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diff --git a/17124-8.txt b/17124-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..293eced --- /dev/null +++ b/17124-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,632 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Atlas of Ancient and Classical Geography +by Samuel Butler + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Atlas of Ancient and Classical Geography + +Author: Samuel Butler + +Editor: Ernest Rhys + +Release Date: November 21, 2005 [EBook #17124] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ATLAS OF ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY *** + + + + +Produced by Mike Calder-Smith + + +Scanned, interpreted, and amended in the United Kingdom by Mike Calder-Smith. Insofar as any copyright by any legal theory exists in this work by scanning, interpretation, or addition, such rights are freely given into the Public Domain. + + + + +THE ATLAS OF ANCIENT AND CLASSICAL GEOGRAPHY + +By Samuel Butler + +Edited by Ernest Rhys + + + +Note from the Editor of the Electronic version. + +Scanned, interpreted, and amended in the United Kingdom by Mike +Calder-Smith. Insofar as any copyright by any legal theory exists in +this work by scanning, interpretation, or addition, such rights are +freely given into the Public Domain. + + +The maps of the Classical Atlas have been scanned at a sufficient +resolution to enable easy reading, but they may not display at an +appropriate scale, depending on screen size, resolution, and window +size; we recommend you use software that allows zooming to view them. + +The numbers of the maps given in the Index pages are the same as those +in the list in the main body of the Atlas, allowing cross-reference. + +Note that the Latitude and Longitude given in the Index pages are from +Greenwich, while the maps, as common with many of the times, have grids +with Longitudes given both from Greenwich and Ferro. If you use the +latter you won't find your target. + + + + +INTRODUCTION + +The accompanying Atlas has been included in this series for the greater +convenience of the reader of "Grote's Greece" and other works that ask +a continual reference to maps of ancient and classical geography. The +disadvantage of having to turn perpetually from the text of a volume to +a map at its end, or a few pages away, is often enough to prevent the +effective use of the one in elucidating the other. Despite some slight +variations of spelling in the classical place-names used by different +authors, there need be no difficulty in adapting the same Atlas to +various works, whether they are English versions of historians like +Herodotus or Livy, or English histories of the ancient world, such as +Grote's and Gibbon's. Taking the case of Grote, he preferred, as we +know, the use of the "K" in Greek names to the usual equivalent "C," and +he retained other special forms of certain words. A comparative list of +a few typical names which appear both in the index to his "History of +Greece" in this series, and in the index to the present Atlas, will show +that the variation between the two is regular and, fairly uniform and +easy to remember: + + +GROTE'S spelling CLASSICAL ATLAS GROTE'S SPELLING CLASSICAL ATLAS + +Adrumetum Hadrumetum Hydra Hydrea +Ægean Ægæan Iasus Iassus +Akanthus Acanthus Kabala Cabalia +Akarnania Acarnania Nile Nilus +Akesines Acesines Olympieion Olympieum +Aktê Acte Oneium neum +Chæroneia Chæronea Paliké Palica +Dekeleia Decelea Pattala Patala +Dyrrachium Dyrrhachium Peiræum Piræum +Eetioneia Eetionea Phyle Phylæ +Egypt Ægyptus Pisa Pisæ +Eresus Eressus Pylus Pylos +Erytheia Erythia Thessaly Thessalia +Helus Helos Thrace Thracia + + +By comparing in the same way the place-names in Gibbon's and other +histories, the reader will need no glossarist in using the Atlas to +lighten their geographical allusions. It is not only when he comes to +actual wars, campaigns and sieges that he will find a working chart +of advantage. When he reads in Grote of the Ionic colonization of Asia +Minor, and wishes to relate the later view of its complex process to the +much simpler account given by Herodotus, he gains equally by having a +map of the region before him. + +We realize how Grote himself worked over his topographical notes, eking +out his own observations with map, scale and compass, when we read +his preliminary survey of Greece, in the second volume of his history. +"Greece proper lies between the 36th and 40th parallels of north +latitude and between the 21st and 26th degrees of east longitude. Its +greatest length, from Mount Olympus to Cape Tænarus, may be stated +at 250 English miles; its greatest breadth, from the western coast of +Akarnania to Marathon in Attica, at 180 miles; and the distance eastward +from Ambrakia across Pindus to the Magnesian mountain Homolê and the +mouth of the Peneius is about 120 miles. Altogether its area is somewhat +less than that of Portugal." But as to the exact limits of Greece +proper, he points out that these limits seem not to have been very +precisely defined even among the Greeks themselves. + +The chain called Olympus and the Cambunian mountains, ranging east and +west and commencing with the Ægean Sea or the Gulf of Therma near the +fortieth degree of north latitude, Grote continues, "is prolonged +under the name of Mount Lingon until it touches the Adriatic at the +Akrokeraunian promontory. The country south of this chain comprehended +all that in ancient times was regarded as Greece or Hellas proper, +but it also comprehended something more. Hellas proper (or continuous +Hellas, to use the language of Skylax and Dikæarchus) was understood to +begin with the town and Gulf of Ambrakia : from thence northward to +the Akrokeraunian promontory lay the land called by the Greeks Epirus-- +occupied by the Chaonians, Molossians, and Thesprotians, who were termed +Epirots and were not esteemed to belong to the Hellenic aggregate." + +Beside this survey of Hellas proper or continuous Hellas, as Grote +presented it, he set the word-map of Italy that Gibbon draws--Italy +changing its face under the Roman civilization: "Before the Roman +conquest, the country which is now called Lombardy was not considered +as a part of Italy. It had been occupied by a powerful colony of Gauls, +who, settling themselves along the banks of the Po, from Piedmont to +Romagna, carried their arms and diffused their name from the Alps to the +Apennine. The Ligurians dwelt on the rocky coast, which now forms the +republic of Genoa. Venice was yet unborn; but the territories of +that state, which lie to the east of the Adige, were habited by the +Venetians. The middle part of the peninsula, that now composes the duchy +of Tuscany and the ecclesiastical state, was the ancient seat of the +Etruscans and Umbrians; to the former of whom Italy was indebted for the +first rudiments of a civilized life. The Tiber rolled at the foot of the +seven hills of Rome, and the country of the Sabines, the Latins, and the +Volsci, from that river to the frontiers of Naples, was the theatre +of her infant victories. On that celebrated ground the first consuls +deserved triumphs, their successors adorned villas, and their posterity +have erected convents. Capua and Campania possessed the immediate +territory of Naples; the rest of the kingdom was inhabited by many +warlike nations, the Marsi, the Samnites, the Apulians, and the +Lucanians; and the sea-coasts had been covered by the flourishing +colonies of the Greeks. We may remark, that when Augustus divided Italy +into eleven regions, the little province of Istria was annexed to that +seat of Roman sovereignty." + +As we see by this topical extract, Gibbon's practice in the use of Latin +place-names is very much freer than Grote's in the use of the Greek. A +few comparative instances from the Atlas will suffice: + + +Gibbon's spelling Classical Atlas Gibbon's spelling Classical Atlas + +Antioch Antiochia Naples Neapolis prius +Apennines Apenninus Parthenope +Dardenellcs Hellespontus Osrhoene Osroene +Ctesiphon Ctesipon Thrace Thracia +Egypt Ægyptus Ostia Ostia +Gau1 Gaula Cordova Corduba +Genoa Genua + + +Among other works which the present Atlas will help to illustrate, +editions of Gibbon's "Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire," and +of Merivale's Roman History which leads up to it, are already in +preparation; it is hoped to publish in the series also an edition of +Herodotus, the father of the recorders of history and geography, who +realized almost as well as did Freeman the application of the two +records, one to another. The good service of the Classical Atlas, +however is not defined by any possible extension of Everyman's Library. +The maps of Palestine in the time of our Lord and under the older Jewish +dispensation, of Africa and of Egypt, and that, now newly added, of the +Migrations of the Barbarians, and the full index, give it the value of +a gazetteer in brief of the ancient world, well adapted to come into the +general use of schools where an inexpensive work of the kind in compact +form has long been needed. + +The present Atlas has the advantage of being the result of the +successive labour of many hands. Its original author was Dr. Samuel +Butler, sometime head-master of Shrewsbury school and afterwards Bishop +of Lichfield and Coventry. He edited Aeschylus, and was in his way a +famous geographer. The work was at a later date twice revised, and its +maps were re-drawn, under the editorship of his son. It has now been +again revised and enlarged to suit the special needs of this series. + + + +LIST OF MAPS + + 1. ORBIS VETERIBUS NOTUS + 2. BRITTANNIA + 3. HISPANIA + 4. GALLIA + 5. GERMANIA + 6. VINDELICIA, RHÆTIA, NORICUM, PANNONIA, ET ILLYRICUM + 7. ITALÆ PARS SEPTENTRIONALIS + 8. ITALÆ PARS MEDIA + 9. ITALÆ PARS MERIDIONALIS + 10. MACEDONIA, MOESIA, THRACIA ET DACIA + 11. GRÆCIA EXTRA PELOPONNESUM + 12. PELOPONNESUS ET GRÆCIA MERIDIONALIS + 13. INSULÆ MARIS ÆGÆI + 14. ASIA MINOR + 15. ORIENS + 16. SYRIA, MESOPOTAMIA, ASSYRIA, ETC. + 17. PALESTINA, TEMPORIBUS JUDICUM ET REGUM + 18. PALESTINA, CHRISTI ET APOSTOLORUM EJUS TEMPORIBUS + 19. ARMENIA, COLCHIS, IBERIA, ALBANIA, ETC. + 20. AFRICA ANTIQUA + 21. AFRICA SEPTENTRIONALIS + 22. ÆGYPTUS + 23. ROMA ET VICINIA ROMA + 24. ATHENÆ ET SYRACUSÆ + 25. ORBIS HERODOTI + 26. ORBIS PTOLEMÆI + 27. MIGRATIONS OF THE BARBARIANS + + +Index to the Classical Atlas: + +Abacænum to Acimincum Iolcos to Lactodorum +Acinasis, Fl. to Ægiale Lactura to Leusaba +Ægialus to Aliso Leusinum to Macomada Syrtium +Alisontia, Fl. to Angitula, Fl. Macomades to Mastusia, Pr. +Angli to Aquæ Neri Masulibium Horrea to Methora +Aquæ Originis to Ariolica Methydrium to Naharvali +Ariolica to Atlas Montes Naharvali, L. to Noviodunum +Atræ to Bandrobrica Noviodunum to Orcynius Saltus +Bandusiæ, Fons to Bythinia Ordessus vel Ardiscus, Fl. to Paran, Desert of +Bythinium to Cæc Metellæ, Sep. Paran vel Faran to Pharnacotus, Fl. +Cæciliana to Carasa Pharpar, R. to Platanistus, Pr. +Caravis to Celenderis Platanodes, Pr. to Purpurariæ, I +Celetrum to Chrysas, Fl. Putea Nigra to Rubricatus, Fl. +Chrysopolis to Combretonium Rucantii to Sanetio +Combria to Crissæus Sinus Sanigæ to Segusio +Crithote, Pr. to Deba Segustero to Sinnus, Fl. +Debeltus to Duria Minor, Fl. Sinonia, I. to Suinas, Fl. +Durius, Fl. to Eristum Suindinum to Taxila +Erite to Forum Egurrorum Taygetus, M. to Thuria +Forum Fulvii vel Valentinum to Germanicus Oceanus Thuria to Tricornium +Geronthræ to Helicea Tricrana, I. to Uscosium +Helicon, M. to Horrea Cælia Uscudama to Viminacium +Horrea Publica to Inui Castrum Viminalis, M. to Zyrinæ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Atlas of Ancient and Classical +Geography, by Samuel Butler + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ATLAS OF ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY *** + +***** This file should be named 17124-8.txt or 17124-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/7/1/2/17124/ + +Produced by Mike Calder-Smith + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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