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| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 04:49:37 -0700 |
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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 04:49:37 -0700 |
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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland (2 of 6): England (6 of 12) + Richard the First + +Author: Raphael Holinshed + +Release Date: September 27, 2005 [EBook #16762] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Louise Pryor and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + +<p><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202" ></a><span class="pagenum">[202]</span></p> +<h2>RICHARD THE FIRST,</h2> +<p class="bigger center">Second sonne to Henrie the second.</p> + + +<p style="margin-top:3em;"> +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 1. <br /> +1189.</span> +Richard the first of that name, and second sonne of Henrie the second, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Paruus.</i></span> +began his reigne ouer England the sixt day of Julie, in the yere of our +Lord 1189. in the seauen and thirteeth yeare of the emperour Frederike +the first, in the eleuenth yere of the reigne of Philip the second king +of France, and king William surnamed the Lion as yet liuing in the +gouernement of Scotland.</p> + +<p>This Richard, immediatlie after the solemnities of his fathers funerals +were ended, made hast to Rouen, where he was ioifullie receiued, and +proclamed duke of Normandie, receiuing the inuesture according to the +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matt. Paris.</i></span> +custome, on the twentith day of Julie. Then studieng to set all things +in good order on that side the sea, he made search where his fathers +<span class="rightnote">Stephan de Turnham committed to prison.</span> +treasure was preserued, and therevpon attached Stephan de Turnham, who +was seneschall or gouernour (as we may call him) of Aniou, and +committing him to prison, compelled him to make deliuerie of all such +summes of monie as he had hid and laid vp in certeine castels by the +commandement of the late king his father.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i> <i>Polydor.</i></span> +Whilest he was thus occupied, his brother John came to him, to whom he +ioifullie gaue the welcome, and besides all other things which his +father had bequeathed vnto him by his testament in England, amounting to +the value of foure thousand pounds of yearelie rent, with the earledome +of Mortaigne, he procured a marriage for him (being now a +<a name="Page_203" id="Page_203" ></a><span class="pagenum">[203]</span> +widower) for +<span class="rightnote">Isabell daughter to the earle of Glocester married to John +y<sup>e</sup> kings brother.<br /> +She is named by diuerse authors Hauisia. <i>Matth. Paris.</i> <i>R. Houed.</i></span> +his further aduancement with the ladie Isabell, daughter to Robert earle +of Glocester, which earle had appointed the said John to be his heire as +before is mentioned, although Baldwine the archbishop of Canturburie +forbad the mariage, bicause they were coosens in the third degree of +consanguinitie. To Robert earle of Leicester also he restored all his +lands which had béene taken from him, and such persons as his father had +disherited, he restored likewise to their former rights and possessions, +howbeit those had forsaken his father, and taken part with him against +his said father, he séemed now so much to mislike, that he remooued them +vtterlie from his presence, and contrariwise preferred such as had +continued faithfull vnto his father in time of the troubles.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matt. Paris.</i></span> +At length, king Richard remembring himselfe of his mother quéene +Elianor, who had béene separated from the bed of hir husband for the +space of sixtéene yeares, and was as yet deteined in prison in England, +wrote his letters vnto the rulers of the realme, commanding them to set +<span class="rightnote">The kings mother set at libertie.</span> +hir againe at libertie, and withall appointed hir by his letters +patents, to take vpon hir the whole gouernment of the kingdome in his +absence. The quéene being thus deliuered, and hauing now the cheefe +authoritie & rule in hir hands, rode in progresse about the realme, to +sée the estate thereof; and as she passed from place to place, she +shewed gladsome countenance to the people wheresoeuer she came, dooing +also what she could to pleasure them, that she might thereby win their +good willes to hir, and to hir sonne: but speciallie remembring by hir +late experience and tast thereof, what an irksome & most gréeuous thing +imprisonment was, she caused the gailes to be opened, and foorthwith set +no small number of prisoners at libertie by the way as she passed +through the countries, according to the verse of Virgil,</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Non ignara mali miseris succurrere disco.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>In the meane time, king Richard concluding a league with Philip king of +France, receiued all those places againe which were taken from his +father by the same Philip, togither with his wife Adela, whom vpon +suspicion that she had beene dishonested in hir person before, without +anie sufficient proofe thereof had, he forsooke, & sent hir home with +hir dowrie, and otherwise with great and princelie gifts, most +bountifullie inriched, hauing alreadie concluded a marriage with the +ladie Berengaria, daughter to Garsias king of Nauarre, who was sent into +Sicill vnto hir sister Joane, that he might marrie hir there, as he +passed that waie towards the holie land.</p> + +<p>Whilest these things passed thus in these parties, the christians in +<span class="rightnote">The 2. kings of England & France determine to go into the +holie land</span> +the holie land dailie sent hither for aid, wherevpon the two kings of +France and England tooke counsell togither, and determined with all +conuenient speed to ioine their powers, & with ships prepared for that +purpose to saile into Syria. Hauing thus concluded, they went about to +prepare themselues of necessarie prouision for so long a iournie. Now +when king Richard had set in order his affaires in Normandie and France, +<span class="rightnote">At Southhampton the 21 of August saith <i>Ger. Dor.</i> +<i>Rog. Houed.</i> <i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +he came ouer into England, landing at Portesmouth the 13. of August. +With him also came his brother John, vnto whom he assigned the castels +of Marlebridge, Lutegareshall, Peake, Bollesour, the honor of +Wallingford, Tikehill and Eie, with the earledoms of Mortaigne, Dorset, +Sumerset, Notingham, Derbie, Deuonshire, and Cornewall, with the +earledome of Lancaster, intituling him earle of the same, whereby he was +so exalted in state and degree, that he séemed in manner of a tetrarch, +hauing as it were a fourth part of the realme in gouernance: but yet the +king held some of the castels (in those counties and honors thus giuen +to his brother) in his owne hands. Moreouer, vnto William Marshall he +gaue in marriage the daughter of Richard earle of Chepstow, togither +with the earledome which hir father possessed: and to Gilbert Fitz Roger +the sonne of Rainfrey he gaue the daughter of William de Lancaster. +After he was landed (as before ye haue heard) he hasted to Winchester, +where his mother quéene Elianor with the most part of the English +nobilitie had laine a good space to attend his comming, and there on the +euen of the assumption of our ladie, the king was by them receiued with +great ioy and triumph.</p> + +<p>¶ Here is to be noted, that whilest the quéene and lords laie in +Winchester waiting for the kings arriuall, Geffrey Riddle the bishop of +Elie departed this life. He is named by +<a name="Page_204" id="Page_204" ></a><span class="pagenum">[204]</span> +Geruasius Dorobernensis the +proud bishop of Elie: but he might rather haue named him the rich +bishop, for he left in his cofers no small quantitie of treasure, of the +which thrée thousand and two hundred marks came to the kings part +towards the charges of his coronation. No maruell though Geruasius spake +somewhat in his dispraise, for (as he himselfe confesseth) he was no +fréend but an enimie to moonks.</p> + +<p>But to let this passe, soone after the kings comming into England, he +was informed that the Welshmen had broken into the English marshes, and +destroyed certeine townes; to represse whose presumptuous attempts he +made towards them, but was yet staied for that time, & reuoked by his +<span class="rightnote">His fathers treasure.</span> +mother. At Salisburie he found his fathers treasure, highlie reioising, +for that the summe was far greater than he thought it would haue +prooued, for besides the pretious stones, apparell, and iewels, it was +reported he had there the sum of nine hundred thousand pounds in readie +coine. With this good hap king Richard not a little aduanced, came to +<span class="rightnote"><i>R. Houed.</i> <i>Gau. Vinsaf.</i> <i>Nic. Triuet.</i><br /> +The second of September saith <i>Ger. Dor.</i></span> +London on the first of September, where he had appointed prouision to be +made for his coronation, and so calling a councell of the Nobles of the +realme, he receiued the crowne with all due and accustomed solemnitie, +at the hands of Baldwin the archbishop of Canturburie, the third daie of +September.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The order of his coronatiō. <i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +At his coronation, first the archbishops of Canturburie, Roan, Trier, +and Dublin, which were present, with all the other bishops, abbats, and +cleargie, apparelled in rich copes, and hauing the crosse, holie water +and censures carried afore them, came to fetch him vnto the doore of his +priuie chamber, and there receiuing him, they led him vnto the church at +Westminster, till he came before the high altar with a solemne +<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog. Houed.</i></span> +procession. In the middle of the bishops and cleargie went foure barons, +bearing candlesticks with tapers, after whom came Geffrey de Lucie +bearing the cap of maintenance, and John Marshall next to him, bearing a +great and massiue paire of spurs of gold: then followed William Marshall +earle of Striguill aliàs Pembroke, who bare the roiall scepter, in the +top wherof was set a crosse of gold: and William de Patrike earle of +Salisburie going next him, bare the warder or rod, hauing on the top +thereof a doue. Then came thrée other earles, Dauid brother to the king +of Scots, the earle of Huntington, John the kings brother earle of +Mortaigne, and Robert earle of Leicester, ech of them bearing a sword +vpright in his hand with the scabberds richlie trimmed and adorned with +gold.</p> + +<p>The earle of Mortaigne went in the midst betwixt the other two. After +<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog. Houed.</i></span> +them followed six earles and barons, bearing a checker table, vpon the +which was set the kings scochens of armes, and then followed William +Mandeuill earle of Albemarle, bearing a crowne of gold a great heigth +before the king, who followed the same, hauing Hugh bishop of Durham on +the right hand, and Reignold bishop of Bath on the left, ouer whom a +canapie was borne: and in this order he came into the church at +Westminster, where before the high altar in the presence of the cleargie +& the people, laieng his hand vpon the holie euangelists and the relikes +<span class="rightnote">The king his oth.</span> +of certeine saincts, he tooke a solemne oth, that he should obserue +peace, honour, and reuerence to almightie God, to his church, and to the +ministers of the same all the daies of his life. Also that he should +exercise vpright iustice to the people committed to his charge, and that +he should abrogate and disanull all euill lawes and wrongfull customes, +if anie were to be found within the precinct of his realme, and +mainteine those that were good and laudable.</p> + +<p>This doone, he put off all his garments from the middle vpwards, his +shirt excepted which was open on the shoulders, that he might be +annointed. The archbishop of Canturburie annointed him then in thrée +places, to wit, on the head, on the shoulders, and on the right arme, +with praiers in such case accustomed. After this, he couered his head +with a linnen cloth hallowed, and set his cap aloft thereon; and then +when he had put on his roiall garments and vppermost robe, the +archbishop tooke vnto him the sword wherewith he should beat downe the +enimies of the church; which doone, two earles put his shoes vpon his +feet, and hauing his mantell put on him, the archbishop forbad him on +the behalfe of almightie God, not to presume to take vpon him this +dignitie +<a name="Page_205" id="Page_205" ></a><span class="pagenum">[205]</span> +except he faithfullie meant to performe those things which he +had there sworne to performe. Wherevnto the king made answer, that by +Gods grace he would performe them. Then the king tooke the crowne beside +the altar, and deliuered it to the archbishop, which he set vpon the +kings head, deliuering to him the scepter to hold in his right hand, and +the rod roiall in his left hand, & thus being crowned he was brought +backe by the bishops and barons, with the crosse and candelsticks, and +three swords passing foorth before him vnto his seat. When the bishop +that sang the masse came to the offertorie, the two bishops that brought +him to the church, led him to the altar, and brought him backe againe.</p> + +<p>Finallie when masse was doone, and all things ended in order as was +requisit, he was brought with solemne procession into his chamber, where +he put off his heauie rich apparell, and put on a crowne and other +garments more light and easie, and so went to dinner, whereat wanted no +store of meats & drinks, which were serued out in most princelie and +bountifull wise.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Paruus.</i></span> +Vpon this daie of king Richards coronation, the Jewes that dwelt in +London and in other parts of the realme, being there assembled, had but +sorie hap, as it chanced. For they meaning to honour the same coronation +<span class="rightnote">The Jewes ment to present him with a rich gift.</span> +with their presence, and to present to the king some honourable gift, +whereby they might declare themselues glad for his aduancement, and +procure his freendship towards them, for the confirming of their +priuileges & liberties, according to the grants and charters made to +them by the former kings: he of a zealous mind to Christes religion, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matt. Paris.</i></span> +abhorring their nation (and doubting some sorcerie by them to be +practised) commanded that they should not come within the church when he +should receiue the crowne, nor within the palace whilest he was at +dinner.</p> + +<p>But at dinner time, among other that pressed in at the palace gate, +diuerse of the Jewes were about to thrust in, till one of them was +<span class="rightnote">A Jew striken.</span> +striken by a Christian, who alledging the kings commandement, kept them +backe from comming within the palace. Which some of the vnrulie people +perceiuing, and supposing it had béene doone by the kings commandement, +<span class="rightnote">The people fall vpon the Jewes and beat them.</span> +tooke lightlie occasion thereof, and falling vpon the Jewes with staues, +bats and stones, beat them and chased them home to their houses and +lodgings. Héerewith rose a rumor through the citie, that the king had +commanded the Jewes to be destroied, and therevpon came running +togither, to assault them in their houses, which when they could not +easilie breake vp nor enter, by reason the same were strongly builded, +<span class="rightnote">Their houses are set on fire.</span> +they set fire on them, so that diuers houses were consumed, not onelie +of the Jewes, but also of their neighbours, so hideous was the rage of +the fire. Here we see that</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Regis ad exemplum totus componitur orbis.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>The king being aduertised of this riotous attempt of the outragious +people, sent some of his councellours, as Ranulfe de Glanuille lord +Justice, and other officers to appease the tumult: but their authoritie +was nothing regarded, nor their persuasions any whit reuerenced, but +their thretnings rather brought themselues in danger of life among the +rude sort of those that were about to spoile, rob, and sacke the houses +and shops of the Jewes: to the better accomplishment of which their +vnlawfull act, the light that the fire of those houses which burned, +gaue after it was once night, did minister no small helpe and occasion +<span class="rightnote">Jewes burnt to death.</span> +of furtherance. The Jewes that were in those houses which were set on +fire, were either smoldred and burned to death within, or else at their +comming foorth most cruellie receiued vpon the points of speares, +billes, swords and gleaues of their aduersaries that watched for them +verie diligentlie.</p> + +<p>This outrage of the furious and disordered people continued from the +middest of the one day, till two of the clocke on the other; the commons +all that while neuer ceassing their furie against that nation, but still +killing them as they met with any of them, in most horrible, rash and +vnreasonable maner. At length, rather wearied with their cruell dooings, +than satisfied with spoile, or mooued with respect of reason or +reuerence of their prince, they withdrew themselues from their riotous +enterprise, after they had executed +<a name="Page_206" id="Page_206" ></a><span class="pagenum">[206]</span> +manie vnlawfull and horrible +enormities. This great riot well deserued sore and gréeuous punishment, +but yet it passed ouer without correction, in respect of the great +number of the transgressors, and for that the most part of men for the +hatred generallie concerned against the obstinate frowardnesse of the +Jewes, liked the dooings hereof well inough, interpreting it to be a +good token, that the ioifull daie of the kings aduancement to the crowne +should be dolefull vnto the Jewes, in bringing them to such slaughter +and destruction. Finallie, after that the tumult was ceassed, the king +commanded that no man should hurt or harme any of the Jewes, and so they +were restored to peace, after they had susteined infinit damage.</p> + +<p>¶ The occasion of this tragedie and bloudie tumult (redounding to the +Jewes great vexation and pitifull distresse, but to the satisfieng of +the peoples furious and vnbridled pronesse to crueltie) sprang +principallie from the king, who if he had not so lightlie esteemed of +the Jewes when they repaired vnto him with their present, in signe of +submission and hope of obteining their sute then purposed to be +exhibited; this hurlie burlie had not insued. For it was a violent +example & a mightie motiue to the people to maligne the Jewes; as also a +hart-gréefe to them in respect of their reiection, when the prince gaue +them so discourteous a repulse. Here therefore is to be obserued, that +the people is the princes ape, as one verie well saith. For looke +whereto he is inclined, note wherein he delighteth; the same is the +practise of the people: in consideration whereof the mightie ones of the +world haue speciall cause to haue an eie to their course of life, & to +set caueats before their actions, that the people may in them sée none +but good signes of commendable & vertuous imitation. For</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Pal. in suo sag.</i></span> +<span class="i2">—— regis imago<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Vulgus, & ad mores accedere principis optat.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Qualis enim rex est talis quoque subditus illi<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Esse solet populus, studijsque tenetur ijsdem.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">A councell at Pipewell.</span> +Shortlie after, to wit, the 15. day of September, a councell was holden +at Pipewell, where the bishops and abbats being assembled, there were in +presence of the king and of the archbishop of Canturburie elected +certeine bishops and abbats to such places as then were vacant: and +amongst other, William de Longchampe the kings chancellor was elected to +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Paruus.</i></span> +the sée of Elie, Geffrey the kings bastard brother vnto the +archbishoprike of Yorke, who was the 32. in number that had gouerned the +same, Geffrey de Lucie to Winchester, one Hubert Walter to Salisburie, +and Richard archdeacon of Elie, and the kings treasurer to the see of +London. The abbeies that were prouided of abbats were these, +Glastenburie, Shirborne, Persore and Feuersham. In like manner, John the +<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Whitherne consecrated. <i>Rog. Houed.</i></span> +elect of Whitherne was consecrated bishop of that see, by the hands of +the archbishop of Dublin. Also in this councell the king ordeined Hugh +bishop of Durham, and William Mandeuille earle of Albemarle, lord chéefe +iustices of England, hauing deposed Ranulfe de Glanuille from that +roome.</p> + +<p>Moreouer, the king being thus established in the estate of the kingdome, +did not forget his iournie which he had promised into the holie land, +but with all diligence made his prouision, and namelie he sought to +gather monie to furnish his charges, and so therevpon leuied a tax, +engaged, sold, and let to farme his lands, tols, customs, and other his +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matt. Par.</i></span> +reuenewes, with certeine counties and offices, so that he made an +exceeding summe of monie. He also found, that Ranulfe de Glanuille lord +chéefe iustice, and other of the head magistrates had not behaued +themselues vprightlie in the administration of their offices; so that he +both deposed the said lord cheefe iustice as is aforesaid, and almost +all the shiriffes and their deputies within the realme of England, +putting them to greeuous fines for their offenses and transgressions, +and so by that meanes he got no small deale of monie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Paruus.</i></span> +¶ Here note by the waie, how William Paruus affirmeth, that where this +Ranulfe Glanuille, being a man of high wisedome and stept into age, saw +that, manie things were doone +<a name="Page_207" id="Page_207" ></a><span class="pagenum">[207]</span> +by the new king, not so aduisedlie, nor +with such foresight as they ought to be, sought of his owne accord to be +discharged of his office, that he might the better prepare himselfe to +go in that iournie to the holie land, as by taking vpon him the crosse +he had vowed in the daies of king Henrie, and so he solemnelie renounced +his office, which other (nothing so worthie of it) did afterwards inioy.</p> + +<p>Moreouer, the king vnderstanding that Hugh Putsey or Pudsey bishop of +Durham, being a verie aged man, had much monie, he sold to him the +manour of Seggesfield or Sadberge, with the wapentake belonging to the +same, and also found meanes to persuade him to buy his owne prouince, +which he did, giuing to the king an inestimable summe of monie, and was +<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Durham Sadberge. +The bishop of Durham made an earle.</span> +therevpon created an earle by the king for the same: wherevpon he was +intituled both bishop and earle of Durham, whereat the king would iest +afterwards and saie; "What a cunning craftesman am I, that haue made a +new earle of an old bishop?"</p> + +<p>Furthermore, the same bishop gaue to the king a thousand markes to be +made chéefe iustice of England, and that he might tarrie at home, and +not go into the holie land. And bicause he would not be reprooued of any +person, he obteined of the apostolike sée (which faileth no man that is +surcharged with white or red mettall, and would be eased) a licence for +a summe of monie to be dispensed with for that iournie. The king thus +being earnestlie bent to make commoditie of those things, for the which +<span class="rightnote">The citizens of London present monie to the King. <br /> +<i>Polydor.</i><br /> +Liberties granted to London. Two bailiffes.</span> +he might get any monie at all, the citizens of London presented vnto him +a great summe towards the furnishing foorth of his enterprise. Wherevpon +to acquite their courtesie, he granted them large priuileges, and +ordeined that the citie should be ruled by two head officers, which they +should choose amongst themselues remoueable from yeare to yeare by the +name of bailiffes. The names of the two first bailiffes chosen by force +of that ordinance, were<a name="FNanchor_6_1" id="FNanchor_6_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a>, Henrie Cornehill, and Richard Fitz Reiner.</p> + +<p>The citie before those daies euer since the comming in of William +Conquerour, and a good while before his time, was gouerned by certeine +<span class="rightnote">Port Greues.</span> +officers or rulers named Port Greues (which word is deriued of two Saxon +words, as Port and Greue. By Port is meant a towne, and by Greue a +gardian or ruler, as who should saie, A kéeper or ruler of a towne.) +These rulers with<a name="FNanchor_6_2" id="FNanchor_6_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> the lawes & customes then vsed within this citie, were +registered in a booke called (as some haue said) Doomesdaie, but through +negligence after these lawes and customes were changed and altered, the +booke was lost, so that the remembrance of such rulers as were before +the daies of this Richard the first are not to be had. These bailiffes +euer entred at Michaelmasse, and so continued foorth their yeare.</p> + +<p>Thus began the citie first to receiue the forme and state of a +common-wealth, and to be diuided into felowships, which they call crafts +or corporations. Such also are admitted to the fellowships of these +<span class="rightnote">Apprentises.</span> +companies, as haue truelie serued as apprentises a certeine number of +yeares, as seuen at the least, vnder which time of seruice expired, +there is none made frée, nor suffered to inioy the liberties of that +<span class="rightnote">Fréemen.</span> +citie, sauing such as are borne free, that is to saie, of fréemen within +the citie, of whome at this time, it is not much materiall to make any +further report. The citie thus consisting of the said craftes or +occupations, chooseth out of the same a senat or companie of graue +councellours, whom they name Aldermen (E) changed into (A) according to +<span class="rightnote">Wards.</span> +the old Saxon pronuntiation. It is also diuided into 26. tribes or +wards, of the which euerie one hath his seuerall Alderman, or ouerseer, +who haue both authoritie sufficient, and large priuileges to mainteine +the good gouernement of their portions withall. Out of the number of +these, there is another officer yearelie chosen and appointed, called +<span class="rightnote">The Maior.</span> +the Maior, who ruleth all the rest.</p> + +<p>But now to returne vnto the further dooings of king Richard before his +departure out of England towards his iournie into the land of Palestine, +commonlie called Holie land, it is said, he made such sale of things +apperteining to him, as well in right of the crowne, +<a name="Page_208" id="Page_208" ></a><span class="pagenum">[208]</span> +as otherwise, that +it séemed to diuerse he made his reckoning neuer to returne againe, in +so much that some of his councellours told him plainelie, that he did +<span class="rightnote">K. Richard setteth things on sale. <i>Ran. Higd.</i> +<i>Wil. Paruus.</i></span> +not well in making things awaie so freelie, to the dishonoring of his +maiestie, and preiudice of his successour; vnto whome he answered, "that +in time of need it was no euill policie for a man to help himselfe with +his owne," and further ioined hereto these words, "that if London at +that time of néed would be bought, he would surelie sell it, if he might +méet with a conuenient merchant that were able to giue him monie inough +for it."</p> + +<p>Another way he had also to gather riches, and that was this. He had a +licence of pope Innocent the third, to dispense with such as pleased him +within his realme, for their vowes made to go into the holie land, +although they had taken on them the crosse for that purpose, namelie +such as he should appoint to remaine behind him for the defense of his +countrie: and of these also he tooke abundantlie, and diuerse other he +compelled to fine, namelie, to the end that he might get their monie +likewise, that hereby he obteined no small summe toward the furniture of +his iournie. But both pope & prince forgat in the meane while, that</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Boni pastoris est tondere pecus non excoriare.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>This yeare also in the moneth of Nouember, as Matthew Paris saith, +Johannes de Anagnia a cardinall and legat from the pope arriued here in +England, comming on land at Douer, and bicause the king was as then in +the north parts, the same cardinall was prohibited on the behalfe of the +kings mother quéene Elianor, to passe any further without the kings +commandement. And so he staied there thirtéene daies at the charges of +the archbishop of Canturburie, till the king came to those parties, by +whose wisedome a direction was taken for the quieting of the +controuersie betwixt the archbishop, and the moonkes of Canturburie, for +the chappell church of Hakington now called S. Stephans.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>R. Houed.</i></span> +In the same moneth of Nouember, by the kings appointment, Geffrey the +elect of Yorke, who was the kings brother, with other barons and lords +<span class="rightnote">William king of Scots.</span> +of Yorkeshire, receiued William king of Scotland at the water of Tweed, +and from thence with all due reuerence and honour they brought him vnto +<span class="rightnote">A councell called at Canturburie. <br /> +<i>Polydor.</i> <br /> +An oth.<br /> +<i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +Canturburie, where the king had called a councell of the lords of his +realme both spirituall and temporall, in the which euerie of them tooke +an oth to be true to the king, and to continue in due obedience vnder +him and his lawes, which oth also the king of Scots receiued, being +there present, and likewise king Richards brethren earle John and +Geffrey the archbishop of Yorke.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i> <i>Polydor.</i></span> +The king of Scots therefore hauing receiued this oth, and thinking the +time to serue his purpose for redéeming of those castels, which were +deliuered to king Henrie as gages for his ransome, paid now vnto king +<span class="rightnote">Restitution made to the K. of Scots. <i>Wil. Paruus.</i></span> +Richard ten thousand markes, and had restitution for the same, that is +of Berwike, Roxburgh, Sterling, and Edenburgh. But William Paruus +saieth, that Edenburgh was restored to him in the daies of king Henrie, +by reason of his wife which he tooke in the parties beyond the seas: and +herewith agréeth the Scotish chronicle. King Richard also assigned to +queene Elianor his mother, the accustomed dower, with manie lordships +<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog. Houed.</i></span> +and honours beside, as an augmentation thereof. About which time died +William de Mandeuille earle of Albemarle at Rouen, and Hugh de Putsey +<span class="rightnote"><i>N. Triuet.</i></span> +the nephue of the bishop of Durham died at Aclet, and was buried at +Durham. Also Formalis archbishop of Trier died at Northampton, and was +there buried in the church of S. Andrews.</p> + +<p>In the meane time, king Richard still desirous to furnish himselfe with +monie, deuised yet another shift, and feigned that he had lost his +seale; wherefore he commanded a new to be made, which being doone, he +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +caused it to be proclaimed and published in euerie countrie, that those +to whome he had granted any thing by his déed or charter, meaning to +inioy the same in suretie, should not thinke it much to come and haue it +confirmed by his new seale, least afterward the other being lost, their +lawfull titles might be called into question. Wherevpon manie that could +not come to him whilest he was in England, +<a name="Page_209" id="Page_209" ></a><span class="pagenum">[209]</span> +were glad to follow him, and +saile ouer into Normandie, and there to fine at his pleasure for the new +seale, to the end that their writings might be confirmed thereby, and +made so much the more sure to them and their successours. For the same +businesse also Remigius the prior of S. Albons, and manie other went +ouer to their great costs, charges, and trauell, after he was +transported into France.</p> + +<p>I find moreouer about the same time, that the kings brother earle John +exhibited a sore complaint against the Romane legat and other bishops, +for that the archbishop of Canturburie, after the appeale made vnto the +apostolike sea, had put his lands vnder interdiction for his mariage +made with the earle of Glocesters daughter: which when the legat heard, +he foorthwith confirmed the appeale, and released the earles lands of +the aforesaid interdiction. The same time also, the tenth part of all +the mooueable goods thorough the realme of England was leuied to the aid +of the warres in the holie land. And this collection passing vnder the +name of an almes, was extended vpon the goods as well of the spirituall +men as temporall.</p> + +<p>After all this, K. Richard desirous to set order in the gouernment of +<span class="rightnote">Hugh bishop of Durham gouerneth the north parts. +<i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +his realme, appointed Hugh bishop of Durham to haue the rule of the +north parts as cheefe iustice from Humber northwards toward Scotland, +deliuering vnto him also the keeping of Winchester castell: the residue +of the kingdome (with the custodie of the towre) he assigned to the +<span class="rightnote">William Lōgchampe bishop of Elie.</span> +gouernance of William Longchampe bishop of Elie, whome he had made +cheefe iustice of that part, and chancellour of the realme, a man of +great diligence and knowledge in the administration of things, but verie +factious and desirous of rule, honour and riches farre aboue all +measure. And with these two he ioined in commission Hugh Bardulfe, +William Marshall earle of Chepstow, or rather Penbrooke, Geffrey +Fitz-Peter, & William Brewer, men of great honour, wisedome, and +discretion.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>R. Houed.</i> King Richard passeth ouer in to Normandie.</span> +On the fift day of December, he departed from Canturburie, and went to +Douer, there to take water, and so on the eleuenth day of December he +passed ouer vnto Calice, where he found Philip earle of Flanders readie +to receiue him, who attended vpon him till he came into Normandie, where +<span class="yearnote">1190.</span> +the king held his Christmas at Burun, and immediatlie came to an +enteruiew with the French king at Gue S. Remige, where they concluded +<span class="rightnote"><i>Vadum sancti Remigij.</i> A league betwixt y<sup>e</sup> kings of England +and France.</span> +peace togither, to be kept betwixt them & their countries on ech part; +the which was put in writing, and confirmed with their oths and seales +in the feast of saint Hilarie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>R. Houed.</i></span> +Furthermore, about the purification of our ladie, Elianor the quéene +mother, and the ladie Alice sister to the French king, Baldwine +archbishop of Canturburie, John bishop of Norwhich, Hugh bishop of +Durham, Geffrey bishop of Winchester, Reignold bishop of Bath, William +Bishop of Elie, Hubert bishop of Salisburie, and Hugh bishop of Chester, +with Geffrey the elect of Yorke and John earle of Mortaigne the kings +two brethren, by commandement of the king passed ouer into Normandie, to +commen with him before his setting forward.</p> + +<p>¶ Some write, that now at this present, the king should ordeine or +rather confirme the bishop of Elie his chancellour to be lord chéefe +iustice ouer all England, and the bishop of Durham to be lord iustice +<span class="rightnote">Contention betwixt two ambitious bishops.</span> +from Trent northwards. But whensoeuer they were thus aduanced to such +dignities, howsoeuer they came by them, directlie or indirectlie, true +it is, that immediatlie therevpon, strife and discord did arise betwixt +them: for waxing proud and insolent, they disdained ech other, +contending which of them should bare most rule and authoritie, insomuch +that whatsoeuer séemed good to the one, the other misliked, as in cases +where<a name="FNanchor_6_3" id="FNanchor_6_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> parteners in authoritie are equall, it often happeneth. The like +hereof is noted before betwéene the archbishops of Canturburie and Yorke +in diuerse kings reignes. For the nature of ambition is to delight in +singularitie, to admit no peere, to giue place to no superior, to +acknowledge no equall. Hereto alludeth the poet verie neatlie, and +exemplifieth it in the old Romans, the order of whose actions is +<a name="Page_210" id="Page_210" ></a><span class="pagenum">[210]</span> +continued at this day, as by the words insuing may be gathered, and +ordinarilie obserued booth here and elsewhere;</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="rightnote"><i>M. Pal. in sua virg.</i></span> +<span class="i10">—— olim<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Romulidæ orabant, iacto post terga pudore<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Plebeios, quoties suffragia venabantur,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Cerdonúmq; animos precibus seruilibus atq;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Turpibus obsequijs captabant, muneribúsq;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Vt proprijs rebus curarent publica omissis;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Pérq; forum medium multis comitantibus irent,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Inflati vt vento folles, ac fronte superba, &c.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>Moreouer, at the same time he caused his two brethren, earle John, and +Geffrey the elect archbishop of Yorke to take an oth not to returne into +England during the terme of thrée yeares next insuing, without his +consent and licence first had. This he did, foreséeing what might +happen, prouiding as it were against such practises as his brethren +might happilie attempt against him. But yet his mother quéene Elianor +procured him to reuoke that decree immediatlie, least it might seeme to +the world, that hir sonnes should stand in feare one of another. And so +<span class="rightnote">Erle John licenced to returne into England.</span> +the earle of Mortaigne was licenced to returne into England at his +pleasure, swearing an oth at his departure to obeie the kings beheast, +and truelie to serue him, according to the dutie of a good and loiall +subiect. The bishop of Elie lord chancellour and cheefe iustice of +England was also sent backe hither into this realme, to set forward +things behoouefull for the kings iournie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Elie returneth.</span> +In like maner the king sent to Rome to obteine that the said bishop of +Elie might be constituted the popes legat through both the prouinces of +Canturburie and Yorke, and likewise through Wales and Ireland. Which was +soone granted by the bulles of pope Clement the third, bearing date the +5. of June. For the which office the bishops gaue him 1500. marks, to +the great offense of the king, as he shewed afterward to cardinall +Octauian that came to visit him when he arriued in the riuer of Tiber, +being vpon his iourneie towards Messina, as after may appeare. But in +the meanetime, calling togither the lords, and peeres of those his +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +dominions on that side the sea, to wit, Normandie, Britaine, Aniou, +Poitou, and Guien, he consulted with them what number of soldiors and +how many ships it should be conuenient for him to take with him and +furnish into Asia: and herewith he did command them also to obeie Robert +earle of Leicester, whome he appointed to remaine amongst them as his +lieutenant or vicegerent of those parts during his absence.</p> + +<p>¶ But here to leaue king Richard in consultation for matters +appertaining to his iournie, and shew brieflie what happened (by the +<span class="rightnote"><i>W. Paruus.</i></span> +waie) to the Jewes, which as then dwelt heere in England, after that +king Richard was passed ouer into Normandie: ye haue heard how after the +riot against them at London, when the king was crowned, he tooke order +that they should remaine in peace vnder his protection, and commanded +that no person should in anie wise molest them. But now after that he +was gone ouer, and that the souldiers (which prepared themselues to +follow him) began to assemble in routs, the heads of the common people +began to wax wild and faine would they haue had some occasion of raising +<span class="rightnote">The hatred borne to the Jewes.</span> +a new tumult against the Jewes, whome (for their vnmercifull vsurie +practised to the vndooing of manie an honest man) they most deadlie +hated, wishing most earnestlie their expulsion out of England. Hervpon +by reason of a riot committed latelie against them, at the towne of Lin +in Norfolke, where manie of them were slaine, other people in other +parts of the realme, taking occasion hereat, as if they had béene called +vp by the sound of a bell or trumpet, arose against them in those townes +where they had any habitations, and robbed and bet them after a +disordered and most riotous maner.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Iohn Textor.</i></span> +As at Stamford (on the faire day in Lent); at Lincolne and at Yorke, in +which citie +<a name="Page_211" id="Page_211" ></a><span class="pagenum">[211]</span> +after a number of them had béene besieged certeine daies +within a towre of the kings (whither they fled for succour) one of their +<span class="rightnote">Fiue hundred saith <i>Houeden</i> and <i>Textor</i></span> +learned gouernours caused foure hundred of their companie to consent to +haue their throts cut one at an others hands, he himselfe cutting his +wiues throt first, whose name was Anna, then his childrens, one after +another, and last of all slue himselfe onelie rather than he would fall +into the hands of the christians, that had thus long besieged them. The +rest perceiuing what their great Rabbi had doone, set fire vpon all +their goods and substance, which they had gotten into the tower with +them, and so consuming the same, would haue burnt also the residue of +their fellowes which would not agrée to the Rabbies counsell, in the +cruell murthering of themselues, if they had not taken a strong turret +hard by within that tower, and defended themselues both from the fire +and crueltie of their brethren, who had made awaie themselues in such +manner as I haue said: and that to the number of foure hundred, or (as +some write) fiue hundred at the least.</p> + +<p>On the morow, those that were saued, called out to the people, and not +onelie shewed how and after what sort their fellowes were dispatched, +but also offered to be baptised, and forsake their Judaisme, if they +might haue their liues saued from the imminent & present danger wherein +they saw themselues to be wrapped, through the furie of the people. To +be short, this thing was granted, and they came foorth, howbeit they +were no sooner entred into the prease, but they were all slaine, and not +one man of them preserued.</p> + +<p>After this also, the people ran to the cathedrall church, and broke into +those places where their bonds and obligations laie, by the which they +had diuerse of the kings subiects bound vnto them in most vnconscionable +sort, and for such detestable vsurie as (if the authors that write +thereof were not of credit) would hardlie be beleeued. All which +euidences or bonds they solemnelie burned in the middest of the church. +After which, ech went his waie, the souldiers to the king, and the +commons to their houses, and so was the citie quieted. This happened at +Yorke on Palmesundaie eeue, being the 17. of March: and vpon the 15. of +that moneth, those that inhabited in the towne of S. Edmundsburie in +Suffolke, were set vpon, and manie of them slaine. The residue that +escaped, through the procurement of the abbat then named Samson, were +expelled, so that they neuer had anie dwellings there since that time.</p> + +<p>Thus were the Jewes vnmercifullie dealt with in all places in maner +through this realme, the first beginning whereof chanced at London (as +before ye haue heard) and the next at Lin, of which I thinke it good to +note some part of the maner therof, although breeflie, and so to returne +to my purpose. The occasion therefore of the tumult at Lin chanced by +this meanes: it fortuned that one of the Jewes there was become a +christian, wherewith those of his nation were so mooued, that they +determined to kill him where soeuer they might find him. And herevpon +they set vpon him one daie as he came by, through the streets: he to +escape their hands fled to the next church; but his countriemen were so +desirous to execute their malicious purpose, that they followed him +still, and inforced themselues to breake into the church vpon him. +Herewith the noise being raised by the christians that sought to saue +the conuerted Jew, a number of mariners being forreners, that were +arriued there with their vessells out of sundrie parts, and diuerse also +of the townesmen came to the rescue, and setting vpon the Jewes, caused +them to flee into their houses.</p> + +<p>The townesmen were not verie earnest in pursuing of them, bicause of the +kings proclamation and ordinance before time made in fauour of the +<span class="rightnote">The slaughter made of the Jews at Lin.</span> +Jewes: but the mariners followed them to their houses, slue diuerse of +them, robbed and sacked their goods, and finallie set their dwellings on +fire, and so burnt them vp altogither. These mariners being inriched +with the spoile of the Jewes goods, and fearing to be called to accompt +for their vnlawfull act by the kings officers, got them foorthwith to +shipboord, and hoising vp sailes, departed with their ships to the sea, +and so escaped the danger of that +<a name="Page_212" id="Page_212" ></a><span class="pagenum">[212]</span> +which might haue béene otherwise laid +to their charge. The townesmen being called to an accompt excused +themselues by the mariners, burdening them with all the fault. But +although they of Lin were thus excused, yet they of Yorke escaped not so +easilie. For the king being aduertised of such outrage, doone contrarie +to the order of his lawes and expresse commandement, wrote ouer to the +bishop of Elie his chancellour, charging him to take cruell punishment +of the offenders.</p> + +<p>The bishop with an armie went to Yorke, but the cheefe authors of the +riot hearing of his comming, fled into Scotland: yet the bishop at his +comming to the citie, caused earnest inquirie to be made of the whole +matter. The citizens excused themselues, & offered to proue that they +were not of counsel with them that had committed the riot, neither had +they aided nor comforted them therein an anie maner of wise. And in déed +the most part of them that were the offenders, were of the countries and +townes néere to the citie, with such as were crossed into the holie +land, and now gone ouer to the king, so that verie few or none of the +substantiall men of the citie were found to haue ioined with them. +<span class="rightnote">The citizens of Yorke put to their fine for slaughter of the +Jewes.</span> +Howbeit this would not excuse the citizens, but that they were put to +their fine by the stout Bishop, euerie of them paieng his portion +according to his power and abilitie in substance, the common sort of the +poore people being pardoned, and not called into iudgement, sith the +ringleaders were fled and gone out of the waie: and thus much by waie of +digression touching the Jews.</p> + +<p>Now to returne vnto the king, who in this meane time was verie busie to +prouide all things necessarie to set forward on his iournie; his ships +which laie in the mouth of the riuer of Saine, being readie to put off, +he tooke order in manie points concerning the state of the common-wealth +on that side, and chéefelie he called to mind, that it should be a thing +necessarie for him, to name who should succeed him in the kingdome of +England, if his chance should not be to returne againe from so long and +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matt. West.</i></span> +dangerous a iournie. He therefore named (as some suppose) his nephue +Arthur, the sonne of his brother Geffrey duke of Britaine, to be his +successour in the kingdome, a yoong man of a likelie proofe and +princelie towardnesse, but not ordeined by God to succéed ouer this +kingdome.</p> + +<p>About the same time the bishop of Elie, lord chancellour and cheefe +iustice of England, tooke vp to the kings vse, of euerie citie in +England two palfries and two sumpter horsses, & of euerie abbeie one +palfrie and one sumpter horsse, & euerie manour within the realme found +also one palfrie and one sumpter horsse. Moreouer, the said bishop of +Elie, deliuered the gouernement of Yorkeshire to his brother Osbert de +Longchampe: and all those knights of the said shire, the which would not +come to make answer to the law vpon summons giuen them, he commanded to +be apprehended and by and by cast in prison. Also when the bishop of +Durham was returned from the king and come ouer into England to go vnto +his charge, at his meeting with the lord chancellour at Elie +(notwithstanding that he shewed him his letters patents of the grant +made to him to be iustice from Trent northward) the said lord +<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Durham restreined of libertie.</span> +chancellour taking his iournie to Southwell with him, there deteined him +as prisoner, till he had made surrender to him of the castell of +Windsor, & further had deliuered to him his sonnes, Henrie de Putsey, +and Gilbert de la Ley, as pledges that he should keepe the peace against +the king and all his subiects, vntill the said prince should returne +from the holie land. And so he was deliuered for that time, though +shortlie after, and whilest he remained at Houeden, there came to him +Osbert de Longchampe the lord chancellours brother, and William de +Stuteuille, the which caused the said bishop to find sufficient suretie +that he should not thence depart without the kings licence, or the lord +chancellors, so long as the king should be absent. Herevpon the bishop +of Durham sent knowledge to the king how and in what sort he had béene +handled by the chancellor.</p> + +<p>In the meane time the king was gone into Gascoigne, where he besieged a +<span class="rightnote">William de Chisi.</span> +castell that belonged to one William de Chisi, and tooke both the +castell and the owner, whome he +<a name="Page_213" id="Page_213" ></a><span class="pagenum">[213]</span> +caused to be hanged for the spoiles and +robberies which he had committed vpon pilgrims that passed by those +parts toward Compostella, to visit the bodie of saint James. After this, +the king came backe vnto Chinon in Aniou, and there tooke order for the +<span class="rightnote">The kings nauie is set foorth.<br /> +Baion.<br /> +Sablius, or Sabuille.</span> +setting foorth of his nauie by sea, ouer which he appointed chéefe +gouernours Gerard archbishop of Aux, Bernard bishop of Baieux, Robert de +Sablius, Richard de Camuille<a name="FNanchor_6_4" id="FNanchor_6_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a>, and William de Fortz de Vlerun, commanding +all those that should passe foorth with his said nauie, to be obedient +vnto these persons as his deputies and lieutenants. Herewith they were +appointed to prouide victuals to serue all those that should go by sea +for the space of 60 daies.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +The king also made the same time certeine ordinances to be obserued +among the seafaring men which tended to this effect:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Slaiers of men.</span> +1 First, that if any man chanced to slea an other on the shipboord, he +should be bound to the dead bodie and so throwne into the sea.</p> + +<p>2 Secondlie, if he killed him on land, he should yet be bound to him as +before, and so buried quicke togither.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Brallers. Punishment for blouddrawers.</span> +3 Thirdlie, if any man should be conuicted by lawfull witnesse, that he +drew any weapon to strike any other, or chanced by striking at any man +to draw bloud of him that was smitten, he should lose his hand.</p> + +<p>4 Fourthlie, if he gaue but a blowe with his fist without bloudshedding, +he should be plunged three seuerall times ouer head and eares in the +water.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Reuilers.</span> +5 Fifthlie, if any man reuiled another, he should for euerie time so +misusing himselfe, forfeit an ounce of siluer.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Theft and pickeries.</span> +6 Sixtlie, that if anie man were taken with theft or pickerie, and +thereof conuicted, he should haue his head polled, and hot pitch powred +vpon his pate, and vpon that, the feathers of some pillow or cushion +shaken aloft, that he might thereby be knowne for a theefe, and at the +next arriuall of the ships to any land, be put foorth of the companie to +seeke his aduenture, without all hope of returne vnto his fellowes.</p> +</div> + +<p>These were the statutes which this famous prince did enact at the first +for his nauie, which sithens that time haue been verie much inlarged. +About the same time John Bishop of Whiterne in Scotland, suffragane to +the church of Yorke, ordeined Geffrey archbishop of Yorke, préest. At +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Paruus.</i></span> +the same season also the election of the same Geffrey was confirmed by +pope Clement, who among other things that he wrote to the chapiter of +Yorke on his behalfe, in the end he addeth these words: "We do therefore +admonish you all, and by the apostolicall bulles command you, that you +exhibit both reuerence and honour vnto him as vnto your prelat, that +thereby you may appeare commendable both before God and man. Giuen at +Lateran in the nones of March and third yeare of our gouernment."</p> + +<p>Whilest these things were in dooing, there came into France legats from +the said Clement, to mooue the two kings to make all the spéed possible +towards their iourneie, bicause of the great danger wherein things stood +in Palestine, requiring present helpe. Herevpon king Richard (his men +and prouision being readie) commanded that his ships should set forward, +& to coast about by the streicts of Giberalterre to come vnto +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> King Richard set forward on his iournie. +<i>Rog. Houed.</i></span> +Marseilles, where he appointed to méet them, and so with a chosen +companie of men he also set foorth thitherwards by land, and comming to +Tours, receiued the scrip and staffe as a pilgrime should, at the hands +of the archbishop there.</p> + +<p>After this, both the kings of England and France met at Vizeley in the +octaues of the natiuitie of S. John Baptist, and when they had remained +there two daies they passed foorth to the citie of Lion; where the two +kings departed in sunder, and each one kept his iournie, the one toward +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 2.</span> +Guenes, where his nauie was appointed to come to him, and the other to +Marseilles, there to méet with his fléet, according to his appointment. +<span class="rightnote">The English fléet staied by contrarie winds.</span> +But the English ships being let and staied by the way by contrarie winds +and rigorous tempests, which tossed them<a name="FNanchor_6_5" id="FNanchor_6_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> to and fro vpon the coasts of +Spaine, could not come in +<a name="Page_214" id="Page_214" ></a><span class="pagenum">[214]</span> +any conuenient time vnto Marseilles, so that +king Richard thinking long to tarrie for them, & perceiuing they could +<span class="rightnote">Twentie gallies & twelue other vessels saith <i>Houed.</i> +Vpon the seauenth day of August saith <i>Houeden</i>.</span> +not kéepe their appointed time, he hired ships from all places +thereabouts, and embarking himselfe and his men in the same, vpon saint +Laurence +euen, sailed foorth towards Sicile, where he was appointed to +méet with king Philip.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog. Houed.</i></span> +Here is to be noted, that king Richard made not all that iourneie from +Marseilles to Messina by sea, but sundrie times comming on land, hired +horsses, and rode foorth alongst the coast, appointing with his ships +and gallies where to meet him, and sometimes he rested certeine daies +togither in one place or other as at Portdelphin, at Naples, and at +Salerne, from whence there departed from him Baldwine archbishop of +Canturburie, Hubert bishop of Salisburie, and the lord Ranulfe de +Glanuille, the which taking vpon them to go before, with prosperous wind +and weather in short space landed at Acon, which was then besieged, as +you shall heare hereafter.</p> + +<p>At Rome the king came not, but being within the streame of the riuer of +Tiber, there came to him a cardinall named Octauianus, bishop of Hostia, +<span class="rightnote">King Richard blameth the court of Rome for couetousnesse.</span> +to whome be spake manie reprochfull words of the couetousnesse vsed in +the court of Rome (a vice reputed the common nursse of all mischéefes, +as one verie well noteth,</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Vbi auaritia est, habitant fermè omnia ibidem<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Flagitia, impietas, periuria, furta, rapinæ,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Fraudes atq; doli, insidiæq; & proditiones,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Iurgia & infandæ cædes, &c.)<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p class="nogap">Bicause they had receiued seauen hundred marks for the consecration of +the bishop of Mauns, and 1500. marks for the confirming of the bishop of +Elie the popes legat. And againe no small summe of monie they had +receiued of the archbishop of Burdeaux, when vpon an accusation brought +against him by the cleargie of his prouince he should haue béene +deposed. In the meane time whiles king Richard thus passed forward +towards Messina, the nauie that was appointed to coast about Spaine and +to méet him at Marseilles, was tossed (as before is said) with wind and +tempests, and a part thereof, that is, to wit, ten ships driuen here and +there on the coasts of Spaine, of which number nine arriued at Lisbone +and the tenth being a ship of London arriued at the citie of Sylua, +which was then the vttermost citie of Spaine, that was inhabited with +christians.</p> + +<p>The Saracens at that time made warres against the king of Portingale, so +that the Portingales stood in néed of aid, in so much that they of Sylua +did not onelie intreat the Englishmen to staie with them for a time, but +also got grant of them to breake their ship, with the timber whereof +they might the better fortifie their towne, promising that their king +should recompense them with an other as good as theirs, and also further +satisfie them for their seruice, during the time of their abode therein +defense of that citie. Likewise of those that arriued at Lisbone there +went to the number of fiue hundred vnto saint Iranes, where the king of +<span class="rightnote">The king of Portingale.</span> +Portingale then was, looking to be assaulted by his enimies: but by the +counterfet<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> death of the great K. of the Saracens named Boiac +<span class="rightnote">Almiramumoli king of the Saracens.</span> +Almiramumoli (who feared these new succours, and doubted the sequele of +his dooings, to the end he might depart with honour, he fained himselfe +dead) the king of Portingale was for that time presentlie deliuered out +of danger.</p> + +<p>Herevpon he returned to Lisbone, where he found three score and thrée +other ships of king Richards nauie there newlie arriued, ouer the which +<span class="rightnote">Robert de Sabuuille. Richard de Camuille.</span> +were chéefe capteins Robert de Sabuuille, and Richard de Camuille: which +at their comming to land could not so gouerne their people, but that +some naughtie fellowes amongst them fell to breaking and robbing of +orchards: some also entring into the citie, behaued themselues verie +disorderlie. But yet by the comming of the king, their lewdnesse was +staied; so that he seemed not to séeke reuenge of the pilgrims, but +rather with courteous meanes to bridle their vnlawfull attempts: +wherevnto the diligence of the English capteines not a little preuailed +<a name="Page_215" id="Page_215" ></a><span class="pagenum">[215]</span> +for a while, but yet for all that could be done on both sides, within +three daies after, a new tumult was raised betwixt the English pilgrims +and the townesmen, and diuerse hurt and killed on either part.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">A mutinie betwixt the Englishmen and the townsmen of +Lisbone.<br /> +Englishmen committed to prison.</span> +Wherevpon the king caused the gates of the citie to be shut, and all +those that were come from the ships into the citie to eat and drinke +(being in number about seauen hundred) were apprehended and committed to +ward: and before they could be released, sir Robert Sabuuille and sir +Richard Camuille were glad to agree with the king, so as all former +offenses being remitted, and things taken by either part restored, the +Englishmen promised to obserue the peace against the king of Portingale +and his people; and he likewise couenanted for him and his subiects, +that they should kéepe the peace against all pilgrims that went foorth +in this voiage, and vse them like his fréends, and thus the quarell +ceased.</p> + +<p>Soone after, the English nauie departed from Lisbone, and came into the +mouth of the riuer of Taie, betwéene Caperico and Belem, where the same +daie on saint James éeue the lord William de Forzdulerun arriued also +with thrée and thirtie other ships, and so then they were in all about +<span class="rightnote">The English ships méet togither.</span> +an hundred and six sailes verie well furnished and manned, and so from +thence taking their course towards Marseilles, finallie they arriued +there in the octaues of the assumption of our ladie; and staieng there +an eight daies (till they had repaired such things about their ships as +were néedfull) they set forward againe, and came to Messina in Sicile in +the feast of the exaltation of the crosse. On the sunday following also +came the French king thither, hauing lost no small part of his nauie by +tempests of weather.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">They arriue at Messina.</span> +King Richard as then remained at Salern, and hearing that his nauie was +gone towards Messina, he departed thence on the thirteenth day of +September, and hasted forth towards Messina, passing by Melphi and +Cocenza, and so at length comming to Faro de Messina, he passed the +<span class="rightnote">K. Richard arriueth at Messina.</span> +same, and on the 23. day of September arriued at Messina with great +noise of trumpets and other instruments, to the woonder of the French +king and others that beheld his great puissance and roiall behauiour now +at this comming. The same time he went vnto the French kings lodging, to +commen with him of their businesse: and immediatlie the French king +tooke the sea, in purpose to haue passed forward on his iournie but by +contrarie wind he was staied and kept backe within the hauen, wherevpon +both the kings determined to winter there, and in the meane time to +prouide themselues of alle things necessarie for their iournie, against +the beginning of the next spring. On the 30. of September he receiued +his sister the quéene of Sicile, the widow of William the late king of +that Ile, whom he placed in a strong fortresse, which he tooke the same +day and left therein a conuenient garison of men of armes and demilances +for the safegard of the place and of his said sister.</p> + +<p>¶ But now for the better vnderstanding of the cause of such quarelling +as fell out betwixt the Englishmen and the Sicilians, yée shall +vnderstand that a little before the arriuall of the kings of England and +France in those parts, king William of Sicile was departed this life, +leauing no issue behind him. Wherevpon the lords of the Ile elected one +Tancred to their king, a bastard sonne of Roger sometime king of that +land, and grandfather to this last decessed king William. This Tancred +though he receiued king Richard verie courteouslie; yet he greatlie +trusted him not, bicause he demanded the dowrie of his sister quéene +Joane, wife to the late king William to be restored, whereas he had not +readie monie to discharge it.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">A chaire of gold.</span> +Furthermore to depart with the citie of Mount saint Angelo; with all the +countrie therevnto belonging; which was indéed assigned to hir for hir +dowrie, he thought in no wise profitable: but king Richard did not +<span class="rightnote">K. Richards demands for the dowrie of his sister wife to K. +William.</span> +onelie require that citie and countie with a chaire of gold, according +to the custome of that kingdome in right of his sister, as due to hir by +way of hir dowrie, but also he required to his owne vse a table of gold +conteining twelue foot in length, and one foot and a halfe in breadth, & +two tressels of gold to +<a name="Page_216" id="Page_216" ></a><span class="pagenum">[216]</span> +beare vp the same table, with 24. siluer cups, +and as manie dishes of siluer, with a tent of silke of such largenesse +that two hundred knights might sit at meat within it: also fortie +thousand measures of wheat, with as manie of barlie, and as manie of +wine, beside one hundred armed gallies, with all furniture and vittels +sufficient to serue the gallie-men in the same for the terme of two +yeares. These things he demanded as due to him being heire to his father +king Henrie, accordinglie as was deuised by king William in his last +will and testament, which demands seemed intollerable to the said +Tancred: so that if he could haue shifted the matter, he was loth to +haue heard thereof.</p> + +<p>Moreouer, bicause pope Clement in right of the church pretended a title +to the realme of Sicile, now that king William was dead without heires, +he doubted of some practise that might be made against him betwixt king +Richard and the pope. Wherevpon he thought to prouide against all +attempts that might be made, fortifieng his townes & castels with strong +garisons, and tooke counsell with the citizens of Messina, by what +meanes he might soonest dispatch his countrie of that present danger, +and procure K. Richard to get him forward on his iournie.</p> + +<p>Whilest these things were in hand, there was ministred to the English +men occasion of displeasure: for as it oftentimes chanceth (where an +armie is) certeine of the vnrulie souldiers within Messina vsed +themselues somewhat riotouslie, wherevpon the citizens offended +therewith, got them to armour, and chased all the souldiers out of the +citie. King Richard who laie in campe without the walles néere to the +citie, was so highlie displeased herewith, that he caused his men to +arme themselues, and to prepare ladders and other necessarie things to +assault the citie: but by the mediation of the French king & curteous +excuse of king Tancred (alledging the fault to rest onelie in a sort of +rude citizens, whome he promised to punish) the matter was taken vp, and +staied for a time, till at length it was perceiued, that the Sicilians +subtilie went about to feed king Richard with faire words, till he +should be readie to set forwards on his iournie, and so should the +matter passe without further punishment.</p> + +<p>Herevpon king Richard, not minding to be so mocked at their hands, +approched one daie to the wals and gates with his armie in good araie of +<span class="rightnote">K. Richard assalteth and entreth the citie by force.</span> +battell to giue the assault, which was doone so earnestlie, and so well +mainteined, that finallie the citie was entred by force, and manie of +the citizens slaine, but the slaughter had béene much greater, if king +Richard had not commanded his men to spare the sword, mooued with the +lamentable noise of poore people crieng to him for mercie and grace. The +Englishmen hauing got possession of the citie pight vp the banners with +the armes of the king of England round about the wals, wherewith the +French king was sore displeased, and required that the same might be +taken downe, and his set vp: but the king of England would not so agrée. +Neuerthelesse to pacifie the French kings mood, he deliuered the citie +of Messina into the custodie of the knights Templers and Hospitalers, +till he might be satisfied of such things as he demanded of king +Tancred.</p> + +<p>After this on the 8. daie of October, the two kings of England and +France, before a great number of earles, barons, and others, both of the +<span class="rightnote">The two kings of England and France receiue a solemne oth.</span> +cleargie and temporaltie, tooke their solemne othes, that the one should +defend the other, and also either others armie in this iournie, both +comming and going, without fraud or deceipt: and the like oth was +receiued by the earles and barons on both parties. Then the two kings by +aduise and consent of both their armies deuised these ordinances.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Ordinances deuised.</span> +1 That all pilgrims which chanced to die in this iournie might dispose +at their pleasure all their armour, horsses, and apparell, and halfe of +those things which they had with them, so that they sent nothing home +into their countries, and the other halfe should be at the discretion of +Walter archbishop of Rouen, Manser bishop of Langres, of the maister of +the temple, and of the maister of the Hospitall, of Hugh duke of +Burgoigne, of Rafe de Coucie, of Drogo de Marlow, of Robert Sabuill, +Andrew de Chauennie, and +<a name="Page_217" id="Page_217" ></a><span class="pagenum">[217]</span> +of Gilbert Wascoile, which should imploie the +same towards the support of the wars in the holie land against the +infidels as they thought most expedient.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Plaie forbidden.</span> +2 That no man should plaie at anie game within the armie for monie, +except knights and chapleins, the which should not loose in one daie and +night aboue 20 shillings, they to forfeit an 100 shillings so oft as +they lost aboue that summe: the persons aforenamed to haue the same to +be distributed as afore is said. The two kings might plaie, and command +their seruants in their presence likewise to plaie, so that they +excéeded not the summe of 20 shillings. And also the seruants of +archbishops, bishops, earles and barons, by their maisters commandement +might play, not excéeding that summe: but if anie seruants or mariners, +or other of like degrée, were found to play without licence, the +seruants should be whipped naked three daies round about the campe, +except they ransomed foorth themselues, at the pleasure of the persons +aboue named: and the mariners should be plunged ouer head and eares in +the sea three mornings togither, after the vse of seamen, except they +redeem that punishment, at the discretion likewise of the said persons: +and those of other like meane degrées being neither knights nor +chapleins should be punished as seruants.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Borrowing.</span> +3 That if anie pilgrime borrowed anie thing of an other whilest he was +on his iournie, he should be bound to paie it: but if he borrowed it +before his setting foorth, he was not bound to answer it till his +returne home.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Souldiers or mariners departing from their masters.</span> +4 That if anie mariner or seruant, reteined in wages with anie man in +this iournie, departed from his master without licence, no other person +might receiue him, and if he did, he should be punished at the +discretion of the forenamed persons.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Vittelers.</span> +5 That no vitteler or other should buy any bread to sell againe, nor any +meale within the compasse of the campe, except the same were brought by +a stranger, neither might they buy any paast or other thing to sell +againe in the campe, or within a league of it.</p> + +<p>6 That if anie man bought corne wherof to make bread, it was appointed +how much he should gaine in one measure beside the bran.</p> + +<p>7 That other occupiers, which vsed buieng and selling of wares, should +gaine one penie in 10 pence, neither should anie man refuse anie of the +kings coine, except it were broken within the circle.</p> + +<p>8 That no man should buy anie flesh to sell it againe, except a liuing +beast, which he should kill within the campe.</p> + +<p>9 That no man should make bread to sell, but after the rate of penie +loaues. Wherin the penie English was appointed to go for foure pence +Aniouine. All these ordinances with other were decreed and ordeined to +be obserued and kept by the counsell, consent, and agreement of the +kings of England, France, and Sicile.</p> +</div> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +But to returne now to the dissention betwixt the Englishmen +and them of Messina: ye shall vnderstand that the tumult being once +ceassed, and diuerse of the chéefe offenders in the late commotion put +to death, king Tancred shortlie after came thither, and sought to auoid +all suspicion out of king Richards head, that he might conceiue of him +for béeing in anie wise culpable in that which his subiects of Messina +had attempted against him, and therefore hauing recouered monie of his +freends, he restored vnto king Richard the dowrie of his sister quéene +Joane, and further offered vnto him to ioine in new alliance with him, +offering his daughter in mariage vnto Arthur duke of Britaine, the kings +nephue, with a great summe of monie for hir dowrie, if it so should +please him.</p> + +<p>King Richard accepted the offer, and so ioined in peace and affinitie +with the king of Sicile, receiuing of him twentie thousand ounces of +gold for the same mariage to be had, and an honorable dowrie assigned +foorth of the lands that belonged to the said Arthur for the said ladie +to inioy during hir life, in case she suruiued hir husband. And if it so +chanced, that by the death of either of them the mariage could not take +place, then +<a name="Page_218" id="Page_218" ></a><span class="pagenum">[218]</span> +should king Richard restore the same twentie thousand +ounces of gold againe. But beside these twentie thousand ounces of gold +thus giuen by king Tancred for the mariage of his daughter, he gaue +other twentie thousand ounces to king Richard for an acquitance and +quite claime of all manner of duties, rights, and demands, which either +he or his sister might pretend, either by reason of anie bequest, +dowrie, or anie other manner of waie.</p> + +<p>Here is to be noted, that before this conclusion of peace was had, king +Richard prouided for his owne defense, in case that king Tancred and his +people would haue attempted force against him, in so much that he +fortified certeine places, and built a strong castell aloft vpon the top +of an hill fast by Messina, which castell he called Mategriffon. Also +whereas the admirall of Sicile called Margaret, and one Jordane del +Poine, men of great authoritie vnder king Tancred, fled out of Messina +with all their families and riches, which they had either in gold or +siluer, king Richard seized vpon their houses, their gallies, and +possessions, so that he made himselfe as strong as he could, to resist +all attempts that might be made against him by his enimies. But now to +procéed.</p> + +<p>The variance being thus appeased betwixt them, great discord chanced to +arise betwixt king Richard and king Philip, who was much offended with +king Richard, for that he had thus vsed violence against them of +Messina, and compelled king Tancred to agrée with him for monie, to the +<span class="rightnote">The lawes of Herberrough.</span> +great offense and breach of the lawes of Herberrough, sith the Sicilians +verie liberallie aided and furnished the christians armie with vittels +and necessarie prouisions. The Frenchmen also had much enuie thereat, +<span class="rightnote">Englishmen and Frenchmen fought.</span> +that shortlie after vpon a small occasion they picked a quarell against +the Englishmen, and from words fell to strokes on both sides, so that +there had beene much hurt & slaughter committed, if the two kings had +<span class="rightnote">Discord in an armie the hinderer of all profitable enterprises.</span> +not doone their best to appease the fraie begun.</p> + +<p>But this businesse though it was quietlie as then taken vp and staied, +yet bred it such displeasure betwixt the princes and their people, that +it turned to the great hurt and hinderance of their good proceedings in +their whole enterprise, so that the occasion of a full and perfect +victorie easilie slipped out of their hands, as you shall heare +hereafter.</p> + +<p>An other also of the chéefest causes of grudge betwixt the two kings +was, for that king Richard in familiar talke confessed vnto king Philip, +that he would marie the king of Nauarres daughter, and cléerelie forsake +his sister Adela: which gréeued king Philip not a little, though he +dissembled the matter for a time, and rather alledged other causes of +displeasure, wherewith to defame king Richard to the world, as one that +sought his owne commoditie in spoiling those whom he ought rather to +haue defended. But to proceed.</p> + +<p>Whilest the English and French armies thus soiourned all the winter time +in Sicile, notwithstanding the troubles aforesaid, to the hinderance of +king Richards purposes, for the making of his prouisions readie for his +iournie, he yet caused engins to be framed, his ships to be newlie +calked, rigged and repaired of such hurts as they had receiued both in +their long voiage which they had made, and also by certeine wormes, the +which during their lieng there, had in diuerse places gnawne and eaten +them through to the great danger of their losse, and vtter decaie. +<span class="rightnote">Wreckes pardoned.</span> +Moreouer at the same time he pardoned all wrecks by sea through all his +dominions, releasing for euer all his right to the same, in such wise +that euerie person making wrecke by sea, and comming aliue to land, +should haue all his goods frée and cleare to himselfe. Furthermore he +decréed, that if he chanced to perish in the ship, then his sons and +daughters, brethren or sisters, that could prooue themselues to be next +heires to him, should haue the same goods; but if he had neither sonne +nor daughter, brother nor sister, then should the king haue those goods +by waie of his prerogatiue.</p> + +<p>This resignation made by king Richard, was confirmed by his charter +giuen at Messina in the moneth of October and second yeare of his +reigne. Also vpon a godlie +<a name="Page_219" id="Page_219" ></a><span class="pagenum">[219]</span> +repentance wherewith it did please the +mercifull God to touch his hart, he called all those prelats togither +which were then with him at Messina into the chappell of Reginald de +<span class="rightnote">K. Richards confession.</span> +Moiac, & there in presence of them all falling downe vpon his knees he +confessed the filthie life which he had in lecherous lust before that +time led, and humblie receiued penance inioined him by the same bishops, +and so became a new man, fearing God, and delighting to liue after his +lawes.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Abbat Joachim.</span> +Furthermore hearing of the great fame of abbat Joachim, he sent for him +ouer into Calabria, who came to Messina, and being asked sundrie +questions by king Richard, he made woonderfull answer thereto: as in +Houeden and other writers it may appéere, which for breefenesse I passe +ouer. About the same time he gaue vnto his nephue Otho, the sonne of his +sister Maud, sometime duchesse of Saxonie, the countie of Yorke. But +although some were contented to receiue him as their lord, and to doo +homage to him, yet other refused him, alledging that they would not +renounce their fealties due to the king, till they might sée him againe, +& talke with him face to face. Wherevpon the king changing his purpose, +gaue vnto the said Otho the countie of Poictou in steed of the said +countie of Yorke, as after shall appeere.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1191.</span> +The two kings of England and France held their Christmasse this yeare at +Messina, and still the king of England vsed great liberalitie in +bestowing his treasure freelie amongst knights and other men of warre, +<span class="rightnote">The large expenses of K. Richard.</span> +so that it was thought he spent more in a moneth than anie of his +predecessours euer spent in a whole yeare. In the moneth of Februarie he +sent his gallies to Naples, there to receiue his mother and his wife +that should be, to wit the ladie Berengaria daughter to the king of +Nauarre, and Philip earle of Flanders that came with them. But his +mother quéene Elianor and the ladie Berengaria went to Brindize in +Puglia, where they were honorablie receiued of Margaret king Tancreds +<span class="rightnote">The earle of Flanders.</span> +admirall. Moreouer the earle of Flanders comming to Naples, and finding +there the gallies of king Richard, went aboord the same, and so came to +Messina, at the first following the king of England in all things, till +the French king hauing enuie thereat, allured him awaie, and then he +hoong altogither on his sléeue. The first daie of March the king of +England departed from Messina, to go to the citie of Cathina, there to +common with king Tancred, who came thither to meet him.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">K. Richard talketh with king Tancred.</span> +Here king Richard vnderstood, that the French king had sollicited king +Tancred to set vpon the king of England and his armie, to chase them out +of his realme: and for the more easie accomplishment thereof, he had +promised him his aid, whensoeuer he would giue the aduenture. King +Tancred deliuered also to king Richard such letters as the French king +had written to him concerning this matter. Wherevpon at his returne to +Messina, king Richard shewed by his frowning countenance, that he was +nothing pleased with the French king, but sought occasions to get him +out of his companie.</p> + +<p>The French king perceiuing it, required to vnderstand the cause of this +sudden mutation: wherevpon king Richard nothing fearing his power, +declared the truth plainelie vnto him by the mouth of the earle of +Flanders: and when the other denied the practise, he for proofe of the +thing, shewed him the same letters which king Tancred had deliuered vnto +him. The French king was not a little abashed hereat, and wist not well +what to saie, nor what excuse to make, the matter was so plaine. But yet +at length he said: "Well now I perceiue the king of England seeketh to +haue some quarell whie he may refuse to marrie with my sister. For these +are but forged matters, and no truth resteth in them."</p> + +<p>When the king of England vnderstood this maner of answer, he replied in +this wise; "That as for the French kings sister, he might not marrie, +for as much as he was able to produce good witnesse to prooue that his +father had lien with hir and got a child of hir. And as for his priuie +procéeding and practise with Tancred, he néeded no further testimonie +than his owne hand and his seale, the partie himselfe being present +<a name="Page_220" id="Page_220" ></a><span class="pagenum">[220]</span> +who +receiued them, the messenger also being not far off that carried them +betwéene both the parties."</p> + +<p>When the French king was throughlie informed of the first point, through +counsell of the earle of Flanders and others, he pacified himselfe, and +was contented to release the king of England of his faith giuen by oth +for the contract made with his sister Alice: in consideration of which +releasement and deliuerance, the king of England couenanted to giue +yearelie to the French king two thousand marks of starling coine for the +terme of fiue yeares togither: and at his returne home, it was agreed, +that he shuld also deliuer vnto the French king his sister the said +ladie Alice, with the towne of Gisors, and all other things which the +French king had granted to him with his said sister. On the other part, +the French king granted, that the dutchie of Britaine should apperteine +to the dominion of the dutchie of Normandie, so as the duke of Britaine +should be accompted the liege man of the duke of Normandie, and that the +duke of Normandie should answer the French king for both the dutchies, +as well of Britaine as Normandie. These agréements were ratified and +confirmed with solemne oths receiued, and charters giuen vnder their +hands and seales, vpon the 30. of March.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The French king setteth foorth from Messina towards the holie<a name="FNanchor_6_7" id="FNanchor_6_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> +land.</span> +About this time the French king (now that the season of the yeare was +come) set forward toward the holie land, leauing king Richard behind him +in Sicile: and the two and twentith day after his setting foorth from +Messina, he arriued at the siege of Acres or Acon. The same day also +that the French king departed from Messina, queene Elianor the mother of +king Richard arriued there, bringing with hir the ladie Berengaria the +daughter of Sanctius the king of Nauarre, and the fourth day after +<span class="rightnote">Quéene Elianor returneth by Rome.</span> +quéene Elianor tooke leaue of hir sonne king Richard, and departed +homeward towards England, taking hir iournie by Rome about the businesse +of Geffrey the elect of Yorke, as to entreat the pope that he would +confirme and consecrate him archbishop, or to authorise some other to +doo it in his name. The ladie Berengaria remained behind with the kings +sister Joane quéene of Sicile.</p> + +<p>After this in the moneth of Aprill, on the Wednesday in the passion +weeke, king Richard (after he had finished and made an end of all +conclusions with king Tancred) did also set forward with his sister +Joane, who tooke with hir the ladie Berengaria daughter to the king of +Nauarre, affianced to him long before, as aboue is partlie mentioned. +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i> 130. ships and 53. galies saith +<i>Rog. Houed.</i></span> +His nauie consisted in thirteene mightie great ships with triple sailes, +an hundred carikes or rather hulkes, and fiftie gallies. He was no +sooner abroad in the maine sea, but a great tempest arose, wherewith his +whole nauie was sore tossed and turmoiled vp and downe the seas, and at +length driuen on the coast of Cypres, where séeking to take harbour, & +to come on land, the Cypriots would not suffer him, but shewed +countenance to driue him backe, and to resist his landing. Also whereas +six of his ships were so driuen by force of tempest from the residue, +that thrée of them perished, and three being cast vpon the shoare of +Cypres before the kings arriuall there, the souldiers and other people +in the same were compelled to come on land for sauing their liues, where +otherwise they stood in danger of drowning, the people of the Ile +assailing them in right cruell sort, slue diuerse, and tooke the residue +prisoners, and so deteined them for a certeine season.</p> + +<p>King Richard then vnderstanding this iniurie to him doone by the +Cypriots, & perceiuing they would resist his landing, prepared himselfe +and his people to enter vpon them by force. The king of Cypres Isakius +or Cursach (whome Houeden nameth emperour of Cypres) had assembled the +most part of all the power of men that he might make (though few of them +were armed, or had any great skill in feats of warre) and caused them to +set boords, logs of wood, benches, formes, and great chests afore them, +as a defense, and as it were in steed of a wall, that by succour thereof +they might the better kéepe off their enimie from landing.</p> + +<p>But K. Richard, so incouraged his men by his presence, & hartened them +with such +<a name="Page_221" id="Page_221" ></a><span class="pagenum">[221]</span> +comfortable words as he vttered vnto them, that rowing to the +shoare with their galies and small botes, hauing the archers afore them, +<span class="rightnote">The Englishmen take land & chase their enimies.</span> +they easilie got to land, droue their enimies backe, and so farre +pursued them (being but footmen, weatherbeaten, wearie, and weat) as +conuenientlie they might, for the shortnes of time. King Richard hauing +thus got foot on land, approched the towne of Limezun, which he with his +souldiers entred, and finding it emptie of people (which were fled +awaie) but full of riches and great plentie of victuals, as corne, wine, +oile, and flesh, he seized therevpon.</p> + +<p>The same day also the kings sisters and the ladie Berengaria with the +residue of the kings nauie entred the hauen of Limezun. In the meane +time the king of Cypres (hauing escaped from the battell) got togither +his men which were fled and dispersed sundrie waies, and incamped within +six miles of king Richard, threatning that the next day he would +eftsoones giue battell: which when king Richard vnderstood, he caused +his people to be armed the next morning long before day, and so comming +by guides vnto the place where the Cypriots with their king were lodged, +<span class="rightnote">King Richard with a camisado vanquisheth the Cypriots, & +chaseth them out of their campe. <i>Iohn Textor.</i></span> +suddenlie they assailed them yer they had anie warning of his marching +towards them, by reason whereof they were slaine like beasts in great +numbers. Howbeit, their king and a few other escaped and fled away +naked, hauing no time to put on their apparell, his treasure, horsse, +armour and standard were taken, which standard king Richard straitwaies +determined to send vnto saint Edmunds shrine, and so did.</p> + +<p>Having thus vanquished his aduersaries, he came backe to Limezun: and +the third day after, Guie king of Jerusalem and his brother Geffrey de +<span class="rightnote">The K. of Jerusalem and other noble men doo fealtie vnto king +Richard.</span> +Lucignan with the prince of Antioch Raimond and his sonne named also +Raimond earle of Tripoli, with other noble men, arriued at Limezun +aforesaid, to visit king Richard, and to offer him their seruices, and +so became his men, in swearing fealtie to him against all other persons +whatsoeuer.</p> + +<p>The same day the king of Cypres perceiuing himselfe vnable to resist the +great puissance of king Richards armie, sent ambassadours, and offered +to king Richard the summe of twentie thousand marks of gold, in +<span class="rightnote">The offers of the king of Cypres.</span> +recompense of the monie which his men that were drowned had about them, +and also to restore those to libertie which he had taken prisoners, and +to make deliuerie to their hands of all their goods. Furthermore he +offered to go with him into the holie land personallie, and to serue him +with an hundred knights 400 light horssemen, and 500 well armed footmen, +<span class="rightnote">The king of Cypres submitteth himselfe.</span> +& also to deliuer to king Richard his daughter and heire in hostage, and +to acknowledge him his souereigne lord, by swearing to him fealtie for +his kingdome, as for that which he should confesse to hold of him.</p> + +<p>King Richard accepted these offers, and so the king of Cypres came in +and sware fealtie to king Richard, in presence of the king of Jerusalem, +the prince of Antioch, and other barons, and promised vpon his oth then +receiued, not to depart till all things couenanted on his part were +performed. Then king Richard assigned tents for him and his to lodge in, +and appointed certeine knights and other men of warre to haue the +custodie of him. But the same day after dinner vpon repentance of that +which he had doone, he deceiued his keepers and stale awaie, sending +knowledge backe to the king that he would not stand to the couenants, +which were concluded vpon betwixt them.</p> + +<p>King Richard seemed to like the matter well enough, and foorthwith +deliuered a part of his armie vnto the king of Jerusalem and to the +prince of Antioch, appointing them to persue the king of Cypres by land, +whilest he with one part of his gallies and Robert de Turneham with the +other might search about the coast by sea, to prohibit his passage by +water. In euerie place where they came, such ships and gallies as they +found they seized into their hands, and no resistance was made against +them, by reason the people fled to the woods and mountains, leauing the +cities, townes and castels void in all stéeds, where the king or the +<span class="rightnote">Robert de Turneham.</span> +said sir Robert de Turneham with their vessels began to +appéere. +<a name="Page_222" id="Page_222" ></a><span class="pagenum">[222]</span> +When +they had taken their pleasure thus alongst the coasts, they returned +againe vnto Limezun. The king of Jerusalem and the other that went +foorth by land, when they could not spéed of their purpose, returned +also, in which meane time a great number of Cypriots came in, and +submitting themselues to king Richard, were receiued as his subiects.</p> + +<p>On the 12. daie of Maie, the ladie Berengaria daughter to the king of +<span class="rightnote">The king of England marieth the ladie Berengaria. She is +crowned quéene.</span> +Nauarre was maried according to a precontract vnto king Richard at +Limezun aforesaid in the Ile of Cypres, one of the kings chaplins +executing the order of the marriage. The same daie also she was crowned +by the bishop of Eureux, the archbishops of Apamea and Aux, with the +bishop of Baion ministring vnto him. After the solemnitie of this +marriage and coronation ended, king Richard set forward with his armie +into the countrie of Cypres, and first wan (by surrender) the citie of +Nichosia, and after the strong castell of Cherin, within the which was +the daughter of the king of Cypres, which ladie humblie yeelded hir +selfe vnto K. Richard, (who counting it reproach to be extreme with such +as submit themselues, and speciallie the female sex, according to the +old saieng,</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Pacere subiectis nobilis scit ira leonis)<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p class="nogap">had pitie of hir case, and sent hir to his wife the new quéene, willing +that she might be honorablie vsed. From thence passing forward, these +<span class="rightnote">Castels deliuered to the king of England.</span> +castels were deliuered into his hands, Baffes and Buffeuent, Den, Amur, +Candace, and afterwards all the other castels and cities, townes and +places of strength within that Ile one after an other. Finallie, hearing +<span class="rightnote">The king of Cyprus again submitteth himselfe to the king of +England.</span> +that the king of Cypres was inclosed in an abbie called Cap S. Andrew, +he marched thitherwards: but when the king of Cypres heard of his +approch, he came foorth and submitted himselfe wholie into his hands. +The king first appointed him to the kéeping of his chamberlaine Rafe +<span class="rightnote">Rafe Fitz Geffrey.</span> +Fitz Geffrey, and after sent him into the citie of Tripoli, there to be +kept in close prison. Who when he heard he should be committed to close +prison, and remaine in fetters, said, "that if he laie in irons, he +should shortlie end his life." Wherevnto king Richard when he heard of +it, answered: "He saith well, and therefore bicause he is a noble man, +and our mind is not to haue him dead, but onelie to be kept safe from +starting anie more awaie, and dooing new hurt, let him be chained in +giues and fetters made of siluer," and so he was.</p> + +<p>But to procéed. After the king had set the countrie of Cypres in good +staie, he deliuered the keeping thereof vnto Richard de Camuille and +<span class="rightnote">He arriued there on the saturdaie in Whitsunwéek, being the +saturdaie also next before the feast of S. Barnabie. <i>Galfridus.</i> +<i>Vinsant.</i></span> +Robert de Turneham. This doone vpon the wednesdaie in the Whitsunwéeke +he tooke the sea againe, and passed ouer to the citie of Acres, which as +then was besieged by the christian armie, as ye may read in the +description of the holie land, onelie giuing you to vnderstand, that +such was the valiancie of king Richard shewed in manfull constreining of +the citie, that his praise was greatlie bruted both amongst the +christians and also the Saracens.</p> + +<p>Howbeit the secret enimitie betwixt him and the French king eftsoones +reuiued, by occasion of such discord as chanced betwixt Guido king of +Jerusalem, and Conrade the marques of Tire, so that parties were taken, +and whereas both the Pisans and Geneuois did offer their seruice vnto +king Richard, yet bicause the Geneuois were confederat with the French +king, who tooke part with the marques, he refused them, and receiued the +<span class="rightnote">Pisans and Geneuois.</span> +Pisans, ioining himselfe with king Guido to support him against his +enimies.</p> + +<p>Here is to be remembred, that before king Richard arriued at the siege, +he incountred on the sea a mightie great ship called a Drommond, which +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matt. Paris.</i> <i>Nic. Triuet.</i> Saphaldine the brother +of Saladine.</span> +one Saphaldine the brother of Saladine a prince of the Saracens had +sent, to refresh them with vittels. This ship king Richard caused +féercelie to be assailed with his gallies, and at length bowged hir with +all the vittels and prouision within the same, as wild-fire, barels of +firie serpents, armour and weapons of sundrie sorts, besides all the +mariners and men of warre, except such as were taken to mercie and saued +aliue, being about 200 in the whole, whereas there were aboord the same +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i> <i>N. Triuet.</i></span> +ship 500 men of warre, as some write, though other haue but 800.</p> + +<p> +<a name="Page_223" id="Page_223" ></a><span class="pagenum">[223]</span> +¶ But now to other accidents that chanced this yere. On Midsummer eeue +there was such an eclipse of the sunne, the moone being the same time 27 +<span class="rightnote">An eclipse of the sunne.</span> +daies old, that for the space of thrée houres (for so long it lasted) +such darkness came ouer the face of the earth, that euen in the daie +<span class="rightnote">The seuenth houre of the daie saith <i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +time (for this eclipse began about nine of the clocke in the morning) +the stars appeared plainelie in the element.</p> + +<p>In the same moneth of June, Richard de Camuille, whome the king had left +(as ye haue heard) gouernour in Cypres, chanced to fall sicke, and +<span class="rightnote">Richard de Camuille deceasseth.</span> +comming without licence to the siege of Acres, there died. After whose +death the Cypriots and those called Griffones and Ermians reuolted from +the English obedience, and chose to them a king, one that was a moonke +of the familie of Isachus their former king: but Robert de Turneham, who +after the deceasse of Richard Camuille remained sole gouernour of the +Ile, gathered a power of men togither, and giuing battell to the new +king (whom Houeden nameth also emperour) vanquished him with his +complices, tooke him prisoner, and hanged him on a paire of galowes. The +same moneth also died Rafe Fitz Geffrey, who had the other king Isac in +custodie, and then king Richard deliuered him to the knights of the +hospitall, who sent him to the castell of Margant, there safelie to be +kept as prisoner to the vse of the king of England.</p> + +<p>Now will we returne vnto the affaires of England and make some mention +of the dooings there. Yee shall vnderstand, that after king Richard was +set forward on his iournie, William Longchampe lord chancellour and +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +bishop of Elie, appointed (as ye haue heard) gouernour of the realme, +began to exercise his authoritie to the vttermost, taking vpon him the +state of a prince, rather than of a subiect. He had of late (as before +ye haue heard) procured such fauor at the hands of pope Clement, that he +<span class="rightnote">The Lord chancellor called the popes legat in England.</span> +was instituted by him legat of the apostolike see here in England, so +that pretending a rule both ouer the clergie and temporaltie, and by +reason that he had both the authoritie of pope and king in his hands, he +vsed the same to his most aduantage, as well in causes ecclesiasticall +as temporall, whereby he wrought manie oppressions both against them of +<span class="rightnote">The statelie port of the lord chancellor. <i>Ran. Higd.</i></span> +the clergie and temporaltie. He mainteined such a port and countenance +in his dooings, that he would ride with a thousand horsses, by meanes +whereof when he came to lie at abbeis and other places (bringing with +him such a traine) he was verie burdenous vnto them, speciallie when he +laie at their houses any space of time.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">A conuocation.</span> +This man called a conuocation at Westminster, wherein at the suit of +Hugh Nouant bishop of Chester, it was decreed, that the moonks of +<span class="rightnote">Moonks of Couentrie displaced. <i>Polydor.</i> <i>Ran. Higd.</i> +<i>Wil. Paruus.</i> The occasion. <i>Ran. Higd.</i></span> +Couentrie should be displaced, and secular canons brought into that +house to supplie their roomes. Which was doone by the authoritie of the +said lord chancellour, being bribed by the foresaid bishop of Chester +(as some writers haue recorded) for displeasure which he bare to the +moonks, by reason of a fraie which they had made vpon the said bishop in +their church at Couentrie, and drawne bloud of him before the alter +there, as he alledged.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Paruus.</i></span> +But some haue written, that the bishop of Chester procured a licence of +the pope, to alter the state of that church in sort aboue mentioned, +which is most likelie, surmising against the moonks, that they were most +manifest and stubborne disturbers of that peace and quietnesse which +ought to remaine amongst churchmen: and yet he himselfe sowed the strife +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ran. Higd.</i> <i>Polydor.</i></span> +and dissention amongst them, and namelie betwéene the prior and his +couent. Moreouer, the said lord chancellour depriued such rulers of +their administrations and gouernements, as the king had appointed to +beare any high authoritie within the realme, pretending not onelie the +kings commandement, but also alleadging a reason which mooued him so to +doo, as thus, that he might thereby take awaie all occasions of grudges +from the people, which otherwise might thinke, and would not sticke to +<span class="rightnote">The L. chancellors reason.<br /> +The bishop of Durham. <br /> +The bishop of Winchester.</span> +saie, that they were oppressed by the rule of manie kings in stéed of +one king. He did also depriue Hugh the bishop of Durham of all his +honour and dignitie, and put the bishop of Winchester to great trouble. +Moreouer, doubting least the Nobles of the realme would rise against +him, and put him out of his place; he sought to kéepe them lowe, and +spoiled +<a name="Page_224" id="Page_224" ></a><span class="pagenum">[224]</span> +them of their monie and substance. Likewise pretending a colour +<span class="rightnote">The lord chancellors meaning to kéepe earle John lowe.</span> +of doubt, least earle John the kings brother should attempt any thing +against his brother the king now in his absence, he sought also to kéepe +him vnder. To be bréefe, he plaied in all points the right part of a +tyrant, and shewed himselfe such a one in all respects as mainteined his +title,</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Pal. in suo cap.</i></span> +<span class="i0">Non disceptando aut subtilibus argumentis<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Vincere, sed ferro mauult sua iura tueri,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Pontifices nunc bella iuuant, sunt cætera nuga,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Nec præcepta patrum nec Christi dogmata curant,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Iactant se dominos rerum & sibi cuncta licere.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>At length the king receiued aduertisement from his mother queene Elianor +of his demeanor, and that there was great likeliehood of some commotion +to insue, if spéedie remedie were not in time prouided. Wherevpon being +<span class="rightnote">Walter the archbishop of Rouen sent into England.</span> +then in Sicile, he sent Walter the archbishop of Rouen into England with +commission, to ioine in administration of the kingdome with his +chancellor the said bishop of Elie. But the archbishop comming into +England was so slenderlie interteined of the chancellour, and in effect +so litle regarded, that notwithstanding his commission and instructions +<span class="rightnote">He is little regarded of the lord chancellor.</span> +brought from the king, he could not be permitted to beare any rule. But +the chancellour deteining the same wholie in his hands, ordered all +things at his pleasure, without making the archbish. of Rouen, or any +other of counsel with him, except such as it pleased him to admit for +the seruing of his owne turne.</p> + +<p>¶ He certeinelie beléeued (as manie other did) that king Richard would +neuer returne with life into England againe, which caused him to attempt +so manie vnlawfull enterprises, and therefore he got into his hands all +the castels and fortresses belonging to the crowne, and furnished them +with garisons of souldiers, as he thought necessarie, depriuing such +capteins of their roomes as he suspected not to fauour his procéedings.</p> + +<p>One Gerard de Camuille had bought of the king the kéeping of the castell +of Lincolne, vnto whome also the sheriffewike of the shire was committed +for a time, but the lord chancellour, perceiuing that he bare more good +will vnto earle John the kings brother than to him (which John he most +suspected) he tooke from him the shiriffewike, & demanded also to haue +the castell of Lincolne deliuered into his hands, which Gerard refused +to deliuer, and perceiuing that the chancellor would practise to haue it +by force, he fled vnto earle John, requiring him of competent aid and +succour.</p> + +<p>The chancellor on the other part, perceiuing what hatred diuerse of the +Nobles bare him, thought good to prouide for his owne suertie the best +that he could, and therefore sent for a power of men from beyond the +sea: but bicause he thought it too long to staie till they arriued, he +<span class="rightnote">The lord chancellor besiegeth the castell of Lincolne.<br /> +Earle John winneth the castels of Notingham and Tickhill.</span> +came to Lincolne with such power as he could make, and besieged the +castell. Erle John the kings brother aduertised hereof, raised such +numbers of men as he might make of his freends, seruants and tenants, +and with small a doo wan the castels of Notingham and Tickhill within +two daies space. This doone, he sent to the lord chancellour, commanding +him either to breake vp his siege, or else to prepare for battell. The +chancellour considering with himselfe that there was small trust to be +put in diuerse of those lords that were with him, bearing good will to +<span class="rightnote">The chancellor raiseth his siege with dishonour.</span> +earle John, and but hollow harts towards him, raised his siege and +departed with dishonour.</p> + +<p>Not long after, one of his hornes was broken off by the death of pope +Clement, whereby his power legantine ceased: wherewith being somewhat +<span class="rightnote">The lord chancellor and earle John are agréed.<br /> +The chancellor breaketh the agréement.</span> +abashed, he came to a communication with earle John, and vpon certeine +conditions made peace with him. Shortlie after the souldiers which he +had sent for, arriued in England, and then he began to go from the +agréement made with earle John, affirming that he would either driue the +same earle out of England, or else should earle John doo the like to +him: for it was not of sufficient largenesse to hold them both. Howbeit, +shortlie after, a peace was eftsoones concluded betwixt them with +<span class="rightnote">The lord chancellor and earle John make another agréement.</span> +condition, that if it chanced king Richard to depart +<a name="Page_225" id="Page_225" ></a><span class="pagenum">[225]</span> +this life before +his returne into England, not leauing any issue of his bodie begotten, +that then the chancellour renouncing the ordinance made by king Richard +(who had instituted his nephue Arthur duke of Britaine to be his heire +and successour) should consent to admit earle John for king of England, +contrarie to the said ordinance.</p> + +<p>But in the meane time it was agréed, that earle John should deliuer vp +the castels of Notingham and Tickhill, Notingham to the hands of William +Marshall, and Tickhill to the hands of William Wendenall, they to kéepe +the same vnto the vse and behoofe of king Richard, that vpon his returne +he might doo with them as should please him: prouided that if it so +chanced, that he should die before he could returne from his voiage, or +that the chancellour went from the agréement now taken, then immediatlie +should the foresaid castels of Notingham and Tickhill be restored vnto +earle John.</p> + +<p>Moreouer, the other castels of such honours as were assigned to earle +John by the king his brother, were committed vnto the custodie of +certeine persons of great trust and loialtie, as the castell of +Wallingford to the archbishop of Rouen, the castell of Bristow to the +bishop of Lincolne, the castell of the Peake to the bishop of Couentrie, +the castell of Bolesofres vnto Richard de Peake (or if he refused, then +should the bishop of Couentrie haue it in kéeping) the castell Eie was +committed to Walter Fitz Robert, the castell of Herford to Roger Bigot, +and to Richard Reuell the castell of Excester and Launston. These +persons to whom these castels were thus committed to be kept, receiued +also an oth, that they should faithfullie kéepe them to the kings +behoofe, and if he chanced to die, before he should returne, then the +same should be deliuered vnto earle Johns hands. Also there were three +<span class="rightnote">Castels deliuered in trust to the keeping of certeine +persons.</span> +castels that perteined to the crowne, deliuered likewise in trust, as +the castell of Windsor vnto the earle of Arundell, the castell of +Winchester vnto Gilbert de Lacie, and the castell of Northampton vnto +Simon de Pateshull.</p> + +<p>It was also agréed, that bishops, abbats, earles, and barons, valuasors, +and freeholders should not be disseised of their lands, goods or +chattels, otherwise than by order of the iustices or officers of the +king, so that they should be iudged in the kings courts according to the +lawfull customes and ordinances of the realme, and likewise that earle +John should cause the same orders to be obserued through all his lands. +Prouided that if any man attempted to doo otherwise vpon support or +maintenance of earle John, he should stand to be reformed by the +archbishop of Rouen if he chanced then to be in England, and by the +kings iustices, and by those that had sworne to obserue this peace: and +also earle John himselfe at their request should see such reformation to +be had.</p> + +<p>Moreouer, it was agréed that all those castels that had bin built or +begun to be builded since the kings passage ouer towards his iournie, +should be razed, and no new made or fortified till his returne, except +in manours perteining to the kings demaine, if need required, or by his +speciall commandement, either by letters, or sufficient messengerrs. +That the shiriffewike of Lincolne, which the lord chancellour had +assigned vnto William de Stuteuille should be restored to Gerard de +Camuille, who had a daie appointed him to appéere in the kings court, to +heare what might be laid against him: and if such matter could be +prooued, for the which he ought to loose the said shiriffewike and the +castell of Lincolne, then he should depart from them by the iudgement of +the court, or else not. Neither should earle John mainteine him against +the iudgement of that court, nor should receiue any outlawes, or such as +were notoriouslie knowen for enimies to the king, and so named, nor +should suffer them to be receiued within the precinct of his liberties.</p> + +<p>To hold, mainteine and obserue this peace, the said earle and +chancellour sware in the hand of the archbishop of Rouen with seuen +barons on either part. On the part of earle John these were the names of +them that receiued the oth: Stephan Ridell his chancellour, William de +la Mare, Robert de la Mare, Philip de Turechester, William de Kahennes, +Gilbert Basset & William de Montacute. On the chancellours part, the +earles of Arundell and Salisburie, earle Roger Bigot, and the earle of +Clare, with Walter Fitz +<a name="Page_226" id="Page_226" ></a><span class="pagenum">[226]</span> +Robert, William de Breuse, and Roger Fitz +Ramfrey. These things were concluded in this sort, the authoritie and +commandement of the king yet in all things saued and reserued: but so, +that if before his returne he should signifie his pleasure to the +contrarie of the ordinances aboue mentioned, then should the castels of +Notingham and Tickhill be restored vnto earle John, notwithstanding what +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 3.</span> +soeuer the king should command touching the same. Thus was the peace +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. West.</i> <i>Polydor.</i></span> +concluded eftsoones betwixt earle John and the chancellour.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Geffrey the archbishop of Yorke. <i>Rog. Houed.</i></span> +In this meane while, Geffrey the elect archbishop of Yorke, after long +suit and manie delaies contriued, speciallie by the chancellour, +obteined his pall, being consecrated by the archbishop of Towrs, by +virtue of his buls obteined from pope Celestine. The chancellour +aduertised herof, and vnderstanding that he meant to come shortlie into +England to be installed, was in a great chafe, bicause that during the +time of the vacation, he had vsed the reuenues of that see at his +pleasure, and therefore now to forego them he was nothing contented. +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +Herevpon he wrote his letters vnto Matthew de Clare shiriffe of Kent in +this forme.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<h3>The lord chancellours letters to the shiriffe of Kent.</h3> + +<p>Præcipimus tibi quòd si Eboracen. Electus ad aliquem portum in balliua +tua applicuerit, aut aliquis nunciorum eius, eum retineri facias, donec +mandatum nostrum indè receperis. Et similiter præcipimus, quòd omnes +literas papæ aut magni alicuius viri quæ illic venerint, facias +retineri. The English whereof is thus.</p> + +<p>"We command you that if the elect of Yorke shall arriue at any port or +hauen within your bailiwicke, or any messenger of his, that you cause +them to be arested and kept, till you haue commandement from vs therein. +And we command you likewise, to stay, attach, and keepe all letters that +come from the pope, or any other great man."</p> + +</div> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> The death of the archbishop of Canturbury. +<i>Io. Textor.</i></span> +Likewise, whereas Baldwine archbishop of Canturburie, hauing taken his +iournie into the holie land, and arriuing there before the king, chanced +to depart this life at Tyrus, the last yeere, vpon the feast daie of S. +Edmund, the chancellour found meanes to keepe that sée also vacant, that +he might receiue the profits thereof, during the vacation, and find +meanes to be prepared to it in the end. But as touching the sée of +Yorke, although he had (as before is said) made his hand of the reuenues +belonging to the same from time to time at his pleasure, yet now after +that he heard how Geffrey had receiued the pall, he made hauocke, +wasting & spoiling all that would yeeld him anie monie, without respect +of right or wrong. Moreouer, he caused the hauens to be watched, with +commandement giuen to the townes on the sea coast, that they should not +<span class="rightnote">The archbishop arriued and is committed to ward.</span> +suffer the archbishop Geffrey to take land. At length yet he arriued at +Douer, where he was by the aforesaid Matthew de Clare first staied, and +after taken out of the abbeie by the chancellours commandement, and +committed to prison within the castell, where a Noble man that had +maried the chancellors sister was capteine.</p> + +<p>The newes of whose imprisonment was anon bruted through the realme, +wherewith the Nobles fretted, and the commons curssed: finallie all men +detested such tyrannie in the chancellour. But namelie the kings brother +earle John stormed at the matter, and with all spéed assembled an armie +out of those places where he bare rule, increasing the number with a +power of Welshmen. There came to him the bishop of Winchester, with +manie earles and barons, also the bishop of Bath and Chester, which +latelie before had béene chéefe fauourers of the chancellour in all his +dooings: but now that the world was +<a name="Page_227" id="Page_227" ></a><span class="pagenum">[227]</span> +changed, they shewed themselues the +most earnest enimies he had, as well in words as déeds.</p> + +<p>In an assemblie of all the bishops of England, all those were +excommunicate in solemne wise, with candels light, and other such +ceremonies, which had either giuen commandement, or were present as +partakers, to pull out of the church the archbishop of Yorke, or his +people by violence, and had imprisoned them in maner (as before yée haue +heard:) but this was after the archbishop was set at libertie, as shuld +appeare by Matthew Paris, for the chancellour repenting himselfe (though +now too late) of his cruell dealing against the archbishop of Yorke, +wherewith he had kindled such a brand against him, commanded the said +archbishop (namelie at the instant sute of the bishop of London, or +rather at the commandement of earle John, as Houeden saith) to be set at +libertie. But the displeasure once kindled in the hearts of the Nobles, +could not so easilie<a name="FNanchor_6_8" id="FNanchor_6_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> be quenched with his deliuerie, as it was spéedilie +set on fire by his imprisonment, so that they being now in armour, +purposed to abate the pride of the chancellour, and to deliuer the +<span class="rightnote"><i>R. Houed.</i> The chancellour summoned to appeare.</span> +common-wealth, of such an vglie tyrant. And to begin, they summoned, and +assigned him a peremptorie day to appeare at Reading, to make answer +vnto such iniuaries as he had doone against the archbishop of Yorke, and +the bishop of Durham, sithens the departure of his souereigne lord the +king.</p> + +<p>At which day there came to Reading earle John, and the archbishop of +Rouen, with manie other bishops, earles, and barons, abiding there all +that day, to sée if the chancellour would appeare or no; but he came +not: wherevpon they prepared to march foorth towards London, and +therewithall set forward in like maner. He on the other side being a man +of a great courage, had gathered an armie of such strangers and other +his fréends as he could make, and therewith went foorth, and encamped +néere to Windsor, there to abide his aduersaries, and to giue them +battell, if they came forward and would abide it. But when they +approched, and he perceiued also how diuerse of his freends shranke from +him, and went to his enimies, he durst not attempt the hazard of a +<span class="rightnote">The chauncellour retireth to London.</span> +field, but fled backe to London, and there withdrew into the tower, with +all his host, bicause he durst not commit himselfe to the doubtfull +fellowship of the citizens. Through his great pride and statelie port +which he mainteined, as partlie yée haue heard, he had procured to +himselfe no small hatred amongst all degrees of men, and namelie such as +by the kings appointment ought to haue beene parteners with him in +gouernement of the realme sore repined at his presumptuous proceedings, +for that he disdained (as it séemed) to vse their aduise, or to ioine +them with him in the administration of things, so that now in time of +his trouble he wist not in whome he might put his trust.</p> + +<p>After he was thus retired into the tower of London, earle John, the +archbishop of Rouen, and the other bishops, earles, and barons +associated togither against him, followed him at the héeles, entered the +citie, and besieged the tower on ech side. On the morrow after, being +the fourth day after the octaues of saint Michaell, they came togither +into Paules church-yard, where they publikelie declared the iniurious +<span class="rightnote">A declaration made against the lord chancellour.</span> +wrongs doone and practised by the chancellour; namelie against the +archbishop of Yorke, and the bishop of Durham. Those also that had béene +appointed as associats with him, accused him, in that he had taken vpon +him to rule and gouerne all things after his owne will, not vouchsafing +to haue their aduise or councell in such sort as had béene conuenient.</p> + +<p>The archbishop of Rouen and William Marshall earle of Pembroke shewed +there before all the people the kings letters which he had sent from +<span class="rightnote">The tenor of this letter shall héereafter appeare.</span> +Messina, appointing that they should be associats with him in gouernment +of the kingdome; and that without the counsell and aduice of them and +others assigned thereto, he should not meddle with the rule of the land, +and that if he should doo any thing to the hinderance of the +common-wealth, or séeke to meddle with the affaires of the realme, +without their good aduise, that then he should be deposed. Héerevpon it +seemed good to earle John, and to all the bishops, earles and barons of +the realme, and to the citizens of London, there assembled, that the +<a name="Page_228" id="Page_228" ></a><span class="pagenum">[228]</span> +said chancellour should be deposed, and so they proceeded, and deposed +him in déed, appointing the archbishop of Rouen in his place, who would +not take vpon him to doo anie thing touching the rule of the land, +without consent of his associats assigned to him, and the barons or the +eschecker.</p> + +<p>The same day, earle John, and the archbishop of Rouen, and other of the +<span class="rightnote">The citizens of London.</span> +kings iustices, granted to the citizens of London the priuilege of their +communaltie; and the said earle and archbishop, and in maner all the +bishops, erls and barons of the realme sware to mainteine the said +priuilege firme and stable, so long as should please their souereigne +lord. And the citizens of London sware to be true, and to doo their +faithfull seruice vnto king Richard and his heirs, and if he chanced to +die without issue, then to receiue earle John the brother of king +Richard for their king and souereigne lord, and therevpon sware fealtie +to him against all men, sauing that which they owed vnto his brother +king Richard.</p> + +<p>The chancellour perceiuing the multitude to be such which he had with +him in the tower, as the place was not able to hold them any long time, +<span class="rightnote">The chancellour yéeldeth vp the tower.</span> +after he had remained within it one night, he came foorth vnto earle +John, and to the other that were thus entred the citie, and now readie +to besiege him, of whome he got licence for them that were inclosed +within the tower, to depart without damage, and therewith deliuered vp +the tower into the hands of the archbishop of Rouen, with the castell of +Windsor, and certeine other castels, which he held within the realme, +but not all: notwithstanding he couenanted to make deliuerie of the +residue, which yet remained in the hands of them whome he had appointed +to the kéeping of the same. And for assurance of that couenant to be +performed before he departed the realme, he deliuered his brethren, and +one that was his chamberleine, to remaine with the lords as hostages.</p> + +<p>This doone, he hasted to Canturburie, where he promised to receiue the +crosse of a pilgrime to go into the holie land, and to render vp the +crosse of his legatship, which he had vsurped a yeare and a halfe after +the death of pope Clement, to the preiudice of the church of Rome, and +to the detriment and great hinderance of the English church. For there +was not any church within the realme, which had not béene put to fine +<span class="rightnote">The print of the legats crosse.</span> +and ransome by that crosse, nor any ecclesiasticall person went frée, +but the print of the crosse appeared in him and his purse. From +Canturburie he got him to Douer to his brother in law, and finallie +séeking means to passe ouer into France, and doubting to be discouered, +he apparelled himselfe in womans raiment, & got a web of cloth on his +<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Elie late lord chancellor disguiseth himselfe +in womans apparell.<br /> +He is bewraied.</span> +arme, as though he had beene some housewifelie woman of the countrie: +but by the vntowardlie folding and vncunning handling of his cloth (or +rather by a lewd fisherman that tooke him for an harlot) he was +suspected and searched so narrowlie, that by his priuie members he was +prooued to be a man, and at length knowne, attached, and committed to +prison, after he had beene reprochfullie handled by them that found him, +and by the wiues of the towne, in such vnséemlie apparell.</p> + +<p>Earle John would haue had him punished, and put to some open reproofe +for his passed tyrannicall dooings; but the bishops, and other of the +<span class="rightnote">Earle John not y<sup>e</sup> bishops fréend.</span> +barons, for reuerence of his order, procured his deliuerance, with +licence to passe ouer into Normandie where he was borne. Thus was the +bishop of Elie a man full of pride and couetousnesse ouerthrowne with +shame, and receiued for his hie climing a reprochfull downefall: for +none are more subiect to ruine and rebuke, than such as be aloft and +supereminent ouer others, as the poet noteth well saieng:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ouid. lib. 1. de. rem. am.</i></span> +<span class="i0">Summa petit liuor, perflant altissima venti,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Summa petunt dextra fulmina missa Iouis.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +In time he was deposed from his office of being chancellour, and not +without warrant, for in verie déed, king Richard hauing receiued +aduertisements from the lords and peeres of the realme, of the +chancellours presumptuous and hautie demeanour, with wrongs offered to +diuerse persons, wrote to them againe as followeth.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229" ></a><span class="pagenum">[229]</span></p> +<h3>A letter of king Richard directed to the States of the land for the +deposing of the bishop of Elie from his office of lord chancellour.</h3> + +<p>Richard king of England sendeth greeting to William Marshall, to Gilbert +Fitz Peter, and Henrie Berdulfe, and to William Brewer, peeres. If it so +chance that our chancellour hath not faithfullie handled the affaires +and businesse of our realme (committed vnto him) by the aduise and +counsell of you, and others to whome we haue also assigned the charge of +gouernement of the same realme: we command you, that according to your +disposition in all things to be doone concerning the gouernement +thereof, you order and dispose as well for eschetes, as all other +things, &c.</p> + +</div> + +<p>By force of this commission, the lords were the bolder to procéed +against him as ye haue heard. Now after his comming into the parties +<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Elie complaineth of his wrongs receiued.</span> +beyond the seas, he ceassed not with letters and messengers to present +his complaint to the pope of Rome, and to king Richard of the iniuries +receiued at the hands of earle John and his complices. Herevpon pope +Celestine wrote in déed to all the archbishops and bishops that were +<span class="rightnote">The popes letters vnto the archbishope and bishops of +England.</span> +within the realme of England, in behalfe of the said bishop of Elie, +declaring, that for so much as the king of England was gone into the +holie land to warre against the enimies of our faith, leauing his +kingdome vnder the protection of the apostolike see, he could not but +haue speciall regard to see that the state, rights and honour thereof +were preserued from all danger of decaie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Note how the pope defendeth his chaplins.</span> +Wherefore, vnderstanding that there had beene certeine attempts made by +John erle of Mortaigne and others, both against the king and the bishop +of Elie, that was not onelie legat of the apostolike sée, but also +gouernour of the land appointed by the king, which attempt sounded +greatlie to the reproch of the church of Rome, and danger of damage to +insue to king Richard, if remedie were not the sooner found: therefore +he commanded them by the vertue of their obedience, to excōmunicat +the earle of Mortaigne, or any other that was knowne to haue laid any +violent hands vpon the said bishop of Elie, or deteined him as captiue, +or inforced him to any oth, or else had changed the state of rule in the +kingdome of England to other forme, than king Richard had ordeined at +his setting forward towards the holie land: and that not onelie all the +councellours, authors, aiders and complices of those that had committed +such outrage, but also their lands should stand interdicted, so that no +diuine seruice should be vsed within the precinct of the same, except +penance and christning of infants. This to remaine till the said bishop +& kingdome were restored into the former estate: and that the parties +excommunicated should present themselues with letters from the bishops +vnto the apostolike see to be absolued, etc.</p> + +<p>Herevpon also the bishop of Elie himselfe wrote vnto the bishop of +Lincolne and other, touching this matter: but the bishops did neither +any thing in accomplishment of the effect of the popes letters, nor at +his owne supplication. And therefore perceiuing small helpe to come that +waie, he sought to obteine the fauour and fréendship of earle John, and +of his mother quéene Elianor. In the meane time, the lords, barons and +prelates of the realme, after they had depriued him of all authoritie, +and banished him out of the land, ordeined the archbishop of Rouen in +<span class="rightnote">The archbishop of Rouen chéefe gouernour of England.</span> +fauour of the kings commission, to haue the chéefe rule and +administration of things touching all the affaires of the common-wealth; +but yet so as earle John had the dooings in manie points, so that he +might séeme in manner an associat with him, whereof sprang much +inconuenience. For this +<a name="Page_230" id="Page_230" ></a><span class="pagenum">[230]</span> +John being a man (as he is noted by some +writers) of an ambitious nature, was suspected to aspire vnto the +kingdome: in somuch that he had ioined with the French king, after the +same king was returned foorth of the holie land, against his brother +king Richard, if his mother quéene Elianor had not persuaded him to the +contrarie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>R. Houed.</i> <i>Wil. Paruus.</i> Fiftene saith <i>Functius</i>, but +others agrée with <i>Houed.</i> as <i>Gerardus Mercator</i> citing <i>Albericus</i> a +moonke.</span> +Whilest these things were a dooing, on the twelfth daie of Julie, the +citie of Acres was surrendred into the Christian mens hands, for the +Soldan Saladine (being approched néere to the siege of the christians +with a puissant armie, in hope to haue raised their siege) when he +perceiued it laie not in his power to worke any feat to the succour of +his people within the citie, and that they were so constreined that they +must néeds yéeld, he holpe to make their composition, and promised to +performe certeine couenants on their behalfe. Herevpon, the Saracens +within Acres couenanted not onelie to deliuer the citie vnto the +christians with fiue hundred prisoners of christians which they had +within the same, but also to procure that the holie crosse should be to +them deliuered, with a thousand other christian prisoners, such as the +christian princes should appoint out of those numbers which Saladine had +in his custodie, and further, to giue them two hundred thousand Besans. +And till these couenants were performed, it was agréed, that the +Saracens, which were at that present left within the citie, should +remaine as pledges, vnder condition, that if the same couenants were not +performed within fortie daies, then should they stand at the mercie of +the christian princes as touching life and lim.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The citie of Acres.</span> +These things thus concluded, and the citie yéelded vp into the christian +mens hands, the French king vpon enuie and malice conceiued against king +Richard (although he pretended sicknesse for excuse) departed homewards, +<span class="rightnote">The French K. returneth home.</span> +setting from Acres the last day of Julie. Now then, after the departure +of king Philip, when the day approched, in the which the Saracens should +performe the couenants; or else stand to the iudgement of life and death +at the pleasure of the christian princes: it was perceiued that the +couenants would not be fulfilled according to the agréement. For +Saladine, as it well appeared, ment not to performe that which for the +safegard of his men he had vndertaken, and did but dallie with the +christians to prolong the time: wherevpon sentence was giuen foorth, +that for default in such behalfe, the Saracens remaining as pledges +should loose their heads.</p> + +<p>Saladine hauing knowledge thereof, sent word to king Richard and to the +whole christian armie, that if his people that were in the christian +mens hands lost their heads, he would not faile but cause the heads of +all those christians which he had in captiuitie to be cut off also. +Notwithstanding which answer, on the fourteenth day of August king +Richard issued foorth of the citie, passing the vttermost ditches, and +incamped himselfe neere the armie of Saladine, who the same daie sent +rich presents vnto king Richard, requiring of him a longer day for +performance of the couenants, but that would not be granted. Wherefore +<span class="rightnote">Saladine causeth the christian prisoners to be beheaded.</span> +vpon the said deniall, Saladine caused all those christian prisoners +which he had in his hands to be beheaded on the eightéenth day of +August, on which day king Richard aduanced foorth towards the lodgings +of the Saracens, and skirmished with them verie hotlie, so that manie +were wounded and slaine on both parts: and amongst other one of king +Richards companions at all exercises named Peter Mignot lost his life +there. Furthermore, although king Richard knew that Saladine had put the +christian prisoners to death in such wise as you haue heard, yet would +not he preuent his terme appointed for the execution of the Saracens +that were in his custodie, but abiding vnto the twentith day of August, +he then caused those Saracens which fell to his lot, at the time of the +surrender of Acres, being in number about 2600. to be brought foorth of +the citie, and néere to the walles in the sight of Saladine and all his +host they had their heads chopped off. The duke of Burgoigne caused +execution to be doone within the citie vpon those which fell to the +French kings share, the number of the which rose to two thousand and +foure hundred, or thereabouts: for the whole number was reckoned to be +about fiue thousand that thus lost their liues through the inconstancie +of their prince: yet diuerse of +<a name="Page_231" id="Page_231" ></a><span class="pagenum">[231]</span> +the principall had their liues saued. +The Saracens themselues also spake much euill of Saladine for this +<span class="rightnote"><i>R. Houed.</i></span> +matter, bicause that refusing to performe the articles of couenants, he +had occasioned the enimie to slea those that had so valiantlie serued in +defense of the citie, to the vttermost ieopardie of their liues. And +heere is verified that knowne verse,</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Quicquid delirant reges plectuntur Achiui.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ger. Dor.</i></span> +But now to leaue forren matters, and to returne home into England: we +find, that on the second of December, the monks of Canturburie chose to +their archbishop Reignold bishop of Bath, who within fifteene daies +after his election, departed this life, and lieth buried at Bath. Also +this yeare, or (as Ger. Dor. saith) in the yeare following, the bishop +<span class="rightnote">Strife betwixt y<sup>e</sup> archbishop of York and the bishop of +Durham.</span> +of Durham sought meanes to withdraw his subiection from the archbishop +of Yorke, for which attempt the archbishop of Yorke, vpon trust of the +popes grant, did not excommunicate the said bishop, notwithstanding that +he appealed to the popes consistorie three seuerall times, putting his +owne matter and his churches to be examined and tried by the pope, where +vpon he obeied not the excommunication: and signifieng the cause vnto +Rome, obteined such fauour, that the pope and his cardinals reuersed the +sentence, and iudged the excommunication to be of none effect. And +further they decreed, that if the archbishop of Yorke had broken the +altars and chalices, as information was giuen, in which the bishop of +Durham had celebrated after his appeale made to the court of Rome, that +then should the said bishop of Durham be acquited from owing any +subiection to the said archbishop for so long as they two should liue +togither.</p> + +<p>True it is, that the archbishop had not onelie broken the altars and +chalices which the bishop had vsed in déed for the celebration of masse, +but also held his owne brother John earle of Mortaigne for +excommunicate, bicause he had eat and dronke in companie of the said +bishop, and would not communicate with him, till he came to receiue +absolution, and to make satisfaction for his fault. In the end the +bishops of Lincolne and Rochester, with the abbat of Peterburrow, were +appointed by the pope to haue the hearing of this matter, as iudges +authorised by his buls, who sat therevpon at Northampton, vpon S. Calixt +his day, where after they had heard both parties argue what they could +in either of their cases, they gaue a longer day, to wit, vntill the +feast of the natiuitie of saint John Baptist next after, to see if by +anie good means there might some agréement haue beene had betwixt them, +or (if that could not be) that then the popes leters should stand in +force as before, & the helpes of either part saued, as though no delaie +had béene vsed. And to this, both parties were agreeable, speciallie at +the motion of the bishop of Lincolne.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Roger Lacie conestable of Chester.</span> +This yeare also, Roger de Lacie conestable of Chester tooke Alan de Lec +and Peter de Bouencort, and vpon despite hanged them, for that being put +in trust amongst other with the kéeping of the castels of Notingham and +Tickhill, which he had receiued into his custodie of the bishop of Elie +quondam lord chancellour, they had consented to the treason of Robert de +Crokeston, & Eudo de Duuille, which deliuered the same castels vnto John +earle of Mortaigne. The same earle of Mortaigne was highlie offended for +the death of those two persons, and therefore wasted the lands of the +said Roger which lay within the compasse of his iurisdiction.</p> + +<p>But now touching the departure of the French king from Acres, diuerse +occasions are remembred by writers of the emulation and secret spite +which he should beare towards king Richard, and beside other alreadie +touched, one was for enterteining and reléeuing the earle of Champaigne +in such bountifull wise in his necessitie, that he was readie to forsake +the French kings seruice, and cleaue to king Richard. But howsoeuer it +came to passe, partlie through enuie (as hath béene thought) conceiued +at the great déeds of king Richard, whose mightie power and valiantnesse +he could not well abide, and partlie for other respects him moouing, he +tooke the sea with thrée gallies of the Geneuois, and returned into +Italie, and so home into France, hauing promised first vnto king Richard +at his departure out of the holie land, and after to pope Celestine at +Rome, that he would +<a name="Page_232" id="Page_232" ></a><span class="pagenum">[232]</span> +not attempt any hurtfull enterprise against the +English dominions, till king Richard should be returned foorth of the +<span class="rightnote">The euill dealling & breach of promise of the French king.</span> +holie land. But this promise was not kept, for after that he was +returned into France, he first sought to procure the foresaid erle John, +king Richards brother, to rebell against him, promising him not onelie +aid to reduce all his brothers dominions into his hands, but also to +giue his sister Adela in marriage, whom king Richard vpon suspicion of +vnchast liuing, had forsaken, as before ye haue heard. But when earle +John was dissuaded by his mother, from accepting this offer (which +otherwise as it is said he would willinglie haue receiued) king Philip +still reteined a malicious rancor in his hart, and in reuenge of old +displeasures, would haue attempted the warre against the subiects of +king Richard, if his lords would haue ioined with him: but they +considering what slander would redound hereby both to him and them for +the iniurie doone to the christian common-welth, in making warre against +him that was occupied in defense of the faith against the common enimies +of christendome, would not giue their consent thereto, and so the matter +rested, till king Richard was taken prisoner in Almaigne, and then what +followed, it shall after appeare.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Paruus.</i> Enuious discord among the christians.</span> +In the meane while, the christian armie atchiued some worthie +enterprises in the holie land, though not manie, by reason of such +enuious discord as reigned amongst the chéefe gouernours. It chanced yet +on the éeue of the Natiuitie of our ladie next after the departure of +king Philip, as king Richard marched foorth towards Japh ancientlie +called Joppa, that the Soldan Saladine taking aduantage of the place, +<span class="rightnote">K. Richard discomfiteth the Saracens néere to Port Japh.</span> +did set vpon the rereward of the christians: but his Saracens (after +they had fought right fiercelie from noone till sunne setting) were so +beaten backe at length, and repelled with such losse and disaduantage, +that in 40. yeares before they had not susteined at one time greater +damage. Amongst other of the christians slaine at that encounter, was +one James Dauenes, a man of high prowesse and valiancie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog. Houed.</i></span> +Moreouer, king Richard wan diuerse townes and castels out of the enimies +hands, as Ascalon, Darus, and diuerse other, and some he fortified, as +Ascalon aforesaid, and Port Japh, otherwise called Joppa. There were +sundrie encounters also betwixt the Saracens and christians, wherein +king Richard and his people bare themselues so manfullie, that the +victorie for the most part continuallie rested on their side. At one +<span class="yearnote">1192.</span> +time also, hearing of a great conueie of vittels, munitions, and other +things which came from Babylon towards Jerusalem to furnish Saladine and +his armie (which conueies they call carauannes) king Richard with a +competent power of men met them on the waie, and distressed those that +were attendant vpon the safegard of that carriage, being in number about +two thousand horssemen, besides a great multitude of footmen, and +therewith tooke the carriages with foure thousand and six hundred camels +and dromedaries, besides an innumerable sort of mules, asses, and other +beasts of burthen.</p> + +<p>¶ But to speake of all the worthie exploits atchiued by king Richard and +his valiant capteins there in the holie land against the infidels, it +would require a long treatise, and therefore here we passe them ouer. +This is to be noted, that amongst other of whom we find honorable +mention made by writers for their high valiancie shewed in those +<span class="rightnote">The names of such noble men as were famous for their valiant +dooings in this voiage.</span> +exploits, these are named as cheefe, Robert earle of Leicester, Hubert +bishop of Salisburie, with the earles of S. Paule and Dreux, beside +diuerse other, as Hugh de Gourney, William de Borrez, Walcline de +Ferrers, Roger de Toonie, James de Auenes, the bishop of Beauuois, +William de Barres, William de Tarland, Drogo de Merlo, Robert de Nealle, +Henrie Fitz Nicholas, Robert de Newburg, Rafe de S. Marie, Arnold de +Bois, Henrie de Mailoc, William & Saule de Bruil, Andrew de Chauignie, +Henrie de Graie, Peter de Pratellis, Stephan de Turneham, Baldwin +Carron, Clarenbald de Mount Chablon, Manser de Lisle, Richard de Orques +and Theodorike Philip, Ferrike de Vienne, Gilbert Malemaine, Alexander +d'Arsie, Stephan de Longchamp, Seguin de Barret, Roger de Glanuille, +Raimond Fitz Prince, Bartholomew de Mortimer, Gerard Furniuall, Rafe de +<span class="rightnote">De Poole aliàs de Stagno.</span> +Malleon, Roger de Sacie, William de Poole, Hugh de Neuill, Henrie Teutch +or (if ye will) Teutonicus +<a name="Page_233" id="Page_233" ></a><span class="pagenum">[233]</span> +the kings standardbearer, with diuerse +others, as well Englishmen, Frenchmen, Normans, Poictouins, Aniouines, +Britans, Gascoignes, as other nations, of whome partlie mention is +alreadie made before in this booke, and partlie for breefenesse diuerse +are omitted.</p> + +<p>But now to returne, sure it is, that king Richard meant to haue +recouered the citie of Jerusalem, and all the holie land out of the +Saracens hands, by the assistance of almightie God: if the doubt which +he had of his brother the earle of Mortaigns practises, & the French +kings doings, which were brought to him with a greeuous report, had not +<span class="rightnote"><i>Galf. Vinsaf.</i></span> +reuoked him home. For diuerse messengers were sent dailie into the holie +land, to aduertise him of such dangers as were like to insue, if by his +speedie returne the same were not preuented. And first after Easter, +there came to him the prior of Hereford with letters from the bishop of +Elie, conteining a sore information against his brother earle John, for +hauing expelled those whom he had appointed rulers ouer the realme of +England, and altered the state of things there contrarie to the +ordinances by him deuised afore his setting forward vpon his iournie (as +before ye haue partlie heard.)</p> + +<p>Vpon receipt of which letters, he meant immediatlie at the first to haue +returned, and to haue left behind him a conuenient power of men, to wit, +thrée hundred knights or men of armes, and two thousand chosen footmen, +to abide vpon the defense of the holie land, with other christians at +his costs and charges. But yet at length he was persuaded to tarrie, +speciallie till things were set in some better staie, which were out of +<span class="rightnote">The marques of Montferrato murthered by the Assassini.</span> +order by the death of the marques of Montferrato, lord of Tire, whom two +traitorous Saracens of the kind which they name Assassini had murthered. +After whose death Henrie earle of Champaigne nephue to king Richard +married his wife, and was made king of Jerusalem, Guido resigning to him +his title, vnto whome as it were in recompense king Richard gaue the Ile +of Cypres: although some write, that the knights Templers had bought it +of him before. Thus king Richard remaining still in the holie land, +shortlie after Whitsuntide, there came an other messenger to him, one +John de Alanzon a clearke, bringing worsse newes out of England than the +prior of Hereford had brought before, which in effect conteined, that +<span class="rightnote">Earle John purposed to seize vpon the kingdom in his brothers +absence.</span> +his brother earle John was alied as a confederat with the French king, +and meant through his setting on, to seize into his possession the whole +realme of England, notwithstanding the persuasion of his mother quéene +Elianor and other his fréends to the contrarie.</p> + +<p>Herevpon king Richard was fullie persuaded to returne home, but yet +<span class="rightnote">William de Poicters K. Richards chapleine.</span> +through the admonition of certeine persons, and namelie of one William +de Poicters, a chapleine of his, he eftsoones altered his purpose, and +so remained there, till at length through enuie and malice still +increasing amongst the Christians, he perceiued how no good purpose go +forward, since that which séemed good to some, was misliked of other; +and speciallie our writers put great blame in the French men, who either +vpon disdaine or other displeasure would not be persuaded to follow +their aduise, which were knowne best to vnderstand the state of things +in those parties. And herevpon, when the armie was aduanced to +Betenoble, a place not past foure leagues distant from Jerusalem, +bicause their mind might not be fulfilled for the besieging of +Jerusalem, which they had intended to take in hand (whereas the residue +would rather that they shuld haue gone to besiege Babylon in Aegypt, and +that vpon sundrie great respects) the Frenchmen raised their field, and +returned againe to Acres in great despite, putting the rest of the armie +also (so much as in them laie) in danger of vtter ruine and distresse.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 4.</span> +Then king Richard and the other Christian capteins perceiuing how the +matter inclined, and giuing ouer all hope of any more good successe, +followed them. So that after they were thus returned to Acres, king +Richard still doubting least his long absence from home might put him in +danger of more losse here, than he saw hope of present gaine to be had +there, in such diuersitie of humours and priuie malice which reigned +among them, he determined fullie to depart homewards, with no lesse +purpose to returne thither againe after he had setled things at home in +such sure stay as was expedient for the suertie of +<a name="Page_234" id="Page_234" ></a><span class="pagenum">[234]</span> +his owne estate and +quietnesse of his people. Herevpon being readie to enter into his ships +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Paruus.</i></span> +at Acres [or as some haue, being on his iournie homewards in Cypres] he +was aduertised that the Souldane Saladine had taken the town of Japh, +slaine a great number of the christians within it, and besieged the +residue within the castell, the which (constreined through feare) had +compounded to yéeld, if within thrée daies there came no succour.</p> + +<p>King Richard being hereof aduertised, and turning gréef into valiancie, +with all spéed sailed backe vnto Japh, and landing there with his +people, caused his enimies to forsake the towne: but anon assembling +themselues againe togither, they turned once more to besiege it, +wherevpon he issued foorth into the fields, and fought with them sundrie +<span class="rightnote">K. Richard rescueth Port Japh.</span> +daies togither, till finallie they were content to forsake their +enterprise, and to depart thence for altogither. In these conflicts the +valiant courage of King Richard, and the worthie manhood of his +souldiers right well appeared: <span class="rightnote"><i>Rad. Niger.</i> <i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +for he brought not with him at that time +vnto Japh aboue 80 men of armes, and foure hundred other souldiers with +crossebowes, and yet with that small handfull of men, and some aid of +them that he found there in the castell, he did not onelie bid battell +to the enimies, which were numbered to 62 thousand, but also put them to +the woorsse, and caused them to flee backe, to their great shame and +confusion.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Cephas. K. Richard fell sicke.</span> +Thus Japh being deliuered out of the enimies hands, king Richard fell +sicke at a castell called Cephas, and so remained there certeine daies, +till he had recouered his health. In which meane time the Soldane +Saladine seeming to lament his case, sent vnto him certeine of his +councellors to common with him of peace, declaring that although he well +vnderstood that king Richard ment shortlie to returne into his countrie, +and that after his departure out of the east parts, he could with small +adoo recouer all that the christians yet held within the holie land, he +would neuerthelesse in respect of king Richards high prowes, and noble +valliancie, grant a peace for a certeine time, so that not onelie +Ascalon, but also all other such townes and places as the christians had +fortified or woone since the conquest of Acres should be raced, as +touching their walles, bulworks, gates, and other fortifications.</p> + +<p>King Richard (though he perceiued that this offer of peace tended vnto +this point cheefelie, that Saladine would thereby adnihilate whatsoeuer +the christian armie had doone in the holie land since his & the French +kings arriuall, so that by the said peace he should gaine more than by +the edge of his sword) did somewhat staie at this offer and demand, as a +thing greatlie dishonourable to the christians, to lose by treatie of +peace so much or rather more than they got by force of warres (a meere +token of faint and féeble courage) yet considering that in such +necessitie both of his departure from thence, and also of lacke of other +succors to resist the puissance of the enimies, after his comming awaie, +he iudged it best to take the offer at the enimies hands in auoiding of +<span class="rightnote">A peace concluded betwixt the Christians & Saracens.</span> +some greater euill. Herevpon therefore was a peace concluded to endure +for thrée yeares, thrée moneths, thrée wéeks, thrée daies, and three +houres, to begin at Easter next insuing. And among other articles, it +was couenanted, that the christians should haue frée passage to come and +go vnto the citie of Jerusalem, to visit the holie sepulchre there, +which was granted; so that amongst a great number of christians that +<span class="rightnote">Hubert bishop of Salisburie.</span> +presentlie vpon this conclusion went thither, Hubert bishop of +Salisburie was one, who had continued about the king during the time of +all his iournie till this time.</p> + +<p>King Richard hauing thus concluded with Saladine, tooke the sea, and +comming againe into Cypres, sent his wife queene Berengaria with his +sister Joane (late quéene of Sicile) into England by the long seas, but +<span class="rightnote">K. Richard taketh his iornie homewards.</span> +he himselfe not minding to lie long on the seas, determined to take his +course into Grecia, and so by land to passe homewards with all speed +possible. Howbeit yer he could atteine his purpose, his chance was to be +driuen by tempest into the coast of Istria, not farre from Aquilia, +where he stood in some doubt of his life. For if he had beene knowne and +taken, they would surelie haue killed him, +<a name="Page_235" id="Page_235" ></a><span class="pagenum">[235]</span> +bicause of the slander that +<span class="rightnote">K. Richard slandered for the death of y<sup>e</sup> marques of +Montferrato.</span> +went of him, as guiltie of the death of Conrade the marquesse of +Montferrato, who indéed was slaine by two of the Assassini in the citie +of Tyrus, whilest king Richard was in the holie land (as before yée haue +heard.)</p> + +<p>He therefore hauing here made shipwracke, and doubting to fall into the +hands of any person in those parts that bare good will vnto the +marquesse (against whome he had indeed shewed himselfe not fréendlie in +a quarrell betwixt the said marquesse and Guido king of Jerusalem) made +the best shift he could to get away, yet knowledge being had of him, and +<span class="rightnote"><i>W. Paruus.</i> Erle of Gorze Saltzburge.</span> +serch made after him by one Meinard of Gorezein, he lost eight of his +seruants, and so came to a towne within the bishoprike of Saltzburge +called Frisake, where he was eftsoones in danger to haue beene taken +againe by one Frederike de saint Soome, who notwithstanding tooke six of +his men, but yet he himselfe with three other of his companie made shift +<span class="rightnote">K. Richard commeth to Vienna.</span> +to get away. Finallie comming to Vienna in Austrich, and there causing +his seruants to prouide meat for him, more sumptuous and fine than was +thought requisit for so meane a person as he counterfeited then to beare +out in countenance, it was streightwaies suspected that he was some +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +other maner of man than he pretended, and in fine, those that marked +more diligentlie the maner of him, perceiued what he was, and gaue +knowledge to the duke of Austrich named Leopold, being then in the citie +of Vienna, what they had seene. His page that had the Dutch toong, going +about the towne to change gold, and buy vittels, bewraied him, hauing by +chance the kings gloues vnder his girdle: wherevpon comming to be +examined for feare of tortures confessed the truth.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ra. Niger.</i></span> +The duke streightwaies caused the house where he was lodged, to be set +about with armed men, and sent other into the house to apprehend him. He +being warie that he was descried, got him to his weapon: but they +aduising him to be contented, and alledging the dukes commandement, he +boldlie answered, "that sith he must be taken, he being a king, would +yéeld himselfe to none of the companie but to the duke alone, and +therefore if it would please him to come, he would yéeld himselfe into +<span class="rightnote">K. Richard submitteth himselfe to the duke of Austrich.</span> +his hands." The duke hearing of this, spéedilie came vnto him, whom he +meeting, deliuered vp his sword, and committed him vnto his custodie. +The duke reioising of such a preie, brought him vnto his palace, and +with gentle words enterteined him, though he meant no great good towards +him, as well inough appeared in that he committed him to the keeping of +certeine gentlemen, which without much courtesie looked streightlie +inough to him for starting awaie, in somuch that they kept him in cold +irons (as some authours doo write.) He was taken after the maner +<span class="rightnote"><i>N. Triuet.</i></span> +aforesaid in December vpon S. Thomas éeue, in the yéere of our Lord +1192. and in the fourth yeare of his reigne.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polychron.</i></span> +The duke of Austrich owght the king no good will, bicause he had cast +downe his ensignes pitcht vp in a turret at Acres, which he had woone at +the verie time when that citie was deliuered by the Saracens: for while +they were in tretie on the one side, the duke on the other, not knowing +<span class="rightnote">The cause of the displeasure betwixt the duke of Austrich & +king Richard.</span> +anie thing thereof, gaue the assault vnto that part of the towne which +was appointed vnto him to besiege. And so being entred the towne, and +perceiuing that by treatie it was to be deliuered, he retired into the +turret which he had first woone and entred, and there set vp his +standard and ensignes, which king Richard (as the Dutch writers affirme) +comming thither, threw downe and trode vnder his féet.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ger. Dor.</i></span> +But Geruasius Dorobornensis declareth this matter somewhat otherwise, as +thus. After that the said citie of Acres was rendred into the christian +mens hands (saith he) diuerse lords tooke their lodgings as they thought +good, and hanged foorth their ensignes. And as it chanced, the duke of +Austrich placing himselfe in one of the fairest palaces of all the +citie, put foorth his ensigne, whereof king Richard being warie, came +thither with a companie of hardie souldiers about him, and threw downe +the dukes ensigne, so displacing him out of that so pleasant and +<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog. Houed.</i></span> +beautifull a lodging. For this cause, and also surmizing that king +Richard should be guiltie of the death of the marques Conrade, the duke +of Austrich shewed such discourtesie towards him. But concerning the +murther of +<a name="Page_236" id="Page_236" ></a><span class="pagenum">[236]</span> +the marques, the chéefe gouernour of those Saracens called +Assassini cleared king Richard by a letter written and directed vnto the +duke of Austrich in manner as followeth.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<h3>A letter directed to the duke of Austrich, wherein king Richard is +cleared of the death of the marquesse of Mountferrat, whereof he +was vehementlie suspected.</h3> + +<p>Lvpoldo duci Austriæ, Vetus de Monte salutem. Cùm plurimi reges & +principes vltra mare Richardum regem Angliæ & dominum de morte marchisi +inculpent, iuro per dominum qui regnat in æternum, & per legem quam +tenemus, quòd in eius mortem nullam culpam habuit. Est siquidem causa +mortis ipsius marchisi talis. Vnus ex fratribus nostris in vnam nauem de +Satalei, ad partes nostras veniebat, & tempestas illum fortè ad Tyrum +appulit, & marchisus fecit illum capere & occidere, & magnam pecuniam +eius rapuit. Nos verò marchiso nuncios nostros misimus, mandantes vt +pecuniam fratris nostri nobis redderet, & de morte fratris nostri +nobiscum se concordaret, & noluit.</p> + +<p>Nec non & nuncios nostros spreuit, & mortem fratris nostri super +Reginaldum dominum de Sidonis posuit, & nos tantùm fecimus per amicos +nostros, quod in veritate scimus, quòd ille fecit illum occidere & +pecuniam rapere. Et iterum alium nuncium nostrum nomine Edrisum misimus +ad eum, quem in mare mergere voluit, sed amici nostri illum à Tyro +festinanter fecerunt recedere, qui ad nos peruenit, & ista nobis +nunciauit. Nos quoque ex illa hora marchisum desiderauimus occidere. +Túncque duos fratres misimus ad Tyrum, qui eum apertè & ferè coram omni +populo Tyri occiderunt.</p> + +<p>Hæc ergò fuit causa mortis marchisi, & benè dicimus vobis in veritate, +quòd dominus Richardus rex Angliæ in hac marchisi morte nullam culpam +habuit. Et qui propter hoc domino regi Angliæ malum fecerunt, iniustè +fecerunt, & sine causa. Sciatis pro certo, quòd nullum hominem huius +mundi pro mercede aliqua vel pecunia occidimus, nisi priùs nobis malum +fecerit. Et sciatis quòd has literas fecimus in domo nostra ad castellum +nostrum Messiat in dimidio Septembri, anno ab Alexandro 1505.</p> + + +<h3>The same in English.</h3> + +<p>Vetus de Monte to Lupold duke of Austrich sendeth greeting. Where manie +kings and princes beyond the seas blame Richard king of England of the +marques his death, I sweare by the lord that reigneth euerlastinglie, +and by the law which we hold, that he was not in fault for his death. +For the verie cause of the marques his death was such as followeth. One +of our brethren in a ship of Satalie came towards our parties, and +chanced by tempest to be driuen vnto Tyre, and the marques caused him to +be taken and slaine and tooke a great portion of monie that he had in +the ship with him. Whervpon we sent our messengers to the marques, +commanding him to restore vnto vs the monie of our brother, and to +compound with vs for our said brothers death, and he would not.</p> + +<p>Moreouer, he also contemned our messengers, & laid the fault of our +brothers death vpon Reginald lord of Sidon, and we did so much through +our freends, that we got full vnderstanding that the marques himselfe +caused him to be slaine, and tooke his monie. And therefore we sent vnto +him againe an other messenger named Edrisus, whome he would haue drowned +in the sea, but our freends made such shift, that they procured him to +depart with speed from Tyre, who returned to vs, and signified these +things to vs for certeine. And from that houre euer after we had a +desire to slea the marques: and so +<a name="Page_237" id="Page_237" ></a><span class="pagenum">[237]</span> +then we sent two of our brethren +vnto Tyre, who openlie, & in a manner in presence of all the people of +Tyre slue him.</p> + +<p>This therefore was the verie cause of the death of the marques: & we say +to you in good sooth, that the lord Richard king of England, in this +death of the marques was nothing culpable: and they that haue doone anie +displeasure vnto the king of England for this cause, they haue doone it +wrongfullie, and without anie iust occasion. Know ye for certeine, that +we do not vse to kill anie man of this world for anie bribe, or for +monie, except he haue doone to vs some harme afore time. And know ye +that we haue made these letters in our house at our castell of Messuat, +in the midst of September, in the yeare from Alexander the great, 1505.</p> + +</div> + +<p>¶ Thus we see how king Richard was cleared of that crime concerning the +marques his death by the tenour of this letter. And verelie it is most +like that king Richard would haue béene loth to haue communicated his +purpose vnto such a wicked kind of pagans as the Assassini were, if he +had pretended any such matter, but rather would haue sought his reuenge +by some other meanes. Now therefore to our purpose.</p> + +<p>The newes of the taking of king Richard was anon bruted and blowne ouer +all Germanie, wherevpon the emperour Henrie the sixt, the sonne of +<span class="yearnote">1193.</span> +Frederike the first, sent in all hast vnto the duke, persuading him to +deliuer the king into his hands, being able to susteine and abide the +malice of all them that would be offended with the taking and deteining +of him prisoner, as the pope and others. The emperour well vnderstood +the wealth and riches of England, and therefore hoped to make some good +purchase by ransoming the king, if he might get him out of the dukes +hands. The duke perceiuing also the emperours meaning, durst not well +denie his request, and therefore he deliuered the king vnto them that +<span class="rightnote">The king is deliuered to the emperor. <i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +were sent from the emperour, who couenanted to giue vnto the said duke +the summe of 6000. pounds of Cullen weight for the hauing of the said +king. The emperour thus receiuing the king at the hands of the duke of +Austrich, commanded that he should be committed to close prison, and +would not doo so much as once speake with him. This he did, to cause the +king vpon an indignation and wearinesse of that maner of life, to make +speed in offering some large masse of monie for his libertie & +deliuerance. ¶ Thus we sée how couetousnesse infected the hearts of the +mightie, and what occasion the emperour and duke did take, to inrich +themselues by the meanes of the king, whome they forced not to +impouerish, so their owne greedie worme were serued. But this hath béene +a disease not so generall as ancient, according to his words that said,</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ouid. lib. Fast. 1.</i></span> +<span class="i0">Vix ego Saturno quenquam regnante videbam,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Cuius non animo dulcia lucra forent.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog. Houed.</i></span> +Here is to be remembred by the waie, that about the same time, or +somewhat before, in the yeare of our Lord 1192. the pope sent two legats +<span class="rightnote">Two legats from y<sup>e</sup> pope.</span> +(namelie, Octauian bishop of Hostia, and Jordane de Fossa noua) into +Normandie, to reconcile the bishop of Elie and the archbishop of Rouen: +but comming vnto Gisors, they were staied from entring any further into +<span class="rightnote">Normandie interdicted.</span> +the countrie, wherevpon they did interdict the whole duchie of +Normandie, togither with William Fitz Radulfe lord steward of that +countrie, bicause he was the man that had so staied them. Immediatlie +herevpon, queene Elianor, and the archbishop of Rouen sent vnto those +legats Hugh bishop of Durham, requiring them to release that sentence of +interdiction so pronounced against the steward and countrie of Normandie +in the kings absence, but they would not, except they might be receiued +into Normandie: howbeit, the pope being sent vnto, released it, and +caused the legats to release it also, and yet they entred not into +Normandie at all.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The earle of Pieregort & others wast the K. of Englands +lands.</span> +This yeare, whilest the seneschall of Gascoigne laie sicke, the earle of +Pieregort, and the vicount of March, and almost all the lords and barons +of Gascoigne, began to waste and destroie the lands of king Richard. And +though the seneschall manie times by messengers required a peace, or at +the least some truce, yet could he not haue any grant +<a name="Page_238" id="Page_238" ></a><span class="pagenum">[238]</span> +thereof: wherfore vpon his recouerie of health +<span class="rightnote">The seneschal of Gascoigne reuengeth iniurie.</span> +he inuaded the lands of the said earle, +tooke the castels and fortresses and some of them he fortified, and kept +to the kings vse, and some of them he raced downe to the ground. He also +inuaded the vicounts countrie, and subdued it to the kings gouernement. +Shortlie after came the brother of the +<span class="rightnote">The king of Nauarres brother.</span> +king of Nauarre, with eight +hundred knights or men of armes to the seneschals aid, and so they two +togither entring into the lands of the earle of Tholouse, tooke diuerse +castels and fortresses within the same, of the which some they +fortified, and some they raced, and rode euen to the gates of Tholouse, +and lodged in maner vnder the walles of the citie.</p> + +<p>A little before Christmas also, diuerse of those that had béene in the +holie land with king Richard, came home into England, not knowing but +that king Richard had beene at home before them, and being asked where +they thought he was become, they could say no more but that they had +seene the ship wherein he first went aboord, arriuing at Brendize in +Puglia. At length, when newes came that he was taken and staied as +prisoner, the archbishop of Rouen and other the rulers of the realme of +<span class="rightnote">The abbats of Boxley and Roberts-bridge.</span> +England, sent the abbat of Boxeley and the abbat of Roberts-bridge with +all spéed into Almaine to speake with him, and to vnderstand his state, +and what his pleasure was in all things. Who comming to Germanie, passed +through the countrie into Baierland, where at a place called Oxefer they +found the king as then on his iournie towards the emperour, to whom (as +yée haue heard) the duke of Austrich did send him. The said abbats +attended him to the emperours court, and remained there with him till +the emperour and he were accorded, in manner as after shall be shewed: +and then after Easter they returned with the newes into England.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ger. Dor.</i></span> +Vpon report hereof order was taken for manie things, but cheefelie for +the state: in which dealings, forsomuch as those which had the rule of +the land stood in great doubt of things (for the inconstant nature of +earle John was of them much suspected) first they caused a new oth of +allegiance to be made to king Richard, and receiued of the people. They +fortified also such townes and castels as were of importance, both with +repairing the walles and other defenses about the same, and furnishing +them with men, munition and vittels. Thus was the land brought into some +order.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The French king counselleth K. John to vsurpe against his +brother.</span> +In the meane while, the French king being aduertised that king Richard +was deteined as prisoner reioised not a little thereat, and with all +speed by secret messages did send for his brother earle John, who was +readie to come at his call. And being come, he exhorted him not to +suffer so conuenient an occasion to passe, but to take the gouernement +of the realme of England now into his hands, promising him all such aid +as he could of him reasonablie require: with other like talke still +tending to the prouocation of the earle to forsake his allegiance vnto +his brother. And to say the truth, earle John was easilie persuaded so +to doo, and therefore vpon his immediat returne into England, assembled +an armie, and with the same (and such strangers as he brought with him) +began to prooue maisteries, first winning the castels of Windsore, +Wallingford, Notingham, and diuerse other, and fortifieng the same to +his owne vse and defense.</p> + +<p>The barons of the land, iudging such vnlawfull doings not to be anie +longer suffered, first besieged the castell of Windsore, and after +preparing to leuie a greater force, did put them within in such feare, +that they yéelded vp the same, séeking to escape by flight, some into +one place, and some into an other, the which yet being apprehended were +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ger. Dor.</i></span> +put to worthie execution. But this was not doone without continuance of +time, & without great trouble & charges to the realme: for whereas there +was a practise betwixt the French king and earle John, that a great +power of strangers, & namelie Flemings should haue come into the realme +(for whose transporting a great number of ships were brought togither at +Witsand) yet the high prouidence and goodnesse of God disappointed their +purpose. For their messengers being taken which were sent hither into +England, the treason was reuealed, and by the queene mothers appointment +(who cheefelie then ruled the land) a great companie of knights, men of +armes, and commons of the countrie, +<a name="Page_239" id="Page_239" ></a><span class="pagenum">[239]</span> +watched the sea coasts ouer against +Flanders, to keepe the enimies from landing. They began thus to watch in +the passion wéeke, and so continued till a certeine time after Easter. +Howbeit earle John came secréetlie ouer, in hope to haue not onelie the +assistance of the Welshmen and of manie other his freends in England, +but also of the Scots, howbeit, the king of Scots would not meddle. He +therefore with such Welshmen and other as he had brought ouer, and such +Englishmen as he could get to take his part, began such attempts (as +before ye haue heard) to the disquieting of the whole realme, and great +displeasure of the king.</p> + +<p>Moreouer, beside that power of the barons which laid siege to Windsor +castell, there were Noble men also in other parts of the realme that +<span class="rightnote">The archbishop of Yorke. Hugh Bardolfe. William de +Stuteuille.</span> +were readie to resist him. And amongst other, Geffrey the archbishop of +Yorke, with Hugh Bardolfe one of the kings iustices, and William de +Stuteuille, assembled an armie, and comming to Doncaster, fortified<a name="FNanchor_6_9" id="FNanchor_6_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a> the +towne: but when the archbishop would haue gone forward to besiege the +castell of Tickhill, which earle John had in possession, the other two +his associats would not consent to go with him, bicause they were +seruants, and reteined with earle John. Herewith the archbishop being +sore offended, departed from them, calling them traitors to their king, +and enimies to the realme.</p> + +<p>About the same time did the French king enter into Normandie with an +armie, & comming to the towne of Gisors, besieged it, the which one +Gilbert de Vascoll or Guascoill capteine thereof (to his high reproch) +yéelded vp vnto him, with an other castell also called Nefle, which he +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Paruus.</i></span> +had likewise in kéeping. After this, the French king entring into the +countrie of Veuxine or Veulquessine, wan diuers towns and fortresses in +the same, and passing forward, tooke Val de Rueil, and Neusburge, and +<span class="rightnote">Rouen besieged. The earle of Leicester. +</span> +finallie comming before the citie of Rouen he laid siege thereto: but +the earle of Leicester being gotten into the citie before the French +kings comming thither, so incouraged the citizens, that they stoutlie +standing to their defense, caused the French king to his great dishonour +to raise his field, hauing lost there more than he wan. Yet to saue +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +other townes and castels from taking, and the countrie from destruction, +the rulers of the same procured a truce for a great summe of monie, +which they couenanted to giue, deliuering vp foure notable castels by +waie of engagement, till the summe agreed vpon should be to him +contented and dulie paid.</p> + +<p>In the meane time, earle John as head of all the conspiratours, +perceiuing himselfe not able to atchieue his purpose as then, nor to +resist the lords and barons of the realme, being vp in armour against +him, and now growen to greater stomach, bicause they vnderstood by the +bishop of Salisburie latelie arriued, of the kings welfare, and hope of +deliuerance; and furthermore, considering that he was disappointed both +of Scots and Flemings as he had well hoped should haue come to his aid: +he tooke a truce with the lords of the kings side, by the earnest +<span class="rightnote">Michaelmas, saith <i>Ger. Dorob.</i></span> +trauell of the bishop of Salisburie, till the feast of All saincts, so +as the castels of Windsore, Wallingford, and the Peake, should remaine +in the hands of his mother queene Elianor; but the castels of Notingham +and Tickhill remained still in his owne possession, the which with such +other castels as he held within the land, he furnished with garrisons of +his owne men and freends, and then went againe ouer into France to the +French king, to purchase some new aid at his hands according to his +promise.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Paruus.</i></span> +Here will we leaue earle John conferring with the French king, and +returne to the king of England. Vpon Palmesundaie after that he was +deliuered (or rather betraied) into the emperours hands, he was brought +<span class="rightnote">The emperour chargeth king Richard with iniuries doone to the +Sicilians.</span> +before the princes and lords of the empire, in whose presence the +emperour charged him with diuerse vnlawfull dooings: and namelie picked +a quarell at him for the wrongs and hurts doone to the Sicilians in time +of his soiourning in their Ile, as he went towards the holie land. For +albeit the said emperour had nothing as then to doo in the countrie, yet +for somuch as he had latelie recouered the Ile of Sicile out of king +Tancreds hands, and was now intituled king thereof by the pope, in right +of +<a name="Page_240" id="Page_240" ></a><span class="pagenum">[240]</span> +his wife Constance, the daughter of Roger king of Sicile, and so by +reason therof seemed to be gréeuouslie offended with him for his dooings +about the recouering of the monie from Tancred, which neuerthelesse was +iustlie due vnto his sister for her dowrie, as in the processe afore I +<span class="rightnote"><i>W. Paruus.</i> <i>Matth. West.</i> The kings wisdome in making his +answere.</span> +haue alreadie declared. King Richard notwithstanding these vaine and +other friuolous obiections laid to his charge, made his answears alwaies +so pithilie and directlie to all that could be laid against him, and +excused himselfe in euerie point so not onelie greatlie commended him +for the same, but from thencefoorth vsed him more courteouslie, and +suffered that his fréends might haue accesse to him more fréelie than +before they could be permitted.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +The pope also being aduertised of the taking of king Richard, was much +offended, that anie Christian prince, hauing taken vpon him the defense +of the Christian faith against the infidels, should be so vsed in his +returne from so godlie an enterprise: and therefore sent both to the +duke of Austrich, and to the emperour, requiring them to set him at +libertie. But the emperour declared plainlie that he would be answered +for such summes of monie as king Richard had taken out of Sicile before +he would release him or set him at libertie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Salisburie sent into England.</span> +When king Richard perceiued that no excuses would serue, though neuer so +iust, but that he must néeds paie to his couetous host some great summe +of monie for his hard interteinment, he sent the bishop of Salisburie +into England, to take order with the barons of the realme to prouide for +the paiment of his ransome, which bishop (as yée haue heard) after the +peace concluded with Saladine, went vnto Jerusalem to visit the holie +sepulchre, and now comming into Sicile, as he returned homewards, had +knowledge there how king Richard was taken prisoner in Austrich, and +remained in the emperours hands: wherevpon he turned that waie foorth, +and comming to him, was now sent into England with commission (as I haue +said) to leauie monie for the kings ransome. He landed here the twentith +day of Aprill, by whose comming the land was the sooner brought in +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ger. Dor.</i></span> +quiet: for the agréement which earle John tooke (as before yée haue +heard) was cheefelie procured by his meanes. For till his comming, the +castell of Windsore was not woone, the siege being but slackelie +followed by the archbishop of Rouen, who had diuerse of his fréends +within it, and therefore was not verie earnest against them.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog. Houed.</i> The bishop of Elie commeth to the king.</span> +When the bishop of Salisburie was departed towards England, the bishop +of Elie came to the king and trauelled so earnestlie betwixt the +emperour and him, that finallie the emperour (partlie through his suit, +& partlie for that he had beene verie much called vpon by the pope and +other for his deliuerie) tooke order with him for the redéeming of his +<span class="rightnote">The emperor agréeth with king Richard for his ransome. +<i>N. Triuet.</i> <i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +libertie, and appointed what summe he should pay for his ransome, which +(as some write) was two hundred thousand markes: other saie that it was +but 140 thousand marks of the poise of Cullen weight. But William +Paruus, who liued in those daies, affirmeth it was one hundred thousand +pounds, and Roger Houeden saith an hundred thousand marks of Cullen +poise, to be paid presentlie at the kings first comming into England, +and fiftie thousand marks afterwards, that is to say, thirtie thousand +to the emperour, and twentie thousand to the duke of Austrich, as it +were in recompense of the iniurie done to him in the holie land; where +king Richard ouerthrew his ensignes: and for the same to deliuer +sufficient suerties.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>R. Houed.</i> Lands assigned to king Richard.</span> +Moreouer, we find in Roger Houeden that the emperour amongst other the +articles of this agréement thus concluded betwixt him and king Richard, +gaue and granted, and by his letters patents confirmed vnto him these +lands hereafter mentioned, that is to saie: Prouance with the citie of +Vienne, and Viennois, the citie of Marseils, Narbon, Arles and Lion vpon +the Rhone, with the countrie vp to the Alps, and all those possessions +which belonged to the empire in Burgoine, with the homages of the king +of Aragon and of the earle of S. Giles: wherein is to be noted, that +with the precinct of the premisses thus granted to king Richard, fiue +archbishops sées, and thirtie three bishops sées are included. Howbeit +the truth is, that the emperour neuer had possession of these countries, +cities, +<a name="Page_241" id="Page_241" ></a><span class="pagenum">[241]</span> +and towns himselfe, neither would the inhabitants receiue any +person so by him appointed to their lord and gouernour, wherefore the +king made small account of that his so large grant. But after he once +vnderstood the certeintie of the summe that he should paie for his +ransome (which businesse he most attended) he sent one with letters by +and by and in great hast into England to his treasurers, requiring them +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +with all conuenient spéed to prouide monie, and to send it to him by a +day, that he might be set at libertie with spéed.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog. Houed.</i><br /> +Order taken for leuieng monie to paie the kings ransome.</span> +These letters being come to the quéene mother, and other that had charge +in gouernance of the realme, tooke order that all maner of persons as +well spirituall as temporall, should giue the fourth part of their whole +reuenues to them for that yeare accrewing, and as much more of their +mooueable goods, and that of euerie knights fée there should be leuied +the sum of twentie shillings. Also that the religious houses of the +orders of the Cisteaux and Sempringham should giue all their wools for +that yeare towards the kings ransome.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The hard dealing of officers in the collection.</span> +Now those that had commission to leuie this monie, being poisoned with +couetousnesse, and incensed with a gréedie desire (than the which as the +poet saith,</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">—— nulla est hac maior Erinnys,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Hanc memorant Acheronte satam, per tristia Ditis<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Regna truces agitare faces, &c.)<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p class="nogap">vsed much streightnesse in exacting it, not onelie leuieng it to the +vttermost value and extent of mens lands, goods, and possessions, but +after their owne willes and pleasures: so that vnder colour of the kings +commission, and letters to them directed, there séemed not a tribute or +subsidie to be raised, but by some publike proclamation all the goods +and substance of the people to be appointed as a prey to the kings +officers, whereby it came to passe, that not onelie priuate mens goods, +<span class="rightnote">Church iewels.</span> +but also the chalices, iewels, and vessels belonging to the church were +turned into monie, and a farre greater summe made than was at the first +commanded, a great part of the ouerplus being conuerted to the vse of +those, through whose hands the receipt passed. There was no priuilege +nor freedome allowed to exempt any person or place for being +contributorie towards the paiment of this monie. The order of Cisteaux +that were neuer charged with any paiment before, were now assessed more +déepelie than the rest.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Norwich.</span> +The bishop of Norwich lamenting the iniurious dealings of the pettie +officers, and pittieng the people of the church, collected halfe the +value of all the chalices within his diocesse himselfe, and to make vp +the other halfe of the whole summe, he spared not to giue a great +<span class="rightnote">The abbat of saint Albons.</span> +portion of his owne treasure. The abbat of S. Albons acquitted all those +churches within the compasse of his iurisdiction, by the gift of an +hundred marks. But the +<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Chester.</span> +bishop of Chester had verie ill lucke with his +collections; for hauing gathered a great summe of monie to the kings +vse, he was spoiled thereof in one night, as he lodged neere vnto +Canturburie, being vpon his iournie towards the king. And bicause +<span class="rightnote">Matthew de Cléere.</span> +Matthew de Cléere that laie in the castell of Douer was knowne to aid +those that robbed the said bishop, the archbishop of Canturburie +pronounced him accurssed.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>R. Houed.</i> The bishop of Elie.</span> +About this time, and on the morrow after the natiuitie of saint John +Baptist, the bishop of Elie lord chancellour arriued in England, not +shewing himselfe in any statelie port (for he tooke vpon him neither the +dignitie of chancellour nor legat, nor yet of iustice) but onelie as a +simple bishop and messenger sent from the king. The quéene mother, the +archbishop of Rouen, and such other as had gouernment of the land, +hearing of his comming, met him at saint Albons, where he shewed to them +the emperours letters, conteining the agreement made betwixt him and +king Richard, and withall appointed certeine lords & barons to go with +him at his returne backe to the king, as Gilbert bishop of Rochester, +Sifrid bishop of Chichester, Bennet abbat of Peterborow, Richard earle +of Clare, Roger Bigot earle of Norfolke, Geffrey de Saie, and diuerse +other. It was also ordeined at this same time, that the monie gathered +towards the paiment of the kings ransome should remaine in custodie of +Hubert bishop of Salisburie, Richard bishop of +<a name="Page_242" id="Page_242" ></a><span class="pagenum">[242]</span> +London, William earle of +Arundell, Hameline earle of Warren, and of the Maior of London, vnder +the seales of the quéene mother, and of the archbishop of Rouen.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 5.</span> +¶ But sée the hap of things, whilest ech one was thus occupied about the +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Paruus.</i></span> +aforesaid monie; it chanced that king Richard was at the point to haue +béene deliuered into the hands of his deadlie aduersarie the French +king, as hereafter you shall heare, noting by the waie the dangerous +estate of princes, the manifold distresses whereinto by sinister fate +(as well as the inferior & rascall rout of common drudges) they be +driuen. For what greater calamitie, what gréeuouser hartach, what more +miserable casualtie could haue happened vnto a bondman, than to be +deliuered to and fro from the hand of one enimie to another, to be +bought and sold for monie, to stand to the courtesies of forren foes, of +a king to become a captiue? whervnto the poet did right well allude, +when he said,</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Hor. lib. car. 1. ode 10.</i></span> +<span class="i0">Sæpius ventis agitatur ingens<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Pinus, & celsæ grauiore casu<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Decidunt turres, feriúntq; summos<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Fulmina montes.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>The emperour vpon displeasure conceiued against the bishop of Liege, +which latelie had atteined to that benefice contrarie to the emperours +<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Liege murthered.</span> +pleasure, who wished the same rather to an other person, hired certeine +naughtie fellowes to go into France, where the bishop remained for feare +of the emperours malice, and there to find meanes traitorouslie to slea +him, which they accordinglie did, by reason whereof the duke of Louaigne +that was brother to the bishop, and other of his kinsmen, vpon knowledge +had thereof, meant to haue made the emperour warre, in reuenge of that +murther: insomuch that the emperour, to haue the French kings aid +against them, was minded to haue deliuered K. Richard vnto him.</p> + +<p>Howbeit after that the matter was taken vp, and a concord made betwixt +the emperour and his nobles, he changed his purpose also touching the +deliuering ouer of king Richard, who perceiuing that till his ransome +were paid (which would amount to the summe of an hundred & fiftie +thousand marks) he should not get libertie: and putting great confidence +in the dexteritie and diligence of Hubert bishop of Salisburie (whome he +sent as ye haue heard into England to deale for the leuieng of the same) +he thought good to aduance the same bishop to the metropolitane sée of +Canturburie, which had beene vacant euer sithence the decease of +archbishop Baldwine, that died (as ye haue heard) in the holie land.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Paruus.</i></span> +Herevpon writing to the bishops of the realme, and to the moonks of +Canturburie, he required them to procéed to the election of an +archbishop for that see, and withall commended vnto them the foresaid +Hubert, as a man most sufficient and méet for that roome. He wrote +<span class="rightnote">Hubert bishop of Salisburie elected archbishop of +Cāturburie.</span> +likewise to the queene to further that matter, and easilie hereby +obteined his desire. For shortlie after, the same Hubert was elected by +the bishops and moonks, which assembled togither for that purpose. He +was the 41 archbishop that gouerned that see: for although Reginold +bishop of Bath was elected before him, yet bicause he died yer he was +installed, he is not put in the number.</p> + +<p>The king being now put in good hope of his spéedie deliuerance, sent +into England, willing his mother quéene Elianor, the archbishop of Rouen +and others, to come ouer vnto him into Almaine, and in the meane time he +<span class="rightnote">Hubert archbishop of Cāturburie, lord chéefe iustice.</span> +ordeined Hubert the archbishop of Canturburie to remaine at home as lord +cheefe iustice. After this, the emperour with the aduice of the princes +of the empire, assigned a day to king Richard, in which he should be +deliuered out of captiuitie, which was the mondaie next after the +twentith day of Christmasse. Wherevpon king Richard wrote vnto Hubert +archbishop of Canturburie in forme as followeth.</p> + +<p><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243" ></a><span class="pagenum">[243]</span></p> +<div class="blockquot"><h3>The tenour of king Richards letters to the said archbishop.</h3> + +<p>Richardus Dei gratia rex Angliæ, & dux Normaniæ & Aquitaniæ, & comes +Andigauiæ, venerabili patri nostro in Christo, & amico charissimo +Huberto eadem gratia Cantuariensi archiepiscopo salutem & sinceræ +dilectionis plenitudinem. Quoniam certiores sumus, quòd liberationem +nostram plurimùm desideratis, & quòd liberatio nostra admodum vos +lætificat, scripto volumus quòd lætitiae nostræ participes sitis. Inde +est quòd dilectioni vestræ dignum duximus significare, dominum +imperatorem certum diem liberationis nostræ nobis praefixisse, in die +lunæ proxima post vicessimum diem natiuitatis Domini, & die dominica +proxima sequenti coronabimur de regno prouinciæ, quod nobis dedit. Vnde +mittimus in Angliam literas domini imperatoris super hijs patentes, +vobis & cæteris amicis nostris beneuolis. Vos autem interim pro omni +posse vestro quos scitis nos diligere, consolari velitis, & quos scitis +promotionem nostram desiderare. Teste meipso apud Spiram 22. die +Septembris.</p> + +</div> + +<p>The emperour also signified by his letters to the lords of England his +resolute determination in this matter, as followeth.</p> + + +<div class="blockquot"><h3>The tenour of the emperours letters to the States of England +touching king Richard, and the day of his deliuerance, &c.</h3> + +<p>Henricus Dei gratia Romanorum imperator, & semper Augustus, dilectis +suis archiep. episcopis, comitibus, baronibus, militibus, & vniuersis +alijs fidelibus Richardi illustris regis Anglorum gratiam suam & omne +bonum. Vniuersitati vestræ duximus intimandum, quòd dilecto amico nostro +Richardo illustri regi Anglorum domino vestro certum diem liberationis +suæ statuimus, à secunda feria post diem natiuitatis domini in tres +septimanas apud Spiram siue apud Berenatiam, & inde in septem dies +posuimus ei diem coronationis suæ de regno Prouinciæ, quod ei +promisimus: & hoc certum habeatis, & indubitatum, nostri siquidem +propositi est, & voluntatis, præfatum dominum vestrum specialem +promouere sicut amicum nostrum, & magnificentiùs honorare. Datum apud +Theallusam vigilia beati Thomæ Apostoli.</p> +</div> + +<p>Before this king Richard had sent the bishop of Elie into France vnto +his brother earle John, who preuailed so much with him, that he returned +into Normandie, and there sware fealtie vnto his brother king Richard, +and so was contented to forsake the French king. But whereas king +Richard commanded that all such castels and honours as he had giuen to +him afore time, should now be restored to him againe, as well those in +England, as the other on the further side the sea: such as had the same +castels in kéeping would not obeie the kings commandement herein, +<span class="rightnote">The kings commandement not obeied.</span> +refusing to make restitution of those places, according to the tenour & +purport of the kings writ, vnto the said earle of Mortaigne, by reason +of which refusall, he returned againe to the French king, and stucke to +him. Herevpon the French king gaue vnto him the castels of Dreincourt, +and Arques, the which ought to haue béene deliuered vnto the archbishop +of Reimes as in pledge, who had trauelled as a meane betwixt the French +king to whom he was vncle, and the king of England to whom he was +cousine, procuring a meeting for agreement to be had betwixt them at a +certeine place betwixt Vaucolur and Tulle in the borders of Lorraine. +But notwithstanding all that he could doo, matters were so farre out of +frame, and such +<a name="Page_244" id="Page_244" ></a><span class="pagenum">[244]</span> +mistrust was entred into the minds of the parties, that +no conclusion held. So that all the hope which king Richard had, was by +paiment of his ransome to redéeme his libertie, and then to shift with +things as he might. And so finallie when the monie was once readie, or +<span class="yearnote">1194.</span> +rather a sufficient portion thereof, the same was conueied ouer into +Germanie, and paiment made to the emperour of the more part of the kings +ransome, and sufficient pledges left with him for the rest, as the +archbishop of Rouen, the bishop of Bath [Baldwin Wac] and other which +were of late come out of England to see and salute the king.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog. Houed.</i> King Richard released out of captiuitie.</span> +Herevpon king Richard, after he had beene prisoner one yeare, six +weekes, and thrée daies, was set at libertie on Candlemasse day (as most +writers agrée) and then with long and hastie iournies, not kéeping the +high waies, he hasted foorth towards England. It is reported that if he +had lingred by the way, he had béene eftsoones apprehended. For the +emperour being incensed against him by ambassadors that came from the +French king, immediatlie after he was set forward, began to repent +himselfe in that he had suffered him so soon to depart from him, and +herevpon sent men after him with all speed to bring him backe if they +could by any meanes ouertake him, meaning as then to haue kept him in +perpetuall prison.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>R. Houed.</i> The offers of the French K. and erle John to haue +the K. of England kept still in prison.</span> +Some write that those ambassadours sent from the French king, with other +from earle John, came to the emperor before king Richard was deliuered, +offering in the French kings name fiftie thousand marks of siluer, and +in the name of earle John thirtie thousand, vpon condition that K. +Richard might remaine still in captiuitie vntill the feast of S. +Michaell next insuing; or else if it might so please him, he should +receiue a thousand pounds of siluer for euerie moneth, whilest king +Richard should be deteined in his prison, or otherwise fiftie thousand +marks of siluer more than the first offer, at one entire paiment, if he +would deliuer him into their hands, or at the leastwise to kéepe him +prisoner by the terme of one whole yeare.</p> + +<p>The emperour hearing of such large offers, and yet hoping for more, +contrarie to his promise and letters patents therefore granted, proroged +the day in which king Richard should haue béene set at libertie, till +Candlemasse after, at which daie he was brought from Haguenaw vnto +Spiers, where the emperour had called a councell to intreat further of +the matter touching his redemption. Here the emperour shewed the letters +which he had receiued from the French king and earle John vnto king +Richard, who vpon sight and perusing of the same, was maruellouslie +amazed, and began to despaire of all speedie deliuerance.</p> + +<p>Indéed the emperour sought delaies vpon a couetous desire of the monie +offered by the French king and earle John, but yet such princes and +<span class="rightnote">The princes that had vndertaken for the emperor to performe +the couenants.</span> +great lords as had vndertaken for the emperour, that the couenants and +articles on his part agréed vpon in the accord passed betwixt him and +king Richard, should be in ech behalfe performed [that is to saie, the +archbishops of Ments, Cullen, and Saltzburge, the bishops of Wormes, +Spiers, and Liege, the dukes of Suaben, Austrich, & Louain, the +Palsgraue of the Rhine, and others] came to the emperour, and reproouing +him for his couetous mind, in that he deferred the restoring of king +Richard to his libertie, contrarie to the composition, did so much +preuaile, that the emperour receiuing pledges for the paiment of the +monie yet behind (as before ye haue heard) released king Richard out of +captiuitie on the second or (as Roger Houeden saith) the fourth day of +Februarie, being a dismall day and an infortunate (as they note them in +<span class="rightnote">Robert de Nouant.</span> +kalendars.) And where the king would haue left Robert de Nouant the +bishop of Couentries brother for a pledge amongst the other, he refused +to be one of the number, alledging that he was seruant to earle John. +King Richard greeuouslie offended herewith, commanded that he should be +apprehended, and committed to prison, & so he was. This Robert was one +of those that came with the letters from the French king and earle John +to the emperour, about the staieng of king Richards deliuerance.</p> + +<p> +<a name="Page_245" id="Page_245" ></a><span class="pagenum">[245]</span> +Furthermore, king Richard the same day in which he was restored to +libertie, summoned by his letters Hugh Nouant bishop of Couentrie, to +appeare in his court, to answer such things as were to be obiected +against him, both before spirituall iudges in that he was a bishop, and +also before temporall in that he had holden and exercised a temporall +office. On the verie same day also the emperour and the princes of the +empire, sent letters vnder their hands and seales to the French king, +and to John erle of Mortaigne, commanding them immediatlie vpon sight of +the same letters, to restore vnto king Richard all those castels, +cities, townes, lands, and other things, which they had taken from him +during the time of his remaining in captiuitie, and if they refused thus +to doo, then they gaue them to vnderstand by the same letters, that they +would aid king Richard to recouer that by force, which had beene +wrongfullie taken from him.</p> + +<p>Moreouer king Richard gaue and by his deed confirmed vnto sundrie +<span class="rightnote">Yéerelie pensions giuen by the king to certeine princes of +the empire.</span> +princes of the empire for their homage and fealtie, certeine yearelie +pensions, as to the archbishop of Ments and Cullen, to the bishop of +Liege, to the dukes of Austrich and Louaine, to the marquesse of +Mountferrat, to the duke of Meglenburge, +<span class="rightnote">Memburge.</span> +to the duke of Suaben the +emperors brother, to the earle of Bins, to the earle of Holland, and to +the sonne of the earle of Henault, of all the which, and other mo, he +receiued homage, or rather had their promise by oth to aid him against +the French king, which French king, now that he sawe no hope nor +likelihood remaining to bring the emperour to the bent of his bowe for +the deteining of K. Richard still in captiuitie, raised a power +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Paruus.</i> The French king inuadeth Normandie.</span> +foorthwith, & entring into Normandie (the truce notwithstanding) tooke +the towne of Eureux, with diuerse other fortresses thereabouts, and +after he had doone mischéefe inough, as it were wearied with<a name="FNanchor_6_10" id="FNanchor_6_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a> euill +dooing, he granted eftsoones to stand to the truce, and so returned +home.</p> + +<p>Finallie after king Richard had dispatched his businesse with the +emperour, and the princes of Almaigne, he set forward on his iournie +towards England, and hauing the emperours passeport, came to Cullen, +where he was ioifullie receiued of the archbishop, the which archbishop +attended on him till he came to Antwerpe, where king Richard tooke the +water in a gallie that belonged to Alane de Trenchmere, but in the night +he went into a ship of Rie, being a verie faire vessell, and so laie +<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog. Houed.</i></span> +aboord in hir all the night, and in the morning returned to the gallie, +and so sailed about the coast, till he came to the hauen of Swin in +Flanders, and there staieng fiue daies, on the six day he set foorth +<span class="rightnote">He landed the 20. of March being sundaie as <i>R. Houeden</i><a name="FNanchor_6_11" id="FNanchor_6_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a> and +<i>Rafe de Diceto</i> write.</span> +againe, and at length in good safetie landed at Sandwich the twelfe daie +of March, and the morrow after came to Canturburie where he was receiued +with procession, as Ger. Dor. saith. From thence he went to Rochester, +and on the Wednesday being the sixteenth of March, he came vnto London, +where he was receiued with great ioy and gladnesse of the people, giuing +heartie thanks to almightie GOD for his safe returne and deliuerance.</p> + +<p>¶ It is recorded by writers, that when such lords of Almaine as came +ouer with him, saw the great riches which the Londoners shewed in that +triumphant receiuing of their souereigne lord and king, they maruelled +greatlie thereat, insomuch that one of them said vnto him; "Surelie oh +king, your people are wise and subtile, which do nothing doubt to shew +the beautifull shine of their riches now that they haue receiued you +home, whereas before they seemed to bewaile their need and pouertie, +whilest you remained in captiuitie. For verelie if the emperour had +vnderstood that the riches of the realme had bin such, neither would he +haue beene persuaded that England could haue béene made bare of wealth, +neither yet should you so lightlie haue escaped his hands without the +paiment of a more huge and intollerable ransome."</p> + +<p>The same yeare that king Richard was taken (as before is mentioned) by +the duke of Austrich, one night in the moneth of Januarie about the +first watch of the same night, the northwest side of the element +appeared of such a ruddie colour as though it had burned, without any +clouds or other darknesse to couer it, so that the stars shined through +that rednesse, and might be verie well discerned. Diuerse bright strakes +appeared to +<a name="Page_246" id="Page_246" ></a><span class="pagenum">[246]</span> +flash vpwards now and then, diuiding the rednesse, thorough +the which the stars séemed to be of a bright sanguine colour. In +Februarie next insuing, one night after midnight the like woonder was +séene, and shortlie after newes came that the king was taken in +Almaigne.</p> + +<p>On the second daie of Nouember also a little before the breake of the +daie, the like thing appeared againe with lesse feare and woonder to the +people (than before) being now better accustomed to the like sight +againe. And now the same daie and selfe houre that the king arriued at +Sandwich, being the second houre of that daie, whilest the sunne shone +verie bright and cleare, there appeared a most brightsome and +vnaccustomed clearnesse, not farre distant from the sunne, as it were to +the length and breadth of a mans personage, hauing a red shining +brightnesse withall, like to the rainbow, which strange sight when manie +beheld, there were that prognosticated the king alreadie to be arriued.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>R. Houed.</i> Diuerse sieges held at one time.</span> +In this meane while the bishop of Durham with a great armie besieged the +castell of Tickhill; and earle Dauid brother to the king of Scots, with +Ranulfe earle of Chester, and earle Ferrers, besieged the castell of +Notingham, whilest at the same present the archbishop of Canturburie +with a great power besieged Marleburgh castell, the which within a few +daies was rendred into his hands, the liues and lims of them within +saued. Also the castell of Lancaster was deliuered to him, the which the +same archbishops brother had in kéeping vnder earle John, and likewise +<span class="rightnote">S. Michaels mount.</span> +the abbeie of S. Michaels mount in Cornwall, the which abbeie Henrie de +la Pomerey chasing out the moonks, had fortified against the king, and +hearing newes of the kings returne home, died (as it was thought) for +méere gréefe and feare. These three places were surrendered to the +archbishop before the kings returne, but Tickhill & Notingham held out.</p> + +<p>King Richard being returned into England, and vnderstanding both how the +French king made warre against him in Normandie, and that the state of +England was not a little disquieted, by the practise of his brother +earle John and his complices, speciallie by reason that diuerse castels +were defended by such as he had placed in them, he thought good with all +speed to cut off such occasions as might bréed a<a name="FNanchor_6_12" id="FNanchor_6_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a> further mischéefe. +<span class="rightnote">The king goeth to Notingham and winneth the castel. +<i>Rog. Houed.</i></span> +Wherevpon he first went to Notingham, and within thrée daies after his +comming thither (which was on the daie of the Annunciation of our ladie) +he constreined them that kept the castell there in his brothers name, to +yeeld themselues simplie vnto his mercie, after they had abidden diuerse +assaults, by the which euen the first daie the vtter gates were burnt, +and certeine defenses destroied, which they had made before the same.</p> + +<p>The cheefe of them that were within this castell to defend it were +these, William de Vendeuall conestable there, Roger de Mountbegun, Rafe +Murdach, Philip de Worceter and Ranulfe de Worceter, brethren. The morow +after the surrender was made, the king went to Clipstone, and rode into +<span class="rightnote">The forest of Shirewood.</span> +the forrest of Shirewood, where he had neuer béene before, the view +whereof pleased him greatlie. The castell of Tickhill was likewise at +the same time yéelded vnto the bishop of Durham, who receiued it to the +kings vse, and them that kept it as prisoners, without anie composition, +but standing simplie to the K. mercie. For although those that had these +castels in keeping, were sufficientlie prouided of all necessarie things +for defense, yet the sudden comming of the king (whom they thought +verelie would neuer haue returned) put them in such feare, that they +wist not what to make of the matter, and so (as men amazed) they yéelded +without anie further exception. The bishop of Durham bringing those +<span class="rightnote">The castel of Tickhill yéelded. <i>Rog. Houed.</i></span> +prisoners with him which had yéelded vp this castell of Tickhill, came +to the king the 27 daie of March, the verie daie before that Notingham +castell was giuen ouer.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Strife betwixt y<sup>e</sup> archbishops for carieng of their crosses.</span> +Moreouer, this is to be remembred, that during the siege of Notingham, +contention arose betwixt the two archbishops of Canturburie and Yorke, +about the carriage of their crosses. For Hubert archbishop of +Canturburie comming thither, had his crosse borne before him; the +archbishop of Yorke (hauing no crosse there at all) was verie sore +offended, that anie other should go with crosse borne before him in his +diocesse, and therfore complained +<a name="Page_247" id="Page_247" ></a><span class="pagenum">[247]</span> +hereof to the king. But the +archbishop of Canturburie mainteined that he had not doone anie thing +but that which was lawfull for him to doo, and therevpon made his +appeale to Rome, that the pope might haue the hearing and iudging of +that controuersie betwixt them.</p> + +<p>In the meane time, after the king had got the castells of Notingham and +Tickhill into his hands (as ye haue heard) he called a parlement at +Notingham, where the quéene mother sat on the right hand of him, and the +archbishops of Canturburie & Yorke on the left, with other bishops, +earles and barons according to their places. On the first daie of their +<span class="rightnote">Officers discharged.</span> +session was Gerard de Camuille discharged of the office which he had +borne of shiriffe of Lincolne, and dispossessed both of the castell & +countie. And so likewise was Hugh Bardolfe of the castell and countie of +Yorke, and of the castell of Scarbourgh, and of the custodie and kéeping +<span class="rightnote">Lieutenantships set on sale.</span> +of the countrie of Westmerland, the which offices being now in the kings +hands, he set them on sale to him that would giue most. Hereof it came +to passe, that where the lord chancellour offered to giue fiftéene +hundred markes before hand, for the counties of Yorke, Lincolne and +Northampton, and an hundred markes of increase of rent for euerie of the +<span class="rightnote">The archbishop of Yorks offer.</span> +same counties, Geffrey archbishop of Yorke offered to the king thrée +thousand markes aforehand, onelie for the countie of Yorke, and an +hundred markes yearelie of increase, and so had the same committed to +his regiment.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Chester.</span> +Moreouer in this parlement, the king demanded iudgement against his +brother John, and Hugh Nouant the bishop of Couentrie and Chester, for +such traitorous and most disloiall attempts as they had made against him +and his countries, and iudgement was giuen that both the said earle and +bishop should haue summons giuen them peremptorilie to appeare, and if +within fortie daies after, they came not to answer such plaints as might +be laid against them, then should earle John forfeit all that he had +within the realme, and the bishop should stand to the iudgement of the +bishops, in that he was a bishop, and to the temporall lords in that he +had béene the kings shiriffe.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">A subsidie.</span> +In this parlement also, in the kalends of Aprill, the king procured a +subsidie to be granted to him, to wit, two shillings of euerie plough +land through England, which maner of subsidie by an old name is called +Teemen toll, or Theyme toll. He also commanded that euerie man should +make for him the third part of knights seruice, accordinglie as euerie +fée might beare, to furnish him foorth into Normandie. He demanded of +the moonks Cisteaux, all their wooles for the same yeare. But bicause +that seemed an ouer greeuous burthen vnto them, they fined with him, as +after shall appeare. The fourth day of this parlement, by the kings +permission manie greeuous complaints were exhibited against the +<span class="rightnote">The archbishop of Yorke accused.</span> +archbishop of Yorke, for extortion and other vniust vexations, which he +had practised: but he passed so little thereof, that he made no answer +vnto their billes.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Gerard de Camuille charged with felonie and treason.</span> +Moreouer through the procurement of the lord chancellour, Gerard de +Camuille was arreigned for receiuing théeues, and robbers, which had +robbed certeine merchants of their goods, that were going to the faire +of Stamfort; also they appealed him of treason for refusing to stand to +his triall by order of the kings lawes at commandement of the kings +iustices, bearing himselfe to be earle Johns man, and aiding the same +earle against the king. But all these accusations he flatlie denied, and +so his aduersaries put in pledges to follow their suit, and he put in +the like to defend himselfe by one of his fréeholders.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The king of Scots commeth to sée the king of England.</span> +The same daie king Richard receiued the king of Scots at Clipstone, +comming now to visit him, and to reioise with him for his safe returne +home after so long a iournie, and so manie passed perils. After they had +spent the time a certeine space in ioy and mirth, the fourth of Aprill +at their being togither at Malton, the king of Scots required of king +Richard to haue restored to him the counties of Northumberland, +Cumberland and Westmerland, with the countie of Lancaster also, the +which in right of his predecessors belonged to him (as he alledged.)</p> + +<p> +<a name="Page_248" id="Page_248" ></a><span class="pagenum">[248]</span> +<span class="rightnote">A parlement.</span> +King Richard assembling a parlement of the Nobles of his realme at +Northampton, about sixtéene daies after that the Scotish king had made +this request, gaue him answer that by no means he might as then satisfie +his petition: for if he should so doo, his aduersaries in France would +report that he did it for feare, and not for any loue or hartie +<span class="rightnote">A grant made to the king of Scots what allowance he should +haue when he came to England.</span> +fréendship. But yet king Richard in the presence of his mother quéene +Elianor, and the lords spirituall and temporall of his realme togither +at that present assembled, granted and by his déed confirmed vnto the +said king of Scots, and to his heires for euer, that whensoeuer he or +any of them should come by summons of the king of England vnto his +court, the bishop of Durham, and the shiriffe of Northumberland should +receiue him at the water of Twéed, and safe conduct him vnto the water +of These, and there should the archbishop of Yorke, and the shiriffe of +Yorke be readie to receiue him of them, and from thence giue their +attendance vpon him vnto the borders of the next shire.</p> + +<p>It was also granted to the said king, that he should be attended from +shire to shire by prelats and shiriffes, till he came to the kings +court, also from the time that the king of Scotland should enter this +realme of England, he should haue dailie out of the kings pursse for his +liuerie an hundred shillings, and after he came to the court, he should +haue an allowance dailie for his liuerie, so long as he there remained, +thirtie shillings and twelue manchet wastels, twelue manchet simnels, +foure gallons of the best wine, and eight gallons of houshold wine, two +pound of pepper, foure pound of cumin, two stone of wax, or else foure +links, and fortie great and long colpons of such candels as are serued +before the king, and foure and twentie colpons of other candels that +serue for the houshold. And when he should returne into his countrie +againe, then should he be conueied with the bishops and shiriffes from +countie to countie, till he come to the water of Twéed, hauing an +hundred shillings a day of liuerie, &c: as is before appointed. The +charter of this grant was deliuered vnto William king of Scots in the +towne of Northampton, in Easter wéeke, by the hands of William bishop of +Elie lord chancellour, in the yeare of our lord 1194, and in the fift +yeare of king Richard his reigne.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">A councell holden at Winchester.</span> +After this, on the fiftéenth day of Aprill, king Richard hauing the said +king of Scots in his companie came to Winchester, where he called a +councell, and there in open assemblie he highlie commended all those of +the Nobilitie, that in his absence had shewed themselues faithfull, and +resisted his brother, and such other his complices, which had as +disloiall persons rebelled against him. Here he also proclaimed his said +brother, and all those that tooke his part, traitours to the crowne, and +tooke order for the punishment of them, that (being of their faction) +could by any means be apprehended.</p> + +<p>Furthermore, to put awaie as it were the reproofe of his captiuitie and +imprisonment (by the reuiuing of his noblenesse, which he had in high +estimation.</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">—— pretio nam dignior omni est<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Nobilitas, hæc non emitur nec venditur auro)<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p class="nogap"> +<span class="rightnote">The king crowned anew.</span> +he caused himselfe to be eftsoones crowned by the archbishop Hubert, on +the 18 of Aprill, at Winchester, and so shewed himselfe as a new crowned +king (in hope of good successe and better lucke to follow) in the +<span class="rightnote"><i>R. Houed.</i> The king of Scots beareth one of the swords +before the king of England.</span> +presence of the said king of Scots, who bare one of the thrée swords +before him, going in the middle betwixt two earles, that is to saie, +Hamelin earle of Warren going on his right hand, and Ranulfe earle of +Chester on his left. The canapie vnder the which he went was borne vp +also by foure earles, Norffolke, Lislewight, Salisburie, and Ferrers. +The bishop of Elie lord chancellour went on the right hand of the king, +and the bishop of London on the left. At dinner also the citizens of +<span class="rightnote">The citizens of London.</span> +London serued him in the butterie by reason of two hundred marks which +they had giuen the king that they might so doo, notwithstanding the +claime and challenge made by the citizens of Winchester, the which +serued him in the kitchin.</p> + +<p>The archbishop of Yorke was commanded that he should not be present at +the coronation, least some tumult might arise about the hauing of his +crosse borne afore him, to +<a name="Page_249" id="Page_249" ></a><span class="pagenum">[249]</span> +the displeasure of the archbishop of +Canturburie, who stood in it, that no prelat within his prouince ought +to haue any crosse borne before him, himselfe excepted.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">A parlement called.</span> +After this, he called a parlement, by vertue whereof he reuoked backe +and resumed into his hands all patents, annuities, fées, and other +grants (before his voiage into the holie land) by him made, or otherwise +granted or alienated. And bicause it shuld not seeme that he vsed a +méere violent extortion herein, he treated with euerie one of them in +most courteous wise, bearing them in hand, that he knew well they ment +not to let foorth their monie to him vpon vsurie, but would be contented +with such reasonable gaine and profit, as had béene raised to their vse +in time of his absence of those things which they held of him by +assignation in way of lone, so that now the same might be restored to +him againe, sith he ment not to sell them, but to let them foorth as it +were to farme for the time, as all men might well vnderstand, +considering that he could not mainteine the port of a king without +receipt of those profits which he had so let foorth. With these gentle +<span class="rightnote">The bold courage of the bishop of Lincolne.</span> +words therefore mixed with some dreadfull allegations, he brought them +all into such perplexitie, that not one of them durst withstand his +request, nor alledge that he had wrong doone to him, except Hugh the +bishop of Lincolne, who sticked not to saie, that the king in this +<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Durham lost his earledome.</span> +demand did them and the rest open iniurie. The bishop of Durham lost his +earledome, and was constreined to content himselfe with his old +bishoprike, and to leaue the dignitie of an earle, or at the leastwise +the possessions which he had bought of the king before his setting +forward into the holie land.</p> + +<p>Thus the king recouered those things for the which he had receiued great +summes of monie, without making any recompense, where the most part of +the occupiers had not receiued scarselie a third part of the principall +which they had laid foorth. For no sufficiencie of grant, patent, or +other writing to any of them before made, did any thing auaile them. +<span class="rightnote">K. Richards practises. The moonks Cisteaux.</span> +Moreouer, where he had borrowed a great summe of monie of the merchants +of the staple, he wrought a feat with the moonks of the Cisteaux order +to discharge that debt. He told these moonks that being constreined with +vrgent necessitie, he had borowed that monie of the merchants beyond the +sea, vpon confidence of their good beneuolence, and therefore he +required them to extend their liberallitie so farre toward him, as to +deliuer so much wooll in value, as should discharge that debt. To be +short, the moonks being ouercome with the kings words, threatning +kindnesse vpon them, fulfilled his request. Moreouer not satisfied +herewith, he leuied a taske throughout the realme, exacting of euerie +hide of land two shillings, according to the grant made to him at +Notingham: and the same was generallie gathered, as well of the +spirituall mens lands as of the temporall.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog. Houed.</i> The king of Scots maketh suit for +Northumberland.</span> +The king of Scots vnderstanding that the bishop of Durham had giuen ouer +and resigned the earledome of Northumberland into the kings hands, +thought good once againe to assaie if he might compasse his desire, and +herewith he began his former suit afresh, offering to king Richard +fiftéene thousand markes of siluer for the whole earledome of +Northumberland with the appurtenances, as his father earle Henrie did +hold the same before. The king taking counsell in the matter, agreed +that he should haue it for that monie, excepting the castels: but the +king of Scots would haue castels and all, or else he would not bargaine.</p> + +<p>Finallie, after he had sundrie times mooued this suit for the hauing of +the lands vnto which he pretended a title, and could get nothing of king +Richard but faire words, putting him as it were in hope to obteine that +he required at his next returne out of France, vpon the 22 daie of +Aprill being fridaie, he tooke leaue of the king, and returned towards +his countrie, not verie ioifull, in that he could not obteine his suit. +King Richard in this meane while caused all those prisoners that were +taken in the castels of Notingham, Tickhill, Marleburgh, Lancaster<a name="FNanchor_6_13" id="FNanchor_6_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a>, and +<span class="rightnote">Mainprise.</span> +S. Michaels mount, which were of any wealth to be put in prison, that +they might fine for their ransoms. The residue he suffered to depart +<a name="Page_250" id="Page_250" ></a><span class="pagenum">[250]</span> +vpon suerties, that were bound for them in an hundredth marks a peece, +to be forth comming when they should be called.</p> + +<p>Now the king (after he had gathered a great portion of monie, and +ordeined diuerse things for the behoofe of the common-wealth, thereby to +satisfie the harts of the people) prepared himselfe to saile into +<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog. Houed.</i></span> +Normandie. But first he reconciled the archbishop of Yorke, and the +bishop of Elie lord chancellour, aswell for the apprehension & +imprisoning of the archbishop at Douer, as for the dishonourable +expulsion of the chancellour out of England, in such wise that the +chancellour should vpon reasonable summons giuen to him by the +archbishop, sware with the hands of an hundred préests with him, that he +neither commanded nor willed that the archbishop should be apprehended. +The controuersie betwixt the two archbishops about the bearing of their +crosses, the king would not meddle withall, for (as he said) that +perteined to the pope. Yet the archbishop of Canturburie complained to +king Richard of the iniurie doone to him at that present by the +archbishop of Yorke, presuming within his prouince to haue his crosse +borne before him. At length when the kings prouision was once readie for +his voiage into Normandie, he came to Douer, and hearing that the French +king had besieged the towne of Vernueil, and that the same was in danger +to be taken, he tooke the sea togither with his mother quéene Elianor on +<span class="rightnote">The king transporteth ouer into France.</span> +the ninth daie of Maie, and transporting ouer into Normandie, arriued at +Harfléet with an hundred great ships fraught with men, horsses and +armour.</p> + +<p>The French king hearing of king Richards arriuall, and that he was +comming with a great power to the succour of them within Vernueil, and +<span class="rightnote">The French king raiseth his siege from Vernueil.</span> +was alreadie incamped néere to the towne of the Eagle, he plucked vp his +tents in the night before Witsundaie, and leauing the siege, departed +from thence, and tooke a certeine small fortresse by the waie as he +marched, wherein he left a few souldiers to keepe it to his vse. King +Richard herewith entring into the French dominions, sent three bands of +souldiers towards Vale de Ruell, and went himselfe vnto Loches, and +besieging that castell wan it within a short time. The Normans also +<span class="rightnote"><i>N. Triuet.</i></span> +recouered the citie of Eureux out of the French mens hands, but those +that were sent vnto Ruell, and had besieged the castell there an eight +daies without any gaine, hearing that the French king was comming +towards them, departed thence, & came backe to the kings campe, +wherevpon the French king comming to Ruell raced it to the ground, +bicause his enimie should not at anie time in winning it nestle there to +the further damage of the countrie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog. Houed.</i></span> +About the same time, Robert earle of Leicester issuing foorth of Rouen +in hope to worke some feat to the damage of the Frenchmen, as he rode +<span class="rightnote">The earle of Leicester taken prisoner.</span> +somewhat vnaduisedlie in the lands of Hugh Gourney, fell within danger +of his enimies, who tooke him prisoner, and a few other that were in his +companie. The French king after this came with his armie into the coasts +of Touraine; and marched neere Vandosme, and there incamped, whereof +king Richard being aduertised, drew néere to Vandosme, meaning to +assaile the French king in his campe, who hauing knowledge thereof +dislodged with his armie earlie in the morning, and fled awaie (to his +great dishonour) in all hast possible. The king of England with his +people following in chase of the Frenchmen slue manie, and tooke a great +number of prisoners, amongst whome was the French kings chéefe +treasurer. Also the Englishmen tooke manie wagons and sumpters laden +with crossebowes, armour, plate, apparell, and the furniture of the +French kings chapell. This chanced about 37 daies after his fléeing in +the night from Vernueil, of which two flights of the French king (in +manner as ye haue heard) we find these verses written:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Gallia fugisti bis, & hoc sub rege Philippo,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Nec sunt sub modio facta pudenda tuo.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Vernolium sumit testem fuga prima, secunda<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Vindocinum, noctem prima, secunda diem.<br /></span> +<span class="i0"><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251" ></a><span class="pagenum">[251]</span> +Nocte fugam primam rapuisti, manè secundam,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Prima nictus vitio, víq; secunda fuit.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza" style="margin-top: 1em;"> +<span class="i0">France, twice thou fledst, while Philip reign'd,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">the world dooth know thy shame,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">For Vernueil witnesse beares of th' one,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">next Vandosme knowes the same.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The first by night, the next by day,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">thy heart and force doo showe,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That first through feare, and next by force,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">was wrought thine ouerthrowe.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Geffrey de Rancon. The earle of Engolesme. The king of Nauars +brother.</span> +In this meane while certeine rebels in Guien, as the lord Geffrey de +Rancin<a name="FNanchor_6_14" id="FNanchor_6_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a> or Rancon, and the earle of Engolesme with their complices, vpon +confidence of the French kings assistance, sore disquieted the countrie. +Howbeit, the sonne of the king of Nauarre, and brother to Berengaria the +quéene of England, entring into Guien with an armie, wasted the lands of +both those rebels, till he was called home by reason of his fathers +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 6.</span> +death which chanced about the same time. Shortlie after Geffrey Rancin +died, and king Richard comming into his countrie, wan the strong castell +of Tailleburge by surrender, which apperteined to the same Geffrey with +others, and then going against the other rebels, he wan the citie of +<span class="rightnote">Engolesme woone.</span> +Engolesme from him by force of assault. All which time the French king +stirred not, by reason that there was some communication in hand for a +truce to be taken betwixt him and king Richard, which by mediation of +certeine bishops was shortlie after concluded, to endure for twelue +moneths. The bishop of Elie was chéefe commissioner for the king of +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> <i>Wil. Paruus.</i></span> +England, and this truce was accorded about Lammas, and serued to little +purpose, except to giue libertie to either prince to breath a little, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +and in the meane time to prouide themselues of men, munition, ships & +monie, that immediatlie after the terme was expired, they might with +greater force returne to the field againe, for they had not onelie a +like desire to follow the warres, but also vsed a like meane and +practise to leuie monie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Great exactions.</span> +For whereas they had alreadie made the temporaltie bare with often +paiments, and calling them foorth to serue personallie in the warres, +they thought best now to fetch a fleece from the spiritualtie and +churchmen, considering also that they had béene by reason of their +immunitie more gentlie dealt with, and not appointed to serue themselues +<span class="rightnote">The colour pretended in leuieng of monie.</span> +in anie maner of wise. To colour this exaction which they knew would be +euill taken of manie, they bruted abroad, that they leuied this monie +vpon purpose, to send it into the holie land, towards the paiment of the +christian souldiers, which remained there vpon defense of those townes, +which yet the Saracens had not conquered. King Richard therfore comming +to Towrs in Touraine, required a great summe of monie of the cleargie in +those parts, and the like request he made throughout all those his +dominions, on that further side of the sea. King Philip for his part +demanded likewise intollerable tithes and duties of all the churchmen in +his territories, and those that had the gathering of that monie serued +their owne turne, in dealing most streightlie with sillie préests, +making them to paie what they thought good, though sometime beyond the +bounds of equitie and reason.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog. Houed.</i> Inquisitions taken by a iurie of sundrie +matters.</span> +In September, the iustices itinerants made their circuits thorough +euerie shire and countie of this realme, causing inquisitions to be +taken by substantiall iuries of plées of the crowne both old and new, of +recognisances, of escheats, of wards, of mariages, of all maner of +offendors against the lawes and ordinances of the relme, and of all +other transgressors, falsifiers, and murtherers of Jewes; of the +pledges, goods, lands, debts, and writings of Jewes that were slaine, +and of other circumstances touching that matter. Likewise of the +accompts of shiriffes, as to vnderstand what had béene giuen towards the +<a name="Page_252" id="Page_252" ></a><span class="pagenum">[252]</span> +kings ransome, how much had béene receiued, and what remained behind to +receiue. Also of the lands that belonged to erle John, and what goods he +had, and what he held in demaine, in wards, escheats, and in gifts, and +for what cause they were giuen. Furthermore, of his fautors and +partakers, which had made fines with the king, and which not, with manie +<span class="rightnote">Vsurers.</span> +other articles touching the same earle. Also of vsurers, and of their +goods being seized, of wines sold contrarie to the assise, of false +measures, and of such as hauing receiued the crosse to go into the holie +land, died before they set forward. Also of grand assises that were of +an hundred shillings land or vnder, and of defaults, and of diuerse +other things, the iurats were charged to inquire, and present the same.</p> + +<p>The iustices also were appointed to cause the manours, farmes and lands +which the king held in demaine, or by wards and escheats, to be surueied +by a substantiall iurie, and to take order for the conuerting of them to +such vse, as the king might be answered of the gaines rising by the same +<span class="rightnote">Iewes.</span> +at the farmers hands. Also, the Iewes were appointed to inroll all their +debts, pledges, lands, houses, rents and possessions. Moreouer, +<span class="rightnote">Iustices, shiriffes and other officers.</span> +inquisition was taken of iustices, shiriffes, bailiffes, conestables, +foresters and other officers belonging to the king, to vnderstand in +what maner they had behaued themselues in taking and seizing of things +into their hands, and of all such goods, gifts and promises had and +receiued by occasion of leasure made of the lands of earle John and his +fautors, and who receiued the same, and what delaie was granted by +<span class="rightnote">Hubert archbishop of Canturburie lord chéefe iustice.</span> +commandement of Hubert archbishop of Canturburie, then lord chéefe +iustice.</p> + +<p>In this meane time, whilest these inquisitions were thus taken in +England, king Richard comming foorth of Poictou into Aniou, caused all +the bailiffes and officers of that countrie, and also of Maine, to fine +<span class="rightnote">Officers driuen to fine for their offices.<br /> +The king offended with the lord chauncellor. +</span> +with him for their offices. After this, when he came downe into +Normandie, he séemed in shew to be offended with his +chancellour the +bishop of Elie, about concluding of the truce with the French king +(where as ye haue heard he was cheefe commissioner) misliking greatlie +all that was doone therein, and therefore he tooke the seale from him, +and caused a new seale to be made, commanding to be proclaimed thorough +all his dominions, that whatsoeuer had béene sealed with the old seale, +should stand in no force, both for that his chancellor had wrought more +vndiscreetlie than was conuenient; and againe, bicause the same seale +<span class="rightnote">A new seale.</span> +was lost, when Roger Malus Catulus his vicechancellour was drowned, who +perished, among other by shipracke, néere to the Ile of Cypres, before +the king arriued there, being as then on his iournie into the holie +land. Therefore all men had commandement to come to this new seale, that +they might haue their charters and writings confirmed.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i> The king returneth into England. He granteth +the English men licence to tournie.</span> +Furthermore, whilest the truce yet lasted, king Richard sailed ouer into +England, where he caused turnies to be exercised in diuerse places, for +the better training vp of souldiers in feats of warre, that they might +growe more skilfull and perfect in the same, when they should come to +the triall of their forces, whereby he raised no small summes of monie +for granting license to his subiects so to tournie. Euerie earle that +would tournie, paid to him for his licence twentie marks, euerie baron +<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog. Houed.</i> Fines paid for licence to exercise turnements.</span> +ten marks, and euerie knight hauing lands, did giue foure marks, and +those that had no lands two marks, to the great damnifieng of the +people; hauing learned the common lesson, and receiued the ordinarie +rule followed of all, and neglected of none; namelie,</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Mal. Pal. in suo sap.</i></span> +<span class="i0">—— opus est nummis vel morte relictis,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Vel sorte inuentis, vel quauis arte paratis,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Quippe inopem mala multa pati contingit vbíq;,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Nec sine diuitijs fas cuiquam ducere vitam<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Fœlicem, &c.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>The charter of this grant was deliuered by the king vnto William earle +of Salisburie, to haue the kéeping thereof: but Hubert Walter the +archbishop of Canturburie, and lord +<a name="Page_253" id="Page_253" ></a><span class="pagenum">[253]</span> +chéefe iustice, bade his brother +Theobald Walter collector of the monie, for the scraping and raking +togither whereof, in huge sums, he put the former shifts of extortion +and exaction in practise.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><h3>The tenour of the charter concerning the turnements before +remembred.</h3> + +<p>Richard by the grace of God king of England, duke of Normandie and +Aquitaine, and earle of Aniou, to the reuerend father in Christ, Hubert +archbishop of Canturburie, and primat of all England, sendeth greeting. +Know ye that we haue granted turnaments to be kept in England in fiue +steeds, to wit, betwixt Sarisburie and Wilton, betwixt Warwike and +Kenelworth, betwixt Stanford and Warmeford, betwixt Brackley and +Nixburgh, betwixt Blie & Tickhill, so that the peace of our land be not +broken, nor yet our iustices authoritie diminished, nor any damage doone +to our forrests. Prouided that what earle soeuer will turney there, +shall giue to vs twentie markes, a baron ten marks, a knight that hath +lands foure marks and he that hath no lands shall giue two marks.</p> + +<p>Moreouer, no stranger shall be admitted to turney there, wherevpon we +command you, that at the daie of the turnieng, ye haue there two +clarkes, and two of our knights to receiue the oth of the earles and +barons, which shall satisfie vs of the said summes of monie, before the +turnieng begin, and that they suffer none to turnie, till (before) they +haue made paiment, and haue caused to be entred how much & of whom they +haue receiued: and ye shall take ten marks for this charter to our vse, +whereof the earle of Salisburie, and the earle of Clare, and the earle +<span class="rightnote">Bishops towne.</span> +of Warren are pledges. Witnesse myselfe, at Ville Leuesche, the two and +twentith of August.</p> + +</div> + +<p>Furthermore, ordinances were made and set foorth for the safe keeping of +the peace, so that such as would turney, neither by the waie in comming +or going, or whilest the turnieng lasted, should violentlie take any +thing to serue their necessarie vses, without paieng therefore to the +owner according to the woorth, nor should doo iniurie to any man in any +manner of wise. But now to the other dooings of king Richard, who made +<span class="rightnote">I thinke he came not ouer at all into England at this time, +but rather sent his mind vnto the archbishop.</span> +no long abode in England at this time, but shortlie returned into +Normandie, bicause he heard that king Philip had an armie readie leuied. +Wherefore meaning to buckle with him vpon occasion offered, he made the +more hast, and being landed there, approched vnto the borders of the +French dominions, incamping himselfe with his armie in the field, to +wait for the time that the truce should be expired, least the enimie +should in any exploit preuent him. In like manner king Philip hauing +with him earle John king Richards brother, kept his souldiers and men of +warre in a readines with him, to worke any feat that should be thought +expedient assoone as the truce should end.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1195.</span> +Whilest both these kings were thus bent to powre out their malice, and +to ease their stomachs with dint of sword, there came messengers from +<span class="rightnote">Messengers from the pope.</span> +the pope, exhorting him vnto peace and quietnesse, but his exhortation +little auailed. For they regarding it little or nothing, immediatlie as +the truce was expired, got them abroad into the field, & king Richard +<span class="rightnote">Isoldune.</span> +drew towards Isoldune, a towne situat in the confines of Berrie, whither +it was reported that the French king meant to come: and there staid for +him a whole day togither. But the French king hearing that king Richard +was there to looke for him, thought it best not to come there at all. +Wherefore king Richard went the next daie vnto a castell called Brison, +and tooke it vpon his first approch. Then went he to a towne called +Nouencourt and perceiuing the same to be strong and well manned, tooke +not in hand to assaile it till the third daie after his comming thither, +at what time he so +<a name="Page_254" id="Page_254" ></a><span class="pagenum">[254]</span> +inclosed the same round about with diligent watch +and ward, that a cat could not haue escaped out of the place, neither by +<span class="rightnote">Nouencourt yéeldeth to K. Richard. Albermarle besieged. +<i>Matt. West.</i> <i>Polydor.</i></span> +daie nor night, but that she should haue béene espied. They within being +put in feare herewith, yeelded vp the towne the daie next following, in +which meane time the French king besieged Albemarle.</p> + +<p>Herevpon king Richard, hauing left a garrison of souldiers in +Nouencourt, came to raise the enimie from his siege, & setting vpon the +Frenchmen, there began a sharpe fight: but the Englishmen being wearie +with trauell of their passed iournie, and hauing rashlie entred into the +battell, were not able to indure the Frenchmens violence, so that (not +without great losse) they were constreined to retire with swift flight, +or (to saie the truth) to run awaie a maine pase. The French king hauing +thus chased his enimies, returned to assault Albemarle, woone the +castell by force, and the towne by composition, permitting the garrison +there to depart with all their armour. This doone, he ruinated the +<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog. Houed.</i> The earle of Leicesters offer for his ransome.</span> +castell flat to the ground. Robert earle of Leicester offered to the +French king a thousand marks sterling for his ransome, and to quite +claime to him and his heires for euer all the right which he had to the +castell of Pascie, with the appurtenances, and to get a confirmation +thereof for him both of the pope, and of the king of England: but for +that the warre still lasted, the French king tooke a respite in +answering this offer, neuerthelesse afterwards in the yeare next +insuing, he tooke it, and so the earle was set at libertie.</p> + +<p>Not long after this foresaid repulse, the king of England hauing +refreshed his souldiers with some rest after their great trauell, went +<span class="rightnote">Million won and rased.</span> +to Million, and giuing assault to the towne wan it at the first brunt, +and made it plaine with the earth. Then was a motion made for peace +<span class="rightnote">A motion for peace.</span> +betwixt the two kings, being now wearied with long wars: whereof when +earle John was aduertised, who (as it should séeme by some writers) +hauing tarried with the French king till this present, began now to +doubt least if any agréement were made, he might happilie be betraied of +the French king by couenants that should passe betwixt them: he +determined therefore with himselfe to commit his whole safetie to his +naturall brother, and to no man else, perceiuing that the French king +made not so great accompt of him after the losse of his castels in +England, as he had doone before.</p> + +<p>Herevpon comming to his brother king Richard, "he besought him to pardon +his offense, and though he had not dealt brotherlie towards him, yet +that he would brotherlie forgiue him his rebellious trespasse, adding +furthermore, that whereas he had not heretofore beene thankefull for his +manifold benefits which he had receiued at his hands, yet he was now +most sorie therefore, and was willing to make amends: wherewith he +acknowledged the safegard of his life to rest in him, for the which he +was bound to giue him thanks, if he would grant thereto." The king +mooued with his words, made this answer (as it is said) that he pardoned +him indéed, but yet wished that he might forget such iniuries as he had +receiued at his hands, which he doubted least he should not easilie doo. +<span class="rightnote">Earle John returneth to the king his brother, and is +pardoned.</span> +Herewith erle John being yet put in good hope of forgiuenesse, sware to +be true euer after vnto him, and that he would endeuour himselfe to make +amends for his misdeeds past, and so was shortlie after restored vnto +his former degree, honour and estimation +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Paruus.</i> <i>R. Houed.</i> <i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +in all respects.</p> + +<p>But by some writers it should appeare, that earle John, immediatlie vpon +conclusion of the first truce, came from the French king, and submitted +himselfe to his brother, and by mediation of the quéene their mother was +pardoned, receiued againe into fauour, and serued euer after against the +<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog. Houed.</i></span> +French king verie dutifullie, séeking by new atchiued enterprises +brought about (to the contentation of his brother) to make a recompense +for his former misdemeanor, reputing it meere madnesse to make means to +further mischeefe; for</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">—— stultum est hostem iritare potentem,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Atq; malum maius tumidis sibi quærere verbis.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p class="nogap"> +<span class="rightnote"><i>R. Houed.</i></span> +But at what time soeuer he returned thus to his brother, this yeare (as +Roger Houeden +<a name="Page_255" id="Page_255" ></a><span class="pagenum">[255]</span> +saith) he was restored to the earledoms of Mortaigne in +Normandie, and Glocester in England, with the honour of Eie (the castels +onelie excepted) and in recompense of the residue of the earledoms which +he had before inioied, togither with certeine other lands, his brother +king Richard gaue vnto him a yeerelie pension amounting to the summe of +<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog. Houed.</i> <i>Wil. Paruus.</i> <i>Matth. Paris.</i> <i>Polychron.</i></span> +eight thousand pound of Aniouin monie. ¶ Now here to staie a while at +matters chancing here about home, I will speake somewhat of the dooings +of Leopold duke of Austrich, who as one nothing mooued with the +pestilence and famine that oppressed his countrie in this season, but +rather hauing his hart hardened, began to threaten the English hostages +that they shuld loose their liues, if king Richard kept not the +couenants which he had vndertaken to performe by a day appointed. +<span class="rightnote">Baldwin de Betun.</span> +Wherevpon Baldwin Betun one of the hostages was sent by common agréement +of the residue vnto king Richard, to signifie to him their estate. King +Richard willing to deliuer them out of further danger, sent with the +same Baldwin his coosen, the sister of Arthur duke of Britaine, and the +daughter of the emperour of Cypres, to be conueied vnto the said duke of +Austrich, the one, namelie the sister of Arthur to be ioined in marriage +with the dukes sonne, and the other to continue in the dukes hands to +bestow at his pleasure.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Duke Leopold catcheth a fall beside his horsse and dieth of +the hurt.</span> +But in the meane time, on saint Stephans day, duke Leopold chanced to +haue a fall beside his horsse, and hurt his leg in such wise, that all +the surgions in the countrie could not helpe him, wherevpon in extreame +anguish he ended his life. And whereas before his death he required to +be absolued of the sentence of excommunication pronounced against him by +the pope (for apprehending of king Richard in his returning from his +iournie made into the holie land) he was answered by the cleargie, that +except he would receiue an oth to stand to the iudgement of the church +for the iniurie doone to king Richard, and that vnlesse other of the +Nobilitie would receiue the like oth with him if he chanced to die +(whereby he might not fulfill that which the church héerein should +decrée) that yet they should see the same performed, he might not +otherwise be absolued.</p> + +<p>Wherefore he tooke the oth, and the Nobles of his countrie with him, and +therewithall released the English pledges, remitted the monie that yet +remained behind of his portion aforesaid, and immediatlie therewith +died. After his deceasse, bicause certeine péeres of the countrie +withstood the performance of the premisses, his bodie laie eight daies +longer aboue ground than otherwise it should haue doone, for till such +time as all the pledges were perfectlie released, it might not be +buried. Also Baldwin de Betun approching neere to the confines of +Austrich, when he heard that the duke was dead, returned with the two +ladies vnto his souereigne lord king Richard. Thus (as ye haue heard) +for feare of the censures of the church were the pledges restored, and +the residue of the monie behind released.</p> + +<p>¶ All this was both pleasant and profitable for king Richards soules +helth (as may be thought) bicause he tooke occasion therof to amend his +owne former life, by considering how much he might be reprehended for +his sundrie faults committed both against God and man. A maruellous +matter to heare, how much frō that time forward he reformed his +former trade of liuing into a better forme & order. Moreouer, the +<span class="rightnote">White moonks.</span> +emperour gaue to the Cisteaux moonks 3000 marks of siluer, parcell of +king Richards ransome, to make siluer censers in euerie church +throughout where they had any houses: but the abbats of the same order +refused the gift, being a portion of so wrongfull and vngodlie a gaine. +At which thing, when it came to the knowledge of K. Richard, he greatlie +maruelled at the first, but after commended the abbats in their dooings, +and cheeflie for shewing that they were void of the accustomed +gréedinesse of hauing, which most men supposed them to be much infected +withall.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog. Houed.</i> Hugh Nouāt bishop of Couentrie restored to +his sée.<br /> +The archbishop of Yorke.</span> +King Richard this yeare pardoned Hugh Nouant bishop of Couentrie of all +his wrath and displeasure conceiued toward him, and restored to him his +bishoprike for fiue thousand marks of siluer. But Robert Nouant the same +bishops brother died in the kings prison at Douer. Also whereas the +archbishop of Yorke had offended king Richard, he +<a name="Page_256" id="Page_256" ></a><span class="pagenum">[256]</span> +pardoned him, and +receiued him againe into fauour, with the kisse of peace. Wherevpon the +archbishop waxed so proud, that vsing the king reprochfullie, he lost +his archbishoprike, the rule of Yorkeshire which he had in gouernment as +shiriffe, the fauour of his souereigne, and (which was the greatest +losse of all) the loue of God. For</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="rightnote"><i>M. Pal. in suo sag.</i></span> +<span class="i0">Nemo superbus amat superos, nec amator ab illis,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Vult humiles Deus ac mites, habitatq; libenter<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Mansuetos animos procul ambitione remotos,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Inflatos verò ac ventosos deprimit idem,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Nec patitur secum puro consistere olympo.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Pope Celestine. The archbish. of Canturburie is made y<sup>e</sup> +popes legat.</span> +Moreouer, through the kings request, pope Celestine this yeare made the +archbishop of Canturburie legat of all England by his buls directed to +him, bearing date at his palace in Rome called Lateran the fifteenth +kalends of Aprill, in the fourth yeare of his papasie. Furthermore, the +pope wrote to the English cleargie, giuing them to vnderstand that he +had created the said archbishop of Canturburie his legat, commanding +them so to accept him: by vertue of which letters, the archbishop Hubert +<span class="rightnote">A trinitie of officers in vnitie of person.</span> +being now both archbishop of Canturburie, legat of the apostolike sée, +and lord chéefe iustice of England, appointed to hold a councell at +Yorke, and therefore gaue knowledge by the abbat of Binham in +Northfolke, and one maister Geruise, vnto the canons of Yorke, and to +the archbishops officials of his purposed intention.</p> + +<p>The said canons and officials well considering of the popes letters, +which were deliuered vnto them by the messengers, signified for answer, +that they would gladlie receiue him as legat of the apostolike sée, but +not as archbishop of Canturburie, nor as their primat. Herewith he came +to Yorke vpon saint Barnabies daie being sundaie, and was receiued with +procession. On the morrow after, he held a court of plees of the crowne, +of assises, and such other matters touching the king. On the next day +being Tuesday, he entred into the monasterie of saint Maries in Yorke, +and deposed the abbat, bicause of his infirmitie of bodie, at the +request of the moonks, but the abbat appealed to the popes consistorie. +<span class="rightnote">A synod holden at Yorke.</span> +Then he assembled the cleargie in the church of Saint Peter in Yorke, +and there held a synod for reformation of things amisse in the church, +and amendment of manners in the cleargie, so that diuerse decrées were +made, the which for bréefenesse we omit to speake of in particular. This +yeare also, the said archbishop Hubert caused all men throughout the +realme of England to receiue an oth of obseruing the kings peace, and to +sweare that they should not be robbers, nor abbettors of robbers, nor in +any wise consenting vnto them, but should doo what in them might lie to +apprehend all such offendors, and to discouer them to the kings officers +to be apprehended, and to pursue them vpon hew and crie to the vttermost +of their powers, and those that withdrew themselues from such pursuit, +should be apprehended as partakers with the offendors.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The emperor sendeth to the king.</span> +About this time the emperour sent to king Richard, requiring him in no +wise to conclude any peace with the French king, but rather to inuade +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 7.</span> +his dominions, promising to aid him all that he might. But king Richard, +to vnderstand further of the emperours mind herein, sent ouer his +<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Elie is sent to the emperour.</span> +chancellour the bishop of Elie vnto him in ambassage. In the meane time +the warre was still continued betwixt him and the French, by the which +they were commonlie put to the worse, and king Richard inuading their +borders, did much hurt in wasting the countries on each side. The French +king was at one time so narrowlie chased, that as he would haue passed a +bridge that laie ouer the water of Saine, he was in danger of drowning +by the fall of the same vnder him, but yet at the length he escaped, and +got to the further side.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The 2 kings talke togither.</span> +After this, the two kings came to a communication togither, in the which +a motion was made, that Lewes the French king his sonne and heire should +haue the sister of Arthur duke of Britaine in marriage, and that king +Richard in consideration thereof should surrender vnto them and to their +heires the townes of Gisors, Bademont, with the countrie of Veulquessine +or Veuxine le Normant, Vernon, Iuerie and Pascie; and further should +<a name="Page_257" id="Page_257" ></a><span class="pagenum">[257]</span> +giue vnto them twentie thousand marks of siluer. On the other side it +was mooued, that the French king should resigne vnto king Richard all +that he could demand in the countie of Engeulesme, and should restore +vnto him the counties of Albemarle and Augie, with the castell of Arkes, +and all other castels which he had taken in Normandie, or in any partie +during these last warres. But there was a respit taken for the full +concluding and assuring of these conditions, till the octaues of All +saints, that king Richard might vnderstand the emperours pleasure, +without whose consent he might not conclude any thing concerning that +matter, bicause he had sent such word vnto him by the lord chancellour, +who at this time was attendant in his court.</p> + +<p>In the meane time, the emperour being aduertised of the whole matter, +and of the articles afore mentioned, gaue knowledge to king Richard by +the bishop of Elie at his returning backe, that this forme of peace +nothing liked him, but rather made directlie to his discontentment: the +which least he might séeme to saie without sufficient ground of reason, +he alledged, that it should sound to king Richards dishonour, if he +surrendred and gaue vp anie thing that he had not in possession. And to +<span class="rightnote">The emperor dissuadeth the king from agréeing to the peace.</span> +encourage him to recouer those things which had beene taken from him, +the emperour pardoned him of the seauentéene thousand marks of siluer, +which yet remained behind due to him for the kings ransome. Howsoeuer +the matter passed, the two kings met not in the octaues of All saints, +according to the appointment, although they were come, and approched +verie néere to the place where they should haue communed togither: but +through the dissimulation of the Frenchmen, they departed, without +seeing one an other, and immediatlie began the warre as fiercelie as at +anie time before.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The warre is begun afresh.</span> +The French king tooke the towne of Diep, which king Richard had latelie +repared, and burned it, with the ships that harbored in the hauen: after +this, commming to Isoldun, he wan the towne and besieged the castell. +<span class="rightnote">The hast which king Richard made.</span> +But king Richard aduertised thereof, came with quicke spéed (making of +thrée daies iournie but one) and entred into the castell of Isoldun to +defend the same against his aduersaries: and foorthwith there resorted +such numbers of men vnto him, when they heard how he was besieged, that +the French king doubting how to retire from thence in safetie, made suit +first to haue licence to depart, and after when that would not be +granted, he required at the leastwise to talke with the king of England +about some agréement.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The 2 kings againe talke togither of peace.</span> +Wherevnto king Richard condescended, and so comming togither, they +concluded vpon a truce to indure from that daie, being saturdaie next +after the feast of saint Nicholas, vnto the feast of saint Hilarie next +insuing, and then to méet againe néere vnto Louiers with their councels, +that they might grow by some reasonable way vnto a finall peace and +concord. And according to this article, shortlie after the same feast of +<span class="yearnote">1196.</span> +S. Hilarie, they met at Louiers, where finallie they were accorded to +conclude a peace on these conditions, that the French king should +<span class="rightnote">The conditions of peace concluded betwixt the two kings. +<i>Matth. Paris.</i> <i>Matth. West.</i></span> +release to the king of England Isoldun, with the countrie about, woon by +him sith the beginning of these wars; likewise, all the right which he +had in Berrie, Auuergine, and Gascoigne, and the countie of Albemarle. +On the other part, the king of England should resigne Gisors, and +certeine other places, and namelie Veuxine or Veulquesine vnto the king +of France.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. West.</i> <i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +Herevpon were suerties also bound for performance, and the forfeiture of +fiftéene thousand marks assigned to be paid by the partie that first +brake the peace. Shortlie after, the French king repenting him selfe of +the agreement, began to make a warre anew, so that king Richard seized +into his hands all the goods and<a name="FNanchor_6_15" id="FNanchor_6_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a> possessions which belonged to the +abbats of the order of the great monasterie of Clunie, and of saint +Denise & la Charitie, which had become suertie for the French king in +<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog. Houed.</i> The earle of Albemarle departed +this life.</span> +the summe of 1500 marks aforesaid. This yeare died William de Forz earle +of Albemarle, in whose place succéeded Baldwine de Betun by the kings +gift, and married the countesse of Albermarle.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Otho sonne to the duke of Saxonie.</span> +There was a motion also made for a marriage betwixt the lord Otho, sonne +to Henrie duke of Saxonie, king Richards nephue by his sister, and the +ladie Margaret, daughter to +<a name="Page_258" id="Page_258" ></a><span class="pagenum">[258]</span> +the king of Scots, so as they should haue +inioied the countries of Lothian, Northumberland, and the countie of +<span class="rightnote">Lawnes.</span> +Caerleill with the castels. For the conclusion of which marriage, the +archbishop of Canturburie was sent about Christmas to commune with the +king of Scots: but bicause the Scotish quéene was then conceiued of +child, hir husband (in hope that God would send him a sonne) refused to +stand vnto the aboue mentioned couenants.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Paruus.</i> <i>Ran. Higd.</i> The abbat of Caen sent into +England.</span> +At this time king Richard sent the abbat of Caen (who was also the elect +of Durham) into England, to take an accompts of those that had the +receipts of the kings monie: for this abbat had informed the king, that +his receiuers and officers here in the realme dealt not iustlie in +making their accompts, but both deceiued the king, and oppressed his +people, in exacting more than was due, +<span class="rightnote">Fraudulent dealing in officers.</span> +and concealing that which they +ought to stand accomptable for. The king supposing his words to be true, +or at least likelie so to be, and that in reforming such vntruth in his +officers, it should be both profitable to him, and well liked of the +people, sent this abbat ouer with commission, to be as it were his +generall auditour.</p> + +<p>Howbeit, Hubert archbishop of Canturburie, which was gouernour of the +realme in causes both temporall and spirituall (by reason he had the +kings authorise as his vicegerent, & therefore sufficientlie +countenanced, & also the popes as his legat authorised) did somewhat +stomach the matter, in that it should be thought he did suffer such +abuses in the kings officers, and not reforme them. But he held him +content and said little, sith the abbat shewed him the kings commission +to doo that which he went about, although he brought it not to passe. +For whereas he came ouer in lent, and gaue out commandements, that all +such as had any thing to doo in receipt of the kings monie, should +appeare before him after Easter, he tarried not to see Easter himselfe, +but was called into another world by the stroke of death, there to +render accompts for his owne acts here in this life committed.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Fabian.</i> <i>Wil. Paruus.</i> <i>Matt. Paris.</i> <i>Ran. Higd.</i> William +Fitz Osbert.</span> +At the same time there was another person in London called William with +the long beard, (aliàs Fitz Osbert) which had likewise informed the king +of certeine great oppressions and excessiue outrages vsed by rich men +against the poore (namelie the worshipfull of the citie, the Maior and +Aldermen) who in their hoistings, when any tallage was to be gathered, +<span class="rightnote">The foule disorder in the citizens of London.</span> +burdened the poore further than was thought reason, to ease themselues; +wherevpon<a name="FNanchor_6_16" id="FNanchor_6_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a> the said William being a seditious person, and of a busie +nature, ceassed not to make complaints. Now bicause the king gaue eare +vnto him at the first, he tooke a boldnesse thereof, & drawing vnto him +great routs of the poorer sort of people, would take vpon him to defend +the causes of those that found themselues greeued with the heauie yoke +of richmen and gentlemen. He was somewhat learned, and verie eloquent: +he had also a verie good wit, but he applied it rather to set dissention +betwixt the high estates and the low, than to anie other good purpose. +He accused also his owne brother of treason, who in his youth had kept +<span class="rightnote">The vnnaturall ingratitude of Fitz Osbert.</span> +him to schoole, & beene verie good and beneficiall brother vnto him, +bicause now he would not still mainteine him with monie to beare out his +riottous port. Moreouer, he declared to the king, that by extortion and +briberie of certeine men of great wealth, he lost manie forfeits and +escheats.</p> + +<p>Manie gentlemen of honour sore hated him for his presumptuous attempts +to the hindering of their purposes: but he had such comfort of the king, +that he little passed for their malice, but kept on his intent, till the +king being aduertised of the assemblies which he made, commanded him to +ceasse from such dooings, that the people might fall againe to their +sciences and occupations, which they had for the more part left off, at +the instigation of this William with the long beard, so named of the +<span class="rightnote">Why he ware his long berd. <i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +long heare of his beard, which he nourished of purpose to seeme the more +graue and manlike, and also as it were in despite of them which +counterfeited the Normans (that were for the most part shauen) and +bicause he would resemble the ancient vsage of the English nation. The +<span class="rightnote"><i>Fabian.</i></span> +kings commandement in restraint of the peoples resort vnto him, was well +kept a while, but it was not long yer they began to follow him againe as +they had doone before.</p> + +<p> +<a name="Page_259" id="Page_259" ></a><span class="pagenum">[259]</span> +Then he tooke vpon him to make vnto them certeine collations or sermons, +taking for his theme, Haurietis aquas in gaudio de fontibus saluatoris, +<span class="rightnote">His oration to the people.</span> +that is to saie: Ye shall draw in gladnesse waters out of the founteins +of your sauiour. And hereto he added, "I am (said he) the sauiour of +poore men; ye be the poore, and haue assaied the hard hands and heauie +burdens of the rich: now draw ye therefore the healthfull waters of +vnderstanding out of my wels and springs, and that with ioy. For the +time of your visitation is come: I shall part waters from waters, by +waters I vnderstand the people, and I shall part the people which are +good and méeke, from the people that are wicked and proud, and I shall +disseuer the good and euill, euen as light is diuided from darknesse."</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ger. Dor.</i></span> +By these and such persuasions and means as he vsed, he had gotten two +and fiftie thousand persons, readie to haue taken his part, as appeared +after by a roll of their names found in his kéeping, besides diuerse +instruments of iron to breake vp houses, and other things seruing to +such like purposes. So that he brought the commoners into a great liking +of him: but the rich and wealthie citizens stood in much feare, so that +they kept their houses, in armes, in doubt to be robbed and murthred by +him in the night season.</p> + +<p>The archbishop of Canturburie (vnto whome the rule of the realme +chéefelie belonged) being aduertised hereof, sent for the greatest +number of the citizens, and vsing them with gentle words, persuaded them +to deliuer pledges, the better to assure him, that no such thing should +chance, which was suspected of manie, though he was loth to conceiue any +such opinion of them. They being ouercome with his courteous words, gaue +vnto him pledges.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">He is called before the archbishop of Canturburie lord chéefe +iustice or president of the realme.</span> +After this, when the foresaid William ceased not to make congregations +of the people, at length the archbishop sent a commandement vnto him, +that he should appeare before him and other of the councell, at a +certeine prefixed daie, to answer to such things as might be laid to his +charge. To be short, he did so at the time appointed, but with such a +rout of the common people about him, that the archbishop durst not +pronounce against him, but licenced him to depart for that time, giuing +him soft and gentle words. Howbeit, certeine persons were then appointed +by the said archbishop and other of the councell to watch him sometime, +when he should haue no great companie about him, and then to apprehend +him.</p> + +<p>Amongst those that were thus commanded to attach him, were two burgesses +of the citie, who hauing espied a conuenient time for the execution of +their purpose, set vpon him to haue take him, but he getting an ax, +defended himselfe manfullie: and in resisting slue one of them, and +<span class="rightnote">He fléeth into the church of S. Marie Bow.</span> +after that fled into the church of S. Marie Bow, kéeping the same not as +a place of sanctuarie, but as a fortresse: in somuch that by the help of +such as resorted vnto him, he defended it against his aduersaries, till +with fire and smoke they constreined him to come foorth, and all those +<span class="rightnote">His concubine.</span> +that were there with him: amongst them also was his concubine, who neuer +left him for any danger that might betide him.</p> + +<p>The people regarding the danger of their pledges, came not out to aid +him, as it was much doubted they would haue doone. Wherefore being thus +attached, he was brought foorth, and comming out of the church, the +sonne of that burgesse whome he had slaine (as you haue heard) strake +him verie sore into the bellie with a knife, in reuenge of his fathers +death. After this, he was had to his arraignment before the archbishop, +sitting within the towre, and being condemned, was from thence drawne +with horsses to the place of execution called the Elmes, and there +<span class="rightnote">He is executed.<br /> +<i>Wil. Paruus.</i> <i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +hanged on a gibet, with nine of his adherents, which had defended the +church against the kings power: and yet for all this, the grudge ceassed +not, but the common people raised a great slander vpon the archbishop, +both for causing him to be taken out of the church, where he claimed +<span class="rightnote">The archbishop of Canturburie is euill spokē of for y<sup>e</sup> +death of William Fitz Osbert.</span> +priuilege of sanctuarie, and also for putting him to death, who was +innocent (as they alledged) and not giltie of those crimes that were +laid against him: who sought onelie the defense of poore people against +extortioners, and such as were wrong dooers.</p> + +<p> +<a name="Page_260" id="Page_260" ></a><span class="pagenum">[260]</span> +This rumor rose so fast, that at length (by bruting abroad, that +certeine miracles should be wrought by a chaine, wherein he was bound in +<span class="rightnote">An old whormonger, and a new saint.</span> +time of his imprisonment) he was taken for a saint. The place also where +he suffered, was visited by women, and other superstitious folks, as a +plot of great holinesse, till at length the archbishop caused it to be +watched, to the end that no such foolishnesse should be vsed there. In +fine, the opinion which the people had thus fondlie conceiued of his +vertue and innocencie, was by little and little remooued out of their +heads, when his acts were more certeinelie published: as the sleaing of +a man with his owne hands, and the vsing of his concubine within Bowe +church, during the time of his being there. Also the archbishop accursed +a préest, which had first brought vp the false report and fained fable +of the miracle wrought by the chaine, whereby the occasion of idolatrie +was first giuen, and might easilie haue béene continued, if the +archbishop had not béene the wiser man, and by such means repressed the +rumour. ¶ So that we are to note by this example the force of +counterfeit holinesse and feigned harmelesnesse in hypocrits,</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i3">—— qui pelle sub agni<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Vipereum celant virus morésq; luporum;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Et stolidos ficta virtutis imagine fallunt.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>But now to return vnto the dooings of king Richard in France. Ye haue +heard how a peace was concluded (as some haue written) but the same +continued not long: for the French king séeming to repent himselfe of +that he had doone (as is aforesaid) brake the peace, and raising a +power, besieged Albemarle; at length wan it, and raced it downe to the +ground, then king Richard gaue vnto him thrée thousand marks of siluer +for the ransome of his knights and yeomen, or demilances (as I may call +them) that were taken in that fortresse. After this, the French king wan +Nouencourt, and earle John tooke the castell of Gamages.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The erledome of Poictou.</span> +About the same time also king Richard gaue vnto his nephue Otho the +earledome of Poictou. Which I haue thought good to note out of Roger +Houeden, to remooue the doubt of Iohn Bouchet, +<span class="rightnote">John Bouchet his dout.</span> +who in the third part of +his annales of Aquitaine, maruelleth at an old panchart or record which +he had séene, by the tenour whereof it appeared, that this Otho +intituled himselfe duke of Aquitaine and earle of Poictou, being in his +castell of Monstereulbonin neere to Poictiers, in the yeare a thousand, +one hundreth, ninetie nine, in presence of Geffrey de Lusignen, and +others, and granted vnto a certeine person the office of cutting the +monie in the mint of that towne, as by the same panchart it further +appeareth.</p> + +<p>The sight whereof brought the said Bouchet into a great perplexitie, +considering that no chronicle which he had either seene, or heard of, +made mention of any Otho that shuld be duke of Aquitaine, or erle of +Poictou, either before that time, or after. Where againe it was euident +to him, that queene Elianor the mother of king Richard, as then liuing, +named hir selfe dutchesse of Aquitaine, and countesse of Poictou; & +likewise king Richard intituled himselfe duke of Aquitaine, and earle of +Poictou, euer after he had fianced the earle of Barcelons daughter, as +by diuerse records both of the mother and the sonne he had séene perfect +notice. At length yet he gesseth (and that trulie) that it should be +this Otho, to whom the mother and sonne had assigned the dutchie of +Aquitaine and countie of Poictou, for the maintenance of his estate, he +holding the same till the yeare 1199, in the which he was made emperour +by king Richards good helpe, as after shall be shewed more at large.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Ranulph erle of Chester tooke his wife the dutchesse of +Britaine prisoner.</span> +About this time also as the countesse of Britaine, the mother of duke +Arthur came into Normandie to haue spoken with king Richard, Ranulph +earle of Chester hir husband meeting hir at Pountourson, tooke hir as +prisoner, and shut hir vp within his castell at S. James de Beumeron: +and when hir sonne Arthur could not find means to deliuer hir out of +captiuitie, he ioined with the king of France, and made great hauocke in +the lands +<a name="Page_261" id="Page_261" ></a><span class="pagenum">[261]</span> +of his vncle king Richard, wherevpon the king gathered a +mightie armie, and inuading Britaine with great force, cruellie wasted +and destroied the countrie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">A dearth.</span> +Here is also to be noted, that in this seuenth yeare of king Richard, a +great dearth chanced through this realme of England, and in the coasts +about the same. Also about the same time died William earle of +<span class="rightnote">The death of the earle of Salisburie.</span> +Salisburie, the sonne of earle Patrike, whose daughter and heire king +Richard gaue in marriage, togither with the earledome of Salisburie, +vnto his base brother, surnamed Long Espée.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>R. Houed.</i> <i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +It chanced moreouer about the same time, that earle John the kings +brother, with certeine capteins of such hired souldiors as some call +Brabanceni; others, the Routs; and the French histories name them +Costereaux, or Coterels, went abroad to atchiue some enterprise against +the bishop of Beauuois, and other Frenchmen, which had doone much hurt +to king Richards subiects in those parties. The chéefe leaders of those +Routs or Costereaux, which went foorth with earle John, and serued vnder +<span class="rightnote">Marchades & Lupescaro.</span> +him at that time, were two Prouancois, Marchades & Lupescaro. These +riding foorth into the countrie about Beauuois made hauocke in robbing +and spoiling all afore them.</p> + +<p>Anon as Philip the bishop of Beauuois, a man more giuen to the campe +than to the church, had knowledge hereof, thinking them to be a méet +preie for him, with sir William de Merlow and his sonne, and a great +number of other valiant men of warre, came foorth into the fields, and +encountring with the enimies, fought verie stoutlie. But yet in the end +<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Beauuois taken prisoner.</span> +the bishop, the archdeacon, and all the chéefe capteins were taken: the +residue slaine and chased. After this, earle John and the foresaid +capteins passed foorth, and wan the towne of Millie, and so returned.</p> + +<p>Earle John and Marchades presented the two prelats with great triumph +vnto K. Richard earlie in the morning, lieng yet in his bed; as those +that were knowne to be his great enimies, saieng to him in French; "Rise +Richard, rise, we haue gotten the great chantour of Beauuois, and a good +quier man (as we take it) to answer him in the same note, and here we +deliuer them vnto you to vse at your discretion." The king séeing them, +smiled, and was verie glad for the taking of this bishop, for that he +had euer found him his great aduersarie: and therefore being thus taken +fighting in the field with armour on his backe, thought he might be bold +in temporall wise to chastise him: sith he (not regarding his calling) +practised to molest him with temporall weapons: wherevpon he committed +him to close prison all armed as he was.</p> + +<p>It chanced soone after, that two of his chaplins came vnto the king to +Rouen, where this bishop was deteined, beseeching the king of licence to +attend vpon their maister now in captiuitie: vnto whome (as it is of +some reported) the king made this answer; "I am content to make you +iudges in the cause betwixt me and your maister, as for the euils which +he hath either doone, either else gone about to doo vnto me, let the +same be forgotten. This is true, that I being taken as I returned from +my iournie made into the holie land, and deliuered into the emperours +hands, was in respect of my kinglie state, vsed according therevnto +verie fréendlie and honourablie, till your maister comming thither (for +what purpose he himselfe best knoweth) had long conference with the +emperour. After which, I for my part in the next morning tasted the +fruit of their ouernights talke, being then loden with as manie irons as +a good asse might not verie easilie haue borne. Iudge you therefore, +what maner of imprisonment your maister deserued at my hands, that +procured such ease for me at the emperours hands."</p> + +<p>The two chaplins had their mouths stopped with these words thus by the +king vttered, and so departed their waies. The bishop being still +deteined in prison, procured suit to be made to the pope for his +deliuerance: but the pope, being truelie informed of the matter, and +wiselie considering that the king had not taken the bishop preaching, +but fighting, and kept him prisoner rather as a rough enimie, than as a +peaceable prelat, would not be earnest with the king for his +deliuerance, but rather reprooued the bishop, in that he had preferred +secular warfare before the spirituall, and had taken vpon him the +<a name="Page_262" id="Page_262" ></a><span class="pagenum">[262]</span> +vse +of a speare in stéed of a crosier, an helmet in steed of a miter, an +herbergeon in stéed of a white rochet, a target for a stoale, and an +iron sword in lieu of the spirituall sword: and therefore he refused to +vse any commandement to king Richard for the setting of him at libertie. +But yet he promised to doo what he could by waie of intreating that he +might be released.</p> + +<p>It is reported by some writers, that the pope at first, not +vnderstanding the truth of the whole circumstance, should send to king +Richard, commanding him by force of the canons of the church to deliuer +his sons the bishop and archdeacon out of their captiuitie. To whom the +king sent their armour with this message written in Latine, "Vide an +<span class="rightnote"><i>Genes. 37.</i></span> +tunica filij tui sit an non," that is, "See whether these are the +garments of thy sonnes or not:" alluding to the saieng of those that +caried Josephs coate to Jacob. Which when the pope saw, he said: "Naie +by S. Peter, it is neither the apparell of my sonnes, nor yet of my +brethren: but rather they are the vestures of the children of Mars:" and +so he left them still to be ransomed at the kings pleasure. The bishop +thus séeing no hope to be deliuered without some agréement had betwixt +the two kings, became now through irkesomenesse of his bonds, an earnest +mediatour for peace, whereas before he had beene an extreme stirrer vp +of war. Such a schoolemaister is imprisonment, & plucker downe of loftie +courages. But to proceed.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 8.</span> +About the same time the archbishop of Rouen put all the countrie of +Normandie vnder sentence of interdiction, bicause king Richard had begun +<span class="rightnote">Normandie interdicted by y<sup>e</sup> archbishop of Rouen.</span> +to fortifie a castell at Lisle Dandelie, vpon a péece of ground which +the archbishop claimed to apperteine vnto his sée. The matter was +brought before the pope, who perceiuing the intent of king Richard was +not otherwise grounded vpon any couetous purpose to defraud the church +of hir right, but onelie to build a fortresse in such place as was most +expedient for defense of the countrie about, to preserue it from +inuasion of the enimies; he counselled the archbishop not to stand +against the king in it, but to exchange with him for some other lands: +which was doone, and the interdiction by the pope released. The bishop +<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Elie departed this life.</span> +of Elie lord chancellour, being sent about this businesse towards Rome, +departed this life by the way at Poictiers, in Januarie.</p> + +<p>But the bishops of Durham & Lisieux that were sent with him, passed +forward, and comming to Rome, informed the pope of the matter, who tooke +order with the bishops (as before is mentioned.) The king gaue to the +church in Rouen in recompense, his milles which he had in Rouen, so that +the said church should paie the almes of old time appointed to be giuen +for the same. He gaue to the said church likewise the towne of Diepe, +and the towne of Bussels, so that the church should likewise paie the +almes assigned foorth of the same, being the summe of 372 pounds of +Aniouine monie: also the manour of Louers, and the forrest of Alermound +with the deere and the appurtenances. But now to other dooings.</p> + +<p>About the same time, or not long before, whereas there had beene long +<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog. Houed.</i> The king and the earle of Tholouse agréed.</span> +contention betwixt the kings of England, and the earles of S. Giles for +the earldome of Tholouse, king Richard by way of aliance fell now at an +appointment with the earle Raimond that held those lands; for whereas +the countesse Constance wife to the said Raimond earle of Tholouse and +aunt to king Philip was now departed this life, king Richard concluded a +mariage betweene the said earle and his sister Joane quéene of Sicile, +sometime wife to William king of Sicile, so that being thus ioined in +aliance with the said earle of Tholouse on the one side, he procured a +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matt. Paris.</i> The earle of Flanders alied with K. Richard. +<i>Iacob. Meir.</i> <i>Les annales de France.</i></span> +league also with Baldwine earle of Flanders on the other, vnto whom he +gaue fiue thousand markes in reward, vpon condition, that he should +couenant not to grow to any agréement with the French king without his +consent. Likewise Reginold the earle of Bolongne, that was sonne to +earle of Chateau Marline, alied himselfe with them against the French +king, and so did Baldwine earle of Guines with diuerse other.</p> + +<p>Thus King Richard by such aliance hauing his part greatlie strengthened, +prepared +<a name="Page_263" id="Page_263" ></a><span class="pagenum">[263]</span> +himselfe to the warre more earnestlie than before, and tooke +order with the earle of Flanders, that they should inuade the French +dominions in two seuerall quarters both at one time, as the earle by +Flanders, & he himselfe by Normandie, according to the appointment +<span class="rightnote"><i>Iacob. Meir.</i> <i>Wil. Paruus.</i> Towns won by the earle of +Flanders.</span> +betwixt them deuised. The earle preparing an armie, first wan the towne +of Dowaie, and then besieged saint Omers, and wan it after fiue weekes +siege: wherevpon they of Aire yeelded to him; shortlie after he entred +into Artois, & besieged the citie of Arras.</p> + +<p>At the same time king Richard marching towards Gisors, wan in his waie +<span class="rightnote">Gisors besieged.</span> +the castell of Corselles, & destroied it; that doone, he came to Gisors, +and besieged the towne, wasting all the countrie round about him where +he came. The French king being thus troubled with the inuasion of his +enimies in two seuerall places at one present time, sent certeine bands +of his souldiors towards Arras to kéepe the earle of Flanders plaie, +whilest he himselfe went against king Richard: and comming vnto Gisors, +found it streictlie besieged of the same king, so that he wist not well +how to enter the towne. But yet at length faigning to giue battell to +king Richard (who vpon desire to receiue it, came abroad into the field) +the French king rushed foorth with all his whole force to make towards +<span class="rightnote">The French king entreth into Gisors.</span> +the towne, & so got into it, though not without great losse and damage +of his people.</p> + +<p>King Richard not meaning to breake vp his siege from before the towne, +(notwithstanding the French king had entred it) staied a certeine time +of purpose to win it, knowing the gaine to be the greater, and his name +more famous, if he might atchiue his purpose, now that his aduersarie +<span class="rightnote">K. Richard raiseth his siege.</span> +was within it, but when he saw it would not be, he raised his siege, and +departed towards Cleremont, spoiling all the countrie by his forrais as +he went, so that he wan great pillage, wherewith his souldiers were +loden and made verie rich.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Hugh de Cheaumount taken prisoner.</span> +It chanced, that in a skirmish Hugh de Chaumount was taken prisoner, one +that was of the French kings priuie councell; and king Richard appointed +him to the kéeping of Robert Ros, who charged one of his seruants named +William de Spinie with the custodie of him. But the said Hugh corrupting +his kéeper the foresaid William with rewards, (whereof it is said,</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ouid. in 3. Art. am. ep. 16.</i></span> +<span class="i3">—— acceptissima semper<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Munera sunt, author quæ pretiosa facit)<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p class="nogap"> +<span class="rightnote">Robert Rosse put to his fine for an escape.</span> +escaped out of the castell of Bonneuille, where he was within ward, to +the great displeasure of king Richard, who caused Robert Ros to paie for +a fine, the summe of twelue hundred marks, which the prisoner should +haue paied for his ransome: and further, commanded William de Spinie to +be hanged for his disloiall dealing.</p> + +<p>King Philip, after that the king of England was remooued from Gisors (as +before yée haue heard) assembled a great host, and with banner +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +displaied, entred into Normandie, and wasted the countrie from Newburge +to Beaumont le Rogier, and that doone, returned into France, licencing +<span class="rightnote"><i>Nic. Treuet.</i> The French kings request for a combat.</span> +his men to returne vnto their homes. About the same time, he sent vnto +king Richard, requiring him to appoint fiue champions, and he would +appoint other fiue for his part, which might fight in lists, for triall +of all matters in controuersie betwixt them, so to auoid the shedding of +<span class="rightnote">K. Richards answer.</span> +more giltlesse bloud. King Richard accepted the offer, with condition, +that either king might be of the number, that is, the French king one of +the fiue vpon the French part; & K. Richard one of the fiue vpon the +English part. But this condition would not be granted. Herevpon when +<span class="yearnote">1197.</span> +shortlie after it was signified to king Richard, that ships vsed to come +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +out of England to saint Valerie with victuals, which were sold and +conueied awaie vnto the French K and other his enimies, he rode to saint +Valeries, and set the towne on fire, and such ships of England as he +<span class="rightnote">Ships burnt, and mariners hanged.</span> +found there he also burnt, and hanged the mariners by the necke, +diuiding the graine and other victuals which were found in the same +ships amongst his owne souldiors.</p> + +<p> +<a name="Page_264" id="Page_264" ></a><span class="pagenum">[264]</span> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Les annales de France.</i></span> +About the same time he got the fauour of them of Champaigne and of the +Britons, and William Crespine also was constreined to deliuer vnto him +the castell of Auge, but the French king recouered it by siege, whilest +king Richard entring into Aluergne wan diuerse castels there, to the +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 9.</span> +number of ten out of king Philips hands. In the meane time the earle of +Flanders made sore war against the French king for his part, and +training the same king within streits, so that he was almost inclosed on +ech side, he constreined him to agrée to such composition as pleased the +same earle to appoint, but afterwards the French king refused to stand +to the couenants of that agréement, and so the warre continued betwixt +them as before.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>R. Houed.</i> One yeare & 4 moneths saith <i>Wil. Paruus.</i></span> +At length king Richard and the French king concluded vpon an abstinence +of warre to indure from the feast of S. Hilarie for one whole yere, +purposing in the meane time to make a finall peace and agréement. In +which season Baldwine earle of Flanders came into England to doo his +deuotions vnto the shrine where Thomas the archbishop laie buried at +Canturburie. The same yeare also somewhat before this time, Rise ap +<span class="rightnote">Griffin king of Wales departed this life.</span> +Griffin king of Wales departed this life, after whose death there fell +discord betwixt his sonnes for the succession, till the archbishop +Hubert went to the marshes of that countrie and made an agréement +betwixt them. Not long after, Roger the brother of Robert earle of +Leicester, elected bishop of saint Andrews in Scotland, receiued the +order of préesthood, and was consecrated bishop by the hands of the +bishop of Aberdine.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Weights and measures.</span> +This yeare it was ordeined that measures of all manner of graine should +conteine one quantitie throughout the realme, that is to saie, one +resonable horsselode, and that the measures of wine and ale with all +maner of liquors should be of one iust quantie according to the +diuersitie of the liquor: also that weights should be of like rate +throughout the relme, and that cloth should conteine two yards in +breadth within the lists, of perfect goodnesse throughout, as well in +the middest as by the sides, and that one manner of yard should be vsed +through the relme. It was also ordeined that no merchants within the +realme should hang any red or blacke clothes before their windowes, nor +set vp any pentises or other thing whereby to darken the light from +those that came to buy their cloth, so as they might be deceiued in +choosing thereof.</p> + +<p>Also it was enacted that there should be foure or six substantiall +honest men chosen in euerie towne, and likewise in shires, with the head +officers of cities and boroughes, which had a corporation, to see that +the assises aforesaid were truelie kept, and that if anie were found to +be offending in the premisses, to cause their bodies to be attached and +commited to prison, and their goods to be seized to the kings vse: and +if those that were chosen to haue regard thereto, were tried to be +negligent, so that by others, and not by them any offenders chanced to +be conuicted before the iustices, then should the regarders be put to +their fines, for the negligent looking to their offices.</p> + +<p>King Richard held his Christmasse this yeare at Roan, and Hubert the +<span class="yearnote">1198.</span> +archbishop of Canturburie legat of the apostolike sée, named lord chéefe +Justice of England, was about the same time in the marshes of Wales at +Hereford, and there receiued into his hands the castels of Hereford, +Bridgenorth and Ludlow, remoouing those that had the same in kéeping, +and appointing others in their roomes. Afterwards comming by Couentrie, +<span class="rightnote">Moonks placed againe in the church of Couentrie.</span> +he placed the moonks againe in the cathedrall church of that citie, by +commandement of pope Celestine, and chased out the secular canons, which +the bishop Hugh Nouant had brought into the same church when he remooued +the moonks.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Messengers from the stats of Germanie.</span> +In the Christmasse wéeke also there came messengers to Rouen from the +archbishops of Cullen and Mentz, and from other states of the empire, +which declared vnto king Richard, that all the princes of Germanie were +appointed to assemble at Cullen, the two & twentith of Februarie, about +the choosing of a new emperour, in place of the late deceassed Henrie: +and therefore they commanded him by force of the oth and league in which +he was bound to the emperour and empire, that all excuse of deniall or +occasions to the contrarie ceasing and set apart, he should make his +repaire vnto Cullen at the aforesaid day, to helpe them in choosing of +some worthie personage that might and was +<a name="Page_265" id="Page_265" ></a><span class="pagenum">[265]</span> +able to haue the empire. King +Richard doubting to put himselfe in danger, bicause he had not +discharged all the debts due for his ransome, staied at home, but yet he +sent diuerse noble men thither, and did so much in fauour of his nephue +Otho, that by the helpe of the foresaid two archbishops of Cullen and +Mentz, the same Otho was elected emperour. But of this matter more shall +be said hereafter.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Three hundred knights of men of armes to be found.</span> +Moreouer, about the same time king Richard required by the archbishop of +Canturburie his chéefe iustice, an aid of 300 knights to be found by his +subiects of England, to remaine with him in his seruice for one whole +yeare, or else that they would giue him so much monie, as might serue to +reteine that number after the rate of thrée shillings a daie of English +monie for euerie knight. Whereas all other were contented to be +<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Lincolne.</span> +contributors herein, onelie Hugh bishop of Lincolne refused, and spake +sore against the archbishop that moued the matter. But how soeuer that +request tooke place, king Richard (as we find) leuied this yeare a +subsidie of fiue shillings of euerie hide of land within the realme, two +commissioners, that is to say, one of the spiritualtie, & a knight of +the temporaltie, being appointed as commissioners in euerie shire, with +the assistance of the shiriffe, and others, to sée the same assessed & +rated after an hundred acres of land to the hide of land, according to +the custome.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The moonks of Christes church send to the pope, complaining +of their archbishop.</span> +The same yeare also the moonks of the house of the holie Trinitie, +otherwise called Christes church in Canturburie, exhibited their +complaint vnto pope Innocent, that their archbishop Hubert (contrarie to +his order and dignitie) exercised the office of high iustice, and sate +in iudgement of bloud, being so incumbred in temporall matters, that he +could not haue time to discharge his office touching spirituall causes: +<span class="rightnote">The pope sendeth to the king.</span> +wherevpon the pope sent vnto king Richard, admonishing him not to suffer +the said archbishop to be any longer troubled with temporall affaires, +but to discharge him thereof, and not to admit any spirituall person +from thencefoorth vnto any temporall administration.</p> + +<p>He further prohibited by vertue of their obedience, all manner of +prelats and men of the church, that they should not presume rashlie to +take vpon them any maner of secular function or office. Whervpon the +archbishop was discharged of his office of chéefe iustice, and Geffrey +Fitz Peter succéeded in gouernement of the realme in his stéed. ¶ +Geruasius Dorobernensis saith, that the archbishop resigned that office +of his owne accord, and that not till after his returne from the marshes +of Wales, where he had ouerthrowne the Welshmen, and slaine fiue +thousand of them. Which victorie other ascribe vnto Geffrey Fitz Peter, +which Geffrey (as the said Dorobernensis saith) succeeded the archbishop +in the office of lord cheefe iustice, but not vntill August, in the +tenth yeare of the kings reigne.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 10.</span> +In this yeare, immediatlie vpon the expiring of the truce which was +taken till haruest might be ended, the warre betwixt the two kings of +England & France began eftsoones to be pursued with like earnestnesse as +before: wherevpon manie encounters chanced betwixt the parties, with +taking of townes and fortresses, as commonlie in such cases it +happeneth. Twise the French king was put to the worsse, once in +September betwixt Gamages and Vernon, where he was driuen to saue +himselfe by flight, loosing twentie knights, and thréescore seruitors or +yomen, which were taken, besides those that were slaine: and againe, in +the same moneth on Michaelmasse euen betwixt Curseilles and Gisors, at +what time he came to succour Curseilles, bringing with him 400 knights, +besides seruitors, and a great multitude of commons. But the castell was +woone before he could approch it.</p> + +<p>King Richard being aduertised of his comming, hasted foorth to méet him, +and giuing the onset vpon him, forced him to flée vnto Gisors, where at +the entring of the bridge there was such preasse, that the bridge brake, +so that amongst other, the king himselfe with his horsse and all fell +<span class="rightnote">King Philip almost drowned.</span> +into the riuer of Geth, and with much adoo was releeued, and got out of +the water, no small number of right hardie and valiant gentlemen being +taken at the same time, which put themselues forward to staie the +Englishmen, till the king was recouered +<a name="Page_266" id="Page_266" ></a><span class="pagenum">[266]</span> +out of the present danger. To +conclude, there were taken to the number of an hundred knights, and two +<span class="rightnote">Seuen score saith <i>R. Houed.</i> <i>Matth. Paris.</i> <i>R. Houed.</i></span> +hundred barded horsses, besides seruitors on horssebacke, and footmen +with crossebowes. Amongst other prisoners these are named, Matthew de +Montmorancie, Gales de Ports, Iollen de Bray, and manie other also +innumerable. King Richard hauing got this victorie, wrote letters +thereof vnto the archbishops, bishops, abbats, earles and barons of his +realme, that they might praise God for his good successe.</p> + +<p>¶ A notable example to all princes that haue the conquest ouer their +enimies, to referre the happie getting thereof to God, and to giue +praise vnto him who giueth victorie vnto whom it pleaseth him. Which the +Psalmograph saw verie well, and therefore ascribed all the issue of his +prosperous affaires to God, as may well be noted by his words, saieng +expresselie,</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Eob. Hess. in Psal. 144.</i></span> +<span class="i6">—— ab illo<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Munior, hic instar turris & arcis erat,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Dura manus in bella meas qui format & armat,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Ad fera qui digitos instruit arma meos.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>Now will we staie the proceedings of the king of France at this time, +and make no further relation thereof for a while, till we haue touched +other things that happened in England at the same season. And first ye +shall vnderstand, that Hugh Bardolfe, Roger Arundell, and Geffrey +Hachet, to whom as iustices, the counties of Lincolne, Notingham, Yorke, +Derbie, Northumberland, Westmerland, Cumberland, and Lancaster were +appointed for circuits, held not onelie plées of assises, and of the +<span class="rightnote">Inquisitions taken.</span> +crowne, but also tooke inquisitions of escheats, and forfaitures of all +maner of transgressions, and of donations of benefices, of marriages of +widowes and maids, and other such like things as apperteined to the +king, whereby any aduantages grew to his vse, the which for tediousnesse +we passe ouer. These things were streightlie looked vnto, not without +the disquieting of manie.</p> + +<p>Herewith came an other trouble in the necke of this former, to diuerse +persons within the realme, through inquiries taken by the iustices of +the forrests: for Hugh Neuille, Hugh Waley, and Heruisius Neuill, +appointed iustices itinerants in that case, were commanded by the king +to call before them archbishops, bishops, earles, barons, knights, and +fréeholders, with the reeue, and foure of the substantiall men of euerie +<span class="rightnote">Ordinances of forrests.</span> +towne or village, to heare and take knowledge of the kings commandement, +touching the ordinances of forrests, the which were verie straight in +sundrie points, so that whereas before those that offended in killing of +the kings deere were punished by the purse, now they should loose their +eies and genitals, as the lawe was in the daies of king Henrie his +grandfather: and those that offended in cutting downe woods or bushes, +or in digging and deluing vp of turues and clods, or by any other maner +of waie made waste and distruction in woods or grasse, or spoile of +venison, within the precinct of the forrests, contrarie to order, they +should be put to their fines.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Préests to be arrested offending in forrests.</span> +He gaue commandement also, that it should be lawful to the forresters to +take and put vnder arrest, as well préests and those of the cleargie, as +temporall men, being found offendors in forrest grounds and chases. +Manie other ordinances were decréed touching the preseruation of +forrests, and the kings prerogatiue, aduantages and profits rising and +growing by the same, as well for sauing of his woods and wasts, as in +pannage and agistements, greatlie to the restraint of them that might +vsurpe or incroch vpon the grounds within the compasse of his forrests.</p> + +<p>Ye haue heard before, how the moonks of Canturburie did send to exhibit +a complaint to the pope, for that their archbishop tooke vpon him to +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ger. Dor.</i></span> +deale in exercise of matters belonging to a temporall man, and not to +such a one as had rule ouer the spiritualtie: but this was not the cause +that did gréeue them so much, as that he went forward with the erection +of that church at Lameth, which his predecessor archbishop Baldwine had +first +<a name="Page_267" id="Page_267" ></a><span class="pagenum">[267]</span> +begun at Haketon, now called S. Stephans (as before ye haue +heard) and after was driuen through the importunate suit of the moonks +to leaue off, and race that which he had there begun, to obeie the popes +<span class="rightnote">The church of Lameth.</span> +pleasure: and after laid a new foundation at Lameth.</p> + +<p>The moonks of Canturburie therefore still fearing least that church +should greatlie preiudice such rights and liberties, as they pretended, +namlie in the election of their archbishop, would neuer rest, but still +complained and followed their suit in most obstinate maner in the court +of Rome, as well in the daies of the said Baldwine, as now against +Hubert, (when he tooke in hand to continue the worke according to the +purpose of his predecessour the said Baldwine, which was to haue +instituted a colledge there, and to haue placed secular canons in the +same) and such was the earnest trauell of the moonks herein, that in the +end now after the deceasse of pope Celestine, they found such fauour at +the hands of pope Innocent his successor, that the same Innocent +<span class="rightnote">The pope cōmandeth the church of Lameth to be raced.</span> +directed his letters of cōmandement to the archbishop, and other +bishops of this land, to destroie and race the same foundation, as a +péece of worke derogatorie to the sée of Canturburie, and verie +preiudiciall to the estate of holie church.</p> + +<p>The archbishop at the first trusted to be borne out by the king (who was +highlie offended with the moonks for their presumptuous dealing) and +therefore refused to obeie the popes commandement. The king in deed +stomached the matter so highlie, that he sent letters vnto the moonks by +no worsse messengers than by Geffrey Fitz Peter, and Hugh Fitz Bardolfe +his iustices, signifieng to them not onelie his high displeasure for +their presumptuous proceedings in their suit without his consent, but +also commanding them to surceasse, and not to procéed further in the +matter by virtue of any such the popes letters, which they had purchased +contrarie to the honour and dignitie of his crowne and realme. Moreouer, +he wrote to the bishops, commanding them to appeale; and to the +archbishop, forbidding him in any wise to breake downe the church which +he had so builded at Lameth.</p> + +<p>The shiriffe of Kent also was commanded to seize into his hands all the +<span class="rightnote">The presumtuous stoutnesse of the moonks.</span> +tenements and possessions that belonged to the moonks (a frie of satan +and as one saith verie well of them and the like leuen of lewdnesse,</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">—— sentina malorum,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Agnorum sub pelle lupi, mercede colentes<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Non pietate Deum, &c.)<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p class="nogap">who neuer the lesse were so stout in that quarell, that they would not +prolong one daie of the time appointed by the pope for the racing of +that church. Herevpon the king for his part and the bishops in their +owne behalfes wrote to the pope. Likewise the abbats of Boxeley, Fourd, +Stratford, Roberts-bridge, Stanlie, and Basing Warke, wrote the matter +to him: and againe the pope and the cardinals wrote to the king, to the +archbishops, and bishops: and so letters passed to and fro, till at +length the pope sent a Nuncio of purpose, to signifie his full +determination, as in the next yeare it shall be shewed at full.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Welshmen vanquished. <i>Ger. Dor.</i> ascribeth this victorie vnto +Hubert archb. of Canturburie and saith there were slaine about 500 of +the enimies.<br /> +Mauds castle.</span> +About the same time Geffrey Fitz Peter, lord cheefe iustice of England, +raised a power of men, and went into Wales to succour the tenants of +William de Brause, which were besieged of the king, or rather prince of +that countrie, named Owen, the brother of Cadwalaine, in Mauds castell: +but the lord chéefe iustice comming to the reskue of them within, gaue +battell to the aduersaries, and vanquishing them slue three thousand of +them, and seauen hundred of those that were taken prisoners and wounded. +And all the while the warres continued in France, the losse for the most +part still redounded to the Frenchmen. Earle John burnt Newburg, and +tooke eighteene knights of such as were sent to the reskue.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The earle of Leicester.</span> +The earle of Leicester with a small companie came before the castell of +Pascie, which (although the Frenchmen held it) did yet of right belong +vnto the said earle. The souldiors within issued foorth, and being too +strong for the earle, caused him to flee, for otherwise +<a name="Page_268" id="Page_268" ></a><span class="pagenum">[268]</span> +he had béene +taken. But returning on the morrow after with more companie about him, +and laieng ambushes for the enimie, he approched the said castell, and +trained the Frenchmen foorth till he had them within his danger, and +then causing his men to breake out vpon them tooke an eightéene knights, +<span class="rightnote">Marchades.</span> +and a great multitude of other people. Also Marchades with his rout of +Brabanders did the Frenchmen much hurt, in robbing and spoiling the +countries.</p> + +<p>About this season the archbishop of Canturburie went ouer into Normandie +to speake with king Richard, and at the French kings request he passed +into France, to common with him of peace, which the French king offered +to conclude, in restoring all the townes and castels which he had taken +(Gisors onelie excepted) and touching the possession and title thereof, +he was contented to put the matter in compremise, to the order and award +of six barons in Normandie to be named by him; and of six barons in +France which king Richard should name. But king Richard would not thus +agrée, except the earle of Flanders and others which had forsaken the +French king to take his part, might be comprised in the same peace. At +length yet in Nouember, there was truce taken betwixt the two kings till +the feast of S. Hilarie next insuing.</p> + +<p>In the meane time pope Innocent the third, vnderstanding in what present +danger things stood in the holie land, and on the other side, +<span class="rightnote">A truce taken betwixt the two kings.</span> +considering what a weakening it was vnto christendome, to haue these two +kings thus to warre with mortall hatred one against the other: he +thought it stood him vpon to trauell betwixt them, to bring them vnto +some peace and agreement. Héerevpon he dispatched one Peter the +cardinall of Capua into France, as legat from the sée of Rome, vnto the +two foresaid kings, to instruct them in what present danger the state of +the christians in Asia presentlie stood, so that without the aid of them +and of other christian princes, it could not be holpen, but needs it +must come to vtter ruine, and the Saracens yer long to be possessed of +the whole. Therefore both in respect hereof, and also for the auoiding +of the further wilfull spilling of christian bloud in such ciuill<a name="FNanchor_6_17" id="FNanchor_6_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a> and +vngodlie warre, he besought them to staie their hands, and to ioine in +some fréendlie band of concord, whereby they might with mutuall consent +bestow their seruice in that necessarie and most godlie warre, wherein +by ouercomming the enimies of Christ, they might looke for worthie +reward at his hands, which is the frée giuer of all victories.<a name="FNanchor_6_18" id="FNanchor_6_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a></p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1199.</span> +The cardinall comming into France, and dooing his message in most +earnest wise, was present at the interuiew appointed betwixt the two +kings in the feast of S. Hilarie, but yet could not he bring his purpose +<span class="rightnote"><i>R. Houed.</i> A truce concluded for fiue yeares.</span> +to full effect: onelie he procured them to take truce for the term of +fiue yeares, farther he could not get them to agrée. ¶ The fault by +authors is ascribed aswell to king Richard, as to king Philip: for king +Richard being first euill vsed, and put to hinderance, determined either +to vanquish, or neuer to giue place.</p> + +<p>This forbearance from warre was concluded and taken in the yeare 1199 +after the incarnation, and tenth of king Richards reigne. But +immediatlie after, there arose matter of new displeasure betwixt these +two kings to kéepe their minds in vre with secret grudges, though by +reason of the truce they outwardlie absteined from declaring it by force +<span class="rightnote">Contention about the choosing of the emperour.</span> +of armes. It chanced that in the election of a new emperour, the +electors could not agrée, one part of them choosing Otho duke of +Saxonie, nephue to king Richard by his sister Maud, and another part of +them naming Philip duke of Tuscaine, and brother to the last emperour +Henrie.</p> + +<p>King Richard (as reason was) did procure what fauour he could to the +furtherance of his nephue Otho: and king Philip on the contrarie part, +did what he could in fauour of the foresaid Philip. At length Otho was +admitted by the pope to end the strife: but yet the grudge remained in +the harts of the two kings: Philip finding himselfe much gréeued in that +he had missed his purpose, and Richard being as little pleased for +<a name="Page_269" id="Page_269" ></a><span class="pagenum">[269]</span> +that +he had woone his so hardlie, and with so much adoo. And thus matters +passed for that yeare.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>R. Houed.</i> The popes letters to the king for the church of +Lameth.</span> +In the beginning of the next, the popes Nuncio came with letters, not +onlie to the archbishop and bishops of England, but also to the king +himselfe, signifieng the popes resolute decree touching the church and +colledge of Lameth to be broken downe and suppressed. Wherevpon the king +and archbishop (though sore against their willes) when they saw no waie +longer to shift off the matter, yéelded to the popes pleasure: and so +the archbishop sent his letters to Lameth, where the 21 daie of Januarie +they were read, and the 27 daie of the same moneth was the church cast +downe, & the canons which were alreadie these placed, had commandement +to depart from thence without further delaie. Thus the moonks in dispite +<span class="rightnote">The moonks borne out by the pope.</span> +of the king and archbishop had their willes, but yet their vexation +ceassed not, for the king and archbishop bearing them no small euill +will, for that they had so obteined their purpose contrarie to their +minds and intents, molested them diuerse waies, although the moonks +still vpon complaint to the pope, were verie much releeued, and found +great freendship both with him and likewise with his court. ¶ So that it +may be obserued that these dishclouts of the popes kitchen haue in all +ages, since their first quickening béene troublesome and mutinous, +sawcie and insolent, proud<a name="FNanchor_6_19" id="FNanchor_6_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a> and malapert. But,</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="rightnote"><i>M. Pal. in suo sag.</i></span> +<span class="i0">Proh pudor! hos tolerare potest ecclesia porcos,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Cùm sint lasciui nimiùm, nimiúmq; superbi,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Duntaxàt ventri, veneri somnóq; vacantes?<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>In this meane time, king Richard being now at rest from troubles of +warre, studied busilie to prouide monie, meaning to make a new voiage +into the holie land. Therefore finding himselfe beare of treasure, by +<span class="rightnote">A tax. <br /> +Fiue shillings of euerie plough land, as saith <i>Matt. Westm.</i><br /> +Chasteau Galiard built.</span> +reason of the French warres had emptied his cofers, he set a great tax +vpon his subiects, and by that meanes, hauing recouered a great summe, +he builded that notable strong castell in Normandie, vpon the banke of +the riuer of Saine, named Chateau Galiard: which when it was finished he +fell a iesting thereat and said; "Behold, is not this a faire daughter +of one yeares growth." The soile where this castell was builded, +belonged to the archbishop of Rouen, for which there followed great +strife betwixt the king and the archbishop, till the pope tooke vp the +matter (as before ye haue heard.)</p> + +<p>After this, he determined to chastise certeine persons in Poictou, which +during the warres betwixt him and the French king, had aided the +<span class="rightnote">Images of an emperour and of his wife & children all of fine +gold. The annales of Aquitaine.</span> +Frenchmen against him: wherevpon with an armie he passed foorth towards +them, but by the waie he was informed, that one Widomer a vicount in the +countrie of Britaine, had found great treasure: and therefore pretending +a right thereto by vertue of his prerogatiue, he sent for the vicount, +who smelling out the matter, and supposing the king would not be +indifferent in parting the treasure, fled into Limosin, where although +the people were tributaries to the king of England, yet they tooke part +with the French king.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Chalus Cheuerell. <i>R. Houed.</i></span> +There is a towne in that countrie called Chalus Cheuerell, into which +the said vicount retired for safegard of himselfe, and then gaue the +townesmen a great portion of treasure, to the end they should defend him +and his quarell for the rest. King Richard still following him, as one +that could not auoid his fatall ordinance, hasted into the confines of +Limosin, fullie determining either to win the towne by force, if the +inhabitants should make resistance, or at leastwise, to get into his +hands the preie, which he so earnestlie pursued. At his first approch he +<span class="rightnote">K. Richard besiegeth Chalus.</span> +gaue manie fierce assaults to the towne, but they within hauing +throughlie prouided aforehand for to defend a siege, so resisted his +attempts, that within thrée daies after his comming, he ceassed to +assaile the towne, meaning to vndermine the walles, which otherwise he +perceiued would verie hardlie be gotten; considering the stoutnesse of +them within, and withall, the naturall strength and situation of the +place it selfe.</p> + +<p>Herevpon therefore on the 26 of March, whiles he (togither with capteine +Marchades) +<a name="Page_270" id="Page_270" ></a><span class="pagenum">[270]</span> +went about vnaduisedlie to view the towne (the better to +consider the place which waie he might conueie the course of his mine) +<span class="rightnote">He is wounded.</span> +they came so farre within danger, that the king was stricken in the left +arme, or (as some write) in the shoulder, where it ioined to the necke, +with a quarell inuenomed (as is to be supposed by the sequele.) Being +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ra. Niger.</i></span> +thus wounded, he gat to his horsse, and rode home againe to his lodging, +where he caused the wound to be searched and bound vp, and as a man +nothing dismaid therewith, continued his siege with such force and +assurance, that within 12 daies after the mishap, the towne was yéelded +vnto him, although verie little treasure (to make any great accompt of) +was at that time found therein.</p> + +<p>In this meane season, the king had committed the cure of his wound to +one of Marchades his surgions, who taking in hand to plucke out the +quarell, drew foorth onelie the shaft at the first<a name="FNanchor_6_20" id="FNanchor_6_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a>, and left the iron +still within, and afterwards going about most vnskilfullie to get foorth +the head of the said quarell, he vsed such incisions, and so mangled the +<span class="rightnote">The king despaired of life.</span> +kings arme, yer he could cut it, that he himself despaired of all helpe +and longer life, affirming flatlie to such as stood about him, that he +could not long continue by reason of his butcherlie handling. To be +short féeling himselfe to wax weaker and weaker, preparing his mind to +death, which he perceiued now to be at hand, he ordeined his testament, +<span class="rightnote">He ordeineth his testament.</span> +or rather reformed and added sundrie things vnto the same which he +before had made, at the time of his gooing foorth towards the holie +land.</p> + +<p>Vnto his brother Iohn he assigned the crowne of England, and all other +his lands and dominions, causing the Nobles there present to sweare +fealtie vnto him. His monie, his iewels, and all other his goods +<span class="rightnote"><i>R. Houed.</i></span> +mooueable he willed to be diuided into thrée parts, of the which Otho +the emperor his sisters sonne to haue one, his houshold seruants an +other part, and the third to be distributed to the poore. Finallie +remembring himselfe also of the place of his buriall, he commanded that +his bodie should be interred at Fonteurard at his fathers feet, but he +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +willed his heart to be conueied vnto Rouen, and there buried, in +testimonie of the loue which he had euer borne vnto that citie for the +stedfast faith and tried loialtie at all times found in the citizens +there. His bowels he ordeined to be buried in Poictiers, as in a place +naturallie vnthankefull and not worthie to reteine any of the more +honorable parts of his bodie.</p> + +<p>Moreouer he caused the arcubalistar that wounded him, to be sought out, +whose name was Barthram de Garden<a name="FNanchor_6_21" id="FNanchor_6_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a>, or Peter Basill (for so he named +himselfe as some write) who being brought before the king, he demanded +<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog. Houed.</i></span> +wherein he had so much offended him, that he should so lie in wait to +slea him, rather than Marchades, who was then in his companie, and +attendant on his person? The other answered boldlie againe, saieng; "I +purposed to kill thee, bicause thou sluest my father, and two of my +brethren heretofore, and wouldest also now haue slaine me, if I had +happened to fall into thy hands. Wherefore I intended to reuenge their +deaths, not caring in the meane time what became of my selfe, so that I +might in anie wise obteine my will of thée, who in such sort hast bereft +me of my freends." The king harkening vnto his words, and pondering his +<span class="rightnote">A notable example of forgiuing an enimie. <i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +talke by good aduisement, fréelie pardoned him, and withall commanded +that he should be set at libertie, and thereto haue an hundred shillings +giuen him in his pursse, and so to be let go. Moreouer, he gaue strait +charge that no<a name="FNanchor_6_22" id="FNanchor_6_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a> man should hurt him, or séeke any reuenge for this his +death hereafter. Thus the penitent prince not onelie forgaue, but also +rewarded his aduersarie. Howbeit after his deceasse, Marchades getting +him into his hands, first caused the skin to be stripped off his bodie, +and after hanged him on a gibit.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">King Richard departed this life.</span> +At length king Richard by force of sicknesse (increased with anguish of +his incurable wound) departed this life, on the tuesdaie before +Palmesundaie, being the ninth of Aprill, and the xj. daie after he was +hurt, in the yeare after the birth of our Sauiour 1199. in the 44 yeare +of his age, and after he had reigned nine yeares, nine moneths, and od +<span class="rightnote">His stature & shape of bodie. <i>Gal. Vinsaf.</i></span> +daies: he left no issue behind him. He was tall of stature, and well +proportioned, faire and comelie of face, so as in his countenance +appeared much fauour and grauitie, of haire +<a name="Page_271" id="Page_271" ></a><span class="pagenum">[271]</span> +bright aborne, as it were +betwixt red and yellow, with long armes, and nimble in all his ioints +his thighes and legs were of due proportion, and answerable to the other +parts of his bodie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">His disposition of mind.</span> +As he was comelie of personage, so was he of stomach more couragious and +fierce, so that not without cause, he obteined the surname of Cueur de +lion, that is to saie, The lions hart. Moreouer he was courteous to his +souldiors, and towards his fréends and strangers that resorted vnto him +verie liberall, but to his enimies hard and not to be intreated, +desirous of battell, an enimie to rest and quietnesse, verie eloquent of +speech and wise, but readie to enter into ieopardies, and that without +feare or forecast in time of greatest perils.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The vices that were in king Richard.</span> +These were his vertuous qualities, but his vices (if his vertues, his +age, and the wars which he mainteined were throughlie weied) were either +none at all, or else few in number, and not verie notorious. He was +noted of the common people to be partlie subiect vnto pride, which +surelie for the most part foloweth stoutnesse of mind: of incontinencie, +to the which his youth might happilie be somewhat bent: and of +couetousnesse, into the which infamie most captieins and such princes as +commonlie follow the warres doo oftentimes fall, when of the necessitie +they are driuen to exact monie, as well of fréends as enimies, to +mainteine the infinit charges of their wars.</p> + +<p>Hereof it came, that on a time whiles he soiourned in France about his +warres, which he held against K. Philip, there came vnto him a French +<span class="rightnote">Fulco a préest.</span> +préest whose name was Fulco, who required the K. in any wise to put from +him thrée abhominable daughters which he had, and to bestow them in +marriage, least God punished him for them. Thou liest hypocrite (said +the king) to thy verie face, for all the world knoweth that I haue not +one daughter. I lie not (said the préest) for thou hast thrée daughters, +one of them is called pride, the second couetousnesse, and the third +lecherie. With that the king, called to him his lords & barons, and said +to them; "This hypocrite heere hath required me to marrie awaie my thrée +daughters, which (as he saith) I cherish, nourish, foster and mainteine, +that is to say pride, couetousnesse, and lecherie. And now that I haue +found out necessarie & fit husbands for them, I will doo it with effect, +and seeke no more delaies. I therefore bequeath my pride to the high +minded templers and hospitallers, which are as proud as Lucifer +himselfe. My couetousnesse I giue vnto the white moonks, otherwise +called of the Cisteaux order, for they couet the diuell and all. My +lecherie I commit to the prelates of the church, who haue most pleasure +and felicitie therein."</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Baldwine & Hubert archbishops of Canturburie.</span> +There liued in the daies of this king Richard, men of worthie fame +amongst those of the cleargie, Baldwine archbishop of Canturburie, and +Hubert who succeeded him in that sée, also Hugh bishop of Lincolne, a +man for his worthinesse of life highlie to be commended. Moreouer, +William bishop of Elie, who though otherwise he was to be dispraised for +his ambition and pompous hautinesse, yet the king vsed his seruice for a +time greatlie to his profit and aduancement of the publike affaires. +Also of learned men we find diuerse in these daies that flourished here +in this land, as Baldwine of Deuonshire that came to the bishop of +Worcester in this kings time, and after his deceasse, he was aduanced to +the gouernment of the archbishops sée of Canturburie, who wrote diuerse +<span class="rightnote"><i>Iohn Bales.</i></span> +treatises, namelie of matters perteining to diuinitie. Daniell Morley +well seene in the Mathematicals, Iohn de Hexam, and Richard de Hexham +two notable historicians; Guilielmus Stephanides a moonke of +Canturburie, who wrote much in the praise of archbishop Becket. Beside +these, we find one Richard, that was an abbat of the order +Premonstratensis, Richard Diuisiensis, Nicholas Walkington, Robert de +Bello Foco, an excellent philosopher, &c. ¶ See Bale in his third +Centurie.</p> + +<p>In martiall renowme there flourished in this kings daies diuerse noble +capteines, as Robert earle of Leicester, Ranulfe de Fulgiers, two of the +Bardulphes, Hugh and Henrie, thrée Williams, Marshall, Brunell, and +Mandeuill, with two Roberts, Ros and Sabeuile. Furthermore, I find that +<span class="rightnote">A great derth.</span> +in the daies of this king Richard, a great derth reigned in England, +<a name="Page_272" id="Page_272" ></a><span class="pagenum">[272]</span> +and also in France, for the space of three or foure yeares during the +wars betwéene him & king Philip, so that after his returne out of +Germanie, and from imprisonment, a quarter of wheat was sold at 18 +shillings eight pence, no small price in those daies, if you consider +the alay of monie then currant.</p> + +<p>Also immediatlie after, that is to say, in the yeare of our Lord, a +thousand, one hundred, nintie six, which was about the seuenth yere of +<span class="rightnote">A great mortalitie of people. <i>Wil. Paruus.</i></span> +the said kings reigne, there followed a maruellous sore death, which +dailie consumed such numbers of people, that scarse there might be found +any to kéepe and looke to those that were sicke, or to burie them that +died. Which sickenesse was a pestilentiall feuer or sharpe burning ague. +The accustomed manner of buriall was also neglected: so that in manie +places they made great pits, and threw their dead bodies into the same, +one vpon an other. For the multitude of them that died was such, that +they could not haue time to make for euerie one a seuerall graue. This +mortalitie continued for the space of fiue or six months, and at length +ceassed in the cold season of winter.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Two sunnes.</span> +In the octaues of Pentecost before this great death, in the first houre +of the day, there appeared two sunnes, the true sunne & another, as it +were a counterfeit sunne: but so apparentlie, that hard it was to the +common people, to discerne the one from the other. The skilfull also +were compelled by instruments to distinguish the one from the other: in +taking their altitudes and places, whereby in the end they found the new +apparition, as it were, to wait vpon the planet, and so continued by the +space of certeine houres. At length when the beholders (of whom Wil. +Paruus that recorded things in that age was one) had well wearied their +eies in diligent marking the maner of this strange appearance, the +counterfeit sunne vanished awaie.</p> + +<p>¶ This strange woonder was taken for a signification of that which +followed, that is to say, of war, famine and pestilence: or to say the +truth, it betokened rather the continuance of two of those mischiefs. +For warre and famine had sore afflicted the people before that time, and +as yet ceassed not: but as for the pestilence, it began soone after the +strange sight, whereof insued such effect, as I haue alreadie rehearsed.</p> + + +<p class="lastline">Thus farre king Richard.</p> + +<div class="footnotes"> +<h3 >Transcriber's notes</h3> + +<p>There are no footnotes in the original. The original spelling and +punctuation have been retained, with the exception of obvious errors +which have been corrected by reference to the 1587 edition of which +the original is a transcription.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_6_1" id="Footnote_6_1"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_6_1"> +<span class="label">[1]</span> + </a> Original reads 'where'; corrected to 'were'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_6_2" id="Footnote_6_2"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_6_2"> +<span class="label">[2]</span> + </a> Original reads 'whith'; corrected to 'with'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_6_3" id="Footnote_6_3"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_6_3"> +<span class="label">[3]</span> + </a> Original reads 'were'; corrected to 'where'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_6_4" id="Footnote_6_4"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_6_4"> +<span class="label">[4]</span> + </a> Original reads 'be Camuille'; corrected to 'de Camuille'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_6_5" id="Footnote_6_5"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_6_5"> +<span class="label">[5]</span> + </a> Original reads 'which tossed them them'; corrected to 'which tossed them'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_6_6"> +<span class="label">[6]</span> + </a> Original reads 'connterfet'; corrected to 'counterfet'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_6_7" id="Footnote_6_7"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_6_7"> +<span class="label">[7]</span> + </a> Original reads 'holié'; corrected to 'holie'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_6_8" id="Footnote_6_8"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_6_8"> +<span class="label">[8]</span> + </a> Original reads 'easile'; corrected to 'easilie'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_6_9" id="Footnote_6_9"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_6_9"> +<span class="label">[9]</span> + </a> Original reads 'forfied'; corrected to 'fortified'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_6_10" id="Footnote_6_10"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_6_10"> +<span class="label">[10]</span> + </a> Original reads 'wearie dwith'; corrected to 'wearied with'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_6_11" id="Footnote_6_11"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_6_11"> +<span class="label">[11]</span> + </a> Original reads 'Houden'; corrected to 'Houeden'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_6_12" id="Footnote_6_12"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_6_12"> +<span class="label">[12]</span> + </a> Original reads 'a might bréed as'; corrected to 'as might bréed a'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_6_13" id="Footnote_6_13"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_6_13"> +<span class="label">[13]</span> + </a> Original reads 'Lancastsr'; corrected to 'Lancaster'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_6_14" id="Footnote_6_14"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_6_14"> +<span class="label">[14]</span> + </a> Original reads "de' Rancin"; corrected to "de Rancin".</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_6_15" id="Footnote_6_15"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_6_15"> +<span class="label">[15]</span> + </a> Original reads 'aud'; corrected to 'and'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_6_16" id="Footnote_6_16"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_6_16"> +<span class="label">[16]</span> + </a> Original reads 'wherepon'; corrected to 'wherevpon'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_6_17" id="Footnote_6_17"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_6_17"> +<span class="label">[17]</span> + </a> Original reads 'eiuill'; corrected to 'ciuill'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_6_18" id="Footnote_6_18"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_6_18"> +<span class="label">[18]</span> + </a> Original reads 'victories,'; corrected to 'victories.'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_6_19" id="Footnote_6_19"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_6_19"> +<span class="label">[19]</span> + </a> Original reads 'insolent,ro ud'; corrected to 'insolent, proud'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_6_20" id="Footnote_6_20"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_6_20"> +<span class="label">[20]</span> + </a> Original reads 'at he first'; corrected to 'at the first'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_6_21" id="Footnote_6_21"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_6_21"> +<span class="label">[21]</span> + </a> Original reads 'be Garden'; corrected to 'de Garden'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_6_22" id="Footnote_6_22"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_6_22"> +<span class="label">[22]</span> + </a> Original reads 'that no no'; corrected to 'that no'.</p> +</div> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and +Ireland (2 of 6): England (6 of 12), by Raphael Holinshed + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND *** + +***** This file should be named 16762-h.htm or 16762-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/7/6/16762/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Louise Pryor and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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