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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Fruits of Toil in the London Missionary
+Society, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Fruits of Toil in the London Missionary Society
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: The London Missionary Society
+
+Release Date: November 20, 2005 [EBook #17115]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FRUITS OF TOIL ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Ron Swanson
+
+
+
+
+
+[Frontispiece: TAHITI.]
+
+
+
+
+Fruits of Toil
+IN THE
+LONDON MISSIONARY SOCIETY.
+
+
+ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS AND SKETCHES
+
+[Illustration: POINT VENUS LIGHTHOUSE, TAHITI.]
+
+
+
+
+LONDON:
+JOHN SNOW & CO., IVY LANE, PATERNOSTER ROW.
+1869.
+
+
+
+
+     "Sow in the morn thy seed,
+      At eve hold not thine hand;
+  To doubt and fear give thou no heed,
+      Broad-cast it o'er the land.
+
+     "Beside all waters sow;
+      The highway furrows stock;
+  Drop it where thorns and thistles grow;
+      Scatter it on the rock.
+
+     "Thou canst not toil in vain;
+      Cold, heat, and moist and dry,
+  Shall foster and mature the grain
+      For garners in the sky."
+
+
+
+
+Fruits of Toil
+IN THE
+LONDON MISSIONARY SOCIETY.
+
+
+When our fathers established this Society they were met by a
+formidable array of difficulties of which we know nothing. Gathered
+in fellowship when the infidel principles of the French Revolution
+were doing deadly work, and soon involved in the national struggle
+of the great war, they found little to encourage them in the outward
+aspects of their position. Christian men were few; Christian
+churches were small and scattered; money was scarce; Christian
+benevolence was little understood. The wide world of Christian
+effort opened to us was almost wholly closed against them. They could
+enter the South Seas; though their islands were almost unknown. But
+the West Indies were close shut. "If you preach to the slaves," said
+the Governor of Demerara to a missionary, "I cannot let you stay
+here." They were excluded from South Africa and from India. China
+was sealed, and remained so for forty years. Passages were expensive;
+voyages were full of discomfort; letters were few. They knew little
+of the manners and systems of heathen nations; they knew less of their
+literature; they knew nothing of their languages. Dictionaries,
+literature, buildings, converts, everything had to be produced.
+Their fields of labour were unprepared. Their message and their
+aims were little understood.
+
+In all these elements of usefulness we occupy at this hour a position
+of usefulness, in marked contrast to that of our predecessors. With
+a mighty advance in practical freedom, in intelligence and education,
+in social comfort, in material resources, the entire religious life
+of England has secured a solidity, an elevation, and a general
+influence of the most marvellous kind. In the number and wealth of
+our churches, in the character and position of the ministry, the
+Society ought to find supporters immeasurably in advance of the few
+but earnest friends of seventy years ago. Our missions have made
+indescribable progress. Our agencies continue to grow more complete.
+Churches have been gathered; the members of which are no longer
+novices in Christian truth and Christian life. The time has come for
+a native ministry; and a larger number appear on our lists than ever
+before. And last, but not least, the full and faithful preaching of
+the gospel, for which our missionary brethren have ever been
+distinguished, and the employment of Christian education, have made
+a marked impression upon heathenism; have broken its prestige, have
+silenced its objections, and have prepared the way for future
+victories, more triumphant in their grandeur than anything the
+Society has yet seen.
+
+But this advanced and noble position, which is the proof of success
+in the past, and the guarantee and instrument of larger results in
+days to come, is precisely that attainment and possession of our
+Society, which the friends of the Society appear least to appreciate.
+It seems to be thought that now, as ever, missionaries just preach
+to the heathen and give away books; they teach a few boys and girls;
+win a few souls; and send a few teachers into the districts around.
+All that is true. But the high and solid work beyond it--all that
+superior influence which the Society and its missionaries are
+exercising, in Christianizing communities, in sanctifying all the
+great elements of their public and social life, in destroying the
+very roots of their heathenism, and in preparing the way for
+enlightened, disciplined, independent churches, sound in faith and
+full of life--all this has been little understood. Had it been duly
+realised, it is incredible that the ministers and churches which
+sustain the Society should quietly continue to give for its
+maintenance the same narrow income which they gave to it thirty years
+ago.
+
+
+
+
+I.--RECENT DIFFICULTIES.
+
+
+The result of this irrepressible growth, fostered by the kind
+providence and loving care of the Master for whom the service has
+been done, was for the Directors, in their management of the
+Society's affairs, embarrassment, difficulty, and debt. That
+embarrassment commenced with the year 1866, when the accounts were
+closed with a balance of 7450 pounds against the Society, which was
+paid from the legacy fund reserved for such a contingency. During
+the entire year the Directors had the difficulty in view, and adopted
+a series of measures to meet it. Special Meetings were held with the
+London ministers and officers of churches, to lay before them the
+growing needs of our Foreign Missions. Papers were published by the
+Home Secretary, showing the growth of those missions, with the
+increased claims they present for agency and help; and urging that
+an addition of at least 10,000 pounds a year is needed to the
+Society's permanent income. In the autumn Auxiliary meetings the
+missionary Deputations were urged specially to make the facts known.
+In February a solemn and impressive meeting for prayer was held by
+a hundred and twenty of the London ministers and Directors.
+
+But these measures did not at once remove the difficulty. In numerous
+instances old friends of the Society, and churches which have ever
+been its chief supporters, not only expressed hearty sympathy with
+these efforts, but increased their contributions and rendered
+substantial help. Various consultations ensued, and a Special
+Committee was requested, to indicate the course which, in their calm
+judgment, the Directors ought to take, to meet the difficulties of
+their position.
+
+Their Report pointed out various defects in the Society's system of
+account, and in the audit of details in the expenditure which is
+incurred abroad. It noted especially that since--on the system till
+then in force--the initiative in that expenditure had been placed
+to a large extent in the hands of the missionaries themselves, the
+Board did not possess sufficient and effective control over its
+growth and its specific application. And it recommended that, as in
+some other Societies, a system of annual appropriations should be
+adopted, by which the available income of each year might be made
+to sustain existing schemes of usefulness, without bringing the
+Society into debt. Further, the Committee recommended that, as the
+expenditure had greatly increased in recent years, on the one hand,
+in consultation with the missionaries, that expenditure should be
+carefully revised; and, on the other, all available efforts should
+be made to increase the Society's income. After full and earnest
+consideration of this truly valuable Report, the Board adopted the
+following RESOLUTIONS, which gave special satisfaction to the
+Delegates and country Directors, and met with the marked approval
+of all the Society's friends:--
+
+"1. THAT, this Board approve the proceedings of the Special Finance
+Committee, in securing the services of a competent Accountant to
+examine the system on which the SOCIETY'S ACCOUNTS are kept, with
+a view to the introduction of all practicable improvements; and in
+instructing their own Accountant to give the details of the principal
+Stations, and show the items on which the outlay has taken place.
+
+"2. THAT, with a view to secure a more complete control over the
+Society's funds, an ANNUAL ESTIMATE be desired in advance from every
+Station and Treasurer abroad, as well as from the Home Secretary,
+of all the expenses anticipated for the coming year; that the Board
+may sanction, for that year only, such amount as its probable income
+may enable it to meet; and THAT all payments be strictly forbidden
+unless that definite sanction has been first accorded.
+
+"3. THAT the ACCOUNTS be kept, at home and abroad, on a COMMON SYSTEM;
+and that each of the Foreign Committees in the Mission House be
+requested to appoint a small AUDIT BOARD, whose duty it shall be to
+audit the accounts of the Stations under its charge, and to see that
+the expenditure is strictly confined to the sums which the Board have
+sanctioned.
+
+"4. THAT all the efforts already carried on for some time to increase
+the knowledge, the interest, the contributions, and the prayers of
+the Society's friends throughout the country, be continued, and,
+where practicable, increased.
+
+"5. THAT the Board regard with the most serious concern the rapid
+increase in the expenditure of the various Missions; and, desiring
+to see that expenditure not only placed under firm control, but
+applied in all respects in the wisest way, they instruct all their
+Committees most carefully to REVISE THE ENTIRE EXPENDITURE under
+their superintendence, and, in accordance with the Resolution passed
+on May 6th, specially to keep in view a judicious reduction of that
+expenditure in the case of prosperous churches in districts largely
+Christianized."
+
+
+
+
+II.--REVISION OF THE MISSIONS ABROAD.
+
+
+In considering the state of the Society's finances, the Special
+Committee recommended, in strong terms, not only that some reduction
+should be made in the expenditure, but that the character of that
+expenditure should be carefully examined. They recommended that the
+Board should take full advantage of the opportunity furnished by the
+present crisis, for placing the entire system of payments in their
+Foreign Missions upon the soundest footing, and for determining the
+principles by which those payments shall be regulated. The Directors
+accepted these suggestions, and since then the three Foreign
+Committees, into which the London Board is divided, have devoted much
+attention to the system of their Foreign Missions.
+
+In the case of each of the Missions examined, they carefully laid
+down the principles applicable to the condition of the Native
+churches; the forms of missionary labour among the heathen; the
+number and work of the Society's missionaries; the number and labours
+of Native agents engaged in purely mission work; and the state of
+education. The present scale and details of expenditure were
+examined; and then, to every element of the system an APPROPRIATION
+for the year was made of that amount of money which, in the judgment
+of the Directors, the Society could justly spare from the funds which
+they have at their command. A Schedule of these allowances in every
+group of Missions was next drawn out, exhibiting the sums available
+for the expenditure of the year, and was forwarded to the Mission
+concerned. And finally, a special DESPATCH which accompanied the
+Warrants, was written to the members of every Mission, in order to
+explain in the fullest manner the views of the Directors respecting
+that Mission, and the form which, in their judgment, the aid of the
+Society should for the future assume. Again, while the Society enjoys
+the services of a large number of able, conscientious, and spiritual
+men, as devoted as ever their predecessors were to missionary work,
+it was seen to be essential to their fullest efficiency, that they
+should be brought into closer union with each other abroad, and with
+the system of the Society at home; that the personal comfort of the
+mission families should be more fully secured under the changed
+circumstances of modern days; and that the experience of each field
+of labour should be so wrought into the general system as to prove
+a helper to all the rest.
+
+The result of the system to the Society's finances has been economy,
+compactness, and strength. While in several cases the personal
+income of the missionaries has been increased, yet, by limiting the
+amount of the Native agency to be employed in evangelistic work; by
+reducing the help hitherto granted to the Native Christians for their
+incidental expenditure; and by enforcing economy in all minor
+matters at home as well as abroad; the Board have been able to bring
+down the total expenditure of the Society to a point much nearer the
+range of the Society's ordinary income than it has for several years
+past. They have provided, however, only for the necessities of their
+present operations. They need a larger income still, if the friends
+of the Society would wish them to undertake that extension of their
+Missions into new fields which the world needs, for which the
+missionaries earnestly plead, and which they themselves are most
+anxious to secure. The effect of the system on certain of the Native
+churches has been a most healthy one. As hoped for, it is beginning
+to stimulate them to manliness, and to a more earnest consecration,
+not only of their means, but of their personal service to the
+Saviour's work.
+
+
+
+
+III.--THE SOCIETY'S PRESENT OPERATIONS.
+
+
+The revision now described has furnished materials for exhibiting,
+in a more complete form than usual, the present agencies of the
+Society, and some of the results with which its labours have been
+blessed. In a few of the older Missions of the Society, the duty of
+instructing the heathen has been almost complete; the population are
+nominally Christian, and in most of these communities there is a
+strong nucleus of spiritual life in a valuable body of Church members.
+This is the case in Polynesia, in the West Indies, and in many
+stations in South Africa. Around many strong churches in Madagascar,
+in India, and in China, the sphere of heathenism is still very large.
+Several stations in those Missions--well planted for the influence
+required of them--may now be occupied by the Native minister instead
+of the English missionary. The number of chief stations in all the
+Missions is 130.
+
+The NATIVE CHURCHES of the Society are 150 in number. They contain
+35,400 members: in a community of nominal Christians, young and old,
+amounting to 191,700 persons. Of these, nearly 13,000 are in
+Polynesia; nearly 5,000 in the West Indies; over 5,000 in South
+Africa; and 3,400 in India. The converts under the Society's care
+speak altogether twenty-six languages.
+
+The general scope of the Society's efforts, so far as figures can
+show it, is set forth in the following Table:--
+
+
+                         GENERAL SUMMARY.
++----------------+--------+---------+---------+--------+---------+
+|                |English | Native  | Native  | Church |  Native |
+|   MISSIONS.    |Mission-| Ordained| Preach- | Mem-   |  Adher- |
+|                |aries.  | Pastors.| ers.    | bers.  |  ents.  |
++----------------+--------+---------+---------+--------+---------+
+|1. CHINA        |    21  |      4  |     40  |   1265 |    2367 |
+|                |        |         |         |        |         |
+|2. NORTH INDIA  |    18  |      6  |     20  |    284 |    1374 |
+|                |        |         |         |        |         |
+|3. SOUTH INDIA  |    22  |     11  |     65  |    882 |    3408 |
+|                |        |         |         |        |         |
+|4. TRAVANCORE   |     8  |     11  |    190  |   2228 |  32,362 |
+|                |        |         |         |        |         |
+|  (MADAGASCAR   |    12  |     20  |    532  |   7066 |  37,112 |
+|5.(   AND       |        |         |         |        |         |
+|  (MAURITIUS    |     1  |    ...  |    ...  |    ... |     ... |
+|                |        |         |         |        |         |
+|6. SOUTH AFRICA |    33  |      1  |     30  |   5866 |  31,197 |
+|                |        |         |         |        |         |
+|7. WEST INDIES  |    13  |      2  |     14  |   4972 |  14,240 |
+|                |        |         |         |        |         |
+|8. POLYNESIA    |    28  |     26  |    249  | 12,924 |  69,738 |
++----------------+--------+---------+---------+--------+---------+
+|     TOTALS     |   156  |     81  |   1140  | 35,487 | 191,798 |
++----------------+--------+---------+---------+--------+---------+
+
++----------------+-----------------------------------------------+
+|                |                    SCHOOLS.                   |
+|                +-----------------------+-----------------------+
+|                |        BOYS.          |        GIRLS.         |
+|                +-----+------+----------+-----+------+----------+
+|   MISSIONS.    |Sch- |Schol-|   Fees.  |Sch- |Schol-|   Fees.  |
+|                |00ls.| ars. |pnd. s. d.|ools.| ars. |pnd. s. d.|
++----------------+-----+------+----------+-----+------+----------+
+|1. CHINA        |  16 |   354|   0 13  6|   7 |   103|  26  0  0|
+|                |     |      |          |     |      |          |
+|2. NORTH INDIA  |  15 |  2076|1036  3  1|  16 |   375|  12 10  0|
+|                |     |      |          |     |      |          |
+|3. SOUTH INDIA  |  47 |  2858| 706  2 10|  31 |  1494|   9  2  8|
+|                |     |      |          |     |      |          |
+|4. TRAVANCORE   | 180 |  6646| ...  ... |  30 |  1595| ...  ... |
+|                |     | Boys and Girls. |     |      |          |
+|  (MADAGASCAR   |  28 |  1735|   9  7  6| ... |   ...| ...  ... |
+|5.(   AND       |     |      |          |     |      |          |
+|  (MAURITIUS    | ... |  ... | ...  ... | ... |   ...| ...  ... |
+|                |     |      |          |     |      |          |
+|6. SOUTH AFRICA |  39 |  1332|  32 10 11|  25 |  1473|  19  2  0|
+|                |     |      |          |     |      |          |
+|7. WEST INDIES  |  35 |  2040| 317  0 10|  35 |  1691| 269 11  1|
+|                |     |      |          |     |      |          |
+|8. POLYNESIA    | 229 |  6715| ...  ... | 212 |  6695| ...  ... |
++----------------+-----+------+----------+-----+------+----------+
+|     TOTALS     | 589 |23,756|2101 18  8| 356 |13,426| 336  5  9|
++----------------+-----+------+----------+-----+------+----------+
+
++----------------+----------------+
+|                |     LOCAL      |
+|                | CONTRIBUTIONS, |
+|   MISSIONS.    |      &c.       |
+|                | pound. s. d.   |
++----------------+----------------+
+|1. CHINA        |    374  1  4   |
+|                |                |
+|2. NORTH INDIA  |   1435 14  9   |
+|                |                |               pound. s. d.
+|3. SOUTH INDIA  |   1793 13  6   |  *From English Friends
+|                |                |                4,200  0  0
+|4. TRAVANCORE   |   1220  0  0   |   From Native Converts
+|                |                |               11,647  2  3
+|  (MADAGASCAR   |    479 17  7   |               ------------
+|5.(   AND       |                |               15,847  2  3
+|  (MAURITIUS    |    ...   ...   |
+|                |                |   Fees--Boys
+|6. SOUTH AFRICA |   2125  3 10   |                2,101 18  8
+|                |                |   Fees--Girls
+|7. WEST INDIES  |   4730 16  8   |                  336  5  9
+|                |                |               ------------
+|8. POLYNESIA    |   3687 14  7   |                2,438  4  5
++----------------+----------------+               ------------
+|     TOTALS     | 15,847  2  3*  |               18,285  6  8
++----------------+----------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+IV.--THE SOCIETY'S MISSIONARIES.
+
+
+But Statistical Tables cannot show the real character of the
+Society's work, or the breadth of influence which that work has
+attained. The hundred and fifty-six English missionaries of the
+Society in foreign lands constitute the central force and stimulus
+of a wider agency, numbering twelve hundred persons, gathered among
+people once heathen, now Christian; an agency adopting the same aims,
+ruled by the same Christian spirit, and fulfilling the same Divine
+command. This body of true and devoted men were never rendering to
+the Society a nobler service than at the present time; and were never
+more worthy of our highest esteem. It is, therefore, with indignation
+and regret that Christian men have seen the recent attacks made on
+the whole missionary body, and the contemptuous terms in which their
+labours have been described. Looking away from all that is temporary
+and special, and contemplating that which springs from their
+ordinary duties, the Directors would never forget what a noble
+position missionaries occupy, and how truly great, from its very
+nature, their work is. They have gone forth from home and country
+as ambassadors of God, to preach His message of forgiveness; to bring
+the Saviour in His human life to those who have never understood Him;
+to save the perishing, and bind them as with golden chains to the
+feet of God. They are battling with error, and breaking up the iron
+systems of priestcraft, inhumanity, and wrong, which have enslaved
+men for ages, and have shut off from them the light and love of their
+Heavenly Father. They are staying the progress of crime; they lay
+the hand of law on the slaveholder; they appeal to the drunkard; they
+clear out the dens of vice; and to the hopeless and despairing they
+open up long vistas of light and gladness, which terminate only in
+Heaven. Everywhere they are preaching with power. Their Divine
+message is quickening the dead conscience of nations: it is
+converting the wicked, and saving souls from death; it is lifting
+women from the dust; it is purifying family life; it is putting trade
+under rules of honesty, and teaching humanity where cruelty was the
+universal rule. Its principles are going down to the very roots of
+national life; it is substituting law for force; and is moulding
+young communities for a higher life in all their people, a closer
+union to their fellow-men, because they are gaining a holier and
+truer union with God.
+
+[Illustration: MR. VIVIAN'S HOUSE, RAIATEA.]
+
+They are doing this among great varieties of place and people; amid
+many forms of outer life; amid many grades of human comfort and human
+resources. Some labour among the most glorious manifestations of
+creative might; others upon scorched and barren plains; others in
+the busy life of cities; others in lonely isles. In labours abundant,
+in perils oft, by example, by preaching, by prayers, everywhere they
+seek to approve themselves unto God, and serve their generation
+according to His will. Politicians may lecture them: men of science
+may undervalue them. Time-serving editors may pour on them their
+scorn; they may be called enthusiasts, or be socially despised; but
+steadfast in duty, unmoved by reproach or praise, they will reply:
+"Whether we be beside ourselves, it is to God; or whether we be sober,
+it is for your cause." Our "meat is to do the will of Him that sent
+us, and to finish His work."
+
+[Illustration: BENGALI GIRLS' SCHOOL, CALCUTTA.]
+
+[Illustration: CAPTAIN COOK'S TREE, TAHITI.]
+
+It is impossible for any Report to describe in detail, and with full
+justice, the varied labours in which these brethren are engaged. Like
+ministers at home, our Missionaries preach the Gospel; instruct,
+govern, and build up churches; watch over the young, and stir up their
+people's zeal. But they do a great deal more. Placed in many cases
+in simple states of society, on a low level of education and social
+connection, as well as of religion; in states of society saturated
+with heathen vices and heathen beliefs, our missionaries have not
+only to Christianize individual souls, but to Christianize
+literature, to Christianize public law, to form a healthy public
+opinion, to sanctify public taste. Forms of agency, therefore,
+unneeded at home, are required on every hand; varied in character,
+at times expensive, all carefully adapted to the case with which they
+deal. And it is in the employment, the adaptation of these means to
+their appointed ends, that missionaries specially prove themselves
+"wise to win souls."
+
+[Illustration: INSTITUTION AT MALUA, SAMOA.]
+
+Thus it is that not only on the Sabbath but through the week, not
+only in the pulpit but in the school, the market, the private house,
+in a boat, under a spreading tree, our brethren expound and enforce
+that Gospel which shall sanctify and govern the hearts of many
+nations. Thus it is in the cities of China and India, in the villages
+of Africa, among the swamps of Guiana, beneath the palm groves of
+Samoa, they seek to be instant in season and out of season. Some are
+pastors of churches, others preach almost entirely to the heathen.
+Some are training students in seminaries. Some superintend a range
+of simple schools; others, in Indian cities, give large time and
+effort to the important Institutions taught in the English and Native
+languages. A few are revising translations of the Bible; others are
+preparing commentaries, school-books, and other Christian
+literature. All have to share in building; and, besides the Medical
+missionaries, a great number constantly give medicine to the sick.
+Here we see Dr. TURNER, in the admirable seminary at Malua, training
+the Native Teachers; Mr. EDKINS and Mr. MUIRHEAD penetrate the
+Mongolian desert, to inquire into the place and prospects of a
+Mission among the Tartar tribes; while Mr. JOHN, after completing
+the new Hospital, is isolated within a vast sea, the overflowings
+of the mighty Yangtze, which has drowned half the streets of Hankow.
+We see Mr. ASHTON and Mr. JOHNSON, Mr. COLES and Mr. BLAKE, Mr. HALL
+and Mr. RICE, surrounded by the hundreds of their students and
+scholars, diligent in daily English studies. We see the TRAVANCORE
+brethren in the midst of their many agents; advising pastors,
+instructing catechists, reading evangelists' journals, examining
+candidates, and auditing accounts; while, in their midst, Dr. LOWE
+and his seven students administer to their crowd of patients in the
+hospital that medicine which shall relieve their pain. Dr. MATHER
+re-edits the Hindustani Scriptures. The brothers STRONACH,
+fellow-labourers indeed in the kingdom and patience of Jesus Christ;
+still watch over the prosperous churches of Amoy, which they were
+honoured to found. In the midst of barbarism, Mr. MOFFAT carefully
+revises that Sichuana Bible of which he was the first translator.
+In the midst of civilization, after reading the proofs of the Chinese
+New Testament, Dr. LEGGE, consulting his learned pundits, dives deep
+into the ancient Chinese classics, and strives, by an erudite
+commentary, to make plain the early history of China. While Mr. LAWES,
+who describes himself as the "poet laureate" of Savage Island, after
+completing the New Testament, prepares the first Christian hymn book,
+for the use of the converts he has brought to Christ. Mr. THOMPSON,
+visiting the Missions in Cape Colony, drives with hard toil across
+the fiery dust of the Karroo desert; Mr. JANSEN and Mr. MUNRO, in
+their long canoe, traverse the gorgeous and silent forests of Guiana,
+to visit the little Mission among the Indians below the rapids of
+the Berbice. Mr. MURRAY, opportunely arriving in a screw steamer,
+prevents war among the Christians of Manua; Mr. CHALMERS, voluntary
+leader of the band of converts who keep the _John Williams_ afloat,
+sticks by the vessel to the last, and, with his brave wife, refuses
+to quit the ship till she is anchored safe in Sydney harbor. While
+Mr. PHILIP, pastor and schoolmaster, doctor and lawyer, engineer and
+magistrate, of the flourishing Hottentot Christians of Hankey, when
+overturned in a ravine on a visit to his out-station, preaches to
+his people with a broken arm, rather than deprive them of that bread
+of heaven which they had come many miles to hear. Who would not
+rejoice and thank God for such men? Of the ninety Protestant
+Missionaries labouring in China, the five who stand first in public
+estimation for character, scholarship, and zeal are missionaries of
+this Society. Among the five hundred missionaries of India, not a
+few of our brethren occupy a high and honoured place; while in all
+other of the older Missions the men who with fidelity and zeal have
+steadily maintained their posts for twenty-five and thirty years are
+numerous, and are all held in honour. A just consideration of toil
+like this will show that never in the Society's history had the
+Directors greater reason to thank God for the grace bestowed upon
+their missionaries, or stronger ground for holding them in esteem
+as workmen not needing to be ashamed.
+
+[Illustration: NAGERCOIL SEMINARY.]
+
+[Illustration: SCHOOL-HOUSE, CUDDAPAH.]
+
+
+
+
+V.--MISSIONARY STUDENTS.
+
+
+While discussing, amongst other matters, the expense of the
+Society's Seminary at Highgate, the Special Committee suggested an
+inquiry into the question of the training of the missionary students
+generally. It was felt by them that the advanced position attained
+by our Missions in all parts of the world, gives to the missionary
+brethren, as a body, very great opportunities of usefulness. A large
+number of them are called to be superintendents of several churches
+and many native agents, to be counsellors of native pastors and
+missionaries, and tutors in theological seminaries. All the brethren
+in India and China may hold intercourse with Native scholars and
+priests, and have to defend truth and assail error by argument,
+spreading over a wide range of thought and knowledge. Several of them
+have charge of educational institutions of a high order, and are
+associated with Native ministers who are themselves men of superior
+education and position.
+
+It is an injustice to our missionary brethren themselves to place
+them in such positions of weight and influence without giving them
+the opportunity of acquiring a complete fitness for the important
+duties which those positions involve. It is an injustice to the
+Society that the training of its missionaries should be incomplete.
+And it is an injustice to the Missions generally, should they be
+placed in the hands of men who are unable, from defective education,
+rightly to comprehend their claims, and to fulfil the important
+duties which the charge of them now involves. In addition to
+considerations such as these, the Directors observed that for some
+years past their missionary students had been trained in a variety
+of ways; a few being educated in the ordinary colleges, and the
+remainder in private Institutions, adopted by the Board, at Bedford
+and Weston-super-Mare. Aided by a valuable memorandum from the Rev.
+J.S. Wardlaw, which went fully into the entire question, the
+Directors, after careful consideration, arranged it on the basis of
+the following RESOLUTIONS; which have given the students, the
+missionaries abroad, and the friends of the Society great
+satisfaction:--
+
+"1. THAT, considering the high position of usefulness now attained
+by the Society's Missions, and the great importance of the work
+carried on in the present day, it has become increasingly desirable
+that the Society's missionary students should all enjoy, as far as
+practicable, the advantages of a sound and complete College
+education.
+
+"2. THAT, as any plan for the formation of a separate Missionary
+Institution, and of affiliating it with any existing College, is
+found to be impracticable; and as existing colleges have shown
+themselves so ready and anxious on favourable terms to welcome the
+Society's students among theirs, it is desirable that our students
+should be placed in those Institutions in various parts of the
+country.
+
+"3. THAT, in the judgment of the Directors, a preparatory class may
+be maintained for the few students who need it.
+
+"4. THAT; for several important reasons, the Directors deem it most
+desirable to maintain the system by which the Society's students
+receive a final year of missionary training under the Rev. J.S.
+WARDLAW, M.A."
+
+The Directors regard it as a matter for great thankfulness, and as
+a token of continued approval of their work, that they have recently
+received, as they did in 1867, a large number of offers from young
+men to enter upon the Society's service. The applicants have
+presented a great diversity of natural gifts, attainments, and
+position: some of them are already studying for the ministry in our
+Theological Colleges. The Directors have during the year accepted
+no less than eighteen. Amongst them are two of the missionaries' sons.
+The total number of missionary students in the Society is now
+forty-two. On the first of May, 1869, they stood thus:--
+
+
++-------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+------+
+|On Probation.|1st Year.|2nd Year.|3rd Year.|4th Year.|5th Year.|Total.|
++-------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+------+
+|      6      |   13    |   10    |    3    |    6    |    4    |  42  |
++-------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+------+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+VI.--NATIVE PASTORS AND MISSIONARIES.
+
+
+The increase of our Church Members, and the enlargement of their
+spiritual life, have from time to time placed at the disposal of the
+Society an increasing number of Christian helpers for the local
+service of our various Missions. No exact account of them was taken
+for several years. But from the complete returns recently gathered,
+it appears that at the present time they are more than twelve hundred
+in number.
+
+The Christian Assistants not engaged in schools are divided into
+several classes. Some are READERS, who go from house to house, and
+explain the Word to families or individuals. Others are preachers
+of greater or less education, and are more or less trusted, either
+to work alone, or in company with more experienced brethren. In India
+and China, these brethren are usually termed CATECHISTS, though in
+the South Seas the missionaries have retained the title of NATIVE
+TEACHERS. One class among them, of higher character and education,
+in whom great trust is reposed, are termed in India EVANGELISTS.
+These brethren frequently occupy stations by themselves, or are
+immediate and trusted assistants of the missionaries. Several of the
+excellent preachers in China belong to this rank; as also others in
+the South Sea Islands and in Madagascar.
+
+It has from the first been a settled rule with the Society's
+missionaries that catechists and preachers should be men of known
+and proved piety; and that all candidates for theological classes
+shall be members of the church. The Directors believe that it is
+largely owing to the observance of this sound rule that the Missions
+have received a great blessing from above, and have been built up
+on a solid basis. It is the effect of this blessing, and a result
+of the development of the churches, that a steady improvement has
+taken place in the general character and fitness of Native Agents.
+And not the least benefit is that at length it is giving rise to the
+long-desired class of NATIVE ORDAINED PASTORS.
+
+In 1865 our lists showed twenty such Pastors and Missionaries, not
+reckoning the Tahitian or Madagascar brethren; and of the twenty,
+fourteen were in India. During the last three years fifteen have been
+added in India, and one has died. In the Leeward Islands several of
+the Tahaa students have been ordained as pastors in Tahiti and the
+out-stations; the Directors have recommended the ordination of
+others, as TAUGA, the Evangelist in charge of the churches in Manua;
+ELIKANA, the Evangelist of the Lagoon Islands; and ISAIA, the
+well-known Evangelist of Rarotonga; and five have been ordained in
+Samoa. In Madagascar a practical Native pastorate grew up in the days
+of persecution, which was judiciously fostered by Mr. Ellis and his
+associates, and was placed by them in a most healthy position. Of
+the five hundred preachers placed over the churches, some twenty may
+be reckoned of that high standing and independence of management
+accorded to the other brethren in the ordained lists. The Directors
+rejoice that, through the wise foresight of Mr. Ellis, the Madagascar
+pastors receive no support from the Society; they are almost wholly
+sustained either by their own labour or by the Native Churches. In
+Travancore, three of the pastors ordained last year have become
+entirely free of all help from the Society. The Board desire that
+in all cases the same independence of support from English funds
+shall be steadily aimed at, though for a time it may be necessary
+to guarantee a certain salary, and to supplement such portion as the
+native members give, by an annual grant from the Society's funds.
+In all the Society's missions the number of these pastors is about
+eighty. It is desirable that all our native agency shall be of the
+best kind, and shall be trained in the most efficient way.
+
+[Illustration: ANDRIAMBELO.]
+
+
+
+
+VII.--THE NATIVE CHURCHES.
+
+
+The high and useful position attained by the Society is further
+illustrated by the character and importance of the Native Churches.
+These are our actual converts, the most striking, the most patent,
+if not the most real among the fruits of our past labours. These
+churches are unevenly distributed, but the explanation is easy. As
+a rule, they are largest in fields of labour which have been longest
+cultivated, and where converts are easily won. They appear,
+therefore, in inverse ratio to time and difficulty. To the native
+races of Polynesia, desolated by wars, torn in pieces by faction and
+strife, Christianity came as the healer and peace-maker, and was
+welcomed as soon as understood. To the native races of South Africa,
+and to the people of the West Indies, to the weak who had been crushed
+and enslaved by the strong, it came with loving smiles as deliverer
+and friend. By the devil-worshipper of Travancore, ignorant,
+degraded, friendless, afraid of malignant spirits, it was welcomed
+for its kindness. To the caste-ridden people of the great cities and
+towns, to the sudra of South India, to the Brahmins everywhere, it
+came as an enemy, destroying their social life, breaking up the bonds
+of Hindooism, smiting the gods, putting down the priesthood,
+destroying the vested interest, and drying up the wealth produced
+by centuries. Who can wonder that to the learned, the powerful, the
+bigoted, it was "foolishness;" while to the despised and poor,
+accepted in a child-like spirit, it became the power of God unto
+salvation? As a rule, the converts, who were easy to win, have been
+hard to raise; and in ordinary Christian life some of the most zealous,
+the most consistent, the most liberal, the most missionary, have been
+found among the few converts, drawn by hard struggles and heavy
+penalties, from the caste population of our Indian towns. It is from
+such came nearly all our first ordained Native Ministers.
+
+[Illustration: THE GOD BEATER.]
+
+But, whether easily or hardly won, we rejoice in the fact that at
+this hour the three hundred Churches gathered through the ministry
+of this Society contain thirty-five thousand members; and that round
+them, looking to them for instruction, and influenced by their
+example, lives a population of not less than one hundred and ninety
+thousand souls, who have given up all idolatry, and call Christianity
+their religion.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The GENERAL CHARACTER of these church members, their attainments in
+knowledge, the amount of their moral strength, the enlightenment of
+conscience, their peculiar deficiencies, are topics frequently
+dwelt upon in missionaries' letters, and find a conspicuous place
+in the annual reports. Who can doubt that, should occasion arise,
+the converts of MADAGASCAR would still emulate the fidelity of the
+brethren who gave themselves to clanging fetters and the fiery flame
+rather than deny Christ? When bitterly persecuted by bigoted priests,
+the Christians of UEA still possess their souls in patience, and with
+their chapels burnt, their plantations desolated, and their
+companions beaten, they hold on to the truth as it is in Jesus, and
+refuse to bow the knee to the Baal of Rome. In the Calcutta Mission
+last year, as heretofore, converts have been found to bear reproach
+and shame for Christ rather than be numbered among idolaters. Still
+do the tried Christians of POKLO show how grace reigns in China.
+
+The great Christian virtues, the fruits of the Spirit, are developed
+in these churches as in the older realms of Christendom. In them
+enlightened conscience makes war with sin; Christian love casts out
+fear; the eye of faith sees heaven in a dying hour. Scarcely a report
+is written that does not illustrate these excellencies. We must not
+undervalue what here we have gained. It is not only that so many
+individual souls have been saved. We have rescued them from
+heathenism, from false religion, from the advocacy of error, from
+the practice of error, from open, unchecked vice and crime. We have
+drawn them from the world's disorders and cruelty, from wrong and
+misery. In the great warfare with vice, they have changed sides, and
+are now valiant for the truth. We have drawn not only them but their
+children; we have drawn them, not as isolated individuals, but as
+families, as neighbours, as fellow citizens, as nations. We have
+drawn into the church, for man's happiness, and the Lord's glory,
+all the influences of their private, social, and public life. We have
+won their intelligence, their moral life, their literature, their
+material resources, their public law. Henceforth heathenism has lost
+them, and Christ has placed His sanctifying hand on all they have
+and all they are. These Christians are all His; their children His,
+and generations as they succeed each other shall be more completely
+His, to give Him all the glory of their growing love, and add their
+contribution of immortal souls to His Millennial reign.
+
+      "For to His triumph soon,
+    He shall descend, who rules above,
+    And the pure language of His love
+      All tongues of men shall tune."
+
+Our earliest mission in Polynesia is constantly offering evidence
+of the power of the Gospel. The Rev. J. King of Savaii, gives the
+following striking illustration:--
+
+"PENIAMINA (Benjamin), was one of the first converts in Samoa, and
+for thirty years he has maintained an unblemished character. A short
+time ago I took down from his own lips the story of his life, or I
+might rather say of his two lives; so great a contrast does the latter
+half of his life present to the former. The one is the life of the
+ignorant and corrupt Pagan, the other that of the humble follower
+and devoted disciple of the Lord Jesus. All who know Peniamina would
+concur in this testimony that he is one of the brightest gems that
+has been won for Christ in Samoa. His praise is in all the churches.
+As a pastor he has done good service. For a number of years he has
+had the oversight of one of our churches in the out-stations, and
+so beloved was he by his people, that when, through age, his eyesight
+failed, and he could no longer read the Scriptures in public, they
+begged that he would still preach to them, and asked that a young
+man might be appointed to read the Scriptures for him. This he did
+for some time, until he became so infirm, that he was compelled to
+resign. But when he proposed to return to his native village, that
+he might die amongst his kindred, according to the invariable custom
+in Samoa, his people begged that he would not leave them; and that,
+as he had devoted so much of his strength to their good, they might
+be allowed to 'nurse' him in his old age, and to have the honour of
+burying him in their own village. But the national custom prevailed
+over their entreaties. A few days after he had taken farewell of his
+Church, he called on me, and gave me a few steel pens, the remainder
+of some I had given him for writing his sermons. As he gave them to
+me, he said, 'I have finished my work: I shall write no more sermons;
+and that nothing may be wasted that is useful in the work of God,
+let these pens be given to a younger man, who is still able to write
+sermons.' This incident is characteristic of the man, and will
+illustrate his simple uprightness, and his concern for the work of
+God. He is now very infirm, but strong in faith; he is calmly waiting
+to be summoned to his reward."
+
+Much more might be written on this topic, and these illustrations
+of Christian experience might easily be multiplied. Our native
+churches give proof in every direction of the soundness of the
+teaching from which they have sprung, and of the Divine blessing by
+which it has been followed. They differ greatly in the outer form
+of their life from English churches: they differ scarcely less from
+one another. They differ in their knowledge, in the character of
+their excellencies, in the form of their defects. They differ in
+their experience of the truth, as they have had a varied history.
+But one heart and one mind are found within them all. It is the Bible
+which touches their feelings most deeply, which quickens their
+conscience, which inspires their richest joys. Everywhere the tribes,
+once heathen and hard-hearted, now Christianized, care for the
+orphan, show kindness and courtesy to women, and watch over the aged
+and the sick. Everywhere they lead a pure life, they cultivate and
+practise mutual kindness, they are brought under public law. These
+things are not novelties in Christianity; but their daily recurrence
+in all our Missions is the best testimony we can offer to the reality
+of our work. They are seen in all our Churches; they are written on
+every page of our reports. The heathen natives of Travancore and of
+the Lagoon Islands, far distant from one another, get drunk with
+toddy: their Christian fellow-countrymen of the same class in both
+places abstain from it. Touched by the gospel, the negroes of Jamaica
+came in hundreds to be married: the Bechuanas on the Vaal river have
+done the same. Our new converts in the plains of Shantung try to
+evangelize their stalwart neighbours. The same efforts of love are
+put forth by the new Christians among the hills of Fokien. Our South
+Sea Converts observe the Sabbath better than Englishmen. When
+accompanying the Queen down to the sea-coast, our Church members held
+Sabbath camp-meetings in the forests and jungles of Madagascar.
+
+Would that the English churches realized more completely what they
+are! Follow them in their daily life. Look at them on the Sabbath-day.
+There, where once all seasons were alike, they gather on the first
+day of the week in the house of prayer. From China eastward, round
+to Lifu westward, in twenty-six languages, these Christian converts
+gather for holy worship. In the broad streets of Peking; among the
+green hills of Amoy; amid the tall roofs of Antananarivo, and the
+well-watered gardens of Hankey; among the deep ferns of Raiatea and
+in the cotton-fields of Samoa; in Calcutta and Benares, within the
+shadows of the wealthy temples of Kali and Mahadeo; or where the
+creamy surf in curling waves throws up the garnet sands of
+Travancore,--each Sabbath-day rises the hymn of praise, the earnest
+prayer; each month they break the bread and drink the cup in memory
+of Him whom, not having seen, they love; in whom, though now they
+see Him not, yet believing, they rejoice with joy unspeakable, and
+full of glory; receiving the end of their faith, even the salvation
+of their SOULS.
+
+   "Knowest thou the value of a soul immortal?
+    Behold the midnight glory, worlds on worlds!
+    Amazing pomp! Redouble the amaze.
+    Ten thousand add, and twice ten thousand more;
+    Then weigh the whole. ONE SOUL outweighs them all."
+
+
+
+
+VIII.--THE SOUTH SEA MISSION.
+
+
+[Illustration: Map of Western Polynesia, New Caledonia, Loyalty Is.
+&c.]
+
+[Illustration: Map of Samoa or Navigators Islands]
+
+The SOUTH SEA MISSION lies deep in the affection of the Society's
+friends. Seventy years have passed since the first missionaries were
+landed by the _Duff_ on the Island of TAHITI. After long trial of
+patience, amid a most depraved and corrupt people, heathenism gave
+way, the gospel triumphed, and the Society Islands became Christian.
+In 1823 RAROTONGA was discovered, and the Hervey Islands, now
+containing one of the brightest groups of our Christian churches,
+were evangelized. In 1830, SAMOA received that gospel which has
+sanctified the gentle habits of its people, and produced in them a
+zeal in the extension of the church which none of their neighbours
+have excelled. In 1840 and onward, the efforts to evangelize the dark
+races of the NEW HEBRIDES were commenced and partly frustrated. In
+1848, the LOYALTY GROUP received teachers, and in spite of priestly
+intolerance, have since been largely christianized.
+
+[Illustration: QUEEN POMARE'S PALACE, TAHITI.]
+
+When TAHITI first fell under the French Protectorate, fears were
+entertained respecting the stability of its people. By God's
+blessing on the means of grace, they seem at the present time to be
+more spiritual and more firm in their attachment to the truth than
+ever. Several young pastors, trained in our Tahaa Institution, have
+been warmly welcomed among them, and their numbers are larger than
+for some years past:--
+
+"The statistics of the year, as far as we can obtain them for Tahiti
+and Moorea, are as follow:--
+
+  Population  ...   ...   ...   ...   ...   ...   ...   over 9000
+  Members of Protestant Churches      ...   ...   ...   ...  2800
+  Children in Protestant Schools      ...   ...   ...   ...  1260
+  Roman Catholic Congregation, Members and Scholars,
+    Natives   ...   ...   ...   ...   ...   ...   ...   ...   700
+
+"Hence we see the Roman Catholics cannot yet number in their schools,
+congregations, and churches altogether, in Tahiti and Moorea, more
+than one twelfth of the Native population as theirs. The other
+eleven-twelfths are nominally Protestant. Without reckoning the
+schools and congregations of the Protestants, the Church members
+alone of the Native Protestant Church are about four times as many
+as all the Roman Catholics in their schools, congregations, and
+churches together."
+
+[Illustration: RAROTONGA.]
+
+In the Hervey Islands, in the midst of their desolation, the churches
+of RAROTONGA insisted on holding their usual Anniversary, and gave
+a larger contribution to the Society than in the year before. The
+SAMOAN MISSION continues to enjoy prosperity and peace; the Seminary
+at Malua flourishes; an extraordinary demand exists for the
+Scriptures, which every Christian seems resolved to make his own;
+the influence of the missionary diminishes the risk of social war;
+and the liberality of the churches still abounds. SAVAGE ISLAND,
+becoming more closely allied to the civilised world, through the
+influence of its beautiful cotton, begins to encounter the greater
+temptations to which a community of simple manners is by that contact
+exposed; and the first drunkard has been seen upon her shores. As
+truly as a pious lad on entering London life needs the daily support
+of a mother's counsel and a mother's prayers; so do these young
+communities, exposed to the vices and temptations of stronger
+nations, demand the help, the sympathy, and the prayers of the
+English churches from which their piety springs. In the LAGOON
+ISLANDS and in the LOYALTY GROUP the Word of Christ is winning many
+dark hearts; but in the latter the fanatic hatred of Romish priests
+continues to the stricken Christians of UEA that system of oppressive
+persecution against which they appealed long ago.
+
+Of the SAMOAN MISSION a most pleasing account has recently been given
+by a writer in _Blackwood's Magazine_, which fully sustains the
+reports of its prosperity given by the missionaries:--
+
+"We have said that the London Missionary Society has the spiritual
+care of the Samoan Islands. The first missionaries were established
+there about thirty years ago, but the group had been frequently
+visited by them previously to that date. With what zeal and
+devotedness these excellent men have laboured needs not here to be
+enlarged upon; and with respect to the success that has attended
+their labours, it is sufficient to say that all heathen and barbarous
+practices have been abolished, Christianity is firmly established,
+life and property are as secure as in England--nay, more so, as theft
+is almost unknown--the morals of the people have been greatly
+improved, a general system of education prevails, and the Bible is
+admirably translated and in the hands of every member of the
+community. The difficulties which the missionaries in Samoa had to
+contend with were certainly far less than in many other islands in
+these seas. Here were no bloodthirsty, ferocious cannibals, but a
+mild and gentle race, well disposed towards strangers, with no
+elaborate system of idolatry to overthrow; so that the Mission was
+established without difficulty, and the progress was rapid and
+continued. So apt and intelligent are this people, that Samoa very
+soon became a centre of missionary enterprise, sending forth trained
+Native Teachers to other islands, of whom we shall presently have
+occasion to speak.
+
+"A short account of the mode in which the Mission work in Polynesia
+is carried on will be interesting, not only by reason of the success
+that has almost invariably attended it in the islands in which
+missionaries are located, but also on account of the widely-spread
+influence exercised throughout the South Seas by the agency of the
+Native Teachers."
+
+Special mention has frequently been made of the great liberality of
+the SAMOAN churches. The Rev. GEORGE PRATT thus describes the
+energetic effort made last year to increase it:--
+
+"In May I paid a visit to Mr. Drummond's district. Very much pleased
+I was to see the very great improvement amongst his people. At the
+May Meeting they made a great effort, and challenged Samoa to beat
+them. I accepted the challenge, reminding them how formerly our
+people beat theirs in a game of chance just when they made sure of
+victory. The report of this speech preceded me, and created a
+_furore_ among my people. They determined to beat; the merchants
+raised the price of money fifty per cent.; the merchants refused
+money, or ran short; all in vain; every difficulty was surmounted;
+and when a most iniquitous discount for bills is deducted, there will
+still be hard on to 700 pounds for the London Missionary Society."
+
+The Rev. A.W. MURRAY informs the Directors that the contributions
+so gathered have been the largest of all. They have amounted to the
+extraordinary sum of 2,236 pounds 18 shillings:--
+
+"Our contributions for the present year are not quite complete yet.
+What remains will be inconsiderable. The full amount will appear in
+my annual statement of accounts. What has come to hand from the
+different stations, including our own, amounts to the unprecedented
+sum of _Two thousand, two hundred, and thirty-six pounds, eighteen
+shillings_. May I add a word of caution with reference to the amount
+raised by our people this year. It will be wise, I think, for all
+of us to say very little about it, inasmuch as the present year will
+certainly be an exceptional one."
+
+[Illustration: MISSION HOUSE, MANGAIA.]
+
+Nor are others of our Polynesian Converts behindhand. The Native
+Churches in Mangaia have also given generous gifts, of which the Rev.
+W.W. GILL speaks thus:--
+
+"This sum (217 pounds 7 shillings O pence) is considerably the
+largest contribution ever made by Mangaia to the funds of our
+Society; the reason is, that I have this year obtained a better price
+for the arrowroot. I feel deeply thankful that our people have
+steadily persevered in their offerings to God, notwithstanding the
+accumulated misfortunes produced by three hurricanes in two years,
+and their consequent poverty."
+
+When it became clear from the letters received from the islands that
+the MISSIONARY SHIP was really lost, the Directors without delay
+devoted their attention to the question of securing a new one.
+Several important facts were clearly shown in the statements laid
+before them. Some six or eight small vessels are now running
+regularly between the chief groups of islands and Sydney: a few
+vessels also pass irregularly between the islands themselves, and
+can at times be chartered, or be employed to carry goods. So far,
+therefore, as mere goods are concerned, there is no great difficulty
+in supplying about twenty out of the twenty-seven missionaries of
+the Society who are labouring in the South Seas. But, besides
+supplying stores to their missionaries, the Society is carrying on
+most important evangelistic work in several small and isolated
+groups; as the Pearl Islands, the Penrhyns, the Ellice and Lagoon
+Islands, and in detached islands of the larger groups. These isolated
+spots require to be visited regularly, for the protection of the
+people, the encouragement of the teachers, and for the supply of new
+men, medicines, and books. The vessels that may be hired are not
+always available. They are often far from suitable to the work; they
+are very deficient in that amount of comfort which on public duty
+the missionary brethren ought to enjoy. Not seldom they wish to go
+where the missionary finds no work; to stay at some places when his
+work is finished; and to leave others when the work requires him to
+remain. Besides, evangelistic work is growing on our hands; the
+native churches are strong; labourers are abundant; the groups lying
+to the north and west are more open than ever; and the Directors are
+called upon to look fairly in the face a large extension of the South
+Sea Mission among three hundred islands, containing millions of
+people who are heathen still. All the objects desired through the
+entire range of the Society's interests and the Society's work, can
+with ease be secured by a vessel of our own, commanded by a truly
+missionary captain, officers, and crew.
+
+With considerations like these before them, the Directors were
+unanimous in resolving that another MISSIONARY SHIP should be
+provided without delay. They had clear evidence that the ship should
+be smaller than the last. They were urged also on every hand to keep
+the ship between the islands and Sydney, and to recall her to England
+only at long intervals. Accordingly, another vessel, the third
+bearing the name of the _John Williams_, has been launched, fitted
+out and despatched to the Islands. Amid the busy work of the past
+two years, no single matter has occupied a larger share of the
+Directors' attention and care than the building and equipment of this
+vessel. She is a beautiful barque of 186 tons register; she went to
+sea well equipped in every respect, and specially provided with
+certain fittings that will conduce to the comfort of the missionaries
+and their families. The Directors placed on board an excellent
+library, a large Atlas of the best maps, illustrative of the South
+Seas and the Australian colonies; also a quadrant and barometer for
+general use; and it only remained to supply the library with a set
+of the different Polynesian Scriptures.
+
+   "Heaven speed the canvas gallantly unfurled,
+    To furnish and accommodate a world.
+    Soft airs and gentle heavings of the wave
+    Attend the ship whose errand is to save,
+    Which flies, obedient to her Lord's commands,
+    A herald of God's love to pagan lands."
+
+[Illustration: THE "JOHN WILLIAMS."]
+
+Rare in the world are those scenes of enchanting beauty, which the
+islands of Polynesia so frequently display. Yet nowhere did
+heathenism descend to deeper degradation; nowhere did it develop
+blacker vices and commit more hellish crimes. Incessant war,
+merciless cruelty, infanticide, indescribable vice, in many places
+cannibalism, made the strong races a ceaseless terror to each other
+and to the world outside them. Over millions of their brethren such
+heathenism and wickedness hold the same sway still. In all but
+Western Polynesia, the Gospel has swept this heathenism away. The
+four great Societies which have sent their brethren forth as
+messengers of mercy, have gathered into Christ's fold 300,000 people,
+of whom 50,000 are members of the Church. They have together expended
+on the process less than 1,200,000 pounds, a sum which now-a-days
+will only make a London railway, or furnish the Navy with six
+ironclads. Yet how wonderful the fruit of their toil! "The wolf
+dwells with the lamb; the leopard lies down with the kid." The
+destruction of life has been stayed. Beautiful as were these lands
+by nature, culture has rendered them more lovely still. Everywhere
+the white chapel and school have taken the place of the heathen marai.
+The trim cottage, which Christianity gave them, peeps everywhere
+from its nook of leaves. Land and people are Christian now. The
+victories of peace have taken the place of war. Resources have
+multiplied: wealth has begun to accumulate. Books, knowledge, order
+and law, rule these communities. Large churches have been gathered;
+schools flourish; good men and good women are numerous. Not a few
+have offered themselves as missionaries to heathen islands; and in
+zeal, self-sacrifice, and patient service have equalled the earnest
+men of other climes.
+
+[Illustration: HOUSE OF THE REV. JOHN WILLIAMS, RAIATEA.]
+
+All over the southern groups of Polynesia, this is the work which
+missionaries have been doing. This is the influence which they have
+exercised, and these are the fruits of their devoted toil. It is not
+merely Admiral FITZROY, and Captain ERSKINE, and Admiral WILKES, who
+testify to the reality of such results; but to these Christian
+islands, where sailors were once afraid to land, hundreds of whalers
+run gladly every year to get the refreshment which their hard toil
+renders so grateful. From icebergs and boundless seas, and heavy
+gales of wind; from the exciting chase, the capture, the boiling down
+of their huge prey; and from all the filthy, weary work of whaling
+life, they now run north to New Zealand and Samoa, to Tahiti and
+Rarotonga; not only to refit their vessels and to replace their
+broken gear, but to buy fresh meat and vegetables and coffee; to get
+medicine for their sick; to revel in oranges, plantains and
+water-melons; to feast the eye on green mountains and cultured
+valleys; to walk among white cottages and flower gardens and groves
+of palms; to attend Sabbath services, and be reminded of their
+Christian training and their Christian homes. Where have unaided men,
+however wise, produced a moral change like this? With us the GOSPEL
+alone has done it, and to GOD we give all the praise.
+
+
+
+
+IX.--SOUTH AFRICA.
+
+
+In the course of their revision, the Directors found that the SOUTH
+AFRICA Mission needed at their hands an unusual amount of attention
+and care. Owing to peculiar circumstances, it had been to a
+considerable extent lost sight of for several years. At the outset
+of the inquiry, several questions of vital importance presented
+themselves for settlement. While the mission numbered on its staff
+thirty-five European missionaries, no less than twenty-one of these
+brethren were labouring in the christianized portions of the colony;
+where the native population has grown thinner rather than more
+numerous; and where the ministers and missionaries of other
+Societies have considerably increased. Only fourteen of the
+Society's missionaries were labouring in the heathen territories,
+in Kafirland and among the Bechuana tribes.
+
+The six mission estates, termed INSTITUTIONS, which for a series of
+years proved a valuable refuge to the Hottentot labourers, and
+trained them in habits of industry, have changed their character,
+with the improved position of public opinion and public law. They
+have long since accomplished their special work; and socially, in
+recent years, some of them have been doing evil rather than good.
+Again, the close relation subsisting between several of the
+missionaries and the Native Churches of which they were pastors, has
+operated much to the disadvantage of these brethren during the years
+of drought; and the system required readjustment without delay. The
+incomes of all the missionaries, especially of those within the Cape
+Colony, were insufficient, and the education of the young was in
+general very imperfectly provided for.
+
+After careful consideration of the whole case, the Directors found
+themselves able to meet the numerous difficulties which it presented,
+and to shape out a system of management which may duly provide for
+these missions in the future, on definite and healthy principles.
+A series of RESOLUTIONS was passed by the Board, embodying that
+system; and these were conveyed to the brethren in the mission, with
+a DESPATCH which contained a full explanation of their views.
+
+In considering the future of the Mission, the Directors remember that
+many christian agencies have been set at work in the Colony, in
+addition to their own, since they took up the cause of the Native
+tribes, and successfully fought the battle of their freedom. Some
+of these agencies have given especial attention to the European
+Congregations, to which the Society has never devoted its
+substantial strength; but amongst them the Natives also, especially
+in the eastern parts of the colony, have found pastors and friends.
+The time has therefore come to shift the Society's labours more
+decidedly to those districts of South Africa which are still occupied
+by heathen tribes, and which have but few instructors. In the western
+parts of the colony our churches are few. In the neighbourhood of
+PORT ELIZABETH there is a cluster of important stations, which have
+exercised great influence for good over the Native races, and have
+brought many of their people into the Church Of Christ.
+
+In KAFIRLAND, in districts within the English dominion, the Society
+has five stations, in most of which there is fair access to a
+population still heathen. In each a Christian Church has been
+gathered; the members are nine hundred in number, and the
+congregations contain nearly four thousand persons. Four English
+missionaries have charge of these missions, and a Native Pastor, the
+Rev. A. Van Rooyen. These missions, however, are surrounded by the
+agencies of other Missionary Societies; and they have not that full
+scope for development which is desirable, and which they possessed
+in earlier years. It is among the Bechuana missions, that enlargement
+is most practicable.
+
+For twenty years the Mission Station at the KURUMAN, with its
+immediate neighbours, stood forth, the last of the border
+lighthouses on the shore of that wild sea of savage life and savage
+wars, which stretched northward without a break to the unpeopled
+Sahara. Then for nine years Livingstone maintained a station beyond
+it among the Bakwains. In 1859, in two bands, our brethren entered
+the wilderness, to found new Missions among the Makololo and the
+Matebele. Strange disasters broke up the first. The second was
+established successfully at INYATI, and has grown in strength and
+influence. Two others have since been fixed at intermediate stations
+between the Kuruman and Inyati: and thus a chain of Missions, at
+intervals of three hundred miles, has been carried onwards into the
+centre of savage heathendom, and to the neighbourhood of the Victoria
+Falls. Amid powerful difficulties our brethren have not laboured in
+vain. They have had to contend with inveterate prejudices; they have
+been preaching lofty truths to minds which, in religion, are on the
+level of childhood, yet, in wickedness, have the experience of age.
+Still they have held on. In perils of journeys; in perils of sickness;
+in perils of the wilderness; in abundant labours; in privations; in
+loneliness; they have lived on, if by any means they may save some.
+
+The death of MOSELEKATSE is no common event among the South African
+tribes. His career has had a terrible effect upon their numbers,
+their position and their history. Leader of a tribe of Zulu Kafirs,
+about 1816 he was driven from his own country by the anger of Chaka,
+the savage head of the nation, and began to carve out an inheritance
+for himself in new lands. Brave, bold, and shrewd, he knew how to
+grasp opportunities, to make use of the right men, to reward fidelity
+generously, and summarily to stamp out opposition. Throughout life
+he had a wonderful influence over both nobles and people. His army
+was disciplined; and its courage was stimulated by stirring songs.
+In the little court-yard of this African lion, the yells of battle,
+the cries of the wounded, the shouts of victory were imitated, and
+the stories of brave deeds were told by rude minstrels, as
+effectively as, in old days, in Scandinavian halls. His rule was
+despotic in the extreme; its barbarities were unparalleled. His
+warriors were rewarded by slaves and plunder, and their warlike
+expeditions have been incessant to the last. Bursting upon the
+Bahurutse tribes beyond the Zulu territory, myriads of lives were
+flung away. The tribes were crushed, destroyed, and scattered. The
+remnant fell upon their neighbours; or fled into the desert; or
+escaped, like the Makololo, to a new land. For twenty years the
+country was a sea of war, in which Mantatees and Bergenaars,
+Barolongs and Bangwaketse, Bakwains and Matebele, were flung upon
+one another, until the storm spent itself, and but a remnant was left.
+Often did the Matebele themselves suffer terribly. Often did the
+stratagems of Scythians and Libyans in ancient days reappear in this
+modern warfare. The refugees decoyed their terrible enemies into the
+desert, and left them to die miserably of thirst. Driven to the
+northward by fear of Dingaan, in the Makololo and their brave chief,
+Sebituane, the Matebele found their match. But on the weaker tribes,
+to the banks of the Zambesi, they have waged incessant and successful
+war.
+
+What a mighty need is there of the Gospel here! In no field of the
+Society's efforts is that need so strikingly manifest. The incessant
+wars, the shocking inhumanity, the indescribable vices, the
+universal degradation, all attest the depth of sin and misery in
+which millions of our race pass their lives. Acuteness, bravery,
+manliness are not wanting; right and wrong are not unacknowledged;
+the future world is not unknown. Even tenderness is not unfelt; the
+sorrows of children could touch Moselekatse's heart to its very core.
+But how appalling their ignorance, their misery, their SIN! Is it
+true that they are responsible--that "they are without excuse"? Is
+it true that "the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all
+ungodliness and unrighteousness of men"; that "neither thieves, nor
+covetous, nor drunkards, nor extortioners, shall inherit the kingdom
+of God"; that "the fearful, the abominable, murderers, sorcerers,
+idolaters, and all liars, shall have their part in the second death"?
+How loud the call upon us to save them; to waken them from their sleep
+of evil, and proclaim with tenderness and power, "Behold the Lamb
+of God, which taketh away the sin of the world"! For all this wrong
+and all this misery the Gospel is a perfect remedy, and we have only
+to apply it fully. To enlighten these degraded souls by knowledge;
+to humanize their hardness; to save women and children; to deliver
+all from sin; to bring them upward to the Father whom they have
+forgotten, by opening to them His divine compassion in the Lord
+Jesus; to make life worth living for, because it is the portal of
+a heavenly life for ever: this has been the purpose and this the work
+of our faithful brethren for fifty years. Other men have gone there
+with very different aims. When once the missionary had made it safe,
+the trader followed with his muskets and powder, his exciting
+firewater; with his brilliant beads, his gorgeous chintzes, his
+convenient cutlery; he followed with sugar, and coffee, and tea,
+which he was willing to exchange for karosses and deer-horns, and
+cattle; for teeth and tusks of ivory. Aids to civilization such
+things might prove; but standing alone how could they elevate, when
+powder fed the wars; when the drink prostrated chief and people; and
+even Englishmen encouraged the sale of slaves.
+
+True civilization springs from pure religion. Where grace touches
+the heart of a man, it quickens all his powers.
+
+   "The transformation of apostate man
+    From fool to wise, from earthly to divine,
+    Is work for Him that made him."
+
+Among a barbarous people the gospel effects changes in one generation
+which ages without its grace have failed to secure. "In coming back
+to the station on the Kuruman," says Livingstone, "from the tribes
+in the interior, I always felt that I had come back to civilization."
+It is the Gospel which has made the Kuruman; and what it is, other
+stations are already beginning to be. Apart from its christian church
+and christian community; apart from the many who have lived a holy
+life and died in the Lord; apart from the well studied translation
+of the Bible to which Mr. Moffat has given the strength of his
+life,--all over the northern territory the tribes which have heard
+the Gospel are waking up to new, strange thought; conscience is
+struggling upward into power; and life is taking for them a new form,
+and is exhibiting a higher purpose. Peace is desired more than ever;
+towns and settlements are becoming seats of constant industry;
+waggons are purchased by chiefs and people; cottages and gardens
+multiply. When Sechele and five thousand of his people hold a meeting
+to pray for rain, and gather again to offer thanks for the blessing
+bestowed, the influence of the rain-maker must be on the decline.
+And when the Matebele hope that the successor of Moselekatse,
+wandering in other districts, will have learned the religion of the
+gospel, and rule gently according to its precepts, surely the time
+for their deliverance is nigh at hand.
+
+
+
+
+X.--MADAGASCAR.
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF THE COUNTRY 20 MILES AROUND ANTANANARIVO,
+MADAGASCAR.]
+
+The MADAGASCAR MISSION is peculiarly dear to the friends of the
+London Missionary Society; and not to them only, but to all the
+supporters of Foreign Missions. It is the child of their affection;
+the object of their most tender compassion, their yearnings, and
+their prayers. Its long trial of suffering, the grace given to its
+scattered members, their patience, their fidelity, have drawn to its
+churches the love, the confidence, the reverence of all christian
+hearts. Its history is a very simple one. Founded in 1818, it was
+between 1820 and the death of Radama in 1828, that the Mission Schools,
+the printing press, and instruction in the industrial arts, laid deep
+the foundation of that education and enlightenment which have so
+greatly benefited the population at large. And it was during those
+brief years the seeds were sown of that true spiritual life and
+christian principle which produced a native christian church, and
+enabled it, nourished by Divine grace, to bear the bitter persecution
+of twenty-six years. No fiercer resolve to maintain an old national
+idolatry has been witnessed in modern days, than that from which this
+persecution sprang. It was steadfast, uncompromising, and
+unrelenting. Maintained throughout the lifetime of the persecutors,
+it was especially bitter and violent on three occasions. _a_. In July,
+1837, when the profession of christianity was forbidden, when all
+christian worship was stopped, and all books were ordered to be given
+up, our first martyr, a true christian woman, RASALAMA, was speared.
+RAFARALAHY followed her, a year after. In 1840 nine were speared;
+many hundreds were made slaves; two hundred at least became fugitives.
+In 1842 the persecution extended to VONIZONGO, and, of five brethren
+who suffered, two were executed, and three were poisoned. By this
+time seventeen had lost their lives: and both christian and heathen
+had learned the great lesson, that a true faith in Christ enables
+its followers without fear to meet all penalties for conscience' sake,
+and even with gladness to lay down life itself. _b_. The second great
+trial, intended to be more severe, fell on the scattered church with
+the year 1849. Nineteen confessors were seized, but they answered
+their persecutors bravely, and looked on death without fear.
+Fourteen were thrown over the lofty precipice; the four nobles sang
+hymns amid the burning flames, while the bright rainbow arched the
+heavens and inspired them with more than mortal joy. Nineteen hundred
+of their faithful companions were fined; a hundred were flogged; many
+others were enslaved, and made "to serve with rigour" in public works,
+in felling timber and hewing stone. But still was it true of these
+"children of Israel," "the more they oppressed them, the more they
+multiplied and grew." _c_. The third persecution was more bitter and
+resolute still. In July, 1857, when mutiny and massacre were at their
+height in Upper India, fourteen were stoned to death at FIADANA,
+followed by seven others; and sixty-six were loaded with heavy chains.
+The church was still more scattered; but many of the leading brethren
+were securely hidden, and "had their lives given them as a prey."
+
+In 1861 the church obtained its long-lost liberty, and was permitted
+again to profess its belief in open day. Rich in faith, steadfast
+in principle, it only needed a wider range of Scripture knowledge
+and some little guidance in its public affairs. Singularly free from
+the admixture of foreign elements in its constitution, it had pastors
+and teachers; the brethren were accustomed to edify one another, and
+were zealous for the spread of the truth among their fellow-countrymen.
+
+The progress of the churches during the last eight years has been
+sound as well as rapid. Conviction has ripened where the good seed
+was sown; thousands have become members; many thousands more have
+joined our congregations; numerous churches have been organized both
+in the capital and in the country round. The members of the churches
+have been true missionaries where they have gone; and thus many, whom
+public duty or private interest had led far away from home, have been
+the means of planting churches in the district of Vonizongo, and even
+in the distant town of Fianarantsoa.
+
+If the measure of our suffering be the measure of our greatness, we
+cannot wonder that this martyr church is strong in faith, giving
+glory to God. Hence all the quiet but solid strength of their present
+prosperity. Hence the great but not too rapid increase, in their
+numbers. Hence it is that, though persecution left them poor, they
+have built nearly a hundred village chapels; that their search into
+the Word of God is deep, continuous, and unwearied; that their
+congregations are crowded; that, at a missionary prayer meeting held
+early in the day, sixteen hundred persons gather together; and that,
+when a volunteer preacher finds it inconvenient every Sabbath to
+visit a distant village, his brethren invite him permanently to
+reside there, and offer to pay him a sufficient income till that
+village shall be christianized.
+
+[Illustration: AMBATONAKANGA CHURCH, MADAGASCAR.]
+
+How shall we forget their grateful rejoicings when the first stone
+church in memory of their martyrs was set apart for worship! By the
+entire christian population, and even by many heathen, it was felt
+to be a truly festive day. From early dawn they began to gather around
+the edifice, eager to secure a place on an occasion so memorable.
+You see the little parties of christian villagers making their way
+across the western plain; coming in from the southward, where many
+churches lie; or from the north, where, in the sacred village of
+Ambohimanga, the man who should have been chief guardian of its
+heathenism, is now the teacher of its christian church. Streaming
+along the public roads of the city, the many processions, headed by
+their singers, mount to the noble platform of rock on which the Church
+of AMBATONAKANGA stands. The building will hold eleven hundred
+people, but over four thousand have gathered around it: the doors
+are opened at eight; sixteen hundred manage to squeeze in, and the
+remainder wait in patience for five hours more, to get their turn
+in the afternoon service. Attended by a procession, duly marshalled
+with music, high officers of the government bear from the Queen a
+condescending message of congratulation and encouragement. And then
+the native pastor opens the service. He is one of the earliest
+Christians in the island; a man of great ability, of noble,
+long-tried character. He was a convert in the old chapel that stood
+on that very ground. For years he was hunted for his life; but the
+Lord kept him. His noble wife, a true martyr, died in chains; but,
+hid in hollow walls, in holes of the rock, in solitary huts and
+cowhouses, he marvellously escaped. And when at last, like the rest
+of the "slain" church, after long silence, he walked once more
+through "the streets of the city," his "enemies beheld him" in wonder.
+There he stands in the face of day, honoured and known, the native
+pastor of that church, and the appointed tutor of the Queen's adopted
+children.
+
+When the late Queen took her journey to the sea, large numbers of
+christians attended the camp on official duty, and, by faithfully
+observing the Sabbath and holding meetings for worship, afforded
+numerous opportunities to their heathen companions of hearing the
+gospel preached and of listening to christian prayers. The
+impression produced was deep and widespread. When the camp returned
+to the capital, hundreds of new faces were seen in the churches, and
+the congregations increased so greatly, that chapel building and
+enlargement were necessitated on a very extensive scale.
+
+With the reign of her youngest sister, the new Queen, all hesitation
+on the part of the Government respecting christianity seemed to pass
+away. The leaders had doubted whether it did not necessarily involve
+the introduction of purely foreign elements into the general
+government of the island. But reassured by the steadfast loyalty of
+the Protestant missionaries, who have adhered strictly to their
+position as religious teachers, and whose prudent, sober conduct in
+difficult circumstances the Directors consider deserving of high
+praise, the nobles, believing that christianity had proved itself
+a great public blessing, began to accept it heartily for themselves.
+
+Kind messages were sent from the Queen to the missionaries on her
+accession; with assurances of public protection for all their
+converts. The diviners and idol keepers, who had been so influential
+in the palace, were dismissed to country villages. Numerous members
+of noble families joined the several congregations in the city, and
+many of the highest rank were baptized. The congregations both in
+town and country grew larger and larger, and it was most difficult
+to find them room. Next a law was passed, putting a stop to all
+official work on the Sabbath-day: and was followed by another law,
+which directed that Sunday markets should be held on some other
+convenient day. After full consideration, the Council repealed the
+ancient law, which forbade the erection of stone buildings within
+the capital, and had sanctioned only palaces, houses and walls of
+wood. Such a step may appear to be a trifle. It may seem to be a matter
+merely of economy, safety, and convenience, whether a people shall
+build in wood or earth or stone. But the repeal meant more than this.
+It was a veritable Reform Bill: it swept away old traditions,
+conservative customs, and those rules and motives of the past which
+were the buttresses of idolatry, and which had hitherto hindered all
+public progress. It was a sign that this young nation had entered
+on a new career of life and thought and happiness.
+
+[Illustration: MADAGASCAR--GATHERING OF THE PEOPLE FOR THE MAKING
+OF LAWS.]
+
+On the day of the coronation three hundred thousand people gathered
+to meet their sovereign. Preceded by a hundred ladies, and by her
+Ministers and Council, the Queen was borne to the assembly in simple
+state. The old scarlet banners, which were the emblems of the idols'
+presence, were wanting in the procession. Around the canopy that
+shaded her throne, were written the words of the angels which
+welcomed the Redeemer into the world. In front and to her right stood
+the table which bore her crown. On another table to the left, was
+the Bible presented to her predecessor by the British and Foreign
+Bible Society. Her royal speech contained many elevated sentiments:
+but it specially announced to all her people liberty of conscience
+in regard to christianity of the fullest kind. "This is my word to
+you, O ye under heaven, in regard to the praying: it is not enforced:
+it is not hindered: for God made you."
+
+For several weeks in a quiet way worship was maintained, and the Bible
+read in the palace on the Sabbath-day: the native ministers were
+invited to conduct the service. In the country districts gratifying
+advance has been made. Village chapels have increased in number. In
+the sacred city of Ambohimanga which foreigners may not enter, two
+churches have been gathered outside the walls: and on one occasion
+one of the missionary brethren addressed a vast congregation in the
+open market near. In Vonizongo the churches have increased. Far away
+to the south of the capital, the visits of our brethren to the
+BETSILEO awoke new life among the converts; and, among the forests
+of Tanala, the noble princess Ittovana, one of the ablest among the
+able nobles of the island, has declared herself a Christian.
+
+The most conspicuous manifestation of the sympathy of the Queen and
+her leading nobles with this advance of religious opinion appeared
+in November last, on the opening of the second of the Memorial
+Churches, the church at AMBOHIPOTSY. Thirty years ago, in March, 1836,
+on a Sunday morning, the little prison of the capital at
+Ambatonakanga was opened, and a young woman was led forth to be put
+to death. She was just thirty, fair to look upon, and of gentle
+manners; and her face was lit with that bright radiance which springs
+from the conviction that God and heaven are very near. She walked
+forth with firm step; she was surrounded by the guards; and though
+going to die, she began to sing in a joyous tone the hymns that she
+had loved. Followed by a crowd, of which some hooted and some were
+lost in wonder, she passed through the city, towards the dreary ditch
+at the south end of the long ridge on which the capital is built.
+The scene before her and on either side was one of unusual beauty.
+East, west, and south, the broad green plain of Imerina stretched
+to the distant horizon, presenting to the eye bright gleams of lakes
+and watercourses, of fertile fields and wooded hills; amongst which
+nestled the rich villages, and the flocks and herds were feeding in
+peace. She saw it not. She saw not the smiling land, the taunting
+crowd, the cruel executioner: she saw only the face of her Lord.
+Descending the hill, she knelt to pray; and so praying she was speared.
+No common honour descended upon her that day: she was the first martyr
+of Christ's church in the island of Madagascar. "Strange is it," said
+the executioner, "there is a charm about these people; they do not
+fear to die."
+
+Thirty-two years have passed away. Again the crowds gather at the
+"White Village," and another woman comes down to pray, the object
+of attraction to all eyes. But this is the QUEEN of Madagascar. On
+the white ridge which overhangs the ditch where RASALAMA died, stands
+a handsome church, with its lofty spire, which has been erected to
+her memory, and will bear her name upon its walls. The church is
+crowded with christian worshippers, and vast numbers are compelled
+to remain outside. The Queen, not a persecutor, but a friend, comes
+to join her people in dedicating the church to Christian worship;
+and, in special sympathy with the occasion, offers her Bible for
+pulpit use. The Prime Minister, whose predecessor had assigned
+christians to death, now urges his countrymen, in stirring words,
+to believe in CHRIST, because He is the Saviour of the world. To all
+who are present, ruler and subjects, the occasion is one of unfeigned
+joy. Once more the Queen and her christian subjects met before the
+year closed. On Christmas Day the palace court was crowded by
+converts wishing to present their congratulations, and, at the
+Queen's request, they sang some of their hymns and offered prayer.
+The Report of the Mission speaks of 20,000 hearers added to the
+congregations during last year; and returns the converts at 37,000
+persons, including 7,000 members.
+
+Now we hear, on the very eve of this May anniversary, that the QUEEN
+herself has been baptized. Humbly and simply, like one of her
+subjects, she has sought instruction from her Native Pastors; has
+told the story of the growth of her convictions; and has not been
+afraid to confess her faith.
+
+All this the Directors of the Society have observed with deepest
+thankfulness; and they know that many have sympathized with this
+feeling, and have joined them in recognizing these wondrous answers
+to prayer. But they feel that heavy responsibilities still rest upon
+them as christian men; and that continued care and grace are needed
+from the Spirit of God to keep these young churches from surrounding
+perils. They have a very definite work before them, and definite
+principle to guide them in the doing of it. The third Memorial Church
+is being completed, and plans have been adopted for the fourth. They
+are strengthening the country mission among the Betsileo tribes;
+increased agencies are now at work in general education; and plans
+have been suggested for the training of a Native ministry. A reprint
+of the Malagasy Testament has been undertaken by the Bible Society;
+the general operations of the press are being enlarged; and they are
+anxious to strengthen the Medical Mission. The missionary brethren
+are watching with wise and jealous care over the purity, the
+discipline, and the spiritual independence of the Native churches;
+and a UNION of those churches for mutual aid has been inaugurated
+during the year.
+
+With numerous Romanist priests and sisters in the capital, the
+Protestant ministers, English and Native, are firm in their
+adherence to the Bible alone as the appointed instructor and guide
+of their people. And it is because the preaching of vital truth has
+been so blessed, that the Directors are anxious to prevent the
+introduction of all minor controversies. Therefore they cannot but
+consider that, in the absence of any number of converts in the
+Episcopal missions, the appointment of a Bishop of the Church of
+England to Madagascar, promoted by one of those missions, is
+undesirable; that it is calculated to introduce confusion among
+young converts; to hinder their spiritual progress; and to do them
+vital and lasting injury. They have therefore very earnestly pressed
+upon the proposers of the scheme that it shall be reconsidered; and
+they trust that, as a result of friendly conference, it may be
+altogether laid aside.
+
+
+
+
+XI.--MISSIONS IN INDIA.
+
+
+In India two hundred millions of people are placed under the indirect
+jurisdiction or the direct rule of the Queen of England. The empire
+is divided into many great provinces, in which are spoken ten
+principal languages. All along the great rivers are scattered great
+cities, surrounded by hundreds of large towns, and thousands of
+populous villages. Many of them are centres of a trade growing
+greater every year, and many are also headquarters of Mohammedanism
+and of Hindoo idolatry. The endowments and vested interests of
+idolatry are of enormous value; the Brahmin families may be counted
+by millions; the Hindoo religious books were commenced 1200 years
+B.C., and the system itself goes back a thousand years farther still.
+Such a system is a formidable antagonist and the barriers it raises
+against change are very strong. Yet even Hindooism, so powerful, so
+rich, so ancient, is giving way at every point. In the external life
+of the Empire, a just government, providing for every one of its
+subjects complete security of person and property, and giving them
+perfect religious liberty, is adapting its public laws and forms of
+administration more fully to the circumstances of the time; and is
+introducing the natives more numerously to those posts of duty and
+of usefulness for which they become fitted. The order and peace of
+the country, encouraging production and trade, have raised the wages
+of labour, and given the peasant a command of comfort which he never
+knew before. Englishmen have done many wrong things in India, for
+which they have been justly chastised. But a new spirit has entered
+into the public government of the Empire, and during the last seven
+years, a degree of improvement and a solid advance have taken place,
+in the course of legislation and in the material wealth of the empire,
+of which none, except men who have seen it, have any idea. Three
+Universities, whose annual examinations in the English and native
+languages draw hundreds of native students, stand at the summit of
+a sound system of education which is spreading more widely every
+year.
+
+[Illustration: BANGALORE INSTITUTION.]
+
+In the direct religious teaching of the people, nearly six hundred
+missionaries from Europe and America, sustained by twenty-two
+Missionary Societies, have planted stations in the most populous and
+influential cities. Joined by two hundred ordained Native Ministers
+and two thousand Native Preachers, they carry on a system of
+christian agency which costs the important sum of 300,000 pounds
+sterling a year. Many calumnies have been uttered respecting
+missionaries, and their work, by men who have professed to visit the
+cities where they labour, and saw nothing of its results. But these
+are more than answered by the striking fact that, of the money
+annually expended on these Missions no less than 50,000 pounds are
+contributed by the English residents in India, who live among the
+missions and see them with their own eyes.
+
+And what is the result? We can point to 50,000 adult communicants,
+to congregations of 250,000 people, and to our two hundred native
+clergy, as fruits of grace and proofs of blessing from above. But
+one of the greatest fruits of all missionary labour in India in the
+past and in the present is to be found in the mighty change already
+produced in the knowledge and convictions of the people at large.
+Everywhere the Hindoos are learning that an idol is nothing, and that
+bathing in the Ganges cannot cleanse away sin. Everywhere they are
+getting to know that to us there is one God, even the Father, and
+one Lord Jesus Christ, the Saviour of all nations. A native scholar,
+speaking of his own religion, has said of it, "Hindooism is sick unto
+death: I am persuaded it must fall."
+
+A crowd once asked a Berlin missionary, "Sir, why does not the
+Government abolish Juggernaut, and save us from the penalties of
+outcasts if we profess Christianity?" While the new school of
+educated men, calling themselves Theists, in myriads are seeking for
+a better way, without encountering the same great penalties. A
+glorious future is indicated by these "signs of the heaven," which
+seem to me to prove that in a great Empire in which public opinion
+is compact and firm, a vast change in preparation for the future may
+be produced while churches and converts are comparatively few. Like
+Israel of old in presence of Moab, in the darkness of night we have
+been digging ditches by Divine command; but when His day of grace
+shall dawn and the morning sacrifice be offered, He shall fill them
+in abundance with His Spirit's streams, and the whole Empire be
+revived.
+
+Shall the children of the world, in these matters, be wise in their
+generation, and the children of light not go and do likewise? It is
+the universal conviction of residents in India that it is a wise
+course not to denationalize its inhabitants, but to keep them a
+distinct people; merely introducing into their dress and style of
+living those improvements which are demanded by health or by
+propriety. To make them Europeans is almost certain to do them
+irreparable injury. Adaptation is the law of life. Europeans,
+wherever they go, adapt their houses, their dress, their habits, and
+their food to the climate under which they live. However strong may
+be the belief of Englishmen in the excellence of our constitutional
+government, yet in all our colonies and dependencies the form adopted
+is one suitable to the knowledge, the power, the training, the degree
+of self-government attained by the people of that particular place.
+In no case do the English rulers force upon a dependency a system
+of government unsuitable to it, however excellent that system may
+in itself be.
+
+[Illustration: TEMPLES OF SIVA.]
+
+So ought missionaries and Missionary Societies to act in building
+up native churches in foreign lands. Nowhere ought we to import and
+force upon them those systems of church government which amongst
+ourselves have been largely shaped out by political struggles, by
+numerous controversies, by local experience, and by the far reaching
+thoughts of a few great minds. In most cases we are ourselves
+outgrowing them. In striking instances these systems in Europe are
+found in certain of their elements to trammel and to cramp the life,
+the energy, the lofty aspirations of spiritual minds. And among the
+great problems now before us for the edification and extension of
+our modern churches, are not all thoughtful men anxious to see how
+in every case they may be made more elastic, more perfectly adapted
+in their organization, as well as in their plans of benevolence, to
+the demands of the present day; and specially how they may be so
+widened as to draw into the church in largest degree the piety, the
+experience, the zeal of the lay members of which our churches are
+chiefly composed?
+
+[Illustration: MRS. CORBOLD'S GIRLS' SCHOOL, MADRAS.]
+
+Why should we put upon the neck of our young disciples a yoke which
+we and our fathers have not been able to bear? We must teach them
+some system, and missionaries of different churches will naturally,
+as well as from conscientious principles, teach their own. But let
+us teach the systems in their essential elements; let us teach those
+elements which have stood the test of time, and are found suitable
+to the spiritual power, the self-management, the general resources,
+the christian civilization of the churches which we are asked to
+guide. We may well separate the theory and the principles of our
+different churches from the churches themselves as shaped out by
+history and by the conditions and the course of our own national life.
+Then will their real worth and excellence be more truly manifested,
+to the honour of God and the edification of His children. Let us not
+only open our alabaster box, let us also be willing to break it, if
+only the perfume of the Divine ointment may fill the house of God,
+and cheer and refresh the weary souls within its walls.
+
+The most prominent feature in the INDIA Mission of this Society has
+been the ORDINATION of Evangelists to the work of the ministry;
+either as Pastors of Churches, as missionaries to the heathen, or
+assistants to the missionaries. English education continues to
+extend its influence. The INSTITUTIONS in Calcutta, Madras, and
+Bangalore, are fuller than ever, and very efficient. The school fees
+in India during 1868 amounted to 940 pounds. The attitude of the
+educated classes towards christianity has wonderfully changed, and
+the impression it is making on them is very strong. In the same great
+cities Female education now occupies a larger place than ever in the
+labours of the Mission. In two of the missions of South India, seven
+among the well-trained evangelists of those missions have been
+ordained as pastors or missionaries during the past two years, and
+eleven others have been proposed for the same responsibilities. The
+number in Travancore still stands at eleven, and in North India at
+six. The total number of Native ordained pastors and missionaries
+in the Indian Missions of this Society is twenty-eight, of whom
+fifteen are pastors of churches, and thirteen are employed as
+missionaries. It will probably ere long amount to forty.
+
+[Illustration: TEMPLE OF SIVA.]
+
+The TRAVANCORE Mission has now been established more than sixty years.
+The settled agencies, which have shaped it into its present form,
+have been at work just half a century. And none who contrast the
+present state of the province with what it was when the mission began,
+can fail to mark the wonderful progress which it has made during these
+sixty years, in every element of true prosperity. The province has
+enjoyed an increasing degree of security and order under its native
+rulers, and has made special advance under its present enlightened
+RAJA and his able minister Sir T. Madhava Rao. While slavery and
+serfdom have been abolished, the intensity of Brahminical bigotry
+has been diminished, and a very large measure of religious freedom
+has been secured for the varied classes of the population. Sound
+knowledge and freedom of thought on the most important subjects
+prevail to an extent utterly unknown at the commencement of the
+present century. At the same time, the direct work of the mission
+has met with the most encouraging success. In the seven districts
+of the mission, recently reduced to six, the great number of native
+churches, the large congregations, the number of scholars, the order
+and general purity of christian society, and the liberality with
+which the agencies of the gospel are supported, exhibit that success
+in a striking manner. The crowning proofs of blessing and prosperity
+are seen in the congregations prepared for complete self-support;
+in their great liberality; in the large band of well-educated Native
+preachers and teachers; in newly appointed elders; and in excellent
+and tried native pastors. In these latter points the Travancore
+mission has begun to take rank with some of the most advanced missions
+of all Societies, and to approach the position of rural churches in
+Great Britain itself.
+
+
+
+
+XII.--CHINA.
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF PEKING AND MONGOLIA.]
+
+In the Empire of China the London Missionary Society occupies seven
+principal stations and employs twenty-one English missionaries. By
+their efforts several churches have been founded, which have been
+blessed with true prosperity. No cases of earnest personal effort
+have been more striking in their character and results than those
+which have occurred among the prosperous churches of AMOY. Last year
+the Directors published, in the usual way, detailed information from
+the Rev. JOHN STRONACH, of the opening of new stations at BO-PIEN
+and TIO-CHHU, and showed from Mr. Stronach's journal the hearty
+reception which he met with on his visit to these villages in the
+interior of the province. In the REPORT of the Amoy mission further
+particulars were given, which indicated the progress of the movement,
+and the healthy manner in which it has been carried on. The Directors
+trust that from the outset these earnest Christians will understand
+that it is their privilege and their duty to sustain for themselves
+the ordinances of that faith which they have now received:--
+
+"On the 2nd of December, Mr. JOHN STRONACH visited a large village
+still further distant, called San-io, and had, in the spacious public
+school-room, a numerous and attentive audience for two hours. But
+the chief interest was displayed in the village of Tang-soa, distant
+from Bo-pien about twelve miles, the native place of the zealous,
+but as yet unbaptized convert, whose earnest efforts to instruct his
+numerous neighbours I referred to in my recent letter. In Tang-soa
+his efforts among his relatives have been so successful that many
+of the villagers not only gave up the school-room for us to give
+addresses in, but, after listening to them with an interest
+altogether new in that part of the country, begged me to gratify their
+desires for regular instruction in Christianity by establishing
+services every Sunday. I asked what proof they could give of the
+sincerity of their desire, and fifteen replied by bringing in the
+evening all the idols they owned, and in the presence of about forty
+of their fellow villagers, placing them on the table and then
+decapitating them, breaking them in sundry pieces, trampling them
+frequently under their feet, and otherwise ignominiously treating
+them, to the great delight of the numerous boys who were present and
+who joined gleefully in the sport; and we were at once offered the
+village school-room as another chapel, with the hope of eventually
+being put in possession of the idol temple. One of the deacons at
+Bo-pien, who has often attended the examinations for the first
+literary degree, has been engaged as an assistant preacher. At
+Tio-chhu, the new station referred to in my last letter, I had the
+pleasure, on the 8th December, of baptizing four additional converts,
+making twelve in all."
+
+The Report further observes with respect to the general character
+of the churches in Amoy:--
+
+"While lamenting the falls of some, we rejoice in the salvation of
+many. In the region of BO-PIEN there has been a decided awakening;
+not the least interesting feature of which is, that it was commenced
+by the preaching of an individual who belonged to a church the fewness
+of whose members has often been cause of regret; thus showing us that
+the Gospel, though producing apparently little impression in one
+place, may be productive of the highest results in another; and that,
+though a church may not increase in numbers, it yet may increase in
+the usefulness of its members.
+
+"It is with unfeigned joy that we observe among our church members
+many whose endeavour to overcome their evil habits and customs, whose
+love for the Scriptures, habits of prayer, patient forbearance of
+injuries, and general Christian behaviour, convince us that their
+piety is such as the great Head of the Church will greatly approve."
+
+The city of HANKOW, far up the river Yangtse, in the centre of CHINA,
+has often been spoken of in the Society's periodicals as one of the
+most wonderful mission stations in the world. The Society's work
+commenced in HANKOW in 1861. It has steadily prospered from the first.
+But during the past two years the Church has received unusual
+blessings; has doubled its numbers, and has received several
+remarkable accessions from the heathen. The Rev. G. JOHN thus
+describes these results:--
+
+"Profound gratitude to Almighty God for His presence and aid should
+be the predominant sentiment of our hearts. The numerical accession
+which the church has received this year is considerably in excess
+of that of any previous year. In 1862, ten adults were baptized; in
+1863, twelve; in 1864, thirteen; in 1865, eleven; in 1866,
+twenty-two; in 1867, FIFTY-ONE have been added to our number. Thus,
+whilst year by year the work has been steadily though slowly
+advancing, this year its progress has been rapid and signal. But it
+is not in the mere number that we rejoice. We rejoice in these
+fifty-one converts principally on account of their general character,
+their various stations in life, and the circumstances in which, and
+the means by which they have been brought into the fold of Christ.
+In these respects they are to us a source of much consolation and
+encouragement.
+
+"One interesting fact connected with these fifty-one members is,
+that thirteen of them are women, and that eleven of the thirteen are
+the wives of converts. The conversion of the female population of
+China is a subject which must weigh heavily and constantly on the
+heart of every earnest missionary. The obstacles are many and
+formidable. Both by preaching and private conversation, for nearly
+six years, I have been labouring to impress on the minds of the
+converts the duty and importance of bringing their wives under the
+direct influence of the Gospel. They would maintain that the custom
+of the country was against it. To attend chapel and join the men in
+public worship, would bring not only the wife, but the whole family
+into contempt, and so on.
+
+"Last, year there were evident signs of a movement in the right
+direction; and this year the result has exceeded my most sanguine
+expectations. Nineteen women have already been received into the
+church, several are now coming in, and we have every reason to hope
+that most of the wives of the converts who reside in and around Hankow
+will be identified with us before the end of next year. There are
+now several whole families in the church, and it is getting to be
+generally understood that it is the solemn duty of the Christian
+member of a family to make the salvation of every member of that
+family a matter of deep personal concern."
+
+[Illustration: GOLDEN ISLAND, ON THE YANG-TSE RIVER, CHINA.]
+
+The great value of Hankow as a mission station, and the variety of
+persons which it brings into contact with the Gospel, are strikingly
+illustrated by Mr. JOHN:--
+
+"There is one more interesting fact connected with these fifty-one
+members, namely, that they represent SEVERAL DIFFERENT PROVINCES,
+and various ranks and grades of society. Only on Sunday week I
+baptized six men, who represent five distinct provinces. Of the 108
+members still in communion, about seventy reside in and around the
+cities of Hankow, Wu-Chang, and Han-Yang. The rest are scattered over
+the country, and, we trust, are spreading abroad the knowledge of
+the truth. These facts tend to impress on our minds the importance
+of Hankow as a Mission station; and they prove an observation which
+I made in a former communication to be correct--namely, that the
+whole Empire may be influenced more or less from this grand centre.
+
+"But these men not only represent different Provinces and Districts
+of the Empire; they represent also different grades of society. Some
+of them are scholars, and others are tradesmen; some are artizans,
+and others are peasants; some are poor, but none (with one exception)
+are helpless. We have in the church at present one who has obtained
+his M.A. degree, eight who have obtained their B.A. degree, and a
+large number of ordinary scholars who have passed their
+matriculation examination. Among those who were admitted on Sunday
+week, there were a scholar, a merchant, and a barber. It was
+interesting to see representatives of the highest and lowest grades
+of Chinese society meet before the same font on Sunday; and then,
+on the following Wednesday, at the Christmas feast, occupying
+adjoining seats. Both are filling stations in life in which they may
+exercise a beneficial influence on many around them."
+
+
+
+
+XIII.--THE WEST INDIA MISSION.
+
+
+[Illustration: A MAP OF PART OF BRITISH GUIANA.]
+
+From the ample information recently furnished by the missionaries
+to the Directors, we learn that these two colonies of the British
+Crown contain together a population of Negro extraction amounting
+to half a million individuals; viz.: BRITISH GUIANA, 100,000;
+JAMAICA, 400,000. Besides these there are Indian Coolies, 28,800 in
+number, of whom GUIANA has 25,000. That province also contains 7,000
+Indians, while Jamaica has its thousands of heathen Maroons. The
+ruling population of whites is 13,816 in Jamaica, and 2,000 in Guiana,
+or about 16,000 in all. This native population of half a million,
+just equal in number to the population of the single city of Calcutta
+or Canton, spread over an occupied territory of twelve thousand
+square miles, and situated only four thousand miles from England,
+enjoys the services of three hundred professed ministers of the
+Gospel; of whom a hundred and forty are supplied by Missionary
+Societies not connected with the established churches and supported
+by voluntary funds. The bulk of the population is nominally Christian,
+and has been for some years as well instructed in Christianity as
+an equal number of persons in the country parts of England. And
+doubtless it has been thus christianized the more fully because of
+the large supply of religious teachers furnished by the different
+sections of the Church of Christ.
+
+It is evident that the converts in Jamaica occupy a much higher
+position of physical and social comfort than those in GUIANA, and
+that the latter are not so well off as they were five-and-twenty years
+ago. While wages have fallen and prices have increased, it is evident
+that the moral influence of the 25,000 Coolies from India, with all
+their heathen vices, on the 100,000 Creoles has been exceedingly
+injurious. In neither colony has there been that thorough spiritual
+growth, that self-control, that self-reliance among the christian
+converts generally, which their best friends hoped for and thought
+they were able to find. This cannot be deemed unnatural, when it is
+considered that only thirty years have passed since the Act of
+Emancipation, and that ages of training will be needed before the
+moral taint of slavery is purified away.
+
+[Illustration: RIDGEMOUNT, JAMAICA.]
+
+The Directors therefore feel that it would be in every way a mistake
+to throw these young and imperfect churches at once upon their own
+resources. They have also not seriously entertained the suggestion
+made to commend them to the care of some other evangelical
+denomination seeking the same end as ourselves. Nevertheless the
+Board cannot think it right or wise to continue the present system
+unchanged. If unable completely to run alone, our churches are too
+large, the members too numerous, and their resources too great to
+justify any continuance of that complete dependence upon the Society
+which has prevailed with them hitherto. The Board desire to see the
+churches strong in themselves, managing completely their own affairs,
+providing the ministry by which they shall be instructed, and engaged
+heartily in missionary efforts for the conversion of their heathen
+neighbours. This is the end which, they trust, will henceforth be
+distinctly kept in view, and which should be sought by every means
+which practical experience finds suitable to promote it.
+
+They have resolved, therefore, to adopt the following
+measures:--First, they limit the staff of English missionaries to
+the number of men (thirteen) now left in the field. They desire that
+steady efforts shall be made to place all the churches under the
+pastoral charge of suitable Native ministers. They desire that all
+the local and incidental expenses of the mission shall be entirely
+defrayed by the Native Churches. Lastly, they will limit their grants
+from England to the allowance of the English missionaries.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+XIV.--INCOME AND EXPENDITURE.
+
+
+1.--RECEIPTS.
+
+1. CONTRIBUTIONS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES--
+
+  a. Subscriptions, Donations, and          pound. s. d.
+       Collections                          56,685  2 11
+  b. Dividends                                 584  4  9
+  c. Australian Auxiliaries and Foreign
+       Societies                             3,191  6 10
+  d. Legacies                               10,875 13  7
+  e. Fund for Widows and Orphans and
+       Retired Missionaries                  4,500 15  0
+  f. Mission Stations, English and Native
+       Contributions, raised and
+       appropriated                         19,414 16  4
+  g. Ditto, additional from the South
+       Seas, unappropriated                  1,070 19  5
+                                            ------------ 96,322 18 10
+
+2. CONTRIBUTIONS FOR SPECIAL OBJECTS--
+
+  a. For the Extension of Missions in China    552 12 10
+  b. For the Extension of Missions in India    371  5  4
+  c. For Madagascar Mission                  1,521  7 11
+  d. For Memorial Churches                   1,267 17  0
+  e. For Training Native Agents, other
+       than in India                         1,000  0  0
+  f. For Missionary Ship                       253 19  0
+  g. For Expenditure of 1867 and 1868           79  7  8
+                                            ------------  5,046  9  9
+                                                         ------------
+                     Total Income                       101,369  8  7
+
+3. Balance in hand, May, 1868                1,062  8  4
+4. Funded Property, Tasmania Bond, paid off    500  0  0
+5. Value of Stock transferred from Ship
+     Account                                 2,432  0  0
+6. Rev. Dr. Tidman's Testimonial Fund        3,483 18 11
+                                             -----------  7,478  7  3
+                                                         ------------
+                                                        108,847 15 10
+                                                         ============
+
+2.--EXPENDITURE.
+
+1. FOREIGN EXPENDITURE.
+
+  a. China Mission: allowances of the English
+       Missionaries; Rents; Repairs; Sick Leave;
+       Expenses of Itinerancies; Native Agency;
+       Education, and the Press (as detailed in the
+       last Annual Report)                               10,103  7  3
+  b. India Missions: Bengal and North India; the
+       Madras Presidency; and Travancore                 35,386 13 11
+  c. Madagascar Mission                                   6,686  4  4
+  d. South Africa Mission                                 9,872  1  6
+  e. West India Mission                                   9,225 10  9
+  f. Mission in the South Seas                           13,454 19  2
+  g. Education of Missionary Students                     2,109 10  1
+  h. Retired Missionaries; Widows and Orphans             3,398  8  0
+                                                         ------------
+                     TOTAL FOREIGN EXPENDITURE           90,236 15  3
+
+2. HOME EXPENDITURE.
+
+  a. Expenses of Administration             1,913 16 10
+  b. Expenses in Raising Funds              3,477 12  4
+  c. Periodical Literature                  1,539  1  1
+  d. General Home Expenses                    794 19  8
+                                            -----------
+                     TOTAL HOME EXPENDITURE               7,725  9 11
+                                                         ------------
+                Total expended in 1868                   97,962  5  2
+3. Investments                                            9,017  0  0
+4. Balance in hand, May 1, 1869                           1,868 10  8
+                                                         ------------
+                                                        108,847 15 10
+                                                        =============
+
+
+
+This statement shows that the greater ordinary income secured during
+the past year is needed every year, to maintain the Society at its
+present strength. Even with revised establishments working at a
+reduced cost, the Directors still require 75,000 pounds a-year to
+meet the various items of general expenditure for which they have
+directly to provide. But that is precisely the amount which the
+revived interest and the earnest exertions of deputations and
+collectors have brought into their hands; and no margin is left at
+their command to cover any extraordinary expense which may arise.
+Nowhere, therefore, may our friends relax their efforts or diminish
+their recent gifts. Givers, collectors, ministers who plead, are
+still invited to uphold the hands of the Society, and to urge its
+claims. And if we look to extension, that extension which comes
+naturally to a prosperous field: still more to that extension for
+which the field untouched cries mightily day by day: how shall this
+enlargement of our operations be secured but by still augmented
+resources, by still higher consecration, still greater liberality,
+and more earnest prayer?
+
+The SOCIETY DESERVES such help from our Churches; its history, its
+sphere of usefulness, the spirit in which it is managed, the rich
+prosperity which the Lord has granted to its labours, all appeal in
+its name. THE FIELD DESERVES AND NEEDS IT. How little has been
+accomplished of the holy purpose which Missions have in view.
+Compared with the millions unevangelized, the converts gained are
+numerically nothing. Indeed, the sphere of our labour has continued
+ever to grow wider, and every answer of God's providence to the
+Church's gifts and prayers and self-denial has been to extend its
+power to be useful and give it much more to do.
+
+And does not the LORD CLAIM from us this larger service? He has shown
+the need of the heathen world more clearly, and made the argument
+for instructing it unanswerable.
+
+We have prospects for the future to which the gains of the past are
+poor. With our skilled agencies, all shaped by experience, with plans
+well-tried, with our versions and our literatures in every tongue,
+with China opened widely in answer to prayer, with India deeply moved,
+with Africa free, with Polynesia raised and civilized, with
+Madagascar purified by fire--what tokens have we of manifest
+blessing, of approval, and of divine help! The old systems have
+fallen, or are paralysed, or are trembling with fear; and the young
+life of the world is drawing towards freedom and truth. Our results
+are incomplete; they are but an earnest of successes yet to be
+gathered; and the full reward will be reaped more truly as the years
+go by. But how noble that reward will be!
+
+A pleasant custom prevails in India which will illustrate our
+position. At all the military stations of the Empire, the troops are
+summoned to parade in the early morning by the firing of a gun. The
+night may still be dark; the restless sleeper may fancy it will yet
+be long. But suddenly amid the stillness loud and clear booms out
+the morning gun. The stars are still shining, and the landscape is
+wrapped in gloom. But THE DAWN IS NEAR; and soon every eye is open,
+every foot astir, and the busy, waking life of men again begins. The
+fleecy clouds that hang on the eastern horizon grow ruddy with gold;
+and the arrowy light shoots its bright rays athwart the clear blue
+sky. The dust and foulness which the night has hidden stand revealed.
+But in the forests and hills the pulses of nature beat fresh and full;
+the leopard and the tiger slink away; the gay flowers open; the birds
+flit to and fro, and with woodland music welcome the rising day. In
+the city all forms of life quicken into active exercise. The trader
+sits ready on his stall; the judge is on the bench; the physician
+allays pain; the mother tends her child. The claims of human duty
+come again into full force; benevolence is active; suffering and
+disappointment, forgotten in sleep, press with new weight on weary
+hearts. What a mighty change one hour has made!
+
+Long has the night of heathenism and of wickedness ruled over the
+world. "Darkness has covered the earth, and gross darkness the
+people." But the gun has fired and "THE MORNING COMETH." The nations
+once wrapped in gloom are waking to life and truth. Divine light is
+quickening all the pulses of human thought; the heart beats more
+warmly; the eye looks upward, and the great world is drawing nearer
+to its Father. The Gentiles are coming to the light, and kings to
+the brightness of His rising. And when at length the Sun of
+Righteousness shall rise in power, His new creation, "with verdure
+clad, with beauty, vigour, grace adorned," shall give Him loving
+welcome; and He shall shine, to set no more, on "the new heavens and
+new earth, wherein dwelleth righteousness."
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+
+Extension of our Missions.
+
+One valuable result has followed the recent revision of the Society's
+missions, which was scarcely expected when that revision began. The
+Directors already find themselves able to contemplate an extension
+of our missions into new localities long crying out for aid. They
+are moving in the following direction:--
+
+For several years past the SOUTH SEA MISSION has taken up but a small
+quantity of new ground. Small groups like the Ellice group, the
+Lagoon Islands, and the Tuamotus, with a few hundred people, have
+been instructed. But since Niue and the Loyalty group were
+evangelised, nearly twenty years ago, not a single large island has
+been occupied. Meanwhile the Theological Institutions have been
+training native students in considerable numbers, and many are now
+ready for evangelistic work. The Directors therefore are anxious to
+commence such work in new localities without delay; and they have
+arranged that, during her next year's voyage, the _John Williams_
+shall visit the large islands of the northern New Hebrides, together
+with the Kingsmill and other groups, in order to establish new
+missions among the thousands of heathen which they contain. The
+Directors hope that not less than thirty competent and devoted native
+evangelists will go forth on this expedition. In due time English
+missionaries will follow: and three of our valued brethren on the
+spot have already volunteered for the service. In Eastern Polynesia
+the brethren in Tahiti and the Leeward Islands will complete on
+system the efforts which they have recently commenced in the Tuamotu
+or Pearl Islands. For this desired extension funds have been already
+provided or offered by two of the Society's warm friends.
+
+The Mission towards CENTRAL AFRICA suggested by Mr. Moffat and Dr.
+Livingstone, was zealously commenced eleven years ago. Successfully
+established, notwithstanding many disasters, it has continued to
+hold its ground. When their revision commenced, the Directors
+proposed at once to strengthen this important mission. Several new
+stations have been named by the missionaries which the Directors hope
+in due time to occupy. During the last two years three new
+missionaries have been added to the former staff of labourers, and
+two others will join them next summer. The missionaries north of the
+Orange River will then be thirteen in number, of whom nine will be
+engaged in direct missionary work. This increase, required by our
+duty to the tribes waiting on our instructions, is entirely dependent
+upon the Society's general funds.
+
+Many years ago the MONGOLIAN MISSION, which had been carried on by
+our honoured brethren, Messrs. Swan and Stallybrass, near the
+Siberian edge of the Tartar deserts and among the Buriat Mongols,
+was broken up by the Russian Government, and our brethren were
+withdrawn. The Directors have not forgotten that mission, nor lost
+their interest in the Mongol tribes. Recent enquiries have shown that
+the effort may be renewed with excellent prospects, on the China side
+of Mongolia, and that the city of Peking will form a suitable base
+of operations. Among their present missionary students the Directors
+believe that they have found a suitable man; and he will proceed in
+the spring to Peking to take up his new position. The funds necessary
+at the outset have already been provided in the generous gift of Mrs.
+Swan.
+
+Generally in INDIA and CHINA the Directors have been enlarging their
+operations by the completion and filling in of existing agencies.
+New chapels at Tientsin; a chapel and dwelling house in Wu-chang;
+two houses in Canton; a school and dwelling in Almorah; a house at
+the newly-founded station of Ranee Khet; a new High School in
+Benares; a medical missionary in Singrowli; an additional house in
+Calcutta; additional missionaries in South India and Travancore; all
+have been asked for: and the greatness of the requirements bears
+testimony to the importance of the sphere and of the opportunities
+which are open to the Society in these Eastern Empires. Several of
+the buildings have already been provided or have been sanctioned:
+others are under consideration. But any solid extension of these two
+great missions must for the present be deferred.
+
+The needs of MADAGASCAR cannot be overlooked. The call of God's
+providence and grace is so clear that the Directors have not
+hesitated to arrange for a decided increase of the English staff.
+Five ordained missionaries will proceed to the Island early in the
+coming summer; and one, if not two, medical missionaries. The
+Betsileo province has long waited for help, and it is proposed to
+place, if possible, four ordained missionaries and one medical man
+amongst its important and populous towns. The mere sending of these
+brethren will cost a sum of 1,500 pounds; their maintenance will
+require 2,000 pounds a-year. The Directors however cannot hesitate
+to offer this aid to the churches and people among whom the Spirit
+of God is so powerfully at work: and they do it in the faith that
+the Lord to whose call they listen will prompt his people to provide
+the means by which the brethren shall be sustained. They have had
+great difficulty in finding suitable medical missionaries, and they
+ask their friends to make it a matter of earnest prayer that the
+Spirit of God will touch the hearts of the right men to offer their
+service to His cause.
+
+The Directors adopt these moderate measures for the extension of the
+Society's usefulness in hope. From every quarter they continue to
+receive gratifying proofs of the increased interest taken in their
+work. The attendance at the autumn gatherings of country auxiliaries
+has been large, and the spirit that has been displayed was generous
+and earnest. At Birmingham and Bristol; at Hastings and Halifax; at
+York and Leeds this spirit was specially manifest: the Bristol
+meetings, always warm and earnest, were this year enthusiastic. And
+everywhere the missionary brethren testify to the kindly manner in
+which they are received and heard.
+
+God is giving us the means of usefulness. He is also bringing a steady
+supply of suitable men. But the fields are "white unto the harvest,"
+and we must pray the Lord of the harvest to send more labourers to
+reap in his name. To extend our work larger means are required; and
+the friends of the Society will see that all additions to the present
+income will be available for the extension so desirable. Never were
+the exhortation and prediction more applicable: "Enlarge the place
+of thy tent, and let them stretch forth the curtains of thine
+habitations; SPARE NOT, lengthen thy cords, and strengthen thy
+stakes." "And their seed shall be known among the Gentiles, and their
+offspring among the people: all that see them shall acknowledge them,
+THAT THEY ARE THE SEED WHICH THE LORD HATH BLESSED."
+
+BLOMFIELD STREET, FINSBURY.
+_November, 1869_.
+
+YATES AND ALEXANDER, PRINTERS, SYMONDS INN, CHANCERY LANE.
+
+
+
+
+
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