diff options
Diffstat (limited to '16808-h/16808-h.htm')
| -rw-r--r-- | 16808-h/16808-h.htm | 8169 |
1 files changed, 8169 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/16808-h/16808-h.htm b/16808-h/16808-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5cdc79c --- /dev/null +++ b/16808-h/16808-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,8169 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Story of the Guides, by Col. G.J. Younghusband, C.B. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + + + .phi {text-indent: -20px; margin-top: .75em; text-align: justify; margin-bottom: .75em; } + .linenum {position: absolute; top: auto; left: 4%;} /* poetry number */ + .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%;} + .pagenum {position: absolute; left: 92%; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;} /* page numbers */ + .sidenote {width: 20%; padding-bottom: .5em; padding-top: .5em; + padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .5em; margin-left: 1em; + float: right; clear: right; margin-top: 1em; + font-size: smaller; border: dashed 1px;} + + .bb {border-bottom: solid 2px;} + .bl {border-left: solid 2px;} + .bt {border-top: solid 2px;} + .br {border-right: solid 2px;} + .bbox {border: solid 2px;} + + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + .right {text-align: right;} + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + .figleft {float: left; clear: left; margin-left: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: + 1em; margin-right: 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + .figright {float: right; clear: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; + margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + .footnotes {border: dashed 1px;} + .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + .footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} + .fnanchor {vertical-align: super; font-size: .8em; text-decoration: none;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: left;} + .poem br {display: none;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem span {display: block; margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i2 {display: block; margin-left: 2em;} + .poem span.i4 {display: block; margin-left: 4em;} + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Story of the Guides, by G. J. Younghusband + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Story of the Guides + +Author: G. J. Younghusband + +Release Date: October 7, 2005 [EBook #16808] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE STORY OF THE GUIDES *** + + + + +Produced by Steven Gibbs, Bruce Thomas and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div class="center"><br /> +<h1>THE STORY OF</h1> +<h1>THE GUIDES</h1><br /> +<br /> +<h3>BY</h3> +<br /> +<h2>COL. G.J. YOUNGHUSBAND, C.B.</h2> +<br /> +QUEEN'S OWN CORPS OF GUIDES<br /> +AUTHOR OF "EIGHTEEN HUNDRED MILES ON A BURMESE TAT"<br /> +"INDIAN FRONTIER WARFARE," "THE RELIEF OF CHITRAL"<br /> +"THE PHILIPPINES AND ROUND ABOUT," ETC., ETC.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<i>WITH ILLUSTRATIONS</i><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED<br /> +ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON<br /> +1908<br /><br /><br /> + + +<span class="smcap">Richard Clay and Sons, Limited</span>,<br /> +BREAD STREET HILL, E.C., AND<br /> +BUNGAY, SUFFOLK.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<i>First Edition, March 1908.</i><br /> +<i>Reprinted April 1908.</i><br /><br /><br /> + +DEDICATED<br /> + +BY SPECIAL PERMISSION<br /> + +TO<br /> +<br /> +HIS MAJESTY KING EDWARD VII<br /> +<br /> +COLONEL-IN-CHIEF<br /> + +QUEEN'S OWN CORPS OF GUIDES<br /> +<br /><br /></div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<div>The Author's grateful thanks are due to the +many past and present officers of the Guides who +have helped him in this little book. And especially +to General Sir Peter Lumsden and G.R. Elsmie, +Esq., authors of <i>Lumsden of the Guides</i>; and to +the <i>Memoirs of General Sir Henry Dermot Daly</i>, +written by his son, Major H. Daly.<br /> + +<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 2em;">G.J.Y.</div></div> + +<div><a name="frontispiece" id="frontispiece" /></div> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/frontispiece.jpg" +title="Sir Harry Lumsden, who raised the Guides, from a portrait made when he was commanding the corps" +alt="Sir Harry Lumsden, who raised the Guides, from a portrait made when he was commanding the corps" width="329" height="450" /></div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + + + +<table summary="Table of Contents"> + +<tr><td align="center"><h2><a name="CONTENTS" id="CONTENTS" />CONTENTS</h2><br /> +<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_I">CHAPTER I.</a></h3> +<h5>FIRST STEPS IN WAR.</h5></td><td style="font-size: 60%" valign="bottom"> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">PAGE</span></td></tr> + +<tr><td style="text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +Sir Henry Lawrence's idea—Stocks and tunics—A new departure—Selection +of title—Duties—Harry Lumsden—His methods +of training—Baptism of fire—A gallant exploit—Working for +the Sikhs—Capture of Babuzai—Death of Duffadar Fatteh +Khan—The spring of 1848—Guides unravel a plot—General +Khan Singh hanged—The Maharani deported +</td> +<td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#CHAPTER_I">1</a> </td></tr> + + +<tr><td align="center"><h3><br /><br /><a href="#CHAPTER_II">CHAPTER II.</a></h3> +<h5>THE FIGHTING AROUND MOOLTAN AND AFTER.</h5></td><td></td></tr> + +<tr><td style="text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +The Insurrection at Mooltan—Murder of Agnew and Anderson—Herbert +Edwardes's great achievement—A guide or two with +nerves of steel—Siege of Mooltan—Guides capture twelve +guns—Ressaldar Fatteh Khan, Khuttuk—His historic +charge—With seventy men routs a brigade—Arrival of +Bombay troops—Mooltan stormed and taken—Lumsden +attacks and annihilates Ganda Singh's force—Battle of +Gujrat—Pursuit of the Sikhs—End of Second Sikh War</td> +<td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#CHAPTER_II">18</a> </td></tr> + + +<tr><td align="center"><h3><br /><br /><a href="#CHAPTER_III">CHAPTER III.</a></h3> +<h5>THE CAPTURE OF THE FORT OF GORINDGHAR.</h5></td><td></td></tr> + +<tr><td style="text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +The fort described—Seventy-two guns and a battalion of infantry—British +determine to capture it—Rasul Khan and +Guides' infantry sent in advance—The strategy of the +Subadar—Effects an entry—A day of anxiety—Plans for the +night—The sudden onslaught—Capture of the fort—The +Union Jack—Rasul Khan's reward </td> +<td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#CHAPTER_III">31</a> </td></tr> + + +<tr><td align="center"><h3><br /><br /><a href="#CHAPTER_IV">CHAPTER IV.</a></h3> +<h5>ON THE FRONTIER IN THE 'FIFTIES.</h5></td><td></td></tr> + +<tr><td style="text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +Guides increased—Fatteh Khan, Khuttuk, again—The night +attack—Staunchly repulsed—Thirty against two hundred—With +Sir Colin Campbell—Nawadand—The enemy attack +in force—A cavalry picquet—Lieutenant Hardinge to the +front—His splendid charge with twenty men—Hodson of +Hodson's Horse—Attack on Bori—Lieutenant Turner's +predicament—Gallantry of Dr. Lyell—Hodson's charge—Celebrated +spectators</td> +<td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#CHAPTER_IV">39</a> </td></tr> + + +<tr><td align="center"><h3><br /><br /><a href="#CHAPTER_V">CHAPTER V.</a></h3> +<h5>THE STORY OF DILĀWUR KHAN.</h5></td><td></td></tr> + +<tr><td style="text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +Men accustomed to look after themselves—Shooting for a +vacancy in the Guides—No fiddlers and washermen—Rudyard +Kipling's <i>Bhisti</i>—The brave Juma decorated—Enter +Dilāwur Khan—A noted outlaw—Lumsden pursues +him—They "talk things over"—The outlaw enlists—The +goose-step—Dilāwur the doctrinarian—The sinking boat—Nearly +killed as a Kafir—Becomes a Christian—His last +duty—A brave but pathetic end</td> +<td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#CHAPTER_V">51</a> </td></tr> + + +<tr><td align="center"><h3><br /><br /><a href="#CHAPTER_VI">CHAPTER VI.</a></h3> +<h5>THE GREAT MARCH TO DELHI.</h5></td><td></td></tr> + +<tr><td style="text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +The Mutiny of the 55th Native Infantry—Their tragic fate—The +Guides start for Delhi—Daly's diary—A fight by the way—An +average of twenty-seven miles a day—Arrival at Delhi—Every +officer killed or wounded first day—The summer of '57—Return +to the Frontier—A warm welcome—Three hundred +and fifty out of six hundred left behind—Complement of +officers four times over killed or wounded </td> +<td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#CHAPTER_VI">65</a> </td></tr> + + +<tr><td align="center"><h3><br /><br /><a href="#CHAPTER_VII">CHAPTER VII.</a></h3> +<h5>TWENTY YEARS OF MINOR WARS.</h5></td><td></td></tr> + +<tr><td style="text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +With Sir Sidney Cotton against the Hindustani fanatics—Fierce +hand to hand fighting—Dressed to meet their Lord—Against +the Waziris in 1860 under Sir Neville Chamberlain—Fierce +attack on the Guides' camp—Lumsden stands the shock—The +charge of the five hundred—The Guides clear the camp +with the bayonet—Heavy casualties—Lumsden's last fight—A +story or two—Lord William Beresford—The Crag +picquet—Colonel Dighton Probyn—A boat expedition—Cavignari's +methods—Surprise of Sappri</td> +<td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#CHAPTER_VII">76</a> </td></tr> + + +<tr><td align="center"><h3><br /><br /><a href="#CHAPTER_VIII">CHAPTER VIII.</a></h3> +<h5>THE MASSACRE OF THE GUIDES AT KABUL.</h5></td><td></td></tr> + +<tr><td style="text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +The Cavignari mission—Escort of the Guides—Cordial reception—The +clouds gather—Insubordination of Herati regiments—The +storm bursts—Seventy men against thousands—Defence +of the Residency—The fight begins—Cavignari's bravery +and death—Messages to the Amir—The attempt of Shahzada +Taimus—The enemy's guns arrive—The distant witness—The +three officers lead a charge—Kelly's death—Another +charge by Hamilton and Jenkyns—Jenkyns killed—Hamilton's +last charge and heroic death—The last bright flash—Retribution</td> +<td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#CHAPTER_VIII">97</a> </td></tr> + + +<tr><td align="center"><h3><br /><br /><a href="#CHAPTER_IX">CHAPTER IX.</a></h3> +<h5>THE AFGHAN WAR, 1878-80.</h5></td><td></td></tr> + +<tr><td style="text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +The Guides under Sir Frederick Roberts—Their devotion to him—Under +Sir Sam Browne at Ali-Musjid—Jenkins enlists an +enemy—"No riding school for me"—Battle of Fattehabad—Wigram +Battye's death—Hamilton's fine leading—He wins +the V.C.—The Guides' march to Sherpur—They pass +through the investing army—Assaults on the Takht-i-Shah +and Asmai heights—Captain Hammond receives the V.C.—The +final assault of the enemy on Sherpur—Defeat and +pursuit—The second battle of Charasiab—A fine fight—Roberts +marches to Kandahar</td> +<td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#CHAPTER_IX">117</a> </td></tr> + + +<tr><td align="center"><h3><br /><br /><a href="#CHAPTER_X">CHAPTER X.</a></h3> +<h5>WAR STORIES.</h5></td><td></td></tr> + +<tr><td style="text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +Fighting against his own people—The temptation—The sentry +succumbs—Seventeen sent in pursuit—Their return after two +years—Duffadar Faiz Talab's adventure—An unwilling +General—His unhappy position—A narrow escape—Saved +by a British officer</td> +<td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#CHAPTER_X">135</a> </td></tr> + + +<tr><td align="center"><h3><br /><br /><a href="#CHAPTER_XI">CHAPTER XI.</a></h3> +<h5>THE ADVENTURES OF SHAH SOWAR AND ABDUL MAJID.</h5></td><td></td></tr> + +<tr><td style="text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +Shah Sowar meets "Smith"—They depart together—Sheikh +Abdul Qadir, late Smith—A travelling Prince—The first +pitfall—Escape—Tea and diplomacy—The Evil Spirit—The +Chief with a thousand spears—The Englishman's disguise +fails—Death in the morning—A hairbreadth escape—Abdul +Majid—The fatal shoes—The compass down the well—A +night with his jailer—A stroke for freedom—A later meeting—Peace +and jollification</td> +<td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#CHAPTER_XI">144</a> </td></tr> + + +<tr><td align="center"><h3><br /><br /><a href="#CHAPTER_XII">CHAPTER XII.</a></h3> +<h5>THE RELIEF OF CHITRAL.</h5></td><td></td></tr> + +<tr><td style="text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +The beleaguered garrison—Two hundred miles from anywhere—Rapid +mobilisation—Kelly's fine feat—Storming the Malakand—The +Guides' charge in the Swat Valley—Roddy Owen—The +Panjkora—Position of the Guides—The bridge breaks—The +fight in retreat—Seven thousand held at bay—A battle +on the stage—Colonel Fred. Battye mortally wounded—A +night of suspense—Defeated by star-shells—Death of Capt. +Peebles—Action of Mundah—Relief of Chitral</td> +<td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#CHAPTER_XII">160</a> </td></tr> + + +<tr><td align="center"><h3><br /><br /><a href="#CHAPTER_XIII">CHAPTER XIII.</a></h3> +<h5>THE MALAKAND, 1897.</h5></td><td></td></tr> + +<tr><td style="text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +A sudden call on the Guides—Prompt departure and fine march—Days +and nights of constant hand-to-hand fighting—Story +of the trouble—Great bravery of the enemy—Repulsed again +and again with slaughter—Reinforcements arrive—Sir +Bindon Blood—Relief of Chakdara—Its splendid defence—A +word for the British subaltern—The fight at Landāki—MacLean's +heroic death—Three V.C.s in one day</td> +<td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#CHAPTER_XIII">172</a> </td></tr> + + +<tr><td align="center"><h3><br /><br /><a href="#CHAPTER_XIV">CHAPTER XIV.</a></h3> +<h5>THE HOME OF THE GUIDES.</h5></td><td></td></tr> + +<tr><td style="text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +A camp to start with—The Five Star Fort—On the borders of +Yāghistan—After the mutiny—The bastions—Godby cut +down—The mess—The garden—The old graveyard—The +Kabul memorial—Ommanney's assassination—The names of +roads—Old leaders—The farm—Polo-grounds—Church—Daily +life—Sport—Hawking—Climate—A happy home</td> +<td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#CHAPTER_XIV">185</a> </td></tr> +</table> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2>LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS</h2> + +<table summary="List of Illustrations"> + + +<tr> + <td><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0em; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> + <span class="smcap">Sir Harry Lumsden, who raised the Guides, +from a portrait made when he was commanding the corps</span> </p> </td> + <td valign="bottom" align="left"><a href="#frontispiece"><i>Front</i>.</a></td> + <td align="right" valign="bottom"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0em; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> + <span class="smcap">Afridis on the war-path</span> </p> </td> + <td valign="bottom" align="center"><i>To face page</i></td> + <td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#pg008">8</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0em; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +<span class="smcap">Ressaldar Fatteh Khan, Khuttuk, who at +the head of seventy men of the Guides' +Cavalry defeated and drove into +Mooltan a Brigade of Sikh Cavalry, +from a picture by W. Carpenter. By +kind permission of General Sir Peter +Lumsden, G.C.B.</span> </p> </td> + <td align="center" valign="bottom"> " </td> + <td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#pg024">24</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0em; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +<span class="smcap">A Picquet of the Guides' Infantry +bivouacking</span> </p> </td> + <td valign="bottom" align="center"> " </td> + <td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#pg040">40</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0em; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +<span class="smcap">A Scout of the Guides' Cavalry warning +his Infantry Comrades. The small man on the right is a Gurkha</span> </p> </td> + <td valign="bottom" align="center"> " </td> + <td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#pg070">70</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0em; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +<span class="smcap">A non-commissioned officer of the Guides' +Infantry</span> </p> </td> + <td valign="bottom" align="center"> " </td> + <td align="right" valign="bottom"> <a href="#pg080">80</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0em; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +<span class="smcap">An Afridi of the Guides' Infantry</span> </p> </td> + <td valign="bottom" align="center"> " </td> + <td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#pg092">92</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0em; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +<span class="smcap">The Memorial Arch and Tank to the memory +of Sir Louis Cavignari and the officers +and non-commissioned officers and men +of the Guides killed in the defence of +the Kabul Residency, September 3, 1879. +In the foreground is a brass cannon +captured during the Relief of Chitral</span> </p> </td> + <td valign="bottom" align="center"> " </td> + <td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#pg104">104</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0em; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +<span class="smcap">Statue of Lieutenant Walter Hamilton, +erected in Dublin Museum</span> </p> </td> + <td valign="bottom" align="center"> " </td> + <td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#pg107">107</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0em; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +<span class="smcap">A Trooper of the Guides' Cavalry</span> </p> </td> + <td valign="bottom" align="center"> " </td> + <td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#pg124">124</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0em; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +<span class="smcap">Types of men in the Guides' Infantry</span> </p> </td> + <td valign="bottom" align="center"> " </td> + <td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#pg136">136</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0em; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +<span class="smcap">Types of men in the Guides' Cavalry, both +in uniform and mufti</span> </p> </td> + <td valign="bottom" align="center"> " </td> + <td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#pg144">144</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0em; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +<span class="smcap">Non-commissioned Officer and Trooper of +the Guides' Cavalry</span> </p> </td> + <td valign="bottom" align="center"> " </td> + <td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#pg162">162</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0em; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +<span class="smcap">Thirty-four wearers of the Star "For +Valour," all serving at one time in +the Corps of Guides. This is the +highest distinction open to an Indian +soldier for gallantry in action. The +group illustrates the variety of tribes +enlisted in the Guides—Afridis, +Yusafzai Pathans, Khuttuks, Sikhs, +Punjabi Mahomedans, Punjabi Hindus, +Farsiwans (Persians), Dogras, Gurkhas, +Kabulis, Turcomans, &c., &c., most of +whom are here represented</span> </p> </td> + <td valign="bottom" align="center"> " </td> + <td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#pg172">172</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0em; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +<span class="smcap">The old Graveyard at Mardan</span> </p> </td> + <td valign="bottom" align="center"> " </td> + <td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#pg190">190</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0em; padding-left: 30px; text-indent: -30px;"> +<span class="smcap">The Church at Mardan</span> </p> </td> + <td valign="bottom" align="center"> " </td> + <td align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="#pg194">194</a></td> +</tr> + +</table> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h1><a name="THE_STORY_OF_THE_GUIDES" id="THE_STORY_OF_THE_GUIDES" />THE STORY OF THE GUIDES<br /><br /><br /> +<a name="Page_1" id="Page_1"></a></h1> + +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_I" id="CHAPTER_I" />CHAPTER I</h2> + +<h4>FIRST STEPS IN WAR</h4> + +<p>It is given to some regiments to spread their +achievements over the quiet centuries, while to the +lot of others it falls to live, for a generation or two, +in an atmosphere of warlike strife and ever present +danger. The Guides have been, from a soldier's +point of view, somewhat fortunate in seeing much +service during the past sixty years; and thus their +history lends itself readily to a narrative which is +full of adventure and stirring deeds. The story of +those deeds may, perchance, be found of interest to +those at home, who like to read the gallant record +of the men who fight their battles in remote and +unfamiliar corners of the Empire across the seas.</p> + +<p>To Sir Henry Lawrence, the <i>preux chevalier</i>, +who died a soldier's death in the hallowed precincts +of Lucknow, the Guides owe their name and origin. +At a time when soldiers fought, and marched, and +lived in tight scarlet tunics, high stocks, trousers +tightly strapped over Wellington boots, and shakos<a name="Page_2" id="Page_2"></a> +which would now be looked on as certain death, Sir +Henry evolved the startling heresy that to get the +best work out of troops, and to enable them to +undertake great exertions, it was necessary that the +soldier should be loosely, comfortably, and suitably +clad, that something more substantial than a pill-box +with a pocket-handkerchief wrapped round it was +required as a protection from a tropical sun, and +that footgear must be made for marching, and not +for parading round a band-stand.</p> + +<p>Martinets of the old school gravely shook their +heads, and trembled for the discipline of men +without stocks and overalls. Men of the Irregular +Cavalry, almost as much trussed and padded as +their Regular comrades (who were often so tightly +clad as to be unable to mount without assistance), +looked with good-natured tolerance on a foredoomed +failure. But Sir Henry Lawrence had the +courage of his opinions, and determined to put his +theories to practice, though at first on a small scale.</p> + +<p>Not only were the Guides to be sensibly clothed, +but professionally also they were to mark a new +departure. In 1846 the Punjab was still a Sikh +province, and the administration was only thinly +strengthened by a sprinkling of British officers. +Men, half soldiers, half civilians, and known in +India under the curious misnomer of Political +Officers,—a class to whom the British Empire +owes an overwhelming debt—were scattered here +and there, hundreds of miles apart, and in the<a name="Page_3" id="Page_3"></a> +name of the Sikh Durbar practically ruled and +administered provinces as large as Ireland or +Scotland. The only British troops in the country +were a few of the Company's regiments, quartered +at Lahore to support the authority of the Resident,—a +mere coral island in the wide expanse. +What Sir Henry Lawrence felt was the want of +a thoroughly mobile body of troops, both horse +and foot, untrammelled by tradition, ready to move +at a moment's notice, and composed of men of +undoubted loyalty and devotion, troops who would +not only be of value in the rough and tumble of +a soldier's trade, but would grow used to the finer +arts of providing skilled intelligence.</p> + +<p>The title selected for the corps was in itself a new +departure in the British Army, and history is not +clear as to whether its pre-ordained duties suggested +the designation to Sir Henry Lawrence, or whether, +in some back memory, its distinguished predecessor +in the French army stood sponsor for the idea. +Readers of the Napoleonic wars will remember that, +after the battle of Borghetto, the Great Captain +raised a <i>Corps des Guides</i>, and that this was the +first inception of the <i>Corps d'Elite</i>, which later grew +into the Consular Guard, and later still expanded +into the world-famed Imperial Guard ten thousand +strong.</p> + +<p>But whatever the history of the inception of its +title, the duties of the Corps of Guides were clearly +and concisely defined in accordance with Sir Henry's<a name="Page_4" id="Page_4"></a> +precepts. It was to contain trustworthy men, who +could, at a moment's notice, act as guides to troops +in the field; men capable, too, of collecting trustworthy +intelligence beyond, as well as within, our +borders; and, in addition to all this, men, ready to +give and take hard blows, whether on the frontier +or in a wider field. A special rate of pay was +accorded to all ranks. And finally, fortunate as +Sir Henry Lawrence had been in the inspiration +that led him to advocate this new departure, he was +no less fortunate in his selection of the officer who +was destined to inaugurate a new feature in the +fighting forces of the Empire.</p> + +<p>Even from among officers of proved experience +and ability it is by no means easy to select the +right man to inaugurate and carry through successfully +an experimental measure; much more difficult +is it to do so when the selection lies among young +officers who have still to win their spurs. Yet from +among old or young, experienced or inexperienced, +it would have been impossible to have selected an +officer with higher qualifications for the work in +hand than the young man on whom the choice fell.</p> + +<p>Born of a soldier stock, and already experienced +in war, Harry Lumsden possessed all the finest attributes +of the young British officer. He was a man +of strong character, athletic, brave, resolute, cool and +resourceful in emergency; a man of rare ability +and natural aptitude for war, and possessed, moreover, +of that magnetic influence which communicates<a name="Page_5" id="Page_5"></a> +the highest confidence and devotion to those who +follow. In addition he was a genial comrade, a +keen sportsman, and a rare friend to all who knew +him. Such, then, was the young officer selected by +Sir Henry Lawrence to raise the Corps of Guides.</p> + +<p>That the commencement should be not too +ambitious, it was ruled that the first nucleus should +consist only of one troop of cavalry and two +companies of infantry, with only one British officer. +But as this story will show, as time and success +hallowed its standards, this modest squad expanded +into the corps which now, with twenty-seven British +officers and fourteen hundred men, holds an +honoured place in the ranks of the Indian Army.</p> + +<p>Following out the principle that the corps was to +be for service and not for show, the time-honoured +scarlet of the British Army was laid aside for the +dust-coloured uniform which half a century later, +under the now well-known name of <i>khaki</i>, became +the fighting dress of the whole of the land forces +of the Empire.</p> + +<p>The spot chosen for raising the new corps was +Peshawur, then the extreme outpost of the British +position in India, situated in the land of men born +and bred to the fighting trade, free-lances ready to +take service wherever the rewards and spoils of war +were to be secured. While fully appreciating the +benefits of accurate drill, and the minute attention +to technical detail, bequeathed as a legacy by the +school of Wellington, Lumsden upheld the principle<a name="Page_6" id="Page_6"></a> +that the greatest and best school for war is war +itself. He believed in the elasticity which begets +individual self-confidence, and preferred a body of +men taught to act and fight with personal +intelligence to the highly-trained impersonality +which requires a sergeant's order before performing +the smallest duty, and an officer's fostering care to +forestall its every need.</p> + +<p>Holding such views, it is with no surprise we read +that, while his men were still under the elementary +training of drill instructors borrowed from other +regiments, Lumsden led them forth to learn the +art of war under the blunt and rugged conditions +of the Indian frontier. To march, not through +peaceful lanes, but with all the care and precautions +which a semi-hostile region necessitated; to +encamp, not on the quiet village green where +sentry-go might appear an unmeaning farce, but in +close contact with a vigilant and active race of hard +fighters, especially skilled in the arts of surprises and +night-attacks; to be ready, always ready, with the +readiness of those who meet difficulties half way,—such +were the precepts which the hardy recruits of +the Guides imbibed simultaneously with the +automatic instruction of the drill-sergeant.</p> + +<p>Nor was it long before Lumsden had an opportunity +of practically demonstrating to the young idea +his methods of making war. The corps, barely +seven months old, was encamped at Kàlu Khan in +the plain of Yusafzai, when sudden orders came,<a name="Page_7" id="Page_7"></a> +directing it to make a night-march, with the object +of surprising and capturing the village of Mughdara +in the Panjtar Hills. In support of the small band of +Guides was sent a troop of Sikh cavalry, seasoned +warriors, to stiffen the young endeavour and hearten +the infant warrior. Marching all night, half an hour +before daylight the force arrived at the mouth of a +narrow defile, three-fourths of a mile long, leading +to the village, and along which only one horseman +could advance at a time. Nothing dismayed, and +led by the intrepid Lumsden, in single file the +Guides dashed at full gallop through the defile, +fell with fury on the awakening village, captured +and disarmed it, and brought away, as trophies +of war, its chief and three hundred head of +cattle. To add to the modest pride taken in this +bright initial feat of arms, it was achieved single-handed, +for the supporting troop of Sikhs failed to +face the dark terrors of the defile and remained +behind. This opening skirmish was the keynote to +many an after success. It helped to foster a spirit +of alert preparedness, readiness to seize the fleeting +opportunity, and courage and determination when +once committed to action. These seeds thus planted +grew to be some of the acknowledged attributes +of the force as it blossomed into maturity under +its gallant leader.</p> + +<p>During the first year of its existence the young +corps was engaged in several more of the same +class of enterprise, and in all acquitted itself with<a name="Page_8" id="Page_8"></a> +quiet distinction. As, however, the history of one is +in most particulars that of another, it will not be +necessary to enter into a detailed account of each.</p> + +<div><a name="pg008" id="pg008" /></div> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/jp008.jpg" alt="Afridis on the war-path" +title="Afridis on the war-path" width="556" height="383" /></div> + +<p>The British in the Peshawur Valley, as +elsewhere in the Punjab, were in a somewhat +peculiar position. They were not administering, or +policing, the country on behalf of the British Government, +but in the name of the Sikh Durbar. In the +Peshawur Valley, in which broad term may be +included the plains of Yusafzai, the Sikh rule was +but feebly maintained amidst a warlike race of an +antagonistic faith. In the matter of the collection +of revenue, therefore, the ordinary machinery of +government was not sufficiently strong to effect +regular and punctual payment; and consequently, +when any village or district was much in arrears, it +became customary to send a body of troops to collect +the revenue. If the case was merely one of dilatoriness, +unaccompanied by hostile intent, the case was +sufficiently met by the payment of the arrears due, and +by bearing the cost of feeding the troops while the +money was being collected. But more often, dealing +as they were with a weak and discredited government, +the hardy warriors of the frontier, sending +their wives and cattle to some safe glen in the +distant hills, openly defied both the tax-collector +and the troops that followed him. It then became +a case either of coercion or of leaving it alone. +An effete administration, like that of the Sikhs, if +thus roughly faced, as often as not let the matter<a name="Page_9" id="Page_9"></a> +rest. But with the infusion of British blood a new +era commenced; and the principle was insisted +on that, where revenue was due, the villagers must +pay or fight. And further, if they chose the latter +alternative, a heavy extra penalty would fall on +them, such as the confiscation of their cattle, the +destruction of their strongholds, and the losses +inevitable when the appeal is made to warlike +arbitration.</p> + +<p>It was on such an expedition that one of the +Guides had a curious and fatal adventure. Colonel +George Lawrence, who was the British Representative +in Peshawur, was out in Yusafzai with a brigade +of Sikh troops, collecting revenue and generally +asserting the rights of government. Co-operating +with him was Lumsden with the Guides. Among +the recalcitrants was the village of Babuzai, situated +in a strong position in the Lundkwar Valley, and +Lawrence determined promptly to coerce it. His +plan of operation was to send the Guides' infantry +by night to work along the hills, so that before daylight +they would be occupying the commanding +heights behind the village, and thus cut off escape +into the mountains. He himself, at dawn, would be +in position with the Sikh brigade to attack from the +open plain; while the Guides' cavalry were disposed +so as to cut off the retreat to the right up the +valley.</p> + +<p>In pursuance of their portion of the plan of +operations, as the Guides' infantry were cautiously<a name="Page_10" id="Page_10"></a> +moving along the hills towards their allotted position, +in the growing light they suddenly came upon a +picquet of the enemy placed to guard against this +very contingency. To fire was to give the alarm, so +with exceeding promptness the picquet was charged +with the bayonet, and overpowered. At the head +of the small storming party charged a <i>duffadar</i>[1] of +the Guides' cavalry, by name Fatteh Khan. Fatteh +Khan was one of those men to whom it was as the +breath of life to be in every brawl and fight within +a reasonable ride. On this occasion he was of +opinion that the cavalry would see little or no +fighting, whereas the infantry might well be in +for a pretty piece of hand-to-hand work. "To +what purpose therefore, Sahib, should I waste +my day?" he said to Lumsden. "With your +Honour's permission I will accompany my infantry +comrades on foot. Are we not all of one corps?" +And so he went, keeping well forward, and handy +for the first encounter.</p> + +<div class="footnote">[1]<i>Duffadar</i>, +a native non-commissioned officer of cavalry, answering +to the <i>naik</i> (corporal) of infantry.</div> + +<p>As the gallant duffadar, sword in hand, dashed at +the picquet, he was from a side position shot through +both arms; but not a whit dismayed or hindered he +hurled himself with splendid courage at the most +brawny opponent he could single out. A short +sharp conflict ensued, Fatteh Khan with his disabled +arm using his sword, while his opponent, with +an Affghan knife in one hand, was busy trying to<a name="Page_11" id="Page_11"></a> +induce the glow on his matchlock to brighten up, +that the gun might definitely settle the issue. In +the course of the skirmishing between the two men +a curious accident, however, occurred. The tribesman, +as was usual in those days, was carrying under +his arm a goat-skin bag full of powder for future +use. In aiming a blow at him, Fatteh Khan missed +his man, but cut a hole in the bag; the powder +began to run out, and, as ill chance would have +it, some fell on the glowing ember of the matchlock. +This weapon, pointed anywhere and anyhow +at the moment, went off with a terrific report, +which was followed instantaneously by a still greater +explosion. The flame had caught the bag of +powder, and both the gallant duffadar and his +staunch opponent were blown to pieces.</p> + +<p>So died a brave soldier. But lest the noise +should have betrayed them, his comrades hurried on +with increased eagerness, and as good fortune would +have it arrived in position at the very nick of time. +The operation was completely successful. In due +course the Sikhs attacked in front, and when the +enemy tried to escape up the hills behind their +village, they found retreat cut off by the Guides' +infantry. Turning back, they essayed to break +away to the right; but the intention being signalled +to the Guides' cavalry, who were placed so +as to intercept the fugitives, these fell with great +vigour on the tribesmen and gave them a much +needed lesson. It was now no longer an effete Sikh<a name="Page_12" id="Page_12"></a> +administration that breakers of the law had to deal +with, but the strong right arm and warlike guile of +the British officer, backed up by men who meant +fighting.</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p>It was now the spring of 1848, and great events +were brewing in the Punjab. It was the lull between +the two stormy gusts of the First and Second +Sikh Wars. To us at this date it does not seem to +require the omniscience of a prophet, prophesying +after the event, to discover that the settlement +arrived at after the First Sikh War contained most +of the possible elements of an unpermanent nature. +The Punjab was to remain a Sikh province, with the +infant son of the Lion of the Punjab as its Sovereign; +but the real ruler of the kingdom of the Sikhs +was a British officer, Henry Lawrence, at the head +of a council of regency. To support his authority +British bayonets overawed the capital of the +Punjab, and assumed the mien of those who hold +their place by right of conquest. Attached to, +but really at the head of, the minor centres of +administration, were men like Herbert Edwardes, +Abbott, Taylor, George Lawrence, Nicholson, and +Agnew; the stamp of high-souled pioneer who +though alone, unguarded, and hundreds of miles +from succour, by sheer force of character makes felt +the weight of British influence in favour of just and +cleanly government. And acting thus honourably +they were naturally detested by the lower class<a name="Page_13" id="Page_13"></a> +of venal rulers, whose idea of government was, +and is at all times and on all occasions, by persuasion, +force, or oppression, to squeeze dry the +people committed to their charge. Ready to the +hand of a discontented satrap, sighing for the +illicit gains of a less austere rule, were the bands +of discharged soldiers, their occupation gone, who +crowded every village. It was easy to show, as +was indeed the case, that these discontented +warriors owed their present plight to the hated +English. For while one of the conditions of peace, +after the First Sikh War, insisted on the disbandment +of the greater portion of the formidable Sikh +army, the enlightened expedient of enlisting our +late enemies into our own army had not yet been +acted upon to any great extent. To add to the +danger, every town and hamlet harboured the chiefs +and people of only a half-lost cause.</p> + +<p>Thus the train of revolt was laid with an almost +fatal precision throughout the province, and only +required the smallest spark to set it alight. At the +head of the incendiary movement was the Maharani, +the wife of the late and mother of the present +infant king. Some inkling of the plot, as could +hardly fail, came to the British Resident's ears, the +primary step contemplated being to seduce from +their allegiance the Company's troops quartered at +Lahore.</p> + +<p>It was at this stage that a summons reached +Lumsden to march with all despatch to Lahore, a<a name="Page_14" id="Page_14"></a> +distance of two hundred and fifty miles. Here was +an opportunity of testing the value of a corps whose +loyalty was above question, and which from its +composition could have no sympathy with the +movement. Consequently to Lumsden and his +men was assigned the difficult and unaccustomed +duty of unravelling the plot and bringing the +conspirators to justice. Setting to work with his +accustomed readiness, and aided by one of his +<i>ressaldars</i>,[1] Fatteh Khan, Khuttuk, of whose prowess +on many a bloody field the story will in due course +be told, Lumsden with characteristic alacrity undertook +this intricate and dangerous duty. His tracks +covered, so to speak, by the unsuspicious bearing of +a blunt soldier in command of a corps of rugged +trans-border warriors, the unaccustomed rôle of a +skilled detective was carried out with promptness +and success. In the course of a very few days +some of the Guides had obtained conclusive proof +regarding three matters: that the Maharani was +at the head of the movement, that her chief agent +was the Sikh general Khan Singh, and that the +Company's troops had already been tampered with.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p>[1] <i>Ressaldar</i>, a native +commissioned officer of cavalry.</p></div> + +<p>As the plot thickened it was discovered that a +meeting of the conspirators, including fifty or sixty +men of various regiments, was to take place on a +certain night at a certain place. Lumsden patiently +awaited the event, intending with the Guides to +surround and capture the conspirators red-handed.<a name="Page_15" id="Page_15"></a> +But, on the night fixed for the meeting, a retainer +of General Khan Singh came to visit one of the +Guides, with whom he was on friendly terms, and +in the course of conversation made it evident that +his master was not easy in his mind, why not +no one could say, and that he had half determined +on flight. The man of the Guides, leaving +his friend in charge of a comrade, with commendable +acumen hastened to Lumsden and told +him the story. That officer at once saw that the +moment had come to strike, lest the prey escape. +He therefore immediately clapped the Sikh +general's retainer into the quarterguard, much +to that individual's astonishment, and promptly +parading the Guides, hurried down to the city and +surrounded Khan Singh's house.</p> + +<p>It was now past eleven o'clock, the house was in +darkness and strongly barricaded all round; the city +was that of a foreign power, and no police, or other, +warrant did Lumsden hold. But he was no man to +stand on ceremony, or shirk responsibility, nor was +he one for a moment to count on the personal risks +he ran. Finding the doors stouter than they expected, +his men burst in a window, and headed +by their intrepid officer dashed into the building. +There, overcoming promptly any show of resistance, +they seized General Khan Singh, his <i>munshi</i>[1] and a +confidential agent, together with a box of papers, +and under close guard carried them back to the<a name="Page_16" id="Page_16"></a> +Guides' camp. In due course the prisoners were +tried and conclusive evidence being furnished, and +confirmed by the incriminating documents found in +the box, General Khan Singh and his munshi were +sentenced to be hanged. This prompt dealing +served at once to check rebellion in the vicinity of +Lahore, and placed the Company's troops beyond +the schemes of conspirators.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p>[1] <i>Munshi</i>, a secretary or clerk.</p></div> + +<p>Amongst other papers found in Khan Singh's box +were some which clearly inculpated the Maharani, +and it was at once decided to deport her beyond the +region of effective intrigue. The lady was, under +arrangements made for her by the Government, at +this time residing in one of the late Maharaja's +palaces at Sheikapura about twenty-three miles from +Lahore. To Lumsden and his men was entrusted +the duty of arresting and deporting the firebrand +princess. As taking part in this mission, first +appears in the annals of the Guides the name of +Lieutenant W.S.R. Hodson, afterwards famous for +his many deeds of daring, and whose name still lives +as the intrepid and dashing leader of Hodson's +Horse. Appointed as adjutant and second-in-command +to a born exponent of sound, yet daring, +methods of warfare, his early training in the Guides +stood him in good stead in his brief, stirring, and +glorious career.</p> + +<p>In the execution of their orders Lumsden and +Hodson with the Guides' cavalry set off quietly after +dark for their twenty-three miles ride. The service<a name="Page_17" id="Page_17"></a> +was of some difficulty and of no little danger, for +not only might the Maharani's numerous partisans +make an armed resistance, but failing this they +might organise a formidable rescue party to cut off +the enterprise between Sheikapura and the Ravi. +Against any such attempt, made with resources well +within hail, the slender troop of the Guides would +naturally come in for some rough buffeting. Much, +however, to the surprise, and possibly the relief, +of the British officers, they were received not only +without any signs of hostility, but with smiles of +well-assumed welcome. The explanation of this +was that somehow news of the fate of General +Khan Singh had already reached the Maharani, +and with Eastern diplomacy she was preparing to +trim her bark on the other tack. Even to the +suggestion that she should prepare to make a +journey she raised no objection; and it was only +when she found herself on the road to Ferozepore, +and learnt that her destination was Benares, that the +courtesy and dignity of a queen gave place to +torrents of scurrilous abuse and invective such as +the dialects of India are pre-eminently capable of +supplying.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18"></a><a name="CHAPTER_II" id="CHAPTER_II" />CHAPTER II</h2> + +<h4>THE FIGHTING ROUND MOOLTAN AND AFTER</h4> + + +<p>These prompt measures, however, served only +a local and temporary purpose, effective but little +beyond striking distance of the troops stationed at +Lahore. The flame of unrest damped down here +had burst forth under a different banner at Mooltan, +where the Diwan Mulraj farmed the province under +treaty with the Sikhs. The Diwan himself was a +miserable personality, but carried away by the tide of +popular feeling, he became inextricably involved in +antagonism to the British cause by the cold-blooded +murder of Agnew and Anderson. These two +British officers, with the full consent and support of +the Sikh Durbar, had been sent to Mooltan on +special duty in connection with the voluntary abdication +of Mulraj, which had been accepted by his +suzeraine. The escort sent with the British officers +was a strong one, and, if loyal, perfectly competent +to deal with any disorders. It consisted of fourteen +hundred Sikhs, a regiment of Gurkhas, seven +hundred cavalry, and six guns.<a name="Page_19" id="Page_19"></a></p> + +<p>This seemingly formidable and carefully composed +body of troops proved, however, to be entirely +unreliable. Agnew and Anderson were, within a +few hours of their arrival at Mooltan, attacked and +severely wounded by fanatics, and no one raised +a hand to help them. Lying helpless and sorely +wounded in the temporary asylum which their +quarters afforded, they heard with dismay that +practically the whole of the escort on whom their +safety depended had gone over to the faction of +Mulraj, a faction which insisted on his remaining +in power, and which was strongly antagonistic to the +claims of British political influence. Alone amid +thousands, it remained only for these brave young +officers to offer up their lives on the altar of British +dominion.</p> + +<p>Thus strongly committed to a line of action +which was far from according with his weak and +vacillating nature, Mulraj raised the standard of +revolt, and sending the fiery cross through the +country, called on all to join in expelling the hated +foreigner, and common enemy, from the Land of +the Five Rivers. The prospects of the cause +looked bright indeed. No organised body of +British troops lay nearer than Lahore, hundreds of +miles distant; the hot season had commenced, when +the movement of regular troops encounters almost +insuperable difficulties; the whole country was +smarting under the sense of recent severe but +hardly conclusive defeat; while hundreds of petty<a name="Page_20" id="Page_20"></a> +chiefs, and thousands of soldiers, were chafing under +the thinly disguised veil of foreign sovereignty.</p> + +<p>Yet out of the unlooked for West arose a star +which in a few brief weeks eclipsed the rising moon +of national aspiration, and, shining bright and true, +helped to guide the frail bark of British supremacy +through victory to the haven of a permanent peace. +That star was an unknown British subaltern named +Herbert Edwardes. Edwardes was one of the +young officers deputed to assist the Sikhs in the +work of systemising and purifying their administration, +and was at this time engaged in the revenue +settlement of the Dera-Ismail-Khan district. One +day in June as he sat in court settling disputes, there +came to him a runner, covered with dust and sweat, +who brought to him a last message from Agnew, +as he lay wounded on his bed in Mooltan. The +message asked urgently for help, and appealed, as +the writer knew, to one who would spare no risk or +pains to furnish it. To succour the wounded British +officers was a matter which had passed beyond the +region of possibility, for the ink had hardly dried on +their message before they were murdered; but to +re-establish the prestige of the British name, to +reassert its dignity and influence, and to bring to +punishment the perpetrators of a hideous and +treacherous crime,—these tasks Herbert Edwardes +at once set before himself.</p> + +<p>Alone, save for the presence of one other Englishman, +the young British subaltern, with the sage<a name="Page_21" id="Page_21"></a> +intrepidity of ripest experience, hastily summoned +the chiefs of the Derajat and Bannu districts to his +aid, and assembled their motley followings under his +banner. He sent messengers to the friendly chief +of Bhawulpore, and called on him to join in the +crusade against Mooltan. Then after much feinting +and fencing, and greatly assisted by the stout Van +Cortlandt, Edwardes threw his army across the +Indus, at this season a roaring torrent three miles +wide, and sought out his enemy. Coming up with +him he defeated Mulraj and his army of ten +thousand men in two pitched battles, and drove him +to take refuge behind the walls of Mooltan.</p> + +<p>Accompanying Herbert Edwardes was a detachment +of the Guides, lent by Lumsden, and before the +war bent on learning their way about this portion of +the frontier, in accordance with the rôle assigned +their corps. This detachment not only joined with +natural zest in the hard fighting that fell to the share +of all, but proved of great service to the commander +as scouts and intelligence men. So far did intrepidity +and love of adventure carry them, that four <i>sowars</i>,[1] +under Duffadar Khanan Khan, rode through the +enemy's outposts, and with admirable coolness +picketed their horses, probably without excessive +ostentation, amidst the enemy's cavalry. They then +separated, and went about to see and remember +that which might be useful to their own commander +and their own comrades in the war. It is perhaps +needless to say that discovery meant instant<a name="Page_22" id="Page_22"></a> +death, yet, with the happy insolence of the born +free-lance, superb indifference carried them through +where the slightest slip would have been fatal. +Indeed, one of them, by name Mohaindin, with +nerves of steel, actually succeeded in being taken on +as an orderly by Diwan Mulraj himself, and while +acting as such was severely wounded by a round shot +from one of our own guns at the battle of Sadusam.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p>[1] <i>Sowar</i>, a native trooper.</p></div> + +<p>Meanwhile the headquarters of the Guides, under +Lumsden, were hastening down from Lahore to +give Edwardes that invaluable support which, +however meagre in numbers, stout hearts, whose +loyalty is above suspicion, afford to a harassed +commander. Joyfully were they welcomed, as one +sweltering day in June the Guides joined the little +force which was besieging an army of equal or +perhaps greater strength lying behind the growing +ramparts of Mooltan.</p> + +<p>Nor were the new arrivals long in showing their +mettle. The camp was then pitched on the right +of the <i>nullah</i> at Suraj Kund, and in this position was +much annoyed by twelve pieces of ordnance, placed +in position round the Bibi Pakdaman mosque. +These Lumsden offered to capture and silence and, +if possible, bring away. The service was carried out +with much dash and gallantry, and the guns were +captured and rendered useless, though it was found +impossible, in face of the heavy odds, to bring them off.</p> + +<p>But the siege of Mooltan, in so far as the Guides<a name="Page_23" id="Page_23"></a> +were concerned, was chiefly memorable for bringing +prominently to notice the gallant and romantic figure +of Fatteh Khan, Khuttuk. This noble fellow was +one of those Bayards of the East who know no fear, +and as soldiers are without reproach. Born of a +fighting stock and fighting tribe, cradled amidst wars +and alarms, he developed the highest qualities of +a brave, resolute, and resourceful partisan leader. +Always ready, always alert, nothing could upset his +equanimity, nothing take him by surprise, while no +odds were too great for him to face. With the +true instinct of the cavalry leader he struck hard +and promptly, and upheld in person the doctrine +that boldness, even unto recklessness, should be the +watchword of the light cavalryman. Yet this paladin +of the fight could barely write his name. It is not +every soldier who has the opportunity nowadays, as +in the days of champions, to perform a historic deed +in the open with both armies as spectators. Yet +so it happened to Ressaldar Fatteh Khan one hot +day in August, 1848, before the walls of Mooltan.</p> + +<p>Lumsden was absent on some duty; indeed, there +were only three British officers, and these took turn +and turn about in the trenches, when a messenger +galloped into the Guides' camp to report that a +marauding party of the enemy's cavalry, some twenty +strong, had driven off a herd of General Whish's +camels which were grazing near his camp. +Fatteh Khan, as ressaldar, was the senior +officer in camp, and at once gave the order for<a name="Page_24" id="Page_24"></a> +every man to boot and saddle and get to horse +at once. The little party, numbering barely seventy, +led by Fatteh Khan, followed the messenger at a +gallop for three miles to the scene of the raid. +Arrived there they suddenly found themselves confronted, +not by a marauding troop of horsemen +hastily driving off a herd of camels, but by the whole +force of the enemy's cavalry, some twelve hundred +strong. These veteran swordsmen and lancers, of +whose skill and bravery in battle we had had ample +proof during this and previous wars, had been sent +out to intercept a convoy of treasure expected in +the British camp. Having, however, failed in their +mission, they were leisurely returning to Mooltan, +when a little cloud appeared on their fighting horizon. +Some returning patrol, no doubt, they thought, +some frightened stragglers driven in perhaps, some +stampeding mules or ponies. But no! the little cloud +now discloses a little line of horsemen, tearing along +as if the devil drove. The whole mass of cavalry, +like startled deer, halted and stared at this reckless +onslaught; and while thus standing, transfixed with +astonishment, Fatteh Khan and his gallant troop of +Guides were on them.</p> + +<div><a name="pg024" id="pg024" /></div> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/jp024.jpg" +alt="Ressaldar Fatteh Khan, Khuttuk, who at the head of seventy men of the Guides' Cavalry defeated and drove into Mooltan a Brigade of Sikh Cavalry, from a picture by W. Carpenter. By kind permission of General Sir Peter Lumsden, G.C.B." +title="Ressaldar Fatteh Khan, Khuttuk, who at the head of seventy men of the Guides' Cavalry defeated and drove into Mooltan a Brigade of Sikh Cavalry, from a picture by W. Carpenter. By kind permission of General Sir Peter Lumsden, G.C.B." +width="373" height="544" /></div> + +<p>Yelling fiercely, with lance and sword the Guides +clove their way through the huddling mass of the +enemy. Then clearing, they wheeled about, and with +unabated fury fell again upon the benumbed and paralysed +foe. Not yet content, the heroic Khuttuk again +called on his men for another effort, and, rallying<a name="Page_25" id="Page_25"></a> +and wheeling about, the weary troopers and still +wearier horses once more rode down into the +stricken mass. But "God preserve us from these +fiends," muttered the demoralised Sikhs, and, assisting +their deity to answer the pious prayer, the whole +mass broke and fled, pursued up to the very walls +of Mooltan by "that thrice accursed son of perdition, +Fatteh Khan, Khuttuk," and the remnants of +his seventy Guides.</p> + +<p>Through the intense heat of the summer of 1848 +the little cluster of English officers who stood for +British dominion kept heart and energy in the siege +of Mooltan. As Edwardes described the position, +it was only a terrier watching a tiger; but it was at +any rate a good stout-hearted English terrier, and +the tiger was afraid to face it. Yet even this stout +terrier had to give way a little, when no reinforcements +arrived, and when, in September, Sher Sing, +with three thousand four hundred cavalry and nine +hundred infantry, deserted and went over to the +enemy.</p> + +<p>The siege, however, was only temporarily raised, +and was at once resumed on the arrival of a column of +Bombay troops. This reinforcement consisted of two +British infantry regiments, five Native infantry +regiments, and three regiments of Native cavalry. +With his force thus strengthened General Whish +immediately resumed the offensive, and not only +renewed the siege, but determined to take the place +by assault. In the furtherance of this project he<a name="Page_26" id="Page_26"></a> +first stormed and captured the city, many of the +buildings in which completely dominated the fort +at short effective ranges. From the coigns of +vantage thus gained the British artillery and infantry +poured a hail of shot and shell into the doomed +defences, while the cavalry hovered outside ready +to pounce on those who broke cover. Placed in +these desperate straits, and without hope of succour, +Diwan Mulraj and the whole of his force surrendered +unconditionally on the 22nd of January, 1849, after +a siege which had lasted nearly seven months.</p> + +<p>This timely success released at a critical moment, +for service elsewhere, the British forces engaged in +the siege. For meanwhile great events had been +happening in the upper Punjab, and great were yet +to come. On January 13th had been fought the +bloody battle of Chillianwalla, where the casualties +on both sides were very severe, and where the +gallant 24th Foot had thirteen officers and the +sergeant-major laid out dead on their mess-table. +Lord Gough required nearly three thousand men to fill +the gaps in his ranks before again closing with the +redoubtable Sikhs. On every count, therefore, the +news of the fall of Mooltan was received with +considerable satisfaction, and the troops recently +engaged in it with keen alacrity turned their faces +northwards to Lord Gough's assistance, in the hope +of arriving in time to throw their weight into the +balance in the closing scenes of a campaign destined +to add a kingdom to the British Empire.<a name="Page_27" id="Page_27"></a></p> + +<p>Ahead of the troops from Mooltan went +Lumsden and the Guides' cavalry, followed by +Hodson with the Guides' infantry. The corps +when re-united, before it joined Lord Gough, was +deflected for the performance of a detached duty +which brought it no little honour. It was reported +that considerable numbers of Sikh troops, under +Ganda Singh and Ram Singh, having crossed the +Chenab, were moving south-east heavily laden with +spoil, which having disposed of, they would be free +to fall on the British lines of communication.</p> + +<p>Starting in hot haste, Lumsden and Hodson took +up the trail, and by dogged and relentless pursuit, +after three days and nights of incessant marching, +came up with their quarry. They found Ganda +Singh and his following at Nuroat on the Beas +River, while Ram Singh was some miles further +on.</p> + +<p>The position taken up by Ganda Singh was in a +clump of mango trees, surrounded by a square ditch +and bank in place of a hedge, as is often the case +in the East. This formed a good natural defence, +and piling their spoil up amongst the trees, Ganda +Singh prepared to fight desperately to hold what +they had won with so much toil. The right of the Sikh +position rested on a deep and tortuous nullah, or dry +watercourse, whose precipitous sides, if properly +watched, formed an excellent flank defence; but if +unwatched they formed an equally admirable covered +approach whereby an opponent might penetrate or<a name="Page_28" id="Page_28"></a> +turn the position. The manifest precaution of +setting a watch was, however, neglected, an error not +likely to slip the attention of so skilled a campaigner +as Lumsden. Occupying, therefore, the attention +of the enemy in front by preparations for the +infantry attack under Hodson, Lumsden himself, +with the cavalry, slipped into the nullah, and working +quietly past the enemy's flank emerged on to his +rear at a spot where a friendly clump of sugar-cane +afforded further concealment till the appointed moment. +A signal was now made for Hodson to attack +vigorously in front, which he accordingly did, and +after severe fighting drove the enemy into the open. +Seizing the auspicious moment, Lumsden issued +from his shelter, and falling like a whirlwind on the +retiring enemy, literally swept them from the face of +the earth; one man only escaped to tell the tale. +Amongst the recovered loot were found the silver +kettle-drums of the 2nd Irregular Cavalry lost in the +recent fighting, and amongst the slain was Ganda +Singh. General Wheler coming up on the following +day, the combined force crossed the Beas, attacked, +and utterly routed Ram Singh, who was occupying +a strong position behind that river.</p> + +<p>These services performed the Guides turned back, +and hastening northwards arrived in the camp of +the Grand Army in time to take part in the crowning +and decisive victory of Gujrat. The battle, +according to history, was chiefly an artillery duel, the +preponderance and accuracy of our fire paving the way<a name="Page_29" id="Page_29"></a> +for a practically unchecked advance of the infantry. +The Guides, therefore, did not see much fighting +during the battle; but their turn came that night, +when, attached to Gilbert's cavalry division, they +joined in the strenuous pursuit of the Sikhs,—a +pursuit which began on the battle-field and ended at +the rocky gates of the Khyber two hundred miles +away. The first burst carried the pursuing squadrons +past the battle-field of Chillianwalla, across the +Jhelum river, capturing on the way all the Sikh +guns that had escaped from the battle-field. Snatching +a few hours' rest, Gilbert's fine horsemen +were again in the saddle, and with relentless fury +hunted the demoralised enemy, allowing him not +a moment's respite, not an hour to steady his +flight or turn to bay. Right through the bright +winter days, through a country of rocks and ravines, +pressed on the avenging squadrons; till, utterly +worn out, starving, with ammunition failing, a +dejected and exhausted majority laid down their +arms and surrendered unconditionally at Rawul +Pindi. But the Affghan Horse in the service of the +Sikhs fled still further north, hoping to escape to +their own country, and in hot pursuit of these went +the Guides, a stern stiff ride of close on a hundred +miles; and running them staunchly to the end, +they drove the sorry remnants across the Affghan +border.</p> + +<p>Thus brilliantly concluded the second Sikh War, +which, after many anxious moments and much hard<a name="Page_30" id="Page_30"></a> +fighting, resulted in adding to the Queen's domains +a kingdom larger than France or Germany and +more populous than Italy or Spain; and herein is +recorded the modest share taken by the Guides in +these great events.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31"></a><a name="CHAPTER_III" id="CHAPTER_III" />CHAPTER III</h2> + +<h4>THE CAPTURE OF THE FORT OF GORINDGHAR</h4> + + +<p>A Traveller who at this day passes Amritsar by +train will, if he looks to the south, see hard by the +formidable fortress of Gorindghar. Over its battlements +now floats the Union Jack, and on its drawbridge +may be seen the familiar red coat of the +British sentry. Should he ever pass that fort +again, he may perhaps regard it with greater +interest after reading the stirring tale of how it +was captured from the Sikhs by a handful of resolute +men of the Guides. To tell this story we must +be forgiven for forsaking strict chronology; for the +incident here narrated took place while part of +the corps was still engaged at the siege of Mooltan.</p> + +<p>Against modern artillery the fort of Gorindghar +would be of little avail, however gallantly held; but +by the standard of 1848 it was a very powerful +work. Its armament consisted of no less than eighteen +guns, while fifty-two lay stored in reserve, and its +garrison consisted of such veteran fighters as a regiment +of Sikh infantry. As may readily be under<a name="Page_32" id="Page_32"></a>stood, +without touching on strategical details, it was a +matter of considerable importance that this fort, lying +as it did on the main line of the British communications +between Umballa and Lahore, should not remain +in hostile hands. It was therefore resolved to send +back from Lahore a force to capture if possible, but +at any rate to mask, this formidable work. To +accomplish this, a considerable force was despatched +from Lahore, and in advance of it was sent a +party to reconnoitre and gain intelligence. This +party consisted of <i>Subadar</i>[1] Rasul Khan, and one +hundred and forty of all ranks of the Guides' +infantry, with orders to get along as fast as they +could. At noon, therefore, on a hot September +day the little party set off on their forty mile march +along the dusty, treeless road to Amritsar.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p>[1] <i>Subadar</i>, a native commissioned officer commanding a company +of infantry.</p></div> + +<p>Marching all that day, and the greater part of the +following night, Rasul Khan arrived in the vicinity +of the fort just as day was breaking. His orders +were to reconnoitre and find out in what state +of preparedness the garrison stood, what was its +strength in men and guns, the best means of attack, +and the most vulnerable quarter. To gain all this +useful information the most obviously complete +method was to get inside the fort itself, and this +the resourceful subadar determined to do.</p> + +<p>It must be remembered that at this time the +second Sikh war was in full swing, and that<a name="Page_33" id="Page_33"></a> +various bands of troops who had espoused +the Sikh cause were roaming the country. The +British forces, on the other hand, consisted chiefly of +drilled and organised regiments, armed, equipped, +and clothed on a regular basis, and recognisable as +such. The Guides, however, newly raised, and +living a rough and ready adventurous life in their +ragged and war-worn khaki, bore little resemblance +to these, and might to a casual observer come from +anywhere, and belong to either side.</p> + +<p>Rasul Khan was quick to perceive this point in his +favour, and take full advantage of it; for during the +long and weary night march, he had thought out his +plan. Taking three of his own men, stripping off +what uniform they had, and concealing their arms, +he had them securely bound and placed under a +heavy guard of their own comrades. As soon as it +was broad daylight, closely guarding his prisoners, +Rasul Khan marched boldly up to the main gate of +the fort, and was hailed by the Sikh sentry: +"Halt there! who are you and what is your business?"</p> + +<p>"After an exceedingly arduous pursuit, as you +may judge from our dusty and exhausted condition," +replied Rasul Khan, "we have managed to capture +three most important prisoners, on whose heads a +high price has been placed by the Sikh Durbar. +They are the most desperate ruffians, full of the wiles +of Satan, and we greatly fear lest they should escape +us. I and my troops are weary, and to guard them<a name="Page_34" id="Page_34"></a> +in the open requires so many men. Of your kindness +ask your Commandant if, in the Maharaja's +name, I may place them in your guard-room cells +until we march on again."</p> + +<p>The Sikh sentry called the <i>havildar</i>[1] of the guard, +who in turn called the Commandant, and after much +palavering and cross questioning, the drawbridge +was let down and the party admitted. The remainder +of the Guides bivouacked here and there under the +shade of the fort walls, cooked their food, and lay +about at seeming rest, but all the while as alert and +wide-awake as their extremely hazardous position +required.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p>[1] <i>Havildar</i>, a native non-commissioned officer of infantry, corresponding +to a sergeant.</p></div> + +<p>The guard-room cells were pointed out to Rasul +Khan, the prisoners thrust into them, and the escort +quietly but firmly invited to rejoin their comrades +outside the walls; for in time of war, as the Commandant +explained, it behoves every man, especially +when the safety of a great fort is concerned, to walk +warily, and treat the stranger with circumspection. +So far, beyond seeing the main entrance and the +guard-room cells, Rasul Khan had not done much +towards securing that full information about the fort, +its garrison, and its defences, which it was of such +vital importance to gain. He had, however, secured +a footing, and, while with apparent readiness +he prepared to rejoin his men outside, he politely<a name="Page_35" id="Page_35"></a> +insisted that he must leave his own sentry to guard +the prisoners; "for," as he jocularly remarked to +the Commandant, "if I don't, you will be saying that +you captured these villains, and, sending them off to +Lahore, will secure the reward my men have earned!" +The Commandant laughed heartily at this blunt +pleasantry, and partly out of good nature, and partly +to avoid all blame should the prisoners escape, +agreed to the proposal of the diplomatic subadar. +During the course of the day the utmost cordiality +was maintained, the Sikhs coming out and freely +fraternising with the Guides, who, in their casual +wanderings round, had at any rate got hold of a +fairly shrewd notion of what the outside of the fort +was like. But this was not enough for Rasul Khan, +and he laid his further plans accordingly.</p> + +<p>The cordial interchange of rough soldierly +amenities had borne its fruit, and the suspicions of the +Sikhs were completely lulled. To an alert and +resourceful soldier like Rasul Khan, a man whom +nothing in warlike strategy escaped, it occurred +amongst other things that only a single sentry with +his reliefs, under a non-commissioned officer, guarded +the main entrance. As night fell, with engaging +candour he pointed out the weakness of this arrangement +to the Commandant, and, to avoid imposing +additional guard duties on the Sikh garrison, offered, +now that his men were well rested, to place a double +sentry on the cells of the prisoners. Further, +he made the obvious suggestion that it would +be unsound, when once the drawbridge was up, to<a name="Page_36" id="Page_36"></a> +let it down each time that a relief of sentries was +required, and that therefore it would probably be +more convenient for all parties, as well as safer, if +the reliefs for the double sentry also slept in the +fort. With a whole regiment in garrison there seemed +to be no particular objection to this proposal, and it +was therefore accepted. Rasul Khan thus had at +the main gate six men and a non-commissioned +officer, not to mention three soldiers disguised as +prisoners, as against three Sikhs and a non-commissioned +officer. Be assured that he chose the bravest +of the brave for that night's work, for, when the +drawbridge was drawn slowly up that evening, it +was ten men, and three of them unarmed, against +a regiment; and short and terrible would have been +the shrift accorded to them had an inkling of +suspicion arisen, or had the slightest blunder, or +precipitation, exposed the true position.</p> + +<p>Meanwhile the force of cavalry and infantry sent +by the British Resident was hastening down from +Lahore, and Rasul Khan calculated that it would +arrive at streak of dawn next morning. He +despatched therefore two or three of his men to +meet the column, to apprise the commanding officer +of the state of affairs, urging him to make all haste +and giving him as full information as possible should +he on his arrival find that during the night disaster +had fallen on the staunch little band of Guides. +"On the other hand," the message concluded, "if by<a name="Page_37" id="Page_37"></a> +the Grace of God my plans prevail, I shall be ready +to welcome your Honour at the fort gates at +dawn."</p> + +<p>To the party inside the fort the subadar's orders +were to keep a very desultory watch over the prisoners, +thus by example discouraging any undue vigilance +on the part of the Sikh sentry; and for the rest to +await quietly their opportunity till near dawn of day. +This they did, and when the appointed hour had +arrived the double sentry of the Guides fell like the +upper millstone on that heedless Sikh sentry, and +hewed him to the ground; at the same moment +the rest of the guard was silently overpowered, +gagged, and bound. Then, arming the three prisoners +with the captured weapons, the Guides' sentries +quickly and quietly lowered the drawbridge and let +in the whole company of their comrades. Thus +collected inside, with fixed bayonets, the cavalier, +which commanded the whole of the interior of the +work, was captured; the rest was easy, and the Sikhs, +out-man[oe]uvred and placed at great disadvantage, +surrendered at discretion. It is not always that +the best laid plans succeed without a hitch, but +the fortune of war was on this occasion entirely +kind to the British cause, and the bold game played +by subadar Rasul Khan and his men reaped a +splendid reward; the capture of a formidable fortress, +seventy guns, and a regiment of infantry, with little +or no loss.</p> + +<p>When, as dawn grew stronger, the British commander +strained his anxious eyes towards the fort,<a name="Page_38" id="Page_38"></a> +to his immense relief friendly signals welcomed him, +and as the sun rose the gentle breeze flung to the +dusty haze the Union Jack, which ever since that +day has floated from the ramparts of the fort of +Gorindghar at Amritsar.</p> + +<p>It may not be without interest, as illustrating the +liberality with which soldiers in those days were +treated, to mention that, besides the official thanks +of the British Government, Rasul Khan received a +robe of honour, a gun, a brace of pistols, and five +hundred rupees, each havildar and naik fifty rupees, +and each sepoy, including the "prisoners," eleven +rupees. Nor may it be inappropriate to mention that +Rasul Khan was a brother of that same ressaldar +Fatteh Khan, who only the month before with a +handful of the Guides' cavalry had scattered as chaff +before the wind the flower of Diwan Mulraj's horsemen, +and chased them into the gates of Mooltan.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39"></a><a name="CHAPTER_IV" id="CHAPTER_IV" />CHAPTER IV</h2> + +<h4>ON THE FRONTIER IN THE 'FIFTIES.</h4> + + +<p>The Guides were now two years old, and, as an +outward and visible sign that they had won their +spurs, they were by the orders of the Government +considerably augmented. Hitherto with one troop +and two companies they had established an honoured +record; they were now raised to three troops of +cavalry and six companies of infantry.</p> + +<p>To the general historian, who can of necessity deal +only with great events, peace reigned in India from +the conclusion of the Sikh Wars to the outbreak of +the Mutiny; but there was no peace for the Guides +during those eight years. Their history is full of +hardy adventure, of forced marches, and night +attacks; of the wiles of the border free-lance, met +and overcome with equal strategy and greater skill; +of brave deeds and splendid devotion. The conscientious +scribe is tempted to enlarge on each +and all of these; but perhaps our purpose in +giving the story of the Guides will be well enough<a name="Page_40" id="Page_40"></a> +served if we content ourselves with taking only two +or three of these exploits, thus hoping to throw +some light on the life led by a regiment on the +Indian frontier in those rough days.</p> + +<div><a name="pg040" id="pg040" /></div> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/jp040.jpg" +alt="A Picquet of the Guides' Infantry bivouacking" +title="A Picquet of the Guides' Infantry bivouacking" +width="546" height="375" /></div> + +<p>Dipping haphazard into the ancient records, we +chance again on our old and gallant friend Fatteh +Khan, Khuttuk; and once again we find him a man +not easily taken aback in a sudden emergency. It was +towards the end of 1851 that the British Government, +having undertaken the surveying and mapping out +of the Peshawur Valley and Yusafzai, deputed Mr. +James, of the Survey Department, to superintend a +portion of the work. For his protection during this +duty, amongst a people fanatically opposed to anything +in the shape of a map or a survey, a +party of thirty of the Guides' cavalry was detailed +under Ressaldar Fatteh Khan. This detachment +was ordered to meet Mr. James at a small village +named Gujar Garhi, about two miles from Mardan. +Here, therefore, Fatteh Khan encamped to await +the Sahib's arrival; but the day passed, the night +fell, and still there were no signs of him. Thinking +that there must have been some mistake in the +dates, all turned in, and the camp was soon wrapped +in slumber, the silence disturbed only by the stamping +and roaring of the stallions at their standings, +and by the crisp alert call of the sentries as they +challenged.</p> + +<p>It was past midnight, when a sharp-eyed Pathan +sentry espied mistily through the darkness what<a name="Page_41" id="Page_41"></a> +looked like a large body of mounted men approaching. +Instantly a sharp peremptory challenge rang +out: "Halt! Who goes there?" Equally promptly +floated back the answering watchword, "Friend." +"What friend?" the sentry shouted, suspicious +still. "Sahib," came back the disarming reply. +Whereupon the sentry, coming to the not unnatural +conclusion that the long-expected Sahib had at +last arrived, and that he saw before him Mr. James +with a large escort, sloped his sword, and gave the +usual right of way: "Pass friend,—all's well."</p> + +<p>At this moment Fatteh Khan awoke, and hearing +the word <i>sahib</i>, jumped up, ran out of his tent, +and hastened down to the end of the camp to +meet the Sahib. He had, however, no sooner +arrived there, than he at once noticed that the +advancing horsemen were armed with matchlocks. +Now our own cavalry in those days carried swords +and lances, but not firearms, therefore these midnight +visitors could not belong to any regiments in +our service. To a man like Fatteh Khan, born to +wars and alarms, who takes little for granted in +daylight and nothing at night, this was sufficient +to place him on his guard. With instant presence +of mind he shouted, in a voice to be heard throughout +the camp: "Rouse up everyone! Draw swords! +The enemy are upon us!"</p> + +<p>Scarcely had he ceased speaking when the enemy, +throwing off further disguise, gave a yell and dashed +at the camp, firing heavily as they rode. But<a name="Page_42" id="Page_42"></a> +though taken at a great disadvantage, and with odds +of seven to one against them, the Guides made shift +to be ready for the onslaught. There was naturally +no time to get to horse, or into any regular formation, +and therefore the attack had to be met on foot +with sword and lance, in some hasty serviceable +formation. Fatteh Khan therefore shouted to all +the non-commissioned officers, who carried lances, +to dash to the front and hold the outskirts of the +camp, while the rank and file who were armed with +swords should fall into knots of five or six, and +prepare to defend themselves.</p> + +<p>Against this hardy improvised defence the fierce +attacks spent themselves like stormy waves against +outstanding rocks; yet as a proof of the heavy +fire, no tent escaped with less than ten or twelve +bullet-holes. When once, however, the first fusillade +was over, matters were on a somewhat more equal +basis, for a matchlock cannot be reloaded on horseback; +yet the odds were still great, and it took the +Guides all their time to hold their own. But the +surprise, as a surprise, having failed, the Swati +cavalry, finding so stout a resistance, began to +weaken in their endeavour. Catching the tide on +the turn, the Guides dashed forth, and became +themselves the attackers, hamstringing the horses, +and so hewing, cutting, and thrusting, that, finding +this no pigeons' nest, but rather a swarm of angry +hornets, the whole two hundred horsemen scattered +and fled.<a name="Page_43" id="Page_43"></a></p> + +<p>The loss of the Guides in this staunch little affair +proved, when all was over, to have been altogether +insignificant; while the enemy on their part, besides +leaving many dead men and horses in camp, carried +off also, as was afterwards ascertained, a goodly +number who would never throw a leg over a horse +again. The leader of the attack was the redoubtable +Mukaram Khan, one of the most daring and notable +free-lances on the border.</p> + +<p>In consequence of this and other raids it was +determined to take measures, on a considerable scale, +to discourage further efforts on the part of the border +tribes. Consequently a brigade of all arms, under +Sir Colin Campbell, moved out from Peshawur, +to punish the lawless, and to exact retribution +from those who had erred from the strict path of +peace.</p> + +<p>Amongst the various strongholds that were on the +black list, and which, unless they surrendered at +discretion, were destined to be attacked, captured, +and sacked, was the Utmankheyl fortified village of +Nawadand. Opposite this the British force sat +down with the studied deliberation of old-time warfare, +when contending armies might encamp for weeks +and months within a stone's throw of each other. +During this dignified pause, while doubtless supplies +were being collected, and negotiations proceeding +with the enemy, the British outpost line lay in full +view of, and only "one shout's distance," as the +Pathans expressively call it, from the enemy. And<a name="Page_44" id="Page_44"></a> +outside the line of infantry outposts lay a cavalry +picket of twenty men of the Guides.</p> + +<p>Thus it happened that one fine morning, in the +month of May, 1852, the enemy, whether with intent +to surprise, or merely fired with the nervous irritation +of one who can no longer stand the strain of awaiting +an impending blow, determined to hasten the +issue by taking the offensive. So collecting his +rough and ragged legions, stout of heart and stout of +arm, carrying weapons not meanly to be compared +with our own, the outlaw chief, Ajun Khan, marched +out to attack the British, and to take them unawares +in their tents.</p> + +<p>The movement was at once reported by the +British outposts, but troops take some few minutes +to arm, equip, and form up in line of battle; while +the Affghan border warrior moves with a swiftness +that may well cause panic and dismay. A young +subaltern of the Guides, Lieutenant G.N. Hardinge, +seeing how matters were trending, rode out to the +outlying picket of the Guides' cavalry, and there +took his stand. It was an anxious moment. Behind +him was the hastily arming camp, humming with the +bustle of preparation; and before him, advancing +across the stony plain, moved a line of skirmishers +backed up by closed supports, and followed by great +hordes of shouting warriors.</p> + +<p>The motionless troop of the Guides stood foremost +to meet the shock. On came the hardy tribesmen<a name="Page_45" id="Page_45"></a> +swiftly and relentlessly; but still, as he looked +anxiously back, it was plain to the British subaltern +that his comrades were not yet armed to meet the +coming storm. "We can only give them one +minute more," he said, and stout and steady +came the answer: "Yes, your Honour, one minute +more." And as they spoke each stalwart trooper +gripped his sword still tighter and, shortening +his reins, laid the flat of his thigh hard on his wiry +neighing stallion; for as of old, so now, the war-horse +scented the battle from afar.</p> + +<p>The time passed very slowly, a minute seeming +an eternity to the impatient soldiers. Fifteen +seconds—twenty seconds—thirty seconds—for—ty-five +seconds—six—ty!</p> + +<p>"Carry swords," in a serene and conversational +voice remarked the young subaltern; equally +smoothly and quietly came the order, "Walk, +march." Then, as the troop moved forward, +followed the slightly more animated command, +"Trot"; and as the excitement of coming conflict +coursed with the wild exuberance of youth through +the boy's veins, "Gallop! Charge!" he yelled, and +back came an answering shout, "Fear not, Sahib, we +are with you!" And thus was launched on the +flood of death a little band of heroes, that they +might save an army.</p> + +<p>But ever since the day when David slew Goliath, the +God of Battles has not always sided with the big battalions. +A few staunch hearts hurled fearlessly at the +foe may still, like the ancient slinger's stone, lay low<a name="Page_46" id="Page_46"></a> +the giant. So on this occasion the effect of the bold +attack was magical. Through the thin line of +skirmishers, heedless of the spluttering fire, went the +troop, like a round shot through a paper screen, +and fell like yelling furies on the clumps of swordsmen, +pikemen, and any-weapon-men, who formed +the supports. These they killed and wounded and +scattered like chaff to the wind. And then,—their +mission was accomplished! The enemy's advancing +masses wavered, halted, hesitation and dismay replacing +the confident sling-trot of a few minutes before. +The surprise had failed, the camp was saved. +Then Hardinge, his work accomplished, himself sore +wounded, the enemy's standard in his hands, rallied +his pursuing troop, and clearing to a flank left displayed +the British force drawn up and ready to +receive all comers.</p> + +<p>To see the right moment and to seize it, to +balance the profit and loss, counting one's own life +as a feather in the scales, to strike hard and bold +whatever the odds,—such are a few simple soldier +lessons, learnt not from the scribes, but from a +gallant British subaltern.</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p>While Lieutenant Lumsden was in England in +1853 the command of the Guides was given to +Lieutenant W.S.R. Hodson. This book would +not be complete without relating the story of at any +rate one of the many occasions on which this gallant +officer, afterwards so famous, showed his fine metal.<a name="Page_47" id="Page_47"></a> +The fight about to be described was one, too, in +which the many brave and devoted officers who +have been surgeons to the corps have displayed the +greatest gallantry.</p> + +<p>For high crimes and misdemeanours it was +decided to punish the large and important cluster +of villages named Bori, in the land of the Jowaki +Afridis, not far from the present military station +of Cherat. A brigade of all arms, consisting of the +22nd Foot, 20th Punjab Infantry, 66th Gurkhas (now +the 1st Gurkha Rifles), the Corps of Guides, a +squadron of Irregular Cavalry, some 9-pounder guns +on elephants, and a company of Sappers, the whole +under Colonel S.B. Boileau, was detailed for the +undertaking. The Bori villages lay in the valley of +the same name enclosed by high and rugged +mountains, making both ingress and egress in +face of practised mountaineers a most difficult +operation.</p> + +<p>The advance was led by the Guides, who, themselves +active as panthers in the hills, drove the +Afridis before them through the Bori villages and +up the precipitous mountains behind. The main +body then set to work to burn and destroy the +villages with all the food and fodder therein, and to +drive off the cattle. So far, as is often the case in +fighting these mountaineers, all had gone well; but +now came the crucial time. Afridis may be driven all +day like mountain sheep, but when the night begins to +fall, and their tired pursuers commence of necessity<a name="Page_48" id="Page_48"></a> +to draw back to lower levels for food and rest, then +this redoubtable foe rises in all his strength, and with +sword and gun and huge boulder hurls himself like +a demon on his retiring enemy.</p> + +<p>At one of the furthest points ahead was Lieutenant +F. McC. Turner, who with about thirty men of the +Guides had driven a very much superior force of +the enemy into a stone breastwork at the top of a +high peak. Here the British officer was held; not +an inch could he advance; and now he was +called upon to conform with the general movement +for retirement. To retire, placed as he was, meant +practical annihilation, so sticking to the rocks like +a limpet he blew a bugle calling for reinforcement. +Hodson, who himself was faced by great odds, +seeing the serious position of his friend, sent across +all the men he could afford to extricate him, but these +were not strong enough to effect their purpose. +Then it was that Dr. R. Lyell, the surgeon of the +Guides, took on himself to carry forward the much +needed succour. In reserve lying near him was +the Gurkha company of the Guides, and also a +company of the 66th Gurkhas under a native officer. +Taking these troops, with great dash and personal +gallantry he led them to the attack, drove back the +already exulting enemy, stormed their position, and +extricated Lieutenant Turner and his party from +their perilous position. It was a noble deed, nobly +and gallantly carried out; and when it had been +achieved, the brave fighter returned to the tender<a name="Page_49" id="Page_49"></a> +care of the wounded, and to alleviate the pains +of the dying.</p> + +<p>And now Hodson had got together the threads of +his retirement, and using one to help the other, +gradually and slowly drew back, covering the +brigade with a net of safety. Thus quietly falling +back, and meeting wild charges with ball and +bayonet, he kept the open valley till all the force +had safely passed the defile of exit. Then, while +the last of his infantry got safely to commanding +posts on the lower slopes, he himself, with the +ready resource of the born fighter, changed his +game, and from the patient rôle of the steady +infantry commander, became a cavalry leader. +Mounting his horse and calling on the Guides' +cavalry to follow him, he suddenly charged the +astonished enemy, and hurling them back with +slaughter secured for the rest of his men a peaceful +retirement. But before they laid themselves on the +hard ground, this paladin of the fight and his +staunch warriors had spent eighteen hours in desperate +warfare with little food and no water.</p> + +<p>So far as the records show this was the first +occasion on which Hodson had led a cavalry +charge, and was an auspicious opening to a cavalry +career of remarkable brilliancy,—a career which was +brought to a brave, but untimely end, only four +years later before the walls of Lucknow.</p> + +<p>Amongst other historic figures who watched this +fight, and who added their generous meed of praise,<a name="Page_50" id="Page_50"></a> +were John Lawrence, the saviour of the Punjab, +who later, as Lord Lawrence, was Viceroy of India, +Major Herbert Edwardes, now Commissioner of +Peshawur, who as a subaltern had won two pitched +battles before Mooltan, and Lieutenant-Colonel +Robert Napier, afterwards Lord Napier of Magdala +and Commander-in-Chief of the Army in India.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51"></a><a name="CHAPTER_V" id="CHAPTER_V" />CHAPTER V</h2> + +<h4>THE STORY OF DILĀWUR KHAN.</h4> + + +<p>The story of Dilāwur Khan, subadar of the +Guides, is one which kindles many a kindly memory +of the rough brave fellows who, under a sprinkling of +English officers, upheld British supremacy on +the North-West Frontier of India in the early +'fifties.</p> + +<p>When Lumsden was raising the Guides he looked +about for men who, as he expressed it, were "accustomed +to look after themselves and not easily taken +aback by any sudden emergency,"—men born and +bred to the sword, who had faced death a hundred +times from childhood upwards, and who had thus +instinctively learnt to be alert, brave, and self-reliant. +To these hardy warriors Lumsden explained the +simple doctrine that they were enlisted for three +years, had to do what they were bid, and would +receive a certain fixed salary every month for their +trouble.</p> + +<p>Soldiers of fortune and dashing young bloods from +all the countryside flocked to his standard, and so<a name="Page_52" id="Page_52"></a> +popular was the corps that there were sometimes as +many as thirty of these receiving no pay, and +maintaining themselves and their horses, while awaiting +a vacancy. And great indeed was the excitement +when Lumsden, in his bluff breezy way, would say: +"Well, here's a vacancy, and I don't for the life of +me know which of you to give it to. Come along +down to the rifle-range, and shoot it off amongst +yourselves; the best shot gets the vacancy." And +off they would go to the range, with all their +friends and relations to the fifth generation, and all +the partisans in the corps of each competitor: shooting +for the King's Prize at Bisley is a flat and tame +proceeding in comparison with this. And as each +shot was fired the friends of the competitor would +yell: "<i>Shāhbāsh</i>! Bravo! Well shot! Another bull's +eye! You will win for certain." While rival +interests would with equal emphasis discredit the +performance: "This bull's eye was certainly an +accident. God willing he will miss next time. +Bravo! let us not lose heart!"</p> + +<p>The demeanour of the winner on such occasions +would make a Master in Lunacy look grave. The +happy young fellow would jump into the air, yelling +and pirouetting, brandishing a sword, and at +frequent intervals letting off a gun, nominally into the +air, while most of his friends did likewise, embracing +and congratulating him in the intervals. Without +taking a seat amongst the Scribes and Pharisees, +it is perhaps permissible to notice that such a<a name="Page_53" id="Page_53"></a> +scene as this is in curious contrast to that to be seen +in any French or German country town when lots +are being drawn for conscription. There the +youth, who by drawing a lucky number escapes +serving his country, is congratulated, fêted, and led +in procession round the streets.</p> + +<p>One hard and fast rule, however, Lumsden made. +He would take no low caste men; he would have +naught to say to the washermen, sweepers, and fiddlers[1] +of the village; he would take only the highest, +which in this land is the fighting caste. His argument +was one which still holds good. It is not in reason +to expect the classes which for hundreds of years have +been hewers of wood and drawers of water, and for +hundreds of years have been accustomed to receive +the cuffs and kicks of their village superiors, to +face readily the fighting classes in the day of battle. +The prestige of the soldier would be wanting to +them, and prestige counts for as much in the East as +elsewhere.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p>[1] A musician in India is a low caste person.</p></div> + +<p>Yet holding these views, a brave man was a brave +man to Lumsden, be his birth or caste what it might +be. Most English-speaking people have read +Mr. Rudyard Kipling's poem about Gunga Din the +<i>bhisti</i>, or water-carrier, who by the unanimous +verdict of the soldiers was voted the bravest man +in the battle. Whether Mr. Kipling got that +incident from the Guides or not his poem does +not show, but there it actually occurred. The<a name="Page_54" id="Page_54"></a> +name of the bhisti was Juma, and so gallantly +did he behave in action at Delhi, calmly carrying +water to the wounded and dying under the most +tremendous fire, that the soldiers themselves said: +"This man is the bravest of the brave, for without +arms or protection of any sort he is in the foremost +line; if any one deserves the star for valour this +man does." And so the highest distinction open +to an Indian soldier was bestowed on Juma the +bhisti; and further, the soldiers petitioned that he +should be enlisted and serve in the ranks as a +soldier, and no longer be menially employed. Nor +was this all: in spite of his low birth, in a country +where birth is everything, he rose step by step to +be a native officer; and then to crown his glory, +in the Afghan War he again won the star for +valour, and the clasp which that great distinction +carries. But this story is not about Juma, and so +we must reluctantly leave him and get to our theme.</p> + +<p>At this time it so happened that the most +notorious highwayman and outlaw in the whole of +Yusafzai was one Dilāwur Khan, a Khuttuk of +good family belonging to the village of Jehangira, +on the Kabul River near its junction with the +Indus. Brought up to the priesthood, his wild and +impetuous nature and love of adventure could not +brook a life of sedentary ease, and therefore, like +many a spirited young blood, both before and since, +he "took to the road." In his case the step was +taken, if not actually with the sanction and blessing<a name="Page_55" id="Page_55"></a> +of his Church, at any rate with its unofficial consent. +In those days the Sikhs held by force the country of +the Faithful, and Hindus fattened on its trade. It +was no great sin therefore, indeed, an active merit, +that the sons of the Prophet, sword in hand, should +spoil the Egyptian, by night or by day, as provided +for by Allah.</p> + +<p>To recount all the adventures of Dilāwur would +fill a book, and require a Munchausen to write +it; but there was about them all a touch of +humour, and sometimes of almost boyish fun, accompanied +often by the rough courtesies of the gentlemen +of the road, which reminds one of Dick Turpin +and other famous exponents of the profession on +the highways of England.</p> + +<p>Now it so happened that it was at this time +one of Lumsden's duties to hunt down and capture +Dilāwur, who for just and sufficient cause was now +an outlaw, with a price on his head of no less than +two thousand rupees. Many a time and oft did +Lumsden and his men plan and strive, and ride +and hide, but no nearer could they get to the +capture of Dilāwur.</p> + +<p>Sitting one evening outside his tent, after yet +another unsuccessful attempt, it suddenly occurred +to Lumsden that Dilāwur must have an astonishingly +intimate knowledge of every path, nullah, +and pass in the district to thus evade capture, as +well as a remarkably efficient intelligence department, +to give him timely warning. "Just the man<a name="Page_56" id="Page_56"></a> +for the Guides," exclaimed Lumsden. "I'll send for +him." A polite note was accordingly written inviting +Dilāwur Khan to come into the Guides' camp, at +any time and place that fitted in with his other, and +doubtless more important, engagements, "to talk +matters over." At the same time a free passport +was sent which would allow of his reaching the +camp unmolested. It speaks volumes for the high +estimate which British integrity had already earned +amongst these rough borderland people, that a man +with two thousand rupees on his head could +accept such an invitation. For the same man to have +accepted a similar invitation from the Sikhs, or even +from his own countrymen, would have been an act +of culpable and aimless suicide.</p> + +<p>One fine day, therefore, Dilāwur strolled into +camp, and he and Lumsden began "to talk matters +over." After compliments, as the Eastern saying is, +Lumsden with much heartiness, and in that free and +easy manner which was his own, took Dilāwur +with the utmost candour into his confidence.</p> + +<p>"Look here, Dilāwur," said he; "you are a fine +fellow, and are living a fine free life of adventure, +and I daresay are making a fairly good thing out of +it. So far, although I have done my best, I have +failed to catch you, but catch you I assuredly shall +some day. And what do you suppose I shall do +with you when I do catch you? Why, hang you as +high as Haman,—a gentleman whose history appears +in our Good Book. Now, that's a poor ending for<a name="Page_57" id="Page_57"></a> +a fine soldier like you, and I'll make you an offer, +take it or leave it. I'll enlist you, and as many of +your men as come up to my standard, in the Guides, +and with decent luck you will soon be a native +officer, with good fixed pay, and a pension for your +old age, and, meanwhile, as much fighting as the +greatest glutton can wish for. Well, what do you +say?"</p> + +<p>Dilāwur Khan first stared, thunderstruck at the +novelty and unexpectedness of the offer; and then, +tickled with the comical side of it, burst into a roar +of laughter. It was one of the very best jokes he +had ever heard. He, an outlaw, with a price on +his head, his sins forgiven, enlisted in the Guides, +with the prospect of becoming a native officer! +"No, no," he exclaimed, "that won't do"; and, still +shaking with laughter, rose to take his leave. And +as he walked away he was followed by the hearty +and genial voice of Lumsden roaring after him: +"Mind, I'll catch you some day, Dilāwur, and then +I'll hang you, as sure as my name's Lumsden!"</p> + +<p>Lumsden, having many other matters on hand, +thought nothing more about the matter, till, +much to his surprise, one day six weeks later, who +should walk calmly into his camp, without passport +or safe conduct, or anything save serene confidence +in the British officer, but Dilāwur Khan.</p> + +<p>"I've been thinking of what you said," he began, +"and I have come to enlist, and as many of my +band as you care to take."<a name="Page_58" id="Page_58"></a></p> + +<p>"That's right," said Lumsden, with great +affability. "I thought you were a sensible fellow, +as well as a brave one. I'll take you on."</p> + +<p>"I have, however, one condition to make," +solemnly continued the outlaw.</p> + +<p>"Well, what's that?" asked Lumsden, thinking +that he was going to drive some desperate bargain.</p> + +<p>"I'll enlist on one condition," replied Dilāwur, +"and that is, I must be let off doing the goose-step. +I really can't stand about on one leg, a +laughing-stock amongst a lot of recruits."</p> + +<p>"Oh, nonsense," laughed Lumsden; "you'll +have to begin at the beginning, like everyone else. +The goose-step is one of the foundations of the +British Empire. If a king came into the army +he'd have to do it. Why, I had to do goose-step +myself! Of course you'll have to do it."</p> + +<p>So with much good-humoured laughing and +chaffing Dilāwur Khan enlisted; and for weeks +after one of the sights of Yusafzai, which notable +chiefs rode many a mile to see, was the dreaded +Dilāwur, the terror of the Border, peacefully +balancing himself on one leg, under the careful +tuition of a drill-sergeant of the Guides.</p> + +<p>Long years afterwards, when he had reached +the highest rank open to him, in one of his friendly +talks with Lumsden, he said: "Yes, Sahib, when I +enlisted I thought you were one of the most unsophisticated +persons I had ever come across. All +I took on for was to learn your tricks and strategy,<a name="Page_59" id="Page_59"></a> +and how British troops were trained, and how they +made their <i>bandobust</i>[1] for war. Directly I had +learnt these things I had intended walking off +whence I came, to use my knowledge against my +enemies. But by the kindness of God I soon +learnt what clean and straight people the sahibs are, +dealing fairly by all, and devoid of intrigue and +underhand dealing. So I stopped on, and here +I am, my beard growing white in the service of the +Queen of England."</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p>[1] <i>Bandobust</i>, lit., a tying or binding; any system or mode of regulation +discipline; arrangements.</p></div> + +<p>His early religious education had given Dilāwur +more than the average insight into the intricacies +of Mahomedan doctrine, and being possessed of ready +wit, and considerable ability in debate, he was ever +anxious to enter into doctrinarian discussions with +the <i>mullahs</i>. Their superstitions especially came in +for his lively ridicule, and a good story is told by +old native officers illustrating his views. One +day, Dilāwur with a crowd of other passengers was +crossing the Indus, which there was very deep and +rapid, in the ferry-boat. Being over-heavily +loaded, the boat, when it felt the strong current, +appeared in great danger of filling and sinking. +Then the Mahomedans on board with one accord +set up loud lamentations, and began to call upon +their saints to succour them. "Oh Ali! Oh Hosein! +Oh Káka Sahib! save us," they cried. Whereupon +Dilāwur, not to be outdone, in his turn commenced<a name="Page_60" id="Page_60"></a> +yelling and shouting vociferously: "Lumsden +Sahib! Oh Lumsden Sahib, save me!" "What +are you doing, you accursed infidel?" exclaimed +the scandalised passengers, furiously. "Why do +you supplicate Lumsden Sahib? It is enough to +sink the boat straight away." "That is easily +explained," calmly replied Dilāwur. "You are +calling on saints who have been dead for ages, while +Lumsden Sahib is alive and lives close by. Personally +I consider it more sensible to call on a living +man than on a dead saint."</p> + +<p>On another occasion his enthusiasm in the cause +of religious enlightenment nearly cost him his life. +When the Amir Dost Mahomed Khan came +to Peshawur in 1856, he was accompanied by Hafiz +Ji, a leading mullah of Afghanistan and a great +doctrinarian; to whom came the learned amongst +the Faithful, to discuss the tenets of their religion +and to listen to the wisdom of the wise. With them +came also Dilāwur, full of zeal and thirsting for +knowledge, who artlessly introduced so debatable +a subject, that the assembly was thrown into an +uproar; and lest worse things might happen unto +him, the worthy, but too enquiring, subadar was +hustled hastily forth, and requested in future to stick +to soldiering, and to avoid bringing his infernal +questions to cause discord amongst the chosen of the +Prophet. As Dilāwur afterwards pathetically remarked, +he "didn't think much of a religion which +instead of meeting argument with argument only<a name="Page_61" id="Page_61"></a> +threw stones at the head of the seeker after knowledge." +Indeed the occasion seems to have +thoroughly unsettled him in the convictions of his +youth, for shortly afterwards he finally shook off all +connection with the Mahomedan religion, and +turning Christian was baptised at Peshawur in 1858.</p> + +<p>During the Mutiny he did excellent service, +making the famous march to Delhi with the Guides, +and serving with them throughout the siege and +storming of that place. He served also in the +many skirmishes which occurred on the frontier +during the next twelve years, getting what he +had bargained for on joining, plenty of fighting. +And then came that call of duty which asked of the +staunch old warrior to lay down his life for the +foreign Queen whose good servant he was.</p> + +<p>In 1869 the British Government wanted a man +to go on a special and important mission, a man +of infinite resource, well educated, hardy and brave, +for he would need to carry his life in his hands +for many a long day and many a weary mile. +The man selected was Dilāwur Khan, and joyfully +he undertook the risks and excitement of the +service. With him went a comrade, Ahmed Jan, +also of the Guides. The two set forth together, +and after many hardships and adventures had +reached the territory of the Mehtar of Chitral, and +were nearing the completion of their task. Seated +one day under a tree, making their midday halt +and chatting with some fellow travellers, they were<a name="Page_62" id="Page_62"></a> +suddenly surrounded by the soldiers of the Mehtar +and hurried back under close guard to Chitral. +Seeing danger ahead, Dilāwur, before he was +searched, managed to drop into the river certain +documents and reports of a secret nature, which it +was important should not fall into strange hands.</p> + +<p>On arrival at Chitral he and his companions +were thrown into prison, there to await the +Mehtar's pleasure. When eventually they were +brought before him, that chieftain, addressing +Dilāwur, asked, "Who are you and whence +come you?" "I am the Mullah Dilāwur," replied +the prisoner, "on my way from Bokhāra on a +religious mission."</p> + +<p>"No, you are not," replied the Mehtar; "you +are Subadar Dilāwur of the Guides, a heretic and +an infidel."</p> + +<p>"Quite true," answered Dilāwur readily; "I was +at one time a subadar of the Guides, but I have +been many things in my time, and now I am a +mullah."</p> + +<p>"I have reliable information," said the Mehtar, +"that you are in the secret employment of the +British Government."</p> + +<p>"Go to," laughed Dilāwur, "what next? I have +a proposal to make. If you doubt that I am a +mullah, and not an ignorant one, be pleased to call +together all your most learned priests and I will +discuss doctrine with them, till all are convinced."</p> + +<p>"If you will confess and tell me the secrets of the<a name="Page_63" id="Page_63"></a> +Government," replied the Mehtar, "I will give you +a handsome present and take you into my service."</p> + +<p>"I have no secrets," said Dilāwur, "and I beg +of your Highness to allow me to proceed on my +way. On my arrival at the <i>ziarat</i>[1] of the Káka +Sahib near Nowshera I will make a special offering +on behalf of your Highness, and extol your +generosity."</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p>[1] <i>Ziarat</i>, cemetery.</p></div> + +<p>But the Mehtar evidently had very straight +information regarding Dilāwur, and it was the +custom of the land to kill all strangers who could +not account for themselves, and more especially +those who had any connection with the dreaded +Feringhis. For the Pathan saying is: "First comes +one Englishman, as a traveller or for <i>shikar</i>;[2] then +come two and make a map; then comes an army +and takes the country. It is better therefore to kill +the first Englishman." Dilāwur was consequently +sent back to prison, and a meeting of the mullahs +decided that he should be stoned to death as an +apostate. "It must be the will of God," said this +brave man when the news was brought him, and +prepared to meet his fate.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p>[2] <i>Shikar</i>, sport.</p></div> + +<p>But not yet was his time fulfilled. For two +months he and his travelling companions were kept +in prison, probably to enable the Mehtar to correspond +with his agents in Peshawur. The reply +received was evidently not in favour of extreme<a name="Page_64" id="Page_64"></a> +measures for the strong arm of the British was +notoriously far-reaching, and serious trouble might +ensue if the subadar were killed. The Mehtar +therefore decided to release the prisoners, and to +give them such assistance as they needed in getting +away.</p> + +<p>On their way towards India the little party got +as far as the great range of mountains, some twenty-four +thousand feet in height, which divide Chitral +from Bajaur, and attempted to cross it by the Nuksan +Pass, the Pass of Death. For four days and nights +they struggled on, through the ever deepening snow +and ever increasing cold. Dilāwur Khan's comrade, +Ahmed Jan, was the first to die; and then, on the +fourth night, the brave old soldier himself gave out, +and as he was dying he called to him one of the +survivors, and said: "Should any of you reach India +alive, go to the Commissioner of Peshawur and say +'Dilāwur Khan of the Guides is dead'; and say also +that he died faithful to his salt, and happy to give +up his life in the service of the Great Queen."</p> + +<p>So he died, and the eternal snows cover as with +a soft and kindly sheet the rugged soldier who knew +no fear. The serene and majestic silence of the +mountain is given to him whose life in the plain +below had been one great and joyous fight from the +cradle to the grave.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65"></a><a name="CHAPTER_VI" id="CHAPTER_VI" />CHAPTER VI</h2> + +<h4>THE GREAT MARCH TO DELHI</h4> + + +<p>For the Guides the great tragedy of 1857 opened +with the mutiny of the 55th Native Infantry. When +this regiment first showed signs of insubordination +it was quartered at the neighbouring cantonment of +Nowshera, then slenderly garrisoned by British +troops, but with many European women and children. +For safety's sake it was therefore thought better to +isolate the regiment by sending it over to Mardan. +With the news of the outbreak at Meerut the +demeanour of the regiment became more sullen and +menacing, and it was accordingly decided at once to +disarm the sepoys. For this purpose a column was +sent from Peshawur, consisting of a wing of the +70th Foot, a portion of the 5th Punjab Infantry +under Vaughan, two hundred and fifty sabres of the +10th Irregular Cavalry, and some Mounted Police; +the whole under Colonel Chute of the 70th Foot, +with John Nicholson as political officer.</p> + +<p>The 55th Native Infantry had been warned that the +column was coming, and when, from the walls of the<a name="Page_66" id="Page_66"></a> +fort, they saw it approaching, they broke and fled, +taking the Kātlung road, thus hoping to escape across +the border into Swat and Buner. Nicholson with the +cavalry and mounted police immediately started in +pursuit. The cavalry, themselves disaffected, did +no execution whatever; but the police behaved with +great dash and gallantry, killing one hundred and +twenty, and capturing one hundred and fifty of the +mutineers. The remainder escaped across the border, +but their fate was only postponed. Some were +murdered by the tribesmen, some driven back into +British territory, captured and hanged, and some were +blown from guns before the eyes of the garrison of +Peshawur. Of the whole regiment all were +destroyed except a few scores who escaped the +gallows and the guns to suffer transportation for life. +Such was the terrible ending of the 55th Native +Infantry; a signal and, as it proved, a most effective +warning, the results of which were felt over the whole +of the north-west corner of India.</p> + +<p>A distressing and pathetic tragedy resulted from +the mutiny of this regiment. Colonel Henry +Spottiswoode who commanded it, like so many other +officers, absolutely refused to believe in the disloyalty +of his men. He was one of those who held the view +that distrust bred disaffection, which with confidence +would never appear. So deeply distressed was this +chivalrous officer when his regiment rebelled, that +he refused to outlive what to him was an indelible +disgrace, and so, going apart, shot himself dead.<a name="Page_67" id="Page_67"></a> +According to an old soldier, then in the Guides, +he fell and was buried under a great mulberry tree +at the cross-roads near the fort.</p> + +<p>Meanwhile, the Guides, at six hours' notice, fully +equipped, horse and foot, had started on their +historic march to Delhi. They left Mardan at +six in the evening of May 13th, and joined the +British force at the siege of Delhi early on June 9th. +The distance is five hundred and eighty miles, +and the time taken was twenty-six days and +fourteen hours; but from this must be deducted five +days and nine hours made up as follows: detained +forty-two hours at Attock, holding the fort pending +the arrival of a reliable garrison; detained forty-one +hours at Rawul Pindi, pending the question as to +whether the Guides were to be employed to disarm +the native artillery; detained forty-six hours at +Karnal by the magistrate, in order to attack, +capture, and burn a hostile village lying twelve miles +off the road. If, therefore, these halts "by order" +are deducted, it will be found that the Guides took +actually twenty-one days and five hours to march five +hundred and eighty miles. This works out to an +average of over twenty-seven miles a day. As a +contemporary historian remarks, such a feat would be +highly creditable to mounted troops, and was doubly +so to the infantry portion of the corps. To add to +the credit of this high achievement, it may be added +that the march took place at the hottest season of +the year through the hottest region on earth.<a name="Page_68" id="Page_68"></a></p> + +<p>The record of a march along the Grand Trunk +Road of India does not lend itself to much picturesque +description, but perhaps it may be in this +case of some interest to follow the stern resolve and +steady endurance which carried the stout-hearted +regiment through those never-ending miles along the +straight and scorching road to Delhi. And in this +endeavour we are singularly fortunate in having for +reference a diary written from day to day by Henry +Daly, who, in the absence of Lumsden on a special +mission, commanded the corps. [1]</p> + +<div class="footnote">[1] <i>Memoirs of General Sir Henry Dermot Daly, G.C.B., C.I.E.;</i> by +Major H. Daly. London, 1905.</div> + +<p>The first night's march took the Guides sixteen +miles to Nowshera, where after barely two hours' rest +came orders to push on to Attock, another eighteen +miles. To add to the hardships of this march, it so +chanced that the Mahomedan fast of Ramzan was +in observance, during which no follower of the +Prophet may eat or drink between sunrise and +sunset. Parched, hungry, and weary, the thirty-four +mile march was completed, and the Indus +crossed at ten in the morning of the 14th of May.</p> + +<p>Halting by order forty-two hours at Attock, to allow +of the arrival of a relief garrison, the Guides pushed +on thirty-two miles to Burhan, on the night of the +15th—16th, in the midst of a violent dust storm. +Many of the men were very footsore from their long +march of the previous day, but all were cheerful and +light-hearted, making naught of their hardships.<a name="Page_69" id="Page_69"></a></p> + +<p>Another thirty-two mile march brought the corps to +Jāni-ki-Sang, and took them the next morning fifteen +miles in to Rawul Pindi. On the road Herbert +Edwardes passed the corps, and drove Daly on into +Rawul Pindi, there to meet the great hearts of the +Punjab, John Lawrence, Neville Chamberlain, and +John Nicholson.</p> + +<p>A day was spent here in consultation on the broad +aspect of affairs, and locally as to the advisability, +or otherwise, of using the Guides to disarm the native +artillery in garrison. Finally it was decided not to +do so, and thus with the gruff but kindly farewells of +John Lawrence, and the light-hearted chaff and high +spirits of Herbert Edwardes, Daly and his men +again set forth, and on the night of the 19th—20th +made a twenty mile march to Mandra. There was +no falling off in the cheerful endeavour, nor was any +man so tired or footsore that he would be content +to be left behind.</p> + +<p>The next march brought the corps to Sohawa, +twenty-four miles, made trying by hot scorching +winds and the deep and intricate nullahs which had +to be crossed. Then followed twenty-eight miles, +and in delightful contrast the vicinity of great rushing +waters made a little heaven of the camp on the +banks of the Jhelum. But it was not for long; at +dusk trumpets and bugles again sound the advance, +and amidst a great storm of dust and rain the second +of the great rivers of the Punjab is crossed, and in +addition to the great difficulty and delay of a night<a name="Page_70" id="Page_70"></a> +passage, yet another twenty-one miles are added +to the marching score before daylight. The 24th +being a cooler day, Daly resolved to push on another +fifteen miles to the Chenab, and to cross that river +during the course of the night. This was safely +accomplished, and by early morning on the 24th all +were on the eastern bank at Wazirabad. That night +the men were called upon for another thirty-two +mile march, and daylight saw them at Kamoké. +Resting all day nightfall again found them on the +road completing another thirty miles into Lahore, +the capital of the Punjab. The hour was six in the +morning, and the date the 26th of May, from which +it will be seen that the Guides had so far covered +two hundred and sixty-seven miles in ten and a +half marching-days.</p> + +<div><a name="pg070" id="pg070" /></div> +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/jp070.jpg" +alt="A Scout of the Guides' Cavalry warning his Infantry Comrades. The small man on the right is a Gurkha" +title="A Scout of the Guides' Cavalry warning his Infantry Comrades. The small man on the right is a Gurkha" +width="534" height="383" /></div> + +<p>At Lahore Daly picked up some recruits to replace +casualties, as well as to have a few in hand to meet +future vacancies. Marching on, the banks of the +Sutlej, close to the battlefield of Sobraon, forty-three +miles from Lahore, were reached early on the 29th, +and the passage of this, the fifth great river of the +Punjab, was at once commenced. Then on again at +dusk thirty-two more miles to Mihna; a more than +usually trying march this, for a cross-country road +caused many to lose their way, and it was twenty-four +hours before all the baggage was in. This +necessitated making the next a short march, in order +that all might get into trim again; so at midnight, +at the fourteenth milestone, Daly called a halt,<a name="Page_71" id="Page_71"></a> +and all slept the sleep of those who have endured +much. June 1st saw the corps march into Ludhiana +at three in the morning, after covering twenty-four +miles. Here all was silence, and the officers, using +the lowest step of the court-house as a pillow, slept +soundly till dawn.</p> + +<p>A pleasant restful day in the great cool house of the +Deputy Commissioner, Mr. Ricketts, with such +unheard of luxuries as cold water and iced ginger-beer +to drink, and cool sheets to lie on, put fresh +vigour into the little band of British officers, and off +they went at half-past seven in the evening for a +twenty-eight mile march to Alawi-ke-Serai. +Another march, next night, of the same distance +brought the corps to Rajpoora. They were now +close to Umballa, and another night march brought +them, at one in the morning of June 4th, to the +deserted cantonment.</p> + +<p>Here they were received in friendly fashion by the +troopers of the Maharaja of Patiala, who had been left +in charge, and were conducted to a grove of great +trees near a tank, probably in the vicinity of the +present racecourse. After a good day's rest under +the trees the march was continued to Pipli, twenty-six +miles, where a letter was received from Mr. +Barnes, the Commissioner, giving news of the +force at Meerut, and inferring that they were not +much more than holding their own.</p> + +<p>At Karnal, twenty-four miles onward, and now +nearing their goal, two causes of delay crossed their<a name="Page_72" id="Page_72"></a> +path. Cholera, that ancient scourge of the East +which finds its easiest prey when men are physically +impoverished with great exertions, now attacked the +dusty road-worn corps, three Gurkhas being the first +victims, while seven or eight more men were down +the same evening. At the same time came a call +from Mr. Le Bas, the magistrate, strongly backed +by Sir Theophilus Metcalfe, to turn aside in order +to burn a mutinous village. Greatly demurring at +any delay in reaching his main objective, the demand +was so urgent that Daly felt bound to comply with +it. His compliance cost him small loss, but the delay +cost the British cause the help of the Guides at the +battle of Budlika-Serai. Though too late for that +fight, however, they were in time for many another +before the walls of Delhi.</p> + +<p>The moral effect of the arrival of the Guides in +Delhi was perhaps in some measure greater even +than the actual fighting strength thus brought into +line. The fame of the march from the far distant +frontier, the fine physique and martial bearing of +soldiers drawn from warlike tribes new to the +eyes of their British comrades, the encouraging +and enheartening effect of the arrival of reinforcements +however small, all tended to give the +approach of the travel-stained Guides a high significance. +Some such thought perhaps intuitively +occurred to all; and every soldier who could claim +to be off duty rushed to the dusty road-side, and +hoarsely cheered the gallant fellows who had overcome<a name="Page_73" id="Page_73"></a> +so much to reach the side of their British +comrades, hard set to uphold the great Empire of +Clive and Warren Hastings. It is interesting, +at this distance of time, to find recorded the +impression of an eye-witness who was amongst +those who watched and cheered as the Guides, +after a last thirty mile march, strode manfully into +the camp at Delhi, on this, the morning of the +9th of June, 1857. "Their stately height and +martial bearing," says this onlooker, "made all +who saw them proud to have such aid. They +came in as firm and light as if they had marched +but a single mile."</p> + +<p>At the end of this great march rest and peace +for a day or two had assuredly been earned. But +no; as the Guides approach the historic Ridge, +a staff officer, sent out to meet them, gallops up, and +after giving friendly greeting, with the General's +compliments, asks, "How soon will you be ready +to go into action?" "In half an hour," is the +gallant Daly's cheery reply. And thus it came +about that history added one more touch of +glory to a great achievement. A little space of +time there was for partial rest and hard-earned +food, and then the trumpet calls to seize their +arms and face the foe they had come so far to +fight. And in that fight both horse and foot +showed great and glorious valour; but when +evening came, and beaten back the rebels hid +behind the walls of Delhi, the roll-call told its<a name="Page_74" id="Page_74"></a> +sad undying story. Full many a Guide had made +that strenuous march but to lay down his life e'er +yet he had pitched his tent. And brightest lights, +as was meet, amidst these heroes, were the little +band of British officers, for of those, in that one +first fight, all were killed or wounded. Amongst the +latter was the lion-hearted, ever-cheerful Daly; and +amongst the former the first of the great soldier-name +of Battye to die a soldier's death. And as he +died in that great agony his face lit up, and calm and +smooth came the grand old Roman verse:</p> + +<div style="text-align: center"> +Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori.<br /> +</div> + +<p>The story of the Guides before Delhi is the story +of all that gallant band who through the blazing heat, +'midst sickness and disease, fought the good fight +right through the summer of 1857, and with them +shared in the crowning glory of the final assault and +capture of the capital of the Great Mogul. Hence +after a few months' harrying and chasing of rebel +bands, with sadly diminished numbers, but still stout +of heart, the order came for the Guides to return +to their home on the distant frontier.</p> + +<p>In the midst of so much treachery, such dastardly +deeds of murder and rapine, the bright light of +unwavering fidelity, sealed and confirmed by surpassing +gallantry in the field, so appealed to the hearts +of the storm-pressed Englishmen, that the Guides +received little short of an ovation when they returned +to Peshawur. By order of Major-General Sir<a name="Page_75" id="Page_75"></a> +Sidney Cotton the whole of the garrison was +paraded to receive the shattered remnants of that +war-worn corps. On their approach a royal salute +was fired by the artillery, and cavalry and infantry +came to the salute while the massed bands played. +The General then made a most eloquent and affecting +address, welcoming the corps back to the +frontier, and expressing the pride and honour felt +by all in being associated with men whose deeds of +daring had earned for themselves and their noble +profession undying fame. They had taken six +hundred men to Delhi and their casualties had +reached three hundred and fifty. During the siege +the whole strength in British officers had been +renewed four times, and all these had been killed +or wounded. One officer indeed had been wounded +six times and yet survived, another four times, and +others at least twice.</p> + +<p>After his stirring speech, the General called for +three cheers for the little band of ragged and war-worn +heroes, who stood before them. A <i>feu de joie</i> +accompanied by a salute of twenty-one guns was +then fired, and after this the Guides, taking the +place of honour at the head of the line, marched +past the flag.</p> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76"></a><a name="CHAPTER_VII" id="CHAPTER_VII" />CHAPTER VII</h2> + +<h4>TWENTY YEARS OF MINOR WARS</h4> + +<p>Short breathing space, and little of the rest of +peace awaited the Guides on their return from +Delhi. Within two months they were again taking +the field, under Sir Sidney Cotton, against the +Hindustani fanatics of Sittana.</p> + +<p>These fanatics, as they were called, were really +refugees from British territory, for the most part deserters +from corps that had mutinied, or outlaws who +had participated in some unforgivable outrage; some, +however, were clean-handed patriots, who, on +principle, refused to bow to the decree of destiny, +or to become peaceful subjects of the Queen. If the +latter had remained quiet and inoffensive members +of tribes or communities beyond our borders, the +British Government, never vindictive, would probably, +as the heat and passions of a desperate war +died down, have left them to their solitude. But +instead of thus living peaceably in the asylum they +had found, they set about inciting their hot-blooded +neighbours to join them in disturbing the peace of<a name="Page_77" id="Page_77"></a> +the border. They harried villages, drove off cattle, +killed and wounded British subjects, and thus +became an additional disturbing feature on a frontier +always ready enough for the pleasure of a good +fight. The opportunity was therefore taken of the +presence of Sir Sidney Cotton's column to make them +feel that the strong hand of the British Government +could reach them even in their mountain fastnesses.</p> + +<p>With the co-operation of a force from the Hazara +district Sittana, the stronghold of the Hindustanis, +was skilfully surrounded, and a fierce hand-to-hand +conflict ensued. Their Pathan allies, whose hearts +were evidently not in the business, showed but lukewarm +enthusiasm, and escaped as best they could; +but the Hindustanis stood to a man. They fought +like fanatics, coming boldly and doggedly on, and +going through all the preliminary attitudes and posturing +of the Indian prize-ring. Their advance was +made steadily and in perfect silence, without a shout +or a word of any kind, unlike the yelling charge of the +Afghan <i>ghazi</i>. All were dressed in their bravest and +best for the occasion, as is meet for him who goes to +meet his Lord, most of them in pure white, but +some of the leaders in richly embroidered velvet +coats. The fight was short, desperate, and decisive; +and in the end every one of these brave, +if misguided, warriors was killed or captured. The +brunt of the charge fell on the 18th Punjab Infantry, +who lost one officer and sixteen men in the encounter.<a name="Page_78" id="Page_78"></a></p> + +<p>Many another fight too did the Guides have during +the next few years with unvarying success, +but we may perhaps pass the less important by, and +come to the stiff encounter that faced them during the +expedition against the Mahsud Waziri tribe in 1860.</p> + +<p>The British force operating in that country had in +the course of the campaign been split up into two +columns; one under Sir Neville Chamberlain[1] had +gone forward, lightly equipped, into the Waziri fastnesses; +while a weaker column, some one thousand +five hundred strong under Lumsden and including +the Guides, was left at Pallosin to guard camp, +equipage, and stores. Knowing the enemy he had to +deal with, and his predilection for, and skill in +executing the unexpected in war, Lumsden drew in his +camp, so as to make it as snug and defensible as possible, +and putting out strong picquets with their +supports all round, he awaited the few days' absence +of the main column. During the interval no signs +of the enemy could be seen, nor could any news of +him be obtained by means of spies. To all intents +and purposes he seemed to have disappeared, and the +little column lay, apparently unnoticed and unheeded, +amidst the great mountains. Yet suddenly, from +anywhere, from nowhere, from the very bowels of +the earth, the Waziris rose in their thousands, and +hurled themselves at the British camp.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p>[1] Afterwards Field-Marshal Sir Neville Chamberlain, G.C.B., &c.</p></div> + +<p><i>Réveille</i> was just sounding in the grey dawn of +April 23rd, when three thousand Waziris armed with<a name="Page_79" id="Page_79"></a> +swords and guns, and fired with fierce fanaticism, +boldly charged that side of the camp which was held +by the Guides. The storm first fell on the outlying +picquets, who fired a volley, and then received the +great rush of white-robed swordsmen on their +bayonets. They fought with the utmost gallantry, +but the weight of numbers was against them, and in +a few minutes, standing bravely at their posts, they +were practically annihilated. Yet the strife was not +in vain, for it was strong enough to cause all but +the bravest of the brave to pause before proceeding +to attack the kernel of the nut, whose shell had +been so hard to crack. And thus it came about +that only five hundred of the three thousand +swordsmen faced the death beyond. These, with +scarce a pause, and calling loudly on Allah to give +them victory, swept swiftly on to the camp of the +Guides. In that war-seasoned corps, half an hour +before dawn, wet or dry, in freezing cold or tropical +heat, the inlying picquet, a hundred strong, falls +in, and stands silent, fully equipped, armed, and +ready for all emergencies, till broad daylight shows +all clear and safe. At the first sound of the firing +Lumsden jumped to his feet, and taking this inlying +picquet, rushed out of camp at its head, and +so posted it as to enfilade and hold in check the +great body of Waziris who now darkened the skyline. +Then, hastening back to camp, he reached +it almost abreast of the five hundred, who were not +to be denied.<a name="Page_80" id="Page_80"></a></p> + +<div><a name="pg080" id="pg080" /></div> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/jp080.jpg" +alt="A non-commissioned officer of the Guides' Infantry" +title="A non-commissioned officer of the Guides' Infantry" +width="396" height="565" /></div> + +<p>Now commenced the very babel of conflict; +horses and mules neighing and screaming and +straining at their ropes, dogs barking, men yelling, +the clash of swords, the rattle and crash of musketry, +the screams of the wounded and the groans of the +dying. Was ever such a pandemonium? The +Guides in small knots, though hard stricken, fought +with determined courage; but they were gradually +driven back, inch by inch, till they were almost on +to the guns parked in the rear. Then came to the +rescue the keen resource and ready courage of the +British subaltern. Borne back in the rush were +Lieutenants Bond and Lewis of the Guides; but in +the awful din and confusion they could at first do little +else but defend themselves. Gradually, however, they +formed the few men near them into a rough line, and +by dint of shouting and passing the word along, +succeeded in getting more men to catch the notion; +till in a few minutes they had the best part of two +hundred men in line right across the camp. Then came +the order passed along with a roar, "Fix bayonets!" +This order was in fact superfluous, for every man +was already busy holding his own with his bayonet; +but there is a certain sequence in military orders, +which in times of confusion tend to steady the +nerves with the cool touch of drill and discipline. +The sequence of the order "Fix bayonets!" is +"Charge!" When that sequence came a wild +cheer echoed down the line of the Guides; as +one man they leaped forward, and with thrust and<a name="Page_81" id="Page_81"></a> +staggering blow cleared the camp of the enemy. +As they retreated the 4th Sikhs and 5th Gurkhas +took them in flank, and in a few minutes turned a +repulse into a headlong flight. The enemy left +one hundred and thirty-two dead on the ground, +ninety-two of whom were in the Guides' camp, and +carried off immense numbers of wounded and dying. +The Guides lost thirty-three killed and seventy-four +wounded.</p> + +<p>This was Lumsden's last fight at the head of the +Guides. Now a Lieutenant-Colonel and a Companion +of the Bath, his promotion was assured, and +it came with his transfer to the command of the +Hyderabad contingent, with the rank of Brigadier-General. +This fine soldier from the raising of the +corps in 1846 had held command of it for sixteen +years; the brightest example of what a brave, +chivalrous, and resourceful leader should be. Commanders +of regiments come and go, and few leave +their mark; but over the Guides the influence of +Lumsden still burns bright and clear. To be alert +and ready; to rise equal to the occasion, be the +call small or great; to be not easily taken aback +in a sudden emergency; to be a genial comrade +and a good sportsman,—such are the simple soldier +maxims left to his comrades by one of the best +soldiers who ever drew sword.</p> + +<p>The extraordinary devotion felt for Lumsden by +the rude warriors whom he had enlisted and trained +to war was somewhat pathetically, if quaintly, illus<a name="Page_82" id="Page_82"></a>trated +by an incident that occurred not long +before he left. Sir John Lawrence, then Lieutenant-Governor +of the Punjab, had been round to inspect +the Guides, for in those days they were not under +the orders of the Commander-in-Chief, but directly +under the Civil Government. Something in the +course of the day had occurred to put Sir John +Lawrence out of humour, and he was at all times +a man of blunt speech. Whatever it was, it temporarily +annoyed Lumsden, and quite unwittingly +this became evident to the faithful fellows who were +ready to charge into hell-fire at his order. It was +a mere passing cloud, for the cheery bright-hearted +Lumsden was no man to brood over small matters +of this sort. As, however, he sat out under the stars +smoking his last pipe, he became aware of a figure +in the background, and turning round saw one of his +orderlies respectfully standing at attention.</p> + +<p>"Hullo! What's up?" asked Lumsden.</p> + +<p>"It is only this," replied the orderly, one of the +rough warriors who took orders only from his own +sahibs, and cared not a jot for any other man, +black or white. "It is only this, Sahib: I and my +comrades noticed that the Lord Sahib spoke to-day +words that were not pleasing to your Excellency, +and that you were angry and displeased when you +heard them. So we have consulted together as to +how best we may serve the proper end; for it is not +right and proper that we should allow our Colonel +Sahib to be harshly spoken to by anyone. There is,<a name="Page_83" id="Page_83"></a> +therefore, this alternative: the Lord Sahib has +arranged to leave by the straight road to-morrow +morning for Peshawur, but with your honour's kind +permission, and by the Grace of God, there is no +reason whatever why he should ever reach it." +That man thoroughly meant what he said, and +to this day the same touching devotion of the men to +their officers, though perhaps less bluntly expressed, +is still one of the characteristics of the Guides.</p> + +<p>Many years afterwards Lord William Beresford, +when Military Secretary to the Viceroy, was fond +of telling a story not only illustrative of the personal +equation which would cause one of the rough and +ready old soldiers to refuse obedience to any +but his own officers, but also giving a somewhat +embarrassing illustration of a sentry adhering too +literally to his orders. Lord William was somewhat +annoyed at the time; but when cooler, he saw the +sound military spirit underlying the incident, and +hence always mentioned it with commendation.</p> + +<p>It appears that as the Guides' cavalry were +marching in to Rawul Pindi for a concentration of +troops, just before they reached their camping-ground +they passed a pond by the roadside. The +officer commanding turning round, called one of the +men to him and said: "Go, stand sentry on that +pond, and don't let anyone water there, till we have +watered our horses."</p> + +<p>"Very good, your Honour," replied the trooper, +and went and posted himself.<a name="Page_84" id="Page_84"></a></p> + +<p>What the commanding officer really meant was, +not to allow cattle and transport animals to dirty +the water before the horses came down to drink; +but he did not express himself very clearly.</p> + +<p>Shortly after the sentry had taken up his beat a +string of horses, headed by a gorgeous being in +a scarlet uniform, appeared, making for the pond.</p> + +<p>"Hullo! you there, where are you going?" +shouted the sentry.</p> + +<p>"Going?" repeated the gorgeous being, superciliously. +"Why, to water my horses, you stupid +fool."</p> + +<p>"No you don't," said the sentry; "no one waters +here till the Guides have finished with it."</p> + +<p>The gorgeous person nearly fell off his horse with +astonishment, and when he found speech he replied: +"Cease prattling, son of an impure mother! These +are the Great Lord's horses, and can of course water +where and when they choose."</p> + +<p>"I don't care a quarter of an anna whose horses +they are, but they don't water here. So, out of this, +you mis-begotten son of a red-coated ape, or I'll give +you something to help you along." And the sentry +quietly pulled out a cartridge, and began leisurely +fitting it into the breech of his carbine.</p> + +<p>This was not at all to the red-coated gentleman's +liking. To trot behind his Lord, richly caparisoned +and splendidly mounted, was one thing; but to meet +an infernal fellow who deliberately fitted a cartridge +into his carbine to defend his post, was a<a name="Page_85" id="Page_85"></a> +matter not lightly to be undertaken. Accordingly +he galloped off to fetch his native officer. When +this officer arrived he was much enraged, and +roundly abused the sentry, calling him every name +under the sun, and casting the gravest reflections on +the whole of his ancestors, especially on the female +side.</p> + +<p>But the sentry stood like a block of wood, and +when the other had finished answered: "I don't +know who you are, and don't care; and for the +present you may talk as much as you like, though +when I am at liberty I also shall have a few words +to say. But I am sentry here on this pond, and my +orders are such and such, and I mean to obey them. +The first man who tries to force me I hit with a +bullet."</p> + +<p>"Was there ever such a person?" said the native +officer. "He must be mad! And the Great Lord's +horses too! God preserve him; he will certainly +be hanged, or sent across the Black Water for life."</p> + +<p>So he too rode off to fetch his sahib; and shortly a +trail of dust on the road showed that he was returning, +and not leisurely. The officer was hot, indignant, +and vexed, and said to the sentry: "By my +order you will allow the Viceroy's horses to water at +this pond."</p> + +<p>"With every respect," replied the sentry, "my +own Sahib has given me other orders, and I mean +to obey him."</p> + +<p>And nothing the officer could say, and he said a<a name="Page_86" id="Page_86"></a> +good deal, could move the sentry one hair'sbreadth +from that resolve. So he, in his turn, rode off to +fetch the last court of appeal, the Military Secretary, +Lord William Beresford.</p> + +<p>As all who knew him will remember, his Lordship +was very short and sharp when anything +occurred that in the least infringed the dignity of the +Viceroy, or of anything belonging to that exalted +personage; and probably few would have cared to be +in the shoes of that sentry during the next few minutes. +But the sentry was sublimely oblivious of the existence +of so high an official as a Military Secretary, +and only dimly aware of the existence of a Great +Lord. On the other hand his own Colonel Sahib +and his own sahibs, with whom he had fought +and bled, were real live people, whom he knew quite +well and whose word was law unto him. The +Military Secretary, therefore, being evidently an +older and more worthy sahib than the last, was +received with even more respect; but as to allowing +the horses to water, the sentry was adamant on +that point. "I obey my Colonel's orders," said he, +"and no one else's." Lord William, though greatly +vexed, as perhaps was only natural, was too good a +soldier to force a sentry, and rode off therefore to +the Guides' camp to lay the matter before the commanding +officer. The rest was naturally all cordiality +and good feeling, and an invitation to lunch; while +the Guides' subaltern galloped off and cut the Gordian +knot.<a name="Page_87" id="Page_87"></a></p> + +<p>Scarcely had Lumsden parted from his beloved +corps, when they again took the field, in the small +but bloody Umbeyla campaign of 1863. The opening +incident was in what was coming to be honourably +looked upon as thoroughly Guides' fashion. +Two troops of the cavalry and two companies of the +infantry of this corps, under Jenkins,[1] were encamped +at Topi, blockading the Gaduns and Hindustani +fanatics preparatory to the advance of the field-force. +One night a patrol of three men, under +Duffadar Fakira, suddenly encountered a body of +about three hundred of the enemy, on their way +to surprise and capture the camp of the Guides. +Without a moment's hesitation, and with highly +commendable presence of mind, the duffadar began +shouting "Fall in! fall in!" as if addressing +countless legions; and then wheeling his three men +into line, and each man yelling like a dozen fiends, +fell with fury on the advancing enemy. The effect +was magical, the enemy thinking that they had +been betrayed, or forestalled, or had perchance fallen +into an ambush, and that opposed to them was the +whole strength of the Guides. In the darkness a +panic set in, and the whole force broke and fled, +their redoubted and sainted leader, the Mullah +Abdullah, showing the way.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p>[1] Afterwards Colonel Sir Francis Jenkins, K.C.B.</p></div> + +<p>In the fierce and frequent fighting which +week after week, raged round the celebrated Crag +picquet, the Guides took their part. This picquet<a name="Page_88" id="Page_88"></a> +stood at the top of an abrupt and precipitous rock, +accessible from our side only by a narrow rocky path, +while towards the enemy the ground sloped away +to further hills. The weakness of the picquet, +therefore, lay not only in its openness to determined +attack, in days of short-range weapons and hand-to-hand +fighting, but also in the difficulty experienced +in quickly reinforcing it. Once taken, not only the +neighbouring post, known as the Monastery +picquet, but the whole camp lay under its commanding +fire.</p> + +<p>The first occasion on which the Crag was seriously +attacked was before dawn on the 30th of October, +when the picquet was rushed, and the twelve men +of the 1st Punjab Infantry who held it were swept +from the crest, but like limpets bravely clung to the +near slopes. In support, close below, lay Major +Keyes[1] with the remainder of the 1st Punjab +Infantry and a company of the Guides. Owing to +the rocky and difficult ascent it was impossible to do +much till daylight, but with the first streak of dawn, +valuably aided by the flank fire of Major Brownlow[2] +and the 20th Punjab Infantry, Keyes himself at +the head of the storming party most gallantly +recaptured the Crag picquet at the point of the +bayonet. As illustrating the severity of this hand-to-hand +fighting, it may be mentioned that the enemy<a name="Page_89" id="Page_89"></a> +left sixty dead or dying, mostly Hindustani fanatics, +in and round the picquet, while our own losses +amounted to fifty-five.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p>[1] Afterwards Commandant of the Guides and later General Sir +Charles Keyes, K.C.B., etc.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p>[2] Afterwards General Sir Charles Brownlow, G.C.B., etc.</p></div> + +<p>In this gallant assault the company of the Guides +bore their share, and four of them are mentioned as +having been amongst the first into the recaptured +position. The next serious assault took place on +November the 12th, but after severe fighting was +beaten off by Major Brownlow and the 20th Punjab +Infantry, again supported by two companies of the +Guides. A native officer of the Guides was specially +mentioned on this occasion for carrying ammunition +at great personal risk up to the besieged picquet. +It was estimated that two thousand of the enemy +took part in this assault.</p> + +<p>The third assault on this historic picquet was +made by the undaunted tribesmen on November +the 13th, when it was held by the 1st Punjab Infantry; +and so determined and strongly supported was the +attack that not only was the picquet, now one +hundred and twenty strong, driven off the hill, but +something like a panic spread amongst the followers +in camp, much disturbing the dispositions made for +recapturing the Crag. The first attempt to stem the +tide was made by detachments of the Guides and 1st +Punjab Infantry, but these were not strong enough to +retake the picquet, and could barely hold their own. +Then came to the rescue Major C.C.G. Ross with +detachments of the Guides, 1st Punjab Infantry, and +14th Native Infantry, which, charging up, got close<a name="Page_90" id="Page_90"></a> +to the crest, but were not strong enough to drive out +the swarms of determined warriors grimly holding +the vantage ground.</p> + +<p>The matter had now reached a serious point, at +once apparent to Sir Neville Chamberlain; for the +possession of the Crag picquet by the enemy made +untenable the whole British position. He therefore +immediately ordered to the assault the 101st Royal +Bengal Fusiliers.[1] This gallant regiment aided by +three companies of the Guides, and the line swelled +by Major Ross's mixed detachments, without a +check stormed and captured the position with the +bayonet. The enemy lost two hundred and thirty +men in this gallant attempt, while our own casualties +reached one hundred and fifty-eight.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p>[1] Now the Royal Munster Fusiliers.</p></div> + +<p>The final attempt came on the afternoon of +November the 20th. The post was then garrisoned +by one hundred bayonets of the 101st Royal Bengal +Fusiliers and one hundred bayonets of the 20th +Punjab Infantry. Again so determined was the +attack, and made in such strength, that the British +garrison was swept from the hill with considerable +loss. The position of affairs was now so critical +that Sir Neville Chamberlain himself determined +to lead the columns detailed to assault and retake +the picquet. In this fine advance the 71st Highland +Light Infantry, supported by the Guides, made the +frontal attack, and so impetuous was their charge +that the summit was reached and the enemy driven<a name="Page_91" id="Page_91"></a> +from it with little loss. Our total casualties in the +affair, however, reached one hundred and fifty-three, +while the estimated loss of the enemy was three +hundred and twenty.</p> + +<p>Such was the history of the Crag picquet, four +times fiercely attacked with overwhelming numbers +by a brave and fanatical foe, thrice captured, and +thrice by sterling grit and stout endeavour bravely +recaptured. Of a surety this bloody site has earned +the title given it by all the countryside. It is +called the <i>Kutlgar</i>, or the Place of Slaughter, for +of friend and foe well nigh a thousand warriors had +shed their blood to keep or take that barren rock.</p> + +<p>Eight of the Guides received the Indian soldiers' +highest reward for conspicuous gallantry in the field +during these strenuous assaults and counter assaults.</p> + +<p>Though this was no cavalry country, as may +readily be judged, several troops of the Guides' +cavalry, together with the 11th Bengal Cavalry, did +useful service on more than one occasion, under the +gallant leadership of Colonel Dighton Probyn,[1] one +of the brilliant band of cavalry soldiers who had +earned undying fame in the great Mutiny. It is +perhaps the memory of those old days of dangers +and troubles passed through together, that keeps +alive the kindly feeling which leads Sir Dighton +Probyn to write a few words of brave encouragement +when his old comrades of the Guides take<a name="Page_92" id="Page_92"></a> +their share of such fighting as still, from time to +time, falls to their lot. On their side the Guides +look on him, along with Lumsden and Jenkins and +other old heroes, as one of their own sahibs.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p>[1] Later the Right Honourable Sir Dighton Probyn, V.C., G.C.B. +G.C.S.I., G.C.V.O., P.C., etc. etc., Keeper of the Privy Purse.</p></div> + +<p>The element of secrecy is absolutely essential to a +successful surprise. This is a military truism all the +world over, but applies with special force amongst +the Pathan tribes on the North-West Frontier of +India, as indeed it did amongst the Boers, and for +probably a very similar reason. They were not +always professional spies whom the Boers employed; +nor is it always a Pathan spy who is on +the spot. But both peoples without having any +highly organised system have been exceedingly +fortunate in the manner in which information of +impending movements has somehow got reported +in the nick of time in the most interesting quarter.</p> + +<div><a name="pg092" id="pg092" /></div> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/jp092.jpg" +alt="An Afridi of the Guides' Infantry" +title="An Afridi of the Guides' Infantry" +width="403" height="553" /></div> + +<p>Due south from Mardan, and distant, as the +crow flies, some thirty-five to forty miles, lies the +village of Paia, which for high crimes and misdemeanours, +including murder, rapine, and arson, it was +considered necessary to punish. Now punishment in +the days of Cavignari not unusually meant waking up +some fine morning to find that before breakfast it +was either necessary to meet the Guides in a pitched +battle, or to submit quietly to the demands of Government, +and expiate the crimes committed. The +difficulty, from our point of view, was to place the +troops in the desired position, at the desired +moment, without previously informing the enemy of the<a name="Page_93" id="Page_93"></a> +proposal. Failing this, either an ambush would be +prepared into which the troops might fall, thus +reversing the tables; or the whole village, men, +women, and children, flocks and herds, and all the +chickens that could be caught on short notice, would +migrate bodily for a few days, till the storm was +overpast. Then they would quietly return and +cheerfully resume the uneven tenor of their ways.</p> + +<p>Now Paia was inhabited by Jowaki Afridis, and +he that findeth an Afridi asleep, when he ought to +be awake, is either a very astute or a very fortunate +person. Cavignari was a very astute person and a +match for the most wakeful Afridi. For instance, +the British troops that lay nearest to Paia were +those in garrison at Nowshera, and these, therefore, +were the most obvious ones to use. Being the most +obvious, it was at once decided that they were not +the troops to use. Therefore Cavignari refrained +from touching the Nowshera garrison, and called on +the Guides, who were sixteen miles further away, +and watching quite another frontier, to undertake +the business.</p> + +<p>But here again a difficulty arose; the Guides on +their way would have to pass through Nowshera, +and as that place was doubtless full of spies, no +better result could be hoped for than by using a +Nowshera regiment direct. And there was yet +another difficulty: it was the middle of the hot +weather and a great many of the British officers of +the Guides, including the Commanding Officer, were<a name="Page_94" id="Page_94"></a> +away on leave; to recall them was to make the ears +prick up of every person, with a guilty conscience, +within a fifty mile radius.</p> + +<p>But after all, military difficulties are possibly only +introduced by a beneficent Providence lest warlike +operations should become too easy; at any rate these +were in due course overcome, though it required +considerable ingenuity to do so. In the first place +the Guides were marched off, without a notion what +they were required for, or whither they were going. +All they knew was that they were plodding along +the Nowshera road on a very hot evening in August. +When well on their way, like a man-of-war at +sea they opened their sealed orders, and learnt +that in the vicinity of Nowshera they would find +a fleet of boats on the Kabul River. Embarking +on these they were to drop down that river, now +in flood, to its confluence with the Indus at Attock. +Here the flotilla was to be concealed while one +or two intelligent men were sent ashore to a place of +tryst, whither Major R.B. Campbell, the Commanding +Officer, and the other officers on leave, had been +ordered to arrive by a certain hour. Then, complete +in officers, the flotilla was to slip anchor again and +drop down the roaring flood of the Indus for another +twenty-eight miles to Shadipore, the local Gretna +Green, to judge from its name. It speaks highly +for the skill with which the operation was planned, +and the exactitude with which it was executed, to +record that it was carried out without a hitch. The<a name="Page_95" id="Page_95"></a> +Guides by a seventy-eight mile circuit now found +themselves south-east, instead of north, of the +objective, and the enemy were consequently taken +from a totally unexpected quarter.</p> + +<p>Another of Cavignari's <i>coups</i> may perhaps be +given as illustrating not only his policy of smiting +hard, instead of palavering, but also the necessity +for strict secrecy. In 1878 when the Swat River +Canal, which has turned the desert plain of Yusufzai +into one great wheat-field, was under construction, +the more pestilential class of mullah, always on the +look-out for a cause to inflame Mahomedan fanaticism +against the English unbeliever, stirred up the tribesmen +to interfere with the work. A raid was consequently +made by them, and a lot of harmless +coolies murdered. The village of Sapri, just across +the border, was chiefly implicated in this outrage, +and Cavignari immediately demanded the surrender +of the murderers, as well as a heavy fine in money +wherewith to pension the families of the victims. +Secure in their fastness the men of Sapri sent +replies, varying from the evasive to the impertinent.</p> + +<p>Cavignari said nothing more, but secretly warned +the Guides, who lay forty-three miles away, to be +ready to act. So carefully was the news kept +that a movement was on foot, that some of the +officers were playing racquets up to the last +moment, and were called from the court to march at +once. Captain Wigram Battye was in command, and +took with him the Guides' cavalry and a detachment<a name="Page_96" id="Page_96"></a> +of Guides' infantry mounted on mules. Marching all +night, the force arrived three miles beyond Abazai +and within eight miles of its objective, when it was +found impossible, owing to the difficult nature of the +country, to proceed further on horseback. All the +horses were consequently sent back to Fort Abazai, +and the dismounted cavalry and infantry went on +in the darkness over a most stony precipitous country. +By strenuous effort the village of Sapri was reached +and surrounded by daybreak. The villagers immediately +rushed to arms and prepared for a desperate +resistance, but the Guides were not to be +denied; they carried the place, killing many and +capturing the ringleaders, and nine others of those +implicated in the murders. Our own losses were +eight men wounded; while two received the Order +of Merit for conspicuous bravery in action.</p> + +<p>Such were a few of the adventures of the Guides +during the twenty years which elapsed between the +Mutiny and the Afghan War.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97"></a><a name="CHAPTER_VIII" id="CHAPTER_VIII" />CHAPTER VIII</h2> + +<h4>THE MASSACRE OF THE GUIDES AT KABUL, 1879</h4> + + +<div class="blockquot"><p>The annals of no army and no regiment can show +a brighter record of devoted bravery than has been +achieved by this small band of Guides. By their deeds +they have conferred undying honour, not only on the +regiment to which they belong, but on the whole British +Army.... The conduct of the escort of the Queen's Own +Corps of Guides does not form part of the enquiry entrusted +to the Commission, but they have in the course of their +enquiries had the extreme gallantry of the bearing of +these men so forcibly brought to their notice that they +cannot refrain from placing on record their humble +tribute of admiration.</p></div> + +<p>So wrote the brave, bluff soldier, Sir Charles +Macgregor, as president of the Committee appointed +to enquire into the causes of the dreadful tragedy +which in a few hours ended in the massacre of Sir +Louis Cavignari and the whole of his escort.</p> + +<p>When Cavignari, as minister and plenipotentiary +on behalf of the British Government, signed the +treaty of Gundamuk, one of the provisions of +which was that a British Embassy with a suitable<a name="Page_98" id="Page_98"></a> +escort should be established at Kabul, there were +many who, unable to forget the long-drawn history +of Afghan treachery, looked with grave apprehension +on the proposal. The Amir Yakub Khan, himself +but lately and unsecurely seated on the throne, was +not strong enough, it was urged, to uphold this new +departure, even were he honestly anxious to do so. +But against all opposition Cavignari placed his +commanding personality and strong prevailing will; +and by degrees he calmed not only any doubts the +Amir on the one hand may have expressed, but on the +other removed by convincing argument the objections +raised by the prophets of evil in our own camp. +Finally, to prove his unwavering confidence in the +practicability of establishing a British Embassy at +Kabul, he asked to be allowed in his own person to +prove the soundness and safety of the policy he +advocated.</p> + +<p>The treaty of Gundamuk was signed in June +1879; but the Amir asked for a short respite, that +he might return to his capital to prepare quarters +for the Embassy and also accustom the minds of +his people to its proposed arrival. It was not +therefore till July 24th that Sir Louis Cavignari and +his escort arrived at Kabul.</p> + +<p>This escort consisted of twenty-five, of all ranks, +of the Guides' cavalry, and fifty-two, of all ranks, of +the Guides' infantry under the command of Lieutenant +Walter Hamilton, who a few weeks before had +won the Victoria Cross at the action of Fattehabad<a name="Page_99" id="Page_99"></a> +The other Englishmen with the Embassy were +Surgeon A.H. Kelly of the Guides, as medical +officer, and Mr. W. Jenkins, as political assistant to +Sir Louis Cavignari.</p> + +<p>The reception of the Embassy at Kabul was to +all seeming perfectly friendly, and even cordial. +Every honour was paid to it, and the assembled +crowds, though preserving the impassive mien of +Asiatics on such occasions, respectfully saluted +the British officers as they passed along. It had +been arranged that the members of the Embassy +and escort should take up their abode in quarters prepared +for them in the Bala Hissar, the celebrated +fortress which is indelibly connected with the name +of Kabul, and which completely dominates the city. +Here also were the Amir's palace and the houses +of many of his highest nobles.</p> + +<p>For a month all went well. Cavignari paid +frequent visits to the Amir, and entered into long +and friendly converse with him. The Amir's +nobles and officials paid frequent return visits of +ceremony or friendship. The officers of the Embassy +rode out daily, morning and evening, to see the +country and surrounding places of interest, accompanied +always, however, by escorts of Afghan +cavalry as well as of the Guides. To encourage +friendly intercourse, they used to practise tent-pegging +and lime-cutting, and invited the Afghan +horsemen to join them. But, as showing how +curious are the workings of the Asiatic mind, it<a name="Page_100" id="Page_100"></a> +afterwards transpired that this apparently unexceptional +proceeding was looked on by many +with grave offence. The Afghan officers muttered +that this was mere braggadocio on the part of +the sahibs; that the sport was only to show +how they would spit and cut down the sons of the +Prophet, if they had the chance! To fathom such +depths of bigotry as this incident reveals is one of +the many difficulties which face Englishmen in Asia.</p> + +<p>Towards the end of August Sir Louis Cavignari +received one or two direct warnings that all was +not well. It appears that in the ordinary course of +the relief of various garrisons several of the Amir's +Herati regiments were ordered from Herat to +Kabul, and Kabul regiments took their place. +These Herati regiments had seen nothing of the +late war: they had never crossed swords with the +British; and they were filled with the insensate +pride and confidence in their own prowess which +abysmal ignorance could alone account for. As +they marched through the streets of Kabul they set +up, at the instigation of their officers it is said, loud +cries of insult and abuse of Cavignari by name, of +the British Embassy, and of the whole detested race +of Feringhis. When this was told to Cavignari he +merely laughed and replied: "Curs only bark, they +do not bite." In a broad sense he was right, for if +British officers had always lain down wherever +stray curs were moved to yelp, the British Empire's +outer frontier of to-day would be the cliffs of Dover.<a name="Page_101" id="Page_101"></a> +But a much more weighty warning came from an +undoubted well-wisher, an old retired native officer +of our Indian army, and a firm friend of the envoy. +His warning said that a plot was afoot; that the +cupidity of some had been appealed to by stories of +large treasure in the Residency, while the fanatical +hatred of others had been secretly fanned; that it was +well therefore to be on guard. A warning coming +from such a friendly quarter was doubtless duly +weighed and duly allowed for; but after all, what +could a peaceful Embassy do but trust to the honour +and integrity of the friendly Power whose guest it was? +To show the smallest sign of distrust by attempting, +for instance, to place a merely residential set of +buildings, completely commanded all round, into a +state of defence, was only to court disaster. What +could the British Ambassador in Paris do against a +brigade of troops unrestrained by the French +Government? What could an escort of seventy-five +men, however brave, do against thousands, +and tens of thousands, of armed men? Cavignari +therefore took the bold course, which British officers, +before and since, have taken. He sat quietly, and +with good and brave heart faced the coming storm, +if come it must; but greatly confident that it might +split and roll by on either side.</p> + +<p>In the end, by sad mischance, a small matter, and +one quite unconnected, directly or indirectly, with +the attitude of the British Embassy, caused the storm +to burst with sudden and uncontrollable fierceness.<a name="Page_102" id="Page_102"></a> +The already half-mutinous Herati regiments were, +as was not unusual in those days, very much in +arrears as regards their pay. For months they had +received none, and were, perhaps naturally, in an +angry and sullen mood. The finances of the State +were in a chaotic condition, the treasury at low ebb, +and credit had receded to a vanishing point. After +staving off the day of reckoning as long as possible, +the welcome news reached the Herati troops that +they were to receive their pay in full next morning, +September 3rd, at the treasury in the Bala Hissar.</p> + +<p>Assembling there early, they soon learnt to their +disgust and indignation that they were only to +receive one month's pay, a miserable pittance to men +long in want. On the smouldering embers of +mutiny someone wilfully, or from mere expediency, +threw the spark: "Go to the British Embassy and +demand pay; there is lots of money there." The +idea caught like wildfire, and the whole mass of +soldiery dashed off to the Embassy, situated only a +few hundred yards away.</p> + +<p>Here the ordinary routine of the day was going +on. It was eight o'clock, and Cavignari, just returned +from his morning ride, had not yet bathed or changed +for breakfast. Hamilton and Kelly had been out +to see that the grass-cutters were at their work +on waste land, and not interfering with private +rights, and were now probably strolling down the +line of troop-horses seeing to their feeding and grooming.<a name="Page_103" id="Page_103"></a> +Jenkyns was doubtless within, reading or +writing, and waiting for breakfast. The cavalrymen +were about amongst their horses, and the +infantry either on guard or taking their ease. On +this peaceful scene suddenly burst a torrent of infuriated, +half-savage soldiery, yelling for Cavignari, +yelling for money, shouting curses and threats. At +first they acted like mere Yahoos; they hustled and +mobbed the Guides, shouting with rough humour, +"Well, if we can't get money we'll get something," +and then began untying horses to lead them away, +stealing saddlery, swords, or anything that lay about. +Then came a shot and silence; then another and +another, five or six in all, by whom fired no one +knows; and then the battle began,—four British +officers and some seventy of the Guides, against +countless thousands!</p> + +<p>Nor was the vantage of position with the British, +for they could not possibly have been more unfavourably +situated for defence. The Residency consisted +of a collection of mud and plaster buildings, of which +the principal was the abode of the British officers. +The others included the rows of huts that formed +the barracks of the escort, servants' houses, and +stables; outside, and enclosed by mud walls, were +spaces in which were picketed the horses of the +cavalry, and which formed courtyards to the Residency +and men's barracks. Residential quarters of +this description, given time to loop-hole and barricade +them, would form fairly good defensive cover, except +against artillery; but unprepared for defence they<a name="Page_104" id="Page_104"></a> +are mere death-traps. To add to the untenable +nature of the position the Residency was completely +commanded from several directions, and especially +from a high flat-roofed house only eighty yards +distant. The roofs of the Residency buildings were +also flat, but made untenable by these commanding +positions, except in one small portion where a low +parapet, such as is often found on Eastern roofs, +gave some slight protection.</p> + +<div><a name="pg104" id="pg104" /></div> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/jp104.jpg" +alt="The Memorial Arch and Tank to the memory of Sir Louis Cavignari and the officers and non-commissioned officers and men of the Guides killed in the defence of the Kabul Residency, September 3, 1879. In the foreground is a brass cannon captured during the Relief of Chitral" +title="The Memorial Arch and Tank to the memory of Sir Louis Cavignari and the officers and non-commissioned officers and men of the Guides killed in the defence of the Kabul Residency, September 3, 1879. In the foreground is a brass cannon captured during the Relief of Chitral" +width="378" height="541" /></div> + +<p>After those first few shots there seems to have +been a pause, while the mutinous troops rushed +off to their camp to fetch arms and ammunition. +During this brief respite Cavignari sent a message +to the Amir, who was in his palace only a few +hundred yards distant, informing him of the unprovoked +attack, and claiming the protection due +to a guest of the nation; while Hamilton hastily +collected his men, and made such dispositions for +defence as were possible. Then above the dust and +din and rush of hurrying feet outside rose, clearer +and stronger as hundreds of throats joined the +swelling sound, <i>Yār Charyār</i>, the war-cry of the +great Sunni sect of Mahomedans. They were coming +in their thousands frenzied with fanaticism, and +thirsting deep for Christian blood. On the other +side, in calm and steadfast readiness, stood three +score and ten of the Guides, men of an alien race, +and some even brethren of the besiegers, but all +filled with high resolve and stern determination to +stand by their British officers even unto death.<a name="Page_105" id="Page_105"></a></p> + +<p>Sir Louis Cavignari, soldier when diplomacy ceased, +was the first to seize a rifle, and, lying prone +on the flat exposed roof, with quick precision, one +after the other, shot dead four leaders of the assault. +But raked as he was from the higher positions, a +splintered bullet hit him in the forehead, and he had +to be taken below to have his wound dressed. Yet +undaunted, when the first shock passed, he must have +risen again, for an eye-witness from a neighbouring +house declares he saw four sahibs charge out at the +head of their men, and one of these must have been +Cavignari. And that was the last of the fight for +that brave soul, for the only further glimpse was +that of a hurrying soldier, who saw him laid on a +bed, with his feet drawn up, his hand to his head, +and the doctor at his side.</p> + +<p>This was all early in the day, perhaps before +ten o'clock, and from this time forth the whole +burden of defence lay on a young subaltern of the +Guides, Walter Hamilton. Yet he was not alone, +for sharing his glorious toil, and rising to the heights +of heroism, was Jenkyns, a man of peace, bred not +to war or the sword, and Kelly, physician and +healer, but no fighting man.</p> + +<p>And now in addition to the heavy fire from the +house-tops the mutineers bored loop-holes through +the compound walls, and through these, themselves +protected, poured a murderous fire into the devoted +building. Covered by this fire, escalading ladders +were run forward at a dead angle, and in a moment<a name="Page_106" id="Page_106"></a> +the roof was reached, and the small remnant of +Guides, six or seven in all, still manning the little +parapet were driven below. After them, gallantly +enough, the besiegers rushed down the steps; but +there they met their fate, for, turning fiercely on +them, the Guides killed many, and drove the +survivors back to the roof. It was at this time that +the first signs of fire were noticed, whether intentionally +ignited by the storming party, or accidental, +is not clear, though later conflagrations were +undoubtedly intentional.</p> + +<p>But though the fight had now waxed stronger and +stronger for five hours, and though nearly one-half +of the garrison were killed or wounded, though the +British Envoy lay dead or dying, no thought of +surrender occurred to the stout hearts within. +Only, for the third time that morning, was an +attempt made by letter to remind the Amir of his +sacred obligations as a host and sovereign of a +friendly Power. On this occasion the bearer selected +was Shahzada Taimus, a Prince of the Sadozai dynasty, +but a plain trooper in the ranks of the Guides' +cavalry. The two preceding letters had been sent, +one by the hand of an old pensioner of the Guides, +slipped through an unguarded postern, but not seen +again and supposed to be killed; and the second by +a Hindu, who was indeed killed before the eyes of +the garrison in his brave attempt to get through.</p> + +<p>The third letter was written by Mr. Jenkyns, and +handed by Hamilton to the Shahzada, a quiet<a name="Page_107" id="Page_107"></a> +unassuming man, to take to the Amir. A forlorn +hope indeed faced the brave fellow, as he looked +forth through a crevice at the yelling, shooting, +cursing crowd, surging round on all sides. To open +a door was instant death to himself and others, for +a shower of bullets would have greeted his exit. +The postern was now surrounded, and gave no hope +of escape. There remained only the roof, and this +means of escape Taimus decided to attempt. +Crawling cautiously up, he found this bullet-swept +area temporarily deserted, and creeping along it +peered over the end. There he saw, only some ten +feet beneath him, a furious crowd, many hundreds +strong, and those nearest the wall busy digging a +hole through it into the building.</p> + +<div><a name="pg107" id="pg107" /></div> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/jp107.jpg" +alt="Statue of Lieutenant Walter Hamilton, erected in Dublin Museum" +title="Statue of Lieutenant Walter Hamilton, erected in Dublin Museum" +width="401" height="614" /></div> + +<p>Well, if he had to die, it was the will of God; he +would fight his way through, or fall sword in hand. +Standing up in full view, for a second the observed +of all observers, armed to the teeth, he calmly +jumped into the jaws of those baying wolves. The +shock of the fall was unwillingly broken by the +astonished forms of those on whom he fell, and +before they could grapple with him he was pushing +boldly through the crowd. But the odds and press +were too great for him, and after a brief close scuffle +he was for want of elbow-room overpowered and +disarmed. Many shouted "Kill him! Kill him! he +is a Cavignari-ite!" But above the uproar, holding +his hands above his head, Taimus made himself +heard. "Peace! peace!" he cried. "I undoubtedly<a name="Page_108" id="Page_108"></a> +eat the salt of the Sirkar, but I am alone and +disarmed, a Mahomedan amongst Mahomedans, +and the bearer of a letter to the Amir. Kill me if +you like, but yours be the shame and disgrace." +As he spoke, amidst the crowd of angry, scowling +faces he saw a friend, a man of influence and standing; +at his word the crowd gave way, and battered, +bleeding, and closely guarded, Taimus was taken +before the Chief. But help was now out of the +Amir's power, as he sat bemoaning his fate in the +women's apartments. He could give no succour +he said, but he gave orders for Taimus to be +detained in a place of safety. To finish the story of +Shahzada Taimus: while confined there a havildar +of the mutineers was brought in with a bullet in his +back, and in his agony he besought Taimus to +extract it. This the Shahzada, though no surgeon, +succeeded in doing with a pocket-knife, and so +grateful was the mutineer that when night fell he +gave him his uniform and helped him to escape; and +eventually, after many adventures and by the use of +many disguises, the brave fellow reached India in +safety.</p> + +<p>But to return to the Residency. <i>Jemadar</i>[1] Mehtab +Sing, one of the two native officers of the Guides, +was now dead, and Kelly's whole time was occupied in +attending as best he could to the wounded, of whom +there were now twenty or thirty. There remained<a name="Page_109" id="Page_109"></a> +in the fighting line only Hamilton, Jenkyns, Jemadar +Jewand Sing, and some thirty of the Guides. The +whole interior of the building was full of dead and +dying, enemies and friends, the atmosphere made +still more oppressive by the smoke of powder, and +by the more deadly peril of creeping incendiarism.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p>[1] <i>Jemadar</i>, a native commissioned officer, next in rank to the +<i>subadar</i>.</p></div> + +<p>At this juncture, loud and exulting shouts proclaimed +that fresh heart had been given to the +besiegers by the arrival of some new reinforcement. +The cause was self-apparent; two guns were being +run by hand into position at the gateway barely +one hundred yards away. Two guns, neither then +nor now, could face the open within a hundred yards +of armed infantry who could freely use their weapons. +But here was a different case. Driven by the storm +of fire all round into rooms without loopholes, and +incapable of affording either offensive or defensive +fire, the Guides could only get snapshots here and +there as occasion offered.</p> + +<p>By a curious coincidence the story of those +newly-arrived guns was told with almost faithful +accuracy, in the brief testimony of a witness who +was nearly three miles away. He said: "We +heard the big guns fire twice, and then there was +silence for some time; then they fired once or twice +more; and then, after a long interval, one or two +more shots. Perchance, seven or eight shots +altogether were fired." What to the distant hearer +were impressive, unaccountable pauses, were on the +scene of action filled with the bravest incidents.<a name="Page_110" id="Page_110"></a> +Cooped up as they were with a murderous artillery +firing point blank into them at one hundred yards +range, and spreading not only death and destruction +amongst wounded and unwounded alike, but still +further aiding the conflagration, which had by now +taken well hold of the buildings, yet still stout of +heart the Guides girded up their loins to meet the +new encounter.</p> + +<p>Dr. Kelly left his wounded, and Jenkyns, the +young civilian, took again a sword and pistol, and +with the boy Hamilton as their leader, and with +twelve staunch and true men of the Guides behind +them, they opened the door. Then charging forth, +they quickly crossed the bullet-swept courtyard, and +fell with fury on the amazed gunners and the +crowd behind the wall. Shooting, thrusting, and +slashing, they killed or routed every man about the +guns, and seizing them tried to drag them back. +But here their strength was too small, though great +their heart, and though they swung the guns round, +and pulled them a few yards, they could not get +them away. The little band was falling fast, right +out in the open as it was; and at last the overwhelming +tide returned and drove them back with +the loss of half their numbers. Dr. Kelly, too, must +in the sortie have received his mortal wound, for +though he struggled back with the rest, he was +never again seen alive. <i>Requiescat in pace</i>: physician +and soldier, he died a hero's death.</p> + +<p>Again the furious crowd surged up to the guns,<a name="Page_111" id="Page_111"></a> +recaptured them, slewed them round, and laid them on +the door. Then came the second salvo heard by +the distant listener; and again, scarce taking breath, +Hamilton made preparations for his new attempt. +"Do you stand here and here; and you two, there +and there; and all of you shoot for all you're worth +at the gunners, while I and the rest again charge +out and capture the guns," he said. "And I come +too," said Jenkyns.</p> + +<p>Then a second time they threw open the door, +and a second time those two young Englishmen at +the head of the faithful few charged out on the guns. +But for Jenkyns the glorious end had come, and +sword in hand he fell, some seventy paces out, a lasting +honour to the great Civil Service of India. Yet +on went Hamilton and his dwindling band, and +taking no denial, stayed not by bullet nor sword nor +bayonet, again captured the guns. And then began +again the dreadful heart-straining struggle of desperate +men set to a task too great. Again with +splendid effort they dragged the guns a few yards, +and again the great returning wave engulfed them, +and fighting foot by foot the Guides were again +driven back.</p> + +<p>And now the flames had got strong hold of the +buildings, and here and there the roofs fell in, and +dead and dying were entombed together. So +the few survivors driven from end to end found last +refuge in the <i>hamam</i>, or bath, which, being below +the surface of the ground and built of solid brick,<a name="Page_112" id="Page_112"></a> +gave welcome shelter. But even so death was but +a question of hours or minutes, and neither Hamilton +nor his men were of the sort to sit tamely down to +wait for it. Taking rest for awhile from the exhaustion +of seven hours of this Homeric struggle, the undefeated +Hamilton again laid his plans. "Now two +or three," said he, "will fire from here, so as to try to +keep down the fire on our assaulting party, while the +rest dash out again. Arrived at the guns, I alone +will face the enemy, while all of you, paying no heed +to the fighting, will harness yourselves to one gun +and bring it in. We shall then, at least, have one gun +less against us, and may perhaps be able to use the +captured one in defence. Then, in the same way, +we will again charge out, and get the other gun." +"Your Honour speaks well, we are ready," said his +men.</p> + +<p>This was the fourth sortie Hamilton had led that +day; the first with all four Englishmen in a line, +the second with three, the third with two, and now +alone. Over six feet in height, splendidly made, +lithe and strong, with all the activity of youth, expert +with sword and pistol, he was a noble specimen +of the British officer, and none more fit than he to +stand in the deadly breach. Out then they went and +acted on the plan arranged. For a third time those +fateful guns were captured, and then alone to stem +the fierce assault stood Hamilton, while his men +laboured at the gun; but the odds were too great, +and the gallant subaltern, after killing three men with<a name="Page_113" id="Page_113"></a> +his pistol and cutting down two more with his +sword, was himself borne down. And so fighting +died as brave a young heart as ever did honour to +the uniform he wore. Swarming over his body, the +mutineers recaptured the gun and again drove back +the remnants of the forlorn hope. Hamilton lay +where he fell close to the gun, till darkening night +settled down on the dreadful scene. But when, +next morning, a witness passed that way, he +mentions that the brave young fellow's body was +laid across the gun. Perchance it was the kindly act +of a friend, or perchance the rough chivalry of one +who had watched his heroic deeds.</p> + +<p>It might be thought that a day so full of great +deeds, of patient courage, and unshaken loyalty +could, as the sun sank slowly down, produce no +further spark from those exhausted, starving few. +But it remained for the evening hour to produce, +perhaps, the brightest flash of all.</p> + +<p>It was apparent to all the besiegers, fighters or +spectators, that one by one all the sahibs had been +killed or sore wounded, and that now none remained +to lead their men. At intervals during the day +loud voices, as of those in command, had shouted to +the garrison of Guides: "We have no quarrel with +you. Deliver over the sahibs, and you shall all go +free, with what loot you can take. Be not foolish +thus to fight for the cursed Feringhis against your own +kith and kin." But for answer all they got was +fierce showers of bullets, and fiercer still the staunch<a name="Page_114" id="Page_114"></a> +defenders cried: "Dogs and sons of dogs, is this +the way you treat your nation's guests? To hell +with you! we parley not with base-born churls!"</p> + +<p>And now, again, when all the Englishmen were +dead, the voices cried: "Why fight any longer? +Your sahibs are killed. Save yourselves, and surrender, +before you are all killed. We will give you +quarter." Left in command was Jemadar Jewand +Singh, a splendid Sikh officer of the Guides' cavalry, +and not one whit behind his British officers in +brave resolve. He deigned no word of answer +to the howling crowd without, but to the few +brave survivors within, perhaps a dozen or so, +he said: "The Sahibs gave us this duty to +perform, to defend this Residency to the last. +Shall we then disgrace the cloth we wear by +disobeying their orders now they are dead? +Shall we hand over the property of the Sirkar, and +the dead bodies of our officers, to these sons of +perdition? I for one prefer to die fighting for +duty and the fame of the Guides, and they that will +do likewise follow me." Then, as the evening +closed, went forth unhurried the last slender forlorn +hope. The light of the setting sun fell kindly on +those grim and rugged faces, out of which all anger +and excitement and passion had passed away: they +were marching out to die, and they knew it. One +last glimpse we have of their gallant end. +From a window hard by an old soldier pensioner, +himself a prisoner, saw, and bore witness, that the<a name="Page_115" id="Page_115"></a> +leader of those pathetic few, fighting with stern and +steadfast courage, killed eight assailants before he +himself, the last to fall, was overborne.</p> + +<p>And so staunchly fighting they died to a man, +that gallant group,—died to live for ever. But round +them lay heaped six hundred dead, as silent witnesses +of twelve hours' heroic fight. The night fell, +and darkness and the silence of death succeeded +the strife of a livelong summer's day.</p> + +<p>With that wise statesmanship for which the +British Government may claim its share, a national +memorial was raised at Mardan to these deathless +heroes, and on it is written: <i>The annals of no army +and no regiment can show a brighter record of devoted +bravery than has been achieved by this small band of +Guides</i>.</p> + +<p>Yet another scene in the tragedy remains to +be told. It is a cold bleak day in early winter. +On one side stand the blackened, bullet-riddled +ruins of the Residency, much as we saw them last. +To the left, drawn up as a guard, is a long double +line of British soldiers with, bayonets fixed. +Behind them, covering every coign of vantage, every +roof and wall, are crowds of Afghans, silent, +subdued, and expectant. In the centre, in an open +space, stands a little group of British officers, one of +whom holds a paper from which he reads. Facing +the ruined Residency is a long grim row of gallows; +below these, bound hand and foot and closely +guarded is a row of prisoners. A signal is given,<a name="Page_116" id="Page_116"></a> +and from every gibbet swings what lately was a man. +These are the ringleaders in the insensate tragedy, +who, brought to justice by the strong resistless +power of British bayonets, hang facing the scene +of their infamy, for a sign throughout the length and +breadth of Asia of the righteous fate that overtakes +those who disgrace the law of nations.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117"></a><a name="CHAPTER_IX" id="CHAPTER_IX" />CHAPTER IX</h2> + +<h4>THE AFGHAN WAR, 1878-80</h4> + + +<p>The Afghan War of 1878-80 lives chiefly in the +memory of all as connected with the rise to fame of +one who has since earned a place in English history +with Marlborough and Wellington. And coupled +with his name remains indelibly engraved the great +historic march from Kabul to Kandahar.</p> + +<p>Though they took no part in that celebrated march, +being so reduced in numbers by the stress of war +after two years' arduous campaigning that fresh regiments +took their place, yet the Guides look back +with the greatest pride to having once served under +Lord Roberts, and to having earned the kindly praise +of this great Captain. To this day grey-bearded +old warriors speak with quiet pride and affection of +their fighting days with "Roberts Sahib" at Kabul; +and many an old eye kindles and bent back +straightens as they salute his picture in the mess. +Some, too, will remember the exact place and date on +which he shook hands with them, and congratulated +them on some brave deed, as he pinned the star for +valour on their breasts.<a name="Page_118" id="Page_118"></a></p> + +<p>It is given to few men to gain the affection and +soldierly respect of all, but Roberts possessed the +two great merits in the eyes of the simple Indian +soldier. He was always kind and considerate, +though firm as a rock, and always brave: kind +with the kindness which is never weary of watching +over the welfare of all, never forgetting a friend however +humble, and always remembering those little +soldier courtesies which count for so much; brave +not only with the bravery that wins the Victoria +Cross, but which, stout of heart, looks clear and undaunted +through the dark storm of a winter like that of +1879 at Kabul; and still burns bright when at seventy +years of age he goes forth at his Queen's behest to +turn back the dark tide of defeat in 1899, and bring +back victory to her standards.</p> + +<p>To give an instance of this magnetic influence,—one +day long after the Afghan War, Lord Roberts, then +Commander-in-Chief in India, was passing the camp +of the Guides, riding quietly along, when the sentry +on the quarter-guard, an old soldier, recognised him +in the distance, and shouting as in duty bound, +"Guard, turn out!" added unofficially, but louder +still, "Roberts Sahib is coming." The words +spread like lightning down the long lines of horses +and rows of tents; and with one accord each man +dropped his work at the magic name and dashed +to the head of the camp to see their old leader +and friend: it was no question of Commander-in-Chief, +it was only their old comrade Roberts Sahib.<a name="Page_119" id="Page_119"></a> +Need it be recorded that when his old soldiers heard +that in the day of trouble Lord Roberts had gone +to South Africa, they remarked with quiet confidence, +"Ah! now all will be well."</p> + +<p>For the Guides, serving as part of the force +under the command of the brave and chivalrous +leader of light horse, Lt.-General Sir Sam Browne, +K.C.B., V.C., the Afghan War opened with the +operations resulting in the capture of the formidable +fort of Ali Musjid, which bars the entrance to +the far-famed Khyber Pass. Sir Sam Browne was +an old Colonel of the Guides, and to meet again +in the field was the meeting of old comrades and +friends. Like Roberts, he knew how to use them, +and how to get the best out of them; and +the glowing words of his despatches show they +served him well.</p> + +<p>In the plan of operations for the capture of Ali +Musjid one brigade was to attack in front, one in flank, +and one by a wide <i>détour</i> through the mountains was +to cut off the retreat. In this operation it fell to the +Guides to accompany General Tytler's column, which +was the one destined, after a long night march through +the mountains, to drop down in rear of the fort. +The column was greatly delayed owing to the difficulty +of the country, great mountains of eight +thousand feet high intervening; but Jenkins with the +Guides and 1st Sikhs pushed on, and by their timely +arrival broke the back of the desperate resistance met +by the frontal attack. No Afghan or Pathan can stand<a name="Page_120" id="Page_120"></a> +the strain of being taken in rear; a <i>sauve qui peut</i> becomes +at once the order of the day. Most of the +enemy fled through the mountains, but a regiment +of regular infantry took the road through the pass +and was captured by Jenkins and his men. Next +came a squadron of cavalry, and these bold fellows +determined to make a dash for liberty. Scattering +therefore and riding at a break-neck gallop many got +through, though many lay dead and wounded on the +ground; and then, out of the cloud of dust and smoke +might be seen, calmly riding at a foot's pace, a solitary +trooper. A perfect hailstorm of bullets was falling about +him, not the tiny bullets we now use, but great +one ounce Snyder bullets, such as would knock over +an elephant; but though nearly eight hundred rifles +were in action, the serene horseman appeared not +the least discomposed, and except for a defiant wave +of his sword he rode quietly on.</p> + +<p>Then Jenkins, struck with the admiration of one +brave man for another, sounded the <i>cease fire</i>; and +in the dead stillness that followed the Colonel's +orderly shouted down to the horseman to ask him +who he was, and why he thus courted death. "Oh, +brother," shouted the orderly, "who art thou and +whence comest and whither goest?" "I am +Bahaud-din Khan," replied the horseman, "and I +come from Ali Musjid, which the Feringhis have +taken, and I follow those sons of pigs, the Kasilbash +Horse, who you saw pass in such a hurry just now."</p> + +<p>"The Sahib says," shouted the orderly, "that<a name="Page_121" id="Page_121"></a> +surely you must be mad thus to walk your horse +through a heavy fire like that."</p> + +<p>"Not mad, tell the Sahib," replied the Afghan, +"but fearing no man; and I shook my sword at you, +and your hundreds of rifles, to show that I cared not +that much for you."</p> + +<p>"By Jove, he's a brave fellow!" said Jenkins; +"tell him to come up and have a talk with me."</p> + +<p>"By all means," was the cheery reply; and +dismounting quietly, the man tied his horse to a +bush, slipped his sword into its scabbard, and strolled +up the hill.</p> + +<p>"Well, now tell me all about yourself," was +Jenkins's greeting.</p> + +<p>"There is nothing much to tell. I live in Kabul +and belong to the Kasilbash Horse, and my father +was a soldier before me. But he was a brave fellow +like myself; we are no mis-begotten apes, like those +sons of perdition who fled just now. They are all +cowards and runaways, and no fit company for a +warrior."</p> + +<p>Jenkins liked the look of the man, and his courage +was beyond doubt, so he said cordially: "You're a +fine fellow and I like you. Will you take on with +the Guides?"</p> + +<p>"Yes, I will," said the free-lance without a +moment's hesitation.</p> + +<p>So there and then, on the field of battle, Bahaud-din +Khan, late of the Kasilbash Horse, joined the +Guides, and was made a non-commissioned officer<a name="Page_122" id="Page_122"></a> +on the spot. For two long years, through the many +ups and downs of the campaign, through much +severe fighting and many a hardship, he did good +and valiant service. It was only when the war +was over, and the corps was nearing India on +its downward march, that Bahaud-din Khan began +to lose his reckless devil-may-care bearing; he +seemed sad, and dispirited, and out of sorts altogether.</p> + +<p>"Why, what ails you, my man?" said Jenkins one +day as he chanced across him on the march.</p> + +<p>"Nothing, Sahib; I am very happy in the service +of the Queen, and I feel it an honour to serve in the +Guides."</p> + +<p>"Well, then, why look so doleful? One would +think you had lost your best horse, or broken the +sword of your ancestors on the head of a buffalo," +laughed Jenkins.</p> + +<p>"The truth cannot be hidden from you, Sahib, so +I will tell it," ingenuously replied Bahaud-din Khan. +"My comrades tell me that down at Mardan they have +to do riding-school and drill, and all that sort of +thing. Well, I don't think, Sahib, that is quite in +my line. Give me as much fighting as you like, but +I'm too old a soldier to go bumping round a riding-school. +Therefore, with your Honour's kind permission +I think I will take my leave, and return to +Yāghistan, the land of never-ending conflict."</p> + +<p>"By all means," said Jenkins; "no man stays in +the Guides against his will. You are a free man +from this moment."<a name="Page_123" id="Page_123"></a></p> + +<p>And so, very near the same spot where he had +taken service on the field of battle, Bahaud-din Khan +quietly took his discharge, and rode off, like a +knight of old, to place his sword at the service of +any who wanted it. "But riding-school, God forbid!" +he muttered as he went.</p> + +<p>It is not intended to follow the Guides through all +the phases of the Afghan War, but only to tell the +story of some of their gallant adventures. One of +the earliest of these was at the little battle of +Fattehabad, where Wigram Battye was killed, and +Walter Hamilton earned the Victoria Cross.[1] A +small force consisting of portions of the 10th Hussars, +Guides' cavalry, 17th Foot, forty-five Sikhs, together +with a battery of horse-artillery, were sent on from +Jellalabad, as an advance force to clear the road to +Kabul. About twelve miles out, at the village of +Fattehabad, General Gough[2] was suddenly +threatened in flank by a great gathering of Afghan +tribesmen.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p>[1] Here again I have had to depart from strict chronology.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p>[2] Afterwards General Sir Charles Gough, V.C., G.C.B., etc.</p></div> + +<p>Acting on the principle that in dealing with +Asiatics it is always wise, whatever the odds, +to attack, instead of waiting the onslaught, the +General moved out rapidly with the cavalry and +horse-artillery, and ordered the infantry to follow +as quickly as possible. Getting in touch with the +enemy, the horse-artillery came into action, but +their fire, good and accurate as it might be, was not<a name="Page_124" id="Page_124"></a> +sufficient to stay the determined advance of large +bodies of bloodthirsty and fanatical ghāzis. The +General, therefore, ordered the cavalry to charge, the +two regiments acting independently under their own +commanders.</p> + +<div><a name="pg124" id="pg124" /></div> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/jp124.jpg" +alt="A Trooper of the Guides' Cavalry" +title="A Trooper of the Guides' Cavalry" +width="563" height="406" /></div> + +<p>Major Wigram Battye was commanding the +squadron of the Guides' cavalry launched to the +attack, but ere he had proceeded a few hundred +yards a bullet hit him in the left hip, and the +squadron, under Hamilton, swept on, leaving him +still in the saddle, though in great pain and +supported by his orderly.</p> + +<p>Then happened one of those strange fatalities +which brings the Kismet of the Mahomedan into +close touch with the Providence of the Christian. +Hamilton and the whole squadron galloping every +second into more imminent danger remain unscathed. +The solitary sore wounded horseman, walking his +horse behind them, had that day come to the end of +God's allotted span; and as he walked yet another +chance bullet pierced his chest, and he fell to rise +no more; the second of the Battyes to die on the +field of honour, in the ranks of the Guides.</p> + +<p>A touching proof of the affection and respect +which his men had for him was most affectingly +illustrated after the battle. There were, as in all +armies, ambulance-bearers, whose duty it is to carry +in litters the dead and wounded. For fear of desecration +it was decided to send back the dead for +burial to Jellalabad and beyond, and a litter was<a name="Page_125" id="Page_125"></a> +sent for Wigram Battye's mortal remains. But the +rough warriors whose soldierly hearts he had won +would allow of no such <i>cortège</i>. "Ambulance-bearers +may be right and proper for anyone else," +they said; "but our Sahib shall be carried by us +soldiers, and by no one else." And so reverently +they lifted the body of their dead comrade, and +through the hot spring night carried it on the first +stage towards the sweet spot in Mardan where the +brothers Battye lie at rest.</p> + +<p>But the silver lining to this dark cloud of loss +was the prowess of the young subaltern and the +squadron that had fallen to his charge. "Take 'em +on, Walter, my boy," were his leader's last words; +and right manfully did he obey them.</p> + +<p>The plain over which they were advancing was +somewhat undulating, covered with loose stones, and +intersected here and there by more or less formidable +nullahs. Across this not very promising cavalry country, +Hamilton made good way, and was now close +enough to the enemy to give the orders, "Gallop, +Charge!" With the wild yell which so often, before +and since, has struck chill to the heart of an enemy, +the Guides dashed forward, the ground scouts checking +back for the squadron to come up to them; but +just as contact was imminent, a warning signal came +from one of these that there was impassable ground +in front. Here was a dilemma! Large masses of the +enemy firing heavily close in front, an obstacle impassable +for cavalry between, the guns uncomfortably +threatened close by, and the infantry still some way<a name="Page_126" id="Page_126"></a> +off! Happily, however, it takes a good deal to stop a +brave young Irishman with such men behind him. +A second or two brought them to the obstacle, and +sure enough it was no cold-blooded chance; a sheer +nine foot drop into the dry bed of a stream, and +opposite, with only a few yards interval, another sheer +cliff, and on top of that an exulting and frenzied +enemy! Without a moment's hesitation Hamilton +jumped into the gulf, and after him, scrambling, +sliding, jumping, anyhow and nohow, like a pack of +hounds, streamed his fierce following. Like hounds, +too, hot on the trail, they tarried not a moment there, +but scattering up and down the nullah singly, +or in clumps of two or three, found egress somehow. +And then came death, and the Prophet's Paradise, +to many a brave soul. From here and there, from +front and right and left, by ones and twos, by threes +and fours, charged home the gallant horsemen; +and at their head, alone with his trumpeter, rode +Hamilton. So rough and determined an onslaught +would shake the nerves of even disciplined troops; +but undrilled and undisciplined levies, however +brave individually, cannot hope to stand the fiery +blast of determined cavalry charging home. And +so the great crowd broke, and for four long miles +the pursuit continued, till man and horse alike were +worn and tired, and arms became too stiff to strike +or parry, and steeds yet willing staggered to a standstill.<a name="Page_127" id="Page_127"></a></p> + +<p>In this brilliant charge the enemy lost four +hundred men, while the squadron of the Guides lost +twenty of all ranks and thirty-seven horses. To +Walter Hamilton was awarded the Victoria Cross, +and to six of his men the Order of Merit, for conspicuous +gallantry where all were gallant.</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p>Leaving many months of intervening history, we +come to a notable feat of endurance, which threw a +much needed reinforcement into Sherpur during the +siege in December, 1879. The Guides were then strung +along the lines of communication towards Jellalabad, +but, on receipt of the serious news from Kabul, were +at once concentrated forward towards the Jugdullak +Pass, the scene of the massacre of our army in the old +Afghan War. Hastening forward to the summit of +the Lataband Pass, Jenkins got into communication +by heliograph with Sir Frederick Roberts (as he +then was), and learnt that reinforcements were +urgently required. This was quite enough for the +Commander of the Guides; he at once decided to +make an effort to cross the thirty-six miles of mountainous +country that intervened, and to fight his +way single-handed through the great hordes of +Afghans who were encircling Sherpur. Leaving +the whole of their baggage, no mean sacrifice during +an Afghan winter, and loading the mules with all the +ammunition that could be carried, the Guides set +cheerfully forth on their venture.</p> + +<p>It is wonderful how often sheer boldness succeeds<a name="Page_128" id="Page_128"></a> +in warfare; here was a small body of troops marching +forty miles <i>en l'air</i> through the enemy's fastnesses, +and at the weary end unknown thousands blocking the +way. With scarce a halt, horse and foot plodded on +and on, till evening came and darkness fell, and +still they marched along the dimly marked track. +Near midnight the lights of Kabul and Sherpur +became closely visible, and the crucial moment had +arrived. But "by the kindness of God," as the +ressaldar-major piously remarked, the night was +very cold, Kabul lies six thousand feet above the sea, +and a warm hut is better than an open field; and +in fact, to make a long story short, the Afghans +were keeping no watch on the road by which the +Guides came, and thus the whole corps marched +swiftly through the enemy's lines without firing a +shot or losing a man. In Sherpur they were warmly +welcomed by Sir Frederick Roberts and many old +comrades, for, as at the siege of Delhi, the boldness, +swiftness, and assuredness of their arrival added +heartening and encouraging effect quite out of proportion +to the numerical addition to the strength of +the garrison.</p> + +<p>During the next two days the Guides' infantry +took part in the great assaults on the Takht-i-Shah, +and the Asmai heights, with the 72nd and 92nd +Highlanders; and in these Captain Fred Battye +was dangerously wounded, and Captain A.G. +Hammond[1] was awarded the Victoria Cross. In<a name="Page_129" id="Page_129"></a> +Sir Frederick Roberts's despatch the latter incident +is thus recorded:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Another officer who greatly distinguished himself on +this occasion was Captain A.G. Hammond, Corps of Guides. +He had been very forward during the storming of the +Asmai heights, and now when the enemy were crowding up +the western slopes, he remained with a few men on the +ridge until the Afghans were within thirty yards of them. +During the retirement one of the men of the Guides was +shot; Captain Hammond stopped and assisted in carrying +him away, though the enemy were at the time close by and +firing heavily.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote">[1] Now Colonel Sir Arthur Hammond, V.C., D.S.O., K.C.B.</div> + +<p>No less than twelve men of the Guides also +received the Order of Merit for conspicuous gallantry +on this occasion.</p> + +<p>As no result sufficient to counterbalance the +serious losses incurred by making these repeated +attacks on the enemy's position appeared to be +obtained, Sir Frederick Roberts determined to +alter his tactics, and to allow the enemy in their +turn to hurl themselves against our defence. For +a whole week, though in immensely superior numbers, +the enemy could not steel their hearts to +attack the fortified enclosure of Sherpur, where +Roberts's small force lay entrenched. But on the +evening of December 22nd certain information was +received that a grand attack would take place at +dawn, and that the signal for the advance would be +a beacon which would be kindled on the Asmai +heights, just above the village of Deh-i-Afghan.</p> + +<p>Strict watch was kept that night in the British<a name="Page_130" id="Page_130"></a> +lines, and after the keen anxiety of the long vigil +a feeling almost of relief passed through the staunch +defenders when, about half-an-hour before daylight, +the beacon shone forth that waved to the attack +the followers of the Prophet, to wipe the hated +infidel from the face of God's earth.</p> + +<p>In the intense stillness of the frosty winter's +night the swift shuffling tramp of thousands of +sandalled feet could be heard coming across the +open. The attack was evidently aimed at the eastern +face of Sherpur, rightly considered the weakest point +structurally, but stoutly and steadfastly held by the +Guides. Where such immensely superior numbers +are concerned it is not safe to allow them to get +too close, or by sheer weight they may beat +down a thin line of rifle-fire. The Guides consequently +opened a heavy fire into the darkness in +the direction of the advancing masses, thereby making +known to all and sundry that the surprise, as a +surprise, had failed. This with undisciplined troops +was alone enough to disconcert the whole operation; +the enemy, instead of advancing, halted, and, taking +refuge in the villages, awaited the break of day.</p> + +<p>So soon as it was light they opened a heavy +but badly aimed fire on the Guides, but showed no +disposition to assault. At last, after some delay and +evidently under the urgent haranguing of their priests +and leaders, a mass of warriors some five thousand +strong was collected under the shelter of the villages +to make another effort. But so steady and accurate<a name="Page_131" id="Page_131"></a> +was the fire of the Guides, that even these brave +fanatics feared to face the open, and the attack +melted away. Sir Frederick Roberts, with the +eye of the born general seizing the right moment, +launched his cavalry and artillery in counterstroke +and pursuit, till when the sun set that night fifty +thousand of the chivalry of the Afghan nation had +been swept from sight and hearing, and nothing +but a vast solitude remained where teeming thousands +stood lately.</p> + +<p>Thus collect, and thus disappear, the great yeomen +armies of Afghanistan. To-day they are not; to-morrow +they are assembling in their thousands from +the four quarters of the compass; a few days, and +they have melted away like snow. The explanation +is simple enough. The fiery crescent goes forth, +summoning the faithful, every man with his arms +and ammunition and carrying in his goatskin bag +food enough to last him for a week. Commissariat +or Ordnance Departments there are none; thus as +each soldier finishes his food or his ammunition, +or both, he hies him home again for a fresh supply; +perhaps he returns, and perhaps he has had enough +fighting for the present, and does not. And so is it +with all the fifty thousand.</p> + +<p>The Guides did not see any more serious fighting +till April, when, together with a wing of the 92nd +Highlanders under Major White,[1] and two guns of<a name="Page_132" id="Page_132"></a> +F.-A. Battery, Royal Horse Artillery, they fought +a gallant little action with about five thousand of +the enemy at Charasiab near Kabul. Jenkins, who +was in command, heard shortly after midnight that +about two thousand of the enemy were bivouacked +within five miles of the camp, but that they had no +immediate intention of attacking. An old soldier like +the Commander of the Guides, however, takes nothing +for granted, and orders were at once issued for the +Guides' infantry to stand to their arms an hour before +daylight, while the Guides' cavalry sent out patrols +to feel for the enemy at crack of dawn. And well +was it that these timely precautions were taken, for +as day broke the enemy's masses were seen advancing +to the attack. To give elbow-room, and also +as a preparation for all eventualities, Jenkins struck +his camp, and ordered the baggage to be stacked +behind a convenient mound; then sending back +word of how matters stood to Sir Frederick Roberts, +he with his little force prepared to face the onslaught.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p>[1] Afterwards Field-Marshal Sir George White, V.C., G.C.B., &c., +&c.</p></div> + +<p>Seizing such knolls and points of vantage as existed, +his battle-line took the form of a semicircle, +with one company of the 92nd Highlanders and two +companies of the Guides in reserve. The enemy, +now increased to three thousand warriors, steadily +advanced, and with great bravery planted their +standards in some places within one hundred yards +of the British line; but that last one hundred yards +they could not, by all the eloquence of their leaders +or the promises of Paradise from their priests, be<a name="Page_133" id="Page_133"></a> +induced to cross. Nor was it only the Afghans who +felt the tightening strain; it was an anxious moment +for the British, too, for given one slight slip, one +weakhearted corner, and the whole thin line might +have been swept away by the onslaught of those +fierce masses.</p> + +<p>It was then that Jenkins used a curious and expensive, +but, as it proved, effective expedient. He +ordered the Guides' cavalry to mount, and, exposed +at close range to the enemy's fire, to patrol quietly +from one end of the line to the other, as a sort of +moving reserve; a demonstration, in fact, that even if +the enemy managed to break through the thin line +of the infantry at any point, it would only be to fall +on the dreaded swords of the cavalry. The behaviour +of the men during this trying ordeal was above all +praise; and indeed it requires high qualities of +nerve and courage to walk one's horse up and down +for a couple of hours under a hail of bullets, without +being able to return the compliment in any way.</p> + +<p>The enemy's numbers had increased to five +thousand, and still Jenkins's little force held on +with dogged courage, and though it could not make +an inch of way, it refused to concede one. It was now +past one o'clock, and the strain lay heavy on our men +after seven hours of this bull-dog business; when +the twinkle of the cheerful heliograph from Kabul +gave fresh heart to all, and almost immediately +afterwards the advance skirmishers of General +Macpherson's column came into view, and the<a name="Page_134" id="Page_134"></a> +situation was saved. Then, borne on the flood of the +reinforcements, Highlanders and Guides sprang +to their feet and dashed at the now flying enemy. +The cavalry and artillery, too, at last relieved of their +long and dangerous vigil, dashed off in pursuit, and +for four long miles they fell with relentless fury on +the scattered and demoralised foe.</p> + +<p>This was the last fight which the Guides had in +the Afghan War. When Roberts and his gallant ten +thousand marched to Kandahar, they were sent back +to their hard-earned rest, after two years of incessant +warfare, with a casualty roll of two hundred and +forty-eight of all ranks and one hundred and forty-two +horses; and with five hundred recruits to +redress the balance.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135"></a><a name="CHAPTER_X" id="CHAPTER_X" />CHAPTER X</h2> + +<h4>WAR STORIES</h4> + + +<p>Several months before the Afghan War +began the Guides were placed on guard at the +mouth of the Khyber Pass, and there occurred +an incident which illustrates the extremely delicate +problem accompanying the employment of Indian +troops in certain situations. In the ranks of the +Guides are men belonging to a great number of tribes +and nationalities, many of them enlisted from +amongst peoples whose territories lie outside the +British borders. It may so happen therefore, and +indeed does happen, that in the kaleidoscope of +events a man who has taken service and sworn to +fight the battles of the King finds himself called +upon to attack his own village, and possibly to raise +his rifle against his own kith and kin. Such a +situation naturally requires very careful handling. +It is of course absolutely necessary to maintain the +great principle, that a soldier is bound hand and +foot and in all honour to the service of his Sovereign, +and that no family or private ties must stand between<a name="Page_136" id="Page_136"></a> +him and any duty that service may call on him to +perform. On the other hand, without relinquishing +this principle, it is often possible, by a little tactful +and unostentatious redistribution of troops, to avoid +placing a soldier in so unenviable a position as +taking part in an attack on his own home. Sometimes, +however, this is impossible, as in the story +here related.</p> + +<div><a name="pg136" id="pg136" /></div> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/jp136.jpg" +alt="Types of men in the Guides' Infantry" +title="Types of men in the Guides' Infantry" +width="579" height="387" /></div> + +<p>The Guides were daily expecting orders to advance +into the Khyber Pass at the head of an army, +and would thus at the very outset be fighting against +some of the men's own relations and friends. +Amongst these men was a young Afridi soldier, who +was sore puzzled what to do. His own village lay +right in the path of the army, and only a few miles +distant; his relations and friends came daily to visit +him, urging him to take his discharge and return +to his own people before the war began. Was +anyone ever in a more awkward position?</p> + +<p>On the very eve of the advance he made his +decision to stand by the colours, and gave a final +refusal to his relations. Yet even then opportunity, +combined with the ties of kinship, was too much for +him. It was his turn for sentry-go that night, all double +sentries, and, as is the custom, no two men of the +same class together. With our young Afridi on his +beat there happened to be a Gurkha, and that Gurkha +did a thing which not only hurled his comrade to +perdition, but brought himself to a court-martial. +His tent was close by and he said to the young<a name="Page_137" id="Page_137"></a> +Afridi: "Hold my rifle a minute, while I fetch something +from my tent." In one second the whole of +that young Afridi's good resolutions failed him; the +struggle of weeks had been in vain. Two rifles in +his hand, not a soul near, the black night in front, +and beyond—his own village, and friends, and a +warm welcome! He stalked off into the darkness +and was lost for ever. Then came the sequel.</p> + +<p>The British officers were at dinner in their mess +tent, when the havildar of the guard came running up +to make his report, and brought as witness the +erring Gurkha. The Colonel of the Corps at this +time was Colonel F.H. Jenkins, a man who had +learnt much from Lumsden, and had caught in many +ways the genius for dealing with wild warriors. +"How many men of that man's tribe are there in +the regiment?" sternly demanded Jenkins. After +reference to the company, it was found that there +were seventeen of them all told. "Parade them all +here," said the Colonel; and they were duly +summoned, and paraded in line. "Now take off +every scrap of uniform or equipment that belongs to +the Sirkar." Each man did as he was bid, and +placed the little pile in front of him, on the ground. +"You can now go, and don't let me see your faces +again till you bring back those two rifles."</p> + +<p>The Colonel perhaps hoped that they might overtake +the fugitive, overpower and secure him before +he had gone far; but if so he was disappointed, for +as day followed day, and week succeeded week, no<a name="Page_138" id="Page_138"></a> +news came of pursued or pursuers. The matter had +been forgotten; the vacancies had long since been +filled; indeed, two whole years had passed, when +one day there walked into Mardan Cantonment +a ragged, rough-bearded, hard-bitten gang of +seventeen men, carrying two rifles. It was the +lost legion!</p> + +<p>Of those two years' toil and struggle, wounds +received and given, a stark unburied corpse here +and there on the mountain-side, days in ambush and +bitter nights of silent anxious watch, they spoke but +little. But their faces beamed with honest pride as +their spokesmen simply said: "The Sahib told us +never to show our faces again until we found the +rifles, and here they are. Now, by your Honour's +kindness, we will again enlist and serve the Queen."</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p>On another occasion, during the Afghan War, it +was a matter of considerable importance to ascertain +the temper of an important tribe, whose position and +territory threatened the left flank of the lines of +communication not far short of Jellalabad. For this +difficult and dangerous duty Duffadar Faiz Talab of +the Guides offered his services, well knowing the +great risks he was likely to incur, though, as the +event proved, he materially underrated them.</p> + +<p>Dressed as an ordinary Pathan, with great flowing +white garments, a slatey blue puggery, and with a +dagger or two stuck in his cummerband, he sallied +forth one dark night, and laid up not far from camp.<a name="Page_139" id="Page_139"></a> +This precaution was taken so that not one of the +hundreds of pairs of sharp eyes in our own camp +should see him depart.</p> + +<p>Next day he strolled on leisurely, and in the +course of the afternoon arrived at the chief village +of the tribe in question. In every Afghan village +there is a rest-house, or <i>serai</i>, for strangers, and +thither as a rule towards evening the village gossips +also find their way; the hospitable <i>hookah</i> is passed +from mouth to mouth, and in grave Oriental fashion +they set about picking each other's gossip-pockets. +"And you, brave stranger, who are you?" asked a +grey-bearded, sharp-eyed old man of Duffadar Faiz +Talab.</p> + +<p>"I?" he answered readily; "why, I have just left +those dogs of Feringhis (may God burn them in +hell!), where I took service for a short time, so +as to learn their ways, and their tricks of fighting."</p> + +<p>"<i>Shāhbāsh</i> (bravo)!" exclaimed the company; +"and what are you going to do now?"</p> + +<p>"What am I going to do now? Why, fight the +accursed infidels, of course!" replied the duffadar.</p> + +<p>"That is indeed fortunate," said the headman of +the village, "for our spies tell us that the Feringhis +intend attacking us. We shall now be able to +make you the general of our forces, and since you +have been so wise as to learn the cunning strategy +of the infidels we shall of a surety kill them all, and +send their souls to hell."</p> + +<p>"Oh yes, certainly, if I am here," hastily mur<a name="Page_140" id="Page_140"></a>mured +Faiz Talab, adding as he regained his +composure and the Oriental art of fluently telling +the thing that is not true, "but unfortunately I have +urgent business over the Khost, and cannot delay. +To-morrow at crack of dawn I must be on my +way."</p> + +<p>"Our kismet is indeed bad, but let the will of +God be done!" was the pious rejoinder of the most +villainous-looking of the surrounding cut-throats.</p> + +<p>Night having now fallen, and the lighting +arrangements of an Afghan village being limited to a +wood fire, travellers and villagers began one by one +to roll themselves up in their wadded quilts, and each +man, hugging his sword, dropped off to sleep.</p> + +<p>Just before dawn Faiz Talab was awakened by +someone rudely shaking him. "Get up, oh indolent +one, the English are upon us, and we look to you to +help us to defeat them. Here, take this rifle and +these twenty rounds of ammunition, and come and +show us how best we may arrange our battle line."</p> + +<p>Up jumped the duffadar, and hastily shook +together his sleeping wits. Here was a pretty +dilemma! Evidently something had occurred to +precipitate action on the part of the British, and it +had been found inexpedient, or perhaps impossible, +to wait for the receipt of his report. Meanwhile +the duffadar was in the exceedingly uncomfortable +position of him who finds himself between +the devil and the deep sea. As the chosen leader, +thus miraculously fallen from heaven on the eve of<a name="Page_141" id="Page_141"></a> +battle, he had become so important a figure that +it was impossible for him to take up a modest +position in the rear; indeed, a bullet through the +head would have been the immediate rejoinder to +any such suggestion on his part. Forced thus by +circumstance into the forefront of the battle, he +turned his back to the devil and stood forth to face +the deep sea, and the great waves of British soldiers +which surged across it to the attack.</p> + +<p>"The first thing to do," he shouted authoritatively, +"is to take good cover, so that the bullets +and cannon-balls of the English cannot hit us; and +then, when they have expended their ammunition, we +will shout Allah! and charge them with the sword."</p> + +<p>"Well spoken!" was the cry, and the order +passed up and down the line.</p> + +<p>Be assured that duffadar Faiz Talab did not +fail to appropriate the thickest and strongest wall in +support of his tactical scheme.</p> + +<p>"The next thing to do," yelled the unwilling +general, "is to fire as rapidly as possible, so as +to frighten the English thoroughly, before we sally +forth and kill them." And suiting action to words +Faiz Talab fired off his twenty rounds with great +rapidity in the safest possible direction, and prayed +God that he had not hit one of his own comrades. +At the same time he added a perhaps equally potent +supplication, to the effect that his comrades might not +be so careless or inconsiderate in their turn as to +shoot him.<a name="Page_142" id="Page_142"></a></p> + +<p>Having no more ammunition, Faiz Talab +hugged his wall closer than a limpet, and noticed +with growing satisfaction that ammunition was +running out all along the line. On the other hand, +as an inquisitive neighbour, with two bullets in his +puggery, pointed out, the English were advancing +very quickly, apparently with plenty of ammunition, +and were just at that moment fixing bayonets.</p> + +<p>"Fixing bayonets!" exclaimed one and all; +"then it is indeed necessary that we should +depart, so that, by the grace of God, we may +be ready to fight with renewed vigour on another +day."</p> + +<p>"That is well spoken, brethren," said Faiz Talab, +and added with considerable pathos, "but as for +me, I shall remain and die at my post."</p> + +<p>"Oh, say not so!" remarked one or two with +polite, but not very insistent interest.</p> + +<p>"Nothing will persuade me to move," stubbornly +reiterated the duffadar, devoutly praying that no +one else would insist on sharing his bed of glory.</p> + +<p>The English soldiers could now be heard talking +plainly, and one, speaking louder than the rest, +said, "Cease firing, fix bayonets, charge!" A +loud <i>hurrah</i>! sounded, and then Faiz Talab +found himself alone on his side of the wall. +That was all very well, but it was not of much +avail to have escaped so far, to end his days with +eighteen inches of a British bayonet through his best<a name="Page_143" id="Page_143"></a> +embroidered waistcoat. If it had been any Indian +regiment, or, better still, his own regiment, the +Guides, he could at once have secured safety by +declaring who he was. But with British soldiers, +none of whom would probably understand a word +he said, and all heated with the excitement of battle, +he might get the bayonet first and enquiry afterwards. +However, something had to be done; so up he +jumped and, holding up his hands, yelled, "Stop! +stop! I am a friend of the British."</p> + +<p>"'Ullo, 'ere's another bloomin' ghazi! 'ave at +'im, Bill!" was the brisk rejoinder, in the familiar +tongue of a British soldier of the 17th Foot.</p> + +<p>And "'ave at 'im" they most assuredly would, +had not a British officer arrived in the very nick +of time. "He says he is a friend of the British," +the officer shouted; "give him quarter till we find +out whether he speaks the truth or not."</p> + +<p>So reluctantly they made Faiz Talab a prisoner, +temporarily postponing the pleasure of sending him +to join his numerous friends in the ghazis' Paradise.</p> + +<p>But Faiz Talab said to the officer: "May I see +you alone? I have something important to tell you."</p> + +<p>"Yes, certainly," said the officer; "but mind, one +of my men covers you all the time."</p> + +<div>And when they drew apart, Faiz Talab took off +his shoe; under the lining was a little piece of +paper, which he handed to the officer, and on it +was written in English: <i>The bearer of this is +Duffadar Faiz Talab of the Guides: please give him +every assistance.—<span class="smcap">F.H. Jenkins</span>, Lt.-Col</i>.</div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<div><a name="pg144" id="pg144" /></div> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/jp144.jpg" +alt="Types of men in the Guides' Cavalry, both in uniform and mufti" +title="Types of men in the Guides' Cavalry, both in uniform and mufti" +width="576" height="390" /></div> + +<h2><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144"></a><a name="CHAPTER_XI" id="CHAPTER_XI" />CHAPTER XI</h2> + +<h4>THE ADVENTURES OF SHAH SOWAR AND ABDUL MUJID</h4> + + +<p>Many strange adventures have befallen individual +men of the Guides, and many a hairbreadth escape +have they had. It was only a few years ago that +the following adventures occurred.</p> + +<p>An order reached regimental headquarters to +detail a cavalry soldier who could speak Persian, and +one stout of heart and limb, to accompany a British +officer on a mission of considerable danger and +uncertainty. He was to call at a certain house, on a +certain day, in Karachi, and to ask for the name of +Smith. Shah Sowar was the trooper selected, and +when he arrived at the place of tryst he was ushered +into the presence of Smith. Smith, however, was +not Smith at all, but somebody quite different; not +that it mattered much, for Smith was only his +Karachi name.</p> + +<p>Next day, on board ship, he became the Sheikh +Abdul Qadir, on his way to Mecca or where not; +and from that moment commenced the troubles of +the redoubtable Shah Sowar. To anyone who has<a name="Page_145" id="Page_145"></a> +the least knowledge of Asia the extraordinary +difficulty which any European must experience in +disguising himself as a man of an Eastern race will +be apparent. By dint of living for years as Asiatics, +exceptional linguists like Vambery and Burton have +undoubtedly been able to pass unchallenged, but anyone +possessing qualities short of theirs must inevitably +be discovered a dozen times a day. The way we eat +and drink, the way we walk and sit, the way we wear +our clothes and boots, the way we wash,—every little +thing is absolutely different from the methods and +manners of the East.</p> + +<p>These things Shah Sowar pointed out with much +politeness, and great persistency, to Sheikh Abdul +Qadir, late Smith. "Be it spoken with the greatest +respect, but there would be less liability to the +unmannerly curiosity of strangers if the Cherisher +of the Poor wore his own clothes. Beautifully as +your Highness speaks Persian and Hindustani [his +Highness really spoke both indifferently] it would +be difficult for one of such commanding presence to +pass himself for any but an Englishman. English +officers are a race of princes; how then can they +disguise themselves as inferior folk?"</p> + +<p>"Don't fret," replied Smith, <i>alias</i> Sheikh Abdul +Qadir; "I am going to remain a prince all right; +for I propose passing myself off as a near relation of +the Amir, a refugee from Kabul."</p> + +<p>"As your Honour wishes," was the resigned +reply; but Shah Sowar saw big rollers ahead.<a name="Page_146" id="Page_146"></a></p> + +<p>Arrived on the coasts of Persia (it matters not +where), Sheikh Abdul Qadir, Shah Sowar, and a +cook-boy landed as refugees from Kabul, on their +way to place their swords and services at the disposal +of the Shah of Persia.</p> + +<p>In these days an officer with a Government +permit might probably travel, with a moderate +escort, in perfect safety throughout Persia; but at +that time a Government permit, and a small escort, +would merely have served to draw the unwelcome +attention of the hordes of robbers who infested the +country. For good and sufficient reasons our +friend Smith was required to pass through a certain +tract of very unsettled country on his journey, ways +and means being left to his own ingenuity.</p> + +<p>As Shah Sowar had foretold, the first serious pitfall +was the question of language. When persons +of some rank are travelling it is customary for the +headman, or chief, to come and pay his respects +to them, when they are encamped near his village +or domain. It was after one such visit that the chief, +as he came out, called Shah Sowar to him and said: +"Who did you say that your master is?"</p> + +<p>"Commander of the Faithful, his name is Sheikh +Abdul Qadir, a relative of the Amir of Kabul and a +refugee," glibly replied Shah Sowar, but inwardly +considerably perturbed.</p> + +<p>"Well, with all respect," replied the chief, "I +never heard anyone talk such bad Persian; he talks +just like an Englishman"; and with that he departed.<a name="Page_147" id="Page_147"></a></p> + +<p>Shah Sowar at once grasped what a narrow escape +they had had, for an Englishman found in that region +in disguise was a dead man. So soon therefore as +it was dark he persuaded his master to saddle and +move on a few miles, lest further reflection might +shed a light on the dim suspicions of the chief. +One bargain Shah Sowar made during that night +march, and that was that Sheikh Abdul Qadir +was henceforth to remain speechless, and leave +the rest to his own ingenuity and knowledge of his +countrymen.</p> + +<p>A few days afterwards an occasion offered for +testing the new arrangement. Arrived at a somewhat +important town, a servant of the local chief +came to make enquiries about the new arrivals, in +order that the etiquette of visiting might be observed, +this etiquette ruling that the inferior should pay the +first visit. Here Shah Sowar at once took a high +hand, insisting that his master, from his princely +connections, held the higher rank and must be visited +first. "But," he added in a confidential whisper, +"my master is an extraordinary man; some days he +is as lively as a bulbul and laughs and talks with +everyone; on others he sits silent and morose and +will not utter a word. Be it spoken in confidence, +but I think he must be mad. At any rate, prepare +your master. If to-day happen to be one of his bad +days, then that is kismet and your master must excuse." +Having thus prepared one side, he placed a +bed across the end of the tent and asked Sheikh<a name="Page_148" id="Page_148"></a> +Abdul Qadir, late Smith, to sit cross-legged on it, to +glare fixedly and furiously into vacancy, and to +grunt at intervals, but on no account to utter a +syllable.</p> + +<p>In due course the chief and his retinue arrived, +and were met with great politeness and many +salaams by Shah Sowar; but that worthy managed +to whisper in the chief's ear the sad intelligence that +this was one of his master's bad days, and that the +Evil Spirit was upon him. "Nevertheless be +pleased to enter," he added aloud; "His Highness +will be glad to see you."</p> + +<p>The exceedingly restricted area of the tent prevented +a large assembly, but the chief, his +brother, and Shah Sowar managed to squeeze in +and squat down. After exchanging salutations the +chief gravely stroked his beard, and gave vent to a +few polite expressions of welcome. To these Sheikh +Abdul Qadir vouchsafed no reply beyond a grunt. +The chief glanced at Shah Sowar, and that excellent +comedian, assuming the ashamed look of one disgraced +by his master's rudeness, at once made a +long-winded and complimentary reply in the most +fluent and high-flown Persian. Then, before the +effect should be lost, he ordered in tea, and commenced +an animated conversation with the two +strangers, all parties absolutely ignoring, out of +politeness, Sheikh Abdul Qadir and his Evil Spirit. +Thus anxiously skating over the thin ice, Shah +Sowar at last, with a feeling of infinite relief, bowed<a name="Page_149" id="Page_149"></a> +out the visitors, charmed with his excellent +manners and quite unsuspecting that they had sat +for half-an-hour within two feet of a British officer. +When the time for the return visit came, Shah Sowar +went alone to make the readily accepted excuse that +his master was not in a fit state that day to fulfil +social obligations.</p> + +<p>Thus the ready wit and resource of Shah Sowar +piloted the party through many dangerous waters, till +one day they chanced across a nomad tribe under a +venerable white-bearded chief, who could count a +thousand spears at his beck and call. The usual +visits of ceremony had been paid and tided over +somehow, and the travellers were resting during the +heat of the afternoon, when a confidential servant of +the White Beard came to Shah Sowar and said that +his master had sent for him. A peremptory call +like this boded no good, but by way of getting a +further puff to show which way the wind blew, Shah +Sowar assumed a haughty air. "Peace be unto you," +he said; "there is no hurry. I will come when I am +sufficiently rested, and have received permission +from my own master." "Be advised by me, who +wish you no harm, to come at once, as the matter is +of importance," replied the messenger. "Oh, very +well," grumbled Shah Sowar, feeling that trouble +was in the air; "I will come."</p> + +<p>When he arrived at the camp of the White Beard +he was immediately ushered into his tent, and there +found the old warrior seated cross-legged on a rich<a name="Page_150" id="Page_150"></a> +carpet, and gravely stroking his beard. "Look here, +Shah Sowar," said he with soldierly directness, "it +is no good lying to me. That is a sahib you have +with you. I have been to Bushire, and I know an +Englishman when I see him."</p> + +<p>Shah Sowar was prepared for this, but, by way of +gaining time, he answered: "Your Excellency's +cleverness is extraordinary; to lie to your Highness +would be the work only of a fool. Perchance my +master may be a sahib, but there are many nations +of sahibs, and why should this one be English?" +"Peace, prattler!" sternly replied the old autocrat; +"there is only one nation of real sahibs, and they are +English."</p> + +<p>Shah Sowar, driven into a corner, stroked his +beard for some time under the rebuke, and then said: +"I perceive there is no good trying to deceive so +great a diviner as you. I will speak the truth. My +master is an English officer travelling on business. +What then?"</p> + +<p>"What then?" slowly replied the White Beard. +"Why, I have sworn on the Koran, and before all +my tribe, to kill every Englishman I come across. +I fear no nation on earth but the English, and lest +they swallow me up, I have sworn to swallow them, +one by one, whenever I meet them."</p> + +<p>"If your Honour has thus sworn there is nothing +else to be said," answered Shah Sowar. "But I +have one petition to make, and that is to give us till +the morning before we die."<a name="Page_151" id="Page_151"></a></p> + +<p>"Your petition is granted; but why say 'we'? +I shall not kill you, for you are a Mahomedan, and +a Persian, and shall join my horsemen," said the +White Beard.</p> + +<p>"When the Sahib dies, I die also," was the brave +reply. And with that Shah Sowar hurried back +to tell the bad news to his master. Arrived at their +little camp, his worst forebodings were confirmed, +for a strong detachment of the White Beard's men +guarded it on every side.</p> + +<p>All that afternoon the prisoners racked their +brains to find a way of escape, and hope seemed to +die with the setting sun. Then Shah Sowar arose +and said, "I will have one more try to see what +can be done"; and gaining permission, he went +over again to the chief's camp, and asked for +another audience. The old man was at his prayers, +and Shah Sowar devoutly and humbly joined in. +When they had finished he asked for a private +audience, as he had something of importance to +say.</p> + +<p>"Well, what is it?" said the White Beard when +they were alone.</p> + +<p>"It is this," gravely replied the Guides' trooper, +"and be pleased to listen attentively. When you +bade me speak the truth this afternoon, I spoke fearlessly +and at once. I acknowledged that my Sahib +is an English officer. Hear now also the truth, and on +the Koran I am prepared to swear it. This English +officer whom you propose to kill is the bearer of an<a name="Page_152" id="Page_152"></a> +important letter to the Shah of Persia, and I swear +to you by Allah and all his prophets that, should harm +befall him, for every hair of his head the Shah will +kill one of your horsemen. Make calculation, oh +venerable one; has not the Sahib more than a +thousand hairs on his head? I have spoken. +Now do your worst, but blame not me afterwards."</p> + +<p>"This is very unfortunate," said the much perturbed +chieftain. "Have I not sworn before all my +people? How then can I now spare this Englishman? +My kismet is indeed bad; I can see no +road of escape."</p> + +<p>"That I can show you," said Shah Sowar, "and +for that am I come again."</p> + +<p>"Say on, I am listening."</p> + +<p>"You have sworn before your people that you +will kill the Englishman at dawn; but there is no +reason why the Englishman should not escape +during the night. To save your face I will heavily +bribe one of the sentries, and we will escape on foot +leaving everything behind. Thus you will get all +our horses, and mules, and tents, and all that we +have. And in the morning you can say 'It was +the will of God,' and march away in the opposite +direction."</p> + +<p>"You have spoken well," said the chief after +deep thought. "I will do as you wish; it is the will +of God." Then he added aloud, and with anger so that +all might hear: "I have spoken; at dawn the accursed +Englishman shall die, and I will shoot him with<a name="Page_153" id="Page_153"></a> +mine own hand. Praise be to Allah, and Mahomed +the prophet of Allah."</p> + +<p>So Shah Sowar went back to his Sahib and explained +the plan of escape. And as soon as all was +still the three slipped noiselessly out of the camp, past +the bribed sentry, and, setting their faces to the south, +toiled on, hiding at intervals, till they had placed +well-nigh forty miles between themselves and the +camp of the White Bearded Chief.</p> + +<p>Then his heart broke through the stiff reserve of +the Englishman, and he embraced his gallant comrade, +and said: "You and I are no longer master and +servant, sahib and trooper; you have saved my life +and henceforth we are brothers. What can I do for +you to show my gratitude?"</p> + +<p>"Nothing, Sahib, except to tell my Colonel that I +have done good service and upheld the name of the +Guides." And the only other thing that Shah Sowar +would accept was a watch to replace that which he +had lost in the flight; and on it is inscribed, <i>To my +faithful friend Shah Sowar in memory of</i>—(and +here follows the date of their flight).</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p>Amongst the explorers who have gone forth from +the Guides, taking their lives in their hands and +barely escaping, was one Abdul Mujid. This fine +specimen of the trained adventurer was working +through a hitherto unmapped and little known +country, when one evening he came to a small village, +and made his way as usual to the travellers' serai.<a name="Page_154" id="Page_154"></a> +There also, as is not unusual, he found assembled, +besides wayfarers like himself, the headman of the +village and two or three other residents, smoking +and chatting. They made room for Abdul Mujid, +and with the outwardly polite insistence of the +Oriental asked his business, whence he came, and +whither he was going.</p> + +<p>While our good friend the Guide was spinning +such romances as seemed good unto him, to account +for his presence in this secluded valley, a small boy +came and squatted down at his feet, to lose not a word +of the story. And sitting there, like a boy, or a +magpie, he picked up one of the shoes which Abdul +Mujid had slipped off as he took his seat and began +to examine it curiously. This perfectly childish act +by chance caught the wandering glance of the headman, +and as he looked at the shoes, and then up at +the fine strapping fellow who owned them, a sudden +thought occurred to him. "Those are very like +soldiers' shoes," he said in a hard, suspicious voice; "I +have seen them wearing the like in Peshawur."</p> + +<p>Abdul Mujid was considerably taken aback, for +it had never occurred to him that in these wild +parts he might chance across anyone who had +travelled far enough to know the difference between +a soldier's and any other shoe. However, his ready +wit came to his service, and with scarce a pause +he replied quietly: "Yes, I bought them in one of +the border villages from a sepoy on leave," and then +turned the conversation on to less dangerous ground.<a name="Page_155" id="Page_155"></a> +But he saw he was suspected, and any moment +might find him seized and searched. It was too +late to move on to another village; indeed to +attempt to do so would only serve to confirm +suspicion, and the moment he had passed the sacred +portals of hospitality he would have been instantly +followed and cut down.</p> + +<p>Shoes in themselves are not enough to hang a +man, but a prismatic compass assuredly is. In a +Pathan country murder, rapine, and cattle-lifting are +comparatively venial offences, little more indeed than +instances of lightheartedness; but to draw a map of +the country is worse than the seven deadly sins +rolled into one, and short will be the shrift of him +who is caught in the act. It therefore seemed to +Abdul Mujid only a wise precaution to get rid of his +prismatic compass as speedily as possible.</p> + +<p>With this end in view he walked over to the well, +as if to get a drink of water, and, as skilfully as he +could, dropped the compass down the well. But +fate was against him that day; sharp ears heard the +hollow splash, and sharp voices immediately demanded +what he had thrown down the well.</p> + +<p>"Only a stone off the coping," replied Abdul +Mujid.</p> + +<p>"You lie!" yelled the headman. "You are a spy +of the accursed British Government, and out of +your own mouth will I condemn you. Here, +Yusuf, get a stout rope and let the boy down the +well; there isn't more than half a yard of water<a name="Page_156" id="Page_156"></a> +in it, and we will soon see whether the stranger +lies or not."</p> + +<p>Here was a nice predicament! But Abdul Mujid +faced the peril like a man, and held to the faint +hope that no one would recognise the instrument +even if they found it. It was a false hope. In a +few minutes up came the boy, gleefully flourishing +the damning evidence, and there was not one who +doubted what it was. Probably in the circumstances, +whatever the article it would have had the same +effect, for the case was already prejudiced.</p> + +<p>"Now then, thou son of a burnt father, what +sayest thou?" screamed the headman. "Thou art +a spy as I said, and shalt surely die. <i>Hein!</i> what +sayest thou?"</p> + +<p>"You speak truth, father," replied the sepoy. "I +am making a map for the British Government; but +this is only a little portion of it, and if you object I +will leave out this part altogether, and then there +can be no cause of offence."</p> + +<p>"Go to," sneered the headman, "I shall take +a much more effective way of closing the matter by +killing you at once. Here, Yusuf, bring my gun, +and you, young men, see that this misbegotten +Kafir does not escape."</p> + +<p>So Yusuf went off for the gun, and Abdul Mujid +turned his face towards Mecca, and said the evening +prayer. Then hope came to him from above and +he said to the headman: "Be not hasty; I am a +follower of the Prophet as also are ye. Give me<a name="Page_157" id="Page_157"></a> +till the morning that I may make my peace with +Allah."</p> + +<p>"It is well said," interposed a bystander; "he is +alone and has no chance of escape. Let us therefore +not kill him like a dog or an infidel; but let him +make his peace with Allah, and then in the morning +he shall die."</p> + +<p>And so it was settled, and Abdul Mujid was +bound hand and foot, and laid upon a <i>charpoy</i>[1]; and +beside him, with a drawn sword at his side, lay down +the man who was to guard him, the two on the +same bed.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p>[1] <i>Charpoy</i>, the common bed of the country.</p></div> + +<p>All night long Abdul Mujid lay racking his brains +for a means of escape, and found none; and then +just before dawn came Allah to his help. Nudging +his bedfellow hard, the sepoy said: "Awake, +sluggard, I wish to go and pray."</p> + +<p>"Well, go and pray," grumbled the guard.</p> + +<p>"Go and pray!" replied Abdul Mujid; "how can +I go and pray with my arms and feet tied? Can I +make the salutations and genuflections ordered in +the Koran while thus strapped up?"</p> + +<p>"No, I suppose you can't," answered the guard. +"But you also don't suppose I am going to leave +my warm quilt on this bitterly cold morning to +guard you while you pray?"</p> + +<p>"That is not the least necessary," said Abdul +Mujid; "if you will free one hand I will spread my +own carpet by the bed, and you can thus guard me<a name="Page_158" id="Page_158"></a> +without getting up, for my legs are tied, and therefore +I cannot escape. Assuredly Allah hath spread +the cloak of stupidity and sloth over this fellow," +he said to himself, as his janitor rolled over, and +lazily muttering "Oh very well, anything for a little +peace," to the sepoy's intense delight fumblingly +untied one of his hands.</p> + +<p>What followed was like a streak of lightning from +heaven. In one flash Abdul Mujid had seized the +naked sword, and the slothful sentry, before he could +draw another breath, lay dead to all below; in +another flash he had severed his bonds, and was +making the best of his way across the fields. Nor +did he halt, night or day, till weary and exhausted +he fell down and slept by the first milestone that +proclaimed that he was again in British territory.</p> + +<p>Nearly a year afterwards a motley band of +ruffians might have been seen walking up the +main road at Mardan towards the Court-House. +It was a deputation from a far-away country come +to discuss matters with the political officer. At +their head on a sorry steed rode the chief person: +at the roadside by the post-office, idly watching the +party file past, was a man of the Guides; and +when the eyes of those two, the Guide and the man +on the pony, met, they both remembered the village +well, and one recollected how nearly it was his last +night on earth.</p> + +<p>"May you never grow weary," said the Guide in +the polite formula of the road.<a name="Page_159" id="Page_159"></a></p> + +<p>"May your riches ever increase," came the stock +reply.</p> + +<p>"And how about that man on the charpoy?" +bawled Abdul Mujid.</p> + +<p>"Oh, he's all right, having by the mercy of God +a thick skull," came the reply.</p> + +<p>"Shāhbāsh! come and feast with me when your +business is finished. I will make preparations at +the cook-shop at the head of the bazaar."</p> + +<p>And so ended in peace and jollification an adventure +which at one time looked much more like cold-blooded +murder and a string of vendettas.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160"></a><a name="CHAPTER_XII" id="CHAPTER_XII" />CHAPTER XII</h2> + +<h4>THE RELIEF OF CHITRAL</h4> + + +<p>The anxiety of great events in South Africa has +somewhat dimmed the recollection of our smaller +troubles in previous years; but perhaps there are +some who can recall the feeling of tense suspense +that enthralled the nation during the spring of 1895.</p> + +<p>Two hundred miles from our borders in an +inaccessible, and hitherto almost unheard of, valley +lay besieged a little force of Indian soldiers, under +the command of a sprinkling of British officers. +Between the beleaguered garrison and the nearest +support lay great chains of the highest mountains in +the world, still covered thick in snow, rivers deep +and strong and of incredible treachery, roads that were +mere goat-tracks carried along the face of precipices, +or following a shingly bed between stupendous walls +of rock, many made doubly perilous by craftily +prepared stone-shoots. To add to the difficulties of +the task climatic variations of extraordinary diversity +had to be overcome, for troops might one day be +freezing on a pass twenty thousand feet above the sea,<a name="Page_161" id="Page_161"></a> +and on another sweltering under the tropical heat of +the valley below; days passed under the scorching +rays of an Eastern sun might be succeeded by nights +without shelter under storms of cold and pitiless +rain. Finally one of the two relief columns had to +pass through two hundred miles of unmapped and +unexplored country, inhabited by armed fanatical +tribes fiercely opposed to the passage of the troops +while the other, weak in numbers, and marching <i>en +l'air</i> hundreds of miles from any support, was a +veritable forlorn hope.</p> + +<p>It speaks highly for the mobilisation arrangements +of the Indian Army that within eleven days a corps +of all arms, twenty-five thousand strong, had derailed +at a little roadside station, and under Sir Robert Low +had marched forty-two miles to the frontier, fought a +decisive action, and forced the first barrier of mountains +on its road to Chitral. Unhappily it does not +lie within the region of this story to relate how the +gallant forlorn hope under Colonel Kelly, overcoming +stupendous difficulties, made its way to the +succour of the sore beset garrison, but history has +already done justice to that gallant achievement. +Here, in a regimental narrative we are naturally +restricted to the column to which the Guides +belonged.</p> + +<p>On the opening day of the campaign it fell to the +Guides' infantry to turn the right flank of the enemy, +having, supported by the 4th Sikhs, captured after +five hours' hard fighting a commanding mountain, to<a name="Page_162" id="Page_162"></a> +this day called the Guides' Hill, which completely +dominated and turned the Malakand position. It +was next day, however, that a weak squadron of the +Guides' cavalry had the opportunity of performing +a notable service. After the passage of the Malakand +the road runs down between gently sloping +spurs into the Swat Valley. At the end of one of +these spurs was a rocky outcrop, which would now +be called a <i>kopje</i>, and holding this was a regiment +of Dogras, while in support, under cover, lay the +best part of a brigade of infantry. Just under the +tail end of the kopje stood dismounted a squadron, +fifty strong, of the Guides, under Captain Adams +and Lieutenant Baldwin. The neighbouring hills +were covered with dense masses of the enemy, +firing heavily, and severely pressing the Dogras. +Evening was drawing on and the day too far advanced +for the British force to commit itself to any very +forward or extended operations.</p> + +<div><a name="pg162" id="pg162" /></div> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/jp162.jpg" +alt="Non-commissioned Officer and Trooper of the Guides' Cavalry" +title="Non-commissioned Officer and Trooper of the Guides' Cavalry" +width="574" height="413" /></div> + +<p>At this moment a temporary non-combatant, the +well-known Roddy Owen, then acting as a newspaper +correspondent, in the course of doing a little +scouting on his own account discovered a large +force of the enemy, estimated at two thousand men, +committed to the open with the evident intention of +enveloping the left flank of the Dogras. This news +he at once communicated to Captain Adams, and +that officer rode back a short distance to take the +General's orders. Just as he was returning, +Lieutenant Baldwin, seeing that the moment to<a name="Page_163" id="Page_163"></a> +strike had arrived, boldly took the initiative and +set off on his gallant venture. The effect was +little short of magical, and established irrevocably +the <i>moral</i> of cavalry and the <i>arme blanche</i> for +the rest of the campaign. The moment the little +squadron of the Guides appeared round the corner, +yelling the well-known war-whoop of the Indian +soldier, the whole of the forward movement of the +enemy's masses ceased. There was a moment of +hesitation, another of delay, and then the whole body +broke and fled, fiercely pursued by the cavalry. The +execution done was considerable, but greater still was +the moral effect. From that day forth a mounted man +was a power in the land.</p> + +<p>The Relief Force now pushed across the Swat +River, and over the Saram range of mountains, and +came in due course to the formidable Panjkora River, +formidable not so much from its size, or breadth, but +from its great rapidity and uncertainty. In a single +night, fed by melting snow from the higher levels, it +would rise from twelve to fourteen feet. And this +is exactly what happened at a critical moment, when +it fell to the honour of the Guides to avert a serious +disaster.</p> + +<p>Before the Relief Force could cross it was necessary +to bridge the river, and this was done at a narrow part. +Directly it was completed the Guides were ordered +across to hold the bridge-head, and thus cover the +passage of the main body next morning. That the +defence might not be a passive one only, Lieutenant-<a name="Page_164" id="Page_164"></a>Colonel +Fred Battye, who was commanding, was +ordered at dawn to push out, destroy all the neighbouring +villages, and turn the enemy out of all positions +from which they had been operating during the +construction of the bridge, and from which they could +harass the passage of the force. During the night a +freshet came down, the river rose fourteen feet, +and the newly finished bridge was swept away. +The Guides were thus isolated on the far bank, +but getting no orders to the contrary, and very +possibly thinking that to remain inactive was to +invite unwelcome attention to their condition, +Colonel Battye decided to adhere to the original +programme. Therefore leaving two companies at +the site of the broken bridge, he at six in the +morning moved out to drive back the enemy's +outposts, and destroy such villages as were troublesome.</p> + +<p>Up to nine o'clock there was no opposition to speak +of. Colonel Battye then formed the five companies of +the Guides, which constituted his force, into three +small columns, and was proceeding to carry out more +extended operations, when, from the high ground +now occupied, dense masses of the enemy, afterwards +officially estimated at from seven to ten thousand, +were seen rapidly approaching his right flank. It +had evidently become known to the enemy that the +bridge was broken, and that the Guides were cut off +by an impassable river from all support. The +matter was immediately reported by heliograph to<a name="Page_165" id="Page_165"></a> +Sir Robert Low, and orders as promptly sent for +the Guides to retire on the bridge-head.</p> + +<p>It is on an occasion like this that the true fighting +value of a regiment shows itself. Great as +is the glory of those who, surrounded by comrades, +are borne on the tide of great events to victory, still +greener are the laurels that adorn the standards of +those who, amidst great tribulation and fighting +against overwhelming odds, keep untarnished their +ancient fame.</p> + +<p>Before the anxious eyes of an army, so near yet so +powerless to help, the Guides commenced their retirement. +With the great mountains as an amphitheatre +the drama began to unfold itself before the +gaze of waiting thousands. At first so far away +were they, so few, so scattered, and clad to match the +colour of the hills, that only the strongest glasses could +make out the position of the Guides; but apparent +to the naked eye of all was the great straggling mass +which was falling with relentless swiftness, guillotine-like, +on the narrow neck of the communications with +the bridge. With cool intrepid courage, with a deliberation +which appeared almost exasperating to the +onlookers, Colonel Battye and his men took up the +challenge. Little parties of soldiers could be descried +slowly sauntering back, a few yards only, then +disappearing amongst the rocks with a rattle of rifle-fire. +Then back came more little parties of soldiers, +all seemingly sauntering, all with the long sunny day +before them. And after them bounded great waves<a name="Page_166" id="Page_166"></a> +of men in blue, and men in white, only to break and +stagger back before those little clumps of rock in +which the rearmost soldiers lay. "Get back, get +back! Damn you, why don't you get back?" +shouted the spectators on the eastern bank in +impotent excitement. But no word of this reached +the Guides on the slopes of the still far-off mountain-side; +nor would they have heeded had they heard, +for they had been born and bred to the two simple +maxims, "Be fiery quick in attack, but deadly +slow in retirement." And so slowly back they came, +and in their wake lay strewn the white and blue +figures, all huddled up, or stark and flat.</p> + +<p>The retirement now brought the regiment down +the spur of a lofty hill which forms the angle where +the Jandul River flows into the Panjkora. This +hill is to the south of the Jandul, while the +bridge-head was to the north. Thus to reach +their entrenchment the Guides had to retire +down the spur they were now on, and to cross the +Jandul.</p> + +<p>It was now noon, and at about this time the +enemy's masses were seen to divide in two; one-half +keeping to the right, so as to support the attack on +the Guides, while the other column continued down +the Jandul, so as to cut the regiment off from its +bridge-head. Foot by foot (to the spectators it +seemed inch by inch) the different companies retired +alternatively, fiercely assailed on all hands, yet coolly +firing volley after volley, relinquishing quietly and<a name="Page_167" id="Page_167"></a> +almost imperceptibly one strong position, only to take +up another a few yards back.</p> + +<p>At last the impatient spectators on the left bank +of the Panjkora had a chance of helping, for the +enemy were now within range of the mountain-guns, +and the steady and accurate fire of these greatly +relieved the pressure. At the same time the two +companies of the Guides in the entrenchment, +seeing that the enemy's left column was closing down, +moved out to check their advance, and to stretch +out to the rest of the regiment a helping hand. +The whole of the 2nd Brigade also lined their +bank of the Panjkora, and prepared with flank fire +to help the Guides, when they reached the foot of +the spur. Here it would have to cross several +hundred yards of level ground, on which the +green barley was standing waist-high, ford the +Jandul, about three feet deep, and then across +more open fields to the friendly bridge-head. This +naturally was the most difficult part of the operation, +and in executing it Colonel Fred Battye, the +fourth of the heroic brothers to be killed in action, fell +mortally wounded. He was, as might be expected +from one of his race, always at the point of danger +throughout the retirement, and as he crossed the open +zone among the last, a sharp-shooter at close range, +from behind a withered tree, fired the fatal shot.</p> + +<p>It was on this open ground that the extraordinary +bravery of the enemy was most brilliantly shown. +Standard-bearers with reckless gallantry could be<a name="Page_168" id="Page_168"></a> +seen rushing to certain destruction, falling perhaps +within ten yards of the line of the Guides; men, +who had used up all their ammunition, would rush +forward with large rocks and hurl them at the +soldiers, courting instant death. Nothing could +damp their ardour, or check the fury of their +assaults. Even after the Guides had crossed the +river, and the enemy were under a severe flank +fire from the Gordon Highlanders and King's +Own Scottish Borderers, they dashed into the +stream, where each man stood out as clear as a bullseye +on a target, and attempted to close again. But +not a man got across, so steady and well directed +was the flank fire of the British regiments. This +welcome diversion enabled the Guides to complete +the retirement into their entrenchment at the bridge-head, +and there make rapid preparation for the +attack that must follow; for though the enemy had +lost six hundred men, their spirit was by no means +broken.</p> + +<p>Reinforcements consisting of two companies of +the 4th Sikhs, and the Devonshire Regiment Maxim +gun, were sent across after much labour by means +of a little skin raft that only held two at a time. +The near bank was also <i>sungared</i> and held by the +2nd Brigade and the Derajat mountain battery, +which at eight hundred yards' range could fire over +the heads of those at the bridge-head. Several +officers of the Guides' cavalry also volunteered to<a name="Page_169" id="Page_169"></a> +cross over and help their comrades, for in a night +attack it was a matter of holding their own, covering +fire from the near bank being too dangerous +an expedient.</p> + +<p>The Guides, who were now under that good and +cheery soldier Fred. Campbell, put out no picquets, +so as to keep clear the field of fire, and every man +slept, or sat awake, at his fighting station with his +rifle in his hand. The enemy could be heard close +by in large numbers, hidden by a fold in the +ground, and directly darkness set in they began +yelling and tom-tomming in the most approved +fashion. This was to work up any flagging spirits +that there might be, and to exalt the courage of +all, for two thousand chosen warriors, sword in +hand, lay ready in the standing corn, to make a +desperate dash at the given signal, which was +to be the first peep of the crescent moon over +the mountains, calculated for about midnight. +There was some warlike cunning in this, for when +a moon is about to rise every weary watcher is +looking for it during the last moments, and then +looking down again would find everything dark +as the pit's mouth by comparison. In those few +seconds the assailants meant to bound across the +short intervening space, and come to close grips +with the enemy who had staved them off all day +and half the night.</p> + +<p>It was then that the use of one of the resources of +science stood the British in good stead, and probably +saved the lives of many hundreds. The officer<a name="Page_170" id="Page_170"></a> +commanding the Derajat battery, peering anxiously +through the darkness, and perplexed to know what +was happening, bethought him to throw a star shell +over the Guides' entrenchment, so as to light up the +ground beyond. The effect was magical. "What +new devilment is this?" exclaimed the brave but +ignorant tribesmen. And when another, and yet +another, came, they said: "This is an invention of +the Evil One; it is magic, and will cast a spell over +us. We cannot fight against devils such as these."</p> + +<p>And so those few harmless fireworks effected the +same purpose as a storm of shot and shell. All that +vast throng melted away, and only a few of the +braver sort held post till morning. But before going +they inflicted one great loss, mortally wounding +the gifted Captain Peebles, the only officer who knew +the working of a Maxim gun, then new to the army.</p> + +<p>The remainder of the campaign was a matter of +a few days. How Kelly, with his gallant regiment, +the 32nd Pioneers, pushed on from the north, +overcoming stupendous difficulties; how a strong +force of levies under the Khan of Dir was thrust +on from the south; how Aylmer, the brave and +resourceful Sapper, working night and day threw +a suspension bridge of telegraph wire across the +Panjkora; how Sir Robert Low, crossing with +his whole force, fought a decisive and conclusive +battle at Mundah; and how thus, by a fine strategic +combination, worked from widely divergent bases, +Sir George White effected in the course of seventeen<a name="Page_171" id="Page_171"></a> +days the relief of the sore beset garrison of Chitral, +are recorded amongst the many and sterling achievements +of the army of India.</p> + +<p>Amongst the trophies and standards brought down +by the Guides was a solid brass cannon of +tremendous weight captured at Mundah. In a +mountainous country where there are no roads, and +for a weight far beyond the carrying capacity of a +pack animal, there appeared to be no alternative to +leaving the gun behind. But rather than do this the +men volunteered to carry it themselves, and thus +twenty men at a time carried the gun while their +comrades carried a double load of arms and +ammunition. The gun now stands at Mardan near +the memorial to the officers and men who fell in +defence of the Kabul Embassy, and on it is +engraved in Persian the curious and bombastic +inscription:—</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">It's mouth is open wide to eat.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">What shall I call it? A gun or a serpent?</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">This gun is most heavy, and makes victory certain.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">There is none like it in India or Kabul.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Made by Ghulam Rasul.</span><br /> +</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<div><a name="pg172" id="pg172" /></div> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/jp172.jpg" +alt="Thirty-four wearers of the Star "For Valour," all serving at one time in the Corps of Guides. This is the highest distinction open to an Indian soldier for gallantry in action. The group illustrates the variety of tribes enlisted in the Guides-Afridis, Yusafzai Pathans, Khuttuks, Sikhs, Punjabi Mahomedans, Punjabi Hindus, Farsiwans (Persians), Dogras, Gurkhas, Kabulis, Turcomans, &c., &c., most of whom are here represented" +title="Thirty-four wearers of the Star "For Valour," all serving at one time in the Corps of Guides. This is the highest distinction open to an Indian soldier for gallantry in action. The group illustrates the variety of tribes enlisted in the Guides-Afridis, Yusafzai Pathans, Khuttuks, Sikhs, Punjabi Mahomedans, Punjabi Hindus, Farsiwans (Persians), Dogras, Gurkhas, Kabulis, Turcomans, &c., &c., most of whom are here represented" +width="627" height="399" /></div> + +<h2><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172"></a><a name="CHAPTER_XIII" id="CHAPTER_XIII" />CHAPTER XIII</h2> + +<h4>THE MALAKAND, 1897</h4> + + +<p>As the officers of the Guides were sitting at +dinner on the night of July 26th, 1897, a telegram +was handed to Colonel Adams informing him that +the Malakand position had been attacked by overwhelming +numbers, that the garrison was with difficulty +holding its own, and asking him to bring up +his corps as speedily as possible to its succour.</p> + +<p>Accustomed for decades to these sudden appeals, +the Guides' cavalry, bag and baggage, supplies, +transport, and all complete, were off in three hours, +and the Guides' infantry followed them. The march +was twenty-nine miles along the flat to Dargai, and +then seven miles rise and two thousand feet climb to +the summit of the Malakand Pass. For cavalry, +considering the time of year, it was by no means a +mean undertaking; for infantry it was one of the +highest achievement. To march thirty-six miles +under service conditions, in the most favourable circumstances +of weather, temperature, and training, +is a high test of endurance; but to do so when<a name="Page_173" id="Page_173"></a> +the muscles are enervated with heat, along a treeless, +waterless road, during the fiercest term of the +summer solstice, was a feat to secure the admiration +of every soldier. The march was accomplished +in sixteen hours, the first twenty-nine miles +being covered without any regular halt, and the last +seven miles up a mountain on which the blazing +afternoon sun was beating its fiercest. Yet not a +man fell out, and it is recorded by an eye-witness[1] +that as the regiment passed the quarter-guards, the +men came to attention, and answered the salute as +smartly as if just returning from a parade march. +The Guides of 1897 had borne themselves no +wit less worthily than the Guides of 1857 or the +Guides of 1879. To Lieutenant P. Eliott-Lockhart +belongs the honour of commanding the Guides' +infantry in this fine soldierly performance, and the +Distinguished Service Order worthily decorated him +for this and other gallant service. To arrive as a +reinforcement is to be welcome enough; to arrive +by exertions beyond the compass of calculation, in +time to afford assistance at the critical moment, is +the fortune of few. Yet thrice has this good +fortune smiled on the efforts of the Guides, at Delhi, +at Kabul, and at the Malakand.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p>[1] <i>The Story of the Malakand Field Force</i>; by Winston Spencer +Churchill, Lieut. 4th Hussars. London, 1898.</p></div> + +<p>Arrived, and without a moment to rest or +ease their belts, these weary, but stout-hearted +fellows went straight on outpost duty, that 27th of<a name="Page_174" id="Page_174"></a> +July, 1897, and spent the livelong night, not in +sleep, or even a quiet turn of sentry-go, but in a +desperate hand to hand fight with swarms of brave +and persistent warriors.</p> + +<p>Piece by piece the officers heard the strange story +of the sudden rising. It appears that while the +officers of the Malakand garrison, in days of profound +peace, were playing polo down at Khar, a village three +miles away, the villagers came to them with a warning. +They said that a very holy mullah from Upper Swat +was coming down the valley with a large following +to attack the Malakand, and advised the officers to +get back to their defences as soon as possible; they +even assisted back the grooms with the spare ponies. +Yet these very same friendly villagers a few hours later +were caught in the frenzied flame of fanaticism, and +were charging with the most devoted bravery breastworks +held by troops commanded by the very +officers whom they had just helped to save.</p> + +<p>Amongst the officers playing polo were Lieutenants +Rattray and Minchin, who belonged to the garrison +of Chakdara some seven or eight miles up the Swat +Valley. To return to their posts they had therefore +to pass right through the tide of armed men flowing +down the valley in great numbers. Yet as illustrating +the chivalrous nature of the wild hillmen, a +trait somewhat unusual amongst the more fanatical +Pathans, the officers were allowed to pass unmolested, +and indeed here and there a friendly voice +bade them make good speed home. The British<a name="Page_175" id="Page_175"></a> +officer's custom of being out and about doing something, +instead of sitting permanently at home studying +or playing chess, stood him in good stead on +this occasion, giving, as it proved, a good four hours' +warning in advance.</p> + +<p>It was not till after ten o'clock at night that the +carefully planned attacks on the Malakand and Chakdara +were delivered simultaneously by great swarms of +tribesmen, with a resolution and bravery worthy of +the highest admiration. At the Malakand there +were many anxious moments, for the position was an +extended one, and, by the nature of the ground, +difficult for a small garrison to preserve from +penetration. It was a night of individual heroism, +a soldier's battle, where little knots of men under +their officers fought independently, and with undiminished +courage, though often cut off from all +communication. No less brave was the enemy, and +it was not until dawn that he reluctantly withdrew. +This was the first of five nights and days through +which the British garrison had to stand this stern +ordeal.</p> + +<p>The first thing to be done when daylight made +concerted movements possible, was to contract the +perimeter of defence, so as to make it more +tenable by the number of troops available. The +original garrison was now augmented by the arrival +of the Guides, horse and foot. It was with +considerable reluctance that Colonel Meiklejohn, +who had himself been wounded by a sword-cut,<a name="Page_176" id="Page_176"></a> +decided on abandoning what was known as the +North Camp, a position some distance below and +isolated from the Malakand. This camp had been +established both to allow the cavalry and pack-animals +to be near water, of which there was scarcity +on the Malakand itself; and also for sanitary +reasons, so as to keep so large a number of animals out +of a restricted area. The abandonment of this camp, +necessary though it was, undoubtedly had an +extraordinarily heartening effect on the enemy. All +night they had fought desperately, and lost heavily, +without apparently gaining any result; but the +retirement of the troops from the North Camp, +besides leaving in their hands the large tents +and heavy baggage of all sorts, impossible to move +at short notice, showed that the garrison also had +felt the stress of battle.</p> + +<p>Strongly reinforced, and with new heart, so soon +as night fell the tribesmen renewed their attack. +As illustrating the desperate nature of the fighting, +out of one picquet of twenty-five men of the 31st +Punjab Infantry, the native officer and eighteen men +were killed or wounded; while out of another picquet, +consisting of the Guides and forty-five Sikhs, twenty-one +were killed or wounded; and all this was done +in close hand to hand fighting. Lieutenant Lockhart +thus describes the scene:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>It was a veritable pandemonium that would seem to +have been let loose around us. Bands of <i>ghazis</i>, worked +up by their religious enthusiasm into a frenzy of fanatical<a name="Page_177" id="Page_177"></a> +excitement, would charge our breastworks again and again, +leaving their dead in scores after each repulse, while those +of their comrades who were unarmed would encourage their +efforts by shouting, with much beating of tom-toms, and +other musical instruments. Amidst the discordant din +which raged around, we could even distinguish bugle calls, +evidently sounded by some <i>soi-disant</i> bugler of our native +army. As he suddenly collapsed in the middle of the +"officers' mess call" we concluded that a bullet had brought +him to an untimely end.[1]</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p>[1] <i>A Frontier Campaign</i>; by the Viscount Fincastle, V.C., Lieutenant +16th Lancers, and P.C. Eliott-Lockhart, D.S.O., Lieutenant Queen's +Own Corps of Guides. London, 1898.</p></div> + +<p>The fighting went on all night, and at daybreak +the garrison, to show that they were none the worse +for it, made a spirited counter attack, the 24th +Punjab Infantry under Lieutenant Climo, the senior +surviving officer, doing great execution. A desultory +fire was kept up by the enemy during the day, +while the British force improved their defences.</p> + +<p>As darkness fell on the third night, the enemy, +undaunted and heavily reinforced from countries +as far afield as Buner, again advanced to the +attack, the brunt of which fell on the 31st Punjab +Infantry, a regiment so depleted by losses that Lieutenant +H. Maclean, of the Guides' cavalry, was +requisitioned to give a helping hand. This officer, +together with Lieutenants Ford and Swinley, were +severely wounded. Towards morning the attack +again died away, and the indomitable garrison still +held its own.</p> + +<p>On the fourth night, in addition to bonfires placed<a name="Page_178" id="Page_178"></a> +out in front of the defences, to make the enemy's +movements clear, it was decided to try the effect of +mines, and portions of a serai, lately occupied by +the Sappers and now abandoned, were accordingly +undermined. At nightfall the enemy immediately +seized this serai as an advance post to further +their attack, and when it was crowded the mine was +fired with fatal results. For a time a death-like +silence reigned, the enemy being apparently thunderstruck +at the awful disaster. Minor attacks, however, +were still persisted in, and the tribesmen did not +draw off till three in the morning.</p> + +<p>A fifth night had barely settled down on the +garrison when, undeterred by four unsuccessful and +costly attacks, or by the terrors of unseen mines, +the enemy again swarmed down on the weary but +undismayed defenders. To add to their difficulties, +a severe dust storm, followed by torrents +of rain, fell on the camp, and at the height of the +storm a most determined attack was made on the +45th Sikhs, but was repulsed with great loss. Sitting +drenched to the skin the garrison patiently +awaited the dawn.</p> + +<p>That day, the 31st of July, brought welcome reinforcements, +consisting of the 35th Sikhs and the +38th Dogras, under Colonel Reid. Thus strengthened, +Colonel Meiklejohn determined to take the +offensive, and attempt to force his way to the +assistance of the isolated garrison of Chakdara. +The cavalry, consisting of the Guides and 11th Bengal<a name="Page_179" id="Page_179"></a> +Lancers, were to lead the way, but these regiments +before they could get into the open were so strongly +attacked in the rocky defiles from which they tried +to issue, that they could make no headway and had +to return to camp.</p> + +<p>Meanwhile Sir Bindon Blood had arrived to take +over the command, and decided to postpone further +endeavours to relieve Chakdara till the next day. +The intervening night seems to have been a quiet +one, and before dawn the British force commenced +to move. The attack was unexpected at so early an +hour: the enemy were surprised and driven out from +the heights to the east of the Malakand position; and +the command of ground thus gained enabled this +successful column to clear the flank of the exit from +the Malakand, and to ensure the unopposed initial +advance of the main body. Before reaching the +open valley, however, strong parties of the enemy +were found holding the rocky spurs and kopjes +intervening. These after sharp fighting were carried +with the bayonet by the Guides, 35th and 45th Sikhs, +and the way was opened, the cavalry doing great +execution amongst the flying enemy.</p> + +<p>Meanwhile the small garrison of Chakdara had, +for the space of six days and nights, been undergoing +no mean adventures. It will be remembered that +Lieutenants Rattray and Minchin (the Political +Officer) were, on the afternoon of July 26th, playing +polo at Khar, some seven or eight miles away down +the Swat Valley. Warned there of impending<a name="Page_180" id="Page_180"></a> +trouble they rode back through the gathering storm +to their post, the little fort of Chakdara situated on +the north bank of the Swat River. Soon after ten +o'clock that night a beacon, lighted by a friendly +hand across the valley, gave timely notice that an +attack was imminent. The garrison, two companies +of the 45th Sikhs and twenty men of the 11th Bengal +Lancers, hurried to their posts, and after a short +delay the assault began, and never ceased for the best +part of a week!</p> + +<p>The fort was badly situated for defence, being +indeed more a bridge-head guard than a fort. The +rock on which it stood was commanded by a great +spur running down to it from the west; and the only +obstacle that prevented that spur being occupied in +full by the enemy was a small tower, used for signalling +purposes and occupied by a few Sikhs. The story +of that little post is an epic in itself; surrounded +on all sides, isolated from all help, with scanty food, +and at the end no water, for six days and nights it +gallantly held its own.</p> + +<p>As for the fort itself, it was so completely commanded +by the fire from the spurs that to move about +in it was to court death. Yet thus glued to the +walls, and assailed night and day by brave warriors +whose numbers rose rapidly from fifteen hundred +to over ten thousand, a few young British officers +with a couple of hundred Sikhs again and again +rolled back the tide of war. The history of +that week was as the history of the Malakand,<a name="Page_181" id="Page_181"></a> +continuous attacks by night and day; but the +execution done on the enemy, considering the smallness +of the garrison, was comparatively higher; +statistics are difficult to gather, but a fairly accurate +estimate puts their loss at two thousand. And, to +illustrate the indomitable courage and unflagging +spirit with which the defence was maintained to the +end, when on the last day the thrice welcome sight +of the Guides' cavalry and the 11th Bengal Lancers, +coming over the Amandara Pass, met the view of +that weary little band, they in their turn became the +attackers, and, led by the undaunted Rattray, sallied +forth and stormed the enemy's positions. To +Hedley Wright who commanded, and to Rattray +and Wheatley who were the soul of the defence, +as well as to the gallant Sikhs, is due the admiration +of every soldier who loves to hear of a good fight +fought out to the end as British officers and men led +by them know how to fight it.</p> + +<p>As at the Malakand, so at Chakdara, and so times +without number, it is the gallant British subaltern, in +spite of silly chatter, who again and again has shown +the highest attributes of an officer and a soldier. +It is the foolish custom of a certain class of Englishman +to decry all that is their own; and amongst +the latest of these victims of a dyspeptic imagination +is the British officer. Men call him stupid, who +would themselves have no chance of passing the +intellectual test which every young officer has to go +through. Sitting safe and smug at home they libel<a name="Page_182" id="Page_182"></a> +the courage and devotion of the gallant gentleman +who is giving his life for them. Perhaps against +these may be placed the word of an old soldier, who +for thirty years has seen the British officer, as fighter, +diplomatist, and administrator, in all parts of the +world, and who has not lightly come to the conclusion +that he has not his better in the army of any country, +and is only equalled by his brother of the British +Navy.</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p>Marshalling and redistributing his forces, Sir +Bindon Blood, after the relief of Chakdara, proceeded +systematically to punish the tribes involved +in the late fanatical upheaval. Amongst the first +to be so dealt with were the tribesmen of the Upper +Swat, and the action of Landāki was the result.</p> + +<p>The tribesmen held a position on a big spur +running down from the mountains, and meeting an +unfordable river with a steep cliff. Round the face +of this cliff a narrow causeway led to a fairly +open valley beyond. It was the business of the +infantry to clear this spur, or ridge, and this they +accomplished after some severe climbing and hard +fighting. As the defeated enemy were seen streaming +across the valley, making for a further ridge two +or three miles in the rear, the Guides' cavalry were +let loose in pursuit; but before debouching into the +valley they had to pass along the causeway, some +three-quarters of a mile in length, in single file. As<a name="Page_183" id="Page_183"></a> +everyone knows, who has experience of single file +work, even a moderate pace in front means inevitable +straggling behind. The officer leading, in his +eagerness to get at the enemy, lost sight of this fact, +and so soon as he made the valley, with the first +few men set off at a round pace after the enemy. +At the head of the pursuit was also Lieutenant +R.T. Greaves, of the Lancashire Fusiliers, who +was acting as war-correspondent to a newspaper. +After traversing a mile, and leaving the men further +and further behind, the two officers saw the enemy +passing through a wooded graveyard and on to +a spur some eighty yards in the rear.</p> + +<p>Colonel Adams, who was coming up fast with the +main body, shouted to the two officers to stop, but +owing to the noise of firing could not make himself +heard. He at once saw that the place to seize was the +graveyard, cavalry pursuit up a rocky hill being +naturally impracticable, and from there to open fire +on the retreating enemy. He therefore at once +seized the graveyard with dismounted men. To +describe the events of the next few minutes it had best +be done in the words of an officer who was an eye-witness +and whose account appears in <i>A Frontier +Campaign</i>:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>On Palmer and Greaves approaching the hill, they were +subject to a heavy fire from the enemy. Palmer's horse +was at once killed, whilst Greaves, having been shot at close +quarters, fell, some twenty yards further on, among the +Pathans, who at once proceeded to hack at him with their +swords. Seeing this, Adams and Fincastle went out to his +assistance followed by two sowars, who galloped towards<a name="Page_184" id="Page_184"></a> +Palmer, at that moment engaged in hand-to-hand conflict +with a standard-bearer. Palmer had been shot through the +right wrist and was only saved by the opportune appearance +of these two men, who enabled him to get back to the +shelter of the ziārat in safety. Meanwhile Fincastle, who +had had his horse killed while galloping up to where +Greaves lay, tried to lift Greaves on to Adams's horse, in +the process of which Greaves was again shot through the +body, and Adams's horse wounded. They were soon +joined by the two sowars who had been to Palmer's +assistance, and almost immediately after by Maclean, who +having first dismounted his squadron in the ziārat, had +very pluckily ridden out with four of his men to the +assistance of this small party, who otherwise would have +been rushed by the enemy. With his assistance Greaves +was successfully brought in, but unfortunately Maclean, +who had dismounted in order to help in lifting the body +on to his horse, was shot through both thighs and died +almost immediately.</p></div> + +<p>Of the survivors Colonel Adams and Lord +Fincastle received the Victoria Cross for their +valour on this occasion; while ten years after, as a +graceful tribute to the heroism of the dead, the +Victoria Cross was also bestowed on Hector Maclean, +and sent to his family. As Lord Fincastle was +attached to the Guides during the campaign the +probably unique historic record was established of +three officers in one regiment earning the Victoria +Cross on the same day. Nor were the men +forgotten, all those who had shown conspicuous +gallantry being decorated with the Order of Merit.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185"></a><a name="CHAPTER_XIV" id="CHAPTER_XIV" />CHAPTER XIV</h2> + +<h4>THE HOME OF THE GUIDES</h4> + + +<p>When the Guides about the middle of the last +century first pitched their wandering tents in the +plains of Yusafzai they were only birds of passage, +in hot pursuit of some band of marauders, or swiftly +marching to surprise a distant stronghold. But as +the border became more settled, and sudden movements +were less seldom called for, a position was chosen +within striking distance of all the centres of disturbance. +And thus came to be selected the site of the +little cantonment, which since has sent forth +generations of steel-bred warriors to keep bright +the ancient flame; a small oasis, rescued by rough +but kindly hands from the dry and desolate +desert, and which the leisure of sixty years has +served to turn into the beautiful and cherished +home of the Guides.</p> + +<p>The camp in due course shed its white wings +and became a dust-hued fort. As seen by an eagle +soaring overhead, its shape is that of a five-pointed<a name="Page_186" id="Page_186"></a> +star, and on four of the points stood the officers' +quarters, while on the fifth were the magazine and +<i>place d'armes</i>. All round the inside of the star, +tucked away under the parapets, were the rude +shelters of the infantry, while a hornwork held the +troops of cavalry. For a few hundred yards round +the jungle and scrub were cleared away, a Union +Jack run up to the modest mast-head on the keep, +and Hôti-Mardan Fort became not only the home +of the Guides, but also the symbol of British power +on the wild borders of Yāghistan, the land of +everlasting conflict and of unending vendettas.</p> + +<p>It was the pride of a far-distant generation to +name the bastions of the old fort after famous +leaders who had gone before: Lumsden, the genial +dashing soldier, who stamped his type on the small +beginnings; Hodson, the far-famed leader of light +horse; Daly, whose steadfast resolve carried through +the great march to Delhi; Sam Browne, the one-armed +hero of a hundred fights.</p> + +<p>Soon after the Mutiny the fort began to overflow, +for the country was now getting more settled, +and British officers could venture to build houses +outside the walls of fortified enclosures. Thus the +Assistant-Commissioner migrated eight hundred +yards to the south-east, while an officers' mess was +built on the river bank two hundred yards to the +north-west. A quarter of a century passed before +more houses were added, and then at intervals of a +few years came the church and more houses, while<a name="Page_187" id="Page_187"></a> +extensions of the soldiers' lines took place to +accommodate the increasing numbers.</p> + +<p>And thus it stands to-day, the little five-bastioned +fort, round which are loosely thrown half a dozen +houses and a church. And yet there is a difference, +for the picture is now set, not in dull desert tints, but +in soft shades of green. Everywhere are avenues and +clumps of great trees, hedges of roses, of limes, and +deronta encircle every garden, the green of the polo +grounds is as that of the Emerald Isle. Even the +old fort has lost its grimness, and the mud walls +have given place to beautiful terraces bright with +every flower; while the once formidable moat is +spanned by peaceful rustic bridges, clustered thick +with climbing roses, and giving access to the gardens +and orchards which spread along the <i>glacis</i>.</p> + +<p>On the Hodson bastion stands the old mess, now +an officers' quarter, where in bygone stormy days +they used to sit at dinner with revolvers handy, +and swords stacked in the corner, alert and +ready for sudden alarm or excursion. A strange +imprint of those old times remained for many years, +a bullet-mark high up in one corner of the dining-room; +and this bullet, according to tradition, was +fired at dinner by Sir Sam Browne, who was a +deadly shot, and nailed to the wall the tail of a cobra +which was disappearing into a crevice.</p> + +<p>Passing near the Hodson bastion and running +to the present mess is Godby-road, named after +General C.J. Godby, who after nearly losing his<a name="Page_188" id="Page_188"></a> +head from a sabre stroke in the Sikh War, again well-nigh +lost it near this spot at the hands of a ghazi. +The incident affords an early instance of the ready +resource which has always been one of the typical +characteristics of the Guides. When Godby was cut +down by a treacherous blow there happened to be +two or three men within hail, and these at once +dashed to the rescue; but they were disarmed, while +the fanatic brandished a razor-edged Afghan blade, +and was prepared to sell his life dearly. Sharp +eyes and ready wit, however, came to aid. Close by +was a tent pitched, the guy ropes tied to long heavy +wooden pegs such as are used in India. As quick +as thought the tent was struck, the pegs wrenched +from the ground, and the ghazi surrounded, overpowered, +secured, and incidentally in due course +hanged.</p> + +<p>The present mess is full not only of historical +mementoes, as is only natural, but also of archæological +treasures of great value and antiquity. On the +walls captured banners, swords and daggers, guns +and pistols, share the honours with portraits of old +commanders and of the mighty dead with their +swords beneath them. Over the anteroom mantelpiece +is a very gracious picture of Queen Victoria, +presented by her Majesty in 1876; and this is +flanked by pictures of King Edward the Seventh, +who is Colonel-in-Chief of the corps, and Queen +Alexandra, both presented by their Majesties when +they were Prince and Princess of Wales. Over the<a name="Page_189" id="Page_189"></a> +mantelpiece in the dining-room is an excellent oil +painting of Sir Harry Lumsden, who raised the corps.</p> + +<p>One of the most interesting relics is one leaf of a +mahogany table, captured at the siege of Delhi and +used in camp on the Ridge; the other two leaves +were taken by the 60th Rifles and the 2nd +Gurkhas, who lay alongside the Guides at Hindu +Rao's house. On the leaves are roughly carved +symbolic crests and mottoes for the three regiments: +A Maltese Cross and <i>Celer et Audax</i> for the 60th +Rifles; crossed swords and <i>Stout and Steady</i> for the +Gurkhas; and crossed Afghan knives with <i>Rough +and Ready</i> for the Guides. On this latter leaf may +be seen standing a cigar-lighter made out of grapeshot +picked up in camp during the siege.</p> + +<p>High up on the walls all round are endless trophies +of the chase, probably the finest collection in +Asia—Ovis poli, Ovis Ammon, Ibex, markhor, bara +sing, and bison; besides specimens from other continents +whither officers have gone in pursuit of sport +or war. A splendid collection of plate testifies to +success in many a field of sport, polo, tent-pegging, +and shooting.</p> + +<p>The archæological treasures consist of sculptures +and friezes of Greco-Buddhist origin, illustrating incidents +in the life of Buddha, while the statues represent +the great Gautama and some of his disciples. +Most of these are still in perfect preservation, though +varying from fifteen hundred to two thousand years +in antiquity. They were all discovered, many years<a name="Page_190" id="Page_190"></a> +ago, within a few miles of the mess, and are +naturally preserved with the greatest care. Savants +from even so far afield as France, Germany, and +America have journeyed to see them.</p> + +<div><a name="pg190" id="pg190" /></div> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/jp190.jpg" +alt="The old Graveyard at Mardan" +title="The old Graveyard at Mardan" +width="527" height="385" /></div> + +<p>The mess stands in a five-acre garden, which has +been the joy of many generations; for, apart from its +abundant fertility, amidst its shades are to be found +a swimming-bath and racquet-court, as well as tennis, +badminton, and croquet lawns. Oranges, strawberries, +peaches, plums, apricots, grapes, loquats and other +fruits flourish and abound, while nearly every species +of English flower and vegetable grows strong and +well. Great trees give shade and peace to the place. +But perhaps the greatest attraction to the hot and +weary officer, and which leaves the most grateful +memory with the dusky warriors who march through +in war and peace, is the deep cool swimming-bath +alongside which under the trees is spread a breakfast +that suits the hour and climate. There are perhaps +few more grateful feelings than on a summer's +morning to come out of the fierce heat and dust and +glare of field-exercises, or a march from the +Malakand or Nowshera, and to find oneself in these +cool and comforting surroundings.</p> + +<p>Just outside the garden is the old graveyard, +where rest in God the brave hearts who have +fought the good fight, and now with sword in sheath +watch with kindly pride the keen young blades who +follow in their steps. Side by side lie two of the<a name="Page_191" id="Page_191"></a> +heroic Battyes, Wigram and Fred, two of the four +brothers who died for their Queen and Country. As +has been related elsewhere, Wigram was killed in +1879 while charging at the head of his squadron at +Futtehabad in Afghanistan, and Fred fell mortally +wounded just as he had completed a most brilliant +operation at the Panjkora river, on the march to the +relief of Chitral in 1895. Close to them lies that +kindly, upright gentleman, beloved of all, Bob +Hutchinson, who fell at the head of the Guides +during a night attack on the border village of +Malandrai in 1886. A few yards in another direction +may be seen a stone to the memory of +A.M. Ommanney, a young officer who was +assassinated by a fanatic in mistake for his brother. +Besides these, and many other single graves, there +are large inclusive monuments to the memory of +the officers and men of various regiments who have +fought on these borders. Amongst them may be +seen those erected to the memory of the officers and +men of the 71st Highland Light Infantry, 93rd +Sutherland Highlanders, and 101st Royal Bengal +Fusiliers, all killed in the Umbeyla campaign of +1863.</p> + +<p>Outside the old graveyard, standing at the meeting +of three roads, is a very fine mulberry tree, planted +at the spot where, according to old soldiers, Colonel +Spottiswoode, of the 55th Native Infantry, in deep +distress at the mutiny of his regiment, determined to<a name="Page_192" id="Page_192"></a> +take his own life rather than live to see it disgraced, +and under which, according to tradition, he lies +buried.</p> + +<p>Passing through the bazaar, we come to the +Memorial arch and tank, erected by Government +to Major Sir Louis Cavignari, Mr. W. Jenkyns, +Lieutenant Walter Hamilton, V.C., Surgeon Kelly +and the native officers, non-commissioned-officers, +and men of the Guides who fell in the defence of +the Kabul Residency, September, 3rd, 1879. Just +outside the memorial garden is the spot where +Lieutenant A.M. Ommanney was assassinated, now +known as the Ommanney cross-roads.</p> + +<p>Every road in the cantonment has a name, and +each name in itself is an honoured memory. Some +bear the names of old officers of the corps, while +others keep green the memory of those fallen in +war. Amongst the former will be found Sir Alfred +Wilde, Sir Charles Keyes, Sir Frances Jenkins, and +Sir John McQueen. Sir Alfred Wilde commanded +the corps with great distinction during the Umbeyla +campaign of 1863, and afterwards went on to +command the Punjab Frontier Force, as did also +Sir Charles Keyes. Of Sir Frances Jenkins a book +might be written, for his connection with the Guides +extended over nearly twenty-four years. He was +one of the most accomplished soldiers who have +ever served in the Indian Army and carried with +him much of the breezy skill in war of Sir Harry +Lumsden. Sir John McQueen also was a soldier<a name="Page_193" id="Page_193"></a> +of great renown, who afterwards commanded the +Punjab Frontier Force. Other roads bear the +names of Bob Hutchinson, who, as above recorded, +was killed in the night attack on Malandrai; Walter +Hamilton, killed in defence of the Kabul Residency; +Hector MacLean, who earned the Victoria Cross and +died to save a comrade at Landāki, in Swat; +Quentin Battye, who, mortally wounded, passed +peacefully away at Delhi with the words <i>Dulce et +decorum est pro patria mori</i> on his lips; Wigram +Battye, killed bravely charging in Afghanistan, and +Fred Battye, killed at the Panjkora. Great names +these all, and spreading still their soldier influence, +perhaps insensibly, over the spirit of their old +home and regiment.</p> + +<p>Out beyond the cavalry parade-ground is the +Home Farm, and on each side of it run the cavalry +and infantry rifle-ranges, skirted by fine avenues of +trees. Between the infantry range and the church +are two of the best polo-grounds in India,—grounds +which have produced many famous players and many +famous teams. The church was erected by public subscription +to the memory of Colonel Hutchinson, and +claims the great attraction to sojourners in a foreign +land of being like a little English church. On the +walls are tablets to the memory of Sir Harry Lumsden; +Major F.H. Barton, the cheery, gallant sportsman +who was killed at polo in 1902; Major Gaikskill; +A.W. Wilde, son of Sir Alfred; Hector MacLean; +Quentin and Fred Battye; Major G.H. Bretherton,<a name="Page_194" id="Page_194"></a> +who was drowned on the way to Lhassa; Charlie +Keyes, son of Sir Charles, treacherously killed in +West Africa, and many others. The churchyard +is beautifully laid out with many rare plants, +flowers, and trees. There remains only, to finish up +with, the old cricket-ground, now used entirely for +lawn-tennis, badminton, and croquet; for cricket +flourishes not in India at this day, though doubtless +a revival may come before many years, as is so often +the case with games.</p> + +<div><a name="pg194" id="pg194" /></div> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/jp194.jpg" +alt="The Church at Mardan" +title="The Church at Mardan" +width="532" height="362" /></div> + +<p>The daily life at Mardan is much the same as in +any other Indian cantonment. In the early morning +comes parade or manœuvre, growing painfully +early as the brief hot weather creeps on. Stables +follow for the cavalry, and work in the lines for +the infantry. Next comes orderly-room for the +adjutants and others; and twice a week <i>durbar</i>. +The durbar in an Indian regiment takes the +place of the formal orderly-room of a British +regiment. It is held in the open, under the trees, or +at any convenient spot; and the underlying principle +is that any man in the regiment may be present to +hear, and, when called upon, to speak. It is a sort +of open court, whereat not only are delinquents +brought up for judgment, but all matters connected +with the welfare of the men, and especially +such as in any way touch their pockets or privileges, +are openly discussed. To add to the semi-informal +and friendly nature of the assembly, all the men are +allowed to wear plain clothes.<a name="Page_195" id="Page_195"></a></p> + +<p>In the afternoon both officers and men are, as a +rule, free to amuse themselves with such sport and +games as may seem good to them. Round and +about Mardan there is fairly good small-game +shooting, the game-book in a good year showing +over three thousand head shot by the officers. +Amongst these are wild duck of many varieties, wild +geese, snipe, partridges, hare, and quail.</p> + +<p>The ancient and royal sport of falconry, which +long flourished, has of late years become much +restricted owing to the increase of cultivation. One +of the highest forms of falconry, and one little known +in other countries, was the pursuit of the ravine +deer. Only falcons reared from the nest could be +trained to this sport, and they had to be obtained +from far off Central Asia. The falcon used was the +Cherug, or Saker as she is known in Europe, and +the method of training is interesting. From the +nest upwards the bird was taught that the only +possible place to obtain food was from between +a pair of antlers. At first fed sitting between +them, as she learnt to flutter she was encouraged +to bridge a short gap to her dinner. Then, as +she grew stronger, she flew short distances to +get her food as before. The next step was the +use of a stuffed deer on wheels, which, when the +hawk was loosed, was run along, and thus accustomed +her to the idea of movement in getting her food. +At the same time she was accustomed to the presence +of greyhounds, for without the aid of these she<a name="Page_196" id="Page_196"></a> +would never be able to bring down her quarry. For +the Pathan saying is: "The first day a ravine deer +is born a fleet man may catch it; the second day a +dog; and the third day no one!"</p> + +<p>The hawks, which were flown in pairs, were now +taken into the field, keen set, to use a term in +falconry; that is very hungry, but not weakened or +disheartened by hunger. Directly a herd of deer was +sighted the hawks were cast loose, and, soaring up, +soon descried a seemingly familiar object with a +pair of antlers, between which there was doubtless a +delicious meal. Off, therefore, they went straight +for the quarry, and, stooping, struck for the deer's +antlers. Naturally, however, no bird of that size +could bring a deer to earth, or even stop him +unaided; but the hawks had done their initial work, +and the riders, with a couple of greyhounds leashed +to the stirrup, rode hard for the spot where the +hawks were striking, and let slip the hounds.</p> + +<p>The rattle of hoofs at once stampeded the deer, +and then the chase began. The hawks, in turn +towering and stooping, showed the line to take, for +the deer was invisible to the dogs, and generally to +the riders. But the dogs had learnt to work by +the hawks, and cutting a corner here, or favoured +by a jink there, gradually closed up, the part of the +hawks being, by constant striking, to delay and +confuse the deer. It was a hard ride and a fine +combination which secured the quarry, and, as with +all sport worth the name, it was even chances on the<a name="Page_197" id="Page_197"></a> +deer. When the combination failed and the deer +got away, it was a bit of human nature to see the +meeting between the hawks and the dogs. The +hawks would be sitting on the ground or on a bush, +evidently and unmistakably using language of the +most sulphurous nature; while the dogs came up, +their tongues out, their tails between their legs, and +with a general air of exhaustion, dejection, and +apology. As they slunk up the muttered curses +broke forth: "You! you lazy hound! Call +yourself a greyhound! You're a fat-tailed sheep, +that's what you are, nothing more!" And up +would get friend hawk and cuff and strike and harry +that poor dog, till he fairly yelped and fled to his +master for protection.</p> + +<p>Duck and bustard still afford sport to the falconer, +but he has to work further afield, and gets less +in return than in the olden times. The bustard gives +good sport, and often a good run of three or four +miles; indeed there is on record a case of an eleven +mile point.</p> + +<p>On the mountain range which lies close to Mardan +markhor are to be found, and some good heads +have been shot; while in the lower slopes good +bags of chikore, black and grey partridge, and +rock-pigeons may be obtained. There are two +of the best polo-grounds in India, and the Guides +can generally put up a good team or two to compete +in the various tournaments, and generally one +or more challenge-cups are to be seen on their mess<a name="Page_198" id="Page_198"></a> +table. Racquets, tennis, and hockey, lime-cutting, +tent-pegging and other mounted sports are also +part of the weekly life; while friendly visits, given +and taken, keep touch with the neighbouring stations.</p> + +<p>The climate of these parts is on the whole +eminently healthy and bracing. True, there are +four months of very hot weather, but they get lost +sight of in the keen delight of the other eight. Red +cheeks with buoyant activity and spirits carry their +own advertisement.</p> + +<p>Thus, briefly described, has been the home of the +Guides for upwards of sixty years; a little kingdom +barely a mile square, but full of happy associations +for all who have lived there. It is a quiet, unassuming +spot, which year by year has bred, and +sent forth to fight, many a gallant officer and brave +soldier; and which in future years hopes to keep +bright the shining record of great deeds that have +gone before.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199"></a><a name="INDEX" id="INDEX" />INDEX</h2> + + + + +<p><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201"></a> +A<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Abazai, <a href='#Page_96'>96</a><br /> +<br /> +Abbott, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a><br /> +<br /> +Abdul Mujid, <a href='#Page_153'>153</a>-9<br /> +<br /> +Adams, Capt., <a href='#Page_162'>162</a><br /> +<br /> +Adams, Col., <a href='#Page_183'>183-</a><a href='#Page_184'>4</a><br /> +<br /> +Afghan War, the, 1878-80, <a href='#Page_117'>117-</a><a href='#Page_134'>134</a><br /> +<br /> +Afghanistan, the yeoman armies of, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a><br /> +<br /> +Afridis, the, <a href='#Page_47'>47</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Jowaki, <a href='#Page_47'>47</a>, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Agnew, murder of, <a href='#Page_18'>18</a>, <a href='#Page_19'>19</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">general references to, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Ahmed Jan, <a href='#Page_61'>61</a><br /> +<br /> +Ajun Khan, <a href='#Page_44'>44</a><br /> +<br /> +Alawi-ke-Serai, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a><br /> +<br /> +Alexandra, Queen, <a href='#Page_188'>188</a><br /> +<br /> +Ali Musjid captured by Guides, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a><br /> +<br /> +Amandara Pass, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a><br /> +<br /> +Amir Dost Mahomed Khan, <a href='#Page_60'>60</a><br /> +<br /> +Amritsar, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a><br /> +<br /> +Anderson, murder of, <a href='#Page_19'>19</a><br /> +<br /> +Archæological treasures of the Guides, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a><br /> +<br /> +Asmai heights, assaults on, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a><br /> +<br /> +Attock, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a>, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a>, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +B<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Babuzai, village of, <a href='#Page_9'>9-</a><a href='#Page_12'>12</a><br /> +<br /> +Bahaud-din Khan, <a href='#Page_120'>120-</a><a href='#Page_122'>2</a><br /> +<br /> +Bajaur, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a><br /> +<br /> +Baldwin, Lt., <a href='#Page_162'>162</a><br /> +<br /> +Bandobust, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a><br /> +<br /> +Bannu, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a><br /> +<br /> +Barnes, Mr., (Commissioner) <a href='#Page_71'>71</a><br /> +<br /> +Barton, F.H., Major, <a href='#Page_193'>193</a><br /> +<br /> +Battye, Capt. Fred., <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>, <a href='#Page_164'>164-5-7</a>, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a>, <a href='#Page_193'>193</a><br /> +<br /> +Battye, Quentin, his death at Delhi, <a href='#Page_74'>74</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">References to, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_193'>193</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Battye, Capt. Wigram, <a href='#Page_95'>95</a>, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a>, <a href='#Page_193'>193</a><br /> +<br /> +Bengal Cavalry, 11th, <a href='#Page_91'>91</a><br /> +<br /> +Bengal Fusiliers, 101st Royal, <a href='#Page_90'>90</a><br /> +<br /> +Bengal Lancers, 11th, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_180'>180-1</a><br /> +<br /> +Beresford, Lord William, <a href='#Page_83'>83-6</a><br /> +<br /> +Bhawulpore, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a><br /> +<br /> +Bibi Pakdaman mosque, the, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a><br /> +<br /> +Blood, Sir Bindon, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a>, <a href='#Page_182'>182</a><br /> +<br /> +Boileau, Col. S.B., <a href='#Page_47'>47</a><br /> +<br /> +Bond, Lt., <a href='#Page_80'>80</a><br /> +<br /> +Bori, attack on, <a href='#Page_47'>47-50</a><br /> +<br /> +Bretherton, Major G.H., <a href='#Page_193'>193</a><br /> +<br /> +Browne, Sir Sam., <a href='#Page_119'>119</a>, <a href='#Page_187'>187</a><br /> +<br /> +Brownlow, Sir Charles, <a href='#Page_88'>88-9</a><br /> +<br /> +Budlika-Serai, battle of, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a><br /> +<br /> +Buner, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a><br /> +<br /> +Burhan, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +C<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Campbell, Sir Colin, <a href='#Page_43'>43</a><br /> +<br /> +Campbell, Fred., <a href='#Page_169'>169</a><br /> +<br /> +Campbell, Major R.B., <a href='#Page_94'>94</a><br /> +<br /> +<a name="Page_202" id="Page_202"></a> +Cavignari, Sir Louis, and the attack on Paia, <a href='#Page_93'>93-4</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And the attack on Sapri, <a href='#Page_95'>95-6</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">His work and death at Kabul, <a href='#Page_97'>97-116</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">References to, <a href='#Page_92'>92</a>, <a href='#Page_192'>192</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Chakdara, <a href='#Page_174'>174-5</a>, <a href='#Page_178'>178-182</a><br /> +<br /> +Chamberlain, Neville, Sir, <a href='#Page_69'>69</a>, <a href='#Page_78'>78</a>, <a href='#Page_90'>90</a><br /> +<br /> +Charasiab, battle at, <a href='#Page_132'>132-4</a><br /> +<br /> +Charpoy, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a><br /> +<br /> +Chenab, the, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a><br /> +<br /> +Cherat, <a href='#Page_47'>47</a><br /> +<br /> +Chillianwalla, battle of, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a><br /> +<br /> +Chitral, the Mehtar of, <a href='#Page_61'>61-2</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The relief of, <a href='#Page_160'>160-171</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Chute, Col., <a href='#Page_65'>65</a><br /> +<br /> +Climo, Lt., <a href='#Page_177'>177</a><br /> +<br /> +Cotton, Sir Sidney, <a href='#Page_75'>75-6</a><br /> +<br /> +Crag picquet, the, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +D<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Daly, Henry, in command of Guides, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">His report of march to Delhi, <a href='#Page_68'>68-73</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">His death, <a href='#Page_74'>74</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Reference to, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Dargai, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a><br /> +<br /> +Deh-i-Afghan, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a><br /> +<br /> +Delhi, Guides march to, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Captured, <a href='#Page_74'>74</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Dera-Ismail-Khan district, <a href='#Page_20'>20</a><br /> +<br /> +Derajat, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a><br /> +<br /> +Derajat Battery, the, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a><br /> +<br /> +Devonshire regiment, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a><br /> +<br /> +Dilāwur Khan, Subadar of Guides, the story of, <a href='#Page_51'>51-54</a><br /> +<br /> +Dir, Khan of, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a><br /> +<br /> +Discipline, value of sequence of orders of command in action, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a><br /> +<br /> +Dogras, <a href='#Page_162'>162</a><br /> +<br /> +Dogras, the 38th, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a><br /> +<br /> +Drill, dislike of free-lances to, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a><br /> +<br /> +Duffadar, the, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +E<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Edward VII., King, <a href='#Page_188'>188</a><br /> +<br /> +Edwardes, Herbert, general references to, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_69'>69</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Marches against Mooltan, <a href='#Page_20'>20-1</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Reports on position, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Eliott-Lockhart, Lt. P., <a href='#Page_173'>173</a><br /> +<br /> +English, the, Pathan saying concerning, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +F<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Faiz Talab, Duffadar, spies upon a doubtful tribe, <a href='#Page_138'>138-43</a><br /> +<br /> +Fakira, Duffadar, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a><br /> +<br /> +Fattehabad, battle of, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a><br /> +<br /> +Fatteh Khan, of Guides' cavalry, heroism of, <a href='#Page_10'>10-11</a><br /> +<br /> +Fatteh Khan, Khuttuk, heroism of at Mooltan, <a href='#Page_23'>23-25</a>, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At Gujar Garhi, <a href='#Page_40'>40-3</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Feringhis, the (<i>see</i> English)<br /> +<br /> +Fincastle, Viscount, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a>, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a><br /> +<br /> +Foot, 17th, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a><br /> +<br /> +Foot, the 22nd, <a href='#Page_47'>47</a><br /> +<br /> +Foot, 24th, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a><br /> +<br /> +Foot, the 70th, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a><br /> +<br /> +Ford, Lt., <a href='#Page_177'>177</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +G<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Gaduns, the, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a><br /> +<br /> +Gaikskill, <a href='#Page_193'>193</a><br /> +<br /> +Ganda Singh: Defeated by Guides, <a href='#Page_27'>27-8</a><br /> +<br /> +Ghazis, the, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a><br /> +<br /> +Grand Trunk Road, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a><br /> +<br /> +Godby, Gen. C.J., <a href='#Page_187'>187</a><br /> +<br /> +Godby-road, <a href='#Page_187'>187</a><br /> +<br /> +Gordon Highlanders, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a><br /> +<br /> +Gorindghar, fortress of, captured by Guides, <a href='#Page_31'>31-8</a><br /> +<br /> +Gough, Lord, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a><br /> +<br /> +Gough, Sir Charles, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a><br /> +<br /> +Greaves, Lt. R.T., <a href='#Page_183'>183</a><br /> +<br /> +<a name="Page_203" id="Page_203"></a> +Guides, the Corps of:<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Founded by Sir Henry-Lawrence, <a href='#Page_1'>1-5</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lumsden, Harry, raises, <a href='#Page_4'>4</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Its training and personnel, <a href='#Page_5'>5-6</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Its first fight, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Adventure at Babuzai, <a href='#Page_9'>9-12</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In Second Sikh War, <a href='#Page_13'>13-38</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">March to Lahore, <a href='#Page_13'>13-14</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With Edwardes at Mooltan, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With Lumsden at Mooltan, <a href='#Page_22'>22-6</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Defeat Ganda Singh at Nuroat, <a href='#Page_27'>27-8</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At Gujrat, <a href='#Page_28'>28-30</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Capture of Gorindghar by, <a href='#Page_31'>31-8</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">On the Frontier in the 'Fifties, <a href='#Page_39'>39-50</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Defeat Mukaram Khan, <a href='#Page_41'>41-3</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charge at Nawadand, <a href='#Page_43'>43-6</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At Bori, <a href='#Page_47'>47-50</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Story of Dilāwur Khan, subadar of, <a href='#Page_51'>51-64</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In the Mutiny, <a href='#Page_65'>65-75</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Daly, Henry, in command of, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">March to Delhi, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The effect of arrival, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The return to Peshawur, <a href='#Page_74'>74</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In minor wars, <a href='#Page_76'>76-96</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In expedition against: Mahsud Waziri tribe, <a href='#Page_78'>78</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In Umbeyla campaign, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In attack on Crag Picquet, <a href='#Page_88'>88-91</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In attack on Paia, <a href='#Page_93'>93-4</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At the Embassy at Kabul, <a href='#Page_98'>98</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Massacre of, <a href='#Page_102'>102-116</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In the Afghan War, 1878-80, <a href='#Page_117'>117-34</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Attack Ali Musjid, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">How Bahaud-din Khan joined the, <a href='#Page_120'>120-2</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At Fattehabad, <a href='#Page_123'>123-27</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">March to Sherpur, <a href='#Page_127'>127-8</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In assaults on Takht-i-Shah and Asmai Heights, <a href='#Page_128'>128-31</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In battle at Charasiab, <a href='#Page_132'>132-4</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">War stories of, <a href='#Page_135'>135-43</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Remarkable obedience to orders, <a href='#Page_137'>137</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The adventure of Faiz Talab, <a href='#Page_138'>138-43</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The adventures of Shah Sowar and Abdul Majid, <a href='#Page_144'>144-59</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Relief of Chitral, <a href='#Page_160'>160-71</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Action at the Panjkora, <a href='#Page_163'>163-7</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At the Malakand, 1897, <a href='#Page_172'>172-84</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Home of the Guides, <a href='#Page_185'>185-98</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Leaders of Guides (<i>see</i> under Lumsden, Daly, Hodson,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Keyes, Jenkins, Campbell Lockhart, &c.).</span><br /> +<br /> +Gundamuk, the Treaty of, <a href='#Page_97'>97</a>, <a href='#Page_98'>98</a><br /> +<br /> +Gurkhas, the, <a href='#Page_47'>47-8</a><br /> +<br /> +Gurkhas, 2nd, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a><br /> +<br /> +Gurkhas, 5th, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a><br /> +<br /> +Gurkhas, 66th, <a href='#Page_47'>47</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +H<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Hafiz Ji, <a href='#Page_60'>60</a><br /> +<br /> +Hammond, Sir Arthur, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a><br /> +<br /> +Hamilton, Lt. Walter:<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Heroism and Death at Kabul, <a href='#Page_98'>98-116</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At Battle of Fattehabad, <a href='#Page_123'>123-6</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">References to, <a href='#Page_192'>192-3</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Hardinge, Lt. G.M.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At Nawadand, <a href='#Page_44'>44-6</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Havildar, the, <a href='#Page_34'>34</a><br /> +<br /> +Hazara, <a href='#Page_77'>77</a><br /> +<br /> +Highlanders, 72nd, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a><br /> +<br /> +Highlanders, 92nd, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>, <a href='#Page_131'>131-2</a><br /> +<br /> +Highland Light Infantry, 71st., <a href='#Page_90'>90</a>, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a><br /> +<br /> +Hindustanis, the, <a href='#Page_77'>77</a>, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a><br /> +<br /> +Hodson, Lt. W.S.R.:<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With Lumsden at Lahore, <a href='#Page_16'>16</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At Nuroat, <a href='#Page_27'>27-8</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Commands Guides, <a href='#Page_46'>46</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At Bori, <a href='#Page_47'>47-50</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">General References to, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Hodson bastion, <a href='#Page_187'>187</a><br /> +<br /> +Home Farm, <a href='#Page_193'>193</a><br /> +<br /> +Horse-artillery, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a><br /> +<br /> +<a name="Page_204" id="Page_204"></a> +Hôti-Mardan Fort, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a><br /> +<br /> +Hussars, 10th, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a><br /> +<br /> +Hutchinson, Bob, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +I<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Indus, the, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a><br /> +<br /> +Irregular cavalry, 2nd, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a><br /> +<br /> +Irregular cavalry, 10th, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +J<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +James, Mr., of Survey Department, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a><br /> +<br /> +Jandul River, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a><br /> +<br /> +Jehangira, Village of, <a href='#Page_54'>54</a><br /> +<br /> +Jellalabad, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a><br /> +<br /> +Jemadar, <a href='#Page_108'>108</a><br /> +<br /> +Jenkins, Col. Sir Francis, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>, <a href='#Page_119'>119-22</a>, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>, <a href='#Page_132'>132-3</a>, <a href='#Page_137'>137</a>, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a><br /> +<br /> +Jenkins, Mr. W., at Kabul, <a href='#Page_99'>99-116</a>, <a href='#Page_192'>192</a><br /> +<br /> +Jewand Sing, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a><br /> +<br /> +Jhelum, <a href='#Page_69'>69</a><br /> +<br /> +Jugdullak Pass, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a><br /> +<br /> +Juma of the bhisti, <a href='#Page_54'>54</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +K<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Kabul, British Embassy at, <a href='#Page_98'>98</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Massacre of Embassy Guard, <a href='#Page_102'>102-16</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Memorial to Embassy Guard, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Kàlu Khan, <a href='#Page_6'>6</a><br /> +<br /> +Kamoké, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a><br /> +<br /> +Kandahar, <a href='#Page_117'>117</a><br /> +<br /> +Karachi, <a href='#Page_144'>144</a><br /> +<br /> +Karnal, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a>, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a><br /> +<br /> +Kelly, Col., <a href='#Page_161'>161</a><br /> +<br /> +Kelly, Surgeon A.H., at Kabul, <a href='#Page_99'>99-116</a>, <a href='#Page_192'>192</a><br /> +<br /> +Keyes, Charlie, <a href='#Page_194'>194</a><br /> +<br /> +Keyes, Sir Charles, in command of Guides, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a>, <a href='#Page_192'>192</a><br /> +<br /> +Khanan Khan, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a><br /> +<br /> +Khan Singh, General of Sikhs, <a href='#Page_14'>14-6</a><br /> +<br /> +Khar, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a><br /> +<br /> +Khyber Pass, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a>, <a href='#Page_135'>135</a><br /> +<br /> +King's Own Scottish Borderers, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a><br /> +<br /> +Kipling, Rudyard, his poem on Gunga Din, <a href='#Page_53'>53</a><br /> +<br /> +Kutlgar, the, <a href='#Page_91'>91</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +L<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Lahore, <a href='#Page_3'>3</a>, <a href='#Page_32'>32</a>, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a><br /> +<br /> +Landàki, action of, <a href='#Page_182'>182</a><br /> +<br /> +Lataband Pass, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a><br /> +<br /> +Lawrence, Lord, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_69'>69</a>, <a href='#Page_82'>82</a><br /> +<br /> +Lawrence, Col. George, in Peshawur, <a href='#Page_9'>9</a>, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a><br /> +<br /> +Lawrence, Sir Henry, founds the Guides, <a href='#Page_1'>1-5</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ruler of the Punjab, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Le Bas, Mr., <a href='#Page_72'>72</a><br /> +<br /> +Lewis, Lt., <a href='#Page_80'>80</a><br /> +<br /> +Lhassa, <a href='#Page_194'>194</a><br /> +<br /> +Lockhart, Lt., <a href='#Page_176'>176</a><br /> +<br /> +Low, Robert, Sir, <a href='#Page_161'>161</a>, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a>, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a><br /> +<br /> +Ludhiana, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a><br /> +<br /> +Lumsden, Harry, General, raises the Corps of Guides, <a href='#Page_4'>4</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Captures Mughdara, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At Lahore, <a href='#Page_14'>14-7</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At Mooltan, <a href='#Page_22'>22-6</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At Nuroat, <a href='#Page_27'>27-8</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">His choice of men, <a href='#Page_51'>51-3</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Dilāwur Khan, <a href='#Page_55'>55-9</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Waziris, <a href='#Page_78'>78-9</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Transferred from Guides, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Tribute to his qualities, <a href='#Page_81'>81-3</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">References to, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a>, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a>, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a>, <a href='#Page_193'>193</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Lundkwar Valley, the, <a href='#Page_9'>9</a><br /> +<br /> +Lyell, Dr. R., of the Guides, <a href='#Page_48'>48</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<a name="Page_205" id="Page_205"></a> +M<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Macgregor, Sir Charles, his tribute to the Guides, <a href='#Page_97'>97</a><br /> +<br /> +Maclean, H. Lt., <a href='#Page_177'>177</a>, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a>, <a href='#Page_193'>193</a><br /> +<br /> +Macpherson, Gen., <a href='#Page_134'>134</a><br /> +<br /> +McQueen, Sir John, <a href='#Page_192'>192</a><br /> +<br /> +Maharani (the) of the Punjab, revolt of, <a href='#Page_13'>13-7</a><br /> +<br /> +Malakand, the, <a href='#Page_162'>162</a>, <a href='#Page_172'>172-84</a><br /> +<br /> +Malandrai, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a><br /> +<br /> +Mandra, <a href='#Page_69'>69</a><br /> +<br /> +Maps, the objections of the natives to surveying, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a><br /> +<br /> +Mardan, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a>, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a>, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Daily life at, <a href='#Page_194'>194-5</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Meerut, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a>, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a><br /> +<br /> +Mehtab Sing, <a href='#Page_108'>108</a><br /> +<br /> +Meiklejohn, Col., <a href='#Page_175'>175-8</a><br /> +<br /> +Metcalfe, Sir Theophilus, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a><br /> +<br /> +Mihna, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a><br /> +<br /> +Minchin, Lt., <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a><br /> +<br /> +Mohaindin, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a><br /> +<br /> +Monastery picquet, the, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a><br /> +<br /> +Mooltan, fighting round, <a href='#Page_19'>19-30</a><br /> +<br /> +Mounted Police, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a><br /> +<br /> +Mughdara, village of, captured by Guides, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a><br /> +<br /> +Mullah Abdullah, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a><br /> +<br /> +Mulraj, the Diwan revolts, <a href='#Page_18'>18-9</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Defeated by Herbert Edwardes, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Surrenders, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Mundah, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a><br /> +<br /> +Mutiny, the Guides in the, <a href='#Page_65'>65-75</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +N<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Naik, the, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a><br /> +<br /> +Napier of Magdala, Lord, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a><br /> +<br /> +Native Infantry, 14th, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a><br /> +<br /> +Native Infantry, 55th, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a>, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a><br /> +<br /> +Native soldiers, their devotion to our English Officers, <a href='#Page_82'>82-6</a>, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_149'>149</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Awkwardness of using them against their own people, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Nawadand (Utmankheyl village of) captured, <a href='#Page_43'>43-6</a><br /> +<br /> +Nicholson, John, pursues mutineers, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">General reference to, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a>, <a href='#Page_69'>69</a></span><br /> +<br /> +North camp (Malakand), <a href='#Page_176'>176</a><br /> +<br /> +North-west frontier, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a><br /> +<br /> +Nowshera, cantonment of, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a>, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a>, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a>, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a><br /> +<br /> +Nuksan Pass, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +O<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Ommanney, A.M., <a href='#Page_191'>191</a>, <a href='#Page_192'>192</a><br /> +<br /> +Order of, Merit, the twelve Guides awarded, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">After the Malakand Campaign, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Owen, Roddy, <a href='#Page_162'>162</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +P<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Paia, Cavignaris' attack on, <a href='#Page_93'>93-4</a><br /> +<br /> +Panjkora, the, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a><br /> +<br /> +Panjtar Hills, the, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a><br /> +<br /> +Patiala, the Maharaja of, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a><br /> +<br /> +Peebles, Captain, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a><br /> +<br /> +Peshawur, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_43'>43</a>, <a href='#Page_61'>61</a>, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a>, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a>, <a href='#Page_74'>74</a>, <a href='#Page_83'>83</a><br /> +<br /> +Pioneers, 32nd, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a><br /> +<br /> +Pipli, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a><br /> +<br /> +Political Officers in the Punjab, <a href='#Page_2'>2</a><br /> +<br /> +Probyn, Sir Dighton, <a href='#Page_91'>91</a><br /> +<br /> +Punjab, the, position of British in 1846, <a href='#Page_2'>2</a>, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>; in 1848, <a href='#Page_12'>12-7</a><br /> +<br /> +Punjab Frontier Force, <a href='#Page_192'>192</a><br /> +<br /> +Punjab Infantry, 1st, <a href='#Page_88'>88-9</a><br /> +<br /> +Punjab Infantry, 5th, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a><br /> +<br /> +Punjab Infantry, 20th, <a href='#Page_47'>47</a>, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a>, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a>, <a href='#Page_90'>90</a><br /> +<br /> +Punjab Infantry, 24th, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a><br /> +<br /> +Punjab Infantry, 31st, <a href='#Page_176'>176-7</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<a name="Page_206" id="Page_206"></a> +R<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Rajpoora, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a><br /> +<br /> +Ram Singh, <a href='#Page_27'>27-8</a><br /> +<br /> +Rasul Khan, his stratagem at Gorindghar, <a href='#Page_32'>32-8</a><br /> +<br /> +Rattray, Lieut., <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a>, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a><br /> +<br /> +Ravi, the, <a href='#Page_17'>17</a><br /> +<br /> +Rawul Pindi, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a>, <a href='#Page_83'>83</a><br /> +<br /> +Reid, Col., <a href='#Page_178'>178</a><br /> +<br /> +Ressaldar, the, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a><br /> +<br /> +Ricketts, Mr. Deputy Commissioner at Ludhiana, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a><br /> +<br /> +Rifles, 60th, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a><br /> +<br /> +Roberts, Lord, and the Guides, <a href='#Page_117'>117-9</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">References to, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>, <a href='#Page_131'>131-3</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Ross, Major, C.C.G., <a href='#Page_89'>89</a>, <a href='#Page_90'>90</a><br /> +<br /> +Royal Bengal Fusiliers, 101st, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a><br /> +<br /> +Royal Horse Artillery, F.-A Battery, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +S<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Sadusam, battle of, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a><br /> +<br /> +Sapri, attack on, <a href='#Page_95'>95-6</a><br /> +<br /> +Secrecy, its value in frontier warfare, <a href='#Page_92'>92</a><br /> +<br /> +Shadipore, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a><br /> +<br /> +Shah Sowar, <a href='#Page_144'>144-53</a><br /> +<br /> +Shahzada Taimus, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a><br /> +<br /> +Sheikapura, <a href='#Page_16'>16</a>, <a href='#Page_17'>17</a><br /> +<br /> +Sheikh Abdul Quadir ("Smith" of Karachi), <a href='#Page_144'>144-53</a><br /> +<br /> +Shikar, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a><br /> +<br /> +Sikh cavalry, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a><br /> +<br /> +Sikh Durbar, the, <a href='#Page_3'>3</a>, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_18'>18</a><br /> +<br /> +Sikh war, the first, position at close of, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">the second, <a href='#Page_12'>12-30</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Sikhs, the, their rule in 1846, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a><br /> +<br /> +Sikhs, 4th, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a>, <a href='#Page_161'>161</a>, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a><br /> +<br /> +Sikhs, the 35th, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a><br /> +<br /> +Sikhs, the 45th, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a><br /> +<br /> +Sing, Sher, deserts at Mooltan, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a><br /> +<br /> +Sittana, <a href='#Page_76'>76-7</a><br /> +<br /> +Sobraon, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a><br /> +<br /> +Sohawa, <a href='#Page_69'>69</a><br /> +<br /> +Sowars, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a><br /> +<br /> +Sport at Mardan, <a href='#Page_195'>195-8</a><br /> +<br /> +Spottiswode, Col. Henry, his grief and suicide during mutiny, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Reference to, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Subadar, <a href='#Page_32'>32</a><br /> +<br /> +Subaltern, the British, tribute to, <a href='#Page_46'>46</a>, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a><br /> +<br /> +Suraj Kund, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a><br /> +<br /> +Surveying (<i>see</i> under "Maps".)<br /> +<br /> +Sutherland Highlanders, 93rd, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a><br /> +<br /> +Sutlej, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a><br /> +<br /> +Swat River Canal, <a href='#Page_95'>95</a><br /> +<br /> +Swat Valley, <a href='#Page_162'>162</a>, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a>, <a href='#Page_182'>182</a><br /> +<br /> +Swinley, Lt., <a href='#Page_177'>177</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +T<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Takht-i-Shah, assaults on, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a><br /> +<br /> +Taylor, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a><br /> +<br /> +Topi, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a><br /> +<br /> +Turner, Lt. F. McC., <a href='#Page_48'>48</a><br /> +<br /> +Tytler, General, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +U<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Umballa, <a href='#Page_32'>32</a>, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a><br /> +<br /> +Umbeyla campaign, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +V<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Van Cortlandt, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a><br /> +<br /> +Vaughan, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a><br /> +<br /> +Victoria, Queen, <a href='#Page_188'>188</a><br /> +<br /> +Victoria Cross, the, awarded:<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lt. Walter Hamilton, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Capt. A.G. Hammond, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lord Fincastle, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Colonel Adams, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a></span><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hector Maclean, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a></span><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<a name="Page_207" id="Page_207"></a> +W<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Wazirabad, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a><br /> +<br /> +Waziris, the, <a href='#Page_78'>78</a><br /> +<br /> +Wheatley, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a><br /> +<br /> +Wheler, General, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a><br /> +<br /> +Whish, General, <a href='#Page_23'>23</a>, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a><br /> +<br /> +White, Sir George, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a><br /> +<br /> +Wilde, A.W., <a href='#Page_193'>193</a><br /> +<br /> +Wilde, Sir Alfred, <a href='#Page_192'>192</a><br /> +<br /> +Wright, Hedley, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Y<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Yakub Khan, the Amir and the Embassy at Kabul, <a href='#Page_98'>98</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And the massacre of Embassy, <a href='#Page_108'>108</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Yusafzai, the plain of, <a href='#Page_6'>6</a>, <a href='#Page_9'>9</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_54'>54</a>, <a href='#Page_95'>95</a>, <a href='#Page_185'>185</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Z<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Ziarat, the, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a><br /> +</p> + + +<p style="text-align:center"><br /><br /><br /><br />THE END</p> + +<p style="text-align:center"><br /><br /><br /><br />R. CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED, BREAD ST. HILL, E.C., AND BUNGAY, SUFFOLK.</p> + +<h3>Transcriber's Notes:</h3> + +<p>In the List of Illustrations the one at page <a href='#Page_162'>162</a> was +corrected as it was shown as page <a href='#Page_16'>16</a>.</p> + +<p>On page <a href='#Page_23'>23</a> near the bottom the word 'diposed' appears +and has been corrected to read 'disposed'.</p> + +<p>On page <a href='#Page_52'>52</a> (3rd paragraph, Chapter V.) the word "Shahbash" appears. It +appears two other times in the text as "Shāhbāsh" so this instance +is also changed to "Shāhbāsh".</p> + +<p>On page <a href='#Page_129'>129</a> the village name 'Deh-i-Affghan' was changed to 'Deh-i-Afghan' +to match the index using the much more common version.</p> + +<p>On page <a href='#Page_133'>133</a> in the next to last line, the letter 'l' was dropped from the +word 'General' and now added back.</p> + +<p>On page <a href='#Page_159'>159</a> near the bottom an 'f' was left of off the word 'of' and now +added back.</p> + +<p>On page <a href='#Page_170'>170</a>, at the bottom of the first paragraph, the word 'cannnot' +was corrected to read 'cannot'.</p> + +<p>(end of Transcriber's Notes)</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's The Story of the Guides, by G. J. Younghusband + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE STORY OF THE GUIDES *** + +***** This file should be named 16808-h.htm or 16808-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/8/0/16808/ + +Produced by Steven Gibbs, Bruce Thomas and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + +</pre> + +</body> +</html> |