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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 04:50:12 -0700 |
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diff --git a/17042.txt b/17042.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b0a9709 --- /dev/null +++ b/17042.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1358 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Illustration Of The Method Of Recording +Indian Languages, by J.O. Dorsey, A.S. Gatschet, and S.R. Riggs + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Illustration Of The Method Of Recording Indian Languages + From the First Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, + Smithsonian Institution + +Author: J.O. Dorsey, A.S. Gatschet, and S.R. Riggs + +Release Date: November 11, 2005 [EBook #17042] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INDIAN LANGUAGE *** + + + + +Produced by Carlo Traverso, William Flis, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + +Transcriber's note: The following symbols are used to represent +special characters: + [n] = raised (superscript) "n" + [t] = turned (inverted) "t" + [k] = turned "k" + [K] = turned "K" + [T] = turned "T" + [k=] = "k" with inferior macron + [k.] = "k" with inferior dot + [=x] = any letter "x" with superior macron + [)x] = any letter "x" with superior breve + [/x] = any letter "x" with acute accent + [`x] = any letter "x" with grave accent + [~x] = any letter "x" with superior tilde + [^x] = any letter "x" with superior circumflex + [:x] = any letter "x" with superior diaeresis + [ng] = lower-case "eng" character + [x] = Greek letter chi + [c] = "c" with slash (cent sign) + ['] = single (curly) closing quote + + + * * * * * + +SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION--BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. + +J.W. POWELL, DIRECTOR. + + * * * * * + +ILLUSTRATION OF THE METHOD + +OF + +RECORDING INDIAN LANGUAGES. + + * * * * * + +FROM THE MANUSCRIPTS OF MESSRS. J.O. DORSEY, A.S. GATSCHET, AND S.R. +RIGGS. + + * * * * * + + + + +ILLUSTRATION OF THE METHOD OF RECORDING INDIAN LANGUAGES. + + +HOW THE RABBIT CAUGHT THE SUN IN A TRAP. + +AN OMAHA MYTH, OBTAINED FROM F. LAFLECHE BY J. OWEN DORSEY. + +Egi[c]e|mactci[~n]'ge|ak[/a]| i[k]a[n]' |[c]i[~n]k[/e]|en[/a]-qtci| +It came| rabbit | the | his | the st. | only | +to pass| | sub. |grandmother| ob. | | + + |[t]ig[c]e|j[/u]gig[c][/a]-biam[/a]. + | dwelt | with his| they + | | own,| say. + +K[)i]|ha[n]'ega[n]tc[)e]'-qtci-hna[n]'|`[/a]bae|ah[/i]-biam[/a].| + And | morning very habit- | hunting| went thither | + | ually | | they say. | + + |Ha[n]ega[n]tc[)e]'-qtci|a[c][/a]-bi + | morning very|went, they + | | say + +ct[)e]wa[n]'|n[/i]kaci[n]ga|wi[n]'|s[/i]|sned[)e]'-qti-hna[n]| + notwith- | person | one | foot| long very as a | + standing rule | + + |s[/i]g[c]e|a[c][/a]-bit[/e]am[/a].|K[)i]|[/i]baha[n] 3 + | trail | had gone, they say. | And | to know + | him + +ga[n][c][/a]-biam[/a].|N[/i]aci[n]ga| [c]i[n]' |[)i][n]'ta[n]| + wished they say.| Person |the mv. ob.| now | + + |w[/i]ta[n][c]i[n]|b[c][/e]|t[/a]|mi[~n]ke,|e[c][/e]ga[n]-biam[/a]. + | I-first | I go | will| I who, | thought they say. + +Ha[n]'ega[n]c[)e]'-qtci|p[/a]ha[n]-bi |ega[n]'|a[c][/a]-biam[/a].| + Morning very|arose they say|having | went they say.| + + |C[)i]|[/e]gi[c]e|n[/i]kaci[n]ga| am[/a] + |Again| it | person |the mv. + happened sub. + +s[/i]g[c]e|a[c][/a]-bit[/e]am[/a].|[/E]gi[c]e|ak[/i]-biam[/a].| + trail | had gone, they say. | It came | he reached | + to pass home they say. + + | G[/a]-biam[/a]:|[k]a[n]h[/a],|w[/i]ta[n][c]i[n]|b[c][/e] 6 + |Said as follows,| grand- | I-first | I go + they say: mother, + +a[k][/i]daxe|ct[)e]wa[n]'|n[/i]kaci[n]ga|w[/i][n]'| a[n]'aqai | + I make | in spite | person | one | getting | + for myself of it ahead of me + + |a[c]a[/i] te a[n]'.|[K]a[n]h[/a],|u[k][/i]a[n][c]e + | he has gone. | Grandmother | snare + +d[/a]xe|t[/a]|minke,|k[)i]|b[c][/i]ze|t[/a]|mi[~n]ke|h[)a].|[/A]ta[n]| + I make| will|I who,| and | I take | will| I who | . | Why | + it him + + |ja[n]'|tada[n]',|[/a]-biam[/a] + | you | should? | said, + do it they say + +wa`[/u]ji[~n]ga|aka.|N[/i]aci[n]ga|i[c][/a]t'ab[c][/e]|h[)a],| + old woman |the | Person | I hate him | . | + sub. + + |[/a]-biam[/a].|K[)i]|mactci[~n]'ge|a[c][/a]- 9 + | said, | And | rabbit | went + they say. + +biam[/a].|A[c][/a]-bi|[k][)i]|c[)i]|s[/i]g[c]e|[c][/e]t[/e]am[/a].| + they | Went they | when |again| trail | had gone. | + say. say + + |[K][)i]|ha[n]'|t[)e]|i[c][/a]pe|ja[n]'-biam[/a]. + | And |night | the | waiting | lay they say. + for + +Man'd[)e]-[k]a[n]|[c]a[n]|uk[/i]nacke|gax[/a]-biam[/a],|k[)i]|s[/i]g[c]e| + bow string | the | noose | he made it | and | trail | + ob. they say, + + |[c][/e]-hna[n]|t[)e]|[)e]'di|i[c]a[n]'[c]a- + | went | the | there | he put it + habitually + +biam[/a].|[/E]gi[c]e|ha[n]'+ega[n]-tc[)e]'-qtci|u[k][/i]a[n][c]e|[c]a[n]| +they say.| It came | morning very| snare | the | + to pass ob. + + |gi[t]a[n]'be|ah[/i]-biam[/a]. |[/E]gi[c]e 12 + | to see |arrived they say.| It came + his own to pass + +mi[n]'|[c]a[n]|[c]iz[/e]|ak[/a]ma.|Ta[n]'[c]i[n]-qtci|u[c][/a]| + sun |the cv.| taken | he had, | Running very| to tell| + ob. they say. + + |ag[c][/a]-biam[/a].|[K]a[n]h[/a]|[)i]nd[/a]da[n] + |went homeward, | Grand- | what + they say. mother. + +[/e]i[n]te|b[c][/i]ze|[/e]dega[n]|a[n]'baaze-hna[n]'|h[)a],| +it may be | I took | but | me it habitually| . | + scared + + |[/a]-biam[/a].|[K]a[n]h[/a],|man'de-[k]a[n]|[c]a[n] + | said they | Grand- | bow string | the + say. mother, ob. + +ag[c][/i]ze|ka[n]bd[/e]dega[n]|a[n]'baaze-hna[n]'i|h[)a],|[/a]-biam[/a].| + I took | I wished, but | me it habitually| . |said they say.| + my own scared + + |M[/a]hi[n]|a[c]i[n]'-bi|ega[n]' 15 + | Knife |had they say| having + +[)e]'di|a[c][/a]-biam[/a].|K[)i]|eca[n]'-qtci|ah[/i]-biam[/a].| + there | went, they say. | And | near very| arrived | + they say. + + |P[/i][:a]j[)i]|ck[/a]xe.|E[/a]ta[n]|[/e]ga[n] + | Bad |you did. | Why | so + +ck[/a]xe|[)a].|[)E]'di|g[/i]-ada[n]'|i[n][c]ick[/a]-g[)a]|h[)a],| + you did| ? |Hither | come and | for me untie it | , | + + |[/a]-biam[/a]|mi[n]'|ak[/a].|Mactci[~n]'ge + | said, they | sun | the | Rabbit + say sub. + +ak[/a]|[)e]'di|a[c][/a]-bi|ct[)e]wa[n]'|na[n]'pa-bi|ega[n]'|h[/e]be| + the | there | went | notwith- |feared they| having| partly| + sub. they say standing say + + |[/i]he|a[c][/e]-hna[n]'-biam[/a].|K[)i] 3 + |passed|went habitually they say.| And + by + +[k]u`[)e]'|a[c][/a]-bi|ega[n]'|m[/a]sa-biam[/a]|man'd[)e]-[k]a[n]| + rushed | went they |having | cut with they | bow string | + say a knife say + + |[c]a[n]'.|Ga[~n]'ki|mi[n]'|[c]a[n]|ma[n]'- + | the | And | sun |the cv.| on + ob. ob. + +ci[/a]ha|[/a]i[/a][c]a-biam[/a].|K[)i]|mactci[~n]'ge|ak[/a]| + high | had gone, they say. | And | Rabbit | the | + sub. + + |[/a]b[/a][k]u|hi[n]'|[c]a[n]|n[/a]zi-biam[/a] + | space bet. | hair | the | burnt they + the shoulders ob. yellow say + +[/a]nakad[/a]-bi|ega[n]'.|(Mactci[~n]'ge| am[/a]|ak[/i]-biam[/a].)| + it was hot on | having.| (Rabbit |the mv.| reached home, | + it, they say sub. they say.) + + |[)I]tcitci+,|[k]a[n]h[/a], 6 + | Itcitci+!! |grandmother, + +n[/a][c]i[~n]g[)e]-qti-ma[n]'|h[)a],|[/a]-biam[/a].|[T][/u]cpa[c]a[n]+,| +burnt to nothing very I am | -- | said, they | Grandchild!! | + say. + + |i[n]'na[c]i[~n]g[)e]'-qti-ma[n]'|eska[n]'+, + | burnt to nothing very I am | I think, + for me + + [/a]-biam[/a].|Ceta[n]'. +said, they say.| So far. + + +NOTES. + +581, 1. Mactci[~n]ge, the Rabbit, or Si[c]e-maka[n] (meaning uncertain), +is the hero of numerous myths of several tribes. He is the deliverer of +mankind from different tyrants. One of his opponents is Ictinike, the +maker of this world, according to the Iowas. The Rabbit's grandmother +is Mother Earth, who calls mankind her children. + +581, 7. a[c]ai te a[n]. The conclusion of this sentence seems odd to the +collector, but its translation given with this myth is that furnished +by the Indian informant. + +581, 12. ha[n]+ega[n]tc[)e]-qtci, "ve--ry early in the morning." The +prolongation of the first syllable adds to the force of the adverb +"qtci," _very_. + +582, 3. hebe ihe a[c]e-hna[n]-biama. The Rabbit tried to obey the Sun; +but each time that he attempted it, he was so much afraid of him that +he passed by a little to one side. He could not go directly to him. + +582, 4. 5. ma[n]ciaha aia[c]a-biama. When the Rabbit rushed forward with +bowed head, and cut the bow-string, the Sun's departure was so rapid +that "he had _already_ gone on high." + + +ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS MYTH. + + cv. curvilinear. + mv. moving. + st. sitting. + sub. subject. + ob. object. + + +TRANSLATION. + +Once upon a time the Rabbit dwelt in a lodge with no one but his +grandmother. And it was his custom to go hunting very early in the +morning. No matter how early in the morning he went, a person with +very long feet had been along, leaving a trail. And he (the Rabbit), +wished to know him. "Now," thought he, "I will go in advance of the +person." Having arisen very early in the morning, he departed. Again +it happened that the person had been along, leaving a trail. Then he +(the Rabbit) went home. Said he, "Grandmother, though I arrange for +myself to go first, a person anticipates me (every time). Grandmother, +I will make a snare and catch him." "Why should you do it?" said she. +"I hate the person," he said. And the Rabbit departed. When he went, +the foot-prints had been along again. And he lay waiting for night (to +come). And he made a noose of a bow-string, putting it in the place +where the foot-prints used to be seen. And he reached there very early +in the morning for the purpose of looking at his trap. And it happened +that he had caught the Sun. Running very fast, he went homeward to +tell it. "Grandmother, I have caught something or other, but it +scares me. Grandmother, I wished to take my bow-string, but I was +scared every time," said he. He went thither with a knife. And he got +very near it. "You have done wrong; why have you done so? Come hither +and untie me," said the Sun. The Rabbit, although he went thither, was +afraid, and kept on passing partly by him (or, continued going by a +little to one side). And making a rush, with his head bent down (and +his arm stretched out), he cut the bow-string with the knife. And the +Sun had already gone on high. And the Rabbit had the hair between his +shoulders scorched yellow, it having been hot upon him (as he stooped +to cut the bow-string). (And the Rabbit arrived at home.) "Itcitci+!! +O grandmother, the heat has left nothing of me," said he. She said, +"Oh! my grandchild! I think that the heat has left nothing of him for +me." (From that time the rabbit has had a singed spot on his back, +between the shoulders.) + + * * * * * + + + + +DETAILS OF A CONJURER'S PRACTICE. + +IN THE KLAMATH LAKE DIALECT. OBTAINED FROM MINNIE FROBEN, BY A.S. +GATSCHET. + +M[/a][k=]laks|shu[/a]kiuk|k[/i]uksash|[k=][/a]-i|g[^u]'l[']hi| + Indians |in calling | the | not | enter | + conjurer + + |h[/u]nk[)e]lam|l[/a]dshashtat,|nd[/e]na + | his | into lodge, | they + halloo + +sha'hm[/o]knok;|k[/i]ush toks|w[/a]n|kiuk[/a]yank|m[^u]'luash|m[']na| + to call (him) | the conjurer| red | hanging out| as sign | his | + out; fox on a pole + + |kan[/i]ta|p[^i]'sh. + | outside |"of him." + +Kuk[/i]aks|tch[^u]'tanish|g[/a]tp[']nank|wig[/a]ta|tch[/e]l[x]a| + Conjurers| when treating| approaching | close by| sit down | + + |m[=a]'shipksh.|L[/u]tatkish 3 + | the patient. |The expounder + +wig[/a]ta|k[/i]uksh[)e]sh|tcha[']hl[/a]nshna.|Shuy[/e]ga| + close to| the conjurer | sits down. | Starts | + choruses + + | k[/i]uks, |w[/e]wanuish + |the conjurer,| females + +tch[=i]k|win[/o]ta|liuki[/a]mnank| nadsh[=a]'shak | + then | join in | crowding | simultaneously | + singing around him + + |tch[^u]tchtn[/i]shash.|H[/a]nshna + | while he treats |He sucks + (the sick). + +m[=a]'shish|h[^u]'nk|hishu[/a]kshash,|t[/a]tktish|[^i]'shkuk,| + diseased | that | man, |the disease|to extract,| + + |hantch[/i]pka|tc[=i]'k + | he sucks out| then + +kuku[/a]ga,|wishink[/a]ga,|m[^u]'lkaga,|[k=][/a][k=]o|g[^i]'ntak,| + a small | small snake, | small | bone | after- | + frog, insect, wards, + + |k[/a]haktok|n[/a]nuktua + | whatsoever| anything + +nshendshk[/a]ne.|Ts['][^u]'ks|toks| k[/e]-usht|tch[/e]k[)e]le|[/i]tkal;| + small. | A leg | | being | the (bad) | he | + fractured blood extracts; + + |l[/u]lp|toks|m[=a]'- 3 + | eyes | but| be- + + shisht |tch[/e]k[)e]litat|lg[^u]'m|sh[^u]'k[)e]lank|[k=][^i]'tua| +ing sore| into blood | coal | mixing | he pours | + eyes, + + |l[^u]'lpat,|k[^u]'tash|tchish + | into the | a louse | too + + ksh[/e]wa|l[/u]lpat|p[^u]'klash|tui[x][/a]mpgatk|lt[/u]i[x]aktgi g[/i]ug. +introduces| into the| the white | protruding | for eating out. + eye of eye + +NOTES. + +583, 1. shu[/a]kia does not mean to "_call on somebody_" generally, but +only "_to call on the conjurer_ or medicine man". + +583, 2. w[/a]n stands for w[/a]nam n[=i]'l: the fur or skin of a red +or silver fox; kan[/i]ta p[^i]'sh stands for kan[/i]tana l[/a]tchash +m'n[/a]lam: "outside of his lodge or cabin". The meaning of the sentence +is: they raise their voices to call him out. Conjurers are in the habit of +fastening a fox-skin outside of their lodges, as a business sign, and +to let it dangle from a rod stuck out in an oblique direction. + +583, 3. tch[/e]l[x]a. During the treatment of a patient, who stays in +a winter house, the lodge is often shut up at the top, and the people +sit in a circle inside in utter darkness. + +583, 5. liuki[/a]mnank. The women and all who take a part in the chorus +usually sit in a circle around the conjurer and his assistant; the +suffix -mna indicates close proximity. Nadsh[=a]'shak qualifies the +verb win[/o]ta. + +583, 5. tch[^u]tchtn[/i]shash. The distributive form of tch[^u]'t[']na refers +to each of the _various_ manipulations performed by the conjurer on +the patient. + +584, 1. m[=a]'shish, shortened from m[=a]sh[/i]pkash, m[=a]'shipksh, like +[k=]'l[:a]'ksh from k[']l[:a]k[/a]pkash. + +584, 2. 3. There is a stylistic incongruity in using the distributive +form, only in kuku[`a]ga (k[/u]e, _frog_), k[/a]haktok, and in nshendshk[/a]ne +(nshek[/a]ni, npsh[/e]kani, ts[/e]kani, tch[/e]k[)e]ni, _small_), while +inserting the absolute form in wishink[/a]ga (w[/i]shink, _garter-snake_) and +in [k=][/a][k=]o; m[^u]'lkaga is more of a generic term and its distributive +form is therefore not in use. + +583, 2. k[/a]haktok for k[/a]-akt ak; k[/a]-akt being the transposed +distributive form k[/a]kat, of k[/a]t, which, what (pron. relat.). + +584, 4. lg[^u]'m. The application of remedial _drugs_ is very unfrequent +in this tribe; and this is one of the reasons why the term "conjurer" +or "shaman" will prove to be a better name for the medicine man than +that of "Indian doctor". + +584, 4. k[^u]'tash etc. The conjurer introduces a louse into the eye to +make it eat up the protruding white portion of the sore eye. + + + + +K[/A]LAK. + + +THE RELAPSE. + + +IN THE KLAMATH LAKE DIALECT BY DAVE HILL. OBTAINED BY A.S. GATSCHET. + +H[:a]|n[/a]y[:a]ns|hissu[/a]ksas|m[=a]'shitk|k[/a]lak,|ts[/u]i|k[/i]uks| +When | another | man | fell sick | as | then | the | + relapsed, conjurer + + |n[:a]'-ulakta|tchu- + | concludes | to + +t[/a]nuapkuk.|Tch[/u]i|tch[/u]ta;|tch[/u]i|y[/a]-uks|huk |shl[:a][/a]| + treat (him).| And | he | and | remedy |this| finds out | + treats; + + |k[/a]lak a g[=e]k. | Tchi + |(that) relapsed he.| Thus + +huk|shu[^i]'sh|s[/a]pa.|Ts[/u]i|n[=a]'sh|shu[=i]'sh|s[/a]yuaks| +the| song- | indi- | And | one | song- | having | + remedy cates. remedy found out + + |h[^u]'mtcha k[/a]lak,|tch[/u]i 3 + | (that) of the kind | then + of relapsed (he is), + +n[/a]nuk|h[^u]k|shu[=i]'sh|tp[:a]'wa|h[^u]'nksht|kaltchitch[/i]kshash| + all | those| remedies | indicate|(that) him |the spider(-remedy) | + + |heshuamp[)e]l[/i]tki + | would + +g[/i]ug.|Tch[/u]i|h[^u]'k|k[/a]ltchitchiks|y[/a]-uka;| ub[/a]-us| + cure. | Then | the | spider | treats |a piece of| + him; deer-skin + + |h[^u]k|k[/a]ltchitchiksam + | | of the spider + +tchut[)e]n[=o]'tkish.|Ts[/u]i|h[/u]kantka|ub[/a]-ustka|tchut[/a];| +(is) the curing-tool.| Then | by means | deer-skin | he treats| + of that (him); | + + |t[:a]t[/a]ktak| huk 6 + | just the size|that + | of the spot + +k[/a]lak|m[=a]'sha,|g[:a]'tak|ub[/a]-ush|kt[^u]'shka|t[:a]'tak|huk| + relapse| is | so much | of deer- | he cuts | as where| he| + infected, skin out + + |m[=a]'sha.|Ts[/u]i|h[^u]k + | is | Then | + suffering. + +k[/a]ltchitchiks|siun[/o]ta|n[:a]'ds[k=]ank|h[^u]'nk|ub[/a]-nsh.| + the "spider" |is started| while applying| that |skin piece.| + song + + |Tch[^u]'yuk|p'la[/i]ta + | And he | over it + +n[/e]tatka|sk[/u]tash,|ts[/u]i| sha|h[^u]'nk|ud[^u]'pka| + he | a blanket,| and |they| it | strike | + stretches + + |h[:a]n[:a]'shishtka,|ts[/u]i|h[^u]'k 9 + | with conjurer's | then | it + arrows, + +gut[:a]'ga|tsul[:a]'kshtat;| g[:a]'tsa|l[^u]'p[/i]|kiat[/e]ga,| + enters | into the body; |a particle| firstly | enters, | + + |ts[/u]i|tsul[=e]'ks|[k=]'l[:a]k[/a],|tch[/u]i + | then | (it) body | becomes, | and + +at |pushp[/u]shuk|shl[=e]'sh|h[^u]k|ub[/a]-ush.|Ts[/u]i|m[=a]'ns| +now| dark it |to look at| that |skin-piece.| Then | after | + a while + + |t[/a]nk[)e]ni ak|wa[/i]tash + | after so and | days + so many + +h[^u]'k|p[^u]shp[/u]shli at|m[=a]'ns=g[^i]tk|tsul[:a]'ks=sitk| + that | black (thing) | at last |(is) flesh-like | + + |shl[:a]'sh.|Ts[/i]|n[/i]|s[/a]yuakta; 12 + |to look at.| Thus | I |am informed; + +t[/u]mi|h[^u]'nk|sh[/a]yuakta|h[^u]'masht=g[^i]sht|tchut[=i]'sht;| + many | | know | (that) in this | were effected| + men manner cures; + + |ts[/u]yuk|ts[/u]shni + | and he | always + then + +w[:a]'mp[)e]le. +was well again. + + +NOTES. + +585, 1. n[/a]y[:a]ns hissu[/a]ksas: another man than the conjurers of the +tribe. The objective case shows that m[=a]'shitk has to be regarded +here as the participle of an impersonal verb: m[=a]'sha n[^u]sh, and +m[=a]'sha n[^u], it ails me, I am sick. + +585, 2. y[/a]-uks is remedy in general, spiritual as well as material. +Here a tam[/a]nuash song is meant by it, which, when sung by the +conjurer, will furnish him the certainty if his patient is a relapse +or not. There are several of these medicine-songs, but all of them +(n[/a]nuk h[^u]'k shu[=i]'sh) when consulted point out the spider-medicine +as the one to apply in this case. The spider's curing-instrument is +that small piece of buckskin (ub[/a]-ush) which has to be inserted under +the patient's skin. It is called the spider's medicine because the +spider-song is sung during its application. + +585, 10. gut[:a]'ga. The whole operation is concealed from the eyes of +spectators by a skin or blanket stretched over the patient and the +hands of the operator. + +585, 10. kiat[/e]ga. The buckskin piece has an oblong or longitudinal +shape in most instances, and it is passed under the skin sideways and +very gradually. + +585, 11. t[/a]nk[)e]ni ak wa[/i]tash. Dave Hill gave as an approximate +limit five days' time. + + * * * * * + + + +SWEAT-LODGES. + + +IN THE KLAMATH LAKE DIALECT BY MINNIE FROBEN. OBTAINED BY A.S. +GATSCHET. + +[/E]-ukshkni|l[/a]pa|sp[^u]'klish|g[/i]tko.|[K=][/u][k=]iuk| + The lake | two | sweat- | have. | To weep over | + people (kinds lodges + of) + + |[k=][)e]lekapkash|sp[^u]'klishla + | the deceased | they build + sweat-lodges + + y[/e]pank|k[:a][/i]la;|stut[/i]lantko|sp[^u]'klish,|k[:a][/i]la| +digging up| the ground;| are roofed | (these) |with earth | + sweat-lodges + + |waltch[/a]tko.|Sp[^u]'klish a + | covered. | (Another) + sweat-lodge + +sha |sh[^u]'ta|ku[/e]-utch,|k[/i]tchikan[']sh|stin[/a]ga=sh[/i]tko;| +they| build | of willows,| a little | cabin looking like | + + |sk[^u]'tash a|w[/a]ldsha 3 + | blankets | they + spread + +sp[^u]'klishtat|tatat[/a]k s[)e]|spukli[/a].|T[/a]tataks a h[^u]'nk| + over the |when in it they | sweat. | Whenever | + sweating-lodge + + | w[/e]as|l[/u]la,|tat[/a]taks + |children| died, | or when + +a h[/i]shuaksh|tch[/i]m[)e]na,|sn[/a]wedsh|w[/e]nuitk,|[k=][^u]'[k=]i| + a husband | became | (or) the | (is) | they weep | + widower, wife | widowed, + + |[k=][)e]lek[/a]tko,|sp[^u]'klitcha + |for cause of death | go sweating + +t[/u]mi|shash[/a]moks=l[/o]latko;|t[/u]nepni|wa[/i]tash|tch[/i]k| sa | + many | relatives who have lost | five | days | then |they| + + |h[^u]'uk|sp[^u]'klia. 6 + | | sweat. + +Shi[/u]lakiank a| sha|kt[/a]i| h[/u]yuka |skoilaku[/a]pkuk;|h[/u]toks| + Gathering |they| stones| (they) | to heap them up | those | + heat (them) (after use); + + |kt[/a]i|[k=][/a]-i tat[/a] + | stones| never + +spukli[^u]'t[']hu[=i]sh.|Sp[/u]klish|l[/u]p[)i]a|h[/u]yuka;| + having been used for |Sweat lodge|in front of| they heat| + sweating (them); + + |[k=][/e]lpka a|[/a]t,| [/i]lhiat |[/a]tui, + |heated (being)| when,| they bring |at once, + (them) inside + +[k=][/i]dshna ai|[^i]|[/a]mbu,|kliul[/a]la.|Sp[^u]'kli|a sha| + pour | on | water, | sprinkle. | Sweat |then | + them they + + |t[/u]m[)e]ni|"hours";|[k=][/e]lpkuk 9 + | several | hours; | being quite + warmed up + +g[/e]ka|shualk[/o]ltchuk|p[/e]niak|[k=][=o]'[k=]s|p[/e]pe-udshak| + they | (and) to cool | without | dress | only to go | + leave | themselves off bathing + + |[/e]wagatat,|[k=][/o][k=]etat,|[/e]-ush + |in a spring,| river, | lake + +wig[/a]ta.|Spukli-u[/a]pka|m[=a]'ntch.| Shp[/o]tuok |i-ak[/e]wa| +close by. |They will sweat| for long |To make them-| they bend| + hours. selves strong down + + | k[/a]pka, |sk[^u]'tawia + |young pine-| (they) tie + trees together + +sha |w[/e]wakag|kn[^u]'kstga.|Ndshi[/e]tchatka|kn[^u]'ks a|sha | +they| small | with ropes. |Of (willow-)bark| the ropes |they| + brushwood + + |sh[/u]shata. 12 + | make. + +G[/a]tpamp[)e]lank|shkoshk[^i]'l[x]a|kt[/a]ktiag|h[^u]'shkankok| + On going home |they heap up into| small |in remembrance| + cairns stones + + |[k=][)e]lek[/a]pkash,|kt[/a]-i + | of the dead, | stones + +sh[/u]shuankaptcha|[^i]'hiank. + of equal size |selecting. + + +NOTES. + +No Klamath or Modoc sweat-lodge can be properly called a +sweat-_house_, as is the custom throughout the West. One kind of these +lodges, intended for the use of mourners only, are solid structures, +almost underground; three of them are now in existence, all believed +to be the gift of the principal national deity. Sudatories of the +other kind are found near every Indian lodge, and consist of a few +willow-rods stuck into the ground, both ends being bent over. The +process gone through while sweating is the same in both kinds of +lodges, with the only difference as to time. The ceremonies mentioned +4-13. all refer to sweating in the mourners' sweat-lodges. The +sudatories of the Oregonians have no analogy with the _estufas_ of +the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico, as far as their construction is +concerned. + +586, 1. l[/a]pa sp[^u]'klish, two sweat-lodges, stands for two _kinds_ of +sweat-lodges. + +586, 5. shash[/a]moks=l[/o]latko forms _one_ compound word: one who, +or: those who have lost relatives by death; cf. pt[/i]sh=l[^u]lsh, +pg[/i]sh=l[^u]lsh; hishu[/a]kga pt[/i]sh=l[/u]latk, male orphan whose +father has died. In the same manner, [k=][)e]lek[/a]tko stands here as a +participle referring simultaneously to h[/i]shuaksh and to sn[/a]wedsh +w[/e]nuitk, and can be rendered by "_bereaved_". Shash[/a]moks, distr. +form of sh[/a]-amoks, is often pronounced shesh[/a]maks. T[/u]mi etc. +means, that many others accompany to the sweat-lodge, into which about +six persons can crowd themselves, bereaved husbands, wives or parents, +because the deceased were related to them. + +586, 7. Shi[/u]lakiank etc. For developing steam the natives collect +only such stones for heating as are neither too large nor too small; +a medium size seeming most appropriate for concentrating the largest +amount of heat. The old sweat-lodges are surrounded with large +accumulations of stones which, to judge from their blackened exterior, +have served the purpose of generating steam; they weigh not over 3 to +5 pounds in the average, and in the vicinity travelers discover many +small cairns, not over four feet high, and others lying in ruins. +The shrubbery around the sudatory is in many localities tied up with +willow wisps and ropes. + +586, 11. Spukli-u[/a]pka m[=a]'ntch means that the sweating-process is +repeated many times during the five days of observance; they sweat at +least twice a day. + + * * * * * + + + +A DOG'S REVENGE. + +A DAKOTA FABLE, BY MICHEL RENVILLE. OBTAINED BY REV. S.R. RIGGS. + +[/S]u[ng]ka|wa[ng];|[k.]a |waka[ng]ka |wa[ng]|wa[k.]i[ng]|wa[ng]| + Dog | a; | and | old-woman | a | pack | a | + + |ta[ng]ka| hnaka. |U[ng]kan + | large |laid away.| And + +[/s]u[ng]ka|[k.]o[ng]| he |sdonya.|U[ng]ka[ng]|wa[ng]na|ha[ng]yetu,| + dog | the |that| knew. | And | now | night, | + + |u[ng]ka[ng]|waka[ng]ka + | and | old-woman + +i[/s]tinman|ke[/c]i[ng]|[k.]a| en | ya: |tuka|waka[ng]ka|ki[ng]| + asleep | he thought| and |there|went:| but| old woman| the | + + |sdonkiye|[/c.]a|kiktaha[ng] 3 + | knew | and | awake + +wa[ng]ke,|[/c.]a| ite |hdaki[ng]ya[ng]| ape |[/c.]a|ki[/c]akse,| + lay, | and |face | across |struck| and | gashed, | + + |[/c.]a|nina| po, | keyapi. + | and |much|swelled,|they say. + +U[ng]ka[ng]|ha[ng][.h]a[ng]na|heha[ng]|[/s]u[ng]ka|toke[/c]a|wa[ng]| + And | morning | then | dog | another | a | + + | en | hi, |[k.]a| okiya | ya. + |there|came,| and |to-talk-with|went. + +Tuka|pamahdeda[ng]| ite| mahen| inina|ya[ng]ka.|U[ng]ka[ng]|taku| + But| head-down |face|within|silent| was. | And |what| + + |i[/c]ante|ni[/s]i[/c]a + | of-heart| you-bad + +heci[ng]ha[ng]|omakiyaka wo,| eya. |U[ng]ka[ng],|Inina | + if | me-tell, |he-said.| And, |still | + + |ya[ng]ka wo,|waka[ng]ka 3 + | old-woman + +wa[ng]|te[.h]iya|omaki[.h]a[ng] do,| eya, | keyapi. |U[ng]ka[ng],| + a | hardly | me-dealt-with, |he-said,|they say.| And, | + + |Toke[ng]|ni[/c]i[.h]a[ng] he,| eya. + | How | to-thee-did-she, |he-said. + +U[ng]ka[ng],|Wa[k.]in| wa[ng]|ta[ng]ka| hnaka e |wa[ng]mdake|[/c.]a| + And, | Pack | a | large |she-laid-away| I-saw | and | + + | heo[ng] | otpa | awape: + |therefore|to-go-for|I waited: + +[.k]a|wa[ng]na|ha[ng]|teha[ng]|[.k]ehan,|i[/s]ti[ng]be|se[/c]a e| en | + and | now |night | far | then, | she-asleep | probably|there| + + | mde |[/c.]a| pa |timahe[ng] 6 + |I went| and |head| house-in + +yewaya, |u[ng]ka[ng]|kiktaha[ng]|wa[ng]ke| [/s]ta |he[/c]amo[ng]:| +I-poked,| and | awake | lay |although| this-I-did: | + + |[.k]a,|[/S]i,| de |tukten + | and, | shoo,|this| where + + yau he, | eye, |[/c.]a| itohna| amape, |[/c.]a|de[/c]en| +you-come,|she-said,| and |face-on|smote-me,| and | thus | + + |iyemaya[ng] ce,| eye |[/c.]a| kipazo. + |she-me-left |he-said| and |showed-him. + +U[ng]ka[ng],|Hu[ng]hu[ng]he!|te[.h]iya|e[/c]ani[/c]o[ng] do,| + And, | Alas! alas! | hardly | she-did-to-you, | + + |ihome[/c]a|wa[k.]i[ng]|ki[ng]|u[ng]tapi 9 + |therefore | pack | the | we-eat + +kta ce,|eye |[/c.]a,|Mni[/c]iya wo,|eya, |keyapi.|Ito,|Miniboza[ng]na| + will, |he- | and, | Assemble, | he- | they |Now,| Water-mist | + said said, say. + + |ki[/c]o wo, + | call, + +ka,|Yaksa|ta[ng]i[ng] [/s]ni|kico wo,|Tahu|wa[/s]aka|kico wo,|[.k]a,| +and| Bite| not manifest | call, |Neck| strong | invite,| and, | + off + + | Taisa[ng]pena + |His-knife-sharp + +kico wo,| eya, | keyapi. |U[ng]ka[ng]|owasi[ng]|wi[/c]aki[/c]o:| + call, |he-said,|they-say.| And | all |them-he-called:| + + |[k.]a|wa[ng]na|owasi[ng]| en 12 + | and | now | all |there + +hipi|heha[ng]| heya, | keyapi: | Ihopo, |waka[ng]ka| de | +came| then |this-he-said,|they-say:|Come-on,| old-woman|this| + + |te[.h]iya|e[/c]aki[/c]o[ng] [/c]e; + | hardly | dealt-with; + +minihei[/c.]iyapo,|ha[ng]yetu|hepiya|wa[/c]oni[/c]a|waki[ng]|wa[ng]| +bestir-yourselves,| night |during| dried-meat | pack | a | + + |te[.h]i[ng]da|[k.]a| on + | she-forbid | and | for + +te[.h]iya|e[/c]aki[/c]o[ng]|tuka,|ehae[/s]|untapi|kta [/c]e,| + hardly | dealt-with-him | but,| indeed |we eat|will | + + | eya, | keyapi. 15 + |he-said,|they say. + +U[ng]ka[ng]|Miniboza[ng]na|e[/c]iyapi|[k.]o[ng]| he |wa[ng]na| + Then | Water-mist | called | the |that| now | + + |ma[.g]a[/z]ukiye|[/c.]a,|a[ng]petu + | rain-made, | and, | day + + o[.s]a[ng]|ma[.g]a[/z]u|e[/c]en|otpaza;|[k.]a|wakeya|owasi[ng]| nina | +all-through| rained | until | dark; | and | tent | all | very | + + |spaya,|wihutipaspe + | wet, | tent-pin + +olidoka|owasi[ng]|ta[ng]ya[ng]|[.h]pan.|U[ng]ka[ng]|heha[ng]| + holes | all | well |soaked. | And | then | + + |Yaksa ta[ng]i[ng] [/s]ni| wihuti- 18 + | Bite-off-manifest-not | tent-fast- + +paspe |ki[ng]|owasi[ng]| yakse, |tuka |ta[ng]i[ng][/s]ni ya[ng]| yakse | +enings| the | all |bit-off,| but | slyly |bit-off| + + |nakae[/s]|waka[ng]ka + | so that | old-woman + +ki[ng]|sdonkiye|[/s]ni.|U[ng]ka[ng]|Tahuwa[/s]aka| he |wa[k.]i[ng]| + the | knew | not. | And | Neck-strong | he | pack | + + |[k.]o[ng]| yape |[/c.]a|mani[ng]- + | the |seized,| and | away + +kiya| yapa iyeya, |[k.]a|teha[ng]|e[.h]peya.|He[/c]en|Taisa[ng]pena| + off| holding-in- | and | far | threw-it.| So | His-knife- | + mouth-carried sharp + + |wa[k.]i[ng]|[k.]o[ng] 21 + | pack | the + +[/c]okaya |kiyaksa-iyeya.|He[/c]e[ng]|wa[k.]i[ng]|[k.]o[ng]|ha[ng]yetu| +in-middle | tore-it-open.| Hence | pack | the | night | + + |hepiyana| temya- + | during |they-ate- + +iyeyapi,| keyapi. +all-up, | they say. + +He[/c]en|tuwe|wamano[ng]| ke[/s], |sa[ng]pa|iwa[.h]a[ng]i[/c.]ida| +So that | who| steals |although,| more | haughty | + + |wamano[ng]|wa[ng]| hduze, 24 + | thief | a |marries, + + eyapi |e[/c]e;| de |hu[ng]kaka[ng]pi do. +they-say|always;|this| they-fable. + + +NOTES. + +588, 24. This word "hduze" means _to take_ or _hold one's own;_ +and is most commonly applied to a man's taking a wife, or a woman +a husband. Here it may mean either that one who starts in a wicked +course consorts with others "more wicked than himself," or that he +himself grows in the bad and takes hold of the greater forms of +evil--_marries_ himself to the wicked one. + +It will be noted from this specimen of Dakota that there are +some particles in the language which cannot be represented in a +translation. The "do" used at the end of phrases or sentences is +only for emphasis and to round up a period. It belongs mainly to the +language of young men. "Wo" and "po" are the signs of the imperative. + + +TRANSLATION. + +There was a dog; and there was an old woman who had a pack of dried +meat laid away. This the dog knew; and, when he supposed the old woman +was asleep, he went there at night. But the old woman was aware of his +coming and so kept watch, and, as the dog thrust his head under the +tent, she struck him across the face and made a great gash, which +swelled greatly. + +The next morning a companion dog came and attempted to talk with him. +But the dog was sullen and silent. The visitor said: "Tell me what +makes you so heart-sick." To which he replied: "Be still, an old woman +has treated me badly." "What did she do to you?" He answered: "An old +woman had a pack of dried meat; this I saw and went for it; and when +it was now far in the night, and I supposed she was asleep, I went +there and poked my head under the tent. But she was lying awake and +cried out: 'Shoo! what are you doing here?' and struck me on the head +and wounded me as you see." + +Whereupon the other dog said: "Alas! Alas! she has treated you +badly, verily we will eat up her pack of meat. Call an assembly: +call _Water-mist_ (i.e., rain); call _Bite-off-silently_; call +_Strong-neck_; call _Sharp-knife_." So he invited them all. And when +they had all arrived, he said: "Come on! an old woman has treated this +friend badly; bestir yourselves; before the night is past, the pack of +dried meat which she prizes so much, and on account of which she has +thus dealt with our friend, that we will eat all up". + +Then the one who is called _Rain-mist_ caused it to rain, and it +rained all the day through until dark; and the tent was all drenched, +and the holes of the tent-pins were thoroughly softened. Then +_Bite-off-silently_ bit off all the lower tent-fastenings, but +he did it so quietly that the old woman knew nothing of it. Then +_Strong-neck_ came and seized the pack with his mouth, and carried it +far away. Whereupon _Sharp-knife_ came and ripped the pack through the +middle; and so, while it was yet night, they ate up the old woman's +pack of dried meat. + +_Moral_.--A common thief becomes worse and worse by attaching himself +to more daring companions. This is the myth. + + +INDEX. + + Conjurers' practice 583 + Dog's revenge, a Dakota fable 587 + Omaha myth 581 + Revenge, A dog's; a Dakota fable 587 + Sweat lodges 586 + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Illustration Of The Method Of +Recording Indian Languages, by J.O. Dorsey, A.S. Gatschet, and S.R. 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