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diff --git a/17128-8.txt b/17128-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c53be8d --- /dev/null +++ b/17128-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5764 @@ +The Project Gutenberg eBook, Noteworthy Families (Modern Science), by +Francis Galton and Edgar Schuster + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + + + + +Title: Noteworthy Families (Modern Science) + An Index to Kinships in Near Degrees between Persons Whose Achievements Are Honourable, and Have Been Publicly Recorded + + +Author: Francis Galton and Edgar Schuster + + + +Release Date: November 21, 2005 [eBook #17128] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTEWORTHY FAMILIES (MODERN +SCIENCE)*** + + +E-text prepared by Suzanne Lybarger, Laura Wisewell, and the Project +Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (https://www.pgdp.net/) + + + ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| | +| Transcriber's Note: In this plain text version, italics have been | +| rendered using underscores; both bold and small-caps using | +| all-caps (these never occur near each other, so no confusion | +| should arise); and the surnames of the subjects, which were in | +| bold sans-serif in the original, have been rendered in all-caps | +| with the # symbol on either side. The underscores have been | +| removed from a few italicized abbreviations where they were felt | +| to be a distraction. | +| | ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ + + + + + +NOTEWORTHY FAMILIES + +(MODERN SCIENCE) + +An Index to Kinships in Near Degrees +between Persons Whose Achievements +Are Honourable, and Have Been +Publicly Recorded + +by + +FRANCIS GALTON, D.C.L., F.R.S., HON. D.Sc (CAMB.) + +and + +EDGAR SCHUSTER +Galton Research Fellow in National Eugenics + +VOL I +of the Publications of the Eugenics Record Office +of the University of London + + + + + + + +London +John Murray, Albemarle Street + +1906 + + + + +CONTENTS + + + PAGE + I. INTRODUCTORY NOTE vii + + PREFACE ix + + CHAPTER + + GENERAL REMARKS ix + + II. NOTEWORTHINESS xi + + III. HIGHEST ORDER OF ABILITY xiv + + IV. PROPORTION OF NOTEWORTHIES TO THE GENERALITY xviii + + V. NOTEWORTHINESS AS A STATISTICAL MEASURE OF ABILITY xx + + VI. NOMENCLATURE OF KINSHIPS xxvi + + VII. NUMBER OF KINSFOLK IN EACH DEGREE xxviii + +VIII. NUMBER OF NOTEWORTHY KINSMEN IN EACH DEGREE xxxiii + + IX. MARKED AND UNMARKED NOTEWORTHINESS xxxv + + X. CONCLUSIONS xxxix + + NOTEWORTHY FAMILIES: + OF SIXTY-SIX F.R.S.'S WHO WERE LIVING IN 1904 1 + + APPENDIX: + FATHERS OF SOME OF THE SIXTY-SIX F.R.S.'S CLASSIFIED + BY THEIR OCCUPATIONS 80 + + INDEX 85 + + + + +INTRODUCTORY NOTE + + +The brief biographical notices of sixty-six noteworthy families +printed in this book are compiled from replies to a circular issued +by me in the spring of 1904 to all living Fellows of the Royal +Society. Those that first arrived were discussed in "Nature," August +11, 1904. + +On Mr. Schuster's appointment by the University of London, in +October, 1904, to the Research Fellowship in National Eugenics, all +my materials were placed in his hand. He was to select from them +those families that contained at least three noteworthy kinsmen, to +compile lists of their achievements on the model of the +above-mentioned memoir, to verify statements as far as possible, and +to send what he wrote for final approval by the authors of the +several replies. + +This was done by Mr. Schuster. The results were then submitted by him +as an appendix to his Report to the Senate last summer. + +After preliminary arrangements, it was determined by the Senate that +the list of Noteworthy Families should be published according to the +title-page of this book, I having agreed to contribute the preface, +Mr. Schuster's time being fully occupied with work in another branch +of Eugenics. + +So the list of "Noteworthy Families" in this volume is entirely the +work of Mr. Schuster, except in respect to some slight alterations +and additions for which I am responsible, as well as for all the +rest. + + FRANCIS GALTON. + + + + +PREFACE + + + + +CHAPTER I.--GENERAL REMARKS. + + +This volume is the first instalment of a work that admits of wide +extension. Its object is to serve as an index to the achievements of +those families which, having been exceptionally productive of +noteworthy persons, seem especially suitable for biographical +investigation. + +The facts that are given here are avowedly bald and imperfect; +nevertheless, they lead to certain important conclusions. They show, +for example, that a considerable proportion of the noteworthy members +in a population spring from comparatively few families. + +The material upon which this book is based is mainly derived from the +answers made to a circular sent to all the Fellows of the Royal +Society whose names appear in its Year Book for 1904. + +The questions were not unreasonably numerous, nor were they +inquisitorial; nevertheless, it proved that not one-half of those who +were addressed cared to answer them. It was, of course, desirable to +know a great deal more than could have been asked for or published +with propriety, such as the proneness of particular families to +grave constitutional disease. Indeed, the secret history of a family +is quite as important in its eugenic aspect as its public history; +but one cannot expect persons to freely unlock their dark closets and +drag forth family skeletons into the light of day. It was necessary +in such a work as this to submit to considerable limitations, while +turning to the fullest account whatever could be stated openly +without giving the smallest offence to any of the persons concerned. + +One limitation against which I still chafe in vain is the +impracticability of ascertaining so apparently simple a matter as the +number of kinsfolk of each person in each specific degree of near +kinship, without troublesome solicitations. It was specially asked +for in the circular, but by no means generally answered, even by +those who replied freely to other questions. The reason must in some +cases have been mere oversight or pure inertia, but to a large extent +it was due to ignorance, for I was astonished to find many to whom +the number of even their near kinsfolk was avowedly unknown. +Emigration, foreign service, feuds between near connections, +differences of social position, faintness of family interest, each +produced their several effects, with the result, as I have reason to +believe, that hardly one-half of the persons addressed were able, +without first making inquiry of others, to reckon the number of their +uncles, adult nephews, and first cousins. The isolation of some few +from even their nearest relatives was occasionally so complete that +the number of their brothers was unknown. It will be seen that this +deficiency of information admits of being supplied indirectly, to a +considerable degree. + +The collection of even the comparatively small amount of material now +in hand proved much more troublesome than was anticipated, but as the +object and limitations of inquiries like this become generally +understood, and as experience accumulates, the difficulty of similar +work in the future will presumably lessen. + + + + +CHAPTER II.--NOTEWORTHINESS. + + +The Fellowship of the Royal Society is a distinction highly +appreciated by all members of the scientific world. Fifteen men are +annually selected by its council out of some sixty candidates, each +candidate being proposed by six, and usually by more, Fellows in a +certificate containing his qualifications. The candidates themselves +are representatives of a multitude of persons to whom the title would +be not only an honour but a material advantage. The addition of the +letters "F.R.S." to the names of applicants to any post, however +remotely connected with science, is a valuable testimonial and a +recognised aid towards success, so the number of those who desire it +is very large. Experience shows that no special education, other than +self-instruction, is really required to attain this honour. Access to +laboratories, good tuition, and so forth, are doubtless helpful, so +far that many have obtained the distinction through such aid who +could not otherwise have done so, but they are far from being +all-important factors of success. The facts that lie patent before +the eyes of every medical man, engineer, and the members of most +professions, afford ample material for researches that would command +the attention of the scientific world if viewed with intelligence and +combined by a capable mind. + +It is so difficult to compare the number of those who might have +succeeded with the number of those who do, that the following +illustration may perhaps be useful: By adding to the 53 registration +counties in England, the 12 in Wales, the 33 in Scotland and the 32 +in Ireland, an aggregate of 130 is obtained. The English counties, +and the others in a lesser degree, have to be ransacked in order to +supply the fifteen annually-elected Fellows; so it requires more than +eight of these counties to yield an annual supply of a single Fellow +to the Royal Society. + +It is therefore contended that the Fellows of the Royal Society have +sufficient status to be reckoned "noteworthy," and, such being the +case, they are a very convenient body for inquiries like these. They +are trained to, and have sympathy with, scientific investigations; +biographical notices are published of them during their lifetime, +notably in the convenient compendium "Who's Who," to which there will +be frequent occasion to refer; and they are more or less known to one +another, either directly or through friends, making it comparatively +easy to satisfy the occasional doubts which may arise from their +communications. It was easier and statistically safer to limit the +inquiry to those Fellows who were living when the circulars were +issued--that is, to those whose names and addresses appear in the +"Royal Society's Year Book" of 1904. Some of them have since died, +full of honours, having done their duty to their generation; others +have since been elected; so the restriction given here to the term +"Modern Science" must be kept in mind. + +Another and a strong motive for selecting the F.R.S. as subjects of +inquiry was that so long ago as 1863-1864 I had investigated the +antecedents of 180 of those who were then living, who were further +distinguished by one or other of certain specified and recognised +honours. My conclusions were briefly described in a Friday evening +lecture, February 27, 1864, before the Royal Institution. These, +together with the data on which they were founded, were published in +the same year in my book "English Men of Science." Readers who desire +fuller information as to the antecedents conducive to success that +are too briefly described further on should refer to the above book. + +The epithet "noteworthy" is applied to achievements in all branches +of effort that rank among the members of any profession or calling as +equal, at least, to that which an F.R.S. holds among scientific men. +This affords a convenient and sufficiently definite standard of +merit. I could think of none more appropriate when addressing +scientific men, and it seems to have been generally understood in +the desired sense. It includes more than a half of those whose names +appear in the modern editions of "Who's Who," which are become less +discriminate than the earlier ones. "Noteworthiness" is ascribed, +without exception, to all whose names appear in the "Dictionary of +National Biography," but all of these were dead before the date of +the publication of that work and its supplement. Noteworthiness is +also ascribed to those whose biographies appear in the "Encyclopædia +Britannica" (which includes many who are now alive), and, in other +works, of equivalent authority. As those persons were considered by +editors of the last named publications to be worthy of note, I have +accepted them, on their authority, as noteworthy. + + + + +CHAPTER III.--HIGHEST ORDER OF ABILITY. + + +No attempt is made in this book to deal with the transmission of +ability of the very highest order, as the data in hand do not furnish +the required material, nor will the conclusions be re-examined at +length that I published many years ago in "Hereditary Genius." Still, +some explanation is desirable to show the complexity of the +conditions that are concerned with the hereditary transmission of the +highest ability, which, for the moment, will be considered as the +same thing as the highest fame. + +It has often been remarked that the men who have attained pinnacles +of celebrity failed to leave worthy successors, if any. Many +concurrent causes aid in producing this result. An obvious one is +that such persons are apt to be so immersed in their pursuit, and so +wedded to it, that they do not care to be distracted by a wife. +Another is the probable connection between severe mental strain and +fertility. Women who study hard have, as a class--at least, according +to observant caricaturists--fewer of the more obvious feminine +characteristics; but whether this should be considered a cause or a +consequence, or both, it is difficult to say. A third, and I think +the most important, reason why the children of very distinguished +persons fall sometimes lamentably short of their parents in ability +is that the highest order of mind results from a fortunate mixture of +incongruous constituents, and not of such as naturally harmonize. +Those constituents are _negatively_ correlated, and therefore the +compound is unstable in heredity. This is eminently the case in the +typical artistic temperament, which certainly harmonizes with +Bohemianism and passion, and is opposed to the useful qualities of +regularity, foresight, and level common sense. Where these and +certain other incongruous faculties go together in well-adjusted +proportions, they are capable of achieving the highest success; but +their heritage is most unlikely to be transmitted in its entirety, +and ill-balanced compounds of the same constituents are usually of +little avail, and sometimes extraordinarily bad. A fourth reason is +that the highest imaginative power is dangerously near lunacy. If +one of the sanest of poets, Wordsworth, had, as he said, not +unfrequently to exert strength, as by shaking a gate-post, to gain +assurance that the world around him was a reality, his mind could not +at those times have been wholly sane. Sanity is difficult to define, +except negatively; but, even though we may be convinced of the truths +of the mystic, that nothing is what it seems to be, the +above-mentioned conduct suggests temporary insanity. It is sufficient +to conclude, as any Philistine would, that whoever has to shake a +gate-post to convince himself that it is not a vision is dangerously +near madness. Mad people do such things; those who carry on the work +of the world as useful and law-abiding citizens do not. I may add +that I myself had the privilege of hearing at first hand the +narrator's own account of this incident, which was much emphasized by +his gestures and tones. Wordsworth's unexpected sally was in reply to +a timid question by the late Professor Bonamy Price, then a young +man, concerning the exact meaning of the lines in his famous "Ode to +Immortality," "not for these I raise the song of praise; but for +those obstinate _questionings of sense and outward things_," etc. + +I cannot speak from the present returns, but only from my own private +knowledge of the somewhat abnormal frequency with which eccentricity, +or other mental unsoundness, occurs in the families of very able +scientific men. Lombroso, as is well known, strongly asserted the +truth of this fact, but more strongly, as it seems to myself, than +the evidence warrants. + +It is, therefore, not in the highest examples of human genius that +heredity can be most profitably studied, men of high, but not of the +highest, ability being more suitable. The only objection to their use +is that their names are, for the most part, unfamiliar to the public. + +The vastness of the social world is very imperfectly grasped by its +several members, the large majority of the numerous persons who have +been eminent above their far more numerous fellows, each in his own +special department, being unknown to the generality. The merits of +such men can be justly appreciated only by reference to records of +their achievements. Let no reader be so conceited as to believe his +present ignorance of a particular person to be a proof that the +person in question does not merit the title of noteworthy. + +I said what I have to say about the modern use of the word "genius" +in the preface to the second edition of my "Hereditary Genius." It +has only latterly lost its old and usual meaning, which is preserved +in the term of an "ingenious" artisan, and has come to be applied to +something akin to inspiration. This simply means, as I suppose, +though some may think differently, that the powers of unconscious +work possessed by the brain are abnormally developed in them. The +heredity of these powers has not, I believe, been as yet especially +studied. It is strange that more attention has not been given until +recently to unconscious brain-work, because it is by far the most +potent factor in mental operations. Few people, when in rapid +conversation, have the slightest idea of the particular form which a +sentence will assume into which they have hurriedly plunged, yet +through the guidance of unconscious cerebration it develops itself +grammatically and harmoniously. I write on good authority in +asserting that the best speaking and writing is that which seems to +flow automatically shaped out of a full mind. + + + + +CHAPTER IV.--PROPORTION OF NOTEWORTHIES TO THE GENERALITY. + + +The materials on which the subject of this chapter depends are too +various to lead to a single definite and trustworthy answer. Men who +have won their way to the front out of uncongenial environments owe +their success principally, I believe, to their untiring energy, and +to an exceptionally strong inclination in youth towards the pursuits +in which they afterwards distinguished themselves. They do not seem +often to be characterized by an ability that continues pre-eminent on +a wider stage, because after they have fully won a position for +themselves, and become engaged in work along with others who had no +early difficulties to contend with, they do not, as a rule, show +greatly higher natural ability than their colleagues. This is +noticeable in committees and in other assemblies or societies where +intellects are pitted against one another. The bulk of existing +noteworthies seem to have had but little more than a fair education +as small boys, during which their eagerness and aptitude for study +led to their receiving favour and facilities. If, in such cases, the +aptitudes are scholastic, a moderate sum suffices to give the boy a +better education, enabling him to win scholarships and to enter a +University. If they lie in other directions, the boy attracts notice +from some more congenial source, and is helped onwards in life by +other means. The demand for exceptional ability, when combined with +energy and good character, is so great that a lad who is gifted with +them is hardly more likely to remain overlooked than a bird's nest in +the playground of a school. But, by whatever means noteworthiness +is achieved, it is usually after a course of repeated and +half-unconscious testings of intelligence, energy, and character, +which build up repute brick by brick. + +If we compare the number of those who achieved noteworthiness through +their own exertions with the numbers of the greatly more numerous +persons whose names are registered in legal, clerical, medical, +official, military, and naval directories, or in those of the titled +classes[A] and landed gentry, or lastly, of those of the immense +commercial world, the proportion of one noteworthy person to one +hundred of the generality who were equally well circumstanced as +himself does not seem to be an over-estimate. + +[A] By a rough count of the entries in Burke's "Peerage, Baronetage + and Knightage," I find that upwards of 24,000 ladies are of + sufficient rank to be included by name in his Table of + Precedence. + + + + +CHAPTER V.--NOTEWORTHINESS AS A MEASURE OF ABILITY. + + +Success is the joint result of the natural powers of mind and body, +and of favourable circumstances. Those of the latter which fall into +definite groups will be distinguished as "environment," while the +others, which evade classification, will be called "accidental." + +The superstitions of old times cling so tenaciously to modern thought +that the words "accident" and "chance" commonly connote some +mysterious agency. Nothing of the kind is implied here. The word +"accident" and the like is used in these pages simply to express the +effect of unknown or unnoted causes, without the slightest +implication that they are unknowable. In most cases their neglect has +been partly due to their individual insignificance, though their +combined effect may be very powerful when a multitude work in the +same direction. Moreover, a trifling pressure at the right spot +suffices to release a hair-trigger and thereby to cause an explosion; +similarly, with personal and social events, a trifling accident will +sometimes determine a career. + +Noteworthiness and success may be regarded statistically as the +outcome of ability and environment and of nothing else, because the +effects of chance tend to be eliminated by statistical treatment. The +question then becomes, How far may noteworthiness be accepted as a +statistical measure of ability? + +Ability and environment are each composed of many elements that +differ greatly in character. Ability may be especially strong in +particular directions as in administration, art, scholarship, or +science; it is, nevertheless, so adaptive that an able man has often +found his way to the front under more than one great change of +circumstance. The force that impels towards noteworthy deeds is an +innate disposition in some men, depending less on circumstances than +in others. They are like ships that carry an auxiliary steam-power, +capable of moving in a dead calm and against adverse winds. Others +are like the ordinary sailing ships of the present day--they are +stationary in a calm, but can make some way towards their destination +under almost any wind. Without a stimulus of some kind these men are +idle, but almost any kind of stimulus suffices to set them in action. +Others, again, are like Arab dhows, that do little more than drift +before the monsoon or other wind; but then they go fast. + +Environment is a more difficult topic to deal with, because +conditions that are helpful to success in one pursuit may be +detrimental in another. High social rank and wealth conduce to +success in political life, but their distractions and claims clash +with quiet investigation. Successes are of the most varied +descriptions, but those registered in this book are confined to such +as are reputed honourable, and are not obviously due to favour. + +In attacking the problem it therefore becomes necessary to fix the +attention, in the first instance, upon the members of some one large, +special profession, as upon artists, leaders in commerce, +investigators, scholars, warriors, and so forth, then to divide these +into subclasses, until more appears to be lost through paucity of +material than is gained through its increasing homogeneity. + +Whatever group be selected, both ability and environment must be +rated according to the requirements of that group. It then becomes +possible, and it is not difficult, to roughly array individuals under +each of these two heads successively, and to label every person with +letters signifying his place in either class. For purposes of the +following explanation, each quality will be distributed into three +grades, determined not by value, but by class place--namely, the +highest third, the medium third, and the lowest third. In respect to +ability, these classes will be called A, B, and C. In respect to +environment, the grades will refer to its helpfulness towards the +particular success achieved, and the classes will be called E, F, G. +It must be clearly understood that the differences between the grades +do not profess to be equal, merely that A is higher than B, and B +than C; similarly as to E, F, and G. The A, B, C may be quite +independent of E, F, G, or they may be correlated. Both cases will +be considered. + +Ability and Environment being mutually helpful towards success, the +successes statistically associated with AE will be reckoned higher +than those associated with AF. Again, for simplicity of explanation +only, it will here be assumed that Ability and Environment are +equally potent in securing success. Any other reasonable relation +between their influences may be substituted for the purpose of +experiment, but the ultimate conclusion will be much the same. + + TABLE I.--COMBINATIONS OF ABILITY AND ENVIRONMENT. + + +-------------+-------------+-------------+ + | AE. I. | AF. I. | AG. II. | + +-------------+-------------+-------------+ + | BE. I. | BF. II. | BG. III. | + +-------------+-------------+-------------+ + | CE. II. | CF. III. | CG. III. | + +-------------+-------------+-------------+ + +First, suppose Ability and Environment to be entirely independent, A +being as frequently associated with E as it is with F or with G; +similarly as regards B and C, then the nine combinations shown in +Table I. will be equally frequent. These tabular entries fall into +three equal groups. The three that lie in and about the upper +left-hand corner contain the highest constituents--namely, either +_high_ combined with _high_, or one _high_ with one _medium_. They +produce Successes of Grade I. The three in the middle diagonal band +running between the lower left and the upper right corners are either +one _high_ and one _low_, or both are _medium_; they will produce +Successes of Grade II. The three in and about the right-hand corner +are either one _medium_ with one _low_, or both are _low_; they will +produce Successes of Grade III. This is still more clearly seen by +sorting the results into Table II., from which it is clear that a +high grade of Success is statistically associated with a high, but +less, grade of Ability, a medium with a medium, and a low grade of +Success with a low, but less low, grade of Ability. + + TABLE II.--ABILITY INDEPENDENT OF ENVIRONMENT. + _____________________________________________________________________ +| | | | +| Grades of | | | +| Success. | Contributory Combinations. | Corresponding Abilities. | +|___________|_____________________________|___________________________| +| | | | | | | | +| I. | AE | AF | BE | 2 of A | 1 of B | -- | +| II. | AG | BF | CE | 1 of A | 1 of B | 1 of C | +| III. | CG | BG | CF | -- | 1 of B | 2 of C | +|___________|_________|_________|_________|_________|________|________| + +Secondly, suppose A, B, C to be correlated with E, F, G, so that A is +more likely to be associated with E than it is with F, and much more +likely than with G. Similarly, C is most likely to be associated with +G, less likely with F, and least likely with E. The general effect of +these preferences will be well represented by divorcing the couples +which differ by two grades--namely, AG and CE, by re-mating their +constituents as AE and CG, and by re-sorting them, as in Table III. +The couples that differ by no more than one grade are left +undisturbed. The results now fall into five grades of Success, in +four of which each grade contains two-ninths of the whole number, and +one, the medium Grade 3, contains only one-ninth. + +As remarked previously, the grades are not supposed to be separated +by equal steps. They are numbered in ordinary numerals to distinguish +them from those in Table II. + + TABLE III.--ABILITY CORRELATED WITH ENVIRONMENT. + _____________________________________________________________________ +| | | | +| Grades of Success. | Contributory | Corresponding Abilities. | +| | Combinations. | | +|____________________|_______________|________________________________| +| | | | | | | +| 1 | AE | AE | 2 of A | -- | -- | +| 2 | AF | BE | 1 of A | 1 of B | -- | +| 3 | BF | -- | -- | 1 of B | -- | +| 4 | BG | CF | -- | 1 of B | 1 of C | +| 5 | CG | CG | -- | -- | 2 of C | +|____________________|_______|_______|__________|__________|__________| + +It clearly appears from this table that the effect of correlation +between Ability and Environment is to increase, and not to diminish, +the closeness of association between Success and Ability. Indeed, if +the correlation were perfect, Success would become an equal measure +_both_ of Ability and of Favourableness of Environment. + +These arguments are true for each and every branch of Success, and +are therefore true for all: Ability being construed as Appropriate +Ability, and Environment as Appropriate Environment. + +The general conclusion is that Success is, statistically speaking, a +magnified, but otherwise trustworthy, sign of Ability, high Success +being associated with high, but not an equally high, grade of +Ability, and low with low, but not an equally low. A few instances to +the contrary no more contradict this important general conclusion +than a few cases of death at very early or at very late ages +contradict the tables of expectation of life of a newly-born infant. + + + + +CHAPTER VI.--NOMENCLATURE OF KINSHIP. + + +Specific kinships are such as "paternal uncle" or "maternal uncle," +as distinguished from the general term "uncle." The phrase "first +cousin" covers no less than eight specific kinships (four male and +four female), not taking the issue of mixed marriages into account. +Specific kinships are briefly expressed by a nomenclature in which +_fa_, _me_, _bro_, _si_, _son_, _da_, _Hu_, _Wi_, stand respectively +for _father_, _mother_, _brother_, _sister_, _son_, _daughter_, +_Husband_, _Wife_. Each of these syllables is supposed to have the +possessive _'s_ added to it whenever it is followed by another +syllable of the set, or by the word _is_ when it is not. _Example_: +Let the person from whom the kinships are reckoned be called _P_, and +let _Q_ and _R_ be two of _P_'s kinsfolk, described respectively as +_fa bro_ and _me si son_. That means that _P's father's brother_ is +_Q_, and that _P's mother's sister's son_ is _R_. It is a simple and +easily intelligible nomenclature, and replaces intolerable verbiage +in the description of distant kinships. My correspondents used it +freely, and none of them spoke of any difficulty in understanding it. +Its somewhat babyish sound is soon disregarded. + + TABLE IV.--ABBREVIATIONS. + ______________________________________________________________________ +| | | +| Males. | Females. | +|_________________________________|____________________________________| +| | | +| Grandfather, paternal _fa fa_ | Grandmother, paternal _fa me_ | +| " maternal _me fa_ | " maternal _me me_ | +| Father _fa_ | Mother _me_ | +| Uncle, paternal _fa bro_ | Aunt, paternal _fa si_ | +| " maternal _me bro_ | " maternal _me si_ | +| | | +| Brother _bro_ | Sister _si_ | +| | | +| Son _son_ | Daughter _da_ | +| Nephew, brother's son _bro son_ | Niece, brother's daughter _bro da_ | +| Nephew, sister's son _si son_ | Niece, sister's daughter _si da_ | +| | | +| Male first cousins: | Female first cousins: | +| 1. Son of paternal | 1. Dau. of paternal | +| uncle _fa bro son_ | uncle _fa bro da_ | +| 2. Son of maternal | 2. Dau. of maternal | +| uncle _me bro son_ | uncle _me bro da_ | +| 3. Son of paternal | 3. Dau. of paternal | +| aunt _fa si son_ | aunt _fa si da_ | +| 4. Son of maternal | 4. Dau. of maternal | +| aunt _me si son_ | aunt _me si da_ | +|_________________________________|____________________________________| + +Those relationships that are expressed by different combinations of +these letters differ _specifically_; therefore, in saying, in the +next chapter, that each person has "roughly, on the average, one +fertile relative in each and every form of specific kinship," it +means in each and every combination of the above syllables that is +practically possible. + +Relationship may also be expressed conveniently for some purposes in +Degrees of remoteness, the number of the Degree being that of the +number of syllables used to express the specific kinship. + + + + +CHAPTER VII.--NUMBER OF KINSFOLK IN EACH DEGREE. + + +The population may be likened to counters spread upon a table, each +corresponding to a different individual. The counters are linked +together by bands of various widths, down to mere threads, the widths +being proportional to the closeness of the several kinships. Those in +the first degree (_father_, _mother_, _brother_, _sister_, _son_, +_daughter_) are comparatively broad; those in the second degree +(_grandparent_, _uncle_, _aunt_, _nephew_, _niece_, _grandchild_) are +considerably narrower; those in the third degree are very narrow +indeed. Proceeding outwards, the connections soon become thinner than +gossamer. The person represented by any one of these counters may be +taken as the subject of a pedigree, and all the counters connected +with it may be noted up to any specified width of band. In this book +one of the counters is supposed to represent a Fellow of the Royal +Society, whose name appears in the "Year-Book" of that Society for +1904, and the linkage proceeds outwards from him to the third degree +inclusive. Usually it stops there, but a few distant kinships have +been occasionally inserted chiefly to testify to a prolonged +heritage of family traits. + +The intensity with which any specified quality occurs in each or any +degree of kinship is measured by the proportion between the numbers +of those who possess the quality in question and the total number of +persons in that same degree. Particular inquiries were made on the +latter point, but, as already stated, the answers were incomplete. +There is, however, enough information to justify three conclusions of +primary importance to the present inquiry--namely, the _average_ +number (1) of brothers of the subject, (2) of brothers of his father, +and (3) of brothers of his mother. + +The number of Fellows to whom circulars were addressed was 467. The +number of those who gave useful replies was 207, a little more than +one-half of whom sent complete returns of the numbers of their +brothers and uncles; some few of these had, however, placed a query +here or there, or other sign of hesitation. As the number of +completely available returns scarcely exceeded 100, I have confined +the following tables to that number exactly, taking the best of the +slightly doubtful cases. It would have been possible, by utilizing +partial returns and making due allowances, to have obtained nearly +half as many again, but the gain in numbers did not seem likely to be +compensated by the somewhat inferior quality of the additional data. + +The first three lines of Table V. show that there is no significant +difference between the average numbers of brothers and sisters, nor +between those of fathers' brothers and fathers' sisters, nor again +between those of mothers' brothers and mothers' sisters; nor is there +any large difference between those of male and female cousins, but it +is apparently a fact that the group of "brothers" is a trifle smaller +than that of uncles on either side. It seems, therefore, that the +generation of the Subjects contains a somewhat smaller number of +individuals than that of either of their Parents, being to that +extent significant of a lessening population so far as their class is +concerned. + + TABLE V.--NUMBER OF KINSFOLK IN ONE HUNDRED FAMILIES WHO + SURVIVED CHILDHOOD. + ______________________________________________________________________ +| | | | | | +| Generic | Specific | Number of | Specific | Number of | +| Kinships. | Kinships. | Persons. | Kinships. | Persons. | +|_______________|_______________|___________|______________|___________| +| | | | | | +|Brothers and | _bro_ | 206 | _si_ | 207 | +| sisters | | | | | +|_______________|_______________|___________|______________|___________| +| | | | | | +|Uncles and | _fa bro_ | 228 | _fa si_ | 207 | +| aunts | _me bro_ | 219 | _me si_ | 238 | +|_______________|_______________|___________|______________|___________| +| | | | | | +| | Mean | 224 | Mean | 223 | +|_______________|_______________|___________|______________|___________| +| | | | | | +|First cousins, | _fa bro son_ | 265 | _fa bro da_ | 302 | +| male and | _fa si son_ | 184 | _fa si da_ | 208 | +| female | _me bro son_ | 236 | _me bro da_ | 266 | +| | _me si son_ | 237 | _me si da_ | 246 | +|_______________|_______________|___________|______________|___________| + +It may seem at first sight surprising that a brother and a sister +should each have the same average number of brothers. It puzzled me +until I had thought the matter out, and when the results were +published in "Nature," it also seems to have puzzled an able +mathematician, and gave rise to some newspaper controversy, which +need not be recapitulated. The essence of the problem is that the sex +of one child is supposed to give no clue of any practical importance +to that of any other child in the same family. Therefore, if one +child be selected out of a family of brothers and sisters, the +proportion of males to females in those that remain will be, _on the +average_, identical with that of males to females in the population +at large. It makes no difference whether the selected child be a boy +or a girl. Of course, if the conditions were "given a family of three +boys and three girls," each boy would have only two brothers and +three sisters, and each girl would have three brothers and two +sisters, but that is not the problem. + +Subject to this explanation, the general accuracy of the observed +figures which attest the truth of the above conclusion cannot be +gainsaid on theoretical grounds, nor can the conclusions be ignored +to which they lead. They enable us to make calculations concerning +the average number of kinsfolk in each and every specified degree in +a stationary population, or, if desired, in one that increases or +decreases at a specified rate. It will here be supposed for +convenience that the average number of males and females are equal, +but any other proportion may be substituted. The calculations only +regard its fertile members; they show that every person has, on the +average, about one male fertile relative in each and every form of +specific kinship. + +Kinsfolk may be divided into direct ancestry, collaterals of all +kinds, and direct descendants. As regards the direct ancestry, each +person has one and only one ancestor in each specific degree, one +_fa_, one _fa fa_, one _me fa_, and so on, although in each _generic_ +degree it is otherwise; he has two grandfathers, four +great-grandfathers, etc. With collaterals and descendants the average +number of _fertile_ relatives in each specified degree must be +stationary in a stationary population, and calculation shows that +number is approximately _one_. The calculation takes no cognizance of +infertile relatives, and so its results are unaffected by the detail +whether the population is kept stationary by an increased birth-rate +of children or other infertiles, accompanied by an increased +death-rate among them, or contrariwise. + +The exact conclusions were ("Nature," September 29, 1904, p. 529), +that if 2_d_ be the number of children in a family, half of them _on +the average_ being male, and if the population be stationary, the +number of fertile males in each specific ancestral kinship would be +_one_, in each collateral it would be _d_-œ, in each descending +kinship _d_. If 2_d_ = 5 (which is a common size of family), one of +these on the average would be a fertile son, one a fertile daughter, +and the three that remained would leave no issue. They would either +die as boys or girls or they would remain unmarried, or, if married, +would have no children. + +The reasonable and approximate assumption I now propose to make is +that the number of fertile individuals is not grossly different to +that of those who live long enough to have an opportunity of +distinguishing themselves. Consequently, the calculations that apply +to fertile persons will be held to apply very roughly to those who +were in a position, so far as age is concerned, to achieve +noteworthiness, whether they did so or not. Thus, if a group of 100 +men had between them 20 noteworthy paternal uncles, it will be +assumed that the total number of their paternal uncles who reached +mature age was about 100, making the intensity of success as 20 to +100, or as 1 to 5. This method of roughly evading the serious +difficulty arising from ignorance of the true values in the +individual cases is quite legitimate, and close enough for present +purposes. + + + + +CHAPTER VIII.--NUMBER OF NOTEWORTHY KINSMEN IN EACH DEGREE. + + +The materials with which I am dealing do not admit of adequately +discussing noteworthiness in women, whose opportunities of achieving +distinction are far fewer than those of men, and whose energies are +more severely taxed by domestic and social duties. Women have +sometimes been accredited in these returns by a member of their own +family circle, as being gifted with powers at least equal to those of +their distinguished brothers, but definite facts in corroboration of +such estimates were rarely supplied. + +The same absence of solid evidence is more or less true of gifted +youths whose scholastic successes, unless of the highest order, are a +doubtful indication of future power and performance, these depending +much on the length of time during which their minds will continue to +develop. Only a few of the Subjects of the pedigrees in the following +pages have sons in the full maturity of their powers, so it seemed +safer to exclude all relatives who were of a lower generation than +themselves from the statistical inquiry. This will therefore be +confined to the successes of fathers, brothers, grandfathers, uncles, +great-uncles, great-grandfathers, and male first cousins. + +Only 207 persons out of the 467 who were addressed sent serviceable +replies, and these cannot be considered a fair sample of the whole. +Abstention might have been due to dislike of publicity, to inertia, +or to pure ignorance, none of which would have much affected the +values as a sample; but an unquestionably common motive does so +seriously--namely, when the person addressed had no noteworthy +kinsfolk to write about. On the latter ground the 260 who did not +reply would, as a whole, be poorer in noteworthy kinsmen than the 207 +who did. The true percentages for the 467 lie between two limits: +the upper limit supposes the richness of the 207 to be shared by the +260; the lower limit supposes it to be concentrated in the 207, the +remaining 260 being utterly barren of it. Consequently, the upper +limit is found by multiplying the number of observations by 100 and +dividing by 207, the lower by multiplying by 100 and dividing by 467. +These limits are unreasonably wide; I cannot guess which is the more +remote from the truth, but it cannot be far removed from their mean +values, and this may be accepted as roughly approximate. The +observations and conclusions from them are given in Table VII., p. xl. + + + + +CHAPTER IX.--MARKED AND UNMARKED DEGREES OF NOTEWORTHINESS. + + +Persons who are technically "noteworthy" are by no means of equal +eminence, some being of the highest distinction, while others barely +deserve the title. It is therefore important to ascertain the amount +of error to which a statistical discussion is liable that treats +everyone who ranks as noteworthy at all on equal terms. The problem +resembles a familiar one that relates to methods for electing +Parliamentary representatives, such as have been proposed at various +times, whether it should be by the coarse method of one man one vote, +or through some elaborate arrangement which seems highly preferable +at first sight, but may be found on further consideration to lead to +much the same results. + +In order to test the question, I marked each noteworthy person whose +name occurs in the list of sixty-six families at the end of this book +with 3, 2, or 1, according to what I considered his deserts, and soon +found that it was easy to mark them with fair consistency. It is not +necessary to give the rules which guided me, as they were very often +modified by considerations, each obvious enough in itself, but +difficult to summarize as a whole. Various provisional trials were +made; I then began afresh by rejecting a few names as undeserving any +mark at all, and, having marked the remainder individually, found +that a total of 657 marks had been awarded to 332 persons; 117 of +them had received 3 marks; 101, 2 marks; 104, 1 mark; so the three +subdivisions were approximately equal in number. The marks being too +few to justify detailed treatment, I have grouped the kinsmen into +first, second, and third degrees, and into first cousins, the latter +requiring a group to themselves. The first degree contains father and +brothers; the second, grandfathers and uncles; the third, +great-grandparents and great-uncles. The results are shown in Table +VI. The marks assigned to each of the groups are given in the first +line (total 657), and the number of the noteworthy persons in each +group who received any mark at all is shown in the third line (total +329). In order to compare the first and third lines of entries on +equal terms, those in the first were multiplied by 329 and divided by +657, and then entered in the second line. The closeness of +resemblance between the second and third lines emphatically answers +the question to be solved. There is no significant difference between +the results of the marked and the unmarked observations. The reason +probably is that the distribution of triple, double, and single marks +separately is much the same in each of the groups, and therefore +remains alike when the three sets of marks are in use at the same +time. It is thus made clear that trouble taken in carefully marking +names for different degrees of noteworthiness would be wasted in such +a rough inquiry as this. + + TABLE VI.--COMPARISON OF RESULTS WITH AND WITHOUT + MARKS IN THE SIXTY-FIVE FAMILIES. + ___________________________________________________________________ +| | | | | | | +| | First | Second | Third | First | Total | +| | Degree.| Degree.| Degree.| Cousins.| | +|______________________|________|________|________|_________|_______| +| | | | | | | +|Number of marks | 225 | 208 | 102 | 122 | 657 | +| assigned | | | | | | +|______________________|________|________|________|_________|_______| +| | | | | | | +|Number of marks | | | | | | +| reduced | | | | | | +| proportionately | 113 | 104 | 51 | 61 | 329 | +|Number of individuals | | | | | | +| unmarked | 110 | 112 | 46 | 61 | 329 | +|______________________|________|________|________|_________|_______| +| | | | | | | +| Mean | 111 | 108 | 49 | 61 | 329 | +|______________________|________|________|________|_________|_______| + +Table VII., in the next chapter, affords an interesting illustration +of the character of the ignorance concerning the noteworthiness of +kinsmen in distant degrees, showing that it is much lessened when +they bear the same surname as their father, or even as the maiden +surname of their mother. The argument is this: Table V. has already +shown that _me bros_ are, speaking roughly, as frequently noteworthy +as _fa bros_--fifty-two of the one to forty-five of the other--so +noteworthiness is so far an equal characteristic of the maternal and +paternal lines, resembling in that respect nearly all the qualities +that are transmitted purely through heredity. There ought, therefore, +to be as many persons recorded as noteworthy in each of the four +different kinds of great-grandparents. The same should be the case in +each of the four kinds of great-uncles. But this is not so in either +case. The noteworthy great-grandfathers, _fa fa fa_, who bear the +same name as the subject are twice as numerous as the _me fa fa_ who +bear the maiden surname of the mother, and more than five times as +numerous as either of the other two, the _fa me fa_ and _me me fa_, +whose surnames differ from both, unless it be through some accident, +whether of a cross marriage or a chance similarity of names. It is +just the same with the great-uncles. Now, the figures for +great-grandfathers and great-uncles run so closely alike that they +may fairly be grouped together, in order to obtain a more impressive +whole--namely, two sorts of these kinsmen, bearing the same name as +the Subject, contain between them 23 noteworthies, or 11.50 each; two +sorts having the mother's maiden surname contain together 11 +noteworthies, or 5.50 each; four sorts containing between them 7 +names, or an average of 1.75 each. These figures are self-consistent, +being each the sum of two practically equal constituents, and they +are sufficiently numerous to be significant. The remarkable +differences in their numbers, 11.50, 5.50, 1.75, when they ought to +have been equal, has therefore to be accounted for, and the +explanation given above seems both reasonable and sufficient. + + + + +CHAPTER X.--CONCLUSIONS. + + +The most casual glance at Table VII. leaves no doubt as to the rapid +diminution in the frequency of noteworthiness as the distance of +kinship to the F.R.S. increases, and it would presumably do the same +to any other class of noteworthy persons. + +In drawing more exact conclusions, the returns must be deemed to +refer not to a group of 207 F.R.S., because they are not a fair +sample of the whole body of 467, and, for reasons already given, they +are too rich in noteworthiness for the one and too poor for the +other. They will, therefore, be referred to the number that is the +mean of these two limits--namely, to 337. I am aware of no obvious +guidance to any better hypothesis. + +The value of the expectation that noteworthiness would be found in +any specified kinsman of an F.R.S., of whom nothing else is known, +may be easily calculated from Table VII. on the two hypotheses +already mentioned and justified: (1) That the figures should be taken +to refer to 337, and not to 207; (2) that 1 per cent. of the +generality are noteworthy--that is to say, there are 3.37 +noteworthies to every 337 persons of the generality. + + TABLE VII.--NUMBER OF NOTEWORTHY KINSMEN RECORDED + IN 207 RETURNS. + __________________________________________________________ + | | || | | + | Kinship. | Numbers || Kinship. | Numbers | + | | Recorded.|| | Recorded. | + |_________________|__________||________________| __________| + | | || | | + | _fa_ | 81 || --- | --- | + | _bro_ | 104 || --- | --- | + | | || | | + | _fa fa_ | 40 || _fa fa fa_ | 11 | + | _me fa_ | 42 || _fa me fa_ | 2 | + | _fa bro_ | 45 || _me fa fa_ | 5 | + | _me bro_ | 52 || _me me fa_ | 1 | + | | || | | + | _fa bro son_ | 30 || _fa fa bro_ | 12 | + | _me bro son_ | 19 || _fa me bro_ | 2 | + | _fa si son_ | 28 || _me fa bro_ | 6 | + | _me si son_ | 22 || _me me bro_ | 2 | + |_________________|__________||________________|___________| + +Thus, for the fathers of F.R.S., 81 are recorded as noteworthy, +against 3.37 of fathers of the generality--that is, they are 24.1 +times as numerous. For the first cousins of F.R.S. there are 99 +noteworthies, divided amongst four kinds of male first-cousins, or +24.75 on an average to each kind, against the 3.37 of the +generality--that is, they are 7.3 times as numerous. + +On this principle the expectation of noteworthiness in a kinsman of +an F.R.S. (or of other noteworthy person) is greater in the following +proportion than in one who has no such kinsman: If he be a father, 24 +times as great; if a brother, 31 times; if a grandfather, 12 times; +if an uncle, 14 times; if a male first cousin, 7 times; if a +great-great-grandfather on the paternal line, 3œ times. + +The reader may work out results for himself on other hypotheses as to +the percentage of noteworthiness among the generality. A considerably +larger proportion would be noteworthy in the higher classes of +society, but a far smaller one in the lower; it is to the bulk, say, +to three-quarters of them, that the 1 per cent. estimate applies, the +extreme variations from it tending to balance one another. + +The figures on which the above calculations depend may each or all of +them be changed to any reasonable amount, without shaking the truth +of the great fact upon which Eugenics is based, that able fathers +produce able children in a much larger proportion than the +generality. + + * * * * * + +The parents of the 207 Fellows of the Royal Society occupy a wide +variety of social positions. A list is given in the Appendix of the +more or less noteworthy parents of those Fellows whose names occur in +the list of sixty-six families. The parents are classified according +to their pursuits. Many parents of the other Fellows in the 207 +families were not noteworthy in the technical sense of the word, but +were reported to be able. It was also often said in the replies that +the general level of ability among the members of the family of the +F.R.S. was high. Other parents were in no way remarkable, so the +future Fellow was simply a "sport," to use the language of +horticulturists and breeders, in respect to his taste and ability. It +is to be remembered that "sports" are transmissible by heredity, and +have been, through careful selection, the origin of most of the +valuable varieties of domesticated plants and animals. Sports have +been conspicuous in the human race, especially in some individuals of +the highest eminence in music, painting, and in art generally, but +this is not the place to enter further into so large a subject. It +has been treated at length by many writers, especially by Bateson and +De Vries, also by myself in the third chapter of "Natural +Inheritance" and in the preface to the second edition of "Hereditary +Genius." + + + + +NOTEWORTHY FAMILIES OF + +FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY + +LIVING IN 1904. + + + +#AVEBURY#, Lord. See LUBBOCK. + + + +#BALFOUR#, Right Hon. Arthur James (b. 1848), P.C., etc., F.R.S., + Leader of the House of Commons, 1895; Prime Minister, 1902; + President of the British Association, 1904; author of "The + Foundations of Belief." [For fuller references, see "Who's Who" + and numerous other biographies.] + +_bro_, Francis Maitland BALFOUR (1851-1882), F.R.S., Professor of +Animal Morphology at Cambridge; brilliant investigator in embryology; +gold medal, Royal Society, 1881; killed by a fall in the Alps. + +_bro_, Right Hon. Gerald W. BALFOUR (b. 1853), P.C., Fellow of +Trinity College, Cambridge; President of the Board of Trade, 1902. + +_si_, Eleanor Mildred (Mrs. Henry SIDGWICK), Principal of Newnham +College, Cambridge. + +_si_, Evelyn, wife of LORD RAYLEIGH, F.R.S., and mother of Hon. +Robert John STRUTT, F.R.S. (q.v.). + +_me bro_, 3rd Marquis of SALISBURY, Robert A.T. GASCOIGNE-CECIL +(1830-1903), K.G., P.C., etc., F.R.S.; eminent statesman; Prime +Minister, 1885-1886, 1886, 1895-1903; Chancellor of the University of +Oxford; President of the British Association, 1894; in earlier life +essayist and critic; also an experimenter in electricity. + +It is difficult to distinguish those in the able family of the Cecils +whose achievements were due to sheer ability from those who were +largely helped by social influence. A second _me bro_ and five _me +bro sons_ are recorded in "Who's Who." + + + +Sir Robert Stawell #BALL#, LL.D., F.R.S. (b. 1840), Lowndean Prof. + of Astronomy and Geometry, Cambridge; Fellow of King's College, + Cambridge; Member of the Council of the Senate; Director of the + Cambridge Observatory since 1892; Royal Astronomer of Ireland, + 1874-1892; Ex-President of Royal Astronomical Soc., Mathematical + Assoc., and of Royal Zoological Soc. of Ireland; author of many + works on astronomical, mathematical, and physical + subjects.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa_, Robert BALL (1802-1857), Hon. LL.D., Trinity Coll., +distinguished naturalist; Secretary of Royal Zoological Soc. of +Ireland; President of Geological Soc. of Ireland; Director of +Trinity Coll. Museum, 1844.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_bro_, Valentine BALL, LL.D., C.B., F.R.S. (1843-1895); on staff of +Geological Survey of India, 1864-1880; Prof. of Geology and +Mineralogy in the University of Dublin, 1880-1882; Director and +Organizer of National Museum, Dublin, 1882-1895; author of "Jungle +Life in India," of an elaborate treatise on the economic geology of +India, and of "Diamonds and Gold of India."--["Obit. Notice, P.R.S.," +1895.] + +_bro_, Sir Charles Bent BALL, M.D., M.Ch., F.R.C.S.I., Hon. F.R.C.S., +England; Regius Professor of Surgery, Univ. of Dublin; Surgeon to Sir +Patrick Dun's Hospital, and Honorary Surgeon to the King in Ireland; +author of various surgical works.--["Who's Who."] + +_me bro son_, Ames HELLICAR, the successful manager of the leading +bank in Sydney, N.S.W. + + + +Thomas George #BARING#, first Earl of NORTHBROOK (1826-1904), P.C., + D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S.; Under-Secretary of State for India, Home + Department, and for War; Viceroy of India, 1872-1876; First Lord + of the Admiralty, 1880-1885.--["Who's Who," and "Ency. Brit."] + +_fa fa fa_, Sir Francis BARING (1710-1810), Chairman of East India +Company, 1792-1793; created baronet 1793.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa fa bro_, Alexander BARING, first Baron ASHBURTON (1774-1848), +financier and statesman; head for many years of Baring Brothers and +Co.; member of Sir Robert Peel's Cabinet of 1835; raised to peerage +1835; Commissioner to U.S.A., 1842, for Settlement "Ashburton Treaty" +of Boundary Dispute.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me me_, Hon. Lady GREY, née WHITBREAD (1770-1858), prominent in +every work of Christian philanthropy during twenty-four years in the +Commissioner's house in Plymouth, afterwards in Ireland.--["Record" +newspaper, May 26, 1858.] + +_fa_, Francis Thornhill BARING (1786-1866), first Baron NORTHBROOK, +double first at Oxford, 1817; First Lord of the Admiralty.--["Dict. +N. Biog."] + +_fa bro_, Thomas BARING (1799-1873), financier; refused +Chancellorship of Exchequer, also a peerage; head for many years of +Baring Brothers and Co.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa bro_, Charles BARING (1807-1879), double first at Oxford, 1829; +Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol, 1856, of Durham, 1861.--["Dict. N. +Biog."] + +_fa fa bro son_, Evelyn BARING (b. 1841), first Earl CROMER, P.C., +son of H. Baring, M.P.; passed first into staff college from Royal +Artillery; made successively Baron, Viscount, and Earl, for services +in Egypt.--["Who's Who," and "Ency. Brit."] + +_fa fa si son_, Henry LABOUCHERE (1798-1869), first Baron TAUNTON, +first-class "Greats" at Oxford; Cabinet Minister under Lord Melbourne +and Lord John Russell; raised to peerage 1859.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me bro_, Sir George GREY (1799-1882), Home Secretary 1846-1852, +1855-1858, 1861-1866; carried the Bill that abolished transportation. + +_me fa bro_, Charles GREY (1764-1845), second Earl GREY, Prime +Minister; carried the Reform Bill.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me si son_, Sir Edward JENKINSON (b. 1835), K.C.B., Private +Secretary to Lord Spencer when Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.--["Who's +Who."] + +Descended from _fa fa fa bro_, Rev. S. BARING-GOULD (b. 1834), +author of numerous novels and works on theology and history.--["Who's +Who."] + + + +William Thomas #BLANFORD#, LL.D., F.R.S.; (1832-1905), on staff of + Geological Survey of India, 1855-1882; accompanied Abyssinian + Expedition and Persian Boundary Commission; sometime President of + Geological Society and of Asiatic Soc. of Bengal, also of + Geological Section British Assoc.; author of works dealing with + the geology and zoology of Abyssinia, Persia, and India.--["Who's + Who."] + +_fa_, William BLANFORD, established a manufacturing business in +London, and was a founder, and for many years Chairman, of the Thames +Plate Glass Company. + +_me bro_, Alfred SIMPSON, established a large and successful +manufacturing business in Adelaide, S. Australia. + +_bro_, Henry Francis BLANFORD, F.R.S., for many years at the head of +the Indian Meteorological Department, which he originally organized. + + + +Right Hon. Charles #BOOTH# (b. 1840), P.C., F.R.S., economist and + statistician; President of the Royal Statistical Soc., 1892-1894; + originated and carried through a co-operative inquiry in minute + detail into the houses and occupations of the inhabitants of + London, which resulted in the volumes "Life and Labour of the + People of London"; author of memoirs on allied subjects. ["Ency. + Brit.," xxvi. 306; "Who's Who."] + +_fa fa_, Thomas BOOTH, successful merchant and shipowner at +Liverpool. + +_fa bro_, Henry BOOTH (1788-1869), railway projector; co-operated +with Stephenson in applying steam to locomotion, published much +relating to railways, and invented mechanical contrivances still in +use on railways; secretary and then railway director.--["Dict. N. +Biog.," v. 382.] + +_fa bro_, James BOOTH (1796-1880), C.B., Parliamentary draughtsman; +became Permanent Secretary to the Board of Trade. + +_me si son_, Charles CROMPTON, Fourth Wrangler, Q.C., and for some +years M.P. for the Leek Division of Staffordshire. + +_me si son_, Henry CROMPTON, a leader in the Positivist Community; +authority on Trades Union Law, and author of "Industrial +Conciliation." + +_me si son_, Sir Henry Enfield ROSCOE, F.R.S. (q.v.) + + + +Robert Holford Macdowall #BOSANQUET#, F.R.S. (b. 1841). Fellow of + St. John's Coll., Oxford; author of many mathematical and + physical memoirs, chiefly in the "Philosophical Magazine." + +_fa fa bro_, Sir John Bernard BOSANQUET (1773-1847), Judge of Common +Pleas, 1830; Lord Commissioner of Great Seal, 1835-1836.--["Dict. N. +Biog."] + +_bro_, Bernard BOSANQUET (b. 1848), Prof. of Moral Philosophy, St. +Andrews, since 1903; formerly Fellow of University Coll., Oxford; +worked in connection with Charity Organization Society; author of +many books on philosophy.--["Who's Who."] + +_bro_, Vice-Admiral Day Hort BOSANQUET (b. 1843), +Commander-in-Chief West Indian Station since 1904; previously +Commander-in-Chief East Indian.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa son_, Charles Bertie Pulleine BOSANQUET (b. 1834), a founder +and the first secretary of the Charity Organization Society. + +_me fa bro_, Hay MACDOWALL (d. 1806), Commander-in-Chief of Madras +Presidency. + +_fa son son_, Robert Carr BOSANQUET (b. 1871), archæologist, +director of British School of Archæology at Athens. + +_me si son_, Ralph DUNDAS, head of large and influential firm of +Dundas and Wilson, Writers to the Signet, Edinburgh. His relatives on +his father's side include his-- + + _fa_, John DUNDAS, worked up the business of Dundas and Wilson + into its present position. + + _fa fa son_, Sir David DUNDAS (1799-1877), Judge-Advocate-General + and Privy Councillor, 1849.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + + _fa fa son_, George DUNDAS, Judge in Scotch Courts under the + title of Lord MANOR. + + _fa fa son son_, David DUNDAS, K.C. (b. 1854), Judge in Scotch + Courts under the title of Lord DUNDAS; Solicitor-General for + Scotland, 1903.--["Who's Who."] + + + +James Thomson #BOTTOMLEY# (Hon. LL.D., Glasgow), D.Sc., F.R.S., + electrical engineer (1870-1899); Arnott and Thomson, Demonstrator + in the University of Glasgow.--["Who's Who."] + +_me fa_, James THOMSON. + +_me bro_, William THOMSON, Lord Kelvin, F.R.S. + +_me bro_, James THOMSON, F.R.S. + +See THOMSON for the above. + + + +Sir Dietrich #BRANDIS# (b. 1824), K.C.I.E., F.R.S., Superintendent + of Forests, British Burmah, 1856-1864; Inspector-General of + Forests to the Government of India, 1864-1883.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa fa_, Joachim Dietrich BRANDIS, born at Hildesheim, where his +ancestors had governed the town as Burgemeister for centuries; +practised medicine at Brunswick, Driburg, and Pyrmont; Professor of +Pathology at Kiel; ultimately physician to the Queen of Denmark. + +_fa_, Christian August BRANDIS, secretary of the Prussian Legation in +Rome, 1818; afterwards Professor of Philosophy at Bonn; went to +Athens, 1837-1839, as confidential adviser to King Otho, partly with +regard to the organization of schools and colleges in Greece; author +of a "History of Greek Philosophy." + +_me bro_, Friedrich HAUSMANN, Professor of Mineralogy and Geology at +Göttingen; author of a "Handbook of Mineralogy." + +_bro_, Johannes BRANDIS, for many years Kabinetsrath of H.M. Empress +Augusta, Queen of Prussia. + +_me si son_, Julius VON HARTMANN, commanded a cavalry division in the +Franco-German War; after the war was Governor of Strasburg. + + + +Alexander Crum #BROWN# (b. 1838), M.D., D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S., + Professor of Chemistry at Edinburgh University since 1869; + president of the Chemical Soc., London, 1892-1893.--["Who's + Who."] + +_fa fa fa_, John BROWN (1722-1787), of Haddington, Biblical +commentator; as a herd boy taught himself Latin, Greek, and learned +Hebrew with the aid of a teacher, at one time a pedlar; served as a +soldier in the Edinburgh garrison, 1745; minister to the Burgher +congregation at Haddington, 1750-1787; acted as Professor of Divinity +to Burgher students after 1767.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa fa_, John BROWN (1754-1832), Scottish divine; minister of Burgher +church at Whitburn, 1776-1832; wrote memoirs of James Hervey, 1806, +and many religious treatises.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa_, John BROWN (1784-1858), minister of Burgher church at Biggor, +1806; of Secession Church at Edinburgh, 1822; D.D., 1830; Professor +of Exegetics Secession Coll., 1834, and in United Presbyterian Coll. +1847; author of many exegetical commentaries.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me bro_, Walter CRUM, F.R.S., manufacturer at Thornliebank, near +Glasgow; a successful man of business and a very able chemist. + +_fa son_, John BROWN (1810-1882), M.D., practised in Edinburgh with +success; author of "Horæ Subsecivæ," "Rab and his Friends."--["Dict. +N. Biog."] + +_fa si son_, Robert JOHNSTONE (b.1832), D.D., LL.B., Professor of +New Testament Literature and Exegesis in the United Free Church +Coll., Aberdeen; has published works on the New Testament.--["Who's +Who."] + +_si son_, Charles STEWART-WILSON, Postmaster-General, Punjab, since +1899.--["India List."] + +_me bro son_, Alexander CRUM, managing director of the "Thornliebank +Co.," for some time M.P. for Renfrewshire. + + + +Sir James Crichton #BROWNE# (b. 1840), M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., Lord + Chancellor's Visitor in Lunacy since 1875; Vice-President and + Treasurer Royal Institution since 1889; author of various works + on mental and nervous diseases.--["Who's Who."] + +_me fa_, Andrew BALFOUR, successful printer in Edinburgh; +collaborated with Sir David Brewster in production of the "Edinburgh +Encyclopædia," the forerunner of the "Ency. Brit."; one of the +leaders of the Free Church disruption. + +_fa_, William Alexander Francis BROWNE, F.R.S.E., physician; largely +instrumental in introducing humane methods for the treatment of the +insane into Scotland; was appointed First Scotch Commissioner in +Lunacy; author of works on mental diseases. + +_me bro_, John Hutton BALFOUR (1808-1884), M.D., LL.D., F.R.S. and +F.R.S.E., Professor of Botany at Glasgow, 1841; and at Edinburgh, +1845; wrote botanical text-books.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_bro_, John Hutton BALFOUR-BROWNE, K.C. (b. 1845), Leader of the +Parliamentary Bar; Registrar and Secretary to Railway Comm., 1874; +author of numerous legal works.--["Who's Who."] + +_me bro son_, Isaac Bayley BALFOUR, M.D., D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S. (b. +1853), King's Botanist in Scotland; Regius Keeper of Royal Botanic +Garden, Edinburgh; Professor of Botany at Glasgow and at Oxford, and +since 1888 at Edinburgh.--["Who's Who."] + + + +Sir John Scott #BURDON-SANDERSON#, Bart., cr. 1899, M.D., D.C.L., + LL.D., D.Sc., F.R.S.; held a succession of important offices, + beginning with Inspector Med. Dep. Privy Council, 1860-1865; + Superintendent Brown Institution, 1871-1878; Professor of + Physiology University Coll., London, 1874-1882; in Oxford, + 1882-1895; President Brit. Assoc., 1893; Regius Professor of + Medicine at Oxford, 1895-1904; served on three Royal Commissions; + author of many physiological memoirs.--["Ency. Brit.," xxvi. 464; + "Who's Who."] + +_fa fa_, Sir Thomas BURDON, Kt., several times Mayor of Newcastle, +knighted for his services in quelling a riot. + +_me fa_, Sir James SANDERSON, Bart., M.P., Lord Mayor of London; a +successful merchant. + +_fa_, Richard BURDON-SANDERSON, graduated first class and gained +Newdigate prize; Fellow of Oriel Coll., Oxford; was Secretary to Lord +Chancellor Eldon. + +_bro_, Richard BURDON-SANDERSON, the first promoter of the +"Conciliation Board" of coal-owners and colliers at +Newcastle-on-Tyne, and of the first reformatory in Northumberland. + +_si son_, Rt. Hon. Richard Burdon HALDANE (b. 1856), P.C., M.P., +high honours at Edinburgh and three other Scotch universities; author +of "Life of Adam Smith" and of "Memoirs on Education."--["Who's +Who."] + +_si son_, John Scott HALDANE (b. 1860), q.v., M.D., F.R.S., +University Lecturer on Physiology at Oxford; joint editor and founder +of "Journal of Hygiene."--["Who's Who."] + +_si da_, Elizabeth Sanderson HALDANE (q.v.). + +_More distant kinsmen and connections:_ + +_fa me bro_, John SCOTT, first Earl of ELDON (1751-1838), famous Lord +Chancellor of England.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa me bro_, William SCOTT (1745-1836), first Baron STOWELL, eminent +maritime and international lawyer; judge of High Court of Admiralty, +(1798-1828).--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_wife's bro_, FARRER, first Lord HERSCHELL, Lord Chancellor of +England. + + + +Charles #CHREE#, Sc.D. (Camb.), LL.D. (Aberdeen), F.R.S. (1860), + Superintendent Observatory Department, National Physical Lab.; + graduated Aberdeen, 1879, obtaining gold medal awarded to the + most distinguished graduate in Arts of the year; Sixth Wrangler, + Cambridge, 1883; first division Math. Tripos, Part III.; first + class Natural Sciences Tripos, Part II.; and Fellow of King's + College, 1885; re-elected as Research Fellow, 1890.--["Who's + Who."] + +_fa_, Charles CHREE, Hon. D.D. Aberdeen University; for many years +clerk to Presbytery of Meigle, and convener of committee for +examining divinity students in St. Andrew's University. Had +considerable reputation in Church of Scotland for general +scholarship, and especially for knowledge of Hebrew. + +_bro_, William CHREE, after graduating with first class mathematical +honours at Aberdeen University, obtained a "Fullerton" mathematical +scholarship. In addition to prizes in mathematics and physics at +Aberdeen, obtained also prizes in Latin, natural history, and moral +philosophy. At Edinburgh University was awarded either first or +second prizes in Scots Law, conveyancing, civil law, public law, and +constitutional history. Practises as advocate at Scotch Bar. + +_bro_, Alexander Bain CHREE, died young, having graduated at Aberdeen +University with first class honours in mathematics, obtaining prizes +in mathematics, physics, Latin, Greek, moral philosophy, and natural +history. + +_si_, Jessie Search CHREE, obtained two prizes and honours in at +least four subjects (French, logic, Latin, physics) in the Edinburgh +University local examinations. + + + +Arthur Herbert #CHURCH# (b. 1834), F.R.S., D.Sc., Professor of + Chemistry at Royal Academy of Arts since 1879; discoverer of + turacin, also of churchite and other new minerals; President of + the Mineralogical Society, 1898-1901; author of various works on + English pottery and porcelain, on precious stones, on food, and + on the chemistry of paints and painting.--["Who's Who."] + +_bro_, Henry Francis CHURCH (1824-1899), solicitor, Chief Clerk in +Chancery, and Master of the High Court of Judicature. + +_bro_, Alfred John CHURCH (Rev.), (b. 1829), Headmaster of Henley +and of Retford Grammar Schools; Professor of Latin at Univ. Coll., +London, 1880-1888; prize poem, Oxford, 1883; author of various works +dealing with classical subjects.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa si da son_, Sir John R. SEELEY, K.C.M.G. (1834-1895), Professor +first of Latin at Univ. Coll., London, and afterwards of Modern +History at Cambridge; published in 1865 "Ecce Homo," a work which +attracted immediate attention and provoked a storm of controversy; +also works on history and political science.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + + + +Sydney Monckton #COPEMAN#, F.R.S., M.D. (Camb.), Medical Inspector + Local Government Board; Member of Council of Epidemiological + Society; Research Scholar and Special Commissioner British + Medical Association; recipient of many gold medals and prizes of + importance.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa fa fa_, Peter COPEMAN, founder, with his brother Robert, of +Copeman's Bank, Aylsham, Norfolk (now incorporated with Barclay's); +successful merchant. + +_fa_, Arthur Charles COPEMAN, M.B., London; gold medallist in anatomy +and physiology, University of London; entered Army Medical Service on +the nomination of the Chancellor of the University; subsequently +entered the Church, and became Hon. Canon of Norwich Cathedral; for +many years Chairman of Norfolk and Norwich Hospital, and of Norwich +School Board and Board of Guardians. + +_fa bro_, Edward COPEMAN, M.D., Aberdeen; President British Medical +Association; consulting physician to Norfolk and Norwich Hospital; +author and inventor of gynæcological instruments and of special +methods of operation. + + + +James Henry #COTTERILL#, F.R.S. (b. 1836), Lecturer and + subsequently Vice-Principal of the Royal School of Naval + Architecture, South Kensington; Professor of Applied Mechanics at + the Royal Naval Coll., Greenwich, 1873-1897.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa bro_, Thomas COTTERILL, eminent clergyman at Sheffield; A.B., +Cambridge, 1801.--["Grad. Cant."] + +_bro_, Joseph Morthland COTTERILL, D.D. (hon. causa), St. Andrew's +University. + +_fa son_, Henry COTTERILL, Senior Wrangler, 1835; second classic, +Fellow of St. John's Coll., Cambridge; Bishop of Edinburgh.--["Grad. +Cant."] + +_bro son_, Joseph M. COTTERILL (b. 1851), Surgeon to Edinburgh +Royal Infirmary, Lecturer at Edinburgh School of Medicine.--["Who's +Who."] + +_bro son_, Arthur COTTERILL, Head of Permanent Way Department +Egyptian Railway Administration. + +_fa bro son_, Thomas COTTERILL, third wrangler, 1832; fellow of St. +John's Coll., Cambridge; one of the earliest members of the London +Mathematical Soc., to which he contributed many papers of +importance.--["Grad. Cant."] + + + +George Howard #DARWIN# (b. 1845), F.R.S., second wrangler, 1868; + Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy, + Cambridge; author of many papers in the "Philosophical + Transactions" relating to tides, physical astronomy, and cognate + subjects; President of British Association in 1905 at Cape + Town.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa fa fa_, Erasmus DARWIN, M.D., F.R.S. (1731-1802), physician, +poet, and philosopher; author of "Botanic Garden," "Zoonomia," and +other works, in which he maintained a view of evolution subsequently +expounded by Lamarck.--["Life," by Ch. R. Darwin, and "Dict. N. +Biog."] + +_fa fa_, Robert Waring DARWIN (1766-1848), M.D., F.R.S., sagacious +and distinguished physician; described by his son, Charles R. Darwin, +as "the wisest man I ever knew."--["Life and Letters of Charles R. +Darwin," i. 10-20.] + +_fa fa bro_, Charles DARWIN (1758-1778), of extraordinary promise, +gained first gold medal of Æsculapian Society for experimental +research; died from a dissection wound, aged twenty; many obituary +notices.--["Life and Letters of Charles R. Darwin," i. 7.] + +_fa bro_, Erasmus DARWIN. (See Carlyle's inexact description, and the +appreciations of him by his brother and others, in "Life and Letters +of Charles R. Darwin," i. 21-25.) + +_fa_, Charles Robert DARWIN (1809-1882), F.R.S., the celebrated +naturalist. The dates of his works are "Voyage of the _Beagle_," +1840; "Origin of Species," 1859; followed by a succession of eight +important volumes ranging from 1862 to 1881, each of which confirmed +and extended his theory of descent. Among the very numerous +biographical memoirs it must suffice here to mention "Life and +Letters," by Francis Darwin, and "Dict. N. Biog." + +_me me fa_, Josiah WEDGWOOD, F.R.S. (1730-1795), the famous founder +of the pottery works.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me me bro_, Thomas WEDGWOOD (1771-1805), an experimenter in early +life, and in one sense the first to create photography; a martyr to +ill-health later. Sydney Smith knew "no man who appeared to have +made such an impression on his friends," his friends including many +of the leading intellects of the day.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me fa fa_ (she was her husband's _fa bro dau_), Josiah WEDGWOOD, +F.R.S.; see above. + +_me bro_, Hensleigh WEDGWOOD (1803-1891), author of "Etymological +Dictionary" and of other works, partly mathematical.--["Dict. N. +Biog."] + +_me bro dau_, Julia WEDGWOOD, essayist. + +_bro_, Francis DARWIN (b. 1848), F.R.S., botanist; biographer of +his father; reader in botany at Cambridge, 1876-1903; foreign sec. +Royal Society. Author of botanical works and memoirs.--["Who's Who."] + +_bro_, Major Leonard DARWIN (b. 1850), late R.E., second in the +examination of his year for Woolwich; served on several scientific +expeditions, including transit of Venus of 1874 and 1882; Staff +Intelligence Dep. War Office, 1885-1890; M.P. for Lichfield, +1892-1895. Author of "Bimetallism," "Municipal Trade."--["Who's +Who."] + +_bro_, Horace DARWIN (b. 1851), F.R.S., engineer and mechanician; +joint founder of the Cambridge Scientific Instrument Company and its +proprietor. It is now a limited company, of which he is +chairman.--["Who's Who."] + +_More distant relation:_ + +_fa fa si son_, Francis GALTON, F.R.S. (q.v.). + + + +Sir John #EVANS# (b. 1823), K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., Sc.D., F.R.S., + President of the Royal Numismatic Society since 1874; trustee of + the British Museum; treasurer and vice-president of the Royal + Society during twenty years; has been president of numerous + learned societies; author of works on the coins of the Ancient + Britons, and on their stone and bronze implements.--["Who's Who," + and "Ency. Brit."] + +_fa fa_, Lewis EVANS (1755-1827), F.R.S., F.A.S., mathematician; +first Mathematical Master of R.M.A., Woolwich.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa_, Arthur Benoni EVANS (1781-1854), D.D., miscellaneous writer; +Professor of Classics and History, R.M.C., 1805-1822; headmaster of +Market Bosworth Grammar School, 1825-1854.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me bro_ and _wi fa_, John DICKINSON (1782-1869), F.R.S., inventor of +paper-making machine. + +_bro_, Sebastian EVANS, LL.D., poet, artist, and author. + +_si_, Anne EVANS (1820-1870), poet and musician, composer.--["Dict. +N. Biog."] + +_son_, Arthur John EVANS (b. 1851), D.Litt. (Oxon), Hon. D.Litt. +(Dublin), Hon. LL.D. (Edinburgh), F.R.S., Keeper of Ashmolean Museum, +Oxford, since 1884; in 1893 started investigations in Crete, which +resulted in the discovery of the pre-Phoenician script; in +1900-1905 excavated the prehistoric palace of Knossos.--["Who's +Who."] + +_me bro son_ and _wi bro_, John DICKINSON (1815-1876), writer on +India, and founder of Indian Reform Society, 1853.--["Dict. N. +Biog."] + + + +Right Hon. Sir Edward #FRY# (b. 1827), D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., Judge + of High Court, Chancery Division, 1877-1883; Lord Justice of + Appeal, 1883-1892; President of the Royal Com. on the Irish Land + Acts, 1897-1898; Chairman of the Court of Arbitration under the + Metropolitan Water Act, 1902; member of the Permanent Court of + International Arbitration at the Hague; author of a "Treatise on + the Specific Performance of Contracts," of "British Mosses," and + "The Mycetozoa."--["Who's Who."] + +_fa bro_, Francis FRY (1803-1886), member of the firm of J.S. Fry and +Co., Bristol; a great authority on bibliography.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_bro_, Right Hon. Lewis FRY (b. 1832), M.P. for Bristol, 1878-1885; +N. Bristol, 1885-1892, and 1895-1900.--["Who's Who."] + +_bro_, Joseph Storrs FRY, has maintained and extended a large +manufacturing business, and taken an active part in philanthropic +work. + +_fa fa fa_, Joseph FRY (1728-1787), practised medicine in Bristol, +afterwards manufactured cocoa and chocolate; started type-founding +business with William Pine, 1764.--["Dic. N. Biog."] + +_fa fa bro_, Edmund FRY (1754-1835), M.D. of Edinburgh; devoted his +life to the business of type-founding, and to the philological +studies connected with it.--["Dic. N. Biog."] + +_wife_, Mariabella, née HODGKIN, _dau_ of the historian. + + + +Francis #GALTON# (b. 1822), D.C.L., Hon. Sc.D. (Camb.), F.R.S., + traveller, anthropologist and biometrician; author of many works + and memoirs on these and analogous subjects, including + meteorology, heredity, identification by fingerprints; latterly a + promoter of the study of Eugenics. Gold medal R. Geog. Soc., + 1853, for travels in Damaraland, S. Africa; Royal medal, 1886, + and Darwin medal, 1903, of the Royal Soc., for applications of + measurement to human faculty; Huxley medal of the Anthropol. + Institute, 1901.--["Ency. Brit.," and "Who's Who."] + +_fa si_, SCHIMMELPENNINCK (1778-1856), Mrs. Mary Anne, author of +various works, mostly theological, and on the Port Royalists and +Moravians.--["Dic. N. Biog."] + +_fa fa fa_, Samuel GALTON (1720-1799), cultured Quaker +philanthropist, contractor and banker.--[See life of above M.A.S., +and the "Annual Register."] + +_fa me œ bro_, Robert Barclay ALLARDICE (1779-1854), commonly known +as Capt. BARCLAY of Ury, pedestrian, noted for his walking feats, +agriculturist.--["Dic. N. Biog."] + +_me fa_, Erasmus DARWIN, M.D., F.R.S.--See DARWIN. + +_me œ bro son_, Charles Robert DARWIN, F.R.S., the naturalist.--See +DARWIN. + +_si son_, Edward G. WHELER (b. 1850), a founder and president of +the Land Agents' Society; commissioner and estate agent during +sixteen years for 155,000 acres of various descriptions of property. + +_fa bro son_, Sir Douglas GALTON (1822-1901), K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., +F.R.S., passed from Woolwich to Royal Engineers with the best +examination then on record, obtaining first prize in every subject, +1840; Inspector of Railways, and Secretary of Railway Dept., Board of +Trade, 1856; Assistant Inspector-General of Fortifications, 1860; +designed and constructed the Herbert Hospital at Woolwich; Director +of Public Works and Building in H.M. Works, 1870-1875; General +Secretary of British Assoc., 1870-1895; President of it, 1895; +authority on hospital construction, and on the sanitation, +ventilation, etc., of public buildings.--["Dict. N. Biog.," Suppl. +ii.] + +_His kindred by his mother's side are:_ + + _me fa fa_, Jedediah STRUTT (1726-1797), hosiery manufacturer and + cotton spinner; inventor of machine for making ribbed stockings; + partner of Sir Richard Arkwright.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + + _me fa_, Joseph STRUTT (1765-1844), first Mayor of Derby, 1835, + and donor of the arboretum; great friend of the poet Thomas + Moore.--["Dict. N. Biog.," and "Life and Letters" of T. Moore.] + + _me fa bro_, William STRUTT (1756-1830), ingenious mechanician + and inventor; friend of Erasmus Darwin, R.L. Edgeworth, Robert + Owen, Joseph Lancaster, Samuel Bentham Dalton, etc.; originator + and designer of the first Derby Infirmary.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + + _me fa bro son_, Edward STRUTT (1801-1880), created Baron BELPER, + 1856; M.P., F.R.S.; a philosophical Radical, intimate with + Bentham, the Mills, and Macaulay; Chancellor of the Duchy of + Lancaster, 1852-1854; President of University Coll., London, + 1871.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + + _me fa bro son_, Anthony STRUTT (1791-1875), ingenious + mechanician. + + _me me si son_, Sir Charles FOX (1810-1874), constructing + engineer of London and Birmingham Railway; knighted after + designing Exhibition buildings in Hyde Park, 1851; made first + narrow-gauge line in India; built Berlin Waterworks.--["Dict. N. + Biog."] + + + +Sir Archibald #GEIKIE# (b. 1835), F.R.S., and many foreign + distinctions; Director-General Geological Survey of United + Kingdom, and Director Museum Practical Geology in Jermyn Street, + 1882-1901; medallist of the Royal and other societies; Secretary + of the Royal Society; author of numerous works on geology, also + of biographies of David Forbes, Sir R. Murchison, and Sir A. + Ramsay.--["Who's Who," "Ency. Brit."] + +_fa_, James Stewart GEIKIE (1811-1883), musician and musical critic; +author of much psalmody, and of several well-known Scottish melodies, +such as "My Heather Hills." + +_fa bro_, Walter GEIKIE (1795-1837). R.S.A., painter and draughtsman; +author of "Etchings Illustrative of Scottish Character and +Scenery."--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me bro_, William THOMS, master mariner; subsequently teacher of +navigation in New York; author of an elaborate treatise on +navigation. + +_bro_, James GEIKIE (b. 1839), LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S.; Professor of +Geology and Mineralogy since 1882, and Dean of the Faculty of Science +Edinburgh; author of many works on geology, and of "Songs and Lyrics +by Heinrich Heine."--["Who's Who," and "Ency. Brit."] + +_fa bro son_, Cunningham GEIKIE (b. 1824), LL.D., D.D., a +clergyman; author of many religious works.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa bro son_, Walter Bayne GEIKIE, Professor of Anatomy, and Dean of +Medical Faculty, Trinity Coll., Toronto. + + + +Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Haversham #GODWIN-AUSTEN# (b. 1834), + F.R.S., geologist; Topographical Assistant to the Trigonometric + Survey of India; surveyed the high country and glaciers of + Kashmir and by Ladak, also between Darjeeling and Punakha; + numerous scientific memoirs.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa fa fa_, Robert AUSTEN, archæologist and coin collector; he was +one of the few in his time who understood the value of local maps; a +good surveyor of his own property and neighbourhood. + +_fa fa_, Sir Henry E. AUSTEN, interested in forestry, and planted +largely on his estate; he also knew the value of maps, and had +excellent ones of his property. + +_fa_, Robert Alfred C. GODWIN-AUSTEN (1808-1884), F.R.S., geologist, +took additional surname of Godwin; wrote important papers on the +geology of Devonshire, Southern England, and parts of France. +--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me fa_, Major-General Sir Thomas H. GODWIN (1784-1853), K.C.B., +served in Hanover and the Peninsula, Commander-in-Chief in second +Burmese War.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_bro_, Harold GODWIN-AUSTEN, Assistant-Commissioner to the Andaman +Islands for thirteen years; was selected by Ney Elias to accompany +him on a mission to Yarkand and Kashmir; is now a Deputy Commissioner +in S. India. + +_me_, Maria Elizabeth GODWIN-AUSTEN, was certainly above the average +of women of her time; interested in natural history; drew well in pen +and pencil; was an accomplished musician. + +_si son_, Bertram H.M. HEWETT, civil engineer; surveyed the great +glaciers of the Mustakh Range, Kashmir, and elsewhere; is now in sole +charge of main shaft of tunnel under the river in New York. + + + +Francis #GOTCH# (b. 1853), D.Sc, F.R.S., Waynflete Professor of + Physiology at Oxford; formerly Holt Professor of Physiology at + University Coll., Liverpool; author of many scientific + papers.--["Who's Who."] + +_me fa_, Ebenezer FOSTER, founder of well-known banking firm of +Messrs. Foster, Cambridge. + +_fa_, Fredrick William GOTCH, LL.D., late President of Baptist +College, Bristol; Hebrew scholar; member of committee for the +authorized version of the Old Testament. + +_fa bro son_, Thomas Cooper GOTCH (b. 1854), well-known +painter.--["Who's Who."] + +_wi bro_, Sir Victor HORSLEY (q.v.) + + + +Right Hon. Sir Mountstuart Elphinstone #GRANT DUFF# (b. 1829), + G.C.S.I., P.C., F.R.S., sometime Under-Secretary of State for + India and the Colonies, and Governor of Madras; has been Lord + Rector of Aberdeen University, and president of many learned + societies; King's Trustee of British Museum since 1903; author + of political, literary, and biographical works.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa_, James GRANT DUFF (1789-1858), while still a lieutenant, aged +twenty-eight, reduced the Sattara State to order after the overthrow +of the Peishwa, and restored it to the descendant of its ancient +princes, whom he guided as resident till his health broke down at the +age of thirty-three. Returning to this country, he wrote the "History +of the Mahrattas."--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me fa_, Sir Whitelaw AINSLIE (1767-1837), surgeon in the East India +Company's service, 1788-1815; published "Materia Medica of +Hindoostan," and other works.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_son_, Arthur Cuninghame GRANT DUFF (b. 1861), lately First +Secretary to H.M.'s Legation, Mexico. + +_son_, Evelyn Mountstuart GRANT DUFF (b. 1863), First Secretary to +H.M.'s Legation, Persia. + +_son_, Adrian GRANT DUFF (b. 1869), Staff-Captain (Intelligence +Dept.) Army Headquarters. + + + +John Scott #HALDANE# (b. 1860), F.R.S., University Lecturer in + Physiology, Oxford; joint editor and founder of "Journal of + Hygiene"; has served on several departmental committees, and + carried out special inquiries for Government departments; author + of "Blue Books on the Cause of Death in Colliery Explosions," + 1895; "Ankylostomiasis in Mines," 1902-1903, etc.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa fa_, James Alexander HALDANE (1768-1851), in the East India +Company's naval service till 1797; then devoted himself to itinerary +evangelization in Scotland; author of several theological +treatises.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa fa bro_, Robert HALDANE (1764-1842), in the Royal Navy till 1797; +sold his estate in Stirlingshire to devote the proceeds to missions +in India, but was prevented by the Government from carrying out this +scheme. Carried on evangelistic work in Geneva and the South of +France, and co-operated in Scotland with his brother, endowing places +of worship and training young ministers. Wrote several theological +treatises.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa bro_, Daniel Rutherford HALDANE (1824-1887), M.D., LL.D., +President of Edinburgh College of Physicians.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me bro_, Sir John BURDON-SANDERSON, Bart, M.D., F.R.S., +etc.--(q.v.) + +_bro_, Rt. Hon. Richard Burdon HALDANE, P.C., M.P., LL.D., a +distinguished politician; author of books on philosophy.--["Who's +Who."] + +_si_, Elizabeth Sanderson HALDANE, authoress of "Life of Ferrier," +translator of Hegel's "History of Philosophy"; promoter of education +and of reforms in Scotland. + +_fa bro son_, Alexander Chinnery HALDANE, LL.D., Bishop of Argyll and +the Isles. + +_fa bro son_, Lieutenant-Colonel James Aylmer Lowthorpe HALDANE (b. +1862), D.S.O., served with distinction in Chitral, Tirah, and South +Africa, and has won rapid promotion; author of "How we Escaped from +Pretoria."--["Who's Who."] + +_me fa me bro_, John SCOTT, first Earl of ELDON (1751-1838), famous +Lord Chancellor of England.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me fa me bro_, William SCOTT, first Baron STOWELL (1745-1836), Judge +of High Court of Admiralty.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa fa me bro_, Adam DUNCAN (1731-1804), cr. Viscount DUNCAN of +CAMPERDOWN 1797, after the Battle of Camperdown, in which he defeated +the Dutch Admiral, De Winter.--["Dict. N. Biog.," and "Life," by his +great-grandson, the present Earl of Camperdown.] + +_fa me me bro_, Sir Ralph ABERCROMBY (1734-1801), General; served +with distinction in Flanders, 1795; commanded expedition against +French in West Indies, 1795; commanded troops in Mediterranean, 1800; +defeated French at Alexandria, where he died of his wounds.--["Dict. +N. Biog."] + +_fa me me bro_, Sir Robert ABERCROMBY (1740-1827), General; Governor +and Commander-in-Chief, Bombay, 1790; reduced Tippoo Sultan, 1792; +conducted second Rohilla War.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + + + +William Abbott #HERDMAN# (b. 1858), D.Sc., F.R.S., P.L.S., General + Secretary of British Association, Professor of Natural History, + University of Liverpool, since 1881; has worked particularly at + marine biology; was one of the founders of the Port Erin + Biological Station, and of the seafish hatchery at Piel; was sent + to Ceylon 1901-1902 to investigate the pearl oyster fishery for + the Government (results published by the Royal Society, + 1903-1905); author of numerous zoological works.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa me_, Sophia HERDMAN, great ability and strength of character +shown by the way she brought up her four sons, after having been left +a widow early in life. + +_fa_, Robert HERDMAN (1829-1888), R.S.A., well known in Scotland as a +portrait and historical painter; also a good Greek scholar, an +antiquary, and student of Shakespearian literature.--["Dict. N. +Biog."] + +_fa bro_, William HERDMAN, Presbyterian minister at Rattray; an +antiquary, good botanist, and geologist. + +_fa bro_, James Chalmers HERDMAN, D.D. (hon.), Presbyterian minister +of Melrose; a popular preacher and convener of foreign missions. + +_fa bro son_, James Chalmers HERDMAN, D.D. (hon.), occupies a leading +position in the Scottish Church in Canada. + + + +Sydney John #HICKSON# (b. 1859), F.R.S., D.Sc., Professor of + Zoology, Owens Coll., Manchester, since 1894; author of "A + Naturalist in North Celebes," "The Fauna of the Deep Sea," "The + Story of Life in the Seas," and many scientific memoirs.--["Who's + Who."] + +_fa bro_, William Edward HICKSON (1803-1870), educational writer; +author of "Time and Faith," etc.; editor of "Westminster Review," +1840-1852.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me bro_, Sir Sydney Hedley WATERLOW (b. 1822), K.C.V.O., first +Bart., Lord Mayor of London, 1872-1873; M.P. for co. Dumfries, +1868-1869; Maidstone, 1874-1880; Gravesend, 1880-1885; very active +philanthropist.--["Who's Who."] + +_me bro son_, Sir Ernest WATERLOW (b. 1850), R.A., President Royal +Society Painters in Water-colours.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa si da_ and _me bro da_, Mrs. Ruth HOMAN, educationalist; member +of London School Board; co-opt. member Education Committee L.C.C. + + + +Leonard #HILL#, F.R.S. (b. 1866), Hunterian Professor Royal College + Surgeons, previously Demonstrator of Physiology, Oxford, and + Assistant-Professor of Physiology, University Coll., London; + author of books and memoirs on physiology.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa fa_, Arthur HILL, headmaster of Bruce Castle School; reformer of +education. + +_fa_, G. Birkbeck HILL, author of many books on eighteenth-century +literature. + +_fa bro_, Edward Bernard Lewin HILL (b. 1834), C.B., retired as +senior Assistant-Secretary-General Post Office.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa bro_, Sir John Edward Gray HILL (b. 1839), President of the +Incorporated Law Society, and of the International Law Association, +1903-1904; author of "With the Beduins" and papers on various +subjects connected with maritime law, etc.--["Who's Who."] + +_me bro_, Sir John SCOTT (b. 1841), K.C.B., judge in the High +Court, Bombay; appointed to reform administration of criminal law in +Egypt.--["Who's Who."] + +_bro_, Norman HILL, Secretary to the Shipping Association; a +distinguished Liverpool lawyer, and writer and authority on the +Economics of Shipping. + +_fa fa fa_, Thomas Wright HILL (1736-1851), school-master and +stenographer.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa fa bro_, Sir Rowland HILL (1795-1879), inventor of penny postage; +as Chairman of the Brighton Railway introduced express and excursion +trains, 1843-1846.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa fa bro_, Edwin HILL (1793-1876), inventor and author; supervisor +of stamps at Somerset House; with Mr. De la Rue invented machine for +folding envelopes; exhibited 1851.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa fa bro_, Matthew Davenport HILL (1792-1872), first recorder of +Birmingham; reformer of criminal law and of the treatment of +criminals.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + + + +Sir Joseph Dalton #HOOKER# (b. 1817), G.C.S.I., F.R.S., President + Royal Society, 1872-1877, eminent botanist and traveller; + director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, 1855-1865; naturalist to + H.M.S. "Erebus" in Antarctic expedition, 1839-1843; botanical + travels in the Himalaya, 1847-1851; Morocco and Atlas in 1871; + California and Rocky Mountains, 1877; many botanical + publications, including "Genera Plantarum."--["Ency. Brit.," + xxix., 324; "Who's Who."] + +_me fa_, Dawson TURNER, F.R.S. (1775-1858).--See PALGRAVE. + +_fa_, Sir William Jackson HOOKER (1758-1865), F.R.S., eminent +botanist; director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, which he greatly +extended and threw open to the public, and where he founded the +museum of economic botany; Regius Professor of Botany, Glasgow, 1820; +knighted 1847; many botanical publications.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me si sons_, the four brothers PALGRAVE.--See PALGRAVE. + + + +Sir Victor A. Haden #HORSLEY#, F.R.S., M.D. (b. 1857), eminent + surgeon and operator; Professor-Superintendent of Brown + Institution, 1884-1890; Professor of Pathology University + College, 1893-1896. + +_fa fa_, William HORSLEY (1774-1858), Mus. Bac. Oxford, musical +composer, especially of glees, and writer on musical topics. +--["Dict. N. Biog.," and Grove's "Dict. of Music."] + +_me fa_, Charles Thomas HADEN, a rising London physician, who +initiated a treatment for gout, much noted at the time (d. young in +1823).--[Unpublished information.] + +_fa_, John Callcott HORSLEY, R.A., distinguished painter.--["Who's +Who."] + +_fa bro_, Charles Edward HORSLEY (1822-1876), composer of oratorios; +best known in America; author of "Text-book of Harmony."--["Dict. N. +Biog.," and Grove's "Dict. of Music."] + +_me bro_, Sir F. Seymour HADEN (b. 1818), surgeon. Founder and +President of the Royal Society of Painter-Etchers. A well-known +sanitarian, especially in respect to the disposal of the dead. Grand +Prix, Paris, 1889 and 1900; many publications.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa si son_, Isambard BRUNEL, Chancellor to the Diocese of Ely; +ecclesiastical barrister. + +_Ancestors in more remote degrees:_ + +_fa me fa_, John Wall CALLCOTT (1766-1821), composer, mainly of glees +and catches; published "Musical Grammar," 1806.--["Dict. N. Biog.," +and Grove's "Dict. of Music."] + +_fa me fa bro_, Sir Augustus Wall CALLCOTT, R.A. (1779-1844), +distinguished painter, mainly of landscapes; knighted, 1837.--["Dict. +N. Biog."] + +_me fa fa_, Thomas HADEN, the principal doctor and three times Mayor +of Derby.--[Unpublished information.] + +_wife_, née BRAMWELL. + +_wife's fa_, Sir Frederick BRAMWELL, Bart. (1818-1903), F.R.S., +eminent engineer; President British Association, 1888; Pres. +Institution of Civil Engineers, 1884-1885; Hon. Sec. Royal +Institution.--["Who's Who."] + +_wife's fa bro_, Lord BRAMWELL (1808-1902), Judge, 1856; Lord +Justice, 1876-1881; raised to peerage, 1882.--["Dict. N. Biog.," +Suppl. i.] + + + +John #JOLY# (b. 1858), D.Sc., F.R.S., Professor of Geology and + Mineralogy in the University of Dublin since 1897; has published + many contributions to the Royal Soc., Royal Dublin Soc., + etc.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa fa_, Henry Edward JOLY, divine and physician; is credited with +scientific medical views in advance of his time. + +_me fa_, Frederick, Comte de LUSI, statesman, author and linguist; +resident Minister of the King of Prussia in London, St. Petersburg, +Greece, etc.; made one of the earliest ascents of Mont Blanc, in +1816. + +_fa_, John Plunket JOLY (Rev.), accomplished as a painter of bird, +insect, and plant life; left a remarkable collection of pictures +behind him; died early. + +_me bro_, Frederick, Comte de LUSI, soldier; distinguished himself +in the German-Danish War of 1848; decorated for valour in saving the +life of General Halkett. + +_fa bro_, Jasper Robert JOLY, remarkable precosity as a boy; obtained +distinguished college successes in classics in his thirteenth year at +Trinity Coll., Dublin. Devoted his life to the collection of Hogarth +and Bewick, upon whom he was an authority. + +_fa si_, Mary JOLY, died young; left a remarkable collection of +minutely accurate paintings of birds and flowers. + +_me fa fa_, Spiridion, Comte de LUSI, the founder of the de Lusi +family, ennobled by Frederick the Great for statesmanship.--["Percy +Anecdotes."] + + + +#KELVIN#, Lord.--See WILLIAM THOMPSON. + + + +Alfred Bray #KEMPE# (b. 1849), F.R.S., Chancellor of the Dioceses + of Newcastle, Southwell, and St. Albans; Treasurer and + Vice-President of the Royal Society from 1899; has published + works on mathematics.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa fa_, Alfred John KEMPE (1784-1846), distinguished antiquary; +published works on Holwood Hill, Kent, and St. Martin-le-Grand +Church, London.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa_, John Edward KEMPE (b. 1810), late Rector of St. James's, +Piccadilly; Hon. Chaplain to the King since 1901.--["Who's Who."] + +_bro_, John Arrow KEMPE, C.B. (b. 1846), Comptroller and +Auditor-General.--["Who's Who."] + +_bro_, Harry Robert KEMPE (b. 1852), Principal Technical Officer of +the Postal Telegraph Department; author of "Handbook of Electrical +Testing," and other works which have gone through many editions; for +many years editor of "Electrical Review."--["Who's Who."] + +_bro son_, Edward KEMPE, Captain and Gold Medallist, Radley School; +scholar of Lincoln Coll., Oxford; editor of "The Huia," New Zealand. + +_fa fa si_, Anna Eliza BRAY, née KEMPE (1790-1883), historical +novelist; completed "Monumental Effigies of Great Britain," commenced +by her first husband, Charles Alfred Stothard.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +[For further particulars see "A History of the Kempe and Kemp +Families."] + + + +Edwin Ray #LANKESTER# (b. 1847), LL.D., F.R.S., celebrated + zoologist; Director of Natural History Departments, British + Museum, since 1898; Fullerian Professor of Physiology and + Comparative Anatomy, Royal Inst., 1898-1900; Linacre Professor of + Comparative Anatomy, Oxford, 1891-1898; numerous other + distinctions.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa_, Edwin LANKESTER (1814-1874), M.D., F.R.S., Professor of Natural +History, New Coll., London, 1850; Medical Officer of Health for +parish of St. James's, Westminster, and Coroner for Central +Middlesex; joint editor of "Q.J.M.S.," etc.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me_, Phebe LANKESTER (1825-1900), authoress of "Wild Flowers Worth +Notice"; the popular portion of Sowerby's "British Botany," and many +other publications; also wrote weekly in a newspaper for many years +under the signature of "Penelope." + +_me bro_, Samuel POPE, Q.C., successful leader of the Parliamentary +Bar. + +_bro_, E. Forbes LANKESTER, first class in "Greats," Oxford, 1877; +successful barrister.--["Oxf. Reg."] + +_bro_, S. Rushton LANKESTER, H.M. Consul, Batavia. + +_si_, Fay LANKESTER, Secretary of National Health Society. + +_si_, Marion VATCHER, wife of Rev. Sydney Vatcher, Vicar of St. +Philip's, Stepney. Both well known in connection with East London +organization of help to the poor. + +_si_, Nina LANKESTER, Superintendent of Female Clerks in Money Order +Department of Post Office. + + + +Joseph #LISTER# (b. 1827), created Baronet, 1883; Baron #LISTER#, + 1897; F.R.S., P.C., O.M., and numerous other distinctions; + President Royal Soc., 1896-1900; Professor of Surgery, Glasgow, + 1860-1869, Edinburgh University, 1869-1877, King's Coll., London, + 1877-1893; famous for discovery of antiseptic treatment in + surgery.--["Ency. Brit.," and "Who's Who."] + +_fa_, Joseph Jackson LISTER (1786-1869), F.R.S., optical +investigator, especially in connection with the principles of the +achromatic microscope, also author of contributions to Zoology, Phil. +Trans.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_bro_, Arthur LISTER (b. 1830), F.R.S.; botanist; author of +monograph on the Mycetozoa.--["Who's Who."] + +_bro son_, Joseph Jackson LISTER, F.R.S., biologist; Fellow of St. +John's Coll., Cambridge.--["Who's Who."] + +_bro son_, Arthur Hugh LISTER, Ass. Phys., Aberdeen Infirmary; +obtained "three stars" at University examination, Aberdeen. + +_bro da_, Gulielma LISTER, contributed papers to "Linnæan Journal," +and, in connection with her brother, to "Journal of Botany." + + + +Sir Oliver #LODGE# (b. 1851), F.R.S., D.Sc., London, Oxon, and + Vict., LL.D., St. Andrews and Glasgow; Principal of the + University of Birmingham since 1900; Professor of Physics, + University Coll., Liverpool, 1881-1900; author of various works + on physics, and of articles in the "Hibbert Journal."--["Who's + Who."] + +_fa bro_, Robert J. LODGE, for many years Secretary of the Marine +Insurance Company, and reckoned a man of considerable ability in the +city. + +_bro_, Richard LODGE (b. 1855), Professor of History, Edinburgh, +since 1899; First Professor of History, Glasgow University; author +of "Student's Modern Europe," "Richelieu" (in Foreign Statesmen +Series), and "The Close of the Middle Ages."--["Who's Who."] + +_bro_, Alfred LODGE, Professor of Pure Mathematics at Cooper's Hill. + +_si_, Eleanor Constance LODGE, Sub-head and Lecturer on History in +Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. + +_fa bro son_, George E. LODGE, well-known animal painter and +engraver. + + + +Right Hon. Sir John #LUBBOCK# (b. 1834), created Baron #AVEBURY#, + 1900, P.C., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., banker, head of Robarts, + Lubbock and Co., well known for the part he has taken in public + affairs; has been a member of many Royal Commissions; For. Sec. + R.A., German Order of Merit, Commander Legion of Honour. + Biologist, President at various times of many learned societies; + author of over 100 memoirs in the Transactions of the Royal Soc., + and of numerous literary, scientific, and popular scientific + works.--["Who's Who," and "Ency. Brit."] + +_fa fa_, Sir John LUBBOCK, a leading banker and governor of the Royal +Exchange Assurance Corporation. + +_fa_, Sir John William LUBBOCK (1803-1865), F.R.S., astronomer and +mathematician; Treasurer and Vice-President of the Royal Soc.; First +Vice-Chancellor of the London University; Deputy Governor of Royal +Exchange Ass. Corp.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_bro_, Sir Neville LUBBOCK, K.C.M.G., Chairman West India Committee; +Governor of the Royal Exchange Ass. Corp.; Chairman of New Colonial +Company, etc.--["Who's Who."] + +_bro_, Edgar LUBBOCK, LL.B., director of the Bank of England; law +scholar of University of London; passed first, and obtained +Clifford's Inn prize in Law Soc. Exam.--["Who's Who."] + + + +Sir Francis Leopold #MCCLINTOCK# (b. 1819), K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., + F.R.S.; Admiral retired; Elder Brother of Trinity House; served + in four Arctic voyages; discovered fate of Franklin's expedition, + 1859; author of "The Fate of Sir John Franklin" and "The Voyage + of the _Fox_."--["Who's Who."] + +_fa me_, Patience MCCLINTOCK, née FOSTER, came of a family which +showed in most of its branches a high level of ability, and had +several distinguished members. Thus, reckoning relationships from +her, we find her: + + _fa_, John William FOSTER, M.P. + + _fa bro_, Anthony FOSTER (d. 1778), M.P., Chief Baron of + Exchequer, Ireland. + + _fa bro son_, John FOSTER, Baron ORIEL (1740-1828); Speaker of + Irish House of Commons up to the time of the Union.--["Dict. N. + Biog."] + + _fa bro son_, William FOSTER (d. 1797), D.D., Bishop + successively of Cork, Kilmore, and Clogher. + + _fa bro son son_, John Leslie FOSTER (d. 1842), F.R.S., Irish + Judge; M.P. for Dublin University, etc.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + + _fa bro son son_, Sir Augustus John FOSTER (1780-1848), Bart., + P.C., M.P.; Minister to United States, Denmark, and + Turin.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + + _fa bro son son son_, Vere Henry Lewis FOSTER (1819-1900), + philanthropist and educationalist.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_bro_, Alfred Henry MCCLINTOCK (d. 1881), M.D., LL.D., President +Royal College of Physicians, Ireland. + +_fa bro son_, John MCCLINTOCK, M.P. for Co. Louth for many years; +created Baron RATHONDELL for long political services. + +_me fa_, Ven. George L. FLEURY, Archdeacon of Waterford. + +_me bro_, Rev. Charles Marley FLEURY, a celebrated preacher in +Dublin. + +_son_, Henry Foster MCCLINTOCK, Assistant Private Secretary to Lord +Stanley, Postmaster-General; served with Army Post-Office Corps in +South Africa, and was mentioned in despatches. + +_son_, John William Leopold MCCLINTOCK, Commander Royal Navy; passed +second into the "Britannia." + +_son_, Robert Singleton MCCLINTOCK, Brevet-Major R.E.; scholar at +Charterhouse; served on Sir G. Willcocks' staff in the relief of +Coomassie, 1900, and was mentioned in despatches. + + + +Sir Clements R. #MARKHAM# (b. 1830), K.C.B., F.R.S., President for + many years of the Royal Geograph. Soc.; served in Arctic + Expedition, 1850-1851; travelled in Peru, 1852-1854, bringing + thence cinchona-bearing trees for cultivation in India; + geographer to the Abyssinian Expedition; author and editor of + numerous geographical works.--["Ency. Brit.," xxx. 544; "Who's + Who."] + +_fa fa_, William MARKHAM (1760-1815), scholar; secretary to Warren +Hastings in India. + +_fa bro son_, Lieutenant-General Sir Edwin MARKHAM (b. 1833), +K.C.B., R.E., constant active service.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa bro son_, Admiral Sir Albert MARKHAM (b. 1841), K.C.B., +Commander of the "Alert" in Arctic Expedition, 1875-1876; various +high naval appointments, besides unprofessional work when unemployed +on naval duties.--["Who's Who."] + +_me bro son_, Right Hon. Sir Frederick MILNER, Bart. (b. 1849), +P.C., politician.--["Who's Who."] + +_me si son_, Right Hon. Francis FOLJAMBE (b. 1830), P.C., +politician.--["Who's Who."] + +_me si son_, Right Hon. Sir Edwin EGERTON (b. 1841), P.C., +G.C.M.G., Ambassador at Madrid, then at Rome.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa fa fa_, William MARKHAM (1719-1807), P.C., Archbishop of York; +one of the best scholars of the day; Headmaster of Westminster +School, 1753-1765; Dean of Christ Church; Preceptor to the Royal +Princes, 1771; Archbishop and Lord High Almoner, 1777.--["Dict. N. +Biog.," xxxvi. 172.] + +_fa fa bro_, Admiral John MARKHAM (1761-1827); many services at sea; +twice on Admiralty Board; M.P. for Portsmouth during seventeen years; +proposed and carried appointment of Commission on dockyard abuses, +1806.--["Dict. N. Biog.," xxxvi. 171.] + +_fa fa bro_, George MARKHAM (1763-1823), Dean of York; scholar and +numismatist. + + + +Mervyn Herbert Nevil Story #MASKELYNE# (b. 1823), F.R.S., Hon. + D.Sc., Oxon. Distinguished mineralogist; formerly Keeper of + Minerals in British Museum; Professor of Mineralogy at Oxford, + 1856-1895; M.P. for Cricklade, 1880-1885; for North Wilts, + 1885-1892.--["Who's Who."] + +_me fa_, Nevil MASKELYNE (1732-1811), D.D., F.R.S., Astronomer Royal +for forty-seven years; was the first man to weigh the earth; the +originator of the Nautical Almanac.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa_, Anthony Mervyn Reeve STORY, F.R.S., gained a double +first-class in Lit. Hum. and Mathematics, when nineteen years of age, +at Oxford, in 1810.--["Oxf. Reg."] + +_si son_, John Story MASTERMAN, gained a first-class in Lit. Hum., +1872; Fellow of Brasenose, Oxford.--["Oxf. Reg."] + +_si son_, Herbert Warington SMYTH, Secretary, Mining Dept., +Transvaal; Secretary, Siamese Legation, 1898-1901; Order White +Elephant of Siam, 1897; author of "Five Years in Siam," etc.--["Who's +Who."] + +_si son_, Major Nevill Maskelyne SMYTH, obtained V.C. at Battle of +Khartoum.--["Who's Who."] + +_wife_, née Dillwyn LLEWELYN. + + _wi fa fa_, Lewis Weston DILLWYN (1778-1855), F.R.S., well known + as a botanist; established Cambrian Pottery Works at Swansea; + M.P. for Glamorganshire, 1832-1841.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + + _wi fa_, John Dillwyn LLEWELYN, F.R.S., early experimenter in + photography. + + _wi fa si son_, Traherne MOGGRIDGE, author of "Flora of Mentone," + "Harvesting Ants," and "Trapdoor Spiders." + + _wi me bro_, Christopher Rice Mansel TALBOT, first-class + mathematics, Oxford, 1823; Lord-Lieutenant of Glamorganshire, + M.P., "Father of the House of Commons."--["Oxf. Reg."] + + _wi me me si son_, William Henry Fox TALBOT (1800-1877), F.R.S., + independent inventor of photography, his (wet) processes, + talbotype, etc., being those which have survived in various + forms. He also discovered the direct method of printing by the + autotype process. A distinguished mathematician, he furthermore + was one of the earliest interpreters of cuneiform writing; M.P. + for Chippenham, 1833-1834.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + + + +Raphael #MELDOLA# (b. 1849), F.R.S., Professor of Chemistry in + Finsbury Technical Coll.; discoverer of many new products and + processes in the manufacture of coal-tar dyes; also well known as + a naturalist; has been President of the Entomological Soc. and of + the Essex Field Club.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa fa_, Raphael MELDOLA (1754-1828), invited to London, in 1805, on +account of his fame as a theologian, to preside as High Rabbi over +the London congregation of British Jews belonging to the Spanish and +Portuguese community; author of many theological works.--["Dict. N. +Biog."] + +_fa bro_, David MELDOLA, succeeded his father as chief of the +community, though not given the same high rank; author of theological +works. + +_me bro_, Joseph ABRAHAM, founded a large and successful firm in +Bristol; took a prominent part in municipal affairs, and became the +first Jewish mayor of Bristol. + +_fa si son_, Abram DE SOLA, Professor of Oriental literature in +McGill Coll., Montreal; the only Jewish divine ever invited to open +Congress by the U.S. Government; erudite scholar, and author of +theological works. + +_me bro son_, Harry ABRAHAM, a man of business, and councillor and +Mayor of Southampton. + + + +Louis C. #MIALL# (b. 1842), F.R.S., Professor of Biology, + University, Leeds; Fullerian Professor of Physiology, Royal + Inst.; President Zool. Sec. British Assoc., 1897; author of + memoirs and books on natural history.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa_, James Goodeve MIALL (Rev.), Chairman of Congregational Union. + +_fa bro_, Edward MIALL (1809-1881), Independent minister at +Leicester, 1834; established and edited the "Nonconformist," 1841; +M.P., Rochdale, 1852-1857, Bradford, 1869-1874; strove for +Disestablishment of Church.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me bro_, Charles MACKENZIE, a well-known Haymarket actor +(stage-name, Henry COMPTON). + +_me bro son_, Sir Morell MACKENZIE (1837-1892), celebrated physician; +specialist on diseases of the throat.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me bro son_, Sir Stephen MACKENZIE (b. 1844), senior physician, +London Hospital; consulting Physician, Poplar Hospital, etc.--["Who's +Who."] + +_son_, Stephen MIALL, first in solicitors' examination, Clement's +Inn, and "Daniel Reardon" prizeman, 1896; first-class honours, LL.B. +and LL.D., London. + + + +Henry Alexander #MIERS# (b. 1858), D.Sc., F.R.S., Waynflete + Professor of Mineralogy, Oxford, since 1895; author of many + scientific papers, "Mineralogy," etc.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa me fa_, Francis PLACE (1771-1854), Radical reformer and writer; +started life as leather-breeches maker; succeeded in getting the laws +against combinations of workmen repealed.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa fa_, John MIERS (1789-1879), F.R.S., engineer and botanist; +accompanied Lord Cochrane to Chile, 1818; made collections of birds, +insects, and plants; author of many scientific papers.--["Dict. N. +Biog."] + +_fa_, Francis Charles MIERS, engineer and successful man of business. + +_bro_, Edward John MIERS, zoologist; author of a volume on Brachyura +in "Challenger Reports," etc. + + + +Alfred #NEWTON# (b. 1829), F.R.S., Professor of Zoology and + Comparative Anatomy, Cambridge; has been very active in promoting + the protection of wild birds; has been Vice-President of the + Royal and Zoological Societies; gold medal of the Royal and of + the Linnæan Societies; author of many works dealing principally + with birds.--["Who's Who."] + +_me fa_, Richard Slater MILNES, M.P. for York; took a prominent part +in county business. + +_fa_, William NEWTON, M.P. for Ipswich. + +_me bro_, Robert Pemberton MILNES, M.P. for Pontefract; prominent in +county business. + +_bro_, General William Samuel NEWTON. + +_bro_, Robert Milnes NEWTON, Recorder of Cambridge; metropolitan +police magistrate. + +_bro_, Lieutenant-General Horace Parker NEWTON, first of his year in +R.M.A., Woolwich. + +_bro_, Sir Edward NEWTON, K.C.M.G., Colonial Secretary of Mauritius; +Lieutenant-Governor of Jamaica; author of several zoological papers +in scientific journals. + +_bro son_, Arthur William NEWTON, H.M. Inspector of Schools. + +_bro son_, Francis James NEWTON (b. 1857), C.M.G.; Treasurer of +Southern Rhodesia, 1902; some time Administrator of British +Bechuanaland, and Colonial Secretary British Honduras and +Barbadoes.--["Who's Who."] + +_me bro son_, Richard Monckton MILNES (1809-1885), first Baron +HOUGHTON; M.P. for Pontefract, 1837; distinguished in literary +society; author of poems and critical essays. Did much to secure +Copyright Act; assisted in the preparation of the "Tribune," 1836; +established the "Philobiblon Soc.," 1853.--["Dict. N. Biog.," and +"Life" by Wemyss Reid.] + +_me bro son son_, Robert Offley Ashburton CREWE-MILNES, first Earl of +CREWE, son of Lord Houghton; Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, +1892-1895.--["Who's Who."] + + + +#NORTHBROOK#, Earl.--See BARING. + + + +Robert Harris Inglis #PALGRAVE# (b. 1827), F.R.S., economist and + statistician; editor of the "Economist"; also of "Dictionary of + Political Economy."--["Who's Who."] + +_me fa_, Dawson TURNER (1775-1858), F.R.S., botanist and +antiquary.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me fa bro_, Joseph TURNER, Senior Wrangler, 1768. + +_fa_, Sir Francis PALGRAVE (1788-1861) (son of Meyer COHEN, adopted +the name Palgrave in 1823), historian; deputy-keeper, and assisted in +the publication, of H.M. Records. Author of the "Rise and Progress of +the English Commonwealth," 1832; "History of England and Normandy," +1851; and other works; greatly promoted study of mediæval history; +knighted, 1832.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me_, Elizabeth, née Dawson TURNER, assisted her husband in his +literary work.--[Unpublished information.] + +_me bro_, Dawson William TURNER (1815-1885), D.C.L., philanthropist +and educational writer; Demy of Magdalen Coll., Oxford. + +_bro_, Francis Turner PALGRAVE (1824-1897), poet and art critic; +first-class Lit. Hum.; Professor of Poetry at Oxford; editor of +"Golden Treasury"; author of many critical essays and other +publications.--["Dict. N. Biog.," Suppl. iii.] + +_bro_, W. Gifford PALGRAVE (1826-1888), traveller and diplomatist; +at twenty years of age gained first-class Lit. Hum. and second-class +Math.; became Roman Catholic, and travelled as Jesuit missionary in +Syria and Arabia, disguised for the purpose. Author of "A Year's +Journey through Eastern and Central Arabia." Severed his connection +with the Jesuits in 1865, and thenceforward served as English +diplomatist in various distant countries.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_bro_, Sir Reginald F.D. PALGRAVE (1829-1904), K.C.B., Clerk of the +House of Commons. Author of "Oliver Cromwell the Protector," +etc.--["Who's Who."] + +_me si son_, Sir Joseph Dalton HOOKER, F.R.S. (q.v.). + + + +Lawrence #PARSONS# (b. 1840), fourth Earl of ROSSE, D.C.L., LL.D., + Camb. and Dublin, F.R.S.; Chancellor of University of Dublin; + author of "Memoirs of Heat of Moon and Stars" (based on + experiments with the famous reflecting telescope made by his + father), and on other subjects.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa_, William PARSONS (1800-1867), third Earl of ROSSE, Pres. R.S.; +constructor of the great reflecting telescope at Parsonstown, and +first discoverer by its means of nebulæ and other celestial +phenomena.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_bro_, Charles Algernon PARSONS (b. 1854), D.Sc., F.R.S.; notable +in the development of turbine navigation; proprietor and director of +electrical and engineering works. + + + +William Matthew Flinders #PETRIE# (b. 1853), D.C.L., Lit.D., LL.D., + Ph.D., F.R.S.; Edwards Professor of Egyptology, University Coll., + London, since 1892. Principal discoveries: Greek settlements at + Naucratis and Daphnæ; prehistoric Egyptian at Koptos and Naqada; + inscription of Israelite War at Thebes; Kings of the earliest + dynasties at Abydos; has published much on these + subjects.--["Who's Who," and "Ency. Brit."] + +_fa fa fa_, Martin PETRIE, Commissary-General; good administrator. + +_fa fa_, William PETRIE, Commissary-General. + +_me fa_, Matthew FLINDERS (1774-1813), naval captain; assisted George +Bass to survey the coast of New South Wales and Van Dieman's Land, +1795-1800; in command of the "Investigator," and afterwards of the +"Porpoise" and "Cumberland"; made the first survey of a large part of +the Australian coast, 1801-1803.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa_, William PETRIE, civil engineer; first exhibitor of electric +light on a large scale, 1848; inventor of various apparatus for that +and chemical industries. + +_me_, Ann FLINDERS PETRIE, writer of some books and articles +popularizing mineralogy, about 1840; learned both Hebrew and Greek +without a teacher. + + + +Percival Spencer Umfreville #PICKERING# (b. 1858), F.R.S., director + of the Woburn Experimental Fruit Farm; investigator in chemical + physics; editor of "Memoirs of Anna Maria Pickering," and author + of 150 papers on chemical and physical subjects.--["Who's Who."] + +_me fa_, John Spencer STANHOPE, F.R.S., and Membre de l'Institut at +twenty-eight years of age; a man of considerable classical +attainments, and author of "Platæa and Olympia" and other +topographical studies in Greece. + +_me me_, Elizabeth, née COKE, a woman of considerable artistic +ability. + +_me me fa_, Thomas William COKE (1752-1842), of Holkham, was created +Earl of LEICESTER; M.P. for Norfolk, 1776-1806, and 1807-1832; +favoured Protection and Parliamentary Reform; introduced modern +methods into agriculture; a famous improver of stock.--["Dict. N. +Biog."] + +_fa_, Percival Andrée PICKERING, Q.C., Fellow of St. John's Coll., +Cambridge; Judge of Passage Court; Attorney-General for County +Palatine; author of classical essays and works on Parliamentary law. + +_me_, Anna Maria Wilhelmina, née SPENCER STANHOPE, of decided +literary and classical ability; author of "Memoirs" recently +published. + +_fa bro_, Edward Hayes PICKERING, Captain of Montem, Eton; Fellow of +St. John's Coll., Cambridge; died young. + +_me bro_, Sir Walter Thomas William SPENCER STANHOPE (b. 1827), +K.C.B., first-class in Mathematics, Oxford, 1848; M.P. West Riding of +Yorkshire, S. division, 1872-1880, and 1882-1890.--["Who's Who."] + +_me bro_, John Roddam SPENCER STANHOPE, artist. + +_si_, Mary Evelyn DE MORGAN artist. + +_si_, Anna Maria Diana Wilhelmina STIRLING, author of novels and +tales under the name of Percival PICKERING. + + + +Sir William #RAMSAY# (b. 1852), K.C.B., LL.D., D.Sc., Ph.D., + F.R.S., F.C.S.; Professor of Chemistry, University Coll., London, + since 1887; sometime Professor of Chemistry and Principal of + University Coll., Bristol; has published numerous important + scientific papers.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa fa_, William RAMSAY, manufacturing chemist; first made acetic +acid from wood; discovered bi-chrome; President of the first Chemical +Society, Glasgow, 1796, which was merged in the Glasgow Philosophical +Society, 1802. + +_fa bro_, Sir Andrew Crombie RAMSAY (1814-1891), F.R.S., Professor of +Geology, University Coll., London, 1847; Director-General of the +Geological Survey, 1871.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_mo bro_, Robert ROBERTSON, editor of a daily London paper (about +1835). + + + +#RAYLEIGH#, Lord.--See STRUTT. + + + +Clement #REID#, F.R.S., District Geologist on Survey of England and + Wales; author of many works on Geology.--["Who's Who."] + +_si_, Margery Anna REID, B.Sc., London; science mistress at Ladies' +Coll., Cheltenham; very successful as a teacher. + +_me bro son_, Harold Leslie BARNARD, surgeon, and inventor of +apparatus for testing blood-pressure. + +_me me bro_, Michael FARADAY (1791-1867), F.R.S., Fullerian Professor +Royal Institution; famous chemist and electrician; started his +scientific career as assistant to Sir Humphry Davy.--["Dict. N. +Biog."] + +_me fa bro_, George BARNARD, landscape artist and author of many +books on drawing and painting. + +_me fa bro son_, Frederick BARNARD (1846-1896), artist and +caricaturist; illustrator of Dickens, contributor to "Punch," +etc.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + + + +Sir Henry Enfield #ROSCOE#, Ph.D., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S., Professor + of Chemistry Owens College, Manchester, 1857-1887; President + Society of Chemical Industry, 1881; of Chemical Society, 1882; + knighted, 1884; M.P. for S. division of Manchester, 1885-1895; + President of Brit. Assoc., 1887; Vice-Chancellor of the + University of London, 1896-1902; author of many memoirs and works + on chemistry.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa fa_, William ROSCOE (1753-1831), historian, poet, and +philanthropist; author of "Lives of Lorenzo de' Medici," of "Leo X.," +and of several volumes of verse; M.P. for Liverpool, 1806-1807; +promoter and first President of its Royal Institution.--["Dict. N. +Biog."] + +_fa_, Henry ROSCOE (1800-1836), biographer, including Life of his +father.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa bro_, Thomas ROSCOE (1791-1871), miscellaneous writer and +translator.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa bro_, William Stanley ROSCOE, poet.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa bro_, Robert ROSCOE, poet, wrote "King Alfred." + +_me_, Maria, née FLETCHER, artist and authoress, wrote "Life of +Vittoria Colonna." + +_me si_, Harriet FLETCHER, authoress of "Tales for Children." + +_fa bro son_, William Caldwell ROSCOE (1822-1859), poet and +essayist.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa si son_, William Stanley JEVONS (1835-1882), F.R.S., economist +and logician; Professor of Logic and Political Economy at Owens +Coll., 1866-1879; at University Coll., London, 1876-1880; influential +writer.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me si son_, Rt. Hon. Charles BOOTH, P.C., F.R.S. (q.v.). + +_me si son_, Charles CROMPTON.--See BOOTH. + +_me si son_, Henry CROMPTON.--See BOOTH. + + + +#ROSSE#, fourth Earl of.--See PARSONS. + + + +Edward John #ROUTH# (b. 1831), Sc.D., Camb., Sc.D. (hon.), Dublin, + LL.D. (hon.) Glasgow, F.R.S., Senior Wrangler and Smith's prize, + 1854; Adams prize, 1877; has had twenty-seven Senior Wranglers + and more than forty Smith's Prizemen for pupils. Author of + several books on theoretical dynamics and of many mathematical + papers.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa_, Sir Randolph Isham ROUTH (1782-1858), K.C.B., 1848; +Commissary-General; saw much foreign service, and was senior +commissariat officer at Waterloo.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me bro_, Hon. Jean Thos. TASCHEREAU, Judge of King's Bench in +Canada. + +_me bro_, His Eminence Elzear Alexandre TASCHEREAU (b. 1820), son +of the above; Cardinal-Priest of the Roman Catholic Church, and +Archbishop of Quebec. + +_me bro son_, Hon. Sir Henri Thomas TASCHEREAU (b. 1841), Judge of +the Supreme Court of Canada. + +_me bro son_, Hon. Henri Elzear TASCHEREAU (b. 1836), Judge of the +Supreme Court of Canada; author of many works on law. (For the +Taschereau family see "Canadian Men and Women of the Time.") + +_fa son œ bro_, C.H.F. ROUTH, eminent London physician. + +_fa son son_, Amand J. McC. ROUTH, M.D., F.R.C.P., obstetric +physician to Charing Cross Hospital, consulting obstetric physician +to three other hospitals; author of numerous papers and articles on +Midwifery and Gynæcology.--["Who's Who."] + +_wife's fa_, Sir George B. AIRY (1801-1892), K.C.B., F.R.S., eminent +mathematician and astronomer; Senior Wrangler, 1823; Astronomer +Royal, 1835-1881. + + + +Dukinfield Henry #SCOTT# (b. 1854), F.R.S., Hon. Keeper Jodrell + Lab., Royal Gardens, Kew; Botanical Sec. of the Linnæan Soc.; + President of the Royal Microscopical Soc.; author of "An + Introduction to Structural Botany," "Studies in Fossil Botany," + and various papers in "Phil. Trans.," etc.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa fa fa_, Thomas SCOTT (1747-1821), Chaplain of Lock Hosp., London, +afterwards Rector of Aston Sandford; produced a commentary on the +Bible in weekly parts from 1788-1792; author of many religious +writings.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa fa_, Thomas SCOTT (1780-1835), Queen's Coll., Cambridge; author +of many religious works.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa_, Sir George Gilbert SCOTT (1811-1878), R.A., restoring architect +to Ely, Hereford, Lichfield, Salisbury, and Ripon Cathedrals; +architect of Indian, Home and Colonial Offices, the Nicolaikirche at +Hamburg, St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh, etc.; President Royal +Inst. Brit. Architects, 1873-1876; Professor of +Architecture.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa bro_, Ven. Melville H. SCOTT, Archdeacon of Stafford. + +_bro_, George Gilbert SCOTT, architect of Roman Catholic Cathedral, +Norwich; first in Moral Science Tripos, Cambridge; Burney Prize +Essay; author of "History of English Church Architecture."--["Who's +Who."] + +_bro son_, Giles Gilbert SCOTT, architect of New Liverpool Cathedral, +by competition at the age of twenty-two. + +_bro son_, Henry George SCOTT, Director of Mines and Geology to the +Siamese Government at the age of twenty-four. + +_fa bro son_, Canon Thomas SCOTT (b. 1831), Whewell University +prizeman; first in first-class Moral Science Trip., 1854.--["Who's +Who."] + +_fa bro son_, Ven. Edwin A. SCOTT, Archdeacon of Christchurch, New +Zealand. + + + +Robert Henry #SCOTT# (b. 1833), D.Sc., F.R.S., classical scholar + Trin. Coll., Dublin, 1853; first Senior Mod. Exp. Physics, 1855; + Superintendent Meteorological Office 1867-1900.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa fa_, John Pendred SCOTT, resident at the Court of Oude. + +_me fa_, Charles BRODRICK, Archbishop of Cashel, Ireland. + +_fa_, James Smyth SCOTT, gold medallist Trin. Coll., Dublin. + +_me bro_, William John BRODRICK, seventh Viscount MIDLETON, Dean of +Wells. + +_bro_, Charles BRODRICK SCOTT, Senior Classic, Cambridge, 1848; +Headmaster of Westminster School. + +_bro_, James George SCOTT, Archdeacon of Dublin, Chancellor of St. +Patrick's, Dublin. + +_bro_, Edward Ashley SCOTT, Fellow of Trinity Coll., Cambridge. + +_bro son_, George Digby SCOTT, first-class Classical tripos, +Cambridge. + +_bro son_, Charles William SCOTT, engineer to Irish Lights Board. + +_fa bro son_, Edward William SCOTT, General Bengal Artillery; for +many years secretary to the Military Board, Bengal. + +_me bro son_, George C. BRODRICK (d. 1903), D.C.L., Warden of +Merton Coll., Oxford; brilliant college career; connected with the +"Times," 1860-1873; author of "Political Studies" (1879), "Memorials +of Merton College" (1885), "Memoirs and Impressions" (1900).--["Who's +Who."] + +_me si son_, Charles Brodrick BERNARD, Bishop of Tuam, Ireland. + +_me bro son son_, William St. John BRODRICK, P.C., Secretary of State +for War, 1900-1903; subsequently for India.--["Who's Who."] + + + +Thomas Roscoe Rede #STEBBING# (b. 1835) (Rev.), F.R.S., naturalist; + authority on Crustacea; prepared the report on the Amphipoda of + the "Challenger" expedition; author of many works on natural + history.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa_, Henry STEBBING (1799-1883), D.D., F.R.S., poet, preacher, and +historian; editor of the "Athenæum" almost from its commencement, +1828; published a continuation to Hume and Smollet's history, "Lives +of the Italian Poets," etc.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me bro_, William GRIFFIN, Vice-Admiral. + +_bro_, William STEBBING, Scholar of Lincoln Coll., scholar and Fellow +of Worcester Coll., Oxford, first-class Mods., 1852; first-class Lit. +Hum., 1853, first-class Law and History, 1854; for nearly thirty +years on the staff of the "Times" as leader writer, and second to the +late Mr. Delane in the editorship.--["Who's Who."] + + + +G. Johnstone #STONEY# (b. 1826), D.Sc. F.R.S.; Professor of Natural + Philosophy in late Queen's University, Ireland; memoirs on the + "Physical Constitution of the Sun and Stars," on the "Internal + Motion of Gases," etc.--["Who's Who."] + +_me bro_, William Bindon BLOOD, Professor of Engineering; author of +professional papers. + +_me bro son_, Sir Bindon BLOOD (b. 1842), K.C.B., Commander of the +Forces in Punjab; distinguished in Chitral Expedition and in Boer +War.--["Who's Who."] + +_bro_, Bindon Blood STONEY, LL.D., F.R.S., Engineer, especially +marine; numerous engineering works and publications of great +originality.--["Who's Who."] + +_si son_, Maurice FITZGERALD, Professor of Engineering, Queen's +Coll., Belfast. + +_si son_, George Francis FITZGERALD (1891-1903), F.R.S., Professor of +Nat. and Exper. Philosophy; Principal of School of Engineering, +Dublin University. His scientific writings have been edited since his +death by Dr. Larmor. + +_son_, Gerald STONEY, one of the principal engineers in the work of +the Parson's Steam Turbine Company. + + + +Lieutenant-General Sir Richard #STRACHEY# (retired 1875), G.C.S.I., + R.E., LL.D., F.R.S., Cambridge. Secretary of Government Central + Provinces of India during Mutiny, 1857-1858; Public-Works + Secretary to Government of India, 1862; Legislative Member of + Governor-General's Council, 1869-1870; Member of Council of + India, 1875-1889; Acting Financial Member of Governor-General's + Council, 1878; Chairman of East Indian Railway from 1889; + Chairman of Meteorological Council from 1883; President of Royal + Geographical Soc., 1888-1890; Royal Medal of Royal Soc., 1897. + Publications: "Lectures on Geography"; "Finances and Public + Works of India" (jointly with his brother, Sir John S.); various + scientific memoirs.--["Ency. Brit.," and "Who's Who."] + +_fa fa_, Sir Henry STRACHEY (1736-1810), Bart., private secretary to +Lord Clive in India; Joint Under-Secretary of State for the Home +Department, 1782; cr. Baronet, 1801.--["Dict. N. Biog.," Suppl. iii.] + +_me fa_, Lieutenant-General KIRKPATRICK, W. (1754-1812), Orientalist; +military secretary to Marquess Wellesley; Resident at Poona; +translated Persian works; expert in Oriental tongues and in Indian +manners, customs, and laws.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa_, Edward STRACHEY (1774-1832), Chief Examiner of correspondence +to the India House, the other two being Peacock and James Mill +(secretaries' work, writing despatches, etc.). + +_fa bro_, Sir Henry STRACHEY, Bart. (1772-1858), distinguished Indian +Civilian, described by James Mill ("Hist. Brit. India," vol. vi., +chap, vii.) as "the most intelligent of the Company's servants." + +_fa bro_, Richard STRACHEY, Resident at Lucknow and Gwalior. + +_me si_, Isabella Barbara BULLER, a well-known centre of literary and +political society. + +_bro_, Sir John STRACHEY, G.C.S.I., eminent Indian statesman; +Lieutenant-Governor of the N.W. Provinces; Financial Member of +Governor-General's Council; Member of Council of India. Publications: +"Finance and Public Works of India," 1882 (jointly with his brother, +Sir Richard S.); "Hastings and the Rohilla War," 1892; "India," 1888, +third edition, 1903.--["Ency. Brit.," and "Who's Who," 1904.] + +_bro_, Colonel Henry STRACHEY, Tibetan explorer, gold medal of Royal +Geographical Soc., 1852. + +_bro_, Sir Edward STRACHEY (d. 1904), Bart., author of "Hebrew +Politics in the Time of Sargon and Sennacherib." + +_bro_, George STRACHEY (1873-1890), Chargé d'Affaires and Minister +Resident at Dresden. + +_bro son_, Sir Arthur STRACHEY (1858-1901) [son of Sir John S. and of +Katherine, daughter of George BATTEN], Chief Justice Allahabad, æt. +thirty-nine; d. æt. forty-three. + +_bro son_, John St. Loe STRACHEY (b. 1860) [son of Sir Edward S. +and Mary, sister of John Addington SYMONDS, writer and critic], +editor of the "Spectator."--["Who's Who."] + +_me si son_, Charles BULLER (1806-1848), distinguished politician, +sent as secretary with Lord Durham to Canada, 1838; Chief Poor-Law +Commissioner.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me si son_, Sir Arthur BULLER, Judge of the Supreme Court, Calcutta. + +_fa fa bro_, John STRACHEY, LL.D. Cambridge, Archdeacon of Suffolk, +Prebendary of Llandaff, preacher at the Rolls. + +_fa fa fa fa_, John STRACHEY (1671-1743), F.R.S., geologist, said to +have first suggested theory of stratification in his "Observations on +Different Strata of Earths and Minerals," 1727.--["Dict. N. Biog.," +Suppl. iii.] + +_Wife and her kinsfolk:_ + + _wi_, Jane Maria, née GRANT, second wife, authoress of "Lay + Texts," "Poets on Poets," "Memoirs of a Highland Lady," + etc.--["Who's Who," 1904.] + + _wi fa fa_, Sir J.P. GRANT (1774-1848), Chief Justice of Supreme + Court, Calcutta.--["Dict. N. Biog.," xxii. 398.] + + _wi fa_, Sir J.P. GRANT, G.C.M.G., K.C.B. (1807-1893), Indian and + Colonial Governor; Member of Council; Lieutenant-Governor of + Central Provinces of India; Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal; + Governor of Jamaica (1866-1873).--["Dict. N. Biog.," Suppl. iii. + 341.] + + _wife's me bro son_, Sir Trevor Chichele PLOWDEN, K.C.S.I., + Resident at Kashmir, Hyderabad, and Baghdad. + + _wife's me bro son_, Sir Henry Meredith PLOWDEN, Senior Judge of + Chief Court, Punjab (1880-1894).--["Who's Who," 1904.] + +_son_, Giles Lytton STRACHEY, Scholarship at Trinity Coll., +Cambridge; Chancellor's medal for English verse. + +_son_, Oliver STRACHEY, Eton scholarship. + +_son_, James Beaumont STRACHEY, scholarship at St. Paul's School. + +_da_, Joan Pernel STRACHEY, lecturer on Old French at Royal Holloway +College. + +_da_, Marjorie Colvile STRACHEY, prize offered in 1904 by the +British Ambassador in Paris to male and female undergraduates of all +colleges in Great Britain, for examination in French; scholarship at +Royal Holloway College, 1904. + + + +Aubrey #STRAHAN# (b. 1852), F.R.S., district geologist on the + Geological Survey of England and Wales; author of geological + memoirs on Chester, Rhyl, Flint, Isle of Purbeck, Weymouth, South + Wales Coalfield, etc., and contributions to scientific + journals.--["Who's Who."] + +_me fa_, Sir George FISHER, General of Royal Artillery; Commandant of +Woolwich Arsenal. + +_bro_, George STRAHAN, second for Pollock Medal at Addiscombe; Dep. +Surveyor-General of the Trigonometrical Survey of India, 1889; +Colonel of Bengal Engineers. + +_bro_, Charles STRAHAN, Lieutenant-General of Bengal Engineers; +Surveyor-General of India, 1895. + +_fa bro son_, Herbert KYNASTON (b. 1835), D.D., Camden Medallist +and Browne Medallist, 1855; bracketed Senior Classic, 1857; Fellow of +St. John's Coll., Cambridge, 1858; Principal of Cheltenham Coll., +1874-1888; Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, University of +Durham, 1889.--["Who's Who."] + + + +John William #STRUTT# (b. 1842), third Baron #RAYLEIGH#, D.C.L. + (Hon. Oxon.), LL.D., O.M., F.R.S., Hon. Sc.D. (Cambridge and + Dublin), Professor of Natural Philosophy, Royal Inst., since + 1887; Senior Wrangler and Smith's Prizeman, 1865; Professor of + Experimental Physics, Cambridge, 1879-1884; Secretary Roy. Soc., + 1887; author of "Theory of Sound," and many scientific + papers.--["Who's Who," and "Ency. Brit."] + +_bro_, Hon. Edward Gerald STRUTT, successful land-agent and surveyor. + +_me si son_, Ronald Montague BURROWS (b. 1867), Professor of Greek +in the University Coll. of S. Wales and Monmouthshire.--["Who's +Who."] + +_son_, Hon. Robert John STRUTT (b. 1875), F.R.S., Fellow of Trinity +Coll., Cambridge; author of papers on radium, etc.--["Who's Who."] + +_me fa bro_, Major-General Edward VICARS, R.E., distinguished himself +under Lord John Hay on North Coast of Spain; brevet majority and +Spanish orders for gallantry before San Sebastian in 1836; selected +for special duty with the fleet in 1854, but taken ill on the way +out, and retired on full pay. + +_wife_, see BALFOUR. + + + +William #THOMSON# (b. 1824), Baron #KELVIN# (1892), P.C., O.M., + F.R.S., and numerous other distinctions; eminent mathematical + physicist; inventor of mirror galvanometer, of siphon recorder + in connection with submarine telegraphy, of a new form of + mariner's compass, etc.; acted as electrical engineer for many + submarine cables; President of British Assoc., 1871, of Royal + Soc., 1890-1895, and four times of Royal Soc., Edinburgh; author + of numerous mathematical and physical memoirs.--["Who's Who," and + "Ency. Brit."] + +_fa_, James THOMSON (1786-1849), son of a small farmer in co. Down; +commenced the study of mathematics on his own initiative; became +Professor of Mathematics at Belfast, 1815, then at University of +Glasgow, 1832; also a good classical scholar and astronomer; wrote +the authorized mathematical text-books of the Commissioners of +National Education in Ireland.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_bro_, James THOMSON (1822-1892), F.R.S., Hon. LL.D., Glasgow and +Dublin, Professor of Civil Engineering, first at Queen's Coll., +Belfast, 1857-1873, then at Glasgow, 1873-1889. Invented the "vortex +water-wheel," 1850; numerous memoirs on physical +investigations.--["Dict. N. Biog.," and "Ency. Brit."] + +_bro_, John THOMSON, died young, having contracted hospital fever +during medical study at Glasgow. Considered as able as his brothers. + +_si son_, James Thomson BOTTOMLEY, F.R.S. (q.v.). + +_si son_, George KING, actuary and mathematician; author of many +original papers, and of an authoritative work on actuarial subjects. + + + +Sir John Isaac #THORNYCROFT# (b. 1843), LL.D., F.R.S., + Vice-President of Inst. of Naval Architecture, etc.; founded + shipbuilding works at Chiswick, 1866; introduced improvements in + naval architecture and marine engineering, which have promoted + high speeds at sea.--["Who's Who."] + +_me fa_, John FRANCIS (1780-1861), sculptor, pupil of Chantrey; +exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1820-1856; his works include busts of +Miss Horatio Nelson, Queen Victoria, Prince Albert, and the Duke of +Wellington.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa_, Thomas THORNYCROFT (1815-1885), sculptor; executed the group of +Commerce on the Albert Memorial, and other statues.--["Dict. N. +Biog."] + +_me_, Mary THORNYCROFT (1814-1895), sculptor.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_bro_, William Hamo THORNYCROFT (b. 1850), R.A., sculptor. His +works include national monument to General Gordon in Trafalgar Square +and in Melbourne; John Bright in Rochdale; Lord Granville in Houses +of Parliament; and very many others.--["Who's Who."] + + + +Charles Sissmore #TOMES# (b. 1846), F.R.S., late lecturer on dental + anatomy at Dental Hosp. of London; Crown nominee on General + Medical Council, 1898, etc.; author of a "Manual of Dental + Anatomy, Human and Comparative," and of many memoirs on + odontology in "Phil. Trans.," etc.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa_, Sir John TOMES (1815-1895), F.R.S., dental surgeon; invented +dental forceps; memoirs on histology of bone and teeth; delivered +lectures at Middlesex Hosp., which marked new era in dentistry; +induced Royal Coll. of Surgeons to grant license in dental surgery; +one of the chief founders of the Odontological Soc., 1856, and of the +Dental Hosp., 1858; secured passing of Dentists Act, 1878; wrote +well-known treatise on "Dental Surgery," and other works.--["Dict. N. +Biog."] + +_fa bro_, Robert Fisher TOMES (1824-1904), authority on insectivora +and chiroptera; edited Bell's "British Quadrupeds"; wrote natural +history sections for his own and neighbouring county histories. + +_me bro_, George SIBLEY, C.E.I., went out to India as a civil +engineer, and without influence rose to be chief engineer of the East +Indian Railways, and did much important work in bridge-building. + + + +James William Helenus #TRAIL# (b. 1851), F.R.S., Regius Professor + of Botany, University of Aberdeen, since 1877; naturalist of an + exploring expedition in N. Brazil, 1873-1875; has been largely + occupied in the administrative work of the University and of + other educational bodies in N. Scotland; has published numerous + botanical and zoological papers in scientific journals.--["Who's + Who."] + +_fa_, Samuel TRAIL, LL.D., D.D. (both hon.), obtained Hutton +Scholarship in Aberdeen as the most distinguished graduate of his +year, 1825; Professor of Systematic Theology, University of Aberdeen, +1867; Moderator of Church of Scotland, 1874. + +_me bro_, Hercules SCOTT, LL.D., Professor of Moral Philosophy in the +King's Coll. and University, Old Aberdeen, 1820-1860; said to have +taken a large part in the administration of the University. + +_bro_, John Arbuthnot TRAIL, LL.D., Writer to the Signet in +Edinburgh; prominent in administration connected with the University +of Edinburgh, the Church of Scotland, and other public bodies. + +_me si son_, David BROWN, General; formerly Commissioner of Lower +Burmah. + + + +John #VENN# (b. 1834), D.Sc., F.R.S., Fellow of Caius Coll., + Cambridge; President, 1903; for many years lecturer on Moral + Philosophy at Cambridge; author of many works on logic, and of "A + Biographical History of Gonville and Caius Coll."--["Who's Who."] + +_fa fa_, John VENN (1759-1813), scientific and mechanical interests; +one of the first to adopt vaccination, applying it to his own +children, and recommending it in the parish of Clapham, where he was +rector in 1800; the principal founder of the Church Missionary Soc., +1798, the rules of which he sketched out much as they are still +retained.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa_, Henry VENN (1796-1873), Wrangler and Fellow of Queens' Coll., +Cambridge; for many years secretary and practically manager of the +Church Missionary Soc., the income of which increased under his +guidance to over £100,000 per annum; vicar of Drypool, 1827, and of +St. John's, Holloway, London, 1834-1846.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa bro_, John VENN (1802-1890), Wrangler and Fellow of Queens' +Coll., Cambridge; much practical skill and success in philanthropic +schemes in his parish of St. Peter's at Hereford; he started a steam +corn-mill, which was so successful that it led to many other +developments in the way of aiding the industrious--e.g., a loan +department, which, by 1848, had advanced some £18,000 to various poor +and struggling persons, and an extensive experimental garden for +teaching garden allotment and small farm work, etc. + +_fa si son_, Sir James Fitzjames STEPHEN (1829-1894), distinguished +judge; in earlier life journalist, essayist, and reviewer; then Legal +Member of the Council of the Governor-General of India; author of +legal works.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa si son_, Sir Leslie STEPHEN (1832-1904), K.C.B., Litt.D., at one +time famous as a mountaineer; eminent literary editor and critic; +President of the Ethical Soc.; editor of the earlier volumes of the +"Dictionary of National Biography"; author of many works, including a +biography of his brother. + +_fa fa fa_, Henry VENN (1725-1797), an evangelical divine, a man of +remarkable energy and force of character; Fellow of Queens' Coll., +Cambridge, 1749-1757; curate of Clapham, 1754; vicar of Huddersfield, +1759; rector of Yelling, 1771-1797; author of the "Complete Duty of +Man."--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa fa fa fa_, Richard VENN (1691-1740), a learned divine; rector of +St. Antholin's, London, 1725-1739. He acquired some prominence +by publicly objecting to the appointment of Dr. Rundle, a +latitudinarian, to the bishopric of Gloucester, on the ground of +unorthodox views.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa si da_, Emelia BATTEN, afterwards Mrs. Russell Gurney; +distinguished by her artistic taste and accomplishments; author of +"Dante's Pilgrims' Progress."--["Letters," with a brief biography, by +Ellen Gurney, 1902.] + +_me fa bro_, Daniel SYKES (1766-1832), F.R.S., Fellow of Trinity +Coll., Cambridge; Recorder and M.P. for Hull; prominent as an early +supporter of the Reform Movement. + +_me fa fa_, Joseph SYKES (1723-1805), large and successful merchant +in Hull, where he was the principal founder of the trade in Swedish +iron; Mayor and Sheriff of Hull, and D.L. of the E. Riding. + +For further particulars of the Venn family, see "Venn Family Annals," +by Dr. John Venn (Macmillan and Co., 1904). + + + +Robert #WARINGTON# (b. 1838), F.R.S., Examiner in Agricultural + Science to the Board of Education since 1894; Professor of Rural + Economy, Oxford, 1894-1897; author of twenty-six papers in the + "Transactions" of the Chemical Soc., "The Chemistry of the Farm" + (seventeenth edition), "Lectures on the Rothamsted Experiments," + and "Lectures on the Physical Properties of the Soil."--["Who's + Who."] + +_fa_, Robert WARINGTON (1807-1867), F.R.S., chemist, pharmacist, and +naturalist; founded in 1841, and was for ten years secretary of the +Chemical Soc.; originator of the Aquarium; the author of many papers +on chemical and natural history subjects.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me fa_, George JACKSON (1792-1861), medical practitioner and +inventor; Society of Arts medal for improvements in an apparatus for +obtaining light; invented a dividing machine for ruling micrometers, +which is still in use; introduced several improvements into the +microscope; and was President of the Royal Microscopical Soc. + +_bro_, George WARINGTON, B.A., first-class Natural Science Tripos, +Cambridge; died at the age of thirty-three, but had already made a +considerable reputation as an author, critic, teacher, and speaker. + +_fa si son_, John BROWN, C.M.G.; engineer-in-chief to Cape Government +railways. + + + +General Sir Charles #WARREN# (b. 1840), K.C.B., G.C.M.G., R.E., + F.R.S. Conducted excavations at Jerusalem, and reconnaissance of + Palestine for the Pal. Expl. Fund, 1867-1870; Administrator and + Commander-in-Chief, Griqualand West; commanded troops Northern + Border Expedition, 1879; Bechuanaland Expedition, 1884-1885; + Suakim, 1886; Commissioner Metropolitan Police, 1886-1888; + commanded troops Straits Settlements, 1889-1894; + Lieutenant-General in command of 5th Div. South African Field + Force, 1899-1900. Author of works concerning the archæology of + Jerusalem; also of "On Veldt in the Seventies," and of "The + Ancient Cubit and Our Weights and Measures."--["Who's Who."] + +_fa fa_, John WARREN (1767-1838), Dean of Bangor, N.W. + +_fa fa bro_, Frederick WARREN (1775-1848), Vice-Admiral; defeated +Danish gunboat flotilla in the Belt, 1809; Commander-in-Chief +at the Cape, 1831-1834; Admiral-Superintendent at Plymouth, +1837-1841.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa fa bro_, Pelham WARREN (1778-1835), M.D., F.R.S., Physician at +St. George's Hosp.; Harveian orator, 1826; Physician to the +King.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa_, Sir Charles WARREN (1798-1866), K.C.B., Major-General; served +in India, 1840-1848; in China, 1841-1844; in the Crimea, +1854-1856.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa bro_, John WARREN (1796-1852), F.R.S., mathematician; Fellow and +Tutor of Jesus Coll., Cambridge; Chancellor of Bangor.--["Dict. N. +Biog."] + +_son_, Richard WARREN (b. 1876), first-class honours, Natural +Science, Oxford; scholarship in Anatomy and Physiology, London Hosp.; +Radcliffe Travelling Fellow, Oxford; house physician, house surgeon, +and senior resident accoucheur, London Hosp. + +_fa fa fa_, Richard WARREN (1731-1797), M.D., F.R.S., Fellow of Jesus +Coll., Cambridge; Physician to George III., and to George, Prince of +Wales.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + + + +Bertram Coghill Alan #WINDLE# (b. 1858), F.R.S., President of + Queen's Coll., Cork; M.D., D.Sc., Dublin; late Dean of the + Medical Faculty and Professor of Anatomy and Anthropology, + University of Birmingham; author of scientific papers, books on + anatomy, anthropology, and literature, "Tyson's Pygmies of the + Ancients," "Life in Early Britain," etc.--["Who's Who."] + +_me bro_, Colonel Kendal COGHILL (b. 1832), C.B., served in Burmah, +1853-1855; Adjutant of 2nd European Bengal Fusiliers during Indian +Mutiny, 1857-1858; commanded 19th Hussars in Egyptian Campaign, +1882.--["Who's Who."] + +_me fa_, Admiral Sir J. COGHILL. + +_me me fa_, Charles Kendal BUSHE (1767-1843), Solicitor-General +for Ireland, 1805-1822; Chief Justice of King's Bench, 1822-1841. +--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_me bro son_, Seymour Coghill Hort BUSHE (b. 1853), K.C., Senior +Moderator and Berkeley gold medallist; gold medallist in oratory, +Dublin; Senior Crown Prosecutor for County and City of Dublin, +1901.--["Who's Who."] + +_me si son_, Herbert Wilson GREENE, well-known fellow and lecturer, +Magdalen Coll., Oxford; author of version of "Rubayat" of Omar +Khayum, etc. + +_me si son_, Boyle SOMERVILLE, Commander, R.N., author of papers on +the ethnology of the Polynesian race in the "Anthropological +Journal." + +_me si da_, Edith Oenone SOMERVILLE, M.F.H., author of +"Reminiscences of an Irish R.M.," "All on the Irish Shore," and other +novels. + + + +Horace Bolingbroke #WOODWARD# (b. 1848), F.R.S., Assistant Director + Geological Survey of England and Wales; author of "Geology of + England and Wales," and other works.--["Who's Who."] + +_fa fa_, Samuel WOODWARD (1790-1838), geologist and antiquary; clerk +in Gurney's Bank, Norwich, 1820-1838; studied history and archæology; +formed collection of fossils and antiquities, and published works +relating to Norfolk.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa_, Samuel Pickworth WOODWARD (1821-1865), Professor of Geology +and Natural History at Royal Agricultural Coll., Cirencester, 1845; +first-class assistant in department of geology and mineralogy, +British Museum, 1848-1865; author of "Manual of the Mollusca" +(1851-1856).--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa bro_, Bernard Bolingbroke WOODWARD (1816-1869), librarian in +ordinary to Queen Victoria at Windsor.--["Dict. N. Biog."] + +_fa bro_, Henry WOODWARD (b. 1832), LL.D., F.R.S., President of +Palæontographical Soc. since 1896; Vice-President of Royal +Microscopical Soc.; late Keeper Geological Department, British Museum +(Natural History); author of many works on palæontology, zoology, +etc.--["Who's Who."] + +_bro_, Bernard Henry WOODWARD, Director of Museum at Perth, W. +Australia. + +_bro_, Herbert Willoughby WOODWARD, Archdeacon of Magila, Zanzibar. + +_fa bro son_, Harry Page WOODWARD (b. 1858), Government Geologist +for W. Australia, 1887-1895. + +_fa bro son_, Martin Fountain WOODWARD, Demonstrator of Biology, +Royal Coll. of Science (obituary in "Nature"). + + + + +APPENDIX + +32 NOTEWORTHY FATHERS OF 38 F.R.S. + +(TAKEN FROM THE PRINTED LIST OF 66 FAMILIES, AND CLASSIFIED BY +OCCUPATIONS) + + +ASTRONOMY. + +Sir J.W. #LUBBOCK#, F.R.S., Treasurer and Vice-President of the Royal +Soc. + + _son_, Lord AVEBURY, F.R.S. (Lubbock). + +Third Earl of #ROSSE#, President Royal Soc. (1800-1867), constructor +of the great reflecting telescope. + + _son_, fourth Earl of ROSSE, F.R.S. + + _son_, C.A. PARSONS, F.R.S. + + +GEOLOGY. + +Professor #BALL#, Dublin (1802-1857). + + _son_, Sir Robert BALL, F.R.S. + + _son_, Valentine BALL, F.R.S. + +Sir J. #EVANS#, F.R.S., President of Geological and many other +societies; Treasurer of the Royal Soc. for many years. + + _son_, Arthur EVANS, F.R.S. + +#GODWIN-AUSTEN#, F.R.S. (1808-1884). + + _son_, H.H. GODWIN-AUSTEN, F.R.S. + +Professor #WOODWARD#, Cirencester (1821-1865). + + _son_, H.B. WOODWARD, F.R.S. + + +PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS. + +J.J. #LISTER#, F.R.S. (----), optical investigator. + + _son_, Lord LISTER, O.M., President Royal Soc. + + _son_, Arthur LISTER, F.R.S. + +Lord #RAYLEIGH#, F.R.S., O.M. + + _son_, Hon. R. STRUTT, F.R.S. + +Professor James #THOMSON#, Belfast (1786-1849). + + _son_, Lord KELVIN, O.M., President Royal Soc. + + _son_, James THOMSON, F.R.S. + + +CHEMISTRY. + +R. #WARINGTON#, F.R.S. (1807-1867), ten years Secretary of the +Chemical Soc. + + _son_, Robert WARINGTON, F.R.S. + +ENGINEER. + +W. #PETRIE#, inventor of various apparatus for electric and chemical +industries. + + _son_, W.M. FLINDERS-PETRIE, F.R.S. + + +BIOLOGY. + +Charles #DARWIN#, F.R.S. (1809-1865), the great naturalist. + + _son_, Professor G. DARWIN, F.R.S. + + _son_, Francis DARWIN, F.R.S. + + _son_, Horace DARWIN, F.R.S. + +Edwin #LANKESTER#, F.R.S. (1814-1874), Professor of Natural History, +New Coll., London. + + _son_, E. Ray LANKESTER, F.R.S. + + +BOTANY. + +Sir William #HOOKER#, F.R.S. (1758-1865), Director of Kew Gardens. + + _son_, Sir Joseph HOOKER, F.R.S. + + +MEDICINE. + +W.A.F. #BROWNE#, F.R.S.E. (----), First Commissioner in Lunacy for +Scotland. + + _son_, Sir J. Crichton BROWNE, F.R.S. + +Sir J. #TOMES#, F.R.S., eminent in dental surgery. + + _son_, C.S. TOMES, F.R.S. + + +DIVINITY. + +J. #BROWN# (1784-1858), Professor of Exegetics, Secession Coll., and +after in the United Presbyterian Coll. + + _son_, A. Crum BROWN, F.R.S. + +J.E. #KEMPE#, late Rector of St. James, Piccadilly; Hon. Chaplain to +the King. + + _son_, A.B. KEMPE, F.R.S. + +J.G. #MIALL#, Chairman of the Congregational Union. + + _son_, L.C. MIALL, F.R.S. + + +S. #TRAIL# (----), Professor Systematic Theology, University, +Aberdeen. + + _son_, J.W.H. TRAIL, F.R.S. + +H. #VENN# (1796-1873), for many years Secretary and practically +manager of the Church Missionary Soc. + + _son_, J. VENN, F.R.S. + + +PHILOSOPHY. + +C.A. #BRANDIS#, Professor of Philosophy at Bonn. + + _son_, Sir D. BRANDIS, F.R.S. + + +LAW. + +P.A. #PICKERING#, Q.C., Judge Passage Court, Attorney-General, County +Palatine. + + _son_, P.S.U. PICKERING, F.R.S. + + +PUBLIC SERVICES. + +E. #STRACHEY# (1774-1832), Chief Examiner of Correspondence at India +House (Secretary's work, writing despatches). + + _son_, Sir Richard STRACHEY, F.R.S. + + +HISTORIANS AND BIOGRAPHERS. + +J. #GRANT DUFF# (1789-1858), "History of the Mahrattas," written +after a brief but brilliant career in India. + + _son_, Sir Mountstuart GRANT DUFF, F.R.S. + +Sir Francis #PALGRAVE# (1788-1861), "Rise and Progress of the English +Commonwealth." + + _son_, R.H.I. PALGRAVE, F.R.S. + +Henry #ROSCOE#, biographer. + + _son_, Sir H.E. ROSCOE, F.R.S. + +Henry #STEBBING#, D.D., F.R.S. (1799-1883), "Continuation to Hume and +Smollet's History," "Lives of the Italian Poets," etc. + + _son_, T.R.R. STEBBING, F.R.S. + + +PAINTERS. + +Robert #HERDMAN# (1829-1888), portrait and historical painter. + + _son_, W.A. HERDMAN, F.R.S. + +J. Calcott #HORSLEY#, R.A. + + _son_, Sir Victor A.H. HORSLEY, F.R.S. + + +SCULPTOR. + +T. #THORNYCROFT# (1815-1885). + + _son_, Sir J.I. THORNYCROFT, F.R.S. + + +ARCHITECT. + +Sir G. Gilbert #SCOTT#, R.A. (1811-1878), President Royal Institute +British Architects, Professor of Architecture. + + _son_, Dukinfield H. SCOTT, F.R.S. + + + * * * * * + + +SUMMARY OF THE OCCUPATIONS OF THE 32 FATHERS + +11 | PHYSICAL SCIENCE: Astronomy, 2; geology, 4; + | physics and mathematics, 3; chemistry, 1; + | engineer, 1. + | +5 | BIOLOGY: Biology, 2; botany, 1; medicine, 2. + | +6 | DIVINITY AND PHILOSOPHY: Divinity, 5; philosophy, 1. + | +2 | LAW AND PUBLIC SERVICE: Law, 1; public service, 1. + | +4 | HISTORIANS: Historians, 4. + | +4 | ARTISTS: Painters, 2; sculptor, 1; architect, 1. +---| +32 | + +I gather from this that about 21 of the 38 sons have followed the +same pursuits as their parents, and that the remaining 17 have +followed different ones; but the distinction is not always clear, so +other persons may form slightly different estimates. Anyhow, it +appears that the two characteristics of (1) general ability and (2) a +passion for a particular pursuit are transmitted more or less +independently. + + + + +INDEX + + +ABILITY, HIGHEST ORDER OF, xiv How far can noteworthiness be + accepted as a statistical measure of, xxi; nature of, xxi; + relation between this and environment in producing noteworthiness, + xxi-xxv + +Abercromby, Sir Ralph, 30 + Sir Robert, 30 + +Abraham, Harry, 48 + Joseph, 47 + +Abstention in replying to circular, suggested reasons for, xxxiv + +Abydos, kings of earliest dynasties at, 53 + +Abyssinian Expedition, 5, 44 + +Accident, definition of, xx + +Achromatic microscope, 40 + +"Adam Smith, Life of," 13 + +Adelaide, South Australia, 6 + +Ainslie, Sir Whitelaw, 28 + +Airy, Sir George B., 59 + +Albert, bust of Prince, 70 + Memorial, 70 + +"Alert," 44 + +Alexandria, defeat of French at, 30 + +Allardice, Robert Barclay, 22 + +"All on the Irish Shore," 78 + +Ancestry, direct, xxxii + +"Ancient Cubit and our Weights and Measures," 76 + +"Ankylostomiasis in Mines," 28 + +"Antiseptic Treatment in Surgery," 39 + +Ashburton, first Baron, 4 + +"Ashburton Treaty," 4 + +"Arabia, A Year's Journey through Eastern and Central," 52 + +Archæology, British School of, at Athens, 7 + +Arctic Voyages, 42-44 + +Arkwright, Sir Richard, 3 + +Artistic Temperament and Bohemianism, xv + +"Athenæum," 62 + +Augusta, H.M. Empress, 9 + +Austen, Sir Henry E, 26 + Robert, 26 + +Autotype process, 47 + +Avebury, Lord, 41, 80 + + +Balfour, Andrew, 11 + Isaac Bayley, 11 + John Hutton, 11 + Right Hon. A.J., 1 + Professor F.M., 1 + Right Hon. Gerald, 1 + +Balfour-Browne, John Hutton, 11 + +Ball, Sir Charles B., 3 + Sir Robert S., 2, 80 + Robert, 2, 80 + Valentine, 3, 80 + +Bangor, Dean of, 76 + +Barclay, Capt., of Ury, 22 + +Barnard, Frederick, 56 + George, 56 + Harold L., 56 + +Baring Brothers and Co., 4 + Alexander, 4 + Charles, 4 + Evelyn, 4 + Sir Francis, 3 + Francis Thornhill, 4 + Thomas, 4 + Thomas George, 3 + +Baring-Gould, Rev. S., 5 + +Bass, George, 53 + +Batten, Emelia, 74 + George, 65 + +Bateson, xlii + +"_Beagle_, Voyage of," 18 + +"Beduins, With the," 33 + +Belper, Lord, 24 + +Bell's "British Quadrupeds," 71 + +Bentham, Samuel, 24 + +Berlin waterworks, 24 + +Bernard, Charles B., Bishop of Tuam, 61 + +Bewick, 37 + +"Biography, Dictionary of National," xiv + +Blanford, H.F., 6 + William, 5 + W.T., 5 + +Blood, Professor W. Bindon, 62 + General Sir Bindon, 62 + +Bohemianism and artistic temperament, xv + +Bonamy Price, Professor, xvi + +Booth, Right Hon. Charles, 6, 57 + Henry, 6 + James, 6 + Thomas, 6 + +Bosanquet, Bernard, 7 + C.B.P., 7 + Vice-Admiral Day Hort, 7 + Sir John Bernard, 7 + Robert C., 7 + R.H.M., 7 + +"Botanic Garden," 17 + +Bottomley, James Thomson, 8, 69 + +Bramwell, Lord, 36 + Sir Frederick, 36 + +Brandis, C.A., 9, 83 + Sir Dietrich, 8, 83 + Joachim D., 9 + Johannes, 9 + +Bray, Anna Eliza, 38 + +Brewster, Sir David, 11 + +Bright, statue of John, 70 + +Britons, Ancient, 20 + +Brodrick, Charles, Archbishop of Cashel, 60 + George C. (Warden of Merton), 61 + Right Hon. William St. J., 61 + W.J., seventh Viscount Midleton, 61 + +Brodrick Scott, Charles, 61 + +Brothers, average number of, for any person, xxxi + +Brown, Professor A. Crum, 9, 82 + General David, 72 + John, of Haddington (1722-1787), 9 + John, of Whitburn (1754-1832), 10 + John, of Biggor (1784-1858), 10, 82 + John, M.D., 10 + John (engineer), 75 + +Browne, Sir J. Crichton, 11, 82 + W.A.F., 11, 82 + +Brunel, Isambard, 35 + +Buller, Sir Arthur, 65 + Charles, 65 + Isabella B., 64 + +Burdon, Sir Thomas, 12 + +Burdon-Sanderson, Sir John S., 12, 29 + Richard, 12 + +Burke's "Peerage," xix + +Burrows, Professor R.M., 68 + +Bushe, Charles Kendal, 78 + Seymour Coghill Hort, 78 + + +Calcott, Sir Augustus Wall, 35 + John Wall, 35 + +Cambrian Pottery Works, 46 + +Camperdown, Earl of, 30 + Viscount Duncan of, 30 + +"Canadian Men and Women of the Time," 58 + +Candidates for Fellowship of Royal Society, number of, xi + +Caricaturists on women who study hard, xv + +Cashel, Archbishop of, 60 + +Cecil, family of, 2 + +"Celebes, Naturalist in North," 32 + +Celebrity, reasons why men who have attained to the highest, fail to + leave worthy successors, if any, xv + +Cerebration, unconscious, xviii + +Ceylon pearl fisheries, 31 + +Chance, xx + +Chantrey, 70 + +"Challenger Reports," 49, 62 + +Charity Organization Society, 7 + +"Charles R. Darwin, Life and Letters of," 18, 19 +Chree, Alex. B., 14 + Charles, D.D., 14 + Charles, F.R.S., 13 + Jessie S., 14 + William, 14 + +Christchurch, New Zealand, Archdeacon of, 60 + +Church, Professor A.H., 15 + Rev. A.J., 15 + H.F., 15 + +"Church Architecture, History of English," 60 + +Church Missionary Society, 72, 73 + +Cinchona-bearing trees, 44 + +Circular sent to Fellows of Royal Society, ix, xxviii + +Clive, Lord, 64 + +Clogher, Bishop of, 43 + +Cochrane, Lord, 49 + +Coghill, Admiral Sir J., 78 + Colonel Kendal, 77 + +Cohen, Meyer (Sir F. Palgrave), 51 + +Coke, Elizabeth, 54 + Thomas W., 54 + +Collaterals, xxxii + +"Colliery Explosions, Cause of Death in," 28 + +Colonial Office, 59 + +COMPARISON OF RESULTS WITH AND WITHOUT MARKS IN THE SIXTY-FIVE + FAMILIES, xxxvii + +Compton, Henry, 48 + +CONCLUSIONS, xxxix + +Constituents, incongruous, in highest order of mind, xv + +Constitutional disease, proneness of particular families to, x + +"Contracts, Specific Performance of," 21 + +Conversation, rapid, xviii + +Coomassie, relief of, 44 + +Copeman, A.C., 16 + Edward, 16 + Peter, 16 + S.M., 15 +Copyright Act, 50 + +Cork, Bishop of, 43 + +Correlation, negative, between constituents of highest order of + mind, xv + +Cotterill, Arthur, 17 + Henry (Senior Wrangler), 17 + Professor J.H., 16 + Joseph M. (surgeon), 17 + Joseph M., D.D., 17 + Rev. Thomas, 16 + Thomas (mathematician), 17 + +Counties in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, number required + to provide one F.R.S. annually, xii + +Cousins, first, of F.R.S., xl + +Crewe, first Earl of, 50 + +Crewe-Milnes, R.O.A., first Earl of, 50 + +Crete, 20 + +Cromer, first Earl, 4 + +Crompton, Charles, 6, 57 + Henry, 6, 57 + +"Cromwell, Oliver, the Protector," 52 + +Crum, Alexander, 10 + Walter, 10 + +Cuneiform writing, 47 + + +Dalton, 24 + +Danish gunboat flotilla, defeat of, in the Belt, 76 + +Daphnæ, Greek settlements at, 53 + +Darjeeling, 26 + +Darwin, Charles (medical student), 18 + Charles R. (author of "Origin of Species," etc.), 18, 23, 81 + Erasmus (author of "Zoonomia," etc.), 17, 23 + Erasmus (grandson of the author of "Zoonomia") 18 + Professor Francis, 19, 81 + Professor G.H. (now Sir George), 17, 81 + Horace, 19, 81 + Major Leonard, 19 + Robert W., 18 + +Davy, Sir Humphry, 56 + +Degrees of eminence in "noteworthy" persons, xxxv + of remoteness of kinship, xxviii +De la Rue, 33 + +Delane, 62 + +Denmark, Queen of, 9 + +"Dental Anatomy, Manual of," 70 + +"Dental Surgery," 71 + +Dentists Act, 71 + +Descendants, direct, xxxii + +De Vries, xlii + +Devonshire, geology of, 26 + +De Winter, Admiral, 30 + +Dickens, illustrations to, 56 + +Dickinson, John, F.R.S., 20 + John, 21 + +"Dictionary of National Biography," xiv + +Dillwyn, Lewis Weston, 46 + +Diminution of frequency of noteworthiness with increase of distance + of kinship, xxxix + +Dundas and Wilson, 8 + Sir David, 8 + David, 8 + George, 8 + John, 8 + Lord, 8 + Ralph, 7 + +Duff, _vide_ Grant Duff + +Duncan, Adam, Viscount Duncan of Camperdown, 30 + +Durham, Bishop of, 4 + Lord, 65 + + +"Ecce Homo," 15 + +Eccentricity in families of able scientific men, xvi + +"Economist," 51 + +Edgeworth, R.L., 24 + +"Edinburgh Encyclopædia," 11 + +"Education, Memoirs on," 13 + +Egerton, Right Hon. Sir Edwin, 45 +Egypt, 4 + +Elias, Ney, 26 + +Eldon, first Earl of, 13, 30 + +"Electrical Testing, Handbook of," 38 + +"Electrical Review," 38 + +Eminence, degrees of, in "noteworthy" persons, xxxv + +"Encyclopædia Britannica," xiv + +Energy as a factor in success, xviii + +"England and Normandy, History of," 51 + Number of counties of, xii + +"English Men of Science," xiii + +"Environment," xx + Nature of, xxi; relation between this and ability in producing + noteworthiness, xxi-xxv + +"Etymological Dictionary," 19 + +Eugenics, vii, xli, 22 + +Evans, Anne, 20 + Arthur Benoni, 20 + Arthur J., 20, 80 + Sir John, 20, 80 + Lewis, 20 + Sebastian, 20 + +Excursion trains, 33 + +Exhibition buildings in Hyde Park, 24 + +Expectations of noteworthiness, xxxix + +Express trains, 33 + + +Faraday, Michael, 56 + +"Farm, The Chemistry of the," 75 + +Farrer, Lord Herschell, 13 + +Fathers of F.R.S., xl + +"Fauna of the Deep Sea," 32 + +F.R.S., reasons for selecting, as subject for inquiry, xiii; + circulars sent to, xxviii; number of replies sent to circulars, + xxix + +Fellowship of Royal Society, distinction of, xi; material value of, + xi; number of candidates for, xi +"Ferrier, Life of," 29 + +Fertile relatives, number of in each degree, xxxii + +Fertility, connection between, and severe mental strain, xv + +Finger-prints, identification by, 22 + +Fisher, Sir George, 67 + +Fitzgerald, Professor G. Francis, 63 + Professor Maurice, 63 + +Fletcher, Harriet, 57 + Maria, 57 + +Fleury, Rev. Charles M., 43 + Ven. George L., 43 + +Flinders, Matthew, 53 + +Foljambe, Right Hon. Francis, 44 + +Forbes, David, Biography of, 25 + +Foster, Anthony, 42 + Sir Augustus J., 43 + Ebenezer, 27 + John, Baron Oriel, 42 + John Leslie, 43 + John William, M.P., 42 + Vere H.L., 43 + William, D.D., 43 + +"Fossil Botany, Studies in," 59 + +"Foundations of Belief," 1 + +"_Fox_, The Voyage of the," 42 + +Fox, Sir Charles, 24 + +France, Geology of, 26 + +Francis, John, 70 + +Franco-German War, 9 + +"Franklin, The Fate of Sir John," 42 + +Fry, Edmund, 21 + Right Hon. Sir Edward, 21 + Francis, 21 + Joseph, 21 + Joseph Storrs, 21 + J.S. and Co., 21 + Right Hon. Lewis, 21 + + +Galton, Sir Douglas, 23 + Francis, 19, 22 + Samuel, 22 + +Geikie, Sir A., 24 + Cunningham, 25 + James, 25 + James Stewart, 25 + Walter, 25 + Walter Bayne, 25 + +"Genius, Hereditary," xiv, xvii + +Genius, definition of, xvii; heredity of, xvii + +"Genera Plantarum," 34 + +"Geography, Lectures on," 64 + +"Geology of England and Wales," 78 + +Gloucester and Bristol, C. Baring, Bishop of, 4 + +Godwin, Major-General Sir Thomas H., 26 + +Godwin-Austen, Harold, 26 + Lieutenant-Colonel H.H., 26, 80 + Maria E., 26 + R.A.C., 26, 80 + +"Gonville and Caius Coll., A Biographical History of," 72 + +"Golden Treasury," 51 + +Gordon, statue of General, 70 + +Gotch, Professor F., 27 + Fredrick W., 27 + Thomas Cooper, 27 + +Grant, Jane Maria, 66 + Sir J.P. (Indian Judge), 66 + Sir J.P. (Indian and Colonial Governor), 66 + +Grant Duff, Adrian, 28 + Arthur C., 28 + Evelyn M., 28 + James, 28, 83 + Right Hon. Sir M.E., 27, 83 + +Granville, statue of Lord, 70 + +Greene, H.W., 78 + +Grey, second Earl, 5 + Hon. Lady, 4 + Charles, 5 + Sir George, 5 + +Griffin, Vice-Admiral William, 62 + +Gurney, Ellen, 74 + Mrs. Russell, 74 + +Haden, Dr. Charles T., 35 + Sir F. Seymour, 35 + Dr. Thomas, 35 + +Hague, Court of International Arbitration at the, 21 + +Haldane, Alex. Chinnery, 29 + Daniel R., 29 + Elizabeth Sanderson, 13, 29 + James A., 29 + Lieutenant-Colonel J.A.L., 29 + J.S., 13, 28 + Robert, 29 + Right Hon. R.B., 13, 29 + +Halkett, General, 37 + +"Harmony, Textbook of," 35 + +Hartmann, Julius von, 9 + +"Harvesting Ants," 46 + +"Hastings and the Rohilla War," 65 + +Hastings, Warren, 44 + +Hausmann, Friedrich, 9 + +"Heather Hills, My," 25 + +"Hebrew Politics in the Time of Sargon and Sennacherib," 65 + +Hegel's "History of Philosophy," 29 + +"Heine, Heinrich, Songs and Lyrics by," 25 + +Hellicar, Ames, 3 + +Herbert Hospital at Woolwich, 23 + +"Hereditary Genius," xiv, xvii, xlii + +Herdman, J.C. (senior), 31 + J.C. (junior), 31 + Robert, 31, 84 + Sophia, 31 + William, 31 + Professor W.A., 30, 84 + +Herschell, first Lord, 13 + +Hewett, Bertram H.M., 27 + +"Hibbert Journal," 40 + +Hickson, Professor S.J., 31 + W.E., 32 + +HIGHEST ORDER OF ABILITY, xiv + +"Highland Lady, Memoirs of a," 66 + +Hill, Arthur, 32 + Edward B.L., 33 + Edwin, 33 + G. Birkbeck, 32 + Sir John E.G., 33 + Professor Leonard, 32 + Matthew Davenport, 33 + Norman, 33 + Sir Rowland, 33 + Thomas W., 33 + +"Hindoostan, Materia Medica of," 28 + +Hodgkin, maiden name of Lady Fry, 22 + +Hogarth, 37 + +Homan, Mrs. Ruth, 32 + +Home Office, 59 + +Hooker, Sir Joseph D., 34, 82 + Sir William J., 34, 82 + +Horsley, Charles E., 35 + John Callcott, 35, 84 + Sir V., 27, 34, 84 + William, 34 + +Houghton, Lord, 50 + +"Huia, The," 38 + + +Ignorance concerning noteworthiness of kinsmen in distant degree, + xxxviii + +Imaginative power near to lunacy, xv + +"Immortality, Ode to," xvi + +Incongruous constituents in highest order of mind, xv + +"India," 65 + +"India, Finances and Public Works of," 64 + +India Office, 59 + +Indian Meteorological Department, 6 + +"Industrial Conciliation," 7 + +Intensity of any specified quality in each or any degree of kinship, + how measured, xxix + +"Internal Motion of Gases," 62 + +Ireland, number of counties of, xii +"Italian Poets, Lives of," 62 + + +Jackson, George, 75 + +Jenkinson, Sir Edward, 5 + +Jevons, W. Stanley, 57 + +Jerusalem, archæology of, 76 + +Johnstone, Professor Robert, 10 + +Joly, Henry Edward, 36 + Jasper Robert, 37 + John, 36 + Rev. John P., 36 + Mary, 37 + +"Journal of Hygiene," 13, 28 + + +Kashmir, 26, 27 + +"Kempe and Kemp Families, A History of the," 38 + +Kempe, Alfred Bray, 37, 82 + Alfred John, 37 + Edward, 38 + Harry Robert, 38 + John Arrow, 38 + John E., 37, 82 + +Kelvin, Lord, 68 + +Khartoum, Battle of, 46 + +Kilmore, Bishop of, 43 + +"King Alfred," 57 + +King, George, 69 + +KINSFOLK, NOTEWORTHY, NUMBER OF IN EACH DEGREE, xxxiii + NUMBER OF IN EACH DEGREE, xxviii + NUMBER OF IN 100 FAMILIES, WHO SURVIVED CHILDHOOD, xxx + of each person, difficulty of obtaining number of, x; reasons for + difficulty, x + +KINSMEN, NUMBER OF NOTEWORTHY, RECORDED IN 207 RETURNS, xl + +KINSHIP, NOMENCLATURE OF, xxvi + +Kirkpatrick, Lieutenant-General, 64 + +Knossos, Palace of, 20 + +Koptos, prehistoric Egyptian at, 53 + +Kynaston, Professor Herbert, 67 + +Labouchere, Henry, 4 + +Lamarck, 17 + +Lancaster, Joseph, 24 + +Lankester, Edwin, 38, 81 + E. Forbes, 39 + Professor E. Ray, 38, 81 + Fay, 39 + Nina, 39 + Phebe, 39 + S. Rushton, 39 + +Larmor, Dr., 63 + +"Lay Texts," 66 + +Leicester, Earl of, 54 + +"Leo X.," 57 + +"Life in Early Britain," 77 + +Liverpool Cathedral, 60 + +Lister, Lord, 39, 81 + Arthur, 40, 81 + Arthur H., 40 + Gulielma, 40 + J.J. (biologist), 40 + J.J. (optical investigator), 40, 81 + +Llewelyn, John Dillwyn, 46 + +Lodge, Alfred, 41 + Eleanor C., 41 + George E., 41 + Sir Oliver, 40 + Richard, 40 + Robert J., 40 + +Lombroso, xvi + +"London, Life and Labour of People of," 6 + +"Lorenzo de' Medici, Life of," 57 + +Lubbock, Edgar, 42 + Sir John, 41, 80 + Right Hon. Sir John, 41 + Sir John William, 41, 80 + Sir Neville, 42 + +Lunacy and imaginative power, xvi + +Lusi, Frederick, Comte de (soldier), 37 + Frederick, Comte de (statesman), 36 + Spiridion, Comte de, 37 + + +Macaulay, 24 + +McClintock, Alfred H., 43 + Sir Francis L., 42 + H.F., 43 + John, Lord Rathdonell, 43 + J.W.L., 43 + Patience, 42 + R.S., 44 + +Macdowall, Hay, 7 + +Mackenzie, Charles, 48 + Sir Morell, 48 + Sir Stephen, 48 + +"Mahrattas, History of the," 28 + +Manor, Lord, 8 + +Mariner's compass, 69 + +Markham, Admiral Sir Albert, 44 + Sir Clements R., 44 + Lieutenant-General Sir Edwin, 44 + George, 45 + Admiral John, 45 + William (Archbishop of York), 45 + William, 44 + +Marks applied to degree of noteworthiness, xxxvi + +Maskelyne, M.H.N. Story, 45 + Nevil, 45 + +Masterman, J. Story, 46 + +Material on which book is based, ix + +Melbourne, Lord, 4 + +Meldola, David, 47 + Raphael F.R.S., 47 + Raphael (High Rabbi), 47 + +"Mentone, Flora of," 46 + +Merit, standard of, xiii + +"Merton Coll., Memorials of," 61 + +Miall, Edward, 48 + Rev. J.G., 48, 82 + Lewis C., 48, 82 + Stephen, 48 + +Micrometers, machine for ruling, 75 + +Miers, Edward J., 49 + Francis Charles, 49 + Professor H.A., 49 + John, 49 + +"Middle Ages, Close of," 41 + +Midleton, seventh Viscount, 61 + +Mill, 24 + James, 64 + +Milner, Right Hon. Sir Frederick, 44 + +Milnes, R. Monckton, Lord Houghton, 50 + R. Pemberton, 50 + R.S., 49 + +"Mineralogy," 49 + +"Modern Science," restriction to term as used on title-page, xiii + +Moggridge, Traherne, 46 + +"Mollusca, Manual of," 79 + +"Monumental Effigies of Great Britain," 38 + +"Moon and Stars, Memoirs of Heat of," 52 + +Moore, Thomas, 24; "Life and Letters of," 24 + +Morgan, M.E. de, 55 + +"Mosses, British," 21 + +Murchison, Sir R., Biography of, 25 + +"Musical Grammar," 35 + +"Mycetozoa," 21 + Monograph on, 40 + + +Naqada, prehistoric Egyptians at, 53 + +"National Biography, Dictionary of," xiv + +"Nature," xxxi, xxxii + +Naucratis, Greek settlements at, 53 + +Nautical Almanac, 45 + +Nebulæ, discovery of, 52 + +Nelson, bust of Miss Horatio, 70 + +Newton, Professor Alfred, 49 + A.W., 50 + Sir Edward, 50 + F.J., 50 + Lieutenant-General H.P., 50 + R. Milnes, 50 + William, 49 + General W.S., 50 + +New York, tunnel under river in, 27 + +NOMENCLATURE OF KINSHIP, xxvi + +"Nonconformist," 48 + +Northbrook, first Baron, 4 + first Earl of, 3 + +Norwich, Roman Catholic Cathedral at, 60 + +NOTEWORTHY KINSFOLK, NUMBER OF IN EACH DEGREE, xxxiii + +Noteworthy, use of term in present work, xiii, xiv + +NOTEWORTHIES, PROPORTION OF TO THE GENERALITY, xviii + +NOTEWORTHINESS, xi + MARKED AND UNMARKED DEGREES OF, xxxv + AS A MEASURE OF ABILITY, xx + +Noteworthiness as achieved, xix; statistically the outcome of ability + and environment, xxi; in women, xxxiii; diminution of frequency of, + with increase of distance of kinship, xxxix; expectation of, xxxix + +NUMBER OF KINSFOLK IN EACH DEGREE, xxviii + OF KINSFOLK IN 100 FAMILIES WHO SURVIVED CHILDHOOD, xxx + OF NOTEWORTHY KINSFOLK IN EACH DEGREE, xxxiii + NUMBER OF NOTEWORTHY KINSMEN RECORDED IN 207 RETURNS, xl + + +"Ode to Immortality," xvi + +Oriel, Lord, 42 + +"Origin of Species," 18 + +Otho, King, 9 + +Owen, Robert, 24 + + +Palestine, Reconnaissance of, 76 + +Palgrave, Elizabeth (née Dawson Turner), 51 + Sir Francis, 51, 83 + Francis Turner, 51 + Sir Reginald F.D., 52 + R.H.I., 51, 83 + W. Giffard, 52 + +Parliamentary representatives, methods for electing, xxxv + +Parsons, Charles A., 52, 80 + Lawrence, fourth Earl of Rosse, 52, 80 + William, third Earl of Rosse, 52, 80 + +Peacock, 64 +Peel, Sir Robert's, Cabinet, 4 + +"Penelope," 39 + +Penny postage, 33 + +Percy anecdotes, 37 + +Persian Boundary Commission, 5 + +Petrie, Anne Flinders, 53 + Martin, 53 + Matthew, 53 + William, 53, 81 + Professor W.M. Flinders, 53, 81 + +"Philobiblon Society," 50 + +Pickering, Anne Maria, 54 + Edward Hayes, 54 + Percival, 55 + Percival Andrée, 54, 83 + P.S.U., 54, 83 + +Piel seafish hatchery, 31 + +Pine, William, 21 + +Place, Francis, 49 + +"Platæa and Olympia," 54 + +Plowden, Sir Henry Meredith, 66 + Sir Trevor Chichele, 66 + +Plymouth, 4 + +"Poets on Poets," 66 + +"Political Economy, Dictionary of," 51 + +Political life, factors conducive to noteworthiness in, xxi + +"Political Studies," 61 + +Polynesian race, 78 + +Pope, Samuel, 39 + +Port Erin Biological Station, 31 + +Positivist Community, 7 + +Price, Professor Bonamy, xvi + +PROPORTION OF NOTEWORTHIES TO THE GENERALITY, xviii + +Prussia, Queen of, 9 + +Punakha, 26 + +"Punch," 56 + + +"Q.J.M.S.," 39 + + +Radium, 68 + +Ramsay, Sir Andrew C., 55 + Sir William, 55 + William, 55 + +Rathdonell, Lord, 43 + +Rayleigh, third Baron, 68, 81 + Lady, 2 + +Reform Bill, 5 + Movement, 74 + +Reid, Clement, 56 + Margery A., 56 + +"Reminiscences of an Irish R.M." 78 + +Remoteness of kinship, degrees of, xxviii + +Repute, built up by repeated testings of intelligence, energy, and + character, xix + +"Richelieu," 41 + +"Rise and Progress of English Commonwealth," 51 + +Robarts, Lubbock and Co., 41 + +Robertson, Robert, 55 + +Roscoe, Henry, 57, 83 + Sir Henry E., 7, 56, 83 + Robert, 57 + Thomas, 57 + William, 57 + W. Caldwell, 57 + William Stanley, 57 + +Rosse, third Earl of, 52, 80 + fourth Earl of, 52, 80 + +"Rothamsted Experiments, Lectures on the," 75 + +Routh, Dr. Amand J. McC., 59 + Dr. C.H.F., 58 + Edward J., 58 + Sir Randolph I., 58 + +Royal Exchange Assurance Corporation, 41, 42 + +Royal Institution, Francis Galton's lecture before, in 1864, xiii + +"Royal Society's Year Book," xiii, xxviii +Russell, Lord John, 5 + +"Rubayat" of Omar Khayum, 78 + + +Salisbury, third Marquis of, 2 + +Sanderson, Sir James, 12 + +Sattara State, 28 + +Schimmelpenninck, 22 + +Scholastic successes, a doubtful indication of future performance, xxxiv + +Scotland, number of counties of, xii + +Scott, Charles Brodrick, 61 + Charles William, 61 + Dukinfield Henry, 59, 84 + Edward Ashley, 61 + General Edward William, 61 + Ven. Edwin A., Archdeacon of Christchurch, New Zealand, 60 + Professor Hercules, 72 + George Digby, 61 + Sir George Gilbert, 59, 84 + George Gilbert, 60 + Giles Gilbert, 60 + Henry George, 60 + James George, Archdeacon of Dublin, 61 + James Smyth, 61 + John, Lord Eldon, 13, 30 + Sir John, 33 + John Pendred, 60 + Ven. Melville H., Archdeacon of Stafford, 60 + Robert Henry, 60 + Canon Thomas, 60 + Thomas (Biblical commentator), 59 + Thomas (of Queen's College, Cambridge), 59 + William, Lord Stowell, 13, 30 + +"Scottish Character and Scenery, Etchings Illustrative of," 25 + +Secret history of family, importance of, x + +Seeley, Sir John R., 15 + +Sex of one child no clue of importance to that of any other child in + same family, xxxi + +Sibley, George, 71 + +Sidgwick, Mrs. Henry, 1 + +Simpson, Alfred, 5 + +Siphon recorder, 68 + +Sisters, average number of, for any person, xxxi + +Social rank, effects of, in producing noteworthiness, xxi + world, vastness of, xvii + +"Soil, Physical Properties of the," 75 + +Sola, Abram de, 47 + +Somerville, Comm. Boyle, 78 + E.O., 78 + +"Sound, Theory of," 68 + +Smyth, H. Warington, 46 + Major N. Maskelyne, 46 + +Specific kinship, forms of, xxvi; abbreviation for, xxvi + +"Spectator," 65 + +Spencer, Lord, 5 + +Spencer Stanhope, A.M.W., 54 + John, 54 + John R., 55 + Sir Walter, 55 + +Sports, xlii + +Stafford, Archdeacon of, 60 + +Standard of merit used, xiii + +Stanhope, John Spencer, 54 + +Stanley, Lord, 43 + +Stebbing, Rev. Henry, 62, 83 + Rev. T.R.R., 62, 83 + William, 62 + +Stephen, Sir James Fitzjames, 73 + Sir Leslie, 73 + +Stephenson, 6 + +Stewart-Wilson, Charles, 10 + +Stirling, Anna M.D.W., 55 + +Stoney, Bindon Blood, 63 + Gerald, 63 + G. Johnstone, 62 + +Story, A.M.R., 45 + +Stothard, Charles A., 38 + +Stowell, first Baron, 13, 30 + +Strachey, Sir Arthur, 65 + Edward, 64 + Sir Edward, 65, 83 + George, 65 + Giles Lytton, 66 + Colonel Henry, 65 + Sir Henry (first Bart.), 64 + Sir Henry (second Bart.), 64 + Sir John, 64 + Joan Pernel, 66 + John, F.R.S. (geologist), 65 + John, Archdeacon of Suffolk, 65 + John, St. Loe, 65 + J. Beaumont, 66 + Marjorie Colvile, 67 + Oliver, 66 + Lieut.-General Sir Richard, 63, 83 + Richard, 64 + +Strahan, Aubrey, 67 + Charles, 67 + George, 67 + +Strain, severe mental, connection between this and fertility, xv + +Stratification, theory of, 65 + +"Structural Botany, Introduction to," 59 + +Strutt, Edward, Baron Belper, 24 + Hon. E.G., 68 + Jedediah, 23 + Joseph, 25 + William, 24 + +Strutt, John W., Lord Rayleigh, 68, 81 + Hon. Robert J., 68, 81 + +"Student's Modern Europe," 41 + +Success in obtaining Fellowships of Royal Society, xii; how achieved, + xviii, xix; factors producing, xx + +"Sun and Stars, Physical Constitution of," 62 + +Surnames as affecting knowledge of distant kinsmen, xxxviii + +Sykes, Daniel, 74 + Joseph, 74 + +Symonds, John Addington, 65 + + +TABLES: + I. Combinations of Ability and Environment, xxiii + II. Ability Independent of Environment, xxiv + III. Ability Correlated with Environment, xxv + IV. Abbreviations, xxvii + V. Number of kinsfolk in One Hundred Families who survived + Childhood, xxx + VI. Comparison of Results with and without Marks in the Sixty-five + Families, xxxvii + VII. Number of Noteworthy Kinsmen recorded in 207 Returns, xl + +"Tales for Children," 57 + +Talbot, C.R.M., 46 + W.H.F., 46 + +Talbotype process, 47 + +Taschereau, Cardinal E.A., 58 + Hon. H.E., 58 + Hon. J.T., 58 + Hon. Sir Henri T., 58 + +Taunton, first Baron, 4 + +Telescope, reflecting, at Parsonstown, 52 + +Thames Plate Glass Company, 5 + +Thebes, Israelite War at, 53 + +Thoms, William, 25 + +Thomson, Professor James (civil engineer), 8, 69, 81 + Professor James (mathematician), 8, 69, 81 + John, 69 + William, Lord Kelvin, 68, 81 + +"Thornliebank Co.," 11 + +Thornycroft, Mary, 70 + Sir John I., 70, 84 + Thomas, 70, 84 + W. Hamo, 70 + +"Time and Faith," 32 + +"Times," 61, 62 + +Tippoo Sultan, reduction of, 30 + +Tomes, Charles S., 70, 82 + Sir John, 71, 82 + Robert Fisher, 71 + +Trail, John Arbuthnot, 72 + Professor James W.H., 71, 82 + Samuel, 71, 82 + +Transportation, Bill abolishing, 5 + +"Trapdoor Spiders," 46 + +"Tribune," 50 + +Tuam, Bishop of, 61 + +"Tyson's Pygmies of the Ancients," 77 + + +Unconscious brain-work, abnormally developed powers of genius, xvii + +Vatcher, Marion, 39 + Rev. Sydney, 39 + +"Veldt in the Seventies, On the," 76 + +"Venn, Family Annals," 74 + +Venn, Henry (1725-1797), 73 + Henry (1796-1873), 73, 82 + John (1759-1813), 72 + John (1802-1890), 73 + John (b. 1834), 72, 82 + Richard, 74 + +Vicars, Major-General Edward, 68 + +Victoria, bust of, 70 + +"Vittoria Colonna, Life of," 57 + +"Vortex water-wheel," 69 + + +Wales, number of counties of, xii + +Warington, George, 75 + Robert, 75, 81 + Professor Robert, 75, 81 + +Warren, Major-General Sir Charles (1798-1866), 76 + General Sir Charles (b. 1840), 76 + Vice-Admiral Frederick, 76 + John (Dean of Bangor), 76 + John (mathematician), 77 + Dr. Pelham, 76 + Dr. Richard (1731-1797), 77 + Dr. Richard (b. 1876), 77 + +Waterford, Archdeacon of, 43 + +Waterloo, Battle of, 58 + +Waterlow, Sir Ernest, 32 + Sir Sydney H., 32 + +Wealth, effects of, in producing noteworthiness, xxi + +Wedgwood, Hensleigh, 19 + Josiah, 18, 19 + Julia, 19 + Thomas, 18 + +Wellesley, 64 + +Wellington, bust of Duke of, 70 + +Wells, Dean of, 61 + +"Westminster Review," 32 + +Wheler, Edward G., 23 +Whitbread, maiden name of the Hon. Lady Grey, 4 + +"Who's Who," xii, xiv + +"Wild Flowers Worth Notice," 39 + +Willcocks, Sir G., 44 + +Windle, Professor B.C.A., 77 + +Women who study hard, characteristics of, xv; noteworthiness in, xxxiii + +Woodward, Bernard Bolingbroke, 79 + Bernard Henry, 79 + Henry, 79 + H.B., 78, 81 + H.P., 79 + H.W., 79 + M.F., 79 + Samuel, 78 + Samuel Pickworth, 79, 81 + +Wordsworth, xvi + +Work, possibility of extension of, ix; object of, ix + + +Yarkand, 26 + +York, Archbishop of, 45 + Dean of, 45 + + +"Zoonomia," 17 + + + + +THE END + + +BILLING AND SONS, LTD., PRINTERS, GUILDFORD + + + +THE CHEMISTRY OF PROTEIDS. By S.B. SCHRYVER, D.Sc., Lecturer in +Physiological Chemistry to University College, London. With Diagrams. +Demy 8vo. + + +HUMAN BLOOD. An Introduction to the Normal and Pathological +Morphology of Human Blood. Eight Lectures delivered in the +Pathological Laboratory of the University of London. By G.A. +BUCKMASTER, M.A., D.M. (Oxford), Lecturer on Physiology in St. +George's Hospital Medical School. With Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 10s. +6d. net. + + +THE TREATMENT OF SOME ACUTE VISCERAL INFLAMMATIONS; and other Papers. +By DAVID B. LEES, M.A., M.D. Cantab., F.R.C.P. Lond., formerly +Scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge; Senior Physician to the +Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street; Physician to St. +Mary's Hospital. Crown 8vo. 6s. net. + + "Dr. Lees' 'Treatment of Some Acute Visceral Inflammations' will + prove a welcome addition to the literature dealing with the + treatment of visceral inflammations. His experience is very wide, + and the success which has followed the various methods advocated + for the relief of dilatation of the heart, pericarditis, and + other local inflammatory processes proves the correctness of the + principles upon which his treatment is based.... We warmly + commend the perusal of this volume, not only to practitioners, + but to medical students."--_British Medical Journal._ + + +BIOCHEMISTRY OF MUSCLE AND NERVE. By W.D. HALLIBURTON, M.D., F.R.S., +Professor of Physiology, King's College, London; Editor of Kirkes' +"Handbook of Physiology." With Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 7s. 6d. net. + + +THIRD EDITION. + +THE RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE. By W.C.D. WHETHAM, M.A., +F.R.S., Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Illustrated. Large +Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d. net. + + "Mr. Whetham's book will be welcomed. Its appearance is highly + opportune. There probably never was a time when a clear and + compendious account of contemporary physical research was more + needed.... He has performed a difficult task with conspicuous + success. His exposition is as clear and simple as the nature of + the subject permits, and his language is felicitous."--_Times._ + + +SIGNS OF LIFE. A Series of Lectures on Physiology. 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