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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland
+(2 of 6): England (6 of 12), by Raphael Holinshed
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland (2 of 6): England (6 of 12)
+       Richard the First
+
+Author: Raphael Holinshed
+
+Release Date: September 27, 2005 [EBook #16762]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Louise Pryor and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+RICHARD THE FIRST, Second sonne to Henrie the second.
+
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 1. 1189.] [Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] Richard the
+first of that name, and second sonne of Henrie the second, began his
+reigne ouer England the sixt day of Julie, in the yere of our Lord 1189.
+in the seauen and thirteeth yeare of the emperour Frederike the first,
+in the eleuenth yere of the reigne of Philip the second king of France,
+and king William surnamed the Lion as yet liuing in the gouernement of
+Scotland.
+
+This Richard, immediatlie after the solemnities of his fathers funerals
+were ended, made hast to Rouen, where he was ioifullie receiued, and
+proclamed duke of Normandie, receiuing the inuesture according to the
+custome, on the twentith day of Julie. [Sidenote: _Matt. Paris._] Then
+studieng to set all things in good order on that side the sea, he made
+search where his fathers treasure was preserued, and therevpon attached
+Stephan de Turnham, who was seneschall or gouernour (as we may call him)
+of Aniou, [Sidenote: Stephan de Turnham committed to prison.] and
+committing him to prison, compelled him to make deliuerie of all such
+summes of monie as he had hid and laid vp in certeine castels by the
+commandement of the late king his father.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _Polydor._] Whilest he was thus occupied, his
+brother John came to him, to whom he ioifullie gaue the welcome, and
+besides all other things which his father had bequeathed vnto him by his
+testament in England, amounting to the value of foure thousand pounds of
+yearelie rent, with the earledome of Mortaigne, [Sidenote: Isabell
+daughter to the earle of Glocester married to John y^e kings brother.]
+he procured a marriage for him (being now a widower) for his further
+aduancement with the ladie Isabell, daughter to Robert earle of
+Glocester, which earle had appointed the said John to be his heire as
+before is mentioned, although Baldwine the archbishop of Canturburie
+forbad the mariage, [Sidenote: She is named by diuerse authors Hauisia.
+_Matth. Paris._ _R. Houed._] bicause they were coosens in the third
+degree of consanguinitie. To Robert earle of Leicester also he restored
+all his lands which had béene taken from him, and such persons as his
+father had disherited, he restored likewise to their former rights and
+possessions, howbeit those had forsaken his father, and taken part with
+him against his said father, he séemed now so much to mislike, that he
+remooued them vtterlie from his presence, and contrariwise preferred
+such as had continued faithfull vnto his father in time of the troubles.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matt. Paris._] At length, king Richard remembring himselfe
+of his mother quéene Elianor, who had béene separated from the bed of
+hir husband for the space of sixtéene yeares, and was as yet deteined in
+prison in England, wrote his letters vnto the rulers of the realme,
+[Sidenote: The kings mother set at libertie.] commanding them to set hir
+againe at libertie, and withall appointed hir by his letters patents, to
+take vpon hir the whole gouernment of the kingdome in his absence. The
+quéene being thus deliuered, and hauing now the cheefe authoritie & rule
+in hir hands, rode in progresse about the realme, to sée the estate
+thereof; and as she passed from place to place, she shewed gladsome
+countenance to the people wheresoeuer she came, dooing also what she
+could to pleasure them, that she might thereby win their good willes to
+hir, and to hir sonne: but speciallie remembring by hir late experience
+and tast thereof, what an irksome & most gréeuous thing imprisonment
+was, she caused the gailes to be opened, and foorthwith set no small
+number of prisoners at libertie by the way as she passed through the
+countries, according to the verse of Virgil,
+    Non ignara mali miseris succurrere disco.
+
+In the meane time, king Richard concluding a league with Philip king of
+France, receiued all those places againe which were taken from his
+father by the same Philip, togither with his wife Adela, whom vpon
+suspicion that she had beene dishonested in hir person before, without
+anie sufficient proofe thereof had, he forsooke, & sent hir home with
+hir dowrie, and otherwise with great and princelie gifts, most
+bountifullie inriched, hauing alreadie concluded a marriage with the
+ladie Berengaria, daughter to Garsias king of Nauarre, who was sent into
+Sicill vnto hir sister Joane, that he might marrie hir there, as he
+passed that waie towards the holie land.
+
+Whilest these things passed thus in these parties, the christians in the
+holie land dailie sent hither for aid, [Sidenote: The 2. kings of
+England & France determine to go into the holie land] wherevpon the two
+kings of France and England tooke counsell togither, and determined with
+all conuenient speed to ioine their powers, & with ships prepared for
+that purpose to saile into Syria. Hauing thus concluded, they went about
+to prepare themselues of necessarie prouision for so long a iournie. Now
+when king Richard had set in order his affaires in Normandie and France,
+he came ouer into England, [Sidenote: At Southhampton the 21 of August
+saith _Ger. Dor._ _Rog. Houed._ _Matth. Paris._] landing at Portesmouth
+the 13. of August. With him also came his brother John, vnto whom he
+assigned the castels of Marlebridge, Lutegareshall, Peake, Bollesour,
+the honor of Wallingford, Tikehill and Eie, with the earledoms of
+Mortaigne, Dorset, Sumerset, Notingham, Derbie, Deuonshire, and
+Cornewall, with the earledome of Lancaster, intituling him earle of the
+same, whereby he was so exalted in state and degree, that he séemed in
+manner of a tetrarch, hauing as it were a fourth part of the realme in
+gouernance: but yet the king held some of the castels (in those counties
+and honors thus giuen to his brother) in his owne hands. Moreouer, vnto
+William Marshall he gaue in marriage the daughter of Richard earle of
+Chepstow, togither with the earledome which hir father possessed: and to
+Gilbert Fitz Roger the sonne of Rainfrey he gaue the daughter of William
+de Lancaster. After he was landed (as before ye haue heard) he hasted to
+Winchester, where his mother quéene Elianor with the most part of the
+English nobilitie had laine a good space to attend his comming, and
+there on the euen of the assumption of our ladie, the king was by them
+receiued with great ioy and triumph.
+
+¶ Here is to be noted, that whilest the quéene and lords laie in
+Winchester waiting for the kings arriuall, Geffrey Riddle the bishop of
+Elie departed this life. He is named by Geruasius Dorobernensis the
+proud bishop of Elie: but he might rather haue named him the rich
+bishop, for he left in his cofers no small quantitie of treasure, of the
+which thrée thousand and two hundred marks came to the kings part
+towards the charges of his coronation. No maruell though Geruasius spake
+somewhat in his dispraise, for (as he himselfe confesseth) he was no
+fréend but an enimie to moonks.
+
+But to let this passe, soone after the kings comming into England, he
+was informed that the Welshmen had broken into the English marshes, and
+destroyed certeine townes; to represse whose presumptuous attempts he
+made towards them, but was yet staied for that time, & reuoked by his
+mother. [Sidenote: His fathers treasure.] At Salisburie he found his
+fathers treasure, highlie reioising, for that the summe was far greater
+than he thought it would haue prooued, for besides the pretious stones,
+apparell, and iewels, it was reported he had there the sum of nine
+hundred thousand pounds in readie coine. [Sidenote: _R. Houed._ _Gau.
+Vinsaf._ _Nic. Triuet._ The second of September saith _Ger. Dor._] With
+this good hap king Richard not a little aduanced, came to London on the
+first of September, where he had appointed prouision to be made for his
+coronation, and so calling a councell of the Nobles of the realme, he
+receiued the crowne with all due and accustomed solemnitie, at the hands
+of Baldwin the archbishop of Canturburie, the third daie of September.
+
+[Sidenote: The order of his coronatiō. _Matth. Paris._] At his
+coronation, first the archbishops of Canturburie, Roan, Trier, and
+Dublin, which were present, with all the other bishops, abbats, and
+cleargie, apparelled in rich copes, and hauing the crosse, holie water
+and censures carried afore them, came to fetch him vnto the doore of his
+priuie chamber, and there receiuing him, they led him vnto the church at
+Westminster, till he came before the high altar with a solemne
+procession. [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] In the middle of the bishops and
+cleargie went foure barons, bearing candlesticks with tapers, after whom
+came Geffrey de Lucie bearing the cap of maintenance, and John Marshall
+next to him, bearing a great and massiue paire of spurs of gold: then
+followed William Marshall earle of Striguill aliàs Pembroke, who bare
+the roiall scepter, in the top wherof was set a crosse of gold: and
+William de Patrike earle of Salisburie going next him, bare the warder
+or rod, hauing on the top thereof a doue. Then came thrée other earles,
+Dauid brother to the king of Scots, the earle of Huntington, John the
+kings brother earle of Mortaigne, and Robert earle of Leicester, ech of
+them bearing a sword vpright in his hand with the scabberds richlie
+trimmed and adorned with gold.
+
+The earle of Mortaigne went in the midst betwixt the other two.
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] After them followed six earles and barons,
+bearing a checker table, vpon the which was set the kings scochens of
+armes, and then followed William Mandeuill earle of Albemarle, bearing a
+crowne of gold a great heigth before the king, who followed the same,
+hauing Hugh bishop of Durham on the right hand, and Reignold bishop of
+Bath on the left, ouer whom a canapie was borne: and in this order he
+came into the church at Westminster, where before the high altar in the
+presence of the cleargie & the people, laieng his hand vpon the holie
+euangelists and the relikes of certeine saincts, [Sidenote: The king his
+oth.] he tooke a solemne oth, that he should obserue peace, honour, and
+reuerence to almightie God, to his church, and to the ministers of the
+same all the daies of his life. Also that he should exercise vpright
+iustice to the people committed to his charge, and that he should
+abrogate and disanull all euill lawes and wrongfull customes, if anie
+were to be found within the precinct of his realme, and mainteine those
+that were good and laudable.
+
+This doone, he put off all his garments from the middle vpwards, his
+shirt excepted which was open on the shoulders, that he might be
+annointed. The archbishop of Canturburie annointed him then in thrée
+places, to wit, on the head, on the shoulders, and on the right arme,
+with praiers in such case accustomed. After this, he couered his head
+with a linnen cloth hallowed, and set his cap aloft thereon; and then
+when he had put on his roiall garments and vppermost robe, the
+archbishop tooke vnto him the sword wherewith he should beat downe the
+enimies of the church; which doone, two earles put his shoes vpon his
+feet, and hauing his mantell put on him, the archbishop forbad him on
+the behalfe of almightie God, not to presume to take vpon him this
+dignitie except he faithfullie meant to performe those things which he
+had there sworne to performe. Wherevnto the king made answer, that by
+Gods grace he would performe them. Then the king tooke the crowne beside
+the altar, and deliuered it to the archbishop, which he set vpon the
+kings head, deliuering to him the scepter to hold in his right hand, and
+the rod roiall in his left hand, & thus being crowned he was brought
+backe by the bishops and barons, with the crosse and candelsticks, and
+three swords passing foorth before him vnto his seat. When the bishop
+that sang the masse came to the offertorie, the two bishops that brought
+him to the church, led him to the altar, and brought him backe againe.
+
+Finallie when masse was doone, and all things ended in order as was
+requisit, he was brought with solemne procession into his chamber, where
+he put off his heauie rich apparell, and put on a crowne and other
+garments more light and easie, and so went to dinner, whereat wanted no
+store of meats & drinks, which were serued out in most princelie and
+bountifull wise.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] Vpon this daie of king Richards coronation,
+the Jewes that dwelt in London and in other parts of the realme, being
+there assembled, had but sorie hap, as it chanced. [Sidenote: The Jewes
+ment to present him with a rich gift.] For they meaning to honour the
+same coronation with their presence, and to present to the king some
+honourable gift, whereby they might declare themselues glad for his
+aduancement, and procure his freendship towards them, for the confirming
+of their priuileges & liberties, according to the grants and charters
+made to them by the former kings: he of a zealous mind to Christes
+religion, [Sidenote: _Matt. Paris._] abhorring their nation (and
+doubting some sorcerie by them to be practised) commanded that they
+should not come within the church when he should receiue the crowne, nor
+within the palace whilest he was at dinner.
+
+But at dinner time, among other that pressed in at the palace gate,
+diuerse of the Jewes were about to thrust in, [Sidenote: A Jew striken.]
+till one of them was striken by a Christian, who alledging the kings
+commandement, kept them backe from comming within the palace. Which some
+of the vnrulie people perceiuing, and supposing it had béene doone by
+the kings commandement, tooke lightlie occasion thereof, [Sidenote: The
+people fall vpon the Jewes and beat them.] and falling vpon the Jewes
+with staues, bats and stones, beat them and chased them home to their
+houses and lodgings. Héerewith rose a rumor through the citie, that the
+king had commanded the Jewes to be destroied, and therevpon came running
+togither, to assault them in their houses, which when they could not
+easilie breake vp nor enter, by reason the same were strongly builded,
+[Sidenote: Their houses are set on fire.] they set fire on them, so that
+diuers houses were consumed, not onelie of the Jewes, but also of their
+neighbours, so hideous was the rage of the fire. Here we see that
+    Regis ad exemplum totus componitur orbis.
+
+The king being aduertised of this riotous attempt of the outragious
+people, sent some of his councellours, as Ranulfe de Glanuille lord
+Justice, and other officers to appease the tumult: but their authoritie
+was nothing regarded, nor their persuasions any whit reuerenced, but
+their thretnings rather brought themselues in danger of life among the
+rude sort of those that were about to spoile, rob, and sacke the houses
+and shops of the Jewes: to the better accomplishment of which their
+vnlawfull act, the light that the fire of those houses which burned,
+gaue after it was once night, did minister no small helpe and occasion
+of furtherance. [Sidenote: Jewes burnt to death.] The Jewes that were in
+those houses which were set on fire, were either smoldred and burned to
+death within, or else at their comming foorth most cruellie receiued
+vpon the points of speares, billes, swords and gleaues of their
+aduersaries that watched for them verie diligentlie.
+
+This outrage of the furious and disordered people continued from the
+middest of the one day, till two of the clocke on the other; the commons
+all that while neuer ceassing their furie against that nation, but still
+killing them as they met with any of them, in most horrible, rash and
+vnreasonable maner. At length, rather wearied with their cruell dooings,
+than satisfied with spoile, or mooued with respect of reason or
+reuerence of their prince, they withdrew themselues from their riotous
+enterprise, after they had executed manie vnlawfull and horrible
+enormities. This great riot well deserued sore and gréeuous punishment,
+but yet it passed ouer without correction, in respect of the great
+number of the transgressors, and for that the most part of men for the
+hatred generallie concerned against the obstinate frowardnesse of the
+Jewes, liked the dooings hereof well inough, interpreting it to be a
+good token, that the ioifull daie of the kings aduancement to the crowne
+should be dolefull vnto the Jewes, in bringing them to such slaughter
+and destruction. Finallie, after that the tumult was ceassed, the king
+commanded that no man should hurt or harme any of the Jewes, and so they
+were restored to peace, after they had susteined infinit damage.
+
+¶ The occasion of this tragedie and bloudie tumult (redounding to the
+Jewes great vexation and pitifull distresse, but to the satisfieng of
+the peoples furious and vnbridled pronesse to crueltie) sprang
+principallie from the king, who if he had not so lightlie esteemed of
+the Jewes when they repaired vnto him with their present, in signe of
+submission and hope of obteining their sute then purposed to be
+exhibited; this hurlie burlie had not insued. For it was a violent
+example & a mightie motiue to the people to maligne the Jewes; as also a
+hart-gréefe to them in respect of their reiection, when the prince gaue
+them so discourteous a repulse. Here therefore is to be obserued, that
+the people is the princes ape, as one verie well saith. For looke
+whereto he is inclined, note wherein he delighteth; the same is the
+practise of the people: in consideration whereof the mightie ones of the
+world haue speciall cause to haue an eie to their course of life, & to
+set caueats before their actions, that the people may in them sée none
+but good signes of commendable & vertuous imitation. For
+    [Sidenote: _Pal. in suo sag._]
+        ---- regis imago
+    Vulgus, & ad mores accedere principis optat.
+    Qualis enim rex est talis quoque subditus illi
+    Esse solet populus, studijsque tenetur ijsdem.
+
+[Sidenote: A councell at Pipewell.] Shortlie after, to wit, the 15. day
+of September, a councell was holden at Pipewell, where the bishops and
+abbats being assembled, there were in presence of the king and of the
+archbishop of Canturburie elected certeine bishops and abbats to such
+places as then were vacant: and amongst other, William de Longchampe the
+kings chancellor was elected to the sée of Elie, [Sidenote: _Wil.
+Paruus._] Geffrey the kings bastard brother vnto the archbishoprike of
+Yorke, who was the 32. in number that had gouerned the same, Geffrey de
+Lucie to Winchester, one Hubert Walter to Salisburie, and Richard
+archdeacon of Elie, and the kings treasurer to the see of London. The
+abbeies that were prouided of abbats were these, Glastenburie,
+Shirborne, Persore and Feuersham. [Sidenote: The bishop of Whitherne
+consecrated. _Rog. Houed._] In like manner, John the elect of Whitherne
+was consecrated bishop of that see, by the hands of the archbishop of
+Dublin. Also in this councell the king ordeined Hugh bishop of Durham,
+and William Mandeuille earle of Albemarle, lord chéefe iustices of
+England, hauing deposed Ranulfe de Glanuille from that roome.
+
+Moreouer, the king being thus established in the estate of the kingdome,
+did not forget his iournie which he had promised into the holie land,
+but with all diligence made his prouision, and namelie he sought to
+gather monie to furnish his charges, and so therevpon leuied a tax,
+engaged, sold, and let to farme his lands, tols, customs, and other his
+reuenewes, [Sidenote: _Matt. Par._] with certeine counties and offices,
+so that he made an exceeding summe of monie. He also found, that Ranulfe
+de Glanuille lord chéefe iustice, and other of the head magistrates had
+not behaued themselues vprightlie in the administration of their
+offices; so that he both deposed the said lord cheefe iustice as is
+aforesaid, and almost all the shiriffes and their deputies within the
+realme of England, putting them to greeuous fines for their offenses and
+transgressions, and so by that meanes he got no small deale of monie.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] ¶ Here note by the waie, how William Paruus
+affirmeth, that where this Ranulfe Glanuille, being a man of high
+wisedome and stept into age, saw that, manie things were doone by the
+new king, not so aduisedlie, nor with such foresight as they ought to
+be, sought of his owne accord to be discharged of his office, that he
+might the better prepare himselfe to go in that iournie to the holie
+land, as by taking vpon him the crosse he had vowed in the daies of king
+Henrie, and so he solemnelie renounced his office, which other (nothing
+so worthie of it) did afterwards inioy.
+
+Moreouer, the king vnderstanding that Hugh Putsey or Pudsey bishop of
+Durham, being a verie aged man, had much monie, [Sidenote: The bishop of
+Durham Sadberge.] he sold to him the manour of Seggesfield or Sadberge,
+with the wapentake belonging to the same, and also found meanes to
+persuade him to buy his owne prouince, which he did, giuing to the king
+an inestimable summe of monie, [Sidenote: The bishop of Durham made an
+earle.] and was therevpon created an earle by the king for the same:
+wherevpon he was intituled both bishop and earle of Durham, whereat the
+king would iest afterwards and saie; "What a cunning craftesman am I,
+that haue made a new earle of an old bishop?"
+
+Furthermore, the same bishop gaue to the king a thousand markes to be
+made chéefe iustice of England, and that he might tarrie at home, and
+not go into the holie land. And bicause he would not be reprooued of any
+person, he obteined of the apostolike sée (which faileth no man that is
+surcharged with white or red mettall, and would be eased) a licence for
+a summe of monie to be dispensed with for that iournie. The king thus
+being earnestlie bent to make commoditie of those things, for the which
+he might get any monie at all, [Sidenote: The citizens of London present
+monie to the King. _Polydor._ Liberties granted to London. Two
+bailiffes.] the citizens of London presented vnto him a great summe
+towards the furnishing foorth of his enterprise. Wherevpon to acquite
+their courtesie, he granted them large priuileges, and ordeined that the
+citie should be ruled by two head officers, which they should choose
+amongst themselues remoueable from yeare to yeare by the name of
+bailiffes. The names of the two first bailiffes chosen by force of that
+ordinance, were[1] Henrie Cornehill, and Richard Fitz Reiner.
+
+The citie before those daies euer since the comming in of William
+Conquerour, and a good while before his time, [Sidenote: Port Greues.]
+was gouerned by certeine officers or rulers named Port Greues (which
+word is deriued of two Saxon words, as Port and Greue. By Port is meant
+a towne, and by Greue a gardian or ruler, as who should saie, A kéeper
+or ruler of a towne.) These rulers with[2] the lawes & customes then
+vsed within this citie, were registered in a booke called (as some haue
+said) Doomesdaie, but through negligence after these lawes and customes
+were changed and altered, the booke was lost, so that the remembrance of
+such rulers as were before the daies of this Richard the first are not
+to be had. These bailiffes euer entred at Michaelmasse, and so continued
+foorth their yeare.
+
+Thus began the citie first to receiue the forme and state of a
+common-wealth, and to be diuided into felowships, which they call crafts
+or corporations. Such also are admitted to the fellowships of these
+companies, [Sidenote: Apprentises.] as haue truelie serued as
+apprentises a certeine number of yeares, as seuen at the least, vnder
+which time of seruice expired, there is none made frée, nor suffered to
+inioy the liberties of that citie, sauing such as are borne free,
+[Sidenote: Fréemen.] that is to saie, of fréemen within the citie, of
+whome at this time, it is not much materiall to make any further report.
+The citie thus consisting of the said craftes or occupations, chooseth
+out of the same a senat or companie of graue councellours, whom they
+name Aldermen (E) changed into (A) according to the old Saxon
+pronuntiation. [Sidenote: Wards.] It is also diuided into 26. tribes or
+wards, of the which euerie one hath his seuerall Alderman, or ouerseer,
+who haue both authoritie sufficient, and large priuileges to mainteine
+the good gouernement of their portions withall. Out of the number of
+these, there is another officer yearelie chosen and appointed,
+[Sidenote: The Maior.] called the Maior, who ruleth all the rest.
+
+But now to returne vnto the further dooings of king Richard before his
+departure out of England towards his iournie into the land of Palestine,
+commonlie called Holie land, it is said, he made such sale of things
+apperteining to him, as well in right of the crowne, as otherwise,
+[Sidenote: K. Richard setteth things on sale. _Ran. Higd._ _Wil.
+Paruus._] that it séemed to diuerse he made his reckoning neuer to
+returne againe, in so much that some of his councellours told him
+plainelie, that he did not well in making things awaie so freelie, to
+the dishonoring of his maiestie, and preiudice of his successour; vnto
+whome he answered, "that in time of need it was no euill policie for a
+man to help himselfe with his owne," and further ioined hereto these
+words, "that if London at that time of néed would be bought, he would
+surelie sell it, if he might méet with a conuenient merchant that were
+able to giue him monie inough for it."
+
+Another way he had also to gather riches, and that was this. He had a
+licence of pope Innocent the third, to dispense with such as pleased him
+within his realme, for their vowes made to go into the holie land,
+although they had taken on them the crosse for that purpose, namelie
+such as he should appoint to remaine behind him for the defense of his
+countrie: and of these also he tooke abundantlie, and diuerse other he
+compelled to fine, namelie, to the end that he might get their monie
+likewise, that hereby he obteined no small summe toward the furniture of
+his iournie. But both pope & prince forgat in the meane while, that
+    Boni pastoris est tondere pecus non excoriare.
+
+This yeare also in the moneth of Nouember, as Matthew Paris saith,
+Johannes de Anagnia a cardinall and legat from the pope arriued here in
+England, comming on land at Douer, and bicause the king was as then in
+the north parts, the same cardinall was prohibited on the behalfe of the
+kings mother quéene Elianor, to passe any further without the kings
+commandement. And so he staied there thirtéene daies at the charges of
+the archbishop of Canturburie, till the king came to those parties, by
+whose wisedome a direction was taken for the quieting of the
+controuersie betwixt the archbishop, and the moonkes of Canturburie, for
+the chappell church of Hakington now called S. Stephans.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._] In the same moneth of Nouember, by the kings
+appointment, Geffrey the elect of Yorke, who was the kings brother, with
+other barons and lords of Yorkeshire, [Sidenote: William king of Scots.]
+receiued William king of Scotland at the water of Tweed, and from thence
+with all due reuerence and honour they brought him vnto Canturburie,
+[Sidenote: A councell called at Canturburie. _Polydor._ An oth. _Matth.
+Paris._] where the king had called a councell of the lords of his realme
+both spirituall and temporall, in the which euerie of them tooke an oth
+to be true to the king, and to continue in due obedience vnder him and
+his lawes, which oth also the king of Scots receiued, being there
+present, and likewise king Richards brethren earle John and Geffrey the
+archbishop of Yorke.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _Polydor._] The king of Scots therefore
+hauing receiued this oth, and thinking the time to serue his purpose for
+redéeming of those castels, which were deliuered to king Henrie as gages
+for his ransome, paid now vnto king Richard ten thousand markes,
+[Sidenote: Restitution made to the K. of Scots. _Wil. Paruus._] and had
+restitution for the same, that is of Berwike, Roxburgh, Sterling, and
+Edenburgh. But William Paruus saieth, that Edenburgh was restored to him
+in the daies of king Henrie, by reason of his wife which he tooke in the
+parties beyond the seas: and herewith agréeth the Scotish chronicle.
+King Richard also assigned to queene Elianor his mother, the accustomed
+dower, with manie lordships and honours beside, as an augmentation
+thereof. [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] About which time died William de
+Mandeuille earle of Albemarle at Rouen, and Hugh de Putsey the nephue of
+the bishop of Durham died at Aclet, and was buried at Durham. [Sidenote:
+_N. Triuet._] Also Formalis archbishop of Trier died at Northampton, and
+was there buried in the church of S. Andrews.
+
+In the meane time, king Richard still desirous to furnish himselfe with
+monie, deuised yet another shift, and feigned that he had lost his
+seale; wherefore he commanded a new to be made, which being doone, he
+caused it to be proclaimed and published in euerie countrie, [Sidenote:
+_Matth. Paris._] that those to whome he had granted any thing by his
+déed or charter, meaning to inioy the same in suretie, should not thinke
+it much to come and haue it confirmed by his new seale, least afterward
+the other being lost, their lawfull titles might be called into
+question. Wherevpon manie that could not come to him whilest he was in
+England, were glad to follow him, and saile ouer into Normandie, and
+there to fine at his pleasure for the new seale, to the end that their
+writings might be confirmed thereby, and made so much the more sure to
+them and their successours. For the same businesse also Remigius the
+prior of S. Albons, and manie other went ouer to their great costs,
+charges, and trauell, after he was transported into France.
+
+I find moreouer about the same time, that the kings brother earle John
+exhibited a sore complaint against the Romane legat and other bishops,
+for that the archbishop of Canturburie, after the appeale made vnto the
+apostolike sea, had put his lands vnder interdiction for his mariage
+made with the earle of Glocesters daughter: which when the legat heard,
+he foorthwith confirmed the appeale, and released the earles lands of
+the aforesaid interdiction. The same time also, the tenth part of all
+the mooueable goods thorough the realme of England was leuied to the aid
+of the warres in the holie land. And this collection passing vnder the
+name of an almes, was extended vpon the goods as well of the spirituall
+men as temporall.
+
+After all this, K. Richard desirous to set order in the gouernment of
+his realme, [Sidenote: Hugh bishop of Durham gouerneth the north parts.
+_Matth. Paris._] appointed Hugh bishop of Durham to haue the rule of the
+north parts as cheefe iustice from Humber northwards toward Scotland,
+deliuering vnto him also the keeping of Winchester castell: the residue
+of the kingdome (with the custodie of the towre) he assigned to the
+gouernance of William Longchampe bishop of Elie, [Sidenote: William
+Lōgchampe bishop of Elie.] whome he had made cheefe iustice of that
+part, and chancellour of the realme, a man of great diligence and
+knowledge in the administration of things, but verie factious and
+desirous of rule, honour and riches farre aboue all measure. And with
+these two he ioined in commission Hugh Bardulfe, William Marshall earle
+of Chepstow, or rather Penbrooke, Geffrey Fitz-Peter, & William Brewer,
+men of great honour, wisedome, and discretion.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ King Richard passeth ouer in to Normandie.] On
+the fift day of December, he departed from Canturburie, and went to
+Douer, there to take water, and so on the eleuenth day of December he
+passed ouer vnto Calice, where he found Philip earle of Flanders readie
+to receiue him, who attended vpon him till he came into Normandie,
+[Sidenote: 1190.] where the king held his Christmas at Burun, [Sidenote:
+_Vadum sancti Remigij._ A league betwixt y^e kings of England and
+France.] and immediatlie came to an enteruiew with the French king at
+Gue S. Remige, where they concluded peace togither, to be kept betwixt
+them & their countries on ech part; the which was put in writing, and
+confirmed with their oths and seales in the feast of saint Hilarie.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._] Furthermore, about the purification of our
+ladie, Elianor the quéene mother, and the ladie Alice sister to the
+French king, Baldwine archbishop of Canturburie, John bishop of
+Norwhich, Hugh bishop of Durham, Geffrey bishop of Winchester, Reignold
+bishop of Bath, William Bishop of Elie, Hubert bishop of Salisburie, and
+Hugh bishop of Chester, with Geffrey the elect of Yorke and John earle
+of Mortaigne the kings two brethren, by commandement of the king passed
+ouer into Normandie, to commen with him before his setting forward.
+
+¶ Some write, that now at this present, the king should ordeine or
+rather confirme the bishop of Elie his chancellour to be lord chéefe
+iustice ouer all England, and the bishop of Durham to be lord iustice
+from Trent northwards. [Sidenote: Contention betwixt two ambitious
+bishops.] But whensoeuer they were thus aduanced to such dignities,
+howsoeuer they came by them, directlie or indirectlie, true it is, that
+immediatlie therevpon, strife and discord did arise betwixt them: for
+waxing proud and insolent, they disdained ech other, contending which of
+them should bare most rule and authoritie, insomuch that whatsoeuer
+séemed good to the one, the other misliked, as in cases where[3]
+parteners in authoritie are equall, it often happeneth. The like hereof
+is noted before betwéene the archbishops of Canturburie and Yorke in
+diuerse kings reignes. For the nature of ambition is to delight in
+singularitie, to admit no peere, to giue place to no superior, to
+acknowledge no equall. Hereto alludeth the poet verie neatlie, and
+exemplifieth it in the old Romans, the order of whose actions is
+continued at this day, as by the words insuing may be gathered, and
+ordinarilie obserued booth here and elsewhere;
+    [Sidenote: _M. Pal. in sua virg._]
+                                 ---- olim
+    Romulidæ orabant, iacto post terga pudore
+    Plebeios, quoties suffragia venabantur,
+    Cerdonúmq; animos precibus seruilibus atq;
+    Turpibus obsequijs captabant, muneribúsq;
+    Vt proprijs rebus curarent publica omissis;
+    Pérq; forum medium multis comitantibus irent,
+    Inflati vt vento folles, ac fronte superba, &c.
+
+Moreouer, at the same time he caused his two brethren, earle John, and
+Geffrey the elect archbishop of Yorke to take an oth not to returne into
+England during the terme of thrée yeares next insuing, without his
+consent and licence first had. This he did, foreséeing what might
+happen, prouiding as it were against such practises as his brethren
+might happilie attempt against him. But yet his mother quéene Elianor
+procured him to reuoke that decree immediatlie, least it might seeme to
+the world, that hir sonnes should stand in feare one of another.
+[Sidenote: Erle John licenced to returne into England.] And so the earle
+of Mortaigne was licenced to returne into England at his pleasure,
+swearing an oth at his departure to obeie the kings beheast, and truelie
+to serue him, according to the dutie of a good and loiall subiect. The
+bishop of Elie lord chancellour and cheefe iustice of England was also
+sent backe hither into this realme, to set forward things behoouefull
+for the kings iournie.
+
+[Sidenote: The bishop of Elie returneth.] In like maner the king sent to
+Rome to obteine that the said bishop of Elie might be constituted the
+popes legat through both the prouinces of Canturburie and Yorke, and
+likewise through Wales and Ireland. Which was soone granted by the
+bulles of pope Clement the third, bearing date the 5. of June. For the
+which office the bishops gaue him 1500. marks, to the great offense of
+the king, as he shewed afterward to cardinall Octauian that came to
+visit him when he arriued in the riuer of Tiber, being vpon his iourneie
+towards Messina, as after may appeare. But in the meanetime, calling
+togither the lords, and peeres of those his dominions on that side the
+sea, [Sidenote: _Polydor._] to wit, Normandie, Britaine, Aniou, Poitou,
+and Guien, he consulted with them what number of soldiors and how many
+ships it should be conuenient for him to take with him and furnish into
+Asia: and herewith he did command them also to obeie Robert earle of
+Leicester, whome he appointed to remaine amongst them as his lieutenant
+or vicegerent of those parts during his absence.
+
+¶ But here to leaue king Richard in consultation for matters
+appertaining to his iournie, and shew brieflie what happened (by the
+waie) to the Jewes, [Sidenote: _W. Paruus._] which as then dwelt heere
+in England, after that king Richard was passed ouer into Normandie: ye
+haue heard how after the riot against them at London, when the king was
+crowned, he tooke order that they should remaine in peace vnder his
+protection, and commanded that no person should in anie wise molest
+them. But now after that he was gone ouer, and that the souldiers (which
+prepared themselues to follow him) began to assemble in routs, the heads
+of the common people began to wax wild and faine would they haue had
+some occasion of raising a new tumult against the Jewes, [Sidenote: The
+hatred borne to the Jewes.] whome (for their vnmercifull vsurie
+practised to the vndooing of manie an honest man) they most deadlie
+hated, wishing most earnestlie their expulsion out of England. Hervpon
+by reason of a riot committed latelie against them, at the towne of Lin
+in Norfolke, where manie of them were slaine, other people in other
+parts of the realme, taking occasion hereat, as if they had béene called
+vp by the sound of a bell or trumpet, arose against them in those townes
+where they had any habitations, and robbed and bet them after a
+disordered and most riotous maner.
+
+[Sidenote: _Iohn Textor._] As at Stamford (on the faire day in Lent); at
+Lincolne and at Yorke, in which citie after a number of them had béene
+besieged certeine daies within a towre of the kings (whither they fled
+for succour) one of their learned gouernours caused foure hundred of
+their companie to consent to haue their throts cut one at an others
+hands, [Sidenote: Fiue hundred saith _Houeden_ and _Textor_] he himselfe
+cutting his wiues throt first, whose name was Anna, then his childrens,
+one after another, and last of all slue himselfe onelie rather than he
+would fall into the hands of the christians, that had thus long besieged
+them. The rest perceiuing what their great Rabbi had doone, set fire
+vpon all their goods and substance, which they had gotten into the tower
+with them, and so consuming the same, would haue burnt also the residue
+of their fellowes which would not agrée to the Rabbies counsell, in the
+cruell murthering of themselues, if they had not taken a strong turret
+hard by within that tower, and defended themselues both from the fire
+and crueltie of their brethren, who had made awaie themselues in such
+manner as I haue said: and that to the number of foure hundred, or (as
+some write) fiue hundred at the least.
+
+On the morow, those that were saued, called out to the people, and not
+onelie shewed how and after what sort their fellowes were dispatched,
+but also offered to be baptised, and forsake their Judaisme, if they
+might haue their liues saued from the imminent & present danger wherein
+they saw themselues to be wrapped, through the furie of the people. To
+be short, this thing was granted, and they came foorth, howbeit they
+were no sooner entred into the prease, but they were all slaine, and not
+one man of them preserued.
+
+After this also, the people ran to the cathedrall church, and broke into
+those places where their bonds and obligations laie, by the which they
+had diuerse of the kings subiects bound vnto them in most vnconscionable
+sort, and for such detestable vsurie as (if the authors that write
+thereof were not of credit) would hardlie be beleeued. All which
+euidences or bonds they solemnelie burned in the middest of the church.
+After which, ech went his waie, the souldiers to the king, and the
+commons to their houses, and so was the citie quieted. This happened at
+Yorke on Palmesundaie eeue, being the 17. of March: and vpon the 15. of
+that moneth, those that inhabited in the towne of S. Edmundsburie in
+Suffolke, were set vpon, and manie of them slaine. The residue that
+escaped, through the procurement of the abbat then named Samson, were
+expelled, so that they neuer had anie dwellings there since that time.
+
+Thus were the Jewes vnmercifullie dealt with in all places in maner
+through this realme, the first beginning whereof chanced at London (as
+before ye haue heard) and the next at Lin, of which I thinke it good to
+note some part of the maner therof, although breeflie, and so to returne
+to my purpose. The occasion therefore of the tumult at Lin chanced by
+this meanes: it fortuned that one of the Jewes there was become a
+christian, wherewith those of his nation were so mooued, that they
+determined to kill him where soeuer they might find him. And herevpon
+they set vpon him one daie as he came by, through the streets: he to
+escape their hands fled to the next church; but his countriemen were so
+desirous to execute their malicious purpose, that they followed him
+still, and inforced themselues to breake into the church vpon him.
+Herewith the noise being raised by the christians that sought to saue
+the conuerted Jew, a number of mariners being forreners, that were
+arriued there with their vessells out of sundrie parts, and diuerse also
+of the townesmen came to the rescue, and setting vpon the Jewes, caused
+them to flee into their houses.
+
+The townesmen were not verie earnest in pursuing of them, bicause of the
+kings proclamation and ordinance before time made in fauour of the
+Jewes: [Sidenote: The slaughter made of the Jews at Lin.] but the
+mariners followed them to their houses, slue diuerse of them, robbed and
+sacked their goods, and finallie set their dwellings on fire, and so
+burnt them vp altogither. These mariners being inriched with the spoile
+of the Jewes goods, and fearing to be called to accompt for their
+vnlawfull act by the kings officers, got them foorthwith to shipboord,
+and hoising vp sailes, departed with their ships to the sea, and so
+escaped the danger of that which might haue béene otherwise laid to
+their charge. The townesmen being called to an accompt excused
+themselues by the mariners, burdening them with all the fault. But
+although they of Lin were thus excused, yet they of Yorke escaped not so
+easilie. For the king being aduertised of such outrage, doone contrarie
+to the order of his lawes and expresse commandement, wrote ouer to the
+bishop of Elie his chancellour, charging him to take cruell punishment
+of the offenders.
+
+The bishop with an armie went to Yorke, but the cheefe authors of the
+riot hearing of his comming, fled into Scotland: yet the bishop at his
+comming to the citie, caused earnest inquirie to be made of the whole
+matter. The citizens excused themselues, & offered to proue that they
+were not of counsel with them that had committed the riot, neither had
+they aided nor comforted them therein an anie maner of wise. And in déed
+the most part of them that were the offenders, were of the countries and
+townes néere to the citie, with such as were crossed into the holie
+land, and now gone ouer to the king, so that verie few or none of the
+substantiall men of the citie were found to haue ioined with them.
+[Sidenote: The citizens of Yorke put to their fine for slaughter of the
+Jewes.] Howbeit this would not excuse the citizens, but that they were
+put to their fine by the stout Bishop, euerie of them paieng his portion
+according to his power and abilitie in substance, the common sort of the
+poore people being pardoned, and not called into iudgement, sith the
+ringleaders were fled and gone out of the waie: and thus much by waie of
+digression touching the Jews.
+
+Now to returne vnto the king, who in this meane time was verie busie to
+prouide all things necessarie to set forward on his iournie; his ships
+which laie in the mouth of the riuer of Saine, being readie to put off,
+he tooke order in manie points concerning the state of the common-wealth
+on that side, and chéefelie he called to mind, that it should be a thing
+necessarie for him, to name who should succeed him in the kingdome of
+England, if his chance should not be to returne againe from so long and
+dangerous a iournie. [Sidenote: _Matt. West._] He therefore named (as
+some suppose) his nephue Arthur, the sonne of his brother Geffrey duke
+of Britaine, to be his successour in the kingdome, a yoong man of a
+likelie proofe and princelie towardnesse, but not ordeined by God to
+succéed ouer this kingdome.
+
+About the same time the bishop of Elie, lord chancellour and cheefe
+iustice of England, tooke vp to the kings vse, of euerie citie in
+England two palfries and two sumpter horsses, & of euerie abbeie one
+palfrie and one sumpter horsse, & euerie manour within the realme found
+also one palfrie and one sumpter horsse. Moreouer, the said bishop of
+Elie, deliuered the gouernement of Yorkeshire to his brother Osbert de
+Longchampe: and all those knights of the said shire, the which would not
+come to make answer to the law vpon summons giuen them, he commanded to
+be apprehended and by and by cast in prison. Also when the bishop of
+Durham was returned from the king and come ouer into England to go vnto
+his charge, at his meeting with the lord chancellour at Elie
+(notwithstanding that he shewed him his letters patents of the grant
+made to him to be iustice from Trent northward) the said lord
+chancellour taking his iournie to Southwell with him, [Sidenote: The
+bishop of Durham restreined of libertie.] there deteined him as
+prisoner, till he had made surrender to him of the castell of Windsor, &
+further had deliuered to him his sonnes, Henrie de Putsey, and Gilbert
+de la Ley, as pledges that he should keepe the peace against the king
+and all his subiects, vntill the said prince should returne from the
+holie land. And so he was deliuered for that time, though shortlie
+after, and whilest he remained at Houeden, there came to him Osbert de
+Longchampe the lord chancellours brother, and William de Stuteuille, the
+which caused the said bishop to find sufficient suretie that he should
+not thence depart without the kings licence, or the lord chancellors, so
+long as the king should be absent. Herevpon the bishop of Durham sent
+knowledge to the king how and in what sort he had béene handled by the
+chancellor.
+
+In the meane time the king was gone into Gascoigne, [Sidenote: William
+de Chisi.] where he besieged a castell that belonged to one William de
+Chisi, and tooke both the castell and the owner, whome he caused to be
+hanged for the spoiles and robberies which he had committed vpon
+pilgrims that passed by those parts toward Compostella, to visit the
+bodie of saint James. After this, the king came backe vnto Chinon in
+Aniou, [Sidenote: The kings nauie is set foorth.] and there tooke order
+for the setting foorth of his nauie by sea, ouer which he appointed
+chéefe gouernours Gerard archbishop of Aux, Bernard bishop of Baieux,
+[Sidenote: Baion. Sablius, or Sabuille.] Robert de Sablius, Richard de
+Camuille[4], and William de Fortz de Vlerun, commanding all those that
+should passe foorth with his said nauie, to be obedient vnto these
+persons as his deputies and lieutenants. Herewith they were appointed to
+prouide victuals to serue all those that should go by sea for the space
+of 60 daies.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] The king also made the same time certeine
+ordinances to be obserued among the seafaring men which tended to this
+effect:
+
+     [Sidenote: Slaiers of men.]
+     1 First, that if any man chanced to slea an other on the
+     shipboord, he should be bound to the dead bodie and so throwne
+     into the sea.
+
+     2 Secondlie, if he killed him on land, he should yet be bound to
+     him as before, and so buried quicke togither.
+
+     [Sidenote: Brallers. Punishment for blouddrawers.]
+     3 Thirdlie, if any man should be conuicted by lawfull witnesse,
+     that he drew any weapon to strike any other, or chanced by
+     striking at any man to draw bloud of him that was smitten, he
+     should lose his hand.
+
+     4 Fourthlie, if he gaue but a blowe with his fist without
+     bloudshedding, he should be plunged three seuerall times ouer
+     head and eares in the water.
+
+     [Sidenote: Reuilers.]
+     5 Fifthlie, if any man reuiled another, he should for euerie time
+     so misusing himselfe, forfeit an ounce of siluer.
+
+     [Sidenote: Theft and pickeries.]
+     6 Sixtlie, that if anie man were taken with theft or pickerie,
+     and thereof conuicted, he should haue his head polled, and hot
+     pitch powred vpon his pate, and vpon that, the feathers of some
+     pillow or cushion shaken aloft, that he might thereby be knowne
+     for a theefe, and at the next arriuall of the ships to any land,
+     be put foorth of the companie to seeke his aduenture, without all
+     hope of returne vnto his fellowes.
+
+These were the statutes which this famous prince did enact at the first
+for his nauie, which sithens that time haue been verie much inlarged.
+About the same time John Bishop of Whiterne in Scotland, suffragane to
+the church of Yorke, ordeined Geffrey archbishop of Yorke, préest.
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] At the same season also the election of the
+same Geffrey was confirmed by pope Clement, who among other things that
+he wrote to the chapiter of Yorke on his behalfe, in the end he addeth
+these words: "We do therefore admonish you all, and by the apostolicall
+bulles command you, that you exhibit both reuerence and honour vnto him
+as vnto your prelat, that thereby you may appeare commendable both
+before God and man. Giuen at Lateran in the nones of March and third
+yeare of our gouernment."
+
+Whilest these things were in dooing, there came into France legats from
+the said Clement, to mooue the two kings to make all the spéed possible
+towards their iourneie, bicause of the great danger wherein things stood
+in Palestine, requiring present helpe. Herevpon king Richard (his men
+and prouision being readie) commanded that his ships should set forward,
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._ King Richard set forward on his iournie. _Rog.
+Houed._] & to coast about by the streicts of Giberalterre to come vnto
+Marseilles, where he appointed to méet them, and so with a chosen
+companie of men he also set foorth thitherwards by land, and comming to
+Tours, receiued the scrip and staffe as a pilgrime should, at the hands
+of the archbishop there.
+
+After this, both the kings of England and France met at Vizeley in the
+octaues of the natiuitie of S. John Baptist, and when they had remained
+there two daies they passed foorth to the citie of Lion; [Sidenote: An.
+Reg. 2.] where the two kings departed in sunder, and each one kept his
+iournie, the one toward Guenes, where his nauie was appointed to come to
+him, and the other to Marseilles, there to méet with his fléet,
+according to his appointment. [Sidenote: The English fléet staied by
+contrarie winds.] But the English ships being let and staied by the way
+by contrarie winds and rigorous tempests, which tossed them[5] to and
+fro vpon the coasts of Spaine, could not come in any conuenient time
+vnto Marseilles, [Sidenote: Twentie gallies & twelue other vessels saith
+_Houed._] so that king Richard thinking long to tarrie for them, &
+perceiuing they could not kéepe their appointed time, he hired ships
+from all places thereabouts, and embarking himselfe and his men in the
+same, [Sidenote: Vpon the seauenth day of August saith _Houeden_.] vpon
+saint Laurence euen, sailed foorth towards Sicile, where he was
+appointed to méet with king Philip.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] Here is to be noted, that king Richard made
+not all that iourneie from Marseilles to Messina by sea, but sundrie
+times comming on land, hired horsses, and rode foorth alongst the coast,
+appointing with his ships and gallies where to meet him, and sometimes
+he rested certeine daies togither in one place or other as at
+Portdelphin, at Naples, and at Salerne, from whence there departed from
+him Baldwine archbishop of Canturburie, Hubert bishop of Salisburie, and
+the lord Ranulfe de Glanuille, the which taking vpon them to go before,
+with prosperous wind and weather in short space landed at Acon, which
+was then besieged, as you shall heare hereafter.
+
+At Rome the king came not, but being within the streame of the riuer of
+Tiber, there came to him a cardinall named Octauianus, bishop of Hostia,
+[Sidenote: King Richard blameth the court of Rome for couetousnesse.] to
+whome be spake manie reprochfull words of the couetousnesse vsed in the
+court of Rome (a vice reputed the common nursse of all mischéefes, as
+one verie well noteth,
+    Vbi auaritia est, habitant fermè omnia ibidem
+    Flagitia, impietas, periuria, furta, rapinæ,
+    Fraudes atq; doli, insidiæq; & proditiones,
+    Iurgia & infandæ cædes, &c.)
+Bicause they had receiued seauen hundred marks for the consecration of
+the bishop of Mauns, and 1500. marks for the confirming of the bishop of
+Elie the popes legat. And againe no small summe of monie they had
+receiued of the archbishop of Burdeaux, when vpon an accusation brought
+against him by the cleargie of his prouince he should haue béene
+deposed. In the meane time whiles king Richard thus passed forward
+towards Messina, the nauie that was appointed to coast about Spaine and
+to méet him at Marseilles, was tossed (as before is said) with wind and
+tempests, and a part thereof, that is, to wit, ten ships driuen here and
+there on the coasts of Spaine, of which number nine arriued at Lisbone
+and the tenth being a ship of London arriued at the citie of Sylua,
+which was then the vttermost citie of Spaine, that was inhabited with
+christians.
+
+The Saracens at that time made warres against the king of Portingale, so
+that the Portingales stood in néed of aid, in so much that they of Sylua
+did not onelie intreat the Englishmen to staie with them for a time, but
+also got grant of them to breake their ship, with the timber whereof
+they might the better fortifie their towne, promising that their king
+should recompense them with an other as good as theirs, and also further
+satisfie them for their seruice, during the time of their abode therein
+defense of that citie. Likewise of those that arriued at Lisbone there
+went to the number of fiue hundred vnto saint Iranes, [Sidenote: The king
+of Portingale.] where the king of Portingale then was, looking to be
+assaulted by his enimies: [Sidenote: Almiramumoli king of the Saracens.]
+but by the counterfet[6] death of the great K. of the Saracens named
+Boiac Almiramumoli (who feared these new succours, and doubted the
+sequele of his dooings, to the end he might depart with honour, he
+fained himselfe dead) the king of Portingale was for that time
+presentlie deliuered out of danger.
+
+Herevpon he returned to Lisbone, where he found three score and thrée
+other ships of king Richards nauie there newlie arriued, [Sidenote:
+Robert de Sabuuille. Richard de Camuille.] ouer the which were chéefe
+capteins Robert de Sabuuille, and Richard de Camuille: which at their
+comming to land could not so gouerne their people, but that some
+naughtie fellowes amongst them fell to breaking and robbing of orchards:
+some also entring into the citie, behaued themselues verie disorderlie.
+But yet by the comming of the king, their lewdnesse was staied; so that
+he seemed not to séeke reuenge of the pilgrims, but rather with
+courteous meanes to bridle their vnlawfull attempts: wherevnto the
+diligence of the English capteines not a little preuailed for a while,
+but yet for all that could be done on both sides, within three daies
+after, a new tumult was raised betwixt the English pilgrims and the
+townesmen, and diuerse hurt and killed on either part.
+
+[Sidenote: A mutinie betwixt the Englishmen and the townsmen of
+Lisbone.] Wherevpon the king caused the gates of the citie to be shut,
+and all those that were come from the ships into the citie to eat and
+drinke (being in number about seauen hundred) were apprehended and
+committed to ward: [Sidenote: Englishmen committed to prison.] and
+before they could be released, sir Robert Sabuuille and sir Richard
+Camuille were glad to agree with the king, so as all former offenses
+being remitted, and things taken by either part restored, the Englishmen
+promised to obserue the peace against the king of Portingale and his
+people; and he likewise couenanted for him and his subiects, that they
+should kéepe the peace against all pilgrims that went foorth in this
+voiage, and vse them like his fréends, and thus the quarell ceased.
+
+Soone after, the English nauie departed from Lisbone, and came into the
+mouth of the riuer of Taie, betwéene Caperico and Belem, where the same
+daie on saint James éeue the lord William de Forzdulerun arriued also
+with thrée and thirtie other ships, [Sidenote: The English ships méet
+togither.] and so then they were in all about an hundred and six sailes
+verie well furnished and manned, and so from thence taking their course
+towards Marseilles, finallie they arriued there in the octaues of the
+assumption of our ladie; and staieng there an eight daies (till they had
+repaired such things about their ships as were néedfull) they set
+forward againe, and came to Messina in Sicile in the feast of the
+exaltation of the crosse. On the sunday following also came the French
+king thither, hauing lost no small part of his nauie by tempests of
+weather.
+
+[Sidenote: They arriue at Messina.] King Richard as then remained at
+Salern, and hearing that his nauie was gone towards Messina, he departed
+thence on the thirteenth day of September, and hasted forth towards
+Messina, passing by Melphi and Cocenza, and so at length comming to Faro
+de Messina, he passed the same, [Sidenote: K. Richard arriueth at
+Messina.] and on the 23. day of September arriued at Messina with great
+noise of trumpets and other instruments, to the woonder of the French
+king and others that beheld his great puissance and roiall behauiour now
+at this comming. The same time he went vnto the French kings lodging, to
+commen with him of their businesse: and immediatlie the French king
+tooke the sea, in purpose to haue passed forward on his iournie but by
+contrarie wind he was staied and kept backe within the hauen, wherevpon
+both the kings determined to winter there, and in the meane time to
+prouide themselues of alle things necessarie for their iournie, against
+the beginning of the next spring. On the 30. of September he receiued
+his sister the quéene of Sicile, the widow of William the late king of
+that Ile, whom he placed in a strong fortresse, which he tooke the same
+day and left therein a conuenient garison of men of armes and demilances
+for the safegard of the place and of his said sister.
+
+¶ But now for the better vnderstanding of the cause of such quarelling
+as fell out betwixt the Englishmen and the Sicilians, yée shall
+vnderstand that a little before the arriuall of the kings of England and
+France in those parts, king William of Sicile was departed this life,
+leauing no issue behind him. Wherevpon the lords of the Ile elected one
+Tancred to their king, a bastard sonne of Roger sometime king of that
+land, and grandfather to this last decessed king William. This Tancred
+though he receiued king Richard verie courteouslie; yet he greatlie
+trusted him not, bicause he demanded the dowrie of his sister quéene
+Joane, wife to the late king William to be restored, whereas he had not
+readie monie to discharge it.
+
+[Sidenote: A chaire of gold.] Furthermore to depart with the citie of
+Mount saint Angelo; with all the countrie therevnto belonging; which was
+indéed assigned to hir for hir dowrie, he thought in no wise profitable:
+[Sidenote: K. Richards demands for the dowrie of his sister wife to K.
+William.] but king Richard did not onelie require that citie and countie
+with a chaire of gold, according to the custome of that kingdome in
+right of his sister, as due to hir by way of hir dowrie, but also he
+required to his owne vse a table of gold conteining twelue foot in
+length, and one foot and a halfe in breadth, & two tressels of gold to
+beare vp the same table, with 24. siluer cups, and as manie dishes of
+siluer, with a tent of silke of such largenesse that two hundred knights
+might sit at meat within it: also fortie thousand measures of wheat,
+with as manie of barlie, and as manie of wine, beside one hundred armed
+gallies, with all furniture and vittels sufficient to serue the
+gallie-men in the same for the terme of two yeares. These things he
+demanded as due to him being heire to his father king Henrie,
+accordinglie as was deuised by king William in his last will and
+testament, which demands seemed intollerable to the said Tancred: so
+that if he could haue shifted the matter, he was loth to haue heard
+thereof.
+
+Moreouer, bicause pope Clement in right of the church pretended a title
+to the realme of Sicile, now that king William was dead without heires,
+he doubted of some practise that might be made against him betwixt king
+Richard and the pope. Wherevpon he thought to prouide against all
+attempts that might be made, fortifieng his townes & castels with strong
+garisons, and tooke counsell with the citizens of Messina, by what
+meanes he might soonest dispatch his countrie of that present danger,
+and procure K. Richard to get him forward on his iournie.
+
+Whilest these things were in hand, there was ministred to the English
+men occasion of displeasure: for as it oftentimes chanceth (where an
+armie is) certeine of the vnrulie souldiers within Messina vsed
+themselues somewhat riotouslie, wherevpon the citizens offended
+therewith, got them to armour, and chased all the souldiers out of the
+citie. King Richard who laie in campe without the walles néere to the
+citie, was so highlie displeased herewith, that he caused his men to
+arme themselues, and to prepare ladders and other necessarie things to
+assault the citie: but by the mediation of the French king & curteous
+excuse of king Tancred (alledging the fault to rest onelie in a sort of
+rude citizens, whome he promised to punish) the matter was taken vp, and
+staied for a time, till at length it was perceiued, that the Sicilians
+subtilie went about to feed king Richard with faire words, till he
+should be readie to set forwards on his iournie, and so should the
+matter passe without further punishment.
+
+Herevpon king Richard, not minding to be so mocked at their hands,
+approched one daie to the wals and gates with his armie in good araie of
+battell to giue the assault, [Sidenote: K. Richard assalteth and entreth
+the citie by force.] which was doone so earnestlie, and so well
+mainteined, that finallie the citie was entred by force, and manie of
+the citizens slaine, but the slaughter had béene much greater, if king
+Richard had not commanded his men to spare the sword, mooued with the
+lamentable noise of poore people crieng to him for mercie and grace. The
+Englishmen hauing got possession of the citie pight vp the banners with
+the armes of the king of England round about the wals, wherewith the
+French king was sore displeased, and required that the same might be
+taken downe, and his set vp: but the king of England would not so agrée.
+Neuerthelesse to pacifie the French kings mood, he deliuered the citie
+of Messina into the custodie of the knights Templers and Hospitalers,
+till he might be satisfied of such things as he demanded of king
+Tancred.
+
+After this on the 8. daie of October, the two kings of England and
+France, before a great number of earles, barons, and others, both of the
+cleargie and temporaltie, [Sidenote: The two kings of England and France
+receiue a solemne oth.] tooke their solemne othes, that the one should
+defend the other, and also either others armie in this iournie, both
+comming and going, without fraud or deceipt: and the like oth was
+receiued by the earles and barons on both parties. Then the two kings by
+aduise and consent of both their armies deuised these ordinances.
+
+     [Sidenote: Ordinances deuised.]
+     1 That all pilgrims which chanced to die in this iournie might
+     dispose at their pleasure all their armour, horsses, and
+     apparell, and halfe of those things which they had with them, so
+     that they sent nothing home into their countries, and the other
+     halfe should be at the discretion of Walter archbishop of Rouen,
+     Manser bishop of Langres, of the maister of the temple, and of
+     the maister of the Hospitall, of Hugh duke of Burgoigne, of Rafe
+     de Coucie, of Drogo de Marlow, of Robert Sabuill, Andrew de
+     Chauennie, and of Gilbert Wascoile, which should imploie the same
+     towards the support of the wars in the holie land against the
+     infidels as they thought most expedient.
+
+     [Sidenote: Plaie forbidden.]
+     2 That no man should plaie at anie game within the armie for
+     monie, except knights and chapleins, the which should not loose
+     in one daie and night aboue 20 shillings, they to forfeit an 100
+     shillings so oft as they lost aboue that summe: the persons
+     aforenamed to haue the same to be distributed as afore is said.
+     The two kings might plaie, and command their seruants in their
+     presence likewise to plaie, so that they excéeded not the summe
+     of 20 shillings. And also the seruants of archbishops, bishops,
+     earles and barons, by their maisters commandement might play, not
+     excéeding that summe: but if anie seruants or mariners, or other
+     of like degrée, were found to play without licence, the seruants
+     should be whipped naked three daies round about the campe, except
+     they ransomed foorth themselues, at the pleasure of the persons
+     aboue named: and the mariners should be plunged ouer head and
+     eares in the sea three mornings togither, after the vse of
+     seamen, except they redeem that punishment, at the discretion
+     likewise of the said persons: and those of other like meane
+     degrées being neither knights nor chapleins should be punished as
+     seruants.
+
+     [Sidenote: Borrowing.]
+     3 That if anie pilgrime borrowed anie thing of an other whilest
+     he was on his iournie, he should be bound to paie it: but if he
+     borrowed it before his setting foorth, he was not bound to answer
+     it till his returne home.
+
+     [Sidenote: Souldiers or mariners departing from their masters.]
+     4 That if anie mariner or seruant, reteined in wages with anie
+     man in this iournie, departed from his master without licence, no
+     other person might receiue him, and if he did, he should be
+     punished at the discretion of the forenamed persons.
+
+     [Sidenote: Vittelers.]
+     5 That no vitteler or other should buy any bread to sell againe,
+     nor any meale within the compasse of the campe, except the same
+     were brought by a stranger, neither might they buy any paast or
+     other thing to sell againe in the campe, or within a league of
+     it.
+
+     6 That if anie man bought corne wherof to make bread, it was
+     appointed how much he should gaine in one measure beside the
+     bran.
+
+     7 That other occupiers, which vsed buieng and selling of wares,
+     should gaine one penie in 10 pence, neither should anie man
+     refuse anie of the kings coine, except it were broken within the
+     circle.
+
+     8 That no man should buy anie flesh to sell it againe, except a
+     liuing beast, which he should kill within the campe.
+
+     9 That no man should make bread to sell, but after the rate of
+     penie loaues. Wherin the penie English was appointed to go for
+     foure pence Aniouine. All these ordinances with other were
+     decreed and ordeined to be obserued and kept by the counsell,
+     consent, and agreement of the kings of England, France, and
+     Sicile.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] But to returne now to the dissention betwixt the
+Englishmen and them of Messina: ye shall vnderstand that the tumult
+being once ceassed, and diuerse of the chéefe offenders in the late
+commotion put to death, king Tancred shortlie after came thither, and
+sought to auoid all suspicion out of king Richards head, that he might
+conceiue of him for béeing in anie wise culpable in that which his
+subiects of Messina had attempted against him, and therefore hauing
+recouered monie of his freends, he restored vnto king Richard the dowrie
+of his sister quéene Joane, and further offered vnto him to ioine in new
+alliance with him, offering his daughter in mariage vnto Arthur duke of
+Britaine, the kings nephue, with a great summe of monie for hir dowrie,
+if it so should please him.
+
+King Richard accepted the offer, and so ioined in peace and affinitie
+with the king of Sicile, receiuing of him twentie thousand ounces of
+gold for the same mariage to be had, and an honorable dowrie assigned
+foorth of the lands that belonged to the said Arthur for the said ladie
+to inioy during hir life, in case she suruiued hir husband. And if it so
+chanced, that by the death of either of them the mariage could not take
+place, then should king Richard restore the same twentie thousand
+ounces of gold againe. But beside these twentie thousand ounces of gold
+thus giuen by king Tancred for the mariage of his daughter, he gaue
+other twentie thousand ounces to king Richard for an acquitance and
+quite claime of all manner of duties, rights, and demands, which either
+he or his sister might pretend, either by reason of anie bequest,
+dowrie, or anie other manner of waie.
+
+Here is to be noted, that before this conclusion of peace was had, king
+Richard prouided for his owne defense, in case that king Tancred and his
+people would haue attempted force against him, in so much that he
+fortified certeine places, and built a strong castell aloft vpon the top
+of an hill fast by Messina, which castell he called Mategriffon. Also
+whereas the admirall of Sicile called Margaret, and one Jordane del
+Poine, men of great authoritie vnder king Tancred, fled out of Messina
+with all their families and riches, which they had either in gold or
+siluer, king Richard seized vpon their houses, their gallies, and
+possessions, so that he made himselfe as strong as he could, to resist
+all attempts that might be made against him by his enimies. But now to
+procéed.
+
+The variance being thus appeased betwixt them, great discord chanced to
+arise betwixt king Richard and king Philip, who was much offended with
+king Richard, for that he had thus vsed violence against them of
+Messina, and compelled king Tancred to agrée with him for monie,
+[Sidenote: The lawes of Herberrough.] to the great offense and breach of
+the lawes of Herberrough, sith the Sicilians verie liberallie aided and
+furnished the christians armie with vittels and necessarie prouisions.
+The Frenchmen also had much enuie thereat, [Sidenote: Englishmen and
+Frenchmen fought.] that shortlie after vpon a small occasion they picked
+a quarell against the Englishmen, and from words fell to strokes on both
+sides, so that there had beene much hurt & slaughter committed,
+[Sidenote: Discord in an armie the hinderer of all profitable
+enterprises.] if the two kings had not doone their best to appease the
+fraie begun.
+
+But this businesse though it was quietlie as then taken vp and staied,
+yet bred it such displeasure betwixt the princes and their people, that
+it turned to the great hurt and hinderance of their good proceedings in
+their whole enterprise, so that the occasion of a full and perfect
+victorie easilie slipped out of their hands, as you shall heare
+hereafter.
+
+An other also of the chéefest causes of grudge betwixt the two kings
+was, for that king Richard in familiar talke confessed vnto king Philip,
+that he would marie the king of Nauarres daughter, and cléerelie forsake
+his sister Adela: which gréeued king Philip not a little, though he
+dissembled the matter for a time, and rather alledged other causes of
+displeasure, wherewith to defame king Richard to the world, as one that
+sought his owne commoditie in spoiling those whom he ought rather to
+haue defended. But to proceed.
+
+Whilest the English and French armies thus soiourned all the winter time
+in Sicile, notwithstanding the troubles aforesaid, to the hinderance of
+king Richards purposes, for the making of his prouisions readie for his
+iournie, he yet caused engins to be framed, his ships to be newlie
+calked, rigged and repaired of such hurts as they had receiued both in
+their long voiage which they had made, and also by certeine wormes, the
+which during their lieng there, had in diuerse places gnawne and eaten
+them through to the great danger of their losse, and vtter decaie.
+[Sidenote: Wreckes pardoned.] Moreouer at the same time he pardoned all
+wrecks by sea through all his dominions, releasing for euer all his
+right to the same, in such wise that euerie person making wrecke by sea,
+and comming aliue to land, should haue all his goods frée and cleare to
+himselfe. Furthermore he decréed, that if he chanced to perish in the
+ship, then his sons and daughters, brethren or sisters, that could
+prooue themselues to be next heires to him, should haue the same goods;
+but if he had neither sonne nor daughter, brother nor sister, then
+should the king haue those goods by waie of his prerogatiue.
+
+This resignation made by king Richard, was confirmed by his charter
+giuen at Messina in the moneth of October and second yeare of his
+reigne. Also vpon a godlie repentance wherewith it did please the
+mercifull God to touch his hart, he called all those prelats togither
+which were then with him at Messina into the chappell of Reginald de
+Moiac, [Sidenote: K. Richards confession.] & there in presence of them
+all falling downe vpon his knees he confessed the filthie life which he
+had in lecherous lust before that time led, and humblie receiued penance
+inioined him by the same bishops, and so became a new man, fearing God,
+and delighting to liue after his lawes.
+
+[Sidenote: Abbat Joachim.] Furthermore hearing of the great fame of
+abbat Joachim, he sent for him ouer into Calabria, who came to Messina,
+and being asked sundrie questions by king Richard, he made woonderfull
+answer thereto: as in Houeden and other writers it may appéere, which
+for breefenesse I passe ouer. About the same time he gaue vnto his
+nephue Otho, the sonne of his sister Maud, sometime duchesse of Saxonie,
+the countie of Yorke. But although some were contented to receiue him as
+their lord, and to doo homage to him, yet other refused him, alledging
+that they would not renounce their fealties due to the king, till they
+might sée him againe, & talke with him face to face. Wherevpon the king
+changing his purpose, gaue vnto the said Otho the countie of Poictou in
+steed of the said countie of Yorke, as after shall appeere.
+
+[Sidenote: 1191.] The two kings of England and France held their
+Christmasse this yeare at Messina, and still the king of England vsed
+great liberalitie in bestowing his treasure freelie amongst knights and
+other men of warre, [Sidenote: The large expenses of K. Richard.] so
+that it was thought he spent more in a moneth than anie of his
+predecessours euer spent in a whole yeare. In the moneth of Februarie he
+sent his gallies to Naples, there to receiue his mother and his wife
+that should be, to wit the ladie Berengaria daughter to the king of
+Nauarre, and Philip earle of Flanders that came with them. But his
+mother quéene Elianor and the ladie Berengaria went to Brindize in
+Puglia, where they were honorablie receiued of Margaret king Tancreds
+admirall. [Sidenote: The earle of Flanders.] Moreouer the earle of
+Flanders comming to Naples, and finding there the gallies of king
+Richard, went aboord the same, and so came to Messina, at the first
+following the king of England in all things, till the French king hauing
+enuie thereat, allured him awaie, and then he hoong altogither on his
+sléeue. The first daie of March the king of England departed from
+Messina, to go to the citie of Cathina, there to common with king
+Tancred, who came thither to meet him.
+
+[Sidenote: K. Richard talketh with king Tancred.] Here king Richard
+vnderstood, that the French king had sollicited king Tancred to set vpon
+the king of England and his armie, to chase them out of his realme: and
+for the more easie accomplishment thereof, he had promised him his aid,
+whensoeuer he would giue the aduenture. King Tancred deliuered also to
+king Richard such letters as the French king had written to him
+concerning this matter. Wherevpon at his returne to Messina, king
+Richard shewed by his frowning countenance, that he was nothing pleased
+with the French king, but sought occasions to get him out of his
+companie.
+
+The French king perceiuing it, required to vnderstand the cause of this
+sudden mutation: wherevpon king Richard nothing fearing his power,
+declared the truth plainelie vnto him by the mouth of the earle of
+Flanders: and when the other denied the practise, he for proofe of the
+thing, shewed him the same letters which king Tancred had deliuered vnto
+him. The French king was not a little abashed hereat, and wist not well
+what to saie, nor what excuse to make, the matter was so plaine. But yet
+at length he said: "Well now I perceiue the king of England seeketh to
+haue some quarell whie he may refuse to marrie with my sister. For these
+are but forged matters, and no truth resteth in them."
+
+When the king of England vnderstood this maner of answer, he replied in
+this wise; "That as for the French kings sister, he might not marrie,
+for as much as he was able to produce good witnesse to prooue that his
+father had lien with hir and got a child of hir. And as for his priuie
+procéeding and practise with Tancred, he néeded no further testimonie
+than his owne hand and his seale, the partie himselfe being present who
+receiued them, the messenger also being not far off that carried them
+betwéene both the parties."
+
+When the French king was throughlie informed of the first point, through
+counsell of the earle of Flanders and others, he pacified himselfe, and
+was contented to release the king of England of his faith giuen by oth
+for the contract made with his sister Alice: in consideration of which
+releasement and deliuerance, the king of England couenanted to giue
+yearelie to the French king two thousand marks of starling coine for the
+terme of fiue yeares togither: and at his returne home, it was agreed,
+that he shuld also deliuer vnto the French king his sister the said
+ladie Alice, with the towne of Gisors, and all other things which the
+French king had granted to him with his said sister. On the other part,
+the French king granted, that the dutchie of Britaine should apperteine
+to the dominion of the dutchie of Normandie, so as the duke of Britaine
+should be accompted the liege man of the duke of Normandie, and that the
+duke of Normandie should answer the French king for both the dutchies,
+as well of Britaine as Normandie. These agréements were ratified and
+confirmed with solemne oths receiued, and charters giuen vnder their
+hands and seales, vpon the 30. of March.
+
+[Sidenote: The French king setteth foorth from Messina towards the
+holie[7] land.] About this time the French king (now that the season of
+the yeare was come) set forward toward the holie land, leauing king
+Richard behind him in Sicile: and the two and twentith day after his
+setting foorth from Messina, he arriued at the siege of Acres or Acon.
+The same day also that the French king departed from Messina, queene
+Elianor the mother of king Richard arriued there, bringing with hir the
+ladie Berengaria the daughter of Sanctius the king of Nauarre,
+[Sidenote: Quéene Elianor returneth by Rome.] and the fourth day after
+quéene Elianor tooke leaue of hir sonne king Richard, and departed
+homeward towards England, taking hir iournie by Rome about the businesse
+of Geffrey the elect of Yorke, as to entreat the pope that he would
+confirme and consecrate him archbishop, or to authorise some other to
+doo it in his name. The ladie Berengaria remained behind with the kings
+sister Joane quéene of Sicile.
+
+After this in the moneth of Aprill, on the Wednesday in the passion
+weeke, king Richard (after he had finished and made an end of all
+conclusions with king Tancred) did also set forward with his sister
+Joane, who tooke with hir the ladie Berengaria daughter to the king of
+Nauarre, affianced to him long before, as aboue is partlie mentioned.
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ 130. ships and 53. galies saith _Rog.
+Houed._] His nauie consisted in thirteene mightie great ships with
+triple sailes, an hundred carikes or rather hulkes, and fiftie gallies.
+He was no sooner abroad in the maine sea, but a great tempest arose,
+wherewith his whole nauie was sore tossed and turmoiled vp and downe the
+seas, and at length driuen on the coast of Cypres, where séeking to take
+harbour, & to come on land, the Cypriots would not suffer him, but
+shewed countenance to driue him backe, and to resist his landing. Also
+whereas six of his ships were so driuen by force of tempest from the
+residue, that thrée of them perished, and three being cast vpon the
+shoare of Cypres before the kings arriuall there, the souldiers and
+other people in the same were compelled to come on land for sauing their
+liues, where otherwise they stood in danger of drowning, the people of
+the Ile assailing them in right cruell sort, slue diuerse, and tooke the
+residue prisoners, and so deteined them for a certeine season.
+
+King Richard then vnderstanding this iniurie to him doone by the
+Cypriots, & perceiuing they would resist his landing, prepared himselfe
+and his people to enter vpon them by force. The king of Cypres Isakius
+or Cursach (whome Houeden nameth emperour of Cypres) had assembled the
+most part of all the power of men that he might make (though few of them
+were armed, or had any great skill in feats of warre) and caused them to
+set boords, logs of wood, benches, formes, and great chests afore them,
+as a defense, and as it were in steed of a wall, that by succour thereof
+they might the better kéepe off their enimie from landing.
+
+But K. Richard, so incouraged his men by his presence, & hartened them
+with such comfortable words as he vttered vnto them, that rowing to the
+shoare with their galies and small botes, hauing the archers afore them,
+[Sidenote: The Englishmen take land & chase their enimies.] they easilie
+got to land, droue their enimies backe, and so farre pursued them (being
+but footmen, weatherbeaten, wearie, and weat) as conuenientlie they
+might, for the shortnes of time. King Richard hauing thus got foot on
+land, approched the towne of Limezun, which he with his souldiers
+entred, and finding it emptie of people (which were fled awaie) but full
+of riches and great plentie of victuals, as corne, wine, oile, and
+flesh, he seized therevpon.
+
+The same day also the kings sisters and the ladie Berengaria with the
+residue of the kings nauie entred the hauen of Limezun. In the meane
+time the king of Cypres (hauing escaped from the battell) got togither
+his men which were fled and dispersed sundrie waies, and incamped within
+six miles of king Richard, threatning that the next day he would
+eftsoones giue battell: which when king Richard vnderstood, he caused
+his people to be armed the next morning long before day, and so comming
+by guides vnto the place where the Cypriots with their king were lodged,
+[Sidenote: King Richard with a camisado vanquisheth the Cypriots, &
+chaseth them out of their campe. _Iohn Textor._] suddenlie they assailed
+them yer they had anie warning of his marching towards them, by reason
+whereof they were slaine like beasts in great numbers. Howbeit, their
+king and a few other escaped and fled away naked, hauing no time to put
+on their apparell, his treasure, horsse, armour and standard were taken,
+which standard king Richard straitwaies determined to send vnto saint
+Edmunds shrine, and so did.
+
+Having thus vanquished his aduersaries, he came backe to Limezun: and
+the third day after, [Sidenote: The K. of Jerusalem and other noble men
+doo fealtie vnto king Richard.] Guie king of Jerusalem and his brother
+Geffrey de Lucignan with the prince of Antioch Raimond and his sonne
+named also Raimond earle of Tripoli, with other noble men, arriued at
+Limezun aforesaid, to visit king Richard, and to offer him their
+seruices, and so became his men, in swearing fealtie to him against all
+other persons whatsoeuer.
+
+The same day the king of Cypres perceiuing himselfe vnable to resist the
+great puissance of king Richards armie, sent ambassadours, [Sidenote:
+The offers of the king of Cypres.] and offered to king Richard the summe
+of twentie thousand marks of gold, in recompense of the monie which his
+men that were drowned had about them, and also to restore those to
+libertie which he had taken prisoners, and to make deliuerie to their
+hands of all their goods. Furthermore he offered to go with him into the
+holie land personallie, and to serue him with an hundred knights 400
+light horssemen, and 500 well armed footmen, & also to deliuer to king
+Richard his daughter and heire in hostage, [Sidenote: The king of Cypres
+submitteth himselfe.] and to acknowledge him his souereigne lord, by
+swearing to him fealtie for his kingdome, as for that which he should
+confesse to hold of him.
+
+King Richard accepted these offers, and so the king of Cypres came in
+and sware fealtie to king Richard, in presence of the king of Jerusalem,
+the prince of Antioch, and other barons, and promised vpon his oth then
+receiued, not to depart till all things couenanted on his part were
+performed. Then king Richard assigned tents for him and his to lodge in,
+and appointed certeine knights and other men of warre to haue the
+custodie of him. But the same day after dinner vpon repentance of that
+which he had doone, he deceiued his keepers and stale awaie, sending
+knowledge backe to the king that he would not stand to the couenants,
+which were concluded vpon betwixt them.
+
+King Richard seemed to like the matter well enough, and foorthwith
+deliuered a part of his armie vnto the king of Jerusalem and to the
+prince of Antioch, appointing them to persue the king of Cypres by land,
+whilest he with one part of his gallies and Robert de Turneham with the
+other might search about the coast by sea, to prohibit his passage by
+water. In euerie place where they came, such ships and gallies as they
+found they seized into their hands, and no resistance was made against
+them, by reason the people fled to the woods and mountains, leauing the
+cities, townes and castels void in all stéeds, [Sidenote: Robert de
+Turneham.] where the king or the said sir Robert de Turneham with their
+vessels began to appéere. When they had taken their pleasure thus
+alongst the coasts, they returned againe vnto Limezun. The king of
+Jerusalem and the other that went foorth by land, when they could not
+spéed of their purpose, returned also, in which meane time a great
+number of Cypriots came in, and submitting themselues to king Richard,
+were receiued as his subiects.
+
+[Sidenote: The king of England marieth the ladie Berengaria. She is
+crowned quéene.] On the 12. daie of Maie, the ladie Berengaria daughter
+to the king of Nauarre was maried according to a precontract vnto king
+Richard at Limezun aforesaid in the Ile of Cypres, one of the kings
+chaplins executing the order of the marriage. The same daie also she was
+crowned by the bishop of Eureux, the archbishops of Apamea and Aux, with
+the bishop of Baion ministring vnto him. After the solemnitie of this
+marriage and coronation ended, king Richard set forward with his armie
+into the countrie of Cypres, and first wan (by surrender) the citie of
+Nichosia, and after the strong castell of Cherin, within the which was
+the daughter of the king of Cypres, which ladie humblie yeelded hir
+selfe vnto K. Richard, (who counting it reproach to be extreme with such
+as submit themselues, and speciallie the female sex, according to the
+old saieng,
+    Pacere subiectis nobilis scit ira leonis)
+had pitie of hir case, and sent hir to his wife the new quéene, willing
+that she might be honorablie vsed. From thence passing forward,
+[Sidenote: Castels deliuered to the king of England.] these castels were
+deliuered into his hands, Baffes and Buffeuent, Den, Amur, Candace, and
+afterwards all the other castels and cities, townes and places of
+strength within that Ile one after an other. Finallie, hearing that the
+king of Cypres was inclosed in an abbie called Cap S. Andrew, he marched
+thitherwards: [Sidenote: The king of Cyprus again submitteth himselfe to
+the king of England.] but when the king of Cypres heard of his approch,
+he came foorth and submitted himselfe wholie into his hands. [Sidenote:
+Rafe Fitz Geffrey.] The king first appointed him to the kéeping of his
+chamberlaine Rafe Fitz Geffrey, and after sent him into the citie of
+Tripoli, there to be kept in close prison. Who when he heard he should
+be committed to close prison, and remaine in fetters, said, "that if he
+laie in irons, he should shortlie end his life." Wherevnto king Richard
+when he heard of it, answered: "He saith well, and therefore bicause he
+is a noble man, and our mind is not to haue him dead, but onelie to be
+kept safe from starting anie more awaie, and dooing new hurt, let him be
+chained in giues and fetters made of siluer," and so he was.
+
+But to procéed. After the king had set the countrie of Cypres in good
+staie, [Sidenote: He arriued there on the saturdaie in Whitsunwéek,
+being the saturdaie also next before the feast of S. Barnabie.
+_Galfridus._ _Vinsant._] he deliuered the keeping thereof vnto Richard
+de Camuille and Robert de Turneham. This doone vpon the wednesdaie in
+the Whitsunwéeke he tooke the sea againe, and passed ouer to the citie
+of Acres, which as then was besieged by the christian armie, as ye may
+read in the description of the holie land, onelie giuing you to
+vnderstand, that such was the valiancie of king Richard shewed in
+manfull constreining of the citie, that his praise was greatlie bruted
+both amongst the christians and also the Saracens.
+
+Howbeit the secret enimitie betwixt him and the French king eftsoones
+reuiued, by occasion of such discord as chanced betwixt Guido king of
+Jerusalem, and Conrade the marques of Tire, so that parties were taken,
+and whereas both the Pisans and Geneuois did offer their seruice vnto
+king Richard, yet bicause the Geneuois were confederat with the French
+king, who tooke part with the marques, he refused them, [Sidenote:
+Pisans and Geneuois.] and receiued the Pisans, ioining himselfe with
+king Guido to support him against his enimies.
+
+Here is to be remembred, that before king Richard arriued at the siege,
+he incountred on the sea a mightie great ship called a Drommond,
+[Sidenote: _Matt. Paris._ _Nic. Triuet._ Saphaldine the brother of
+Saladine.] which one Saphaldine the brother of Saladine a prince of the
+Saracens had sent, to refresh them with vittels. This ship king Richard
+caused féercelie to be assailed with his gallies, and at length bowged
+hir with all the vittels and prouision within the same, as wild-fire,
+barels of firie serpents, armour and weapons of sundrie sorts, besides
+all the mariners and men of warre, except such as were taken to mercie
+and saued aliue, being about 200 in the whole, whereas there were aboord
+the same ship 500 men of warre, [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _N. Triuet._]
+as some write, though other haue but 800.
+
+¶ But now to other accidents that chanced this yere. On Midsummer eeue
+there was such an eclipse of the sunne, [Sidenote: An eclipse of the
+sunne.] the moone being the same time 27 daies old, that for the space
+of thrée houres (for so long it lasted) such darkness came ouer the face
+of the earth, [Sidenote: The seuenth houre of the daie saith _Matth.
+Paris._] that euen in the daie time (for this eclipse began about nine
+of the clocke in the morning) the stars appeared plainelie in the
+element.
+
+In the same moneth of June, Richard de Camuille, whome the king had left
+(as ye haue heard) gouernour in Cypres, chanced to fall sicke, and
+comming without licence to the siege of Acres, [Sidenote: Richard de
+Camuille deceasseth.] there died. After whose death the Cypriots and
+those called Griffones and Ermians reuolted from the English obedience,
+and chose to them a king, one that was a moonke of the familie of
+Isachus their former king: but Robert de Turneham, who after the
+deceasse of Richard Camuille remained sole gouernour of the Ile,
+gathered a power of men togither, and giuing battell to the new king
+(whom Houeden nameth also emperour) vanquished him with his complices,
+tooke him prisoner, and hanged him on a paire of galowes. The same
+moneth also died Rafe Fitz Geffrey, who had the other king Isac in
+custodie, and then king Richard deliuered him to the knights of the
+hospitall, who sent him to the castell of Margant, there safelie to be
+kept as prisoner to the vse of the king of England.
+
+Now will we returne vnto the affaires of England and make some mention
+of the dooings there. Yee shall vnderstand, that after king Richard was
+set forward on his iournie, William Longchampe lord chancellour and
+bishop of Elie, [Sidenote: _Polydor._] appointed (as ye haue heard)
+gouernour of the realme, began to exercise his authoritie to the
+vttermost, taking vpon him the state of a prince, rather than of a
+subiect. He had of late (as before ye haue heard) procured such fauor at
+the hands of pope Clement, [Sidenote: The Lord chancellor called the
+popes legat in England.] that he was instituted by him legat of the
+apostolike see here in England, so that pretending a rule both ouer the
+clergie and temporaltie, and by reason that he had both the authoritie
+of pope and king in his hands, he vsed the same to his most aduantage,
+as well in causes ecclesiasticall as temporall, whereby he wrought manie
+oppressions both against them of the clergie and temporaltie. [Sidenote:
+The statelie port of the lord chancellor. _Ran. Higd._] He mainteined
+such a port and countenance in his dooings, that he would ride with a
+thousand horsses, by meanes whereof when he came to lie at abbeis and
+other places (bringing with him such a traine) he was verie burdenous
+vnto them, speciallie when he laie at their houses any space of time.
+
+[Sidenote: A conuocation.] This man called a conuocation at Westminster,
+wherein at the suit of Hugh Nouant bishop of Chester, it was decreed,
+[Sidenote: Moonks of Couentrie displaced. _Polydor._ _Ran. Higd._ _Wil.
+Paruus._ The occasion. _Ran. Higd._] that the moonks of Couentrie should
+be displaced, and secular canons brought into that house to supplie
+their roomes. Which was doone by the authoritie of the said lord
+chancellour, being bribed by the foresaid bishop of Chester (as some
+writers haue recorded) for displeasure which he bare to the moonks, by
+reason of a fraie which they had made vpon the said bishop in their
+church at Couentrie, and drawne bloud of him before the alter there, as
+he alledged.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] But some haue written, that the bishop of
+Chester procured a licence of the pope, to alter the state of that
+church in sort aboue mentioned, which is most likelie, surmising against
+the moonks, that they were most manifest and stubborne disturbers of
+that peace and quietnesse which ought to remaine amongst churchmen:
+[Sidenote: _Ran. Higd._ _Polydor._] and yet he himselfe sowed the strife
+and dissention amongst them, and namelie betwéene the prior and his
+couent. Moreouer, the said lord chancellour depriued such rulers of
+their administrations and gouernements, as the king had appointed to
+beare any high authoritie within the realme, pretending not onelie the
+kings commandement, but also alleadging a reason which mooued him so to
+doo, as thus, [Sidenote: The L. chancellors reason.] that he might
+thereby take awaie all occasions of grudges from the people, which
+otherwise might thinke, and would not sticke to saie, that they were
+oppressed by the rule of manie kings in stéed of one king. [Sidenote:
+The bishop of Durham. The bishop of Winchester.] He did also depriue
+Hugh the bishop of Durham of all his honour and dignitie, and put the
+bishop of Winchester to great trouble. Moreouer, doubting least the
+Nobles of the realme would rise against him, and put him out of his
+place; he sought to kéepe them lowe, and spoiled them of their monie and
+substance. [Sidenote: The lord chancellors meaning to kéepe earle John
+lowe.] Likewise pretending a colour of doubt, least earle John the kings
+brother should attempt any thing against his brother the king now in his
+absence, he sought also to kéepe him vnder. To be bréefe, he plaied in
+all points the right part of a tyrant, and shewed himselfe such a one in
+all respects as mainteined his title,
+    [Sidenote: _Pal. in suo cap._]
+    Non disceptando aut subtilibus argumentis
+    Vincere, sed ferro mauult sua iura tueri,
+    Pontifices nunc bella iuuant, sunt cætera nuga,
+    Nec præcepta patrum nec Christi dogmata curant,
+    Iactant se dominos rerum & sibi cuncta licere.
+
+At length the king receiued aduertisement from his mother queene Elianor
+of his demeanor, and that there was great likeliehood of some commotion
+to insue, if spéedie remedie were not in time prouided. Wherevpon being
+then in Sicile, [Sidenote: Walter the archbishop of Rouen sent into
+England.] he sent Walter the archbishop of Rouen into England with
+commission, to ioine in administration of the kingdome with his
+chancellor the said bishop of Elie. But the archbishop comming into
+England was so slenderlie interteined of the chancellour, [Sidenote: He
+is little regarded of the lord chancellor.] and in effect so litle
+regarded, that notwithstanding his commission and instructions brought
+from the king, he could not be permitted to beare any rule. But the
+chancellour deteining the same wholie in his hands, ordered all things
+at his pleasure, without making the archbish. of Rouen, or any other of
+counsel with him, except such as it pleased him to admit for the seruing
+of his owne turne.
+
+¶ He certeinelie beléeued (as manie other did) that king Richard would
+neuer returne with life into England againe, which caused him to attempt
+so manie vnlawfull enterprises, and therefore he got into his hands all
+the castels and fortresses belonging to the crowne, and furnished them
+with garisons of souldiers, as he thought necessarie, depriuing such
+capteins of their roomes as he suspected not to fauour his procéedings.
+
+One Gerard de Camuille had bought of the king the kéeping of the castell
+of Lincolne, vnto whome also the sheriffewike of the shire was committed
+for a time, but the lord chancellour, perceiuing that he bare more good
+will vnto earle John the kings brother than to him (which John he most
+suspected) he tooke from him the shiriffewike, & demanded also to haue
+the castell of Lincolne deliuered into his hands, which Gerard refused
+to deliuer, and perceiuing that the chancellor would practise to haue it
+by force, he fled vnto earle John, requiring him of competent aid and
+succour.
+
+The chancellor on the other part, perceiuing what hatred diuerse of the
+Nobles bare him, thought good to prouide for his owne suertie the best
+that he could, and therefore sent for a power of men from beyond the
+sea: but bicause he thought it too long to staie till they arriued, he
+came to Lincolne with such power as he could make, [Sidenote: The lord
+chancellor besiegeth the castell of Lincolne.] and besieged the castell.
+Erle John the kings brother aduertised hereof, raised such numbers of
+men as he might make of his freends, seruants and tenants, [Sidenote:
+Earle John winneth the castels of Notingham and Tickhill.] and with
+small a doo wan the castels of Notingham and Tickhill within two daies
+space. This doone, he sent to the lord chancellour, commanding him
+either to breake vp his siege, or else to prepare for battell. The
+chancellour considering with himselfe that there was small trust to be
+put in diuerse of those lords that were with him, bearing good will to
+[Sidenote: The chancellor raiseth his siege with dishonour.] earle John,
+and but hollow harts towards him, raised his siege and departed with
+dishonour.
+
+Not long after, one of his hornes was broken off by the death of pope
+Clement, whereby his power legantine ceased: wherewith being somewhat
+abashed, [Sidenote: The lord chancellor and earle John are agréed.] he
+came to a communication with earle John, and vpon certeine conditions
+made peace with him. Shortlie after the souldiers which he had sent for,
+arriued in England, [Sidenote: The chancellor breaketh the agréement.]
+and then he began to go from the agréement made with earle John,
+affirming that he would either driue the same earle out of England, or
+else should earle John doo the like to him: for it was not of sufficient
+largenesse to hold them both. Howbeit, shortlie after, [Sidenote: The
+lord chancellor and earle John make another agréement.] a peace was
+eftsoones concluded betwixt them with condition, that if it chanced king
+Richard to depart this life before his returne into England, not leauing
+any issue of his bodie begotten, that then the chancellour renouncing
+the ordinance made by king Richard (who had instituted his nephue Arthur
+duke of Britaine to be his heire and successour) should consent to admit
+earle John for king of England, contrarie to the said ordinance.
+
+But in the meane time it was agréed, that earle John should deliuer vp
+the castels of Notingham and Tickhill, Notingham to the hands of William
+Marshall, and Tickhill to the hands of William Wendenall, they to kéepe
+the same vnto the vse and behoofe of king Richard, that vpon his returne
+he might doo with them as should please him: prouided that if it so
+chanced, that he should die before he could returne from his voiage, or
+that the chancellour went from the agréement now taken, then immediatlie
+should the foresaid castels of Notingham and Tickhill be restored vnto
+earle John.
+
+Moreouer, the other castels of such honours as were assigned to earle
+John by the king his brother, were committed vnto the custodie of
+certeine persons of great trust and loialtie, as the castell of
+Wallingford to the archbishop of Rouen, the castell of Bristow to the
+bishop of Lincolne, the castell of the Peake to the bishop of Couentrie,
+the castell of Bolesofres vnto Richard de Peake (or if he refused, then
+should the bishop of Couentrie haue it in kéeping) the castell Eie was
+committed to Walter Fitz Robert, the castell of Herford to Roger Bigot,
+and to Richard Reuell the castell of Excester and Launston. These
+persons to whom these castels were thus committed to be kept, receiued
+also an oth, that they should faithfullie kéepe them to the kings
+behoofe, and if he chanced to die, before he should returne, then the
+same should be deliuered vnto earle Johns hands. [Sidenote: Castels
+deliuered in trust to the keeping of certeine persons.] Also there were
+three castels that perteined to the crowne, deliuered likewise in trust,
+as the castell of Windsor vnto the earle of Arundell, the castell of
+Winchester vnto Gilbert de Lacie, and the castell of Northampton vnto
+Simon de Pateshull.
+
+It was also agréed, that bishops, abbats, earles, and barons, valuasors,
+and freeholders should not be disseised of their lands, goods or
+chattels, otherwise than by order of the iustices or officers of the
+king, so that they should be iudged in the kings courts according to the
+lawfull customes and ordinances of the realme, and likewise that earle
+John should cause the same orders to be obserued through all his lands.
+Prouided that if any man attempted to doo otherwise vpon support or
+maintenance of earle John, he should stand to be reformed by the
+archbishop of Rouen if he chanced then to be in England, and by the
+kings iustices, and by those that had sworne to obserue this peace: and
+also earle John himselfe at their request should see such reformation to
+be had.
+
+Moreouer, it was agréed that all those castels that had bin built or
+begun to be builded since the kings passage ouer towards his iournie,
+should be razed, and no new made or fortified till his returne, except
+in manours perteining to the kings demaine, if need required, or by his
+speciall commandement, either by letters, or sufficient messengerrs.
+That the shiriffewike of Lincolne, which the lord chancellour had
+assigned vnto William de Stuteuille should be restored to Gerard de
+Camuille, who had a daie appointed him to appéere in the kings court, to
+heare what might be laid against him: and if such matter could be
+prooued, for the which he ought to loose the said shiriffewike and the
+castell of Lincolne, then he should depart from them by the iudgement of
+the court, or else not. Neither should earle John mainteine him against
+the iudgement of that court, nor should receiue any outlawes, or such as
+were notoriouslie knowen for enimies to the king, and so named, nor
+should suffer them to be receiued within the precinct of his liberties.
+
+To hold, mainteine and obserue this peace, the said earle and
+chancellour sware in the hand of the archbishop of Rouen with seuen
+barons on either part. On the part of earle John these were the names of
+them that receiued the oth: Stephan Ridell his chancellour, William de
+la Mare, Robert de la Mare, Philip de Turechester, William de Kahennes,
+Gilbert Basset & William de Montacute. On the chancellours part, the
+earles of Arundell and Salisburie, earle Roger Bigot, and the earle of
+Clare, with Walter Fitz Robert, William de Breuse, and Roger Fitz
+Ramfrey. These things were concluded in this sort, the authoritie and
+commandement of the king yet in all things saued and reserued: but so,
+that if before his returne he should signifie his pleasure to the
+contrarie of the ordinances aboue mentioned, then should the castels of
+Notingham and Tickhill be restored vnto earle John, notwithstanding what
+soeuer the king should command touching the same. [Sidenote: An. Reg.
+3.] [Sidenote: _Matth. West._ _Polydor._] Thus was the peace concluded
+eftsoones betwixt earle John and the chancellour.
+
+[Sidenote: Geffrey the archbishop of Yorke. _Rog. Houed._] In this meane
+while, Geffrey the elect archbishop of Yorke, after long suit and manie
+delaies contriued, speciallie by the chancellour, obteined his pall,
+being consecrated by the archbishop of Towrs, by virtue of his buls
+obteined from pope Celestine. The chancellour aduertised herof, and
+vnderstanding that he meant to come shortlie into England to be
+installed, was in a great chafe, bicause that during the time of the
+vacation, he had vsed the reuenues of that see at his pleasure, and
+therefore now to forego them he was nothing contented. [Sidenote:
+_Matth. Paris._] Herevpon he wrote his letters vnto Matthew de Clare
+shiriffe of Kent in this forme.
+
+     The lord chancellours letters to the shiriffe of Kent.
+
+     Præcipimus tibi quòd si Eboracen. Electus ad aliquem portum in
+     balliua tua applicuerit, aut aliquis nunciorum eius, eum retineri
+     facias, donec mandatum nostrum indè receperis. Et similiter
+     præcipimus, quòd omnes literas papæ aut magni alicuius viri quæ
+     illic venerint, facias retineri. The English whereof is thus.
+
+     "We command you that if the elect of Yorke shall arriue at any
+     port or hauen within your bailiwicke, or any messenger of his,
+     that you cause them to be arested and kept, till you haue
+     commandement from vs therein. And we command you likewise, to
+     stay, attach, and keepe all letters that come from the pope, or
+     any other great man."
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._ The death of the archbishop of Canturbury. _Io.
+Textor._] Likewise, whereas Baldwine archbishop of Canturburie, hauing
+taken his iournie into the holie land, and arriuing there before the
+king, chanced to depart this life at Tyrus, the last yeere, vpon the
+feast daie of S. Edmund, the chancellour found meanes to keepe that sée
+also vacant, that he might receiue the profits thereof, during the
+vacation, and find meanes to be prepared to it in the end. But as
+touching the sée of Yorke, although he had (as before is said) made his
+hand of the reuenues belonging to the same from time to time at his
+pleasure, yet now after that he heard how Geffrey had receiued the pall,
+he made hauocke, wasting & spoiling all that would yeeld him anie monie,
+without respect of right or wrong. Moreouer, he caused the hauens to be
+watched, with commandement giuen to the townes on the sea coast, that
+they should not suffer the archbishop Geffrey to take land. [Sidenote:
+The archbishop arriued and is committed to ward.] At length yet he
+arriued at Douer, where he was by the aforesaid Matthew de Clare first
+staied, and after taken out of the abbeie by the chancellours
+commandement, and committed to prison within the castell, where a Noble
+man that had maried the chancellors sister was capteine.
+
+The newes of whose imprisonment was anon bruted through the realme,
+wherewith the Nobles fretted, and the commons curssed: finallie all men
+detested such tyrannie in the chancellour. But namelie the kings brother
+earle John stormed at the matter, and with all spéed assembled an armie
+out of those places where he bare rule, increasing the number with a
+power of Welshmen. There came to him the bishop of Winchester, with
+manie earles and barons, also the bishop of Bath and Chester, which
+latelie before had béene chéefe fauourers of the chancellour in all his
+dooings: but now that the world was changed, they shewed themselues the
+most earnest enimies he had, as well in words as déeds.
+
+In an assemblie of all the bishops of England, all those were
+excommunicate in solemne wise, with candels light, and other such
+ceremonies, which had either giuen commandement, or were present as
+partakers, to pull out of the church the archbishop of Yorke, or his
+people by violence, and had imprisoned them in maner (as before yée haue
+heard:) but this was after the archbishop was set at libertie, as shuld
+appeare by Matthew Paris, for the chancellour repenting himselfe (though
+now too late) of his cruell dealing against the archbishop of Yorke,
+wherewith he had kindled such a brand against him, commanded the said
+archbishop (namelie at the instant sute of the bishop of London, or
+rather at the commandement of earle John, as Houeden saith) to be set at
+libertie. But the displeasure once kindled in the hearts of the Nobles,
+could not so easilie[8] be quenched with his deliuerie, as it was
+spéedilie set on fire by his imprisonment, so that they being now in
+armour, purposed to abate the pride of the chancellour, and to deliuer
+the common-wealth, of such an vglie tyrant. [Sidenote: _R. Houed._ The
+chancellour summoned to appeare.] And to begin, they summoned, and
+assigned him a peremptorie day to appeare at Reading, to make answer
+vnto such iniuaries as he had doone against the archbishop of Yorke, and
+the bishop of Durham, sithens the departure of his souereigne lord the
+king.
+
+At which day there came to Reading earle John, and the archbishop of
+Rouen, with manie other bishops, earles, and barons, abiding there all
+that day, to sée if the chancellour would appeare or no; but he came
+not: wherevpon they prepared to march foorth towards London, and
+therewithall set forward in like maner. He on the other side being a man
+of a great courage, had gathered an armie of such strangers and other
+his fréends as he could make, and therewith went foorth, and encamped
+néere to Windsor, there to abide his aduersaries, and to giue them
+battell, if they came forward and would abide it. But when they
+approched, and he perceiued also how diuerse of his freends shranke from
+him, and went to his enimies, he durst not attempt the hazard of a
+field, [Sidenote: The chauncellour retireth to London.] but fled backe
+to London, and there withdrew into the tower, with all his host, bicause
+he durst not commit himselfe to the doubtfull fellowship of the
+citizens. Through his great pride and statelie port which he mainteined,
+as partlie yée haue heard, he had procured to himselfe no small hatred
+amongst all degrees of men, and namelie such as by the kings appointment
+ought to haue beene parteners with him in gouernement of the realme sore
+repined at his presumptuous proceedings, for that he disdained (as it
+séemed) to vse their aduise, or to ioine them with him in the
+administration of things, so that now in time of his trouble he wist not
+in whome he might put his trust.
+
+After he was thus retired into the tower of London, earle John, the
+archbishop of Rouen, and the other bishops, earles, and barons
+associated togither against him, followed him at the héeles, entered the
+citie, and besieged the tower on ech side. On the morrow after, being
+the fourth day after the octaues of saint Michaell, they came togither
+into Paules church-yard, [Sidenote: A declaration made against the lord
+chancellour.] where they publikelie declared the iniurious wrongs doone
+and practised by the chancellour; namelie against the archbishop of
+Yorke, and the bishop of Durham. Those also that had béene appointed as
+associats with him, accused him, in that he had taken vpon him to rule
+and gouerne all things after his owne will, not vouchsafing to haue
+their aduise or councell in such sort as had béene conuenient.
+
+The archbishop of Rouen and William Marshall earle of Pembroke shewed
+there before all the people the kings letters which he had sent from
+Messina, [Sidenote: The tenor of this letter shall héereafter appeare.]
+appointing that they should be associats with him in gouernment of the
+kingdome; and that without the counsell and aduice of them and others
+assigned thereto, he should not meddle with the rule of the land, and
+that if he should doo any thing to the hinderance of the common-wealth,
+or séeke to meddle with the affaires of the realme, without their good
+aduise, that then he should be deposed. Héerevpon it seemed good to
+earle John, and to all the bishops, earles and barons of the realme, and
+to the citizens of London, there assembled, that the said chancellour
+should be deposed, and so they proceeded, and deposed him in déed,
+appointing the archbishop of Rouen in his place, who would not take vpon
+him to doo anie thing touching the rule of the land, without consent of
+his associats assigned to him, and the barons or the eschecker.
+
+The same day, earle John, and the archbishop of Rouen, and other of the
+kings iustices, [Sidenote: The citizens of London.] granted to the
+citizens of London the priuilege of their communaltie; and the said
+earle and archbishop, and in maner all the bishops, erls and barons of
+the realme sware to mainteine the said priuilege firme and stable, so
+long as should please their souereigne lord. And the citizens of London
+sware to be true, and to doo their faithfull seruice vnto king Richard
+and his heirs, and if he chanced to die without issue, then to receiue
+earle John the brother of king Richard for their king and souereigne
+lord, and therevpon sware fealtie to him against all men, sauing that
+which they owed vnto his brother king Richard.
+
+The chancellour perceiuing the multitude to be such which he had with
+him in the tower, [Sidenote: The chancellour yéeldeth vp the tower.] as
+the place was not able to hold them any long time, after he had remained
+within it one night, he came foorth vnto earle John, and to the other
+that were thus entred the citie, and now readie to besiege him, of whome
+he got licence for them that were inclosed within the tower, to depart
+without damage, and therewith deliuered vp the tower into the hands of
+the archbishop of Rouen, with the castell of Windsor, and certeine other
+castels, which he held within the realme, but not all: notwithstanding
+he couenanted to make deliuerie of the residue, which yet remained in
+the hands of them whome he had appointed to the kéeping of the same. And
+for assurance of that couenant to be performed before he departed the
+realme, he deliuered his brethren, and one that was his chamberleine, to
+remaine with the lords as hostages.
+
+This doone, he hasted to Canturburie, where he promised to receiue the
+crosse of a pilgrime to go into the holie land, and to render vp the
+crosse of his legatship, which he had vsurped a yeare and a halfe after
+the death of pope Clement, to the preiudice of the church of Rome, and
+to the detriment and great hinderance of the English church. For there
+was not any church within the realme, which had not béene put to fine
+and ransome by that crosse, nor any ecclesiasticall person went frée,
+[Sidenote: The print of the legats crosse.] but the print of the crosse
+appeared in him and his purse. From Canturburie he got him to Douer to
+his brother in law, and finallie séeking means to passe ouer into
+France, and doubting to be discouered, he apparelled himselfe in womans
+raiment, [Sidenote: The bishop of Elie late lord chancellor disguiseth
+himselfe in womans apparell.] & got a web of cloth on his arme, as
+though he had beene some housewifelie woman of the countrie: but by the
+vntowardlie folding and vncunning handling of his cloth (or rather by a
+lewd fisherman that tooke him for an harlot) he was suspected and
+searched so narrowlie, [Sidenote: He is bewraied.] that by his priuie
+members he was prooued to be a man, and at length knowne, attached, and
+committed to prison, after he had beene reprochfullie handled by them
+that found him, and by the wiues of the towne, in such vnséemlie
+apparell.
+
+Earle John would haue had him punished, and put to some open reproofe
+for his passed tyrannicall dooings; [Sidenote: Earle John not y^e
+bishops fréend.] but the bishops, and other of the barons, for reuerence
+of his order, procured his deliuerance, with licence to passe ouer into
+Normandie where he was borne. Thus was the bishop of Elie a man full of
+pride and couetousnesse ouerthrowne with shame, and receiued for his hie
+climing a reprochfull downefall: for none are more subiect to ruine and
+rebuke, than such as be aloft and supereminent ouer others, as the poet
+noteth well saieng:
+    [Sidenote: _Ouid. lib. 1. de. rem. am._]
+    Summa petit liuor, perflant altissima venti,
+      Summa petunt dextra fulmina missa Iouis.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] In time he was deposed from his office of
+being chancellour, and not without warrant, for in verie déed, king
+Richard hauing receiued aduertisements from the lords and peeres of the
+realme, of the chancellours presumptuous and hautie demeanour, with
+wrongs offered to diuerse persons, wrote to them againe as followeth.
+
+     A letter of king Richard directed to the States of the land for the
+     deposing of the bishop of Elie from his office of lord chancellour.
+
+     Richard king of England sendeth greeting to William Marshall, to
+     Gilbert Fitz Peter, and Henrie Berdulfe, and to William Brewer,
+     peeres. If it so chance that our chancellour hath not faithfullie
+     handled the affaires and businesse of our realme (committed vnto
+     him) by the aduise and counsell of you, and others to whome we
+     haue also assigned the charge of gouernement of the same realme:
+     we command you, that according to your disposition in all things
+     to be doone concerning the gouernement thereof, you order and
+     dispose as well for eschetes, as all other things, &c.
+
+By force of this commission, the lords were the bolder to procéed
+against him as ye haue heard. Now after his comming into the parties
+beyond the seas, [Sidenote: The bishop of Elie complaineth of his wrongs
+receiued.] he ceassed not with letters and messengers to present his
+complaint to the pope of Rome, and to king Richard of the iniuries
+receiued at the hands of earle John and his complices. [Sidenote: The
+popes letters vnto the archbishope and bishops of England.] Herevpon
+pope Celestine wrote in déed to all the archbishops and bishops that
+were within the realme of England, in behalfe of the said bishop of
+Elie, declaring, that for so much as the king of England was gone into
+the holie land to warre against the enimies of our faith, leauing his
+kingdome vnder the protection of the apostolike see, he could not but
+haue speciall regard to see that the state, rights and honour thereof
+were preserued from all danger of decaie.
+
+[Sidenote: Note how the pope defendeth his chaplins.] Wherefore,
+vnderstanding that there had beene certeine attempts made by John erle
+of Mortaigne and others, both against the king and the bishop of Elie,
+that was not onelie legat of the apostolike sée, but also gouernour of
+the land appointed by the king, which attempt sounded greatlie to the
+reproch of the church of Rome, and danger of damage to insue to king
+Richard, if remedie were not the sooner found: therefore he commanded
+them by the vertue of their obedience, to excōmunicat the earle of
+Mortaigne, or any other that was knowne to haue laid any violent hands
+vpon the said bishop of Elie, or deteined him as captiue, or inforced
+him to any oth, or else had changed the state of rule in the kingdome of
+England to other forme, than king Richard had ordeined at his setting
+forward towards the holie land: and that not onelie all the
+councellours, authors, aiders and complices of those that had committed
+such outrage, but also their lands should stand interdicted, so that no
+diuine seruice should be vsed within the precinct of the same, except
+penance and christning of infants. This to remaine till the said bishop
+& kingdome were restored into the former estate: and that the parties
+excommunicated should present themselues with letters from the bishops
+vnto the apostolike see to be absolued, etc.
+
+Herevpon also the bishop of Elie himselfe wrote vnto the bishop of
+Lincolne and other, touching this matter: but the bishops did neither
+any thing in accomplishment of the effect of the popes letters, nor at
+his owne supplication. And therefore perceiuing small helpe to come that
+waie, he sought to obteine the fauour and fréendship of earle John, and
+of his mother quéene Elianor. In the meane time, the lords, barons and
+prelates of the realme, after they had depriued him of all authoritie,
+and banished him out of the land, ordeined the archbishop of Rouen in
+fauour of the kings commission, [Sidenote: The archbishop of Rouen
+chéefe gouernour of England.] to haue the chéefe rule and administration
+of things touching all the affaires of the common-wealth; but yet so as
+earle John had the dooings in manie points, so that he might séeme in
+manner an associat with him, whereof sprang much inconuenience. For this
+John being a man (as he is noted by some writers) of an ambitious
+nature, was suspected to aspire vnto the kingdome: in somuch that he had
+ioined with the French king, after the same king was returned foorth of
+the holie land, against his brother king Richard, if his mother quéene
+Elianor had not persuaded him to the contrarie.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ _Wil. Paruus._ Fiftene saith _Functius_, but
+others agrée with _Houed._ as _Gerardus Mercator_ citing _Albericus_ a
+moonke.] Whilest these things were a dooing, on the twelfth daie of
+Julie, the citie of Acres was surrendred into the Christian mens hands,
+for the Soldan Saladine (being approched néere to the siege of the
+christians with a puissant armie, in hope to haue raised their siege)
+when he perceiued it laie not in his power to worke any feat to the
+succour of his people within the citie, and that they were so
+constreined that they must néeds yéeld, he holpe to make their
+composition, and promised to performe certeine couenants on their
+behalfe. Herevpon, the Saracens within Acres couenanted not onelie to
+deliuer the citie vnto the christians with fiue hundred prisoners of
+christians which they had within the same, but also to procure that the
+holie crosse should be to them deliuered, with a thousand other
+christian prisoners, such as the christian princes should appoint out of
+those numbers which Saladine had in his custodie, and further, to giue
+them two hundred thousand Besans. And till these couenants were
+performed, it was agréed, that the Saracens, which were at that present
+left within the citie, should remaine as pledges, vnder condition, that
+if the same couenants were not performed within fortie daies, then
+should they stand at the mercie of the christian princes as touching
+life and lim.
+
+[Sidenote: The citie of Acres.] These things thus concluded, and the
+citie yéelded vp into the christian mens hands, the French king vpon
+enuie and malice conceiued against king Richard (although he pretended
+sicknesse for excuse) departed homewards, [Sidenote: The French K.
+returneth home.] setting from Acres the last day of Julie. Now then,
+after the departure of king Philip, when the day approched, in the which
+the Saracens should performe the couenants; or else stand to the
+iudgement of life and death at the pleasure of the christian princes: it
+was perceiued that the couenants would not be fulfilled according to the
+agréement. For Saladine, as it well appeared, ment not to performe that
+which for the safegard of his men he had vndertaken, and did but dallie
+with the christians to prolong the time: wherevpon sentence was giuen
+foorth, that for default in such behalfe, the Saracens remaining as
+pledges should loose their heads.
+
+Saladine hauing knowledge thereof, sent word to king Richard and to the
+whole christian armie, that if his people that were in the christian
+mens hands lost their heads, he would not faile but cause the heads of
+all those christians which he had in captiuitie to be cut off also.
+Notwithstanding which answer, on the fourteenth day of August king
+Richard issued foorth of the citie, passing the vttermost ditches, and
+incamped himselfe neere the armie of Saladine, who the same daie sent
+rich presents vnto king Richard, requiring of him a longer day for
+performance of the couenants, but that would not be granted. [Sidenote:
+Saladine causeth the christian prisoners to be beheaded.] Wherefore vpon
+the said deniall, Saladine caused all those christian prisoners which he
+had in his hands to be beheaded on the eightéenth day of August, on
+which day king Richard aduanced foorth towards the lodgings of the
+Saracens, and skirmished with them verie hotlie, so that manie were
+wounded and slaine on both parts: and amongst other one of king Richards
+companions at all exercises named Peter Mignot lost his life there.
+Furthermore, although king Richard knew that Saladine had put the
+christian prisoners to death in such wise as you haue heard, yet would
+not he preuent his terme appointed for the execution of the Saracens
+that were in his custodie, but abiding vnto the twentith day of August,
+he then caused those Saracens which fell to his lot, at the time of the
+surrender of Acres, being in number about 2600. to be brought foorth of
+the citie, and néere to the walles in the sight of Saladine and all his
+host they had their heads chopped off. The duke of Burgoigne caused
+execution to be doone within the citie vpon those which fell to the
+French kings share, the number of the which rose to two thousand and
+foure hundred, or thereabouts: for the whole number was reckoned to be
+about fiue thousand that thus lost their liues through the inconstancie
+of their prince: yet diuerse of the principall had their liues saued.
+The Saracens themselues also spake much euill of Saladine for this
+matter, [Sidenote: _R. Houed._] bicause that refusing to performe the
+articles of couenants, he had occasioned the enimie to slea those that
+had so valiantlie serued in defense of the citie, to the vttermost
+ieopardie of their liues. And heere is verified that knowne verse,
+    Quicquid delirant reges plectuntur Achiui.
+
+[Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] But now to leaue forren matters, and to returne
+home into England: we find, that on the second of December, the monks of
+Canturburie chose to their archbishop Reignold bishop of Bath, who
+within fifteene daies after his election, departed this life, and lieth
+buried at Bath. [Sidenote: Strife betwixt y^e archbishop of York and the
+bishop of Durham.] Also this yeare, or (as Ger. Dor. saith) in the yeare
+following, the bishop of Durham sought meanes to withdraw his subiection
+from the archbishop of Yorke, for which attempt the archbishop of Yorke,
+vpon trust of the popes grant, did not excommunicate the said bishop,
+notwithstanding that he appealed to the popes consistorie three seuerall
+times, putting his owne matter and his churches to be examined and tried
+by the pope, where vpon he obeied not the excommunication: and
+signifieng the cause vnto Rome, obteined such fauour, that the pope and
+his cardinals reuersed the sentence, and iudged the excommunication to
+be of none effect. And further they decreed, that if the archbishop of
+Yorke had broken the altars and chalices, as information was giuen, in
+which the bishop of Durham had celebrated after his appeale made to the
+court of Rome, that then should the said bishop of Durham be acquited
+from owing any subiection to the said archbishop for so long as they two
+should liue togither.
+
+True it is, that the archbishop had not onelie broken the altars and
+chalices which the bishop had vsed in déed for the celebration of masse,
+but also held his owne brother John earle of Mortaigne for
+excommunicate, bicause he had eat and dronke in companie of the said
+bishop, and would not communicate with him, till he came to receiue
+absolution, and to make satisfaction for his fault. In the end the
+bishops of Lincolne and Rochester, with the abbat of Peterburrow, were
+appointed by the pope to haue the hearing of this matter, as iudges
+authorised by his buls, who sat therevpon at Northampton, vpon S. Calixt
+his day, where after they had heard both parties argue what they could
+in either of their cases, they gaue a longer day, to wit, vntill the
+feast of the natiuitie of saint John Baptist next after, to see if by
+anie good means there might some agréement haue beene had betwixt them,
+or (if that could not be) that then the popes leters should stand in
+force as before, & the helpes of either part saued, as though no delaie
+had béene vsed. And to this, both parties were agreeable, speciallie at
+the motion of the bishop of Lincolne.
+
+[Sidenote: Roger Lacie conestable of Chester.] This yeare also, Roger de
+Lacie conestable of Chester tooke Alan de Lec and Peter de Bouencort,
+and vpon despite hanged them, for that being put in trust amongst other
+with the kéeping of the castels of Notingham and Tickhill, which he had
+receiued into his custodie of the bishop of Elie quondam lord
+chancellour, they had consented to the treason of Robert de Crokeston, &
+Eudo de Duuille, which deliuered the same castels vnto John earle of
+Mortaigne. The same earle of Mortaigne was highlie offended for the
+death of those two persons, and therefore wasted the lands of the said
+Roger which lay within the compasse of his iurisdiction.
+
+But now touching the departure of the French king from Acres, diuerse
+occasions are remembred by writers of the emulation and secret spite
+which he should beare towards king Richard, and beside other alreadie
+touched, one was for enterteining and reléeuing the earle of Champaigne
+in such bountifull wise in his necessitie, that he was readie to forsake
+the French kings seruice, and cleaue to king Richard. But howsoeuer it
+came to passe, partlie through enuie (as hath béene thought) conceiued
+at the great déeds of king Richard, whose mightie power and valiantnesse
+he could not well abide, and partlie for other respects him moouing, he
+tooke the sea with thrée gallies of the Geneuois, and returned into
+Italie, and so home into France, hauing promised first vnto king Richard
+at his departure out of the holie land, and after to pope Celestine at
+Rome, that he would not attempt any hurtfull enterprise against the
+English dominions, till king Richard should be returned foorth of the
+holie land. [Sidenote: The euill dealling & breach of promise of the
+French king.] But this promise was not kept, for after that he was
+returned into France, he first sought to procure the foresaid erle John,
+king Richards brother, to rebell against him, promising him not onelie
+aid to reduce all his brothers dominions into his hands, but also to
+giue his sister Adela in marriage, whom king Richard vpon suspicion of
+vnchast liuing, had forsaken, as before ye haue heard. But when earle
+John was dissuaded by his mother, from accepting this offer (which
+otherwise as it is said he would willinglie haue receiued) king Philip
+still reteined a malicious rancor in his hart, and in reuenge of old
+displeasures, would haue attempted the warre against the subiects of
+king Richard, if his lords would haue ioined with him: but they
+considering what slander would redound hereby both to him and them for
+the iniurie doone to the christian common-welth, in making warre against
+him that was occupied in defense of the faith against the common enimies
+of christendome, would not giue their consent thereto, and so the matter
+rested, till king Richard was taken prisoner in Almaigne, and then what
+followed, it shall after appeare.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._ Enuious discord among the christians.] In the
+meane while, the christian armie atchiued some worthie enterprises in
+the holie land, though not manie, by reason of such enuious discord as
+reigned amongst the chéefe gouernours. It chanced yet on the éeue of the
+Natiuitie of our ladie next after the departure of king Philip, as king
+Richard marched foorth towards Japh ancientlie called Joppa, that the
+Soldan Saladine taking aduantage of the place, did set vpon the rereward
+of the christians: [Sidenote: K. Richard discomfiteth the Saracens néere
+to Port Japh.] but his Saracens (after they had fought right fiercelie
+from noone till sunne setting) were so beaten backe at length, and
+repelled with such losse and disaduantage, that in 40. yeares before
+they had not susteined at one time greater damage. Amongst other of the
+christians slaine at that encounter, was one James Dauenes, a man of
+high prowesse and valiancie.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] Moreouer, king Richard wan diuerse townes and
+castels out of the enimies hands, as Ascalon, Darus, and diuerse other,
+and some he fortified, as Ascalon aforesaid, and Port Japh, otherwise
+called Joppa. There were sundrie encounters also betwixt the Saracens
+and christians, wherein king Richard and his people bare themselues so
+manfullie, that the victorie for the most part continuallie rested on
+their side. [Sidenote: 1192.] At one time also, hearing of a great
+conueie of vittels, munitions, and other things which came from Babylon
+towards Jerusalem to furnish Saladine and his armie (which conueies they
+call carauannes) king Richard with a competent power of men met them on
+the waie, and distressed those that were attendant vpon the safegard of
+that carriage, being in number about two thousand horssemen, besides a
+great multitude of footmen, and therewith tooke the carriages with foure
+thousand and six hundred camels and dromedaries, besides an innumerable
+sort of mules, asses, and other beasts of burthen.
+
+¶ But to speake of all the worthie exploits atchiued by king Richard and
+his valiant capteins there in the holie land against the infidels, it
+would require a long treatise, and therefore here we passe them ouer.
+This is to be noted, that amongst other of whom we find honorable
+mention made by writers for their high valiancie shewed in those
+exploits, these are named as cheefe, [Sidenote: The names of such noble
+men as were famous for their valiant dooings in this voiage.] Robert
+earle of Leicester, Hubert bishop of Salisburie, with the earles of S.
+Paule and Dreux, beside diuerse other, as Hugh de Gourney, William de
+Borrez, Walcline de Ferrers, Roger de Toonie, James de Auenes, the
+bishop of Beauuois, William de Barres, William de Tarland, Drogo de
+Merlo, Robert de Nealle, Henrie Fitz Nicholas, Robert de Newburg, Rafe
+de S. Marie, Arnold de Bois, Henrie de Mailoc, William & Saule de Bruil,
+Andrew de Chauignie, Henrie de Graie, Peter de Pratellis, Stephan de
+Turneham, Baldwin Carron, Clarenbald de Mount Chablon, Manser de Lisle,
+Richard de Orques and Theodorike Philip, Ferrike de Vienne, Gilbert
+Malemaine, Alexander d'Arsie, Stephan de Longchamp, Seguin de Barret,
+Roger de Glanuille, Raimond Fitz Prince, Bartholomew de Mortimer, Gerard
+Furniuall, Rafe de Malleon, Roger de Sacie, [Sidenote: De Poole aliàs de
+Stagno.] William de Poole, Hugh de Neuill, Henrie Teutch or (if ye will)
+Teutonicus the kings standardbearer, with diuerse others, as well
+Englishmen, Frenchmen, Normans, Poictouins, Aniouines, Britans,
+Gascoignes, as other nations, of whome partlie mention is alreadie made
+before in this booke, and partlie for breefenesse diuerse are omitted.
+
+But now to returne, sure it is, that king Richard meant to haue
+recouered the citie of Jerusalem, and all the holie land out of the
+Saracens hands, by the assistance of almightie God: if the doubt which
+he had of his brother the earle of Mortaigns practises, & the French
+kings doings, which were brought to him with a greeuous report, had not
+reuoked him home. [Sidenote: _Galf. Vinsaf._] For diuerse messengers
+were sent dailie into the holie land, to aduertise him of such dangers
+as were like to insue, if by his speedie returne the same were not
+preuented. And first after Easter, there came to him the prior of
+Hereford with letters from the bishop of Elie, conteining a sore
+information against his brother earle John, for hauing expelled those
+whom he had appointed rulers ouer the realme of England, and altered the
+state of things there contrarie to the ordinances by him deuised afore
+his setting forward vpon his iournie (as before ye haue partlie heard.)
+
+Vpon receipt of which letters, he meant immediatlie at the first to haue
+returned, and to haue left behind him a conuenient power of men, to wit,
+thrée hundred knights or men of armes, and two thousand chosen footmen,
+to abide vpon the defense of the holie land, with other christians at
+his costs and charges. But yet at length he was persuaded to tarrie,
+speciallie till things were set in some better staie, which were out of
+order by the death of the marques of Montferrato, lord of Tire,
+[Sidenote: The marques of Montferrato murthered by the Assassini.] whom
+two traitorous Saracens of the kind which they name Assassini had
+murthered. After whose death Henrie earle of Champaigne nephue to king
+Richard married his wife, and was made king of Jerusalem, Guido
+resigning to him his title, vnto whome as it were in recompense king
+Richard gaue the Ile of Cypres: although some write, that the knights
+Templers had bought it of him before. Thus king Richard remaining still
+in the holie land, shortlie after Whitsuntide, there came an other
+messenger to him, one John de Alanzon a clearke, bringing worsse newes
+out of England than the prior of Hereford had brought before, which in
+effect conteined, [Sidenote: Earle John purposed to seize vpon the
+kingdom in his brothers absence.] that his brother earle John was alied
+as a confederat with the French king, and meant through his setting on,
+to seize into his possession the whole realme of England,
+notwithstanding the persuasion of his mother quéene Elianor and other
+his fréends to the contrarie.
+
+Herevpon king Richard was fullie persuaded to returne home, but yet
+through the admonition of certeine persons, [Sidenote: William de
+Poicters K. Richards chapleine.] and namelie of one William de Poicters,
+a chapleine of his, he eftsoones altered his purpose, and so remained
+there, till at length through enuie and malice still increasing amongst
+the Christians, he perceiued how no good purpose go forward, since that
+which séemed good to some, was misliked of other; and speciallie our
+writers put great blame in the French men, who either vpon disdaine or
+other displeasure would not be persuaded to follow their aduise, which
+were knowne best to vnderstand the state of things in those parties. And
+herevpon, when the armie was aduanced to Betenoble, a place not past
+foure leagues distant from Jerusalem, bicause their mind might not be
+fulfilled for the besieging of Jerusalem, which they had intended to
+take in hand (whereas the residue would rather that they shuld haue gone
+to besiege Babylon in Aegypt, and that vpon sundrie great respects) the
+Frenchmen raised their field, and returned againe to Acres in great
+despite, putting the rest of the armie also (so much as in them laie) in
+danger of vtter ruine and distresse.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 4.] Then king Richard and the other Christian
+capteins perceiuing how the matter inclined, and giuing ouer all hope of
+any more good successe, followed them. So that after they were thus
+returned to Acres, king Richard still doubting least his long absence
+from home might put him in danger of more losse here, than he saw hope
+of present gaine to be had there, in such diuersitie of humours and
+priuie malice which reigned among them, he determined fullie to depart
+homewards, with no lesse purpose to returne thither againe after he had
+setled things at home in such sure stay as was expedient for the suertie
+of his owne estate and quietnesse of his people. [Sidenote: _Wil.
+Paruus._] Herevpon being readie to enter into his ships at Acres [or as
+some haue, being on his iournie homewards in Cypres] he was aduertised
+that the Souldane Saladine had taken the town of Japh, slaine a great
+number of the christians within it, and besieged the residue within the
+castell, the which (constreined through feare) had compounded to yéeld,
+if within thrée daies there came no succour.
+
+King Richard being hereof aduertised, and turning gréef into valiancie,
+with all spéed sailed backe vnto Japh, and landing there with his
+people, caused his enimies to forsake the towne: but anon assembling
+themselues againe togither, they turned once more to besiege it,
+wherevpon he issued foorth into the fields, [Sidenote: K. Richard
+rescueth Port Japh.] and fought with them sundrie daies togither, till
+finallie they were content to forsake their enterprise, and to depart
+thence for altogither. In these conflicts the valiant courage of King
+Richard, and the worthie manhood of his souldiers right well appeared:
+[Sidenote: _Rad. Niger._ _Matth. Paris._] for he brought not with him at
+that time vnto Japh aboue 80 men of armes, and foure hundred other
+souldiers with crossebowes, and yet with that small handfull of men, and
+some aid of them that he found there in the castell, he did not onelie
+bid battell to the enimies, which were numbered to 62 thousand, but also
+put them to the woorsse, and caused them to flee backe, to their great
+shame and confusion.
+
+[Sidenote: Cephas. K. Richard fell sicke.] Thus Japh being deliuered out
+of the enimies hands, king Richard fell sicke at a castell called
+Cephas, and so remained there certeine daies, till he had recouered his
+health. In which meane time the Soldane Saladine seeming to lament his
+case, sent vnto him certeine of his councellors to common with him of
+peace, declaring that although he well vnderstood that king Richard ment
+shortlie to returne into his countrie, and that after his departure out
+of the east parts, he could with small adoo recouer all that the
+christians yet held within the holie land, he would neuerthelesse in
+respect of king Richards high prowes, and noble valliancie, grant a
+peace for a certeine time, so that not onelie Ascalon, but also all
+other such townes and places as the christians had fortified or woone
+since the conquest of Acres should be raced, as touching their walles,
+bulworks, gates, and other fortifications.
+
+King Richard (though he perceiued that this offer of peace tended vnto
+this point cheefelie, that Saladine would thereby adnihilate whatsoeuer
+the christian armie had doone in the holie land since his & the French
+kings arriuall, so that by the said peace he should gaine more than by
+the edge of his sword) did somewhat staie at this offer and demand, as a
+thing greatlie dishonourable to the christians, to lose by treatie of
+peace so much or rather more than they got by force of warres (a meere
+token of faint and féeble courage) yet considering that in such
+necessitie both of his departure from thence, and also of lacke of other
+succors to resist the puissance of the enimies, after his comming awaie,
+he iudged it best to take the offer at the enimies hands in auoiding of
+some greater euill. [Sidenote: A peace concluded betwixt the Christians
+& Saracens.] Herevpon therefore was a peace concluded to endure for
+thrée yeares, thrée moneths, thrée wéeks, thrée daies, and three houres,
+to begin at Easter next insuing. And among other articles, it was
+couenanted, that the christians should haue frée passage to come and go
+vnto the citie of Jerusalem, to visit the holie sepulchre there, which
+was granted; so that amongst a great number of christians that
+presentlie vpon this conclusion went thither, [Sidenote: Hubert bishop
+of Salisburie.] Hubert bishop of Salisburie was one, who had continued
+about the king during the time of all his iournie till this time.
+
+King Richard hauing thus concluded with Saladine, tooke the sea, and
+comming againe into Cypres, sent his wife queene Berengaria with his
+sister Joane (late quéene of Sicile) into England by the long seas, but
+he himselfe not minding to lie long on the seas, [Sidenote: K. Richard
+taketh his iornie homewards.] determined to take his course into Grecia,
+and so by land to passe homewards with all speed possible. Howbeit yer
+he could atteine his purpose, his chance was to be driuen by tempest
+into the coast of Istria, not farre from Aquilia, where he stood in some
+doubt of his life. For if he had beene knowne and taken, they would
+surelie haue killed him, [Sidenote: K. Richard slandered for the death
+of y^e marques of Montferrato.] bicause of the slander that went of
+him, as guiltie of the death of Conrade the marquesse of Montferrato,
+who indéed was slaine by two of the Assassini in the citie of Tyrus,
+whilest king Richard was in the holie land (as before yée haue heard.)
+
+He therefore hauing here made shipwracke, and doubting to fall into the
+hands of any person in those parts that bare good will vnto the
+marquesse (against whome he had indéed shewed himselfe not freendlie in
+a quarrell betwixt the said marquesse and Guido king of Jerusalem) made
+the best shift he could to get away, yet knowledge being had of him,
+[Sidenote: _W. Paruus._ Erle of Gorze Saltzburge.] and serch made after
+him by one Meinard of Gorezein, he lost eight of his seruants, and so
+came to a towne within the bishoprike of Saltzburge called Frisake,
+where he was eftsoones in danger to haue beene taken againe by one
+Frederike de saint Soome, who notwithstanding tooke six of his men, but
+yet he himselfe with three other of his companie made shift to get away.
+[Sidenote: K. Richard commeth to Vienna.] Finallie comming to Vienna in
+Austrich, and there causing his seruants to prouide meat for him, more
+sumptuous and fine than was thought requisit for so meane a person as he
+counterfeited then to beare out in countenance, it was streightwaies
+suspected that he was some other maner of man than he pretended,
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] and in fine, those that marked more diligentlie
+the maner of him, perceiued what he was, and gaue knowledge to the duke
+of Austrich named Leopold, being then in the citie of Vienna, what they
+had seene. His page that had the Dutch toong, going about the towne to
+change gold, and buy vittels, bewraied him, hauing by chance the kings
+gloues vnder his girdle: wherevpon comming to be examined for feare of
+tortures confessed the truth.
+
+[Sidenote: _Ra. Niger._] The duke streightwaies caused the house where
+he was lodged, to be set about with armed men, and sent other into the
+house to apprehend him. He being warie that he was descried, got him to
+his weapon: but they aduising him to be contented, and alledging the
+dukes commandement, he boldlie answered, "that sith he must be taken, he
+being a king, would yéeld himselfe to none of the companie but to the
+duke alone, and therefore if it would please him to come, he would yéeld
+himselfe into his hands." [Sidenote: K. Richard submitteth himselfe to
+the duke of Austrich.] The duke hearing of this, spéedilie came vnto
+him, whom he meeting, deliuered vp his sword, and committed him vnto his
+custodie. The duke reioising of such a preie, brought him vnto his
+palace, and with gentle words enterteined him, though he meant no great
+good towards him, as well inough appeared in that he committed him to
+the keeping of certeine gentlemen, which without much courtesie looked
+streightlie inough to him for starting awaie, in somuch that they kept
+him in cold irons (as some authours doo write.) [Sidenote: _N. Triuet._]
+He was taken after the maner aforesaid in December vpon S. Thomas éeue,
+in the yéere of our Lord 1192. and in the fourth yeare of his reigne.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polychron._] The duke of Austrich owght the king no good
+will, bicause he had cast downe his ensignes pitcht vp in a turret at
+Acres, which he had woone at the verie time when that citie was
+deliuered by the Saracens: [Sidenote: The cause of the displeasure
+betwixt the duke of Austrich & king Richard.] for while they were in
+tretie on the one side, the duke on the other, not knowing anie thing
+thereof, gaue the assault vnto that part of the towne which was
+appointed vnto him to besiege. And so being entred the towne, and
+perceiuing that by treatie it was to be deliuered, he retired into the
+turret which he had first woone and entred, and there set vp his
+standard and ensignes, which king Richard (as the Dutch writers affirme)
+comming thither, threw downe and trode vnder his féet.
+
+[Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] But Geruasius Dorobornensis declareth this
+matter somewhat otherwise, as thus. After that the said citie of Acres
+was rendred into the christian mens hands (saith he) diuerse lords tooke
+their lodgings as they thought good, and hanged foorth their ensignes.
+And as it chanced, the duke of Austrich placing himselfe in one of the
+fairest palaces of all the citie, put foorth his ensigne, whereof king
+Richard being warie, came thither with a companie of hardie souldiers
+about him, and threw downe the dukes ensigne, so displacing him out of
+that so pleasant and beautifull a lodging. [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] For
+this cause, and also surmizing that king Richard should be guiltie of
+the death of the marques Conrade, the duke of Austrich shewed such
+discourtesie towards him. But concerning the murther of the marques, the
+chéefe gouernour of those Saracens called Assassini cleared king Richard
+by a letter written and directed vnto the duke of Austrich in manner as
+followeth.
+
+     A letter directed to the duke of Austrich, wherein king Richard is
+     cleared of the death of the marquesse of Mountferrat, whereof he
+     was vehementlie suspected.
+
+     Lvpoldo duci Austriæ, Vetus de Monte salutem. Cùm plurimi reges &
+     principes vltra mare Richardum regem Angliæ & dominum de morte
+     marchisi inculpent, iuro per dominum qui regnat in æternum, &
+     per legem quam tenemus, quòd in eius mortem nullam culpam habuit.
+     Est siquidem causa mortis ipsius marchisi talis. Vnus ex
+     fratribus nostris in vnam nauem de Satalei, ad partes nostras
+     veniebat, & tempestas illum fortè ad Tyrum appulit, & marchisus
+     fecit illum capere & occidere, & magnam pecuniam eius rapuit. Nos
+     verò marchiso nuncios nostros misimus, mandantes vt pecuniam
+     fratris nostri nobis redderet, & de morte fratris nostri nobiscum
+     se concordaret, & noluit.
+
+     Nec non & nuncios nostros spreuit, & mortem fratris nostri super
+     Reginaldum dominum de Sidonis posuit, & nos tantùm fecimus per
+     amicos nostros, quod in veritate scimus, quòd ille fecit illum
+     occidere & pecuniam rapere. Et iterum alium nuncium nostrum
+     nomine Edrisum misimus ad eum, quem in mare mergere voluit, sed
+     amici nostri illum à Tyro festinanter fecerunt recedere, qui ad
+     nos peruenit, & ista nobis nunciauit. Nos quoque ex illa hora
+     marchisum desiderauimus occidere. Túncque duos fratres misimus ad
+     Tyrum, qui eum apertè & ferè coram omni populo Tyri occiderunt.
+
+     Hæc ergò fuit causa mortis marchisi, & benè dicimus vobis in
+     veritate, quòd dominus Richardus rex Angliæ in hac marchisi morte
+     nullam culpam habuit. Et qui propter hoc domino regi Angliæ malum
+     fecerunt, iniustè fecerunt, & sine causa. Sciatis pro certo, quòd
+     nullum hominem huius mundi pro mercede aliqua vel pecunia
+     occidimus, nisi priùs nobis malum fecerit. Et sciatis quòd has
+     literas fecimus in domo nostra ad castellum nostrum Messiat in
+     dimidio Septembri, anno ab Alexandro 1505.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     The same in English.
+
+     Vetus de Monte to Lupold duke of Austrich sendeth greeting. Where
+     manie kings and princes beyond the seas blame Richard king of
+     England of the marques his death, I sweare by the lord that
+     reigneth euerlastinglie, and by the law which we hold, that he
+     was not in fault for his death. For the verie cause of the
+     marques his death was such as followeth. One of our brethren in a
+     ship of Satalie came towards our parties, and chanced by tempest
+     to be driuen vnto Tyre, and the marques caused him to be taken
+     and slaine and tooke a great portion of monie that he had in the
+     ship with him. Whervpon we sent our messengers to the marques,
+     commanding him to restore vnto vs the monie of our brother, and
+     to compound with vs for our said brothers death, and he would
+     not.
+
+     Moreouer, he also contemned our messengers, & laid the fault of
+     our brothers death vpon Reginald lord of Sidon, and we did so
+     much through our freends, that we got full vnderstanding that the
+     marques himselfe caused him to be slaine, and tooke his monie.
+     And therefore we sent vnto him againe an other messenger named
+     Edrisus, whome he would haue drowned in the sea, but our freends
+     made such shift, that they procured him to depart with speed from
+     Tyre, who returned to vs, and signified these things to vs for
+     certeine. And from that houre euer after we had a desire to slea
+     the marques: and so then we sent two of our brethren vnto Tyre,
+     who openlie, & in a manner in presence of all the people of Tyre
+     slue him.
+
+     This therefore was the verie cause of the death of the marques: &
+     we say to you in good sooth, that the lord Richard king of
+     England, in this death of the marques was nothing culpable: and
+     they that haue doone anie displeasure vnto the king of England
+     for this cause, they haue doone it wrongfullie, and without anie
+     iust occasion. Know ye for certeine, that we do not vse to kill
+     anie man of this world for anie bribe, or for monie, except he
+     haue doone to vs some harme afore time. And know ye that we haue
+     made these letters in our house at our castell of Messuat, in the
+     midst of September, in the yeare from Alexander the great, 1505.
+
+¶ Thus we see how king Richard was cleared of that crime concerning the
+marques his death by the tenour of this letter. And verelie it is most
+like that king Richard would haue béene loth to haue communicated his
+purpose vnto such a wicked kind of pagans as the Assassini were, if he
+had pretended any such matter, but rather would haue sought his reuenge
+by some other meanes. Now therefore to our purpose.
+
+The newes of the taking of king Richard was anon bruted and blowne ouer
+all Germanie, wherevpon the emperour Henrie the sixt, the sonne of
+Frederike the first, [Sidenote: 1193.] sent in all hast vnto the duke,
+persuading him to deliuer the king into his hands, being able to
+susteine and abide the malice of all them that would be offended with
+the taking and deteining of him prisoner, as the pope and others. The
+emperour well vnderstood the wealth and riches of England, and therefore
+hoped to make some good purchase by ransoming the king, if he might get
+him out of the dukes hands. The duke perceiuing also the emperours
+meaning, durst not well denie his request, [Sidenote: The king is
+deliuered to the emperor. _Matth. Paris._] and therefore he deliuered
+the king vnto them that were sent from the emperour, who couenanted to
+giue vnto the said duke the summe of 6000. pounds of Cullen weight for
+the hauing of the said king. The emperour thus receiuing the king at the
+hands of the duke of Austrich, commanded that he should be committed to
+close prison, and would not doo so much as once speake with him. This he
+did, to cause the king vpon an indignation and wearinesse of that maner
+of life, to make speed in offering some large masse of monie for his
+libertie & deliuerance. ¶ Thus we sée how couetousnesse infected the
+hearts of the mightie, and what occasion the emperour and duke did take,
+to inrich themselues by the meanes of the king, whome they forced not to
+impouerish, so their owne greedie worme were serued. But this hath béene
+a disease not so generall as ancient, according to his words that said,
+    [Sidenote: _Ouid. lib. Fast. 1._]
+    Vix ego Saturno quenquam regnante videbam,
+      Cuius non animo dulcia lucra forent.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] Here is to be remembred by the waie, that
+about the same time, or somewhat before, [Sidenote: Two legats from y^e
+pope.] in the yeare of our Lord 1192. the pope sent two legats (namelie,
+Octauian bishop of Hostia, and Jordane de Fossa noua) into Normandie, to
+reconcile the bishop of Elie and the archbishop of Rouen: but comming
+vnto Gisors, they were staied from entring any further into the
+countrie, [Sidenote: Normandie interdicted.] wherevpon they did
+interdict the whole duchie of Normandie, togither with William Fitz
+Radulfe lord steward of that countrie, bicause he was the man that had
+so staied them. Immediatlie herevpon, queene Elianor, and the archbishop
+of Rouen sent vnto those legats Hugh bishop of Durham, requiring them to
+release that sentence of interdiction so pronounced against the steward
+and countrie of Normandie in the kings absence, but they would not,
+except they might be receiued into Normandie: howbeit, the pope being
+sent vnto, released it, and caused the legats to release it also, and
+yet they entred not into Normandie at all.
+
+[Sidenote: The earle of Pieregort & others wast the K. of Englands
+lands.] This yeare, whilest the seneschall of Gascoigne laie sicke, the
+earle of Pieregort, and the vicount of March, and almost all the lords
+and barons of Gascoigne, began to waste and destroie the lands of king
+Richard. And though the seneschall manie times by messengers required a
+peace, or at the least some truce, yet could he not haue any grant
+thereof: [Sidenote: The seneschal of Gascoigne reuengeth iniurie.]
+wherfore vpon his recouerie of health he inuaded the lands of the said
+earle, tooke the castels and fortresses and some of them he fortified,
+and kept to the kings vse, and some of them he raced downe to the
+ground. He also inuaded the vicounts countrie, and subdued it to the
+kings gouernement. [Sidenote: The king of Nauarres brother.] Shortlie
+after came the brother of the king of Nauarre, with eight hundred
+knights or men of armes to the seneschals aid, and so they two togither
+entring into the lands of the earle of Tholouse, tooke diuerse castels
+and fortresses within the same, of the which some they fortified, and
+some they raced, and rode euen to the gates of Tholouse, and lodged in
+maner vnder the walles of the citie.
+
+A little before Christmas also, diuerse of those that had béene in the
+holie land with king Richard, came home into England, not knowing but
+that king Richard had beene at home before them, and being asked where
+they thought he was become, they could say no more but that they had
+seene the ship wherein he first went aboord, arriuing at Brendize in
+Puglia. At length, when newes came that he was taken and staied as
+prisoner, the archbishop of Rouen and other the rulers of the realme of
+England, [Sidenote: The abbats of Boxley and Roberts-bridge.] sent the
+abbat of Boxeley and the abbat of Roberts-bridge with all spéed into
+Almaine to speake with him, and to vnderstand his state, and what his
+pleasure was in all things. Who comming to Germanie, passed through the
+countrie into Baierland, where at a place called Oxefer they found the
+king as then on his iournie towards the emperour, to whom (as yée haue
+heard) the duke of Austrich did send him. The said abbats attended him
+to the emperours court, and remained there with him till the emperour
+and he were accorded, in manner as after shall be shewed: and then after
+Easter they returned with the newes into England.
+
+[Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] Vpon report hereof order was taken for manie
+things, but cheefelie for the state: in which dealings, forsomuch as
+those which had the rule of the land stood in great doubt of things (for
+the inconstant nature of earle John was of them much suspected) first
+they caused a new oth of allegiance to be made to king Richard, and
+receiued of the people. They fortified also such townes and castels as
+were of importance, both with repairing the walles and other defenses
+about the same, and furnishing them with men, munition and vittels. Thus
+was the land brought into some order.
+
+[Sidenote: The French king counselleth K. John to vsurpe against his
+brother.] In the meane while, the French king being aduertised that king
+Richard was deteined as prisoner reioised not a little thereat, and with
+all speed by secret messages did send for his brother earle John, who
+was readie to come at his call. And being come, he exhorted him not to
+suffer so conuenient an occasion to passe, but to take the gouernement
+of the realme of England now into his hands, promising him all such aid
+as he could of him reasonablie require: with other like talke still
+tending to the prouocation of the earle to forsake his allegiance vnto
+his brother. And to say the truth, earle John was easilie persuaded so
+to doo, and therefore vpon his immediat returne into England, assembled
+an armie, and with the same (and such strangers as he brought with him)
+began to prooue maisteries, first winning the castels of Windsore,
+Wallingford, Notingham, and diuerse other, and fortifieng the same to
+his owne vse and defense.
+
+The barons of the land, iudging such vnlawfull doings not to be anie
+longer suffered, first besieged the castell of Windsore, and after
+preparing to leuie a greater force, did put them within in such feare,
+that they yéelded vp the same, séeking to escape by flight, some into
+one place, and some into an other, the which yet being apprehended were
+put to worthie execution. [Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] But this was not doone
+without continuance of time, & without great trouble & charges to the
+realme: for whereas there was a practise betwixt the French king and
+earle John, that a great power of strangers, & namelie Flemings should
+haue come into the realme (for whose transporting a great number of
+ships were brought togither at Witsand) yet the high prouidence and
+goodnesse of God disappointed their purpose. For their messengers being
+taken which were sent hither into England, the treason was reuealed, and
+by the queene mothers appointment (who cheefelie then ruled the land) a
+great companie of knights, men of armes, and commons of the countrie,
+watched the sea coasts ouer against Flanders, to keepe the enimies from
+landing. They began thus to watch in the passion wéeke, and so continued
+till a certeine time after Easter. Howbeit earle John came secréetlie
+ouer, in hope to haue not onelie the assistance of the Welshmen and of
+manie other his freends in England, but also of the Scots, howbeit, the
+king of Scots would not meddle. He therefore with such Welshmen and
+other as he had brought ouer, and such Englishmen as he could get to
+take his part, began such attempts (as before ye haue heard) to the
+disquieting of the whole realme, and great displeasure of the king.
+
+Moreouer, beside that power of the barons which laid siege to Windsor
+castell, there were Noble men also in other parts of the realme that
+were readie to resist him. [Sidenote: The archbishop of Yorke. Hugh
+Bardolfe. William de Stuteuille.] And amongst other, Geffrey the
+archbishop of Yorke, with Hugh Bardolfe one of the kings iustices, and
+William de Stuteuille, assembled an armie, and comming to Doncaster,
+fortified[9] the towne: but when the archbishop would haue gone forward
+to besiege the castell of Tickhill, which earle John had in possession,
+the other two his associats would not consent to go with him, bicause
+they were seruants, and reteined with earle John. Herewith the
+archbishop being sore offended, departed from them, calling them
+traitors to their king, and enimies to the realme.
+
+About the same time did the French king enter into Normandie with an
+armie, & comming to the towne of Gisors, besieged it, the which one
+Gilbert de Vascoll or Guascoill capteine thereof (to his high reproch)
+yéelded vp vnto him, with an other castell also called Nefle, which he
+had likewise in kéeping. [Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] After this, the
+French king entring into the countrie of Veuxine or Veulquessine, wan
+diuers towns and fortresses in the same, and passing forward, tooke Val
+de Rueil, and Neusburge, [Sidenote: Rouen besieged.] and finallie
+comming before the citie of Rouen he laid siege thereto: [Sidenote: The
+earle of Leicester.] but the earle of Leicester being gotten into the
+citie before the French kings comming thither, so incouraged the
+citizens, that they stoutlie standing to their defense, caused the
+French king to his great dishonour to raise his field, hauing lost there
+more than he wan. [Sidenote: _Polydor._] Yet to saue other townes and
+castels from taking, and the countrie from destruction, the rulers of
+the same procured a truce for a great summe of monie, which they
+couenanted to giue, deliuering vp foure notable castels by waie of
+engagement, till the summe agreed vpon should be to him contented and
+dulie paid.
+
+In the meane time, earle John as head of all the conspiratours,
+perceiuing himselfe not able to atchieue his purpose as then, nor to
+resist the lords and barons of the realme, being vp in armour against
+him, and now growen to greater stomach, bicause they vnderstood by the
+bishop of Salisburie latelie arriued, of the kings welfare, and hope of
+deliuerance; and furthermore, considering that he was disappointed both
+of Scots and Flemings as he had well hoped should haue come to his aid:
+he tooke a truce with the lords of the kings side, by the earnest
+trauell of the bishop of Salisburie, [Sidenote: Michaelmas, saith _Ger.
+Dorob._] till the feast of All saincts, so as the castels of Windsore,
+Wallingford, and the Peake, should remaine in the hands of his mother
+queene Elianor; but the castels of Notingham and Tickhill remained still
+in his owne possession, the which with such other castels as he held
+within the land, he furnished with garrisons of his owne men and
+freends, and then went againe ouer into France to the French king, to
+purchase some new aid at his hands according to his promise.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] Here will we leaue earle John conferring with
+the French king, and returne to the king of England. Vpon Palmesundaie
+after that he was deliuered (or rather betraied) into the emperours
+hands, he was brought before the princes and lords of the empire,
+[Sidenote: The emperour chargeth king Richard with iniuries doone to the
+Sicilians.] in whose presence the emperour charged him with diuerse
+vnlawfull dooings: and namelie picked a quarell at him for the wrongs
+and hurts doone to the Sicilians in time of his soiourning in their Ile,
+as he went towards the holie land. For albeit the said emperour had
+nothing as then to doo in the countrie, yet for somuch as he had latelie
+recouered the Ile of Sicile out of king Tancreds hands, and was now
+intituled king thereof by the pope, in right of his wife Constance, the
+daughter of Roger king of Sicile, and so by reason therof seemed to be
+gréeuouslie offended with him for his dooings about the recouering of
+the monie from Tancred, which neuerthelesse was iustlie due vnto his
+sister for her dowrie, as in the processe afore I haue alreadie
+declared. [Sidenote: _W. Paruus._ _Matth. West._ The kings wisdome in
+making his answere.] King Richard notwithstanding these vaine and other
+friuolous obiections laid to his charge, made his answears alwaies so
+pithilie and directlie to all that could be laid against him, and
+excused himselfe in euerie point so not onelie greatlie commended him
+for the same, but from thencefoorth vsed him more courteouslie, and
+suffered that his fréends might haue accesse to him more fréelie than
+before they could be permitted.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] The pope also being aduertised of the taking of
+king Richard, was much offended, that anie Christian prince, hauing
+taken vpon him the defense of the Christian faith against the infidels,
+should be so vsed in his returne from so godlie an enterprise: and
+therefore sent both to the duke of Austrich, and to the emperour,
+requiring them to set him at libertie. But the emperour declared
+plainlie that he would be answered for such summes of monie as king
+Richard had taken out of Sicile before he would release him or set him
+at libertie.
+
+[Sidenote: The bishop of Salisburie sent into England.] When king
+Richard perceiued that no excuses would serue, though neuer so iust, but
+that he must néeds paie to his couetous host some great summe of monie
+for his hard interteinment, he sent the bishop of Salisburie into
+England, to take order with the barons of the realme to prouide for the
+paiment of his ransome, which bishop (as yée haue heard) after the peace
+concluded with Saladine, went vnto Jerusalem to visit the holie
+sepulchre, and now comming into Sicile, as he returned homewards, had
+knowledge there how king Richard was taken prisoner in Austrich, and
+remained in the emperours hands: wherevpon he turned that waie foorth,
+and comming to him, was now sent into England with commission (as I haue
+said) to leauie monie for the kings ransome. He landed here the twentith
+day of Aprill, [Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] by whose comming the land was the
+sooner brought in quiet: for the agréement which earle John tooke (as
+before yée haue heard) was cheefelie procured by his meanes. For till
+his comming, the castell of Windsore was not woone, the siege being but
+slackelie followed by the archbishop of Rouen, who had diuerse of his
+fréends within it, and therefore was not verie earnest against them.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ The bishop of Elie commeth to the king.] When
+the bishop of Salisburie was departed towards England, the bishop of
+Elie came to the king and trauelled so earnestlie betwixt the emperour
+and him, that finallie the emperour (partlie through his suit, & partlie
+for that he had beene verie much called vpon by the pope and other for
+his deliuerie) tooke order with him for the redéeming of his libertie,
+[Sidenote: The emperor agréeth with king Richard for his ransome. _N.
+Triuet._ _Matth. Paris._] and appointed what summe he should pay for his
+ransome, which (as some write) was two hundred thousand markes: other
+saie that it was but 140 thousand marks of the poise of Cullen weight.
+But William Paruus, who liued in those daies, affirmeth it was one
+hundred thousand pounds, and Roger Houeden saith an hundred thousand
+marks of Cullen poise, to be paid presentlie at the kings first comming
+into England, and fiftie thousand marks afterwards, that is to say,
+thirtie thousand to the emperour, and twentie thousand to the duke of
+Austrich, as it were in recompense of the iniurie done to him in the
+holie land; where king Richard ouerthrew his ensignes: and for the same
+to deliuer sufficient suerties.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ Lands assigned to king Richard.] Moreouer, we
+find in Roger Houeden that the emperour amongst other the articles of
+this agréement thus concluded betwixt him and king Richard, gaue and
+granted, and by his letters patents confirmed vnto him these lands
+hereafter mentioned, that is to saie: Prouance with the citie of Vienne,
+and Viennois, the citie of Marseils, Narbon, Arles and Lion vpon the
+Rhone, with the countrie vp to the Alps, and all those possessions which
+belonged to the empire in Burgoine, with the homages of the king of
+Aragon and of the earle of S. Giles: wherein is to be noted, that with
+the precinct of the premisses thus granted to king Richard, fiue
+archbishops sées, and thirtie three bishops sées are included. Howbeit
+the truth is, that the emperour neuer had possession of these countries,
+cities, and towns himselfe, neither would the inhabitants receiue any
+person so by him appointed to their lord and gouernour, wherefore the
+king made small account of that his so large grant. But after he once
+vnderstood the certeintie of the summe that he should paie for his
+ransome (which businesse he most attended) he sent one with letters by
+and by and in great hast into England to his treasurers, requiring them
+with all conuenient spéed to prouide monie, [Sidenote: _Polydor._] and
+to send it to him by a day, that he might be set at libertie with spéed.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ Order taken for leuieng monie to paie the kings
+ransome.] These letters being come to the quéene mother, and other that
+had charge in gouernance of the realme, tooke order that all maner of
+persons as well spirituall as temporall, should giue the fourth part of
+their whole reuenues to them for that yeare accrewing, and as much more
+of their mooueable goods, and that of euerie knights fée there should be
+leuied the sum of twentie shillings. Also that the religious houses of
+the orders of the Cisteaux and Sempringham should giue all their wools
+for that yeare towards the kings ransome.
+
+[Sidenote: The hard dealing of officers in the collection.] Now those
+that had commission to leuie this monie, being poisoned with
+couetousnesse, and incensed with a gréedie desire (than the which as the
+poet saith,
+    ---- nulla est hac maior Erinnys,
+    Hanc memorant Acheronte satam, per tristia Ditis
+    Regna truces agitare faces, &c.)
+vsed much streightnesse in exacting it, not onelie leuieng it to the
+vttermost value and extent of mens lands, goods, and possessions, but
+after their owne willes and pleasures: so that vnder colour of the kings
+commission, and letters to them directed, there séemed not a tribute or
+subsidie to be raised, but by some publike proclamation all the goods
+and substance of the people to be appointed as a prey to the kings
+officers, whereby it came to passe, that not onelie priuate mens goods,
+[Sidenote: Church iewels.] but also the chalices, iewels, and vessels
+belonging to the church were turned into monie, and a farre greater
+summe made than was at the first commanded, a great part of the ouerplus
+being conuerted to the vse of those, through whose hands the receipt
+passed. There was no priuilege nor freedome allowed to exempt any person
+or place for being contributorie towards the paiment of this monie. The
+order of Cisteaux that were neuer charged with any paiment before, were
+now assessed more déepelie than the rest.
+
+[Sidenote: The bishop of Norwich.] The bishop of Norwich lamenting the
+iniurious dealings of the pettie officers, and pittieng the people of
+the church, collected halfe the value of all the chalices within his
+diocesse himselfe, and to make vp the other halfe of the whole summe, he
+spared not to giue a great portion of his owne treasure. [Sidenote: The
+abbat of saint Albons.] The abbat of S. Albons acquitted all those
+churches within the compasse of his iurisdiction, by the gift of an
+hundred marks. [Sidenote: The bishop of Chester.] But the bishop of
+Chester had verie ill lucke with his collections; for hauing gathered a
+great summe of monie to the kings vse, he was spoiled thereof in one
+night, as he lodged neere vnto Canturburie, being vpon his iournie
+towards the king. [Sidenote: Matthew de Cléere.] And bicause Matthew de
+Cléere that laie in the castell of Douer was knowne to aid those that
+robbed the said bishop, the archbishop of Canturburie pronounced him
+accurssed.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ The bishop of Elie.] About this time, and on the
+morrow after the natiuitie of saint John Baptist, the bishop of Elie
+lord chancellour arriued in England, not shewing himselfe in any
+statelie port (for he tooke vpon him neither the dignitie of chancellour
+nor legat, nor yet of iustice) but onelie as a simple bishop and
+messenger sent from the king. The quéene mother, the archbishop of
+Rouen, and such other as had gouernment of the land, hearing of his
+comming, met him at saint Albons, where he shewed to them the emperours
+letters, conteining the agreement made betwixt him and king Richard, and
+withall appointed certeine lords & barons to go with him at his returne
+backe to the king, as Gilbert bishop of Rochester, Sifrid bishop of
+Chichester, Bennet abbat of Peterborow, Richard earle of Clare, Roger
+Bigot earle of Norfolke, Geffrey de Saie, and diuerse other. It was also
+ordeined at this same time, that the monie gathered towards the paiment
+of the kings ransome should remaine in custodie of Hubert bishop of
+Salisburie, Richard bishop of London, William earle of Arundell,
+Hameline earle of Warren, and of the Maior of London, vnder the seales
+of the quéene mother, and of the archbishop of Rouen.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 5.] ¶ But sée the hap of things, whilest ech one was
+thus occupied about the aforesaid monie; [Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] it
+chanced that king Richard was at the point to haue béene deliuered into
+the hands of his deadlie aduersarie the French king, as hereafter you
+shall heare, noting by the waie the dangerous estate of princes, the
+manifold distresses whereinto by sinister fate (as well as the inferior
+& rascall rout of common drudges) they be driuen. For what greater
+calamitie, what gréeuouser hartach, what more miserable casualtie could
+haue happened vnto a bondman, than to be deliuered to and fro from the
+hand of one enimie to another, to be bought and sold for monie, to stand
+to the courtesies of forren foes, of a king to become a captiue?
+whervnto the poet did right well allude, when he said,
+    [Sidenote: _Hor. lib. car. 1. ode 10._]
+    Sæpius ventis agitatur ingens
+    Pinus, & celsæ grauiore casu
+    Decidunt turres, feriúntq; summos
+      Fulmina montes.
+
+The emperour vpon displeasure conceiued against the bishop of Liege,
+which latelie had atteined to that benefice contrarie to the emperours
+pleasure, who wished the same rather to an other person, [Sidenote: The
+bishop of Liege murthered.] hired certeine naughtie fellowes to go into
+France, where the bishop remained for feare of the emperours malice, and
+there to find meanes traitorouslie to slea him, which they accordinglie
+did, by reason whereof the duke of Louaigne that was brother to the
+bishop, and other of his kinsmen, vpon knowledge had thereof, meant to
+haue made the emperour warre, in reuenge of that murther: insomuch that
+the emperour, to haue the French kings aid against them, was minded to
+haue deliuered K. Richard vnto him.
+
+Howbeit after that the matter was taken vp, and a concord made betwixt
+the emperour and his nobles, he changed his purpose also touching the
+deliuering ouer of king Richard, who perceiuing that till his ransome
+were paid (which would amount to the summe of an hundred & fiftie
+thousand marks) he should not get libertie: and putting great confidence
+in the dexteritie and diligence of Hubert bishop of Salisburie (whome he
+sent as ye haue heard into England to deale for the leuieng of the same)
+he thought good to aduance the same bishop to the metropolitane sée of
+Canturburie, which had beene vacant euer sithence the decease of
+archbishop Baldwine, that died (as ye haue heard) in the holie land.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] Herevpon writing to the bishops of the
+realme, and to the moonks of Canturburie, he required them to procéed to
+the election of an archbishop for that see, and withall commended vnto
+them the foresaid Hubert, as a man most sufficient and méet for that
+roome. [Sidenote: Hubert bishop of Salisburie elected archbishop of
+Cāturburie.] He wrote likewise to the queene to further that matter, and
+easilie hereby obteined his desire. For shortlie after, the same Hubert
+was elected by the bishops and moonks, which assembled togither for that
+purpose. He was the 41 archbishop that gouerned that see: for although
+Reginold bishop of Bath was elected before him, yet bicause he died yer
+he was installed, he is not put in the number.
+
+The king being now put in good hope of his spéedie deliuerance, sent
+into England, willing his mother quéene Elianor, the archbishop of Rouen
+and others, to come ouer vnto him into Almaine, [Sidenote: Hubert
+archbishop of Cāturburie, lord chéefe iustice.] and in the meane time he
+ordeined Hubert the archbishop of Canturburie to remaine at home as lord
+cheefe iustice. After this, the emperour with the aduice of the princes
+of the empire, assigned a day to king Richard, in which he should be
+deliuered out of captiuitie, which was the mondaie next after the
+twentith day of Christmasse. Wherevpon king Richard wrote vnto Hubert
+archbishop of Canturburie in forme as followeth.
+
+     The tenour of king Richards letters to the said archbishop.
+
+     Richardus Dei gratia rex Angliæ, & dux Normaniæ & Aquitaniæ, &
+     comes Andigauiæ, venerabili patri nostro in Christo, & amico
+     charissimo Huberto eadem gratia Cantuariensi archiepiscopo
+     salutem & sinceræ dilectionis plenitudinem. Quoniam certiores
+     sumus, quòd liberationem nostram plurimùm desideratis, & quòd
+     liberatio nostra admodum vos lætificat, scripto volumus quòd
+     lætitiae nostræ participes sitis. Inde est quòd dilectioni vestræ
+     dignum duximus significare, dominum imperatorem certum diem
+     liberationis nostræ nobis praefixisse, in die lunæ proxima post
+     vicessimum diem natiuitatis Domini, & die dominica proxima
+     sequenti coronabimur de regno prouinciæ, quod nobis dedit. Vnde
+     mittimus in Angliam literas domini imperatoris super hijs
+     patentes, vobis & cæteris amicis nostris beneuolis. Vos autem
+     interim pro omni posse vestro quos scitis nos diligere, consolari
+     velitis, & quos scitis promotionem nostram desiderare. Teste
+     meipso apud Spiram 22. die Septembris.
+
+The emperour also signified by his letters to the lords of England his
+resolute determination in this matter, as followeth.
+
+     The tenour of the emperours letters to the States of England
+     touching king Richard, and the day of his deliuerance, &c.
+
+     Henricus Dei gratia Romanorum imperator, & semper Augustus,
+     dilectis suis archiep. episcopis, comitibus, baronibus,
+     militibus, & vniuersis alijs fidelibus Richardi illustris regis
+     Anglorum gratiam suam & omne bonum. Vniuersitati vestræ duximus
+     intimandum, quòd dilecto amico nostro Richardo illustri regi
+     Anglorum domino vestro certum diem liberationis suæ statuimus, Ã
+     secunda feria post diem natiuitatis domini in tres septimanas
+     apud Spiram siue apud Berenatiam, & inde in septem dies posuimus
+     ei diem coronationis suæ de regno Prouinciæ, quod ei promisimus:
+     & hoc certum habeatis, & indubitatum, nostri siquidem propositi
+     est, & voluntatis, præfatum dominum vestrum specialem promouere
+     sicut amicum nostrum, & magnificentiùs honorare. Datum apud
+     Theallusam vigilia beati Thomæ Apostoli.
+
+Before this king Richard had sent the bishop of Elie into France vnto
+his brother earle John, who preuailed so much with him, that he returned
+into Normandie, and there sware fealtie vnto his brother king Richard,
+and so was contented to forsake the French king. But whereas king
+Richard commanded that all such castels and honours as he had giuen to
+him afore time, should now be restored to him againe, as well those in
+England, as the other on the further side the sea: such as had the same
+castels in kéeping would not obeie the kings commandement herein,
+[Sidenote: The kings commandement not obeied.] refusing to make
+restitution of those places, according to the tenour & purport of the
+kings writ, vnto the said earle of Mortaigne, by reason of which
+refusall, he returned againe to the French king, and stucke to him.
+Herevpon the French king gaue vnto him the castels of Dreincourt, and
+Arques, the which ought to haue béene deliuered vnto the archbishop of
+Reimes as in pledge, who had trauelled as a meane betwixt the French
+king to whom he was vncle, and the king of England to whom he was
+cousine, procuring a meeting for agreement to be had betwixt them at a
+certeine place betwixt Vaucolur and Tulle in the borders of Lorraine.
+But notwithstanding all that he could doo, matters were so farre out of
+frame, and such mistrust was entred into the minds of the parties, that
+no conclusion held. So that all the hope which king Richard had, was by
+paiment of his ransome to redéeme his libertie, and then to shift with
+things as he might. [Sidenote: 1194.] And so finallie when the monie was
+once readie, or rather a sufficient portion thereof, the same was
+conueied ouer into Germanie, and paiment made to the emperour of the
+more part of the kings ransome, and sufficient pledges left with him for
+the rest, as the archbishop of Rouen, the bishop of Bath [Baldwin Wac]
+and other which were of late come out of England to see and salute the
+king.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ King Richard released out of captiuitie.]
+Herevpon king Richard, after he had beene prisoner one yeare, six
+weekes, and thrée daies, was set at libertie on Candlemasse day (as most
+writers agrée) and then with long and hastie iournies, not kéeping the
+high waies, he hasted foorth towards England. It is reported that if he
+had lingred by the way, he had béene eftsoones apprehended. For the
+emperour being incensed against him by ambassadors that came from the
+French king, immediatlie after he was set forward, began to repent
+himselfe in that he had suffered him so soon to depart from him, and
+herevpon sent men after him with all speed to bring him backe if they
+could by any meanes ouertake him, meaning as then to haue kept him in
+perpetuall prison.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ The offers of the French K. and erle John to haue
+the K. of England kept still in prison.] Some write that those
+ambassadours sent from the French king, with other from earle John, came
+to the emperor before king Richard was deliuered, offering in the French
+kings name fiftie thousand marks of siluer, and in the name of earle
+John thirtie thousand, vpon condition that K. Richard might remaine
+still in captiuitie vntill the feast of S. Michaell next insuing; or
+else if it might so please him, he should receiue a thousand pounds of
+siluer for euerie moneth, whilest king Richard should be deteined in his
+prison, or otherwise fiftie thousand marks of siluer more than the first
+offer, at one entire paiment, if he would deliuer him into their hands,
+or at the leastwise to kéepe him prisoner by the terme of one whole
+yeare.
+
+The emperour hearing of such large offers, and yet hoping for more,
+contrarie to his promise and letters patents therefore granted, proroged
+the day in which king Richard should haue béene set at libertie, till
+Candlemasse after, at which daie he was brought from Haguenaw vnto
+Spiers, where the emperour had called a councell to intreat further of
+the matter touching his redemption. Here the emperour shewed the letters
+which he had receiued from the French king and earle John vnto king
+Richard, who vpon sight and perusing of the same, was maruellouslie
+amazed, and began to despaire of all speedie deliuerance.
+
+Indéed the emperour sought delaies vpon a couetous desire of the monie
+offered by the French king and earle John, [Sidenote: The princes that
+had vndertaken for the emperor to performe the couenants.] but yet such
+princes and great lords as had vndertaken for the emperour, that the
+couenants and articles on his part agréed vpon in the accord passed
+betwixt him and king Richard, should be in ech behalfe performed [that
+is to saie, the archbishops of Ments, Cullen, and Saltzburge, the
+bishops of Wormes, Spiers, and Liege, the dukes of Suaben, Austrich, &
+Louain, the Palsgraue of the Rhine, and others] came to the emperour,
+and reproouing him for his couetous mind, in that he deferred the
+restoring of king Richard to his libertie, contrarie to the composition,
+did so much preuaile, that the emperour receiuing pledges for the
+paiment of the monie yet behind (as before ye haue heard) released king
+Richard out of captiuitie on the second or (as Roger Houeden saith) the
+fourth day of Februarie, being a dismall day and an infortunate (as they
+note them in kalendars.) [Sidenote: Robert de Nouant.] And where the
+king would haue left Robert de Nouant the bishop of Couentries brother
+for a pledge amongst the other, he refused to be one of the number,
+alledging that he was seruant to earle John. King Richard greeuouslie
+offended herewith, commanded that he should be apprehended, and
+committed to prison, & so he was. This Robert was one of those that came
+with the letters from the French king and earle John to the emperour,
+about the staieng of king Richards deliuerance.
+
+Furthermore, king Richard the same day in which he was restored to
+libertie, summoned by his letters Hugh Nouant bishop of Couentrie, to
+appeare in his court, to answer such things as were to be obiected
+against him, both before spirituall iudges in that he was a bishop, and
+also before temporall in that he had holden and exercised a temporall
+office. On the verie same day also the emperour and the princes of the
+empire, sent letters vnder their hands and seales to the French king,
+and to John erle of Mortaigne, commanding them immediatlie vpon sight of
+the same letters, to restore vnto king Richard all those castels,
+cities, townes, lands, and other things, which they had taken from him
+during the time of his remaining in captiuitie, and if they refused thus
+to doo, then they gaue them to vnderstand by the same letters, that they
+would aid king Richard to recouer that by force, which had beene
+wrongfullie taken from him.
+
+Moreouer king Richard gaue and by his deed confirmed vnto sundrie
+princes of the empire for their homage and fealtie, [Sidenote: Yéerelie
+pensions giuen by the king to certeine princes of the empire.] certeine
+yearelie pensions, as to the archbishop of Ments and Cullen, to the
+bishop of Liege, to the dukes of Austrich and Louaine, to the marquesse
+of Mountferrat, [Sidenote: Memburge.] to the duke of Meglenburge, to the
+duke of Suaben the emperors brother, to the earle of Bins, to the earle
+of Holland, and to the sonne of the earle of Henault, of all the which,
+and other mo, he receiued homage, or rather had their promise by oth to
+aid him against the French king, which French king, now that he sawe no
+hope nor likelihood remaining to bring the emperour to the bent of his
+bowe for the deteining of K. Richard still in captiuitie, raised a power
+foorthwith, [Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._ The French king inuadeth
+Normandie.] & entring into Normandie (the truce notwithstanding) tooke
+the towne of Eureux, with diuerse other fortresses thereabouts, and
+after he had doone mischéefe inough, as it were wearied with[10] euill
+dooing, he granted eftsoones to stand to the truce, and so returned
+home.
+
+Finallie after king Richard had dispatched his businesse with the
+emperour, and the princes of Almaigne, he set forward on his iournie
+towards England, and hauing the emperours passeport, came to Cullen,
+where he was ioifullie receiued of the archbishop, the which archbishop
+attended on him till he came to Antwerpe, where king Richard tooke the
+water in a gallie that belonged to Alane de Trenchmere, but in the night
+he went into a ship of Rie, being a verie faire vessell, and so laie
+aboord in hir all the night, [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] and in the
+morning returned to the gallie, and so sailed about the coast, till he
+came to the hauen of Swin in Flanders, and there staieng fiue daies, on
+the six day he set foorth againe, [Sidenote: He landed the 20. of March
+being sundaie as _R. Houeden_[11] and _Rafe de Diceto_ write.] and at
+length in good safetie landed at Sandwich the twelfe daie of March, and
+the morrow after came to Canturburie where he was receiued with
+procession, as Ger. Dor. saith. From thence he went to Rochester, and on
+the Wednesday being the sixteenth of March, he came vnto London, where
+he was receiued with great ioy and gladnesse of the people, giuing
+heartie thanks to almightie GOD for his safe returne and deliuerance.
+
+¶ It is recorded by writers, that when such lords of Almaine as came
+ouer with him, saw the great riches which the Londoners shewed in that
+triumphant receiuing of their souereigne lord and king, they maruelled
+greatlie thereat, insomuch that one of them said vnto him; "Surelie oh
+king, your people are wise and subtile, which do nothing doubt to shew
+the beautifull shine of their riches now that they haue receiued you
+home, whereas before they seemed to bewaile their need and pouertie,
+whilest you remained in captiuitie. For verelie if the emperour had
+vnderstood that the riches of the realme had bin such, neither would he
+haue beene persuaded that England could haue béene made bare of wealth,
+neither yet should you so lightlie haue escaped his hands without the
+paiment of a more huge and intollerable ransome."
+
+The same yeare that king Richard was taken (as before is mentioned) by
+the duke of Austrich, one night in the moneth of Januarie about the
+first watch of the same night, the northwest side of the element
+appeared of such a ruddie colour as though it had burned, without any
+clouds or other darknesse to couer it, so that the stars shined through
+that rednesse, and might be verie well discerned. Diuerse bright strakes
+appeared to flash vpwards now and then, diuiding the rednesse, thorough
+the which the stars séemed to be of a bright sanguine colour. In
+Februarie next insuing, one night after midnight the like woonder was
+séene, and shortlie after newes came that the king was taken in
+Almaigne.
+
+On the second daie of Nouember also a little before the breake of the
+daie, the like thing appeared againe with lesse feare and woonder to the
+people (than before) being now better accustomed to the like sight
+againe. And now the same daie and selfe houre that the king arriued at
+Sandwich, being the second houre of that daie, whilest the sunne shone
+verie bright and cleare, there appeared a most brightsome and
+vnaccustomed clearnesse, not farre distant from the sunne, as it were to
+the length and breadth of a mans personage, hauing a red shining
+brightnesse withall, like to the rainbow, which strange sight when manie
+beheld, there were that prognosticated the king alreadie to be arriued.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ Diuerse sieges held at one time.] In this meane
+while the bishop of Durham with a great armie besieged the castell of
+Tickhill; and earle Dauid brother to the king of Scots, with Ranulfe
+earle of Chester, and earle Ferrers, besieged the castell of Notingham,
+whilest at the same present the archbishop of Canturburie with a great
+power besieged Marleburgh castell, the which within a few daies was
+rendred into his hands, the liues and lims of them within saued. Also
+the castell of Lancaster was deliuered to him, the which the same
+archbishops brother had in kéeping vnder earle John, [Sidenote: S.
+Michaels mount.] and likewise the abbeie of S. Michaels mount in
+Cornwall, the which abbeie Henrie de la Pomerey chasing out the moonks,
+had fortified against the king, and hearing newes of the kings returne
+home, died (as it was thought) for méere gréefe and feare. These three
+places were surrendered to the archbishop before the kings returne, but
+Tickhill & Notingham held out.
+
+King Richard being returned into England, and vnderstanding both how the
+French king made warre against him in Normandie, and that the state of
+England was not a little disquieted, by the practise of his brother
+earle John and his complices, speciallie by reason that diuerse castels
+were defended by such as he had placed in them, he thought good with all
+speed to cut off such occasions as might bréed a[12] further mischéefe.
+[Sidenote: The king goeth to Notingham and winneth the castel. _Rog.
+Houed._] Wherevpon he first went to Notingham, and within thrée daies
+after his comming thither (which was on the daie of the Annunciation of
+our ladie) he constreined them that kept the castell there in his
+brothers name, to yeeld themselues simplie vnto his mercie, after they
+had abidden diuerse assaults, by the which euen the first daie the vtter
+gates were burnt, and certeine defenses destroied, which they had made
+before the same.
+
+The cheefe of them that were within this castell to defend it were
+these, William de Vendeuall conestable there, Roger de Mountbegun, Rafe
+Murdach, Philip de Worceter and Ranulfe de Worceter, brethren. The morow
+after the surrender was made, the king went to Clipstone, [Sidenote: The
+forest of Shirewood.] and rode into the forrest of Shirewood, where he
+had neuer béene before, the view whereof pleased him greatlie. The
+castell of Tickhill was likewise at the same time yéelded vnto the
+bishop of Durham, who receiued it to the kings vse, and them that kept
+it as prisoners, without anie composition, but standing simplie to the
+K. mercie. For although those that had these castels in keeping, were
+sufficientlie prouided of all necessarie things for defense, yet the
+sudden comming of the king (whom they thought verelie would neuer haue
+returned) put them in such feare, that they wist not what to make of the
+matter, and so (as men amazed) they yéelded without anie further
+exception. [Sidenote: The castel of Tickhill yéelded. _Rog. Houed._] The
+bishop of Durham bringing those prisoners with him which had yéelded vp
+this castell of Tickhill, came to the king the 27 daie of March, the
+verie daie before that Notingham castell was giuen ouer.
+
+[Sidenote: Strife betwixt y^e archbishops for carieng of their crosses.]
+Moreouer, this is to be remembred, that during the siege of Notingham,
+contention arose betwixt the two archbishops of Canturburie and Yorke,
+about the carriage of their crosses. For Hubert archbishop of
+Canturburie comming thither, had his crosse borne before him; the
+archbishop of Yorke (hauing no crosse there at all) was verie sore
+offended, that anie other should go with crosse borne before him in his
+diocesse, and therfore complained hereof to the king. But the
+archbishop of Canturburie mainteined that he had not doone anie thing
+but that which was lawfull for him to doo, and therevpon made his
+appeale to Rome, that the pope might haue the hearing and iudging of
+that controuersie betwixt them.
+
+In the meane time, after the king had got the castells of Notingham and
+Tickhill into his hands (as ye haue heard) he called a parlement at
+Notingham, where the quéene mother sat on the right hand of him, and the
+archbishops of Canturburie & Yorke on the left, with other bishops,
+earles and barons according to their places. [Sidenote: Officers
+discharged.] On the first daie of their session was Gerard de Camuille
+discharged of the office which he had borne of shiriffe of Lincolne, and
+dispossessed both of the castell & countie. And so likewise was Hugh
+Bardolfe of the castell and countie of Yorke, and of the castell of
+Scarbourgh, and of the custodie and kéeping of the countrie of
+Westmerland, the which offices being now in the kings hands, [Sidenote:
+Lieutenantships set on sale.] he set them on sale to him that would giue
+most. Hereof it came to passe, that where the lord chancellour offered
+to giue fiftéene hundred markes before hand, for the counties of Yorke,
+Lincolne and Northampton, and an hundred markes of increase of rent for
+euerie of the same counties, [Sidenote: The archbishop of Yorks offer.]
+Geffrey archbishop of Yorke offered to the king thrée thousand markes
+aforehand, onelie for the countie of Yorke, and an hundred markes
+yearelie of increase, and so had the same committed to his regiment.
+
+[Sidenote: The bishop of Chester.] Moreouer in this parlement, the king
+demanded iudgement against his brother John, and Hugh Nouant the bishop
+of Couentrie and Chester, for such traitorous and most disloiall
+attempts as they had made against him and his countries, and iudgement
+was giuen that both the said earle and bishop should haue summons giuen
+them peremptorilie to appeare, and if within fortie daies after, they
+came not to answer such plaints as might be laid against them, then
+should earle John forfeit all that he had within the realme, and the
+bishop should stand to the iudgement of the bishops, in that he was a
+bishop, and to the temporall lords in that he had béene the kings
+shiriffe.
+
+[Sidenote: A subsidie.] In this parlement also, in the kalends of
+Aprill, the king procured a subsidie to be granted to him, to wit, two
+shillings of euerie plough land through England, which maner of subsidie
+by an old name is called Teemen toll, or Theyme toll. He also commanded
+that euerie man should make for him the third part of knights seruice,
+accordinglie as euerie fée might beare, to furnish him foorth into
+Normandie. He demanded of the moonks Cisteaux, all their wooles for the
+same yeare. But bicause that seemed an ouer greeuous burthen vnto them,
+they fined with him, as after shall appeare. The fourth day of this
+parlement, by the kings permission manie greeuous complaints were
+exhibited against the archbishop of Yorke, [Sidenote: The archbishop of
+Yorke accused.] for extortion and other vniust vexations, which he had
+practised: but he passed so little thereof, that he made no answer vnto
+their billes.
+
+[Sidenote: Gerard de Camuille charged with felonie and treason.]
+Moreouer through the procurement of the lord chancellour, Gerard de
+Camuille was arreigned for receiuing théeues, and robbers, which had
+robbed certeine merchants of their goods, that were going to the faire
+of Stamfort; also they appealed him of treason for refusing to stand to
+his triall by order of the kings lawes at commandement of the kings
+iustices, bearing himselfe to be earle Johns man, and aiding the same
+earle against the king. But all these accusations he flatlie denied, and
+so his aduersaries put in pledges to follow their suit, and he put in
+the like to defend himselfe by one of his fréeholders.
+
+[Sidenote: The king of Scots commeth to sée the king of England.] The
+same daie king Richard receiued the king of Scots at Clipstone, comming
+now to visit him, and to reioise with him for his safe returne home
+after so long a iournie, and so manie passed perils. After they had
+spent the time a certeine space in ioy and mirth, the fourth of Aprill
+at their being togither at Malton, the king of Scots required of king
+Richard to haue restored to him the counties of Northumberland,
+Cumberland and Westmerland, with the countie of Lancaster also, the
+which in right of his predecessors belonged to him (as he alledged.)
+
+[Sidenote: A parlement.] King Richard assembling a parlement of the
+Nobles of his realme at Northampton, about sixtéene daies after that the
+Scotish king had made this request, gaue him answer that by no means he
+might as then satisfie his petition: for if he should so doo, his
+aduersaries in France would report that he did it for feare, and not for
+any loue or hartie fréendship. [Sidenote: A grant made to the king of
+Scots what allowance he should haue when he came to England.] But yet
+king Richard in the presence of his mother quéene Elianor, and the lords
+spirituall and temporall of his realme togither at that present
+assembled, granted and by his déed confirmed vnto the said king of
+Scots, and to his heires for euer, that whensoeuer he or any of them
+should come by summons of the king of England vnto his court, the bishop
+of Durham, and the shiriffe of Northumberland should receiue him at the
+water of Twéed, and safe conduct him vnto the water of These, and there
+should the archbishop of Yorke, and the shiriffe of Yorke be readie to
+receiue him of them, and from thence giue their attendance vpon him vnto
+the borders of the next shire.
+
+It was also granted to the said king, that he should be attended from
+shire to shire by prelats and shiriffes, till he came to the kings
+court, also from the time that the king of Scotland should enter this
+realme of England, he should haue dailie out of the kings pursse for his
+liuerie an hundred shillings, and after he came to the court, he should
+haue an allowance dailie for his liuerie, so long as he there remained,
+thirtie shillings and twelue manchet wastels, twelue manchet simnels,
+foure gallons of the best wine, and eight gallons of houshold wine, two
+pound of pepper, foure pound of cumin, two stone of wax, or else foure
+links, and fortie great and long colpons of such candels as are serued
+before the king, and foure and twentie colpons of other candels that
+serue for the houshold. And when he should returne into his countrie
+againe, then should he be conueied with the bishops and shiriffes from
+countie to countie, till he come to the water of Twéed, hauing an
+hundred shillings a day of liuerie, &c: as is before appointed. The
+charter of this grant was deliuered vnto William king of Scots in the
+towne of Northampton, in Easter wéeke, by the hands of William bishop of
+Elie lord chancellour, in the yeare of our lord 1194, and in the fift
+yeare of king Richard his reigne.
+
+[Sidenote: A councell holden at Winchester.] After this, on the fiftéenth
+day of Aprill, king Richard hauing the said king of Scots in his
+companie came to Winchester, where he called a councell, and there in
+open assemblie he highlie commended all those of the Nobilitie, that in
+his absence had shewed themselues faithfull, and resisted his brother,
+and such other his complices, which had as disloiall persons rebelled
+against him. Here he also proclaimed his said brother, and all those
+that tooke his part, traitours to the crowne, and tooke order for the
+punishment of them, that (being of their faction) could by any means be
+apprehended.
+
+Furthermore, to put awaie as it were the reproofe of his captiuitie and
+imprisonment (by the reuiuing of his noblenesse, which he had in high
+estimation.
+    ---- pretio nam dignior omni est
+    Nobilitas, hæc non emitur nec venditur auro)
+[Sidenote: The king crowned anew.] he caused himselfe to be eftsoones
+crowned by the archbishop Hubert, on the 18 of Aprill, at Winchester,
+and so shewed himselfe as a new crowned king (in hope of good successe
+and better lucke to follow) in the presence of the said king of Scots,
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ The king of Scots beareth one of the swords
+before the king of England.] who bare one of the thrée swords before
+him, going in the middle betwixt two earles, that is to saie, Hamelin
+earle of Warren going on his right hand, and Ranulfe earle of Chester on
+his left. The canapie vnder the which he went was borne vp also by foure
+earles, Norffolke, Lislewight, Salisburie, and Ferrers. The bishop of
+Elie lord chancellour went on the right hand of the king, and the bishop
+of London on the left. [Sidenote: The citizens of London.] At dinner
+also the citizens of London serued him in the butterie by reason of two
+hundred marks which they had giuen the king that they might so doo,
+notwithstanding the claime and challenge made by the citizens of
+Winchester, the which serued him in the kitchin.
+
+The archbishop of Yorke was commanded that he should not be present at
+the coronation, least some tumult might arise about the hauing of his
+crosse borne afore him, to the displeasure of the archbishop of
+Canturburie, who stood in it, that no prelat within his prouince ought
+to haue any crosse borne before him, himselfe excepted.
+
+[Sidenote: A parlement called.] After this, he called a parlement, by
+vertue whereof he reuoked backe and resumed into his hands all patents,
+annuities, fées, and other grants (before his voiage into the holie
+land) by him made, or otherwise granted or alienated. And bicause it
+shuld not seeme that he vsed a méere violent extortion herein, he
+treated with euerie one of them in most courteous wise, bearing them in
+hand, that he knew well they ment not to let foorth their monie to him
+vpon vsurie, but would be contented with such reasonable gaine and
+profit, as had béene raised to their vse in time of his absence of those
+things which they held of him by assignation in way of lone, so that now
+the same might be restored to him againe, sith he ment not to sell them,
+but to let them foorth as it were to farme for the time, as all men
+might well vnderstand, considering that he could not mainteine the port
+of a king without receipt of those profits which he had so let foorth.
+With these gentle words therefore mixed with some dreadfull allegations,
+he brought them all into such perplexitie, [Sidenote: The bold courage
+of the bishop of Lincolne.] that not one of them durst withstand his
+request, nor alledge that he had wrong doone to him, except Hugh the
+bishop of Lincolne, who sticked not to saie, that the king in this
+demand did them and the rest open iniurie. [Sidenote: The bishop of
+Durham lost his earledome.] The bishop of Durham lost his earledome, and
+was constreined to content himselfe with his old bishoprike, and to
+leaue the dignitie of an earle, or at the leastwise the possessions
+which he had bought of the king before his setting forward into the
+holie land.
+
+Thus the king recouered those things for the which he had receiued great
+summes of monie, without making any recompense, where the most part of
+the occupiers had not receiued scarselie a third part of the principall
+which they had laid foorth. For no sufficiencie of grant, patent, or
+other writing to any of them before made, did any thing auaile them.
+[Sidenote: K. Richards practises. The moonks Cisteaux.] Moreouer, where
+he had borrowed a great summe of monie of the merchants of the staple,
+he wrought a feat with the moonks of the Cisteaux order to discharge
+that debt. He told these moonks that being constreined with vrgent
+necessitie, he had borowed that monie of the merchants beyond the sea,
+vpon confidence of their good beneuolence, and therefore he required
+them to extend their liberallitie so farre toward him, as to deliuer so
+much wooll in value, as should discharge that debt. To be short, the
+moonks being ouercome with the kings words, threatning kindnesse vpon
+them, fulfilled his request. Moreouer not satisfied herewith, he leuied
+a taske throughout the realme, exacting of euerie hide of land two
+shillings, according to the grant made to him at Notingham: and the same
+was generallie gathered, as well of the spirituall mens lands as of the
+temporall.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ The king of Scots maketh suit for
+Northumberland.] The king of Scots vnderstanding that the bishop of
+Durham had giuen ouer and resigned the earledome of Northumberland into
+the kings hands, thought good once againe to assaie if he might compasse
+his desire, and herewith he began his former suit afresh, offering to
+king Richard fiftéene thousand markes of siluer for the whole earledome
+of Northumberland with the appurtenances, as his father earle Henrie did
+hold the same before. The king taking counsell in the matter, agreed
+that he should haue it for that monie, excepting the castels: but the
+king of Scots would haue castels and all, or else he would not bargaine.
+
+Finallie, after he had sundrie times mooued this suit for the hauing of
+the lands vnto which he pretended a title, and could get nothing of king
+Richard but faire words, putting him as it were in hope to obteine that
+he required at his next returne out of France, vpon the 22 daie of
+Aprill being fridaie, he tooke leaue of the king, and returned towards
+his countrie, not verie ioifull, in that he could not obteine his suit.
+King Richard in this meane while caused all those prisoners that were
+taken in the castels of Notingham, Tickhill, Marleburgh, Lancaster[13],
+and S. Michaels mount, which were of any wealth to be put in prison,
+[Sidenote: Mainprise.] that they might fine for their ransoms. The
+residue he suffered to depart vpon suerties, that were bound for them
+in an hundredth marks a peece, to be forth comming when they should be
+called.
+
+Now the king (after he had gathered a great portion of monie, and
+ordeined diuerse things for the behoofe of the common-wealth, thereby to
+satisfie the harts of the people) prepared himselfe to saile into
+Normandie. [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] But first he reconciled the
+archbishop of Yorke, and the bishop of Elie lord chancellour, aswell for
+the apprehension & imprisoning of the archbishop at Douer, as for the
+dishonourable expulsion of the chancellour out of England, in such wise
+that the chancellour should vpon reasonable summons giuen to him by the
+archbishop, sware with the hands of an hundred préests with him, that he
+neither commanded nor willed that the archbishop should be apprehended.
+The controuersie betwixt the two archbishops about the bearing of their
+crosses, the king would not meddle withall, for (as he said) that
+perteined to the pope. Yet the archbishop of Canturburie complained to
+king Richard of the iniurie doone to him at that present by the
+archbishop of Yorke, presuming within his prouince to haue his crosse
+borne before him. At length when the kings prouision was once readie for
+his voiage into Normandie, he came to Douer, and hearing that the French
+king had besieged the towne of Vernueil, and that the same was in danger
+to be taken, he tooke the sea togither with his mother quéene Elianor on
+the ninth daie of Maie, [Sidenote: The king transporteth ouer into
+France.] and transporting ouer into Normandie, arriued at Harfléet with
+an hundred great ships fraught with men, horsses and armour.
+
+The French king hearing of king Richards arriuall, and that he was
+comming with a great power to the succour of them within Vernueil, and
+was alreadie incamped néere to the towne of the Eagle, [Sidenote: The
+French king raiseth his siege from Vernueil.] he plucked vp his tents in
+the night before Witsundaie, and leauing the siege, departed from
+thence, and tooke a certeine small fortresse by the waie as he marched,
+wherein he left a few souldiers to keepe it to his vse. King Richard
+herewith entring into the French dominions, sent three bands of
+souldiers towards Vale de Ruell, and went himselfe vnto Loches, and
+besieging that castell wan it within a short time. [Sidenote: _N.
+Triuet._] The Normans also recouered the citie of Eureux out of the
+French mens hands, but those that were sent vnto Ruell, and had besieged
+the castell there an eight daies without any gaine, hearing that the
+French king was comming towards them, departed thence, & came backe to
+the kings campe, wherevpon the French king comming to Ruell raced it to
+the ground, bicause his enimie should not at anie time in winning it
+nestle there to the further damage of the countrie.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] About the same time, Robert earle of Leicester
+issuing foorth of Rouen in hope to worke some feat to the damage of the
+Frenchmen, as he rode somewhat vnaduisedlie in the lands of Hugh
+Gourney, [Sidenote: The earle of Leicester taken prisoner.] fell within
+danger of his enimies, who tooke him prisoner, and a few other that were
+in his companie. The French king after this came with his armie into the
+coasts of Touraine; and marched neere Vandosme, and there incamped,
+whereof king Richard being aduertised, drew néere to Vandosme, meaning
+to assaile the French king in his campe, who hauing knowledge thereof
+dislodged with his armie earlie in the morning, and fled awaie (to his
+great dishonour) in all hast possible. The king of England with his
+people following in chase of the Frenchmen slue manie, and tooke a great
+number of prisoners, amongst whome was the French kings chéefe
+treasurer. Also the Englishmen tooke manie wagons and sumpters laden
+with crossebowes, armour, plate, apparell, and the furniture of the
+French kings chapell. This chanced about 37 daies after his fléeing in
+the night from Vernueil, of which two flights of the French king (in
+manner as ye haue heard) we find these verses written:
+
+    Gallia fugisti bis, & hoc sub rege Philippo,
+      Nec sunt sub modio facta pudenda tuo.
+    Vernolium sumit testem fuga prima, secunda
+      Vindocinum, noctem prima, secunda diem.
+    Nocte fugam primam rapuisti, manè secundam,
+      Prima nictus vitio, víq; secunda fuit.
+
+    France, twice thou fledst, while Philip reign'd,
+      the world dooth know thy shame,
+    For Vernueil witnesse beares of th' one,
+      next Vandosme knowes the same.
+    The first by night, the next by day,
+      thy heart and force doo showe,
+    That first through feare, and next by force,
+      was wrought thine ouerthrowe.
+
+[Sidenote: Geffrey de Rancon. The earle of Engolesme. The king of Nauars
+brother.] In this meane while certeine rebels in Guien, as the lord
+Geffrey de Rancin[14] or Rancon, and the earle of Engolesme with their
+complices, vpon confidence of the French kings assistance, sore
+disquieted the countrie. Howbeit, the sonne of the king of Nauarre, and
+brother to Berengaria the quéene of England, entring into Guien with an
+armie, wasted the lands of both those rebels, till he was called home by
+reason of his fathers death which chanced about the same time.
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 6.] Shortlie after Geffrey Rancin died, and king
+Richard comming into his countrie, wan the strong castell of Tailleburge
+by surrender, which apperteined to the same Geffrey with others, and
+then going against the other rebels, [Sidenote: Engolesme woone.] he wan
+the citie of Engolesme from him by force of assault. All which time the
+French king stirred not, by reason that there was some communication in
+hand for a truce to be taken betwixt him and king Richard, which by
+mediation of certeine bishops was shortlie after concluded, to endure
+for twelue moneths. [Sidenote: _Polydor._ _Wil. Paruus._] The bishop of
+Elie was chéefe commissioner for the king of England, and this truce was
+accorded about Lammas, and serued to little purpose, except to giue
+libertie to either prince to breath a little, [Sidenote: _Polydor._] and
+in the meane time to prouide themselues of men, munition, ships & monie,
+that immediatlie after the terme was expired, they might with greater
+force returne to the field againe, for they had not onelie a like desire
+to follow the warres, but also vsed a like meane and practise to leuie
+monie.
+
+[Sidenote: Great exactions.] For whereas they had alreadie made the
+temporaltie bare with often paiments, and calling them foorth to serue
+personallie in the warres, they thought best now to fetch a fleece from
+the spiritualtie and churchmen, considering also that they had béene by
+reason of their immunitie more gentlie dealt with, and not appointed to
+serue themselues in anie maner of wise. [Sidenote: The colour pretended
+in leuieng of monie.] To colour this exaction which they knew would be
+euill taken of manie, they bruted abroad, that they leuied this monie
+vpon purpose, to send it into the holie land, towards the paiment of the
+christian souldiers, which remained there vpon defense of those townes,
+which yet the Saracens had not conquered. King Richard therfore comming
+to Towrs in Touraine, required a great summe of monie of the cleargie in
+those parts, and the like request he made throughout all those his
+dominions, on that further side of the sea. King Philip for his part
+demanded likewise intollerable tithes and duties of all the churchmen in
+his territories, and those that had the gathering of that monie serued
+their owne turne, in dealing most streightlie with sillie préests,
+making them to paie what they thought good, though sometime beyond the
+bounds of equitie and reason.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ Inquisitions taken by a iurie of sundrie
+matters.] In September, the iustices itinerants made their circuits
+thorough euerie shire and countie of this realme, causing inquisitions
+to be taken by substantiall iuries of plées of the crowne both old and
+new, of recognisances, of escheats, of wards, of mariages, of all maner
+of offendors against the lawes and ordinances of the relme, and of all
+other transgressors, falsifiers, and murtherers of Jewes; of the
+pledges, goods, lands, debts, and writings of Jewes that were slaine,
+and of other circumstances touching that matter. Likewise of the
+accompts of shiriffes, as to vnderstand what had béene giuen towards the
+kings ransome, how much had béene receiued, and what remained behind to
+receiue. Also of the lands that belonged to erle John, and what goods he
+had, and what he held in demaine, in wards, escheats, and in gifts, and
+for what cause they were giuen. Furthermore, of his fautors and
+partakers, which had made fines with the king, and which not, with manie
+other articles touching the same earle. [Sidenote: Vsurers.] Also of
+vsurers, and of their goods being seized, of wines sold contrarie to the
+assise, of false measures, and of such as hauing receiued the crosse to
+go into the holie land, died before they set forward. Also of grand
+assises that were of an hundred shillings land or vnder, and of
+defaults, and of diuerse other things, the iurats were charged to
+inquire, and present the same.
+
+The iustices also were appointed to cause the manours, farmes and lands
+which the king held in demaine, or by wards and escheats, to be surueied
+by a substantiall iurie, and to take order for the conuerting of them to
+such vse, as the king might be answered of the gaines rising by the same
+at the farmers hands. [Sidenote: Iewes.] Also, the Iewes were appointed
+to inroll all their debts, pledges, lands, houses, rents and
+possessions. [Sidenote: Iustices, shiriffes and other officers.]
+Moreouer, inquisition was taken of iustices, shiriffes, bailiffes,
+conestables, foresters and other officers belonging to the king, to
+vnderstand in what maner they had behaued themselues in taking and
+seizing of things into their hands, and of all such goods, gifts and
+promises had and receiued by occasion of leasure made of the lands of
+earle John and his fautors, and who receiued the same, [Sidenote: Hubert
+archbishop of Canturburie lord chéefe iustice.] and what delaie was
+granted by commandement of Hubert archbishop of Canturburie, then lord
+chéefe iustice.
+
+In this meane time, whilest these inquisitions were thus taken in
+England, king Richard comming foorth of Poictou into Aniou, [Sidenote:
+Officers driuen to fine for their offices.] caused all the bailiffes and
+officers of that countrie, and also of Maine, to fine with him for their
+offices. [Sidenote: The king offended with the lord chauncellor.] After
+this, when he came downe into Normandie, he séemed in shew to be
+offended with his chancellour the bishop of Elie, about concluding of
+the truce with the French king (where as ye haue heard he was cheefe
+commissioner) misliking greatlie all that was doone therein, and
+therefore he tooke the seale from him, and caused a new seale to be
+made, commanding to be proclaimed thorough all his dominions, that
+whatsoeuer had béene sealed with the old seale, should stand in no
+force, both for that his chancellor had wrought more vndiscreetlie than
+was conuenient; [Sidenote: A new seale.] and againe, bicause the same
+seale was lost, when Roger Malus Catulus his vicechancellour was
+drowned, who perished, among other by shipracke, néere to the Ile of
+Cypres, before the king arriued there, being as then on his iournie into
+the holie land. Therefore all men had commandement to come to this new
+seale, that they might haue their charters and writings confirmed.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ The king returneth into England. He granteth
+the English men licence to tournie.] Furthermore, whilest the truce yet
+lasted, king Richard sailed ouer into England, where he caused turnies
+to be exercised in diuerse places, for the better training vp of
+souldiers in feats of warre, that they might growe more skilfull and
+perfect in the same, when they should come to the triall of their
+forces, whereby he raised no small summes of monie for granting license
+to his subiects so to tournie. [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ Fines paid for
+licence to exercise turnements.] Euerie earle that would tournie, paid
+to him for his licence twentie marks, euerie baron ten marks, and euerie
+knight hauing lands, did giue foure marks, and those that had no lands
+two marks, to the great damnifieng of the people; hauing learned the
+common lesson, and receiued the ordinarie rule followed of all, and
+neglected of none; namelie,
+    [Sidenote: _Mal. Pal. in suo sap._]
+    ---- opus est nummis vel morte relictis,
+    Vel sorte inuentis, vel quauis arte paratis,
+    Quippe inopem mala multa pati contingit vbíq;,
+    Nec sine diuitijs fas cuiquam ducere vitam
+    Fœlicem, &c.
+
+The charter of this grant was deliuered by the king vnto William earle
+of Salisburie, to haue the kéeping thereof: but Hubert Walter the
+archbishop of Canturburie, and lord chéefe iustice, bade his brother
+Theobald Walter collector of the monie, for the scraping and raking
+togither whereof, in huge sums, he put the former shifts of extortion
+and exaction in practise.
+
+     The tenour of the charter concerning the turnements before
+     remembred.
+
+     Richard by the grace of God king of England, duke of Normandie
+     and Aquitaine, and earle of Aniou, to the reuerend father in
+     Christ, Hubert archbishop of Canturburie, and primat of all
+     England, sendeth greeting. Know ye that we haue granted
+     turnaments to be kept in England in fiue steeds, to wit, betwixt
+     Sarisburie and Wilton, betwixt Warwike and Kenelworth, betwixt
+     Stanford and Warmeford, betwixt Brackley and Nixburgh, betwixt
+     Blie & Tickhill, so that the peace of our land be not broken, nor
+     yet our iustices authoritie diminished, nor any damage doone to
+     our forrests. Prouided that what earle soeuer will turney there,
+     shall giue to vs twentie markes, a baron ten marks, a knight
+     that hath lands foure marks and he that hath no lands shall giue
+     two marks.
+
+     Moreouer, no stranger shall be admitted to turney there, wherevpon
+     we command you, that at the daie of the turnieng, ye haue there two
+     clarkes, and two of our knights to receiue the oth of the earles
+     and barons, which shall satisfie vs of the said summes of monie,
+     before the turnieng begin, and that they suffer none to turnie,
+     till (before) they haue made paiment, and haue caused to be entred
+     how much & of whom they haue receiued: and ye shall take ten marks
+     for this charter to our vse, whereof the earle of Salisburie, and
+     the earle of Clare, and the earle of Warren are pledges. [Sidenote:
+     Bishops towne.] Witnesse myselfe, at Ville Leuesche, the two and
+     twentith of August.
+
+Furthermore, ordinances were made and set foorth for the safe keeping of
+the peace, so that such as would turney, neither by the waie in comming
+or going, or whilest the turnieng lasted, should violentlie take any
+thing to serue their necessarie vses, without paieng therefore to the
+owner according to the woorth, nor should doo iniurie to any man in any
+manner of wise. But now to the other dooings of king Richard, [Sidenote:
+I thinke he came not ouer at all into England at this time, but rather
+sent his mind vnto the archbishop.] who made no long abode in England at
+this time, but shortlie returned into Normandie, bicause he heard that
+king Philip had an armie readie leuied. Wherefore meaning to buckle with
+him vpon occasion offered, he made the more hast, and being landed
+there, approched vnto the borders of the French dominions, incamping
+himselfe with his armie in the field, to wait for the time that the
+truce should be expired, least the enimie should in any exploit preuent
+him. In like manner king Philip hauing with him earle John king Richards
+brother, kept his souldiers and men of warre in a readines with him, to
+worke any feat that should be thought expedient assoone as the truce
+should end.
+
+[Sidenote: 1195.] Whilest both these kings were thus bent to powre out
+their malice, and to ease their stomachs with dint of sword, [Sidenote:
+Messengers from the pope.] there came messengers from the pope,
+exhorting him vnto peace and quietnesse, but his exhortation little
+auailed. For they regarding it little or nothing, immediatlie as the
+truce was expired, got them abroad into the field, [Sidenote: Isoldune.]
+& king Richard drew towards Isoldune, a towne situat in the confines of
+Berrie, whither it was reported that the French king meant to come: and
+there staid for him a whole day togither. But the French king hearing
+that king Richard was there to looke for him, thought it best not to
+come there at all. Wherefore king Richard went the next daie vnto a
+castell called Brison, and tooke it vpon his first approch. Then went he
+to a towne called Nouencourt and perceiuing the same to be strong and
+well manned, tooke not in hand to assaile it till the third daie after
+his comming thither, at what time he so inclosed the same round about
+with diligent watch and ward, that a cat could not haue escaped out of
+the place, neither by daie nor night, but that she should haue béene
+espied. [Sidenote: Nouencourt yéeldeth to K. Richard. Albermarle
+besieged. _Matt. West._ _Polydor._] They within being put in feare
+herewith, yeelded vp the towne the daie next following, in which meane
+time the French king besieged Albemarle.
+
+Herevpon king Richard, hauing left a garrison of souldiers in
+Nouencourt, came to raise the enimie from his siege, & setting vpon the
+Frenchmen, there began a sharpe fight: but the Englishmen being wearie
+with trauell of their passed iournie, and hauing rashlie entred into the
+battell, were not able to indure the Frenchmens violence, so that (not
+without great losse) they were constreined to retire with swift flight,
+or (to saie the truth) to run awaie a maine pase. The French king hauing
+thus chased his enimies, returned to assault Albemarle, woone the
+castell by force, and the towne by composition, permitting the garrison
+there to depart with all their armour. This doone, he ruinated the
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ The earle of Leicesters offer for his ransome.]
+castell flat to the ground. Robert earle of Leicester offered to the
+French king a thousand marks sterling for his ransome, and to quite
+claime to him and his heires for euer all the right which he had to the
+castell of Pascie, with the appurtenances, and to get a confirmation
+thereof for him both of the pope, and of the king of England: but for
+that the warre still lasted, the French king tooke a respite in
+answering this offer, neuerthelesse afterwards in the yeare next
+insuing, he tooke it, and so the earle was set at libertie.
+
+Not long after this foresaid repulse, the king of England hauing
+refreshed his souldiers with some rest after their great trauell, went
+to Million, [Sidenote: Million won and rased.] and giuing assault to the
+towne wan it at the first brunt, and made it plaine with the earth.
+[Sidenote: A motion for peace.] Then was a motion made for peace betwixt
+the two kings, being now wearied with long wars: whereof when earle John
+was aduertised, who (as it should séeme by some writers) hauing tarried
+with the French king till this present, began now to doubt least if any
+agréement were made, he might happilie be betraied of the French king by
+couenants that should passe betwixt them: he determined therefore with
+himselfe to commit his whole safetie to his naturall brother, and to no
+man else, perceiuing that the French king made not so great accompt of
+him after the losse of his castels in England, as he had doone before.
+
+Herevpon comming to his brother king Richard, "he besought him to pardon
+his offense, and though he had not dealt brotherlie towards him, yet
+that he would brotherlie forgiue him his rebellious trespasse, adding
+furthermore, that whereas he had not heretofore beene thankefull for his
+manifold benefits which he had receiued at his hands, yet he was now
+most sorie therefore, and was willing to make amends: wherewith he
+acknowledged the safegard of his life to rest in him, for the which he
+was bound to giue him thanks, if he would grant thereto." The king
+mooued with his words, made this answer (as it is said) that he pardoned
+him indéed, but yet wished that he might forget such iniuries as he had
+receiued at his hands, which he doubted least he should not easilie doo.
+[Sidenote: Earle John returneth to the king his brother, and is
+pardoned.] Herewith erle John being yet put in good hope of
+forgiuenesse, sware to be true euer after vnto him, and that he would
+endeuour himselfe to make amends for his misdeeds past, [Sidenote: _Wil.
+Paruus._ _R. Houed._ _Matth. Paris._] and so was shortlie after restored
+vnto his former degree, honour and estimation in all respects.
+
+But by some writers it should appeare, that earle John, immediatlie vpon
+conclusion of the first truce, came from the French king, and submitted
+himselfe to his brother, and by mediation of the quéene their mother was
+pardoned, receiued againe into fauour, and serued euer after against the
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] French king verie dutifullie, séeking by new
+atchiued enterprises brought about (to the contentation of his brother)
+to make a recompense for his former misdemeanor, reputing it meere
+madnesse to make means to further mischeefe; for
+    ---- stultum est hostem iritare potentem,
+    Atq; malum maius tumidis sibi quærere verbis.
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._] But at what time soeuer he returned thus to his
+brother, this yeare (as Roger Houeden saith) he was restored to the
+earledoms of Mortaigne in Normandie, and Glocester in England, with the
+honour of Eie (the castels onelie excepted) and in recompense of the
+residue of the earledoms which he had before inioied, togither with
+certeine other lands, his brother king Richard gaue vnto him a yeerelie
+pension amounting to the summe of eight thousand pound of Aniouin monie.
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ _Wil. Paruus._ _Matth. Paris._ _Polychron._] ¶
+Now here to staie a while at matters chancing here about home, I will
+speake somewhat of the dooings of Leopold duke of Austrich, who as one
+nothing mooued with the pestilence and famine that oppressed his
+countrie in this season, but rather hauing his hart hardened, began to
+threaten the English hostages that they shuld loose their liues, if king
+Richard kept not the couenants which he had vndertaken to performe by a
+day appointed. [Sidenote: Baldwin de Betun.] Wherevpon Baldwin Betun one
+of the hostages was sent by common agréement of the residue vnto king
+Richard, to signifie to him their estate. King Richard willing to
+deliuer them out of further danger, sent with the same Baldwin his
+coosen, the sister of Arthur duke of Britaine, and the daughter of the
+emperour of Cypres, to be conueied vnto the said duke of Austrich, the
+one, namelie the sister of Arthur to be ioined in marriage with the
+dukes sonne, and the other to continue in the dukes hands to bestow at
+his pleasure.
+
+[Sidenote: Duke Leopold catcheth a fall beside his horsse and dieth of
+the hurt.] But in the meane time, on saint Stephans day, duke Leopold
+chanced to haue a fall beside his horsse, and hurt his leg in such wise,
+that all the surgions in the countrie could not helpe him, wherevpon in
+extreame anguish he ended his life. And whereas before his death he
+required to be absolued of the sentence of excommunication pronounced
+against him by the pope (for apprehending of king Richard in his
+returning from his iournie made into the holie land) he was answered by
+the cleargie, that except he would receiue an oth to stand to the
+iudgement of the church for the iniurie doone to king Richard, and that
+vnlesse other of the Nobilitie would receiue the like oth with him if he
+chanced to die (whereby he might not fulfill that which the church
+héerein should decrée) that yet they should see the same performed, he
+might not otherwise be absolued.
+
+Wherefore he tooke the oth, and the Nobles of his countrie with him, and
+therewithall released the English pledges, remitted the monie that yet
+remained behind of his portion aforesaid, and immediatlie therewith
+died. After his deceasse, bicause certeine péeres of the countrie
+withstood the performance of the premisses, his bodie laie eight daies
+longer aboue ground than otherwise it should haue doone, for till such
+time as all the pledges were perfectlie released, it might not be
+buried. Also Baldwin de Betun approching neere to the confines of
+Austrich, when he heard that the duke was dead, returned with the two
+ladies vnto his souereigne lord king Richard. Thus (as ye haue heard)
+for feare of the censures of the church were the pledges restored, and
+the residue of the monie behind released.
+
+¶ All this was both pleasant and profitable for king Richards soules
+helth (as may be thought) bicause he tooke occasion therof to amend his
+owne former life, by considering how much he might be reprehended for
+his sundrie faults committed both against God and man. A maruellous
+matter to heare, how much frō that time forward he reformed his former
+trade of liuing into a better forme & order. [Sidenote: White moonks.]
+Moreouer, the emperour gaue to the Cisteaux moonks 3000 marks of siluer,
+parcell of king Richards ransome, to make siluer censers in euerie
+church throughout where they had any houses: but the abbats of the same
+order refused the gift, being a portion of so wrongfull and vngodlie a
+gaine. At which thing, when it came to the knowledge of K. Richard, he
+greatlie maruelled at the first, but after commended the abbats in their
+dooings, and cheeflie for shewing that they were void of the accustomed
+gréedinesse of hauing, which most men supposed them to be much infected
+withall.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ Hugh Nouāt bishop of Couentrie restored to his
+sée.] King Richard this yeare pardoned Hugh Nouant bishop of Couentrie
+of all his wrath and displeasure conceiued toward him, and restored to
+him his bishoprike for fiue thousand marks of siluer. But Robert Nouant
+the same bishops brother died in the kings prison at Douer. [Sidenote:
+The archbishop of Yorke.] Also whereas the archbishop of Yorke had
+offended king Richard, he pardoned him, and receiued him againe into
+fauour, with the kisse of peace. Wherevpon the archbishop waxed so
+proud, that vsing the king reprochfullie, he lost his archbishoprike,
+the rule of Yorkeshire which he had in gouernment as shiriffe, the
+fauour of his souereigne, and (which was the greatest losse of all) the
+loue of God. For
+    [Sidenote: _M. Pal. in suo sag._]
+    Nemo superbus amat superos, nec amator ab illis,
+    Vult humiles Deus ac mites, habitatq; libenter
+    Mansuetos animos procul ambitione remotos,
+    Inflatos verò ac ventosos deprimit idem,
+    Nec patitur secum puro consistere olympo.
+
+[Sidenote: Pope Celestine. The archbish. of Canturburie is made y^e
+popes legat.] Moreouer, through the kings request, pope Celestine this
+yeare made the archbishop of Canturburie legat of all England by his
+buls directed to him, bearing date at his palace in Rome called Lateran
+the fifteenth kalends of Aprill, in the fourth yeare of his papasie.
+Furthermore, the pope wrote to the English cleargie, giuing them to
+vnderstand that he had created the said archbishop of Canturburie his
+legat, commanding them so to accept him: [Sidenote: A trinitie of
+officers in vnitie of person.] by vertue of which letters, the
+archbishop Hubert being now both archbishop of Canturburie, legat of the
+apostolike sée, and lord chéefe iustice of England, appointed to hold a
+councell at Yorke, and therefore gaue knowledge by the abbat of Binham
+in Northfolke, and one maister Geruise, vnto the canons of Yorke, and to
+the archbishops officials of his purposed intention.
+
+The said canons and officials well considering of the popes letters,
+which were deliuered vnto them by the messengers, signified for answer,
+that they would gladlie receiue him as legat of the apostolike sée, but
+not as archbishop of Canturburie, nor as their primat. Herewith he came
+to Yorke vpon saint Barnabies daie being sundaie, and was receiued with
+procession. On the morrow after, he held a court of plees of the crowne,
+of assises, and such other matters touching the king. On the next day
+being Tuesday, he entred into the monasterie of saint Maries in Yorke,
+and deposed the abbat, bicause of his infirmitie of bodie, at the
+request of the moonks, but the abbat appealed to the popes consistorie.
+[Sidenote: A synod holden at Yorke.] Then he assembled the cleargie in
+the church of Saint Peter in Yorke, and there held a synod for
+reformation of things amisse in the church, and amendment of manners in
+the cleargie, so that diuerse decrées were made, the which for
+bréefenesse we omit to speake of in particular. This yeare also, the
+said archbishop Hubert caused all men throughout the realme of England
+to receiue an oth of obseruing the kings peace, and to sweare that they
+should not be robbers, nor abbettors of robbers, nor in any wise
+consenting vnto them, but should doo what in them might lie to apprehend
+all such offendors, and to discouer them to the kings officers to be
+apprehended, and to pursue them vpon hew and crie to the vttermost of
+their powers, and those that withdrew themselues from such pursuit,
+should be apprehended as partakers with the offendors.
+
+[Sidenote: The emperor sendeth to the king.] About this time the
+emperour sent to king Richard, requiring him in no wise to conclude any
+peace with the French king, but rather to inuade his dominions,
+promising to aid him all that he might. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 7.] But king
+Richard, to vnderstand further of the emperours mind herein, [Sidenote:
+The bishop of Elie is sent to the emperour.] sent ouer his chancellour
+the bishop of Elie vnto him in ambassage. In the meane time the warre
+was still continued betwixt him and the French, by the which they were
+commonlie put to the worse, and king Richard inuading their borders, did
+much hurt in wasting the countries on each side. The French king was at
+one time so narrowlie chased, that as he would haue passed a bridge that
+laie ouer the water of Saine, he was in danger of drowning by the fall
+of the same vnder him, but yet at the length he escaped, and got to the
+further side.
+
+[Sidenote: The 2 kings talke togither.] After this, the two kings came
+to a communication togither, in the which a motion was made, that Lewes
+the French king his sonne and heire should haue the sister of Arthur
+duke of Britaine in marriage, and that king Richard in consideration
+thereof should surrender vnto them and to their heires the townes of
+Gisors, Bademont, with the countrie of Veulquessine or Veuxine le
+Normant, Vernon, Iuerie and Pascie; and further should giue vnto them
+twentie thousand marks of siluer. On the other side it was mooued, that
+the French king should resigne vnto king Richard all that he could
+demand in the countie of Engeulesme, and should restore vnto him the
+counties of Albemarle and Augie, with the castell of Arkes, and all
+other castels which he had taken in Normandie, or in any partie during
+these last warres. But there was a respit taken for the full concluding
+and assuring of these conditions, till the octaues of All saints, that
+king Richard might vnderstand the emperours pleasure, without whose
+consent he might not conclude any thing concerning that matter, bicause
+he had sent such word vnto him by the lord chancellour, who at this time
+was attendant in his court.
+
+In the meane time, the emperour being aduertised of the whole matter,
+and of the articles afore mentioned, gaue knowledge to king Richard by
+the bishop of Elie at his returning backe, that this forme of peace
+nothing liked him, but rather made directlie to his discontentment: the
+which least he might séeme to saie without sufficient ground of reason,
+he alledged, that it should sound to king Richards dishonour, if he
+surrendred and gaue vp anie thing that he had not in possession.
+[Sidenote: The emperor dissuadeth the king from agréeing to the peace.]
+And to encourage him to recouer those things which had beene taken from
+him, the emperour pardoned him of the seauentéene thousand marks of
+siluer, which yet remained behind due to him for the kings ransome.
+Howsoeuer the matter passed, the two kings met not in the octaues of All
+saints, according to the appointment, although they were come, and
+approched verie néere to the place where they should haue communed
+togither: but through the dissimulation of the Frenchmen, they departed,
+without seeing one an other, and immediatlie began the warre as
+fiercelie as at anie time before.
+
+[Sidenote: The warre is begun afresh.] The French king tooke the towne
+of Diep, which king Richard had latelie repared, and burned it, with the
+ships that harbored in the hauen: after this, commming to Isoldun, he
+wan the towne and besieged the castell. [Sidenote: The hast which king
+Richard made.] But king Richard aduertised thereof, came with quicke
+spéed (making of thrée daies iournie but one) and entred into the
+castell of Isoldun to defend the same against his aduersaries: and
+foorthwith there resorted such numbers of men vnto him, when they heard
+how he was besieged, that the French king doubting how to retire from
+thence in safetie, made suit first to haue licence to depart, and after
+when that would not be granted, he required at the leastwise to talke
+with the king of England about some agréement.
+
+[Sidenote: The 2 kings againe talke togither of peace.] Wherevnto king
+Richard condescended, and so comming togither, they concluded vpon a
+truce to indure from that daie, being saturdaie next after the feast of
+saint Nicholas, vnto the feast of saint Hilarie next insuing, and then
+to méet againe néere vnto Louiers with their councels, that they might
+grow by some reasonable way vnto a finall peace and concord. [Sidenote:
+1196.] And according to this article, shortlie after the same feast of
+S. Hilarie, they met at Louiers, where finallie they were accorded to
+conclude a peace on these conditions, [Sidenote: The conditions of peace
+concluded betwixt the two kings. _Matth. Paris._ _Matth. West._] that
+the French king should release to the king of England Isoldun, with the
+countrie about, woon by him sith the beginning of these wars; likewise,
+all the right which he had in Berrie, Auuergine, and Gascoigne, and the
+countie of Albemarle. On the other part, the king of England should
+resigne Gisors, and certeine other places, and namelie Veuxine or
+Veulquesine vnto the king of France.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. West._ _Matth. Paris._] Herevpon were suerties also
+bound for performance, and the forfeiture of fiftéene thousand marks
+assigned to be paid by the partie that first brake the peace. Shortlie
+after, the French king repenting him selfe of the agreement, began to
+make a warre anew, so that king Richard seized into his hands all the
+goods and[15] possessions which belonged to the abbats of the order of
+the great monasterie of Clunie, and of saint Denise & la Charitie, which
+had become suertie for the French king in the summe of 1500 marks
+aforesaid. [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ The earle of Albemarle departed this
+life.] This yeare died William de Forz earle of Albemarle, in whose
+place succéeded Baldwine de Betun by the kings gift, and married the
+countesse of Albermarle.
+
+[Sidenote: Otho sonne to the duke of Saxonie.] There was a motion also
+made for a marriage betwixt the lord Otho, sonne to Henrie duke of
+Saxonie, king Richards nephue by his sister, and the ladie Margaret,
+daughter to the king of Scots, so as they should haue inioied the
+countries of Lothian, Northumberland, and the countie of Caerleill with
+the castels. [Sidenote: Lawnes.] For the conclusion of which marriage,
+the archbishop of Canturburie was sent about Christmas to commune with
+the king of Scots: but bicause the Scotish quéene was then conceiued of
+child, hir husband (in hope that God would send him a sonne) refused to
+stand vnto the aboue mentioned couenants.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._ _Ran. Higd._ The abbat of Caen sent into
+England.] At this time king Richard sent the abbat of Caen (who was also
+the elect of Durham) into England, to take an accompts of those that had
+the receipts of the kings monie: for this abbat had informed the king,
+that his receiuers and officers here in the realme dealt not iustlie in
+making their accompts, [Sidenote: Fraudulent dealing in officers.] but
+both deceiued the king, and oppressed his people, in exacting more than
+was due, and concealing that which they ought to stand accomptable for.
+The king supposing his words to be true, or at least likelie so to be,
+and that in reforming such vntruth in his officers, it should be both
+profitable to him, and well liked of the people, sent this abbat ouer
+with commission, to be as it were his generall auditour.
+
+Howbeit, Hubert archbishop of Canturburie, which was gouernour of the
+realme in causes both temporall and spirituall (by reason he had the
+kings authorise as his vicegerent, & therefore sufficientlie
+countenanced, & also the popes as his legat authorised) did somewhat
+stomach the matter, in that it should be thought he did suffer such
+abuses in the kings officers, and not reforme them. But he held him
+content and said little, sith the abbat shewed him the kings commission
+to doo that which he went about, although he brought it not to passe.
+For whereas he came ouer in lent, and gaue out commandements, that all
+such as had any thing to doo in receipt of the kings monie, should
+appeare before him after Easter, he tarried not to see Easter himselfe,
+but was called into another world by the stroke of death, there to
+render accompts for his owne acts here in this life committed.
+
+[Sidenote: _Fabian._ _Wil. Paruus._ _Matt. Paris._ _Ran. Higd._ William
+Fitz Osbert.] At the same time there was another person in London called
+William with the long beard, (aliàs Fitz Osbert) which had likewise
+informed the king of certeine great oppressions and excessiue outrages
+vsed by rich men against the poore (namelie the worshipfull of the
+citie, the Maior and Aldermen) who in their hoistings, when any tallage
+was to be gathered, burdened the poore further than was thought reason,
+to ease themselues; [Sidenote: The foule disorder in the citizens of
+London.] wherevpon[16] the said William being a seditious person, and of
+a busie nature, ceassed not to make complaints. Now bicause the king
+gaue eare vnto him at the first, he tooke a boldnesse thereof, & drawing
+vnto him great routs of the poorer sort of people, would take vpon him
+to defend the causes of those that found themselues greeued with the
+heauie yoke of richmen and gentlemen. He was somewhat learned, and verie
+eloquent: he had also a verie good wit, but he applied it rather to set
+dissention betwixt the high estates and the low, than to anie other good
+purpose. [Sidenote: The vnnaturall ingratitude of Fitz Osbert.] He
+accused also his owne brother of treason, who in his youth had kept him
+to schoole, & beene verie good and beneficiall brother vnto him, bicause
+now he would not still mainteine him with monie to beare out his
+riottous port. Moreouer, he declared to the king, that by extortion and
+briberie of certeine men of great wealth, he lost manie forfeits and
+escheats.
+
+Manie gentlemen of honour sore hated him for his presumptuous attempts
+to the hindering of their purposes: but he had such comfort of the king,
+that he little passed for their malice, but kept on his intent, till the
+king being aduertised of the assemblies which he made, commanded him to
+ceasse from such dooings, that the people might fall againe to their
+sciences and occupations, which they had for the more part left off, at
+the instigation of this William with the long beard, so named of the
+long heare of his beard, [Sidenote: Why he ware his long berd. _Matth.
+Paris._] which he nourished of purpose to seeme the more graue and
+manlike, and also as it were in despite of them which counterfeited the
+Normans (that were for the most part shauen) and bicause he would
+resemble the ancient vsage of the English nation. [Sidenote: _Fabian._]
+The kings commandement in restraint of the peoples resort vnto him, was
+well kept a while, but it was not long yer they began to follow him
+againe as they had doone before.
+
+Then he tooke vpon him to make vnto them certeine collations or sermons,
+taking for his theme, Haurietis aquas in gaudio de fontibus saluatoris,
+that is to saie: [Sidenote: His oration to the people.] Ye shall draw in
+gladnesse waters out of the founteins of your sauiour. And hereto he
+added, "I am (said he) the sauiour of poore men; ye be the poore, and
+haue assaied the hard hands and heauie burdens of the rich: now draw ye
+therefore the healthfull waters of vnderstanding out of my wels and
+springs, and that with ioy. For the time of your visitation is come: I
+shall part waters from waters, by waters I vnderstand the people, and I
+shall part the people which are good and méeke, from the people that are
+wicked and proud, and I shall disseuer the good and euill, euen as light
+is diuided from darknesse."
+
+[Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] By these and such persuasions and means as he
+vsed, he had gotten two and fiftie thousand persons, readie to haue
+taken his part, as appeared after by a roll of their names found in his
+kéeping, besides diuerse instruments of iron to breake vp houses, and
+other things seruing to such like purposes. So that he brought the
+commoners into a great liking of him: but the rich and wealthie citizens
+stood in much feare, so that they kept their houses, in armes, in doubt
+to be robbed and murthred by him in the night season.
+
+The archbishop of Canturburie (vnto whome the rule of the realme
+chéefelie belonged) being aduertised hereof, sent for the greatest
+number of the citizens, and vsing them with gentle words, persuaded them
+to deliuer pledges, the better to assure him, that no such thing should
+chance, which was suspected of manie, though he was loth to conceiue any
+such opinion of them. They being ouercome with his courteous words, gaue
+vnto him pledges.
+
+[Sidenote: He is called before the archbishop of Canturburie lord chéefe
+iustice or president of the realme.] After this, when the foresaid
+William ceased not to make congregations of the people, at length the
+archbishop sent a commandement vnto him, that he should appeare before
+him and other of the councell, at a certeine prefixed daie, to answer to
+such things as might be laid to his charge. To be short, he did so at
+the time appointed, but with such a rout of the common people about him,
+that the archbishop durst not pronounce against him, but licenced him to
+depart for that time, giuing him soft and gentle words. Howbeit,
+certeine persons were then appointed by the said archbishop and other of
+the councell to watch him sometime, when he should haue no great
+companie about him, and then to apprehend him.
+
+Amongst those that were thus commanded to attach him, were two burgesses
+of the citie, who hauing espied a conuenient time for the execution of
+their purpose, set vpon him to haue take him, but he getting an ax,
+defended himselfe manfullie: and in resisting slue one of them,
+[Sidenote: He fléeth into the church of S. Marie Bow.] and after that
+fled into the church of S. Marie Bow, kéeping the same not as a place of
+sanctuarie, but as a fortresse: in somuch that by the help of such as
+resorted vnto him, he defended it against his aduersaries, till with
+fire and smoke they constreined him to come foorth, and all those that
+were there with him: [Sidenote: His concubine.] amongst them also was
+his concubine, who neuer left him for any danger that might betide him.
+
+The people regarding the danger of their pledges, came not out to aid
+him, as it was much doubted they would haue doone. Wherefore being thus
+attached, he was brought foorth, and comming out of the church, the
+sonne of that burgesse whome he had slaine (as you haue heard) strake
+him verie sore into the bellie with a knife, in reuenge of his fathers
+death. After this, he was had to his arraignment before the archbishop,
+sitting within the towre, and being condemned, was from thence drawne
+with horsses to the place of execution called the Elmes, [Sidenote: He
+is executed.] and there hanged on a gibet, with nine of his adherents,
+which had defended the church against the kings power: [Sidenote: _Wil.
+Paruus._ _Matth. Paris._] and yet for all this, the grudge ceassed not,
+but the common people raised a great slander vpon the archbishop,
+[Sidenote: The archbishop of Canturburie is euill spokē of for y^e death
+of William Fitz Osbert.] both for causing him to be taken out of the
+church, where he claimed priuilege of sanctuarie, and also for putting
+him to death, who was innocent (as they alledged) and not giltie of
+those crimes that were laid against him: who sought onelie the defense
+of poore people against extortioners, and such as were wrong dooers.
+
+This rumor rose so fast, that at length (by bruting abroad, that
+certeine miracles should be wrought by a chaine, [Sidenote: An old
+whormonger, and a new saint.] wherein he was bound in time of his
+imprisonment) he was taken for a saint. The place also where he
+suffered, was visited by women, and other superstitious folks, as a plot
+of great holinesse, till at length the archbishop caused it to be
+watched, to the end that no such foolishnesse should be vsed there. In
+fine, the opinion which the people had thus fondlie conceiued of his
+vertue and innocencie, was by little and little remooued out of their
+heads, when his acts were more certeinelie published: as the sleaing of
+a man with his owne hands, and the vsing of his concubine within Bowe
+church, during the time of his being there. Also the archbishop accursed
+a préest, which had first brought vp the false report and fained fable
+of the miracle wrought by the chaine, whereby the occasion of idolatrie
+was first giuen, and might easilie haue béene continued, if the
+archbishop had not béene the wiser man, and by such means repressed the
+rumour. ¶ So that we are to note by this example the force of
+counterfeit holinesse and feigned harmelesnesse in hypocrits,
+           ---- qui pelle sub agni
+    Vipereum celant virus morésq; luporum;
+    Et stolidos ficta virtutis imagine fallunt.
+
+But now to return vnto the dooings of king Richard in France. Ye haue
+heard how a peace was concluded (as some haue written) but the same
+continued not long: for the French king séeming to repent himselfe of
+that he had doone (as is aforesaid) brake the peace, and raising a
+power, besieged Albemarle; at length wan it, and raced it downe to the
+ground, then king Richard gaue vnto him thrée thousand marks of siluer
+for the ransome of his knights and yeomen, or demilances (as I may call
+them) that were taken in that fortresse. After this, the French king wan
+Nouencourt, and earle John tooke the castell of Gamages.
+
+[Sidenote: The erledome of Poictou.] About the same time also king
+Richard gaue vnto his nephue Otho the earledome of Poictou. Which I haue
+thought good to note out of Roger Houeden, [Sidenote: John Bouchet his
+dout.] to remooue the doubt of Iohn Bouchet, who in the third part of
+his annales of Aquitaine, maruelleth at an old panchart or record which
+he had séene, by the tenour whereof it appeared, that this Otho
+intituled himselfe duke of Aquitaine and earle of Poictou, being in his
+castell of Monstereulbonin neere to Poictiers, in the yeare a thousand,
+one hundreth, ninetie nine, in presence of Geffrey de Lusignen, and
+others, and granted vnto a certeine person the office of cutting the
+monie in the mint of that towne, as by the same panchart it further
+appeareth.
+
+The sight whereof brought the said Bouchet into a great perplexitie,
+considering that no chronicle which he had either seene, or heard of,
+made mention of any Otho that shuld be duke of Aquitaine, or erle of
+Poictou, either before that time, or after. Where againe it was euident
+to him, that queene Elianor the mother of king Richard, as then liuing,
+named hir selfe dutchesse of Aquitaine, and countesse of Poictou; &
+likewise king Richard intituled himselfe duke of Aquitaine, and earle of
+Poictou, euer after he had fianced the earle of Barcelons daughter, as
+by diuerse records both of the mother and the sonne he had séene perfect
+notice. At length yet he gesseth (and that trulie) that it should be
+this Otho, to whom the mother and sonne had assigned the dutchie of
+Aquitaine and countie of Poictou, for the maintenance of his estate, he
+holding the same till the yeare 1199, in the which he was made emperour
+by king Richards good helpe, as after shall be shewed more at large.
+
+[Sidenote: Ranulph erle of Chester tooke his wife the dutchesse of
+Britaine prisoner.] About this time also as the countesse of Britaine,
+the mother of duke Arthur came into Normandie to haue spoken with king
+Richard, Ranulph earle of Chester hir husband meeting hir at
+Pountourson, tooke hir as prisoner, and shut hir vp within his castell
+at S. James de Beumeron: and when hir sonne Arthur could not find means
+to deliuer hir out of captiuitie, he ioined with the king of France, and
+made great hauocke in the lands of his vncle king Richard, wherevpon the
+king gathered a mightie armie, and inuading Britaine with great force,
+cruellie wasted and destroied the countrie.
+
+[Sidenote: A dearth.] Here is also to be noted, that in this seuenth
+yeare of king Richard, a great dearth chanced through this realme of
+England, and in the coasts about the same. [Sidenote: The death of the
+earle of Salisburie.] Also about the same time died William earle of
+Salisburie, the sonne of earle Patrike, whose daughter and heire king
+Richard gaue in marriage, togither with the earledome of Salisburie,
+vnto his base brother, surnamed Long Espée.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ _Matth. Paris._] It chanced moreouer about the
+same time, that earle John the kings brother, with certeine capteins of
+such hired souldiors as some call Brabanceni; others, the Routs; and the
+French histories name them Costereaux, or Coterels, went abroad to
+atchiue some enterprise against the bishop of Beauuois, and other
+Frenchmen, which had doone much hurt to king Richards subiects in those
+parties. The chéefe leaders of those Routs or Costereaux, which went
+foorth with earle John, [Sidenote: Marchades & Lupescaro.] and serued
+vnder him at that time, were two Prouancois, Marchades & Lupescaro.
+These riding foorth into the countrie about Beauuois made hauocke in
+robbing and spoiling all afore them.
+
+Anon as Philip the bishop of Beauuois, a man more giuen to the campe
+than to the church, had knowledge hereof, thinking them to be a méet
+preie for him, with sir William de Merlow and his sonne, and a great
+number of other valiant men of warre, came foorth into the fields, and
+encountring with the enimies, fought verie stoutlie. [Sidenote: The
+bishop of Beauuois taken prisoner.] But yet in the end the bishop, the
+archdeacon, and all the chéefe capteins were taken: the residue slaine
+and chased. After this, earle John and the foresaid capteins passed
+foorth, and wan the towne of Millie, and so returned.
+
+Earle John and Marchades presented the two prelats with great triumph
+vnto K. Richard earlie in the morning, lieng yet in his bed; as those
+that were knowne to be his great enimies, saieng to him in French; "Rise
+Richard, rise, we haue gotten the great chantour of Beauuois, and a good
+quier man (as we take it) to answer him in the same note, and here we
+deliuer them vnto you to vse at your discretion." The king séeing them,
+smiled, and was verie glad for the taking of this bishop, for that he
+had euer found him his great aduersarie: and therefore being thus taken
+fighting in the field with armour on his backe, thought he might be bold
+in temporall wise to chastise him: sith he (not regarding his calling)
+practised to molest him with temporall weapons: wherevpon he committed
+him to close prison all armed as he was.
+
+It chanced soone after, that two of his chaplins came vnto the king to
+Rouen, where this bishop was deteined, beseeching the king of licence to
+attend vpon their maister now in captiuitie: vnto whome (as it is of
+some reported) the king made this answer; "I am content to make you
+iudges in the cause betwixt me and your maister, as for the euils which
+he hath either doone, either else gone about to doo vnto me, let the
+same be forgotten. This is true, that I being taken as I returned from
+my iournie made into the holie land, and deliuered into the emperours
+hands, was in respect of my kinglie state, vsed according therevnto
+verie fréendlie and honourablie, till your maister comming thither (for
+what purpose he himselfe best knoweth) had long conference with the
+emperour. After which, I for my part in the next morning tasted the
+fruit of their ouernights talke, being then loden with as manie irons as
+a good asse might not verie easilie haue borne. Iudge you therefore,
+what maner of imprisonment your maister deserued at my hands, that
+procured such ease for me at the emperours hands."
+
+The two chaplins had their mouths stopped with these words thus by the
+king vttered, and so departed their waies. The bishop being still
+deteined in prison, procured suit to be made to the pope for his
+deliuerance: but the pope, being truelie informed of the matter, and
+wiselie considering that the king had not taken the bishop preaching,
+but fighting, and kept him prisoner rather as a rough enimie, than as a
+peaceable prelat, would not be earnest with the king for his
+deliuerance, but rather reprooued the bishop, in that he had preferred
+secular warfare before the spirituall, and had taken vpon him the vse
+of a speare in stéed of a crosier, an helmet in steed of a miter, an
+herbergeon in stéed of a white rochet, a target for a stoale, and an
+iron sword in lieu of the spirituall sword: and therefore he refused to
+vse any commandement to king Richard for the setting of him at libertie.
+But yet he promised to doo what he could by waie of intreating that he
+might be released.
+
+It is reported by some writers, that the pope at first, not
+vnderstanding the truth of the whole circumstance, should send to king
+Richard, commanding him by force of the canons of the church to deliuer
+his sons the bishop and archdeacon out of their captiuitie. To whom the
+king sent their armour with this message written in Latine, [Sidenote:
+_Genes. 37._] "Vide an tunica filij tui sit an non," that is, "See
+whether these are the garments of thy sonnes or not:" alluding to the
+saieng of those that caried Josephs coate to Jacob. Which when the pope
+saw, he said: "Naie by S. Peter, it is neither the apparell of my
+sonnes, nor yet of my brethren: but rather they are the vestures of the
+children of Mars:" and so he left them still to be ransomed at the kings
+pleasure. The bishop thus séeing no hope to be deliuered without some
+agréement had betwixt the two kings, became now through irkesomenesse of
+his bonds, an earnest mediatour for peace, whereas before he had beene
+an extreme stirrer vp of war. Such a schoolemaister is imprisonment, &
+plucker downe of loftie courages. But to proceed.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 8.] About the same time the archbishop of Rouen put
+all the countrie of Normandie vnder sentence of interdiction, [Sidenote:
+Normandie interdicted by y^e archbishop of Rouen.] bicause king Richard
+had begun to fortifie a castell at Lisle Dandelie, vpon a péece of
+ground which the archbishop claimed to apperteine vnto his sée. The
+matter was brought before the pope, who perceiuing the intent of king
+Richard was not otherwise grounded vpon any couetous purpose to defraud
+the church of hir right, but onelie to build a fortresse in such place
+as was most expedient for defense of the countrie about, to preserue it
+from inuasion of the enimies; he counselled the archbishop not to stand
+against the king in it, but to exchange with him for some other lands:
+which was doone, and the interdiction by the pope released. [Sidenote:
+The bishop of Elie departed this life.] The bishop of Elie lord
+chancellour, being sent about this businesse towards Rome, departed this
+life by the way at Poictiers, in Januarie.
+
+But the bishops of Durham & Lisieux that were sent with him, passed
+forward, and comming to Rome, informed the pope of the matter, who tooke
+order with the bishops (as before is mentioned.) The king gaue to the
+church in Rouen in recompense, his milles which he had in Rouen, so that
+the said church should paie the almes of old time appointed to be giuen
+for the same. He gaue to the said church likewise the towne of Diepe,
+and the towne of Bussels, so that the church should likewise paie the
+almes assigned foorth of the same, being the summe of 372 pounds of
+Aniouine monie: also the manour of Louers, and the forrest of Alermound
+with the deere and the appurtenances. But now to other dooings.
+
+About the same time, or not long before, whereas there had beene long
+contention betwixt the kings of England, and the earles of S. Giles for
+the earldome of Tholouse, [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ The king and the
+earle of Tholouse agréed.] king Richard by way of aliance fell now at an
+appointment with the earle Raimond that held those lands; for whereas
+the countesse Constance wife to the said Raimond earle of Tholouse and
+aunt to king Philip was now departed this life, king Richard concluded a
+mariage betweene the said earle and his sister Joane quéene of Sicile,
+sometime wife to William king of Sicile, so that being thus ioined in
+aliance with the said earle of Tholouse on the one side, [Sidenote:
+_Matt. Paris._ The earle of Flanders alied with K. Richard. _Iacob.
+Meir._ _Les annales de France._] he procured a league also with Baldwine
+earle of Flanders on the other, vnto whom he gaue fiue thousand markes
+in reward, vpon condition, that he should couenant not to grow to any
+agréement with the French king without his consent. Likewise Reginold
+the earle of Bolongne, that was sonne to earle of Chateau Marline, alied
+himselfe with them against the French king, and so did Baldwine earle of
+Guines with diuerse other.
+
+Thus King Richard by such aliance hauing his part greatlie strengthened,
+prepared himselfe to the warre more earnestlie than before, and tooke
+order with the earle of Flanders, that they should inuade the French
+dominions in two seuerall quarters both at one time, as the earle by
+Flanders, & he himselfe by Normandie, according to the appointment
+betwixt them deuised. [Sidenote: _Iacob. Meir._ _Wil. Paruus._ Towns won
+by the earle of Flanders.] The earle preparing an armie, first wan the
+towne of Dowaie, and then besieged saint Omers, and wan it after fiue
+weekes siege: wherevpon they of Aire yeelded to him; shortlie after he
+entred into Artois, & besieged the citie of Arras.
+
+At the same time king Richard marching towards Gisors, wan in his waie
+the castell of Corselles, & destroied it; [Sidenote: Gisors besieged.]
+that doone, he came to Gisors, and besieged the towne, wasting all the
+countrie round about him where he came. The French king being thus
+troubled with the inuasion of his enimies in two seuerall places at one
+present time, sent certeine bands of his souldiors towards Arras to
+kéepe the earle of Flanders plaie, whilest he himselfe went against king
+Richard: and comming vnto Gisors, found it streictlie besieged of the
+same king, so that he wist not well how to enter the towne. But yet at
+length faigning to giue battell to king Richard (who vpon desire to
+receiue it, came abroad into the field) the French king rushed foorth
+with all his whole force to make towards the towne, [Sidenote: The
+French king entreth into Gisors.] & so got into it, though not without
+great losse and damage of his people.
+
+King Richard not meaning to breake vp his siege from before the towne,
+(notwithstanding the French king had entred it) staied a certeine time
+of purpose to win it, knowing the gaine to be the greater, and his name
+more famous, if he might atchiue his purpose, now that his aduersarie
+was within it, but when he saw it would not be, [Sidenote: K. Richard
+raiseth his siege.] he raised his siege, and departed towards Cleremont,
+spoiling all the countrie by his forrais as he went, so that he wan
+great pillage, wherewith his souldiers were loden and made verie rich.
+
+[Sidenote: Hugh de Cheaumount taken prisoner.] It chanced, that in a
+skirmish Hugh de Chaumount was taken prisoner, one that was of the
+French kings priuie councell; and king Richard appointed him to the
+kéeping of Robert Ros, who charged one of his seruants named William de
+Spinie with the custodie of him. But the said Hugh corrupting his kéeper
+the foresaid William with rewards, (whereof it is said,
+    [Sidenote: _Ouid. in 3. Art. am. ep. 16._]
+         ---- acceptissima semper
+    Munera sunt, author quæ pretiosa facit)
+escaped out of the castell of Bonneuille, where he was within ward, to
+the great displeasure of king Richard, [Sidenote: Robert Rosse put to
+his fine for an escape.] who caused Robert Ros to paie for a fine, the
+summe of twelue hundred marks, which the prisoner should haue paied for
+his ransome: and further, commanded William de Spinie to be hanged for
+his disloiall dealing.
+
+King Philip, after that the king of England was remooued from Gisors (as
+before yée haue heard) assembled a great host, and with banner
+displaied, [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] entred into Normandie, and wasted
+the countrie from Newburge to Beaumont le Rogier, and that doone,
+returned into France, licencing his men to returne vnto their homes.
+[Sidenote: _Nic. Treuet._ The French kings request for a combat.] About
+the same time, he sent vnto king Richard, requiring him to appoint fiue
+champions, and he would appoint other fiue for his part, which might
+fight in lists, for triall of all matters in controuersie betwixt them,
+so to auoid the shedding of more giltlesse bloud. [Sidenote: K. Richards
+answer.] King Richard accepted the offer, with condition, that either
+king might be of the number, that is, the French king one of the fiue
+vpon the French part; & K. Richard one of the fiue vpon the English
+part. But this condition would not be granted. [Sidenote: 1197.]
+Herevpon when shortlie after it was signified to king Richard, that
+ships vsed to come out of England to saint Valerie with victuals,
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] which were sold and conueied awaie vnto the
+French K and other his enimies, he rode to saint Valeries, and set the
+towne on fire, [Sidenote: Ships burnt, and mariners hanged.] and such
+ships of England as he found there he also burnt, and hanged the
+mariners by the necke, diuiding the graine and other victuals which were
+found in the same ships amongst his owne souldiors.
+
+[Sidenote: _Les annales de France._] About the same time he got the
+fauour of them of Champaigne and of the Britons, and William Crespine
+also was constreined to deliuer vnto him the castell of Auge, but the
+French king recouered it by siege, whilest king Richard entring into
+Aluergne wan diuerse castels there, to the number of ten out of king
+Philips hands. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 9.] In the meane time the earle of
+Flanders made sore war against the French king for his part, and
+training the same king within streits, so that he was almost inclosed on
+ech side, he constreined him to agrée to such composition as pleased the
+same earle to appoint, but afterwards the French king refused to stand
+to the couenants of that agréement, and so the warre continued betwixt
+them as before.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ One yeare & 4 moneths saith _Wil. Paruus._] At
+length king Richard and the French king concluded vpon an abstinence of
+warre to indure from the feast of S. Hilarie for one whole yere,
+purposing in the meane time to make a finall peace and agréement. In
+which season Baldwine earle of Flanders came into England to doo his
+deuotions vnto the shrine where Thomas the archbishop laie buried at
+Canturburie. [Sidenote: Griffin king of Wales departed this life.] The
+same yeare also somewhat before this time, Rise ap Griffin king of Wales
+departed this life, after whose death there fell discord betwixt his
+sonnes for the succession, till the archbishop Hubert went to the
+marshes of that countrie and made an agréement betwixt them. Not long
+after, Roger the brother of Robert earle of Leicester, elected bishop of
+saint Andrews in Scotland, receiued the order of préesthood, and was
+consecrated bishop by the hands of the bishop of Aberdine.
+
+[Sidenote: Weights and measures.] This yeare it was ordeined that
+measures of all manner of graine should conteine one quantitie
+throughout the realme, that is to saie, one resonable horsselode, and
+that the measures of wine and ale with all maner of liquors should be of
+one iust quantie according to the diuersitie of the liquor: also that
+weights should be of like rate throughout the relme, and that cloth
+should conteine two yards in breadth within the lists, of perfect
+goodnesse throughout, as well in the middest as by the sides, and that
+one manner of yard should be vsed through the relme. It was also
+ordeined that no merchants within the realme should hang any red or
+blacke clothes before their windowes, nor set vp any pentises or other
+thing whereby to darken the light from those that came to buy their
+cloth, so as they might be deceiued in choosing thereof.
+
+Also it was enacted that there should be foure or six substantiall
+honest men chosen in euerie towne, and likewise in shires, with the head
+officers of cities and boroughes, which had a corporation, to see that
+the assises aforesaid were truelie kept, and that if anie were found to
+be offending in the premisses, to cause their bodies to be attached and
+commited to prison, and their goods to be seized to the kings vse: and
+if those that were chosen to haue regard thereto, were tried to be
+negligent, so that by others, and not by them any offenders chanced to
+be conuicted before the iustices, then should the regarders be put to
+their fines, for the negligent looking to their offices.
+
+[Sidenote: 1198.] King Richard held his Christmasse this yeare at Roan,
+and Hubert the archbishop of Canturburie legat of the apostolike sée,
+named lord chéefe Justice of England, was about the same time in the
+marshes of Wales at Hereford, and there receiued into his hands the
+castels of Hereford, Bridgenorth and Ludlow, remoouing those that had
+the same in kéeping, and appointing others in their roomes. Afterwards
+comming by Couentrie, [Sidenote: Moonks placed againe in the church of
+Couentrie.] he placed the moonks againe in the cathedrall church of that
+citie, by commandement of pope Celestine, and chased out the secular
+canons, which the bishop Hugh Nouant had brought into the same church
+when he remooued the moonks.
+
+[Sidenote: Messengers from the stats of Germanie.] In the Christmasse
+wéeke also there came messengers to Rouen from the archbishops of Cullen
+and Mentz, and from other states of the empire, which declared vnto king
+Richard, that all the princes of Germanie were appointed to assemble at
+Cullen, the two & twentith of Februarie, about the choosing of a new
+emperour, in place of the late deceassed Henrie: and therefore they
+commanded him by force of the oth and league in which he was bound to
+the emperour and empire, that all excuse of deniall or occasions to the
+contrarie ceasing and set apart, he should make his repaire vnto Cullen
+at the aforesaid day, to helpe them in choosing of some worthie
+personage that might and was able to haue the empire. King Richard
+doubting to put himselfe in danger, bicause he had not discharged all
+the debts due for his ransome, staied at home, but yet he sent diuerse
+noble men thither, and did so much in fauour of his nephue Otho, that by
+the helpe of the foresaid two archbishops of Cullen and Mentz, the same
+Otho was elected emperour. But of this matter more shall be said
+hereafter.
+
+[Sidenote: Three hundred knights of men of armes to be found.] Moreouer,
+about the same time king Richard required by the archbishop of
+Canturburie his chéefe iustice, an aid of 300 knights to be found by his
+subiects of England, to remaine with him in his seruice for one whole
+yeare, or else that they would giue him so much monie, as might serue to
+reteine that number after the rate of thrée shillings a daie of English
+monie for euerie knight. [Sidenote: The bishop of Lincolne.] Whereas all
+other were contented to be contributors herein, onelie Hugh bishop of
+Lincolne refused, and spake sore against the archbishop that moued the
+matter. But how soeuer that request tooke place, king Richard (as we
+find) leuied this yeare a subsidie of fiue shillings of euerie hide of
+land within the realme, two commissioners, that is to say, one of the
+spiritualtie, & a knight of the temporaltie, being appointed as
+commissioners in euerie shire, with the assistance of the shiriffe, and
+others, to sée the same assessed & rated after an hundred acres of land
+to the hide of land, according to the custome.
+
+[Sidenote: The moonks of Christes church send to the pope, complaining
+of their archbishop.] The same yeare also the moonks of the house of the
+holie Trinitie, otherwise called Christes church in Canturburie,
+exhibited their complaint vnto pope Innocent, that their archbishop
+Hubert (contrarie to his order and dignitie) exercised the office of
+high iustice, and sate in iudgement of bloud, being so incumbred in
+temporall matters, that he could not haue time to discharge his office
+touching spirituall causes: [Sidenote: The pope sendeth to the king.]
+wherevpon the pope sent vnto king Richard, admonishing him not to suffer
+the said archbishop to be any longer troubled with temporall affaires,
+but to discharge him thereof, and not to admit any spirituall person
+from thencefoorth vnto any temporall administration.
+
+He further prohibited by vertue of their obedience, all manner of
+prelats and men of the church, that they should not presume rashlie to
+take vpon them any maner of secular function or office. Whervpon the
+archbishop was discharged of his office of chéefe iustice, and Geffrey
+Fitz Peter succéeded in gouernement of the realme in his stéed.
+¶ Geruasius Dorobernensis saith, that the archbishop resigned that
+office of his owne accord, and that not till after his returne from the
+marshes of Wales, where he had ouerthrowne the Welshmen, and slaine fiue
+thousand of them. Which victorie other ascribe vnto Geffrey Fitz Peter,
+which Geffrey (as the said Dorobernensis saith) succeeded the archbishop
+in the office of lord cheefe iustice, but not vntill August, in the
+tenth yeare of the kings reigne.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 10.] In this yeare, immediatlie vpon the expiring of
+the truce which was taken till haruest might be ended, the warre betwixt
+the two kings of England & France began eftsoones to be pursued with
+like earnestnesse as before: wherevpon manie encounters chanced betwixt
+the parties, with taking of townes and fortresses, as commonlie in such
+cases it happeneth. Twise the French king was put to the worsse, once in
+September betwixt Gamages and Vernon, where he was driuen to saue
+himselfe by flight, loosing twentie knights, and thréescore seruitors or
+yomen, which were taken, besides those that were slaine: and againe, in
+the same moneth on Michaelmasse euen betwixt Curseilles and Gisors, at
+what time he came to succour Curseilles, bringing with him 400 knights,
+besides seruitors, and a great multitude of commons. But the castell was
+woone before he could approch it.
+
+King Richard being aduertised of his comming, hasted foorth to méet him,
+and giuing the onset vpon him, forced him to flée vnto Gisors, where at
+the entring of the bridge there was such preasse, that the bridge brake,
+so that amongst other, [Sidenote: King Philip almost drowned.] the king
+himselfe with his horsse and all fell into the riuer of Geth, and with
+much adoo was releeued, and got out of the water, no small number of
+right hardie and valiant gentlemen being taken at the same time, which
+put themselues forward to staie the Englishmen, till the king was
+recouered out of the present danger. To conclude, there were taken to
+the number of an hundred knights, [Sidenote: Seuen score saith _R.
+Houed._ _Matth. Paris._ _R. Houed._] and two hundred barded horsses,
+besides seruitors on horssebacke, and footmen with crossebowes. Amongst
+other prisoners these are named, Matthew de Montmorancie, Gales de
+Ports, Iollen de Bray, and manie other also innumerable. King Richard
+hauing got this victorie, wrote letters thereof vnto the archbishops,
+bishops, abbats, earles and barons of his realme, that they might praise
+God for his good successe.
+
+¶ A notable example to all princes that haue the conquest ouer their
+enimies, to referre the happie getting thereof to God, and to giue
+praise vnto him who giueth victorie vnto whom it pleaseth him. Which the
+Psalmograph saw verie well, and therefore ascribed all the issue of his
+prosperous affaires to God, as may well be noted by his words, saieng
+expresselie,
+    [Sidenote: _Eob. Hess. in Psal. 144._]
+                 ---- ab illo
+    Munior, hic instar turris & arcis erat,
+    Dura manus in bella meas qui format & armat,
+    Ad fera qui digitos instruit arma meos.
+
+Now will we staie the proceedings of the king of France at this time,
+and make no further relation thereof for a while, till we haue touched
+other things that happened in England at the same season. And first ye
+shall vnderstand, that Hugh Bardolfe, Roger Arundell, and Geffrey
+Hachet, to whom as iustices, the counties of Lincolne, Notingham, Yorke,
+Derbie, Northumberland, Westmerland, Cumberland, and Lancaster were
+appointed for circuits, held not onelie plées of assises, and of the
+crowne, [Sidenote: Inquisitions taken.] but also tooke inquisitions of
+escheats, and forfaitures of all maner of transgressions, and of
+donations of benefices, of marriages of widowes and maids, and other
+such like things as apperteined to the king, whereby any aduantages grew
+to his vse, the which for tediousnesse we passe ouer. These things were
+streightlie looked vnto, not without the disquieting of manie.
+
+Herewith came an other trouble in the necke of this former, to diuerse
+persons within the realme, through inquiries taken by the iustices of
+the forrests: for Hugh Neuille, Hugh Waley, and Heruisius Neuill,
+appointed iustices itinerants in that case, were commanded by the king
+to call before them archbishops, bishops, earles, barons, knights, and
+fréeholders, with the reeue, and foure of the substantiall men of euerie
+towne or village, to heare and take knowledge of the kings commandement,
+[Sidenote: Ordinances of forrests.] touching the ordinances of forrests,
+the which were verie straight in sundrie points, so that whereas before
+those that offended in killing of the kings deere were punished by the
+purse, now they should loose their eies and genitals, as the lawe was in
+the daies of king Henrie his grandfather: and those that offended in
+cutting downe woods or bushes, or in digging and deluing vp of turues
+and clods, or by any other maner of waie made waste and distruction in
+woods or grasse, or spoile of venison, within the precinct of the
+forrests, contrarie to order, they should be put to their fines.
+
+[Sidenote: Préests to be arrested offending in forrests.] He gaue
+commandement also, that it should be lawful to the forresters to take
+and put vnder arrest, as well préests and those of the cleargie, as
+temporall men, being found offendors in forrest grounds and chases.
+Manie other ordinances were decréed touching the preseruation of
+forrests, and the kings prerogatiue, aduantages and profits rising and
+growing by the same, as well for sauing of his woods and wasts, as in
+pannage and agistements, greatlie to the restraint of them that might
+vsurpe or incroch vpon the grounds within the compasse of his forrests.
+
+Ye haue heard before, how the moonks of Canturburie did send to exhibit
+a complaint to the pope, for that their archbishop tooke vpon him to
+deale in exercise of matters belonging to a temporall man, [Sidenote:
+_Ger. Dor._] and not to such a one as had rule ouer the spiritualtie:
+but this was not the cause that did gréeue them so much, as that he went
+forward with the erection of that church at Lameth, which his
+predecessor archbishop Baldwine had first begun at Haketon, now called
+S. Stephans (as before ye haue heard) and after was driuen through the
+importunate suit of the moonks to leaue off, and race that which he had
+there begun, to obeie the popes pleasure: [Sidenote: The church of
+Lameth.] and after laid a new foundation at Lameth.
+
+The moonks of Canturburie therefore still fearing least that church
+should greatlie preiudice such rights and liberties, as they pretended,
+namlie in the election of their archbishop, would neuer rest, but still
+complained and followed their suit in most obstinate maner in the court
+of Rome, as well in the daies of the said Baldwine, as now against
+Hubert, (when he tooke in hand to continue the worke according to the
+purpose of his predecessour the said Baldwine, which was to haue
+instituted a colledge there, and to haue placed secular canons in the
+same) and such was the earnest trauell of the moonks herein, that in the
+end now after the deceasse of pope Celestine, they found such fauour at
+the hands of pope Innocent his successor, that the same Innocent
+directed his letters of cōmandement to the archbishop, and other bishops
+of this land, [Sidenote: The pope cōmandeth the church of Lameth to be
+raced.] to destroie and race the same foundation, as a péece of worke
+derogatorie to the sée of Canturburie, and verie preiudiciall to the
+estate of holie church.
+
+The archbishop at the first trusted to be borne out by the king (who was
+highlie offended with the moonks for their presumptuous dealing) and
+therefore refused to obeie the popes commandement. The king in deed
+stomached the matter so highlie, that he sent letters vnto the moonks by
+no worsse messengers than by Geffrey Fitz Peter, and Hugh Fitz Bardolfe
+his iustices, signifieng to them not onelie his high displeasure for
+their presumptuous proceedings in their suit without his consent, but
+also commanding them to surceasse, and not to procéed further in the
+matter by virtue of any such the popes letters, which they had purchased
+contrarie to the honour and dignitie of his crowne and realme. Moreouer,
+he wrote to the bishops, commanding them to appeale; and to the
+archbishop, forbidding him in any wise to breake downe the church which
+he had so builded at Lameth.
+
+[Sidenote: The presumtuous stoutnesse of the moonks.] The shiriffe of
+Kent also was commanded to seize into his hands all the tenements and
+possessions that belonged to the moonks (a frie of satan and as one
+saith verie well of them and the like leuen of lewdnesse,
+    ---- sentina malorum,
+    Agnorum sub pelle lupi, mercede colentes
+    Non pietate Deum, &c.)
+who neuer the lesse were so stout in that quarell, that they would not
+prolong one daie of the time appointed by the pope for the racing of
+that church. Herevpon the king for his part and the bishops in their
+owne behalfes wrote to the pope. Likewise the abbats of Boxeley, Fourd,
+Stratford, Roberts-bridge, Stanlie, and Basing Warke, wrote the matter
+to him: and againe the pope and the cardinals wrote to the king, to the
+archbishops, and bishops: and so letters passed to and fro, till at
+length the pope sent a Nuncio of purpose, to signifie his full
+determination, as in the next yeare it shall be shewed at full.
+
+[Sidenote: Welshmen vanquished. _Ger. Dor._ ascribeth this victorie vnto
+Hubert archb. of Canturburie and saith there were slaine about 500 of
+the enimies.] About the same time Geffrey Fitz Peter, lord cheefe
+iustice of England, raised a power of men, and went into Wales to
+succour the tenants of William de Brause, which were besieged of the
+king, or rather prince of that countrie, named Owen, the brother of
+Cadwalaine, [Sidenote: Mauds castle.] in Mauds castell: but the lord
+chéefe iustice comming to the reskue of them within, gaue battell to the
+aduersaries, and vanquishing them slue three thousand of them, and
+seauen hundred of those that were taken prisoners and wounded. And all
+the while the warres continued in France, the losse for the most part
+still redounded to the Frenchmen. Earle John burnt Newburg, and tooke
+eighteene knights of such as were sent to the reskue.
+
+[Sidenote: The earle of Leicester.] The earle of Leicester with a small
+companie came before the castell of Pascie, which (although the
+Frenchmen held it) did yet of right belong vnto the said earle. The
+souldiors within issued foorth, and being too strong for the earle,
+caused him to flee, for otherwise he had béene taken. But returning on
+the morrow after with more companie about him, and laieng ambushes for
+the enimie, he approched the said castell, and trained the Frenchmen
+foorth till he had them within his danger, and then causing his men to
+breake out vpon them tooke an eightéene knights, and a great multitude
+of other people. [Sidenote: Marchades.] Also Marchades with his rout of
+Brabanders did the Frenchmen much hurt, in robbing and spoiling the
+countries.
+
+About this season the archbishop of Canturburie went ouer into Normandie
+to speake with king Richard, and at the French kings request he passed
+into France, to common with him of peace, which the French king offered
+to conclude, in restoring all the townes and castels which he had taken
+(Gisors onelie excepted) and touching the possession and title thereof,
+he was contented to put the matter in compremise, to the order and award
+of six barons in Normandie to be named by him; and of six barons in
+France which king Richard should name. But king Richard would not thus
+agrée, except the earle of Flanders and others which had forsaken the
+French king to take his part, might be comprised in the same peace. At
+length yet in Nouember, there was truce taken betwixt the two kings till
+the feast of S. Hilarie next insuing.
+
+In the meane time pope Innocent the third, vnderstanding in what present
+danger things stood in the holie land, and on the other side,
+considering what a weakening it was vnto christendome, to haue these two
+kings thus to warre with mortall hatred one against the other:
+[Sidenote: A truce taken betwixt the two kings.] he thought it stood him
+vpon to trauell betwixt them, to bring them vnto some peace and
+agreement. Héerevpon he dispatched one Peter the cardinall of Capua into
+France, as legat from the sée of Rome, vnto the two foresaid kings, to
+instruct them in what present danger the state of the christians in Asia
+presentlie stood, so that without the aid of them and of other christian
+princes, it could not be holpen, but needs it must come to vtter ruine,
+and the Saracens yer long to be possessed of the whole. Therefore both
+in respect hereof, and also for the auoiding of the further wilfull
+spilling of christian bloud in such ciuill[17] and vngodlie warre, he
+besought them to staie their hands, and to ioine in some fréendlie band
+of concord, whereby they might with mutuall consent bestow their seruice
+in that necessarie and most godlie warre, wherein by ouercomming the
+enimies of Christ, they might looke for worthie reward at his hands,
+which is the frée giuer of all victories.[18]
+
+[Sidenote: 1199.] The cardinall comming into France, and dooing his
+message in most earnest wise, was present at the interuiew appointed
+betwixt the two kings in the feast of S. Hilarie, but yet could not he
+bring his purpose to full effect: [Sidenote: _R. Houed._ A truce
+concluded for fiue yeares.] onelie he procured them to take truce for
+the term of fiue yeares, farther he could not get them to agrée. ¶ The
+fault by authors is ascribed aswell to king Richard, as to king Philip:
+for king Richard being first euill vsed, and put to hinderance,
+determined either to vanquish, or neuer to giue place.
+
+This forbearance from warre was concluded and taken in the yeare 1199
+after the incarnation, and tenth of king Richards reigne. But
+immediatlie after, there arose matter of new displeasure betwixt these
+two kings to kéepe their minds in vre with secret grudges, though by
+reason of the truce they outwardlie absteined from declaring it by force
+of armes. [Sidenote: Contention about the choosing of the emperour.] It
+chanced that in the election of a new emperour, the electors could not
+agrée, one part of them choosing Otho duke of Saxonie, nephue to king
+Richard by his sister Maud, and another part of them naming Philip duke
+of Tuscaine, and brother to the last emperour Henrie.
+
+King Richard (as reason was) did procure what fauour he could to the
+furtherance of his nephue Otho: and king Philip on the contrarie part,
+did what he could in fauour of the foresaid Philip. At length Otho was
+admitted by the pope to end the strife: but yet the grudge remained in
+the harts of the two kings: Philip finding himselfe much gréeued in that
+he had missed his purpose, and Richard being as little pleased for that
+he had woone his so hardlie, and with so much adoo. And thus matters
+passed for that yeare.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ The popes letters to the king for the church of
+Lameth.] In the beginning of the next, the popes Nuncio came with
+letters, not onlie to the archbishop and bishops of England, but also to
+the king himselfe, signifieng the popes resolute decree touching the
+church and colledge of Lameth to be broken downe and suppressed.
+Wherevpon the king and archbishop (though sore against their willes)
+when they saw no waie longer to shift off the matter, yéelded to the
+popes pleasure: and so the archbishop sent his letters to Lameth, where
+the 21 daie of Januarie they were read, and the 27 daie of the same
+moneth was the church cast downe, & the canons which were alreadie these
+placed, had commandement to depart from thence without further delaie.
+[Sidenote: The moonks borne out by the pope.] Thus the moonks in dispite
+of the king and archbishop had their willes, but yet their vexation
+ceassed not, for the king and archbishop bearing them no small euill
+will, for that they had so obteined their purpose contrarie to their
+minds and intents, molested them diuerse waies, although the moonks
+still vpon complaint to the pope, were verie much releeued, and found
+great freendship both with him and likewise with his court. ¶ So that it
+may be obserued that these dishclouts of the popes kitchen haue in all
+ages, since their first quickening béene troublesome and mutinous,
+sawcie and insolent, proud[19] and malapert. But,
+    [Sidenote: _M. Pal. in suo sag._]
+    Proh pudor! hos tolerare potest ecclesia porcos,
+    Cùm sint lasciui nimiùm, nimiúmq; superbi,
+    Duntaxàt ventri, veneri somnóq; vacantes?
+
+In this meane time, king Richard being now at rest from troubles of
+warre, studied busilie to prouide monie, meaning to make a new voiage
+into the holie land. Therefore finding himselfe beare of treasure, by
+reason of the French warres had emptied his cofers, [Sidenote: A tax.
+Fiue shillings of euerie plough land, as saith _Matt. Westm._] he set a
+great tax vpon his subiects, and by that meanes, hauing recouered a
+great summe, he builded that notable strong castell in Normandie, vpon
+the banke of the riuer of Saine, [Sidenote: Chasteau Galiard built.]
+named Chateau Galiard: which when it was finished he fell a iesting
+thereat and said; "Behold, is not this a faire daughter of one yeares
+growth." The soile where this castell was builded, belonged to the
+archbishop of Rouen, for which there followed great strife betwixt the
+king and the archbishop, till the pope tooke vp the matter (as before ye
+haue heard.)
+
+After this, he determined to chastise certeine persons in Poictou, which
+during the warres betwixt him and the French king, had aided the
+Frenchmen against him: wherevpon with an armie he passed foorth towards
+them, but by the waie he was informed, that one Widomer a vicount in the
+countrie of Britaine, had found great treasure: [Sidenote: Images of an
+emperour and of his wife & children all of fine gold. The annales of
+Aquitaine.] and therefore pretending a right thereto by vertue of his
+prerogatiue, he sent for the vicount, who smelling out the matter, and
+supposing the king would not be indifferent in parting the treasure,
+fled into Limosin, where although the people were tributaries to the
+king of England, yet they tooke part with the French king.
+
+[Sidenote: Chalus Cheuerell. _R. Houed._] There is a towne in that
+countrie called Chalus Cheuerell, into which the said vicount retired
+for safegard of himselfe, and then gaue the townesmen a great portion of
+treasure, to the end they should defend him and his quarell for the
+rest. King Richard still following him, as one that could not auoid his
+fatall ordinance, hasted into the confines of Limosin, fullie
+determining either to win the towne by force, if the inhabitants should
+make resistance, or at leastwise, to get into his hands the preie, which
+he so earnestlie pursued. [Sidenote: K. Richard besiegeth Chalus.] At
+his first approch he gaue manie fierce assaults to the towne, but they
+within hauing throughlie prouided aforehand for to defend a siege, so
+resisted his attempts, that within thrée daies after his comming, he
+ceassed to assaile the towne, meaning to vndermine the walles, which
+otherwise he perceiued would verie hardlie be gotten; considering the
+stoutnesse of them within, and withall, the naturall strength and
+situation of the place it selfe.
+
+Herevpon therefore on the 26 of March, whiles he (togither with capteine
+Marchades) went about vnaduisedlie to view the towne (the better to
+consider the place which waie he might conueie the course of his mine)
+they came so farre within danger, [Sidenote: He is wounded.] that the
+king was stricken in the left arme, or (as some write) in the shoulder,
+where it ioined to the necke, with a quarell inuenomed (as is to be
+supposed by the sequele.) [Sidenote: _Ra. Niger._] Being thus wounded,
+he gat to his horsse, and rode home againe to his lodging, where he
+caused the wound to be searched and bound vp, and as a man nothing
+dismaid therewith, continued his siege with such force and assurance,
+that within 12 daies after the mishap, the towne was yéelded vnto him,
+although verie little treasure (to make any great accompt of) was at
+that time found therein.
+
+In this meane season, the king had committed the cure of his wound to
+one of Marchades his surgions, who taking in hand to plucke out the
+quarell, drew foorth onelie the shaft at the first[20], and left the
+iron still within, and afterwards going about most vnskilfullie to get
+foorth the head of the said quarell, he vsed such incisions, and so
+mangled the kings arme, yer he could cut it, [Sidenote: The king
+despaired of life.] that he himself despaired of all helpe and longer
+life, affirming flatlie to such as stood about him, that he could not
+long continue by reason of his butcherlie handling. To be short féeling
+himselfe to wax weaker and weaker, preparing his mind to death, which he
+perceiued now to be at hand, [Sidenote: He ordeineth his testament.] he
+ordeined his testament, or rather reformed and added sundrie things vnto
+the same which he before had made, at the time of his gooing foorth
+towards the holie land.
+
+Vnto his brother Iohn he assigned the crowne of England, and all other
+his lands and dominions, causing the Nobles there present to sweare
+fealtie vnto him. [Sidenote: _R. Houed._] His monie, his iewels, and all
+other his goods mooueable he willed to be diuided into thrée parts, of
+the which Otho the emperor his sisters sonne to haue one, his houshold
+seruants an other part, and the third to be distributed to the poore.
+Finallie remembring himselfe also of the place of his buriall, he
+commanded that his bodie should be interred at Fonteurard at his fathers
+feet, [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] but he willed his heart to be conueied
+vnto Rouen, and there buried, in testimonie of the loue which he had
+euer borne vnto that citie for the stedfast faith and tried loialtie at
+all times found in the citizens there. His bowels he ordeined to be
+buried in Poictiers, as in a place naturallie vnthankefull and not
+worthie to reteine any of the more honorable parts of his bodie.
+
+Moreouer he caused the arcubalistar that wounded him, to be sought out,
+whose name was Barthram de Garden[21], or Peter Basill (for so he named
+himselfe as some write) who being brought before the king, [Sidenote:
+_Rog. Houed._] he demanded wherein he had so much offended him, that he
+should so lie in wait to slea him, rather than Marchades, who was then
+in his companie, and attendant on his person? The other answered boldlie
+againe, saieng; "I purposed to kill thee, bicause thou sluest my father,
+and two of my brethren heretofore, and wouldest also now haue slaine me,
+if I had happened to fall into thy hands. Wherefore I intended to
+reuenge their deaths, not caring in the meane time what became of my
+selfe, so that I might in anie wise obteine my will of thée, who in such
+sort hast bereft me of my freends." The king harkening vnto his words,
+and pondering his talke by good aduisement, [Sidenote: A notable example
+of forgiuing an enimie. _Matth. Paris._] fréelie pardoned him, and
+withall commanded that he should be set at libertie, and thereto haue an
+hundred shillings giuen him in his pursse, and so to be let go.
+Moreouer, he gaue strait charge that no[22] man should hurt him, or séeke
+any reuenge for this his death hereafter. Thus the penitent prince not
+onelie forgaue, but also rewarded his aduersarie. Howbeit after his
+deceasse, Marchades getting him into his hands, first caused the skin to
+be stripped off his bodie, and after hanged him on a gibit.
+
+[Sidenote: King Richard departed this life.] At length king Richard by
+force of sicknesse (increased with anguish of his incurable wound)
+departed this life, on the tuesdaie before Palmesundaie, being the ninth
+of Aprill, and the xj. daie after he was hurt, in the yeare after the
+birth of our Sauiour 1199. in the 44 yeare of his age, and after he had
+reigned nine yeares, nine moneths, and od daies: he left no issue behind
+him. [Sidenote: His stature & shape of bodie. _Gal. Vinsaf._] He was
+tall of stature, and well proportioned, faire and comelie of face, so as
+in his countenance appeared much fauour and grauitie, of haire bright
+aborne, as it were betwixt red and yellow, with long armes, and nimble
+in all his ioints his thighes and legs were of due proportion, and
+answerable to the other parts of his bodie.
+
+[Sidenote: His disposition of mind.] As he was comelie of personage, so
+was he of stomach more couragious and fierce, so that not without cause,
+he obteined the surname of Cueur de lion, that is to saie, The lions
+hart. Moreouer he was courteous to his souldiors, and towards his
+fréends and strangers that resorted vnto him verie liberall, but to his
+enimies hard and not to be intreated, desirous of battell, an enimie to
+rest and quietnesse, verie eloquent of speech and wise, but readie to
+enter into ieopardies, and that without feare or forecast in time of
+greatest perils.
+
+[Sidenote: The vices that were in king Richard.] These were his vertuous
+qualities, but his vices (if his vertues, his age, and the wars which he
+mainteined were throughlie weied) were either none at all, or else few
+in number, and not verie notorious. He was noted of the common people to
+be partlie subiect vnto pride, which surelie for the most part foloweth
+stoutnesse of mind: of incontinencie, to the which his youth might
+happilie be somewhat bent: and of couetousnesse, into the which infamie
+most captieins and such princes as commonlie follow the warres doo
+oftentimes fall, when of the necessitie they are driuen to exact monie,
+as well of fréends as enimies, to mainteine the infinit charges of their
+wars.
+
+Hereof it came, that on a time whiles he soiourned in France about his
+warres, which he held against K. Philip, [Sidenote: Fulco a préest.]
+there came vnto him a French préest whose name was Fulco, who required
+the K. in any wise to put from him thrée abhominable daughters which he
+had, and to bestow them in marriage, least God punished him for them.
+Thou liest hypocrite (said the king) to thy verie face, for all the
+world knoweth that I haue not one daughter. I lie not (said the préest)
+for thou hast thrée daughters, one of them is called pride, the second
+couetousnesse, and the third lecherie. With that the king, called to him
+his lords & barons, and said to them; "This hypocrite heere hath
+required me to marrie awaie my thrée daughters, which (as he saith) I
+cherish, nourish, foster and mainteine, that is to say pride,
+couetousnesse, and lecherie. And now that I haue found out necessarie &
+fit husbands for them, I will doo it with effect, and seeke no more
+delaies. I therefore bequeath my pride to the high minded templers and
+hospitallers, which are as proud as Lucifer himselfe. My couetousnesse I
+giue vnto the white moonks, otherwise called of the Cisteaux order, for
+they couet the diuell and all. My lecherie I commit to the prelates of
+the church, who haue most pleasure and felicitie therein."
+
+[Sidenote: Baldwine & Hubert archbishops of Canturburie.] There liued in
+the daies of this king Richard, men of worthie fame amongst those of the
+cleargie, Baldwine archbishop of Canturburie, and Hubert who succeeded
+him in that sée, also Hugh bishop of Lincolne, a man for his worthinesse
+of life highlie to be commended. Moreouer, William bishop of Elie, who
+though otherwise he was to be dispraised for his ambition and pompous
+hautinesse, yet the king vsed his seruice for a time greatlie to his
+profit and aduancement of the publike affaires. Also of learned men we
+find diuerse in these daies that flourished here in this land, as
+Baldwine of Deuonshire that came to the bishop of Worcester in this
+kings time, and after his deceasse, he was aduanced to the gouernment of
+the archbishops sée of Canturburie, who wrote diuerse treatises, namelie
+of matters perteining to diuinitie. [Sidenote: _Iohn Bales._] Daniell
+Morley well seene in the Mathematicals, Iohn de Hexam, and Richard de
+Hexham two notable historicians; Guilielmus Stephanides a moonke of
+Canturburie, who wrote much in the praise of archbishop Becket. Beside
+these, we find one Richard, that was an abbat of the order
+Premonstratensis, Richard Diuisiensis, Nicholas Walkington, Robert de
+Bello Foco, an excellent philosopher, &c. ¶ See Bale in his third
+Centurie.
+
+In martiall renowme there flourished in this kings daies diuerse noble
+capteines, as Robert earle of Leicester, Ranulfe de Fulgiers, two of the
+Bardulphes, Hugh and Henrie, thrée Williams, Marshall, Brunell, and
+Mandeuill, with two Roberts, Ros and Sabeuile. [Sidenote: A great
+derth.] Furthermore, I find that in the daies of this king Richard, a
+great derth reigned in England, and also in France, for the space of
+three or foure yeares during the wars betwéene him & king Philip, so
+that after his returne out of Germanie, and from imprisonment, a quarter
+of wheat was sold at 18 shillings eight pence, no small price in those
+daies, if you consider the alay of monie then currant.
+
+Also immediatlie after, that is to say, in the yeare of our Lord, a
+thousand, one hundred, nintie six, which was about the seuenth yere of
+the said kings reigne, [Sidenote: A great mortalitie of people. _Wil.
+Paruus._] there followed a maruellous sore death, which dailie consumed
+such numbers of people, that scarse there might be found any to kéepe
+and looke to those that were sicke, or to burie them that died. Which
+sickenesse was a pestilentiall feuer or sharpe burning ague. The
+accustomed manner of buriall was also neglected: so that in manie places
+they made great pits, and threw their dead bodies into the same, one
+vpon an other. For the multitude of them that died was such, that they
+could not haue time to make for euerie one a seuerall graue. This
+mortalitie continued for the space of fiue or six months, and at length
+ceassed in the cold season of winter.
+
+[Sidenote: Two sunnes.] In the octaues of Pentecost before this great
+death, in the first houre of the day, there appeared two sunnes, the
+true sunne & another, as it were a counterfeit sunne: but so
+apparentlie, that hard it was to the common people, to discerne the one
+from the other. The skilfull also were compelled by instruments to
+distinguish the one from the other: in taking their altitudes and
+places, whereby in the end they found the new apparition, as it were, to
+wait vpon the planet, and so continued by the space of certeine houres.
+At length when the beholders (of whom Wil. Paruus that recorded things
+in that age was one) had well wearied their eies in diligent marking the
+maner of this strange appearance, the counterfeit sunne vanished awaie.
+
+¶ This strange woonder was taken for a signification of that which
+followed, that is to say, of war, famine and pestilence: or to say the
+truth, it betokened rather the continuance of two of those mischiefs.
+For warre and famine had sore afflicted the people before that time, and
+as yet ceassed not: but as for the pestilence, it began soone after the
+strange sight, whereof insued such effect, as I haue alreadie rehearsed.
+
+
+     Thus farre king Richard.
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's notes
+
+There are no footnotes in the original. The original spelling and
+punctuation have been retained, with the exception of obvious errors
+which have been corrected by reference to the 1587 edition of which
+the original is a transcription.
+
+[1] Original reads 'where'; corrected to 'were'.
+
+[2] Original reads 'whith'; corrected to 'with'.
+
+[3] Original reads 'were'; corrected to 'where'.
+
+[4] Original reads 'be Camuille'; corrected to 'de Camuille'.
+
+[5] Original reads 'which tossed them them'; corrected to
+    'which tossed them'.
+
+[6] Original reads 'connterfet'; corrected to 'counterfet'.
+
+[7] Original reads 'holié'; corrected to 'holie'.
+
+[8] Original reads 'easile'; corrected to 'easilie'.
+
+[9] Original reads 'forfied'; corrected to 'fortified'.
+
+[10] Original reads 'wearie dwith'; corrected to 'wearied with'.
+
+[11] Original reads 'Houden'; corrected to 'Houeden'.
+
+[12] Original reads 'a might bréed as'; corrected to 'as might bréed a'
+
+[13] Original reads 'Lancastsr'; corrected to 'Lancaster'.
+
+[14] Original reads "de' Rancin"; corrected to "de Rancin".
+
+[15] Original reads 'aud'; corrected to 'and'.
+
+[16] Original reads 'wherepon'; corrected to 'wherevpon'.
+
+[17] Original reads 'eiuill'; corrected to 'ciuill'.
+
+[18] Original reads 'victories,'; corrected to 'victories.'.
+
+[19] Original reads 'insolent,ro ud'; corrected to 'insolent, proud'.
+
+[20] Original reads 'at he first'; corrected to 'at the first'.
+
+[21] Original reads 'be Garden'; corrected to 'de Garden'.
+
+[22] Original reads 'that no no'; corrected to 'that no'.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and
+Ireland (2 of 6): England (6 of 12), by Raphael Holinshed
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