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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Declaration of Independence of The
+United States of America by Thomas Jefferson
+
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no
+restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under
+the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or
+online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license
+
+
+
+Title: The Declaration of Independence of The United States of America
+
+Author: Thomas Jefferson
+
+Release Date: October 12, 2005 [Ebook #16780]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO 8859-1
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA***
+
+
+
+
+
+The Declaration of Independence of The United States of America
+
+
+by Thomas Jefferson
+
+
+
+
+Edition 1, (October 12, 2005)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
+
+
+                        IN CONGRESS, July 4, 1776
+
+
+The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America
+
+When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to
+dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and
+to assume, among the Powers of the earth, the separate and equal station
+to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent
+respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the
+causes which impel them to the separation.
+
+We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal,
+that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights,
+that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to
+secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their
+just powers from the consent of the governed,--That whenever any Form of
+Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the
+People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying
+its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form,
+as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.
+Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should
+not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all
+experience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while
+evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to
+which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and
+usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to
+reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty,
+to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future
+security.--Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such
+is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems
+of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a
+history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object
+the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this,
+let Facts be submitted to a candid world.
+
+      He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary
+      for the public good.
+      He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and
+      pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his
+      Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly
+      neglected to attend to them.
+      He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large
+      districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right
+      of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them
+      and formidable to tyrants only.
+      He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual,
+      uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their Public
+      Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with
+      his measures.
+      He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with
+      manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.
+      He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause
+      others to be elected; whereby the Legislative Powers, incapable of
+      Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their
+      exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the
+      dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.
+      He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for
+      that purpose obstructing the Laws of Naturalization of Foreigners;
+      refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and
+      raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.
+      He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his
+      Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary Powers.
+      He has made judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of
+      their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
+      He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of
+      Officers to harass our People, and eat out their substance.
+      He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the
+      Consent of our legislatures.
+      He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior
+      to the Civil Power.
+      He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign
+      to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his
+      Assent to their Acts of pretended legislation:
+      For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
+      For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from Punishment for any
+      Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:
+      For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:
+      For imposing taxes on us without our Consent:
+      For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:
+      For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences:
+      For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring
+      Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and
+      enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and
+      fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these
+      Colonies:
+      For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and
+      altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:
+      For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves
+      invested with Power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
+      He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his
+      Protection and waging War against us.
+      He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and
+      destroyed the lives of our people.
+      He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries
+      to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already
+      begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in
+      the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy of the Head of a
+      civilized nation.
+      He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high
+      Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners
+      of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.
+      He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has
+      endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the
+      merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an
+      undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.
+
+In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the
+most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by
+repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act
+which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free People.
+
+Nor have We been wanting in attention to our Brittish brethren. We have
+warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend
+an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the
+circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to
+their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the
+ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would
+inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have
+been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must,
+therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and
+hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace
+Friends.
+
+We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in
+General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world
+for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by the Authority
+of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That
+these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent
+States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown,
+and that all political connection between them and the State of Great
+Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and
+Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace,
+contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and
+Things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of
+this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the Protection of Divine
+Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and
+our sacred Honor.
+
+
+
+
+
+      Button Gwinnett
+      Lyman Hall
+      George Walton
+
+
+
+
+
+      William Hooper
+      Joseph Hewes
+      John Penn
+
+
+
+
+
+      Edward Rutledge
+      Thomas Heyward, Jr.
+      Thomas Lunch, Jr.
+      Arthur Middleton
+
+
+
+
+
+      John Hancock
+
+
+
+
+
+      Samuel Chase
+      William Paca
+      Thomas Stone
+      Charles Carroll of Carrollton
+
+
+
+
+
+      George Wythe
+      Richard Henry Lee
+      Thomas Jefferson
+      Benjamin Harrison
+      Thomas Nelson, Jr.
+      Francis Lightfoot Lee
+      Carter Braxton
+
+
+
+
+
+      Robert Morris
+      Benjamin Rush
+      Benjamin Franklin
+      John Morton
+      George Clymer
+      James Smith
+      George Taylor
+      James Wilson
+      George Ross
+
+
+
+
+
+      Caesar Rodney
+      George Read
+      Thomas McKean
+
+
+
+
+
+      William Floyd
+      Philip Livingston
+      Francis Lewis
+      Lewis Morris
+
+
+
+
+
+      Richard Stockton
+      John Witherspoon
+      Francis Hopkinson
+      John Hart
+      Abraham Clark
+
+
+
+
+
+      Josiah Bartlett
+      William Whipple
+
+
+
+
+
+      Samuel Adams
+      John Adams
+      Robert Treat Paine
+      Elbridge Gerry
+
+
+
+
+
+      Stephen Hopkins
+      William Ellery
+
+
+
+
+
+      Roger Sherman
+      Samuel Huntington
+      William Williams
+      Oliver Wolcott
+
+
+
+
+
+      Matthew Thornton
+
+
+
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA***
+
+
+
+CREDITS
+
+
+October 12, 2005
+
+            Created document.
+            Joshua Hutchinson
+
+June 2006
+
+            Added PGHeader/PGFooter.
+            Joshua Hutchinson
+
+
+
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