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diff --git a/16761-0.txt b/16761-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ea39c5a --- /dev/null +++ b/16761-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7030 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland +(2 of 6): England (5 of 12), by Raphael Holinshed + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland (2 of 6): England (5 of 12) + Henrie the Second + +Author: Raphael Holinshed + +Release Date: September 27, 2005 [EBook #16761] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Louise Pryor and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + +HENRIE THE SECOND, + +The Second Sonne of Geffrey Plantagenet. + + +[Sidenote: An. Reg. 1.] Henrie the second of that name, a French man +borne, the second sonne of Geffrey Plantagenet earle of Aniou, begotten +of Maud the empresse, daughter to Henrie the first, [Sidenote: 1154.] +began his reigne ouer England the fiue and twentith of October, in the +yeare after the creation of the world 5121. and in the yeare after the +incarnation of our sauiour 1154. about the beginning of the third yeare +of the emperour Frederike the first, the second of pope Anastasius the +fourth, the seuenteenth yeare of Lewes the seuenth king of France, and +second of Malcolme then king of Scotland. Immediatlie after he was +aduertised of the death of king Stephan, he came ouer into England, +landing at Ostreham about the seuenth day of December. [Sidenote: _N. +Triuet._ _Matth. Paris._] After he had got his companies togither, which +by tempest were scattered in his passage, he came first to Winchester, +where he receiued homage and fealtie of the Nobles of the realme +resorting vnto him. This doone he set foorth towards London, where he +was crowned king by Theobald archbishop of Canturburie the twentith daie +of December. + +[Sidenote: _N. Triuet._ The archbishop of Rouen.] The archbishop of +Rouen, with thrée of his suffragans, the archbishop of Yorke, and manie +other bishops of England: Theodorus the earle of Flanders, with a great +number of other earles, lords and barons were present there at his +coronation. [Sidenote: _Polydor._] He was at that time about the age of +three and twentie yeares, and to win the peoples loue, he spake manie +comfortable words vnto them, to put them in hope (as the manner is) that +they should find him a louing prince. He vsed the lords also verie +courteouslie. [Sidenote: Councellers chosen.] And first of all, after +his attéining to the crowne, he chose to him councellers of the grauest +personages, and best learned in the lawes of the realme, with whose +prudent aduice he perused those lawes, and amended them where he thought +necessarie, commanding chieflie, [Sidenote: _Ran. Higd._] that the lawes +established by his grandfather Henrie the first should be obserued: +[Sidenote: Thom. Becket lord chancellor] and in manie things he relied +vpon the aduice of Theobald archbishop of Canturburie, at whose sute he +admitted Thomas Becket to be his chancellour, which Becket the said +archbishop had made archdeacon of Canturburie the yeare before. + +Moreouer, by the sentence and doome of his councellers, to the intent +that peace and quiet order might take place, and be the better +mainteined, [Sidenote: An. Reg. 2. 1155] he commanded by waie of +publishing a proclamation, [Sidenote: _Nic. Triuet._ _Polydor._ _Wil. +Paruus._ Strangers appointed to depart the realme. Aliens auoid the +land.] that all strangers (which to get somwhat by the wars had flocked +into the realme, during the time of the ciuill discord betweene him and +king Stephan) shuld depart home without further delaie: wherefore he +appointed them a daie, before the which they should auoid vpon perill +that might insue. It was a worlds woonder to sée and marke how suddenlie +these aliens were quite vanished, as though they had béene phantasmes. +Their abiding here was nothing profitable to the subiects of the realme, +as they that were accustomed to attempt one shrewd turne vpon an others +necke, and thought it lawfull for them so to doo. Amongst them was a +great number of Flemings, whom the king hated more than the residue. + +[Sidenote: William de Ypres.] By vertue also of this edict, William of +Ypres, whom king Stephan (as ye haue heard) had made earle of Kent, was +constreined with others to depart the realme, king Henrie seizing all +his possessions into his owne hands. [Sidenote: Castels ouerthrowne. +_Polydor._ _Matth. Paris._] Diuerse castels were throwne downe and made +plaine with the ground at the kings commandement, which priuate men by +king Stephans permission had builded, or else for that they stood not in +such places as was thought meet and expedient; [Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._ +_Matth. Paris._] yet some he caused to be fortified: and furthermore, +tooke into his hands againe such lands and possessions as apperteined to +the crowne, and were alienated vnto any manner of person, of what degrée +so euer he was. This wounded the minds of many with an inward grudge, as +well enough perceiuing that the king would looke so néere to his owne +commoditie, that nothing should be left for them that might any way be +recouered and gotten to his vse. + +In this yere queene Elianor being then in the citie of London, on the +last of Februarie was deliuered of hir second sonne named Henrie. +[Sidenote: _N. Triuet._ _Matth. Paris._ _Matth. West._ William Peuerell +disherited.] About the same time also, William Peuerell of Notingham a +noble man and of great possessions was disherited by the king for +sorcerie and witchcraft[1], which he had practised to kill Ranulfe earle +of Chester, as it was reuealed openlie, and brought to light. In +accomplishing of which hainous crime and detestable act, many others +were of counsell, and found giltie with him, which escaped not +vnpunished. + +[Sidenote: _Nic. Treuet._] On the tenth of Aprill, king Henrie assembled +the péeres & great lords of his realme togither at Wallingford, and +caused them to sweare allegiance vnto his eldest sonne William: +[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _Nic. Treuet._ Hugh de Mortimer. The castell +of Cleberie.] prouiding, that if he chanced to die, then they should doo +the like vnto his brother Henrie. Also whereas Hugh de Mortimer had +fensed his castels against king Henrie, he besieged the same, and taking +the castell of Cleberie, he destroied it. Wherevpon, the foresaid Hugh +shortlie after was at peace with the king, and surrendred to him the two +castels of Wigmore and Bridgenorth, which hitherto he had holden. +[Sidenote: Roger Fitz Miles.] Moreouer, whereas there was variance +kindled betwixt the king, and Roger Fitz Miles of Glocester (who was +earle of Hereford) for the lands of Glocester, that variance was also +quenched: for after the same Roger was dead, his brother Walter +succeeding him in the earldome of Hereford, was constreined to depart +with the citie of Glocester, which the king held and reteined in his +owne hands. + +[Sidenote: An. Reg. 2.] In the second yeare of his reigne, [Sidenote: +The king goeth into the north.] king Henrie went to Yorke, and in that +countrie tooke into his hands diuers castels which had béene long in +possession of priuate men; [Sidenote: The castell of Scarborough.] +namelie, the castell of Scarborough, which William earle of Albemarle +held, and now was constreined to resign it vp, full sore against his +will. [Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._ _Nic. Treuet._ The death of the kings +son William.] This yeare William the kings eldest sonne departed this +life, and was buried at Reading. The realme of England was brought on +all sides into verie good quiet; [Sidenote: Geffrey the kings brother +rebelleth.] but yer long, word came to K. Henrie, that his brother +Geffrey had begun a rebellion on the other side of the sea. For their +father Geffrey (when he died) left thrée sonnes behind him, Henrie, +Geffrey, and William, ordeining by his testament, when Henrie should +haue gotten possession of England and Normandie, that then the countrie +of Aniou should remaine vnto Geffrey, and in the meane time, he to haue +these three townes, Chinon, Lodun, and Mirabell, to mainteine his +estate; and when the time came that the whole heritage should fall vnto +him, he might by possession of these three haue a readier meane to come +by all the rest. [Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] Furthermore, fearing least +his eldest sonne Henrie (who as then was absent) would not consent to +the performance of this his will, he caused certeine bishops and other +of the Nobles to sweare, that they should not suffer his bodie to be +committed to buriall, till his sonnes had sworne to fulfill his last +will and testament in all other things, but especially in this behalfe, +wherin he iudged not amisse. For though Henrie was loth to take his oth, +yet bicause his fathers bodie should not remaine vnburied, he was +contented to sweare. + +But after he had obteined the kingdome of England, his couetous desire, +increasing still with abundance alreadie obteined, [Sidenote: Pope +Adrian an Englishman borne. A dispensatiō for an oth. _Nic. Treuet._] +found meanes to procure of pope Adrian the fourth (who was an Englishman +borne) a dispensation for that oth: wherevpon (hauing got licence to +depart from the office both of right, law and equitie) neglecting his +fathers ordinance, he passed ouer into Normandie, and making war against +his brother the said Geffrey, easilie expelled him out of those places, +which were assigned him by bequest in his fathers testament, and so +tooke the earledome of Aniou into his owne possession. Howbeit, he gaue +vnto his said brother a pension of a thousand pounds English & two +thousand pounds of the monie of Aniou, with the towne of Lodun, and +certeine other lands to liue vpon; who neuerthelesse thinking himselfe +euill vsed at the kings hands, rebelled and died. + +¶ Here we haue to note the lacke of conscience and religion, not onlie +in the pretended successor of Peter in giuing a dispensasion for an oth, +but also in his good ghostlie sonne, who was no lesse forward in +reuolting from his oth, than the other was willing to acquite him from +the force thereof. But if these men had beene profiting scholars in the +vniuersitie of the pagans, as they were arrand truants and ranke +dullards in the schoole of christians, they might haue learned by +profane examples, that as oths are not to be rashlie taken, so they are +not to be vnaduisedlie broken. Herevnto alludeth Aristotle in his +Metaphysikes, shewing the cause why poetrie hath feigned that the gods +in old time vsed to sweare by water, as Jupiter is reported to haue +doone in this manner; +[Sidenote: _Ouid. Met. lib. 1. fab. 6._] + ---- per flumina iuro + Infera sub terra Stygio labentia luco. + +To signifie vnto vs, that as water is a verie ancient and excellent +element, and so necessarie that without it the life of man cannot +consist; euen so we ought to estéeme of an oth, than the which we should +thinke nothing more religious, nothing more holie, nothing more +christian. [Sidenote: _Ouid. Met. lib. 3. fab. 8, 9, 10._] Herevnto also +tendeth the fable of the transmutation of mariners into Dolphins for +periurie: importing thus much for our instruction, that the breaking of +an oth, in a case that may preiudice, procureth greeuous punishments +from God against them that so lewdlie doo offend. But such is the +impudencie of the pope, that he will not grant dispensations onlie for +oths, but for incest, for treason, and for any other sinne: which he may +doo (as he boasteth) by vertue of his absolute and vniuersall +iurisdiction: as we haue latelie in most lamentable sort séene +exemplified. But to the course of our storie. + +[Sidenote: 1156.] Shortlie after, when king Henrie had dispatched his +businesse in Normandie, and made an end of troubles there betwixt him +and his brother Geffrey, he returned into England, bicause he receiued +aduertisement, that Malcolme king of Scotland began to make war against +his subiects that bordered next vnto him, wherevpon he hasted +northwards: [Sidenote: King Henrie goeth against the Scots. He wan +Carleil and Newcastell and others.] and comming first into Cumberland, +he tooke the citie of Carleil, seizing all that countrie into his hands; +and going after into Northumberland, he wan the towne of Newcastell, +with the castell of Bamburg, and tooke into his possession all that +countrie which his mother the empresse had sometimes granted vnto king +Dauid, as before ye haue heard: howbeit, bicause he would not séeme to +offer too much wrong, and be esteemed vnmindfull of former benefites +receiued, [Sidenote: The earledome of Huntingtō.] he suffered king +Malcolme to enioy the earledome of Huntington, which king Stephan had +giuen vnto his father earle Henrie, sonne to king Dauid, as before is +partlie touched. + +[Sidenote: William earle of Mortaigne _Matth. Paris._ _Nic. Treuet._] +William also the earle of Mortaigne, and Warren sonne of king Stephan, +were compelled to surrender to king Henrie, the castell of Pemsey, the +citie of Norwich, and other townes and castels which he held, +apperteining to the demeane of the crowne: to whom the king in +recompense restored those lands which his father king Stephan held in +the daies of king Henrie the first. + +[Sidenote: An. Reg. 3. 1157.] [Sidenote: Theodorike earle of Flanders.] +About this time Theodorike earle of Flanders (going with his wife vnto +Jerusalem) committed his sonne Philip with all his lands, to the +custodie of the king of England. Hugh Bigot also resigned his castels +into the kings hands. + +But whilest king Henrie was about (as before ye haue heard) to recouer +and get backe the portions of his kingdome made away and dismembred by +his predecessors, he was informed that the Welshmen raised a rebellion +against him; [Sidenote: Rebellion of Welshmen. The king inuadeth them.] +to represse whose attempts, he hasted foorth with all diligence. Now at +his first approch to their countrie, his souldiers being set vpon in the +straits, were verie fiercelie put back by the enimies, in somuch that a +rumor ran how king Henrie was slaine, which puffed vp the Welshmen with +no small hope, and dawnted the Englishmen with great feare. In déed, +diuerse of the English nobilitie were slaine, [Sidenote: Eustace Fitz +John & Robert de Curey slaine.] and (amongst others) Eustace Fitz John, +and Robert de Curey, men of great honor and reputation. + +Those which escaped in returning backe, not knowing that the king passed +through the straits without danger, declared to their fellowes that +followed and were approching to the said straits, that (so farre as they +knew) the king and all the residue were lost. [Sidenote: Henrie of +Essex.] These newes so discomforted the companies, that Henrie of Essex, +which bare the kings standard by right of inheritance, threw downe the +same, and fled: [Sidenote: _Matth. West._ _Wil. Paruus._ A combat +betwixt Henrie de Essex, and Robert de Mountfort. _Matth. West._] which +dishonorable déed was afterward laid to his charge by one Robert de +Mountfort, with whom (by order taken of the king) he fought a combat in +triall of the quarrell, and was ouercome: but yet the king qualifieng +the rigor of the iudgement by mercie pardoned his life, and appointed +him to be a shorne moonke, and put into the abbey of Reading, taking his +lands and possessions into his hands as forfeited: howbeit this combat +was not tried till about the 9. yeare of this kings reigne. + +Now the king, hearing that his armie was discomfited, came to his men, +and shewing himselfe to them with open visage, greatlie reuiued the +whole multitude, and then procéeding against the enimies, his people +were afterwards more warie in looking to themselues, [Sidenote: The +Welshmen submit themselues.] insomuch that at length (when the K. +prepared to inuade the Welshmen both by water & land) they sought to him +for peace, and wholie submitted themselues vnto his grace and mercie. + +[Sidenote: The castell of Rutland and Basingwerke built. _Matth. +Paris._] About the same time, king Henrie builded the castell of +Rutland, the castell of Basingwerke, and one house also of Templers. In +the moneth of September also this yeare, the kings third sonne was borne +at Oxenford, & named Richard. [Sidenote: Ann. Reg. 4.] [Sidenote: Thomas +Becket lord Chancelor.] [Sidenote: 1158.] This yeare was Thomas Becket +preferred to be the kings Chancellor. The king holding his Christmas at +Worcester in great royaltie, sat in the church at seruice, with his +crowne on his head, as the kings vsed in those daies to doo on solemne +feasts: but as soone as masse was ended, he tooke his crowne from his +head, [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ The king laieth his crown on the +altar.] and set it downe vpon the altar in signe of humblenes, so that +he neuer after passed for the wearing of a crowne. [Sidenote: Coine +altered.] The same yeare also the king altered his coine, abrogating +certeine peeces called basels. + +In the moneth of August he went ouer into Normandie, and came to an +enteruiew with the French king neere to the riuer of Eata, [Sidenote: +Additions to John Pike.] where they intreated of a league, and of a +marriage, which was after agréed vpon, betwixt Henrie the sonne of king +Henrie; and the ladie Margaret, daughter to the French king: [Sidenote: +The lord chancellor Becket sent into France. _Matth. West._] at which +time Thomas Becket (then being the kings chancellor) was sent to Paris +in great araie to fetch hir: who among other furnitures had nine long +charrets (as Matthew Paris writeth.) Now when this ladie was deliuered +to Thomas Becket the lord chancellor, and brought from Paris, she was +appointed from thencefoorth to remaine in the house of Robert de +Newburge, a Noble man of great honor, vntill such time as the mariage +should be solemnized. + +After the two kings were departed in sunder, K. Henrie prepared an armie +against Conan duke of Britaine, who had seized the citie of Naunts into +his hands, after the decease of Geffrey the kings brother, who was earle +of Naunts. At length, the same Conan perceiuing himselfe not able to +resist the king of England, vpon the daie of the feast of saint Michael +the archangell came to king Henrie, and surrendred the citie of Naunts +into his hands, with all the whole countrie therevnto belonging. Soone +after which resignation, [Sidenote: Geffrey the kings fourth son born.] +and vpon the 24. of August, Geffrey the kings fourth sonne was borne of +his wife queene Elianor. + +In December following, Theobald earle of Blois was accorded with king +Henrie, to deliuer to him two of his castels. [Sidenote: Petroke earle +of Perch.] Likewise Petroke earle of Perch surrendred two castels vnto +king Henrie, which he had vsurped of the demeanes of Normandie in the +daies of king Stephan: one of which castels the king gaue him againe, +receiuing homage of him for the same. + +[Sidenote: Raimond erle of Barzelone. Richard the kings sonne offered to +erle Raimonds daughter.] Moreouer king Henrie and Raimond earle of +Barzelone met togither at Blaime, where they concluded a league by way +of allegiance, so that Richard the sonne of king Henrie should take to +wife the daughter of the said Raimond in time conuenient; and that the +king of England should giue vnto the said Richard the duchie of +Aquitane, & the countie of Poictow. This earle Raimond had married the +daughter and heire of the king of Aragon. + +In the meane time, a secret grudge that had long depended betwéene king +Henrie and king Lewes of France did still continue, and though there was +a friendship agreed betweene them (as ye haue heard) to haue +extinguished the same; [Sidenote: A fained friendship.] yet was it but a +fained friendship: for vpon euery new occasion they were readie to +breake againe, as it came to passe shortlie after. + +[Sidenote: William duke of Aquitaine.] William duke of Aquitane, +grandfather to queene Elianor, married the daughter and heire of the +earle of Tholouze, and going vnto the warres of the holie land, +[Sidenote: Earle of saint Giles otherwise Tholouze.] he engaged that +earledome vnto Raimond the earle of saint Giles, and died before he +could returne. His sonne William, father to quéene Elianor, suffered his +earledome to remaine still vnredéemed, either for want of sufficiencie, +or through negligence and carelesnesse: so that the earle of saint Giles +kéeping possession thereof vnto his dieng daie, left it to his sonne +Raimond, who inioyed it likewise. Now when king Lewes (hauing married +the foresaid Elianor) demanded restitution as in the right of his wife, +earle Raimond flatlie at the first denied to restore it, but after +considering his lacke of power to resist the kings puissance, he plied +the K. with humble petitions, and so preuailed by faire words; that in +the end king Lewes granted him his sister Constance in marriage (which +Constance, as ye haue heard, was married before vnto Eustace the sonne +of king Stephan) & with hir granted him libertie to reteine the earldome +of Tholouze as it were by waie of endowment: whereto the other accorded. +[Sidenote: An. Reg. 5. 1159.] [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris_ _Matt. Westm._] +Howbeit king Henrie hauing married the foresaid quéene Elianor, after +the diuorse had betwixt hir and king Lewes, made claime to the said +countie of Tholouze in the right of his wife. Herevpon earle Raimond, +trusting now to the aid of his brother in law king Lewes, denied to +restore it; so that king Henrie determined to recouer it by force, and +entring by and by into Gascoine with an armie, he drew towards the +countrie of Tholouze, & began to inuade the same with great force and +courage. + +[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._ William Trencheuille.] Diuerse great lords of +those parties ioyned with king Henrie in his war which he attempted +against the earle of saint Giles, as the earle of Barzelone, and the +lord William Thencheuile, a man of great power in those quarters, hauing +vnder his rule manie cities, castels and townes, notwithstanding that he +had of late lost many of them by violence of the foresaid earle of +Tholouze, but now by the aide of king Henrie he recouered them all. +[Sidenote: _N. Triuet._] Malcolme also king of Scotland came vnto king +Henrie, whilest he was foorth in this iournie, to associate him in this +businesse. + +The earle hearing of king Henries comming with an armie, was put in +great feare, and therevpon wrote letters to his brother in law king +Lewes, requiring him with all spéed possible to come vnto his aid. King +Lewes vpon receipt of the letters, & vnderstanding the present danger of +the earle, made such hast in continuing his iournie both daie and night, +that he came to Tholouze, before king Henrie could arriue there. Which +when king Henrie vnderstood, and perceiued how he was preuented, he +changed his purpose of besieging the citie, and fell to spoiling of the +countrie thereabouts: [Sidenote: The citie of Cahors. _N. Triuet._ The +lord chancellor Becket.] at which time he recouered certaine places +that latelie before had reuolted from his gouernment, & (amongst the +rest) the citie of Cahors, which he furnished with men, munition and +vittels, appointing his chancellor Thomas Becket to the custodie and +keeping thereof: he fortified other places also which he had gotten, +placing capteines and men of warre to looke vnto the defense of the +same. Whilest the king was thus abrode on his iournie in the parties of +Aquitaine, [Sidenote: _Rob. Houed._ William earle of Bullongne.] William +earle of Bullongne and Mortaine the sonne of king Stephan, and Haimon +earle of Glocester departed this life, which two earles went thither +with him. + +Finallie, when he had set things at a staie in those parties, he +returned towards Normandie, and comming to the citie of Toures, he gaue +the order of knighthood vnto Malcolme king of Scotland, and so in the +moneth of October he came backe into Normandie, and there augmenting his +armie with new supplies, [Sidenote: The countie of Beauuoisin.] entred +into the countie of Beauuoisin, burned manie villages in the same, and +destroied the strong castell of Gerberie, except one turret, which his +souldiers could not take, by reason of the fire and smoke which staied +and kept them from it. Moreouer, Simon earle of Auranches deliuered vnto +king Henrie such fortresses as he held in France, as Rochfort, Montfort, +and such like, which was no small discommoditie and inconuenience to the +French king, bicause the garisons placed in those fortresses impeached +the passage betwixt Paris and Orleance. [Sidenote: A truce taken.] But +shortlie after, a truce was taken to last from the moneth of December, +[Sidenote: An. Reg. 6. 1160.] vnto the feast of the holie Trinitie in +the yeare next following. + +[Sidenote: A peace concluded. A marriage concluded. _Matth. Paris._ +Legats.] In the moneth of Maie also insuing, a peace was concluded vpon +the former articles and conditions: for further confirmation whereof, +the mariage was solemnized betwixt Henrie the kings sonne being seuen +yeares of age, and the ladie Margaret daughter to the French king, being +not past three yeares old: as writers doo report. The marriage was +celebrated at Newborough on the second daie of Nouember, by the +authoritie of two legats of the apostolike sée, Henrie bishop of Pisa, +and William bishop of Pauia, both preests and cardinals. + +[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._ Certeine of the Ualdois came into England +being Dutchmē.] About the same time came certeine Dutchmen of the sort +called Ualdoies ouer into this realme, to the number of thirtie or more, +who held opinions in religion contrarie to the faith of the Romane +church, for (as one author affirmeth) they which first spred the +opinions which these men held, came from Gascoigne, and preuailed so +greatlie in setting foorth their doctrine, that they mightilie increased +through the large regions of Spaine, France, Italie, and Germanie: +simple men (God wote) they were for the most part, as is written of +them, and of no quicke capacitie. Howbeit, those which at this time came +ouer into England, were indifferentlie well learned, and their +principall or ringleader was named Gerard. [Sidenote: A councell at +Oxford.] Now also was a councell assembled at Oxford, whereat these +dogmatists were examined vpon certeine points of their profession. +[Sidenote: The professions of the Ualdoies.] The forsaid Gerard +vndertaking to answere for them all, protested that they were good +christians, and had the doctrine of the apostles in all reuerence. +Moreouer, being examined what they thought of the substance of the +godhead and the merits of Christ, they answered rightlie, and to the +point; [Sidenote: Their examination & protestation. The Ualdois +condemned.] but being further examined vpon other articles of the +religion then receiued, they swarued from the church, and namelie, in +the vse of the diuine sacraments, derogating such grace from the same, +as the church by hir authoritie had then ascribed thereto. To conclude, +they would renounce their opinions, in somuch that they were condemned, +burned in the forehead with an hot iron, and in the cold season of +winter stripped naked from the girdle steed vpward, and so whipped out +of the towne; [Sidenote: They are forbidden meat and drinke. They are +starued to death.] with proclamation made, that no man should be so +hardie as to receiue them into any house, relieue them with meat, +drinke, or any other kind of meanes: wherevpon it fell out in fine that +they were starued to death through cold and hunger: howbeit in this +their affliction they séemed to reioise, in that they suffered for Gods +cause, as they made account. + +[Sidenote: _N. Triuet._ The first falling out betwixt the K. & Thomas +Becket.] The same yeare, Matthew sonne to the earle of Flanders married +the ladie Marie the abbesse of Ramsie, daughter to king Stephan, and +with hir had the countie of Bullongne. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 7.] +[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _Matth. West._] [Sidenote: 1161.] About this +mariage grew the first falling out betwixt the king and his chancellor +Thomas Becket (as some haue written) but none more than the said +Matthew was offended with the said chancellor, bicause he was so sore +against the said contract. + +King Henrie, shortlie after the marriage was consummate betwixt his +sonne & the French kings daughter, got into his hands the castell of +Gisors, with two other castels, situate vpon the riuer of Eata in the +confines of Normandie and France. For it was accorded betwixt the two +kings, that when the marriage should be finished, king Henrie should +haue those thrée castels, bicause they apperteined to Normandie; +[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] in the meane time, the same castels were +deliuered into the hands of Robert de Poiron, Tostes de Saint Omer, and +Robert Hastings, thrée knights templers, who vpon the consummation of +the marriages before said, and according to the trust committed to them, +surrendred the possession of the said castels into the hands of king +Henrie. + +But the French king was not a little mooued, for that king Henrie had +seized vpon them without his licence, in so much that he raised a power +of armed men, and sent them into Normandie, [Sidenote: _Gaguinus._ The +French & Normans fight.] where they had one cruell conflict aboue the +rest with the Normans, till the night parted them in sunder, by meane +whereof the Frenchmen withdrew to Chaumount, and the Normans to Gisors. +The next daie, as the Frenchmen came foorth againe, purposing to haue +won Gisors, they were beaten backe by the Normans, who issued out of the +towne to skirmish with them. Thus was the warre renewed betwixt these +two princes; [Sidenote: _Nic. Triuet._] and by setting on of Theobald +earle of Blois, the matter grew to that point, that the English and +French powers comming foorthwith into the field, and marching one +against an other, they approched so neere togither, that battell was +presentlie looked for, first in Ueulgessine, and after in the teritorie +of Dune; but yet in the end such order was taken betwixt them, that +their armies brake vp. + +[Sidenote: Thrée knights templers. _Rog. Houed._] The three Templers +also ran in displeasure of the French king, for the deliuerie of the +castels before they knew his mind, so that he banished them the realme +of France for euermore: but king Henrie receiued them, and gaue them +honorable enterteinement. Some write that there were but two castels, +Gisors and Meall, which were thus put into their hands, [Sidenote: +_Matth. Paris._] and by them deliuered as before is mentioned. + +[Sidenote: The death of Theobald archbishop of Canturburie.] About this +time Theobald archbishop of Canturburie departed this life, after he had +gouerned that sée the space of 22. yeares, who at his going to Rome, and +receipt of the pall of pope Innocent the second, was also created legat +of the see apostolike, which office he exercised so diligentlie, and so +much to the auaile of the church, [Sidenote: The power legantine anexed +to Cant. _Wil. Paru._] that the dignitie of legatship remained euer +after to the archbishop of Canturburie by a speciall decrée, so that +they were intituled Legati nati, that is to say Legats borne (as mine +author dooth report.) This Theobald greatlie fauoured Thomas Becket. + +This Becket was borne in London, his father hight Gilbert, but his +mother was a Syrian borne, and by religion a Saracen: [Sidenote: The +authoritie of Becket.] howbeit (no regard had of his parents) he grew so +highlie in fauour with the king, and might doo so much in England, +[Sidenote: An. Reg. 6.] that he seemed to reigne as if he had beene +associat with him also in the kingdome, and being Lord chancellor, the +king sent him ouer into England (Richard Lucie being in his companie) +with sundrie letters in his fauour, thereby to procure his election to +that sée: which was brought to passe according to the kings desire at +Westminster. [Sidenote: He is consecrated archb. _Wil. Paru._] Afterward +he was ordeined at Canturburie on saturdaie in Witsunwéeke, by Henrie +bishop of Winchester (although there be that write how Walter bishop of +Rochester did consecrate him) which consecration was in the 44. yeare of +his age, [Sidenote: 1162.] and in the fift yere after his first +aduancement to the office of Lord chancellor, [Sidenote: Quadrilogium ex +vita eiusdem Thomæ.] so that he was the eight and thirtith archbishop +which gouerned in that see. + +Toward the end of the same yeare, Henrie the kings sonne receiued homage +of the barons, first in Normandie, and after in England. [Sidenote: The +archbishop a better courtier than a preacher.] In the yeare ensuing, the +king his father committed him to archbishop Becket, that he might sée +him brought vp and trained in maners and courtlie behauiour, as +apperteined to his estate: wherevpon the archbishop in iest called him +his sonne. + +[Sidenote: The quéene brought to bed of a daughter.] This yeare Quéene +Elianor was brought to bed at Rohan of a daughter named Elianor. + +[Sidenote: An enteruiew.] [Sidenote: An. Reg. 9. 1163.] [Sidenote: _N. +Triuet._] In like maner the kings of England and France receiued pope +Alexander the third at Cocie vpon Loire with all honor and reuerence, +insomuch that they attended vpon his stirrup on foot like pages or +lackies, the one vpon his right side, and the other on his left. + +¶ Note here the intollerable pride of this antichristian pope in +assuming, and the basemindednesse of these two kings in ascribing vnto +that man of sinne such dignitie as is vtterlie vnfit for his indignitie. +But what will this monster of men, this Stupor mundi, this Diaboli +primogenitus & hæres not arrogate for his owne aduancement; like yuie +climing aloft, & choking the trée by whose helpe it créepeth vp from the +root to the top. But the end of this seauen horned beast so extolling +and lifting it selfe vp to heauen, is + ---- Erebo miserè claudetur in imo + Atque illic miris cruciatibus afficietur. + +[Sidenote: Homage of the K. of Scots.] In Januarie ensuing, the king +returned into England, and the same yeare the king of Scots did homage +vnto Henrie the yonger, and deliuered his yonger brother Dauid to the +king his father, with diuerse other the sonnes of his lords and barons +in pledge, for assurance of a perpetuall peace to be kept betweene them, +with some such castels as he required. + +[Sidenote: A councell at Tours.] In the meane time archbishop Thomas +went to the councell holden by pope Alexander at Tours in the Octaues of +Pentecost, where he resigned his bishoprike into the popes hands (as the +fame went) being troubled in conscience for that he had receiued it by +the kings preferment. The pope allowing his purpose, committed the same +pastorlike dignitie to him againe by his ecclesiasticall power, whereby +the archbishop was eased verie well of his greefe, and shortlie after +his returne from his councell, seemed desirous to reduce & cause to be +restored such rights as he pretended to belong vnto the church of +Canturburie, whereby he ran into the displeasure of manie, and namelie +of the mightiest. + +Moreouer he required of the king the kéeping of Rochester castell, & the +custodie of the tower of London. [Sidenote: The archbish. practiseth +treason secretlie. Homage for the castell of Tunbridge.] He alledged +also that Saltwood & Hith belonged peculiarlie to the seigniorie of his +see. He called Roger earle of Clare vnto Westminster, to doo his homage, +vnto him for the castell of Tunbridge: but the earle denied it through +the setting on of the king, alledging all the fee thereof to apperteine +rather to the king than to the archbishop. Thus was the archbishop +troubled, and he grew dailie more and more out of the kings fauour. For +yee must vnderstand, that this was not the first nor the second, but the +eight time that the king had shewed tokens of his displeasure against +him. + +After this, vpon the first day of Julie, Rice prince of Southwales, with +diuerse other lords and nobles of Wales, [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ +_Matth. West._] did homage both to the king and to his sonne Henrie at +Woodstocke. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 10.] Hamline the kings bastard brother +married the countesse of Warren, the widow of William earle of Mortaigne +bastard sonne to king Stephan. [Sidenote: Homage of the Welshmen.] +[Sidenote: 1164.] [Sidenote: _N. Triuet._] This countesse was the sole +daughter and heire of William the third earle of Warren, which went with +Lewes king of France into the holie land, and there died. Soone after, +the Welshmen rebelling with their prince Rice and his vncle Owen, did +manie mischéefes on the marshes: and by the death of Walter Gifford +earle of Buckingham (who deceased this yeare without heire) that +earledome came to the kings hands. + +On the 20. daie of September were three circles seene to compasse the +sun, and so continued the space of thrée houres togither: [Sidenote: +_Matth. Paris._] which when they vanished awaie, two sunnes appeared and +sprang foorth after a maruellous maner. Which strange sight the common +people imagined to be a signe or token of the controuersie then kindling +betwixt the king and the archbishop. + +About this time the king called a parlement at Westminster, to treat of +matters concerning the commonwealth, [Sidenote: Discord still kindleth +betwixt the king and the archb.] wherein great discord arose betwixt the +king & archbishop Becket, about certeine points touching the liberties +of the church. For the king hauing an earnest zeale vnto iustice, and +commanding the iudges to punish offenders without respect, vnderstood by +their information, that manie things by them of the spiritualtie +(against whome their authoritie might not be extended) were committed +contrarie to common order: as theft, rapine, murther, and manslaughter; +in so much that in his presence it was made notorious, that sith the +beginning of his reigne, [Sidenote: Murthers committed by préests.] +aboue an hundred manslaughters had béene committed within his realme of +England by préests and men of religious orders. Herevpon being mooued in +mind, he set forth lawes against the spiritualtie, wherein he shewed his +zeale of iustice. For as the cause procéeded from the bishops of that +age, so did the fault also, sith contrarie to their owne canons they +permitted préests to liue ouer licentiouslie without due correction, +[Sidenote: _W. Paruus._] studieng onelie to mainteine the liberties and +immunities of the church, and not to reforme the irregularitie of the +regulars. [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] Of this crew was one Philip de +Broc, a canon of Bedford, who being arreigned before the kings iusticer +for a murther, vttered disdainefull words against the same iusticer: +which when he could not denie before the archbishop, he was depriued of +his prebend, and banished the land for two yeares space. + +These things troubled the king, who therefore hauing alreadie set downe +such orders as should bridle the spiritualtie from their wicked dooings, +thought that if he might get them confirmed in parlement by consent of +the bishops and clergie, then the same should take place and be receiued +for lawes. [Sidenote: The king meaneth to bridle the spiritualtie frō +presumptuous dealing. The prelats against the king. _Ger. Dor._] +Wherefore he earnestlie required at this parlement that it +might be enacted against all such of the spiritualtie, as should be +taken and conuicted for any henious offense, they should loose the +priuiledge of the church, and be deliuered vnto the ciuill magistrate, +who should sée them suffer execution for their offences, in like maner +as he might any of the kings subiects being laie men. For otherwise the +king alledged, that they would boldlie presume to doo much more +mischiefe, if after ecclesiasticall discipline, no secular correction +should follow. And likelie it was that they would passe but little for +their disgrading and losse of their order, who in contempt of their +calling would not absteine from committing most mischieuous +abhominations and hainous enormities. + +Unto these reasons thus proponed by the king (to haue his purpose take +effect) the archbishop and his suffragans, with the rest of the bishops, +answered verie pithilie, labouring to proue that it was more against the +liberties of the church, than that they might with reason well allow. +Wherevpon the king being moued exceedinglie against them, demanded +whether they would obserue his roiall lawes and customes, which the +archbishops and bishops in the time of his grandfather did hold and +obeie or not? [Sidenote: Their order saued.] Wherevpon they made +answere, that they would obserue them, Saluo ordine suo, Their order in +all things saued. But the king being highlie offended with such +exceptions, vrged the matter so, that he would haue them to take their +oth absolutely, & without all exceptions, but they would none of that. +[Sidenote: The king offended with the bishops.] At length he departed +from London in verie great displeasure with the bishops, hauing first +taken from the archbishop Thomas all the offices and dignities which he +enioied since his first being created chancellor. + +Howbeit, after this, manie of the bishops séeing wherevnto this broile +would grow, began to shrinke from the archbishop, and inclined to the +king. But the archbishop stood stiflie in his opinion, and would not +bend at all, till at length not onelie his suffragans the bishops, +[Sidenote: _R. Houed._] but also the bishop of Liseux (who came ouer to +doo some good in the matter) and the abbat of Elemosina (who was sent +from the pope) persuaded him to agree to the kings will, in so much that +being ouercome at last with the earnest suit of his freends, [Sidenote: +_R. Houed._] he came first to Woodstocke, and there promised the king to +obserue his lawes, Bona fide, Faithfullie, and without all collusion or +deceit. + +[Sidenote: 1164.] [Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._ A councell at Clarendon.] +Shortlie after, in the feast of S. Hilarie, a councell was holden at +Clarendon, whereto the archbishop, and in manner all the lords +spirituall and temporall of the land made their repaire. Here the +archbishop would haue willinglie started from his promise, if first the +bishops, and after the earles of Leicester and Cornewall, [Sidenote: +_Ger. Dor._] Robert and Reignald (which Reignald was vncle to the king) +and lastlie two knights templers, had not mooued him to yéeld to the +kings will. But (amongst the rest) these two knights, namelie Richard de +Hastings, and Hosteus de Boloigne were verie earnest with him, & at +length preuailed, though not for conscience of dutie, wherewith he +should haue beene touched; yet with feare of danger, which (by refusing +to satisfie the kings will) he should haue brought not onelie vpon +himselfe, but also vpon the other bishops there present. + +These knights séemed to lament his case, as if alreadie they had séene +naked swords shaken about his eares. And indeed, certeine of the kings +seruants that attended vpon his person after the manner of a gard, went +to and fro, rushing vp and downe the chambers, shaking their bright +battell axes readie appointed, and looking as if they would forthwith +run vpon the bishops. Wherevpon the archbishop being touched with +remorse, and séeming to striue against his determinat purpose, consented +to obey the kings pleasure, and so promised in the word of a préest, +[Sidenote: _Matt. Paris._ The archbishop Becket receiueth an oth.] +swering furthermore, that he would obserue the kings lawes and customes, +without expressing these words, Saluo ordine meo, Mine order saued, +which he had vsed before. The like oth did all the bishops take. But the +archbishop refused at that time to seale to the writing that conteined +the articles of the oth which he should haue obserued, requiring as it +were a time to consider of them, sith in so weightie a matter nothing +ought to be doone without good and deliberate aduice, wherefore he tooke +with him a copie thereof, and so did the archbishop of Yorke an other, +and the third remained with the king. + +[Sidenote: He repenteth him in that he had receiued an oth. _Matth. +Paris._] Shortlie after, the archbishop considering further of this oth +which he had taken, repented himselfe greeuouslie therof, in so much +that he absteined from saieng of masse, till he had by confession and +fruits of penance (as saith Matth. Paris) obteined absolution of the +pope. For addressing and sending out messengers with all spéed vnto the +pope, with a certificat of the whole matter as it laie, he required to +be assoiled of the bond which he had vnaduisedlie entred into. This suit +was soone granted, in so much that the pope directed his especiall +letters vnto him, conteining the same absolution in verie ample and +large manner, as Matth. Paris dooth report. And thus began a new broile. + +The archbishop in the meane time, perceiuing that the liberties of the +church were now not onelie embezelled, but in maner extinguished, and +being loth to make any further attempt against his former dealings, +would now (without the kings knowledge) haue departed the realme, +wherevpon comming to Romnie, he tooke shipping, [Sidenote: The +archbishop Becket would haue fled out of the realme.] to haue passed +ouer into France, and so to haue gone to the popes court. But by a +contrarie wind he was brought backe into England, and thereby fell +further into the kings displeasure than before, in so much that, whereas +an action was commensed against him of late for a manor, which the +archbishops of Canturburie had of long time held: now the matter was so +vsed that the archbishop lost the manor, and was moreouer condemned to +paie the arrerages, and thus his troubles increased euen through his +owne malapertnesse and brainesicknesse; whereas all these tumults might +haue béene composed and laid asléepe, if he had béene wise, peaceable, +patient, and obedient. For, + [Sidenote: _M. Pal. in suo sag._] + Vir bonus & sapiens quærit super omnia pacem, + Vúltque minora pati, metuens grauiora, cauétque, + Ne paruo ex igni scelerata incendia surgant. + +[Sidenote: The archbishop to appeare at Northampton. _R. Houed._] In the +end, the archbishop was cited to appeere before the king at Northampton, +where the king vsed him somewhat roughlie, placing his horsses at his +Inne, and laid disobedience to his charge, for that he did not +personallie appeare at a certeine place before his highnesse, vpon +summons giuen vnto him[2] for the same purpose. Wherevnto though the +archbishop alledged that he had sent thither a sufficient deputie to +make answere for him; [Sidenote: Sentence giuen against the +archbishop.] yet could he not be so excused, but was found giltie, and +his goods confiscat to the kings pleasure. + +Now when the archbishop heard that sentence was in suchwise pronounced +against him; "What maner of iudgement (saith he) is this? Though I hold +my peace, yet the age that shall hereafter follow, will not hide it in +silence; for sithens the world began, it hath not beene heard, that any +archbishop of Canturburie hath béene iudged in any of the king of +Englands courts for any maner of cause; partlie in regard of the +dignitie and authoritie of his office, and partlie bicause he is +spirituallie the father of the king and all his people. This is +therefore a new forme and order of iudgement, that the archbishop should +be iudged by his suffragans, or the father by his sons." + +The next daie the king required of him the repaiment of fiue hundred +marks, which he had lent him when he was chancellor. [Sidenote: The +archbish. condemned in fiue hundred marks.] Now although he affirmed +that he receiued the same by waie of gift, and not by waie of lone; yet +bicause he confessed receit, he was condemned in that debt, forsomuch as +he could not prooue the title the gift. + +[Sidenote: An assemblie of bishops.] On the morrow after, the archbishop +with his felow bishops being set in councell, by commandement of the +king (& the doores fast locked that they should not get out) this was +proponed against the archbishop, that whereas he held certeine bishops +sées as then vacant, with abbeies, and other reuenues of his souereigne +lord the king in his hands, and had made none account to him for the +same of long time; [Sidenote: The archbish. called to an account.] the +king required now to be answered at his hands, and that with all spéed, +for he would haue no delaie. The summe amounted to thirtie thousand +markes. + +When the archbishop had heard the variable sentences of the bishops in +this case, he answered after this maner: "I would (said he) speake with +two earles which are about the king," and named them. Who being called, +and the doores set open, he said vnto them; "We haue not héere at this +present to shew whereby the thing may be more manifest: therefore we +aske respit for answer till to morrow." The councell therefore brake vp, +and the multitude of people, which came with the archbishop thither, +being afraid of the kings displeasure, fell from him. Wherefore he +caused his seruants to fetch a great number of poore and impotent people +to his lodging, saieng that by the seruice of such men of warre, a more +spéedie victorie in short space might be gotten, than by them which in +time of temptation shamefullie drew backe. Herevpon his house was filled +full, and the tables set with such as his seruants had brought in, out +of the lanes and streats abroad. + +Upon the tuesdaie, the bishops all amazed and full of care, came vnto +him; [Sidenote: The bishops persuade the archbishop to submit himself to +the kings pleasure.] and bicause of the displeasure which the king had +conceiued against him, counselled him to submit himselfe to the kings +will, or else in fine, they told him plainelie, that he would be iudged +a periured person; bicause he had sworne vnto the king as to his +earthlie souereigne, touching all temporall honor in life, lim, and +member; and namelie to obserue all his roiall lawes and customes, which +of late he had established. + +[Sidenote: The archbish. answer to his brethren.] Wherevnto he answered: +"My brethren, ye see how the world roreth against me, and the enimie +riseth vp, but I more lament that the sonnes of my mother fight against +me. If I should hold my peace, yet would the world come to declare how +ye leaue me alone in the battell, and haue iudged against me now these +two daies past, I being your father, though neuer so much a sinner. But +I command you by virtue of your obedience, and vpon perill of your +order, that you be not present in any place of iudgement, where my +person may fortune to be adiudged: [Sidenote: He appealeth to the church +of Rome.] in testimonie whereof I appeale to our mother the church of +Rome. Furthermore, if it chance that temporall men laie their hands vpon +me, I charge you likewise by vertue of your obedience, that ye exercise +the censures of the church in the behalfe of your father the archbishop +as it becommeth you. This one thing know ye well, that the world roreth, +the flesh trembleth and is weake, but I (by Gods grace) will not +shrinke, nor leaue the flocke committed vnto me." + +After this he entred into the church, and celebrated the masse of saint +Stephan (otherwise than he was accustomed to doo) with his pall: +[Sidenote: He goeth to the court.] which being ended, he put on his +sacrificing vestures, with a cope vpon them all, and so went to the +court. Furthermore, bicause he was afraid, he receiued the sacrament +secretlie with him, and bearing the crosse in his right hand, and the +reine of his bridell in his left, he came in that order to the court, +where he alighted, and entred the place, still bearing the crosse +himselfe, till he came to the kings chamber doore, the other bishops +following him with great feare and trembling. Now being come thither, +the bishop of Hereford would gladlie haue taken the crosse, and haue +borne it before him, but he would not suffer him, saieng: "It is most +reason that I should beare it my selfe, vnder the defense whereof I may +remaine in safetie: and beholding this ensigne, I néed not doubt vnder +that prince I serue." + +[Sidenote: He is reputed a traitour.] At length, when the king had +exhibited great complaints vnto them all generallie against him, they +cried that he was a traitor, sith he had receiued so manie benefits at +the kings hands, and now refused to doo him all earthlie honor as he had +sworne to doo. To be short, when the bishops came to sit vpon the matter +in councell, they appealed to the sée of Rome against the archbishop, +accusing him of periurie: and in the word of truth bound themselues by +promise, to doo what they might to depose him, if they king would pardon +them of that iudgement which now hanged ouer the archbishops head. Then +comming to the archbishop they said: "Thou wast sometime our archbishop, +and we were bound to obeie thée: but sith thou hast sworne fealtie to +the king, that is, life member, and earthlie honor, & to obserue his +lawes and customes, and now goest about to destroie the same, we say +that thou art guiltie of periurie, [Sidenote: The bishops disallow their +archbishop.] and we will not from hencefoorth obey a periured +archbishop. Therefore we cite thée by appelation to appeare before the +pope, there to answer thine accusors." Then they, appointed him a day, +in which they ment to prosecute their appeale. "I heare you well" (said +the archbishop). + +The princes and péeres of the realme did also iudge him a periured +person and a traitour. Among whome (manie then being present) the earle +of Leicester accompanied with Reignald earle of Cornewall, came vnto him +and said; "The king commanded thée to come and render an accompt of that +which is obiected against thée, or else heare thy iudgement." +"Judgement?" said the archbishop, [and wherewith rising vp said,] "Naie +sonne earle, first heare thou: It is not vnknowne to thée how faithfull +I haue béene to the king, in consideration whereof he aduanced me to the +archbishops see against my will (as God can be my iudge:) for I knew +mine owne infirmitie, and I was contented to take it vpon me rather for +his pleasure, than for Gods cause, and therefore dooth God both withdraw +himselfe and the king from me. In the time of mine election he made me +frée, and discharged me of all courtlie bondage. Wherefore as touching +those things from which I am frée and deliuered, I am not bound to +answer, neither will I. So much as the soule is more worth than the +bodie, so much the more art thou bound to obeie God and me, rather than +any earthlie creature. Neither will law nor reason permit, that the +sonnes should iudge or condemne the father: and therefore I refuse to +stand to the iudgement either of the king, or of any other, and appeale +to the pope, by whome (vnder God) I ought to be iudged, referring all +that I haue vnto Gods protection and his, and vnder the defense of his +authoritie I depart out of this place." Hauing thus spoken, went +incontinent to take horsse. + +Now as he passed on his waie, the kings seruants and others of the court +did cast out manie reprochfull words against him, calling him traitor +and false forsworne caitife. [Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._ The stout courage of +the archbishop.] At which words turning himselfe, and looking backe with +a sterne countenance he said; "That if it were not for his order of +priesthood, and that it were lawfull for him, he would surelie cléere +himselfe of periurie and treason, in defending and mainteining his cause +against them with weapon in hand." + +When he was come to the vtter gate, he found the same fast locked, +whereat they began all to be amazed: but one of his seruants espieng +where a bunch of keies tied to a clubs and were hanging on a pin, he +tooke them down, & tried which was the right key, by proof whereof he +found it at the last, opened the gate, and let the archbishop out, the +porters standing still as men amazed, and speaking not one word against +it. + +Now when he was got out, a great number of poore, weake and impotent +people met him, saieng: "Blessed be God, which hath deliuered his +seruant from the face of his enimie." Thus with a great rout or +companie, and with the clergie, he was honorablie conueied to the abbie +of S. Andrews: and looking behind and before him, as he passed +thitherward, he said vnto those that went with him; "How glorious a +procession dooth bring me from the face of the enimie? Suffer all the +poore people to come into the place, that we may make merie togither in +the Lord." Hauing thus spoken the people had entrance, so that all the +hall, parlours, and chambers being furnished with tables and stooles, +they were conuenientlie placed, and serued with vittels to the full. + +[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ The archbishop Becket fled awaie in the night.] +The verie same night before the cockcrowing he issued foorth by a little +posterne gate, and taking with him onelie two moonks of the Cisteaux +order, the one named Robert Canne, and the other S. Cayman, with one of +his owne seruants called Roger de Broc, he fled awaie disguised in a +white vesture and a moonks coule, and changing his name, caused himselfe +to be called Dereman, & iourneied still all the night, and by daie laie +close in one fréends house or other; till at last he got to Sandwich, +and there taking ship, he sailed ouer into Flanders, and so went to +France, where at the citie of Sens he found pope Alexander, into whose +bosome he emptied whole cart lodes of complaints and greeuances. + +[Sidenote: Gilbert Follioth bishop of London was sent to the French +king.] The king vpon knowledge that the archbishop was fled the realme, +sent Gilbert Follioth bishop of London, and William earle of Arundell in +spéedie ambassage to, the king of France, to signifie vnto him the whole +matter and circumstance of the falling out betwixt him and the +archbishop, requiring him not to receiue the archbishop into his realme, +but this request was little regarded of the French king, as appeared: +for the archbishops cause was fauoured of manie, and the blame imputed +to king Henrie, so that the archbishop found great grace with the French +king, and no small fauour at the hands of the pope. + +Now when king Henrie heard that he was accused by the archbishop vnto +the pope, [Sidenote: Additions to _Iohn Pike._ _Matth. Paris._ _Ger. +Dor._] he appointed Roger archbishop of Yorke, the aforesaid Gilbert +bishop of London, Hilarius bishop of Chichester, Roger bishop of +Worcester, Bartholomew bishop of Excester, with diuerse bishops, deanes, +archdeacons, & other learned men of good accompt to the number of 15. to +passe in ambassage vnto the pope, that they might excuse his dooings, +and burden the archbishop with the note of rebellion, whereof he had +good proofe. + +[Sidenote: Roger archbishop of Yorke with others are sent to the pope.] +Being admitted to declare their message in the consistorie before the +pope, they opened the whole circumstance of the matter, from the +beginning to the end, declaring that betwixt Thomas the archbishop of +Canturburie and the king there was a controuersie moued, and by both +their consents a daie appointed for the hearing and determining thereof, +as iustice should require. At the which daie (by the kings commandement) +all the chéefest lords of the realme both spirituall and temporall were +assembled, to the end that the more generall the méeting should be, the +more manifest might the discouerie of the fraud and malice of the +archbishop appéere. + +"At the daie appointed (saie they) there came before the catholike +prince his presence, the Nobles of his realme: and amongst other, the +archbishop the disquieter both of the kingdome & church, who (as one not +well assured of the qualitie of his owne deseruings) blessed himselfe +with the signe of the crosse at his comming into the court, as though +he should haue come before some tyrant or schismaticall person. +Notwithstanding all which contemptuous and ambitious behauiour, the +kings maiestie was nothing offended, but committed the iudgement of his +cause to the faithfull order of the bishops, meaning so to deliuer +himselfe of all suspicion of wrong dealing. Then it rested in the +bishops hands to make an end of the controuersie, and to set a finall +vnion and agréement betwixt them. But the archbishop would none of that, +alleging how it should be a derogation to the sée apostolike and his +metropoliticall dignitie, to stand before the king in iudgement, or anie +other temporall magistrate. And albeit (saie they) some diminution or +eclipse might haue chanced to the dignitie of the church by that +iudgement, yet it had beene his part to haue dissembled the matter for +the time, to the end that peace might haue béene restored to the church. +He further obiected (ascribing to himselfe the name of father, which +seemed to sauour somewhat of arrogancie) that the children ought not to +come togither to iudge the fathers cause, but it had béene far more +necessarie that the humblenesse of the sons should mitigate the pride +and temper the ambition of the father." + +To conclude the kings ambassadors made earnest suit, that two legats +might be sent from the pope, to haue the hearing & discussing of all the +matter betwixt the king and the archbishop without any other appealing. +[Sidenote: The kings tale could not be heard.] But the kings tale could +not be heard in that court, [Sidenote: The archbishop Becket.] the +archbishop hauing alreadie persuaded the pope to the contrarie. For +comming to the pope he vttered his complaint as followeth: + +[Sidenote: _Matt. Paris._] "Most holie father, I doo here come for +succour to your audience, lamenting that the state of the church, and +the liberties thereof are brought to ruine by the couetous dealing of +kings and princes. Wherefore when I thought to resist the disease +approching, I was suddenlie called before the king, to render accompts +as a laie man about certeine wards, for whom (while I was the kings +chancellor) I had notwithstanding giuen accounts; and also, when I was +made bishop, and entred into the dignitie of ruling the archbishops sée, +I was released and discharged of all reckonings and bonds by the kings +eldest sonne, and by the cheefe iusticer of the realme: so that now, +where I looked to haue found aid, I was destitute thereof, to my great +hinderance and vexation. Consider furthermore (I praie you) how my lords +and brethren the bishops are readie at the pleasure of the Noble men of +the court to giue sentence against me, so that all men being about to +run vpon me, I was almost oppressed: and therfore am now come as it were +to take breath in the audience of your clemencie, which dooth not +forsake your children in their extreme necessitie, before whom I here +stand, readie to declare and testifie that I am not to be iudged there, +nor yet at all by them. For what other thing should that be, but to +plucke awaie the right of the church? What else then to submit +spirituall things to temporall? This example therefore once sproong vp, +might giue an occasion to manie enormities to follow. The bishops doo +say, 'Those things that are Cesars, ought to be restored to Cesar.' But +admit that in manie things the king is to be obeied, is he therefore to +be obeied in things wherein he is no king? For those belong not to +Cesar, but to a tyrant. Wherein if for my sake they would not, yet ought +the bishops for their owne sakes to haue resisted him. For what should +be the cause of such deadlie and vnnaturall hatred, that to destroie me, +they should destroie themselues? Therefore whilest for temporall things +they neglect spirituall, they faile in both. Weigh then most holie +father, my fleeing awaie, and my persecution, and how for your sake I +haue beene prouoked with iniuries, vse your rigour, constraine them to +amendement, through whose motion this hath chanced; let them not be +borne out by the king, who is rather the obstinate minister, than the +finder out of this practise." + +The pope hauing heard his words, tooke deliberation in the matter, with +the aduice of his cardinals, [Sidenote: The popes answer to the +archbishop.] and therevpon answered the archbishop in effect as +followeth: "That the lower power may not iudge the higher, and chéefelie +him whome he is bound to obeie, all the lawes both of God and man doo +witnesse, and the ordinances of the ancient fathers doo manifestlie +declare: Herevpon we (to whome it apperteineth to reforme disorders) doo +clearelie reuerse and make void the iudgement pronounced against you by +the barons and bishops, whereby as well against the order of law, as +against the customes of the church, your goods were adiudged forfeit, +whereas the same goods were not yours, but the churches of Canturburie, +ouer which you haue the onelie cure and charge. But if those that haue +violentlie entred vpon the possessions and goods of your church, and +haue thereby wronged either you or yours, will not vpon admonition giuen +to them, make restitution with sufficient amends, then may you (if you +shall thinke conuenient) exercise ecclesiasticall iustice vpon them, and +we shall allow of that which you shall reasonablie doo in that behalfe. +Howbeit as touching the king himselfe we will not giue you any speciall +commandement, neither yet doo we take from you any right belonging to +your bishoprike office, which you receiued at your consecration. But the +king onelie we will spare, and exempt from your excommunications and +censures." [Sidenote: The archbish. resigneth his pall.] After these and +many by-matters were ouerpassed, the archbishop resigned his pall vnto +the pope, but the pope gaue it him againe, and appointed him to remaine +at Pountney an abbeie of moonks Cisteaux in the diocesse of Auxerre, +till the variance were brought to some good end betwixt the king and +him. This was doone in the yeare of our Lord 1164. + +The king hauing knowledge by his ambassadors what answer the pope had +made, became gréeuouslie offended in his mind, and therevpon confiscated +all the goods that belonged to the archbishop and his complices, and +seized their reuenues into his hands, [Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] appointing +one Randall de Broc to haue the custodie of all that belonged to the +see, which Broc was nothing fréendlie to the archbishop, being his +knowne enimie of old, but fauoured the moonkes, and would not suffer +that they should take wrong or displeasure at any hand. + +[Sidenote: 1165.] [Sidenote: _Matth. West._ _Matt. Paris._] In the yeare +1165. queene Elianor was deliuered of a daughter which was named Joane. +Also on the 26. daie of Januarie, there chanced a maruellous earthquake +in Northfolke, in the Ile of Elie, and in Suffolke, so that men as they +stood on the ground were ouerthrowne therewith, and buildings so shaken, +that the belles in stéeples knolled: the like had also chanced in the +Aduent season then last before passed. + +[Sidenote: The Welshmen make war on the English marshes. _Wil. Paruus._ +_Polydor._ The king inuadeth Wales.] The Welshmen this yeare spoiled a +great part of those countries that bordered vpon them: wherewith the +king being sore mooued, leuied an armie with all spéed as well of +Englishmen as strangers, and (without regard of difficulties and +dangers) did go against the rebels, and finding them withdrawne into +their starting holes (I meane the woods and strait passages) he +compassed the same about in verie forceable maner. The Welshmen +perceiuing themselues now to be brought into such ieopardie, as that +they could not well deuise how to escape the same, consulted what was +best to be doone. After consultation, casting awaie their weapons, they +came foorth to the king, asking mercie; which somewhat hardlie they +obteined. Few of them were executed in comparison of the numbers that +offended: but yet the capteines and chéefe authors of this rebellion +were so punished, that it was thought they would neuer haue presumed so +rashlie to offend him in like sort againe. [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ The +seuere punishment vsed by king Henry against the Welshmen.] For (as some +writers affirme) he did iustice on the sonnes of Rice or Rees, & also on +the sonnes and daughters of other noble men that were his complices +verie rigorouslie: causing the eies of the yoong striplings to be pecked +out of their heads, and their noses to be cut off or slit: and the eares +of the yoong gentlewomen to be stuffed. + +But yet I find in other authors, that in this iournie king Henrie did +not greatlie preuaile against his enimies, but rather lost manie of his +men of warre, both horssemen and footmen: for by his seuere proceeding +against them, he rather made them more eger to séeke reuenge, than +quieted them in any tumult. [Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._ _Ran. Cogge._ +Cardigan castell woonne by the Welshmen.] They tooke the castell of +Cardigan, and in besieging of Briges, the king was in no small danger of +his life: for one of the enimies shooting directlie at him, [Sidenote: +Hubert de S. Clere conestable of Colchester.] had persed him through the +bodie if Hubert de Saint Clere conestable of Colchester, perceiuing the +arrow coming had not thrust himselfe betwixt the king and the same +arrow, and so preseruing his maister, receiued the stripe himselfe, +whereof he died presentlie after, beséeching the king to be good lord to +one onelie daughter which he had, [Sidenote: William de Langualée.] +whome the king bestowed in mariage vpon William de Langualée, togither +with hir fathers inheritance, which William begat of hir a sonne that +bare both his name and surname. ¶ A president of gratitude & thankfulnes +is here committed to memorie. And surelie the king could doo no lesse, +than some way requite the venturous courage and hartie zeale of the +gentleman, who with the losse of his owne life preserued the king, if +not from death, yet from some dangerous wound that might haue put him to +extreame anguish and paine. This may incite men to be mindfull of +benefits receiued, a virtue no lesse rare than the contrarie is common, +and as one saith, + ---- inueniuntur + Quidam sed rari, acceptorum qui meritorum + Assiduè memores, &c. + +[Sidenote: _W. Paruus._] But to conclude with this iourneie which king +Henrie made at this time against the Welshmen, although by reason of the +cumbersome difficulties of the places, he could not enter within the +countrie so farre as he wished, yet he so impounded and constreined them +to kéepe within the woods and mountains, that they durst not come +abroad, insomuch that at the length they were glad to sue for peace. + +[Sidenote: William king of Scots doth his homage to king Henrie.] +William king of Scots, successor of Malcolme (who departed this life in +the yeare last past) after he had receiued the crowne of Scotland, came +about this present time into England, and finding king Henrie at London, +did his homage to him as his predecessour Malcolme had doone before. He +made suit also to haue Northumberland restored vnto him, which the king +of Englands mother the empresse had in times past giuen vnto king Dauid. +But king Henrie gaue diuerse reasons to excuse himselfe whie he might +not deliuer that countrie to him at that present, namelie, without +consent of a parlement: wherevpon king William perceiuing how the matter +went, gaue ouer his suit for that present, meaning (when occasion +serued) to attempt the getting thereof by force, sith that by praier and +suit he sawe well inough he should not obteine it. + +Moreouer, the Scotish king being required by king Henrie to go ouer with +him into Normandie, granted so to doo: insomuch that king Henrie, hauing +set all things in order within his realme of England, in the Lent +following passed ouer into Normandie. [Sidenote: _N. Triuet._ _Matth. +Paris._ _Ger. Dor._] But before he tooke his iourneie, he set foorth a +decree consisting of these points in effect as followeth. + + [Sidenote: An edict against the archbishop Becket.] + 1 That no man should bring any letters or commandement from pope + Alexander, or Thomas archbishop of Canturburie into England, + conteining an interdiction of the realme: vpon perill to be + apprehended and punished as a traitour to the king, and an enimie + to the realme. + + 2 That no religious person or préest should be permitted to passe + the seas, or to come into the relme of England, except he had + letters of safe conduct from the iusticers for passage ouer, and + of the king for his returne from thence. + + [Sidenote: Appeales forbidden.] + 3 That no man should appeale to the said pope or archbishop, nor + by their appointment hold any plée: and if any person were found + dooing the contrarie herevnto, he should be taken and committed + to prison. + + 4 That if any maner of person, either spirituall or temporall, + were obedient to the sentence of the interdiction, the same + person should be banished the realme without delaie, and all his + linage with him, so as they should not conueie with them any of + their goods, the which togither with their possessions should be + seized into the kings hands. + + 5 That all spirituall persons, which had any benefices within + England, should haue warning giuen to returne into England within + foure moneths after the same summons pronounced, and that if they + failed hereof, then should the king seize vpon their goods and + possessions. + + 6 That the bishops of London and Norwich, should be (and by + vertue hereof were) summoned to appeare before the kings + iusticers, to make answer for that they had interdicted the lands + of erle Hugh, and excommunicated him. + + 7 That the Peter pence should be gathered and kept. + +[Sidenote: The kings of England and France enteruiew. _Cro. Sigeb._ +_Matth. Paris._] In the octaues of Easter king Henrie came to an +enterview with the French king at Gisors, where they had conference +togither of sundrie matters. + +[Sidenote: King John borne.] This yeare the quéene was deliuered of a +sonne named John, who afterward was king of this realme. + +[Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._ A contribution.] Moreouer, king Henrie calling a +councell of his bishops and barons in Normandie, caused and ordeined a +collection (by their aduise) to be made through all his countries and +dominions of two pence in the pound of euerie mans lands and goods, +iewels and apparell onelie excepted: to be paid this yeare 1166. and for +the space of foure yeares next ensuing, one penie of euerie pound to be +paid yearelie: and those that were not worth twentie shillings in goods +or lands (being housholders notwithstanding) or bare any office, should +paie a penie to this contribution, which was onelie granted for the +releefe of the christians in the east parts, and those that warred +against the miscreants there. The paiment thereof was appointed to be +made in the feast daie of saint Remigius, or within fiftéene daies +after. It was also ordeined, that all such as departed this life, within +the terme that this collection was in force (their debts being paid) +should giue the tenth part of the residue of all their goods vnto this +so necessarie a contribution. + +King Henrie remaining now in Normandie, and vnderstanding that diuerse +lords and barons of Maine, and the marshes of Britaine, would not in his +absence shew themselues obedient vnto his wife quéene Elianor, but were +about to practise a rebellion, raised an armie, and went against them, +easilie subduing them whom he found obstinate: [Sidenote: The castell of +Foulgiers. _Matth. Paris._] and besieging the castell of Foulgiers, +tooke and vtterlie destroied it. + +[Sidenote: Uizeley.] Soone after the archbishop of Canturburie came from +Pountney to Uizeley, and there (on Ascension daie) when the church was +most full of people, got him into the pulpit, [Sidenote: The archbishop +Becket accursed those in England that mainteined the customs of their +elders.] and with booke, bell, and candell solemnelie accurssed all the +obseruers, defenders, and mainteiners, with the promoters of such +customs, as within the realme of England they terme the custome of their +elders: amongst others that were accursed, was Richard de Lucie, Richard +the archdeacon of Poictiers, Jocelin de Bailleuille, Alane de Neuille, +and manie other. But they being absent, & neither called nor conuinced +(as they alleged notwithstanding they were thus excommunicated) sent +their messengers vnto the archbishop, and appealed from him, and so +feared not to enter into their churches. + +[Sidenote: _R. Houe._] He had before this also written certeine letters +vnto his suffragans, denouncing some of these and other persons by +expresse name accursed, not onelie for mainteining the matter against +him, touching the ancient custome of the realme: but also for the +schisme raised in Almaine by Reignald archbishop of Colein, for the +which he accursed one John of Oxford. Moreouer, he accursed Ranulfe de +Broc, Hugh de S. Clere, & Thomas Fitz Bernard, for violentlie seizing +vpon and deteining the goods and possessions belonging to his +archbishoprike, without his consent or agréement therevnto. + +The king on the other part banished out of England, and all parts of his +other dominions, all those persons that were knowen to be of kin vnto +the archbishop, both yoong and old: and furthermore sent aduertisement +to the abbat of Pountney and to his moonks, with whom the archbishop by +the popes appointment remained, that if they kept him stil in their +house, he would not faile to banish all the moonks of their order out of +England. Now the archbishop, after he had remained there scarse two +yeares, departed from thence of his owne accord, and came to the king of +France, who courteouslie receiued him, and sent him to the abbeie of +saint Columbes neere to the citie of Sens, where he remained a certeine +season, as shall be shewed hereafter. + +[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] Shortlie after this, two legats named +William of Pauia, and John of Naples both cardinals, [Sidenote: Legats +from the pope.] came from the pope to Montmiriall, whom the archbishop +suspected rather to fauour the kings cause than his: yet he was +contented that they should haue the iudgment thereof committed vnto +them: so that first (according to the rules of the church) restitution +might be made both to him and his, of such goods as had beene taken from +them. For being spoiled, as he was, he would not stand to any iudgement, +nor could not be compelled thervnto by any reason (as he said.) Now when +the two legats saw that they could not bring any thing to passe, they +departed without any thing concluded. + +[Sidenote: Comes Sagiensis. _N. Triuet._ Alerium.] About this time +William Taiuan earle of Sagium (by the consent of his sons and nephues) +deliuered into the hands of king Henrie the castels of Alerium, and Roch +Laberie, with all the appurtenances to the castels belonging. + +[Sidenote: Conan duke of Britaine deceasseth. _Matt. Paris._] About this +season also Conan the duke of Britaine departed this life, leauing +behind him no issue, but one onelie daughter begot of his wife the +dutchesse Constance, the daughter of the king of Scotland, which +succéeded him in the estate. [Sidenote: A mariage concluded betwixt +Geffrey the kings son and the Duchesse of Britaine. _Wil. Paruus._] +Wherevpon king Henrie made earnest suit to procure a marriage betwixt +hir and his sonne Geffrey, which at length he brought to passe, to the +great comfort and contentation of his mind, in that his sonne had by +such good fortune atteined to the dukedome of Britaine. + +At that season in Britaine were certeine Noble men of such strength and +power, that they disdained to acknowledge themselues subiect to any +superior, in somuch that through ambitious desire of rule and +preheminence, they warred continuallie one against an other, to the +great destruction and vtter vndooing of their miserable countrie, so +that the land sometime fruitfull by nature, was as it were a wildernes. +Wherevpon, those that were the weaker, perceiuing themselues too much +oppressed by the stronger, submitted themselues vnto king Henrie, and +required his aid and succour. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 13.] King Henrie +reioising to haue so good an occasion and opportunitie to reduce them to +reason, with all speed aided these supplicants and subdued the +resistants, notwithstanding their great puissance, & the strength of the +places which they kept. + +[Sidenote: 1167.] In the meane while Henrie came ouer to his father, and +found him at Poictiers, from whence (shortlie after Easter) he remoued, +[Sidenote: _N. Triuet._ King Henrie inuadeth the erle of Aluergnes +lands.] and with an armie entred into the lands of the earle of +Aluergnes, which he wasted and spoiled, bicause the said earle had +renounced his allegiance to king Henrie, and made his resort to the +French king, séeking to sow discord betwixt the foresaid two kings: +which was kindled the more by a challenge pretended about the sending of +the monie ouer into the holie land, which was gathered within the +countie of Tours: for the French king claimed to send it, by reason that +the church there apperteined to his dominion: and the king of England +would haue sent it, bicause it was gathered within the countrie that +belonged to his gouernement. + +[Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._ The earle of Bolongne prepareth 600. ships to +inuade England.] This yeare a great preparation of ships was made by the +earle of Bullongne, to haue inuaded England, but by the warlike +prouision of Richard Lucie, lord gouernour of the realme, the sea-coasts +were so prouided of sufficient defense, that the earles attempts came to +nothing. The cause why he made this brag, was for that the king withheld +from him certeine reuenues which he claimed to haue here in England, and +therefore he ment to recouer them by force. [Sidenote: The deceasse of +the empresse Maud. _Matth. West._] The empresse Maud mother to the king +of England (a woman in stoutnesse of stomach and warlike attempts more +famous than commonlie any of that sex) deceassed this yere the 10. of +Septem. + +[Sidenote: The sée of Lincolne void 17. yeares.] Also Robert bishop of +Lincolne departed this life, after whose deceasse the sée of Lincolne +was vacant by the space of seuentéene yeares, the king in all that meane +time receiuing the profits. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 14.] [Sidenote: An +ambassage from the emperour.] The elect of Colein came ambassadour from +the emperour vnto the king of England, requiring to haue one of his +daughters giuen in marriage vnto the emperours sonne, and an other of +them vnto Henrie duke of Saxonie: which request the K. did willinglie +grant, and therevpon was the queene sent for to come ouer into +Normandie, and to bring hir sonne the lord Richard and hir daughter the +ladie Maud with hir: [Sidenote: 1168.] which ladie was married vnto the +duke of Saxonie, in the beginning of the yeare next insuing; [Sidenote: +_Matth. West._] and had issue by him three sons, Henrie, Otho, and +William, of which the middlemost came to be emperour. + +The variance still depending betwixt the king and the archbishop of +Canturburie: [Sidenote: Debate betwixt the pope and the Emperour. K. +Henrie offereth to aid the emperour.] there was also about the same time +a great debate betwixt the emperour Frederike the first and pope +Alexander the third: whervpon king Henrie wrote to the emperor, and +signified vnto him, that he would aid him if néed should require against +the pope, who mainteined such a runnagate traitor as the archbishop +Becket was. Moreouer at the same time the king caused all his subiects +within the realme of England, from the child of twelue yeares old vnto +the aged person, to forsweare all obedience that might be pretended as +due to the same pope Alexander. The king for the space of two yeares +togither, remaining still in Normandie, and in other places beyond the +seas, subdued diuerse rebels, as the earle of Angoulesme, Aimerike de +Lucignie, and his sonnes Robert and Hugh. + +[Sidenote: An enterview betwixt the king of England and king of France.] +Also he came to an enterview with the king of France betwixt Pacie and +Maunt, where they communed of such iniuries as were thought to be +attempted on either part. [Sidenote: The kings meet again to commen of +peace.] For the Poictouins had made their resort to the French king, and +were confederate with him against their supreme lord king Henrie, and +had deliuered pledges for assurance thereof, which pledges the French +king would not restore. [Sidenote: A truce.] But yet there was a truce +concluded betwixt them, to endure till the feast of S. John Baptist. + +[Sidenote: Patrike earle of Salisburie slaine.] About the feast of +Easter Patrike the earle of Salisburie was slaine by treason of the +Poictouins, and was buried at Saint Hilaries: after whome his sonne +William succeeded in the earledome. + +The Britons practised rebellions dailie: but king Henrie entring their +countrie, wan diuerse strong townes and castels, and brought them at +length vnder his subiection. Moreouer in this summer season the two +kings met againe at Fert Bernard to treat of peace, but they departed +without concluding any agréement at all. For there were manie of the +Poictouins and Britons, which tooke part with the king of France, and +hauing deliuered vnto him hostages, had a promise made them, that the +French king should not conclude an agréement with the king of England +without their consent. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 15. 1169.] Hervpon they made +warres either vpon other, till finallie (about the feast of the +Epiphanie) a peace was accorded betwixt them: [Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._ _N. +Triuet._] and then Henrie the king of Englands sonne made his homage +vnto the French king for the countie of Aniou: and the French king +granted him the office of the Seneschalcie of France, which ancientlie +belonged vnto the earles of Aniou. [Sidenote: Geffrey duke of Britaine.] +Also Geffrey duke of Britaine did homage to his elder brother the +aforesaid Henrie, by commandement of his father, for the duchie of +Britaine. And afterwards the same Geffrey went into Britaine, and at +Rheines receiued the homage and fealtie of the lords and barons of that +countrie. + +King Henrie in the meane while subdued certeine rebels in Gascoine, and +returning into Normandie, built a goodlie towne and fortresse neere to +Haie de Malafrey, ycleped Beauver. + +[Sidenote: Haruey de Yuon.] About the same time one Haruey de Yuon, who +had married the daughter of one William Goieth, (that died in his +iournie which he tooke into the holie land) deliuered certeine castels +into the hands of king Henrie, bicause he was in despaire to keepe them +against Theobald earle of Chartres, who through the French kings aid, +sought to dispossesse him of the same castels: wherevpon the war was +renewed betwixt the king of England and the said earle of Chartres. +Neuerthelesse king Henrie making no great accompt of those wars, went +into Britaine with his sonne Geffrey, where going about the countrie to +visit the cities and townes, he reformed many disorders, laieng as it +were a maner of a new foundation of things there, fortifieng the +castels, cities and townes, and communing in courteous manner with the +lords and péeres of the countrie, sought to win their good wils: and so +in such exercises he spent a great part of the time. + +[Sidenote: An. Reg. 16. 1170.] He kept his Christmasse at Nauntes, +whither all the great lords and barons of Britaine resorted to him. The +solemnitie of which feast being past, he entred into the lands of earle +Eudo, and wasted the same, till the said earle submitted himself. At +length, after the king had taken order for the good gouernement of +Normandie, and his other countries on that side the sea, he returned +into England in the first wéeke of March, but not without great danger, +by reason of a tempest that tooke him on the seas, beginning about +midnight, and not ceassing till 9. of the clocke in the morning, about +which houre he came on land at Portesmouth, not with many of his ships, +the rest being tossed and driuen to séeke succour in sundrie créeks and +hauens of the land, and one of them which was the cheefest and newest, +was lost in the middle of the flouds, together with 400. persons, men & +women: among whome was Henrie de Aguell with two of his sons, Gilbert +Sullemuy, and Rafe Beumont the kings physician & houshold seruant. + +[Sidenote: _Polydor._ Dauid was made knight by K. Henrie as _Houedon_ +hath.] After this the king held his Easter at Winsor, whither William +the Scotish king came with his brother Dauid, to welcome him home, and +to congratulat his happie successe in his businesse on the further side +the seas. They were honorablie enterteined, and at their departure +princelie rewarded. [Sidenote: A prudent consideration of the king.] The +king thus returned into England, punished the shiriffes of the land very +gréeuously for their extortion, briberie, and rapine. After this, +studieng how to assure the estate of the realme vnto his sons, vpon good +consideration remembring that no liuing creature was more subiect to the +vncerteintie of death than Adams heires, [Sidenote: Mans nature +ambitious.] and that there is ingraffed such a feruent desire in the +ambitious nature of man to gouerne, that so oft as they once come in +hope of a kingdome, they haue no regard either of right or wrong, God or +the diuell, till they be in possession of their desired prey: he thought +it not the worst point of wisedome to foresee that which might happen. +For if he should chance to depart this life, and leaue his sons yoong, +and not able to mainteine wars through lacke of knowledge, it might +fortune them through the ambition of some to be defrauded and +disappointed of their lawful inheritance. Therefore to preuent the +chances of fortune, he determined whilest he was aliue to crowne his +eldest sonne Henrie, being now of the age of 17. yeares, and so to +inuest him in the kingdome by his owne act in his life time: which deed +turned him to much trouble, as after shall appeare. + +Being vpon this point resolued, he called togither a parlement of the +lords both spirituall and temporall at London, [Sidenote: _R. Houed._] +and there (on S. Bartholomews daie) proclaimed his said sonne Henrie +fellow with him in the kingdome, whom after this on the sundaie +following, [Sidenote: Henrie the son crowned the 18. of Julie saith +_Matth. Paris._] being the fouretéenth daie of June 1170. Roger +archbishop of Yorke did crowne according to the manner, being commanded +so to doo by the king. This office apperteined vnto the archbishop of +Canturburie, but bicause he was banished the realme, the king appointed +the archbishop of Yorke to doo it, [Sidenote: _W. Paruus._] which he +ought not to haue doone without licence of the archbishop of Canturburie +within the precinct of his prouince (as was alledged by archbishop +Becket) who complained thereof vnto pope Alexander, and so incensed the +pope, that he being highly moued by his letters, [Sidenote: The archb. +of Yorke is forbidden the vse of the sacraments.] forbad not onelie the +archbishop of Yorke, but also Gilbert bishop of London, and Jocelin +bishop of Salisburie (who were present at the coronation) the vse of the +sacraments, which made king Henrie far more displeased with the +archbishop Thomas than he was before. + +[Sidenote: _Matt. Paris._ _Polydor._ The king became seruitor to his +sonne.] Upon the daie of coronation, king Henrie the father serued his +sonne at the table as sewer, bringing vp the bores head with trumpets +before it, according to the maner. Whervpon (according to the old adage, + Immutant mores homines cùm dantur honores) + [Sidenote: Honours change manners.] +the yoong man conceiuing a pride in his heart, beheld the standers-by +with a more statly countenance than he had béen woont. The archbishop of +Yorke, who sat by him, marking his behauior, turned vnto him, & said; +[Sidenote: Yong men set vp in dignitie easilie forget themselues.] "Be +glad my good sonne, there is not an other prince in the world that hath +such a sewer at his table." To this the new king answered, as it were +disdainefullie, thus: "Why doost thou maruell at that? My father in +doing it, thinketh it not more than becommeth him, he being borne of +princelie bloud onlie on the mothers side, serueth me that am a king +borne hauing both a king to my father, and a queene to my mother." Thus +the yoong man of an euill and peruerse nature, was puffed vp in pride by +his fathers vnseemelie dooings. + +But the king his father hearing his talke, was verie sorrowfull in his +mind, and said to the archbishop softlie in his eare: "It repenteth me, +it repenteth me my lord, that I haue thus aduanced the boy." For he +gessed hereby what a one he would prooue afterward, that shewed himselfe +so disobedient and froward alreadie. But although he was displeased with +himselfe in that he had doone vndiscréetlie, yet now when that which was +doone could not be vndoone, he caused all the Nobles and lords of the +realme togither with the king of Scots and his brother Dauid, to doo +homage vnto his said sonne thus made fellow with him in the kingdome: +but he would not release them of their oth of allegiance, wherein they +stood bound to obeie him the father, so long as he liued. + +¶ Howbeit some write that he renounced his estate, first before all the +lords of the land, and after caused his sonne to be crowned: but in such +vncerteine points set foorth by parciall writers, that is to be receiued +as a truth, which is confirmed by the order and sequele of things after +doone and put in practise. For true it is, that king Henrie the father +(so long as his sonne liued) did shew himselfe sometime as fellow with +his sonne in gouernement, and sometime as absolute king: and after his +sons decease, he continued in the entier gouernment, so long as he +liued. But to procéed. + +The French king hearing that his sonne in law was thus crowned, and not +his daughter the wife of Henrie the sonne, [Sidenote: The French king +offended.] was highlie offended therewith, and threatned to make war +against king Henrie the father, except his daughter Margaret might +receiue the crowne also as quéene immediatlie. + +The cause why she was not crowned, was by reason of hir yoong yeares, +and for that she had not as yet accompanied with hir husband. But K. +Henrie the father vnderstanding the French kings threats, sailed ouer +into Normandie, where whilest they prepared for war on both sides, by +the earnest diligence of Theobald earle of Blois, [Sidenote: An +enteruiew of the kings. _R. Houed._] both the kings came to an enteruiew +at Uendosme, where at length they were accorded, vpon promise made by +king Henrie, that he would cause his sonne to be crowned againe, and +with him his wife the said Margaret the French kings daughter as quéene. + +The French king contented therewith, departed homewards, and king Henrie +returning came to Uernon, where he fell into so great a sicknesse, that +anon it was noised ouer all the countrie. [Sidenote: He made his +testament. _Rog. Houed._] Insomuch that he was in such despaire of life, +that he made his testament: wherein he assigned his sonne Richard the +dutchie of Aquitaine, and all those lands which came by quéene Elianor +the mother of the same Richard. And to his sonne Geffrey he bequeathed +Britaine (with the daughter of earle Conan) which he had purchased to +his vse of the French king. And to his sonne king Henrie he gaue the +dutchie of Normandie, and all those lands which came by his father +Geffrey earle of Aniou. And to his yoongest sonne John be bequeathed the +earledome of Mortaine. And finally appointed where he would haue his +bodie to be buried. + +[Sidenote: _Polydor._ King Henrie the sonne his misorder.] In the meane +time Henrie the sonne remaining at home in England, fell from all good +order of measure kéeping, and gaue himselfe to all excessiue riot, +spending and wasting his reuenues inordinatelie. Of which behauiour his +father being aduertised, returned into England, where he taried not +long, but passed ouer againe into Normandie, hauing his said sonne in +his companie, [Sidenote: An. Reg. 16. 1170.] meaning thereby to remoue +him from the companie of those that were verie like to corrupt this +nature, and frame the same to all lewdnesse: for he knew that + ---- commercia turpia sanctos + Corrumpunt mores: multi hoc periere veneno, + Labimur in vitium & facilè ad peiora mouemur. + +In this meane while Thomas the archbishop of Canturburie remained in +exile almost six yeares, and could not be restored, till partlie by +swelling threats of the pope, and partlie at the earnest suit of Lewes +the French king, Theobald earle of Blois, and others king Henrie began +somewhat to shew himselfe conformable towards an agréement. + +[Sidenote: _Ex Quadrilagio._ The king and the arch. Becket met togither +in the presence of the French king.] Wherevpon the two kings met diuerse +times, and the archbishop Thomas comming with the French king, at one +time humbled himselfe so to the king of England, that knéeling downe at +his féet, he said: "My souereigne liege lord, I commit the whole cause +of the controuersie betwixt your grace and me, vnto your maiesties +order, Gods honour onlie reserued." + +The king offended with that ambiguous exception, said to the king of +France: "Whatsoeuer displeaseth this man, is taken (as he interpreteth +it) contrarie to Gods honour, and so by that shift will he chalenge to +himselfe all that belongeth vnto me. But bicause you shall not thinke +that I go about to resist Gods honour, or him, in any reasonable order, +looke what the greatest and most holie of all his ancestors haue doone +vnto the meanest of mine ancestours, let him doo the same vnto me, and I +am contented therewith." + +All the companie present cried, "that the king humbled himselfe enough." +"My lord archbishop (said the French king) will you be greater than +saints, and better than saint Peter? Wherof stand you in doubt? Behold, +your peace is at hand." [Sidenote: The present state of the church in +Becket daies.] The archbishop made answer in commendation of the present +state of holie church, as thus: "My holie predecessours in their time, +although they cut not all things away that extolled it selfe against +God, yet did they cut off diuers: but if they had plucked vp all by the +hard roots, which might offend, who should now haue raised the fire of +temptation against vs? We are in much better case (thanks be to God) and +as we haue laboured in their lot and number, so are we partakers of +their labour and reward. What if any of them had béene defectiue or +excessiue in any point, are we bound to follow the example of their +defection or excesse? We blame Peter for his denieng of Christ, but we +praise him in reproouing of Neros violence with danger of his life. The +church hath risen and increased out of manie dangerous oppressions, our +fathers haue suffered manie things, bicause they would not forsake the +name of Christ; and ought I to suppresse his honour, to be reconciled +vnto any mans fauour? God forbid, God forbid." + +[Sidenote: The archb. Becket blamed of arrogancie.] When the Noble men +present heard this answer of a subiect against his souereigne, they all +held against him, imputing the fault to the archbishops arrogancie, that +the peace was not made betweene the king and him, insomuch that there +was an erle which openlie said; "Sith he resisteth the will of both the +realmes, he is not worthie to be succoured by either of them from +henceforth: and therefore being cast out of England, let not France +receiue him." + +The councell then being broken vp, the kings departed without bidding +the archbishop farewell, and such as were mediatours for peace, in +departing from this meeting, spake manie reprochfull words to him, +[Sidenote: Archb. Becket wilfull in his owne opinion.] alledging that he +had béene euer stout and wise in his owne conceit, and a folower of his +owne will and opinion: adding that it was a great hinderance to the +church, that he was ordeined archbishop, and that by him the church was +alreadie in part destroied, and would shortlie be altogither brought to +vtter ruine. + +But the archbishop setting a watch before his mouth, kept silence (as +though he had not heard) and folowed the French king with his people. +Manie said by the waie as they iournied, "Behold the archbishop yonder, +which in talke the last night would not for the pleasure of the king +denie God, nor kéepe his honor in silence." + +After this, when the archbishop was come to Sens, and aduised with +himselfe whether it should be best for him to go, at length he said, +"God is able in the last point of miserie and distresse, to helpe those +that be his." Herewith came a messenger from the French king to bring +him to the court, for the French king (as one that had béene better +instructed in the matter) repented himselfe that he had iudged euill of +his answers at the last meeting, and herevpon receiued him againe into +his fauour, and rested not to trauell so much in his cause, that at +length another méeting was assigned at a certeine place neere the +confines of Normandie, [Sidenote: The French K. receiueth the archbishop +Becket againe into fauour.] whither king Henrie came, and there found +Lewes, the archbishop of Rouen, and diuerse other bishops together, with +the foresaid archbishop, who after they had reasoned of the matter +throughlie as they saw cause, [Sidenote: The archb. is reconciled to the +king.] king Henrie receiued the archbishop into his fauour againe, and +promised to redresse all that had béene doone amisse, and pardon all +those that had followed him out of the realme. Wherevpon the king and +the archbishop being reconciled, the archbishop the same day came before +the king, and talked with him. + +Now among other things he required of the K. that it might be lawfull +for him (without offending of his maiestie) to punish (according to the +censures of the church) the iniurie doone vnto him by the archbishop of +Yorke, and other bishops in the coronation of his sonne. The king +granted this, and shewed himselfe so courteous at that time, that (as it +is said) he held his stirrup whiles he mounted on horssebacke. + +¶ Notwithstanding which obsequiousnes of the king, it is to be presumed +that all inward repining could not be so abolished, as that no fragments +remained: but that the archbishop for his part, for the maintenance of +his great title, & the K. for the supportation of his souereigntie, when +opportunitie serued, sought to get aduantage one of another, & acquit +their harts with a new reuenge of an old grudge: for + [Sidenote: _Iuuen. sat._ 15.] + Immortale odium & nunquam sanabile vulnus. + +[Sidenote: The king would not kisse the pax with the archbishop.] But +whereas twise within a few daies after, the king and the said archbishop +met at masse, the king refused to kisse the pax with him. This was +marked as a signe of a fained reconciliation, though in déed he +afterwards interteined him verie courteouslie, and at his departure ouer +into England, tooke leaue of him in fréendlie manner, and directed +letters vnder his sele to his sonne the new king in forme as followeth. +[Sidenote: _Matt. Paris._] + + A letter of the king touching the pacification betweene him and + Thomas Becket. + + Know ye that Thomas the archbishop of Canturburie hath made his + peace with me at my will and pleasure; and therefore I command you, + that both he and his may remaine in peace; and that he and al those + which for his cause departed out of the realme, may haue all their + goods restored, and in such quiet estate be now possessed of them + as at any time within three moneths before their departure from + thence. [Sidenote: The honor of Saltwood.] And further, cause to + come before vs of the best and most ancient knights of the honor of + Saltwood, that vpon their oths they may find what fee the + archbishop ought to haue within that honor, and that which shall + appeare to apperteine vnto him, as in fee, let him inioy the same. + And thus farewell. + +The archbishop (before he tooke his iournie into England) went to visit +the French king, and to giue him thanks for his great paines and trauell +susteined in his cause, [Sidenote: The French kings aduise to the +archbish. Becket.] who aduised him in no wise as yet to commit himselfe +to present danger amongst his new reconciled enimies, but rather to +staie till their malice were somewhat assuaged. For he perceiued by king +Henries words & countenance such a deepe rooted displeasure in his hart, +that he agréed to receiue him into fauour rather by compulsion and +against his will than otherwise. + +But when the archbishop would needs depart & go ouer into England, the +French K. suffered him so to doo, dooing him all the honor he could at +his leaue taking. [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ The archbishop Becket +returneth into England.] Then the archbishop departing out of France, +came into England, and landed at Sandwich about the first of December, +in the seuenth yeare after his first departure out of the realme. +Shortlie after his arriuall, Roger the archbishop of Yorke, Gilbert +bishop of London, and Jocelin bishop of Salisburie, with diuerse other, +came vnto him as to the popes legat, and required that it might please +him to restore them to the ministration of their offices againe; whose +request be granted, but yet vpon condition, that they should vndertake +to stand to his iudgement and order in all things, which (by the +counsell of the archbishop of Yorke) they vtterlie refused. + +¶ Here authors agrée not (as Polydor trulie saith) for some write that +archbishop Thomas (immediatlie vpon his returne into England) denounced +the archbishop of Yorke with the bishops of Salisburie and London +accurssed, whereas before they were depriued of the vse and +administration of the sacraments. Some others write, that now at his +comming ouer into England from his exile, he depriued them onlie of the +ministration of the sacraments, togither with the bishops of Excester, +Chester, Rochester, S. Asaph, & Landaff, which had personallie béene +present at the coronation of king Henrie the sonne, to the derogation of +the dignitie of their primat the archbishop of Canturburie (as before +you haue heard.) It shuld seeme yet by Ger. Dorober. that the archbishop +of Yorke, and the bishop of Durham were suspended, and the bishops of +London, Salisburie, and diuerse other excommunicated. + +[Sidenote: The archbish. of Yorke and other go ouer to the king to +complaine of the archbishop Becket. _Ger. Dor._] But how soeuer he vsed +them, the archbishop of Yorke, the two bishops London and Salisburie, +being offended with his dooings, sailed ouer into Normandie, and there +complained to king Henrie of iniuries doone to them by archbishop +Thomas, gréeuouslie accusing him that he went about to take awaie their +libertie of priesthood, to destroie, corrupt, and finallie to abolish +both the lawes of God and man, togither with the ancient decrées and +statutes of their elders; in somuch that he tooke vpon him to exclude +bishops at his pleasure from the companie of christian men, and so being +excluded, to banish them for euer: to derogat things meerelie +preiudiciall to the kings roiall prerogatiue; and finallie to take awaie +from all men the equitie of laws and ciuill orders. + +The king giuing eare to their complaint, was so displeased in his mind +against archbishop Thomas, that in open audience of his lords, knights, +and gentlemen, [Sidenote: The occasion of the kings words that cost +bish. Becket his life.] he said these or the like words: "In what +miserable state am I, that can not be in rest within mine owne realme, +by reason of one onelie préest? Neither is there any of my folkes that +will helpe to deliuer me out of such troubles." + +There were some that stood about the king, which gessed by these words, +that his mind was to signifie how he would haue some man to dispatch the +archbishop out of the waie. The kings displeasure against the archbishop +was knowne well inough, which caused men to haue him in no reuerence at +all, so that (as it was said) it chanced on a time, that he came to +Strowd in Kent, where the inhabitants meaning to doo somewhat to his +infamie, being thus out of the kings fauour, and despised of the world, +cut off his horsses taile. + +[Sidenote: The knights that slue the archbishop Becket.] There were some +also of the kings seruants, that thought after an other maner of sort to +reuenge the displeasure doone to the kings maiestie, as sir Hugh +Moreuille, sir William Tracie, sir Richard Britaine, and sir Reignold +Fitz Urse, knights, who taking aduice togither, and agréeing in one mind +and will, tooke shipping, & sailed ouer into England, landing at a place +called Dogs hauen, néere Douer. + +Now the first night they lodged in the castell of Saltwood, which +Randulfe de Broc had in keeping. The next morning (being the 29. of +December, and fift daie of Christmasse, which as that yeare came about +fell vpon a tuesdaie) hauing gotten togither certeine souldiers in the +countrie thereabouts, came to Canturburie, and first entring into the +court of the abbeie of S. Augustine, they talked with Clarenbald the +elect abbat of that place: and after conference had with him, they +proceeded in their businesse as followeth. + +[Sidenote: Reignold Fitz Urse. That is betwéene 4. and 5. in the +euening.] The first knight sir Reignold Fitz Urse came to him about the +eleuenth houre of the daie, as the archbishop sat in his chamber, and +sitting downe at his feet vpon the ground without any manner of greeting +or salutation, at length began with him thus: "Being sent of our +souereigne lord the king from beyond the seas, we doo here present vnto +you his Graces commandements, to wit, that you should go to his sonne +the king, to doo vnto him that which apperteineth vnto you to doo vnto +your souereigne lord, and to do your fealtie vnto him in taking an oth, +and further to amend that wherein you haue offended his maiestie." +Wherevnto the archbishop answered: "For what cause ought I to confirme +my fealtie vnto him by oth? or wherein am I giltie in offending the +kings Maiestie?" [Sidenote: An oth required of him for his baronie.] Sir +Reignold said: "For your baronie, fealtie is demanded of you with an +oth, and an other oth is required of those clerkes, which you haue +brought with you, if they meane to continue within the land." The +archbishop answered: "For my baronie I am readie to do to the king +whatsoeuer law or reason shall allow: but let him for certeine hold, +that he shall not get any oth either of me or of my clerks." "We knew +that (said the knight) that you would not doo any of these things which +we proponed vnto you. Moreouer the king commandeth you to absolue those +bishops that are excommunicated by you without his licence." Wherevnto +he said: "The bishops are excommunicated not by me, but by the pope, who +hath therto authoritie from the Lord. If in déed he hath reuenged the +inurie doone to my church, I confesse that I am not displeased +therwith." Then said the knight: "Sith that such things in despite of +the king doo please you, it is to be thought that you would take from +him his crowne, and be called and taken for king your selfe, but you +shall misse of your purpose surelie therein." The archbishop answered: +"I do not aspire to the name of a king, rather would I knit three +crownes vnto his crowne if it lay in my power." + +[Sidenote: The knights command the moonks to sée the archbishop kept +safe.] At length after these and such words, the knights turning them to +the moonks, said: "In the behalfe of our souereigne lord the king, we +command you, that in any wise ye keepe this man safe, and present him to +the king when it shall please his grace to send for him." The archbishop +said: "Doo ye thinke that I will run away? I came not to run away, but +looke for the outrage and malice of wicked men." "Truelie (said they) +you shall not runne away," and herewith went out with noise and +threatnings. [Sidenote: John de Salisburie the archb. Beckets +chancellor.] Then maister John of Salisburie his chancellor said vnto +him: "My lord, this is a woonderfull matter that you will take no mans +counsell: had it not beene méet to haue giuen them a more méeke and +gentle answer?" [Sidenote: The archbishops resolution.] But the +archbishop said: "Surelie I haue alreadie taken all the counsell that I +will take, I know what I ought to doo." Then said Salisburie, "I pray +God it may be good." Now the knights departing out of the place, +[Sidenote: The knights put on their armor.] and going about to put on +their armour, certeine came to the archbishop, & said; "My lord, they +arme themselues." "What forceth it? said he, let them arme themselues." + +Now when they were armed, and manie other about them, they entred into +the archbishops palace. Those that were about the archbishop cried vpon +him to flée; but he sat still and would not once remoue, till the moonks +brought him euen by force & against his will into the church. The +comming of the armed men being knowne; [Sidenote: The moonks with force +bring the archbishop into the church.] some of the moonks continued +singing of euensong, and some sought places where to hide themselues, +other came to the archbishop, who was loth to haue entred into the +church, and when he was within, he would not yet suffer them to make +fast the doores, so that there was a great stur among them, but cheeflie +when they perceiued that the armed men went about to séeke for the +archbishop, by meane whereof their euensong was left vnfinished. + +At length the knights with their seruants hauing sought the palace, +[Sidenote: The knights enter the church.] came rushing into the church +by the cloister doore with their swords drawne, some of them asking for +the traitor, and some of them for the archbishop, who came and met them, +saieng; "Here am I, no traitor, but the archbishop." [Sidenote: As +though archbishops can be no traitors.] The formost of the knights said +vnto him: "Flee; thou art but dead," To whome the archbishop said, "I +will not flée." The knight stept to him taking him by the sléeue, and +with his sword cast his cap besides his head, and said, "Come hither, +for thou art a prisoner." "I will not (said the archbishop) doo with me +here what thou wilt:" and plucked his sleeue with a mightie strength out +of the knights hand. Wherewith the knight stepped backe two or thrée +paces. [Sidenote: The courage of the archb.] Then the archbishop turning +to one of the knights, said to him, "What meaneth this, Reignold? I +haue doone vnto thée manie great pleasures, and commest thou now vnto +me into the church armed?" Unto whome the knight presentlie answered and +said; "Thou shalt know anon what is ment, thou art but dead: it is not +possible for thee any longer to liue." Unto whom the archbishop +answered: "I am readie to die for my God, and for the defense of his +iustice and the libertie of the church; gladlie doo I imbrace death, so +that the church may purchase peace and libertie by the shedding of my +blood." And herewith taking on other of the knights by the habergeon, he +floong him from him with such violence, that he had almost throwne him +downe to the ground. This was sir Will. Tracie, as he after confessed. + +Then the archbishop inclined his head after the maner of one that would +praie, pronouncing these his last words: "To God, to saint Marie, and to +the saints that are patrones of this church, and to saint Denise, I +commend my selfe and the churches cause." Therewith sir Reignold +FitzUrse striking a full blow at his head, [Sidenote: Edward of +Cambridge.] chanced to light vpon the arme of a clerke named Edward of +Cambridge, who cast vp his arme to saue the archbishop: but when he was +not able to beare the weight of the blow, he plucked his arme backe, and +so the stroke staied vpon the archbishops head, in such wise that the +bloud ran downe by his face. [Sidenote: The archbish. is slaine.] Then +they stroke at him one after an other, and though he fell to the ground +at the second blow, yet they left him not till they had cut and pashed +out his braines, and dashed them about vpon the church pauement. All +this being doone, they rifled his house, spoiled his goods, and tooke +them to their owne vses, supposing it lawfull for them being the kings +seruants so to doo. + +But doubting how the matter would be taken, after they had wrought their +feat, they got them into the bishoprike of Duresme, there to remaine +till they might heare how the king would take this their vnlawfull +enterprise: though (as they alledged) they had lustilie defended his +cause, and reuenged his quarell as faithfull seruants ought to doo. +Howbeit, it chanced otherwise than they looked it should haue doone: for +king Henrie gaue them so litle thankes for their presumptuous act, +sounding to the euill example of other in breach of his lawes, +[Sidenote: The murtherers come to an euill end. _Matth. Paris._ _W. +Paruus._] that they despairing vtterlie of pardon, fled one into one +place, and another into another, so that within foure yeares they all +died an euill death (as it hath béene reported.) Some write, that they +went to Rome by the kings commandement, and there presented themselues +before the pope, to receiue such penance for their wicked act as he +should enioine them. Herevpon the pope appointed them to go vnto +Jerusalem, their to do their penance, where they remained certeine +yeares, applieng themselues verie diligentlie to performe the +satisfaction of their offense, according to the maner prescribed to them +by the pope, and so at length died. + +[Sidenote: An. Reg. 17. 1171.] This was the end of Thomas Becket +archbishop of Canturburie, which was after he had entred into that see +eight yeares and six moneths, [Sidenote: After their account that begin +the yere on Christmas day.] in the yeare after the birth of our Lord +1171. On Christmas day before his death, which fell that yeare on the +fridaie, he preached a sermon to the people, and when he had made an end +thereof, he accurssed Nigell de Sackeuille, the violent incumbent of the +church of Berges, [Sidenote: Robert de Broc.] and Robert de Broc, both +which had (vpon spite) curtailed the horsse of the said archbishop: and +as the same day whilest he was at the altar, according to his custome, +altogither in teares and lamentation; so at dinner he shewed himselfe +verie pleasant & merrie, insomuch that when those that were at the table +séemed somewhat doubtfull to eat of the flesh that was set before them, +bicause it was friday; "Why do ye abhorre (saith he) to eat flesh? This +day flesh hath a great priuilege, for this same day the word was made +flesh, and came into light, and appeared vnto vs." These his words +greatlie contented all the companie. + +¶ Thus you haue heard the tragicall discourse of ambitious Becket, a man +of meane parentage, and yet through the princes fauour verie fortunate, +if he had not abused the beneuolence of so gratious a souereigne by his +insolencie and presumption. Wherein we haue to note, how vnseemelie a +thing it was for him, being called to so sacred a function, to lead so +secular and prophane a life, as if he had professed open hostilitie to +the vocation which he pretended to honour and reuerence. We are also +taught, that promotions atchiued by ambition are not permanent, and are +so farre from procuring fame and renowne to the obteiners, that they +turne them in the end to shame, infamie and reproch, after losse of life +and effusion of bloud. The issue of all which tragedie is to be imputed +to the prouidence and counsell of almightie God, as one writeth verie +agréablie to this purpose, saieng, + [Sidenote: _Hesi. in lib. cui tit. op. & dies._] + Nam facilè extollit facilè elatúmq; refrænat, + Et clarum obscurans, obscuri nomen adauget. + Erigit & miserum facilè extinguítque superbum + Iuppiter altifremus, cui celsum regia cœlum. + +[Sidenote: King Henrie sorie for the archb. Beckets death. _Polydor._] +But to let this matter passe. King Henrie doubtlesse was right pensiue +for his death, bicause he wist well inough that it would be iudged, that +he himselfe was priuie to the thing: and euen so it came to passe, for +immediatlie vpon notice giuen into France of the archbishops death, king +Lewes, and Theobald the earle of Blois, as they that loued him most +deerelie were most sorowfull for it, and iudging straightwaie that king +Henrie was the procurer, they wrote their letters vnto pope Alexander, +giuing him to vnderstand both of the slaughter, and how king Henrie had +caused it to be put in execution, requiring most instantlie, that such +an iniurie doone to the Christian religion, might spéedilie be punished. +The pope was much offended, and determined to haue the matter throughlie +considered and ordered, so as might stand with his dignitie, and +accordinglie as the hainous state of the case required. King Henrie +whilest these things were a dooing, lay certein daies at Argenton, so +much displeased in his mind, that he would suffer no man once to speake +to him about any maner of businesse. + +[Sidenote: King Henrie sendeth ambassadours to the pope.] At length, he +sent his ambassadors to Rome, partlie to purge himselfe of the +archbishops death, partlie to excuse his fault, for that in his furie he +had vttered words against the archbishop, which had giuen occasion to +naughtie men to contriue his death, & partlie to require the pope to +send his legats into England, to make inquirie both for the death of the +archbishop, and also of the state of the clergie. The kings ambassadors +found the pope at Tiuoli, and there were heard to declare their message: +but little credit was giuen to their words, in so much that the pope +plainelie told them, that he vnderstood the matter to be much otherwise +than they had declared. Yet according to the kings request, he sent two +of his cardinals into England, which vpon due examination, might +vnderstand the truth of the matter thoroughlie as apperteined. + +[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] There be that write, that the king sent +ambassadours twice vnto the pope, for the first that went, could not +come to his presence, nor be suffered to declare their message: those +that were sent the second time, were receiued of some of the cardinals, +but yet onelie with words without anie other way of freendlie +interteinement. At length, when the feast of Easter drew néere, on the +which either absolution or excommunication was to be denounced against +euerie man, there were certeine of the cardinals which gaue intelligence +to the English ambassadours, that the pope by aduice of the colledge, +meant on the thursdaie before Easter daie to declare the sentence of +interdiction against the king of England, and against all his dominions, +and to confirme that which had beene alreadie pronounced against Richard +the archbishop of Yorke, and the other bishops his complices. + +The ambassadours being brought to a streict issue herewith, by helpe of +some of the cardinals found meanes to haue it put into the popes head, +how the English ambassadours had commission to vndertake, that the king +of England should obeie in all things what order soeuer it pleased the +pope and his court to award him. Herevpon they tooke their oth, that it +should so be, and by that meanes they auoided the interdiction. The +messengers of the archbishop of Yorke & the other bishops vsed the like +shift, but yet the same daie the pope did excommunicate the knights that +had murthered the archbishop Thomas, and all those that had procured, +aided, succoured, or abetted them therein. [Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._ The +ambassadours were glad to vse a shift by briberie.] Some write, that +those ambassadours which the king sent to the court of Rome, could not +be suffered to come to the popes presence, till according to the +fashion, they had giuen 500. marks in reward, and so at length were +admitted to his presence. + +Howsoeuer that matter passed, the king stood in great feare least his +land should be interdicted, in so much that he commanded the wardens of +the ports both on this side the sea and beyond, to take good héed, least +any cōming with letters of interdiction should passe into England; +but if any such came, that the bringer should be arrested and committed +to prison. Also he commanded, that no clearke were suffered to come ouer +into England, except he first tooke an oth that he came about no +businesse that might turne to the preiudice of the king or his realme. +This commandement he set forth, at what time he transported ouer into +England himselfe, where he landed this yeare at Portesmouth the third +daie of August. About which time it came into the kings mind, to make a +conquest of Ireland vpon this occasion. + +[Sidenote: Sundrie rulers in Ireland.] It chanced, whereas diuerse +rulers or (as we may call them) petie kings reigned the same seson in +that Iland (which was diuided into seuerall estates or kingdomes) that +continuall strife and dissention remained amongst them, so that +oftentimes they made sore war after the manner of their countrie one +against an other, (for + [Sidenote: _Luc. lib. 1._] + Nulla fides regni socijs, omnisque potestas + Impatiens consortis erit.) + +Herevpon it fortuned, that one of those kings or rulers, about the 14. +yeare of this kings reigne, was sore afflicted and oppressed by his +neighbours, wherevpon taking aduice what he might best doo for remedie +in that case, [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _W. Paruus._ Sée more hereof in +Ireland.] at length he sent his son into England to reteine souldiours +and men of warre, and to bring them ouer vnto his aid in hope of gaine, +& such commodities as he assured them of. + +Now it came to passe, that by the assistance of such Englishmen as then +came ouer, the foresaid Irish king began to recouer his losses, and in +the end waxed so strong, that he subdued all his enimies. When he had +thus obteined the victorie, he did not onelie not send backe his aiders, +but so liberallie reteined them still with him, that they had no hast to +returne home, but setled themselues in that countrie, where they liued a +pleasant and verie licentious life. For this cause also the stoutest +lords and rulers of the Irish nation began sore to stomach the matter +against him that had thus brought the English nation into their +countrie, in so much that the Englishmen perceiuing their malice, and +therewithall hauing some feare of themselues, bicause of their small +number, they sent ouer into England for such as wanted liuing, and were +willing to seeke for it in other countries, of which sort, great numbers +went ouer thither within a short space, whereby the multitude of the +English greatlie increased: [Sidenote: Erle Strangbow. _N. Triuet._] but +for as much as they had no ruler to gouerne them, they procured Richard +Strangbow earle of Struguille, aliàs Chepstow in Wales to come ouer +thither, and to receiue the souereigne gouernement, with such honorable +prouision for maintenance of his estate, as should séeme requisit. + +[Sidenote: _N. Triuet._ _Wil. Paruus._] ¶ Some write, that this earle +Richard (being also earle Marshall of England) for a rebellion moued +against king Henrie, had before this time forfeited all his lands; but +others affirme that through riot and more sumptuous port than his +abilitie might beare, he had made awaie and consumed the most part of +his liuing, and was run so far in debt, that he knew not how to satisfie +his creditors, and therefore was he the readier to incline to their +request, which made labour vnto him to come ouer into Ireland to haue +the gouernance of such English people, as had alreadie planted +themselues there to inhabit & remaine. Herevpon he prepared a nauie, and +assembled togither a great number of such as lacked liuing, and shortlie +determined to passe ouer into Ireland. [Sidenote: Strangbow +countermanded.] But euen as he was readie to set forward, there came +vnto him messengers from king Henrie, commanding him to staie, and not +to take that iournie in hand. Howbeit the earle hauing nothing in +England whereof to make anie great accompt, notwithstanding the kings +commandement, tooke the sea, and passed ouer into that countrie, where +he greatlie delited such Englishmen as dailie had looked for his repaire +and comming thither. + +Shortlie after, ioining those which he brought ouer with him, with the +other that were there before his comming, he thought to worke some feat, +whereby he might make his name famous, & cause the Irishmen to haue him +in feare. [Sidenote: Dublin won. Additions to _Iohn Pike._] Wherevpon he +first assailed the citie of Dublin, and by force wan it. He likewise wan +Waterford, & diuerse other townes neere vnto the sea side. Also to haue +some freendship amongst those barbarous people, [Sidenote: Strangbow +marrieth Dermutius his daughter.] he married the daughter of the +confederate king, and so grew into verie great estimation in that +countrie and region. + +Howbeit, with these and the like doings of the earle, king Henrie tooke +such displeasure (but chéeflie for disobeieng his commandement) that he +confined him the realme, [Sidenote: Strangbow confined.] seized his +lands as forfeited, and by proclamation restreined all his subiects from +passing into Ireland with any kind of merchandize, prouision of vittels, +or other commodities whatsoeuer. By reason whereof, earle Strangbow, +partlie by constreint, [Sidenote: He séeketh to procure the kings +fauour.] and partlie in hope to returne into fauour with king Henrie, +and for other respects as may be coniectured, aduertised him of the +whole state of the countrie of Ireland, promising him, that if it would +please his grace to come ouer thither, he would so worke that he should +be admitted souereigne lord of all the land. [Sidenote: The king +pardoneth him. _N. Triuet._[3]] Heerevpon king Henrie pardoned him of +all former trespasses, and restored vnto him all his lands and +inheritances within England and Normandie: and further, confirmed to him +such liuings abroad in Ireland out of the walled townes, as he held +alreadie in right of his wife: and furthermore ordeined, that he should +be high steward of Ireland vnder him. + +King Henrie then returning out of Normandie into England about the sixt +day of August (as is aforesaid) caused a nauie of 400. ships to be made +readie, [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] and to assemble at Milford hauen in +Penbrokshire, with all such prouision and furniture as was thought +necessarie for such a iournie. Herewith also he leuied a great armie +both of horssemen and footmen, and came forward with the same vnto +Penbroke, and so when all his prouision and ships were readie, +[Sidenote: Milford hauen.] he entred the sea at Milford hauen aforesaid +the sixtéenth daie of October, [Sidenote: King Henrie landeth in +Ireland. Crowch.] and landed in Ireland, at a place called Crowch, not +past seauen miles from Waterford the day next folowing, about nine of +the clocke: and on the morrow after being S. Luke the euangelists day, +he with all his armie marched foorth to Waterford, where he found +William Fitz Aldelme his sewer, and Robert Fitz Bernard, with other +whome he had sent thither before him for such purposes as he thought +most conuenient. He remained at Waterford fiftéene daies, during which +time, there came in vnto him the king of Corke, the king of Limerike, +the king of Ossorie, the king of Méeth, Reignald de Waterford, and +diuerse other great princes of Ireland. [Sidenote: The surrender made by +erle Strangbow.] At his first arriuall, the foresaid earle Richard +surrendred into his hands all those townes and places which he had +subdued in that countrie. + +Herewithall the whole land began to tremble, so that the rulers of +townes and countries sent vnto him messengers; offering to become +tributaries, and to deliuer hostages: [Sidenote: Sundrie rulers in a +land what weakenes it causeth.] for whilest euerie of those rulers which +had the gouernment of Ireland in their hands, feared their owne estate, +and mistrusted their owne powers, they all in maner submitted +themselues, so that this victorie chanced to king Henrie, without the +drawing foorth of his sword, and in such wise, that he could not haue +wished for better or more speedie successe therein. For whereas the +whole Iland was diuided into sundrie dominions, and ruled by sundrie +gouernours, not drawing all one waie, but through factions and contrarie +studies one enuieng an others wealth (for + [Sidenote: _Ouid. li. 3. de art. Stat. 1. Th._] + Non bene cum socijs regna venúsque manent, + ---- Socijsq; comes discordia regnis) +nothing more hindred the fierce and vnquiet nation from making +resistance, than that they could not agrée to take councell togither for +defending of their liberties, and entier state of the commonwelth. +Whervpon, whilest euerie of them apart by himselfe was in doubt to +attempt the hazard of war against so mightie a king, they were all +ouercome, as were the Britons likewise in the time of Cesar and the +Saxons. King Henrie therefore gladlie receiued their humble submission, +and they doing homage vnto him, sware to be his liege and faithfull +subiects. Onelie Roderike gouernour of Connagh refused to submit +himselfe. + +[Sidenote: Roderike K. of Connagh.] This Roderike pretended to be the +chéefe king of Ireland, and therefore kept continuall war with the other +rulers, which was partlie the cause wherefore they submitted themselues +so soone vnto king Henrie. [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _Polydor._ The +nature of the countrie of Connagh.] The said Roderike held that part of +Ireland which lieth toward the west, being full of great and thicke +woods, and defended with verie high & great mountaines, closed also with +waters and marishes, so that it should be verie hard, and speciallie in +the winter season, to bring an armie vnto it: which was the onelie cause +whie king Henrie attempted nothing against Roderike at that time, but +tooke in hand to plant garisons of souldiers in places conuenient to +kéepe the land in quiet, which he had woone alreadie, and to giue order +for the gouernement of the whole estate of the countrie to his behoofe +and commoditie. Hervpon going to Dublin, which is the cheefest citie of +all Ireland, he assembled all the rulers and lords as well spirituall as +temporall togither in councell, consulting with them for the assurance +of the dominion of the land to him and his heires for euermore. + +[Sidenote: The allegation of the Irishmen.] The Irishmen alleged for +themselues, that his deuise therin could not be compassed, vnles the +popes authoritie were therein first obteined: for they affirmed, that +immediatlie vpon receiuing the christian faith, they did submit +themselues, & all that they had, vnto the see of Rome, so that they +could not acknowledge any for their souereigne lord, but onelie the +pope. Which opinion some of them (although vainelie) haue holden vnto +these our daies. King Henrie then vnderstanding this matter, dispatched +ambassadours to Rome, requiring of pope Alexander, that he would by his +authoritie grant him licence to ioine the countrie of Ireland vnto the +realme of England, who went thither with all expedition according to +their charge. + +And certeinelie, these ambassadors whom the king sent now out of Ireland +to Rome in this behalfe, returned with better spéed in their message, +than did the other whom he had sent to him out of Normandie, to excuse +him of the death of the archbishop Thomas. For the pope vpon good aduice +taken in this matter (considering that he had now no profit growing to +him by that Ile, and that the Irish people being wild and rude, were far +off from all good order of christianitie in diuerse points) thought it +would be a meane to bring some gaine to his cofers, and the people more +easilie from their naughtie customes, if they were once made subiect +vnto some christian prince of puissance able to tame them, and +constreine them by force to be more meeke and tractable. In +consideration wherof, he was content to grant vnto the king all that +herein he required. + +Herevpon, king Henrie considering in what respect the pope was so readie +to accomplish his request, [Sidenote: A councell at Cassill.] called a +councell of the bishops to assemble at Cassill, where manie things were +decréed and ordeined for the reforming of diuerse customes vsed before +amongst the Irish men, and méerelie repugnant to the lawes of the +christian religion. [Sidenote: _R. Houed._] There were also appointed as +solicitors in these matters, and to sit as assistants with the Irish +bishops, one of the kings chaplaines named Nicholas, [Sidenote: The +archdeacon of Landaf.] and one Rafe the archdeacon of Landaf. + +1 Amongst other things there concluded, it was ordeined, that children +shuld be brought to the church, there to receiue baptisme in faire +water, with thrée dippings into the same, in the name of the father, the +sonne, and the Holie-ghost, and that by the préests hands, except in +case where danger of death was feared, which then might be doone by any +other person, and in any other place. + +2 Also it was ordeined, that tithes should be paid to churches, and that +such laie men as would kéepe wiues, should keepe them according to the +lawes of holie church, and not otherwise. + +3 The Peter pence also that Adrian reserued in his buls, sent to the +king touching the same matter in the beginning of his reigne (with +diuerse other things) were in like maner appointed to be paid, so that +nothing was omitted that might pleasure the pope, or recouer his +gratious fauour alreadie lost in the matters of Thomas Becket, whereof +you haue alreadie heard. Thus you heare what successe our ambassadours +had in this voiage. ¶ Now will I tell you (yer I procéed any further) +what strange things did happen in England whilest the king was thus +occupied in Ireland, and within the compasse of that yeare, and first of +all, [Sidenote: An. Reg. 18.] in the night before Christmas day last +passed, [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _Matth. West._ A sore tempest.] +[Sidenote: 1172.] there chanced such a tempest of lightning and thunder, +that the like had not bin heard of, which tempest was not onelie +generallie throughout all England, but also in other foreine parts néere +adioining, namelie in Ireland, where it continued all that night, and +Christmas daie following, to so great terror of the people, that they +looked for present death. + +The same night at Andeuer in Hamshire, a préest being in his praiers +before the altar, was striken with the tempest, so that he died yer it +was nine of the clocke in the morning. [Sidenote: Lightning.] Also, a +temporall man that was there the same time, was burned with the +lightning, and whereas his brother being present, ran to him to haue +succoured him, he likewise was caught with the fire, and in like maner +consumed. [Sidenote: _Polydor._] In Ireland also, euill diet in eating +of fresh flesh and drinking of water, contrarie to the custome of the +Englishmen, brought the flix and other diseases in the kings armie, so +that manie died thereof, for + [Sidenote: _Pub. Mim._] + Grauissimum est imperium consuetudinis. +[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] Wherfore, about the beginning of Lent, the +king remoued from Dublin, & went vnto the citie of Wexford, where he +remained till toward Easter, and then prepared to returne into England: +[Sidenote: The kings gift vnto Hugh Lacie.] but before he tooke the sea, +he gaue and by his charter confirmed to Hugh Lacie, all the lands of +Meeth, with the appurtenances, to hold of him & his heires in fee by +knights seruice, as to find him an hundred knights or men of armes (as +we may terme them) for euermore. He gaue also vnto the same Hugh, the +kéeping of the citie of Dublin, and made him chéefe iusticer of Ireland. +Unto Robert Fitz Bernard he committed the cities of Waterford and +Wesseford, that he should kéepe the same to his vse, and build in them +castels, for a more sure defense against the enimies. + +Thus when the king had planted garisons of souldiers in those & other +places also where was thought néedfull; and further had giuen order for +the politike gouernement of the whole countrie, so far as he had +conquered; he first sent ouer his houshold seruants, which tooke the +water on Easter daie, and landed at Milleford, but he himselfe and other +of the Nobles staid there all that daie, by reason of the high +solemnitie of that feast: howbeit the daie next after they tooke the sea +togither, and landed néere to S. Dauids in south Wales, [Sidenote: The +king returneth into England. _Ger. Dor._ The popes legats.] from thence +(without delaie) he hasted foorth to Douer, and hauing his sonne the +yoong king with him, he sailed ouer into Normandie in the crosse weeke +to meet the popes legats, whom he vnderstood to be alreadie come +thither. At his méeting with them there, he gaue them verie good +countenance, and right honorable enterteinment, omitting nothing that +might doo them pleasure. + +Here when the matter came to be discussed touching the death of +archbishop Thomas, bicause it could not be certeinelie tried out in whom +the fault rested, much reasoning to and fro passed, about obiections and +excuses laid (as in doubtfull cases it often happeneth) so that welneere +the space of foure moneths was spent in debating of that matter. In +which meane time, the king to auoid all contention and strife betwixt +him and king Lewes, sent his son Henrie togither with his wife ouer into +England there eftsoones to receiue the crowne, [Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._ +_R. Houed._] and with them came Rotrod the archbishop of Rouen, Giles +bishop of Eureux, Roger bishop of Worcester, and diuerse others. + +Herevpon the yoong king being arriued in England, called an assemblie of +the lords spirituall and temporall at Winchester, [Sidenote: _Rog. +Houed._] where both he and his said wife Margaret daughter to the French +king was crowned with all solemnitie, by the hands of the said Rotrod +archbishop of Rouen vpon the twentie one of August. + +In the meane time (saith one writer) his father king Henrie might haue +foreséene and found means to haue auoided the discord, which euen now +began to spring vp betwixt him and his children, causing a sore and +ciuill warre, if he had not beene a man that vtterlie did detest all +superstitious admonitions. For being told (I wot not by whome) that if +he did not repent, and take more regard to minister iustice, which is a +vertue that conteineth in it selfe all other vertues; it would come to +passe, that within short time he should fall into great and manifold +calamities. + +[Sidenote: A strange apparition.] "In his returne also out of Ireland +(saith an other) vpon the sundaie next after the feast of Easter, +commonlie called Lowsundie, as he should take his horsse at Cardiffe in +Wales, there appeared vnto him a man of pale and wanne colour, +barefooted, and in a white kirtell, who boldlie in the Dutch language +spake vnto him, and admonished him of amendment of life, and to haue +regard that the sabboth daie (commonlie called the sundaie) might be +more duelie kept and obserued, so that no markets nor bodilie workes be +holden, vsed, or doone vpon that day within the bounds of his dominions, +except that which apperteineth to dressing of meats. And if thou doo +(saith he) after this commandement, I assure thée that all things which +thou dooest enterprise of good intent and purpose, shall sort to good +effect and verie luckie end. + +"But the king was not greatlie pleased with these words, and in French +said to the knight that held his bridle; 'Aske of this churle, whether +he had dreamed all this that he telleth or not.' When the knight had +expounded it in English, the man answered, Whether I haue dreamed it in +my sleepe or not, take thou héed to my words, & marke what day this is: +for if thou amend not thy life, and doo as I haue aduertised thée, +before a twelue moneth come to an end, thou shalt heare such tidings as +will make thee sorowfull all the daies of thy life after." The man +hauing thus spoken, vanished awaie suddenlie, and the king tooke his +words but in sport: howbeit he woondered that he was so suddenlie gone, +as he did likewise at his sudden appearing. Manie other warnings the +king had (saith mine author) but he set little thereby. + +The second warning he receiued of an Irishman, that told him of tokens +verie priuie. The third time a knight of Lindsey, called Philip de +Chesterby, passing the sea, came to the king into Normandie, and there +declared vnto him seauen articles, which he should amend, which if he +did, then he should reigne seauen yeares in great honor, and subdue Gods +enimies. If he did not amend and redresse those points, then should he +come to death with dishonour in the fourth yeare. + + 1 The first article or point was, that he should séeke to + mainteine holie church. + + 2 The second, that he should cause rightfull lawes to be + executed. + + 3 The third, that he should condemne no man without lawfull + processe. + + 4 The fourth, that he should restore the lands, goods and + heritages to those rightfull owners from whome he had taken them + by any wrong or vnlawfull meanes. + + 5 The fift, that he should cause euerie man to haue right, + without bribing and giuing of méed. + + 6 The sixt, that he should paie his debts as well due to any of + his subiects, for any stuffe taken vp of them to his vse, as to + his seruants and souldiers, who bicause they could not haue their + wages truelie paid them, fell to robbing and spoiling of true + labouring men. + + 7 The seauenth and last article was, that he should cause the + Jewes to be auoided out of the land, by whom the people were sore + impouerished with such vnmercifull vsurie as they exercised. + +The king (notwithstanding these and other like warnings) tooke no regard +to the amendment of his sinfull life, wherevpon (as is thought) the +troubles which ensued did light vpon him by Gods iust appointment. + +¶ Howsoeuer this may séeme a fable, but no written veritie, & therefore +esteemed as the chaffe of summer flowers; yet as in the tales of Aesop +many good morals are comprised, so the scope whereto this apparition +tendeth being necessarie, maketh the argument it selfe of the more +authoritie. The end therefore being (as you sée) to reuoke the king from +woorse to better, from the swines-stie of vice to the statelie throne of +vertue, from the kennell of sinne to the riuers of sanctitie, prooueth +that euen verie fictions of poets (though of light credit) haue their +drift manie times to honest purpose, and therefore bring with them a +competent weight of profit to the readers. So the scope of this tale +being the same that Dauid pointeth at in the second psalme, when he +saith, + [Sidenote: _Ex G. Buch. paraph. in psal. 2._] + (At vos in populos quibus est permissa potestas, + Et ius ab alta sede plebi dicitis, + Errorum tenebras depellite, discite verum, &c.) +maketh the narration it selfe (though otherwise séeming méere fabulous) +to be somewhat authenticall. But to returne to the course of our storie, +and now to saie somewhat of this Henrie the seconds sonne the yoong +king, by whom the troubles were moued, (note you this) that after he had +receiued the crowne togither with his said wife, they both passed the +seas incontinentlie backe againe into Normandie, [Sidenote: _R. Houed._ +_Ger. Dor._ King Henrie purgeth him selfe of the archbishop Beckets +death.] where on the seauen and twentith of September, at a generall +assemblie holden within the citie of Auranches in the church of the +apostle S. Andrew, king Henrie the father, before the cardinals the the +popes legats, and a great number of bishops and other people, made his +purgation, in receiuing an oth vpon the holie relikes of the saints, and +vpon the sacred euangelists, that he neither willed, nor commanded the +archbishop Thomas to be murthered, and that when he heard of it, he was +sorie for it. But bicause he could not apprehend them that slue the +archbishop, and for that he feared in his conscience least they had +executed that vnlawfull act vpon a presumptuous boldnesse, bicause they +had perceiued him to be offended with the archbishop, he sware to make +satisfaction (for giuing such occasion) in this maner. + + [Sidenote: O vile subiection vnbeséeming a king!] + 1 In primis, that he would not depart from pope Alexander, nor + from his catholike successours, so long as they should repute him + for a catholike king. + + 2 Item, that he would neither impeach appeales, nor suffer them + to be impeached, but that they might freelie be made within the + realme vnto the pope, in causes ecclesiasticall; yet so, that if + the king haue the parties suspected, they shall find him suerties + that they shall not procure harme or hinderance whatsoeuer to him + or to his realme. + + 3 Item, that within thrée yeares after the natiuitie of our lord + next ensuing, he should take vpon him the crosse, and personallie + passe to the holie land, except pope Alexander or his successours + tooke other order with him. + + 4 Prouided, that if vpon any vrgent necessitie he chanced to go + into Spaine to warre against the Saracens there, then so long + space of time as he spent in that iournie, he might deferre his + going into the east parts. + + 5 Item, he bound himselfe in the meane time by his oth, to + emploie so much monie as the templers should thinke sufficient + for the finding of two hundred knights or men of armes, for one + yeares terme in the defense of the holie land. + + 6 Item, he remitted his wrath conceiued against those which were + in exile for the archbishop Thomas his cause, so that they might + returne againe into the realme. + + 7 Item, to restore all the lands and possessions which had béene + taken awaie from the sée of Canturburie, as they were belonging + thereto in the yere before the departure of the archbishop Thomas + out of England. + + 8 Item, he sware to take awaie and abolish all those customes, + which in his time had béene brought in against the church, as + preiudiciall thereto. + +All these articles faithfullie, and without male-ingene to performe and +fulfill in euerie degrée, he receiued a solemne oth, and caused his +sonne the yoong king being there present, to receiue the same for +performance of all those articles, such as touched his owne person +onelie excepted. And to the intent the same should remaine in the popes +consistorie as matter of record, he put his seale vnto the writing +wherein the same articles were ingrossed, togither with the seales of +the aboue mentioned cardinals. + +Shortlie after king Henrie the father suffered the yoong king his son to +go into France, togither with his wife, to visit his father king Lewes, +according as their deputies required, which iournie verelie bred the +cause of the dissention that followed betwixt him and his father. King +Lewes most louinglie receiued them (as reason was) and caused diuers +kinds of triumphant plaies and pastimes to be shewed for the honour and +delectation of his sonne in law and daughter. + +Neuerthelesse, whilest this yoong prince soiourned in France, king Lewes +not hartilie fauouring the king of England, [Sidenote: The French king +séeketh to sow sedition betwixt the father and the sonne.] and +therewithall perceiuing the rash and headstrong disposition of the yong +king did first of all inuegle him to consider of his estate, and to +remember that he was now a king equall vnto his father, and therefore +aduised him so shortlie as he could, to get the entire gouernment out of +his fathers hands: wherevnto he furthermore promised all the aid that +laie in him to performe. + +The yong king being readie inough not onelie to worke vnquietnesse, but +also to follow his father in lawes counsell (as he that was apt of +nature to aspire to the sole gouernement, and loth to haue any partener +in authoritie (according to that of the tragedie-writer, + [Sidenote: _Sen. in Agam._] + Nec regna socium ferre nec tedæ sciunt) +and namelie such one as might controll him) was the more encouraged +thereto by a number of prodigall currie fauours, who by flatterie set +him aloft, declaring vnto him that he was borne to rule, and not to +obeie, and therefore it became not his highnesse to reigne by the +appointment of an other, but rather to haue the gouernement fréelie in +his owne hands, that he might not be counted prince by permission. +Herevpon the youthfull courage of the yong king being tickled, began to +wax of a contrarie mind to his father: who suspecting indéed that which +chanced; to wit (least his sonnes yoong yeares not able yet to discerne +good and wholesome counsell from euill, might easilie be infected with +some sinister practise) thought it not good to suffer him to be long +absent from him, and therefore sent for him: [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] +who taking leaue of his father in law king Lewes in courteous maner, +returned and came to his father king Henrie into Normandie, [Sidenote: +An. Reg. 19. 1173.] who when the feast of Christmas drew néere, repaired +towards Aniou, where in the towne of Chinon, he solemnized that feast, +hauing left his sonne the yong king and his wife all that while in +Normandie: but sending for him after the feast was ended, they went both +into Auvergne, [Sidenote: Hubert earle of Morienne.] where being at +mount Ferrat, Hubert earle of Morienne came vnto them, bringing with him +his eldest daughter Alice, whom king Henrie the father bought of him for +the summe of fiue thousand markes, [Sidenote: A marriage contracted.] +that he might bestow hir in marriage vpon his yongest sonne John with +the heritage of the countie of Morienne, if hir father died without +other issue, or at the leastwise the said Hubert chanced to haue any +sonne lawfullie begotten, that then he should leaue vnto them and to +their heires the countie of Russellon, [Sidenote: _Comitatus +bellensis._] the countie of Belle, as he then had and held the same, +Pierre castell with the appurtenances, the vallie of Noualleise, also +Chambrie with the appurtenances, Aiz, Aspermont, Rochet, mont Magor, and +Chambres, with Burg, all which lieng on this side the mountaines with +their appurtenances, the said Hubert granted to them immediatlie for +euer. And beyond the mountaines he couenanted to giue vnto them Turine +with the appurtenances, the colledge of Gauoreth with the appurtenances, +and all the fées which the earles of Canaues held of him, togither with +the fealties and seruices. And also, the fees, fealties, and seruices +which belonged to him in the countie of Amund, and in the vallie called +Vale Dosta; and in like maner, the towne of Castellone. + +All the forenamed places the said earle gaue and granted to the said +John, sonne to the king of England for euermore, with his daughter, so +fréelie, wholie and quietlie (in men and cities, castels, fortresses, or +other places of defense, in medowes, leassewes, milnes, woods, plaines, +waters, vallies and mountaines, in customes and all other things) as +euer he or his father had held or enioied the same. And furthermore, the +said earle would, that immediatlie (when it pleased the king of England) +his people should doo homage and fealtie to the king of Englands sonne, +reseruing the fealtie due to him so long as he liued. [Sidenote: The +countie of Granople.] Moreouer, the said earle Hubert granted to the +said John and his wife all the right that he had in the countie of +Granople, and whatsoeuer might be got and euicted in the same countie. +It was also couenanted, if the elder daughter died, that then the said +John should marrie the yoonger daughter, and enioy all the like portions +and parts of inheritance as he should haue enioied with the first. + +Finallie, that these couenants, grants and agréements should be +performed on the part and behalfe of the said earle Hubert, both he, the +said earle, and the erle of Geneua, and in maner all the great lords and +barons of those countries receiued an oth, and vndertooke to come and +offer themselues as hostages to remaine with the king of England, in +case the said earle Hubert failed in performance of any of the aforesaid +articles, till he framed himselfe to satisfie the kings pleasure in such +behalfe. + +Furthermore, Peter the reuerend archbishop of Tarensasia, and Ardune the +bishop of Geneua, and also William the bishop of Morienne, with the +abbat of S. Michell promised vpon their oth to be readie at the +appointment of the king of England, to put vnder the censures of the +church the said earle and his lands, refusing to performe the foresaid +couenants, and so to kéepe him and the said lands bound, till he had +satisfied the king of England therein. + +[Sidenote: The earles of Mandeuille and Arundell.] William earle of +Mandeuill, and William earle of Arundell sware on the part of king +Henrie, that he should performe the articles, couenants and agréements +on his part, as first to make paiment immediatlie vnto the said Hubert +of one thousand markes, and as soone as he should receiue his daughter, +he should paie him an other thousand markes at the least, and the +residue then remaining of the said sum of fiue thousand markes, should +be paid when the mariage was consummate. + +It was prouided also, that the said earle Hubert might marrie his +yoonger daughter where he would, without any great diminishing of the +earledome after the first marriage consummate with the lord John, the +king of Englands sonne. And that if either the said lord John, or his +affianced wife chanced to die before the consummation of the marriage, +then should the monie which the earle had receiued, be repaid to the +king, or bestowed as the king should appoint. + +Shortlie after that the parties were agreed vpon the couenants afore +cited, the marques of Montferrat & one Geffrey de Plozac with his sonne +Miles and other Noble men came to the king as ambassadors from the earle +of Morienne, and receiued an oth, that they should see and procure the +said earle to performe the couenants and agreements concluded betwixt +the king and him. When these things were thus ordered, as séemed good to +both parties, for the establishment of the foresaid marriage, the king +the father, and the king the sonne remoued to Limoges, [Sidenote: The +earle of S. Giles.] whither the earle of S. Giles came, and was there +accorded with king Henrie and his sonne Richard duke of Guien, +concerning the controuersie that had béene moued for the countie of +Tholouze, dooing his homage as well vnto the father as to the sonne for +the same countie, [Sidenote: _Nic. Triuet._] and further couenanted to +serue them with an hundred knights or men of armes (as we may call them) +for the terme of fourtie daies at all times, vpon lawfull summons. And +if the king or his sonne duke Richard would haue his seruice longer time +after the fourtie daies were expired, they should paie wages both to him +and his men in reasonable maner. [Sidenote: Tribute for Tholouze.] +Moreouer, the said earle condescended & agreed to give yearelie for +Tholouze an hundred marks, or else 10. horsses with 10. marks a péece. +Now also, whilest the king soiourned at Limoges, the earle of Morienne +came thither to him, and required to vnderstand what parcels of land he +would assigne vnto his sonne John. [Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] Wherevpon the +king resolued to allot vnto him the chappell of Chinon, Lodun and +Mirabell, whereby he offended his eldest sonne the yoong king (as after +may appeare) who was glad to haue occasion (whome the poets faine to be +bald behind and hairie before, as this monastich insinuateth, + Fronte capillata est post est occasio calua) +offered to broch his conceiued purpose of rebellion which of late he had +imagined, and now began to put in practise, vsing the opportunitie of +the time and the state or qualitie of the quarell then taken for his +best aduantage, and meaning to make it an ingredience or entrance to the +malicious conceit which he had kept secret in his hart. + +[Sidenote: _Matth. West._ _N. Triuet._] This yeere the moonks of +Canturburie (by the kings assent) chose for their archbishop one +Richard, who before was prior of Douer, this man was the 39. in number +that had ruled the church of Canturburie, being of an euill life as he +well shewed, in that he wasted the goods of the church inordinatlie. +Roger the abbat of Bechellouin was first chosen, but he refused that +dignitie rather for slothfulnes and idlenes (as some take it) than for +modestie or wisedome: [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] so hard a thing it is +to please the people, which measure all things to be honest or +dishonest, as they eb or flow in profit and gaine. + +The said Richard, after that he was elected, did homage vnto king +Henrie, and sware fealtie vnto him (Saluo semper ordine suo, His order +alwaies saued) without making mention of the customes of the kingdome. +[Sidenote: A councell holden at Westminster.] This was doone at +Westminster in the chappel of S. Katharine, the kings iusticer giuing +his assent therevnto, where a councell was held the same time, and a +letter of the popes read there before the bishops and barons of the +realme, conteining amongst other things this that followeth. + + A breefe extract or clause of a letter which the pope sent to the + clergie of England, &c. for the making of a new holie daie. + + We admonish you all, & by the authoritie which we reteine, doo + streightlie charge you, that you celebrat the daie of the + suffering of the blessed man Thomas the glorious martyr, sometime + archbishop of Canturburie, euerie yere in most solemne sort, & + that with deuout praiers ye endeuour your selues to purchase + forgiuenes of sins: that he which for Christes sake suffered + banishment in this life, and martyrdome in death by constancie of + vertue, through continuall supplication of faithfull people, may + make intercession for you vnto God. + +The tenor of these letters were scarslie read, but euerie man with a +lowd voice began to recite this psalme or hymne, Te Deum laudamus. +Furthermore bicause his suffragans had not exhibited due reuerence to +him their father, either in time of his banishment, or at his returne +from the same, but rather persecuted him; that they might openlie +confesse their errour and wickednesse to all men, they made this +collect: [Sidenote: A collect deuised in honor of the archbishop +Becket.] "Be fauourable good Lord to our supplication and praier, that +we which acknowledge our selues guiltie of iniquitie, may be deliuered +by the intercession of Thomas thy blessed martyr and bishop, Amen." + +This praier was vsed by the couent of S. Albons on the daie of his +martyrdome. Thus + ---- cæca superstitionis + Est facilísque via & cunctis iam cognita sæclis. + +¶ Notwithstanding all which honor of the pope then exhibited to his +saint, as his canonization, with other solemnities procured for the +maintenance of his memoriall in all ages, succeeding; what remembrance +is there now of Thomas Becket? Where be the shrines that were erected in +this church and that chappell for perpetuities of his name and fame? Are +they not all defaced? are they not all ruinated? are they not all +conuerted to powder and dust? And although the pope ment by causing such +ikons to be erected, to prefer Thomas as a perpetuall saint to all +posterities, and thought as he that said of his poems, + Exegi monumentum ære perennius, + Regalíque situ pyramidum altius, + Quod non imber edax non aquilo impotens + Possit diruere aut innumerabilis + Annorum series & fuga temporum, + +Yet is he growne not into renowne, but infamie and shame in England, as +our chronicles declare, which haue published that Romish rakehels +ambitious and traitorous heart to all successions. Naie, whereas in +times past he was reckoned in the popes rubricke for a saint and a +martyr, now it is come to passe (by the meanes belike of other saints +whose merits haue surpassed Beckets) that he is growne in obliuion euen +at Rome, [Sidenote: M. Vaghan at Spitle the tuesdaie in Easter wéeke +1565.] and his name raced out of the pope's calendar (as a learned man +preached in a solemne audience at a high festiuall time) by whome he was +so magnified. In which kind of discontinuing his fauour to his sworne +children, he sheweth himselfe verie ingratefull, and not worthie of the +dutifulnesse wherewith (like buzzards as they be) they ouercharge their +hellish (holie I would saie) father. + +[Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._ The archbishops consecratiō disturbed by the +yoong king.] This yeare the sister of the said archbishop Richard was +made abbesse of Berking. But now touching the new elected archbishop +Richard, we find that comming to Canturburie on the saturdaie after his +election, in hope to be there consecrated, he was disappointed by +letters that came from king Henrie the sonne, in forme as followeth. + + A letter of yoong king Henrie touching the disappointment of + archbishop Richards consecration. + + Henrie by the grace of God king of England, duke of Normandie, + and earle of Aniou, sonne of king Henrie; to our deere and + faithfull freend Odo, prior of the Church of Canturburie, and to + all the conuent there, sendeth greeting. By the assured report of + some we vnderstand, that in your church and in other churches + also, my father goeth about to institute certein persons not + verie meet for such calling: and bicause (without our consent) it + ought not so to be doone, who by reason of our kinglie annointing + haue taken vpon vs the kingdome and charge of the whole realme: + hervpon we haue in the presence of many persons appealed to the + see of Rome, and haue signified our appeale in that behalfe, made + vnto our reuerend fathers and freends Albert and Theodorike, + cardinals and legats of the apostolike see, by our writing and + messenger, who like wise and discreet personages haue assented + therevnto. We haue likewise signified the same our appeale to our + faithfull freends the bishops of London, Excester, and Worcester, + and as we haue appealed, so likewise we do appeale vnder your + testimonie. + +After the perusall of this letter, and the due consideration of the +substance and summe of the same, (albeit no such afterclaps were +suspected before) the bishops were altogither driuen to their shifts, +some of them desiring to go forward with the consecration, and some +supposing it better to yéeld vnto the appeale. The elect archbishop +therefore first sent messengers to Rome with letters, not written onelie +by himselfe, but also by all the bishops and conuent of Canturburie. +After this he followed himselfe in person, and comming to the popes +court, found there diuers aduersaries to his cause. For some were there +that tooke part with the king the father, and some with the king the +sonne, and so his businesse could haue no spéedie dispatch. In the meane +time the rancor which king Henrie the sonne had concerned against his +father was so ripened, that it could not but burst out, and shew itselfe +to the breach of all dutifull obedience which nature requireth of a +sonne towards his father. + +You haue heard how king Henrie promised the earledome of Morienne, when +the marriage was concluded betwixt his son John and the said earles +daughter, to giue vnto the said John certeine townes in Normandie, for +the better mainteining of his estate and his wiues. This gift of the +fathers caused his eldest sonne the yong king Henrie, the sooner to +powre out his poison which he had sucked before at his being with his +father in law king Lewes. [Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] For conceiuing an +offense, that his father should giue away any portion of his +inheritance, he would not condescend to any such gifts, but alledged +that sithens he was king of England, and that all belonged to him, his +father could not now haue any title to giue awaie that which did in no +wise apperteine vnto him. + +There was another cause that troubled his mind also, and mooued him to +grudge at his father, which was; for that the proportion of his +allowance for maintenance of his houshold and port was verie slender, +and yet more slenderlie paied. [Sidenote: Astulfe de S. Hilarie a +counsellor, or rather corrupter of king Henrie the sonne. _Polydor._] +Also his father remooued from him certeine of his seruants, as Astulfe +de S. Hilarie, and other whome he suspected to giue him euill counsell. +Wherefore those that were procurers of him to attempt the seizing of the +gouernement into his hands, vpon this occasion slept not, but put into +his head such matter, that at length he openlie demanded to haue the +whole rule committed to him: which when he saw would not be obteined of +his father by quiet meanes, [Sidenote: King Henrie the sonne fled to the +French king.] he fled secretlie awaie vnto his father in law king Lewes, +requiring aid of him to recouer his right, which king Henrie the elder +vniustlie deteined from him. + +The French king comforted him, and bad him be of good cheare, for he +ment to doo for him all that in him laie. Herewith he proclaimed him +duke of Normandie, and receiued homage of him for the same. King Henrie +the father vnderstanding that his sonne was thus tied to the French +king, sent ambassadours foorthwith to the same king, requiring him to +giue his son some good & wholesome counsell, that he might repent, and +not follow such wilfulnesse of mind in swaruing from his fathers +freendship, but rather with spéed to returne home againe; & to promise +in his name, that if any thing were otherwise than well, he would be +contented the same should be reformed by his order and correction. But +so farre was king Lewes from meaning to set a quietnesse betwixt the +father and the sonne, that he would not heare the ambassadors declare +their message, [Sidenote: _W. Paruus._] bicause they named the father, +king, to the derogation of the sonnes right, to whome he said he offered +manifest wrong in vsurping the gouernement, which he had alreadie giuen +ouer and resigned. Insomuch that when the ambassadours had declared some +part of their message, he asked them what he was that willed such things +of him: and when they answered that the king of England had sent them +with that message, "That is a false lie (saith he) for behold here is +the king of England, who hath giuen you no commission to declare any +message from him vnto me at all." + +¶ Here we sée philautie or selfe-loue, which rageth in men so +preposterouslie, that euen naturall dutie and affection quite forgotten, +they vndertake what mischéefe soeuer commeth next to hand; without +exception of place or person; and all for the maintenance of statelie +titles, of loftie stiles, of honorable names, and such like vanities +more light than thistle downe that flieth in the aire. A vice that hath +beene noted to reigne in all ages, among all péeres and people of all +nations, both at home and abroad, as one verie well noteth and giueth +his verdict therevpon, saieng, + [Sidenote: _M. Pal. in virg. & sag._] + ---- proh dij, mine nomina tantùm + Magnifica, & claros titulos sibi quilibet optat, + Arrogat, affectat, sequitur, rapit; vt meritò iam + Et se asinus pardum vocet & formica leonem. + Quid tituli illustres præclaráq; nomina prosunt? + Quæ citò mors rapit, & lethæas mergit in vndas. + +[Sidenote: King Henrie the father knoweth not whome he may trust. +_Polydor._] King Henrie the father perceiuing hereby that warres would +follow, prepared the best he could for his owne defense: but he was in +great doubt on euerie side, not knowing whome he might trust. And to +increase this mischéefe, his wife quéene Elianor studied to mainteine +the strife betwixt hir sonnes. The yoong king then getting an armie +togither entred into Guian. + +[Sidenote: Richard Bart chancellor to the young king, also his +chaplaine, Sir Walter Ailward with others. _Rog. Houed._] King Henrie +was not hastie to go against him, but sought rather with gentlenesse and +all courteous meanes to reconcile him: insomuch that whereas diuerse +graue personages being of the yoong kings counsell, and doubting to +runne into the displeasure of his father, reuolted from the sonne to the +father, and brought with them the sonnes seale, which he vsed in sealing +of letters. Howbeit, the father receiued them not, but sent them backe +againe to his sonne, commanding them to continue faithfull in seruing +him as he should appoint them, and herewith he sent ambassadours vnto +his sonne to entreate with him of peace and concord. + +Now whilest the father went about to asswage the sonnes displeasure, the +mother quéene Elianor did what she could to pricke him forward in his +disobedient attempts. For she being enraged against hir husband bicause +he kept sundrie concubines, and therefore delited the lesse in hir +companie, cared not what mischéefe she procured against him. Herevpon +she made hir complaint so greeuouslie vnto hir sons Richard and Geffrey, +that they ioined with their brother against their father, & came to him +into Guien, to aid him to the vttermost of their powers. + +¶ This may well séeme to be brought vpon the king as a plague of his +incontinent, vnchast and libidinous life; who hauing Chara coniugij +pignora, a notable motiue to kindle and to continue honest loue in +wedlocke, did not notwithstanding most inordinatelie abandon his bodie +to beastlie and vnlawfull companie kéeping with strange flesh. Note +heere how God stirreth vp the wife of his owne bosome, & the sonnes +descending of his owne loines to be thornes in his eies and godes in his +sides for profaning so diuine and holie an ordinance; which the verie +pagans did so honour and reuerence, that they did not onlie giue +precepts touching the due obseruation thereof, but denounced vndoubted +vengeance for the violation of the same, as appeareth in this old +testimonie, + [Sidenote: _Hesiod. in lib. cui tit. op. & di._] + Patrat & ingraditur quicunq; cubilia fratris + Vxorem maculans, & sancta cubilia stupro + Hunc pater ipse deûm Saturnius odit, & ipsi + Hunc malè dij vexant, &c. + +But we will remit this to the readers consideration, and note the issue +of this mischéefe now broched. The yoong king reioicing that he had his +brethren thus on his side, readie to take his part, became more stout +than before, and for answere vnto the messengers that came to him from +his father, he declared that if his father would deliuer vp the whole +gouernment into his hands, he would be content to breake vp his armie. +As for such souldiers as would willinglie take his part in this quarell, +he caused them to sweare that they should faithfullie serue him against +his aduersaries: and those that had rather serue on the other side, he +licensed them fréelie to depart and go to his father. + +King Henrie the father receiuing such a rebellious answer from his +sonne, much lamented the matter, and so much the more, for that he saw +there was no remedie, but to haue the controuersie decided by the sword. +[Sidenote: Twētie thousand Brabanders were reteined by king Henrie the +father as saith _R. Houed._ _Wil. Paruus._ _N. Triuet._ _Polydor._] +Therefore least he should be taken vnprouided, he kept his armie in a +readinesse about him, hauing reteined certeine bands of Brabanders +called the Rowts. + +The lords that tooke part with his sonne, being aduertised by espials of +the dooings of the father, and hearing that he was readie (if he were +constreined) to defend himselfe by battell, and yet willing to receiue +his sons into his fauour againe, if they would be reformed, they tooke +great care how to cause his sons to persist in their enterprise, till +the father were compelled by force to resigne the gouernment vnto them. +But none more than the French king coueted to mainteine the discord, +till it might be ended by force of armes: and therefore sent vnto king +Henrie the sonne, willing him to come to Paris, where he caused a +councell to be called, & there made a league betwixt the said Henrie and +himselfe, [Sidenote: _N. Triuet._ _Polydor._] with William king of +Scotland, Hugh earle of Chester, William Patrike the elder, the thrée +sons of Robert earle of Mellent, whose castels king Henrie the elder had +in possession, Roger Moumbray, Hugh Bigot, and diuerse other complices +of the conspiracie, Flabella seditionum, that tooke part with Heurie the +sonne. + +Here after they had consulted of the maner how to mainteine warre, +bicause they would assure the yoong king that they ment not to forsake +him, [Sidenote: The French king taketh an oth to aid Henrie the sonne. +_Rog. Houed._ _Ger. Dor._] first king Lewes, and after that all the +residue tooke an oth to aid him with men and monie, till his father +should either be driuen out of his kingdome, or brought to agrée with +him at his will and pleasure. On the other part, he sware neuer to +conclude any peace with his father without their consent and good will. +He also promised vpon his oth to giue, [Sidenote: Philip earle of +Flanders.] & by his charter vnder his scale he confirmed vnto Philip +earle of Flanders (for his homage) a thousand pounds of yearlie reuenues +in England, and the countie of Kent, with the castles of Douer and +Rochester. [Sidenote: Matthew earle of Bullongne.] And to Matthew earle +of Bullongne (for his homage) he likewise promised and confirmed the +Soke of Kirketon in Lindsey, and the earledome of Morton, with the +honour of Hey. Also to Theobald earle of Blois (for his homage) he gaue +and granted fiue hundred marks of yearlie reuenue in Aniou with the +castell of Ambois, and all that which he claimed as his right within the +countrie of Touraine, [Sidenote: Chateau Reignold.] and surrendred to +him all the right which he and his father claimed and demanded to haue +in Chateau Reignold. To the K. of Scots (for his assistance) he gaue and +granted all Northumberland as far as the riuer of Tine. [Sidenote: Earle +Dauid.] And to his brother Dauid (to haue his seruice) he granted the +counties of Huntingdon and Cambridge. [Sidenote: Hugh Bigot.] To Hugh +Bigot (for his seruice) he gaue the castell of Norwhich. All these gifts +and grants (with diuerse other to other persons) promised & granted, he +confirmed with his new seale, which the king of France had caused him to +make. [Sidenote: _Polydor._[4]] These things being thus ordered at +Paris, euerie man resorted to his charge, that he might prouide for the +warre with all spéed conuenient. + +King Henrie the father aduertised of this new league of the conspirators +against him, was in great perplexitie of mind, for that he saw himselfe +in danger, not onelie of outward enimies, but also of his owne subiects +at home. Yet bicause the winter season was alreadie at hand, taking +awaie all conuenient occasions of attempting any great exploit by war +for that time, he was in hope to compasse some agréement with his sons +yer the spring of the yeare should returne, and therefore he made not so +great prouision for his defense, as had béene necessarie in so dangerous +a case. But the Frenchmen who were bent to set forward this war with all +diligence, were readie in the field immediatlie vpon the comming of the +spring with king Henrie the sonne, [Sidenote: The confederats inuade the +dominions of king Henrie the father.] and euen at one instant made their +inuasions vpon the lands of king Henrie the father in three seuerall +parties; namelie, in Normandie, Guien, and Britaine, which (against the +will of his sonne Geffrey duke thereof) king Henrie the father did hold +and reteine in his owne hands. The Frenchmen thus inuading the foresaid +countries, did much hurt with robbing and spoiling, and also tooke +diuerse castels and townes. + +[Sidenote: The king of Scots inuadeth Cumberland.] Moreouer about the +same time, William king of Scotland entred with a great power, first +into Cumberland, and besieged Carleil: but hearing that an armie was +prepared against him in the south parties of the realme, and readie to +set forward, he raised his siege, and entred into Northumberland (which +prouince king Henrie the sonne had giuen him in the last assemblie +holden at Paris) endeuouring to bring it into his possession. But the +more earnestlie he went about to inforce the people to his will, the +more stiflie did they withstand his purpose, hating him so much, that in +no condition they were willing to come vnder his rule, whereby the Scots +were put backe and repelled, and that to their great losse. [Sidenote: +_Wil. Paruus._] The kings power also comming into the countrie followed +them, and passing ouer the water of Tweed, which diuided then (as it +dooth at this daie) the two realmes, made the like spoile in the land of +the enimies, as they had made in the countries of Northumberland and +Cumberland. + +But in Normandie, whilest others in other places, made their hand in +fetching preies and booties out of the enimies countrie, [Sidenote: +Vernueil besieged. _R. Houed._ Hugh Beauchampe.] king Lewes besieged +Vernueil, which towne being strong of it selfe, Hugh Beauchampe and +others that had charge thereof valientlie defended, so that the +French[5] king was a moneth before it, yer he could win anie part +thereof. This towne of Vernueil was in those daies diuided into three +portions, beside the castell, euerie of them apart from other with +mightie wals and déepe ditches full of water. One of these parts was +called the great Burrow without the wals, where the French king had +pitcht his field & planted his engins. About a moneth after whose coming +thither, vittels began to faile them within, so that at length they +required a truce onelie for thrée daies, & if no succour came within +those thrée daies, they promised to yeeld that part of the towne called +the great Burrow, & the peremptorie daie was the vigill or eeue of S. +Laurence. Herevpon were hostages deliuered by the burgesses vnto the +French king. Now it was agréed that if they yéelded the towne at the +daie appointed for want of succor, king Henrie the son, and Robert the +French kings brother, with the earles of Trois & Blois, Henrie and +Theobald, and William archbish. of Sens, vndertooke vpon their othes +that the hostages should then be restored free & without any hurt or +damage. + +King Henrie being certified from them within of the composition thus +made, was driuen to a verie hard shift: for he doubted nothing lesse +than that any such thing should haue chanced. Yet considering with +himselfe, that the sauing of the towne stood in his speedie comming to +the rescue, he hasted thither without any staie, and came to the place +the daie before the third and last daie of the truce. [Sidenote: The +French king requireth to talke.] King Lewes perceiuing him to be come, +doubting least he should loose the preie which he looked for, sent vnto +the king, and required that he might common with him on the next daie, +touching some means of agréement to be had betwixt him and his sons. +This did he of policie, to féed him with hope of some end to be made in +the troubles betwixt him and his sons, till he had gotten possession of +the towne. + +Now as he forecast that matter, euen so it came to passe, for whilest a +great péece of the next daie was spent in feined talke about an +agréement; K. Lewes appointed a great part of his host to close the +towne about, and to declare vnto them within, that king Henrie was put +to flight; which talke they within Vernueil beléeuing, yéelded the towne +& themselues to the Frenchmen. Soone after, king Lewes mistrusting least +he should not be able to kéepe it, set it on fire, and so burnt it, +contrarie to the composition betwixt him and them agréed and concluded +vpon. [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ The ninth of August being thursdaie +saieth _R. Houed._ king Lewes fléeth awaie in the night.] He kept also +the souldiers that had yeelded it into his hands, togither with the +hostages as prisoners, and doubting to cope with his enimie, went awaie +in the night with as still noise as was possible. Which euill dealing +had not inuaded his hart, but that euill meaning had possessed it +before, euen at the composition making: but he neuer learned that, + [Sidenote: _Pub. Mim._] + Fidem qui perdit nihil potest vltra perdere. + +King Henrie at length perceiuing the fraud, sent certeine bands of his +horssemen after to persue the enimie: but for that king Lewes was +alreadie gotten into the inner parts of his owne countrie, those which +were sent, turned vpon those that were left in the hindermost ward, of +whome they slue a great number both horssemen and footmen. + +K. Henrie following his men, came to Vernueil, and staieng there that +night, tooke order for the repairing and new fortifieng of the towne. On +the morrow after he went to the castell of Danuille, and wan it, taking +diuerse knights and yeomen within it: [Sidenote: Danuille. Gilbert de +Tileres.] this castell belonged to one Gilbert de Tileres. And thus it +came to passe touching the attempt of the French king for the winning of +Vernueil, as in some authors we find reported. [Sidenote: _Wil. +Paruus._] ¶ Other write otherwise of the mater, as thus, the French K. +being summoned by K. Henrie the father, either to depart from the seige +of Vernueil or to looke for battell; & hearing also that in performance +of the message K. Hearie approched with his power, he sent a bishop & an +abbat vnto him to vnderstand if he meant to giue battell in deed. The +messengers met king Henrie as he was aduanced before his host vpon some +occasion with a small companie about him, vnto whome they declared that +their maister the French king, required to be assured whether he should +haue battell or no. [Sidenote: K. Henrie his short answere to the French +kings messengers.] King Henrie armed as he was, with fierce countenance +and dreadfull voice made this short answere; "Get you hence, and tell +your king that I am here at hand." The messengers returning to their +maister, declared what they had séene and heard. Wherevpon (without +longer staie) he raised his field, and with a gallant and mightie armie +departed home to his great dishonour, not winning the towne at all, as +by the same author it should appeere. + +About the same time the earle of Flanders, one of the confederats +besieged the towne of Albemarle, and the earle therof within it, which +earle was thought to betraie the towne, [Sidenote: Albemarle woon by the +earle of Flanders.] bicause it was so easilie woone, and both he +himselfe, and those which king Henrie the father had sent thither to +defend the towne were taken prisoners. Diuerse other places which +belonged to the same earle were also immediatlie deliuered into the +enimies hands, which increased the suspicion. + +After this towne of Newcastell (otherwise called Drincourt) in those +frontiers was besieged, and finallie woone by surrender, by the said +earle of Flanders, who reioised nothing at the gaine of that towne: for +his brother Matthew; [Sidenote: _R. Houed._ _Ia. Meir._ _Ger. Dor._ The +earle of Bullongne wounded, and dieth.] the earle of Bullongne who +should haue béene his heire, was shot into the knée with an arrow, as he +approched to the wals, and died of the hurt within a few daies after. +The earle of Flanders was so pensife for his brothers death, that he +brake vp his iournie and returned, blaming his euill hap and follie in +that he had attempted war against his coosen germane king Henrie, who +neuer had harmed him, but rather had doone him manie great and singular +pleasures from time to time. + +¶ Good cause had the earle to giue ouer the prosequuting of violence +against[6] his souereigne, being dawnted with so heauie a chance, & +griped also with the grudge of conscience, in so vnkindlie rewarding his +welwiller, at whose hands he confessed himselfe to haue receiued manie a +benefit. Wherein we are to note, that ingratitude neuer hurteth anie so +much as him or them in whom it is nestled. And hereto alludeth the +comedie-writer, when he saith verie neatlie, + [Sidenote: _Plaut. in Ca._] + ---- morem hunc homines habent, quod sibi volunt + Dum id impetrāt, boni sunt: sed id vbi iam pene se habet, + Ex bonis pessimi & fraudulentissimi sunt. + +Moreouer Henrie the elder (after the iournie of Vernueil ended) came +backe to Rouen, and there vnderstanding that Hugh earle of Chester, and +Rafe de Foulgiers, men of singular prowesse (who long before were +reuolted to his sonne Henrie) had taken the castell of Dole in Britaine, +and there making warre, brought all the countrie into trouble, he sent +foorth streightwaies certeine of his capteines with the Brabanders to +aid his people in those parts who on the twentieth day of August (being +monday) encountring with the enimies, [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] +discomfited them in battell, tooke seauenteene knights, beside diuerse +others both horssemen and footmen, slue aboue fifteene hundred of the +enimies being Britaines, and pursuing the residue, entred the towne +which they wan, and droue their aduersaries into the castell, where +they besieged them, and with all spéed aduertised the king of that +enterprise, who immediatlie with all possible hast came thither, +applieng his whole diligence to win the place, that he might haue them +which were within the same at his commandement. + +To be short, it was not long yer he had his desire, for being such a +multitude, that they were not able long to continue within so streict a +roome, for want of vittell they fell to a composition, yeelding the +castell vnto the king, their bodies, liues, and lims saued, on the 25. +day of August. There were within this castell 80. knights, besides +yeomen and other common souldiers. In like maner, and with the semblable +good fortune, about the same time, his capteins in England ouercame his +enimies: for whereas Robert earle of Leicester that tooke part with king +Henrie the sonne, had assembled at the towne of Leicester a great host +of men, in purpose to set vpon Reignold earle of Cornewall and Richard +Lucie capteines on the side of king Henrie the father: they +vnderstanding his meaning, marched streight towards Leicester, and by +the waie met with their enimie earle Robert, whome they so fiercelie +assailed, [Sidenote: The earle of Leicester put to flight.] that they +put him to flight, and after approching the towne, had it surrendered +vnto them, permitting the inhabitants to depart with bag and baggage, +and then burned the towne: but the castell (which in those daies was of +great strength by reason of the situation) they could not win. + +Howbeit some write, that by vndermining, the walles of the towne were +subuerted and throwne downe, [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ Leicester won by +force.] so that the towne was entred by force, although they within +withdrew themselues into the castell and other strong houses, which they +defended for a time, till at length they surrendered all, one parcell of +the castell excepted, for the which by composition they paied by way of +a fine the sum of thrée hundred pounds to the vse of K. Henrie the +father. The siege began the seauenth day of Julie, and on the 28. day of +the same moneth the armie departed from thence, a truce being granted to +those that still defended a certeine tower of the castell into the which +they were withdrawne. + +[Sidenote: The king of Scots inuadeth Northumberland.] William also the +Scotish king, with an armie of Scots and Gallowaimen inuaded +Northumberland, and passing by the confines of the bishoprike of Durham, +did much hurt by slaughter, burning and spoiling the countrie. +Neuerthelesse, hearing of a power raised by the English lords in those +parts to resist him, [Sidenote: He retireth.] he withdrew into his +countrie. The English armie [Sidenote: The English spoile Louthian. A +truce.] folowing him, wasted the countrie of Louthian, till at length by +mediation of certeine religious men, a truce was granted to the Scots to +indure till the feast of S. Hilarie. For the which truce happilie some +rewards went betwixt, and so the English lords with spoiles and gaines +returned homewards. + +A few daies after these luckie chances thus happening to king Henrie, +king Lewes perceiuing fortune to be on that side, determined to assaie +whether he could obteine his purpose by some means of treatie, or at the +least put king Henrie in hope of a peace for a time, knowing that he +would rather suffer all discommodities whatsoeuer, than once to trie the +matter by battell with his sonnes: [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ A treatie of +peace.] wherefore he offered to come to a communication with him betwixt +Gisors and Trie, shewing bread in the one hand (as they say) and hiding +a stone in the other. + +King Henrie was easilie intreated to heare of anie talke for peace, and +therefore comming to the place on tuesdaie the fiftéenth daie of +September, made so large offers, that he had almost conuerted the yoong +mens minds vnto concord. [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ The offer of K. Henrie +the father to his sonnes.] First he offered to his sonne Henrie the +yoong king, the moitie or one halfe of all the reuenues belonging to the +demaines of the crowne within England, and four conuenient castels +within the same. Or if his sonne had rather remaine in Normandie, he +offered the halfe of all the reuenues of that dutchie, with all the +rents and profits that were his fathers perteining to the earledome of +Aniou, with certeine castels in Normandie, one castell in Aniou, one in +Maine, and one in Towraine. To his sonne Richard, he offered halfe the +reuenues of Guien, and foure conuenient castels in the same. And to his +sonne Geffrey he offered all those lands that belonged by right of +inheritance vnto the daughter of Conan earle of Britaine, if he might by +the popes good licence marrie hir. And further king Henrie the father +yéelded himselfe to stand to the order of the archbishop of Tharent and +other the popes legats, not refusing to giue his sonnes what rents and +reuenues soeuer they should say were reasonable, reseruing onelie to +himselfe the administration of iustice, and the power roiall. + +These séemed to be large offers, but yet they could not be accepted. For +certeine sonnes of Beliall, set vpon nothing but mischéefe, troublers of +common peace and quietnesse, wrought so with them, that no conditions of +peace (were the same neuer so reasonable) could content them, so that +without effect this communication brake vp, but not without contumelious +words passed betwixt the parties, insomuch that the earle of Leicester +(who being put from all his aid in England, was come ouer to the French +king to purchase aid at his hands) could not refraine but giuing credit +to the old adage, + [Sidenote: _Pub. Mim._] + Homo extra corpus suum est cùm irascitur, +[Sidenote: The earle of Leicester offred to strike the king.] after many +opprobrious words vttered against king Henrie the father, laid hand on +his sword to haue striken him but the standers by would not suffer him +and so they, departed; which rash attempt or rather disloiall +enterprise, + Non sani esse hominis non sanus iuret Orestes. + +On the morrow after, the French and English skirmished togither betwixt +Curseils and Gisors, in which conflict Enguerane Chastillone de Trie was +taken prisoner by earle William de Mandeuille, who presented him to the +king of England. King Lewes though he iudged it his part to preserue his +sonne in law from danger, yet he ment nothing lesse than to ioin battell +with the English at that present. But within a few daies after, he sent +Robert earle of Leicester into England with an armie of Flemings and +others, there to ioine with Hugh Bigot, that both of them might as well +by force as faire promises and gentle persuasions bring the whole realme +vnto the obedience of king Henrie the sonne. + +[Sidenote: Additions to _Iohn Pike._] The earle of Leicester therefore +landing at Walton the 21. of September, passed through the countrie vnto +Fremingham, where he was receiued of Hugh Bigot earle of Northfolke; and +after that an other fléet of Flemings were arriued for their aid, they +went vnto Gipswich, where when they had remained a few daies, and +augmented their forces by certeine bands of men of warre that belonged +vnto earle Bigot, [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] they went to the castell of +Haghenet (that belonged vnto Ranulph Broc) which they tooke, spoiled & +burned, & then returned to Fremingham. + +After this, hearing that the countesse of Leicester was arriued at +Orreford with an other power of Flemings, they went to méet hir: and so +the earle of Leicester, hauing now a strong armie about him, tooke leaue +of earle Bigot, and ment to passe through the countrie into +Leicestershire, there to succour his freends, and to worke some feat for +the behoofe and furtherance of their quarell. + +In the meane time the arriuall of the earle of Leicester being knowne, +the people of the countrie were assembled togither. [Sidenote: _Rog. +Houed._] Also Richard Lucie lord cheefe iustice, and Humfrey de Boun +high conestable of England, with the kings power of horssemen which +latelie before had béene in Scotland, and made inrodes there (as before +is mentioned) came with all spéed to saue the countrie from spoile, +hauing first taken a truce (as before is said) with the king of Scots, +till the feast of Saint Hilarie next ensuing (or rather Ester) hostages +being deliuered on both sides. Vpon knowledge then had where the enimies +were lodged, and what they intended to doo, the said Richard Lucie & +Humfrey de Boun came to Saint Edmundsburie, whither Reignold earle of +Cornewall the kings vncle, [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] Robert earle of +Glocester, and William erle of Arundell resorted. + +In the meane while, the earle of Leicester passed forward on his waie so +farre as Fornham a little village beside S. Edmundsburie. The lord +chéefe iustice & the earls before mentioned with a great armie, and +amongst others the said Humfrey de Boun, who had the leading of 300. +knights, or men of armes at the kings wages, came out of S. +Edmundsburie, hauing the baner of S. Edmund borne before them, & in a +marish ground betwixt Fornham & Edmunsburie, they encountred with the +said earle of Leicester, and after long and cruell fight discomfited his +people, [Sidenote: The earle of Leicester taken prisoner.] +and tooke him prisoner, togither with his wife the countesse +Petronill, after he had doone all that belonged to a valiant capteine. + +[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ _Polydor._] Some write that there were killed +on that day of his people to the number of ten thousand [and almost as +manie taken] verelie [all the footmen of the Flemings being in number +foure or fiue thousand were either taken or slaine:] the residue that +escaped fled towards Leicester, [Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] that they +might both defend the towne & themselues from the danger of their foes. + +¶ But here is to be noted, that it séemeth by the report of some +writers, how the earle of Leicester had not so great an armie there at +that battell, as by others account of the number slaine and taken it +should appeare he had. For at his departure from his companion in armes +Hugh Bigot, he tooke vpon him to passe through the countrie (as some +write) partlie vpon trust that he had of the force and number of his +souldiers, being about foure or fiue thousand stout and valiant footmen, +besides 80 chosen and well appointed horssemen; and partlie in hope that +manie of those which were in his aduersaries campe, would rather turne +to him than fight against him. + +He had a great confidence in the Flemings, who indéed presumed much vpon +their owne strength, so that they made account of some great conquest, +in such wise, that when they came into any large plaine where they might +rest, they would take ech others by the hand, and leading a danse, sing +in their countrie language, + [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] + Hop hop Wilkine, hop Wilkine, + England is mine and thine. + +King Henrie receiuing aduertisement of the victorie which his capteines +had thus gotten in England, was maruellous ioifull, and commanded that +the prisoners should be brought ouer vnto him into Normandie: which +being doone, he went into Aniou, and there fortified the towns and +castels of the countrie with sure garrisons of men, to resist all sudden +inuasion, secret practises, and other attempts of the enimies. +[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ The towne of Vandosme woone.] On the feast of S. +Andrew the apostle, he tooke the towne of Vandosme by force, which +Buchard de Lauerdin held against him, hauing first expelled his father +the earle of Vandosme. + +About this season, or rather somewhat before, [Sidenote: Sée his letter +before in page 147.[7]] king Henrie the father, (contrarie to the +prohibition of the king his sonne and after the appeale made vnto the +pope) gaue not onelie vnto Richard prior of Douer, the archbishoprike of +Canturburie; but also to Reignold Fitz-Joceline the bishoprike of Bath; +to Richard de Worcester archdeacon of Poictiers the bishoprike of +Winchester; to Robert Foliot the bishoprike of Hereford; to Geffrey +Ridell archdeacon of Canturburie he gaue the bishoprike of Elie, and to +John de Oxenford the bishoprike of Chichister. + +[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ * Which was fought on the 17. of October] But +now to our purpose. The nobles of the realme of England (after the * +battell of of S. Edmundsburie) with an infinit number of men went +against Hugh Bigot in purpose to abate his pride. But whereas they might +easilie haue had him at their pleasure, by meanes of such summes of +monie as he gaue in bribes, a peace was granted to him till Whitsuntide, +within which time hauing gotten togither fourteene thousand Flemings, he +passed through Essex, and so getting ouer into Kent, came to Douer, +where he tooke ship and transported ouer into France. + +[Sidenote: An. Reg. 20. 1174.] King Henrie the father held his +Christmasse this yeare at Caen in Normandie, about which time a truce +was made betwixt him and king Lewes to endure till Easter, or (as others +write) for the terme of six moneths. For ye haue to vnderstand, that the +fame of the victorie gotten by the capteines of king Henrie the father +against the earle of Leicester (being not onlie spred through England, +but also blown ouer into France) put those that tooke part with him in +great feare; but speciallie king Lewes mistrusting the matter began to +wax wearie that he had attempted so far, and susteined so great trauell +and expenses in another mans cause. + +[Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] Whilest this truce indured, the archbishop of +Canturburie being readie to returne home in dispaire of his businesse, +vpon a feigned rumor spred that there was a peace concluded betwixt the +two kings, the father and sonne, he was called backe and consecrated by +the pope the sundaie after Easter: and then furnished with the dignities +of primat and legat of England, and other priuileges according, he tooke +his waie homewards towards England, after he had laid foorth great +summes of monie to disappoint the purposes of his aduersaries. + +This yeare in June, the lord Geffrey the elect of Lincolne the kings +sonne besieged the castell which Roger de Mowbry had repaired at Kinard +Ferie, within the Isle of Oxholme, and compelling the souldiers within +to yéeld, he beat downe and raced the same castell vnto the verie +ground. Robert Mowbray conestable of that castell, as he passed +thorough[8] the countrie towards Leicester, there to procure some aid, +was taken by the men of Claie, and kept as prisoner. Moreouer, the said +elect of Lincolne tooke the castell of Malesert that belonged to the +said Roger Mowbray, which being now taken, was deliuered vnto the +keeping of the archbishop of Yorke. The said elect also fortified a +castell at Topclife, and tooke it to the kéeping of William Stuteuille. +In this meane while the king tooke the strengths, and fortresses which +his sonne Richard had fortified at Xanctes, and in the same forts and +church (which was also fortified against him) 60. knights or men of +armes, and 400. archbalisters, that is, the best of them that bare +crossebowes. + +[Sidenote: The oth of the earle of Flanders.] Philip earle of Flanders +in the presence of the French king and other the peeres of France, +laieng his hand vpon the holie relikes, sware that within 15. daies next +insuing the feast of S. John then instant to enter England with an +armie, and to doo his best to subdue the same to king Henrie the son. +[Sidenote: Additions to _Iohn Pike._] Vpon trust whereof the yoong king +the more presuming came downe to Whitsand, the 14. daie of Julie, that +he might from thence send ouer into England Rafe de la Haie with +certeine bands of souldiers. Before this the earle of Flanders had sent +ouer 318. knights or men of armes, as we may call them. But after their +arriuall at Orwell, which chanced the 14. of June, by reason that there +associats were dispersed, and for the more part subdued, they tooke with +them earle Hugh Bigot, and marching to Norwich, assaulted the citie and +wan it, gaining there great riches, and speciallie in readie monie, +[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _Ger. Dor._] and led awaie a great sort of +prisoners whome they ransomed at their pleasure. This chanced the 18. of +June. + +¶ I remember that William Paruus writeth, that the citie of Norwich was +taken by the Flemings that came ouer with the earle of Leicester in the +yeare last past, by the conduct of the said earle before he was taken, +and that after he had taken that citie, being accompanied with earle +Bigot, he led those Flemings also vnto Dunwich, purposing to win and +sacke that towne also: but the inhabitants being better prouided against +the comming of their enimies than they of Norwich were, shewed such +countenance of defense, that they preserued their towne from that +danger, so that the two earles with Flemings were constreined to depart +without atchiuing their purpose. But whether that this attempt against +Dunwich was made by the earle of Leicester (before his taking) in +companie of earle Bigot, I haue not to auouch. But verilie for the +winning of Norwich, I suppose that William Paruus mistaketh the time, +except we shall saie that it was twise taken, as first by the earle of +Leicester in the yeare 1173. For it is certeine by consent of most +writers, and especiallie those that haue recorded particularlie the +incidents that chanced here in this land during these troubles betwixt +the king and his sons that it was taken now this yeare, 1174 by earle +Bigot (as before we haue shewed.) + +But now to procéed. The lords that had the rule of the land for king +Henrie the father, perceiuing earle Bigots procéedings, sent knowledge +thereof with all expedition to the king, as yet remaining in the parties +beyond the seas. Whilest these things were a dooing, although the minds +of manie of the conspirators against king Henrie the father were +inclined to peace, yet Roger Mowbray, [Sidenote: Additions to _Iohn +Pike._] and Hugh Bigot (by reason of his new supplie of men got out of +Flanders) ceased not to attempt fresh exploits: and chéeflie they +solicited the matter in such wise with William king of Scotland, that +whilest they in other quarters of the realme plaied their parts, +[Sidenote: The king of Scots inuadeth England.] he entred into the +confines of Cumberland, and first besieged the citie of Carleil, but +perceiuing he could not win it in any short time, he left one part of +his armie to keepe siege before it, and with the residue marched into +the countrie alongst by the riuer of Eden, [Sidenote: Castels woon by +the Scots.] taking by force the castels of Bourgh and Applebie, with +diuerse other. This doone, he passed ouer the riuer, and came through +Northumberland (wasting the countrie as he went) vnto Alnewike, which +place he attempted to win, though his labour therein proued but in +vaine. + +This enterprise which he made into Northumberland, he tooke in hand +chéeflie at the suit and request of Roger Mowbray, from whome Geffrey +(who after was bishop of Lincolne) K. Henries eldest base son had taken +two of his castels, so that he kept the third with much adoo. He had +giuen his eldest sonne in hostage vnto the said king of Scots for +assurance of such couenants to be kept on his behalfe as were passed +betwixt them. [Sidenote: _Polydor._ Duncane a Scotish capteine wasteth +Kendall.] In the meane time one Duncane or Rothland, with an other part +of the Scotish armie entred into Kendall, and wasted that countrie in +most cruell wise, neither sparing age nor sex, insomuch that he brake +into the churches, slue those that were fled into the same for safegard +of their liues as well preests as other. The English power of horssemen +which passed not the number of 400. was assembled at Newcastell, +[Sidenote: _Will. Paruus._ _Rog. Houed._] vnder the leading of Robert de +Stouteuille, Rafe Glanuille, William Ursie, Bernard Balliolle [and +Odonet de Umfreiuille.] + +These capteines hauing knowledge that Duncane was in one side of the +countrie, and king William in another, determinned to issue foorth and +trie the chance of warre, (which is doubtfull and vncerteine, according +to the old saieng, + [Sidenote: _Sen. in The._] + Fortuna belli semper ancipiti in loco est) +against the enimies, sith it should be a great rebuke to them to suffer +the countrie to be wasted after that sort without reuengement. Herevpon +riding foorth one morning, there arose such a thicke fog and mist that +they could not discerne any waie about them, so that doubting to fall +within the laps of their enimies at vnwares, they staied a while to take +aduise what should be best for them to doo. Now when they were almost +fullie resolued to haue turned backe againe, [Sidenote: Bernard de +Balliolle.] by the comfortable words and bold exhortation of Bernard +Balliolle, they changed their purpose, and rode forward, till at length +the northerne wind began to waken, and droue awaie the mist, so that the +countrie was discouered vnto them, and perceiuing where Alnewike stood, +not knowing as yet whether the Scots had woone it or not, they staied +their pace, and riding softlie, at length learning by the inhabitants of +the countrie, that the Scotish king desparing to win Alnewike, had +raised his siege from thence the same day, they turned streight thither, +and lodging there all night, in the morning got to their horsses verie +earelie, riding foorth towards the enimies that were spred abroad in the +countrie to forey the same. They had anon espied where the king was, and +incontinentlie compassed him about on euerie side, who perceiuing the +English horssemen readie thus to assaile him with all diligence called +backe his men from the spoile; but the more part of them being straied +far off through the swéetnes they found in getting of preies, could not +heare the sound of the trumpets, yet notwithstanding with those his +horssemen which he could get togither, he encountred the English men +which came vpon him verie hastilie. + +The battell was begun verie fiercelie at the first, and well fought for +a time, but the Scotish horssemen being toiled before in foreieng the +countrie, could not long continue against the fierce assault of the +English, but were either beaten downe, or else constreined to saue +themselues by flight. [Sidenote: The king of Scots taken.] The king with +a few other (who at the first had begun the battell) was taken. Also +manie of the Scots that being far off, and yet hearing of the skirmish, +came running toward the place, & were taken yer they could vnderstand +how the matter had passed. [Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] This taking of the +king of Scots was on a saturdaie, being the seuenth[9] of Julie. + +The English capteines hauing thus taken the Scotish king in the midst of +his armie, conteining the number of 80000 men, returned to Newcastell, +[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] greatlie reioising of their good successe, +aduertising king Henrie the father hereof with all speed, who as then +was come ouer from Normandie, [Sidenote: _Matt. Paris._ _Matth. West._ +_Wil. Paruus._ _Ger. Dor._] and was (the same day that the Scotish king +was taken) at Canturburie, making his praiers there before the sepulture +of the archbishop Becket (as after shall appéere.) + +[Sidenote: _Polydor._] In the meane while and somewhat before this time, +the earle of Leicesters men, which laie at Leicester vnder the conduct +of Robert Ferreis earle of Darbie (as some write) or rather of Anketille +Malorie constable or gouernour (if we shall so call him, as Roger +Houeden saith) came to Northampton, where they fought with them of that +towne, and getting the victorie, [Sidenote: This chanced a little after +Whitsuntide.] tooke two hundred prisoners, and slue or wounded néere +hand as manie more, and so with this good successe in that enterprise +returned againe to Leicester, from whence they first set foorth. The +kings horssemen herevpon came streight waies to Northampton, and +following the enimies, could not ouertake them. + +[Sidenote: Rob. Ferreis.] Robert Ferreis earle of Darbie being now come +vnto Leicester in aid of them that laie there, staied not past ten +daies: but finding meanes to increase his number of horssemen, suddenlie +made to Notingham, which Reignold de Lucie had in kéeping, [Sidenote: +_Polydor._ _Reg. Houed._ Notingham taken.] and comming thither earelie +in the morning tooke it, droue out the kings souldiers that laie there +in garison, burned the towne, slue the inhabitants, and diuided their +goods amongst his souldiers: which thing put the countrie about in such +feare, that manie of the inhabitants submitted themselues vnto him. + +King Henrie the sonne being hereof aduertised by letters oftentimes sent +vnto him by this Robert Ferreis, and other his fréends here in England, +eftsoones conceiued some good hope to obteine his purpose: and therefore +determined to prepare for the warre. Herevpon he purchased aid of king +Lewes, who (bicause the truce which he had taken with king Henrie the +father was now expired) thought it was reason to further his sonne in +lawes enterprise so farre as in him laie. [Sidenote: _W. Paruus._] +Wherfore he made his prouision at Graueling, and there incamping with +his people, staied till his ships were readie to transport him and his +armie, which consisted of certeine horssemen, and of a number of +Brabanders. + +King Henrie the father being informed both of his sonnes purpose, and of +the dooings in England, with all possible spéed determined to passe ouer +into England, [Sidenote: _Polydor._] and therefore got his souldiers a +shipboord, among whome were certeine bands of Brabanders: and so soone +as the wind blew to his mind, he caused the sailes to be hoised vp, and +the nauie to set forward. Being landed, he repaired first vnto +Canturburie, there to make his praiers, [Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] +doubting least the bloud of the archbishop Thomas Becket being shed +through his occasion, did yet require vengeance against him for that +fact. From Canturburie he came to London, and tooke order for the +placing of capteines with their bands in certeine townes about the +coast, to defend the landing places, where he thought his sonne was like +to arriue. [Sidenote: Huntington castell woone.] Then went he to +Huntington, and subdued the castell there the 19. of Julie: for the +knights and other souldiers that were within it yéelded themselues to +the kings mercie, their liues and lims saued. + +[Sidenote: _R. Houed._] After this, assembling his people on all sides, +he made his generall musters at S. Edmundsburie, and determined to +besiege the castels of Bunghey and Fremingham, which the earle Hugh +Bigot held against him, who mistrusting that he was not able to defend +himselfe and those places against the king, [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ +Earle Bigot is accorded with the K.] agréed with the king to haue peace, +paieng him the summe of a thousand markes by composition. This agréement +was concluded the 25. of Julie. [Sidenote: The Flemings sent home.] +Herevpon a multitude of the Flemings which Philip earle of Flanders had +sent into England (as before is mentioned) vpon their oth receiued, not +afterwards to come as enimies into England, had licence to returne into +their countrie. Also the bands of souldiers that came into the realme +with Rafe de la Haie departed without impediment by the kings +sufferance. + +[Sidenote: _R. Houed._] The king hauing thus accomplished that which +stood with his pleasure in those parties, remoued from thence and drew +towards Northampton. [Sidenote: The king of Scots presented to the King +of England.] To which towne after his comming thither, the king of Scots +was brought with his féet bound vnder the horsses bellie. Thither also +came the bishop of Durham, and deliuered to the king the castels of +Durham, Norham, and Allerton. Thither also came to the king Roger +Mowbraie, and surrendred to him the castell of Treske, and Robert earle +Ferreis deliuered vp into his hands the castels of Tutburie, and +Duffield, and Anketill Mallorie, and William de Diue constables to the +earle of Leicester yeelded to the king the castels of Cicester, Grobie, +and Mountsorell, to the intent that he should deale more courteouslie +with the earle their maister. [Sidenote: The earle of Glocester. The +earle Richard of Clare.] Also William earle of Glocester, and earle +Richard of Clare submitted themselues to the king, and so he brought all +his aduersaries within the realme of England vnto such subiection as he +himselfe wished; so that the king hauing atchiued the vpper hand of his +enimies returned to London. + +¶ All this hurlie burlie and bloudie tumult, was partlie to be ascribed +to the king himselfe, who ouer tenderlie fauouring his sonne, did deiect +and abase himselfe to aduance the other; partlie to the ambitious +disposition of the youth, who was charged with roialtie, before he had +learned sufficient loialtie, else would he not haue made insurrections +against his father, that himself might obteine the monarchie, and the +old king doo him homage: and partlie to the quéenes discontented or +rather malicious mind, whose dutie it had béene (notwithstanding such +dishonour doone hir by the king in abusing his bodie vnlawfullie) so +little to haue thought of stirring commotions betwixt the father and the +sonnes that she should rather haue lulled the contention asléepe, and +doone what she possiblie could to quench the feruent fier of strife with +the water of pacification. But true it is that hath béene said long ago, + [Sidenote: _Pub. Mim._] + Mulier nihil nouit nisi quod vult, + Et plenum malorum est onus. + +But what insued herevpon euen by waie of chastisement, but that which +commonlie lighteth vpon tumult-raisers; namelie, either losse of life, +or at least restraint of libertie? For the king after this happie +atchiuement of his warlike affaires, being ruled by reason and aduise +(as it is likelie) would not that so smoking a fierbrand (as quéene +Elianor had prooued hirselfe to be) should still annoie his eies, +[Sidenote: Quéene Elinor is committed to close prison.] and therefore +(whether in angrie or quiet mood, that is doubtfull) he committed hir to +close prison, bicause she had procured his sons Richard and Geffrey to +ioine with their elder brother against him their father (as before ye +haue partlie heard.) + +But to procéed, king Lewes being aduertised that there was no great +number of men of war left in Normandie to defend the countrie, raised a +power, and comming to Rouen, besieged it verie streitlie. [Sidenote: +_Polydor._] Shortlie after also king Henrie the sonne and Philip earle +of Flanders came thither, meaning to obteine the possession of Normandie +first, and after to go into England. [Sidenote: Rouen besieged by the +Frēch king. _Wil. Paruus._] The citizens of Rouen perceiuing in what +danger they stood, without out faint harts prepared all things +necessarie for defense, and did euerie thing in order, purposing not to +giue ouer their citie for any threats or menaces of their enimies. Now +whilest they within were busie in deuising how to repell the assault, +and to defend themselues, the aduersaries about midnight came forth of +their campe, and approching the walles with their ladders, raised them +vp, and began to scale the citie. But the citizens being aduised +thereof, boldlie got them to the loops and towers, ouerthrew the ladders +of the enimies that were comming vp, and with arrowes, stones and darts +beat them backe, to their great losse and ouerthrow. Howbeit though the +enimies could not preuaile thus to get the citie by this assault, yet +they continued the siege, and suffered not them with it to be in quiet, +but daie and night assailed them by one meanes or other. + +[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ King Henrie returneth into Normandie.] King +Henrie the father being aduertised héereof, after he had set his +businesse in order, touching the suertie and safe defense of the English +estate, he returned into Normandie and landed at Harfleet on a thursdaie +being the eight daie of August, bringing backe againe with him his +Brabanders, and a thousand Welshmen. In this meane while, king Lewes +continued still his siege before Rouen, constreining them within by all +meanes he could deuise to yeeld vp their citie. At length came the feast +of Saint Laurence, on which daie the French king commanded that no man +should attempt any enterprise against the citizens, granting them truce +for that day, in worship of that saint. This truce was so acceptable a +thing to them within, that they forgetting themselues, without all +respect to the danger wherein the citie stood, threw off their armour, +and gaue themselues to sléepe and rest. Some also fell to banketting and +other pastimes in verie dissolute maner. + +¶ But through this their remisse vsage and loose behauiour, and +forgetting that a temporarie truce is no safe warrant of securitie and +peace, they deriued danger and destruction to themselues; which it had +beene their parts prouidentlie to haue preuented, and not through their +carelesnesse to set open a gap of aduantage to their enimies, who +pursued them with professed hostilitie, notwithstanding they reposed +confidence in the truce that was granted. Héerein they are to be +resembled to the cooks of whome Plautus speaketh verie neatlie, saieng, + ---- coquos equidem nimis + Demiror, qui tot vtuntur condimentis, eos eo + Condimento non vtier quod præstat omnibus, +Meaning sobrietie: so these delighting more in their dishes, than +mistrusting their enimies, remembred to take the vse of any pleasure +that the conuenientnesse of this present time might proffer; onelie as +cookes among all their sawces doo mind nothing lesse than sobernesse: so +these in the abundance of their ioies, thought nothing of after claps, +which afterwards made them (like fooles) to sing an vnhappie had I wist. +For the Frenchmen, perceiuing this their negligence, required licence of +the French king to giue assault to the citie, declaring in what state +the matter presentlie stood; who not meaning to violate the reuerence of +that day, and his promised faith, with any such vnlawfull attempt, +commanded his men of warre that made the request in no wise to stirre. +[Sidenote: The Frenchmen assault the citie, without commandement of +their king.] Howbeit the souldiers vpon couetousnesse of the spoile, +raised the ladders to that part of the wall which they iudged to be most +without warders, so that some of them mounting aloft, got vp, and were +about to help vp their fellowes. + +[Sidenote: Two préests.] Now it happened (as God would haue it) that two +préests being gone vp into the steeple of the cheefe church, to looke +about them for their pleasures, fortuned to sée where the French men +were about to enter the citie, and streightwaies gaue knowledge to the +citizens beneath. Wherevpon the alarum rose, insomuch that with all +spéed the people ran to the place, [Sidenote: The Frenchmen are +repelled.] and with such violence came vpon their enimies which were +entred vpon the walles, that streightwaies they slue manie of them, and +chased the residue out of the ditches, so that they returned with +bleeding wounds to their campe, repenting them of their vnhappie +enterprise, that turned them to such wo and greeuance. + +[Sidenote: _Polydor._] The same day a little before night, king Henrie +the father came vnto Rouen, and was receiued into the citie with great +ioy and gladnesse: for he came thither by chance, euen about the time +that the citie had thus like to haue bin surprised & taken at vnwares. + +[Sidenote: _Matt. Paris._] ¶ There be that write, how the French king +(immediatlie vpon the arriuall of king Henrie) left his field and +departed, greatlie to his dishonor, burning vp his engines of warre, and +not staieng till his men might haue leisure to charge their wagons with +their armor and other stuffe, which they were glad to leaue behind for a +prey to the English men issuing foorth vpon them. But other declare, +that the French king being nothing abashed of king Henries comming, +continued the siege, in hope to win the citie. + +[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ The Welshmens good seruice.] The next day earlie +in the morning (or as other say in the night season) the king did send +foorth a certeine number of Welshmen to passe ouer the riuer of Saine, +which they did, and by force made themselues waie through the French +campe, getting without losse or danger vnto a great wood, and slue that +day of their aduersaries aboue an hundred men. [Sidenote: _Nic. +Triuet._] After this, lieng abroad in the countrie, they skirmished +dailie with the French horssemen, and oft times cut of such prouision of +vittels as came to nourish the campe. The king himselfe on the other +side remaining within the citie, caused his people to issue out at the +gates, and to kéepe the enimies occupied with skirmishes afore the +citie. [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] And moreouer, where there was a great +trench cast betwixt the French campe and the walles of the citie, he +caused the same to be filled vp with fagots, stores, and earth. But +although the French men sawe this the kings deed well enough, yet none +of them issued foorth of their tents to hinder the English of their +purpose. + +Now king Lewes being sore vexed with his enimies on ech side, and +perceiuing the citie would not be woone within any short time, began to +wax wearie, and to repent himselfe (as afore) for taking in hand so +chargeable and great a warre for another mans quarell. [Sidenote: The +French king maketh an ouerture for peace.] Wherevpon he caused William +bishop of Sens, and Theobald earle of Blois to go to king Henrie, and to +promise vpon forbearance from warre for a time, to find means to +reconcile him and his sonnes, betweene whom vnnaturall variance rested. +Whereof K. Henrie being most desirous, and taking a truce, [Sidenote: +_N. Triuet._ A truce.] appointed to come to Gisors [in the feast of the +natiuitie of our ladie] there to meet king Lewes, that they might talke +of the matter and bring it to some good end. + +[Sidenote: The French king leaueth his siege.] The French king, so soone +as he knew that truce was taken, raised his siege, and returning home, +within a few daies after (according to the appointment) came to Gisors, +and there communed with king Henrie: but bicause he could not make any +agréement betwixt him and his sonnes at that time, he appointed another +time to meet about it. King Henrie the father (whilest the truce +continued with the French king) and his sonne Henrie went to Poictou, +where his sonne Richard (whilest his father had beene occupied in other +places) had gotten the most part of the countrie into his possession. +But now hearing of his comming, and that a truce was taken with the +French king and with his brother, he considered with himselfe, that +without their assistance he was not able to withstand his fathers power. +[Sidenote: Richard the kings sonne prepareth to resist his father.] +Howbeit at length choosing rather to trie the matter with force of +armes, than cowardlie to yéeld, he prepared for defense, furnishing +diuerse townes and castels with garisons of men: and assembling togither +all the other power that he was able to make, came into the field, & +pitched his tents not far off from his father. In the meane while, which +way soeuer his father passed, the townes and castels submitted +themselues vnto him, [Sidenote: He beginneth to dispaire of good +successe.] so that Richard began to despaire of the matter, insomuch +that he durst not approch néere his father, but kept aloofe, doubting to +be entrapped. + +At length when he had considered his owne state, and weied how +vnthankefullie the French king and his brother had dealt with him, +[Sidenote: _Polydor._] in hauing no consideration of him at such time as +they tooke truce, he determined to alter his purpose, and hauing some +good hope in his fathers clemencie, thought best to trie it, which he +found to be the best waie that he could haue taken. For oftentimes it +chanceth, that latter thoughts are better aduised than the first, as the +old saieng is, + [Greek: Deuterai phrontides sophoterai.] + +[Sidenote: The son submitteth himselfe to the father.] Herevpon Richard +laieng armour aside, came of his owne accord vnto his father on the 21. +of September, and asked pardon. His father most courteously receiuing +him, made so much of him as though he had not offended at all. Which +example of courtesie preuailed much to the alluring of his other sons to +come to a reconciliation. For the bringing whereof to speedie effect, he +sent this Richard vnto king Lewes, and to his other sonne Henrie, to +commen with them of peace, at which time earle Richard did so effectuallie +his message, that he brought them both in good forwardnesse to agree to +his fathers purpose, so that there was a daie appointed for them to meet +with their father, betwixt Towres in Touraine and Ambois. + +[Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._ The father & sonnes are accorded.] King Henrie +reioising hereat, kept his daie (being the morrow after the feast of S. +Michaell) and there met him both king Lewes, and his two sonnes Henrie +and Geffrey, where finallie the father and the sonnes were accorded; he +promising to receiue them into fauour vpon these conditions. + + [Sidenote: The conditions of the agréement.] + 1 First the prisoners to be released fréelie without ransome on + both sides, and their offenses, which had taken either the one + part or the other, to be likewise pardoned. + + [Sidenote: _R. Houed._] + 2 Out of this article were excepted all those which before the + concluding of this peace had alreadie compounded for their + raunsomes, as the king of Scots, the earles of Leicester and + Chester, and Rafe Fulgiers, with their pledges. + + 3 It was also agréed that all those castels which had beene + builded in time of this warre, should be raced and throwne downe, + and all such cities, townes, castels, countries and places, as + had beene woone by either part during these wars, should be + restored vnto those persons that held the same, and were in + possession of them 15. daies before the departure of the sonnes + from king Henrie the father. + + 4 That king Henrie the father should assigne to his sons more + large reuenues for maintenance of their estates, with a caution + included, that they should not spend the same riotouslie in any + prodigall sort or maner. + + [Sidenote: _R. Houed._] + 5 To the king his sonne, he gaue two castels in Normandie, with + an increase of yearelie reuenues, to the summe of 15. thousand + pounds Aniouin. + + [Sidenote: Richard.] + 6 To his sonne Richard he gaue two houses in Poictou, with the + one halfe of all the reuenues of the countie of Poictou to be + receiued and taken in readie monie. + + [Sidenote: Geffrey.] + 7 And to his sonne Geffrey he granted in monie, the moietie of + that which he should haue by the mariage of earle Conans + daughter, and after he had maried hir by licence purchased of the + pope, he should enioy all the whole liuings and reuenues that + descended to hir, as in hir fathers writing thereof more at large + was conteined. + + 8 On the other part, king Henrie the son couenanted to & with the + king his father, that he would performe and confirme all those + gifts, which his father should grant out of his lands, & also all + those gifts of lands which he either had made and assured, or + hereafter should make and assure vnto any of his men for any of + their seruices: [Sidenote: John.] & likewise those gifts which he + had made vnto his sonne John the brother of king Henrie the sonne; + namelie, a thousand pounds in lands by yeare in England of his + demaine and excheats with the appurtenances, and the castell and + countie of Notingham, with the castell of Marlebrough, and the + appurtenances. Also a thousand pounds Aniouin of yearelie reuenues + in Normandie, and two castells there. And in Aniou a thousand + pounds Aniouin, of such lands as belonged to the earle of Aniou, + with one castell in Aniou, and one in Touraine, and another in + Maine. + +Thus were the father and sons agréed and made freends, the sonnes +couenanting neuer to withdraw their seruices and bounden dueties from +their father, but to obeie him in all things from that day forward. +Herewith also the peace was renewed betwixt king Henrie and king Lewes, +and for the further confirmation, [Sidenote: A marriage concluded.] a +new aliance was accorded betwixt them, which was, that the ladie Adela +the daughter of king Lewes should be giuen in mariage vnto earle Richard +the sonne of king Henrie, who bicause she was not yet of age able to +marie, she was conueied into England to be vnder the guiding of king +Henrie, till she came to lawfull yeares. + +Thus the peace being concluded, king Henrie forgetting all iniuries +passed, [Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] brought home his sons in maner +aforesaid, who being well pleased with the agreement, attended their +father into Normandie, where Richard and Geffrey did homage to him, +receiuing their othes of allegiance according to the maner in that case +required. But king Henrie the sonne did no homage, [Sidenote: _R. +Houed._ _Wil. Paruus._ saieth that he did homage also.] for his father +(in respect that he was a king) would not suffer him, and therefore +tooke onelie sureties of him for performance of the couenants on his +part, as was thought expedient. + +¶ All this dissention and strife was kindled (no doubt) by the meanes of +certeine sowers of discord, sycophants, parasits, flatterers, clawbacks, +& pickethanks, who had learned their lesson, that + Principibus placuisse viris non vltima laus est, +and thinking by their embossed spéech to tickle the eares and harts of +the yoong princes, who by reason of their yoong yeares and nakednesse of +experience in the course of worldlie maters, sought their owne +aduancement, euen by flinging firie faggots of dissention betweene them, +whose harts naturall affection had vnited. For by the tenor of the +storie (marke it who will) we shall sée that no attempt of the sons +against the father but had originall from the suggestions of euill +disposed persons, who (like eeles that fatten not in faire running +water, but in muddie motes and ponds) sought honour in hurlie burlies, & +reached out long armes to riches by manie a ones impouerishment. This to +be true, the finall euent and issue prooueth; namelie, the mutuall +attonement and reconciliation wouen betweene the father and the sonnes; +their remorse for their vndutifulnes, his louing fauour and +gratiousnesse; their promptnesse to yéeld to conditions of agreement, +his forwardnes to giue consent to couenants required; their readinesse +to do the old king homage, his acceptable admission of their preferred +seruice; with other circumstances to be collected out of the storie, all +which doo prooue that this their disloiall resistance sprang rather by +others incitement, than of their owne seeking. Thus we sée what +alterations happen in the actions of men, and that euill things manie +times (though naturallie bad) doo inferre their contraries, as one +aptlie saith, + Discordia fit charior concordia. + +[Sidenote: Willi. king of Scots deliuered out of prison with other.] At +length king Henrie went to Faleise, and there deliuered out of +captiuitie William king of Scotland, Robert earle of Leicester, Hugh +earle of Chester, with diuerse other Noble men which were kept there as +prisoners, putting them to their ransomes, and receiuing of them pledges +with an oth of allegiance. [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ Prisoners +released.] This king Henrie the father released for his part the number +of nine hundred 69. knights or men of armes (if yée list so to terme +them) which had beene taken since the beginning of these passed warres. + +As for king Henrie the sonne he also set at libertie aboue an hundred, +and that without ransome paieng, according to the articles of the peace +(as before you haue heard.) But yet some (as is alreadie specified) were +excepted out of the benefit of that article, as William king of +Scotland, who being not able to paie his ransome in present monie, +deliuered vp in gage foure of the strongest castels within his realme +into king Henries hands; [Sidenote: Castels deliuered by the K. of +Scots.] namelie, Barwike, Edenbourgh, Roxbourgh, and Sterling, with +condition, that if he brake the peace, and paied not the monie behind +due for his raunsome, king Henrie and his successours should enioy for +euer the same castels. He also couenanted, not to receiue any English +rebels into his realme. [Sidenote: _N. Triuet._ _Matth. Paris._] Other +write that the king of Scots did not onelie become the king of Englands +liegeman at this time, and couenanted to doo homage vnto him for the +realme of Scotland, and all other his lands, but also deliuered the +castels of Barwike, and Roxbourgh to be possessed of the same king of +England and his heires for euer, without any couenant mentioned of +morgage. + +Things being setled thus in good order, king Henrie leauing his sonne +Henrie at Rouen, went to Argenton, and there held his Christmasse, and +afterwards, namelie in the feast of the purification of our ladie, +[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] both the kings (as well the father as the +sonne) were at Mauns, [Sidenote: 1175.] and vpon their returne from +thence into Normandie, [Sidenote: The kings of England and France méet +at Gisors.] came to a communication with the French king at Gisors, and +then being come backe into Normandie at Bure, the sonne (to put the +father out of all doubt and mistrust of any euill meaning in him) sware +fealtie to him against all persons, and so became his liegeman in the +presence of Rothrod archbishop of Rouen, Henrie bishop of Baieux, +William earle of Mandeuille Richard de Humez his conestable, and manie +other. + +After this they kept their easter at Chirebourgh, from whence they came +to Caen, [Sidenote: Philip earle of Flanders.] where they met with +Philip earle of Flanders, who had latelie before taken on him the +crosse, to go to the holie land: where king Henrie the father required +him to release all such couenants as king Henrie the sonne had made vnto +him in time of his last warres, which he fréelie did, and deliuered vp +the writing that he had of the same king concerning those couenants, and +so they confirmed vnto him the yearelie rent which he was woont to +receiue out of England, before the said warres. + +[Sidenote: _Polydor._] Finallie, when king Henrie had visited the most +part of the countrie, he came to Harflew, and caused his nauie to be +decked and rigged, that he might saile ouer into England. Whilest he +tarried heere till his ships were readie, he sent letters to his sonne +king Henrie, willing him to repaire vnto him, and meaning that he should +accompanie him into England. [Sidenote: Enuious persons readie to forge +matters of suspicion.] Who at the first was loth to obeie his fathers +will and pleasure herein, bicause some enuious persons about him had put +in his head a doubt, least his father had not altogither forgot his +former grudge, and that he ment at his comming into England to commit +him to prison. Which was a surmize altogither void of likeliehood, +considering that the father, in the whole processe of his actions +betweene himselfe and his sonnes, was so farre from the desire of +inflicting any corporall punishment, or leuieng anie fine vpon them for +their misdemenour, that he alwaies sought meanes of reconcilement and +pacification. And though this Henrie the sonne for his part deserued to +be roughlie dealt withall; yet the father handled him so gentlie with +courteous letters & messages, that shortlie after he came of his owne +accord vnto Harflew, [Sidenote: The two kings the father and the sonne +returne into England.] from whence shortlie after they sailed both +togither ouer into England, landing at Portsmouth on a fridaie being the +ninth of Maie, from thence they tooke their iournie streight to London, +all the waies being full of people that came to see them, and to shew +themselues glad and ioifull of their concord and happie arriuall. At +their comming to the citie they were receiued with great reioising of +the people, beseeching God long to preserue them both in health and +honour. + +[Sidenote: William de Breause.] The same yeare William de Breause hauing +got a great number of Welshmen into the castell of Abergauennie, vnder a +colourable pretext of communication, proponed this ordinance to be +receiued of them with a corporall oth; That no traueller by the waie +amongst them should beare any bow, or other vnlawfull weapon. [Sidenote: +The Welshmē not well dealt withall.] Which oth when they refused to +take, bicause they would not stand to that ordinance he condemned them +all to death. This deceit he vsed towards them in reuenge of the death +of his vncle Henrie of Hereford, whom vpon easter euen before, they had +through treason murthered, and were now acquited with the like againe. + +[Sidenote: _N. Triuet._ Reignold erle of Cornewall departed this life.] +The same yeare died Reignold earle of Cornwall, bastard sonne to king +Henrie the first without heirs male, by reason whereof the king tooke +into his hands all the inheritance of lands and liuings which he held +within England, Normandie and Wales, except certeine portions which the +daughters of the same earle had by assignement allotted to them. Also +Richard erle of Glocester deceassed this yeare, and his sonne Philip +succeeded him. + +[Sidenote: _Matth. West._ A synod held at London.] The same yeare was a +synod of the cleargie kept at Westminster, wherein many things were +decréed for the conseruation of religion. Amongst other things it was +prouided, that those abbeies and churches which were void of gouernours, +and could haue none placed in them by the time of the late ciuill +warres, should now be committed vnto men worthie to enioy the same, for +the reformation of disorders growne and plentifullie sproong vp in time +of the vacations. + +The realme now brought into good order and deliuered from the troubles +of warre, as well at home as abroad, the king being at good leisure +determined to ride about a great part of the realme, and comming to +Yorke, [Sidenote: _W. Paruus._ The king of Scots dooth homage to the +king of England.] sent for the king of Scots to come and doo his homage. +Now the king of Scots (according to couenants before concluded) came +vnto Yorke in the moneth of August, where dooing his homage about the +twentith day of the same moneth in S. Peters church, the king granted +further by his letters patents, that he and his successours kings of +Scotland, should doo homage and fealtie to the kings of England, so +often as they should be necessarilie required therevnto. In signe and +token of which subiection, the king of Scots offered his hat and his +saddle vpon the altar of S. Peter in Yorke, which for a remembrance +hereof was kept there many yeares after that day. + + The charter conteining the articles of the peace and agreement + concluded betwixt the two kings, which was read in S. Peters church + at the same time, exemplified as followeth. + + [Sidenote: _R. Houed._] + Wilhelmus rex Scotiæ deuenit homo ligius domini regis Angliæ + contra omnes homines, de Scotia & de alijs terris suis, et + fidelitatem ei fecit vt ligio domino suo sicut alij homines sui + ipsi facere solent. Similiter fecit homagium Henrico filio regis + salua fide domini regis patris sui. + + 2 Omnes vero episc. abbates & clerus terræ Scotiæ & successores + sui facient domino regi sicut ligio domino fidelitatem, de quibus + habere voluerit, sicut alij episcopi sui ipsi facere solent, & + Henrico filio suo & Dauid & hæredibus eorum. + + 3 Concessit autem rex Scotiæ, & frater eius, & barones, & alij + homines sui domino regi, quòd ecclesia Scotiæ talem subiectionem + amodò faciet ecclesiæ Angliæ, qualem facere debet, & solebat + tempore regum Angliæ prædecessorum suorum. + + 4 Similiter Richardus episcopus Sancti Andreæ, & Richardus + episcopus Dunkelden. & Gaufridus abbas de Dunfermlin. & Herbertus + prior de Coldingham concesserunt, vt ecclesia Anglicana illud + habeat ius in ecclesia Scotiæ, quod de iure debet habere: & quod + ipsi non erunt contra ius Anglicanæ ecclesiæ. Et de hac + concessione sicut quando ligiam fidelitatem domino regi & domino + Henrico filio suo fecerint, ita eos inde assecurauerint. + + 5 Hoc idem facient alij episcopi & clerus Scotiæ, per + conuentionem inter dominum regem Scotiæ & Dauid fratrem suum & + barones suos factam, comites & barones & alij homines de terra + regis Scotiæ (de quibus dominus rex habere voluerit) facient ei + homagium contra omnem hominem, & fidelitatem vt ligio domino suo + sicut alij homines sui facere ei solent, & Henrico filio suo & + hæredibus suis salua fide domini regis patris sui. Similiter + hæredes regis Scotiæ & baronum & hominum suorum homagium & + ligiantiam facient hæredibus domini regis contra omnem hominem. + + 6 Præterea rex Scotiæ et homines sui nullū amodò fugitiuum de + terra domini regis pro felonia receptabunt, vel in alia terra sua + nisi voluerit venire ad rectum in curia domini regis & stare + iudicio curiæ. Sed rex Scotiæ & homines sui quàm citius poterunt + eum capient, & domino regi reddent, vel iusticiarijs suis aut + balliuis suis in Anglia. + + 7 Si autem de terra regis Scotiæ aliquis fugitiuus fuerit pro + felonia in Anglia, nisi voluerit venire ad rectu in curia domini + regis Scotiæ & stare iudicio curiæ, non receptabitur in terra + regis, sed liberabitur hominibus regis Scotiæ, per balliuos + domini regis vbi inuentus fuerit. + + 8 Præterea homines domini regis habebunt terras suas quas + habebant, & habere debent de domino rege, & hominibus suis, & de + rege Scotiæ & de hominibus suis. Et homines regis Scotiæ habebunt + terras suas, quas habebant, & habere debent de domino rege & + hominibus suis. Pro ista vero conuentione & fine firmiter + obseruando domino regi & Henrico filio suo & hæredibus suis à + rege Scotiæ & hæredibus suis, liberauit rex Scotiæ domino regi + castellum de Roxburgh, & castellum Puellarum, & castellum de + Striueling, in manu domini regis, & ad custodienda castella + assignabit rex Scotiæ de redditu suo mesurabiliter ad voluntatem + domini regis. + + 9 Præterea pro prædicta conuentione & fine exequendo, liberauit + rex Scotiæ domino regi Dauid fratrem suum in obsidem & comitem + Duncanum, & comitem Waldenum, similiter alios comites et barones + cum alijs viris potentibus quorum numerus 18. Et quando castella + reddita fuerint illis, rex Scotiæ & Dauid frater suus + liberabuntor. Comites quidem & barones prænominati vnusquisq; + postquam liberauerit obsidem suum, scilicet filium legitimum, qui + habuerit, & alij nepotes suos vel propinquiores sibi hæredes, & + castellis vt dictum est redditis liberabuntur. + + 10 Præterea rex Scotiæ & barones sui prænominati assecurauerunt, + quod ipsa bona fide, & sine malo ingenio, & sine occasione + facient vt episcopi & barones & cæteri homines terræ suæ, qui non + affuerunt quando rex Scotiæ cum domino rege finiuit: eandem + ligiantiam & fidelitatem domino regi & Henrico filio suo quam + ipsi fecerunt, & vt barones, & homines qui affuerunt obsides, + Liberabunt domino regi de quibus habere voluerit. + + 11 Præterea episc. comites & barones conuentionauerunt domino + regi & Henrico filio suo, quòd si rex Scotiæ aliquo casu à + fidelitate domini regis & filij, & à conuentione prædicta + recederet, ipsi cum domino rege tenebunt sicut cum ligio domino + suo contra regem Scotiæ, & contra omnes homines ei inimicantes. + Et episcopi sub interdicto ponent terram regis Scotiæ donec ipse + ad fidelitatem domini regis redeat. + + 12 Prædictam itaq; conuentionem firmiter obseruandam bona fide, & + sine malo ingenio domino regi & Henrico filio suo & hæredibus + suos à Wilhelmo rege Scotiæ & Dauid fratre suo & baronibus suis + prædictis, & hæredibus eorum assecurauit ipse rex Scotiæ, & Dauid + frater eius, & omnes barones sui prænominati sicut ligij homines + domino regis contra omnem hominem, & Henrici filij sui (salua + fidelitate patris sui) hijs testibus, Richardo episcopo + Abrincensi, et Iohanne Salisburiæ decano, & Roberto abbate + Malmesburiæ, & Radulpho abbate Mundesburg, hec non alijs + abbatibus, comitibus & baronibus, & duobus filijs suis scilicet + Richardo & Galfrido. + +These things being recited in the church of S. Peters in Yorke, in the +presence of the said kings, & of Dauid the king of Scots brother, and +before an innumerable number of other people, the bishops, earles, +barons and knights of Scotland sware fealtie to the king of England and +to Henrie his sonne, and to their heires against all men, as to their +liege and souereigne lords. + +King Henrie hauing ended his businesse at Yorke with the king of Scots +and others, which likewise did homage to him there, returned to London, +in the octaues of S. Michaell, [Sidenote: A parlement at Windsor.] and +he called a parlement at Windsor, whereat were present king Henrie the +sonne, Richard archbishop of Canturburie, and other bishops of England, +Laurence archbishop of Dublin with a great number of earles and barons +of this realme. [Sidenote: Ambassadors from K. Connagh.] About the same +time the archbishop of Tuamon, and the abbat of S. Brandon, with +Laurence the chancellor of Roderike king of Connagh in Ireland were come +as ambassadours from the said Roderike, vnto king Henrie, who willinglie +heard them, as he that was more desirous to grow to some accord with +those sauage people by some freendlie order, than to war with them that +had nothing to lose: so that he might in pursuing of them seeme to fish +with an hooke of gold. Therefore in this parlement the matter was +debated, and in the end a peace concluded at the request of the said +ambassadours, [Sidenote: A tribute of ox hides] the king appointing +Roderike to paie vnto him in token of subiection, a tribute of ox hides. + + + The charter of the agreement was written and subscribed in forme + as followeth. + + [Sidenote: The tenor of the charter of the agreement.] + Haec est finis & concordia quæ facta fuit apud Windshore in + octauis sancti Michaelis an. Gratiæ 1175. inter dominum regem + Angliæ Henr. secundum, & Rodericum regem Conaciæ, per catholicum + Tuamensem archiep. & abbatem C. sancti Brandani, & magistrum L. + cancellarium regis Conaciæ. + + 1 Scilicet quòd rex Angliæ concedit prædicto Roderico ligio + homini suo regnum Conaciæ, quamdiu ei fideliter seruiet, vt sit + rex sub eo, paratus ad seruicium suum sicut homo suus, & vt + teneat terram suam ita bene & in pace sicut tenuit antequam + dominus rex Angliæ intraret Hiberniam, reddendo ei tributum & + totam aliam terram, & habitatores terræ habeat sub se, & + iusticiet vt tributum regi Angliæ integrè persoluant, & per manum + eius sua iura sibi conseruent. Et illi qui modò tenent, teneant + in pace quamdiu manserint in fidelitate regis Angliæ, & fideliter + & integrè persoluerint tributum & alia iura sua quæ ei debent per + manum regis Conaciæ, saluo in omnibus iure & honore domini regis + Angliæ & suo. + + 2 Et si qui ex eis regi Angliæ & ei rebelles fuerint, & tributum + & alia iura regis Angliæ per manum eius soluere noluerint, & à + fidelitate regis Angliæ recesserint, ipse eos iusticiet & + amoueat. Et si eos per se iusticiare non poterit, constabularius + regis Angliæ, & familia sua de terra ilia iuuabunt eum ad hoc + faciendum, cùm ab ipso fuerint requisiti, & ipsi viderint quòd + necesse fuerit. Et propter hunc finem reddet prædictus rex + Conaciæ domino regi Angliæ tributum singulis annis, scilicet de + singulis decem animalibus vnum corium placabile mercatoribus, tam + de tota terra sua, quàm de aliena. + + 3 Excepto quòd de terris illis quas dominus rex Angliæ retinuit + in dominio suo, & in dominio baronum suorum, nihil se + intromittet, scilicet Duuelina cum pertinentijs suis, & Midia cum + omnibus pertinentijs suis sicut vnquam Marchat Wamailethlachlin + earn meliùs & pleniùs tenuit, aut aliqui qui eam de eo tenuerint. + Et excepta Wesefordia, cum omnibus pertinentijs suis, scilicet + cum tota lagenia. Et excepta Waterfordia cum tota terra illa, quæ + est à Waterford vsq; ad Duncarnam, ita vt Duncarnam sit cum + omnibus pertinentijs suis infra terram illam. + + 4 Et si Hibernenses qui aufugerint, redire voluerint ad terram + baronum regis Angliæ, redeant in pace, reddendo tributum + prædictum quod alij reddunt, vel faciendo antiqua seruicia quæ + facere solebant pro terris suis. Et hoc sit in arbitrio dominorum + suorum. Et si aliqui eorum redire noluerint, domini eorum & rex + Conaciæ accipiat obsides ab omnibus quos ei commisit dominus rex + Angliæ ad voluntatem domini regis & suam. Et ipse dabit obsides + ad voluntatem domini regis Angliæ illos vel alios, & ipsi + seruient domino de canibus & auibus suis singulis annis de + præsentis suis. Et nullum omninò de quacunque terra regis sit, + retinebunt contra voluntatem domini regis & mandatum. Hijs + testibus, Richardo episcopo Wintoniæ, Gaufrido episcopo Eliensi, + Laurentio Duuelinensi archiepiscopo, Gaufrido, Nicholao & Rogero + capellanis regis, Guilhelmo comite de Essex, alijs multis. + +Moreouer, at this parlement the king gaue an Irishman named Augustine, +the bishoprike of Waterford, which see was then void, and sent him into +Ireland with Laurence the archbishop of Dubline to be consecrated of +Donat the archbishop of Cassels. The same yeare, both England and the +countries adioining were sore vexed with a great mortalitie of people, +[Sidenote: A great derth.] and immediatlie after followed a sore dearth +and famine. + +[Sidenote: An. Reg. 22. 1176.] King Henrie held his Christmas at +Windsor, and about the feast of the conuersion of saint Paule he came to +Northampton, & after the mortalitie was well ceassed, [Sidenote: A +parlement at Northampton. _Matth. Paris._] he called a Parlement, +whereat was present a deacon cardinall intituled of S. Angelo, being +sent into England as a legat from the pope, to take order in the +controuersies betwixt the two archbishops of Canturburie[10] and Yorke. +This cardinall whose name was Hugh Petro Lion, assembled in the same +place a conuocation or synod of the bishops and cleargie, as well of +England as Scotland: in which conuocation, after the ceassing of +certeine strifes and decrées made as well concerning the state of +common-wealth, as for the honest behauiour of mans life, the cardinall +consented that (according as by the kings lawes it was alreadie +ordeined) all maner of persons within the sacred orders of the cleargie, +[Sidenote: An act against préests that were hunters.] which should hunt +within the kings grounds and kill any of his deare, should be conuented +and punished before a temporall iudge. Which libertie granted to the +king, did so infringe the immunitie which the cleargie pretended to haue +within this realme, that afterwards in manie points, préests were called +before temporall iudges, and punished for their offenses as well as the +laitie, though they haue grudged indéed and mainteined that they had +wrong therein, [Sidenote: _Polydor._] as they that would be exempted and +iudged by none, except by those of their owne order. + +[Sidenote: Obedience of the Church of Scotland to the Church of +England.] Moreouer, in this councell the matter came in question +touching the obedience which the church of the bishops of Scotland did +owe by right vnto the archbishop of Yorke, whom from the beginning the +popes of Rome had constituted and ordeined to be primat of all Scotland, +and of the Iles belonging to that realme, as well of the Orkeneis as all +the other. Which constitution was obserued by the bishops of those parts +manie yeares togither, though after they renounced their obedience. +Whervpon the archbishops of Yorke (for the time being) continuallie +complained, so that these popes, Paschall the second, Calyxt the second, +Honorius, Innocentius, Eugenius the third, and Adrian the fourth, had +the hearing of the matter, and with often sending their letters, went +about to reduce them to the prouince of Yorke. But the Scots still +withstanding this ordinance, at length the matter thus in controuersie +was referred to pope Alexander, who sent the foresaid cardinall Hugh as +well to make an end of that contention, as of diuerse other: but yet he +left it vndecided. + +[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ The king of the Scots commeth to the +parlement.] William king of Scotland came personallie vnto this +parlement at Northampton, by commandement of king Henrie, and brought +with him Richard bishop of S. Andrew, and Josseline bishop of Glascow, +with other bishops and abbats of Scotland, the which being commanded by +king Henrie to shew such subiection to the church of England as they +were bound to doo by the faith which they owght to him, and by the oth +of fealtie which they had made to him, they made this answer, that they +had neuer shewed any subiection to the church of England, nor ought. +Against which deniall, the archbishop of Yorke replied, and brought +foorth sufficient priuileges granted by the forenamed popes, to prooue +the subiection of the Scotish bishops, and naimelie Glascow and Whiterne +vnto the see of Yorke. But bicause the archbishop of Canturburie meant +to bring the Scotish bishops vnder subiection to his see, he wrought so +for that time with the king, that he suffered them to depart home, +without yéelding any subiection to the church of England. The letters +which the foresaid popes did send touching this matter, were remaining +safe and sound amongst other writings in the colledge at Yorke, when +Polydor Virgil wrote the histories of England, the copies whereof in an +old ancient booke he confesseth to haue séene and read. + +[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ Diuision of the circuits for iustices +itinerants.] But to speake further of things ordered and doone at this +parlement holden at Northampton, the king by common consent of his +Nobles and other states, diuided his realme into six parts, appointing +thrée iustices itinerants in euerie of them, as here followeth, Hugh de +Cressie, Walter Fitz Robert, and Robert Mantell, were deputed vnto +Northfolke, Suffolke, Cambridgeshire, Huntingtonshire, Bedfordshire, +Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire: Hugh de Gundeuille, William +Fitz Rafe, and William Basset were appointed to Lincolnshire, +Notinghamshire, Derbishire, Staffordshire, Warwikeshire, +Northamptonshire, and Leicestershire: Robert Fitz Bernard, Richard +Gifford, Roger Fitz Remfrey, were assigned to Kent, Surrey, Hampshire, +Sussex, Berkshire and Oxfordshire: William Fitz Stephan, Berthram de +Verdon, Thurstan Fitz Simon were ordeined to Herefordshire, +Glocestershire, Worcestershire, and Salopshire: Rafe Fitz Stephan, +William Ruffe, and Gilbert Pipard were put in charge with Wilshire, +Dorsetshire, Summersetshire, Deuonshire & Cornwall: Robert de Wals, +Ranulf de Glanuile, and Robert Pikenet were appointed to Yorkeshire, +Richmondshire, Lancashire, Copeland, Westmerland, Northumberland, and +Cumberland. + +[Sidenote: The oth of the iustices.] The king caused these iustices to +sweare vpon the holie euangelists, that they should kéepe his assises +which he first had ordeined at Clarendon, and after had renewed here at +Northampton, & also caused all his subiects within the relme of England +to kéepe and obserue the same. + +[Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] Moreouer at this councell, king Henrie restored +vnto Robert earle of Leicester all his lands, both on this side the sea, +and beyond, in maner as he held the same fiftéene daies before the +warre. To William de Albenie earle of Arundell, he gaue the earledome of +Sussex. About midlent, the king with his sonne and the legat came to +London, where at Westminster a conuocation of the cleargie was called, +but when the legat was set, and the archbishop of Canturburie on his +right hand as primat of the realme, [Sidenote: The presumptuous demeanor +of y^e archbishop of Yorke.] the archbishop of Yorke comming in, and +disdaining to sit on the left, where he might séeme to giue preheminence +vnto the archbishop of Canturburie (vnmanerlie inough indeed) swasht him +downe, meaning to thrust himselfe in betwixt the legat, and the +archbishop of Canturburie. And where belike the said archbishop of +Canturburie was loth to remooue, he set his buttocks iust in his lap, +but he scarslie touched the archbishops skirt with his bum, when the +bishops and other chapleins with their seruants stept to him, pulled him +away, and threw him to the ground, and beginning to lay on him with bats +and fists, the archbishop of Canturburie yeelding good for euill, sought +to saue him from their hands. Thus was verified in him that sage +sentence, + [Sidenote: _Pub. Mim._] + Nunquam periculum sine periculo vincitur. +The archbishop of Yorke with his rent rochet got vp, and awaie he went +to the king with a great complaint against the archbishop of +Canturburie: but when vpon examination of the matter the truth was +knowne, he was well laught at for his labour, and "that was all the +remedie he got. As he departed so bebuffeted foorth of the conuocation +house towards the king, they cried out vpon him; Go traitor that diddest +betray that holy man Thomas, go get thee hence, thy hands yet stinke of +bloud." The assemblie was by this meanes dispersed, and the legat fled +and got him out of the waie, as he might with shame enough, which is the +common panion and waiting-woman of pride, as one verie well said, + [Sidenote: _Pub. Mim._] + Citò ignominia fit superbi gloria. + +[Sidenote: Appeales made.] After this, followed appealings, the +archbishop of Yorke appealed to Rome, and the legat also for his owne +safegard appealed the archbishop of Canturburie vnto Rome, which +archbishop submitting himselfe and his cause vnder the popes protection, +made a like solemne appeale from the legat to the pope. The legat +perceiuing that the matter went otherwise than he wished, and séeing +little remedie to be had at that present, gaue ouer his legatship as it +had béene of his owne accord, though greatlie against his will, and +prepared himselfe to depart. Neuerthelesse, through mediation of fréends +that tooke paines betwixt them, they gaue ouer their appeales on either +side, [Sidenote: The conuocation dissolued.] and dissembled the +displeasures which they had conceiued either against other, but yet the +conuocation was dissolued for that time, and the two archbishops +presented their complaints to the king, who kept his Easter this yeare +at Winchester, and about the same time or shortlie after, licenced his +sonne Henrie to saile ouer into Normandie, meaning shortlie after to go +vnto Compostella in Spaine, to visit the bodie of saint James the +apostle, but beeing otherwise aduised by his fathers letters, he +discontinued his purpose and staied at home. + +The same yeare, the ladie Johan the kings daughter was giuen in marriage +vnto William king of Sicill. [Sidenote: _N. Triuet._] Also the same +yeare died the lord cheefe iustice of Ireland, Robert earle of Striguill +otherwise Chepstow, then was William Fitzaldelme ordeined lord cheefe +iustice in his place, [Sidenote: _R. Houed._ _N. Triuet._] who seized +into the kings hands all those fortresses which the said earle of +Striguill held within the realme of Ireland. [Sidenote: A tribut grāted +by the Irish.] The Irishmen also paied to the king a tribute of twelue +pence yearelie for euerie house, or else for euery yoke of oxen which +they had of their owne. William earle of Arundell died also this yeare +at Wauerley, and was buried at Wimondham. + +[Sidenote: _R. Houed._] This yeare, when it might haue beene thought +that all things were forgotten touching the rebellious attempts made +against king Henrie the father by his sons, [Sidenote: The wals of the +towne and castell of Leicester raced.] and other (as before ye haue +heard) he caused the wals both of the towne and castell of Leicester to +be raced and all such castels and places of strength as had béene kept +against him during the time of that rebellion, to be likewise +ouerthrowne and made plaine with the ground, as the castels of +Huntington, Waleton, Growby, Hey, Stutesbirrie or Sterdesbirrie, +Malasert, the new castell of Allerton, the castels of Fremingham and +Bungey, with diuers other both in England and Normandie. But the castels +of Pascie, and Mountsorell he reteined in his owne hands as his of +right, being so found by a iurie of fréeholders impanelled there in the +countrie; further he seized into his hands all the other castels of +bishops, earles and barons, both in England and Normandie, appointing +keepers in them at his pleasure. [Sidenote: Elinor the kings daughter +married to the king of Castile.] This yeare also he married his daughter +Elianor vnto Alfonse king of Castile. + +[Sidenote: Gilbert Fitz Fergus.] Moreouer, Gilbert the sonne of Fergus +lord of Galloway, who had slaine his brother Uthred coosen to king +Henrie, came this yeare into England, vnder conduct of William king of +Scotland, and became king Henrie the fathers man, swearing fealtie to +him against all men: and to haue his loue and fauour gaue him a thousand +marks of siluer, and deliuered into his hands his son Duncane as a +pledge. [Sidenote: Richard earle of Poictow.] It is to be remembred +also, that in this yeare Richard earle of Poictow sonne to king Henrie, +fought with certeine Brabanders his enimies betwixt S. Megrine and +Buteuille, where he ouercame them. + +¶ Here I haue thought good to aduertise the reader, that these men of +war, whom we haue generallie in this part of our booke named Brabanders, +we find them written in old copies diuerslie, as Brebazones, Brebanceni, +and Brebationes, the which for so much as I haue found them by the +learned translated Brabanders, and that the French word somewhat +yeeldeth thereto, I haue likewise so named them: wherein whether I haue +erred or not, I must submit mine opinion to the learned & skilfull +searchers of such points of antiquities. For to confesse in plaine truth +mine ignorance, or rather vnresolued doubt herein, I can not satisfie my +selfe with any thing that I haue read, whereby to assure my coniecture +what to make of them, although verelie it may be, and the likelihood is +great, that the Brabanders in those daies for their trained skill and +vsuall practise in warlike feats, wan themselues a name, whereby not +onelie those that were naturallie borne in Brabant, but such also as +serued amongst them, or else vsed the same warlike furniture, order, +trade and discipline, which was in vse among them, passed in that age +vnder the name of Brabanders. Or else I must thinke, that by reason of +some od kind of habit or other speciall cause, a certeine sort of +souldiers purchased to themselues the priuilege of that name, so to be +called Brabanceni or Brebationes (whether ye will) as hath chanced to +the Lansquenetz and Reisters in our time, and likewise to the companions +Arminaes and Escorchers in the daies of our forefathers, and as in all +ages likewise it hath fortuned amongst men of warre. Which if it so +chanced to these Brabanceni, I know not then what countriemen to make +them: for as I remember, Marchades that was a chiefe leader of such +souldiers as were knowne by that name (as after ye shall heare) is +reported by some authors to be a Prouancois. + +It should séeme also that they were called by other names, as the Routs +(in Latine Ruptarij) which name whether it came of a French word, as ye +would say some vnrulie and headstrong companie, or of the Dutch word +Rutters, that signifieth a rider, I cannot say. But it may suffice for +the course of the historie to vnderstand that they were a kind of hired +souldiers, in those daies highlie estéemed, and no lesse feared, in so +much that against them and others there was an article conteined among +the decrées of the Laterane councell holden at Rome, [Sidenote: _Wil. +Paruus. lib. 3. cap. 3._] in the yeare 1179, whereby all those were to +be denounced accursed, which did hire, mainteine or any way nourish +those Brebationes, Aragonois, Nauarrois, Basques and Coterelles, which +did so much hurt in the christian world in those daies. + +But to returne where we left to earle Richard, beside the aboue +mentioned victorie against those Brabanders, if we shall so take them; +he also vanquished Hamerike vicount of Limoges, and William earle of +Angolesme, with the vicounts of Ventadore and Cambanais, who attempted +rebellion against him, whome earle Richard subdued, and tooke prisoners, +with diuerse castels and strong holds which they had fortified. + +[Sidenote: The departure of the legat foorth of the Realme.] About the +feast of Peter and Paule, the legat departed out of the realme, of whom +we find that as he granted to the king some liberties against the +priuileges which the cleargie pretended to haue a right vnto: so he +obteined of the king certeine grants in fauour of them and their order, +as thus. + + [Sidenote: Liberties obteined for churchmen.] + 1 First, that for no offense, crime or transgression any + spirituall person should be brought before a temporall iudge + personallie, except for hunting, or for some laie fee, or that + for which some temporall seruice was due to be yéelded, either to + the king, or some other that was cheefe lord thereof. + + 2 Secondlie, that no archbishops see, nor bishops sée, nor any + abbaie should be kept in the kings hands more than one yeare, + except vpon some euident cause or necessitie constreining. + + 3 Thirdlie, that such as slue any spirituall person, and were of + such offense conuicted, either by euidence or confession before + the iustice of the realme in presence of the bishop, should be + punished as the temporall law in such cases required. + + 4 Fourthlie, that spirituall men should not be compelled to fight + in lists for the triall of any matter or cause whatsoeuer. + +[Sidenote: _N. Triuet._] It should appeare by Nicholas Triuet, that the +archbishop of Canturburie procured the bishops of Winchester, Elie, and +Norwich, thrée prelats highlie at that present in the kings fauour, to +further these grants; namelie, that such as slue any préest or +spirituall person might haue the law for it: where before, there was no +punishment for a season vsed against such offendors but onelie +excommunication. But now to leaue preests, we will passe to other +matters. + +[Sidenote: The yoong K. beginneth new practises against his father.] +In this meane time, king Henrie the sonne remaining in Normandie, began +to deuise new practises how to remooue his father from the gouernment +and to take it to himselfe; but one of his seruants named Adam de +Cherehedune being of his secret counsell, aduertised king Henrie the +father thereof, for the which his maister king Henrie the sonne + (Cereus in vitium flecti, monitoribus asper) +put him to great shame and rebuke, causing him to be stripped naked, and +whipped round about the streets of the citie of Poictiers, where he then +was vpon his returne from his brother earle Richard, with whome he had +beene to aid him against his enimies. [Sidenote: _R. Houed._] King +Henrie the father perceiuing the naughtie mind of his sonne, and that he +ceassed not from his wilfull maliciousnesse, thought to dissemble all +things, sith he saw no hope of amendment in him: but yet to be prouided +against his wicked attempts, he furnished all his fortresses both in +England & in Normandie with strong garisons of men, and all necessarie +munition. + +About this time, the sea rose on such a heigth, that manie men were +drowned thereby. Also a great snow fell this yeare, which by reason of +the hard frost that chanced therewith, continued long without wasting +away, so that fishes both in the sea and fresh water died through +sharpenesse and vehemencie of that frost, neither could husbandmen till +the ground. A sore eclipse of the sunne chanced also the sixt ides of +Januarie. The monasterie of Westwood or Lesnos was begun to be founded +by Richard de Lucie Lord chéefe iustice. The same yeare also at +Woodstocke the king made his sonne the lord Geffrey knight. + +[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] [Sidenote: 1177.] In the yeare 1177. king +Henrie held his Christmas at Northampton, with his two sonnes Geffrey +and John, his other two sonnes the yoong king Henrie, and Richard earle +of Poictou, were in the parts beyond the seas, as the king in Normandie, +and the earle in Gascoigne, [Sidenote: The citie of Aques or Aigues.] +where he besieged the citie of Aques, which the vicount of Aques and the +earle of Bigorre had fortified against him, but he wan it within ten +daies after his comming thither. Within the like terme also he wan the +citie of Baion, which Arnold Berthram had fortified against him, and +cōming to the vttermost frontiers of that countrie adioining to Spaine, +he tooke a castell called saint Piero which he destroied, and +constreined the Basques and Nauarrois to receiue an oth, that from +thencefoorth they should suffer passengers quietlie to come and go +through their countrie, and that they should liue in quiet and keepe +peace one with an other, and so he reformed the state of that countrie, +and caused them to renounce manie euill customes which they before that +time had vnlawfullie vsed. + +[Sidenote: An. Reg. 23.] [Sidenote: _Polydor._ Geoffrey the kings base +sonne made bishop of Lincolne.] Moreouer, king Henrie, to auoid further +slander, placed for bishop in the see of Lincolne a bastard son which he +had named Geffrey, after he had kept that bishoprike in his hands so +long till he had almost cleerelie destroied it. And his sonne that was +now made bishop to helpe the matter for his part, made hauocke in +wasting and spending in riotous manner the goods of that church, and in +the end forsooke his miter, and left the sée againe in the kings hands +to make his best of it. + +Furthermore, the king in times past made a vow to build a new monasterie +in satisfaction of his offenses committed against Thomas the archbishop +of Canturburie: wherefore he required of the bishops and other +spirituall fathers, to haue some place by them assigned, where he might +begin that foundation. But whilest they should haue taken aduise herein, +he secretlie practised with the cardinals, and with diuerse other +bishops, that he might remoue the secular canons out of the colledge at +Waltham, and place therein regular canons, so to saue monie in his +cofers, planting in another mans vineyard. Howbeit, bicause it should +not be thought he did this of such a couetous meaning, he promised to +giue great possessions to that house, which he after but slenderlie +performed, though vpon licence obteined at the bishops hands, [Sidenote: +Préests displaced, & canons regular put in their roomes.] he displaced +the preests, and brought their roomes the canons as it were by waie of +exchange. + +[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ Nunnes of Amesburie.] The same yeare also he +thrust the nunnes of Amesburie out of their house, bicause of their +incontinent liuing, in abusing their bodies greatlie to their reproch, +and bestowed them in other monasteries to be kept in more streightlie. +And their house was committed vnto the abbesse and couent of +Founteuered, who sent ouer certeine of their number to furnish the house +of Amesburie, wherein they were placed by the archbishop of Canturburie, +in the presence of the king and a great number of others. + +[Sidenote: Philip earle of Flanders.] Philip earle of Flanders by +sending ouer ambassadours to king Henrie, promised that he would not +bestow his two néeces, daughters to his brother Matthew earle of +Bullongne, without consent of the same king: but shortlie after he +forgot his promise, & married the elder of them to the duke of Zaringes, +& the yoonger to Henrie duke of Louaine. + +[Sidenote: John de Curcie.] John de Curcie lord cheefe iustice of +Ireland discomfiting a power of Irishmen, [Sidenote: The citie of Dun +taken. Roderike K. of Ulnestre vanquished.] wan the citie of Dun in +Ulnestre, where the bodies of S. Patrike and S. Colme confessors, and S. +Brigit the virgin are buried, for the taking of which citie, Roderike +king of Ulnestre being sore offended, raised a mightie host, and comming +into the field, fought with the lord cheefe iustice, and in the end +receiued & tooke the ouerthrow at his hands, although the lord cheefe +iustice at that encounter lost no small number of his men. Amongst +prisoners that were taken, the bishop of Dun was one, whom yet the lord +chéefe iustice released and set at libertie, in respect of a request and +suit made to him by a cardinall the popes legat that was there in +Ireland at that time. + +[Sidenote: Viuiano a cardinall.] This cardinals name was Viuiano, +intituled the cardinall of S. Stephan in Mount Celio; he was sent from +the pope the yeare before, and comming into England, though without +licence, was pardoned vpon knowledging his fault for his entring without +the kings leaue first obteined, and so permitted to go into Scotland, +whither (as also into other the northwest regions) he was sent as legat, +authorised from the pope. Now when he had ended his businesse in +Scotland, he passed ouer into Man, and there held his Christmasse with +Euthred king of Man, and after the feast of the Epiphanie, sailed from +thence into Ireland, [Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] and chanced (the same +time that the Englishmen inuaded that countrie) to be in the citie of +Dun, where he was receiued of the king & bishops of that land with great +reuerence. + +The inuasion then of the Englishmen being signified to them of the +countrie aforehand they asked counsell of the legat what he thought best +to be doone in that matter; who streightwaies told them, that they ought +to fight in defense of their countrie, and at their setting forward, he +gaue them his benediction in waie of their good speed. But they comming +(as ye haue heard) to encounter with the Englishmen, were put to flight, +and beaten backe into the citie, which was herewith also woone by the +Englishmen, so that the Romane legat was glad to get him into the church +for his more safegard, and like a wise fellow had prouided afore hand +for such haps if they chanced, hauing there with him the king of +Englands letters directed to the capteins in Ireland in the legats +fauour, so that by the assistance and authoritie of the same, he went to +Dublin, [Sidenote: The legat holdeth a councell at Dublin.] and there +(in the name of the pope and the king of England) held a councell. + +But when he began to practise, after the manner of legats in those +daies, somewhat largelie for his owne aduantage, in the churches of that +simple rude countrie, the English capteins commanded him either to +depart, or else to go foorth to the wars with them: whervpon he returned +into Scotland, hauing his bags well stuffed with Irish gold, for the +which it seemed he greatlie thirsted. + +¶ Where we haue to note the drift of the pope and all popelings to be +far otherwise than they pretend. For who (vnlesse he will be wilfullie +ignorant) knoweth not, that he and his neuer attempt any thing, but the +same beareth the hew and colour of holinesse and honestie? Hereto tend +the sendings out of his legats and cardinals to make pacifications, to +redresse disorders, to appease tumults, & I wot not what infinit +enormities (for he must haue his ore in euerie mans bote, his spoone in +euerie mans dish, and his fingers in euerie mans pursse) but the end and +scope of all his doings consisteth in this; namelie, to set himselfe +aboue all souereigntie, to purchase and assure to himselfe an absolute +and supereminent iurisdiction, to rob Christian kingdomes, to impouerish +churches, chapels, and religious places. Our chronicles are full of +these his pranks, and here we haue one practised by a lim of his, who +(as you sée) verie impudentlie and licentiouslie preied vpon the +church-goods, and conuerted the same to his owne profit and commoditie: +which he had if not trembled, yet blushed to doo, considering that the +goods of the church are the treasurie of Christ (or at leastwise ought +to be) and that none ought to alienate or change the propertie of such +goods, as the canon law hath prouided. Besides, the wretch ought to haue +remembred that which euen the verie pagans did not forget; namelie, + [Sidenote: _Prop. lib._] + Haud vllas portabis opes Acherontis ad vndas, + Nudus ad infernas stulte vehere rates. + +But now to the dooings of John de Curcie, and of those Englishmen that +were with him, who did not onelie defend such places as they had woone +out of the Irishmens hands against those kings and their powers, but +also inlarged dailie more and more their frontiers, and wan the towne of +Armach (wherein is the metropolitane see of all that land) with the +whole prouince thereto belonging. + +[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _Polydor._] About the same time came +ambassadours vnto king Henrie from Alfonse king of Castile and Garsias +king of Nauarre, to aduertise him, that in a controuersie risen betwixt +the said two kings touching the possession of certeine grounds néere +vnto the confines of their realms, they had chosen him for iudge by +compromise, promising vpon their oths to stand vnto & abide his order +and decrée therein. [Sidenote: _R. Houed._] Therefore they required him +to end the matter, by his authoritie, sith they had wholie put it to his +iudgement. [Sidenote: _Polydor._] Furthermore, either king had sent a +most able and valiant knight furnished with horsse and armour readie in +their princes cause to fight the combat, if king Henrie should happilie +commit the triall of their quarrell vnto the iudgement of battell. King +Henrie gladlie accepted their request, so that thervpon calling his +councellors togither, he consulted with them of the thing, and hearing +euerie mans opinion, at length he gaue iudgement so with the one, that +the other was contented to be agreeable therevnto. + +Within a while after, Philip earle of Flanders came ouer into England to +doo his deuotions at the toome of Thomas archbishop of Canturburie, of +whome the most part of men then had conceiued an opinion of such +holinesse, that they reputed him for a saint. The king met him there, +and verie fréendlie enterteined him, and bicause he was appointed +shortlie after to go ouer into the holie land to war against Gods +enimies, the king gaue him fiue hundred marks in reward, and licenced +William Mandeuile earle of Essex to go in that iourneie with other +lords, knights and men of warre of sundrie nations that were of his +dominions. + +The king then returning vnto London, tooke order for the establishing of +things touching the suertie of the realme, and his owne estate. +[Sidenote: _R. Houed._] And first he appointed the custodie of such +castels as were of most importance by their situation, vnto the kéeping +of certeine worthie capteins. To sir William de Stuteuille he assigned +the custodie of Rockesburgh castell, to sir Roger de Stuteuille the +castell of Edenburgh, to sir William Neuille the castell of Norham, to +sir Geffrie Neuille the castell of Berwike, and to the archbishop of +Yorke he deliuered the castell of Scarborough, [Sidenote: Durham tower.] +and sir Roger Coniers he made capteine of the tower of Durham, which he +had taken from the bishop, bicause he had shewed himselfe an vnstedfast +man in the time of the ciuill warre, and therefore to haue the kings +fauour againe, he gaue to him two thousand marks, with condition that +his castels might stand, [Sidenote: Henrie de Pudsey] and that his sonne +Henrie de Putsey aliàs Pudsey, might enioy one of the kings manor places +called Wighton. + +[Sidenote: A parlement at Oxford.] After this, the king went to +Oxenford, and there held a parlement, [Sidenote: John the kings sonne +created king of Ireland. _Polydor._ It rained blood.] at the which he +created his sonne John king of Ireland, hauing a grant and confirmation +thereto from pope Alexander. About the same time it rained bloud in the +Ile of Wight, by the space of two daies togither, so that linen clothes +that hoong on the hedges were coloured therewith: which vnvsed woonder +caused the people, as the manner is, to suspect some euill of the said +Johns gouernement. + +Moreouer, to this parlement holden at Oxenford, all the chéefe rulers +and gouernours of Southwales and Northwales repaired, [Sidenote: _R. +Houed._] and became the king of Englands liege men, swearing fealtie to +him against all men. Héerevpon he gaue unto Rice ap Griffin[11] prince of +Southwales the land of Merionith, and to Dauid ap Owen he gaue the lands +of Ellesmare. Also at the same time he gaue and confirmed vnto Hugh +Lacie (as before is said) the land of Meth in Ireland with the +appurtenances, for the seruice of an hundred knights or men of armes, to +hold of him and of his sonne John by a charter which he made thereof. +Also he diuided there the lands and possessions of Ireland with the +seruices to his subiects, as well of England as Ireland, appointing some +to hold by seruice to find fortie knights or men of armes, and some +thirtie, and so foorth. + +Vnto two Irish lords he granted the kingdome of Corke for the seruice of +fortie knights, and to other three lords he gaue the kingdome of +Limerike for the seruice of the like number of knights to be held of him +& his sonne John, reseruing to himselfe & to his heires the citie of +Limerike with one cantred. [Sidenote: William Fitz Adelme. Robert de +Poer. Hugh Lacie.] To William Fitz Adeline his sewer, he gaue the citie +of Wesseford with the appurtenances and seruices: and to Robert de Poer +his marshall, he gaue the citie of Waterford; and to Hugh Lacie, he +committed the safe keeping of the citie of Diueline. And these persons, +to whome such gifts and assignations were made, receiued othes of +fealtie to beare their allegiance vnto him and to his sonne for those +lands and possessions in Ireland, in maner and forme as was requisite. + +The cardinall Viuian hauing dispatched his businesse in Ireland, came +backe into England, and by the kings safe conduct returned againe into +Scotland, where in a councell holden at Edenburgh, he suspended the +bishop of Whiterne, bicause he did refuse to come to that councell: but +the bishop made no account of that suspension, hauing a defense good +inough by the bishop of Yorke, whose suffragane he was. + +After the king had dissolued and broken vp his parlement at Oxenford, he +came to Marleborrough, [Sidenote: Philip de Breause.] and there granted +vnto Philip de Breause all the kingdome of Limerike for the seruice of +fortie knights: for Hubert and William the brethren of Reignold earle of +Cornewall, and John de la Pumeray their nephue, refused the gift +thereof, bicause it was not as yet conquered. For the king thereof, +surnamed Monoculus, that is, with one eie, who had held that kingdome of +the king of England, being latelie slaine, one of his kinsemen got +possession of that kingdome, and held it without acknowledging any +subiection to king Henrie, nor would obeie his officers, bicause of the +losses and damages which they did practise against the Irish people, +without occasion (as they alleadged) by reason whereof the king of Corke +also rebelled against the king of England and his people, [Sidenote: +_Matth. Paris._] and so that realme was full of trouble. + +[Sidenote: _Polychr._] The same season, quéene Margaret the wife of king +Henrie the sonne was deliuered of a man child which liued not past thrée +daies. [Sidenote: Jewes in England.] In that time there was also through +all England a great multitude of Jewes, and bicause they had no place +appointed them were to burie those that died, but onelie at London, they +were constrained to bring all their dead corpses thither from all parts +of the realme. To ease them therfore of that inconuenience, they +obteined of king Henrie a grant, to haue a place assigned them in euerie +quarter where they dwelled, to burie their dead bodies. The same yeare +was the bodie of S. Amphibulus the martyr, who was instructor to saint +Albone found, not farre from the towne of S. Albones, and there in the +monasterie of that towne buried with great and solemne ceremonies. + +In the meane time, king Henrie passed ouer into Normandie, hearing that +the old grudge betwixt him & king Lewes began to be renewed vpon this +occasion, that whereas king Henrie had receiued the French kings +daughter Alice, promised in mariage vnto his sonne Richard, to remaine +in England with him, till she were able to companie with hir husband, +king Henrie being of a dissolute life, and giuen much to the pleasure of +the bodie (a vice which was grafted in the bone and therefore like to +sticke fast in the flesh, for as it is said, + Quod noua testa capit inueterata sapit) +at least wise (as the French king suspected) began to fantasie the yoong +ladie, and by such wanton talke and companie-keeping as he vsed with +hir, he was thought to haue brought hir to consent to his fleshlie lust, +which was the cause wherefore he would not suffer his sonne to marrie +hir, [Sidenote: _R. Houed._] being not of ripe yeares nor viripotent or +mariable. Wherefore the French king imagining (vpon consideration of the +other kings former loose life) what an inconuenience & infamie might +redound to him and his, bethought himselfe that + Turpe senex miles turpe senilis amor, +and therefore déemed iustlie that such a vile reproch wrought against +him in his bloud, was in no wise to be suffered, but rather preuented, +resisted & withstood. Herevpon he complained to the pope, who for +redresse thereof, sent one Peter a préest, & cardinall intituled of +saint Grisogone as legat from him into France, with commission to put +Normandie and all the lands that belonged to king Henrie vnder +inderdiction, if he would not suffer the mariage to be solemnized +without delaie betwixt his sonne Richard and Alice the French kings +daughter. [Sidenote: The kings méet at Yurie.] The king aduertised +hereof, came to a communication with the French king at Yurie, vpon the +21. of September, and there offered to cause the mariage to be +solemnised out of hand, if the French king would giue in marriage with +his daughter the citie of Burges, with all the appurtenances as it was +accorded, and also vnto his sonne king Henrie the countrie of +Veulgesine, that is to say, all the land betwixt Gisors and Pussie, as +he had likewise couenanted. + +But bicause the French king refused so to doo, king Henrie would not +suffer his sonne Richard to marrie his daughter Alice: howbeit at this +entervew of the two princes, by the helpe of the cardinall, and other +Noble men on both sides, they agreed to be freends, and that if they +could not take order betwixt them, to end all matters touching the +controuersies depending betwixt them for the lands in Auuergne and +Berrie, and for the fée of Chateau Raoul; then should the matter be put +to twelue persons, six on the one side, and six on the other, +authorising them to compound and finish that controuersie and all other +which might rise betwixt them. For the French king these were named, the +bishops of Claremount, Neuers, and Trois; and three barons, erle +Theobald, Robert, and Peter de Courtneie, the kings bretheren. For the +king of England were named the bishops of Mauns, Peregort, and Naunts; +with three barons also, Maurice de Croume, William Maigot and Peter de +Mountrabell. + +At the same time also, both these kings promised and vndertooke to ioine +their powers togither, and to go into the holie land to aid Guido king +of Jerusalem, whome the Saracen Saladine king of Aegypt did sore +oppresse with continuall and most cruell war. [Sidenote: _R. Houed._ A +law.] This doone, the French king returned home, and king Henrie came to +Vernueil, where he made this ordinance, that no man should trouble the +vassall or tenant, as we may call them, for his lords debt. + +After this king Henrie went into Berrie, and tooke Chateau Roux or +Raoul, and marching towards Castre, the lord of that towne came and met +him on the waie, surrendring into his hands the daughter of Rafe de +Dolis latelie before deceassed, whome the king gaue vnto Baldwine de +Riuers, with the honor of Chateau Roux or Raoul. Then went he vnto +Graundemont, where Audebert earle of March came vnto him, [Sidenote: The +purchase of the erldome of March.] and sold to him the whole countrie of +March for the summe of fifteene thousand pounds Anioun, twentie mules, +and twentie palfreis. The charters of this grant and sale made and giuen +vnder the seale of the said earle of March, bare date in the moneth of +September Anno Christi 1177. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 24.] Then did the king +receiue the fealtie and homages of all the barons and knights of the +countrie of March, after he had satisfied, contented, and paid the monie +vnto the earle according to the couenants. + +[Sidenote: 1178.] The king this yeare held his Christmas at Angiers, and +meaning shortlie after to returne into England, he sent to the French +king for letters of protection, which were granted, and sent to him in +forme as followeth. + + The tenour of the French kings letters of protection. + + Lvdouicus rex Francorum, omnibus ad quos præsentes literæ + peruenerint salutem. Nouerit vniuersitas vestra quòd nos + recipimus in protectione & custodia nostra totam terram Henrici + regis Angliæ charissimi fratris nostri, in cismarinis partibus + sitam, si contigerit eum in Angliam transfretare vel peregrè + proficisci. Ita planè, vt quādo balliui sui de terra transmarina + nos requisierint, bona fide & sine malo ingenio eis consilium & + auxilium præstabimus, ad eiusdem terras defensionem & + protectionem. Actum apud Nicenas. The English whereof is thus. + + "Lewes king of France, to all those to whom these present letters + shall come greeting. Know all ye that we haue receiued into our + protection & custodie all the lands of Henrie king of England + our deare brother, lieng and being in the parts of this side the + sea, if it chance him to passe ouer into England, or to go any + waie foorth from home, so that when the bailiues of his lands on + this hither side the sea shall require vs, we shall helpe them + and counsell them faithfullie and without male-engine for defense + and protection of the same lands. Giuen at Nicens." + +Shortlie after, king Henrie returned into England from Normandie, and at +Woodstocke made his sonne Geffrey knight. [Sidenote: A generall councell +summoned at Rome.] This yeare pope Alexander sent into all parts legats +to summon the bishops and prelates to a generall councell to be holden +at Rome in the beginning of the Lent in the yere next following. +Whereabout two legats came into England, the one named Albert de Suma, +who had in commission to summon them of England and Normandie: and the +other called Petro de Santa Agatha, who was appointed to summon them of +Scotland, Ireland, and the Iles about the same: wherevpon obteining +licence to passe through the king of Englands dominions, he was +constreined to sweare vpon the holie euangelists, that he should not +attempt any thing in his legatship that might be hurtfull to the king or +his realme, and that he should come and visit the king againe as he +returned homewards. + +This yeare on the sundaie before the natiuitie of S. John Baptist, being +the 18 of June, after the setting of the sunne, [Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] +there appeared a maruellous sight in the aire, vnto certeine persons +that beheld the same. [Sidenote: A strange sight about the moone.] For +whereas the new moone shone foorth verie faire with his hornes towardes +the east, streightwais the vpper horne was diuided into two, out of the +the mids of which diuision a burning brand sprang vp, casting from it a +farre off coles and sparks, as it had beene of fire. The bodie of the +moone in the meane time that was beneath, séemed to wrest and writh in +resemblance like to an adder or snake that had béene beaten, and anon +after it came to the old state againe. This chanced aboue a dozzen +times, and at length from horne to horne it became blacke. + +In September following, the moone being about 27. daies hold, at six of +the clocke, a partile eclipse of the sunne happened, for the bodie +thereof appeared as it were horned shooting the hornes towards the west +as the moone dooth: being twentie daies old. [Sidenote: A strange +eclipse of the sunne.] The residue of the compasse of it was couered +with a blacke roundell, which comming downe by little and little, threw +about the horned brightnesse that remained, till both the hornes came to +hang downe on either side to the earthwards; and as the blacke roundell +went by little & little forwards, the homes at length were turned +towards the west, and so the blacknesse passing awaie, the sunne +receiued his brightnesse againe. In the meane time the aire being full +of clouds of diuerse colours, as red, yellow, green, and pale, holpe the +peoples sight with more ease to discerne the maner of it. + +The king this yeare held his Christmasse at Winchester, [Sidenote: An. +Reg. 25.] [Sidenote: _R. Houed._] at which time newes came abroad of a +great wonder that had chanced at a place called Oxenhale, within the +lordship of Derlington, [Sidenote: 1179.] in which place a part of the +earth lifted itselfe vp on high in appearance like to a mightie tower, +and so it remained from nine of the clocke in the morning, till the euen +tide, and then it fell downe with an horrible noise, so that as such as +were thereabout, were put in a great feare. [Sidenote: A strange wonder +of the earth.] That péece of earth with the fall was swallowed vp, +leauing a great déepe pit in the place, as was to be seene many yeares +after. + +¶ Touching these celestiall apparitions, the common doctrine of +philosophie is, that they be méere naturall, and therefore of no great +admiration. For of eclipses, as well such as are proper to the sunne, as +also those that are peculiar to the moone, the position is not so +generallie deliuered, as it is constantlie beléeued. For the +philosophers giue this reason of eclipses. + + [Sidenote: _M. Pal. in. Aquar._] + ---- radios Phœbi luna interiecta repellit, + Nec sinit in terras claram descendere lucem. + Quippe aliud non est quàm terræ atque æquoris vmbra, + Quæ si fortè ferit nocturnæ corpora lunæ, + Eclipsin facit. + +In somuch as obseruing them to be ordinarie accidents, they are +ouerpassed and nothing regarded. [Sidenote: _Luc. lib. 1._] Howbeit +Lucane maketh a great matter of eclipses, and of other strange sights +precéeding the bloudie battels betweene Pompeie and Cesar; intimating +hereby, that prodigious woonders, and other rare and vnaccustomed +accidents are significations of some notable euent insuing, either to +some great personage, to the common-wealth, or to the state of the +church. And therefore it is a matter woorth the marking, to compare +effects following with signes and woonders before going; since they haue +a doctrine in them of no small importance. For not manie yeares after, +the kings glorie was darkened on earth, nay his pompe and roiall state +tooke end; a prediction whereof might be imported by the extraordinarie +eclipse of the sunne, a beautifull creature, and the ornament of the +skie. + +Laurence archbishop of Dublin, and Catholicus the archbishop of Tuamon, +with fiue or six other Irish bishops, and diuerse both bishops and +abbats of Scotland, passed through England towards the generall +councell, and withall tooke their oth, that they shuld not procure any +damage to the king or realme of England. There went but onelie foure +bishops out of England, to wit, Hugh Putsey, or Pudsey bishop of Durham, +John bishop of Norwich, Reignold bishop of Bath, and Robert bishop of +Hereford, beside abbats: for the English bishops firmelie stood in it, +that there ought but foure bish. onelie to go foorth of England to any +generall councell called by the pope. [Sidenote: Richard de Lucie lord +chéefe iustice of England deceasseth.] This yeare Richard de Lucie lord +chéefe iustice of England gaue ouer his office, and became a canon in +the abbeie of Westwood or Lesnos, which he had founded, and built vpon +his owne ground, endowing it with great reuenewes, and in Julie after he +died there. + +[Sidenote: A parlement at Windsore.] King Henrie the father called a +parlement at Windsore, at the which was present king Henrie the sonne, +and a great number of lords, earles and barons. At this parlement, order +was taken for partition of the realme, so that it was diuided into foure +parts, certeine sage personages being allotted vnto euerie part to +gouerne the same, but not by the name of iustices, [Sidenote: Ranulfe de +Glanuille.] albeit that Ranulfe de Glanuille was made ruler of +Yorkeshire, & authorised iustice there, as he that best vnderstood in +those daies the ancient lawes and customes of the realme. [Sidenote: +Geffrey earle of Britaine son to king Henrie. Guidomer de Leons.] The +same yeare, Geffrey earle of Britaine by his fathers commandement leuied +an armie, and passing ouer into Britaine, wasted the lands of Guidomer +de Leons, and constreined him to submit himselfe vnto him. + +[Sidenote: The moone eclipsed.] The 18. day of August, the moone was +eclipsed, which was séene of king Henrie and his companie as he rode all +that night towards Douer there to méet the French king, [Sidenote: The +French K. commeth a madding to visit the archbishop Beckets toome.] who +was comming towards England to visit the toome of archbishop Thomas +Becket as he had before time vowed. He landed at Douer the 22. day of +August. There came ouer with him Henrie duke of Louaine, Philip earle of +Flanders, Baldwin earle of Guines, earle William de Mandeuille, and +diuerse other earles, lords, barons and knights; whome king Henrie was +readie to receiue at the water side, and the morow after brought them +with great honor to Canturburie, where they were with due reuerence and +vnspeakeable ioy receiued of archbishop Richard, and diuerse other +bishops there assembled togither with the couent of Christes-church, and +an infinit multitude of Nobles and gentlemen. [Sidenote: The French word +is Muis.] The French king offered vpon the toome of the said archbishop +Thomas, a rich cup of gold; and gaue to the moonks there an hundred tuns +of wine to be receiued yearelie of his gift for euer at Poissie in +France. Further he granted to the same moonks, that whatsoeuer was +bought in his dominions of France to their vse, should be free from +toll, tallage, and paieng any maner of excise for the same. These grants +he confirmed with his charter thereof, made & deliuered to them by the +hands of Hugh Putsey, son to the bishop of Duresme that was his +chancellor. [Sidenote: _Polydor._] King Lewes hauing performed his vow, +and receiued manie rich gifts of king Henrie, returned home into +France, and shortlie after causing his sonne to be crowned king, +resigned the gouernment to him (as by some writers appeareth.) +[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ Cadwallon prince of Wales.] About the same +time, Cadwallon prince of Wales, being brought before the king to make +his answer to diuerse accusations exhibited against him, as he returned +toward his countrie vnder the kings safe conduct, was laid for by his +enimies, and slaine, to the kings great slander, though he were not +giltie in the matter. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 26.] [Sidenote: _R. Houed._] +[Sidenote: 1180] After this, King Henrie the father held his Christmasse +at Notingham, and William king of Scotland with him. + +[Sidenote: Discord betwixt the French K. and his nobles.] The same yeare +fell discord betwixt the yoong king of France, and his mother and +vncles, hir brethren, earle Theobald and earle Stephan, who thinking +themselues not well vsed, procured king Henrie the sonne to ioine with +them in fréendship, and to go ouer into England to purchase his fathers +assistance in their behalfe against their nephue. Who being come ouer to +his father, informed him of the whole mater, and did so much by his +earnest suit therin, that before the feast of Easter, his father went +ouer with him into Normandie, and immediatlie vpon their arriuall in +those parts, the old French quéene, mother to the yoong king Philip, +with their brethren the said earles, and manie other Noble men of France +came vnto him, and concluding a league with him, deliuered hostages into +his hands, and re-ceiued an oth to follow his counsell and aduice in all +things. + +Herevpon king Henrie assembled a great armie, in purpose after Easter to +inuade the French kings dominions: but before any great exploit was +made, he came to an enteruew with the new king of France, betwixt Gisors +and Treodsunt, [Sidenote: _R. Houed._] where partlie by gentle words, +and partlie by threatnings which king Henrie vsed for persuasion, the +French king released all his indignation concerned against his mother +and vncles, and receiued them againe into his fauour, couenanting to +allow his mother for euerie day towards hir expenses seuen pounds of +Paris monie, during his father king Lewes his life time; and after his +death, she should enioy all hir dower, except the castels which king +Philip might reteine still in his hands. [Sidenote: The earle of +Flanders does homage to the king of England.] Also at this assemblie, +king Henrie the father in the presence of the French king, receiued +homage of Philip earle of Flanders, and granted to him for the same a +thousand markes of siluer, to be receiued yearelie out of the checker at +London, so that in consideration thereof he should find fiue hundred +knights or men of armes, to serue the king of England for the space of +40. daies, when soeuer he should haue warning giuen vnto him. + +Moreouer, the two kings at this assemblie concluded a league togither, +and whereas certeine lands were in controuersie betwixt them, as the fée +of Chateau Raoul, and other small fees, if they could not agree among +themselues concerning the same, either of them was contented to commit +the order thereof, and of all other controuersies betwixt them vnto six +bishops, to be chosen indifferentlie betwixt them, the one to choose +thrée, and the other thrée. + +[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ Tailbourg woone.] In this yeare, or (as the +annales of Aquitaine say) in the yeare last passed, Richard earle of +Poictou subdued the strong fortresse of Tailbourg, which was iudged +before that time, inexpugnable: but earle Richard oppressed them that +kept it so sore with streight siege, that first in a desperate mood they +issued foorth, and assailed his people verie valiantlie, but yet +neuerthelesse they were beaten backe, and forced to retire into their +fortresse, which finallie they surrendred into the hands of earle +Richard, who caused the wals thereof to be raced. The like fortune +chanced to diuers other castels and fortresses that stood in rebellion +against him within a moneth space. + +Tailbourg belonged vnto one Geffrey de Rancin, who of a proud and loftie +stomach practising rebellion against duke Richard, [Sidenote: _Matth. +Paris._] tooke this enterprise in hand, and when he had atchiued the +same to his owne contentation, he passed ouer into England, and was +receiued with great triumph, pompe & magnificence. + +[Sidenote: _W. Paruus._ The forme of the kings coine changed.] About the +same time, the forme of the kings coine was altered and changed, bicause +manie naughtie and wicked persons had deuised waies to counterfeit the +same, so that the alteration thereof was verie necessarie, but yet +gréeuous and chargeable to the poore inhabitants of the realme. + +[Sidenote: An. Reg. 27.] [Sidenote: _R. Houed._] [Sidenote: 1181.] King +Henrie the father, whilest he was at Mauns after Christmasse made this +ordinance, that euerie man being worth in goods to the value of an +hundred pounds Aniouin, should keepe one horsse able for seruice in the +wars, and complet armour for a knight or man of armes, as we may rather +call them. Also that such as had goods woorth in value from 40. pounds +to 25. of the same monie, should at the least haue in his house for his +furniture an habergeon, a cap of stéele, a speare, and a sword, or bowe +and arrowes. Furthermore he ordeined, that no man might sell or laie to +gage his armour and weapon, but should be bound to leaue it to his next +heire. When the French king and the earle of Flanders were aduertised +that king Henrie had made this ordinance amongst his subiects, they gaue +commandement that their people should be armed after the like manner. + +[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] This yeare after Candlemasse, Laurence +archbishop of Dublin came ouer to the king into Normandie and brought +with him the son of Roderike king of Conagh, to remaine with him as a +pledge, for performance of couenants passed betwixt them, as the paiment +of tribute and such like. The said archbishop died there in Normandie, +wherevpon the king sent Geffrey de Haie one of his chapleins, and +chapleine also to Alexius the popes legat into Ireland, to seize that +archbishops sée into his hands. He also sent John Lacie conestable of +Chester, and Richard de Peake, to haue the citie of Dublin in kéeping, +which Hugh Lacie had in charge before and now was discharged, bicause +the king tooke displeasure with him, for that without his licence he had +maried a daughter of the king of Conagh, according to the manner of that +countrie. + +This yeare also, Geffrey the kings bastard sonne, who was the elect of +Lincolne, and had receiued the profits of that bishoprike, by the space +of seuen years, and had his election confirmed by the pope in the feast +of the Epiphanie at Marlebridge, [Sidenote: _R. Houed._] in presence of +the king and bishops renounced that preferment, of his owne free will. +Within a while after the pope sent a streit commandement vnto Richard +archbishop of Canturburie, either to cause the same Geffrey by the +censure of the church to renounce his miter, or else to take vpon him +the order of préesthood. Wherefore vpon good aduice taken in the matter +with his father and other of his especiall fréends, iudging himselfe +insufficient for the one, he was contented to part with the other; and +therevpon wrote letters vnto the said archbishop of Canturburie, in +forme as followeth. + + A letter of Geffrey the kings base sonne elect of Lincolne to + Richard archbishop of Canturburie, + + Venerabili patri Richardo Dei gratia Cantuariensi archiepiscopo + apostolicæ sedis legato, Galfridus domini regis Angliæ filius & + cancellarius salutem & reuerentiam debitam ac deuotam. Placuit + maiestati apostolicæ vestræ iniungere sanctitati, vt me certo + temore vocaretis ad suscipendum ordinem sacerdotis, & + pontificalis officij dignitatem. Ego verò considerans quamplures + episcopos maturiores ac prouectiores prudentia & ætate vix tantæ + administrationi sufficere, nec sine periculo animarum suarum sui + officium pontificatus ad perfectum explere, veritus sum onus + importabile senioribus mihi imponere iuniori: faciens hæc nō ex + leuitate animi, sed ob reuerentiam sacramenti. Habito itaque + tractatu super eo cum domino rege patre meo, dominis fratribus + meisque rege & Pictauensi & Britannorum comitibus: episcopis + etiam Henrico Baiocensi, Frogerio Sagiensi, Reginaldo Batoniensi, + Sefrido Cicestrensi, qui præsentes aderant, aliter de vita & + statu meo disposui, volens patris mei obsequijs militare ad + tempus, & ab episcopalibus abstinere: omne it que ius electionis + inde & Lincolnensem episcopatum spontaneè, liberè, quieté, & + integrè, in manu vestra pater sancte resigno, tam electionem quàm + episcopatus absolutionem postulans à vobis, tanquam à + metropolitano meo, & ad hoc ab apostolica sede specialiter + delegate. Bene vale. + +The king for his maintenance, now after he had resigned his bishoprike, +gaue him 500. markes of yearelie rent in England, and as much in +Normandie, and made him moreouer lord chancellor. + +This yeare also after Easter, the kings of England and France came to an +enteruew togither, at a place in the confines of their countries called +by some writers Vadum Sancti Remigij, on a mondaie being the 17. of +April, in which assemblie of those two princes, the knights templers and +hospitallers presented to them letters directed from pope Alexander vnto +all christian princes, [Sidenote: The danger of the holie land.] +aduertising them of the danger wherein the holie land stood at that +present, if spéedie remedie were not the sooner prouided. Wherefore he +exhorted them to addresse their helping hand towards the releefe +thereof, granting vnto all such as would enterprise to go thither in +person (to remaine there vpon defense of the countrie against the +infidels) great pardon, as to those that did continue there the space of +two yéeres, pardon of penance for all their sins, except theft, +extortion, roberie, and vsurie; in which cases restitution was to be +made, if the partie were able to doo it; if not, then he should he +absolued as well for those things as for other. And those that remained +one yeare in those parties were pardoned of halfe their whole penance +due for all their sinnes. And to those that went to visit the holie +sepulchre, he also granted great pardon, as remission of their sinnes, +whether they came thither or peraduenture died by the waie. He also +granted his frée indulgence vnto those that went to warre against the +common, the professed and open enimies of our religion in the holie +land, as his predecessors the popes Vrbanus and Eugenius had granted in +time past: and he receiued likewise their wiues, their children, their +goods and possessions vnder the protection of S. Peter and the church of +Rome. + +The two kings hauing heard the popes letters read, and taken good aduice +thereof, promised by Gods fauour shortlie to provide conuenient aid for +reléefe of the holie land, and of the christians as yet remaining in the +same. This was the end of their communication for that time, and so they +departed, the French king into France, and the king of England into +Normandie. + +In the meane time, by the king of Englands appointment, William king of +Scotland went ouer into Normandie, and by the aduice and good admonition +of king Henrie, he granted licence vnto two bishops of his realme of +Scotland, to wit, Aberdene and saint Andrewes, to returne into Scotland, +whome he had latelie before banished, and driuen out of his realme. +Moreouer, as king Henrie laie at Harfléet readie to saile ouer into +England, discord fell betwixt the king of France and the erle of +Flanders, so that the king of England at desire of the French king +returned backe, and came vnto Gisors, where the French king met him, and +so did the earle of Flanders, betwixt whome vpon talke had in the matter +depending in controuersie, he made a concord, and then comming downe, to +Chirburge he and the king of Scots in his companie passed ouer into +England, landing at Portesmouth the 26. of Julie. + +The king now being returned into England, [Sidenote: An ordinance for +armour.] ordeined a statute for armour and weapon to be had amongst his +subiects heere in this realme, which was thus. Euerie man that held a +knights fée should be bound to haue a paire of curasses, an helmet, with +shield and speare; and euerie knight or man of arms should haue as manie +curasses, helmets, shields and speares as he held knights fées in +demaine. Euerie man of the laitie hauing goods or reuenues to the value +of sixteene marks, should have one paire of curasses, an helmet, a +speare, and a shield. And euerie free man of the laitie hauing goods in +value worth ten marks, should haue an habergeon, a steele cap, & a +speare; and all burgesses, and the whole communaltie of frée men should +haue a wambais, a cap of steele, and a speare. + +Further it was ordeined, that euerie man thus bound to haue armour, +should be sworne to haue the same before the feast of S. Hilarie, and to +be true vnto king Henrie Fitz-empres, in defense of whome and of his +realme they should kéepe with them such armour and weapon, according to +his precept and commandement thereof had and made. And no man being +furnished with such armour, should sell, pledge, or otherwise alien the +same, neither may his lord by any means take the same from him, either +by waie of forfeiture, by destresse or pledge, nor by any other means: +and when any man died, hauing such armour, he shall leaue it to his +heire, and if his heire be not of lawfull age to weare it into the +field, then he that hath the custodie of his bodie shall haue the +armour, and find an able man to weare it for him, till he come to age. + +If any burgesse of any good towne haue more armour than he ought to haue +by this statute, he shall sell it or giue it to some man that may weare +it in the kings seruice. [Sidenote: Jewes might haue no armour.] No Jew +might haue armour by this statute: but those that had anie, were +appointed to sell the same to such as were inhabitants within the +realme, for no man might sell or transport anie armour ouer the sea, +without the kings licence. For the better execution of which ordinance, +it was ordeined, that inquests should be taken by sufficient iurors, +what they were that were able to haue armour by their abilitie in lands +and goods. Also the K. would, that none should be sworne to haue armour, +except he were a frée man of birth and bloud. + +[Sidenote: _Matt Paris._] The same yeare, the king being at Waltham, +assigned an aid to the maintenance of the christian souldiers in the +holie land, that is to wit, 42. thousand marks of siluer, and fiue +hundred marks of gold. [Sidenote: The decesse of Hugh earle of Chester. +_Ran. Higd._] Hugh Bosun otherwise called Keuelocke the sonne of Ranulfe +the second of that name earle of Chester, died this yeare, and was +buried at Léeke. He left behind him issue by his wife, the countesse +Beatrice daughter of Richard Lacie lord iustice of England, a sonne +named Ranulfe, who succéeded him, being the first erle of Chester, & +third of that name after the conquest. Besides this Ranulfe he had foure +daughters by his said wife; to wit, Maud married to Dauid earle of +Angus, Huntington and Galloway; Mabell coupled with William Daubignie +earle of Arundell, Agnes married to William Ferrers earle of Derbie, and +Hauise ioined with Robert Quincie earle of Lincolne. + +[Sidenote: The archbish. of Yorke deceasseth.] The 21. of Nouember, +Roger archbishop of Yorke died, who (when he perceiued himselfe in +danger of death by force of that his last sicknesse) deliuered great +summes of monie vnto certeine bishops and other graue personages to be +distributed amongst poore people: but after his death, the king called +for the monie, and seized it to his vse, alleadging a sentence giuen by +the same archbishop in his life time, that no ecclesiasticall person +might giue any thing by will, except he deuised the same whilest he was +in perfect health: yet the bishop of Durham would not depart with foure +hundred marks which he had receiued to destribute amongst the poore, +alledging that he dealt the same awaie before the archbishops death, and +therefore he that would haue it againe, must go gather it vp of them to +whom he had distributed it, which he himselfe would in no wise doo. But +the king tooke no small displeasure with this vndiscréet answer, +insomuch that he seized the castell of Durham into his hands, and sought +means to disquiet the said bishop by diuerse maner of waies. + +[Sidenote: 1182.] The king held his Christmasse this yeare at +Winchester, [Sidenote: The K. passeth ouer into Normandie.] and +afterwards sailed ouer into Normandie, bicause he heard that the king +his sonne was gone to his brother in law king Philip, and began to +practise eftsoones new trouble, which was true indéed: [Sidenote: The K. +& his sonne eftsoones reconciled.] but yet at length he came backe, and +was reconciled to his father, and tooke an oth, that from thenceforth he +would neuer swarue from him, nor demand more for his maintenance but an +hundred pounds Aniouin by the daie, and ten pounds a day of the same +monie for his wife. His father granted this, and also couenanted, that +within the tearme of one yeare he would giue him the seruices of an +hundred knights. Neuerthelesse all this did little amend the matter, for +though he set a new copie of countenance therevpon, yet he reteined his +old peruerse purpose in his discontented mind, hauing learned that + Qui nescit fingere nescit regere. +After this, king Henrie the father as a mediator betwixt the king of +France, and the earle of Flanders touching controuersies betwixt them +did so much in the matter, that he set them at one for that time. + +[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] About the same season, king Henrie the father +sent William de Mandeuille earle of Albemarle, and other ambassadors +vnto the emperour Frederike, [Sidenote: The duke of Saxonie.] to intreat +for his sonne in law the duke of Saxonie, that he might be againe +restored into his fauor, which could not be obteined: for he was +alreadie condemned to exile, but yet thus much to pleasure the king of +England the emperour granted, that so manie as went with him out of +their countrie, might returne againe at their pleasure, and that his +wife the dutches Maud the K. of Englands daughter, should inioy hir +dowrie, and be at libertie, whether she would remaine vpon it, or follow +hir husband into exile, therefore when the daie came that he must depart +out of his countrie, he set forward with his wife and children, and a +great number of the Nobles of his countrie, and finallie came into +Normandie, where he was right ioifullie receiued of his father in law +king Henrie. + +Shortlie after his comming thither, he gaue licence to the Noble men +that were come thither with him, to returne home, and then he himselfe +went into Spaine to visit the bodie of S. James the apostle. [Sidenote: +The duchesse of Saxonie deliuered of a sonne. Ranulfe Poer slaine.] His +wife being great with child, remained with hir father in Normandie, and +at Argenton she was deliuered of a sonne. This yeare the Welshmen slue +Ranulfe Poer shirife of Glocestershire. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 29. 1183.] +King Henrie held his Christmasse at Caen, with his thrée sons, Henrie +the king, Richard earle of Poictow, and Geffrey earle of Britaine. There +was also Henrie duke of Saxonie, with his wife and their children, +besides the archbishops of Canturburie and Dublin, with other bishops +earles and barons in great number. + +Here would king Henrie the father, that his son the king should receiue +homage of his brethren Richard earle of Poictow, and Geffrey earle of +Britaine. The earle of Britaine did not staie at the matter, but the +earle of Poictow refused, alledging that it was not conuenient so long +as their father liued, to acknowledge any superioritie to their brother: +for as the fathers inheritance was due to the eldest sonne, so he +claimed the lands which he held due to him in right of his mother. +[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] This deniall so much offended his brother the +king, that afterwards when Richard would haue doone homage, he would not +receiue it, [Sidenote: _Polydor._] whervpon Richard departed from the +court in great displeasure, & comming into Poictow, began to fortifie +his castels & townes, that he might be in readinesse to stand vpon his +safegard, if his father or brethren should come to pursue him. King +Henrie the sonne followed him, set on by the earles and barons of +Poictow, which for the sharpe and cruell gouernement of earle Richard, +hated him mortallie. [Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] Againe on the other side, +the fauourable courtesie, séemelie personage, and other noble qualities +which they saw in the yoong king, [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ War betwixt +the brethren.] moued them to take part with him against Richard, and +shortlie after their brother Geffrey came with a great armie in aid of +his brother the king, in so much that earle Richard not knowing how to +shift off the present danger, sent to his father for aid, who being +verie sorie in his mind to sée such vnnaturall dealing among his sonnes, +gathered an armie and set forward. + +He had a little before trauelled to set them at one, in somuch that +where earle Richard held a castell named Clareualx, which after the +fathers deceasse ought to remaine vnto king Henrie the son, vpon his +complaint thereof made, the father did so much with the earle, that he +surrendered it into his fathers hands. [Sidenote: The father séeketh to +appease the quarell betwixt his sonnes.] Immediatlie after all the three +sonnes came to Angers, and there sware to be obedient vnto their fathers +will, and to serue him against all men: whervpon he appointed them a +daie to meet at Mirabell, where the barons of Guien should also be, vnto +whom king Henrie the sonne had sworne to aid them against earle Richard. +Herewith was earle Geffrey sent vnto them to persuade them to peace and +quietnesse, and to come vnto Mirabell according to king Henrie the +fathers appointment: [Sidenote: Earle Geffrey dealeth vnfaithfullie.] +but in stéed of persuading them to peace (contrarie to his oth so +oftentimes receiued) he procured them to pursue the warre both against +his father and his brother earle Richard: and no maruell, for + Malè sarta gratia nunquam benè coalescit. + +King Henrie the sonne remaining with his father, shewed outwardlie that +he wished for peace, but his meaning was all contrarie, and so obtained +licence of his father to go vnto Limoges, that he might labour to reduce +both his brother Geffrey, and the barons of Guien vnto quietnesse. But +such dissembling was put in practise by king Henrie, that when the +father followed with an armie, and came vnto Limoges, in stéed of +receiuing him with honor, as it had béene their duties to haue doone, +they shot at him, and pearsed through his vppermost armor, so that both +he and his sonne Richard were constreined to depart. Howbeit afterwards +he entered that citie, and comming foorth of it againe to talke with his +sonnes, those within Limoges eftsoones rebelled, so that certeine of +them within, shot the horsse whereon king Henrie the father rode into +the head. And if it had so chanced, that the horsse in casting vp his +head had not receiued the blow, the arrow had light in the kings brest, +to the great danger & perill of his person. Neither did his sonnes the +king and his brother Geffrey go about to sée such an heinous attempt +punished, but rather séemed to like well of it, and to mainteine those +most malicious enimies of their souereigne lord and father, for they +ioined with them against him, although king Henrie the sonne made +countenance to be willing to reconcile his brother and the barons of +Guien to his father by waie of some agréement: [Sidenote: The disloiall +dissembling of the yoong king.] but his double dealing was too manifest, +although indeed he abused his fathers patience for a while, who was +desirous of nothing more than to win his sonnes by some courteous +meanes, and therefore diuerse times offered to pardon all offenses +committed by his enimies, at the suit of his sonne the king, who in déed +offered himselfe now and then as an intreatour, but that was onelie to +win time that his brother with such Brabanders and other souldiers as he +had with him in aid, beside the forces of the barons of Guien, might +worke the more mischéefe against their father and their brother earle +Richard, in wasting and destroieng their countries that stood stedfast +on their side. + +In the meane time Richard the archbishop of Canturburie, and diuerse +other bishops and abbats both of England and Normandie assembled +togither at Caen, and in the abbeie church of S. Stephan pronounced the +sentence of excommunication against all those that did hinder and +impeach their purpose, which was to haue peace and concord concluded +betwixt the king and his sonnes, the same sonnes onlie out of the said +sentence excepted. + +Diuerse shiftes were made by king Henrie the sonne, and his brother +earle Geffrey also to get monie for the paiment of their souldiers, as +spoiling of shrines, and such like. But at length when things framed not +to their purpose, and that the harme which they could doo against their +father was much lesse than they wished, if power had béene answerable to +their willes, [Sidenote: King Henrie the sonne falleth sicke.] king +Henrie the sonne through indignation and displeasure (as some write) +fell into a gréeuous sicknesse in a village called Mertell, not farre +from Limoges, where his father laie at siege. + +At the first he was taken with an extreame feuer, and after followed a +sore flixe. Now perceiuing himselfe in danger of death, and that the +physicians had giuen him ouer, [Sidenote: He sendeth to his father.] he +sent to his father (better late than neuer) confessing his trespasse +committed against him, and required of all fatherlie loue to come & sée +him once before he died. But for that the father thought not good to +commit himselfe into the hands of such vngratious persons as were about +his sonne, he sent his ring vnto him in token of his blessing, and as it +were a pledge to signifie that he had forgiuen him his vnnaturall doings +against him. The son receiuing it with great humilitie, kissed it, and +so ended his life in the presence of the archbishop of Burdeaux and +others, on the day of saint Barnabie the apostle. He died (as some +write) verie penitent and sorowfull. + +[Sidenote: His repentance before his death.] And whereas in his life +time he had vowed to make a iourneie into the holie land against Gods +enimies, and taken vpon him the crosse for that intent, he deliuered it +vnto his familiar freend William Marshall to go thither with it in his +stead. Moreouer when he perceiued present death at hand, he first +confessed his sinnes secretlie, and after openly before sundrie bishops +and men of religion, and receiued absolution in most humble wise. +[Sidenote: A strange kind of superstitious deuotion, if this report of +our author be true.] After this, he caused his fine clothes to be taken +from him, and therewith a heare cloth to be put vpon him, and after +tieng a cord about his necke, he said vnto the bishops and other that +stood by him; "I deliuer my selfe an vnworthie and greeuous sinner vnto +you the ministers of God by this cord, beséeching our Lord Jesus Christ, +which pardoned the théefe confessing his faults on the crosse, that +through your praiers and for his great mercies sake it may please him to +be mercifull vnto my soule;" wherevnto they all answered, "Amen." +[Sidenote: He is drawne out of his bed, a thing vnlike to be true.] Then +he said vnto them, "Draw me out of this bed with this cord, and laie me +on that bed strawed with ashes" (which he had of purpose prepared) and +as he commanded so they did: and they laid at his feet and at his head +two great square stones. Thus being prepared to die, he willed his bodie +after his deceasse to be conueied into Normandie, and buried at Rouen. +[Sidenote: His death.] And so after he had receiued the sacrament of the +bodie and bloud of our Lord, he departed this life as afore is said, +about the 28. yeare of his age. + +[Sidenote: _N. Triuet._] His bodie after his death was conueied towards +Rouen, there to be buried accordinglie as he had willed: but when those +that had charge to conueie it thither were come vnto the citie of Mauns, +the bishop there and the cleargie would not suffer them to go any +further with it, but committed it to buriall in honourable wise within +the church of saint Julian. Whereof when the citizens of Rouen were +aduertised, they were sore offended with that dooing, and streightwaies +sent vnto them of Mauns, requiring to haue the corps deliuered, +threatening otherwise with manie earnest oths to fetch it from them by +force. Wherefore king Henrie, to set order in this matter, commanded +that the corps of his sonne the king should be deliuered vnto them of +Rouen to be buried in their citie, as he himselfe had willed before his +death. [Sidenote: The bodie of the yong king lastlie buried at Rouen.] +And so it was taken vp and conueied to Rouen, where it was eftsoones +buried in the church of our ladie. + +¶ Thus ended this yoong king in his floorishing youth, to whome through +his owne iust deserts long life was iustlie denied, sith he delighted to +begin his gouernement with vnlawfull attempts, as an other Absolon +against his owne naturall father, seeking by wrongfull violence to pull +the scepter out of his hand. He is not put in the number of kings, +bicause he remained for the more part vnder the gouernance of his +father, so that he rather bare the name of king as appointed to reigne, +than that he may be said to haue reigned in déed. So that héere by the +waie a notable obseruation dooth occurre and offer it selfe to be noted +of vs; namelie, that euen princes children, though borne to great +excellencie, and in high degree of dignitie, are to consider with +themselues, that notwithstanding their statelie titles of souereigntie, +they haue a dutie to discharge vnto their parents, which if it be +neglected, and that in place thereof disobedience is substituted, God +himselfe (when politike lawes prouide not to punish such offenses) will +take the cause in hand, & will powre vengeance vpon such vngratious +children. For he will be true of his word both in blessing and curssing, +in blessing the dutifull child with long life and happie daies, and in +curssing the obstinate and froward with short life and vnfortunate +daies, according to the tenure of his law. If this man had liued in the +old Romans time, when aged persons were so reuerenced and honoured (much +more parents) he had beene cut off in the prime of his disobedience, and +present death had beene inflicted vpon him as a due and deserued reward; +which Iuuenal noteth excellentlie well in these words, + [Sidenote: Iuuen. sat 13.] + Credebant hoc grande nefas, & morte piandum, + Si iuuenis vetulo non assurrexerat, & si + Barbato cuicunq; puer, licèt ipse videret + Plura domi farra, & maioris glandis aceruos, + Tam venerabile erat præcedere quattuor annis, + Primáq; par adeò sacræ lanugo senectæ. + +[Sidenote: Limoges rendred to king Henrie.] King Henrie (after his sonne +the king was thus dead) inforced his power more earnestlie than before +to winne the citie and castell of Limoges which he had besieged, and at +length had them both surrendered into his hands, with all other castels +and places of strength kept by his enimies in those parts, of the which +some he furnished with garisons, and some he caused to be laied flat +with the ground. + +There rose about the same time occasion of strife and variance betwixt +King Henrie and the French king, about the enioieng of the countrie +lieng vpon Gisors, [Sidenote: Veulquesine.] called Veulquesine, on this +side the riuer of Hept, which was giuen vnto king Henrie the sonne, in +consideration of the marriage betwixt him and queene Margaret the French +kings sister. For the French king now after the death of his brother in +law king Henrie the sonne, required to haue the same restored vnto the +crowne of France: but king Henrie was not willing to part with it. +[Sidenote: The kings of England and France talke togither.] At length +they met betwixt Trie and Gisors to talke of the matter, where they +agréed that quéene Margaret the widow of the late deceased king Henrie +the son, should receiue yearelie[12] during hir life 1750 pounds of +Aniouin monie at Paris, of king Henrie the father and his heires; in +consideration whereof she should release and quit claime all hir right +to those lands that were demanded, as Veulquesine and others. Shortlie +after, Geffrey erle of Britaine came to his father, and submitting +himselfe, was reconciled to him, and also to his brother Richard earle +of Poictow. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 30.] Also I find that king Henrie at an +enteruiew had betwixt him and the French king at their accustomed place +of meeting betwixt Trie and Gisors on saint Nicholas day, did his homage +to the same French king for the lands which he held of him on that side +the sea, which to doo till then he had refused. The same yeare king +Henrie held his Christmas at the citie of Mauns. + +[Sidenote: 1184.] When the king had set the French king and the earle of +Flanders at agréement for the controuersie that chanced betwixt them +about the lands of Vermendois, he passed through the earle of Flanders +countrie, and comming to Wisand, tooke ship and sailed ouer into +England, landing at Douer the tenth day of June, with his daughter the +dutches of Saxonie, [Sidenote: The duchesse of Saxonie deliuered of a +sonne.] who was afterwards deliuered of a sonne at Winchester, and hir +husband the duke of Saxonie came also this yeare into England, and was +ioifullie receiued and honourable interteined of the king his father in +law. + +[Sidenote: The archbish. of Colen.] And whereas the archbishop of Colen +came ouer into England this yeare to visit the toome of Thomas late +archbishop of Canturburie, the king trauelled to make an agréement +betwixt him and the Saxonish duke touching a certeine variance depending +betwixt them, wherin the king did so much, that the archbishop forgaue +all iniuries past, and so they were made fréends. [Sidenote: Hugh +Nouant.] Also by the counsell of the same archbishop the king sent Hugh +Nouant archdeacon of Liseux and others, ambassadours from him vnto pope +Lucius, that by his helpe there might be made some waie to obteine a +pardon for the said duke, and licence for him to returne into his +countrie. Those that were sent demeaned themselues so discréetly in +dooing their message, that the emperour comming where the pope then was, +that is to say, at Verona in Italie, at the earnest suit of the said +pope was contented to release all his euill will which he bare towards +the duke, [Sidenote: The duke of Saxonie pardoned and reuoked out of +exile.] pardoned him for all things past, and licenced him now at length +to returne home into his countrie, his condemnation of exile being +cléerlie reuoked. + +[Sidenote: Death of Noble men.] There died this yeare sundrie honorable +personages, as Simon earle of Huntington son to Simon earle of +Northampton, after whose decease the king gaue his earledome vnto his +brother Dauid, or (as Radulfus de Diceto saith) bicause the said Simon +died without issue, the king gaue the earledome of Huntington vnto +William king of Scots sonne to earle Henrie that was sonne to king +Dauid. Also the earle of Warwike died this yeare, and Thomas Fitz +Bernard lord chéefe iustice of the forests, which roome Alaine de Neuill +had inioied before him. Now after the death of this Thomas Fitz +Bernard, [Sidenote: The gouernement of the forests diuided.] the king +diuided his forests into sundrie quarters, and to euerie quarter he +appointed foure iustices, two of the spiritualtie, and two knights of +the temporaltie, beside two generall wardens that were of his owne +seruants, to be as surueiers aboue all other foresters of vert and +venison, whose office was to sée that no disorder nor spoile were +committed within any grounds of warren contrarie to the assises of +forests. Diuerse prelates died this yeare also, as foure bishops, to +wit, Gerald surnamed la Pucelle bishop of Chester, Walran bishop of +Rochester, Joceline of Salisburie, and Bartholomew of Excester. + +Besides these, diuerse abbats, & on the 16. of Februarie died Richard +archbishop of Canturburie in the 11. yeare after his first entring into +the gouernment of that sée. His bodie was buried at Canturburie. He was +noted to be a man of euill life, and wasted the goods of that church +inordinatlie. It was reported that before his death there appeared to +him a vision, which said; "Thou hast wasted the goods of the church, and +I shall root thée out of the earth." Wherevpon he tooke such a feare, +that he died within eight daies after. Then Baldwin who before was +bishop of Worcester succéeded him, he was the 40. archbishop that had +ruled the church of Canturburie. The king and bishops procured his +election not without much adoo: for the moonks pretending a right +thereto, were sore against it. It is reported of him, that after he was +made a white moonke, he neuer eat flesh to his liues end. On a time an +old woman met him, and asked him if it were true that he neuer eat any +maner of flesh; "It is true said he." "It is false quoth she, for I had +but one cow to find me with, and thy seruants haue taken hir from me." +Wherevnto he answered, "that if it so were, she should haue as good a +cow restored to hir by Gods grace, as hir owne was." The same time also +Margaret the wife of the late deceased king Henrie the son, returned +into France to hir brother king Philip, and was after ioined in marriage +with Bela king of Hungarie. + +But after long digression to returne againe to our purpose. The king +being aduertised of the destruction and spoile which the Welshmen dailie +did practise against his subiects, both in their persons and substance, +assembled a mightie armie, and came with the same vnto Worcester, +meaning to inuade the enimies countries. But Rées ap Griffin fearing his +puissance thus bent against him and other the leaders of the Welshmen, +came by safeconduct vnto Worcester, and there submitting himselfe, sware +fealtie to the king, and became his liegeman, promising to bring his +sonne and nephues vnto him as pledges. But when (according to his +promise) he would haue brought them, they refused to go with him, and so +the matter rested for a time. + +After this, king Henrie held his Christmasse at Windsore, [Sidenote: +Heraclius patriarch of Jerusalem.] and the same yeare Heraclius the +patriarch of Jerusalem, and Roger master of the house of S. Johns of +Jerusalem came into England, to make suit vnto king Henrie for aid +against the Saracens that dailie wan from the christians, townes and +holds in the holie land, taking and killing the people most miserablie, +as in the description of the holie land may more plainelie appeare, +where the dooings of Saladine the Saracen are touched. The patriarch +made earnest request vnto the king, proffering him the keies of the +citie of Jerusalem, and of the holie sepulchre (with the letters of +Lucius the third then pope of Rome) charging him to take vpon him the +iournie, and to haue mind of the oth which before time he had made. + +[Sidenote: A councell at Clerkenwell.] The king deferred his answer for +a time, and calling a councell of his lords togither at Clerkenwell, on +the 15. of Aprill, asked their aduice in this matter: who declared to +him, that as they tooke it, he might not well depart so far out of his +realme and other dominions, leauing the same as a prey to his enimies. +And whereas it was thought by some, that he might appoint one of his +sonnes to take vpon that iournie, yet bicause they were not as then +within the realme, it was iudged that in their absence there was no why +it should be so decréed. + +[Sidenote: Baldwin archbishop of Canturburie exhorteth men to go to +warre against the Saracens.] Howbeit in the meane time vpon licence +granted by the king, that so manie might go as would, Baldwin the +archbishop of Canturburie preached, and exhorted men to take vpon him +the crosse so effectuallie, that a great number receiuing it, fullie +purposed to go on in that iournie. At length the king gaue answer to the +patriarch, excusing himselfe in that he could go, for he declared that +he might not leaue his land without keeping, being in danger to remaine +as a prey to the robberie and spoile of the French men: [Sidenote: Fiue +thousand marks saith _Geru. Dor._ _Ran. Higd._] but he offered to giue +large summes of gold and siluer to such as would take vpon them that +voiage. With this answer the cardinall was nothing pleased, and +therefore said: "We séeke a man and not monie: euerie christian region +well neere sendeth vs monie, but no countrie sendeth vs a prince; and +therfore we require a prince that néedeth monie, and not monie that +needeth a prince." But the king still alledged matter for his excuse, so +that the patriarch departed from him comfortlesse, and greatlie +discontented in his mind: whereof the king hauing knowledge, and +intending somewhat to recomfort him with sweet and pleasant words, +followed him to the sea side. But the more the king thought to satisfie +the patriarch with words, the more wroth and discontented he shewed +himselfe to be; [Sidenote: The words of the patriarch to the king.] in +so much that at the last he said vnto him, "Hitherto hast thou reigned +gloriouslie, but hereafter shall thou be forsaken of him, whom thou at +this time forsakest. Consider of him, and remember what he hath giuen +thée, and what thou hast yéelded to him againe, how first thou wast +false to the king of France, and after sluedst archbishop Becket, and +now lastlie thou forsakest the protection of Christes faith." + +The king was stirred with these words, and said vnto the patriarch, +"Though all the men of the land were one bodie, and spake with one +mouth, they durst not vtter such words against me." "No woonder (said +the patriarch) for they loue thine and not thée; that is to say, they +loue thy temporall goods, and stand in feare of thée for losse of +promotion, but thy soule they loue not." And when he had so said, he +offered his head to the king; saieng, "Doo by me euen as thou diddest by +archbishop Becket, for all is one to me, either to be slaine heere in +Europe of a wicked christian, or in the holie land by a Saracen, for +thou art woorse than a Saracen, and thy people follow the prey and +spoile and not a man." The king kept his patience, and said, "I may not +go out of my land, for if I should, mine owne sonnes would rise and +rebell against me." "No maruell (said the patriarch) for of the diuell +they came, and to the diuell they shall." And thus he departed from the +king in great displeasure. [Sidenote: Rash iudgement in an holie +father.] ¶ Thus haue some written: but by others it appeareth that the +patriarch remained here till the king went ouer into Normandie himselfe, +in companie of whom the patriarch went also (as after shall appear.) + +[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ John the kings sonne made king of Ireland. _Ger. +Dor._] This yeare the last of March, king Henrie made his sonne John +knight, and shortlie after sent him ouer into Ireland, of which countrie +he had made him king. At his comming into Ireland, he was honourablie +receiued of the archbishop of Diueline, and other noble men that had +béene sent thither before him. The king allowed him great abundance of +treasure, but he hauing learned that + Non minor est virtus quàm quærere parta tueri, +keeping it in his coffers (as one now come into a strange place, and not +knowing what he shuld want) would not depart with it so fréelie amongst +his souldiers and men of warre as they looked for: by reason whereof +their seruice was such, that in diuerse conflicts he lost manie of his +men, and at length was driuen through want of conuenient aid, to returne +againe into England, hauing appointed his capteins and souldiers to +remaine in places most expedient for the defense of that countrie. ¶ But +héereof yée may read more at large in the historie of Ireland. + +[Sidenote: An earthquake.] On the mondaie in the wéeke before Easter, +chanced a sore earthquake thorough all the parts of this land, such a +one as the like had not beene heard of in England sithens the beginning +of the world. For stones that laie couched fast in the earth, were +remooued out of their places, stone houses were ouerthrowne, and the +great church of Lincolne was rent from the top downwards. + +[Sidenote: The king and the patriarch passe ouer into France.] The day +next after this terrible woonder, the king and the patriarch with the +bishop of Durham and a great sort of other Noble men of this realme, +passed the seas from Douer to Wissand, and so rode foorth towards +Normandie, where immediatlie vpon his comming thither he raised a power, +[Sidenote: The kings message to his sonne earle Richard.] and sent word +to his sonne Richard earle of Poictou (which had fortified the townes +and castels of Poictou against him, and taken his brother Geffrey +prisoner) that except he deliuered vp into his mothers hands the whole +countrie of Poictou, he would surelie come to chastise him with an iron +rod, and bring him vnder obedience smallie to his ease. [Sidenote: Erle +Richard obeieth his father.] Vpon this message earle Richard being +somewhat better aduised, obeied his fathers commandements in all points, +rendring vp into his mothers hands the earldome of Poictou, and comming +to his father as an obedient sonne, shewed himselfe readie to serue him +at commandement with a glad and willing mind. Soone after this, and +about the seauenth houre of the day, [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ Particular +and not generall, saieth _Ger. Dor._] the sunne suffered a generall +eclipse, so that no part of it appeared, and therewith followed great +thunder with lightning and sore tempest, with the violence whereof both +men and beasts were destroied, and manie houses burned. + +Shortlie after this the kings of England and France met and communed +togither for the aiding of them in the holie land, and they promised +indéed to send thither both men and monie: but the patriarch made small +account thereof, for he was much deceiued of that which he hoped to haue +brought to passe, which was, either to haue got the king of England, or +one of his sonnes, or some other man of great authoritie with him into +the holie land: but bicause that would not be, he departed from the +court verie sorrowfull and sore displeased, so that it may be thought, +that then (and not before his departure out of England) he spake his +mind so plainlie vnto the king (as before yee haue heard.) + +[Sidenote: An. Reg. 32.] Moreouer, about this time king Henrie obteined +of pope Vrbane the third, that he might crowne which of his sonnes it +should please him king of Ireland, in token of which grant and +confirmation, the said pope sent vnto him a crowne of peacocks feathers, +after a feat maner wouen in with gold. + +[Sidenote: 1186.] This yeare the king held his Christmasse at Danfrount, +and shortlie after came to a communication with the French king, at the +which he tooke a solemne oth that he would deliuer the ladie Alice the +French kings sister (whome he had as yet in his custodie) vnto his sonne +Richard erle of Poictou in mariage. For the which mariage to be had and +solemnized, the French king granted to deliuer vnto the said Richard the +towne of Gisors, with all that which his father king Lewes promised vnto +king Henrie the sonne (latelie deceassed) in marriage with quéene +Margaret the wife of the same Henrie, receiuing an oth thereto, neuer to +make anie claime or chalenge to the same towne and lands. + +[Sidenote: King Henrie returneth into England. _Ger. Dor._ Hugh prior of +Witham made bishop of Lincolne.] King Henrie (after he had thus +concluded and finished his affaires with the French king) returned backe +into England in Maie, and then was Hugh prior of Witham instituted +bishop of Lincolne after that the see there had béene void and without +any lawfull gouernour almost the space of seauenteene yeares. This Hugh +was reputed a verie godlie and vertuous man. Before him Walter Constance +was nominated to that sée, but bicause he was made archbishop of Rouen +before he was inuested in the church of Lincolne, he is not accounted in +number of the bishops of Lincolne. + +Moreouer king Henrie shortlie after his returne at this time into +England, assembled a great armie, and went with the same to Caerleill, +in purpose to haue entred Galloway, and there to haue chastised Rouland +lord of that countrie, who was sonne to Uthred the sonne of Fergus, for +the iniuries doone to his coosine germains, namelie to Duncane sonne to +Gilbert, who was sonne to the same Fergus, in spoiling him and the +residue (after the deceasse of the said Gilbert) of their parts of +inheritance, vsurping the whole to himselfe. But as the king was now +readie to inuade his countrie, Rouland came to him, and vsed such +meanes vnder pretense of satisfaction, that he made his peace with the +king, who therevpon brought backe his armie, and did no more at that +time. + +[Sidenote: Hugh Lacie slaine.] About the same time came newes to the +king, that Hugh Lacie was slaine in Ireland by an Irish gentleman that +was his confederate (or rather by a labourer, as in the Irish historie +you may read) whereof the king was nothing sorie, bicause the same Hugh +was growne to so high degrée of puissance in that countrie, that he +refused to obeie the kings commandement when he sent for him. + +¶ It is to be noted, that when king Henrie had conquered the most part +of Ireland, and set the countrie in some good order, and after his +comming from thence, such capteines as he left there behind him, were +not idle, but still did what they could to inlarge the confines which +were committed to their gouernance: [Sidenote: Hugh Lacies diligence to +inlarge his possessions in Ireland.] but amongst them all this Hugh +Lacie was the chéefest, in somuch that after the death of Richard earle +of Striguile, the king made him gouernour of the countrie in place of +the said earle, by reason whereof he so inlarged his possessions, that +within a while he became dreadfull, not onelie to the enimies, but also +to his associats, as to such English capteins as were abiding in Ireland +vpon gard of the English frontiers. For if any of them disobeied his +commandement, he would not sticke to chastise them at his pleasure, so +that by such meanes he seemed rather to conquer the countrie to his owne +vse, than to the kings. Wherein he dealt not so directlie or discréetlie +as he might; for, + Homines volunt allici non impelli. + +He had also ioined himselfe in mariage with a daughter of the king of +Unlester, not making king Henrie priuie to the same. Wherevpon the king +hauing sundrie informations presented to him of such his presumptuous +demeanour, commanded him by his letters to returne home, and come before +his presence, which to doo (as before I haue said) he refused, by reason +whereof he confirmed the suspicion which was conceiued of him, to rise +vpon no vaine coniectures, [Sidenote: King Henrie not sorie for the +death of Lacie.] and therefore the euill that came to him was nothing +lamented of king Henrie, who with good cause was highlie offended +towards him for the contempts and considerations aforesaid. + +[Sidenote: The death of Geffrey the kings sonne.] This yeare Geffrey the +kings son who was earle of Britaine died at Paris, and was buried in the +same citie, leauing behind him (besides two daughters) one onlie sonne +as then in his mothers wombe, of whom she was deliuered in the night of +the feast of Easter next insuing hir husband's death: he was named +Arthur, and succeeded his father in the earledome of Britaine. His +fathers death was occasioned (as men iudge) by a fall which he caught at +a iournie, for he was sore bruised therewith, and neuer had his health, +but finallie fell into a flix and so died. + +About this season pope Vrbane wrote vnto Baldwin archbishop of +Canturburie, granting him licence to build a church at Alkinton, in +honour of S. Stephan and Thomas Becket now reputed a martyr, and that +the fourth part of the offerings which came to the box of Thomas the +martyr should be assigned to the vse of the moonks, & an other fourth +part to the buildings of that church, and an other fourth part to be +giuen to the poore, and the other fourth part remaining he might reserue +to himselfe to bestow at his pleasure. But within a while after, at the +suit and supplication of the prior and couent of Canturburie (who liked +nothing of the former partition) the pope sent letters of prohibition to +the said archbishop, that he should ceasse from building of the fore +mentioned church, bicause the building thereof would be preiudiciall to +the church of Canturburie. + +[Sidenote: The ladie Ermengard the vicount Beaumonts daughter, maried to +William king of Scots.] About the same time also king Henrie gaue his +coosen the ladie Ermengard (who was daughter to Richard Vicount +Beaumont) in marriage vnto Willam king of Scotland, causing the +archbishop of Canturburie to ioine them togither in the bond of +matrimonie within the chappell at Woodstocke, where he kept great cheere +in honour of that marriage for the space of foure daies togither. +[Sidenote: Castell of Edenbourgh.] And further he gaue at the same time +vnto the king of Scots the castell of Edenbourgh: and the king of Scots +streitwaies gaue it vnto his wife the forsaid Ermingard, as a portion of +hir dower, augmented with an hundred pounds of lands by the yeare, and +40. knights fées. + +The French king required to haue the custodie of the infant Arthur, +heire to Geffrey earle of Britaine: but king Henrie would in no wise +grant thereto. [Sidenote: Ambassadours sent to the French king.] +Wherefore he sent Walter archbishop of Rouen, William de Mandeuille +earle of Albemarle, and Ranulfe de Glandeuille lord cheefe iustice of +England to the French court, to talke with king Philip about that +matter, so that king Philip hauing heard them, was contented to staie +from attempting force till the feast of S. Hilarie. [Sidenote: Sir +William de Walles.] But in the meane time it chanced, that one sir +Richard de Walles a knight of the realme of France went about to +fortifie a castell in a village that belonged to him called Walles, +situated betwixt Trie & Gisors. Wherevpon Henrie Vere (constable of +Gisors vnder William earle of Albemarle) was nothing content therwith, +and therefore got a companie togither, & went foorth to disturbe the +worke. Vpon this occasion the seruants of the said sir Richard de Walles +came foorth, and encountred with him in the field, in somuch that Rafe +the sonne of sir Richard de Walles was slaine, and the residue that were +with him fled, many of them being sore beaten and wounded. + +[Sidenote: The king of Englands subiects arested in Frāce.] When the +French king was informed hereof, he caused all the kings of England his +subiects, that could be found within his countries and dominion of +France to be apprehended, and their goods seized. [Sidenote: The French +subiects arested in Normandie.] The stewards, bailifes, & officers then +of king Henrie, did the like by the French kings subiects that chanced +to be at that present within the king of Englands countries, on that +further side of the sea. But within a little while after, the French +king set the English subiects at libertie, and so likewise did the K. of +Englands officers release the French subiects. + +[Sidenote: An. Reg. 33. 1187.] At this time king Henrie held his +Christmasse at Gilford, [Sidenote: Octauianus a cardinall.] and shortlie +after came one Octauianus a subdeacon cardinall, and Hugh de Nouant from +the court of Rome, sent as legats from pope Vrbane into Ireland, that +they might crowne earle John the kings sonne king of that land. +[Sidenote: King Henrie passeth ouer into Normandie.] But king Henrie +made a delaie therein, taking the legats with him into Normandie, +whither he sailed at the same time, and landing at Wissand, he went from +thence into Normandie, and shortlie after came to a communication with +the French king, at a place called Vadum Sancti Remigij where after much +talke they could not agrée, [Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] by reason the French +king demanded things vnreasonable, and so they departed without any +thing concluded [sauing a truce] till after Whitsuntide. + +[Sidenote: Jerusalem taken.] About the same time, the citie of Jerusalem +was taken by Saladine the chéefe prince of the Saracens. Wherevpon much +conference was had among the christian princes for the succoring of +those christians, which as yet held and defended other péeces in the +holie land, so that by publishing of the popes buls, manie tooke on them +the crosse: and amongst other Richard the sonne of king Henrie (without +anie licence obteined of his father) receiued the same, vowing to go +thither out of hand, and to fight against Gods enimies to the vttermost +of his power. + +In the meane time the grudge still increased betwixt king Henrie and +Philip the French king, partlie for one cause, and partlie for an other, +[Sidenote: Out of the annales of France written by Nicoll Gallis.] +but speciallie one cheefe occasion was for that earle Richard deferred +the dooings of his homage vnto king Philip for the dutchie of Poictou, +which by his fathers appointment he now inioied and held. The French +king to preuent his enimies, immediatlie vpon the expiring of the truce +raised a power, and entring into the dominions belonging to king Henrie, +wasted the countrie till he came vnto Chateu Raoul: about which castell +also he foorthwith planted his siege. + +When king Henrie was aduertised hereof, he raised his power also, and +togither with his sonne earle Richard came with all spéed to succour his +people, and to saue his castell from the hands of his enimies. Now when +he approched néere vnto the place, he pitcht downe his tents ouer +against the one side of the French campe, and earle Richard on the +other, so that they were readie to assaile the French king on both sides +at once, but before they came to ioine battell, [Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] +by the mediation of a cardinall (as some write) or (as other saie) +through meanes made by the earle of Flanders, the matter was taken vp. +For earle Richard through persuasion of the said earle of Flanders came +to the French king, and agréed with him, before that his father king +Henrie was resolued of any such matter for his part, so that he was now +in a maruellous perplexitie, & almost to séeke what was best to doo, as +a man fearing his owne suertie, by reason of mistrust which he had in +his sonne Richard; but yet at the length through humble suit made by his +said sonne vnto the French king, [Sidenote: A truce granted.] a truce +was granted by the space of two yeares. + +Earle Richard, after the matter was thus taken vp, went into France with +the French king, of whom he was so honoured whilest he was there, that +they kept one table at dinner and supper in the daie time, and was (as +was said) one bed serued them both to sléepe on in the night. + +In the meane time king Henrie hearing of all this, fell into great +suspicion whereto this great familiaritie betwixt the French king and +his sonne would tend, and doubting the likeliest, sent for him to +returne vnto him. [Sidenote: Erle Richard giueth his father faire +words.] But earle Richard perceiuing his father to mistrust his +loialtie, gaue faire words, and promised to returne with all conuenient +spéed. Howbeit he ment an other matter, and so departing from the French +court, came to Chinon, [Sidenote: He seizeth vpon his fathers treasure.] +where he got into his hands a great portion of his fathers treasure that +was kept there, against the will of him that had the custodie of it, and +taking it thus awaie with him, he began to fortifie his castels and +townes within his countrie of Poictou, and clearlie refused to come +backe to his father for a time, although at length forsaking the +counsell of naughtie men, he turned home vnto him, and humblie submitted +himselfe, in such wise as to his dutie apperteined. And for the more +assurance therof, he renewed his fealtie, in receiuing an oth vpon the +holie euangelists. Which doone, king Henrie went into Britaine with an +armie, and woone the castell of Mountreleis by siege, which one Henrie +de Lions, and one Guinemer his brother had gotten into their hands, +after the deceasse of Geffrey earle of Britaine. + +This yeare the twentie of October, the citie of Chichester was almost +wholie consumed to ashes by mischance of fire. The head church with the +bishops palace, and the houses of the canons were burnt euen downe to +the ground. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 34. 1188.] After this king Henrie held +his Christmasse at Caen, from whence he went to Harfleet, [Sidenote: +King Henrie returneth into England.] and there taking the sea passed +ouer into England. The French king hearing by and by of his departure, +assembled a great armie, and threatned to destroie the countrie of +Normandie, and other lands on that side the sea, except king Henrie +would deliuer into his hands the towne of Gisors, with the +appurtenances, or cause his sonne Richard earle of Poictou to take to +wife his sister Alice, according to his promise. + +[Sidenote: King Henrie passeth againe into Normandie.] When king Henrie +was aduertised hereof, he turned with all speed into Normandie, that he +might prouide for timelie resistance, if the French king came forward to +inuade his dominions. [Sidenote: _Polydor._ Heauie newes from the east +parts.] About the selfe same time came newes out of the holie land, that +Saladine after the winning of Jerusalem, pursued his victorie with such +successe, that he had taken from the christians the more part of all +other towns and strengths within the land. These newes were nothing +pleasant to the christian princes, and namelie the two kings Henrie and +Philip seemed sorowfull for the same, [Sidenote: An enteruiew betwixt +the two kings.] and therefore came to an enterview togither on the 21. +day of Januarie betwixt Trie and Gisors, where the archbishop of Tire +was present through whose earnest exhortation the two kings were made +freends, [Sidenote: The two kings receiue the crosse. The French wear +red crosses, The English white, The Flemings gréene.] and the same day +receiued the crosse at his hands in purpose to make a iourneie togither +against those Saracens that had doone such iniuries to the christian +name. And for a difference that one nation might be knowne from an +other, the French king and his people tooke vpon them to weare read +crosses, the king of England and his subiects white crosses: but the +earle of Flanders and his men ware gréene. + +Herewith they departed asunder, each one repairing to their countries to +prouide their armies, and make them in readinesse to set forward by a +day towards this necessarie iournie. King Henrie comming to Chinon, by +aduise of his councell, [Sidenote: An aid granted to them in the Holie +Land. _Wil. Paruus._] ordeined that euerie one of his subiects should +yeeld a tenth part of his reuenues and mooueable goods for that yeare +towards the aid of them in the holie land (corne of that yeares growth +excepted, and also all armour, horsses, bookes, apparell, ornaments of +chappels, and pretious stones, which should not come in the rate of +goods now taxed, nor be charged with this paiment.) Moreouer those +knights and men of warre that were appointed to go in this iourneie +paied nothing, but had that monie also towards their furniture, which +were gathered of their tenants and farmers, howbeit burgesses and others +that tooke vpon them the crosse without license of their lords, paied +his tenth, so that none of them went free. + +[Sidenote: Good orders and discipline instituted.] There were also good +orders deuised, both for the aduancement of Gods glorie, and the releefe +of the common-wealth, as that no man should sweare in any outragious +maner, that no man should plaie at cards, dice or tables, and that no +maner of person after Easter should weare any costlie furs or cloth of +scarlet, nor that men should vse to haue their tables serued with more +than two dishes of meat at one meale, nor should haue their apparell +cut, iagged, or laced: and further, that none of them should take any +women foorth with them in this iourneie, except such a landresse, of +whome there might not growe anie suspicion of wanton life. It was also +ordeined, that the monie of such as died in this iournie, should go +towards the finding and maintenance of their seruants and of poore +people, and towards the aid of the christians in the holie land. +Moreouer, the pope granted that all those that went foorth in this +iournie, repenting and confessing their sinnes, should be absolued and +pardoned of the same. [Sidenote: The king returneth into England.] The +king hauing thus taken for his businesse in the parts on the further +side the sea, came now ouer into England againe, landing at Winchelsey +on a Saturday the thirtith day of Januarie, [Sidenote: A council holden +at Gaitington. _Ger. Dor._] and calling a councell togither at +Gaitington, which is eight or nine miles from Northampton, he there +declared what orders he had taken for his iournie into the holie land. +Wherevpon the bishops of Norwich and Lincolne, and a great number of +other people tooke vpon them the crosse at the preaching of the +archbishop of Canturburie, and the bishop of Rochester. + +[Sidenote: A tenth leuied.] This doone, king Henrie tooke order also for +the leuieng of the tenth, as well here in England, as he had doone in +the parts subiect to him on the further side the sea. He also sent Hugh +bishop of Durham, and other both spirituall and temporall persons, +[Sidenote: The king of Scots.] vnto William king of Scots, to gather the +tenth likewise within his countrie, but he met them betwixt Wark and +Brightham, and would not suffer them to enter into Scotland, but he +offered to giue vnto the king of England in recompense of the tenths, +and for to haue againe his castels, the summe of 5000. marks of siluer, +which could not be accepted. The French king likewise gathered the +tenths in his countrie towards this intended iournie. [Sidenote: The +good meaning of the two kings disappointed. _Polydor._] But by the +working of some wicked spirit (as we may well thinke) which enuied the +aduancement or the christian common-wealth, that good meaning of the two +kings was broken and disappointed: for the peace latelie concluded +betwixt them continued not long vnuiolated. + +The French writers impute the fault thereof vnto English men, and the +English writers laie it to French men. The French writers say, that +earle Richard the son of king Henrie in breach of the league, [Sidenote: +Reimond earle of Tholouze.] made warre vpon Reimond earle of Tholouze. +The English writers reproue the French king as a wicked man, in that he +should of purpose breake the peace and moue warre against king Heurie, +to withdraw him from going to make warre against the Saracens, to the +which enterprise, he was wholie bent and inclined. Such is the maner of +manie writers, who more affectionat to the loue of their countrie than +to the truth, doo not obserue the law of histories in their writings, +but rather inueie one against another in a bralling and reprouing maner. + +¶ Examples hereof are more than by any possibilitie may be remembred, +and namelie for breuitie sake George Bucchanan in the 8. booke of his +Scotish historie verie reprochfullie speaketh of Richard Grafton (a +right reuerend man whiles he liued and of entier name also being dead) +charging him with ignorance, and the report of a shamelesse lier. Whose +case, bicause it is not so conuenient to be handled in this place as els +where, we will remit to the reigne of* Edward the third, [Sidenote: * +Where he shall be fellie & sufficientlie answered.] in whose time John +Balioll was king of Scots, cleere him (as well as we can) from a Scotish +slander. Another example also we haue, and that most notorious, of +Gabriel Prateolus the Jesuit, who hauing neuer beene in England, nor yet +vnderstanding the English toong, blusheth not to say that the +translation of the English bible hath in it a thousand faults. O +singular and insufferable impudencie, when men passe not what they vomit +and cast vp out of a full gorge surfetting with malice and rancour! But +what shall we say, + [Sidenote: _Horat. in art. poet._] + Omne superuacuum pleno de pectore manat. + +[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ The nobles of Poictou rebell against earle +Richard.] In deed (as Roger Houeden and other doo witnes) the foresaid +earle Reimond, and also Aimer earle of Angolesme, Geffrey de Racon, and +Geffrey de Lusignan, with the most part of all the nobles of Poictou, +made warre against earle Richard, and he held tacke against them all, +and in the end ouercame them. Amongst other of earle Reimonds part whom +he tooke, [Sidenote: Peter Seille] was one Peter Seille, by whose +counsell earle Reimond had taken diuerse merchants of Poictou that were +subiects to earle Richard, & doone manie other displeasures to him and +to his countrie, wherefore earle Richard kept this Peter in verie close +prison, and would not put him to his ransome: in somuch that earle +Reimond tooke two of the king of Englands knights, sir Robert Poer, and +sir Richard Fraser, as they were returning from Compostella, where they +had béene to visit the bodie of S. James, but they were quicklie set at +libertie by the French kings commandement, for the reuerence of S. James +whose pilgrims they were. + +[Sidenote: Erle Richard inuadeth the earle Tholouze lands.] After this, +earle Richard entred with a great armie into the lands of earle Reimond, +wasted the same, and tooke by siege a castell of his situate néere vnto +Tholouze, called Moisac: whereof the French king hearing, sent out of +hand to the king of England, requiring to know if the damages doone by +his sonne earle Richard vnto him & his people in Tholouze, were doone by +his commandement, for the which he demanded restitution. Herevnto the +king of England answered, that his sonne earle Richard did nothing in +that behalfe, either by his knowledge or commandement: but that as he +had signified to him by the archbishop of Dublin, what soeuer he did +therin, was doone by the counsell of the French king himselfe. + +Howsoeuer this matter went, certeine it is, that king Philip taking +weapon in hand, [Sidenote: Annales de France.] vpon a sudden entred into +Berrie, and tooke from king Henrie Chasteau Raoull, Brezancois, +Argenton, Mountrichard, Mountresor, Vandosme, Leprose, Blanc en Berrie, +Culan and Molignon. Wherfore king Henrie (who was at this[13] time in +England about to prepare an armie to go therewith into the holie land) +when he heard thereof, [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ The archbishop of +Canturburie with the bishops of Chester, saith _Ger. Dor._] with all +spéed he sent Baldwin archbishop of Canturburie, and Hugh bishop of +Durham ouer into France, to appease the French kings displeasure with +courteous words and reasonable persuasions if it might be: but when that +could not be brought to passe, he sailed ouer into Normandie himselfe, +with an armie of Englishmen and Welshmen, landing with the same at +Herflue the 10. daie of Julie, [Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] after he had +beene sore tossed by a cruell tempest that rose as he was on the sea, to +the great danger of his person, & all that were with him. + +Now after his comming to land, he repaired vnto Alencon, increasing his +power by gathering vp souldiers and men of warre out of Normandie and +other his countries on that side the sea. [Sidenote: Chateau Roux it is +called in the French annales: but y^e chronicles of Aniou name it +Chasteau Raoul, and rightlie as I thinke.] In the meane time his sonne +Richard earle of Poictou entred into Berrie with a mightie armie, and +the French king deliuering Chateau Raoull vnto the keeping of sir +William de Berres returned into France, so that earle Richard spoiled +and wasted the lands of those earls and barons which tooke the French +part exceedinglie. The French king kept him as yet within France, and +durst not come foorth now after the ariuall of king Henrie, but manie +enterprises were atchiued by the capteines on both sides. Philip bishop +of Beauuois inuading the frontiers of Normandie, burned Blangeuille, +belonging to the earle of Augi, and the castell Albemarle (that belonged +to William de Mandeuille, whereof he bare the title of earle) and wasted +the countrie round about. The French king also came to the towne of +Trow, and burned it, and tooke 40. men of armes there, but the castell +he could not win. On the other part, Richard earle of Poictou tooke a +strong place called Les Roches, beyond Trow towards Vandosme, [Sidenote: +Sergeants.] with 25. men of armes, and 60. yeomen. + +About this time king Henrie sent ambassadours vnto the French king, as +Walter the archbishop of Rouen, John bishop of Eureux, and William +Marshall, to require restitution for the damages doone to him and his +people. And furthermore, that if the French king refused to make +restitution, then had they in commandement to declare defiance against +him. Wherevnto the French king answered, that he would not giue ouer to +make warre till he had Berrie, and the countrie of Veuxin or Veulgesine +wholie in his possession. Wherefore king Henrie with a mightie armie (on +the tuesdaie after the feast of the decollation of S. John) entred into +the realme of France, and burned manie townes and villages, approching +the same day néere to the towne of Maunt, where the French king was +thought to be. Now as it chanced, William de Berres and Drogo de Merlo +encountred with Richard earle of Poictou and William de Mandeuille earle +of Albemarle, so that William de Berres was taken by earle Richard, but +by negligence of them that should haue taken héed to him, escaped awaie +vpon his pages horsse. The morrow after also, earle Richard departed +from his father towards Berrie, [Sidenote: The Welshmen.] and vpon the +thursdaie the Welshmen burned manie villages, with the castell of +Danuille that belonged to Simon Daneth, and tooke manie rich preies and +booties. Also William Mandeuille earle of Albemarle burned a place +called saint Clare, that was belonging vnto the demaine of the French +king. + +But see, when the English were fullie bent to prosecute the warres (with +all extremitie) now in hand, there came messengers vnto king Henrie from +the French king, requiring him that he would grant a peace to be had +betwixt them, with promise that if he would condescend therevnto, that +he should receiue by waie of restitution all that the French king had +now taken from him in Berrie. [Sidenote: The two kings come to a +treatie.] Herevpon they came to a communication betwixt Trie & Gisors, +and when they could not agrée, [Sidenote: An elme cut downe.] the French +king caused a great elme standing betwixt those two places to be cut +downe, at which the kings of England and France were accustomed to méet +when they treated of matters in controuersie betwixt them, swearing that +from thencefoorth there should neuer be anie more méetings holden at +that place. + +Afterward, when the earle of Flanders and the earle of Blois with +diuerse other earles and barons of the Realme of France, laid their +armor aside, [Sidenote: A commendable protestation and worthie to be +noted.] protesting openlie that they would not put on the same againe to +make warre against any christian, till they should returne from their +iournie which they had vowed into the holie land, the French king +destitute of men to serue him, made sute once againe to king Henrie, +that they might méet and talke of peace, which was hardlie granted, and +so they met on the morrow after saint Faithes daie, or the seauenth of +October, [Sidenote: Castellium.] at Chattellon, where they entreated of +a forme of peace, so that the French king should haue restored all that +he had taken within the countries belonging to king Henrie, and likewise +Richard earle of Poictou should deliuer vp vnto the earle of saint Giles +(otherwise called earle of Tholouse) all that he had taken from him +since the breach of the last truce. But when king Henrie would not +deliuer the castell of Pascie in pledge to the French king, they +departed in sunder (as before) without any thing concluded. The king of +France after this tooke the castell of Paluell. + +[Sidenote: An other treatie betwixt the two kings.] Vpon the eightéenth +day of August the two kings came againe togither about a new treatie of +peace betwixt Bonsemblance and Sukennie, where the French king offered +king Henrie, to restore to him all that he had taken by his last warres +if his sister Alice might be ioined in marriage with Richard erle of +Poictou, now eldest sonne aliue to king Henrie, and that all king +Henries subiects might doo homage and sweare fealtie to the same +Richard. But king Henrie after the old prouerbe, Ictus piscator sapit, +hauing bought his experience with the féeling of smart, & bearing in +memorie the iniuries done to him by his sonne Henrie, after such his +aduancement to kinglie degrée, would not grant the French kings request +herein. Wherevpon a further mischeefe happened, for his sonne earle +Richard (taking displeasure that his father should denie him that +honour, which made altogither for his more assurance to succeed him as +king) fell from his said father manifestlie, [Sidenote: Erle Richard +reuolteth from his father to serue the French king.] and became the +French kings man, dooing homage to him also without consent of king +Henrie, for all those lands that belonged to his said father on that +further side the sea. The French king for his homage and fealtie gaue +him Chateau Raoull and Ysoldun, with all the honour thereto belonging. + +[Sidenote: _Polydor._] ¶ Some write, that the cheefest cause which +mooued king Henrie to refuse to ioine his sonne earle Richard and the +ladie Alice, daughter vnto the French king in marriage togither, was, +for that he was linked in the cumbersome chaine of hot burning loue with +the same ladie, and therefore he sought all the shifts of excuses & +delaies that might be imagined; so that it appeared he had no mind to +part with hir. The truth was (as writers affirme) he had alreadie +persuaded hir to satisfie his lust, insomuch that he liked hir so well, +that he ment to be diuorsed from his wife quéene Elianor, and to marrie +this yoong ladie, which if he might bring to passe, and haue children by +hir, he purposed to disherit those which he had by Elianor, and to make +the other which he should haue by Adela his legitimat and lawfull +heires. [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] Yet before they departed from this +communication, a truce was taken to endure till the feast of S. Hilarie. +And Henrie bishop of Alba a cardinall that was sent from the pope to end +this controuersie betwixt these two mightie princes, accursed Richard +earle of Poictou, for that by his meanes the troubles rose and were +continued betwixt them. + +[Sidenote: Beuerley burnt.] The towne of Beuerley, with the church of +saint John the archbishop, was in maner wholie consumed with fire, on +the 20. of September. [Sidenote: William de Sempringham decesseth.] Also +the same yeare died William of Sempringham, the author and first founder +of the religious order of Sempringham. [Sidenote: Gilbert de Ogerstan.] +Moreouer Gilbert de Ogerstan a knight templer put in trust by king +Henrie, with others, to gather the tenths towards the reléefe of the +holie land, was prooued to vse falshood in the receipt, and so was +deliuered vnto the maister of the temple at London to be punished +according to the statutes of his order. Also this yere in the vigill of +S. Laurence, [Sidenote: A strange apperance in the aire.] there was +séene at Dunstable by diuerse persons a figure of the crosse verie long +and large in the aire, with the shape of a crucifix thereon, and +streames of bloud to their sight seemed to run out of the wounds of the +feet, hands and sides. This strange appearance continued in sight from +noone till almost night. + +¶ Some will deeme this a meere fable, and saie it sauoureth of grosse +superstition and idolatrie, wherevpon they will conclude that no such +fragments poudered with papistrie should be inserted into a chronicle. +But (to auoid all suspicion of iustifieng the fansies of men) note you +this, that in the ecclesiasticall historie, no small number of things no +lesse strange and true than this seemeth vaine and false, are recorded; +yea euen touching the verie crosse. But considering that this our age is +verie nice and deintie in making choise of matter pleasing their owne +humor we will not wade too farre in this kind of argument, which we know +may as soone offend as it is taken, as a thorne may pricke, or a netle +sting when it is touched. Neuerthelesse, we would not wish that the +forme of a thing should be quite condemned for some scandalous peoples +pleasures, whome nothing will please, vnlesse it come out of their owne +drieuat or casket of conceits. + +[Sidenote: An. Reg. 35. 1189.] King Henrie held his Christmas at Saumur +in Aniou, but manie of his earles and barons were gon from him, and +tooke part with the French king, and with his sonne Richard earle of +Poictou. Now when the day was come, in which the truce expired, the +Britains (which had a charter of couenants of the French king and earle +Richard, that if they concluded any peace with king Henrie, the Britain +should be partakers in the same) entred into the confines of those +countries which still continued their due obedience towards king Henrie; +spoiling and wasting the same on each side with barbarous crueltie. +[Sidenote: A legat.] At which time also a legat came from the pope named +John de Anagnia, who assaied both by courteous meanes and also by +threats and menacings to reduce the parties vnto peace and concord: +insomuch that by his procurement they met this yeare after Easter néere +vnto Fiert Bernard, twise within a few daies togither, to trie if by +talke they might sort to some reasonable conditions of agreement. + +[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] The last time of those their meetings was in +the Whitsunwéeke, at what time the French king required not onelie to +haue his sister Alice deliuered vnto earle Richard for wife, according +to the former couenants, but also some assurance giuen vnto the same +earle Richard, that he should inherit his fathers lands after his +deceasse. Also he required that earle John might take vpon him the +crosse to passe ouer into the holie land also; for otherwise earle +Richard would not go. [Sidenote: _R. Houed._] Howbeit king Henrie would +in no wise consent to any of these demands: but yet as some write, he +offered thus much vnto king Philip, that if he could be so content, his +sonne John should marrie his sister Alice, and inioy with hir all such +things as he demanded in preferment of his sonne Richard, and that in +more large maner than he had requested the same; But king Philip would +none of that. + +Thus how soeuer it was, whilest the one demanded that which the other +thought no reason to grant, they departed without concluding any +agréement, so that king Philip hauing got by this meanes a good occasion +to further his enterprises, [Sidenote: King Phillip entereth into the +countrie of Maine.] with all his whole puissance entred into Maine, +where he destroied a great part of that countrie, and approched to the +citie of Mauns, where king Henrie as then laie, in purpose to besiege +it; But king Henrie being warned of his comming set the suburbs on fire, +bicause his enimies should haue no succour in them. Howbeit the flame of +the fire was by force of the wind driuen so directlie into the citie, +that what with heat and assault of the enimie, the king being without +any store of souldiers to defend it longer, was constreined to forsake +it. Herewith he was so mooued that in departing from the citie, he said +these words of his sonne Richard to himselfe: [Sidenote: The words of +king Henrie in his displeasure towards earle Richard.] "Sith thou hast +taken from me this daie the thing that I most loued in this world, I +will requite thee, for after this daie, I shall depriue thée of that +thing which in me should most please thée, euen mine owne hart." + +[Sidenote: Mauns yéelded to the French king. _Wil. Paruus._] Being thus +driuen to leaue the defaced citie of Mauns, he repaired vnto Chinon, the +citizens whereof being left destitute of aid, yéelded themselues to the +French king, who taking a great pride in his dooings for that victorie, +passed ouer Loire, and wan the citie of Towrs, wherein he placed a +garison, and so hauing sped his businesse with good successe, brought +home his armie laden with preies & booties. [Sidenote: _Polydor._] King +Henrie being thus put to the worsse, and not perceiuing anie readie +meane how to recouer his losses, began to despaire in himselfe, and +therefore of necessitie thought it best to séeke for peace, [Sidenote: +The earle of Flanders séeketh to agrée the parties. _Matth. Paris._] but +his suit was in vaine: for the enimie hauing now the aduantage, would +not grant to agrée vpon any reasonable conditions. + +At the last Philip the earle of Flanders and William archbishop of +Reimes, with Hugh duke of Burgoine, came to king Henrie to moue waies of +agréement, and to conclude the same betwixt him on the one partie, and +the French king and earle Richard on the other partie. Earle Richard had +the Britaines and them of Poictou confederate with him vnder such +conditions, as he might not agrée with his father, vnlesse they might be +comprised in the agréement. [Sidenote: A peace concluded.] At length +they agreed vpon conditions, not altogither aduantageable to the king of +England, yet in the end, Chateau Raoul was restored to king Henrie with +all that had béene taken from him since the time that the French king & +he tooke vpon them the crosse: on the other part king Henrie did homage +to the French king, which, in the beginning of this warre he had +surrendred and renounced. [Sidenote: Thirtie thousand to the K. and +twentie to the barons of France, saith _Ger. Dor._] He was bound also to +paie to the French king 20. thousand markes for the aid which earle +Richard had receiued of him: moreouer to resigne and acquite vnto the +French king, all that which either he or his predecessours held or +possessed within Aluergue. Other articles there were which king Henrie +agréed vnto some against his will, as the deliuerie of the ladie Alice +or Adela, and such other, which (as not much materiall) we passe ouer. + +[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ At Gisors saith _Ger. Dor._] This peace was +concluded not farre from Towrs, in a place appointed conuenient for both +the kings to méet in, about the feast of the apostles Peter and Paule. +And (as writers record) there chanced great thunder and lightening at +the verie time when the two kings came to enteruiew and talke togither, +[Sidenote: Strange thunder & lightning.] so that the thunderbolt did +light betwixt them two: & yet (notwithstanding such thunder & +lightening) the aire was cleare and nothing troubled. The two kings +parted a sunder through feare thereof for that day, and on the next day +the like chance happened, greatlie to the terrour of them both. Which +mooued king Henrie the sooner to condescend to the agreement. + +Moreouer this is not to be forgotten, that when all matters were quieted +and accorded amongst them, King Henrie required to haue all their names +deliuered vnto him in writing, which had promised to take part (and were +ioined as confederates) with the French king and earle Richard. This was +granted, and when the roll was presented vnto him, he found his sonne +John the first person that was named in that register, wherewith he was +so troubled and disquieted in his mind, that comming to Chinon he felt +such gréefe hereof, that he curssed euen the verie daie in which he was +borne, and as was said, gaue to his sonnes Gods cursse and his, the +which he would neuer release, although he was admonished to doo it both +of sundrie bishops and other religious and godlie men. Thus saith +Houeden. + +Howbeit, it is not like that earle Richard at this time had procured his +brother John to be confederate with him in his rebellious dealings, but +rather bicause earle Richard had some suspicion, least his father would +make John his heire and successour in the kingdome, it might be a +policie wrought by the French king and earle Richard, to alienate his +fathers mind from the said John. + +¶ These euils were estéemed to fall vnto king Henrie by the iust +iudgement of God, for that being admonished diuerse waies, as well by +diuine reuelation, as by the wholesome aduise of graue men, as Hugh +bishop of Lincolne and others, he would not reforme his licentious +appetite of heaping vp sinne vpon sinne, but still wallowed therein to +his owne destruction. Wherevpon being brought to such an extremitie as +ye haue heard, he was taken with a greeuous sicknesse, which bringing +him to vtter desperation of recouering of health, he finallie departed +this life, though more through verie anguish and gréefe of his late +losse and troubles susteined, than by the force of his bodilie disease +(as writers haue affirmed.) [Sidenote: King Henrie departeth this life.] +But howsoeuer it was, he ended his life the sixt of Julie in the 61. +yeare of his age, and after he had reigned 34. yeares, nine moneths, and +two daies, [Sidenote: 1189.] which was in the yeare after the birth of +our sauiour 1189. and of the creation of the world 5155. His bodie was +buried at Founteuerard, which is an abbeie situate not farre from the +towne of the eagle within the dutchie of Alanson. + +Immediatlie vpon his death, those that were about him, applied their +market so busilie in catching and filching awaie things that laie readie +for them, that the kings corps laie naked a longtime, till a child +couered the nether parts of his body with a short cloke, [Sidenote: His +surname whereof it came.] and then it séemed that his surname was +fulfilled that he had from his childhood, which was Shortmantell, being +so called, bicause he was the first that brought short clokes out of +Aniou into England. As his sonne Richard met the corps going towards the +buriall, suddenlie there issued bloud out of the dead bodies +nosthrilles, which was taken for a signification that it abhorred the +presence of so wicked a son, which in his life time had so persecuted +the father. [Sidenote: A strange maner of fight betwixt fishes.] His +death was signified by a maruellous strange woonder, for a few daies +before he died, all the fishes in a certeine méere or poole in +Normandie, leapt foorth on land in the night season, and fought togither +with such a noise, that a great multitude of men came running thither +to behold the woonder, and could not find on fish aliue in the meere. + +[Sidenote: The issue of Henrie the second. His sonnes. His daughters.] +He had issue by his wife quéene Elianor (as may appeare by that which +alreadie is rehearsed) foure sonnes, Henrie, Richard, Geffrey, and John, +besides two other that died yoong, as some authors haue recorded: also +three daughters, Maud, married vnto Henrie the duke of Saxonie; Elianor +the wife of Alfonse the eight of that name king of Castile, and Joane +giuen in marriage vnto William king of Sicill. [Sidenote: His base +sons.] He had also two bastard sonnes by a concubine, the one named +William, & the other Geffrey. [Sidenote: The constitution of his bodie.] +He was of bodie fleshie and strong, and could abide verie patientlie the +displesures both of cold and heat, he had a large head, a broad breast, +a broken voice, and was furthermore verie spare of diet, cheefelie +bicause he would not be too fat; and therefore when he was at quiet +without any trouble of warres, he would exercise himselfe in hunting or +trauelling abroad. [Sidenote: His stature.] He was of a good stature and +verie well-formed, of a comelie countenance, partlie red heared, with +graie eies, of wit quicke, and of a perfect good memorie, so that he +would long remember those things which he had either read, heard, or +seene. [Sidenote: His qualities and conditions of mind.] He was stout of +stomach, and more constant in time of aduersitie than in time of +prosperitie, except at the time of his death, when being destitute in +maner of all his fréends, he shewed himselfe almost in despaire. He was +liberall towards all men, oftentimes giuing rewards to his souldiers +ouer and besides their wages. + +[Sidenote: _Radulphus de Diceto._] Moreouer, of nature he was pitifull +towards the poore, as it well appeared by diuerse his charitable deeds; +as for example. When in the yeare 1176. there was a great dearth & +scarsitie of bread in the parts of Aniou & Maine, he fed euerie daie +with sufficient sustenance ten thousand persons, from the begining of +Aprill, till the time that new corne was inned: and what prouision +soeuer was laid vp in garners, cellers and storehouses, for the kings +necessarie vses, he caused the same to be imploied towards the reléefe +of religious houses, and poore people. He tooke of his subiects but +sildome times any great tributes. He was verie expert in feats of warre, +and right fortunate therein. He praised his capteins and men of warre +when they were dead, and lamented their losse more than he shewed to +loue them when they were aliue. And this did he of policie, that they +might vnderstand that they should be honoured after death, and therefore +feare it the lesse. He was somwhat learned, and also knowne to be wise. + +[Sidenote: _Radulphus de Diceto._] His care to haue iustice dulie +ministred in his realme was exceeding great, insomuch that finding how +the shirifes were rather inclined to seeke their owne gaine, than to +deale vprightlie with his subiects, he appointed other officers to haue +a regard to their dooings, as if they had béene controllers, that they +knowing how there were such appointed to haue a sound ouersight in their +dealings, might be the more circumspect in their duties. He ordeined +also punishments for hunters in forrests and grounds of warren, either +by fining them, or by imprisonment. + +Moreouer, he ordeined that murtherers should suffer death by hanging: +and so for other transgressours he appointed other kinds of punishments, +as some to be condemned to exile, and other to losse of lims, &c.: +according to the qualitie of the offense committed. And to haue the +lawes dulie executed, and iustice vprightlie ministred on all hands, he +was so carefull that he tried all orders of men, in placing them in +roomes of iustice. And lastlie, trusting to find among the cleargie such +as would not be corrupted with bribes, nor for respect of feare or +freendship decline from right iudgement, [Sidenote: Bishops chosen +principall iustices.] he chose foorth the bishops of Winchester, Elie +and Norwich to be principall iustices of the relme, so as they might end +and determine all matters, except in certeine cases reserued to the +hearing of the prince himselfe. + +[Sidenote: The vices of K. Henrie.] His vices were these, as they are +remembred. In time of aduerse fortune no man could shew himselfe more +courteous, gentle, méeke, and promising more largelie than he would. But +when fortune once began to smile, no man was more sharpe, hard to deale +with, nor more redie to breake his promise and faith. He was also +partlie noted of couetousnesse: for although he was liberall towards +souldiers and strangers, yet was he streict inough towards his owne +people, and namelie towards his sonnes, which caused them to estrange +themselues and their good wils from him. He was not so zealous toward +the execution of right and equitie as to the furtherance of his owne +priuat commoditie. + +[Sidenote: His incontinencie.] He was out of measure giuen to fleshlie +lust, and satisfieng of his inordinate concupiscence. For not contented +with the vse of his wife, he kept manie concubines, but namelie he +delited most in the companie of a pleasant damsell, whom he called the +Rose of the world (the common people named hir Rosamund) for hir passing +beautie, propernesse of person, and pleasant wit, with other amiable +qualities, being verelie a rare and péerlesse péece in those daies. +[Sidenote: Rosamund his concubine.] He made for hir an house at +Woodstocke in Oxfordshire, like a labyrinth, with such turnings and +windings in & out as a knot in a garden called a maze, that no creature +might find hir nor come to hir, except he were instructed by the king, +or such as were secret with him in that matter. But the common report of +the people is, that the quéene in the end found hir out by a silken +thread, which the king had drawne after him out of hir chamber with his +foot, and dealt with hir in such sharpe and cruell wise, that she liued +not long after. She was buried in the nunrie of Goodstow beside Oxford, +with these verses vpon hir toome: + Hîc iacet in tumulo, Rosa mundi non Rosa munda, + Non redolet sed olet, quæ redolere solet. +The meaning whereof may be found in Graftons large chronicle, page 77. +in an English septenarie. + +[Sidenote: _Ran. Higd._] Long time after the death of this damsell, in +the said abbeie was shewed a cofer, that sometimes was hirs, of the +length of two foot, in the which appeared giants fighting, startling of +beasts, swimming of fishes, and flieng of foules, so liuelie, that a man +might woonder at the fine deuise thereof. + +Moreouer, king Henrie was noted not to be so fauourable to the liberties +& fréedoms of the church as he might haue béene. For besides the +persecuting of the foresaid Thomas archbishop of Canturburie, he would +not suffer the legats sent from the pope, to enter within the bounds of +his dominion, till they had sworne that they should doo nothing +preiudiciall to the customes of his kingdome, neither by prescribing +orders, nor any other maner of act or meanes. [Sidenote: His negligēce +in aiding the Christians against the Saracens.] He was thought to be +negligent in aiding the christian commonwealth in the holie land. For +though he had appointed twice or thrice to go thither in person, yet +being letted by light occasions, he staied at home, and sent small +reléefe thither, though he was earnestlie called vpon for the same. His +estimation was such amongst forren princes, that Philip king of France +being newlie entred into the gouernement of that realme after his +fathers deceasse, committed[14] himselfe and his kingdome to the +disposition and order of king Henrie, as if he had béene regent of his +realme, and gouernour of his person. + +There liued in the daies of this king Henrie the second, diuerse +honourable personages and capteins of great fame, for their approued +valiancie and experience in warlike enterprises, as Robert earle of +Leicester, Hugh bigot earle of Northfolke, Reignold earle of Cornewall, +Robert Ferreis earle of Darbie, Richard Lacie, Roger Mowbray, Rafe de +Fulgiers, Humfrey Bohun conestable of England, Ranulfe Glandeuille, +William Vesey, & Bernard de Ballioll. [Sidenote: _Bale._] Also there +flourished in his time here in this land, men of singular learning in +arts and sciences, as Nicholas Breakespeare, Serlo surnamed Grammaticus, +William Rheualensis, Adam de Euesham, Thomas of Munmouth, Adelbertus +Leuita, Geruasius Cicestrensis, Odo Cantianus, Ealred Rhieuellensis, +Johannes Sarisburiensis, Clemens Lanthoniensis, Walter Daniell, Robert +Knought aliàs Camtus, Robert Folioth, William Ramsey, Senatus Brauonus, +Robert the Scribe, Odo Miremouth, Hugh of Reading, Richard of Douer, +William of Peterburough, Cicerciensis, Bartholomew Iscanus, and Gilbert +de Sempringham, with others. + +¶ And here to make an end with this high and mightie prince Henrie the +second, I haue thought good to make you partaker of an epitaph, which +we find in Matthew Paris and others written of him as followeth. + + Epitaphium in Henricum secundum regem mortuum & hîc sepultum + + Rex Henricus eram, mihi plurima regna subegi, + Multiplicíq; modo dúxq; comésq; fui, + Cui satis ad votum non essent omnia terræ + Climata, terra modò sufficit octo pedum. + Qui legis hæc, pensa discrimina mortis, & indè + Humanæ specula conditionis habe. + Quod potes instanter operare bonum, quia mundus + Transit, & incautos mors inopina rapit + + * * * * * + + Aliud. + + Tvmuli regis superscriptio breuis exornat, + Sufficit hic tumulus, cui non suffecerat orbis, + Res breuis est ampla, cui fuit ampla breuis. + + * * * * * + + An epitaph vpon king Henrie the second dead and heere intoomed. + + Of late king Henrie was my name, + which conquerd manie a land, + And diuerse dukedoms did possesse, + and earledoms held in hand. + And yet while all the earth could scarse + my greedie mind suffice, + Eight foot within the ground now serues, + wherein my carcase lies. + Now thou that readest this, note well + my force with force of death, + And let that serue to shew the state + of all that yeeldeth breath. + Doo good then here, foreslowe no time, + cast off all worldlie cares, + For brittle world full soone dooth faile, + and death dooth strike vnwares. + + * * * * * + + An other. + + Small epitaph now serues, to decke + this toome of statelie king: + And he who whilome thought whole earth + could scarse his mind content, + In little roome hath roome at large, + that serues now life is spent. + +¶ Here may be thought that the reigne of the Normans and French men ouer +the realme of England tooke end, a hundred twentie two yeares after the +comming in of the Conquerour; for those that reigned after this Henrie +the second, we may rightlie estéeme to be Englishmen, bicause they were +borne in England, and vsed the English toonge customes, and maners, +according to the nature and qualitie of the countrie. + + + Thus farre the succession and regiment of the Frenchmen ouer this + Iland; namelie, Stephan of Bullongne and Henrie the second. + + + + +Transcriber's notes + +There are no footnotes in the original. The original spelling and +punctuation have been retained, with the exception of obvious errors +which have been corrected by reference to the 1587 edition of which +the original is a transcription. + +[1] Original reads 'withcraft'; corrected to 'witchcraft'. + +[2] Original reads 'vpon summons giuen vnto him him'; corrected to + 'vpon summons giuen vnto him'. + +[3] Original reads 'M. Triuet.'; corrected to 'N. Triuet.'. + +[4] Original reads 'Poloydr'; corrected to 'Polydor'. + +[5] Original reads 'Fench'; corrected to 'French'. + +[6] Original reads 'againt'; corrected to 'against'. + +[7] The passage referred to is in this reign, An. Reg. 19, 1173. + +[8] Original reads 'thorugh'; corrected to 'thorough'. + +[9] Original reads 'euenth'; corrected to 'seuenth'. + +[10] Original reads 'Cauturburie'; corrected to 'Canturburie'. + +[11] Original reads 'Griffiin'; corrected to 'Griffin'. + +[12] Original reads 'yearelelie'; corrected to 'yearelie'. + +[13] Original reads 'at this this'; corrected to 'at this'. + +[14] Original reads 'commmitted'; corrected to 'committed'. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and +Ireland (2 of 6): England (5 of 12), by Raphael Holinshed + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND *** + +***** This file should be named 16761-0.txt or 16761-0.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/7/6/16761/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Louise Pryor and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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