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diff --git a/17042-8.txt b/17042-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f35ce51 --- /dev/null +++ b/17042-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1246 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Illustration Of The Method Of Recording +Indian Languages, by J.O. Dorsey, A.S. Gatschet, and S.R. Riggs + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Illustration Of The Method Of Recording Indian Languages + From the First Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, + Smithsonian Institution + +Author: J.O. Dorsey, A.S. Gatschet, and S.R. Riggs + +Release Date: November 11, 2005 [EBook #17042] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INDIAN LANGUAGE *** + + + + +Produced by Carlo Traverso, William Flis, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + +Transcriber's note: The following symbols are used to represent +special characters: + [n] = raised (superscript) "n" + [t] = turned (inverted) "t" + [k] = turned "k" + [K] = turned "K" + [T] = turned "T" + [k=] = "k" with inferior macron + [k.] = "k" with inferior dot + [=x] = any letter "x" with superior macron + [)x] = any letter "x" with superior breve + [/x] = any letter "x" with acute accent + [.x] = any letter "x" with superior dot + [/c.] = "c" with acute accent and inferior dot + [ng] = lower-case "eng" character + [x] = Greek letter chi + ['] = single (curly) closing quote + + + * * * * * + +SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION--BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. + +J.W. POWELL, DIRECTOR. + + * * * * * + +ILLUSTRATION OF THE METHOD + +OF + +RECORDING INDIAN LANGUAGES. + + * * * * * + +FROM THE MANUSCRIPTS OF MESSRS. J.O. DORSEY, A.S. GATSCHET, AND S.R. +RIGGS. + + * * * * * + + + + +ILLUSTRATION OF THE METHOD OF RECORDING INDIAN LANGUAGES. + + +HOW THE RABBIT CAUGHT THE SUN IN A TRAP. + +AN OMAHA MYTH, OBTAINED FROM F. LAFLÈCHE BY J. OWEN DORSEY. + +Egi¢e |mactciñ'ge| aká | i[k]a[n]' | ¢iñké |ená-qtci|[t]ig¢e| júgig¢á-biamá. +It came| rabbit | the | his |the st.| only | dwelt |with his| they +to pass| | sub.|grandmother| ob. | | | own,| say. + +K[)i]|ha[n]'ega[n]tc[)e]'-qtci-hna[n]'|`ábae | ahí-biamá. | + And | morning very habit- |hunting|went thither| + | ually | | they say. | + + |Ha[n]ega[n]tc[)e]'-qtci| a¢á-bi + | morning very|went, they + | | say + +ct[)e]wa[n]'|níkaci[n]ga|wi[n]'| sí |sned[)e]'-qti-hna[n]|síg¢e|a¢á-bitéamá.| + notwith- | person | one |foot| long very as a |trail| had gone, + standing rule they say. + + |K[)i]| íbaha[n] 3 + | And | to know + him + +ga[n]¢á-biamá.|Níaci[n]ga|¢i[n]' |[)i][n]'ta[n]|wíta[n]¢i[n]|b¢é | tá | miñke,| + wished | Person |the mv.| now | I-first |I go|will| I who,| + they say. ob. + + | e¢éga[n]-biamá. + |thought they say. + +Ha[n]'ega[n]c[)e]'-qtci|páha[n]-bi|ega[n]'|a¢á-biamá.|C[)i]|égi¢e |níkaci[n]ga| + Morning very| arose |having |went they |Again| it | person | + they say say. happened + + | amá + |the mv. sub. + +síg¢e|a¢á-bitéamá.| Égi¢e | akí-biamá. | Gá-biamá: |[k]a[n]há,| +trail| had gone, |It came| he reached |Said as follows,| grand- | + they say. to pass home they say. they say: mother, + + |wíta[n]¢i[n]|b¢é 6 + | I-first |I go + +a[k]ídaxe |ct[)e]wa[n]'|níkaci[n]ga |wí[n]'| a[n]'aqai |a¢aí te a[n]'.| + I make | in spite | person | one | getting | he has gone. | +for myself of it ahead of me + + |[K]a[n]há,| u[k]ía[n]¢e + | Grand- | snare + mother + +dáxe| tá |minke,|k[)i]|b¢íze | tá |miñke|h[)a].|Áta[n]|ja[n]'|tada[n]',|á-biamá + I |will|I who,| and |I take|will|I who| . | Why | you | should? | said, +make| him do it they say + it + +wa`újiñga|aka.|Níaci[n]ga| i¢át'ab¢é|h[)a],|á-biamá.|K[)i]|mactciñ'ge|a¢á- 9 +old woman|the | Person |I hate him| . | said, | And | rabbit |went + sub. they say. + +biamá.| A¢á-bi |[k][)i]|c[)i]|síg¢e|¢étéamá. |[K][)i]|ha[n]'|t[)e]| i¢ápe | + they |Went they| when |again|trail|had gone.| And |night | the |waiting| + say. say for + + |ja[n]'-biamá. + |lay they say. + +Man'd[)e]-[k]a[n]|¢a[n]|ukínacke|gaxá-biamá,|k[)i]|síg¢e| ¢é-hna[n]|t[)e]| + bow string | the | noose |he made it | and |trail| went | the | + ob. they say, habitually + + |[)e]'di|i¢a[n]'¢a- + | there | he put it + +biamá.| Égi¢e |ha[n]'+ega[n]-tc[)e]'-qtci|u[k]ía[n]¢e|¢a[n]| gi[t]a[n]'be| + they |It came| morning very| snare | the | to see | + say. to pass ob. his own + + |ahí-biamá.| Égi¢e 12 + | arrived |It came + they say. to pass + +mi[n]'| ¢a[n] |¢izé | akáma. |Ta[n]'¢i[n]-qtci| u¢á | ag¢á-biamá. | + sun |the cv.|taken| he had,| Running very|to tell|went homeward,| + ob. they say. they say. + + |[K]a[n]há|[)i]ndáda[n] + | Grand- | what + mother. + +éi[n]te| b¢íze |édega[n]|a[n]'baaze-hna[n]'|h[)a],| á-biamá.|[K]a[n]há,| +it may |I took | but | me it habitually| . |said they| Grand- | + be scared say. mother, + + |man'de-[k]a[n]| ¢a[n] + | bow string |the ob. + +ag¢íze |ka[n]bdédega[n]|a[n]'baaze-hna[n]'i|h[)a],| á-biamá.|Máhi[n]| +I took | I wished, but | me it habitually| . |said they| Knife | +my own scared say. + + |a¢i[n]'-bi|ega[n]' 15 + | had they | having + say + +[)e]'di|a¢á-biamá.|K[)i]|eca[n]'-qtci|ahí-biamá.|Píäj[)i]|ckáxe.|Eáta[n]|éga[n] + there |went, they| And |near very| arrived | Bad | you | Why | so + say. they say. did. + +ckáxe|[)a].|[)E]'di|gí-ada[n]'|i[n]¢ická-g[)a]|h[)a],| á-biamá |mi[n]'|aká.| + you | ? |Hither | come and |for me untie it| , |said, they| sun |the | + did say sub. + + |Mactciñ'ge + | Rabbit + +aká |[)e]'di| a¢á-bi |ct[)e]wa[n]'|na[n]'pa-bi|ega[n]'| hébe | íhe | +the | there | went | notwith- |feared they| having|partly|passed| +sub. they say standing say by + + |a¢é-hna[n]'-biamá.|K[)i] 3 + | went habitually | And + they say. + +[k]u`[)e]'| a¢á-bi |ega[n]'| mása-biamá |man'd[)e]-[k]a[n]|¢a[n]'.|Gañ'ki| + rushed |went they|having |cut with they| bow string | the | And | + say a knife say ob. + + |mi[n]'| ¢a[n] |ma[n]'- + | sun |the cv.| on + ob. + +ciáha|áiá¢a-biamá.|K[)i]|mactciñ'ge|aká | ábá[k]u |hi[n]'|¢a[n]| názi-biamá +high |had they | And | Rabbit |the | space bet. | hair | the | burnt they + gone, say. sub. the shoulders ob. yellow say + + ánakadá-bi|ega[n]'.|(Mactciñ'ge|amá| akí-biamá.) |[)I]tcitci+,|[k]a[n]há, 6 +it was hot | having.| (Rabbit |the|reached home,| Itcitci+!! | grand- +on it, they mv. they say.) mother, + say sub. + + ánakadá-bi |ega[n]'.|(Mactciñ'ge| amá | akí-biamà.) |[)I]tcitci+,| +it was hot on| having.| (Rabbit |the mv.|reached home,| Itcitci+!! | +it, they say sub. they say.) + + |[k]a[n]há, 6 + | grand- + mother, + +ná¢iñg[)e]-qti-ma[n]'|h[)a],| á-biamá.|[T]úcpa¢a[n]+,| +burnt to very I am | -- |said, they| Grandchild!! | + nothing say.\ + + | i[n]'na¢iñg[)e]'-qti-ma[n]'|eska[n]'+, + |burnt to nothing very I am | I think, + for me + + á-biamá. |Ceta[n]'. +said, they say.| So far. + + +NOTES. + +581, 1. Mactciñge, the Rabbit, or Si¢e-maka[n] (meaning uncertain), is +the hero of numerous myths of several tribes. He is the deliverer of +mankind from different tyrants. One of his opponents is Ictinike, the +maker of this world, according to the Iowas. The Rabbit's grandmother +is Mother Earth, who calls mankind her children. + +581, 7. a¢ai te a[n]. The conclusion of this sentence seems odd to the +collector, but its translation given with this myth is that furnished +by the Indian informant. + +581, 12. ha[n]+ega[n]tc[)e]-qtci, "ve--ry early in the morning." The +prolongation of the first syllable adds to the force of the adverb +"qtci," _very_. + +582, 3. hebe ihe a¢e-hna[n]-biama. The Rabbit tried to obey the Sun; +but each time that he attempted it, he was so much afraid of him that +he passed by a little to one side. He could not go directly to him. + +582, 4. 5. ma[n]ciaha aia¢a-biama. When the Rabbit rushed forward with +bowed head, and cut the bow-string, the Sun's departure was so rapid +that "he had _already_ gone on high." + + +ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS MYTH. + + cv. curvilinear. + mv. moving. + st. sitting. + sub. subject. + ob. object. + + +TRANSLATION. + +Once upon a time the Rabbit dwelt in a lodge with no one but his +grandmother. And it was his custom to go hunting very early in the +morning. No matter how early in the morning he went, a person with +very long feet had been along, leaving a trail. And he (the Rabbit), +wished to know him. "Now," thought he, "I will go in advance of the +person." Having arisen very early in the morning, he departed. Again +it happened that the person had been along, leaving a trail. Then he +(the Rabbit) went home. Said he, "Grandmother, though I arrange for +myself to go first, a person anticipates me (every time). Grandmother, +I will make a snare and catch him." "Why should you do it?" said she. +"I hate the person," he said. And the Rabbit departed. When he went, +the foot-prints had been along again. And he lay waiting for night (to +come). And he made a noose of a bow-string, putting it in the place +where the foot-prints used to be seen. And he reached there very early +in the morning for the purpose of looking at his trap. And it happened +that he had caught the Sun. Running very fast, he went homeward to +tell it. "Grandmother, I have caught something or other, but it +scares me. Grandmother, I wished to take my bow-string, but I was +scared every time," said he. He went thither with a knife. And he got +very near it. "You have done wrong; why have you done so? Come hither +and untie me," said the Sun. The Rabbit, although he went thither, was +afraid, and kept on passing partly by him (or, continued going by a +little to one side). And making a rush, with his head bent down (and +his arm stretched out), he cut the bow-string with the knife. And the +Sun had already gone on high. And the Rabbit had the hair between his +shoulders scorched yellow, it having been hot upon him (as he stooped +to cut the bow-string). (And the Rabbit arrived at home.) "Itcitci+!! +O grandmother, the heat has left nothing of me," said he. She said, +"Oh! my grandchild! I think that the heat has left nothing of him for +me." (From that time the rabbit has had a singed spot on his back, +between the shoulders.) + + * * * * * + + + + +DETAILS OF A CONJURER'S PRACTICE. + +IN THE KLAMATH LAKE DIALECT. OBTAINED FROM MINNIE FROBEN, BY A.S. +GATSCHET. + +Má[k=]laks|shuákiuk|kíuksash|[k=]á-i|gû'l[']hi|húnk[)e]lam|ládshashtat,|ndéna + Indians |in call-| the | not | enter | his | into lodge,| they + ing conjurer halloo + +sha'hmóknok; | kíush toks |wán| kiukáyank |mû'luash|m[']na| kaníta| pî'sh. +to call (him)|the conjurer|red|hanging out| as sign| his |outside|"of him." + out; fox on a pole + +Kukíaks |tchû'tanish|gátp[']nank|wigáta|tchél[x]a|m[=a]'shipksh.|Lútatkish 3 +Conjurers|when treat-|approaching|close | sit down| the patient. | The + ing by expounder + + wigáta |kíuksh[)e]sh|tcha[']hlánshna.|Shuyéga | kíuks, |wéwanuish +close to|the conjurer| sits down. | Starts |the conjurer,| females + choruses + +tch[=i]k|winóta |liukiámnank| nadsh[=a]'shak |tchûtchtníshash.| Hánshna + then |join in| crowding | simultaneously |while he treats |He sucks + singing around him (the sick). + +m[=a]'shish|hû'nk |hishuákshash,| tátktish | î'shkuk, | hantchípka |tc[=i]'k + diseased | that | man, |the disease|to extract,|he sucks out| then + +kukuága,|wishinkága,|mû'lkaga,|[k=]á[k=]o|gî'ntak,| káhaktok |nánuktua +a small | small | small | bone | after- |whatsoever|anything + frog, snake, insect, wards, + +nshendshkáne.|Ts[']û'ks|toks| ké-usht|tchék[)e]le|ítkal; |lúlp|toks|m[=a]'- 3 + small. | A leg | | being | the (bad) | he |eyes|but | be- + fractured blood extracts; + + shisht |tchék[)e]litat|lgû'm|shû'k[)e]lank|[k=]î'tua|lû'lpat,|kû'tash|tchish +ing sore| into blood | coal| mixing | he pours|into the|a louse| too + eyes, + + kshéwa | lúlpat | pû'klash|tui[x]ámpgatk|ltúi[x]aktgi gíug. +introduces|into the|the white| protruding | for eating out. + eye of eye + +NOTES. + +583, 1. shuákia does not mean to "_call on somebody_" generally, but +only "_to call on the conjurer_ or medicine man". + +583, 2. wán stands for wánam n[=i]'l: the fur or skin of a red +or silver fox; kaníta pî'sh stands for kanítana látchash m'nálam: +"outside of his lodge or cabin". The meaning of the sentence is: they +raise their voices to call him out. Conjurers are in the habit of +fastening a fox-skin outside of their lodges, as a business sign, and +to let it dangle from a rod stuck out in an oblique direction. + +583, 3. tchél[x]a. During the treatment of a patient, who stays in +a winter house, the lodge is often shut up at the top, and the people +sit in a circle inside in utter darkness. + +583, 5. liukiámnank. The women and all who take a part in the chorus +usually sit in a circle around the conjurer and his assistant; the +suffix -mna indicates close proximity. Nadsh[=a]'shak qualifies the +verb winóta. + +583, 5. tchûtchtníshash. The distributive form of tchû't[']na refers +to each of the _various_ manipulations performed by the conjurer on +the patient. + +584, 1. m[=a]'shish, shortened from m[=a]shípkash, m[=a]'shipksh, like +[k=]'lä'ksh from k[']läkápkash. + +584, 2. 3. There is a stylistic incongruity in using the distributive +form, only in kukuàga (kúe, _frog_), káhaktok, and in nshendshkáne +(nshekáni, npshékani, tsékani, tchék[)e]ni, _small_), while inserting +the absolute form in wishinkága (wíshink, _garter-snake_) and in +[k=]á[k=]o; mû'lkaga is more of a generic term and its distributive +form is therefore not in use. + +583, 2. káhaktok for ká-akt ak; ká-akt being the transposed +distributive form kákat, of kát, which, what (pron. relat.). + +584, 4. lgû'm. The application of remedial _drugs_ is very unfrequent +in this tribe; and this is one of the reasons why the term "conjurer" +or "shaman" will prove to be a better name for the medicine man than +that of "Indian doctor". + +584, 4. kû'tash etc. The conjurer introduces a louse into the eye to +make it eat up the protruding white portion of the sore eye. + + + + +KÁLAK. + + +THE RELAPSE. + + +IN THE KLAMATH LAKE DIALECT BY DAVE HILL. OBTAINED BY A.S. GATSCHET. + + Hä | náyäns |hissuáksas|m[=a]'shitk| kálak, |tsúi| kíuks |nä'-ulakta|tchu- +When|another | man | fell sick | as |then| the | concludes| to + relapsed, conjurer + +tánuapkuk.|Tchúi|tchúta;|tchúi|yá-uks|huk |shläá|kálak a g[=e]k.| Tchi + treat | And | he | and |remedy|this|finds|(that) relapsed| Thus + (him). treats; out he. + +huk|shuî'sh |sápa.|Tsúi|n[=a]'sh|shu[=i]'sh|sáyuaks|hû'mtcha kálak,|tchúi 3 +the|song- |indi-| And| one | song- |having | (that) of the | then + remedy cates. remedy found kind of relapsed + out relapsed (he is), + +nánuk| hûk |shu[=i]'sh| tpä'wa |hû'nksht|kaltchitchíkshash|heshuamp[)e]lítki + all |those| remedies |indicate| (that) |the spider | would + him (-remedy) + +gíug. | Tchúi| hû'k|káltchitchiks| yá-uka;| ubá-us | hûk |káltchitchiksam +cure. | Then | the | spider | treats |a piece of| | of the spider + him; deer-skin + +tchut[)e]n[=o]'tkish.|Tsúi| húkantka|ubá-ustka|tchutá;|tätáktak | huk 6 +(is) the curing-tool.|Then| by means|deer-skin| he |just the | that + of that treats |size of + (him); the spot + + kálak |m[=a]'sha,| gä'tak| ubá-ush|ktû'shka| tä'tak |huk|m[=a]'sha.|Tsúi|hûk +relapse| is |so much|of deer-| he cuts|as where| he| is |Then| + infected, skin out suffering. + +káltchitchiks| siunóta |nä'ds[k=]ank| hû'nk| ubá-nsh. |Tchû'yuk| p'laíta +the "spider" |is started| while | that |skin piece.| And he | over it + song applying + + nétatka | skútash, |tsúi | sha|hû'nk|udû'pka| hänä'shishtka,| tsúi |hû'k 9 + he |a blanket,| and |they| it | strike|with conjurer's| then | it +stretches arrows, + +gutä'ga|tsulä'kshtat;|gä'tsa| lû'pí |kiatéga,|tsúi|tsul[=e]'ks|[k=]'läká,|tchúi +enters | into the |a par-|firstly| enters,|then| (it) body | becomes, | and + body; ticle + +at |pushpúshuk|shl[=e]'sh | hûk |ubá-ush.|Tsúi|m[=a]'ns|tánk[)e]ni ak|waítash +now| dark it |to look at | that|skin- |Then| after |after so and | days + piece. a while so many + +hû'k|pûshpúshli at|m[=a]'ns=gîtk|tsulä'ks=sitk|shlä'sh.| Tsí|ní|sáyuakta; 12 +that|black (thing)| at last | (is) flesh- |to look |Thus|I | am + like at. informed; + +túmi |hû'nk| sháyuakta | hû'masht=gîsht | tchut[=i]'sht;| tsúyuk | tsúshni +many | | know | (that) in | were effected | and he | always + men this manner cures; then + + wä'mp[)e]le. +was well again. + + +NOTES. + +585, 1. náyäns hissuáksas: another man than the conjurers of the +tribe. The objective case shows that m[=a]'shitk has to be regarded +here as the participle of an impersonal verb: m[=a]'sha nûsh, and +m[=a]'sha nû, it ails me, I am sick. + +585, 2. yá-uks is remedy in general, spiritual as well as material. +Here a tamánuash song is meant by it, which, when sung by the +conjurer, will furnish him the certainty if his patient is a relapse +or not. There are several of these medicine-songs, but all of them +(nánuk hû'k shu[=i]'sh) when consulted point out the spider-medicine +as the one to apply in this case. The spider's curing-instrument is +that small piece of buckskin (ubá-ush) which has to be inserted under +the patient's skin. It is called the spider's medicine because the +spider-song is sung during its application. + +585, 10. gutä'ga. The whole operation is concealed from the eyes of +spectators by a skin or blanket stretched over the patient and the +hands of the operator. + +585, 10. kiatéga. The buckskin piece has an oblong or longitudinal +shape in most instances, and it is passed under the skin sideways and +very gradually. + +585, 11. tánk[)e]ni ak waítash. Dave Hill gave as an approximate limit +five days' time. + + * * * * * + + + +SWEAT-LODGES. + + +IN THE KLAMATH LAKE DIALECT BY MINNIE FROBEN. OBTAINED BY A.S. +GATSCHET. + +É-ukshkni| lápa |spû'klish|gítko.|[K=]ú[k=]iuk |[k=][)e]lekapkash|spû'klishla +The lake | two | sweat- |have. |To weep over | the deceased |they build + people (kinds lodges sweat-lodges + of) + +yépank | käíla; | stutílantko| spû'klish, | käíla|waltchátko.|Spû'klish a +digging|the ground;| are roofed | (these) | with | covered. | (Another) + up sweat-lodges earth sweat-lodge + +sha |shû'ta | kué-utch, |kítchikan[']sh|stinága=shítko;|skû'tash a|wáldsha 3 +they| build |of willows,| a little | cabin looking | blankets | they + like spread + + spû'klishtat |tataták s[)e]|spukliá.|Tátataks a hû'nk| wéas |lúla,|tatátaks + over the | when in it | sweat. | Whenever |children|died,| or when +sweating-lodge they + +a híshuaksh|tchím[)e]na,|snáwedsh|wénuitk,|[k=]û'[k=]i|[k=][)e]lekátko,| + a husband | became |(or) the| (is) | they weep | for cause | + widower, wife |widowed, of death + + |spû'klitcha + |go sweating + +túmi |shashámoks=lólatko;|túnepni|waítash|tchík| sa |hû'uk|spû'klia. 6 +many | relatives who | five | days | then|they| | sweat. + have lost + +Shiúlakiank a| sha| ktái | húyuka |skoilakuápkuk;|hútoks| ktái |[k=]á-i tatá + Gathering |they|stones| (they) | to heap them | those|stones| never + heat (them) up (after use); + +spukliû't[']hu[=i]sh.|Spúklish|lúp[)i]a| húyuka; |[k=]élpka a| át, | + having been used | Sweat |in front|they heat| heated |when,| + for sweating lodge of (them); (being) + + | ílhiat |átui, + | they bring | at + (them) inside|once, + +[k=]ídshna ai| î | ámbu,|kliulála.|Spû'kli|a sha|túm[)e]ni|"hours";| + pour | on |water,|sprinkle.| Sweat |then | several | hours; | + them they + + |[k=]élpkuk 9 + |being quite + warmed up + +géka |shualkóltchuk |péniak|[k=][=o]'[k=]s|pépe-udshak|éwagatat,| +they |(and) to cool |with- | dress |only to go | in a | +leave|themselves off| out bathing spring, + + |[k=]ó[k=]etat,|é-ush + | river, | lake + +wigáta.|Spukli-uápka|m[=a]'ntch.| Shpótuok | i-akéwa | kápka, |skû'tawia +close | They will | for long |To make them-|they bend| young |(they) tie + by. sweat hours. selves strong down pinetrees together + +sha | wéwakag | knû'kstga.| Ndshiétchatka | knû'ks a|sha |shúshata. 12 +they| small |with ropes.|Of (willow-)bark|the ropes|they| make. + brushwood + +Gátpamp[)e]lank| shkoshkî'l[x]a|ktáktiag| hû'shkankok |[k=][)e]lekápkash,| + On going home | they heap up | small |in remembrance| of the dead, | + into cairns stones + + | ktá-i + |stones + +shúshuankaptcha | î'hiank. + of equal size | selecting. + + +NOTES. + +No Klamath or Modoc sweat-lodge can be properly called a +sweat-_house_, as is the custom throughout the West. One kind of these +lodges, intended for the use of mourners only, are solid structures, +almost underground; three of them are now in existence, all believed +to be the gift of the principal national deity. Sudatories of the +other kind are found near every Indian lodge, and consist of a few +willow-rods stuck into the ground, both ends being bent over. The +process gone through while sweating is the same in both kinds of +lodges, with the only difference as to time. The ceremonies mentioned +4-13. all refer to sweating in the mourners' sweat-lodges. The +sudatories of the Oregonians have no analogy with the _estufas_ of +the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico, as far as their construction is +concerned. + +586, 1. lápa spû'klish, two sweat-lodges, stands for two _kinds_ of +sweat-lodges. + +586, 5. shashámoks=lólatko forms _one_ compound word: one who, or: +those who have lost relatives by death; cf. ptísh=lûlsh, pgísh=lûlsh; +hishuákga ptísh=lúlatk, male orphan whose father has died. In the +same manner, [k=][)e]lekátko stands here as a participle referring +simultaneously to híshuaksh and to snáwedsh wénuitk, and can be +rendered by "_bereaved_". Shashámoks, distr. form of shá-amoks, +is often pronounced sheshámaks. Túmi etc. means, that many others +accompany to the sweat-lodge, into which about six persons can crowd +themselves, bereaved husbands, wives or parents, because the deceased +were related to them. + +586, 7. Shiúlakiank etc. For developing steam the natives collect +only such stones for heating as are neither too large nor too small; +a medium size seeming most appropriate for concentrating the largest +amount of heat. The old sweat-lodges are surrounded with large +accumulations of stones which, to judge from their blackened exterior, +have served the purpose of generating steam; they weigh not over 3 to +5 pounds in the average, and in the vicinity travelers discover many +small cairns, not over four feet high, and others lying in ruins. +The shrubbery around the sudatory is in many localities tied up with +willow wisps and ropes. + +586, 11. Spukli-uápka m[=a]'ntch means that the sweating-process is +repeated many times during the five days of observance; they sweat at +least twice a day. + + * * * * * + + + +A DOG'S REVENGE. + +A DAKOTA FABLE, BY MICHEL RENVILLE. OBTAINED BY REV. S.R. RIGGS. + +[/S]u[ng]ka|wa[ng];|[k.]a |waka[ng]ka |wa[ng]|wa[k.]i[ng]|wa[ng]| + Dog | a; | and | old-woman | a | pack | a | + + |ta[ng]ka| hnaka. |U[ng]kan + | large |laid away.| And + +[/s]u[ng]ka|[k.]o[ng]| he |sdonya.|U[ng]ka[ng]|wa[ng]na|ha[ng]yetu,| + dog | the |that| knew. | And | now | night, | + + |u[ng]ka[ng]|waka[ng]ka + | and | old-woman + +i[/s]tinman|ke[/c]i[ng]|[k.]a| en | ya: |tuka|waka[ng]ka|ki[ng]|sdonkiye| + asleep | he thought| and |there|went:| but| old woman| the | knew | + + |[/c.]a|kiktaha[ng] 3 + | and | awake + +wa[ng]ke,|[/c.]a| ite |hdaki[ng]ya[ng]| ape |[/c.]a|ki[/c]akse,|[/c.]a| + lay, | and |face | across |struck| and | gashed, | and | + + |nina| po, | keyapi. + |much|swelled,|they say. + +U[ng]ka[ng]|ha[ng][.h]a[ng]na|heha[ng]|[/s]u[ng]ka|toke[/c]a|wa[ng]| en | + And | morning | then | dog | another | a |there| + + | hi, |[k.]a| okiya | ya. + |came,| and |to-talk-with|went. + +Tuka|pamahdeda[ng]| ite| mahen| inina|ya[ng]ka.|U[ng]ka[ng]|taku| + But| head-down |face|within|silent| was. | And |what| + + |i[/c]ante|ni[/s]i[/c]a + | of-heart| you-bad + +heci[ng]ha[ng]|omakiyaka wo,| eya. |U[ng]ka[ng],|Inina |ya[ng]ka wo,| + if | me-tell, |he-said.| And, |still | be-you, | + + |waka[ng]ka 3 + | old-woman + +wa[ng]|te[.h]iya|omaki[.h]a[ng] do,| eya, | keyapi. |U[ng]ka[ng],| + a | hardly | me-dealt-with, |he-said,|they say.| And, | + + |Toke[ng]|ni[/c]i[.h]a[ng] he,| eya. + | How | to-thee-did-she, |he-said. + +U[ng]ka[ng],|Wa[k.]in| wa[ng]|ta[ng]ka| hnaka e |wa[ng]mdake|[/c.]a| + And, | Pack | a | large |she-laid-away| I-saw | and | + + | heo[ng] | otpa | awape: + |therefore|to-go-for|I waited: + +[.k]a|wa[ng]na|ha[ng]|teha[ng]|[.k]ehan,|i[/s]ti[ng]be|se[/c]a e| en | + and | now |night | far | then, | she-asleep | probably|there| + + | mde |[/c.]a| pa |timahe[ng] 6 + |I went| and |head| house-in + +yewaya, |u[ng]ka[ng]|kiktaha[ng]|wa[ng]ke| [/s]ta |he[/c]amo[ng]:|[.k]a,| +I-poked,| and | awake | lay |although| this-I-did: | and, | + + |[/S]i,| de |tukten + | shoo,|this| where + + yau he, | eye, |[/c.]a| itohna| amape, |[/c.]a|de[/c]en| +you-come,|she-said,| and |face-on|smote-me,| and | thus | + + |iyemaya[ng] ce,| eye |[/c.]a| kipazo. + | she-me-left |he-said| and |showed-him. + +U[ng]ka[ng],|Hu[ng]hu[ng]he!|te[.h]iya|e[/c]ani[/c]o[ng] do,|ihome[/c]a| + And, | Alas! alas! | hardly | she-did-to-you, |therefore | + + |wa[k.]i[ng]|ki[ng]|u[ng]tapi 9 + | pack | the | we-eat + +kta ce,|eye |[/c.]a,|Mni[/c]iya wo,|eya, |keyapi.|Ito,|Miniboza[ng]na| + will, |he- | and, | Assemble, | he- | they |Now,| Water-mist | + said said, say. + + |ki[/c]o wo, + | call, + +ka,|Yaksa|ta[ng]i[ng] [/s]ni|kico wo,|Tahu|wa[/s]aka|kico wo,|[.k]a,| +and| Bite| not manifest | call, |Neck| strong | invite,| and, | + off + + | Taisa[ng]pena + |His-knife-sharp + +kico wo,| eya, | keyapi. |U[ng]ka[ng]|owasi[ng]|wi[/c]aki[/c]o:|[k.]a| + call, |he-said,|they-say.| And | all |them-he-called:| and | + + |wa[ng]na|owasi[ng]| en 12 + | now | all |there + +hipi|heha[ng]| heya, | keyapi: | Ihopo, |waka[ng]ka| de |te[.h]iya| +came| then |this-he-said,|they-say:|Come-on,| old-woman|this| hardly | + + |e[/c]aki[/c]o[ng] [/c]e; + | dealt-with; + +minihei[/c.]iyapo,|ha[ng]yetu|hepiya|wa[/c]oni[/c]a|waki[ng]|wa[ng]| +bestir-yourselves,| night |during| dried-meat | pack | a | + + |te[.h]i[ng]da|[k.]a| on + | she-forbid | and | for + +te[.h]iya|e[/c]aki[/c]o[ng]|tuka,|ehae[/s]|untapi|kta [/c]e,| eya, | + hardly | dealt-with-him | but,| indeed |we eat|will |he-said,| + + | keyapi. 15 + |they say. + +U[ng]ka[ng]|Miniboza[ng]na|e[/c]iyapi|[k.]o[ng]| he |wa[ng]na| + Then | Water-mist | called | the |that| now | + + |ma[.g]a[/z]ukiye|[/c.]a,|a[ng]petu + | rain-made, | and, | day + + o[.s]a[ng]|ma[.g]a[/z]u|e[/c]en|otpaza;|[k.]a|wakeya|owasi[ng]| +all-through| rained | until | dark; | and | tent | all | + + | nina |spaya,|wihutipaspe + | very | wet, | tent-pin + +olidoka|owasi[ng]|ta[ng]ya[ng]|[.h]pan.|U[ng]ka[ng]|heha[ng]| + holes | all | well |soaked. | And | then | + + |Yaksa ta[ng]i[ng] [/s]ni| wihuti- 18 + | Bite-off-manifest-not | tent-fast- + +paspe |ki[ng]|owasi[ng]| yakse, |tuka |ta[ng]i[ng][/s]ni ya[ng]| +enings| the | all |bit-off,| but | slyly | + + | yakse |nakae[/s]|waka[ng]ka + |bit-off| so that | old-woman + +ki[ng]|sdonkiye|[/s]ni.|U[ng]ka[ng]|Tahuwa[/s]aka| he |wa[k.]i[ng]| + the | knew | not. | And | Neck-strong | he | pack | + + |[k.]o[ng]| yape |[/c.]a|mani[ng]-| + | the |seized,| and | away | + +kiya | yapa iyeya, |[k.]a|teha[ng]|e[.h]peya. |He[/c]en|Taisa[ng]pena| + off | holding-in- | and | far | threw-it. | So | His-knife- | + mouth-carried sharp + + |wa[k.]i[ng]|[k.]o[ng] 21 + | pack | the + +[/c]okaya |kiyaksa-iyeya.|He[/c]e[ng]|wa[k.]i[ng]|[k.]o[ng]|ha[ng]yetu| +in-middle | tore-it-open.| Hence | pack | the | night | + + |hepiyana| temya- + | during |they-ate- + +iyeyapi,| keyapi. +all-up, | they say. + +He[/c]en|tuwe|wamano[ng]| ke[/s], |sa[ng]pa|iwa[.h]a[ng]i[/c.]ida| +So that | who| steals |although,| more | haughty | + + |wamano[ng]|wa[ng]| hduze, 24 + | thief | a |marries, + + eyapi | e[/c]e; | de |hu[ng]kaka[ng]pi do. +they-say| always; | this | they-fable. + + +NOTES. + +588, 24. This word "hduze" means _to take_ or _hold one's own;_ +and is most commonly applied to a man's taking a wife, or a woman +a husband. Here it may mean either that one who starts in a wicked +course consorts with others "more wicked than himself," or that he +himself grows in the bad and takes hold of the greater forms of +evil--_marries_ himself to the wicked one. + +It will be noted from this specimen of Dakota that there are +some particles in the language which cannot be represented in a +translation. The "do" used at the end of phrases or sentences is +only for emphasis and to round up a period. It belongs mainly to the +language of young men. "Wo" and "po" are the signs of the imperative. + + +TRANSLATION. + +There was a dog; and there was an old woman who had a pack of dried +meat laid away. This the dog knew; and, when he supposed the old woman +was asleep, he went there at night. But the old woman was aware of his +coming and so kept watch, and, as the dog thrust his head under the +tent, she struck him across the face and made a great gash, which +swelled greatly. + +The next morning a companion dog came and attempted to talk with him. +But the dog was sullen and silent. The visitor said: "Tell me what +makes you so heart-sick." To which he replied: "Be still, an old woman +has treated me badly." "What did she do to you?" He answered: "An old +woman had a pack of dried meat; this I saw and went for it; and when +it was now far in the night, and I supposed she was asleep, I went +there and poked my head under the tent. But she was lying awake and +cried out: 'Shoo! what are you doing here?' and struck me on the head +and wounded me as you see." + +Whereupon the other dog said: "Alas! Alas! she has treated you +badly, verily we will eat up her pack of meat. Call an assembly: +call _Water-mist_ (i.e., rain); call _Bite-off-silently_; call +_Strong-neck_; call _Sharp-knife_." So he invited them all. And when +they had all arrived, he said: "Come on! an old woman has treated this +friend badly; bestir yourselves; before the night is past, the pack of +dried meat which she prizes so much, and on account of which she has +thus dealt with our friend, that we will eat all up". + +Then the one who is called _Rain-mist_ caused it to rain, and it +rained all the day through until dark; and the tent was all drenched, +and the holes of the tent-pins were thoroughly softened. Then +_Bite-off-silently_ bit off all the lower tent-fastenings, but +he did it so quietly that the old woman knew nothing of it. Then +_Strong-neck_ came and seized the pack with his mouth, and carried it +far away. Whereupon _Sharp-knife_ came and ripped the pack through the +middle; and so, while it was yet night, they ate up the old woman's +pack of dried meat. + +_Moral_.--A common thief becomes worse and worse by attaching himself +to more daring companions. This is the myth. + + +INDEX. + + Conjurers' practice 583 + Dog's revenge, a Dakota fable 587 + Omaha myth 581 + Revenge, A dog's; a Dakota fable 587 + Sweat lodges 586 + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Illustration Of The Method Of +Recording Indian Languages, by J.O. Dorsey, A.S. Gatschet, and S.R. 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