in 17 deg., near the coast of Nova Guinea, had with malice
+prepense sailed away from the Pera, while the Aruese, who came forthwith
+alongside with their prows, also declared not to have seen the said
+yacht...
+
+JUNE.
+
+In the evening of the 8th we came to anchor before the castle of Amboyna,
+having therewith brought our voyage to a safe conclusion by the merciful
+protection of God Almighty, who may vouchsafe to grant prosperity and
+success in all their good undertakings to their High Mightinesses the
+States-General, to his Excellency the Prince of Orange etc., to the Lords
+Managers of the United East India Company and to the Worshipful Lord
+General and his Governors.
+
+Continuing for ever
+Their High Mightinesses' etc. obedient and affectionate servant
+(signed)
+JAN CARSTENSZOON.
+
+{Page 45}
+
+C.
+
+A SUMMARY ABSTRACT [*] OF THE JOURNAL OF THE MAIN INCIDENTS BEFALLEN IN
+THE VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY TO EASTWARD WITH THE YACHTS PERA AND AERNEM.
+BEGUN THIS 21ST OF JANUARY A.D. 1623.
+
+[* In a great number of passages this abstract merely copies the
+authentic journal verbatim; I accordingly transcribe such parts only as
+would seem to have a certain supplementary value.]
+
+A.D. 1623.
+
+_In the name of God Amen._
+
+JANUARY.
+
+In the morning of Saturday the 21st we weighed anchor before Amboyna and
+set sail with the western monsoon together with the yacht Arnem...
+
+MARCH.
+
+On the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th we skirted the land with
+the wind and course aforesaid, and came to anchor at about a mile's
+distance from the land. I went ashore in person with the pinnaces duly
+manned and armed...[*]
+
+[* What follows in the original is an almost verbatim transcript of the
+corresponding passages in the authentic journal.]
+
+(Keerweer formerly mistaken for islands)
+
+To this place or part of the land where the aforesaid happened, we have
+in the new chart given the name of Keer-Weer [Turn-again], seeing that
+the land here bends to S.W. and West, in 7 deg. Latitude; the place, which
+has formerly been mistaken for a group of islands by the men of the yacht
+Duijfken in the year 1606 [*],  lies about 50 miles S.E. by East of
+Aro...
+
+[* The passage in the text furnishes interesting evidence respecting the
+voyage of the yacht Duifken in 1606; a fact that has so often been called
+in question, or even flatly denied.]
+
+On the 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th and 21st [of March]
+[*] with a W.N.W. wind in 2, 21/2, 3 and 4 fathom, we got clear of the
+shallows which we had previously run into as into a trap; we managed to
+do so by tacking and taking advantage of the current, so that in the
+evening of the 21st aforesaid we came to anchor in 7 fathom near an islet
+situated one mile or upwards S. and N. of the mainland...
+
+[* A comparison with the authentic journal at the dates given, will
+enable the reader to ascertain the points which the yachts had then
+reached.]
+
+On the 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th [of April] we tried
+on divers courses, such as S.E. and S.E. by E., to make the land of Nova
+Guinea, until on the 8th aforesaid in the night-time we ran in between
+certain reefs, where by God's providence the yachts were preserved from
+taking harm; after which on the 12th aforesaid we sighted the land of
+Nova Guinea in 11 deg. 45', our yachts being in 131/2 fathom, clayey bottom.
+
+On the 18th [of April], after running southward between 5 and 6 miles, we
+saw a large number of blacks on the beach; we therefore dropped anchor
+and sent the skipper ashore with the two pinnaces; who, by offering them
+pieces of iron and strings of beads, caused some of the blacks to draw
+near, so that he could lay hold of one of them, whom with the help of his
+men (who met with little resistance) he carried on board...
+
+On the 5th, 6th and 7th [of May] we skirted the coast as before on a
+northward course, and repeatedly endeavoured to effect a landing, but
+were in every case treated by the savages in hostile fashion, and forced
+to return to the yachts...
+
+On the 11th [of May] we sailed close inshore past a large river (which in
+1606 the men of the yacht Duijfken went up with the boat, on which
+occasion one of them was killed by the arrows of the natives), situated
+in 11 deg. 48' Lat., to which river we have in the new map given the name
+of...[*]
+
+Always continuing
+Their High Mightinesses' etc. obedient and affectionate servant
+J. CARSTENSZOON.
+
+[* Carpentier, erased in the original MS. Cf. my Life of Tasman, p. 100,
+note 4.]
+
+{Page 46}
+
+D.
+
+CHART MADE BY THE UPPER STEERSMAN AREND MARTENSZ. DE LEEUW, WHO TOOK PART
+IN THE EXPEDITION [*].
+
+[* The original of this chart, of which a full-sized reproduction is
+given in _Remarkable Maps_, II, 5, is preserved in the State Archives at
+the Hague. There would seem to have been still more charts of this
+voyage: see VAN DIJK Carpentaria, p. 37, note 3.]
+
+[Map No. 7. Kaart van den opperstuurman AREND MARTENSZ. DE LEEUW, der
+Zuidwestkust van Nieuw Guinea en der Oostkust van de Golf van Carpentaria
+(Chart, made by the upper steersman Arend Martensz. De Leeuw, of the
+Southwest coast of New-Guinea and the East-coast of the Gulf of
+Carpentaria)]
+
+{Page 47}
+
+2.
+
+VOYAGE OF THE ARNHEM ALONE UNDER THE COMMAND OF VAN COOLSTEERDT, AFTER
+THE SHIP PERA AND HERSELF HAD PARTED COMPANY ON THE 27TH OF APRIL, 1623.
+
+A.
+
+_Letter from the Governor of Banda to the Governor-General Pieter De
+Carpentier, May 16, 1623._
+
+Noble, Worshipful, Wise, Valiant and very Discreet Sir,
+
+* * *
+
+The day before yesterday...we sighted...a ship. We forthwith presumed it
+to be Mr. Carstens, or perhaps one of the Yachts Pera or Arnehem...The
+ship turned out to be the Arnehem, which during the preceding night had
+lost her rudder...
+
+(They) have not done much worth mentioning, for at the place where the
+chart [*] they had with them, led them to expect an open passage, they
+did not find any such, so that they could not get to the island they
+wished to reach...[**]
+
+[* It is highly probable that this is another allusion to a chart of the
+voyage of Willem Janszoon with the Duifken in 1605-1606, because other
+documents concerning this expedition of the Arnhem and the Pera put it
+beyond a doubt that they had on board a chart of the voyage of the ship
+Duifken. In that case the passage in the text proves that Willem Janszoon
+already suspected the existence of Torres Strait, since the "open
+passage" can hardly refer to anything else.]
+
+[** The remaining part of the letter refers to the time when the two
+ships were still together, and contains nothing new.]
+
+Done in the Castle of Nassauw at Nera in the island of Banda, this 16th
+of May, A.D. 1623. (signed) ISACK De BRUNE.
+
+B.
+
+_Letter from the Governor-General Antonio Van Diemen to "Commander"
+Gerrit Thomaszoon Pool, February 19, 1636._
+
+Worshipful, Provident, very Discreet Sir,
+
+* * *
+
+With the present we also [*] send you a chart of the coasts made A.D.
+1623 by the Yachts Pera and Arnhem, together with a small map of the
+South-land as surveyed by divers ships coming from the Netherlands, both
+of which may be of use to Your Worship [**]...
+
+Done in the Castle of Batavia, February 19, A.D. 1636.
+
+(signed) ANTONIO VAN DIEMEN
+
+[* _Vis_. together with the Instructions of Febr. 19 for Pool's
+expedition to the Southland; see _infra_.]
+
+[** To wit, with a view to the voyage just referred to.]
+
+C.
+
+_Instructions for Pool, Febr. 19, 1636._
+
+...Failing ulterior instructions, we desire you to sail as quickly as
+possible from Banda to Arnhems and Speultsland, situated between 9 and 13
+degrees Southern Latitude, discovered A.D., 1623, as you may further see
+from the annexed chart [*]...
+
+[* This, then, is the chart of the "coasts made A.D. 1623 by the yachts
+_Pera_ and _Arnhem_"; for the "small map" handed to Pool, in the second
+place referred to in the above letter of Febr. 19, 1636, refers to
+surveyings of the west-coast of Australia by ships going from the
+Netherlands to India, and can therefore have nothing to do with the
+expedition of 1623. Arnhems- and Van Speults-Land were accordingly
+discovered on the voyage of the Pera and the Arnhem. Now the journal of
+the Pera shows that she did _not_ discover them, so that we are led to
+the conclusion that Arnhems- and Van Speults Land were discovered by the
+ship Arnhem.]
+
+{Page 48}
+
+D.
+
+_Letter from the Governor-General and Councillors to the Managers of the
+E.I.C., December 28, 1636._
+
+...[The ships of Pool's expedition touched at] the native village of
+Taranga, situated at the south-western extremity of Arouw, and then
+sailed southward, hoping to be able to run on an easterly course in order
+to execute their orders; they, however, met with strong south-east winds
+and very high seas besides; in 11 degrees S.L. they discovered vast
+lands, to which they gave the names of Van Diemen's and Maria's Land, and
+which we suspect to be Arnhems or Speults's islands, though they extend
+in another direction than the latter [*].
+
+[* Cf. as regards the situation of Arnhem's and Van Speult's Lands my
+Lite of Tasman, pp. 101 and 102, and the charts there referred to. Of the
+Nolpe-Dozy chart, of which there is question in note 4 on p. 102 of the
+book just mentioned, a reproduction will be found in _Remarkable Maps_,
+with a note by myself.]
+
+The council of the said yachts, finding they could not run on an eastern
+course, after discovering and surveying Arnhem's Land twenty miles to
+westward, resolved to steer their course northward again past the islands
+of Timor and Tenember, and thus return to Banda, where they arrived on
+July 7...
+
+E.
+
+_Instructions for Tasman, 1644._
+
+...The third voyage was undertaken from Amboyna in the month of January
+1623 with the Yachts Pera and Arnhem, commanded by Commander JAN
+CARSTENS, for the purpose of entering into friendly relations with the
+inhabitants of the islands of Key, Arou and Tenimber, and of exploring
+Nova Guinea and the South-lands, on which occasion alliances were made
+with the islands aforesaid and the south-coast of Nova Guinea was further
+discovered...but owing to untimely separation the Yacht Arnhem, after
+discovering the large islands of Arnhem and Speult, returned to Amboyna
+unsuccessfully enough, while the Yacht Pera, continuing her voyage,
+navigated along the south coast of Nova Guinea as far as a shallow bay in
+10 degrees, and afterwards along the west coast of the same land as far
+as Cape Keer-Weer, whence she further explored the coast to southward as
+far as 17 degrees near the Staten river, where she saw the land
+stretching farther to westward, after which she returned again to
+Amboyna...
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 49}
+
+
+
+XV.
+
+
+(1623) VOYAGE OF THE SHIP LEYDEN COMMANDED BY SKIPPER KLAAS
+HERMANSZ(OON) FROM THE NETHERLANDS TO JAVA.--FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE
+WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA.
+
+_Journal kept on board the ship Leyden from the Texel to Batavia, 1623._
+
+Laus Deo. This 9th day of July, A.D. 1623 in the ship _Leyden_...
+
+On the 15th do. Latitude 27 deg. 15'; during the last twenty-four hours we
+sailed 16 miles East by North and East-north-east...At noon we saw a
+large dead fish floating near our ship, with a great many birds perched
+on its carcase.
+
+On the 16th do. Latitude 26 deg. 27'; sailed 16 miles in 24 hours North by
+east...
+
+On the 17th do. Latitude 27 deg. 23'; from last night sailed 16 miles
+East-south-east...
+
+On the 18th do. Latitude 27 deg. 25'; sailed 24 miles East-south-east, East
+by South and East-north-east, on the whole keeping an eastward course...
+
+On the 19th do. Latitude 27' 20'. sailed due east 20 Miles in 24 hours...
+
+On the 20th do. Latitude 27 deg. 20' sailed 20 miles these 24 hours
+North-east, East-north-east and East, with a light breeze, fair weather,
+and a West-south-west wind; course held east.
+
+On the 21st do. in the morning we sighted Eendrachtsland in Latitude 27 deg.
+at about 6 miles' distance South-west by west; we sounded off it in 61
+fathom fine gravel bottom, the land showing outwardly like Robben Island
+in the Taffel Bay; at noon in Latitude 26 deg. 43' we shaped our course to
+northward, and afterwards drifted in a calm.
+
+On the 22nd do. Latitude 26` 36, sailed and drifted about 4 miles, at
+about 8 miles' distance North~north-west from the land. We sighted
+everywhere a hilly coast with large bays, with low-lying land in between,
+the whole covered with dunes; we drifted in a calm, our course being
+North-west by West.
+
+On the 23rd do. Latitude 26 deg. 3'; during the last twenty-four hours we
+mostly drifted in a calm at about 3 or 4 miles' distance from the coast;
+here we sighted a large inlet, looking like a river or bay. We sounded in
+80 fathom, good sandy bottom; in the afternoon there was a light breeze
+from the South-south-west, our course being North-west by West. In the
+evening we saw the farthest extremity of the land north by east at six
+miles' distance from us.
+
+On the 26th do. Latitude 25 deg. 48', we did our best to keep off the land,
+which extended North-north-west and East-south-east. The land looked like
+the west-coast of England with many reddish rocks; out at sea there were
+plenty of cliffs and sunken rocks; at noon the wind went round to
+South-west afterwards to the south; we held our course North-west by
+North. In the evening the endmost land lay North by east of us at about 7
+miles' distance.
+
+On the 27th do. WILLEMTGEN JANSZ., wedded wife Of WILLEM JANSZ. of
+Amsterdam, midshipman, was delivered of a son, who got the name of
+SEEBAER VAN NIEMELANT. At noon Latitude 24 deg. 15', sailed northward both in
+a calm and with variable winds, generally on a North-by-west course...[*]
+miles, our course being north, and the wind south with a fine breeze.
+
+[* Left blank.]
+
+On the 29th do. Latitude 20 deg. 56'.
+
+On the 30th do. Latitude 18 deg. 56'; the wind being east, we could not get
+higher than north. We saw a good deal of rock-weed floating about, and
+plenty of fish near the ship...
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 50}
+
+
+
+XVI.
+
+
+(1624) DISCOVERY OF THE TORTELDUIF ISLAND (ROCK).
+
+A.
+
+_Daily Register [*] of what has happened here at Batavia from the first
+of January, A.D. 1627._
+
+[* This Daily Register has been edited by me ('s Gravenhage, Nijhoff,
+1896).]
+
+...On the 21st [of June] there arrived here from the Netherlands the
+advice-yacht Tortelduiff...which had left the Texel...on the 16th of
+November, 1623...
+
+B.
+
+_Hessel Gerritsz Charts, 1627 [*] (Nos. 4 and 5.--VII, C, D)._
+
+[* The situation of Tortelduif island was accordingly known as early as
+1677. The voyage Of 1623-1624 is the only one made to India by the ship
+of that name (see LEUPE, Zuidland, p. 48). If we take for granted that
+this ship gave its name to the island (rock), which is highly probable,
+then the name must have been conferred in 1624. The note of interrogation
+in the text is only meant to ward off the charge of over-hasty inference
+on my part.]
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XVII.
+
+
+(1626) VOYAGE OF THE SHIP LEIJDEN, COMMANDED BY SKIPPER DANIEL
+JANSSEN COCK, FROM THE NETHERLANDS TO JAVA.--FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE
+WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA.
+
+Copy of the Journal kept by me DANIEL JANSSEN COCK, Captain and Skipper
+of the ship LEIJDEN, which set sail on the 17th of May 1625, of all that
+has occurred during the voyage.
+
+* * *
+
+Praise God. April 1626.
+
+26 do. Latitude 291/2 degrees, sailed 36 miles...
+
+27 do. Latitude 27 2/3 degrees, sailed 28 miles; course held north-east;
+the wind being south and south-west, I had the top-gallants set. God
+grant what is best for us. Amen. Course kept North-north-east.
+
+28 do. In the morning we took the sun's azimuth: between 7 and 8 degrees
+to northward, the rise being 16 degrees. We sighted land, being the
+Southland, at 10 miles' distance. We found a strong current here, with a
+depth Of 40 fathom. The current set to eastward or straight against the
+land. In the evening we shaped our course to North-west.
+
+29 do. Latitude slightly under 26 deg.. the weather was calm, so that we ran
+along the coast, North and at times North-north-west. In the evening I
+saw the endmost (?) land north-east of me; the wind blowing from the
+south.
+
+30 do. In the morning I took the sun's azimuth: between 9 and 10 degrees
+to northward, the rise being 161/2 degrees, remains 71/2 degrees. At noon
+Latitude 24 deg. 47'. Course held North by west, with a southerly wind;
+sailed 18 miles; in the evening it fell calm...
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 51}
+
+
+
+XVIII.
+
+
+(1627) DISCOVERY OF THE SOUTH-WEST COAST OF AUSTRALIA BY THE SHIP
+HET GULDEN ZEEPAARD, COMMANDED BY PIETER NUIJTS, MEMBER OF THE COUNCIL OF
+INDIA, AND BY SKIPPER FRANCOIS THIJSSEN OR THIJSZOON.
+
+A.
+
+_Dail Register of what has happened here at Batavia from the first of
+January, 1627 [*]._
+
+[* On p. 307 of my edition of the Daily Register of 1624-1629.]
+
+...On the 10th [of April] there arrived here from the Netherlands the
+ship t' Gulden Seepaart fitted out by the Zealand Chamber [*], having on
+board the Hon. Pieter Nuyts, extraordinary Councillor of India, having
+sailed from there on the 22nd of May, 1626...
+
+[* The Register of outgoing vessels of the E.I.C. shows that the
+skipper's name was Francois Thijssen or Thijszoon.]
+
+B.
+
+_Hessel Gerritsz-Huydecoper Chart (No. 5.--VII D)._
+
+This chart has 't land van Pieter Nuijts (discovered January 26 [*],
+1627) and the islands of Sint Francois and Sint Pieter.
+
+[* Some of the charts have February, but most of them January. This month
+is also mentioned as the time of the discovery in the instructions for
+Pool (1636, see _infra_) and for Tasman (1644). Cf. my Life of Tasman,
+pp. 97f.]
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XIX.
+
+
+(1627) VOYAGE OF THE SHIPS GALIAS, UTRECHT AND TEXEL, COMMANDED BY
+GOVERNOR-GENERAL JAN PIETERSZOON COEN.
+FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA.
+
+A.
+
+_Letter of Jan Pieterszoon Coen to the Directors of the E.I.C._
+
+Most Noble Wise Provident Very Discreet Gentlemen,
+
+The present is a copy of our letter written from Illa de Mayo on the 15th
+of  April last...On July the 22nd we sailed from the Tafelbay with the
+ships Galias, Utrecht and Texel. When coming out to sea we got the wind
+from the south, so that we could not sail higher than the Cape, and lost
+eight days during which we made no progress. Then getting a favourable
+wind we remained together in 371/2 degrees Southern Latitude up to the 10th
+of August; the following night, however, the rudder of the Galias broke
+in a strong wind, so that the ship became ungovernable, and the sails
+were dashed to pieces, in consequence of which she got separated from the
+other two ships, who had failed to observe the accident of the Galias
+owing to the darkness; {Page 52} the next day, the rudder having been
+repaired, we continued our voyage with the Galias, and in the afternoon
+of the 5th of September in 281/2 degrees S. Lat. came upon the land of
+d'Eendracht. We were at less than half a mile's distance from the
+breakers before perceiving the same, without being able to see land. If
+we had come upon this place in the night-time, we should have been in a
+thousand perils with our ship and crew. In the plane charts the
+reckonings of our steersmen were still between 300 and 350 miles from any
+land, so that there was not the slightest suspicion of our being near
+any, although the reckoning of the chart with increasing degrees showed
+only 120 miles, and the reckoning by the terrestrial globe only 50 miles
+distance from the land. But to this little attention had been paid. It
+seems certain now that the miscalculation involved in the plane chart
+from Cabo de bon' Esperanca to the Southland in 35 degrees latitude gives
+an overplus of more than 270 miles of sea, a matter to which most
+steersmen pay little attention, and which has brought, and is still daily
+bringing, many vessels into great perils. It would be highly expedient if
+in the plane charts most in use, between Cabo de bon' Esperanca and the
+South-land south of Java, so much space were added and passed over in
+drawing up the reckonings, as is deducible from the correct longitude
+according to the globosity of earth and sea. We would request Your
+Worships to direct attention to this point, and have such indications
+made in the plane chart as experts shall find to be advisable; a matter
+of the highest importance, which if not properly attended to involves
+grievous peril to ships and crews (which God in his mercy avert).
+
+In this plane chart the South-land also lies fully 40 miles more to
+eastward than it should be, which should also be rectified.
+
+On the 20th of September we struck the South-coast of Java about 50 or 60
+miles eastward of its western extremity...
+
+Your Worships' obedt. servant
+J.P. COEN.
+
+At Batavia, October 30, 1627.
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XX.
+
+
+(1627) VOYAGE OF THE SHIP HET WAPEN VAN HOORN, COMMANDED BY SUPER
+CARGO J. VAN ROOSENBERGH.
+FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA.
+
+_Letter Of Supercargo J. Van Roosenbergh to the Directors of the E.I.C.,
+November 8, 1627._
+
+Worshipful Wise Provident Very Discreet Gentlemen,
+
+You have no doubt received my letter from Illa de Mayo...
+
+On the 7th of September we resolved to run for the South-land, that we
+might be near Java before the middle of October. On the 17th do. we
+sighted the land of d'Eendracht near Dirck Hartochs reede [road-stead],
+at about 7 miles' distance from us; the land was of middle height,
+something like D'overen [Dover] in England; it is less low than has been
+asserted by some, and of a whitish hue, so that at night it cannot be
+seen before one is quite close to it. When by estimation we were at two
+miles' distance from the land, the coast seemed to have a foreshore
+consisting of small hills here and there. According to our observations
+the land lay quite differently from what the chart would have us believe,
+to wit, North by West and North-north-west, from a point three miles
+south of the aforesaid height to a point 8 or 9 miles north of it; which
+were the farthest points seen by us; this constituting a difference Of 31/2
+{Page 53} points with the chart, which makes it North-north-east and
+South-south-west. We cast the lead five miles off the shore in 75 fathom,
+muddy bottom mixed with small red pebbles, and five glasses afterwards,
+two miles off shore, in 55 fathom sandy bottom, for hardly anything was
+found sticking to the lead when heaved. We had seen no other signs of
+land beyond gulf-weed floating about in small quantities just as in the
+Sargasso Sea, and some land-birds flying high overhead. The many-coloured
+birds which we met near the islands of Tristan de Aconcha, left us two
+days before, just as they did when we got near Cabo de bone Esperanca, so
+that they would seem to dislike the land. Instead of them, we saw a black
+bird with a white tail, having white streaks here and there under its
+wings; a bird, it seems, of rare occurrence. Three or four days before we
+also saw a number of sanderlings. Close inshore we also saw a quantity of
+cuttlebone, but the pieces were very small and scattered, so that they
+could hardly be seen in hollow water, except by paying very close
+attention to them and only 6 or 8 miles off shore, seeing that the steady
+west-wind prevents their getting out to sea, which they would certainly
+do, if now and then the wind blew from the east for a few days in
+succession. Careful estimations based on the globosity of the earth will
+give the best signs after all. By estimation we have got into...[*]
+Longitude, some of our steersmen having got one or two degrees more, some
+less, which in the plane charts makes a considerable difference, about
+217 miles by calculation. I repeat that since I have seen the land a good
+deal earlier, it will be expedient in the plane chart to mark out a
+distance of about 200 miles, to westward of St. Paulo island and to
+eastward of Madagascar, the said distance to be passed over in drawing up
+reckonings, seeing that the plane chart involves serious drawbacks; the
+same might well be done to eastward of the Cape, in such fashion as Your
+Worships' cartographers and other experts, such as Master C. J. Lastman,
+shall find to be most expedient for the Company's service. Seeing that we
+had nothing to do near the coast, and there was a fair wind blowing for
+us to make use of, we deemed it advisable that night to run north-west,
+and the next morning, having got north into 20 degrees S. Lat., from
+there to hold a north by-west course for Java, whither God Almighty may
+in safety conduct ourselves and those who shall come after us.
+
+[* Left blank.]
+
+On the 27th do. in the evening, when it had got dark, the water suddenly
+turned as white as butter-milk, a thing that none of those on board of us
+had ever seen in their lives, and which greatly surprised us all, so
+that, concluding it to be caused by a shallow of the sea, we set the
+foresail and cast the lead, but since we got no bottom, and with the
+rising moon the water again resumed its usual colour, we made all sail
+and ran on full speed, satisfied that the strange colour had been caused
+by the sky, which was very pale at the time. On the 28th in the morning
+very early, the water became thick, and shortly after we sighted land,
+being two islands, each of them about 2 miles in length; at 4 miles'
+distance from the land we cast the lead in 65 fathom sandy bottom. At
+noon in Latitude 8 deg., three miles off shore, we found ourselves to have
+run too far to eastward, wherefore we held our course to westward up to
+the 2nd of October, when by God's grace we passed the Princen islands,
+and arrived off Bantham on the 9th do. By estimation the land of
+d'Eendracht is marked in the chart fifty miles too far to eastward, which
+should also be rectified...
+
+Done in the ship 't Wapen van Hoorn, November 8, A.D. 1627, lying at
+anchor before Batavia.
+
+Your Worships' obedt. Servant
+J. V. ROOSENBERGH.
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 54}
+
+
+
+XXI.
+
+
+(1628) DISCOVERY OF THE NORTH-WEST COAST OF AUSTRALIA BY THE SHIP
+VIANEN (VIANE, VIANA), COMMANDED BY GERRIT FREDERIKSZOON DE WITT.--DE
+WITT'S LAND.
+
+A.
+
+_Letter of the Governor-General and Councillors to the Managers of the
+E.I.C. November 3, 1628._
+
+...[We] thought fit to give orders for the ship Vyanen [*] to sail to the
+strait of Balamboan. [She] sailed [from Batavia] thither on the 14th of
+January, and from there stood out to sea on the 25th do. She was by
+head-winds driven so far to south-ward that she came upon the South-land
+beyond Java where she ran aground, so that she was forced to throw
+overboard 8 or 10 lasts of pepper and a quantity of copper, upon which
+through God's mercy she got off again without further damage...
+
+[* That commander Gerrit Frederikszoon De Witt, was on board this ship,
+is proved by an original letter of his, dated August 6, 1628 (Hague State
+Archives).]
+
+B.
+
+_See the Hessel Gerritsz--Huydecoper Chart (No 5.--VII D), which has G. F.
+De Witts-land._
+
+C.
+
+_Instructions for Tasman, 1644 [*]._
+
+[* The well-known chart of TASMAN, 1644 (see my Life of, Tasman, pp.
+71-73) also has the name G. F. De Witt's Land.]
+
+...Meanwhile in the year 1627 the ship t' Gulde
+Zeepaert,...discovered...the south coast of the great Southland, and in
+the following year 1628 the ship Viana, homeward bound from Batavia,
+equally unexpectedly discovered the coast of the same land on the north
+side in the Southern Latitude of 21 degrees, and sailed along it a
+distance of about 50 miles; none of these discoveries, however, resulting
+in the obtaining of any considerable information respecting the situation
+and condition of this vast land, it only having been found that it has
+barren and dangerous coasts, green, fertile fields and exceedingly
+savage, black, barbarian inhabitants...
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XXII.
+
+
+(before 1629) DISCOVERY OF JACOB REMESSENS-, REMENS-, OR
+ROMMER-RIVER, SOUTH OF WILLEMS RIVER [*].
+
+[* I do not know the date of this discovery. Since Pelsaert was
+acquainted with it, it must have taken place before 1629 or 1628. It
+cannot have been much earlier, as the name is not found in Hessel
+Gerritsz's charts. I must mention, however, that Leupe has found a
+steersman of the name of Jacob Remmetsz referred to in the archives of
+the E.I.C. about the year 1619.]
+
+A.
+
+_Daily annotations of Pelsaert, 1629 (See infra)._
+
+...This 16th [of June]...we were in Latitude 22 degrees 17 minutes. I
+intended to sail to Jacop Remmessens river.
+
+{Page 55}
+
+B.
+
+_Keppler Map (No. 6.--VII E)._
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XXIII.
+
+
+(1629). [*] SHIPWRECK OF THE SHIP BATAVIA UNDER COMMANDER FRANCOIS
+PELSAERT ON HOUTMANS ABROLHOS [**].--FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE WEST-COAST
+OF AUSTRALIA.
+
+[* In the year 1628 certain other Dutch vessels sighted or touched at the
+west-coast of Australia on their outward voyage to India (see LEUPE,
+_Zuidland_, p. 58; my edition of the Daily Register of Batavia, p. 341).
+What we know on this point is without interest. I merely mention the fact
+here, without entering into particulars.]
+
+[** The fact and the particulars of this shipwreck have become
+sufficiently known, the narrative of it having been published repeatedly
+and in different languages (see TIELE, Memoires bibliographiques, pp.
+262-268; _Id_. Bibliographie Land- en Volkenkunde, pp. 172, 190-191,
+258f.--Cf. e.g. also MAJOR, Early Voyages, pp. LXXXIX--XCII; 59-74). I
+accordingly print in the text only what is strictly necessary; but I give
+almost _in extenso_ Pelsaert's journal of his exploratory voyage along
+the west-coast of Australia.]
+
+A.
+
+_Woeful diurnal annotations [of Commander PELSAERT] touching the loss of
+our ship Batavia, run aground on the Abrolhos, or rocks of Fredrick
+Houtman, situated in 281/2 degrees S. Lat., at 9 miles' distance from the
+Southland._
+
+On the fourth of June [1619], it being Whitmonday, with a light, clear
+full moon, about two hours before daybreak...I felt the ship's rudder
+strike the rocks with a violent horrible shock. Upon which the ship's
+course was forthwith checked by the rocks...I rushed on deck, and found
+all the sails atop; the wind south-west; our course during the night had
+been north-east by north, and we were now lying amidst thick foam. Still,
+at the moment, the breakers round the ship were not violent, but shortly
+after the sea was heard to run upon us with great vehemence on all
+sides...
+
+[When] day broke, we found ourselves surrounded by cliffs and shoals...
+
+I saw no land that I thought would remain above water at high tide,
+except an island, which by estimation was fully three miles from the
+ship. I therefore sent the skipper to two small islets or cliffs, in
+order to ascertain whether our men and part of our cargo could be landed
+there. About 9 o'clock the skipper returned, informing me that it was
+well-nigh impossible to get through the rocks and cliffs, the pinnace
+running aground in one place, and the water being several fathom deep in
+another. As far as he could judge, the islands would remain above water
+at high tide. Therefore, moved by the loud lamentations raised on board
+by women, children, sick people, and faint-hearted men, we thought it
+best first to land the greater part of our people...
+
+[On June 5] at their earnest instances to move me, it was determined, as
+shown by the resolution, that we should try to find fresh water in the
+neighbouring islands, or on the mainland coast in order to save their
+lives and our own; and that, if no water should be found, we should in
+that case at the mercy of God with the pinnace continue our voyage to
+Batavia, there to make known our calamitous and unheard-of disasters...
+
+{Page 56}
+
+This day the 6th do...[we] set sail in the pinnace, and on this day
+touched at two separate islands, where we found at best some brackish
+water, which had collected in the cavities of the rocks on the beach
+after the rain, but it was largely mixed with seawater. On the 7th do. we
+remained here, in order to repair our pinnace with a plank, for we found
+that without this it would have been impossible to reach the mainland...
+
+On the 8th do. in the morning we set sail from this island for the
+mainland...
+
+At noon we were in 28 deg. 13' Lat., and shortly after sighted the mainland,
+which we estimated to lie 6 miles north by west of our ship. The wind
+blew from the west, and we sounded 25 and 30 fathom about 3 o'clock in
+the afternoon. During the night we kept off the land, and after midnight
+shaped our course for it again.
+
+In the morning of the 9th we were still about 3 miles from the land, the
+wind being mainly north-west with some rain; in the last 24 hours we
+covered 4 or 5 miles by estimation, course held north by west. The land
+here extends chiefly north by west and south by east. It is a barren,
+rocky coast without trees, about the height of Dover in England.
+
+We here saw a small inlet, and some low land with dunes, which we meant
+to touch at, but on nearer approach we found a heavy sea and violent
+breakers on the shore, while at the same time the swell from the west
+suddenly began to run towards the land so strongly and so high, that we
+could hardly keep off it, the less so as the storm always rose in
+violence.
+
+On the 10th do. we kept holding off and on for twenty-four hours owing to
+the strong wind, while the storm from the north-west, which stood on the
+boat we had taken with us, forced us to cut the same adrift and to throw
+overboard a part of the bread we had with us, together with other things
+that were in the way, since we could not keep the water out of our
+pinnace.
+
+During the night we were in great peril of foundering owing to the
+violent gale and the hollow seas. We could not keep off the land, because
+we did not venture to carry sail, and so were wholly at the mercy of wind
+and waves, while it kept raining the whole night.
+
+On the 1lth do. in the morning the weather began somewhat to abate, the
+wind turning to west-south-west, upon which we held our course to
+northward, but the sea was still very rough.
+
+On the 12th do. at noon we were in Lat. 27 deg.; we ran close along the land
+with a south-east wind, but could find no means to get near the land with
+the pinnace, owing to the violent surf; we found the coast falling off
+very steeply, without any foreland or inlets, such as other lands are
+found to have: in short it seemed to us a barren, accursed earth without
+leafage or grass.
+
+On the 13th do. at noon we were in Lat. 25 deg. 40'; we found ourselves
+drifting very rapidly northward, having rounded the point where the land
+extends mainly N.N.E. and S.S.W. During the last 24 hours our course was
+chiefly north. The coast was steep, consisting of red rock, without
+foreland, of the same height almost everywhere, and impossible to touch
+at owing to the breakers.
+
+On the 14th do. in the morning there was a faint breeze, but during the
+day it fell a dead calm. At noon we were in Lat. 24 deg.; course held N.,
+with a S.E. wind; during the whole of the day the current carried us
+northward against our will, for we {Page 57} were running along the land
+with small sail. In the afternoon we saw smoke rising up from the land;
+we accordingly rowed to shore in order to land if possible, with our
+spirits somewhat raised, for I concluded that if there were men, there
+must be water too. Coming near the shore, I found it to be a steeply
+rising coast, full of rocks and stones, with the surf running violently;
+nevertheless 6 of our men swam ashore, and we remained at anchor with the
+pinnace in 25 fathom outside the surf. The men now searched for water
+everywhere until nightfall, without, however, finding any; they also saw
+four men coming up to them, creeping on all fours, but when our men all
+of a sudden emerged from a depression of the ground, and approached them,
+they sprang to their feet, and ran off in full career, all which we could
+distinctly see from the pinnace. They were black men, stark naked,
+without the least covering. In the evening our men swam on board again,
+all of them grievously wounded by the rocks on which they been dashed by
+the breakers. We therefore weighed anchor again to seek a better place
+for landing, and ran on during the night with small sail close along the
+shore, but out of the reach of the surf.
+
+On the 15th do. in the morning we were near a point of the coast off
+which a large reef extended about a mile in length, we ran in between the
+land and this reef, which we estimated to be in 23 deg. Lat., and thus sailed
+along the coast, along which there was another reef, inside which the
+water seemed to be very smooth and still; we did our best to get inside
+this second reef, but did not find an opening before noon, when we saw a
+passage where there was no surf, we ran into it, but found it to be full
+of stones, and sometimes no more than one or two feet deep.
+
+This coast had a foreshore covered with dunes about a mile in width,
+before you come to the higher part. We therefore began to dig in divers
+places, but the water proved to be salt; some of us went to the higher
+land, where by good luck we found in a rock a number of cavities, in
+which a quantity of rain-water had collected. It also seemed that a short
+time before there had been natives there, for we found some crab-shells
+lying about and here and there fire-ashes. Here we somewhat quenched our
+cruel thirst, which almost prevented us from dragging ourselves along,
+for since the loss of our ship we had had no more than one or two
+mutchkins daily, without any wine or other drink. Besides quenching our
+own thirst, we here gathered about 80 cans of water, and remained there
+for the night.
+
+On the 16th do. in the morning we continued our exploration in order to
+find out whether there were more water-pits in the mountains, but our
+search was fruitless, for it seemed not to have rained there for a long
+time past, and we found no traces of running water, the higher ground
+being again very barren and unpromising, without any trees, shrubs or
+grass, but with plenty of high ant-hills in all directions. These
+ant~hills consisted of earth thrown up, and from afar somewhat resembled
+huts for the abode of men.
+
+We also found such multitudes of flies here, which perched on our mouths
+and crept into our eyes, that we could not keep them off our persons. We
+likewise saw 8 blacks here, each of them carrying a stick in his hand;
+they came within a musketshot's distance of us, but when we went up to
+them, they ran off, and we could not get them to stop, that we might come
+near them. Towards noon, when we found there was no more water to be had,
+we set sail again, and passed through another opening of the reef a
+little more to northward. We were here in 22 deg. 17' Lat. I intended to run
+on to Jacop Remessens river, but the wind went round to North-east, so
+that we could not keep near the land, and seeing that we were now more
+than {Page 58} 100 miles from those we had left behind on the
+island-rocks, and that up to now we had not found water enough to assist
+them all, but only so much as would afford two mutchkins daily to
+ourselves, we were compelled to resolve to do our best in order with
+God's help to continue our voyage to Batavia as expeditiously as
+possible, that the Hon. Lord Governor-general might order measures to be
+taken for the succour of those we had left behind...
+
+On the 7 th do. [of July] we arrived in the road-stead of Batavia at
+nightfall.
+
+God be thanked and praised.
+
+B.
+
+_Diurnal anotations on my [PELSAERT'S] second voyage to the South-land,
+by order of the Hon. Lord Governor-general Jan Pietersen Coen, with the
+Yacht Sardam, for the purpose of rescuing and bringing hither the men
+belonging to our lost ship Batavia, together with the ready money and the
+goods that it shall be found possible to salve._
+
+This day the 15th Of July We set sail in the morning with the
+land-wind...
+
+This day the 1st of September at noon we were in 29 deg. 16' Southern
+Latitude [*], with a variable wind, so that we found it impossible to get
+to eastward.
+
+[* The ship had already sailed farther south than Houtman's Abrolhos.]
+
+On the 2nd do. the wind went round to the north with a top-gallant gale;
+at noon we were in 30 deg. 16' S.L. and found we had drifted a long way to
+southward; in the evening the wind turned to the north-west; course held
+N.E. by north.
+
+On the 3rd do. in the morning the wind was blowing from the west; we saw
+a good deal of rock-weed floating about and also a number of
+cuttle-bones. We therefore turned our course to eastward, and at noon we
+saw the mainland of the South-land, extending N.N.W. and S.S.E.; we were
+at about 3 miles' distance from it and saw the land extending southward
+for 4 miles by estimation, where it was bounded by the horizon. We
+sounded here in 25 fathom, fine sandy bottom. It is a treeless, barren
+coast with a few sandy dunes, the same as to northward; we were in 29 deg.
+16' Southern Latitude, turned our course to north-west, the wind being
+W.S.W., but the hollow seas threw us close to the land, so that in the
+evening we had to drop anchor at one mile's distance from it; at two
+glasses in the first watch our anchor was broken in two, so that we had
+to bring out another in great haste.
+
+On the 4th do. in the morning the wind was S.W. by S., still with a very
+hollow swell. During the day the wind went round to S.S.W., upon which we
+weighed anchor and got under sail before noon. We stood out to sea on a
+W.N.W. course in order to get off the lee-shore. At noon we were in 28 deg.
+50' S.L., where the land began to fall off one point, to wit North by
+west and South by east. In the afternoon the wind went round to the
+south, and we shaped our course westward. Towards evening we became aware
+of a shoal straight ahead or west of us, at only a musket-shot's
+distance, we being in 25 fathom fine sandy bottom. We turned the rudder
+and ran off it half a mile to E.S.E., where we came to anchor in 27
+fathom fine bottom; from noon till the evening we had been sailing on a
+W.N.W. course, and we were now at 5 miles' distance from the mainland. In
+the night it fell a dead calm with fine weather and a south-by-east wind.
+
+{Page 59}
+
+On the 5th do. in the morning the wind being S.S.E. with lovely weather,
+we weighed anchor and sailed S.S.W. for an hour, at the end of which we
+observed more breakers, shallows and islets ahead of us and alongside our
+course; the wind then turned more to eastward, so that we could run to
+the south and S.S.E. This reef or shoal extended S.S.W. and N.N.E.; along
+it we sounded in 27, 28 and 29 fathom sandy bottom; at 11 o'clock in the
+forenoon we had lost sight of the mainland; at noon we were in 28 deg. 59' S.
+Lat., the extremity of the reef lying W.S.W. of us, and we being in 50 or
+60 fathom, foul steep bottom. In the afternoon the wind began to abate,
+but the current carried us to the west, while the rocks here fell off far
+to westward, we being at about 87 miles' distance from the mainland by
+estimation. We had a dead calm the whole night and drifted along the
+rock, on which we heard the waves break the whole time.
+
+On the 6th do. in the morning we had lost sight of the rocks; about 10
+o'clock the wind began to blow from the W.N.W., so that we ran nearly in
+the direction of the rocks. At noon we were in 28 deg. 44' S. Lat.; it began
+to blow hard from the N.W., so that in the afternoon we kept tacking off
+and on, and found ourselves carried northward by the current. In the
+evening we stood out to sea away from the rocks again, and sounded in 40
+fathom foul rocky bottom; this shallow here extends seaward S.E. and N.W.
+In the evening it began to blow very hard, so that we had to run on with
+shortened mainsails, the wind being variable.
+
+On the 7th do. in the morning the wind abated, so that we made sail
+again; at noon we found our latitude to be 29 deg. 30'; we went over to
+northward to get sight of the mainland again, but the wind suddenly
+turned sharply to W.N.W., so that we had to stand out to sea again.
+
+On the 8th do. at noon we were in 29 deg. 7' S. Lat., course held N.E. In the
+evening we saw the breakers again. We therefore stood out to sea on a
+west-south-west course the whole night with a north-west-wind; and it
+began to blow so hard that we had again to take in the topsails.
+
+On the 9th do. in the morning we shaped our course to the land again; at
+noon we were in Lat. 29 deg. and for the rest of the day we kept tacking off
+and on; towards the evening there blew a storm from the N.W., so that we
+could hardly keep our main-sails set.
+
+On the 10th do. we made sail again in the morning; at noon we were in 29 deg.
+30' S. Lat., with a westerly wind and a top-gallant gale.
+
+On the 11th do. it was calm in the morning, but with a very hollow sea,
+while the wind blew from the W.N.W., so that we could not get to the
+north, if we did not wish to come upon or near the rocks. At noon we were
+in 28 deg. 48' S. Lat. The wind continued variable, so that in the night we
+had to drift with our foresail set until daybreak.
+
+On the 12th do. we made sail again at daybreak, shaping our course to the
+east. We ran on till noon, when we found ourselves to be in in 28 deg. 13' S.
+Lat. We therefore ran somewhat more to the south again, in order to reach
+the latitude Of 28 deg. 20' exactly; the wind was south-west with a heavy
+swell of the sea. In the afternoon, two hours before sunset we again
+sighted the rocks, which we estimated to be still two miles from us. We
+cast the lead in 100 fathom fine sandy bottom, but when we had come to
+half a mile's distance, we sounded 30 fathom foul rocky bottom. In the
+night we shaped our course two points more to seaward, and in the
+daywatch made for the land again.
+
+{Page 60}
+
+On the 13th do., three hours after sunrise we again sighted breakers
+ahead, and having made up our reckoning, we found we had lost a mile
+north, since the wind had been S.S.E. This proved to be the northernmost
+extremity of the Abrolhos. Therefore, since I found we always came too
+high or too low, and it was very dangerous to touch at them from the
+outside owing to the high swells and foul bottom, I resolved to keep
+tacking off the outermost shoal. After this we went over again nearly to
+weatherward with a S.S.E. wind, keeping an eastern course. When we had
+got inside a small distance, we directly had a fine sandy bottom in from
+30 to 35 fathom; at noon we were in 28 deg. S. Lat., shortly after we again
+saw the mainland of the Southland. In the evening, as it began to blow
+hard, we came to anchor at about 2 miles' distance from the land in 30
+fathom, fine bottom.
+
+On the 14th do. there was a stiff gale from the S.S.E., so that we could
+not get in our anchor, and remained here all day.
+
+On the 15th do. the wind was still equally strong, but towards noon it
+got somewhat calmer, so that we could get in our anchor. At noon we were
+in 27 deg. 54' S. Lat. We kept tacking the whole day with a S.S.E. wind, in
+order to gain the south, and at night found we had gained two miles. When
+it got dark, we again came to anchor in 30 fathom fine bottom.
+
+On the 16th do. at daybreak we again weighed anchor; the wind being
+W.S.W., we went over nearly to southward. At noon we were in
+Latitude...degrees...minutes [*]. The wind then turned first to the west
+and afterwards to the north, so that we could sail on a south-west
+course; towards the evening we saw the rocks on which our good ship
+Batavia had miscarried, and I was sure I saw the high Island, but our
+steersmen contended that it was other land. Two hours after sunset we
+again came to anchor in 26 fathom fine sandy bottom.
+
+[* Left blank.]
+
+On the 17th do. at daybreak we again weighed anchor with a northerly
+wind; we were now still about 2 miles from the high island and made for
+it. When at noon we had got near the island we saw smoke rising up from a
+long island, two miles to westward of the wreck, and also from another
+islet [*], close to the wreck, at which we were all of us greatly
+rejoiced, hoping to find the greater part [**] or almost all the people
+alive. Therefore, when we had come to anchor, I went in a boat to the
+highest island, which was quite close to us, taking with me a cask of
+water, a cask of bread, and a small keg of wine; when I had got there I
+did not see any one, at which we were greatly astonished. I sprang
+ashore...
+
+[* This islet was named Batavia's Kerkhof [Churchyard] by the survivors;
+another of the rocks got the name of Robben-eiland [Seals' island].]
+
+[* This proved actually to be the case. I have thought it needless to
+print those parts of the journal which tell the adventures of the
+castaways, since they have repeatedly been narrated in other works.]
+
+On the 15th [of November, 1629] the wind was S.S.W., with seemingly fine
+weather. Therefore, in the name of God, we weighed anchor and set sail
+from these luckless Abrolhos for the mainland on an East-north-east
+course, for the purpose of seeking there the skipper and four other men,
+who on the 14th last were with their boat cut off from ship by a storm,
+after which we had resolved to continue our return-voyage to Batavia with
+the utmost expedition. The spot where the ship or wreck lies, is in 28 deg.
+36' or 40', and the place near the high Island where we have been at
+anchor with the Yacht, in 30 or 32 minutes, north-north-west of the
+wreck. But after the shipwreck the steersmen had in one of the islands
+taken the latitude Of 28 degrees 8 minutes, and 28 degrees 20 minutes,
+which mistake has caused no little loss of time and misunderstanding on
+our part in seeking out these places...
+
+{Page 61}
+
+The sea abounds in fish in these parts; they are mainly of three kinds,
+but very different in shape and taste from those caught on other coasts.
+All the islands about here are low-lying atolls or coral-islets and
+rocks, except two or three large islands, in one of which, a long time
+before we came here, they had found two pits filled with water, but
+during the time we were here, the water in these pits became very
+brackish or salt, so as to be unfit for human consumption. In the other
+island, near which the Yacht lay at anchor, after burning away the
+brushwood or thicket, we also came upon two pits filled with water, which
+were discovered quite by accident...since they had only a small hole at
+top, that would admit a man's arm, but below we found a large cistern or
+water-tank under the earth; after which with mattocks and sledge-hammers
+we widened the hole so as to be able to take out the water conveniently.
+Besides, we found in these islands large numbers of a species of cats,
+which are very strange creatures; they are about the size of a hare,
+their head resembling the head of a civet-cat; the forepaws are very
+short, about the length of a finger, on which the animal has five small
+nails or fingers, resembling those of a monkey's forepaw. Its two
+hind-legs, on the contrary, are upwards of half an ell in length, and it
+walks on these only, on the flat of the heavy part of the leg, so that it
+does not run fast. Its tail is very long, like that of a long-tailed
+monkey; if it eats, it sits on its hind-legs, and clutches its food with
+its forepaws, just like a squirrel or monkey. Their manner of generation
+or procreation is exceedingly strange and highly worth observing. Below
+the belly the female carries a pouch, into which you may put your hand;
+inside this pouch are her nipples, and we have found that the young ones
+grow up in this pouch with the nipples in their mouths. We have seen some
+young ones lying there, which were only the size of a bean, though at the
+same time perfectly proportioned, so that it seems certain that they grow
+there out of the nipples of the mammae, from which they draw their food,
+until they are grown up and are able to walk. Still, they keep creeping
+into the pouch even when they have become very large, and the dam runs
+off with them, when they are hunted.
+
+In these two islands we also found a number of grey turtle-doves, but no
+other animals. Nor is there any vegetation beyond brushwood, and little
+or no grass. This and what has hereinbefore been related is all that we
+have experienced and met with about these Abrolhos.
+
+We shall therefore now shape our course for the mainland of the
+Southland, to which we are navigating. About noon we were close inshore,
+running along the coast with small sail at about half a mile's distance
+from it, in order to see if we could not descry any men or signs of men,
+until the afternoon, when we saw a small column of smoke rise up from the
+higher land, but it soon vanished. Nevertheless we anchored there in 21
+fathom fine sandy bottom, in order to look for the skipper with his men,
+but the smoke did not appear again, and no one showed on the beach, from
+which we concluded that the smoke had been made by the natives, who now
+did not venture to show themselves. As it blew very hard, we remained at
+anchor here for the night.
+
+On the 16th do. in the morning we weighed anchor again with a S.S.E. wind
+and a top-gallant gale. We again ran close along the land with small sail
+at about a howitzer's shot's distance from the surf. Towards noon we
+sighted the inlet which we had meant to run into on the 8th of June last,
+when we were seeking water with the pinnace, and {Page 62} where we were
+befallen by a storm from the north-west, which would certainly have sent
+us to destruction, if God had not miraculously saved us. Here we saw
+divers smoke-clouds rising up, which gladdened us all with the hope that
+our men might be there. I therefore sent the pinnace ashore directly for
+the purpose of getting certain information regarding the place and the
+clouds of smoke we had seen; the men in her, after rounding a steep
+point, where we had suspected the presence of water, discovered a running
+streamlet, of which the water was brackish near the sea, but quite fresh
+higher up; they also found a great many human footprints and continuous
+footpaths leading to the mountains, and saw numerous clouds of smoke, but
+the blacks kept themselves in concealment, and no human being was seen.
+
+Formerly, when we were sailing about here with the pinnace, we had also
+been close inshore, but did not then see any men or smoke-clouds at this
+place. Thinking this a fitting opportunity, I have here sent on shore the
+two condemned delinquents [*] Wouter Loos and Jan Pelgrom de By, of
+Bemmel, in a sampan provided with all necessaries. God grant that this
+punishment may ultimately redound to the service of the Company, and that
+the two delinquents may come off with their lives, so as to be able to
+give trustworthy information about these parts. This inlet is in 27 deg. 51'.
+In the afternoon, seeing there was no hope or chance of finding the
+skipper, we made sail and shaped our course to north-west, two points off
+the land, because it began to blow hard, and in the evening we turned to
+west-north-west...[**].
+
+[* They had been sentenced to being marooned.]
+
+[* The ship returned to Batavia on the 5th of December.]
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XXIV.
+
+
+(1635). [*] FURTHER SURVEYINGS OF THE WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA BY THE
+SHIP AMSTERDAM UNDER COMMANDER WOLLEBRAND GELEYNSZOON DE JONGH AND
+SKIPPER PIETER DIRCKSZ, ON HER VOYAGE FROM THE NETHERLANDS TO THE EAST
+INDIES.
+
+[* In 1629 the west-coast of Australia in the neighbourhood of Dirk
+Hartogsz Roads was touched at by Dutch vessels, and in 1632 the Trialls
+were passed by Dutch ships on the outward voyage. What we know about
+these two points is of no interest as regards our subject.]
+
+_Journal of Commander WOLLEBRAND GELEYNSZOON DE JONGH._ [*]
+
+[* I know this journal only from what LEUPE extracts from it in his
+"Zuidland", pp. 62 ff. (the passages in question being given above), and
+from certain written notes from Leupe's hand. From the latter I have
+learned _inter alia_, the name of the skipper, the date of departure from
+the Texel (December 26, 1634), and the date of arrival at Batavia (June
+24, 1635).]
+
+...[May 25] Last night when two glasses of the first watch were out, we
+got a slight breeze from the N.W., which gradually stiffened, so that
+there was a fair breeze at the latter end of this watch, which kept
+blowing through the night till the following forenoon, when the wind
+turned to W. by N. and W.N.W. with a squall of rain, it blowing a strong
+top-gallant gale until the evening, course kept E. by N. until one hour
+after daybreak when we sighted the South-land.
+
+We went over to port directly, keeping a N.E. and N.E. by E. course until
+noon, when we stood out to sea from the land, on a W. and W. by S. course
+with a top-gallant gale. We took the latitude, which we found to be 25 deg.
+16' South, but of {Page 63} this we are not quite sure; we were not able
+to take the sun's azimuth, either in the morning or in the evening; we
+sailed 20 miles until we saw the land, from which we were at 4 or 41/2
+miles' distance by estimation, on an E. by N. course, and on various
+courses during the day, course N.N.E. for 6 or 7 miles.
+
+We had made this land in 4 months and 20 days. We saw a good deal of
+rock-weed floating past our ship, and also a small Saturn-gull, and not
+above 6 or 7 other gulls; the swell ran strongly from the south-west and
+afterwards more from the south; along the land the sea was tolerably
+smooth.
+
+We adjusted our compasses at 4 deg. north-westerly variation. In the morning
+of the same day about two hours after sunrise, when prayers were over, we
+saw the south-land straight ahead to the great joy of all of us; it was
+east of us, at about 3 or 5 miles' distance by estimation, when we got
+sight of it; it was a low-lying coast extending mainly N.N.E. and S.S.W.
+as given in the chart, so far as we could see. We immediately began to
+sail close-hauled to port on a N.E. and N.E. by E. course, sometimes a
+little higher and at other times a little lower, until three glasses in
+the afternoon had run out, when we got a squall of rain with the wind
+going over to W.N.W., upon which we ran north again, since at noon owing
+to the nearly contrary wind we had gone over to W. in order to keep off
+the land. We now shaped our course to north, at times to N. by W. nearly
+as high as we could sail and the wind would allow us.
+
+The land which we saw, and from which at noon we were at no more than 11/2
+or two miles' distance by estimation, we judged to be the land of
+d'Eendracht, and the land which we were near to at noon Dirck
+Hartochsz-Roads, for we had before us a large bay or bight between two
+capes. In the bay we could see no land from the main-topmast, but so far
+as we could discern the surf ran through the whole bay from the one cape
+to the other.
+
+The land shows various white plots near the seaside, and in many places
+rises very steeply so far as we could see.
+
+The breakers on the coast were very strong, but there were no rocks or
+shallows near the coast on which we could see the surf break, except at
+the cape north of Dirck Hartochs Roads, off which there seemed to be a
+small shoal or rock on which the surf broke, but it may as well have been
+a landspit running southward out to sea from the cape.
+
+As soon as we got sight of the land, we cast the lead, and took soundings
+in 90 fathom whitish sandy bottom with small shells, at about 41/2 or 5
+miles' distance from the land; in the middle of the forenoon we cast the
+lead again and touched the bottom in 75 fathom coarse and fine sand,
+mixed with small shells, at a little under 3 miles' distance from the
+land; we saw a good deal of rock-weed float alongside.
+
+At noon we sounded in 55 fathom, at about two miles' distance from the
+shore, straight in front of Dirck Hartochsz Roads, greyish sand.
+
+{Page 64}
+
+About 2 o'clock in the afternoon we sounded in 50 fathom white, clean
+sand-bottom, with very small, thin shells, at about i1/2 mile's distance by
+estimation from the northern extremity of Dirck Hartochsz. Roads, and two
+miles from the southern extremity of the road-stead just mentioned.
+
+Towards the evening after supper, we cast the lead and sounded in 50
+fathom grayish sand-bottom, at about 21/2 miles' distance by estimation
+from the land, and about 3 miles to northward of Dirck Hartochsz Roads.
+
+At night when 4 glasses of the first watch were out, we cast the lead and
+sounded in 50 fathom grayish sand with small shells, estimating ourselves
+to be about 3 miles off the land, and about 7 miles to northward of Dirck
+Hartochsz. Roads.
+
+At the latter end of the first watch when seven glasses were out, we cast
+the lead and touched the bottom in 48 fathom, but could not make out how
+far we were from the land (since it was night, and we could not see the
+coast), except from our course, by which we estimated the distance to be
+4 miles.
+
+In the second watch when three glasses had run out, we cast the lead
+again and sounded in 47 fathom sandy bottom as before; we kept sounding
+every two or three glasses during the whole night until sunrise and found
+80 fathom sandy bottom; we saw no land, but from our course and rate of
+progress we deemed ourselves to be at 91/2 miles' distance from the nearest
+land, estimating our latitude, from the observation we took on the 26th
+do. at noon, and from our rate of progress, to be 24 deg. South. But we did
+not see any land again throughout the day, and left off sounding, since
+our skippers and steersmen, judging from their estimations and from the
+course we kept (being north, and two points off the land according to the
+trend of the coast), were of opinion that we could get no bottom, so that
+we thought it needless to go on sounding...
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XXV.
+
+
+(1636). NEW DISCOVERIES ON THE NORTH-COAST OF AUSTRALIA BY THE SHIPS
+KLEIN-AMSTERDAM AND WESEL, COMMANDED BY (GERRIT THOMASZOON POOL AND)
+PIETER PIETERSZOON.
+
+[* Pool was killed on the South-west coast of New Guinea, April 28, 1636,
+and was succeeded in the command of the ships by Pieter Pieterszoon.
+Unlike my treatment of Carstensz's voyage in 1623, the present account
+will not embrace the further discovery of the South-west coast of New
+Guinea. I had to give the route followed along this coast in 1632 because
+it throws light on the expedition under Willem Jansz. in 1605/6.]
+
+A.
+
+_Instructions for Commander Gerrit Thomasz Pool and the Council of the
+Yachts Cleen Amsterdam and Wesel, destined for the discovery of the lands
+situated east of Banda, and furthermore of the South-land, thence
+extending to the South-west._
+
+Inasmuch as for a long time past the "Heeren Majores" have been very
+instantly recommending to us the discovery of the South-land, and still
+continue to do so, and we have frequently discussed the matter
+with...even before his departure, therefore it has been resolved and
+determined in the Council of India that you shall be employed with the
+Yachts Cleen Amsterdam and Wesel in the said discovery of the lands east
+of Banda and of the South-land extending to westward.
+
+You will set sail from Amboyna for Banda, in the name of God, With the
+said yachts Cleen Amsterdam and Wesel on the first of April next, and
+when you shall have arrived there, you will communicate these Orders and
+Instructions to the Lord Governor Acoley.
+
+Whom by these presents we enjoin to hand you in writing all such ampler
+information as during his residence at Banda His Worship shall have
+collected touching the {Page 65} lands and islands situated east of
+Banda, at the same time letting you know where and in what islands His
+Worship thinks some profit to be obtainable for the Company, or how
+massoye bark and fitting men may be got, which order will in that case
+have to be first executed.
+
+And in case you should obtain no additional information, we would have
+you set sail from Banda as speedily as possible for Arnhems- and Speults
+land, situated between 9 and 13 degrees Southern Latitude, discovered
+A.D. 1623, as you will more fully see from the appended chart; these are
+the large lands; you will endeavour to ascertain what may be obtained
+from there, whether these lands are peopled, and what the natives subsist
+on.
+
+After touching at the said islands you will cross over in order to strike
+the land of Nova Guinea likewise discovered A.D. 1623, by the Yachts Pera
+and Arnhem as far as 17 deg. 8' Southern Latitude, which we surmise to be the
+South-land extending to westward from the said latitude as far as 26
+degrees or as far as the land of de Eendracht.
+
+The men of the Yachts Pera and Arnhem have, as before mentioned, sailed
+along this coast from about 4 degrees to 17 degrees 8 minutes, and have
+landed at various places, where they found nothing but barren coasts and
+lands, and utterly barbarian, cruel, wild natives, who surprised nine of
+our men fishing, and assassinated the same. The various strands, rivers,
+bays, points and the trend of this coast you will gather from the chart
+aforesaid.
+
+From the farthest point discovered, which as before mentioned, is in Lat.
+17 deg. 8' South, you will skirt the coast as far as Houtmans Abrolhos in 28
+and 29 degrees, and farther still, if your provisions hold out, if the
+condition of your crews will allow of it, and if your Yachts are proof
+against the rough seas that prevail in the Southern Ocean in 33 and 34
+degrees; after which you will return to Batavia through Sunda Strait,
+trying in passing to touch at the Trials, that further information about
+this rock and its situation may in this way be obtained.
+
+In sailing along the coast you will have all bays and inlets you may meet
+with, diligently examined, and keep a sharp look-out for the discovery of
+channels or openings that might afford a passage into the South Sea,
+since we surmise that such passage must be looked for to northward rather
+than to southward, considering the breadth of the South-land between 28
+and 32 or 33 degrees.
+
+In case you should discover channels leading to the South Sea, or should
+find the South-land to consist of islands, you will endeavour to pass
+through or between the same, diligently observing the mouths and outlets,
+and then returning again through the same passage in order to proceed
+with your discovery along the north-side.
+
+In landing with small craft you will use great circumspection, and your
+treatment of the natives that should allow you to come to parley, must
+and ought to be marked by great kindness, wary caution, and skilful
+judgment; slight misdemeanours on the part of such natives, such as petty
+thefts and the like, which they should commit against you, you will
+suffer to pass unnoticed, that by so doing you may draw them unto you,
+and not inspire them with aversion to our nation. Whoever endeavours to
+discover unknown lands and tribes, had need to be patient and
+long-suffering, noways quick to fly out, but always bent on ingratiating
+himself.
+
+We have put on board your ships various kinds of merchandise and
+minerals, which you will show to the people whom you should come to
+parley with, partly that by so doing you may come to know whether any of
+these goods are produced by their country, partly in order to see what
+desire and inclination they evince to our mercantile commodities, and
+what goods they might be ready to offer in exchange for the same.
+
+{Page 66}
+
+Close attention should be paid to the disposition of the people, their
+character, condition and humours; to the religion they profess and to
+their manner of government; their wars, their arms and weapons; the food
+they eat and the clothes they wear, and what they mainly subsist on.
+
+Careful observation should be made, and exact records kept, of the winds
+and currents, the rains and tides etc. which you shall meet with in this
+your intended voyage.
+
+You will make due observation also of all lands, islands, strands,
+rivers, bays, points, rocks, reefs, cliffs, shallows and whatever else
+appertains to the same; of all which you will have accurate surveyings
+made, showing the true bearings, longitude and latitude, in accordance
+with the circumstances under which you shall get sight and knowledge of
+the same.
+
+For this purpose availing yourselves of the services of Subcargo Pieter
+Pietersen...
+
+You will not carry off with you any natives against their will, but if a
+small number of them should be found willing to come hither of their own
+accord, you will grant them passage...
+
+Commander Francisco Pelsert, having A.D. 1629 put ashore there two Dutch
+delinquents, who had in due form of justice been sentenced to forfeit
+their lives [*], you will grant passage to the said persons, if they
+should be alive to show themselves, and should request you to be brought
+hither.
+
+[* See _ante_, p. 62.]
+
+It would be a thing highly desirable for ships bound from the Netherlands
+to India, if on the coast of the South-land between 26 and 28 degrees a
+fitting place for obtaining refreshments and fresh water could be
+discovered, seeing that mainly about that latitude scorbut and other
+disorders begin to show themselves, at times carrying off numbers of men
+even before they reach Batavia.
+
+Finally, as hereinbefore mentioned, we shall expect you back here through
+Sunda Strait, if no obstacles come in your way to prevent this, and if
+the land is found to extend in one unbroken coast~line, as we surmise it
+to do, of which your experience will be our teacher.
+
+It should furthermore be noted that we are convinced that the west-coast
+of Nova Guinea, or the land discovered as far as Lat. 17 deg. 8' South by the
+Yachts Pera and Arnhem, forms one whole with the South-land, a point
+which in drawing up these Instructions we have taken for granted.
+
+Therefore, if you should find the contrary to be the case, a matter of
+which we will by no means deny the possibility, and if the South-land
+should by you be found to be an island, you will sail southward along the
+coast of Nova Guinea, as far as the 32nd degree S.L., and thence on a
+westerly course touch at the eastern extremity of the South-land, which
+in January 1627 was discovered by the ship t'Zeepaart. When you shall
+have made the South-land on this course, you will run one degree more to
+southward near the islands of St. Pieter and Francois, that by so doing
+you may obtain full certainty that from that point the coast-line trends
+to westward. After which you will run northward again, skirting the
+Southland, past de Witsland, as far as Houtman's shoal and furthermore to
+33 or 34 degrees, if wind and weather shall permit, returning thence to
+Batavia, as hereinbefore mentioned.
+
+{Page 67}
+
+In conclusion, we wish you all the blessin of the Lord, a prosperous
+voyage and safe return, hoping at the same time that this voyage may
+redound to the advantage of the Company, to the glory of our country, and
+to your especial honour. Amen.
+
+Done in the Castle of Batavia, this 19th of February, A.D. 1636.
+(Signed)
+ANTHONIO VAN DIEMEN, PHILIP LUCASZ, ARTUS GYSELS and JAN VAN DER BURCH.
+
+B.
+
+_Daily Register of Batavia._
+
+October 1636.
+
+The 6th do.
+
+This day in the afternoon there arrived here from Amboyna the Yacht Cleyn
+Wesel, having on board the subcargo Pieter Pietersen, who...after the
+lamentable assassination of Commander Gerrit Thomasz Pool on the coast of
+Nova Guinea, had succeeded to the latter's office, and with the Yachts
+Cleen Amsterdam and Wesel had returned to Amboyna by way of Banda,
+reporting in substance as follows, both by word of mouth and by the
+journal kept during the voyage and the Resolutions duly registered,
+touching what happened in the course of the expedition, to wit...
+
+On the 6th of June [they came to anchor] before the native village of
+Taranga at the south-western extremity of Arouw, in order...to provide
+themselves with certain necessaries...
+
+On the 9th of June, being duly revictualled, he had set sail again from
+the said native village of Taranga, shaping his course to southward in
+order to endeavour to get to eastward by some means or other, so as to
+accomplish his ordained voyage; but when he had got to southward as far
+as the 11th degree of latitude, he had not only found and met with the
+east- and south-east-winds blowing constantly with great vehemence and
+hollow seas, but had also come upon a new land; in such fashion that,
+seeing no chance of getting to eastward for the accomplishment of his
+voyage, since such voyage will have to take place in the beginning of the
+western monsoon, he resolved with his council to give up further
+investigations to eastward, to explore and survey the situation of the
+newly discovered Van Diemensland, also called Arnhems or Speultsland,
+and, having gathered the required information, to run northward again for
+the purpose of obtaining perfect knowledge of the islands of Timor and
+Tenember; and all this having been duly effected, to return to Banda etc.
+
+In conformity with this resolution the said Pieter Pietersen has surveyed
+the newly discovered land for the space Of 20 miles from East to West; he
+has seen many fires and frequent clouds of smoke, but no natives, houses,
+prows or fruit-trees, although he has paddled close along the shore with
+an orangbay, and gone ashore in sundry places, finding the land wild and
+barren; wherefore, not having been able to come to parley with any of the
+inhabitants, on the 20th of June, as previously resolved upon, he ran to
+the north from a certain Red point jutting out into the sea to northward,
+where the land falls off abruptly to the west, for the purpose of making
+the islands of Timor and Tenember...
+
+{Page 68}
+
+C.
+
+_Journal of the voyage to Nova Guinea, 1636._
+
+...In the early morning of Friday [June 6]...we arrived before the native
+village of Taranga...
+
+On Monday the 9th do. At daybreak the wind was S.E...we set sail from
+Taranga...shaping our course to the S.S.W.
+
+We could take no latitude at noon...
+
+In the first watch we sailed S.S.W. the space of about 3 glasses; the
+wind was S.E. with a fair breeze, and afterwards E.S.E.; we sailed to
+southward for the time of 12 glasses; at the beginning of the day-watch
+the wind was E.N.E. with a fresh breeze; we sailed S.E. for about eight
+glasses...
+
+On Tuesday the 10th do. In the morning about breakfast-time the wind blew
+from the E.N.E. as before...
+
+We estimated ourselves to have sailed 91/2 miles on a generally Southern
+course from last night to the present night.
+
+On Wednesday the 11th do. Course held S.S.E...We had sailed on a Southern
+and S. by E. course about 11 miles by estimation during the last 24
+hours...
+
+On Thursday the 12th do. The wind E.S.E. as before...At noon we were in
+Lat. 10 deg. 2', so that I find we are farther to southward as would accord
+with our estimation and our courses kept, on which account I believe the
+current must have driven us a good deal to S.S.E.. In the afternoon the
+sky was overcast, the wind E.S.E. and S.E. by E. with a light breeze; we
+sailed to S. by W. with our mainsails set. Towards the evening the water
+became all of a sudden very smooth and of a pale colour; after sunset we
+cast the lead in 40 fathom good anchoring ground, fine sand, but could
+see no land: we took in our foresail and sailed in the night with the
+mainsail only to avoid press of sail. We estimated ourselves to have
+sailed about 12 miles on a general S.W. by S. course during the last 24
+hours. In the night the wind was E. by S., E.S.E. and S.E. by E. with
+fine, lovely, clear weather and a top-gallant gale; throughout the night
+our average course was S., we cast the lead now and then in 42, 39, 38,
+36 and 25 fathom good anchoring-ground.
+
+On Friday the 13th do., the wind was nearly S.E., with a top-gallant gale
+and smooth water; course S.S.W. and S. by W.; the water was very pale in
+colour, but we could see no land; the weather was lovely and clear; at
+noon we found ourselves to be in 10 deg. 50' S.L.
+
+Shortly after noon we cast the lead in 32 fathom good anchoring-ground;
+at four glasses in the afternoon we saw the land S.E. by S. of us, at
+about 6 miles' distance from us it was a low-lying coast with small
+hills; about 6 miles farther to westward we also saw land, not connected
+with the first land, but upwards of three miles distant from the same.
+
+Towards the evening it fell a calm; at sunset there was a faint breeze
+from the S.S.E.; we made out the extremity of the land to be at about 3
+miles' distance S.E. by S. of us; we were still in 32 fathom good
+anchoring-ground; we accordingly went over to eastward, but when shortly
+before the setting of the watch, the wind went down still more and began
+to turn to the N.W., we dropped anchor in 29 fathom good
+anchoring-ground.
+
+{Page 69}
+
+On Saturday the 14th do. the current began to set to the S.E. in the
+morning, and the wind to blow hard from the E.S.E., so that we could not
+carry mainsails then; we weighed anchor and set sail on a South and
+South-by-east course. The water gradually shallowed, and seeing that we
+could not make the easternmost land, we ran to the westernmost, where we
+came to anchor at about a musket-shot's distance from the land in 10
+fathom good anchoring-ground. Close along the shore the land is somewhat
+rock and reefy here; this land extends here about 3 miles S.E. by S. and
+N.W. by N., both slightly more to South and North. In the afternoon we
+sent out our small boat to take soundings close inshore; on returning the
+men reported that until they came to the reefs they had found no less
+than 31/2 fathom good anchoring-ground. Off the point near which we lay at
+anchor, a river ran landinward; we hoisted the white flag, and caused the
+little boat to paddle close along the shore. We saw smoke, indeed, in
+many parts of the inland, but no natives, houses or vessels. This land is
+not high, chiefly level, thickly covered with trees, and with a sandy
+beach at the seaside. We had taken no latitude at noon; the tide seems to
+run from the N.W. here; in the night at the latter end of the first watch
+we could take the latitude by the stars and found it to be 12 deg. 8' South.
+
+On Sunday the 15th do. at daybreak the wind blew hard from the E.S.E.; it
+was mainsail weather; we convened the Plenary Council and resolved with
+the same further to explore this land to the north-west and to use all
+possible diligence to get knowledge touching the island of Timor, as will
+be found more amply set forth in this day's Resolution.
+
+As we were weighing our anchor, a lanyard and a pulley got broken; we
+shaped our course to N.W. by N. and N.N.W. Having sailed the space of
+about 2 miles, we came to a point, between which point and another point,
+a distance of about 4 miles, the land extends W.N.W. and E.S.E. with
+hardly any curve, and with rocks and reefs along the shore. Off this
+point the surf and the breakers ran very strongly, as if there were a
+shoal there, seeing that the wind and the current were opposed to each
+other. We therefore sailed along the coast at less than a mile's distance
+from the same in 12, 11 and 10 fathom good anchoring-ground. In many
+places we saw great clouds of smoke landinward, but no fruit-trees,
+houses, vessels or natives; the land seems to be quite wild. Towards the
+evening we cast anchor in 9 fathom good anchoring-ground at about half a
+cannonshot's distance from the land; the aforesaid point was E. by N. of
+us at upwards of half a mile's distance; during the night we had violent
+squalls from the E.S.E. with a thick, foggy sky; landinward we observed a
+number of fires.
+
+On Monday the 16th do. in the early morning the wind blew from the E.S.E.
+as before with sudden violent squalls. As we were weighing our anchor,
+the lanyard-pulley broke, and shortly after our anchor-cable snapped off
+at about three fathom's distance from the anchor, so that we lost the
+latter. As we were setting our foresail, a musket-shot was fired from the
+Yacht Wesel, upon which we dropped our other anchor again; when towards
+the evening the weather had somewhat improved, we sent our orangbay to
+the Wesel, to learn the meaning of the musket-shot; when the men
+returned, they informed us that the Wesel had also lost an anchor, but
+that the buoyrope had remained entire, so that we remained here till the
+following day in order to recover the same.
+
+On Tuesday the 17th do. towards noon we were informed that the buoy-rope
+of the Wesel had broken of its own accord close to the anchor, so that
+they had also lost their anchor, upon which forthwith weighing the
+anchors of both the Yachts, we found that the cables had also been
+damaged through rubbing against hidden stones and rocks.
+
+{Page 70}
+
+As beforementioned, the coast here extends W.S.W. for the space of about
+4 miles, with hardly any curve; at 3/8 of a mile's distance from the land
+there is already 8 and 7 fathom, good clayey bottom; the wind still blew
+from the S.E. and E.S.E. with a steady stiff gale; towards the evening we
+came to anchor in 7 fathom good anchoring-ground, at about half a mile's
+distance from the land, having the point E.S.E. of us at less than a
+mile's distance.
+
+Up to now we have seen no men, vessels or houses; we should certainly
+have landed with the boats here and there, but that they were both of
+them stove in, and had first to be thoroughly overhauled before they
+could be used. During the night the weather was lovely and calm.
+
+On Wednesday the 18th do., the wind blowing from the E.S.E., the weather
+was calmer, fairer and steadier than before. We gave a coat of tar to
+both our yachts, and remained at anchor the whole of this day, chiefly in
+order to see if we could not get sight of natives here or there and come
+to parley with the same, but we waited in vain for them. During the night
+the weather was bright, fair and clear, the wind blowing from the S.S.E.,
+S.E., and E.S.E.
+
+On Thursday the 19th do. at daybreak, the wind being E.S.E. with fair
+weather and a weak breeze, we weighed anchor and shaped our course to
+W.S.W., slightly more to westward. (The land here extends with a great
+curve and river as far as the Witte Hoeck [White point], known by the
+white sand-hill near the strand when you come from the east).
+
+At 4 glasses after breakfast we came near a stony, rocky reef, which we
+kept outside or to seaward of in 8 and 9 fathom. The eastern extremity of
+it is less than a mile to the S.W., slightly more southerly, of the Witte
+Hoeck, and the western extremity upwards of mile to the S.W. by S.,
+slightly more southerly, of the same; the reef extends S.E. by S. and
+N.W. by N.; it is not very long or broad, and there were violent breakers
+upon it.
+
+When we had weathered the reef, we again ran W.S.W. at less than a mile's
+distance from the land, in 8, 9, 7 and 5 fathom good anchoring-ground.
+From the Witte Hoeck the land trends nearly to W.S.W. with a slight
+curve, as far as one can see; close to the sea the beach is chiefly
+sandy, with small, low sand-hills here and there.
+
+The whole day we saw a good deal of smoke landinward; at noon we were in
+exactly 11 deg. S.L. From this Witte Hoeck the land trends to W.S.W.,
+slightly westerly, with a slight curve for the space of upwards of 3
+miles; from there to W.N.W. with a strong curve the space of upwards of
+two miles, as far as a point, off which point, at less than half a mile's
+distance to N.E. by E., there is a small island on all sides surrounded
+by shoals and reefs; beyond this island the land falls off to the S.W.,
+making a curve of 2 miles at least but afterwards it trends to the N.W.
+again. This island bears from the land about N.W. and S.E.; the beach is
+sandy with reefs here, and there.
+
+At sunset it fell a calm, and we came to anchor in 8 fathom good
+anchoring-ground at about a mile's distance from the land, having the
+island S.S.E. of us at upwards of a mile's distance. Shortly after we saw
+two fires on the beach beyond the island. We estimated ourselves to have
+sailed about 8 miles this day; during the night the wind blew from the S.
+and S.S.W. with lovely weather. We found little or no current running
+here.
+
+{Page 71}
+
+On Friday the 20th do. we set sail at daybreak with a weak breeze from
+the S.; we kept mainly at a mile's distance from the land in 7 and 71/2
+fathom good anchoring-ground. In the course of the day the wind went over
+to N.E., after which we ran N.W.; at noon we got near the Roode Hoeck
+[red point], situated N.W. of the island aforesaid at about 5 miles'
+distance; upwards of half a mile's distance from here the land falls off
+to W. by W.; from this point a large reef was seen running out to sea the
+length of upwards of 11/2 mile, which reef being unable to weather because
+we sailed so close to the wind, we came to anchor in 71/2 fathom good
+anchoring-ground, at half a mile's distance from the land; the Roode
+Hoeck was S.W. and S.W. by S. of us at upwards of half a mile's distance;
+we saw smoke rising in various places.
+
+On Saturday the 21st do. we set sail with a S.S.E. and S.E. by S. wind, a
+weak breeze and lovely weather. Here, from the point, the land extended
+to S. by W. and S.S.W. as far as one could see, with a slight curve only.
+The reef above referred to runs out to sea in a northward direction from
+the Roode Hoeck upwards of two miles, and from there very far to
+westward, upwards of 11/2 mile from the land. It consists of sandy shoals,
+having a small hill or rock above water; alongside it the depth was 7, 6,
+5 and 4 fathom, uneven bottom. And since the wind blew from the S.E. by
+S. as before, so that we could not make the land again, we resolved to
+run N.E. We accordingly shaped our course to the N.N.E. for the purpose
+of touching at Timor with the help of Almighty God, and take surveyings
+of the same.
+
+In or near this land, which in our chart [*] we have named Van
+Diemensland, we have seen no men, houses, fruit-trees or prows, although
+we ventured to inspect it paddling with our orangbay close along the
+shore; the boats of both the yachts being unfit for use, stove in, and
+under repair. About 2 glasses after noon, the wind was N.E., N.N.E., and
+N.E. by N. with calm and steady weather. At sunset we estimated ourselves
+to have the Roode Hoeck S.S.E. of us at 6 miles' distance; during the
+night there was a weak breeze from the E.S.E., N.E. by E. and also N.E.;
+course held N.N.W., N. by W. and also N., with bright, lovely and clear
+weather.
+
+[* This chart is wanting.]
+
+On Sunday the 22nd do. in the morning the wind was E.S.E. with a lovely
+breeze and top-gallant weather; course held N.E. At noon we took the
+latitude and found it to be 10 deg. 10' South...[*]
+
+[* The further progress of the voyage has no interest connected with our
+present subject.]
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 72}
+
+
+
+XXVI.
+
+
+(1642-1643). DISCOVERY OF TASMANIA (VAN DIEMENS LAND), NEW ZEALAND
+(STATENLAND), ISLANDS OF THE TONGA AND FIJI GROUPS, ETC. BY THE SHIPS
+HEEMSKERK AND DE ZEEHAEN UNDER THE COMMAND OF ABEL JANSZOON TASMAN, FRANS
+JACOBSZOON VISSCHER, YDE TJERKSZOON HOLMAN OR HOLLEMAN, AND GERRIT
+JANSZ(OON).
+
+_See_ Frederik Muller and Co's _Tasman Folio._
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XXVII.
+
+
+(1644). FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE GULF OF CARPENTARIA, THE NORTH-
+AND NORTH-WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA BY THE SHIPS LIMMEN, ZEE MEEUW AND DE
+BRACQ UNDER THE COMMAND OF TASMAN, VISSCHER, DIRK CORNELISZOON HAEN AND
+JASPER JANSZOON KOOS.
+
+A.
+
+_See_ Frederik Muller and Co's _Tasman Folio._
+
+B.
+
+_Letter of the Governor-General and Councillors to the Governor of Banda,
+November 29, 1644._
+
+...We shall not recount here how...Tasman had coasted along the land of
+Nova Guinea and the South-land without finding any channel or opening up
+to Willems River, from where he has returned hither through Sunda Strait,
+but would refer Your Worship to the annexed extract from their journals,
+which we request you to peruse with attention, and to order...Dortsman
+[*] or any other person whom you shall charge with the voyage to
+Timorlaut, in case their plans touching these islands should succeed
+speedily and prosperously, and they should still have time at their
+disposal, to make for the great river which our men have christened
+Waterplaets, in 12 degrees Southern Latitude and 1601/4 degrees Longitude,
+to sail up the same river landinward, in which there is the less
+difficulty, since the river, being deep and wide, can be sailed up by the
+yacht, which can conveniently turn, veer and tack in it...
+
+[* Adriaan Dortsman had been ordered on a voyage of discovery east and
+south of Banda. This voyage took place in 1645 and 1646, but Australia
+was not visited on that occasion.]
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 73}
+
+
+
+XXVIII.
+
+
+(1648). EXPLORATORY VOYAGE TO THE WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA ROUND BY
+THE SOUTH OF JAVA, BY THE SHIP LEEUWERIK, COMMANDED BY JAN JANSZOON
+ZEEUW.
+
+A.
+
+A.
+
+_Instructions for the officers of the Yacht den Leeuwerik...June 27,
+1648._
+
+Having learned by the ships last arrived here from Banda, what poor
+rice-crops they had in those quarters last year, so that, had not they
+received some timely supplies of this grain from Amboyna, they would have
+been put to exceeding inconvenience; and having besides seen from the
+letter of Governor Cornelis Willemse van Outhoorn that also this year
+they are under serious apprehensions of the like scarcity, in case
+supplies from Batavia should be long in coming.
+
+Therefore we have lately resolved in our Council to make an express
+shipment thither at this time of year...chiefly and principally that, if
+this voyage should have the expected success, which may the Almighty
+grant in His mercy, we may in future be sure that such voyage could be
+made every year after the arrival of the first ships from there, and the
+said important Government be by us duly assisted...as regards rice and
+other necessaries.
+
+This Yacht, which we consider to be of strong build and a good sailer,
+having by us been assigned for this purpose...you will weigh anchor in
+the name of God early to-morrow, set sail, and use your utmost endeavours
+to get clear of Sunda Strait as soon as possible, and thus gain the
+open...
+
+As soon as you shall have got clear of the Prince islands...you will from
+there shape your course directly to the south, straight across the sea,
+thus sailing by the wind without looking right or left, until you shall
+have come to 32 or 33 degrees S.L., where with the help of God you will
+meet with the westerly trade-winds; and when you are quite sure of having
+got the same, without the least doubt on your part, you will direct your
+course to the South-land, trying to make it and get it alongside in 25 or
+26 degrees Southern Latitude, where the coast is generally of easy
+access, the land being of moderate height and somewhat resembling the
+coast of England.
+
+Having reached the South-land in such fashion as we have just indicated,
+you will keep the coast alongside, and not leave the same, but use your
+best endeavours to skirt it, not parting with it until you have weathered
+the Vuylen hoecq (Foul Point); after which you may leave the coast, and
+cross over from there, next using the easterly and south-easterly winds
+which you will meet with in those waters, for running in sight of the
+islands of Arou, Tenember and Damme or any of these, and then making
+straight for Banda with the utmost expedition, which port you will with
+God's help conveniently reach in the manner hereinbefore described.
+
+As we have already said, the accomplishment of this voyage at this season
+of the year (in which only strong headwinds are blowing along the
+ordinary route to Banda and other quarters nearer home) is of very great
+importance to the Honourable Company...
+
+We herewith hand you a new chart of the South-land, which you may avail
+yourselves of in due time, and we noways doubt you will find the same of
+great use to {Page 74} you, of which we hope afterwards to receive your
+report. Seeing that the waters you are going to navigate are for the
+greater part little known as yet, and that accordingly many noteworthy
+things are not unlikely to occur in your voyage, we hereby likewise
+earnestly enjoin you, not only to keep a complete and elaborate journal
+of this voyage, but also to make due observation of the direction of the
+winds, the trend of the coasts, the situation of bays, inlets and capes,
+and properly to note and make drawings of the same, that on your return
+you may be able to hand us a full and perfect report of the whole
+undertaking, thus furnishing fresh material for the correction of the
+charts now in use, and perhaps also of the courses to be kept...
+
+Given in the Castle of Batavia, June 27, A.D. 1648.
+
+(Signed) CORNELIS VAN DER LIJN, FRANCOIS CARON, CAREL RENIERSZ, JOCHUM R.
+VAN DEUTECOM, and GERARD DEMMER.
+
+B.
+
+_Letter of the G.-G. and Councillors to the Managers of the E.I.C.,
+January 18, 1649._
+
+...[We have dispatched to Banda] the yacht den Leeuwerck on the 28th of
+June of last year...through Sunda Strait, in order, if possible, to make
+the voyage to Banda along this route north of the South-land. Which
+undertaking has succeeded to our complete satisfaction but especially to
+the great joy of our Banda people, for which the Almighty be
+praised...since this success is undoubtedly of great advantage to the
+General Company, and makes it quite sure that in cases of shipwreck or
+other accidents we shall always be able to send succour and supplies to
+Banda and the quarters on this side of it along this newly discovered
+route...which, on receipt of the first advices in May next, may be done
+by the route abovementioned along the South-land. How this voyage was
+undertaken and successfully accomplished as far as Banda in the space of
+two months and 23 days, your Worships may be pleased to gather from the
+annexed daily journal and Chart [*] of Skipper Jan Jansz Zeeuw.
+
+[* Journal and chart are both of them wanting.]
+
+Written in Your Worships' Castle of Batavia, this 18th of January, A.D.
+1649.
+
+Your Worships' faithful servants the Governor-General and Councillors of
+India:
+
+CORNELIS VAN DER LIJN, F. CARON, CAREL REINIERS, J. P. VAN DUTECUM,
+GERARD DEMMER.
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 75}
+
+
+
+XXIX.
+
+
+(1656-1658). SHIPWRECK OF THE GULDEN OR VERGULDEN DRAAK ON THE
+WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA, 1656.--ATTEMPTS TO RESCUE THE SURVIVORS,
+1656-1658.--FURTHER SURVEYINGS OF THE WEST-COAST BY THE SHIP DE WAKENDE
+BOEI, COMMANDED BY SAMUEL VOLCKERTS(ZOON), AND BY THE SHIP EMELOORD,
+COMMANDED BY AUCKE PIETERSZOON JONCK, 1658.
+
+A.
+
+_Letter of the G.-G. and Counc. to the Managers of the E.I.C, December 4,
+1656._
+
+...On the 7th June there arrived here...from the South-land the cock-boat
+of the yacht den Vergulden Draeck with 7 men, to our great regret
+reporting that the said yacht had run aground on the said South-land in
+30 2/3 degrees, on April the 28th, that besides the loss of her cargo, of
+which nothing was saved, 118 men of her crew had perished, and that 69
+men who had succeeded in getting ashore, were still left there. For the
+purpose of rescuing these men, and of attempting to get back by divers or
+other means any part of the money or the merchandises that might still be
+recoverable, we dispatched thither on the said errand on the 8th of the
+said month of June [*], the flute de Witte Valeq, together with the yacht
+de Goede Hoop, which after staying away for some time were by violent
+storms forced to return without having effected anything, and without
+having seen any men or any signs of the wreck, although the said Goede
+Hoop has been on the very spot where the ship was said to have
+miscarried...[**]
+
+[* The day following that on which the report regarding the Vergulde
+Draak had reached Batavia.]
+
+[** Some of the men of the Goede Hoop had gone ashore, but had not
+returned.--The Witte Valk had touched at the Southland, but by "bad
+weather and the hollow sea" had been compelled to return without having
+effected anything.]
+
+In the Castle of Batavia, December 4, A.D. 1656.
+Your Worships' Obedt. Servts. the Governor-General and Councillors of India
+JOAN MAETSUYKER, CAREL HARTZINCK, JOAN CUNAEUS, NICOLAES VERBURCH, D. STEUR.
+
+B.
+
+_Daily Register of Batavia, 1657._
+
+[July] the 8th. Late in the evening there arrived in the road-stead here,
+and came to anchor, the small flute de Vinck of the Zealand Chamber,
+which had sailed [from the Netherlands] on December 24, 1656...she came
+hither via the Cape of Good Hope and the South-land...
+
+The skipper further reports that, according to the order and instructions
+handed him by Commander [*] Riebeeck, he had touched at the South-land,
+but it being the bad monsoon on the said coast, they had found it
+impossible to sail along the coast so far {Page 76} as to look after the
+wreck and the men of the lost ship den Draeck; for in the night of June 8
+(having the previous day seen all signs of land, and the weather being
+very favourable) they had come to anchor in 29 deg. 7' S.L., and the
+estimated Longitude of 130 deg. 43', in 25 fathom coarse sandy bottom mixed
+with coral; the following morning at daybreak they saw the breakers on
+the reef at the end of which they were lying at anchor, and on one side
+ahead of them, the South-land, which there showed as a low-lying coast
+with dunes; upon which they weighed anchor and continued sailing along
+the coast in order to keep near the land, which was still in sight the
+day following; but the weather began to become so much worse and the
+breakers on the coast were so violent, that it was a fearful sight to
+behold, upon which they shaped their course a little more to seaward. On
+the 10th and 11th they kept sailing along the coast in 40 or 50 fathom,
+but seeing their chances of touching at the coast this time get less and
+less, and the weather continuing very unruly with violent storms of
+thunder and lightning, they resolved to keep off the coast, and drifted
+on without sail. On the 12th they made small sail, the wind continuing to
+blow from the S. and S.S.W., and also from the S.S.E., and shaped their
+course for Batavia...
+
+[* Of the Cape of Good Hope.]
+
+C.
+
+_Letter of the G.-G. and Counc. to the Managers of the E. I. C., December
+14, 1658._
+
+...By our previous letters we informed Your Worships that on the first of
+January last we dispatched from here to the...Southland the galiots De
+Waeckende Boeij and Emeloort, for the purpose of making search for the
+crew of the lost ship de Vergulden Draecq, and of ascertaining whether
+they were still alive. The said ships returned to this place on the 19th
+of April following, after exploring the coast about the place of the
+disaster each of them for herself, since they had got separated; having
+in different places sent manned boats ashore, and fired many cannon shots
+time after time both by day and night, without, however, discovering any
+Netherlanders or any traces of the wreck, excepting a few planks
+[etc.]...which must undoubtedly be looked upon as remnants of the said
+ship...We herewith hand you the journals of the galiots [*]
+aforesaid...together with the small charts of the coast drawn up on board
+each of them[**]...
+
+[* See D and H _infra_]
+
+[* See E, F and I _infra_.]
+
+Written in Your Worships' Castle of Batavia, December 14, 1658.
+
+* * *
+
+JOAN MAETSUYKER, CAREL HARTSINCK, A.D. V. v. OULDTSHOORN, N. VERBURCH, D.
+STEUR, PIETER STERTHEMIUS.
+
+{Page 77}
+
+D.
+
+_Daily Journal kept by skipper SAMUEL VOLKERSENN on board the flute de
+Waeckende Boeij, sailing in the same from Battavia to the Southland. A.D.
+1658 [*]._
+
+[* On December 21, 1657 the G-G. and Counc. resolved to dispatch to the
+South-land the ships de Wakende Boei and Emeloord, for the purpose of
+making another attempt at rescuing what might still be rescued of the
+men, the cargo, etc. of the Vergulde Draak; "and also to get perfect
+knowledge, once for all, of the situation and trend of the said coast,
+with its shoals, reefs and shallows." The journals of the skippers of
+both vessels are preserved in the Hague State Archives. After mature
+consideration I have deemed it needless to print the said journals here,
+seeing that MAJOR, Terra Australis, refers to them on pp. 77-90, and
+gives the substance of the information contained in them (LEUPE,
+Zuidland, pp. 105 ff. has printed certain parts of the two journals). But
+above all, the charts made on this expedition, which are here carefully
+reproduced, give a more convenient survey of the results of it than could
+be done by the journals themselves, which for the rest contain little
+that is of interest for our present purpose.]
+
+E.
+
+_Chart of Eendrachisland_, 1658, on a small scale.
+
+[Map No. 8. Kaart van (Chart of) Eendrachtsland, 1658]
+
+{Page 78}
+
+F.
+
+_Chart of Eendrachisland_, 1658, on a larger scale.
+
+[Map No. 9. Kaart van (Chart of) Eendrachtsland, 1658]
+
+{Page 79}
+
+G.
+
+_A brief account of the west-coast of the South-land._
+
+The South-land has sandy dunes forming many points on the sea-side; the
+dunes all consist of loose sand overgrown with grass into which a man
+will sink up to his ankles, and leave deep footprints on withdrawing his
+feet.
+
+About a mile more or less off shore, there is as a rule a rocky reef, on
+which the breakers may be seen to dash violently in many places, the
+depth above the reef being in several places, 1, 11/2 and even 2 fathom, so
+that pinnaces and boats may get over it for the purpose of landing, there
+being deeper water close inshore, but all of it with a rocky, sharp
+coral-bottom, so that it is difficult to land there, and much harder
+still to keep a pinnace at anchor with a drag; except in a place about 9
+miles north of the island, where there are three rocks close to the
+shore, which are connected by a rocky reef, behind which you may
+conveniently lie at anchor and effect a landing with pinnaces or boats;
+but the bottom is foul and rocky everywhere.
+
+Inward, the land is pretty high, with hills of even height, but barren
+and wild to look at, except near the island where a great many trees are
+seen.
+
+In slightly under 32 deg. S. Lat. there is a large island, at about 3 miles'
+distance from the mainland of the South-land; this island has high
+mountains, with a good deal of brushwood and many thornbushes, so that it
+is hard to go over; here certain animals are found, since we saw many
+excrements, and besides two seals and a wild cat, resembling a civet-cat,
+but with browner hair. This island is dangerous to touch at, owing to the
+rocky reefs which are level with the water and below the surface, almost
+along the whole length of the shore; between it and the mainland there
+are also numerous rocks and reefs, and slightly more to southward there
+is another small island.
+
+This large island to which we have been unwilling to give a name, leaving
+this matter to the Honourable Lord Governor-General's pleasure, may be
+seen at 7 or 8 miles' distance out at sea in fine weather. I surmise that
+brackish or fresh water might be obtainable there, and likewise good
+firewood, but not without great trouble.
+
+Two good and certain landmarks of the West-coast of the Southland:
+
+Firstly: If in these regions you observe about 11 degrees variation of
+the compass, you may be sure of not being at more than 18 or 20 miles'
+distance from the land.
+
+Secondly: If you see rock-weed floating about, you may be assured that
+you will sound the bottom in 70, 60, 50, 40, 30 fathom or less.
+
+At foot:
+
+Your obedient Servant
+(signed)
+SAMUEL VOLCKERSEN.
+
+H.
+
+_Daily Journal kept by Skipper AUCKE PIETERS JONCK, skipper of the galiot
+Emeloordt, on her voyage from Battavia to the South-land, A.D. 1658 [*]_
+
+[* See preceding note.]
+
+{Page 80}
+
+I.
+
+_Chart of Eendrachisland, 1658_
+
+[Map No. 10. Kaart van (Chart of) Eendrachtsland, 1658]
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 81}
+
+
+
+XXX.
+
+
+(1658). THE SHIP ELBURG, COMMANDED BY JACOB PIETERSZOON PEEREBOOM,
+TOUCHES AT THE SOUTH-WEST COAST OF AUSTRALIA AND AT CAPE LEEUWIN, ON HER
+VOYAGE FROM THE NETHERLANDS TO BATAVIA [*].
+
+[* The ship Elburg arrived at Batavia on July 16, 1658.]
+
+_Letter of the G.-G. and Counc. to the Managers of the E.I.C., December
+14, 1658._
+
+...The flute Elburgh, Jacob Pietersz. Peereboom master, in coming hither
+struck the South-land in 311/2 degrees S.L., and the estimated longitude of
+117 deg., where, at about 21/2 miles' distance from the land, she was by the
+strong wind and the hollow sea forced to come to anchor in 22 fathom, not
+without great peril of being lost; but after 12 days' hard trying they at
+length got off again and into the open, for which God's name be praised.
+Meanwhile, in 33 deg. 14' S.L., round a projecting point, they have found a
+good anchoring-place, where they have been at anchor in 20 fathom, and
+where the skipper, together with one of the steersmen, the sergeant and 6
+soldiers landed round Leeuwinnen cape, finding there three black men,
+hung with skins like those at Cape de Bonne Esperance, with whom,
+however, they could not come to parley.
+
+On the spot where the blacks had been sitting, our men found a burning
+fire, near which there lay a number of assagays, together with three
+small hammers, consisting of a wooden handle to one end of which a hard
+pebble was fastened by means of a kind of wax or gum, the whole strong
+and heavy enough to knock out a man's brains.
+
+A little farther inward they came upon a number of huts, without any
+persons in them, and in various spots they found rills of fresh water,
+and here and there large quantities of the wax or gum aforesaid, of which
+we beg leave to hand you a small sample herewith, together with one of
+the said hammers, the wax or gum being of a red colour, and emitting an
+agreeable smell after being rubbed for some time...
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XXXI.
+
+
+(1678). FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE NORTH COAST OF AUSTRALIA BY THE
+VLIEGENDE ZWAAN, COMMANDER VAN DER WALL, ON HER VOYAGE TERNATE TO
+BATAVIA, IN FEBRUARY 1678.[*]
+
+[* The ship sailed from Ternate in December, 1677, and arrived at Batavia
+"by way of Timor and thus along Nova Guinea, without passing through
+Sunda Strait" (_Letter of the G.-G. and Counc. to the Managers of the
+E.I.C. May 8, 1678_).]
+
+_Chart of "the north side of the Southland and surveyed with the flute de
+Vliegende Zwaan in the month of February, by Jan Van Der Wall," A.D.
+1678_ [*].
+
+[* This chart is the only evidence of this voyage known to me. LEUPE,
+Zuidland, also, has not found anything else concerning it.]
+
+{Page 82}
+
+[Map No. 11. Kaart van de Noordzijde van 't Zuidland (Chart of the North
+side of the Southland), 1678]
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 83}
+
+
+
+XXXII.
+
+
+(1696-1697). FURTHER SURVEYINGS OF THE WEST-COAST OF AUSTRALIA BY
+THE SHIP GEELVINK, COMMANDED BY THE SKIPPER-COMMANDER OF THE EXPEDITION,
+WILLEM DE VLAMINGH, THE SHIP NIJPTANG UNDER GERRIT COLLAERT, AND THE SHIP
+HET WESELTJE, COMMANDED BY CORNELIS DE VLAMINGH. [*]
+
+[* In November and December 1695 the Managers of the E.I. Company
+(_Resolutions of the Heeren XVII of November 10, December 8 and 10, 1695_)
+resolved to dispatch a flotilla to the South-land or the land of
+d'Eendracht, this time starting from the Cape of Good Hope. Willem De
+Vlamingh was appointed commander-in-chief of the expedition. He was also
+instructed to inquire into the fate of the ship de Ridderschap van
+Holland, which had miscarried on her voyage from the Cape to Batavia in
+1694.]
+
+A.
+
+_Letter of the Governor-General and Councillors to the Managers of the
+E.I.C. at the Amsterdam Chamber, November 30, 1697._
+
+...As regards the results of the voyage of the three...vessels aforesaid
+[de Geelvink, de Nijptang and het Wezeltje], which, pursuant to the
+letters of the "Heeren XVII" of November 10, 1695, and March 16, 1696,
+and in accordance with Your Worships' Instructions of April 23 of the
+same year, have successfully accomplished their voyage by way of the
+Tristan de Cunha Islands and the Cape of Good Hope, furthermore via the
+islands of Amsterdam and St. Paulo, and along the land of d'Eendragt or
+the South-land, and have arrived here in good condition as regards ships
+and crews, we shall in the main beg leave to refer you to the journals
+kept on board the said ships, and to their annotations, together with the
+charts and a number of drawings of the said places, all which will be
+handed to Your Worships by the bearer of the same, Almoner Victor
+Victorszoon, who is now homeward bound in the ship Slants Welvaren. The
+drawings are packed in a case to the number of 11, to wit:
+
+7 of divers places in the South-land,
+1 of the island of Tristan de Cunha,
+1 of the island of Amsterdam,
+1 of the island of St. Paulo, and
+1 of the island of Mony [*].
+
+[* I have not found these drawings.--In the seventeenth-century charts
+Mony is South-west of Java.]
+
+{Page 84}
+
+We besides beg to forward to you a number of larger and smaller disks of
+wood, brought over from the said South-land by skipper Willem de
+Vlamingh, concerning which wood he had noted in his journal at the dates
+December 30 and 31, 1696, and January 2, 1697, that it was odoriferous, a
+point which we have not been able to verify here, although we have
+directly ordered a small portion of it to be distilled, and beg to hand
+you with the rest a small bottle of the oil thus gained for Your
+Worships' examination...together with a box containing shells collected
+on the beach, fruits, plants, etc., the whole, however, of little value
+and decidedly inferior to what elsewhere in India may be found of the
+same description; so that in general in this part of the South-land,
+which in conformity with their instructions they have diligently skirted,
+surveyed and observed, they have found little beyond an arid, barren and
+wild land, both near the shore and so far as they have been inland,
+without meeting with any human beings, though now and then they have seen
+fires from afar, some of the men fancying that two or three times they
+have seen a number of naked blacks, whom however they have never been
+able to come near to, or to come to parley with; nor have they found
+there any peculiar animals or birds, excepting that especially in the
+Swaene-revier [*] they have seen a species of black swans, three of which
+they have brought to Batavia alive, which we should have been glad to
+send over to Your Worships, but that shortly after their arrival here
+they all of them died one after another. Nor, so far as we know, have
+they met with any vestiges of the lost ship de Ridderschap van Hollant or
+of any other bottoms, either in those parts or near the islands of
+Amsterdam and St. Paulo, so that in sum nothing of any importance has
+been discovered in this exploratory voyage. Only, we must not omit to
+mention that in an island situated in 25 deg. S.L. near or before the
+South-land, they have found fastened to a pole, which though half-rotten
+stood still erect, a common pewter dish of medium size, which had been
+flattened and nailed to the pole aforesaid, where they found it still
+hanging; the said dish bearing the following words engraved on it, still
+distinctly legible:
+
+[* Opposite to the Rottenest island.]
+
+"A.D. 1616, on the 25th of October there arrived here the ship den
+Eendragt, of Amsterdam; supercargo Gillis Miebais, of Liege; skipper
+Dirck Hartog, of Amsterdam; she set sail again for Bantam, on the 27th
+do.; subcargo Jan Steyn, upper-steersman Pieter Ledocker van Bil."
+
+This old dish which skipper Willem de Vlaming brought us, has now
+likewise been handed to the Commander [*] in order to be delivered to
+Your Worships, who with us will no doubt stand amazed that the same has
+for so long a series of years been preserved in spite of its being
+exposed to the influence of sky, rain and sun [**].
+
+[* Viz. of the fleet with which this letter was sent to the Netherlands.]
+
+[* The dish would seem to be no longer extant.]
+
+In the same spot they have again erected a new pole with a flattened
+pewter dish nailed to it in commemoration of their visit, having first
+had the following inscription engraved on the dish, as is more amply set
+forth in the Journals:
+
+"A.D. 1697, on the 4th of Febr. there arrived here the ship de Geelvinck,
+skipper Willem de Vlaming, of Vlieland; assistant Joannes van Bremen, of
+Copenhaguen; upper-steersman Michiel Blom, of Bremen; the hooker de
+Nijptang, skipper Gerrit Collart, of Amsterdam; assistant Theodorus
+Heermans, of do.; upper-steersman Gerrit Gerrits, of Bremen; the galiot
+'t Weseltje, master Cornelis de Vlaming, of Vlieland; steersman Coert
+Gerrits, of Bremen; the whole of our flotilla sailed from here on the
+12th do., in order to explore the South-land with destination for
+Batavia" [*]
+
+[* This dish was afterwards brought to Paris by the French expedition,
+with the ships l'Uranie and la Physicienne (1817-1820), (see L. DE
+FREYCINET, _Voyage autour du monde, sur les corvettus l'Uranie et la
+Physicienne_, Historique, Paris, 1825. pp. 449, 482-486) and would seem
+to be no longer extant there. An evidently inaccurate copy of the
+inscription engraved on the dish, is here reproduced on a reduced scale
+from _Planche 14_ of the _Atlas Historique_ accompanying De Freycinet's
+work.]
+
+[Map No. 12. Opschrift op den schotel, door Willem De Vlamingh op het
+Zuidland achtergelaten (Inscription on the dish, left by Willem De
+Vlamingh at the Southland), 1697.]
+
+{Page 85}
+
+And since it is our intention, in order to let Your Worships have the
+more information and satisfaction touching this voyage, to dispatch to
+the Netherlands again in the last return-ships sailing from here, the
+ex-leader of the expedition, Skipper Willem de Vlaming Senior, together
+with his upper-steersman Michiel Blom, they having not yet returned from
+Bengal with their ships Geelvinck and Nijptang, but being expected every
+day, therefore we shall not trouble Your Worships with further
+particulars, but would beg leave to refer you to their verbal reports for
+ampler information touching their experiences in the said expedition...
+
+In the Castle of Batavia, on the last day of November, 1697.
+
+B.
+
+_Journal kept by Skipper WILLEM DE VLAMINGH on his voyage with the ships
+de Geelvinck, Nijptang and T'Weseltje via Trestan da Cunha, the Cape, the
+islands of Peter and Paul, and the South-land to Batavia, begun on May 3,
+1696, and ended March 20, 1697. [*]_
+
+[* This is the only journal of this voyage that I have found in the Old
+Colonial Archives at the Hague. I have not printed it here--so far as the
+South-land is concerned, it wil be found printed in LEUPE, Zuidland, pp.
+153-184--for two reasons: 1st because it differs only slightly from a
+journal of the voyage printed in 1701, of which MAJOR, Terra Australis,
+pp 120-133 gives a translation; and 2nd, because the two charts
+immediately following in the text (Nos. 13 and 14) give an excellent
+survey of the results of this voyage of discovery.]
+
+{Page 86}
+
+C.
+
+_Chart of the South-land, made and surveyed by Willem De Vlamingh in
+1696-1697. [*]_
+
+[* This chart was not made on the voyage, but is the work of ISAAC DE
+GRAAFF, cartographer to the E.I.C. from 1690 to 1714.]
+
+[Map No. 13. Kaart van het Zuidland, bezeild door Willem De Vlamingh in
+1696-1697 door ISAAC DE GRAAFF (Chart of the South-land, made and
+surveyed by Willem De Vlamingh in 1696-1697)]
+
+
+{Page 87}
+
+D.
+
+_Chart of the Malay Archipelago, the north- and west-coasts of Australia,
+etc. [*]_
+
+[* This chart is likewise the work of ISAAC DE GRAAFF (1690-1714). It
+gives a survey of the results of De Vlamingh's voyage, and may also do
+duty as a general record of the Dutch discoveries on the north- and
+west-coast of Australia in the 17th century. The dotted (uncertain) line
+on the N.W. coast is supplemented by the chart of Van der Wall's
+discovery in 1678 (No. 11).]
+
+_(See folding Chart, marked No. 14.)_
+
+[Map No. 14. Uitslaande kaart van den Maleischen Archipel, de Noord- en
+West-kusten van Australie door ISAAC DE GRAAFF (Folding chart of the
+Malay Archipelago, the North- and West-coast of Australia) 1690-1714]
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XXXIII.
+
+
+(1705). FURTHER DISCOVERY OF THE NORTH-COAST OF AUSTRALIA BY THE
+SHIPS VOSSENBOSCH, COMMANDED BY MAARTEN VAN DELFT, DE WAIJER UNDER
+ANDRIES ROOSEBOOM, OF HAMBURG, AND NIEUW-HOLLAND OR NOVA-HOLLANDIA,
+COMMANDED BY PIETER HENDRIKSZOON, OF HAMBURG.
+
+A.
+
+_Instructions_ (by the G.-G. and Counc., dated January 20, 1705) _for the
+officers of the Frigate de Geelvink, along with the Pinnace de Kraanvogel
+and the Patchiallang Nova Guinea, destined to set out for the outside
+coast of the said Nova Guinea; as also for the Flute Vossenbos, together
+with the Pinnace de Doradus [*] and the Patchiallang Nieuw Holland,
+having destination for the bay of Hollandia Nova._
+
+[* Afterwards replaced by the pinnace de Waijer.]
+
+[Various] considerations have determined us to dispatch you from here on
+a cruise, in such fashion that the frigate Geelvinck together with the
+pinnace Craanvogel and the patchiallang Nova Guinea, mentioned in the
+heading of the present, will first run from here directly for Banda...and
+from Banda continue their voyage to the coast of Nova Guinea.
+
+In the same manner we annex sailing instructions for the officers of the
+ship Vossenbosch, which together with the pinnace de Doratus and the
+patchiallang Nieuw Holland, likewise above mentioned, will first run for
+our Castle of Concordia in Timor, and then continue her voyage to
+Hollandia Nova, in such fashion as you will for your guidance find
+further amplified below...
+
+You will in the first place have diligently to observe, whether there is
+anywhere a passage from the outside to the inside, and this not only as
+regards Nova Guinea, but also as concerns Hollandia Nova, so that these
+orders...will have to be acted up to not only by the officers of the
+Geelvinck, but also by those of the Vossenbosch; and you should take
+special care, in case you should find such real or seeming passage, not
+to run too far into it, lest you should be carried away by currents in
+the same, and run the risk of accidents; on which account the examination
+of such passages should nowise be undertaken by the frigate or by the
+flute, but only by a pinnace or patchiallang; never to any farther
+distance than the experienced sailors in the same shall deem advisable to
+enable a safe return out of the said passages, and in no case so far as
+to get out of anchoring depth...
+
+{Page 88}
+
+And furthermore, as sailing instructions for the officers of the flute
+[Vossenbosch], over and above that which should be applicable to them in
+the instructions given up to now, it has been resolved to enjoin them
+that having reached Timor...they will thence set sail from the
+north-eastern extremity of the said island, and shape their course
+south-eastward as far as 11 deg. S. Lat. and 1481/2 deg. Longitude, whence on an
+eastward course they will run in sight of Van Diemensland in Hollandia
+Nova, which point is said to consist altogether of islands, a matter that
+will thus be cleared up. From there this coast will have to be further
+followed to eastward as far as Aarnemsland and the Drooge eyland, which
+will have to be skirted and surveyed both on the inside and outside;
+next, the coast aforesaid will have to be followed as far as Van der
+Lijns eiland, which you will examine in the same way as you have done the
+Drooge eyland. You will then continue your voyage as far as Lemmens bogt
+and Abel Tasmans baay and Waterplaats, and from there run for Cape Van
+Diemen, which having rounded you will follow the coast of Carpentaria in
+a northward direction along Sweeris, Van der Ljns, Van Diemens and Staten
+rivers, until you have passed the Nassauw river, which according to the
+chart has its mouth beset with numerous sand-banks and shallows. Next,
+running past Cape Keerweer, the Carpentier river, the Hooge eyland and
+the Groote vuyle imbocht, together with the Oranjen river, and having
+rounded the great projecting point of the Meeuen river, you will run
+along the bay of Keerweer then following, always along the coast in a
+westerly direction, past the Doodslagers revier, de Waterplaets, until
+you have got beyond Goening Apy, Moordenaers revier and the Wesels
+eyland, and also beyond Speelmans river and Rijkloffs bays, after which
+you will make the point of Ony, whence you will cross over along Keffing
+in Banda, as has already been noted in passing...
+
+The commander of the flute Vossenbosch aforesaid, in case the whole bight
+of Nova Hollandia, owing to adverse weather or defects of the ship,
+cannot be made according to these our instructions so as to enable her to
+be back in Banda at the end of September, will be empowered with the
+advice of the ship's council, from the Drooge eylant aforesaid to cross
+over to the Meeuen river, situated nearly N.W. and S.E. of each other,
+and thereby to shorten the voyage to that extent, always provided that no
+other means can be found...
+
+If in...Nova Hollandia you should happen to come upon unknown Indians, of
+whom you might without violence or risk, and of their own free will,
+bring two or three with you hither, such men might possibly prove of
+great use in subsequent voyages, but this point we leave to your own
+judgment and discretion, as you shall find circumstances to shape
+themselves.
+
+Victuals and provisions for all your ships for the space of 10 months
+have been ordered on board here...
+
+In the Castle of Batavia, January 20, 1705.
+
+{Page 89}
+
+B.
+
+_A Report and account [dated October 6, 1705] of what has been discovered
+and found noteworthy in the voyage of the flute Fossenbosch, the pinnace
+d'Waijer and the patsjallang Nova Hollandia, dispatched from Batavia to
+Hollandia Nova aforesaid by way of Timor, by the Supreme Government
+of India, A.D. 1705; as collected and digested from the written
+journals [*] and verbal narratives of the officers returned, by the
+Councillors-Extraordinary HENRICK SWAARDECROOM and CORNELIS CHASTELIJN,
+commissioned for this purpose; the whole to serve as a report to be
+delivered to His Worship Governor-General JOAN VAN HOORN and the Lords
+Councillors of India. [**]_
+
+[* I have not found these journals.]
+
+[* I have not printed this Report, 1st because it has been edited by
+LEUPE in _Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde van
+Nederlandsck-Indie_, Nieuwe Volgreeks, I, pp. 193-201; 2nd because an
+English translation of it is given in MAJOR, Terra Australis, pp. 165-173;
+3rd because chart No. 15 excellently represents the results of this
+voyage. The reproduction being on a reduced scale, some names of places
+are not so clearly legible as could be wished, but they will be found
+referred to in my Introduction.]
+
+C.
+
+_Chart of Hollandia Nova, further discovered A.D. 1705 by the ships
+Vossenbosch, de Wajer and Nova Hollandia, which left Timor on March 2
+[*]._
+
+[* On July 12 the ships discontinued their voyage of discovery, and
+returned to Banda, where they arrived about a fortnight later.]
+
+{Page 90}
+
+[Map No. 15. Kaart van (Chart of) Hollandia Nova, nader ontdekt anno 1705
+door (more exactly discovered by) de Vossenbosch, de Waijer en de Nova
+Hollandia]
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+XXXIV.
+
+
+(1721-1722). EXPLORATORY VOYAGE BY ORDER OF THE WEST-INDIA COMPANY
+"TO THE UNKNOWN PART OF THE WORLD, SITUATED IN THE SOUTH SEA TO WESTWARD
+OF AMERICA", BY THE SHIPS AREND AND TIENHOVEN, AND THE AFRICAN GALLEY,
+COMMANDED BY MR. JACOB ROGGEVEEN, JAN KOSTER (IN THE SHIP AREND),
+CORNELIS BOUMAN (IN THE SHIP TIENHOVEN), AND ROELOF ROSENDAAL (IN THE
+AFRICAN GALLEY).
+
+Although the history of this voyage, begun from the Texel on August 1,
+1721, does not form part of the subject here treated, I mention it in
+passing merely to note that among other places the ships touched at
+Paasch-eiland, and at the Paumatos and Samoa island-groups, and reached
+Java along the north-coast of New Guinea. The journal of this voyage is
+preserved in the Hague State Archives and has been edited by the Zealand
+Genootschap der Wetenschappen. (Middelburg, 1838).
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 91}
+
+
+
+XXXV.
+
+
+(1727).THE SHIP ZEEWIJK, COMMANDED BY JAN STEIJNS, LOST ON THE
+TORTELDUIF ROCK.
+
+A.
+
+_Letter of the G.-G. and Counc. to the Managers of the E.I.C., October
+31, 1728._
+
+...On the 26th of April there arrived here quite unexpectedly with the
+patchiallang de Veerman a note from the ex-skipper and the subcargo of
+the Zealand ship Zeewijk, Jan Steijns and Jan Nebbens, written from Sunda
+Strait...informing us that the said ship, after sailing from the Cape of
+Good Hope [*] on April 21 [1727], had on June 9 following run aground on
+the reef situated before the islands called Fredrik Houtmans Abriolhos
+near the South-land in 29 deg. S.L., also known as the Tortelduijf islands;
+that favoured by good weather the men had saved from the wreck all kinds
+of necessaries, and with the loosened woodwork had constructed a kind of
+vessel, with which they had set out from there on the 26th of March, and
+arrived in the aforesaid strait on the 21st of April last...
+
+[* The ship had sailed from the Netherlands, November 7, 1726.]
+
+[We] have found...not only that the ex-skipper Jan Steijns has, against
+his positive instructions and against the protests of the steersmen, too
+recklessly sailed near the South-land, and thereby been the cause of this
+disaster, but also that he has attempted to impose upon his superiors by
+falsified journals, hoping thereby, if possible, to conceal his grievous
+mistake...
+
+The situation of the islands on whose outermost reef the ship Zeewijk has
+run aground, is shown by the annexed small chart [*]. They lie out of
+sight of the South-land, and are partly overgrown with brushwood, edible
+vegetables, etc...here have been discovered not only a number of wells
+dug by human hands, but also certain vestiges of a Dutch ship, presumably
+also lost on the reef aforesaid...
+
+[* To the Netherlands were sent "two charts of the situation of the Reef,
+and of the islands aforementioned" (charts 16 and 17 _below_).]
+
+[Map No. 16. Kaarte betreffende de schipbreuk der Zeewijk (Chart,
+concerning the shipwreck of the Zeewijk) 1727.]
+
+[Map No. 17. Kaarte betreffende de schipbreuk der Zeewijk (Chart,
+concerning the shipwreck of the Zeewijk) 1727.]
+
+B.
+
+_Journal or daily register, kept [by the second steersman Adriaan (Van)
+de Graeff] on board the sho Zeewijk;_ after the miscarriage of the same,
+_on the wreck stuck fast on a rocky reef near the unknown Southland;_ and
+a few days after, _in the island [*]._
+
+[* This journal is of no interest for our purpose, and I mention it _pro
+memoria_ only. The charts sufficiently record the results.]
+
+C.
+
+_Chart drawn by JAN STEIJNS. (No. 16)._
+
+D.
+
+_Chart drawn by ADRIAAN (VAN) DE GRAAF [*]. (No. 17.)_
+
+[* Later in the XVIII century (_inter alia_ in 1755 and 1765) the
+West-coast of Australia was again visited by Dutch ships, but what we
+know about this point is of no significance.]
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 92}
+
+
+
+XXXVI.
+
+
+(1756). EXPLORATORY VOYAGE OF THE SHIPS RIJDER. AND BUIS, COMMANDED
+BY LIEUTENANT JEAN ETIENNE GONZAL AND FIRST LAVIENNE LODEWIJK VAN
+ASSCHENS, TO THE GULF OF CARPENTARIA.
+
+_Report of the "Master Cartographer" at Batavia, GERRIT DE HAAN, to the
+G.-G., and Counc. September 30, 1756._
+
+Pursuant to Your Honourable Worships' highly honoured orders, the
+undersigned has the honour to submit to Your Honourable Worships a report
+concerning the voyage made by the small bark-ships de Rijder and de Buijs
+to the South-land, so far as the same has been touched at by them, as
+Your Honourable Worships may be pleased further to gather from the
+annexed charts [*].
+
+[* I have not found either these charts or any journals of this
+expedition.]
+
+On the 8th of February, 1756 the two ships set sail together from this
+roadstead...
+
+On March 26 they were overtaken by a violent storm off the Banda islands,
+so that they got separated, and the ship Buijs, finding it impossible to
+stand out to sea, entered the port of Banda on March 28; the ship Rijder
+held out with fore- and mizen-sails struck until the weather got better,
+and not knowing that the ship Buys had returned to port, continued her
+voyage. On April 4 those on board the ship Rijder sighted Cape Falso in
+Lat. 7 deg. 54' S., in 5 and 41/2 fathom; they then shaped their course to the
+S.E. and afterwards to the S.S.E., until on April 10 they saw the high
+land of Carpentaria, known by the name of hoog Eijland, near which they
+found an island not known to the chart, to which island they gave the
+name of Rijders Eijland. From the hooge Eyland a reef runs out to sea a
+distance of nearly three miles coming close to the Rijders Eyland...They
+then shaped their course along the land in order to get into the bay, in
+depths Of 8, 7, 71/2, 61/2 fathom sandy bottom, at which last depth they came
+to anchor on April the 16th, where they estimated themselves to be about
+two miles off shore. On the 17th do. they went ashore with the boat for
+the first time in order to ascertain the nature of the coast. On landing
+they found a number of cabins constructed of the bark of trees; they also
+saw a man who fled into the wood at their approach, and a small prow or
+species of vessel also made of bark, together with some fishing-tackle
+and a kind of assagays made of branches of trees, from 4 to 9 feet long,
+tipped at one end with a small piece of bone ground to a sharp point. The
+fishing-lines seemed to be twisted out of fibrous bark, and, instead of
+hooks, had pointed claws of beasts fastened to them. The land was
+overgrown with tall grass, and they saw a number of fine dells or
+valleys, through which flowed various small rills of fresh water; the
+trees were very tall and straight, of regular growth and of different
+kinds, some of which would, as they presumed, furnish excellent timber
+for ships' masts, yards, etc. The soil was very rich, and on the whole
+the country looked very promising. They remained there, making various
+landings, and taking in firewood and water, till the 26th of April, when
+they put to sea again...shaping their course E.N.E. close to the wind in
+depths Of 5, 6 or 7 fathom, following the trend of the coast till they
+had got into 10 deg. 30' S. Lat., where they cast anchor on April 28, in
+order to explore the land also in this latitude. They found nothing worth
+mentioning, however, {Page 93} except a few more cabins or huts of the
+kind before described, the inmates of which took to the wood as soon as
+our men appeared. They dragged the boat on the {Page 94} beach here, and
+repaired the same, remaining there till the 13th of May, waiting for the
+ship de Buys. On that day they resolved to continue their voyage, shaping
+their course along the land as high as they could in order to keep the
+same alongside; but they lost sight of the land all the same, and became
+aware that the said land lay at least one degree more to southward than
+the chart had led them to believe. On the 24th of May they again sighted
+the land in 12 deg. 18' S. Lat.; it showed as a very low-lying coast, whose
+trend they followed close inshore. In Lat. 12 deg. 26' South they cast anchor
+in 10 fathom good anchoring-ground. As they were lying at anchor at about
+1 or 11/2 mile's distance from the shore, they saw two of the prows above
+described paddle up to the ship, each of them containing two men, who,
+when they had got near the ship, by signs and cries began to signify to
+our men that they wished them to come ashore. The following day, being
+the 26th of May, our men went ashore at daybreak, and on landing found
+several persons there, who, however, all took to flight directly. They
+also saw two dogs, not unlike so-called Bengal jackals. The persons who
+had fled, shortly after returned to them, when they found them armed with
+the assagays above described. They were accompanied by a number of
+females who had their privities covered with a kind of small mats. The
+natives then all of them sat down on the beach near our men, who made
+signs to them that they were seeking fresh water; upon which the natives
+got up and signified to our men their willingness to show them the places
+where water was obtainable. Nor were our men deceived, for after walking
+on along the beach for some time, they were conducted to a pleasant
+valley with fine trees such as those above described. This seemed to be
+the dwelling-place of the natives, for our men saw here more women and
+children and also a number of primitive dwellings, merely consisting of
+sheltered places under the trees partly covered in with bark. The water
+which they found here, welled up out of the earth in pits dug by human
+hands. After having inspected the whole place, they went back to the
+beach, where they found the two prows in which the natives had previously
+approached the ship. As our men were seated on the beach, nineteen
+natives came up to them, all of them with bodies daubed over with red;
+when the said natives were by our men treated to some arrack with sugar,
+they began to make merry and even struck up a kind of chant, at the
+conclusion of which they retired to the wood again.
+
+In the morning of the 27th our men went ashore again for the purpose of
+attempting to get hold of one or two natives, but did not succeed in
+doing so that day, because they landed too late to lure the natives to
+the beach. Early in the morning of the 28th they again landed in order to
+execute their plan; on their arrival the natives came up to them dancing
+and singing, sat down close to them, laid aside their so-called assagays
+or weapons, and again enjoyed the liquor with which our men plied them.
+While they were thus making merry, our men seized hold of two of them
+[*], upon which the others jumped to their feet, snatched up their
+assagays and began to throw them at our people without, however, wounding
+any one; except that the ship's clerk, who in flying tried to seize one
+of the natives round the body, was in the scuffle slightly wounded in the
+hand; upon this, our men fired a volley, wounding one of the natives, who
+thereupon all of them fled into the bush. Our people then tried to drag
+to the boat the two men they had got hold of, but as they were tying
+their {Page 95} arms and legs together, one of them by frantic biting and
+tearing contrived to get loose and effect his escape. Shortly after
+upwards of fifty natives again made their appearance, throwing assagays,
+but they also took to their heels, when our people let off another volley
+of musketry, after which our men succeeded in carrying off their one
+prisoner to the boat.
+
+[* A sorry return for kindness received!]
+
+{Page 96}
+
+On the 29th of May, the wind being S.E. and S.E. by E. with a top-gallant
+gale, they put to sea again, running S.S.W. close by the wind in from 10
+to 11 fathom good anchoring-ground. At noon they found their latitude to
+be 12 deg. 31' South, and dropped anchor in 10 fathom good anchoring-ground,
+at about 1 or 11/2 mile's distance from the land, their compasses showing
+3 deg. 49' north-easterly variation.
+
+On the 3Oth of May, as they were lying at anchor, two small prows came to
+within half a mile of the ship and then paddled back to shore.
+
+On the 31st of May, the wind being East and E.S.E., with a top-gallant
+gale, they set sail close to the wind on a southerly course. At noon they
+took the latitude of 12 deg. 44' South, having passed depths of 10 and 101/2
+fathom. At sunset the countercurrent forced them to drop anchor before
+the Mosselbaaij.
+
+On the 1st of June, the wind being E.S.E. and S.E. by E. with a weak
+top-gallant gale, they set sail over depths of 101/2, 11, 12 and latterly
+101/2 fathom again, good anchoring ground, upon which they dropped anchor
+in the forenoon. At noon it fell a calm, and they took the latitude of
+12 deg. 51' South, the compasses showing 3 deg. 3' north-easterly variation.
+
+In the morning of June 2 the wind varied between East, E.S.E., and S.E.,
+and then went round to S.W. by S.; they sent the boat ashore in search of
+fresh water, since in the latitude they had now reached the chart showed
+a fresh-water river. When the boat returned alongside, they were informed
+that there was an excellent watering-place close by, where the water came
+rushing down the rocks, and also a fine inland lake, near which the men
+had seen a great number of birds of various kinds, together with certain
+foot-prints of large animals. In the drawing or chart this spot has been
+named Rijders waterplaats situated in 12 deg. 57' S. Lat.
+
+On the 3rd of June, the wind blowing from the East to E.S.E. with a fresh
+breeze, they set sail for the watering-place aforesaid in 11, 10, 111/2,
+91/2, 9 and 8 fathom, good anchoring ground and muddy sand, in which they
+dropped anchor at two glasses in the afternoon.
+
+From the 4th to the 12th of June they overhauled the ship, took in water
+and firewood, and repaired the boat. During this time no natives were
+seen by them.
+
+On the 13th of June, the wind being E.S.E. and S.E. by E. with a weak
+top-gallant gale, they put to sea again, following the trend of the coast
+on a course between W.S.W. and S. by E...over depths of 8, 81/2, 9, and 10
+fathom, good anchoring-ground with pebbles and small shells. At noon they
+took the latitude of 12 deg. 2' South, and in the afternoon the head-current
+forced them to come to anchor.
+
+On the 14th of June, the wind varying between S.E. by E. and South, they
+set sail running close by the wind on a southerly and S. by E. course in
+9, 91/2, 10 and 11 fathom sandy bottom. At noon their estimated course and
+distance performed since sunrise were S.S.W. half a point westerly, and
+21/2 miles, the latitude taken being 13 deg. 8' South. In the afternoon the
+wind was S.S.W. by W. with a weak breeze and occasional calms; they
+sounded from 11 to 8 fathom sandy bottom with black spots and pebbles; at
+the depth last mentioned they came to anchor at the first glass of the
+dog-watch, slightly to southward of de Rijdershoek, about 1 or 11/4 mile
+off shore, the compasses showing 3 deg. 45' north-easterly variation.
+
+{Page 97}
+
+On the 15th of June the wind blew from the S.E. to the E.S.E. in the
+morning and during the day, with a moderate and fresh breeze. At sunrise
+they went ashore with the boat in search of whatever might be worth
+noting. At noon they took the latitude of 13 deg. South. Towards sunset the
+boat returned alongside, reporting that, as they were pulling ashore, and
+were at about a quarter of a mile's distance from the land, a canoe in
+shape like those before described came paddling up to them, containing
+two men who made signs for them to come ashore; and when with great
+difficulty they had got ashore through the surf, the two natives of the
+canoe had already fled into the bush; shortly after, however, eleven men
+and five females again came running up to them, armed with the assagays
+hereinbefore described, who directly tried to take our men's hats off
+their heads, and on being prevented from doing so, forthwith prepared to
+throw their weapons; but when our men fired a shot, they all fled except
+a youth, whom our people carried on board along with the canoe aforesaid,
+this man being the younger of the two natives brought hither. Our men had
+also come upon a large pond containing fresh water, which, however, was
+difficult to get to the ship. On the whole the country looked promising
+enough, and when cultivated would probably prove very fertile. The
+natives mainly subsist on the roots of trees and wild fruits such as
+batatas or oubis, together with small quantities of fish which they catch
+in their canoes. They also seemed to have some knowledge of gold, when
+lumps of the same were shown them. Round by the south the natives are
+somewhat more tractable than those farther to northward. Between the 11th
+and 12th degrees the trend of the coast is S.W. by S. and N.E. by N.,
+next S.S.W. and N.N.E. down to the 13th degree; then running on due south
+as far as the eye reaches. The coast is mainly level without any reefs,
+and may be approached sounding.
+
+On the 16th of June...they resolved to depart from there, since the
+season was passing, and they could only with great difficulty make any
+headway or run higher, while, besides, they had only two anchors and
+cables left. They then shaped their course to westward for Aarnems land.
+At noon they took the latitude of 13 deg. 3' South course held as before.
+
+On the 17th of June in the forenoon the wind was E. by S. and E.S.E. with
+a moderate and fresh top-gallant gale, stiffening to a reefed topsail
+gale. At noon their estimated course and distance performed in the last
+24 hours were W. by N. 251/2 miles; estimated Latitude 12 deg. 44' South;
+Latitude taken 12 deg. 36' South; course held as before; no land in sight.
+
+From the 18th to the 23rd their course was mainly westerly, with variable
+winds and good weather.
+
+On the 24th of June the wind was S.E. by S., E.S.E. and S.E. by E. in the
+morning and forenoon, with a stiff reefed topsail-gale. Shortly after
+noon they sighted the mainland of Nova Hollandia, S.S.W. of them, showing
+as a very low-lying coast; they passed over depths of 15, 14, 13, 12, 11,
+10, 9, and 81/2 fathom, good anchoring ground and muddy sand, keeping a
+N.W. by W. course, since the shallows prevented them from running nearer
+to the land than where they could just sight it from the ship's deck;
+they next got into 9, 10 and 11 fathom again as before, and dropped
+anchor at sunset.
+
+On the 25th of June the wind was S.S.E. to S.E. in the morning and
+forenoon with a moderate top-gallant gale, a brightening sky and good
+weather. At daybreak, as they were weighing anchor, the cable snapped
+off, and the buoy having disappeared, they thus lost their third anchor,
+so that they had only one left. They therefore resolved to call at the
+island of Timor, and shaped their course to N.W. by W. over {Page 98}
+depths of 11, 10, 101/2 and 8 fathom; they next steered higher in order to
+get into deeper water, and thus passed over 12, 7,  8, 15, 9, 10, 12, 14,
+13, 7, 5, 31/2, 4, 5, 6, afterwards running up to 20 fathom, muddy bottom.
+At noon their estimated course and distance performed were N.W. by W.
+slightly Northerly, 51/2 Miles; their estimated latitude 11 deg. 30' South;
+Latitude taken 11 deg. 37' South; estimated distance from the land 9 or 91/2
+miles.
+
+They next shaped their course to north-west in these known waters, and on
+the 3rd of July following sighted the island of Rottie to westward of
+them...
+
+The ship de Buys, having, as hereinbefore mentioned, put into the port of
+Banda on the 28th of March, and having there again been provided with all
+necessaries, set sail from there again on April 1, shaping her course to
+eastward. On April 23 she sighted the land of Carpentaria, and the
+so-called Cape Keerweer, when she was in the observed latitude Of 12 deg. 58'
+South, so that the land was found to be at least 12 miles more to
+eastward than it was believed to be. They had sounded depths of 20, 18,
+15, 13, 12, and 111/2 fathom, sandy bottom, at which last depth they came
+to anchor shortly after sunset.
+
+On the 24th of April the wind was E.S.E. by S. in the morning and
+forenoon with a weak top-gallant gale and fine weather; at daybreak they
+got their boat ready and made her sail ahead of them in order to take
+soundings; they then weighed anchor and set sail, keeping an E.N.E. and
+N.E. course close to the wind in 111/2, 12, 13, 12, and 111/2 fathom, sharp
+sandy bottom with small pebbles. At noon their estimated latitude was 12 deg.
+54' South, and their estimated distance from the land 4 or 41/2 miles. At
+sunset they observed Cape Keerweer E. 1/4 point N. of them, and the
+interior point looking to the river E.N.E. They had sounded depths of
+111/2, 101/2, 11, and 12 fathom sandy bottom, at which last depth they came
+to anchor just after sunset. In the course of the day they had seen a
+good deal of smoke ascend from the land.
+
+On April the 25th the wind was E., E.N.E., and N.N.E. in the morning and
+forenoon, with a weak breeze and fine weather. They weighed anchor at
+daybreak and set sail on a northern course close by the wind over depths
+of 12, 14, 15 and 17 fathom sandy bottom. At noon their estimated
+latitude was 12 deg. 42' South; the wind continued variable with occasional
+calms; the land here showed level with a red and white beach; the
+interior seemed to be covered with straight, tall trees as far as the eye
+reached. At sunset they came to anchor and during the night had a
+moderate top-gallant gale with good weather.
+
+On the 26th of April the wind was E. and E. by S. in the morning and
+forenoon, with a fresh breeze and fine weather. At daybreak they weighed
+anchor and set sail, shaping their course between N.N.W. and N.N.E.; in
+the forenoon they observed a pretty high hill N.E. by N. 1/4 point N. and a
+red point N.N.E. 1/2 point E. of them. They also came upon a deep bay or
+bight named Vliegenbaay, in which the trees on shore were hardly visible
+from the top-mast. The N. corner of the said bay is here known by the
+name of Aschens hoek. At noon their estimated latitude was 12 deg. 16' South.
+They also saw columns of smoke rising up, and thought they could discern
+men and cabins. At sunset they came to anchor in 121/2 fathom. During the
+night the wind was variable.
+
+On the 27 th of April the wind was E. by S.E. in the morning and forenoon
+with a fresh topsail breeze, a covered sky and dry weather. At daybreak
+they weighed anchor and set sail on a N.N.E. course over depths between
+121/2 and 14 fathom good anchoring-ground. The land here begins to fall off
+to eastward. They here saw a {Page 99} river with an island lying off its
+mouth, the river being known as Batavia River, and the island as Buys
+Eijland. At noon they took the approximate latitude of 11 deg. 38' South.
+They repeatedly saw columns of smoke rising up from the land; in the
+afternoon they came to anchor in 11 fathom coarse sand, about 4 miles Off
+the shore.
+
+On the 28th of April the wind was E. and E.S.E. in the morning and
+forenoon; they weighed anchor and set sail on a N.E. course. At noon they
+took the latitude of 11 deg. 29' South, being then 31/2 miles off shore, and
+having passed depths of 11 and 10 fathom, coarse sand and good
+anchoring-ground. In the afternoon the wind blew from the E.S.E., S.E.,
+S., S.S.W., with a moderate top-gallant gale and fine weather; course
+held N.E. by E. and N.E.1/2% point N.; they still kept sailing along
+low-lying land only.
+
+On the 29th of April the wind was S.S.E. and S.E. in the morning and
+forenoon, with a fresh topsail breeze; at daybreak they weighed anchor
+and set sail on courses between N.N.E. and N.N.W. over depths of 10, 12,
+10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 7,  8, 9 fathom, hard foul bottom; they estimated
+themselves to be at 3 miles' distance off the land. At noon their
+estimated latitude was 11 deg. 3' South; in the afternoon the wind blew from
+the S.E. with a fresh topsail breeze. At 2 o'clock they came to anchor,
+since they estimated themselves to be close to Van Spults river; at 3
+miles' distance from the land they were in 8 fathom.
+
+On the 30th of April the wind was S.E. by E. and S.E. in the morning and
+forenoon, with a fresh breeze. They got the boat ready for the purpose of
+taking soundings ahead. At noon their estimated latitude was 10 deg. 56'; at
+4 o'clock they had nearly lost sight of the boat, and fired a gun charged
+with ball in order to recall the same, but the boat not returning, they
+kept a light burning at the top-mast, and during the night fired a gun
+now and then. In this way they waited for the boat until the 12th of May,
+when they finally resolved to depart from there, since their stock of
+water and firewood would not allow of their waiting longer. On board the
+missing boat were two steersmen, to wit, Hendrick Snijders and Pieter van
+der Meulen, one quartermaster and five common sailors.
+
+On the 12th of May the wind was E.S.E. and S.E. in the morning and
+forenoon, with a moderate top-gallant gale and good weather. At daybreak
+they weighed anchor and set sail on a western course from the shallows,
+passing over depths of 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 fathom fine grey sand. At noon
+their estimated latitude was 10 deg. 55' South. In the afternoon and during
+the night they had good weather with occasional showers of rain; next
+running W.N.W., they sighted the island of Timoor Laudt on the 20th of
+May.
+
+...From the above Your Honourable Worships will gather that Lieutenant
+Jean Etienne Gonzal, in command of the small bark de Rijder, has executed
+Your Honourable Worships' honoured orders, so far as the shores of the
+Land of Carpentaria are concerned; but that no exploration of the
+interior has been undertaken as enjoined by Your Honourable Worships'
+instructions [*] and no landing has been effected on the coast of Nova
+Hollandia, because they had only one anchor left, so that such landing
+was judged too hazardous to be undertaken. Of the part borne in this
+expedition by the first mate Lavienne Lodewijk Aschens who was in command
+of the small bark de Buys, the undersigned can make Your Honourable
+Worships no report worth any serious consideration, since his statements
+and annotations are so misleading that it is evident {Page 100} at first
+sight that he can never have had any first-hand knowledge or ocular view
+of the matters referred to by him, seeing that he has hardly ever been
+nearer to the land than 3 miles off it, at which distance, however, he
+pretends to have seen a river with a small island before its mouth,
+together with natives, cabins, etc.; all which seems impossible to the
+undersigned on a level coast such as this, nor has he made any landing on
+the said coast, although, contrary to Your Honourable Worships' orders,
+he has sailed along it from the south to the north a distance Of 40
+miles, before the mishap of the loss of the boat came to pass, as Your
+Honourable Worships may further gather from the annexed rough sketch of a
+chart [**] of the coast sent in by him...
+
+[* I have not printed these instructions, as they are not of sufficient
+interest for our purpose.]
+
+[* I have not found this chart.]
+
+[At foot:]
+Your Honourable Worships' Obedient Servant
+[signed]
+W. G. DE HAAN.
+[in margine:] Batavia, September 30, 1756.
+
+* * * * *
+
+[Map No. 5. Uitslaande Kaart van het Zuidland door HESSEL GERRITSZ
+(Folding chart of the Southland).]
+
+* * * * *
+
+{Page 101}
+
+
+
+INDEX OF PERSONS.
+
+
+Asschens, (Lavienne Lodewijk Van)
+Bewindhebbers der Nederlandsche Oost-Indische Compagnie, (Heeren Majores)
+Blom, (Michiel)
+Bounian, (Cornelis)
+Bremen, (Joannes Van)
+Brouwer, (Hendrik)
+Buysero, (Cornelis)
+
+Carstensz (oon), Jan
+Chastelijn, (Cornelis)
+Claeszoon van Hillegom, (Haevick)
+Cock, (Daniel Janssen)
+Coen, (Jan Pieterszoon)
+Collaert, (Gerrit)
+Cook, (James)
+Coolsteerdt of Colster, (Willem Joosten Van)
+Corneliszoon, (Maarten)
+
+Dampier, (William)
+Dedel, (Cornelis)
+Dedel, (Jacob)
+Delft, (Maarten Van)
+Diemen, (Antonio Van)
+Dircksz, (Pieter)
+Dirkszoon, (Pieter)
+Dortsman, (Adriaan)
+
+Eckebrecht, (Philippus)
+Engelschen
+
+Gerrits, (Coert)
+Gerrits, (Gerrit)
+Gerritsz, (Hessel)
+Gonzal (Jean Etienne)
+Gouverneur-Generaal en Raden (Hooge Regeering) te Batavia
+Graaff, (Isaac De)
+Graeff, (Adriaan Van de)
+
+Haan, (W. Gerrit De)
+Haen, (Dirk Corneliszoon)
+Haghen, (Steven Van der)
+Hartogs(zoon), (Dirk)
+Heermans, (Theodorus)
+Hendrikszoon, (Pieter)
+Hermansz(oon), Klaes
+Holman, (Yde Tjerkszoon)
+Hoorn, (Joan Van)
+Houtman, (Frederik De)
+
+Jacobsz(oon), Lenaert
+Jansz., (Jan)
+Jansz(oon), Gerrit
+Janszoon van Buiksloot, (Reyer)
+Jansz(oon), Willem, Koopman
+Jansz(oon), Willem, schipper
+Jansz., (Willemtje)
+Jonck, (Aucke Pieterszoon)
+Jongh, (Wollebrand Geleynszoon De)
+
+Keppler, (Joannes)
+Koos, (Jasper Janszoon),
+Koster, (Jan)
+
+Lastman, (C. I.)
+Ledoecker van Bil(?), (Pieter)
+Leeuw (Arend Martensz. De)
+Le Maire, (Jacques)
+Linschoten, (Jan Huygen van)
+Lintiens (Pieter)
+Lijn, (Cornelis Van der)
+
+Maetsuyker, (Joan)
+Melisz(oon), Dirk
+Meulen, (Pieter Van der)
+Miebaise, (Gilles)
+
+Nebbens, (Jan)
+Nuijts, (Pieter)
+
+Peereboom, (Jacob Pieterszoon)
+Pelsaert, (Francois)
+Pieterszoon, (Pieter)
+Pool, (Gerrit Thomaszoon)
+Portugeezen,
+Purry, (J. P.)
+
+Reael, (Laurens)
+Roggeveen, (Jacob)
+Rooseboom, (Andries)
+Roosenbergh, (J. Van)
+Roosendaal, (Roelof)
+Rosingeyn, (Jan Lodewijkszoon)
+Rumphius, (G. E.)
+
+Schouten, (Willem Corneliszoon)
+Seebaer van Nieuwelant
+Snijders, (Hendrik)
+Spanjaarden
+Speult, (Herman Van)
+Staten-Generaal der Vereenigde Nederlanden
+Steyn, (Jan)
+Steyns, (Jan)
+Swaardecroon, (Hendrik)
+
+Tasman, (Abel Janszoon)
+Thijssen of Thijszoon, (Francois,)
+Torres, (Luis Vaez de)
+
+Verschoor, (Jan Willemsen)
+Victorszoon, (Victor)
+Visscher, (Frans Jacobszoon)
+Vlamingh, (Cornelis De)
+Vlamingh, (Willem De)
+Volckertsz(oon) (Samuel)
+Voss, (Jan)
+
+Wall, (Jan Van der)
+West-Indische Compagnie
+Willemsz. van den Briel, (Jan)
+Witsen, (Nicolaas Corneliszoon)
+Witt, (Gerrit Frederikszoon De)
+Wytfliet, (Cornelis)
+
+Zeeuw, (Jan Janszoon), 73-74.
+
+{Page 103}
+
+
+
+INDEX OF SHIPS.
+
+
+Afrikaansche Galei, (De)
+Amsterdam, (De)
+Arend, (De)
+Arnhem, (De)
+
+Batavia, (De)
+Bracq, (De)
+Buys, (De)
+
+Doradus, (De)
+Dordrecht, (De)
+Duifken (Het)
+
+Eendracht, (De), onder Dirk Hartogs
+Eendracht, (De), onder Le Maire en Schouten
+Elburg, (De)
+Emeloord, (De)
+
+Galias, (De)
+Geelvink, (De)
+Goede Hoop, (De)
+Gulden of Vergulden Draak, (De)
+Gulden Zeepaard (Het)
+
+Haring, (De)
+Hazewind, (De)
+Heemskerk, (De)
+Hoorn, (De)
+
+Klein-Amsterdam, (De)
+
+Leeuwerik, (De)
+Leeuwin, (De)
+Leiden, (De)
+Limmen, (De)
+
+Mauritius, (De)
+
+Nova-Hollandia, (De)
+Nijptang, (De)
+
+Pera, (De)
+
+Ridderschap van Holland
+Rijder, (De)
+
+Texel (De)
+Tienhoven, (De)
+
+Utrecht (De)
+
+Vianen, (Viane, Viana), De
+Vink, (De)
+Vliegende Zwaan, (De)
+Vossenbosch, (De)
+
+Wakende Boei, (De)
+Wapen van Amsterdam, (Het)
+Wapen van Hoorn, (Het)
+Waijer, (De)
+Wezel, (De)
+Wezeltje, (Het)
+Witte Valk, (De)
+
+Zeehaen, (De)
+Zeemeeuw, (De)
+Zeewolf, ( De)
+Zeewijk, (De)
+
+{Page 104}
+
+
+
+INDEX OF LOCALITIES.
+
+
+Abel Tasmans baai
+Abel Tasman's passagie
+Alofi
+Alhier liggen, bergen
+Arnhemsland
+Asschenshoek
+
+
+Barrom-eilanden
+Bass-Straat
+Batavia's kerkhof
+Batavia (Rivier)
+Bathurst-eiland
+Beach
+Bedriegershoek
+Boompjeshoek
+Boscawen, zie Tafahi
+Buyseiland
+
+Caap Falso, zie Valsche Kaap
+Carpentaria (Golf van)
+Carpentaria ('t Land van)
+Carpentier, (Rivier De)
+Ceram of de Papues (onzeker, uncertain)
+Clappes Cust, zie Klapperkust
+Coburg-schiereiland
+Coen (Rivier)
+
+Dampier-archipel
+Dedelsland
+De Witt's land
+Dirk Hartogseiland
+Dirk Hartogsreede
+Drie Bergen's bocht
+Drooge bocht
+Drooge eiland
+Droge Hoek
+Duivelsklip
+Dundas-straat
+
+Eendrachtsland
+Exmouth Gulf
+
+Fidji-groep
+Fortuynshoek
+Fotuna
+Frederik Houtman (Klippen van), zie Houtmans Abrolhos
+
+Garden-island
+Geographe Bay
+Groote eiland (Het)
+Groote vuile inbocht
+
+Hoefijzer-hoek
+Hoek van Calmoerie
+Hoek van Canthier
+Hoek van Goede Hoop
+Hoek van Onier
+Hooge eiland (Het), aan Australie's Westkust. (High-island)
+Hooge land van Carpentaria of Hoog eiland
+Hoop (de Goede), zie Nino-fa.
+Hoornsche eilanden, zie Fotuna en Alofi.
+Houtmans Abrolhos (Houtman's Rocks)
+
+I. d'Edels landt, zie Dedelsland.
+
+Jacob Remessens (Remens- of Rommerrivier)
+Jan Melcher's Hoek
+Java (Mayor of Groot-)
+Java (Zuidkust van)
+
+Kaap Van Diemen
+Keerweer (Kaap) aan de Golf van Carpentaria
+Keerweer (aan de Zuidwestkust van Nieuw-Guinea,)
+Keppel, zie Niutabutabu.
+Klapperkust
+Kliphoek
+Kokoseiland; zie Tafahi.
+Konijnenberg
+
+Land van de Eendracht, zie Eendrachtsland.
+Land van de Leeuwin
+'t Land van Nova-Guinea
+Land van Pieter Nuijts; zie Nuijtsland.
+Leeuwin (Kaap)
+Leeminnenhoek, zie Kaap Leeuwin.
+Limmensbocht
+Lucach
+
+Maarten Van Delft's baai
+Maletur
+Maria-eiland
+Maria's Hoek
+Maria's Land
+Meeuwenrivier
+Melville-baai
+Melville-eiland
+Mitchell River
+Monte Bello-eilanden
+Mornington-eiland
+Mosselbaai
+
+Nassau (Rivier)
+Nieuw-Guinea (Noordkust van)
+Nieuw-Guinea of Nova Guinea (Zuidwestkust van)
+Nieuw-Holland
+Nieuw-Nederland
+Nieuw-Zeeland
+Nino-fa
+Niutabutabu
+Noordcust van Australie
+Noordwestkust van Australie
+Northwest Cape
+Nova Hollandia
+Nuijtsland
+
+Oostkust van Australie
+Oranjehoek
+Oranjerivier
+
+Paasch-eiland
+Pantjallingshoek
+Paumotoe-groep
+Perth
+Pieter Frederik's Hoek
+Pieter Frederik's rivier
+Prinses Marianne-straat
+Prins Frederik Hendrik-eiland
+Prins Wales-eiland
+
+Robben-eiland
+Roode Hoek
+Rooseboomshoek
+Rottenest (Eiland)
+Rustenburg
+Rijders-eiland
+Rijdershoek
+Rijders Waterplaats
+
+Sarnoa-groep
+Scherpe Hoek
+Schrale Hoek
+Sharks Bay
+Sint Francois (Eiland)
+Sint Pieter (Eiland)
+Sneeuwbergen, (Mountains covered with snow)
+Southland (see Zuidland).
+Sp(e)ult, (Rivier Van)
+Speultsland or -eiland (Van)
+Statenland, zie Nieuw-Zeeland.
+Staten-rivier
+Steenbokskeerkring
+Sweers-rivier
+
+Tafahi
+Tasmanie
+Terra Australis
+Terra incognita
+Tonga-groep
+Toppershoedje
+Torres-straat
+Tortelduif-eiland (Turtle Dove island)
+Triall (De)
+
+Valsche Bocht
+Valsche Kaap
+Valsche Westhoek
+Van der Lijns-eiland, zie Groote eiland.
+Van der Lijn's rivier
+Van Diemens-golf
+Van Diemensland
+Van Diemens-land, zie Tasmanie
+Van Diemen's rivier
+Vereenigde rivier
+Verraders-eiland, zie Niutabutabu.
+Vlakke hoek
+Vlaming-head
+Vleermuis-eiland, (Het)
+Vossenbos' ruige hoek
+Vuile Bocht
+Vuil eiland, viii.
+Vuile Hoek (Foul point)
+
+Waterplaats
+Waterplaats bij Van Diemensland, (Noordkust van Anstralie)
+Waterplaats (10 deg. 50')
+Waterplaats (12 deg. Z.B. en 160 1/3 deg. O.L.)
+Waterplaats (12 deg. 33')
+Waterplaats (15 deg. 30')
+Waijershoek
+Wessel-eiland
+Westeinde van Nova Guinea
+Westkust van Australie
+Willems-rivier
+Witte Hoek
+W. Sweers'hoek
+
+York, (Schiereiland, Peninsula)
+
+Zuidland, (Het)
+Zuidwestkust van Australie
+Zuidzee, (De)
+Zwanerivier
+
+
+
+THE END
+
+
+
+17TH CENTURY DUTCH SURNAMES by PETER REYNDERS, (SEPTEMBER 2004.)
+
+Surnames, in the meaning of family names, were relatively uncommon in the
+United Provinces (Holland) in the sixteenth and early seventeenth
+century. Most people identified themselves using patronymics--a reference
+to the first name of their father--as a second name. They were registered
+as such at birth. Willem Janszoon would have been the son of Jan (i.e.
+Jan's zoon). If Willem J. had a son called Thomas he would have been
+registered as Thomas Willemszoon. Because it was unwieldy to spell the
+full patronymic, it was common practice to abbreviate written names by
+omitting the 'oon' and adding an abbreviation point, Jansz., or by using
+the so called internal abbreviation Janszn without such point. The name
+was however always pronounced in full and generally still is in the
+Netherlands where this bit of common knowledge is taught at school.
+
+Therefore when writing for readers in the English speaking world where
+this kind of abbreviation is not recognized as such, we should always
+write the name in full, Janszoon, Jacobszoon, Bastiaenszoon, etc., when
+referring to people of that period. If we do not, we cause the person to
+be known by another name one syllable shorter in the English speaking
+world. We inadvertently mislead.
+
+Jansz, Jansen, Janssen, Janzen etc are known as petrified (or frozen)
+patronymics and were derived from Janszoon when it became more common
+(and under Napoleon legally compulsory) to have a family name. These are
+the surnames that still exist today; Janszoon is not in use any more, but
+for one family. The shorter unabbreviated name Jansz therefore is
+typically NOT a name from the early 17th century.
+
+Historians in Australia, unaware of this bit of linguistic inside
+information, have faithfully copied abbreviated names from 17th century
+documents and subsequent publications, often without the abbreviation
+point and as a result the family names such as Jansz, Jansen, Jantsen,
+etc. were widely used to indicate Australia's first recorded European
+mariner. There seems to be an effort being made today by those in the
+know, including by people of the State Library of NSW, the Duyfken Replica
+Foundation, the VOC Historical Society, Australia on the Map 1606-2006,
+etc., to call the gentleman in question (Willem) Janszoon with two
+syllables including in writing. And it is catching on as it is not hard
+to understand how this 'Jansz error' crept into Australian history.
+
+Some publishers of English historical literature when correctly presented
+by authors with text containing these patronymics with the abbreviation
+point added, have simply removed the points arguing that this 'full stop'
+in the middle of sentences is confusing for the English reader, thereby
+wrongly embedding the abbreviated name as the real one in the readers'
+minds. This happened for example with the text of "Batavia's Graveyard"
+according the Cambridge educated historian Mike Dash, its author. This is
+the more reason to write the full name in the first place.
+
+The message therefore is simple: do not use abbreviated patronymics when
+writing, in English, about 16th and 17th century Dutchmen and nobody will
+be confused.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Part Borne by the Dutch in the
+Discovery of Australia 1606-1765, by J. E. Heeres
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DISCOVERY OF AUSTRALIA ***
+
+***** This file should be named 17450.txt or 17450.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/1/7/4/5/17450/
+
+Produced by Colin Choat
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
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diff --git a/old/dutch/001.html b/old/dutch/001.html
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+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
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+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 1</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_027.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="002.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="001.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 1</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_027.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="002.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
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+
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+</html>
+
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+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
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+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 2</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="001.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="003.html"> Next </a>--
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+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="002.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 2</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="001.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="003.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
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+
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+</html>
+
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+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
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+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 3</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="002.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="004.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="003.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 3</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="002.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="004.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
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+
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
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+
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+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 4</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="003.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="005.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="004.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 4</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="003.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="005.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
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+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 5</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="004.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="006.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="005.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 5</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="004.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="006.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
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+
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 6</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="005.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="007.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="006.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 6</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="005.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="007.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/006.jpg b/old/dutch/006.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91ea966
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/006.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/007.html b/old/dutch/007.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7307c8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/007.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 7</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="006.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="008.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="007.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 7</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="006.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="008.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/007.jpg b/old/dutch/007.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..178b757
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/007.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/008.html b/old/dutch/008.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ecde65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/008.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 8</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="007.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="009.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="008.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 8</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="007.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="009.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/008.jpg b/old/dutch/008.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b503676
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/008.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/009.html b/old/dutch/009.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9894f31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/009.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 9</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="008.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="010.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="009.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 9</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="008.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="010.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/009.jpg b/old/dutch/009.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cafd3db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/009.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/010.html b/old/dutch/010.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d80ca1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/010.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 10</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="009.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="011.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="010.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 10</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="009.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="011.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/010.jpg b/old/dutch/010.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cae9486
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/010.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/011.html b/old/dutch/011.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a8187e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/011.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 11</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="010.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="012.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="011.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 11</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="010.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="012.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/011.jpg b/old/dutch/011.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fbf3ed5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/011.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/012.html b/old/dutch/012.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23880fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/012.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 12</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="011.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="013.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="012.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 12</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="011.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="013.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/012.jpg b/old/dutch/012.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2ebc1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/012.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/013.html b/old/dutch/013.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c93266c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/013.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 13</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="012.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="014.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="013.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 13</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="012.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="014.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/013.jpg b/old/dutch/013.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92abd3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/013.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/014.html b/old/dutch/014.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76332d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/014.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 14</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="013.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="015.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="014.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 14</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="013.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="015.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/014.jpg b/old/dutch/014.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7616e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/014.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/015.html b/old/dutch/015.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..238f1b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/015.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 15</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="014.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="016.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="015.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 15</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="014.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="016.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/015.jpg b/old/dutch/015.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ef79fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/015.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/016.html b/old/dutch/016.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72227d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/016.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 16</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="015.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="017.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="016.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 16</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="015.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="017.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/016.jpg b/old/dutch/016.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9220884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/016.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/017.html b/old/dutch/017.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f34cdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/017.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 17</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="016.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="018.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="017.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 17</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="016.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="018.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/017.jpg b/old/dutch/017.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a88c111
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/017.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/018.html b/old/dutch/018.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab46064
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/018.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 18</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="017.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="019.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="018.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 18</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="017.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="019.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/018.jpg b/old/dutch/018.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0c6598
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/018.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/019.html b/old/dutch/019.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3997bae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/019.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 19</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="018.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="020.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="019.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 19</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="018.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="020.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/019.jpg b/old/dutch/019.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b6cacb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/019.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/020.html b/old/dutch/020.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa947d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/020.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 20</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="019.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="021.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="020.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 20</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="019.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="021.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/020.jpg b/old/dutch/020.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73e7e5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/020.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/021.html b/old/dutch/021.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92433de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/021.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 21</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="020.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="022.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="021.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 21</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="020.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="022.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/021.jpg b/old/dutch/021.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43be9fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/021.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/022.html b/old/dutch/022.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bd6076
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/022.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 22</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="021.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="023.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="022.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 22</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="021.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="023.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/022.jpg b/old/dutch/022.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27bc173
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/022.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/023.html b/old/dutch/023.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b51c747
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/023.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 23</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="022.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="024.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="023.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 23</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="022.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="024.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/023.jpg b/old/dutch/023.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47a87fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/023.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/024.html b/old/dutch/024.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c942a93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/024.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 24</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="023.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="025.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="024.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 24</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="023.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="025.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/024.jpg b/old/dutch/024.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..062ae78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/024.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/025.html b/old/dutch/025.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6810369
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/025.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 25</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="024.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="026.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="025.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 25</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="024.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="026.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/025.jpg b/old/dutch/025.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f3cd77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/025.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/026.html b/old/dutch/026.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef4590d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/026.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 26</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="025.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="027.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="026.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 26</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="025.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="027.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/026.jpg b/old/dutch/026.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b45f674
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/026.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/027.html b/old/dutch/027.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69636e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/027.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 27</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="026.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="028.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="027.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 27</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="026.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="028.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/027.jpg b/old/dutch/027.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e59bb9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/027.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/028.html b/old/dutch/028.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a406007
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/028.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 28</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="027.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="029.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="028.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 28</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="027.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="029.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/028.jpg b/old/dutch/028.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19d91e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/028.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/029.html b/old/dutch/029.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a462269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/029.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 29</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="028.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="030.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="029.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 29</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="028.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="030.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/029.jpg b/old/dutch/029.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffd6ade
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/029.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/030.html b/old/dutch/030.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a6228c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/030.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 30</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="029.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="031.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="030.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 30</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="029.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="031.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/030.jpg b/old/dutch/030.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebcae07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/030.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/031.html b/old/dutch/031.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff27032
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/031.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 31</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="030.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="032.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="031.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 31</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="030.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="032.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/031.jpg b/old/dutch/031.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4db1680
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/031.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/032.html b/old/dutch/032.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..027da9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/032.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 32</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="031.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="033.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="032.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 32</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="031.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="033.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/032.jpg b/old/dutch/032.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12e4742
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/032.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/033.html b/old/dutch/033.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..220bfa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/033.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 33</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="032.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="034.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="033.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 33</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="032.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="034.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/033.jpg b/old/dutch/033.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..978f819
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/033.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/034.html b/old/dutch/034.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ba7253
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/034.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 34</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="033.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="035.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="034.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 34</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="033.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="035.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/034.jpg b/old/dutch/034.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0805206
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/034.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/035.html b/old/dutch/035.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a14323
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/035.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 35</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="034.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="036.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="035.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 35</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="034.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="036.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/035.jpg b/old/dutch/035.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0917726
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/035.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/036.html b/old/dutch/036.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..916e64f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/036.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 36</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="035.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="037.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="036.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 36</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="035.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="037.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/036.jpg b/old/dutch/036.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8367c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/036.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/037.html b/old/dutch/037.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2402021
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/037.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 37</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="036.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="038.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="037.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 37</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="036.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="038.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/037.jpg b/old/dutch/037.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..994866f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/037.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/038.html b/old/dutch/038.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f02272
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/038.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 38</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="037.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="039.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="038.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 38</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="037.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="039.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/038.jpg b/old/dutch/038.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7e49ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/038.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/039.html b/old/dutch/039.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1750ebf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/039.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 39</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="038.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="040.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="039.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 39</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="038.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="040.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/039.jpg b/old/dutch/039.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac5f10f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/039.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/040.html b/old/dutch/040.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..001e1f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/040.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 40</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="039.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="041.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="040.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 40</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="039.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="041.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/040.jpg b/old/dutch/040.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f23ad16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/040.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/041.html b/old/dutch/041.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cace4d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/041.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 41</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="040.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="042.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="041.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 41</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="040.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="042.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/041.jpg b/old/dutch/041.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4aede1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/041.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/042.html b/old/dutch/042.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86eadee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/042.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 42</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="041.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="043.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="042.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 42</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="041.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="043.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/042.jpg b/old/dutch/042.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0acdac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/042.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/043.html b/old/dutch/043.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6bab02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/043.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 43</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="042.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="044.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="043.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 43</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="042.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="044.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/043.jpg b/old/dutch/043.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..814c958
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/043.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/044.html b/old/dutch/044.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9f0aa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/044.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 44</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="043.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="045.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="044.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 44</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="043.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="045.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/044.jpg b/old/dutch/044.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b25439
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/044.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/045.html b/old/dutch/045.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b535c4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/045.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 45</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="044.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="046.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="045.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 45</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="044.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="046.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/045.jpg b/old/dutch/045.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1703b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/045.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/046.html b/old/dutch/046.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f84d3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/046.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 46</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="045.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="047.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="046.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 46</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="045.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="047.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/046.jpg b/old/dutch/046.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15d6d84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/046.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/047.html b/old/dutch/047.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea6d114
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/047.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 47</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="046.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="048.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="047.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 47</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="046.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="048.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/047.jpg b/old/dutch/047.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e29004c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/047.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/048.html b/old/dutch/048.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d99ae72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/048.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 48</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="047.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="049.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="048.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 48</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="047.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="049.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/048.jpg b/old/dutch/048.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d37e2fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/048.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/049.html b/old/dutch/049.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8869ea5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/049.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 49</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="048.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="050.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="049.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 49</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="048.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="050.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/049.jpg b/old/dutch/049.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ad057c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/049.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/050.html b/old/dutch/050.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c839342
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/050.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 50</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="049.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="051.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="050.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 50</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="049.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="051.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/050.jpg b/old/dutch/050.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6ac5db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/050.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/051.html b/old/dutch/051.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3bc7382
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/051.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 51</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="050.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="052.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="051.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 51</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="050.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="052.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/051.jpg b/old/dutch/051.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13eaca9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/051.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/052.html b/old/dutch/052.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0691323
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/052.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 52</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="051.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="053.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="052.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 52</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="051.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="053.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/052.jpg b/old/dutch/052.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a50023e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/052.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/053.html b/old/dutch/053.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd69552
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/053.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 53</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="052.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="054.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="053.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 53</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="052.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="054.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/053.jpg b/old/dutch/053.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a58edb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/053.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/054.html b/old/dutch/054.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ed27eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/054.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 54</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="053.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="055.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="054.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 54</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="053.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="055.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/054.jpg b/old/dutch/054.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc91e81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/054.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/055.html b/old/dutch/055.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d79a70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/055.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 55</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="054.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="056.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="055.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 55</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="054.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="056.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/055.jpg b/old/dutch/055.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4da8489
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/055.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/056.html b/old/dutch/056.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d05ce4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/056.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 56</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="055.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="057.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="056.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 56</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="055.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="057.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/056.jpg b/old/dutch/056.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2c66ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/056.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/057.html b/old/dutch/057.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1a1402
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/057.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 57</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="056.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="058.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="057.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 57</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="056.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="058.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/057.jpg b/old/dutch/057.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f93695
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/057.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/058.html b/old/dutch/058.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b54db0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/058.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 58</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="057.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="059.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="058.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 58</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="057.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="059.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/058.jpg b/old/dutch/058.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f2bebb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/058.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/059.html b/old/dutch/059.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..338eb60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/059.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 59</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="058.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="060.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="059.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 59</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="058.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="060.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/059.jpg b/old/dutch/059.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14fb79d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/059.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/060.html b/old/dutch/060.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..696318c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/060.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 60</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="059.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="061.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="060.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 60</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="059.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="061.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/060.jpg b/old/dutch/060.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..215aa69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/060.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/061.html b/old/dutch/061.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..195ef6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/061.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 61</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="060.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="062.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="061.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 61</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="060.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="062.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/061.jpg b/old/dutch/061.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..365096d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/061.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/062.html b/old/dutch/062.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..022d135
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/062.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 62</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="061.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="063.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="062.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 62</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="061.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="063.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/062.jpg b/old/dutch/062.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9672f41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/062.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/063.html b/old/dutch/063.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bff29d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/063.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 63</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="062.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="064.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="063.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 63</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="062.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="064.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/063.jpg b/old/dutch/063.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78b8ff5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/063.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/064.html b/old/dutch/064.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d599aa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/064.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 64</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="063.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="065.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="064.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 64</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="063.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="065.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/064.jpg b/old/dutch/064.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f88547
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/064.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/065.html b/old/dutch/065.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbfaa0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/065.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 65</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="064.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="066.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="065.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 65</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="064.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="066.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/065.jpg b/old/dutch/065.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d73a0e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/065.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/066.html b/old/dutch/066.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93e332b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/066.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 66</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="065.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="067.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="066.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 66</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="065.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="067.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/066.jpg b/old/dutch/066.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edbd718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/066.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/067.html b/old/dutch/067.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa22fb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/067.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 67</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="066.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="068.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="067.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 67</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="066.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="068.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/067.jpg b/old/dutch/067.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b283ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/067.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/068.html b/old/dutch/068.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b13a0aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/068.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 68</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="067.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="069.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="068.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 68</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="067.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="069.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/068.jpg b/old/dutch/068.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1372db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/068.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/069.html b/old/dutch/069.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22f9230
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/069.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 69</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="068.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="070.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="069.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 69</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="068.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="070.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/069.jpg b/old/dutch/069.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a24138
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/069.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/070.html b/old/dutch/070.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..987ec49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/070.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 70</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="069.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="071.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="070.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 70</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="069.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="071.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/070.jpg b/old/dutch/070.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6cc411
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/070.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/071.html b/old/dutch/071.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4770665
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/071.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 71</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="070.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="072.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="071.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 71</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="070.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="072.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/071.jpg b/old/dutch/071.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..028c89f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/071.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/072.html b/old/dutch/072.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8277c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/072.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 72</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="071.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="073.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="072.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 72</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="071.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="073.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/072.jpg b/old/dutch/072.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b7a498
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/072.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/073.html b/old/dutch/073.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..133b0c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/073.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 73</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="072.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="074.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="073.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 73</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="072.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="074.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/073.jpg b/old/dutch/073.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5fc90d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/073.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/074.html b/old/dutch/074.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28fb080
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/074.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 74</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="073.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="075.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="074.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 74</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="073.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="075.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/074.jpg b/old/dutch/074.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86867fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/074.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/075.html b/old/dutch/075.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aacdba3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/075.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 75</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="074.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="076.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="075.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 75</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="074.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="076.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/075.jpg b/old/dutch/075.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d7d661
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/075.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/076.html b/old/dutch/076.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9688e25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/076.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 76</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="075.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="077.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="076.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 76</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="075.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="077.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/076.jpg b/old/dutch/076.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0ae87b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/076.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/077.html b/old/dutch/077.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a4ef4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/077.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 77</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="076.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="078.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="077.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 77</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="076.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="078.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/077.jpg b/old/dutch/077.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..155f0ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/077.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/078.html b/old/dutch/078.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e58e532
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/078.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 78</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="077.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="079.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="078.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 78</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="077.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="079.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/078.jpg b/old/dutch/078.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40bc889
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/078.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/079.html b/old/dutch/079.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48358d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/079.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 79</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="078.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="080.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="079.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 79</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="078.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="080.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/079.jpg b/old/dutch/079.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e127fac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/079.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/080.html b/old/dutch/080.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a96745
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/080.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 80</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="079.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="081.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="080.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 80</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="079.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="081.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/080.jpg b/old/dutch/080.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1857aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/080.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/081.html b/old/dutch/081.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c472b04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/081.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 81</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="080.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="082.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="081.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 81</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="080.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="082.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/081.jpg b/old/dutch/081.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d86d703
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/081.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/082.html b/old/dutch/082.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2f1131
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/082.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 82</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="081.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="083.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="082.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 82</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="081.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="083.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/082.jpg b/old/dutch/082.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4403e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/082.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/083.html b/old/dutch/083.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac392c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/083.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 83</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="082.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="084.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="083.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 83</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="082.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="084.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/083.jpg b/old/dutch/083.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e9232b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/083.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/084.html b/old/dutch/084.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c882afd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/084.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 84</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="083.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="085.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="084.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 84</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="083.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="085.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/084.jpg b/old/dutch/084.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3a5fb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/084.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/085.html b/old/dutch/085.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b34669f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/085.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 85</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="084.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="086.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="085.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 85</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="084.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="086.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/085.jpg b/old/dutch/085.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64b8533
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/085.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/086.html b/old/dutch/086.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e69cae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/086.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 86</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="085.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="087.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="086.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 86</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="085.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="087.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/086.jpg b/old/dutch/086.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..464737d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/086.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/087.html b/old/dutch/087.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b05fc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/087.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 87</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="086.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="088.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="087.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 87</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="086.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="088.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/087.jpg b/old/dutch/087.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38bb778
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/087.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/088.html b/old/dutch/088.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c504636
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/088.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 88</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="087.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="089.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="088.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 88</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="087.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="089.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/088.jpg b/old/dutch/088.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1af61fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/088.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/089.html b/old/dutch/089.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebfa165
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/089.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 89</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="088.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="090.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="089.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 89</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="088.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="090.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/089.jpg b/old/dutch/089.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..217369a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/089.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/090.html b/old/dutch/090.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d64dd16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/090.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 90</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="089.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="091.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="090.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 90</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="089.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="091.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/090.jpg b/old/dutch/090.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c02b7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/090.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/091.html b/old/dutch/091.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6a1a5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/091.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 91</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="090.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="092.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="091.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 91</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="090.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="092.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/091.jpg b/old/dutch/091.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97268bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/091.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/092.html b/old/dutch/092.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41a7940
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/092.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 92</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="091.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="093.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="092.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 92</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="091.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="093.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/092.jpg b/old/dutch/092.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbc2f9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/092.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/093.html b/old/dutch/093.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce7ac60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/093.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 93</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="092.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="094.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="093.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 93</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="092.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="094.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/093.jpg b/old/dutch/093.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68f6e19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/093.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/094.html b/old/dutch/094.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ab7c3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/094.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 94</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="093.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="095.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="094.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 94</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="093.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="095.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/094.jpg b/old/dutch/094.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d9f24d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/094.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/095.html b/old/dutch/095.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56dfc35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/095.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 95</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="094.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="096.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="095.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 95</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="094.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="096.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/095.jpg b/old/dutch/095.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a697d90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/095.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/096.html b/old/dutch/096.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..819fdc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/096.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 96</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="095.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="097.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="096.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 96</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="095.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="097.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/096.jpg b/old/dutch/096.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ce7902
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/096.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/097.html b/old/dutch/097.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e18aab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/097.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 97</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="096.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="098.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="097.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 97</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="096.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="098.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/097.jpg b/old/dutch/097.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8e2794
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/097.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/098.html b/old/dutch/098.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc1000d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/098.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 98</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="097.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="099.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="098.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 98</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="097.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="099.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/098.jpg b/old/dutch/098.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33c77a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/098.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/099.html b/old/dutch/099.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..681fdb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/099.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 99</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="098.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="100.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="099.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 99</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="098.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="100.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/099.jpg b/old/dutch/099.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de668a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/099.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/100.html b/old/dutch/100.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f23dcb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/100.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 100</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="099.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="101.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="100.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 100</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="099.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="101.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/100.jpg b/old/dutch/100.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a40102f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/100.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/101.html b/old/dutch/101.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc28c1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/101.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 101</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="100.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="102.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="101.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 101</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="100.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="102.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/101.jpg b/old/dutch/101.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ece8e92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/101.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/102.html b/old/dutch/102.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f461fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/102.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 102</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="101.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="103.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="102.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 102</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="101.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="103.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/102.jpg b/old/dutch/102.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..375abca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/102.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/103.html b/old/dutch/103.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a95449
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/103.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 103</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="102.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="104.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="103.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 103</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="102.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="104.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/103.jpg b/old/dutch/103.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5f2be5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/103.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/104.html b/old/dutch/104.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8614c9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/104.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 104</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="103.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="105.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="104.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 104</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="103.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="105.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/104.jpg b/old/dutch/104.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4276707
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/104.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/105.html b/old/dutch/105.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..771b795
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/105.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 105</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="104.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="106.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="105.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 105</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="104.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="106.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/105.jpg b/old/dutch/105.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c507702
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/105.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/106.html b/old/dutch/106.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7126a08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/106.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 106</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="105.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="106.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 106</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="105.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/106.jpg b/old/dutch/106.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb460fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/106.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_001.html b/old/dutch/_001.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49674f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_001.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>cver</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="contents.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_002.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_001.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>cover</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="contents.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_002.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/_001.jpg b/old/dutch/_001.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16ac91a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_001.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_002.html b/old/dutch/_002.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd6c79c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_002.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b> </b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_001.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_003.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_002.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b> </b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_001.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_003.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/_002.jpg b/old/dutch/_002.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..781bfa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_002.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_003.html b/old/dutch/_003.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d74d50b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_003.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>title</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_002.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_004.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_003.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>title</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_002.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_004.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/_003.jpg b/old/dutch/_003.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..200b774
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_003.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_004.html b/old/dutch/_004.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a61f28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_004.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>contents 1</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_003.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_005.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_004.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>contents 1</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_003.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_005.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/_004.jpg b/old/dutch/_004.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37eca34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_004.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_005.html b/old/dutch/_005.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f5aac8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_005.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>contents 2</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_004.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_006.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_005.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>contents 2</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_004.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_006.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/_005.jpg b/old/dutch/_005.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b19326
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_005.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_006.html b/old/dutch/_006.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec2eee4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_006.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>maps</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_005.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_007.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_006.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>maps</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_005.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_007.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/_006.jpg b/old/dutch/_006.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a721aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_006.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_007.html b/old/dutch/_007.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ad64af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_007.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>books 1</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_006.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_008.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_007.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>books 1</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_006.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_008.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/_007.jpg b/old/dutch/_007.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9300e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_007.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_008.html b/old/dutch/_008.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc3d0af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_008.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>books 2</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_007.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_009.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_008.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>books 2</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_007.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_009.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/_008.jpg b/old/dutch/_008.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..908daf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_008.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_009.html b/old/dutch/_009.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ba5fd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_009.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>intro</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_008.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_010.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_009.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>intro</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_008.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_010.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/_009.jpg b/old/dutch/_009.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8743c0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_009.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_010.html b/old/dutch/_010.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf1b92d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_010.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page i</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_009.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_011.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_010.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page i</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_009.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_011.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/_010.jpg b/old/dutch/_010.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c746bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_010.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_011.html b/old/dutch/_011.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b04f4e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_011.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page ii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_010.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_012.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_011.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page ii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_010.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_012.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/_011.jpg b/old/dutch/_011.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef04596
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_011.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_012.html b/old/dutch/_012.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e892713
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_012.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page iii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_011.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_013.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_012.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page iii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_011.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_013.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/_012.jpg b/old/dutch/_012.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a65c733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_012.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_013.html b/old/dutch/_013.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2aa58d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_013.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page iv</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_012.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_014.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_013.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page iv</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_012.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_014.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/_013.jpg b/old/dutch/_013.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4dd5f61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_013.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_014.html b/old/dutch/_014.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7760873
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_014.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page v</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_013.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_015.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_014.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page v</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_013.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_015.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/_014.jpg b/old/dutch/_014.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6806da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_014.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_015.html b/old/dutch/_015.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02799bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_015.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page vi</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_014.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_016.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_015.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page vi</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_014.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_016.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/_015.jpg b/old/dutch/_015.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d64bfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_015.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_016.html b/old/dutch/_016.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6954a04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_016.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page vii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_015.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_017.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_016.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page vii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_015.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_017.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/_016.jpg b/old/dutch/_016.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8cbf319
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_016.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_017.html b/old/dutch/_017.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3cc5531
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_017.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page viii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_016.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_018.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_017.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page viii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_016.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_018.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/_017.jpg b/old/dutch/_017.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1674a52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_017.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_018.html b/old/dutch/_018.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6bbcd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_018.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page ix</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_017.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_019.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_018.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page ix</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_017.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_019.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/_018.jpg b/old/dutch/_018.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f0a014
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_018.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_019.html b/old/dutch/_019.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83bbfa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_019.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page x</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_018.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_020.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_019.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page x</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_018.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_020.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/_019.jpg b/old/dutch/_019.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88314cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_019.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_020.html b/old/dutch/_020.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5e1f79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_020.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xi</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_019.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_021.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_020.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xi</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_019.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_021.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/_020.jpg b/old/dutch/_020.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed20471
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_020.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_021.html b/old/dutch/_021.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f9bec6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_021.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_020.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_022.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_021.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_020.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_022.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/_021.jpg b/old/dutch/_021.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b073ee3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_021.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_022.html b/old/dutch/_022.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4fb3ae2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_022.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xiii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_021.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_023.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_022.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xiii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_021.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_023.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/_022.jpg b/old/dutch/_022.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54a5961
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_022.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_023.html b/old/dutch/_023.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24546e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_023.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xiv</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_022.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_024.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_023.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xiv</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_022.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_024.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/_023.jpg b/old/dutch/_023.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44f9dd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_023.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_024.html b/old/dutch/_024.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bea945
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_024.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xv</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_023.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_025.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_024.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xv</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_023.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_025.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/dutch/_024.jpg b/old/dutch/_024.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39e6b28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_024.jpg
diff --git a/old/dutch/_025.html b/old/dutch/_025.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2fb72a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/dutch/_025.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xvi</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_024.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_026.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_025.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xvi</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_024.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_026.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xvii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_025.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_027.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_026.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xvii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_025.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_027.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b> </b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_026.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="001.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_027.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b> </b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_026.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="001.html"> Next </a>--
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+
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+
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+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>HET AANDEEL DER NEDELANDERS IN DE ONTDEKKING VAN AUSTRALIË 1606-1765
+</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<a name="home"></a>
+
+<h3><A HREF="http://gutenberg.net.au">Project Gutenberg of Australia</A></h3>
+
+<h1>HET AANDEEL DER NEDELANDERS IN DE ONTDEKKING VAN AUSTRALIË 1606-1765</h1>
+
+<h3>door</h3>
+
+<h2>J E HEERES</h2>
+<h4>HOOGLEERAAR AAN DE INDISCHE INSTELLING TE DELFT</h4>
+<h4>UITGEGEVEN DOOR HET KONINKLIJK NEDERLANDSCH AARDRIJKSKUNDIG GENOOTSCHAP TER 
+  HERINNERING AAN ZIJN VIJF-EN-TWINTIG-JARIG BESTAAN</h4>
+<hr align="center" width="25%">
+
+<h4>LEIDEN<br>
+Boekhandel en Drukkerij voorheen E. J. Brill<br>
+1899</h4>
+
+<hr align="center" width="50%">
+<h3>Geproduceerd door Colin Choat uit Australië</h3>
+
+<hr align="center" width="50%">
+
+<p align="center"><b>Om naar een bepaalde pagina te gaan zie <a href="#pagelist">lijst</a> 
+  hieronder</b></p>
+
+<table border="1" summary="">
+  <tr> 
+    <td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td><b>Bldz</b></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td> <b>INHOUD</b> </td>
+    <td><A HREF="_004.html">inhoud</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>Omslag</b></td>
+    <td><a href="_001.html">omslag</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>Titelpagina</b></td>
+    <td><a href="_003.html">titelpagina</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>Lijst van boeken, in dit werk besproken of genoemd</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="_007.html">boeken</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>Lijst van kaarten en afbeeldingen</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="_006.html">kaarten</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>Inleiding</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="_010.html">inleiding</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>DOCUMENTEN:</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="_027.html">documents</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>I. Denkbeelden der Nederlanders omtrent het Zuidland in 1595</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="001.html">1</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>II. Berichten omtrent de Zuidkust van Nieuw-Guinea in 1602</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="003.html">3</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>III. Tocht van het Duifken onder Willem Jansz(oon) en Jan Lodewijkszoon 
+      Rosingeyn naar Nieuw-Guinea.--Ontdekking van de Oostkust der Golf van Carpentaria 
+      (1605-1606)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="004.html">4</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>IV. Nieuwe tocht van het Duifken naar Nieuw-Guinea (1607)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="006.html">6</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>V. Tocht van de schepen Eendracht en Hoorn onder bevel van Jacques 
+      Le Maire en Willem Corneliszoon Schouten door den Stillen Occaan en langs 
+      de Noordkust van Nieuw-Guinea (1616)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="006.html">6</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>VI. Plan tot nadere ontdekking van het Zuidland-Nova Guinea (1616)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="007.html">7</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>VII. Reis van het schip Eendracht onder bevel van Dirk Hartogs(zoon.) 
+      Ontdekking van de Westkust van Australië in 1616: Dirk Hartogs-eiland en 
+      -reede, Land van de Eendracht of Eendrachtsland (1616)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="008.html">8</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>VIII. Reis van het schip de Zeewolf van Nederland naar Indië onder 
+      bevel van den opperkoopman Pieter Dirkszoon en den schipper Haevick Claeszoon 
+      van Hillegom.--Nadere ontdekking van Australië's Westkust (1618)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="010.html">10</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>IX. Reis van het schip Mauritius van Nederland naar Indië, onder bevel 
+      van den koopman Willem Jansz. of Janszoon en den schipper Lenaert Jacobsz(oon). 
+      Nadere ontdekking van Australië's Westkust.--Willems-rivier (1618)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="012.html">12</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>X. Nadere ontdekking van de Zuidkust van Nieuw-Guinea door het schip 
+      Het Wapen van Amsterdam? (1619)?</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="013.html">13</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XI. Reis der schepen Dordrecht en Amsterdam onder den commandeur Frederik 
+      De Houtman, den opperkoopman Jacob Dedel en de schippers Reyer Janszoon 
+      van Buiksloot en Maarten Corneliszoon(?) van Nederland naar Oost-Indië. 
+      Nadere ontdekking van Australië's Westkust: Dedelsland en Houtmans Abrolhos 
+      (1619)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="014.html">14</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XII. Reis van de Leeuwin van Nederland naar Java.--Ontdekking van Australië's 
+      Zuidwestkust.--Land van de Leeuwin (1622)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="017.html">17</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XIII. De Triall (Engelsche ontdekking).--Het Wapen van Hoorn doet Australië's 
+      Westkust aan.--Nieuwe ontdekkingsplannen der Hooge Regeering te Batavia 
+      (1622)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="017.html">17</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XIV. Tocht van de schepen Pera en Arnhem, onder bevel van Jan Carstenszoon 
+      of Carstensz, Dirk Meliszoon en Willem Joosten van Colster of Van Coolsteerdt.--Nadere 
+      ontdekking van de Zuidwestkust van Nieuw-Guinea.--Ontdekking van de Golf 
+      van Carpentaria (1623)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="021.html">21</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XV. Reis van de Leijden onder bevel van den schipper Klaas Hermansz(oon), 
+      van Nederland naar Java.--Nadere ontdekking der Westkust van Australië (1623)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="049.html">49</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XVI. Ontdekking van het eiland (de klip) Tortelduif (1624?)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="050.html">50</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XVII. Reis van de Leijden onder bevel van den schipper Daniël Janssen 
+      Cock, van Nederland naar Java.--Nadere verkenning der Westkust van Australië 
+      (1626)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="050.html">50</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XVIII. Ontdekking van de Zuidwestkust van Australië door het schip 
+      Het Gulden Zeepaard, onder bevel van het lid van den Raad van Indië Pieter 
+      Nuijts en den schipper François Thijssen of Thijszoon (1627)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="051.html">51</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XIX. Reis van de Galias, de Utrecht en de Texel, onder bevel van den 
+      gouverneur-generaal Jan Pieterszoon Coen.--Nadere ontdekking van Australië's 
+      Westkust (1627)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="051.html">51</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XX. XX. Reis van Het Wapen van Hoorn, onder bevel van den opperkoopman 
+      J. Van Roosenbergh.--Nadere ontdekking van Australiië's Westkust (1627)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="052.html">52</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXI. Ontdekking der Noordwestkust van Australië door het schip Vianen 
+      (Viane, Viana) onder Gerrit Frederikszoon De Witt.--De Witt's land (1628)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="054.html">54</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXII. Ontdekking van de Jacob Remessens-, Remens- of Rommer-rivier 
+      ten Zuiden der Willems-rivier (vóór 1629)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="054.html">54</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXIII. De schipbreuk der Batavia onder den commandeur François Pelsaert 
+      op de Houtmans Abrolhos.--Nadere ontdekking der Westkust van Australië (1629)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="055.html">55</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXIV. Nadere verkenning van de Westkust van Australië door het schip 
+      Amsterdam onder bevel van den commandeur Wollebrand Geleynszoon De Jongh 
+      en den schipper Pieter Dircksz, op reis van Nederland naar Oost-Indië (1635)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="062.html">62</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXV. Nieuwe ontdekkingen aan de Noordkust van Australië door de schepen 
+      Klein-Amsterdam en Wezel, onder bevel van (Gerrit Thomaszoon Pool en) Pieter 
+      Pieterszoon (1636)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="064.html">64</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXVI. Ontdekking van Tasmanië (Van Diemens-land), Nieuw Zeeland (Statenland), 
+      eilanden der Tonga- en Fidji-groepen, enz. door de schepen Heemskerk en 
+      de Zeehaen onder leiding van Abel Janszoon Tasman, Frans Jacobszoon Visscher, 
+      Yde Tjerkszoon Holman of Holleman en Gerrit Jansz(oon) (1642-1643)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="072.html">72</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXVII. Nadere ontdekking der Golf van Carpentaria, der Noord- en Noordwestkusten 
+      van Australië door de schepen Limmen, Zeemecuw en de Bracq, onder leiding 
+      van Tasman, Visscher, Dirk Corneliszoon Haen en Jasper Janswon Koos (1644)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="072.html">72</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXVIII. Ontdekkingstocht naar de Westkust van Australië bezuiden Java 
+      om door de Leeuwerik onder bevel van Jan Janszoon Zeeuw (1648)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="073.html">73</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXIX. Schipbreuk van de Gulden of Vergulden Draak op de Westkust van 
+      Australië, 1656.--Pogingen tot redding der schipbreukelingen, 1656-1658.--Nadere 
+      verkenning der Westkust door de Wakende Boci, onder bevel van Samuel Volckertsz(oon) 
+      en de Emeloord onder Aucke Picterszoon Jonck (1658)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="075.html">75</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXX. De Elburg, onder bevel van Jacob Pieterszoon Peereboom, doet de 
+      Zuidwestkust van Australië en Kaap Leeuwin aan, op reis van Nederland naar 
+      Batavia (1658)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="081.html">81</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXXI. Nadere ontdekking van de Noordwestkust van Australië door de 
+      V1iegende Zwaan onder bevel van Jan Van der Wall, op reis van Ternate naar 
+      Batavia, in Februari 1678</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="082.html">82</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXXII. Nadere verkenning van Australië's Westkust door de Geelvink, 
+      onder bevel van den schipper commandeur der expeditie Willem De V1amingh, 
+      de Nijptang, onder Gerrit Collaert on het Wezeltje, onder Cornelis De V1amingh 
+      (1696-1697)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="083.html">83</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXXIII. Nadere ontdekking van de Noordkust van Australië door de Vosschenbosch, 
+      onder bevel van Maarten Van Delft, de Waijer onder Andries Rooseboom van 
+      Hamburg en de Nieuw Holland of Nova Hollandia onder Pieter Hendrikszoon 
+      van Hamburg (1705)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="087.html">87</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXXIV. Ontdekkingstocht op last der West-Indische Compagnic "na het 
+      onbekende godeelte des werelts, gelegen in de Zuyd-Zee bewesten Amerika"", 
+      door de schepen de Arend, de Tienhoven en de Afrikaansche Galei, onder bevel 
+      van Mr. Jacob Roggeveen, Jan Koster, Cornelis Bouman en Roelof Rosendaal 
+      (1721-1722)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="089.html">89</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXXV. Schipbreuk van de Zeewijk, onder bevel van Jan Steijns, op de 
+      Tortelduif (1727)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="091.html">91</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXXVI. Ontdekkingstocht van de Rijder en de Buis, onder den luitenant 
+      Jan Etienne Gonzal en den stuurman Lavienne Lodewijk Van Asschens, naar 
+      de Golf van Carpentaria (1756)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="092.html">92</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>Registers (Persooonsnamen, Schepen, Plaatsnamen)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="101.html">101</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr align="center" width="70%">
+
+<p><a name="pagelist"></a></p><a href="#home"><b>^Begin</b></a>
+
+<h2>Pagina:</h2>
+
+<table border="1" summary="" align="center">
+<tr>
+
+    <td> <A HREF="_001.html">omslag</A> <A HREF="_003.html">titelpagina</A> <A HREF="_004.html">inhoud1</A> 
+      <A HREF="_005.html">inhoud2</A> <A HREF="_006.html">kaarten</A> <A HREF="_007.html">boeken1</A> 
+      <A HREF="_008.html">boeken2</A> <A HREF="_009.html">inleiding</A> <A HREF="_010.html">i</A> 
+      <A HREF="_011.html">ii</A> <A HREF="_012.html">iii</A> <A HREF="_013.html">iv</A> 
+      <A HREF="_014.html">v</A> <A HREF="_015.html">vi</A> <A HREF="_016.html">vii</A> 
+      <A HREF="_017.html">viii</A> <A HREF="_018.html">ix</A> <A HREF="_019.html">x</A> 
+      <A HREF="_020.html">xi</A> <A HREF="_021.html">xii</A> <A HREF="_022.html">xiii</A> 
+      <A HREF="_023.html">xiv</A> <A HREF="_024.html">xv</A> <A HREF="_025.html">xvi</A> 
+      <A HREF="_026.html">xvii</A> <A HREF="_027.html">xviii</A> </td>
+
+</tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<table border="1" summary="" align="center">
+<tr>
+
+<td>
+
+<A HREF="001.html">1</A> 
+<A HREF="002.html">2</A> 
+<A HREF="003.html">3</A> 
+<A HREF="004.html">4</A> 
+<A HREF="005.html">5</A> 
+<A HREF="006.html">6</A> 
+<A HREF="007.html">7</A> 
+<A HREF="008.html">8</A> 
+<A HREF="009.html">9</A> 
+<A HREF="010.html">10</A> 
+<A HREF="011.html">11</A> 
+<A HREF="012.html">12</A> 
+<A HREF="013.html">13</A> 
+<A HREF="014.html">14</A> 
+<A HREF="015.html">15</A> 
+<A HREF="016.html">16</A> 
+<A HREF="017.html">17</A> 
+<A HREF="018.html">18</A> 
+<A HREF="019.html">19</A> 
+<A HREF="020.html">20</A> 
+<A HREF="021.html">21</A> 
+<A HREF="022.html">22</A> 
+<A HREF="023.html">23</A> 
+<A HREF="024.html">24</A> 
+<A HREF="025.html">25</A> 
+<A HREF="026.html">26</A> 
+<A HREF="027.html">27</A> 
+<A HREF="028.html">28</A> 
+<A HREF="029.html">29</A> 
+<A HREF="030.html">30</A> 
+<A HREF="031.html">31</A> 
+<A HREF="032.html">32</A> 
+<A HREF="033.html">33</A> 
+<A HREF="034.html">34</A> 
+<A HREF="035.html">35</A> 
+<A HREF="036.html">36</A> 
+<A HREF="037.html">37</A> 
+<A HREF="038.html">38</A> 
+<A HREF="039.html">39</A> 
+<A HREF="040.html">40</A> 
+<A HREF="041.html">41</A> 
+<A HREF="042.html">42</A> 
+<A HREF="043.html">43</A> 
+<A HREF="044.html">44</A> 
+<A HREF="045.html">45</A> 
+<A HREF="046.html">46</A> 
+<A HREF="047.html">47</A> 
+<A HREF="048.html">48</A> 
+<A HREF="049.html">49</A> 
+<A HREF="050.html">50</A> 
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<table border="1" summary="" align="center">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<A HREF="051.html">51</A> 
+<A HREF="052.html">52</A> 
+<A HREF="053.html">53</A> 
+<A HREF="054.html">54</A> 
+<A HREF="055.html">55</A> 
+<A HREF="056.html">56</A> 
+<A HREF="057.html">57</A> 
+<A HREF="058.html">58</A> 
+<A HREF="059.html">59</A> 
+<A HREF="060.html">60</A> 
+<A HREF="061.html">61</A> 
+<A HREF="062.html">62</A> 
+<A HREF="063.html">63</A> 
+<A HREF="064.html">64</A> 
+<A HREF="065.html">65</A> 
+<A HREF="066.html">66</A> 
+<A HREF="067.html">67</A> 
+<A HREF="068.html">68</A> 
+<A HREF="069.html">69</A> 
+<A HREF="070.html">70</A> 
+<A HREF="071.html">71</A> 
+<A HREF="072.html">72</A> 
+<A HREF="073.html">73</A> 
+<A HREF="074.html">74</A> 
+<A HREF="075.html">75</A> 
+<A HREF="076.html">76</A> 
+<A HREF="077.html">77</A> 
+<A HREF="078.html">78</A> 
+<A HREF="079.html">79</A> 
+<A HREF="080.html">80</A> 
+<A HREF="081.html">81</A> 
+<A HREF="082.html">82</A> 
+<A HREF="083.html">83</A> 
+<A HREF="084.html">84</A> 
+<A HREF="085.html">85</A> 
+<A HREF="086.html">86</A> 
+<A HREF="087.html">87</A> 
+<A HREF="088.html">88</A> 
+<A HREF="089.html">89</A> 
+<A HREF="090.html">90</A> 
+<A HREF="091.html">91</A> 
+<A HREF="092.html">92</A> 
+<A HREF="093.html">93</A> 
+<A HREF="094.html">94</A> 
+<A HREF="095.html">95</A> 
+<A HREF="096.html">96</A> 
+<A HREF="097.html">97</A> 
+<A HREF="098.html">98</A> 
+<A HREF="099.html">99</A> 
+<A HREF="100.html">100</A> 
+<A HREF="101.html">101</A> 
+<A HREF="102.html">102</A> 
+<A HREF="103.html">103</A> 
+<A HREF="104.html">104</A> 
+<A HREF="105.html">105</A> 
+<A HREF="106.html">106</A> 
+
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p><a href="#home"><b>^Begin</b></a></p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="100%">
+<p>Bijgewerkt 28 Dec 2005</p>
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/old/english/001.html b/old/english/001.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba5e497
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/001.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 1</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_027.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="002.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="001.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 1</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_027.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="002.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/001.jpg b/old/english/001.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..857809c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/001.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/002.html b/old/english/002.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6d2758
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/002.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 2</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="001.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="003.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="002.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 2</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="001.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="003.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/002.jpg b/old/english/002.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4a4ad3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/002.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/003.html b/old/english/003.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a83a43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/003.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 3</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="002.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="004.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="003.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 3</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="002.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="004.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/003.jpg b/old/english/003.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6633016
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/003.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/004.html b/old/english/004.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2387a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/004.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 4</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="003.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="005.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="004.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 4</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="003.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="005.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/004.jpg b/old/english/004.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1cd855
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/004.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/005.html b/old/english/005.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6680dc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/005.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 5</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="004.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="006.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="005.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 5</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="004.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="006.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/005.jpg b/old/english/005.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ee7202
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/005.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/006.html b/old/english/006.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2261dd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/006.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 6</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="005.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="007.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="006.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 6</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="005.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="007.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/006.jpg b/old/english/006.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bcf4470
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/006.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/007.html b/old/english/007.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7307c8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/007.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 7</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="006.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="008.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="007.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 7</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="006.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="008.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/007.jpg b/old/english/007.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfa1683
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/007.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/008.html b/old/english/008.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ecde65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/008.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 8</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="007.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="009.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="008.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 8</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="007.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="009.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/008.jpg b/old/english/008.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26abf5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/008.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/009.html b/old/english/009.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9894f31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/009.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 9</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="008.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="010.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="009.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 9</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="008.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="010.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/009.jpg b/old/english/009.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..532249c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/009.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/010.html b/old/english/010.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d80ca1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/010.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 10</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="009.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="011.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="010.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 10</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="009.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="011.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/010.jpg b/old/english/010.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f122bef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/010.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/011.html b/old/english/011.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a8187e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/011.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 11</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="010.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="012.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="011.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 11</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="010.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="012.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/011.jpg b/old/english/011.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..146ce06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/011.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/012.html b/old/english/012.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23880fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/012.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 12</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="011.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="013.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="012.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 12</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="011.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="013.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/012.jpg b/old/english/012.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50a431a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/012.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/013.html b/old/english/013.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c93266c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/013.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 13</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="012.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="014.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="013.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 13</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="012.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="014.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/013.jpg b/old/english/013.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f8e221
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/013.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/014.html b/old/english/014.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76332d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/014.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 14</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="013.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="015.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="014.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 14</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="013.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="015.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/014.jpg b/old/english/014.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f052be2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/014.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/015.html b/old/english/015.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..238f1b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/015.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 15</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="014.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="016.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="015.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 15</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="014.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="016.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/015.jpg b/old/english/015.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a7be35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/015.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/016.html b/old/english/016.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72227d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/016.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 16</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="015.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="017.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="016.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 16</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="015.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="017.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/016.jpg b/old/english/016.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7eb7619
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/016.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/017.html b/old/english/017.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f34cdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/017.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 17</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="016.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="018.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="017.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 17</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="016.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="018.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/017.jpg b/old/english/017.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c6f795
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/017.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/018.html b/old/english/018.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab46064
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/018.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 18</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="017.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="019.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="018.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 18</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="017.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="019.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/018.jpg b/old/english/018.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e611bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/018.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/019.html b/old/english/019.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3997bae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/019.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 19</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="018.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="020.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="019.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 19</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="018.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="020.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/019.jpg b/old/english/019.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa19e64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/019.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/020.html b/old/english/020.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa947d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/020.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 20</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="019.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="021.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="020.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 20</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="019.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="021.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/020.jpg b/old/english/020.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f8896a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/020.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/021.html b/old/english/021.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92433de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/021.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 21</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="020.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="022.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="021.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 21</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="020.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="022.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/021.jpg b/old/english/021.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd499c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/021.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/022.html b/old/english/022.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bd6076
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/022.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 22</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="021.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="023.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="022.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 22</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="021.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="023.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/022.jpg b/old/english/022.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d04cf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/022.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/023.html b/old/english/023.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b51c747
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/023.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 23</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="022.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="024.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="023.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 23</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="022.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="024.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/023.jpg b/old/english/023.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7683e12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/023.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/024.html b/old/english/024.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c942a93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/024.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 24</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="023.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="025.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="024.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 24</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="023.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="025.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/024.jpg b/old/english/024.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15d7961
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/024.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/025.html b/old/english/025.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6810369
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/025.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 25</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="024.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="026.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="025.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 25</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="024.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="026.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/025.jpg b/old/english/025.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb16302
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/025.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/026.html b/old/english/026.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef4590d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/026.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 26</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="025.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="027.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="026.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 26</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="025.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="027.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/026.jpg b/old/english/026.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2fd92e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/026.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/027.html b/old/english/027.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69636e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/027.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 27</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="026.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="028.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="027.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 27</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="026.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="028.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/027.jpg b/old/english/027.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..daa4eca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/027.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/028.html b/old/english/028.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a406007
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/028.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 28</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="027.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="029.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="028.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 28</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="027.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="029.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/028.jpg b/old/english/028.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86a6c60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/028.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/029.html b/old/english/029.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a462269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/029.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 29</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="028.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="030.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="029.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 29</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="028.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="030.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/029.jpg b/old/english/029.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b307178
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/029.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/030.html b/old/english/030.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a6228c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/030.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 30</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="029.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="031.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="030.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 30</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="029.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="031.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/030.jpg b/old/english/030.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56bb23f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/030.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/031.html b/old/english/031.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff27032
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/031.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 31</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="030.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="032.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="031.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 31</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="030.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="032.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/031.jpg b/old/english/031.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d70d49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/031.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/032.html b/old/english/032.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..027da9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/032.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 32</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="031.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="033.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="032.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 32</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="031.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="033.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/032.jpg b/old/english/032.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37abd9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/032.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/033.html b/old/english/033.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..220bfa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/033.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 33</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="032.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="034.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="033.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 33</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="032.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="034.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/033.jpg b/old/english/033.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42122a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/033.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/034.html b/old/english/034.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ba7253
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/034.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 34</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="033.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="035.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="034.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 34</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="033.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="035.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/034.jpg b/old/english/034.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c76eea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/034.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/035.html b/old/english/035.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a14323
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/035.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 35</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="034.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="036.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="035.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 35</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="034.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="036.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/035.jpg b/old/english/035.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f61f1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/035.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/036.html b/old/english/036.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..916e64f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/036.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 36</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="035.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="037.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="036.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 36</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="035.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="037.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/036.jpg b/old/english/036.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7c095a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/036.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/037.html b/old/english/037.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2402021
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/037.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 37</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="036.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="038.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="037.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 37</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="036.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="038.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/037.jpg b/old/english/037.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45ba881
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/037.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/038.html b/old/english/038.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f02272
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/038.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 38</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="037.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="039.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="038.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 38</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="037.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="039.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/038.jpg b/old/english/038.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1dc28a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/038.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/039.html b/old/english/039.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1750ebf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/039.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 39</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="038.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="040.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="039.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 39</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="038.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="040.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/039.jpg b/old/english/039.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b314d52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/039.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/040.html b/old/english/040.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..001e1f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/040.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 40</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="039.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="041.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="040.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 40</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="039.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="041.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/040.jpg b/old/english/040.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38e79d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/040.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/041.html b/old/english/041.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cace4d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/041.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 41</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="040.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="042.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="041.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 41</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="040.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="042.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/041.jpg b/old/english/041.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..466a81d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/041.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/042.html b/old/english/042.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86eadee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/042.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 42</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="041.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="043.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="042.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 42</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="041.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="043.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/042.jpg b/old/english/042.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2017111
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/042.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/043.html b/old/english/043.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6bab02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/043.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 43</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="042.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="044.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="043.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 43</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="042.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="044.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/043.jpg b/old/english/043.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..668c1f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/043.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/044.html b/old/english/044.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9f0aa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/044.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 44</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="043.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="045.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="044.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 44</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="043.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="045.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/044.jpg b/old/english/044.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4c1ff8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/044.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/045.html b/old/english/045.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b535c4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/045.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 45</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="044.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="046.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="045.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 45</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="044.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="046.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/045.jpg b/old/english/045.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d49d7c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/045.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/046.html b/old/english/046.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f84d3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/046.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 46</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="045.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="047.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="046.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 46</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="045.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="047.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/046.jpg b/old/english/046.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3cf5fb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/046.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/047.html b/old/english/047.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea6d114
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/047.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 47</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="046.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="048.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="047.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 47</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="046.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="048.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/047.jpg b/old/english/047.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e32a67b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/047.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/048.html b/old/english/048.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d99ae72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/048.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 48</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="047.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="049.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="048.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 48</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="047.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="049.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/048.jpg b/old/english/048.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d27e11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/048.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/049.html b/old/english/049.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8869ea5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/049.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 49</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="048.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="050.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="049.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 49</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="048.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="050.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/049.jpg b/old/english/049.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b122d0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/049.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/050.html b/old/english/050.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c839342
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/050.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 50</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="049.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="051.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="050.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 50</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="049.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="051.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/050.jpg b/old/english/050.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00c6f9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/050.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/051.html b/old/english/051.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3bc7382
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/051.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 51</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="050.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="052.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="051.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 51</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="050.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="052.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/051.jpg b/old/english/051.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..274da46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/051.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/052.html b/old/english/052.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0691323
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/052.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 52</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="051.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="053.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="052.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 52</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="051.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="053.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/052.jpg b/old/english/052.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1c1eea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/052.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/053.html b/old/english/053.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd69552
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/053.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 53</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="052.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="054.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="053.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 53</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="052.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="054.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/053.jpg b/old/english/053.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a8257b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/053.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/054.html b/old/english/054.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ed27eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/054.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 54</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="053.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="055.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="054.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 54</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="053.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="055.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/054.jpg b/old/english/054.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18273aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/054.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/055.html b/old/english/055.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d79a70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/055.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 55</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="054.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="056.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="055.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 55</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="054.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="056.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/055.jpg b/old/english/055.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4299c5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/055.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/056.html b/old/english/056.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d05ce4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/056.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 56</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="055.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="057.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="056.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 56</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="055.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="057.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/056.jpg b/old/english/056.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..212f65f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/056.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/057.html b/old/english/057.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1a1402
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/057.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 57</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="056.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="058.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="057.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 57</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="056.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="058.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/057.jpg b/old/english/057.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1386150
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/057.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/058.html b/old/english/058.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b54db0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/058.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 58</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="057.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="059.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="058.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 58</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="057.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="059.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/058.jpg b/old/english/058.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d08a97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/058.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/059.html b/old/english/059.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..338eb60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/059.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 59</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="058.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="060.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="059.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 59</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="058.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="060.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/059.jpg b/old/english/059.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..246d3a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/059.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/060.html b/old/english/060.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..696318c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/060.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 60</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="059.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="061.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="060.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 60</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="059.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="061.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/060.jpg b/old/english/060.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff6cf8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/060.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/061.html b/old/english/061.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..195ef6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/061.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 61</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="060.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="062.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="061.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 61</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="060.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="062.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/061.jpg b/old/english/061.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e489b9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/061.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/062.html b/old/english/062.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..022d135
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/062.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 62</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="061.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="063.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="062.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 62</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="061.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="063.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/062.jpg b/old/english/062.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2ee866
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/062.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/063.html b/old/english/063.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bff29d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/063.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 63</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="062.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="064.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="063.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 63</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="062.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="064.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/063.jpg b/old/english/063.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26c5bc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/063.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/064.html b/old/english/064.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d599aa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/064.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 64</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="063.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="065.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="064.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 64</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="063.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="065.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/064.jpg b/old/english/064.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f5b2a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/064.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/065.html b/old/english/065.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbfaa0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/065.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 65</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="064.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="066.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="065.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 65</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="064.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="066.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/065.jpg b/old/english/065.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..783a329
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/065.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/066.html b/old/english/066.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93e332b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/066.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 66</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="065.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="067.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="066.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 66</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="065.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="067.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/066.jpg b/old/english/066.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a882dbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/066.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/067.html b/old/english/067.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa22fb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/067.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 67</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="066.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="068.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="067.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 67</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="066.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="068.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/067.jpg b/old/english/067.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..549ff17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/067.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/068.html b/old/english/068.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b13a0aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/068.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 68</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="067.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="069.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="068.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 68</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="067.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="069.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/068.jpg b/old/english/068.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c328d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/068.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/069.html b/old/english/069.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22f9230
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/069.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 69</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="068.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="070.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="069.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 69</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="068.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="070.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/069.jpg b/old/english/069.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3614eca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/069.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/070.html b/old/english/070.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..987ec49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/070.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 70</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="069.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="071.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="070.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 70</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="069.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="071.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/070.jpg b/old/english/070.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12eb3bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/070.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/071.html b/old/english/071.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4770665
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/071.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 71</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="070.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="072.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="071.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 71</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="070.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="072.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/071.jpg b/old/english/071.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e775fd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/071.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/072.html b/old/english/072.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8277c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/072.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 72</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="071.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="073.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="072.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 72</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="071.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="073.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/072.jpg b/old/english/072.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16780fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/072.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/073.html b/old/english/073.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..133b0c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/073.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 73</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="072.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="074.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="073.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 73</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="072.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="074.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/073.jpg b/old/english/073.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5490505
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/073.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/074.html b/old/english/074.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28fb080
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/074.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 74</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="073.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="075.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="074.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 74</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="073.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="075.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/074.jpg b/old/english/074.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bf829d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/074.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/075.html b/old/english/075.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aacdba3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/075.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 75</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="074.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="076.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="075.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 75</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="074.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="076.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/075.jpg b/old/english/075.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d14a16a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/075.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/076.html b/old/english/076.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9688e25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/076.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 76</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="075.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="077.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="076.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 76</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="075.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="077.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/076.jpg b/old/english/076.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2d39c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/076.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/077.html b/old/english/077.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a4ef4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/077.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 77</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="076.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="078.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="077.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 77</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="076.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="078.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/077.jpg b/old/english/077.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc70495
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/077.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/078.html b/old/english/078.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e58e532
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/078.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 78</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="077.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="079.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="078.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 78</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="077.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="079.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/078.jpg b/old/english/078.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0c1bbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/078.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/079.html b/old/english/079.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48358d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/079.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 79</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="078.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="080.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="079.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 79</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="078.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="080.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/079.jpg b/old/english/079.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f27f592
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/079.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/080.html b/old/english/080.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a96745
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/080.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 80</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="079.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="081.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="080.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 80</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="079.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="081.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/080.jpg b/old/english/080.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6326a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/080.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/081.html b/old/english/081.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c472b04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/081.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 81</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="080.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="082.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="081.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 81</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="080.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="082.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/081.jpg b/old/english/081.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eeacf1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/081.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/082.html b/old/english/082.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2f1131
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/082.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 82</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="081.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="083.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="082.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 82</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="081.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="083.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/082.jpg b/old/english/082.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0165c41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/082.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/083.html b/old/english/083.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac392c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/083.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 83</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="082.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="084.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="083.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 83</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="082.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="084.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/083.jpg b/old/english/083.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b43b5a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/083.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/084.html b/old/english/084.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c882afd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/084.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 84</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="083.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="085.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="084.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 84</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="083.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="085.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/084.jpg b/old/english/084.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3355edb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/084.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/085.html b/old/english/085.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b34669f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/085.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 85</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="084.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="086.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="085.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 85</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="084.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="086.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/085.jpg b/old/english/085.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8118bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/085.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/086.html b/old/english/086.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e69cae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/086.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 86</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="085.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="087.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="086.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 86</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="085.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="087.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/086.jpg b/old/english/086.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eaec1fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/086.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/087.html b/old/english/087.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b05fc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/087.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 87</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="086.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="088.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="087.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 87</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="086.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="088.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/087.jpg b/old/english/087.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27fa7b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/087.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/088.html b/old/english/088.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c504636
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/088.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 88</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="087.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="089.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="088.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 88</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="087.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="089.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/088.jpg b/old/english/088.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a7c63e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/088.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/089.html b/old/english/089.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebfa165
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/089.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 89</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="088.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="090.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="089.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 89</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="088.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="090.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/089.jpg b/old/english/089.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7106251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/089.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/090.html b/old/english/090.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d64dd16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/090.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 90</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="089.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="091.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="090.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 90</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="089.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="091.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/090.jpg b/old/english/090.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ae08f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/090.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/091.html b/old/english/091.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6a1a5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/091.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 91</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="090.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="092.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="091.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 91</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="090.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="092.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/091.jpg b/old/english/091.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a55211f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/091.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/092.html b/old/english/092.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41a7940
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/092.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 92</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="091.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="093.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="092.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 92</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="091.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="093.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/092.jpg b/old/english/092.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9846f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/092.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/093.html b/old/english/093.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce7ac60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/093.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 93</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="092.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="094.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="093.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 93</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="092.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="094.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/093.jpg b/old/english/093.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e518d49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/093.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/094.html b/old/english/094.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ab7c3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/094.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 94</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="093.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="095.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="094.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 94</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="093.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="095.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/094.jpg b/old/english/094.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9509fc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/094.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/095.html b/old/english/095.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56dfc35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/095.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 95</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="094.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="096.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="095.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 95</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="094.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="096.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/095.jpg b/old/english/095.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c2cd8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/095.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/096.html b/old/english/096.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..819fdc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/096.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 96</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="095.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="097.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="096.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 96</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="095.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="097.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/096.jpg b/old/english/096.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5a1692
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/096.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/097.html b/old/english/097.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e18aab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/097.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 97</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="096.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="098.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="097.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 97</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="096.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="098.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/097.jpg b/old/english/097.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9fa8522
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/097.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/098.html b/old/english/098.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc1000d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/098.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 98</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="097.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="099.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="098.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 98</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="097.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="099.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/098.jpg b/old/english/098.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee688d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/098.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/099.html b/old/english/099.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..681fdb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/099.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 99</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="098.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="100.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="099.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 99</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="098.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="100.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/099.jpg b/old/english/099.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4a02f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/099.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/100.html b/old/english/100.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f23dcb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/100.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 100</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="099.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="101.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="100.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 100</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="099.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="101.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/100.jpg b/old/english/100.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8cfcee8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/100.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/101.html b/old/english/101.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc28c1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/101.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 101</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="100.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="102.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="101.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 101</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="100.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="102.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/101.jpg b/old/english/101.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ece8e92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/101.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/102.html b/old/english/102.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f461fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/102.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 102</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="101.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="103.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="102.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 102</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="101.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="103.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/102.jpg b/old/english/102.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..375abca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/102.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/103.html b/old/english/103.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a95449
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/103.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 103</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="102.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="104.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="103.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 103</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="102.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="104.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/103.jpg b/old/english/103.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5f2be5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/103.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/104.html b/old/english/104.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8614c9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/104.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 104</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="103.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="105.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="104.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 104</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="103.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="105.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/104.jpg b/old/english/104.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4276707
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/104.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/105.html b/old/english/105.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..771b795
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/105.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 105</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="104.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="106.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="105.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 105</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="104.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="106.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/105.jpg b/old/english/105.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c507702
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/105.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/106.html b/old/english/106.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7126a08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/106.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 106</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="105.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="106.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page 106</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="105.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/106.jpg b/old/english/106.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb460fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/106.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/_001.html b/old/english/_001.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49674f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_001.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>cver</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="contents.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_002.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_001.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>cover</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="contents.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_002.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/_001.jpg b/old/english/_001.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16ac91a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_001.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/_002.html b/old/english/_002.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd6c79c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_002.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b> </b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_001.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_003.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_002.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b> </b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_001.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_003.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/_002.jpg b/old/english/_002.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..781bfa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_002.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/_003.html b/old/english/_003.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d74d50b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_003.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>title</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_002.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_004.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_003.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>title</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_002.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_004.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/_003.jpg b/old/english/_003.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c2d017
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_003.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/_004.html b/old/english/_004.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a61f28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_004.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>contents 1</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_003.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_005.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_004.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>contents 1</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_003.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_005.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/_004.jpg b/old/english/_004.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9dc742a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_004.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/_005.html b/old/english/_005.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f5aac8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_005.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>contents 2</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_004.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_006.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_005.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>contents 2</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_004.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_006.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/_005.jpg b/old/english/_005.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..836e678
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_005.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/_006.html b/old/english/_006.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec2eee4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_006.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>maps</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_005.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_007.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_006.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>maps</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_005.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_007.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/_006.jpg b/old/english/_006.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a721aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_006.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/_007.html b/old/english/_007.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ad64af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_007.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>books 1</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_006.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_008.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_007.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>books 1</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_006.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_008.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/_007.jpg b/old/english/_007.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9300e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_007.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/_008.html b/old/english/_008.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc3d0af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_008.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>books 2</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_007.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_009.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_008.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>books 2</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_007.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_009.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/_008.jpg b/old/english/_008.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..908daf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_008.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/_009.html b/old/english/_009.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ba5fd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_009.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>intro</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_008.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_010.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_009.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>intro</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_008.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_010.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/_009.jpg b/old/english/_009.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8743c0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_009.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/_010.html b/old/english/_010.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf1b92d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_010.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page i</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_009.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_011.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_010.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page i</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_009.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_011.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/_010.jpg b/old/english/_010.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba3347a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_010.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/_011.html b/old/english/_011.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b04f4e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_011.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page ii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_010.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_012.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_011.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page ii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_010.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_012.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/_011.jpg b/old/english/_011.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98aa16a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_011.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/_012.html b/old/english/_012.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e892713
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_012.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page iii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_011.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_013.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_012.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page iii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_011.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_013.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/_012.jpg b/old/english/_012.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27b7cfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_012.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/_013.html b/old/english/_013.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2aa58d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_013.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page iv</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_012.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_014.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_013.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page iv</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_012.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_014.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/_013.jpg b/old/english/_013.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..202acea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_013.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/_014.html b/old/english/_014.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7760873
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_014.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page v</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_013.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_015.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_014.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page v</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_013.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_015.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/_014.jpg b/old/english/_014.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1325c55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_014.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/_015.html b/old/english/_015.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02799bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_015.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page vi</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_014.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_016.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_015.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page vi</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_014.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_016.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/_015.jpg b/old/english/_015.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6649ecd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_015.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/_016.html b/old/english/_016.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6954a04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_016.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page vii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_015.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_017.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_016.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page vii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_015.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_017.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/_016.jpg b/old/english/_016.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0883fbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_016.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/_017.html b/old/english/_017.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3cc5531
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_017.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page viii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_016.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_018.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_017.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page viii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_016.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_018.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/old/english/_017.jpg b/old/english/_017.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ac7c06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_017.jpg
diff --git a/old/english/_018.html b/old/english/_018.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6bbcd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/english/_018.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page ix</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_017.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_019.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_018.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page ix</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_017.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_019.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page x</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_018.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_020.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_019.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page x</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_018.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_020.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xi</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_019.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_021.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_020.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xi</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_019.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_021.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_020.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_022.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_021.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_020.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_022.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xiii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_021.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_023.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_022.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xiii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_021.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_023.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
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+
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+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xiv</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_022.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_024.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_023.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xiv</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_022.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_024.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xv</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_023.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_025.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_024.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xv</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_023.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_025.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xvi</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_024.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_026.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_025.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xvi</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_024.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_026.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
+bottom margin 3em,
+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xvii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_025.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_027.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_026.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b>Page xvii</b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_025.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="_027.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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+<head>
+<title>The Part borne by the Dutch</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 10% 5% 10% 5%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
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+left margin 4em */
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
+p.poem {text-align:center}
+
+p.external {font-weight: bold}
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+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h3>
+
+<center>
+<p><b> </b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_026.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="001.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+<p align="center"><img alt="" src="_027.jpg"></p>
+
+<center>
+<p><b> </b></p>
+<p>
+<a href="_026.html"> Previous </a>--
+<a href="001.html"> Next </a>--
+<a href="contents.html"> Contents </a>
+</p>
+</center>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>Contents--The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765
+</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body {background: #ffffcc; margin: 5% 15% 5% 15%; text-align:justify}
+/* top margin 1em,
+right margin 2em,
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+left margin 4em */
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+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {color:green; text-align:center}
+blockquote {font-size: .9em}
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+<body>
+<a name="home"></a>
+
+<h3><A HREF="http://gutenberg.net.au">Project Gutenberg of Australia</A></h3>
+
+<h1>The Part Borne by the Dutch<br> in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765</h1>
+
+<h3>by</h3>
+
+<h2>J E HEERES</h2>
+
+<h4>LONDON<br>
+Luzac and Co.<br>
+1899</h4>
+
+<hr align="center" width="50%">
+
+<h3>Produced by Colin Choat</h3>
+
+<hr align="center" width="50%">
+
+<p align="center"><b>To go to a specific page see the <a href="#pagelist">list</a> below</b></p>
+
+<table border="1" summary="">
+  <tr> 
+    <td> 
+      <h2>Contents</h2>
+    </td>
+    <td><b>Page</b><br>
+      <A HREF="_004.html">contents</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>Cover</b></td>
+    <td><a href="_001.html">cover</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>Fly Page</b></td>
+    <td><a href="_002.html">fly</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>Title Page</b></td>
+    <td><a href="_003.html">title</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>List of books, discussed or referred to in the work</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="_007.html">books</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>List of Maps and Figures</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="_006.html">maps</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>Introduction</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="_010.html">intro</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>DOCUMENTS:</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="_027.html">documents</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>I. Dutch. notions respecting the Southland in 1595</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="001.html">1</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>II. Notices of the south-coast of New Guinea in 1602</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="003.html">3</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>III. Voyage of the ship Duifken under command of Willem Jansz(oon) 
+      and Jan Lodewijkszoon Rosingeyn to New Guinea.--Discovery of the east-coast 
+      of the present Gulf of Carpentaria (1605--1606)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="004.html">4</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>IV. Fresh expedition to New Guinea by the ship Duifken (1607)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="006.html">6</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>V. Voyage of the ships Eendracht and Hoorn, commanded by Jacques Le 
+      Maire and Willem Corneliszoon Schouten through the Pacific Ocean and along 
+      the north-coast of New Guinea (1616)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="006.html">6</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>VI. Project for the further discovery of the Southland-Nova Guinea 
+      (1616)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="007.html">7</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>VII. Voyage of de Eendracht under command of Dirk Hartogs(zoon). Discovery 
+      of the West-coast of Australia in 1616: Dirk Hartogs-island and -road, Land 
+      of the Eendracht or Eendrachtsland (1616)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="008.html">8</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>VIII. Voyage of the ship Zeewolf, from the Netherlands to India, under 
+      the command of supercargo Pieter Dirkszoon and skipper Haevik Claeszoon 
+      van Hillegom.--Further discovery of the West-coast of Australia (1618) </b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="010.html">10</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>IX. Voyage of the ship Mauritius from the Netherlands to India under 
+      the command of supercargo Willem Jansz. or Janszoon and skipper Lenaert 
+      Jacobsz(oon). Further discovery of the West-coast of Australia.--Willems-rivier 
+      (1618)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="012.html">12</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>X. Further discovery of the South-coast of New-Guinea by the ship Het 
+      Wapen van Amsterdam? (1619?)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="013.html">13</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XI. Voyage of the ships Dordrecht and Amsterdam under commander Frederik 
+      De Houtman, supercargo Jacob Dedel, and skipper Reyer Janszoon van Buiksloot 
+      and Maarten Corneliszoon(?) from the Netherlands to the East-Indies.--Further 
+      discovery of the West-coast of Australia: Dedelsland and Houtman's Abrolhos 
+      (1619)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="014.html">14</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XII. Voyage of the ship Leeuwin from the Netherlands to Java.--Discovery 
+      of the South-West coast of Australia.--Leeuwin's land (1622)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="017.html">17</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XIII. The Triall. (English discovery)--The ship Wapen van Hoorn touches 
+      at the West-coast of Australia.--New projects for discovery made by the 
+      supreme government at Batavia (1622)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="017.html">17</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XIV. Voyage of the ships Pera and Arnhem, under command of Jan Carstenszoon 
+      or Carstensz., Dirk Meliszoon and Willem Joosten van Colster or Van Coolsteerdt.--Further 
+      discovery of the South-West coast of New Guinea. Discovery of the Gulf of 
+      Carpentaria (1623)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="021.html">21</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XV. Voyage of the ship Leiden, commanded by skipper Klaas Hermansz(oon) 
+      from the Netherlands to Java.--Further discovery of the West-coast of Australia 
+      (1623)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="049.html">49</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XVI Discovery of the Tortelduif island (rock) (1624?)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="050.html">50</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XVII. Voyage of the ship Leijden, commanded by skipper Daniel Janssen 
+      Cock, from the Netherlands to Java. Further discovery of the West-coast 
+      of Australia (1626)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="050.html">50</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XVIII. Discovery of the South-West coast of Australia by the ship Het 
+      Gulden Zeepaard, commanded by Pieter Nuijts, member of the Council of India, 
+      and by skipper Francois Thijssen or Thijszoon (1627)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="051.html">51</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XIX. Voyage of the ships Galias, Utrecht and Texel, commanded by Governor-General 
+      Jan Pieterszoon Coen.--Further discovery of the West-coast of Australia 
+      (1627)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="051.html">51</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XX. Voyage of the ship Het Wapen van Hoorn, commanded by supercargo 
+      J. Van Roosenbergh.--Further discovery of the West-coast of Australia (1627)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="052.html">52</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXI. Discovery of the North-West coast of Australia by the ship Vianen 
+      (Viane, Viana), commanded by Gerrit Frederikszoon De Witt.--De Witt's land 
+      (1628)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="054.html">54</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXII. Discovery of Jacob Remessens-, Remens-, or Rommer-river, south 
+      of Willems-river (before 1629)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="054.html">54</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXIII. Shipwreck of the ship Batavia under commander Francois Pelsaert 
+      on Houtmans Abrolhos. Further discovery of the West-coast of Australia (1629)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="055.html">55</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXIV. Further surveyings of the West-coast of Australia by the ship 
+      Amsterdam under commander Wollebrand Geleynszoon De Jongh and skipper Pieter 
+      Dircksz, on her voyage from the Netherlands to the East Indies (1635)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="062.html">62</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXV. New discoveries on the North-coast of Australia, by the ships 
+      Klein-Amsterdam and Wesel, commanded by (Gerrit Thomaszoon Pool and) Pieter 
+      Pieterszoon (1636)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="064.html">64</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXVI. Discovery of Tasmania (Van Diemensland), New Zealand (Statenland 
+      islands of the Tonga- and Fiji-groups, etc. by the ships Heemskerk and de 
+      Zeehaen, under the command of Abel Janszoon Tasman, Frans Jacobszoon Visscher, 
+      Yde Tjerkszoon Holman or Holleman and Gerrit Jansz(oon) (1642-1643)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="072.html">72</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXVII. Further discovery of the Gulf of Carpentaria, the North and 
+      North-West coasts of Australia by the Ships Limmen, Zeemeeuw and de Bracq, 
+      under the command of Tasman, Visscher, Dirk Corneliszoon Haen and Jasper 
+      Janszoon Koos (1644)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="072.html">72</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXVIII. Exploratory voyage to the West-coast of Australia round by 
+      the south of Java, by the ship Leeuwerik, commanded by Jan Janszoon Zeeuw 
+      (1648)XXVII. Further discovery of the Gulf of Carpentaria, the North and 
+      North-West coasts of Australia by the Ships Limmen, Zeemeeuw and de Bracq, 
+      under the command of Tasman, Visscher, Dirk Corneliszoon Haen and Jasper 
+      Janszoon Koos (1644)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="073.html">73</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXIX. Shipwreck of the Gulden or Vergulden Draak on the West-coast 
+      of Australia, 1656.--Attempts to rescue the survivors, 1656-1658.--Further 
+      surveyings of the West-coast by the ship de Wakende Boci, commanded by Samuel 
+      Volckerts(zoon), and by the ship Emeloord, commanded by Aucke Pieterszoon 
+      Jonck, (1658)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="075.html">75</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXX. The ship Elburg, commanded by Jacob Pieterszoon Peereboom, touches 
+      at the South-West coast of Australia and at cape Leeuwin, on her voyage 
+      from the Netherlands to Batavia (1658)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="081.html">81</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXXI. Further discovery of the North-West-coast of Australia by the 
+      ship de V1iegende Zwaan, commanded by Jan Van der Wall, on her voyage from 
+      Ternate to Batavia in February 1678</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="082.html">82</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXXII. Further discovery of the West-coast of Australia by the ship 
+      Geelvink, under the skipper-commander of the expedition, Willem De V1amingh, 
+      the ship Nijptang, under Gerrit Collaert, and the ship het Wezeltje, commanded 
+      by Cornelis De V1amingh (1696-1697)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="083.html">83</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXXIII. Further discovery of the North-coast of Australia by the ships 
+      Vossenbosch, commanded by Maarten Van Delft, de Waijer under Andries Rooseboom, 
+      of Hamburg, and Nieuw-Holland or Nova-Hollandia, commanded by Pieter Hendrikszoon, 
+      of Hamburg (1705)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="087.html">87</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXXIV. Exploratory voyage by order of the West-India Company "to the 
+      unknown part of the world, situated in the South Sea to westward of America", 
+      by the ships Arend and the African Galley, commanded by Mr. Jacob Roggeveen, 
+      Jan Koster, Cornelis Bouman and Roelof Roosendaal (1721-1722)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="089.html">89</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXXV. The ship Zeewijk, commanded by Jan Steijns, lost on the Tortelduif 
+      rock (1727)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="091.html">91</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>XXXVI. Exploratory voyage of the ships Rijder and Buis, commanded by 
+      lieutenant Jan Etienne Gonzal and first mate Lavienne Lodewijk Van Asschens, 
+      to the Gulf of Carpentaria (1756)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="092.html">92</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>Indices (Persons, Ships, Localities)</b></td>
+    <td><A HREF="101.html">101</A> </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
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+<p>Updated 30 Sept 2005</p>
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