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/* tiny type.. */ + text-align: right; + position: absolute; + right: 5px; + padding: 0 0 0 0 ; /* ..very compact */ + margin: 0 0 0 0; + font-weight: 400; /* normal weight */ + font-style: normal; + text-decoration: none; + color: #444; /* ..dark gray.. */ + background-color: #EEE; /* ..on light gray.. #EEE */ + margin-left: 0; text-indent: 0; + } +/* poems have different margins and text indenting */ +.poem span.pagenum {/* right-margin page numbers */ + display: inline; /* set to "none" to make #s disappear */ + font-size: 70%; /* tiny type.. */ + text-align: right; + position: absolute; + right: 5px; + padding: 0 0 0 0 ; /* ..very compact */ + margin: 0 0 0 0; + font-weight: 400; /* normal weight */ + font-style: normal; + text-decoration: none; + color: #444; /* ..dark gray.. */ + background-color: #EEE; /* ..on light gray.. #EEE */ + margin-left: 0; text-indent: 0; + } +/***************************************************************** + end +******************************************************************/ + + --> + </style> + </head> +<body> +<div style='text-align:center'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND AND IRELAND (2 OF 6): ENGLAND (03 OF 12) +HENRIE I. ***</div> + + +<p><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47" ></a><span class="pagenum">[47]</span></p> +<h2>HENRIE THE FIRST, YOONGEST SONNE<br /> +<span style="font-size:smaller;">TO WILLIAM THE CONQUEROUR.</span></h2> + + +<p style="margin-top:3em;">Henrie the yoongest sonne to William the first, brother to Rufus latelie +departed, the first of that name that ruled heere in England, & for his +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 1. <br /> +1100.</span> +knowledge in good literature surnamed Beauclerke, was admitted king by +the whole assent of the lords and commons, and began his reigne ouer +England the first of August, in the yeare after the creation of the +world 1067. after the birth of our Sauiour 1100. and 44. of the emperour +Henrie the fourth, Paschall the second then gouerning the sée of Rome, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Thorne.</i> <i>Geruasius Dorobernensis.</i></span> +which was about the 51. yeare of Philip the first of that name king of +France, and in the beginning of the reigne of Edgar king of Scotland. +This king was consecrated and crowned at Westminster, the fift daie of +August, by Thomas archbishop of Yorke, and Maurice bishop of London, +bicause at that time Anselme archbishop of Canturburie was exiled. This +prince had aforehand trained the people to his humor and veine, in +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +bringing them to thinke well of him, and to conceiue a maruellous euill +opinion of his brother duke Robert, persuading them moreouer, that the +said duke was likelie to prooue a sharpe and rigorous gouernour, if he +once obteined the crowne and dominion of the land. Moreouer, he caused +to be reported for a certeine truth, that the same Robert was alreadie +created king of Jerusalem. And therefore considering that the kingdome +of Palestine (as the rumor ran) was of greater reuenues than that of +England, there was no cause why they should staie for him, who would not +willinglie leaue the greater for the lesser. By which meanes the +Nobilitie and Commons were the sooner persuaded to decline from the +election of the said Robert, and to receiue his brother Henrie for their +lawfull king, who on the other side ceased not to promise mountaines, +till his enterprise tooke effect; and then at leisure paied some of them +with molhils as by the sequele of the storie shall more at large +appéere.</p> + +<p>This Henrie therefore comming thus to the crowne, considered furthermore +with himselfe, that hereafter, when his eldest brother Robert should +returne, and vnderstand how the matter was brought about, he would +thinke himselfe to haue had much wrong, and béene verie euill dealt +withall, sith that as well by birthright, as also by agréement made with +his brother William Rufus, he ought of right to be preferred, and +therevpon would not faile but make earnest claime against him. Wherefore +yer he should come home out of the holie land (where he then remained) +the king studied by all possible +<a name="Page_48" id="Page_48" ></a><span class="pagenum">[48]</span> +<span class="rightnote">The king séeketh to win the peoples fauour.</span> +meanes how to gratifie all the states +of his realme, & to plant in their harts some good opinion of him. And +first of all he reformed such things as his brother had left verie +preiudiciall to the estate of the church, setting the same frée which +before was sore oppressed. And furthermore, somewhat to reléeue the +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i> <i>Hen. Hunt.</i> <i>Matth. Paris.</i><br /> +Anselme called home.<br /> +<i>Wil. Malm.</i><br /> +William Gifford bishop of Winchester.<br /> +<i>Hen. Hunt.</i></span> +common-wealth, he promised to restore the lawes of good king Edward, and +to abolish or amend those which by his father and brother were alreadie +ordeined to the hurt & preiudice of the old ancient liberties of the +realme of England. He reuoked Anselme the archbishop of Canturburie out +of exile, who fled (as yee haue heard) to auoid the wrath of king +William. Moreouer, he placed in the see of Winchester, one William +Gifford, a graue and discréet person, and also ordeined moonkes of +honest reputation to be abbats in certeine abbies which had beene long +void, and in the hands of William his brother: in like maner he remitted +certeine paiments which his brother and predecessour had caused to be +raised by waie of taxes and customes. Besides this, on the 8. daie of +<span class="rightnote">Rafe bishop of Durham committed to the Tower.<br /> +<i>Simon Dun.</i><br /> +The first ordeining of the yard measure.<br /> +<i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +September, he committed Rafe bishop of Durham to the Tower of London, by +whose lewd counsell his said brother being seduced, had in his life time +doone manie oppressions to his people. He ordeined also that one length +of measuring should be vsed through this realme, which was a yard, +appointing it to be cut after the length of his owne arme. Manie other +things he redressed, to the contentation and commoditie of his subiects, +who gaue God thanks that he had in such wise deliuered them out of the +hands of cruell extortioners.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i> <i>Polydor.</i></span> +After he had thus brought the common-wealth in so good estate, he +consulted with his Nobilitie, where he might best get him a wife, and +thereby leaue vnlawfull companie keeping with concubines: which demand +was not misliked at all. Herevpon they considered that Edgar king of +Scotland had a sister named Maud, a beautifull ladie, and of vertuous +conditions, who was a professed nunne in a religious house, to the end +she might auoid the stormes of the world, and lead hir life in more +securitie after hir fathers deceasse. This gentlewoman, notwithstanding +hir vow, was thought to be a meet bedfellow for the king: wherefore he +sent ambassadors to hir brother Edgar, requesting that he might haue hir +in mariage. But she refusing superstitiouslie at the first to breake hir +professed vow, would not heare of the offer: wherewithall king Henrie +being the more inflamed, sent new ambassadors to moue the case in more +earnest sort than before, in somuch that Edgar, vpon the declaration of +their ambassage, set the abbesse of the house (where then she abode) in +hand to persuade hir, who so effectuallie and diuerselie telling hir how +necessarie, profitable, & honorable the same should be both to her +countrie and kinred, did so preuaile at the last, that the yoong ladie +granted willinglie to the mariage. Herevpon she was transported into +England, and wedded to the king, who caused the archbishop Anselme to +crowne hir queene on S. Martins daie, which fell vpon a sundaie, being +the eleuenth of Nouember.</p> + +<p>¶ It should séeme by Eadmerus, that she was neuer nunne, but onelie +veiled by hir mother, and placed amongst nunnes against hir will (as she +protested to the whole world) at such time as archbishop Anselme refused +to solemnize the mariage betwixt them, till that doubt were cleared, and +the occasion remoued, wherevpon euill disposed men would haue surmised +ilfauoredlie, and reported the worst. Howbeit whether she were +professed, or veiled onelie, loth she was to consent at the first (as +partlie ye haue heard) but after that she was coupled with the king in +mariage, she prooued a right obedient wife.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The archbishop of Vienna the popes legat.</span> +About this season the archbishop of Vienna came ouer into England with +the popes authoritie (as he pretended) to be legat ouer all Briteine, +which was strange newes vnto England, and greatlie woondered at (as +Eadmerus saith) of all men. For it had not beene heard of in England +before that time, that any person should supplie the popes roome except +<span class="rightnote">He is not receiued for legat.</span> +the archbishop of Canturburie. And so he departed as he came, for no man +receiued him as legat, neither did he exercise anie legantine +authoritie. Not long +<a name="Page_49" id="Page_49" ></a><span class="pagenum">[49]</span> +after, the king sent ambassadours to Rome, about a +suit which he had against the archbishop Anselme, for that he denied not +onelie to doo him homage, but also would not consecrate such bishops and +ecclesiasticall gouernours as he vndertooke to inuest. Touching which +matter no small trouble arose, as hereafter shall appeere.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1101.</span> +In the meane time, Robert the kings elder brother, returning out of the +holie land, came into Normandie: for after he had aduertisement of the +death of his brother Rufus, and that his yoonger brother was crowned +king of England, he was greatlie displeased in his mind, and meant with +all spéed to assaie if he might recouer it out of his hands.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ran. Higd.</i> Duke Robert chosen king of Hierusalem.</span> +¶ We read, that when christian princes had woone Hierusalem, they met +togither in the temple to chuse a king for the gouernement of that citie +and countrie, in which conuent duke Robert was chosen before all the +residue to be king there, by reason of a miracle (as some haue left +recorded) wrought by quenching of a taper, and the sudden kindling +thereof againe, as he held the same in his hand, standing in the church +before the altar amongst other on Easter euen: so as thereby it should +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +be thought he was appointed among all the residue to be king, and so was +nominated. But he hauing his mind more inclined to England, refused to +take the charge vpon him: wherevpon after that daie he neuer greatlie +prospered in anie businesse which he tooke in hand: as some doo gather. +Other authors of good credit, which haue written that voiage into the +holie land, make no mention of anie such matter, but declare, that +Godfraie of Bolongne was by the generall consent of all the princes and +capiteins there elected king, as in the description of that voiage more +plainelie appéereth. But now to returne from whence I haue digressed.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote"><i>An. Reg. 2.</i></span> +When the fame was blown into England, that duke Robert was returned into +Normandie, and that the people had receiued him for their duke with +great triumph and ioy: there were diuerse which desiring innouations, +deliting in alterations, and being wearie of the quiet gouernment of +<span class="rightnote">Duke Robert is solicited to come into England to claim the +crowne.</span> +king Henrie, wrote letters into England to the duke, signifieng to him, +that if he would make hast, and come to recouer the realme out of his +brothers hands (who vsurped it by an vniust title) they would be readie +to aid him with all their power. Herewithall the duke being readie of +his owne accord to this enterprise, was not a little inflamed, and grew +more earnest to make hast about this businesse: in so much as, where he +would not séeme at the first to estéeme greatlie of the offer made to +him by the Englishmen, who had thus written ouer vnto him (blaming +generallie all the English Nobilitie, for that while he was abroad in +the seruice of the christian common-wealth against the infidels, they +would suffer him to be in such wise defrauded of his fathers +inheritance, by his brother, through their vntruth and negligence) yet +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i> <i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +although he meant to delaie the matter, and thought it rather better to +dissemble with them for a time, than to commit the successe of his +affaires and person to their inconstancie; shortlie after being set on +fire, and still incouraged by the persuasion of Rafe bishop of Durham +<span class="rightnote">In the Kal. of Februarie. <i>R. Houe.</i> <i>Hen. Hunt.</i> <i>Polydor.</i></span> +(who by a woonderfull wilie shift, about the first of Februarie had +broken out of prison) with all speed possible he gathered an armie, +purposing out of hand to passe ouer with the same into England, and to +hazard his right by dent of sword, which was thus by plaine iniurie most +wickedlie deteined from him.</p> + +<p>King Henrie in the meane time vnderstanding his meaning, assembled +likewise his power, and rigged foorth a great number of ships, +appointing them to lie in a readinesse to stop his brothers comming to +land if it might be. He himselfe, also lodged with his maine armie neere +the towne of Hastings, to giue him battell if he landed thereabouts.</p> + +<p>Duke Robert also meaning to set foreward, sent certeine of his ships +before, to choose some conuenient place where he might land with his +armie: which ships by chance fell into the danger of the kings nauie, +but yet absteining from battell, they recouered +<a name="Page_50" id="Page_50" ></a><span class="pagenum">[50]</span> +the wind, and returned +backe to the duke, signifieng from point to point how they had sped in +this voiage. The duke as he was of a bold courage, and of so gentle a +nature that he beleeued he should win their good wils, with whom he +should haue any thing to doo, passed forward, and approching to the +<span class="rightnote">Duke Robert arriued at Portsmouth. <i>Simon Dun.</i> <i>Wil. Malm.</i> +<i>Hen. Hunt.</i> <i>Polydor.</i></span> +kings nauie, vsed such mild persuasions, that a great part of the +souldiours which were aboord in the kings ships, submitted themselues +vnto him, by whose conduct he arriued in Portsmouth hauen, and there +landed with his host, about the begining of August. Now when he had +rested a few daies & refreshed his men, he tooke the way towards +Winchester, a great number of people flocking vnto him by the way.</p> + +<p>The king hauing knowledge as well of the arriuall of his enimies, as +also of the reuolting of his subiects, raised his campe, and came to +lodge neere vnto his enimies, the better to perceiue what he attempted +and purposed to doo. They were also in maner readie to haue ioined +battell, when diuerse Noble men that owght good will to both the +brethren, and abhorred in their minds so vnnaturall discord, began to +entreat for peace, which in the end they concluded vpon, conditionallie +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i> <i>Simon Dun.</i> <i>Hen. Hunt.</i></span> +that Henrie (who was borne after his father had conquered the realme of +England) should now enioy the same, yeelding and paieng yeerelie vnto +duke Robert the summe of iij. M. marks. Prouided, that whose hap of the +two it should be to suruiue or outliue, he should be the others right +and lawfull heire, by mutuall agreement. Conditionallie also, that those +English or Normans, which had taken part either with the king or the +duke, should be pardoned of all offenses that could be laid vnto them +<span class="rightnote"><i>Hen. Hunt.</i> <i>Wil. Thorne.</i> <i>Matth. West.</i> +<i>Geruasius Dorober.</i></span> +for the same by either of the princes. There were twelue Noble men on +either part that receiued corporall othes for performance of this +agréement, which being concluded vpon in this sort, duke Robert, who in +his affaires shewed himselfe more credulous than suspicious, remained +with his brother here in England till the feast of S. Michaell, and then +shewing himselfe well contented with the composition, returned into +Normandie. In the second yeare of this kings reigne, the Quéene was +deliuered of hir daughter Maud or Mathild, so called after hir owne +name, who afterward was empresse, of whom yée shall heare by Gods grace +anon in this historie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1102.</span> +The king being now rid of forren trouble, was shortlie after disquieted +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i> Robert de Belesme<a name="FNanchor_3_1" id="FNanchor_3_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> earle of Shrewsburie.</span> +with the seditious attempts of Robert de Belesme earle of Shrewsburie, +sonne to Hugh before named, who fortified the castell of Bridgenorth, +and an other castell in Wales at a place called Caircoue, and furnished +the towne of Shrewsburie, with the castels of Arundell & Tickehill +(which belonged to him) in most substantiall maner. Moreouer he sought +to win the fauour of the Welshmen, by whose aid he purposed to defend +himselfe against the king in such vnlawfull enterprises as he ment to +take in hand. But the king hauing an inkeling whereabout he went, +straightwaies proclaimed him a traitor, wherevpon he got such Welshmen +and Normans together as he could conuenientlie come by, with whom and +<span class="rightnote">Stafford wasted.</span> +his brother Arnold, he entered into Staffordshire, which they forraied +and wasted excéedinglie, bringing from thence a great bootie of beasts +and cattell, with some prisoners, whom they led foorthwith into Wales, +where they kept themselues as in a place of greatest safetie.</p> + +<p>The king in the meane time with all conuenient<a name="FNanchor_3_2" id="FNanchor_3_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> spéed raised a power, +<span class="rightnote">Arundell castell besieged.</span> +first besieging the castell of Arundell, and then planting diuerse +bastillions before it, he departed from thence, and sending the bishop +of Lincolne with part of his armie to besiege Tickehill, he himselfe +<span class="rightnote">Bridgenorth besieged.</span> +went to Bridgenorth, which he enuironed about with a mightie armie made +out of all parts of his realme: so that what with gifts, large promises, +and fearefull threatnings, at the last he allured to his side the fickle +<span class="yearnote"><i>An. Reg. 3.</i></span> +Welchmen, and in such wise wan them, that they abandoned the earle, and +tooke part against him. Wherevpon the king within 30. daies subdued all +<span class="rightnote">The earle of Shrewsburie banished the realme.</span> +the townes and castels (which he held) out of his hands, and banished +him the relme, and shortlie after confined his brother Arnold for +<a name="Page_51" id="Page_51" ></a><span class="pagenum">[51]</span> +his +traitorous demeanour vsed against him, whereby their attempts were +brought vnto an end.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">A synod of bishops. <i>Eadmerus.</i></span> +After this, at the feast of saint Michaell, Anselme archbishop of +Canturburie held a councell at Westminster, whereat were present the +archbishop of Yorke, the bishops of London, Winchester, Lincolne, +Worcester, Chester, Bath, Norwich, Rochester, and two other bishops +latlie elected by the king, namelie, Salisburie and Hereford: the bishop +of Excester was absent by reason of sicknesse.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Abbats & Priors depriued.</span> +At this councell or synod, diuerse abbats and priors, both French and +English, were depriued of their promotions and benefices by Anselme, +bicause they had come vnto them otherwise than he pretended to stand +with the decrées of the church; as the abbats of Persor, Ramsey, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +Tauestocke, Peterborow, Middleton, Burie, and Stoke, the prior of Elie, +<span class="rightnote">The cause why they wer depriued. <i>Hen. Hunt.</i> <i>Sim. Dun.</i></span> +and others. The chéefest cause of their deposing, was, for that they had +receiued their inuestitures at the kings hands.</p> + +<p>Diuerse constitutions were made by authoritie of this councell, but +namelie this one.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Eadmerus.</i> Mariage of préests forbidden. <i>Hen. Hunt.</i></span> +1 That preests should no more be suffered to haue wiues, which decree +(as saith Henrie of Huntingdon) séemed to some verie pure, but to some +againe verie dangerous, least whilest diuers of those that coueted to +professe such cleannesse and puritie of life as passed their powers to +obserue, might happilie fall into most horrible vncleannesse, to the +high dishonour of christianitie, and offense of the Almightie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Decrées instituted in this councell.</span> +2 That no spirituall person should haue the administration of any +temporall office or function, nor sit in iudgment of life and death.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Against préests that were alehouse hunters.</span> +3 That preests should not haunt alehouses, and further, that they should +weare apparell of one maner of colour, and shooes after a comelie +fashion: for a little before that time, préests vsed to go verie +vnséemlie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Archdeaconries.</span> +4 That no archdeaconries should be let to farme.</p> + +<p>5 That euerie archdeacon should at the least receiue the orders of a +deacon.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Subdeacons.</span> +6 That none should be admitted to the orders of a subdeacon, without +profession of chastitie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Préests sons.</span> +7 That no préests sonnes should succéed their fathers in their +benefices.</p> + +<p>8 That moonks and préests which had forsaken their orders (for the loue +of their wiues) should be excommunicated, if they would not returne to +their profession againe.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Préests to weare crowns.</span> +9 That préests should weare broad crownes.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Tithes.</span> +10 That no tithes should be giuen but to the church.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Benefices.</span> +11 That no benefices should be bought or sold.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">New chapels.</span> +12 That no new chappels should be builded without consent of the bishop.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Consecration of churches.</span> +13 That no church, should be consecrated except prouision were first had +to the maintenance of it and the minister.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Abbats.</span> +14 That abbats should not be made knights or men of war, but should +sléepe & eat within the precinct of their owne houses, except some +necessitie mooued them to the contrarie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Moonks.</span> +15 That no moonks should inioyne penance to any man without licence of +their abbat, and that abbats might not grant licence, but for those of +whose soules they had cure.</p> + +<p>16 That no moonks should be godfathers, nor nuns godmothers to any mans +child.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Farmes.</span> +17 That moonks should not hold and occupie any farmes in their hands.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Parsonages.</span> +18 That no moonks should receiue any parsonages, but at the bishops +hands, nor should spoile those which they did receiue in such wise of +the profits and reuenues, that curats which should serue the cures might +thereby want necessarie prouision for themselues and the same churches.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Contracts.</span> +19 That contracts made betwéene man and woman without witnesses +concerning mariage should be void, if either of them denied it.</p> + +<p><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52" ></a><span class="pagenum">[52]</span> +<span class="rightnote">Wearing of haire</span> +20 That such as did weare their heare long should be neuerthelesse so +rounded, that part of their eares might appéere.</p> + +<p>21 That kinsfolke might not contract matrimonie within the seuenth +degrée of consanguinitie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Buriall</span> +22 That the bodies of the dead should not be buried but within their +parishes, least the préest might lose his dutie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Fond worshipping of men.</span> +23 That no man should vpon some new rash deuotion giue reuerence or +honour to any dead bodies, fountaines of water, or other things, without +the bishops authoritie, which hath béene well knowne to haue chanced +heretofore.</p> + +<p>24 That there should be no more buieng and selling of men vsed in +England, which was hitherto accustomed, as if they had béene kine or +oxen.</p> + +<p>25 That all such as committed the filthie sinne of Sodomitrie should be +accursed by the decrée of this councell, till by penance & confession +they should obteine absolution. Prouided that if he were a preest or any +religious person, he should lose his benefice, and be made vncapeable of +any other ecclesiasticall preferment: if he were a laie man, he should +lose the prerogatiue of his estate. Prouided also that no religious man +might be absolued of this crime, but at the bishops hands.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The cursse to be read euerie sundaie</span> +26 That euerie sundaie this cursse should be read in euerie church.</p> +</div> + +<p>The king also caused some necessarie ordinances to be deuised at this +councell, to mooue men to the leading of a good and vpright life.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">S. Bartholomewes by Smithfield founded. +Smithfield sometimes a common laiestall & a place of execution. +<i>An. Reg. 3.</i></span> +About the third yeare of K. Henries reigne, the foundation of saint +Bartholomews by Smithfield was begun by Raier one of the kings musicians +(as some write) who also became the first prior thereof. In those daies +Smithfield was a place where they laid all the ordure and filth of the +citie. It was also the appointed place of execution, where felons and +other malefactors of the lawes did suffer for their misdeeds.</p> + +<p>In this third yeare of king Henries reigne the quéene was deliuered of a +sonne called William.</p> + +<p>When the earle of Shrewesburie was banished (as ye haue heard) the state +of the realme seemed to be reduced into verie good order and quietnesse: +so that king Henrie being aduanced with good successe in his affaires, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> The king bestoweth bishopriks. <i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +was now in no feare of danger any maner of waie. Howbeit herein he +somewhat displeased the cleargie: for leaning vnto his princelie +authoritie, he tooke vpon him both to nominate bishops and to inuest +them into the possession of their sées: amongst whom was one Remclid, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dunel.</i></span> +bishop of Hereford by the kings ordinance. This Remclid or Remeline did +afterwards resigne that bishoprike to the king, bicause he was pursuaded +he had greatlie offended in receiuing the same at a temporall mans +hands.</p> + +<p>Trulie not onelie king Henrie here in England, but also other princes +and high potentates of the temporaltie about the same season, challenged +this right of inuesting bishops and other cleargie men, as a thing due +vnto them and their predecessors, without all prescription of time, as +they alledged, which caused no small debate betwixt them and the +spiritualtie, as in that which is written thereof at large by others may +more easilie appeere.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Anselme refuseth to consecrate the bishops inuested by the +king.</span> +Howbeit Anselme the archbishop of Canturburie more earnest in this case +than any other, would not admit nor consecrate such bishops as were +nominated and inuested by the king, making no account of their +inuestiture: and further he tooke vpon him to admonish the K. not to +violate the sacred lawes, rites and ceremonies of christian religion so +latelie decréed concerning those matters. But so far was the king from +giuing any eare to his admonitions, that he stood the more stiffelie in +his chalenge. And where Thomas the archbishop of Yorke was not long +<span class="rightnote">Gerard inuested archbishop of Yorke.</span> +before departed out of this transitorie life, he gaue that benefice then +void to one Gerard, a man of great wit, but (as some writers report) +more desirous of honor than was requisite for his calling, and willed +him +<a name="Page_53" id="Page_53" ></a><span class="pagenum">[53]</span> +in despite of Anselme to consecrate those bishops whom he had of +late inuested. This Gerard therefore obeieng his commandement, did +<span class="rightnote">W. Gifford bishop of Winchester. <i>Matth. Paris.</i> +<i>Wil. Thorne.</i> <i>Polydor.</i></span> +consecrate them all, William Gifford bishop of Winchester excepted; who +refused to be consecrated at his hands, wherevpon he was depriued and +banished the relme. The archbishop Anselme also was quite out of fauour, +for that he ceased not to speake against the K. in reproouing him in +this behalfe, till time that the king was contented to referre the +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +matter to pope Paschall, and to stand to his decree and determination: +also, that such as he had placed in any bishoprike, should haue licence +to go to Rome to plead their causes, whither he promised shortlie to +<span class="yearnote">1103. <br /> +An. Reg. 4.</span> +send his ambassadours, and so he did: appointing for the purpose, +<span class="rightnote">Ambassadors sent to Rome.</span> +Herbert bishop of Norwich, and Robert bishop of Lichfield, being both of +his priuie councell, and William Warlewast, of whom mention is made +before, who went on their waie and came to Rome, according to their +commission.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Anselme goeth also to Rome.</span> +After them also folowed Anselme archbishop of Canturburie, Gerard +archbishop of Yorke, & William the elect of Winchester, whom the pope +receiued with a courteous kind of interteinement. But Anselme was +highlie honored aboue all the residue, whose diligence and zeale in +defense of the ordinances of the sée of Rome, he well inough vnderstood. +The ambassadours in like maner declaring the effect of their message, +opened vnto the pope the ground of the controuersie begun betweene the +king and Anselme, & with good arguments went about to prooue the kings +cause to be lawfull. Vpon the otherside, Anselme and his partakers with +contrarie reasons sought to confute the same. Wherevpon the pope +declared, that sith by the lawes of the church it was decréed, that the +possession of any spirituall benefice, obteined otherwise than by meanes +of a spirituall person, could not be good or allowable; from +thencefoorth, neither the king nor any other for him, should challenge +any such right to apperteine vnto them.</p> + +<p>The kings ambassadours hearing this, were somwhat troubled in their +minds: wherevpon Willam Warlewast burst out and said with great +<span class="rightnote"><i>Eadmerus.</i> The saieng of Wil. Warlewast to the pope.</span> +vehemencie euen to the popes face: "Whatsoeuer is or may be spoken in +this maner to or fro, I would all that be present should well +vnderstand, that the king, my maister will not lose the inuestitures of +churches for the losse of his whole realme." Vnto which words Paschall +<span class="rightnote">The popes answer to him.</span> +himselfe replieng, said vnto him againe: "If (as thou saiest) the king +thy maister, will not forgo the inuestiture of churches for the losse of +his realme, know thou for certeine, and marke my words well, I speake it +before God, that for the ransome of his head, pope Paschall will not at +any time permit that he shall enioie them in quiet." At length by the +aduise of his councell, the pope granted the king certeine priuileges +and customes, which his predecessours had vsed and enioied: but as for +the inuestitures of bishops, he would not haue him in any wise to meddle +withall: yet did he confirme those bishops whom the king had alreadie +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +created, least the refusall should be occasion to sowe any further +discord.</p> + +<p>This businesse being in this maner ordered, the ambassadours were +licenced to depart, who receiuing at the popes hands great rewards, and +Gerard the archbishop of Yorke his pall, they shortlie after returned +into England, declaring vnto the king the popes decrée and sentence. The +king being still otherwise persuaded, and looking for other newes, was +nothing pleased with this matter. Long it was yer he would giue ouer his +claime, or yéeld to the popes iudgement, till that in processe of time, +ouercome with the earnest sute of Anselme, he granted to obeie the popes +order herein, though (as it should appeare) right sore against his will.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +In this meane time, the king had seized into his hands the possessions +of the archbishop of Canturburie, and banished Anselme, so that he +staied at Lions in France for the space of one yeare and foure moneths, +during which time there passed manie letters and messages to and fro. +The pope also wrote to king Henrie in verie courteous maner, +<a name="Page_54" id="Page_54" ></a><span class="pagenum">[54]</span> +<span class="rightnote">The pope writeth courteouslie to the king.</span> +exhorting +him to call Anselme home againe, and to release his claime to the +inuestitures of bishops, wherevnto he could haue no right, sith it +apperteined not to the office of any temporall magistrate: adding +furthermore, if the king would giue ouer that vngodlie and vsurped +custome, that he would shew such fréendlie fauour in all things, as by +the sufferance of God in any wise he might be able to performe, and +further would receiue not onelie him, but also his yoong soone William +(whom latelie it had pleased God to send him by his vertuous wife queene +Maud) into his protection, so that who so euer did hurt either of them, +should be thought to hurt the holie church of Rome.</p> + +<p>In one of the letters which the said pope wrote vnto Anselme (after that +the king was contented to renounce the inuestitures aforesaid) he willed +Anselme, according to the promise which he had made, to assoile as well +from sinne as from penance due for the same, both the king and his wife +queene Maud, with all such persons of honour as in this behalfe had +trauelled with the king to induce him to be agréeable to his purpose.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1104. <br /> +An. Reg. 4.</span> +<span class="rightnote">The earle of Mellent.</span> +Moreouer, the earle of Mellent, and Richard de Riuers (who had +counselled the king to stand stoutlie in the matter, and not to giue +ouer his title of such inuestitures, sith his ancestors had vsed them so +long a time before his daies, by reason whereof, in renouncing his right +to the same, he should doo a thing greatlie preiudiciall to his roiall +estate and princelie maiestie) were now earnest labourers to agree the +<span class="rightnote">The K. persuaded to renounce his title to the inuestiture of +prelates. <i>Eadmerus.</i></span> +king and the pope, in so much that in the end the king was persuaded by +Anselme and them to let go his hold, resigning the inuestitures with +staffe and ring; notwithstanding that, he reserued the right of +elections, and such other roialties as otherwise apperteined to his +maiestie, so that such bishops as had doone homage to the king, were not +disabled thereby, but quietlie permitted to receiue their iurisdictions.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Duke Robert commeth into England to visit his brother.</span> +About this time Robert duke of Normandie came into England to see his +brother: who through the sugred words and sweet enterteinment of the +king, released the yeerelie tribute of 3000. markes, which he should +haue had out of the realme vpon agreement (as before ye haue heard) but +cheefelie indéed at the request of the queene, being instructed by hir +husband how she should deale with him that was knowne to be frée and +liberall, without any great consideration what he presentlie granted.</p> + +<p>Now hauing béene here a certeine time, and solaced himselfe with his +brother and sister, he returned into Normandie, where shortlie after he +began to repent him of his follie, in being so liberall as to release +the foresaid tribute: wherevpon he menaced the king, and openlie in his +reproch said that he was craftilie circumuented by him, and fatlie +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i> Factious persons practise to set the two +brethren at variance.</span> +couzened. Diuerse in Normandie desired nothing more than to set the two +brethren at square, and namelie Robert de Belesme earle of Shrewsburie, +with William earle of Mortaigne: these two were banished the realme of +England. The earle of Shrewesburie for his rebellious attempts (as +<span class="rightnote">The earle of Mortaigne.</span> +before you haue heard) and the earle of Mortaigne left the land of his +owne willfull and stubborne mind, exiling himselfe onelie vpon hatred +which he bare to the king. For being not contented with the earledome of +Mortaigne in Normandie, and the earledome of Cornewall in England, he +made sute also for the earledome of Kent, which his vncle Odo sometime +held. Now bicause he was not onelie denied of that sute, but also by +order of lawe had certeine parcels of land taken from him, which he +wrongfullie deteined, he got him into Normandie, and there made war both +against those places which the king held, and also against other that +<span class="rightnote">Richard earle of Chester.</span> +belonged to Richard earle of Chester, who was then vnder the kings +tuition and gouernement by reason of his minoritie.</p> + +<p>The threatning words of duke Robert comming at the last to king Henries +eares, caused him foorthwith to conceiue verie sore displeasure against +<span class="rightnote">A power of men sent into Normandie.</span> +the duke, in so much that he sent ouer a power into Normandie, which +finding no great resistance, did much hurt in the countrie, by fetching +and carieng spoiles and preies. Againe the Normans rather +<a name="Page_55" id="Page_55" ></a><span class="pagenum">[55]</span> +fauoured than +sought to hinder the enterprise of king Henrie, bicause they saw how +duke Robert with his foolish prodigalitie and vndiscréet liberalitie had +made awaie all that belonged to his estate; so that of the whole duchie +of Normandie, he had not any citie or towne of name left in his owne +possession, Roan onelie excepted, which he also would haue alienated, if +<span class="rightnote"><i>Gemeticensis.</i></span> +the citizens would haue consented to his fond motion.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1105. <br /> +An. Reg. 6.</span> +Now king Henrie hearing of the good successe of his men, passed ouer +<span class="rightnote">The k. passeth ouer to Normandie. +<i>Simon Dun.</i> <i>Gemeticensis.</i> <i>Polydor.</i></span> +himselfe soone after with a mightie armie, and with little adoo tooke +Eureux or (as others haue) Baieux and Caen, which cities when he had +furnished with sufficient garisons of men, he repassed the sea into +England, bicause the winter approched, and the wether waxed troublesome +for such as laie in the field. Herevpon duke Robert considering how +vnable he was (by reason that his people failed him at néed) to resist +king Henrie, sith the Britans also, and they of Aniou, tooke part with +the said king, he thought good to laie armour aside, and to passe ouer +into England, to entreat with him by way of brotherlie amitie, in full +<span class="yearnote">1106. <br /> +An. Reg. 7.</span> +hope by that meanes to auoid this present danger. But at his arriuall +here, he learned how the king his brother as then was at Northampton: +wherefore he hasted thither, and comming to him, made earnest sute for +peace, beséeching the king in respect of brotherlie loue to grant the +same; or if it were that he regarded not the goodwill of his naturall +brother, to consider at least wise what apperteined to his accustomed +gentlenesse, and to think with himselfe that warre betwixt brethren +could not be mainteined without reproch, nor that victorie be honorable +which was obteined against his owne flesh. Wherefore he required him not +to refuse peace, freendship, and voluntarie beneuolence, sith he was now +readie to render all that euer he had into his hands.</p> + +<p>The king nothing mooued herewith, but as one that disdained to make a +direct answer, murmured certeine things with himselfe, and turned away +from the duke, as one that either by experience knew his brothers light +and vnstable mind, or as one that determined to be reuenged of him euen +<span class="rightnote">The brethren depart in displeasure.</span> +to the vttermost. Duke Robert also, abhorring and vtterlie detesting +this his brothers pride, streightwaies returned home, purposing with +himselfe to the hazard of warre, sith he sawe no hope to be had in +brotherlie loue and amitie. Wherevpon he prouided for wars with all his +power, seeking aid from all places where he might get any, though the +<span class="rightnote">K. Henrie passeth into Normandie to pursue his brother.</span> +king his brother gaue him small leisure thereto, who followed him +incontinentlie with a new supplie of souldiours, desiring nothing more +than to get him within his danger.</p> + +<p>Soone after, both the brethren approching neere togither, ech of them +pitched their campe within the sight of other, preparing themselues to +giue battell with princelie stomachs. The king surmounting the duke his +<span class="rightnote">They ioine in battell.</span> +brother in number, first bringeth foorth his men in order of battell, +and streightwaies the duke likewise, both being readie to trie the +matter by dint of sword. Then the one prouoking the other, and the +trumpets sounding aloft, the conflict began. The kings souldiers +trusting too much in their owne force, by reason of their great +multitude, brake their arraie, and assailed their enimies on ech side +verie disorderlie: but the Normans being wiselie ordered and instructed +by their duke, kept themselues close togither: so that the kings +battell, which had without order stept foorth to assaile them, finding +sturdie resistance, began now to result or giue backe: for not onelie +duke Robert but also William earle of Mortaigne preased foreward amongst +their men, and fought valiantlie with their owne hands. Whervpon the +king, when he perceiued how his men began to shrinke, cried vpon them to +staie, and withall commanded his horssemen to breake vppon the flanks of +his enimies battell: which they did, with such violence that they +disparkled the same, and caused the enimies to scatter. Herewith also +the kings footmen, togither with the horssemen inuaded the Normans +<span class="rightnote">The Normans vanquished.</span> +afresh, who neuerthelesse resisted a while, till being compassed about +in maner on euerie side, they began to flee: as oftentimes it chanceth, +when a few driuen in sunder by a multitude, are assailed on all sides. +The king then hauing vanquished his aduersaries, followeth the chase, +and maketh great slaughter of them, though not without +<a name="Page_56" id="Page_56" ></a><span class="pagenum">[56]</span> +some losse of +his owne: for the Normans despairing of safetie, turned oftentimes +againe vpon their pursuers.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The earle of Mortaigne. <i>Eadmerus.</i> W. Crispine. W. Ferreis. +Robert de Estoutuille. The number slaine.</span> +Duke Robert and the earle of Mortaigne fighting most manfullie in the +verie prease of enimies, were taken or (as other saie) betraied, and +deliuered into their enimies hands: beside which twaine, William +Crispine, William Ferreis, Robert Estoutuille the elder, with foure +hundreth men of armes, and to the number of 10. thousand footmen were +taken. As for the number that were slaine in this battell, there is none +that declareth the certeintie: but yet it is reported by diuers writers, +that no one battell in those daies was sorer fought, nor with greater +bloudshed either in Normandie, or elsewhere.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Gemeticensis.</i></span> +Gemeticensis sheweth breefelie, that king Henrie was offended with his +brother duke Robert, for alienating the duchie of Normandie his +inheritance, & for wasting his reuenues with such riotous demeanour as +he vsed, so that he left himselfe nothing but the citie of Roan, which +he had not passed to haue giuen awaie also, if the citizens would +thereto haue granted their consent. The king (I saie) taking displeasure +herewith, went ouer into Normandie, and assuming a mightie power, first +besieged Baieux, & then halfe destroieng it, he tooke it by force. After +this he tooke Caen also, and then besieged a castell called Tenerchbray +perteining to the earle of Mortaigne, during which siege his brother +Robert, and the said earle of Mortaigne came with a great multitude of +people in hope to be reuenged of the king, and to chase him out of the +countrie. But the punishment of God fell so vpon them, that they were +both taken, and manie of their freends with them, as Robert de +Estoutuille, William de Crispine, and others, who were brought before +king Henrie as prisoners. ¶ Thus did almightie God grant vnto the king a +notable victorie without bloodshed, for he lost not a man: as for his +aduersaries, there died in the field not past three score persons.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Mal.</i></span> +This séemeth also to agree with that which Wil. Malmesburie writeth: for +he saith, that king Henrie with small adoo brought into his hands duke +Robert, who with a great troope of men came against him then lodging +néere the said castell of Tenerchbray. The earle of Mortaigne was also +<span class="rightnote">Robert de Belesme.</span> +taken, but the earle of Shrewsburie escaped by flight, notwithstanding +he was apprehended, as he went about to practise some priuie conspiracie +against the king. ¶ This battell was fought (as the same Wil. Malme. +<span class="rightnote">The 27. of September chro. de Nor.</span> +affirmeth) vpon a saturdaie, being the daie of S. Michaell, In gloria, +and (as maybe thought) by the prouident iudgment of God, to the end that +Normandie should be subdued vnto England on that daie, in the which 40. +yeares passed, king William the Conquerour first set foot on land at +Hastings, when he came out of Normandie to subdue England. Neither dooth +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +Simon Dunelmensis varie in anie thing from Gemeticensis touching the +conclusion of this businesse, and the taking of duke Robert.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. West.</i></span> +<span class="yearnote">1107.</span> +These wars being thus finished, and the countrie set in quiet, which +through the méere folie of duke Robert was woonderfullie impouerished, +the king receiued the keies of all the townes and castels that belonged +either to the duke or the earle of Mortaigne, and furnished the same +with garisons to be kept for his behoofe. Hauing thus pacified the +countrie of Normandie, he came to Bec or Bechellouin, where archbishop +Anselme then remained, whome by mediation of freends he receiued to +<span class="rightnote">Anselme returneth home.</span> +fauour againe, and sending him ouer into England, immediatlie after +followed himselfe.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Duke Robert prisoner in the castell of Cardiff. +<i>Gemeticensis.</i></span> +Duke Robert being also spoiled of his dominions, lands and liberties, +was shortlie committed to prison within the castell of Cardiff in Wales, +where he remained about the space of 26. yeares, and then died. He +gouerned the duchie of Normandie 19. yeares, he was a perfect and expert +warrior, & comparable with the best capiteines that then liued, had he +béene somwhat more warie and circumspect in his affaires, and +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +therewithall constant in his opinion. His worthie acts valiantlie and +fortunatlie atchiued against the infidels, are notified to the world by +manie and sundrie writers to his high commendation and long lasting +praise. It is said also, that he was after his taking once +<a name="Page_57" id="Page_57" ></a><span class="pagenum">[57]</span> +set at +libertie by king Henrie, and bound to forsweare the realme of England +and Normandie, being appointed to auoid within the space of 40. daies, +and twelue houres. But bicause he was perceiued to practise somewhat +against the king, he was eftsoones taken againe, and hauing his eies put +out, committed to prison, where finallie worne through age and gréefe of +mind, he ended his miserable life. ¶ The forme of banishing men out of +the realme, was ordeined by Edward the Confessor, and remained as a law +in vse till these our daies, for the benefit of them which fled to any +church or other priuiledged place, thereby to escape the punishment of +death due for their offenses. By a latter custome it was also deuised, +that they should beare a crosse in their hand, as a signe that they were +pardoned of life, for the holie place sake where they sought for +succour.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. West.</i></span> +But duke Robert (as it should appeere by that which others write) found +no such fauour, saue onlie libertie to walke abroad in the kings +forests, parks, and chases néere the place where he was appointed to +remaine; so that vpon a daie, as he was walking abroad, he got a horsse, +and with all post hast rode his waie, in hope to haue escaped: howbeit +his keepers being aduised thereof, followed him with hue and crie, and +at length ouertooke him in a medow, where he had laid his horsse vp to +the bellie in a quauemire. Then being brought backe, his keepers kept +him in close prison, aduertising the king of his demeanour: wherevpon he +commanded that the sight of his eies should be put out, but so, as the +balles of them should remaine unbroken, for the auoiding of a noisome +deformitie that otherwise would ensue, if the glassie tunicles should +take hurt.</p> + +<p>In his returne out of the holie land, he maried one Sibell, the earle of +Conuersans sister in Puglia, hir father hight Roger or Geffrey (as some +bookes haue) and was nephue to Robert Guyshard duke of Puglia, and by +<span class="rightnote"><i>Iohn Pike.</i></span> +hir had issue one sonne named William afterward earle of Flanders, +whereof (God willing) more shall be said hereafter.</p> + +<p>Here must I leaue duke Robert, and speake somwhat of Anselme the +archbishop, who shortlie after his returne into England, receiued +letters from pope Paschall, wherein Anselme was authorised to dispose +and order things as should séeme to him most expedient. Now, whereas the +greater and better part of the English clergie consisted of préests +sonnes, he committed to his discretion the order to dispense with them; +namelie, that such as were of commendable life and sufficient learning, +might be admitted to the ministerie, as the necessitie of time and state +of the church should require. The pope also by the same letters gaue +<span class="rightnote">Richard prior of Elie.</span> +Anselme authorise to absolue Richard the prior of Elie, vpon his +satisfaction pretermitted, and to restore him to the gouernement of the +priorie of Elie, if the king thought it conuenient.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1107.</span> +About the calends of August, in this yeare 1107, the king held a +councell of bishops, abbats, and other lords of his realme in his +pallace at London, where in the absence of Anselme, the matter touching +the inuestitures of churches, was argued vpon for the space of thrée +daies togither, and in the end bicause the pope had granted the homages +of bishops and other prelats to the king, which his predecessor Urban +had forbidden, togither with the inuestitures; the king was contented to +consent to the popes will in forbearing the same. So that when Anselme +was come, the king in presence of him and a great multitude of his +people, granted and ordeined, that from thenceforth no bishop nor abbat +should be inuested within the realme of England, by the hand either of +the king or any laie man: on the other side it was granted againe by +Anselme, that no person elected into the prelacie, should be depriued of +his consecration for dooing his homage to the king.</p> + +<p>These things thus ordred, the churches which through England had bin +long vacant, were prouided of gouernors, which were placed without any +inuestiture of staffe or ring. About this time, Anselme consecrated fiue +bishops at Canturburie in one day, archbishop +<a name="Page_58" id="Page_58" ></a><span class="pagenum">[58]</span> +William to the sée of +Winchester, Roger that was the kings chancellor to Salisburie, William +Warlewast to Excester, Remaline the quéenes chancellor to Hereford, and +one Urban to Glamorgan in Wales.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> <i>Ran. Higd.</i></span> +About this season a great part of Flanders being drowned by an +exundation or breaking in of the sea, a great number of Flemings came +into England, beséeching the king to haue some void place assigned them, +<span class="rightnote">Flemings cōming ouer into England, haue places appointed +them to inhabit.</span> +wherein they might inhabit. At the first they were appointed to the +countrie lieng on the east part of the riuer of Twéed: but within foure +yeres after, they were remooued into a corner by the sea side in Wales, +called Penbrokeshire, to the end they might be a defense there to the +English against the vnquiet Welshmen.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malms.</i></span> +¶ It should appeare by some writers, that this multitude of Flemings +consisted not of such onelie as came ouer about that time by reason +their countrie was ouerflowne with the sea (as ye haue heard) but of +other also that arriued here long before, euen in the daies of William +the Conquerour, through the freendship of the quéene their +countriewoman, sithens which time their number so increased, that the +realme of England was sore pestered with them: wherevpon king Henrie +deuised to place them in Penbrokeshire, as well to auoid them out of the +other parts of England, as also by their helpe to tame the bold and +presumptuous fiercenesse of the Welshmen. Which thing in those parties +they brought verie well to passe: for after they were setled there, they +valiantlie resisted their enimies, and made verie sharpe warres vpon +them, sometimes with gaine, and sometimes with losse.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1108. <br /> +An. Reg. 9.</span> +<span class="rightnote">A councell. <i>Sim. Dunel.</i> <i>Eadmerus.</i></span> +In the yeare 1108. Anselme held an other synod or councell, whereat in +presence of the king, and by the assent of the earles and barons of the +realme it was ordeined.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Préests are sequestred frō their wiues.</span> +1 That préests, deacons, and subdeacons should liue chastlie, and kéepe +no women in their houses, except such as were neere of kin to them.</p> + +<p>2 That such preests, deacons, and subdeacons, as contrarie to the +inhibition of the councell holden at London, had either kept their +wiues, or married other (of whom as Eadmerus saith, there was no small +number) they should put them quite away, if they would continue still in +their préesthood.</p> + +<p>3 That neither the same wiues should come to their houses, nor they to +the houses where their wiues dwelled: but if they had any thing to say +to them, they should take two or thrée witnesses, and talke with them +abroad in the street.</p> + +<p>4 That if any of them chanced to be accused of breaking this ordinance, +he should be driuen to purge himselfe with six sufficient witnesses of +his owne order, if he were a préest: if a deacon, with foure: and if a +subdeacon, with two.</p> + +<p>5 That such preests as would forgo seruing at the altar, and holie order +(to remaine with their wiues) should be depriued of their benefices, and +not suffered to come within the quire.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Archdeacons and canons.</span> +6 That such as contemptuouslie kept still their wiues, and presumed to +say masse, if being called to satisfaction, they should neglect it, they +should then be excommunicated. Within compasse of which sentence all +archdeacons and prebendarie canons were comprised, both touching the +forgoing of their women, and auoiding of their companie; and also the +punishment by the censures of the church, if they transgressed the +ordinance.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Archdeacons to be sworn.</span> +7 That euerie archdeacon should be sworne, not to take any monie for +fauouring any person transgressing these statutes: and that they should +not suffer any preests, whome they knew to haue wiues, either to say +masse, or to haue any vicars. The like oth should a deane receiue. +Prouided that such archdeacons or deanes as refused this oth, should be +depriued of their roomes.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Penance.</span> +8 That préests, who leauing their wiues, would be content to serue God & +the altar, should be suspended from that office, by the space of fortie +daies, and be allowed to haue vicars in the meane time to serue for +them: and after, vpon performance of their inioined penance by the +bishop, they might return to their function.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59" ></a><span class="pagenum">[59]</span> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> <br /> +Philip king of Fran. dead. <br /> +Lewis le gros K. of +France.</span> +In this meane time king Henrie being aduertised of the death of Philip +king of France, and not knowing what his sonne Lewes, surnamed Crassus +might happilie attempt in his new preferment to the crowne, sailed ouer +into Normandie, to see the countrie in good order, and the townes, +castels, and fortresses furnished accordinglie as the doubtfull time +required. Now after he had finished his businesse on that side, he +returned into England, where he met with ambassadours sent to him from +<span class="rightnote">Ambassadors from the emperour.</span> +the emperour Henrie. The effect of whose message was, to require his +daughter Maud in mariage vnto the said emperour, wherevnto (though she +was not then past fiue yeares of age) he willinglie consented, and +<span class="rightnote">Maud the kings daughter fianced vnto the emperour.</span> +shewing to the ambassadours great signes of loue, he caused the +espousals by waie of procuration to be solemnized with great feasts and +triumphs. This being ended, he suffered the ambassadors honored with +great gifts and princelie rewards to depart.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Eadmerus.</i> The death of Gerard archbishop of Yorke. Thomas +the kings chapleine succéeded in that sée.</span> +About this time Gerard archbishop of Yorke died, whom one Thomas the +kings chapleine succeeded, who for lacke of monie to furnish his +iournie, and for other causes (as in his letters of excuse, which he +wrot to Anselme it dooth appeere) could not come to Canturburie for to +be consecrated of him in so short a time as was conuenient. But Anselme +at length admonished him by letters, that without delaie he should +dispatch and come to be consecrated. And wheras Anselme vnderstood that +<span class="rightnote">The doubt of Anselme.</span> +the same Thomas was purposed to send vnto Rome for his pall, he doubted, +least if the pope should confirme him in his see by sending to him his +pall, he would happilie refuse to make vnto him profession of his due +obedience. Wherefore to preuent that matter, Anselme wrote to pope +<span class="rightnote">Anselme writeth to the Pope.</span> +Paschall, requiring him in no wise to send vnto the nominated archbishop +of Yorke his pall, till he had (according<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> to the ancient customes) made +profession to him of subiection, least some troublesome contentions +might thereof arise, to the no small disquieting of the English church. +He also aduertised pope Paschall, that bicause he permitted the emperour +to inuest bishops, and did not therefore excommunicate him, king Henrie +threatened, that without doubt he would resume the inuestitures into his +hands, thinking to hold them in quiet as well as he; and therefore +besought him to consider what his wisedome had to doo therein with +spéed, least that building which he had well erected, should vtterlie +decaie, & fall againe into irrecouerable ruine. For K. Henrie maketh +diligentlie inquirie (saith he) what order you take with the emperour.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The popes answer to Anselme.</span> +The pope receiuing and perusing these letters, wrote againe vnto Anselme +a verie freendlie answer concerning the archbishop of Yorke. And as for +suffering of the emperour to haue the inuestitures, he signified to him +that he neither did nor would suffer him to haue them: but that hauing +borne with him for a time, he now ment verie shortlie to cause him to +feele the weight of the spirituall sword of S. Peter, which alreadie he +had drawen out of the scaberd, therewith to strike if he did not the +sooner forsake his horrible errour & naughtie opinion.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The archbishop of Yorke refuseth to come vnto Canturburie to +be consecrated.</span> +There was another cause also that moued Anselme to doubt of the +archbishop of Yorke his meaning, as after it appeered. For being +summoned to come and receiue his consecration at Canturburie (as +alreadie yee haue heard) through counsell of the canons Yorke he refused +so to doo: bicause they informed him that if he so did, it should be +greatlie preiudiciall to the liberties of that sée, whose archbishop was +of like authoritie in all things vnto the archbishop of Canturburie, so +that he was bound onelie to fetch his consecration and benediction at +Canturburie, but in no wise to acknowledge anie subiection vnto that +<span class="rightnote">Looke in the 15. pa. of the debate betwéene Thomas of Yorke<a name="FNanchor_3_4" id="FNanchor_3_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> & +Lanfranke of Canturburie.<a name="FNanchor_3_5" id="FNanchor_3_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a></span> +sée. ¶ For ye must vnderstand, that there was great stomaching betwixt +the clergie of the two prouinces, Canturburie and Yorke, about the +metropolitane prerogatiue: and euer as occasion serued, and as they +thought the fauor of the prince, or opportunitie of time might aduance +their quarels, they of Yorke sticked not to vtter their gréefes, in that +(as they tooke it) some iniurie was offered them therein.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1109.</span> +The archbishop of Yorke being thus instructed by the canons of his +church, signified to archbishop Anselme the cause why he came not at his +summons. The copie of a parcell whereof is here exemplified. "Causam, +qua differtur sacratio mea, quam nemo studiosius +<a name="Page_60" id="Page_60" ></a><span class="pagenum">[60]</span> +quàm ego vellet +accellerare, qui protulerunt, non desistunt corroborare. Quamobrem, quàm +periculosum & quàm turpe sit, contra consensum ecclesiæ, cui præfici +debeo, regimen ipsius inuadere, vestra discretio nouerit. Sed & quàm +formidabile & quàm sit euitandum, sub specie benedictionis maledictionem +induere," &c: that is;</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p>"The cause why my consecration is deferred, which no man liuing would +wish to be doone with more speed than I my selfe: those that haue +prolonged it, ceasse not to confirme. Wherefore how dangerous and how +dishonest it should be for me to inuade the gouernment of that church, +which I ought to rule, without cōsent of the same, your discretion +rightwell vnderstandeth. Yea and how dreadful a thing it is, and how +much to be auoided to receiue a cursse, vnder colour of a blessing," +etc.</p> +</div> + +<p>Anselme hauing alreadie written twice vnto the said Thomas archbishop of +Yorke about this matter, and now receiuing this answer, could not be +quiet in mind, and therevpon taking aduice with certeine bishops whom he +called vnto him, determined to send two bishops vnto the said Thomas of +<span class="rightnote">The bishop of London deane to the archbishop of Canturburie. +The bishop of Rochester his chapleine.</span> +Yorke: and so the bishop of London (as deane to the archbishop of +Canturburie) & the bishop of Rochester (as his household chapleine) were +sent to commune with him, who met them at his manour of Southwell, where +they declared to him the effect of their message: but he deferred his +answer, till a messenger which he had sent to the king (as then being in +Normandie) was returned, and so without any full answer the bishops came +backe againe.</p> + +<p>Howbeit shortlie after, there came to Canturburie a messenger on the +behalfe of the archbishop of Yorke, with letters inclosed vnder the +kings seale, by the tenour whereof the king commanded Anselme, that the +consecration of the archbishop of Yorke might staie till the feast of +Easter; and if he might returne into England by that daie, he promised +(by the aduice had therein of the bishops and barons of his realme) that +he would set a direction betwixt them in all matters, whereof anie +controuersie had beene moued heretofore: or if he could not returne so +soone, he would yet take such order, that brotherlie loue & concord +might remaine betwixt them. When he that brought these letters required +<span class="rightnote">A stout prelat.</span> +an answer, Anselme answered, that he would signifie his mind to the +king, and not to his maister. Immediatlie therefore as the deane of +Chichester sent ouer from Anselme, with a moonke of Bechellouin to the +king, to informe him of all the matter, and to beséech his maiestie, by +his authority to prouide, that no discord should rise to the diuiding of +the present state of the church of England. Furthermore, whereas he had +commanded him to grant vnto Thomas the archbishop of Yorke, a time of +respit; he should take for certeine answer, that he would rather suffer +<span class="rightnote">Anselme sendeth to the king.</span> +himselfe to be cut in peeces, than to grant so much as one hours space +on the said Thomas of Yorke, whom he knew alreadie to haue set himselfe +vniustlie against the ancient constitutions of holie fathers, and +against the Lord himselfe. The messengers declared these things to the +king, and brought word backe againe at their returne, that the king had +heard their message with fauourable mind, and promised by the power of +God, to declare to the world that he coueted vnitie, and not any +diuision in the church of England.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Anselme sick.</span> +All this while Anselme was detained with long and gréeuous sicknesse, +and yet not forgetfull of the obstinate dealing of Thomas of Yorke, he +wrote letters vnto him, by vertue whereof he suspended him from +exercising all pastorall function, till he had reformed his errour, +submitted himselfe to receiue his blessing, and acknowledged his +subiection to the church of Canturburie, as his predecessours Thomas and +Gerard had doone, and before them other ancients, as custome had +prescribed. Thus he charged him, vpon paine of cursing, except he would +renounce his archbishops dignitie: for in so dooing he did grant him +licence to vse the office and ministerie of a préest (which before time +he had taken vpon him) or else not.</p> + +<p>In the same letters he prohibited all the bishops within the precinct of +the Ile of Britaine, that in no wise they should consecrate him, vpon +paine of cursing: and if he should chance to be consecrated by any +<span class="rightnote">Letters from Anselme.</span> +stranger, that in no wise they should (vnder the +<a name="Page_61" id="Page_61" ></a><span class="pagenum">[61]</span> +like paine) receiue +him for archbishop, or communicate with him in any condition. Euerie +bishop also within the whole Ile of Britaine had a copie of these leters +directed to him from Anselme vnder his seale, commanding them to behaue +themselues therein according to the contents, and as they were bound by +the subiection which they owght to the church of Canturburie. The +letters were dated alike in March.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1109. <br /> +An. Reg. 10.</span> +Notwithstanding all this, vpon the 21. of Aprill insuing, Anselme ended +his life in the sixteenth yéere after his first preferment to that sée, +being thréescore and sixtéene yeeres of age. He was an Italian, borne in +Piemont, néere to the Alpes, in a citie called Aosta, he was brought vp +<span class="rightnote">Augusta Prætoriana.</span> +by Lanfranke, and before he was made archbishop, was abbat of the +monasterie of Bechellouin in Normandie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. West.</i> The first erection of the bishoprike of Elie. +<i>Eadmerus.</i></span> +About the same time was the bishops sée of Elie erected by the king, who +appointed one Haruie to be the first bishop there, who before had béene +bishop of Bangor. Cambridgeshire was annexed to that see, which bicause +it had of former time belonged to the see of Lincolne, the king gaue +vnto the bishop of Lincolne (as it were in recompense) the towne of +<span class="rightnote">Richard prior of Elie.</span> +Spalding which was his owne. The prior of Elie, named Richard, desirous +to honour himselfe and his house with the title of a bishops dignitie, +procured the erection of that bishoprike, first moouing the king +therein, and after persuading with the bishop of Lincolne to grant his +good will: but yet yer the matter was brought to perfection, this prior +died, and so the said Haruie enioied the roome: wherein the prouerbe +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +tooke place, that One soweth, but an other reapeth (as Polydor alledgeth +it.) But to procéed.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Eadmerus.</i></span> +Shortlie after the deceasse of Anselme, a Legat came from Rome, bringing +with him the pall for the archbishop of Yorke. Howbeit now that Anselme +<span class="rightnote">A legate from Rome.</span> +was dead, the said Legat wist not what to doo in the matter, bicause he +was appointed to deliuer the pall first and immediatlie vnto Anselme, +and further therein to deale (concerning the bestowing thereof) as +should séeme good vnto him.</p> + +<p>In the feast of Pentecost next insuing, the king returned from +Normandie, and held his court at London, where after the solemnitie of +that feast, he called an assemblie of the bishops, to vnderstand what +was to be doone in the matter, for the consecration of the archbishop of +Yorke. Here were the letters shewed which the archbishop Anselme had (a +little before his death) directed vnto euerie of the bishops as before +<span class="rightnote">The earle of Mellent.</span> +yee haue heard. Which when the earle of Mellent had read, and vnderstood +the effect, he asked what he was that durst receiue any such letters +without the kings assent and commandement: At length the bishops +<span class="rightnote">Samson bishop of Worcester.</span> +aduising themselues what they had to doo, required Samson bishop of +Worcester to declare his opinion, who boldlie spake these words; +"Although this man, who is elected archbishop, is my sonne, whome in +times past I begot of my wife, and therfore ought to seeke his +aduancement as nature and worldlie respects might mooue me: yet am I +more bound vnto the church of Canturburie, my mother, which hath +preferred me to this honor that I doo beare, and by the ministerie of a +bishoplike office hath made me partaker of that grace, which it hath +deserued to enioy of the Lord. Wherefore I would it should be notified +vnto you all, that I meane to obeie in euerie condition the commandement +conteined in the letters of our father Anselme concerning the matter +which you haue now in hand. For I will neuer giue mine assent, that +Thomas nominated archbishop of Yorke shall be consecrated, till he haue +professed his due and canonicall obedience touching his subiection to +<span class="rightnote">Looke in pa. 15, where you shall sée +this matter determined.<a name="FNanchor_3_6" id="FNanchor_3_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a></span> +the church of Canturburie. For I my selfe was present when my brother +Thomas archbishop of Yorke, constreined both by ancient customes and +inuincible reasons, did professe the like subiection vnto archbishop +Lanfranke, and all his successours the archbishops of Canturburie."</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The protestations of the bishops to the king.</span> +These words thus vttered by the bishop of Worcester, all the bishops +returned togither, comming before the kings presence, boldlie confessed +that they had receiued Anselmes letters, and would not doo any thing +contrarie to the tenour of the same. Whereat the earle of Mellent shooke +the head, as though he ment to accuse them of contempt towards +<a name="Page_62" id="Page_62" ></a><span class="pagenum">[62]</span> +the +king. But the king himselfe vttered his mind, and said, that whatsoeuer +other men thought of the matter, he suerlie was of the like mind with +the bishops, & would be loth to run in danger of Anselms cursse. +Wherefore it was determined, that the elect of Yorke should either +acknowledge his subiection to the church of Canturburie, or else forgo +his dignitie of archbishop: wherevpon in the end he came to London, and +there vpon the 28. daie of Maie was consecrated by Richard bishop of +London, as deane to the sée of Canturburie. Then hauing the profession +or protestation of his subiection to the sée of Canturburie deliuered +him vnder seale, he brake vp the same, and read the writing in maner and +forme following:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The tenour of the profession which the archbishop of Yorke +made vnto the archbishop of Canturburie.</span> +"Ego Thomas Eboracensis ecclesiæ consecrandus metropolitanus, profiteor +subiectionem & canonicam obedientiam sanctæ Dorobernensi ecclesiæ, & +eiusdem ecclesiæ primati canonicè electo & consecrato, & successoribus +suis canonicè inthronizatis, salua fidelitate domini mei Henrici regis +Anglorum, & salua obedientia ex parte mea tenenda, quam Thomas +antecessor meus sanctæ Romanæ ecclesiæ ex parte sua professus est:" that +is;</p> + +<p>"I Thomas to be consecrated metropolitane archbishop of Yorke, professe +my subiection and canonicall obedience vnto the holie church of +Canturburie, and to the primate of the same church, canonicallie elected +and consecrated, and to his successours canonicallie inthronized, sauing +the faith which I owe vnto my souereigne lord Henrie king of the +English, and sauing the obedience to be holden of my part, which Thomas +my predecessour professed on his behalfe vnto the holie church of Rome."</p> +</div> + +<p>When this writing was read, the bishop of London tooke it, and deliuered +it vnto the prior of Canturburie, appointing him to kéepe the same as a +<span class="yearnote">1110.</span> +testimoniall for the time to come. Thus was Thomas the archbishop of +Yorke consecrated, being the 27. in number that had gouerned that sée, +who when he was consecrated, the popes Legate went vnto Yorke, and there +deliuered to the same archbishop the pall, wherewith when he was +inuested, he departed and returned to Rome, as he was appointed.</p> + +<p>At the feast of Christmasse next insuing, the king held his court at +London with great solemnitie. The archbishop of Yorke prepared to haue +set the crown on the king's head, and to haue soong masse afore him, +bicause the archbishops see at Canturburie was void. But the bishop of +London would not suffer it, claiming as high deane to the sée of +Canturburie to execute that office, and so did, leading the king to the +<span class="rightnote">Strife betwixt bishops.</span> +church after the maner. Howbeit when they should come to sit downe at +dinner, there kindled a strife betwixt the said two bishops about their +places, bicause the bishop of London, for that he had beene ordeined +long before the archbishop, and therefore not onelie as deane to the see +of Canturburie, but also by reason of prioritie, pretended to haue the +vpper seat. But the king perceiuing their maner, would not heare them, +but commanded them out of his house, and get them to dinner at their +innes.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 11.</span> +About the same time the cause of the mariage of préests and their +keeping of women came againe into question, so that by the kings +<span class="rightnote">Préests prohibited to marrie or kéepe women.</span> +commandement, they were more streightlie forbidden the companie of women +than before in Anselmes time. For after his deceasse, diuerse of them +(as it were promising to themselues a new libertie to doo that which in +his life time they were constreined sore against their willes to +forbeare) deceiued themselues by their hastie dealing. For the king +being informed thereof, by the force of the ecclesiasticall lawes +compelled them to stand to and obeie the decree of the councell holden +at London by Anselme (as before ye haue heard) at least wise in the +sight of men. But if so it be (saieth Eadmerus) that the préests attempt +to doo worsse, as it were to the condemnation and reproofe of Anselmes +dooings, let the charge light on their heads, sith euerie man shall +beare his owne burthen: for I know (saith he) that if fornicatours and +adulterers God will iudge, the abusers of their one cousins (I will not +say their owne sisters and daughters) shall not suerlie escape his +iudgement.</p> + +<p><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63" ></a><span class="pagenum">[63]</span> +<span class="rightnote">The riuer of Trent dried vp.</span> +About the same time manie woonders were seene and heard of. The riuer of +Trent néere to Notingham, for the space of a mile ceassed to run the +woonted course during the time of foure & twentie houres, so that the +chanell being dried vp, men might passe ouer to and fro drie shod.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Monsters.<br /> +A comet. <i>Wil. Thorne.</i> <i>Matth. West.</i></span> +Also a sow brought foorth a pig with a face like a man, & a chicken was +hatched with foure feet. Moreouer a comet or blasing star appéered in a +strange sort: for rising in the east, when it once came aloft in the +firmament, it kept not the course forward, but seemed to go backeward, +as if it had bin retrograde.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Iohn Stow.</i> Robert the kings base son created earle of +Glocester.</span> +About this season the king maried Robert his base sonne to the ladie +Maud, daughter and heire to Robert Fitzham, and withall made his said +sonne earle of Glocester, who afterwards builded the castels of Bristow +and Cardiff, with the priorie of S. James in Bristow, where his bodie +was buried.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1111. <br /> +An. Reg. 12.</span> +In the yeare following, Foulke earle of Aniou, enuieng the prosperous +estate of king Henrie, and lamenting the case of duke Robert, wan the +<span class="rightnote"><i>Fabian.</i> The citie of Constances<a name="FNanchor_3_7" id="FNanchor_3_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> taken. +The king passeth into Normandie.</span> +citie of Constances, by corrupting certeine of the kings subiects the +inhabitants of the same. Whereof king Henrie being aduertised, passed +ouer into Normandie, recouered the said citie, punished the offenders, +reuenged himselfe of the earle, and returned into England.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1112.</span> +Now, as also before, the king continued his inordinate desire of +inriching himselfe, for the fulfilling of which hungrie appetite (called +<i>Sacra</i> of the poets <i>Per antiphrasin</i>) he pinched manie so sore, that +they ceased not to speake verie ill of his dooings. He did also incurre +the misliking of verie manie people, bicause he kept still the sée of +Canturburie in his hands, and would not bestow it, for that he found +sweetnesse in all the profits and reuenues belonging therevnto, during +<span class="rightnote">The archbishops sée of Canturburie in the kings hand foure +years.</span> +the time that it remained vacant, which was the space of foure yeares, +<span class="yearnote">1113. <br /> +An. Reg. 13.</span> +or thereabouts. In like maner, when he was admonished to place some méet +man in the roome, he would saie, that he was willing to bestow it, but +he tooke the longer time, for that he meant to find such a one to prefer +therto as should not be too far behind Lanfranke and Anselme in +doctrine, vertue and wisedome. And sith there was none such yet to be +found, he suffered that sée to be void till such could be prouided. This +<span class="rightnote">The kings excuse.</span> +excuse he pretended, as though he were more carefull for the placing of +a worthie man, than of the gaine that followed during the time of the +<span class="yearnote">1114. <br /> +An. Reg. 14.</span> +vacation. Howbeit not long after, he translated one Richard bishop of +London to that archbishoprike, who enioieng it but a while, he gaue the +<span class="rightnote"><i>Eadmerus.</i></span> +same to one Rafe then bishop of Rochester, and made him archbishop of +Canturburie, being the 35. in order that ruled that see. He was elected +at Windsor the 26. daie of Aprill, and on the 16. daie of Maie installed +at Canturburie, great preparation being made for the feast which was +holden at the same. Soone after likewise he sent for his pall to Rome, +which was brought from Paschall by one Anselme nephue vnto the late +<span class="rightnote">The popes authoritie not regarded in England.</span> +archbishop Anselme. About this time also the pope found himselfe +gréeued, for that his authoritie was but little estéemed in England, & +for that no persons were permitted to appeale to Rome in cases of +controuersie, and for that (without seeking to obteine his licence and +consent) they did kéepe their synods & councels about ecclesiasticall +affaires, neither would obeie such Legats as he did send, nor come to +the conuocations which they held. In so much that one Cono the popes +Legat in France had excommunicated all the préests of Normandie, bicause +they would not come to a synod which they had summoned. Wherevpon the +king being somewhat troubled, by aduice of his councell, sent the bishop +<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Excester sent to Rome.</span> +of Excester to Rome, (though he were then blind) to talke with the pope +concerning that matter.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Thurstane archbishop of Yorke.</span> +Not long after this Thomas the archbishop of Yorke died: after whom +succeeded Thurstane, a man of a loftie stomach, but yet of notable +learning, who euen at the verie first began to contend with Rafe the +archbishop of Canturburie about the title and right of the primasie. And +though the king aduised him to stand to the order which the late +archbishops of Yorke had obserued, yet he would not staie the matter, +<a name="Page_64" id="Page_64" ></a><span class="pagenum">[64]</span> +sith he saw that archbishop Rafe being sicke and diseased, could not +attend to preuent his dooings. Thurstane therfore consecrated certeine +<span class="rightnote">Giles Aldane bishop of S. Ninian.</span> +bishops of Scotland, and first of all Giles Aldane the elect bishop of +S. Ninian, who promised and tooke his oth (as the manner is) to obeie +him in all things as his primate.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Floriacensis.</i> <i>Wigorniensis.</i><br /> +Worcester burnt.<br /> +<i>Polydor.</i><br /> +The Welshmen inuade the english marshes. K. Henrie entreth into Wales +with an armie.</span> +The citie of Worcester about this season was by a casuall fire almost +wholie burnt vp and consumed. Which mishap, bicause that citie ioineth +néere vnto Wales, was thought to be a signification of troubles to folow +by the insurrection of the Welshmen: who conceiuing hope of good speed +by their good successe in the wars held with William Rufus, began now to +inuade & waste the English marshes. Whervpon king Henrie desirous to +tame their hautie stomachs (bicause it was a gréefe to him still to be +vexed with such tumults and vprisings as they dailie procured) assembled +a mightie armie and went into Wales. Now bicause he knew the Welshmen +trusted more to the woods and mountains, than to their owne strength, he +beset all the places of their refuge with armed men, and sent into the +woods certeine bands to laie them waste, & to hunt the Welsh out of +their holes. The soldiours (for their parts) néeded no exhortation: for +remembring the losses susteined afore time at the Welshmens hands, they +shewed well by their fresh pursute, how much they desired to be +reuenged, so that the Welsh were slaine on each hand, and that in great +numbers, till the king perceiued the huge slaughter, & saw that hauing +throwne away their armour and weapons, they sought to saue themselues by +flight, he commanded the souldiours to ceasse from killing, and to take +the residue that were left prisoners, if they would yéeld themselues: +which they did, and besought the king of his mercie and grace to pardon +and forgiue them.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Garisons placed in Wales by K. Henrie. <i>Floriacensis.</i> +<i>Wigorniensis.</i></span> +The king thus hauing vanquished and ouercome the Welshmen, placed +garisons in sundrie townes & castels, where he thought most necessarie, +and then returned to London with great triumph. Thither shortlie after +came ambassadours from the emperour, requiring the kings daughter +affianced (as before you haue heard) vnto him, and (being<a name="FNanchor_3_8" id="FNanchor_3_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> now viripotent +or mariable) desired that she might be deliuered vnto them. King Henrie +hailing heard their sute and willing with spéed to performe the same, +<span class="rightnote">A subsidie raised by the king to bestowe with his daughter. +<i>Hen. Hunt.</i> <i>Polydor.</i></span> +raised a great tax among his subiects, rated after euerie hide of land +which they held, & taking of ech one thrée shillings towards the paiment +of the monie which was couenanted to be giuen with hir at the time of +the contract. Which when the king had leuied, with much more, towards +the charges to be emploied in sending hir foorth, he appointed certeine +of his greatest péeres to safe conduct hir vnto hir husband, who with +all conuenient speed conueied hir into Germanie, and in verie honorable +maner there deliuered hir vnto the foresaid emperour. After this, the +<span class="rightnote">The king goeth ouer into Normandie.</span> +king went into Normandie, and there created his sonne William duke of +that countrie, causing the people to sweare fealtie and obedience to +him, whereof rose a custome, that the kings of England from thencefoorth +(so long as Normandie remained in their hands) made euer their eldest +sonnes dukes of that countrie. When he had doone this with other his +businesse in Normandie, he returned into England.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1114.</span> +<span class="rightnote">The sea decreaseth. Wonders. <i>Wil. Thorne.</i></span> +In this yeare about the fiftéenth daie of October, the sea so decreased +and shranke from the old accustomed water-markes and coasts of the land +here in this realme, that a man might haue passed on foot ouer the sands +and washes, for the space of a whole daie togither, so that it was taken +for a great woonder. It was also noted, that the maine riuers (which by +the tides of the sea vsed to ebbe and flow twice in 24. houres) became +so shallow, that in many places men might go ouer them without danger, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i> <i>Ran. Higd.</i> <i>Matth. Westm.</i></span> +and namlie the riuer of Thames was so lowe for the space of a day and a +night, that horsses, men, and children passed ouer it betwixt London +bridge and the tower, and also vnder the bridge, the water not reaching +aboue their knées. Moreouer, in the moneth of December, the aire +<span class="yearnote">1115. <br /> +An. Reg. 16.</span> +appeared red, as though it had burned. In like maner, the Winter was +verie extreame cold with frosts, by reason whereof at the thawing and +<a name="Page_65" id="Page_65" ></a><span class="pagenum">[65]</span> +breaking of the yce, the most part of all the bridges in England were +broken and borne downe.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1116. <br /> +An. Reg. 17.</span> +<span class="rightnote">Griffin ap Rice dooth much hurt on the marshes. <i>Polydor.</i></span> +Not long after this, Griffin ap Rees tooke a great preie and bootie out +of the countries subiect to the king within the limits of Wales, and +burned the kings castels, bicause he would not restore such lands and +possessions vnto him as apperteined to his father Rées or Rice. Howbeit, +the king (notwithstanding this businesse) being not otherwise troubled +with any other warres or weightie affaires, deferred his voiage into +those quarters, and first called a councell of his lords both spirituall +and temporall at Salisburie on the nintéenth daie of March, wherein +manie things were ordeined for the wealth and quiet state of the land. +And first he sware the Nobilitie of the realme, that they should be true +to him and his sonne William after his deceasse. Secondlie, he appeased +sundrie matters then in controuersie betwixt the Nobles and great Péers, +causing the same to be brought to an end, and the parties made freends: +the diuision betwixt the archbishops of Yorke and Canturburie (which had +long depended in triall, and could not as yet haue end) excepted. For +ambitious Thurstane would not stand to any decrée or order therin, +except he might haue had his whole will, so that the king taking +displeasure with him for his obstinate demeanor, commanded him either to +<span class="rightnote">Thurstane refuseth to obey the kings pleasure. <i>Eadmerus.</i></span> +be conformable to the decrée made in Lanfranks time, or else to renounce +his miter, which to doo (rather than to acknowledge any subiection to +the archbishop of Canturburie) he séemed to be verie willing at the +first, but afterwards repented him of his speech passed in that behalfe. +Now when the councell was ended, and the king went ouer into Normandie, +he followed, trusting by some meanes to persuade the king, that he might +haue his furtherance to be consecrated, without recognizing any +obedience to the sée of Canturburie: but the king would not heare him, +whereby the matter rested long in sute, as heereafter shall appeare.</p> + +<p>¶ Hereby it is plaine (as Polydor saith) how the bishops in those daies +were blinded with couetousnesse and ambition, not considering that it +was their duties to despise such worldlie pompe, as the people regard, +and that their calling required a studious endeuour for the health of +such soules as fell to their charge. Neither yet remembred they the +simplicitie of Christ, and his contempt of worldlie dignitie, when he +refused to satisfie the humor of the people, who verie desirouslie would +haue made him a king, but withdrew himselfe, and departed to a mountaine +himselfe alone. They were rather infected with the ambition of the +apostles, contending one with another for the primasie, forgetting the +vocation whereto Christ had separated them, not to rule as kings ouer +the gentiles; but to submit their necks to the yokes of obedience, as +they had Christ their maister an example and president.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The first vse of parlements in England.</span> +¶ Here is to be noted, that before this time, the kings of England vsed +but seldome to call togither the states of the realme after any certeine +maner or generall kind of processe, to haue their consents in matters to +be decreed. But as the lords of the priuie councell in our time doo sit +onlie when necessitie requireth, so did they whensoeuer it pleased the +king to haue any conference with them. So that from this Henrie it may +be thought the first vse of the parlement to haue proceeded, which sith +that time hath remained in force, and is continued vnto our times, +insomuch that whatsoeuer is to be decreed touching the state of the +commonwealth and conseruation thereof, is now referred to that councell. +And furthermore, if any thing be appointed by the king or any other +person to be vsed for the wealth of the realme, it shall not yet be +receiued as law, till by authoritie of this assemblie it be established.</p> + +<p>Now bicause the house should not be troubled with multitude of vnlearned +cōmoners, whose propertie is to vnderstand little reason, and yet to +conceiue well of their owne dooings: there was a certeine order taken, +what maner of ecclesiasticall persons, and what number and sort of +temporall men should be called vnto the same, and how they +<a name="Page_66" id="Page_66" ></a><span class="pagenum">[66]</span> +should be +chosen by voices of free holders, that being as atturnies for their +countries, that which they confessed or denied, should bind the residue +of the realme to receiue it as a law. This counsell is called a +parlement, by the French word, for so the Frenchmen call their publike +assemblies.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The maner of the parlement in England</span> +The maner of their consulting heere in England in their said assemblies +of parlement is on this wise. Whereas they haue to intreat of matters +touching the commoditie both of the prince and of the people, that +euerie man may haue free libertie to vtter what he thinketh, they are +appointed to sit in seuerall chambers, the king, the bishops, and lords +of the realme sit in one chamber to conferre togither by themselues; and +the commoners called knights for the shires, citizens of cities, and +burgesses of good townes in another. These choose some wise, eloquent, +and learned man to be their prolocutor or speaker (as they terme him) +who propoundeth those things vnto them that are to be talked of, and +asketh euerie mans opinion concerning the conclusion thereof. In like +sort, when any thing is agreed vpon, and decreed by them in this place +(which they call the lower house in respect of their estate) he +declareth it againe to the lords that sit in the other chamber called +the higher house, demanding likewise their iudgments touching the same. +For nothing is ratified there, except it be agreed vpon by the consent +of the more part of both those houses. Now when they haue said their +minds, and yeelded their confirmation therevnto, the finall ratification +is referred to the prince; so that if he thinke good that it shall passe +for a law, he confirmeth also by the mouth of the lord Chancelor of the +realme, who is prolocutor to the lords alwaies by the custome of that +house.</p> + +<p>The same order is vsed also by the bishops and spiritualtie in their +conuocation houses. For the bishops sit in one place by themselues as in +the higher house, and the deanes, archdeacons, and other procurators of +the spiritualtie in an other, as in the lower house, whose prolocutor +declareth to the bishops what is agreed vpon by them. Then the +archbishop (by consent of the more part of them that are assembled in +both those conuocation houses) ratifieth and pronounceth their decrees +for lawes, remitting (notwithstanding) the finall ratification of them +to the temporall houses.</p> + +<p>This is the order of the lawgiuing of England; and in such decrees +(established by authoritie of the prince, the lords spirituall and +temporall, and the commons of this realme thus assembled in parlement) +consisteth the whole force of our English lawes. Which decrees are +called statutes, meaning by that name, that the same should stand firme +and stable, and not be repealed without the consent of an other +parlement, and that vpon good and great consideration.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p>About this season, one Owin (whome some name prince of Wales) was +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +slaine, as Simon Dunelmen. writeth, but by whom, or in what sort, he +sheweth not. In this eightéenth yeare of king Henries reigne, on All +hallowes daie, or first of Nouember, great lightning, thunder, and such +a storme of haile fell, that the people were maruellouslie amazed +therwith. Also on the thirtéenth of December, there happened a great +earthquake, and the moone was turned into a bloodie colour: which +strange accidents fell about the middest of the night. At the same time +quéene Maud, wife to king Henrie departed this life. But now to returne +to other dooings.</p> + +<p>It chanced vpon a small occasion, that verie sore and dangerous warres +followed out of hand, betwixt king Henrie and Lewes surnamed the grosse +<span class="rightnote">Theobald erle of Champaigne. <i>Polydor.</i></span> +king of France: the beginning whereof grew herevpon. Theobald earle of +Champaigne, descended of the earles of Blois, was linked in amitie with +king Henrie, by reason of affinitie that was betwixt them (for Stephan +the earle of Blois married ladie Adila the sister of king Henrie.) Now +it happened, that the foresaid Theobald had by chance offended the said +Lewes, who in reuenge made sharpe warres vpon him. But earle Theobald +hoping for aid to be sent from his fréends in the meane time valiantlie +<span class="rightnote"><i>Hen. Hunt.</i></span> +resisted him, and at length (by reason of a power of men which came to +him from king Henrie) in such sort vexed and annoied the +<a name="Page_67" id="Page_67" ></a><span class="pagenum">[67]</span> +French king, +<span class="rightnote">Foulke earle of Aniou.</span> +that he consulted with Baldwine earle of Flanders, and Foulke earle of +Aniou, by what means he might best depriue king Henrie of his duchie of +Normandie, and restore the same vnto William the sonne of duke Robert, +vnto whom of right he said it did belong.</p> + +<p>Now king Henrie hauing intelligence of his whole purpose, endeauoured on +the otherside to resist his attempts, and after he had leuied a sore +tribute of his subiects, passed ouer into Normandie with a great power, +<span class="rightnote">King Henrie passeth ouer into Normandie to assist the erle of +Champaigne.</span> +and no small masse of monie, where ioining with earle Theobald, they +began to prepare for warre, purposing to follow the same euen to the +vttermost. K. Lewes in the meane time, supposing that all hope of +victorie rested in spéedie dispatch of present affaires, determined +likewise to haue inuaded Normandie vpon the sudden. But after he +perceiued that his enimies were all in a redinesse, and verie well +prouided to resist him: he staied and drew backe a little while. +Neuerthelesse in the end he became so desirous to be dooing with king +<span class="rightnote">The French K. inuadeth Normandie.</span> +Henrie, that approching néere vnto the confines of Normandie, he made +manie skirmishes with the English, yet no notable exploit passed betwixt +them in that yeare.</p> + +<p>¶ Here will I leaue the kings of England and France skirmishing and +encountring one another, and shew something more of the contention that +was betwéene the archbishops of Canturburie and Yorke, to the end that +their ambitious desire of worldlie honor may in some respect appéere.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1117. <br /> +An. Reg. 18.</span> +About this verie time, Anselme the nephue to archbishop Anselme came +<span class="rightnote">Anselme the popes legat.</span> +againe from Rome, with frée authoritie to execute the office of the +popes legat in England: which seemed a thing right strange to the +English clergie. Wherefore the bishop of Canturburie, to preuent other +<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Canturburie goth to Rome</span> +inconueniences likelie to insue, tooke vpon him to go vnto Rome, to +vnderstand the popes pleasure concerning the truth and certeintie of +this matter, and to require him in no wise to diminish the authoritie or +to extenuat the prerogatiue of his sée of Canturburie, which hitherto +vsed to determine all causes rising in his prouince.</p> + +<p>This said archbishop came to Rome, but finding not the pope there, he +sent messengers with letters vnto him, then lieng sicke at Beneuento, +and obteined a fauourable answer, wherewith returning towards England, +he came to the king at Roan (where he had left him at his setting foorth +forward) certifieng him how he had sped in this voiage. The forsaid +Anselme was also staid by the king at Roan, and could not be suffered to +passe ouer into England all that time, till it might be vnderstood by +the returne of the archbishop, what the popes pleasure should be further +in that matter. Shortlie after whose repaire to the king, word was +<span class="rightnote">Pope Gelasius succéeded pope<a name="FNanchor_3_9" id="FNanchor_3_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a> Paschall.</span> +brought that pope Paschall was departed this life, and that Gelasius the +<span class="yearnote">1118. <br /> +An. Reg. 19.</span> +second was elected in his place. This Gelasius (to auoid the dangers +that might insue to him by reason of the schisme and controuersie +betwixt the sée of Rome, and the emperour Henrie the fift) came into +France, where he liued not long, but died in the abbeie of Clugnie, +<span class="rightnote">Carlixtus the second of that name pope.</span> +after whose decease Calixtus the second was called to the papasie.</p> + +<p>Thus by the chance and change of popes, the legatship of Anselme could +take no place, although his bulles permitted him without limitation or +time, not onelie to call and celebrate synods for reformation of +disorders in the church, but also for the receiuing of Peter pence to be +leuied in England (in the which point pope Paschall in his life time +thought them in England verie slacke) as by the same bulles more +largelie dooth appéere. The archbishop of Canturburie had alreadie +staied foure or fiue yeares in the parties beyond the sées, about the +matter in controuersie betwixt him and Thurstane archbishop of Yorke, +who was likewise gone ouer to solicit his cause. But where as at the +first he could not find the king in anie wise agréeable to his mind, yet +when the councell should be holden at Rhemes by pope Calixt, he sued at +the leastwise for licence to go thither: but he could neither haue any +grant so to doo, till he had promised (vpon his allegiance +<a name="Page_68" id="Page_68" ></a><span class="pagenum">[68]</span> +which he +ought to the king) not to attempt anie thing there that might be +preiudiciall to the church of Canturburie in anie maner of wise. +Neuerthelesse, at his comming thither, he so wrought with bribes and +large gifts, that the popes court (a thing easilie doone in Rome) +fauoured his cause; yea, such was his successe, that the pope +consecrated him with his owne hands, although king Henrie had giuen +notice to him of the controuersie depending betwixt Thurstane and Rafe +the archbishop of Canturburie, requiring him in no wise either to +consecrate Thurstane himselfe, or grant licence to anie other person to +consecrate him; for if he did, surelie (for his part) he would banish +him quite out of his dominion, which should not be long vndoone. But now +to the purpose.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1119. <br /> +An. Reg. 20.</span> +In this meane time, the warres were busilie pursued betwixt the two +<span class="rightnote">The two kings of England & France ioine battell.</span> +kings of England & France, and a battell was fought betweene them, with +great slaughter on both sides for the space of nine houres. The +forewards on both parties were beaten downe and ouerthrowne; and king +<span class="rightnote">King Henrie hurt in the battell.</span> +Henrie receiued sundrie stripes on his head at the hands of one William +Crispine countie de Eureux, so as (though his helmet were verie strong +and sure) the blood burst out of his mouth: wherewith he was nothing +afraid, but like a fierce lion laid more lustilie about him, and stroke +downe diuerse of his enimies, namelie the said Crispine, who was there +<span class="rightnote">The earle of Eureux taken prisoner.</span> +taken prisoner at the kings feet. Now were the kings people incouraged +at the valiancie and prowesse of their king and chieftaine, so that at +length they opened and ouercame the maine battell, and setting vpon the +rereward, ouerthrew the whole armie of France, which neuer recoiled, but +fought it out euen to the vttermost. There died and were taken prisoners +in this conflict manie thousands of men. The French king leauing the +<span class="rightnote">Andelei.<br /> +Nicasium.</span> +field, got him vnto a place called Andelie: and the king of England +recouering a towne by the waie called Nicasium, which the French king +had latelie woone, returned vnto Rouen, where he was with great triumph +receiued, and highlie commended for his noble victorie thus atchiued.</p> + +<p>The earle of Flanders (as some write) was so wounded in this battell, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i> <i>Ia. Meir.</i></span> +that he died thereof. But others affirme, that cōming into Normandie +in the yeare last past, to make warre against king Henrie in fauour of +king Lewes, he wan the towne of Andelie, and an other which they name +Aquæ Nicasij. But as he was come before the towne of Augen in the moneth +<span class="rightnote">The earle of Flanders wounded. He departed this life.</span> +of September, and assailed the same, he receiued his deaths wound in the +head, wherevpon returning home in the ninth moneth after, when he could +not be cured of his hurt, he departed this life at Rosilare the 17. daie +of June.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Foulke earle of Aniou became the king of Englands man.</span> +Shortlie after Foulke earle of Aniou (who before had aided the French +king against king Henrie) became now king Henries freend by aliance, +marieng his daughter to William king Henries eldest sonne. But the +French king (as their histories make mention) minding still to be +reuenged of the earle Theobald, inuaded his countrie againe with a +puissant armie, and had destroied the citie of Chartres, which belonged +vnto the same earle, had not the citizens humbled themselues to his +mercie: and so likewise did the earle, as may be thought. For in the +warres which immediatlie followed betwixt Lewes and the emperour Henrie, +the erle aided the French king against the same emperour to<a name="FNanchor_3_10" id="FNanchor_3_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a> the +<span class="rightnote">The king and the pope come to an enteruew at Gisors.</span> +vttermost of his power. Soone after this, the king came to an enteruiew +with pope Calixtus at Gisors, where manie matters were talked of betwixt +them: and amongst other, the king required of the pope a grant of all +such liberties as his father enioied within the limits of England and +Normandie, and chéefelie that no legat should haue any thing to doo +within England, except he required to haue one sent him for some vrgent +cause.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The pope is a suiter for Thurstane</span> +All which matters being determined (as the state of the time present +required) the pope besought the king to be good vnto archbishop +Thurstane, and to restore him to his sée: but the king protested that he +had vowed neuer so to doo whilest he liued. Wherevnto the pope answered, +<span class="rightnote">The pope offereth to discharge the K. of his vow.</span> +that he was pope, and by his apostolike power he would discharge him of +that vow, if he would satisfie his request. The king to shift the matter +off, +<a name="Page_69" id="Page_69" ></a><span class="pagenum">[69]</span> +promised the pope that he would take aduice of his councell, and +giue him further knowledge, as the cause required, wherevpon departing +<span class="rightnote"><i>Eadmerus.</i> The kings answer sent to the pope.</span> +from thense, he did afterwards (vpon farther deliberation) send him this +message, in effect as followeth.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p>"Whereas he saith he is pope, and will (as he said) assoile me of the +vow which I haue made, if contrarie thereto I will restore Thurstane to +the sée of Yorke: I thinke it not to stand with the honor of a king, to +consent in any wise vnto such an absolution. For who shall beléeue an +others promise hereafter, if by mine example he sée the same so easilie +by an absolution to be made void. But sith he hath so great a desire to +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i> <i>Eadmerus.</i></span> +haue Thurstane restored, I shall be contented at his request, to receiue +him to his sée, with this condition, that he shall acknowledge his +church to be subiect vnto the sée of Canturburie, as his predecessours +haue doone before him; although in fine this offer would not serue the +turne."</p> +</div> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1120. <br /> +An. Reg. 21.</span> +But now to returne againe to the two princes. Not long after the +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +departure of the pope from Gisors, Foulke earle of Aniou found meanes to +make an agreement betwixt king Henrie & king Lewes, so that king William +<span class="rightnote">The kings of England and France are accorded. <i>Wil. Malm.</i> +<i>Eadmerus.</i></span> +sonne to king Henrie did homage vnto king Lewes for the duchie of +Normandie. And further it was accorded betwéene them, that all those +that had borne armour either on the one side or the other, should be +pardoned, whose subiects<a name="FNanchor_3_11" id="FNanchor_3_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a> soeuer they were. In like maner, Rafe +archbishop of Canturburie returned into England, after he had remained +long in Normandie, bicause of the controuersie betwixt him and Thurstan +archbishop of Yorke, as is aforesaid.</p> + +<p>Now shortlie after his returne to Canturburie, messengers came with +letters from Alexander king of Scotland vnto him, signifieng, that where +<span class="rightnote">Alexander K. of Scots.</span> +the sée of S. Andrews was void, the same king did instantlie require him +to send ouer Eadmer a moonke of Canturburie (of whom he had heard great +commendation for his sufficiencie of vertue and learning) to be seated +there. ¶ This Eadmer is the same which wrote the historie intituled +Historia nouorum in Anglia, out of which (as may appeare) we haue +gathered the most part of our matters concerning Anselme and Rafe +<span class="rightnote">Eadmer Anselmes disciple.</span> +archbishops of Canturburie, in whose daies he liued, and was Anselmes +disciple.</p> + +<p>Archbishop Rafe was contented to satisfie the request of king Alexander +in that behalfe, and obteining the consent of king Henrie, he sent the +said Eadmer into Scotland with letters of commendation vnto the said +king Alexander, who receiued him right ioifullie, and vpon the third +daie after his comming thither (being the feast of the apostles Peter & +Paule) he was elected archbishop of S. Andrews by the clergie and people +of the land, to the great reioicing of Alexander, and the rest of the +Nobilitie. The next daie after the king talked with him secretlie of his +consecration, and vttered to him how he had no mind to haue him +consecrated at the hands of Thurstan archbishop of Yorke. In which case +when he was informed by the said Eadmer, that no such thing needed to +trouble his mind, since the archbishop of Canturburie, being primate of +all Britaine, might consecrate him as reason was; the king could not +away with that answer, bicause he would not heare that the church of +Canturburie should be preferred before the church of S. Andrews. +Herevpon he departed from Eadmer in displeasure, and calling one William +(sometime moonke of S. Edmundsbury) vnto him, a man also that had +gouerned (or rather spoiled) the church of S. Andrews in the vacation: +this William was commanded to take vpon him the charge thereof againe, +at the kings pleasure, whose meaning was vtterlie to remooue Eadmer, as +not worthie of that roome. Howbeit, within a moneth after (to satisfie +the minds of his Nobles) he called for the said Eadmer, and with much +<span class="rightnote">Eadmer receiueth his staffe from an altar.</span> +adoo got him to receiue the staffe of that bishoprike, taking it from an +altar whereon it laie (as if he shuld haue that dignitie at the Lords +hands) whereby he was inuested, & went streight to S. Andrews church, +where he was receiued by the quier, the schollers, and all the people, +for true and lawfull bishop.</p> + +<p>In this meane while Thurstan nothing slacking his sute in the popes +court, obteined such fauour (wherein the king of England also was +greatlie laboured vnto) that he wrote +<a name="Page_70" id="Page_70" ></a><span class="pagenum">[70]</span> +letters thrice vnto the king of +Scotland, and once vnto the archbishop of Canturburie, that neither the +king should permit Eadmer to be consecrated, nor the archbishop of +Canturburie in any wise consecrate him if he were therevnto required. +Herevpon it came to passe, that finally Eadmer, after he had remained in +Scotland twelue moneths or thereabouts, and perceiued that things went +not as he would haue wished (for that he could not get the kings consent +that he shuld be consecrated of the archbishop of Canturburie, as it was +first meant both by the archbishop and Eadmer) he departed out of +Scotland, and returned againe to Canturburie, there to take further +aduice in all things as cause should mooue him. In like maner king +<span class="rightnote">King Henrie returneth into England.<br /> +<i>Ran. Higd.</i> <i>Wil. Malm.</i> +<i>Polydor.</i> <i>Matth. Paris.</i><br /> +The kings sonnes and his daughter with other +Nobles are drowned by shipwracke.</span> +Henrie, hauing quieted his businesse in France, returned into England, +where he was receiued and welcomed home with great ioy and triumph; but +such publike reioising lasted not long with him. For indéed, this +pleasantnesse and mirth was changed into mourning, by aduertisement +giuen of the death of the kings sons, William duke of Normandie, and +Richard his brother, who togither with their sister the ladie Marie +countesse of Perch, Richard earle of Chester, with his brother Otwell +gouernour to duke William, and the said earle of Chester his wife the +kings neece, the archdeacon of Hereford, Geffrey Riddle, Robert Manduit, +William Bigot, and diuerse other, to the number of an hundreth and +fourtie persons, besides fiftie mariners, tooke ship at Harflew, +thinking to follow the king, and sailing foorth with a south wind, their +ship thorough negligence of the mariners (who had drunke out their wits +& reason) were throwne vpon a rocke, and vtterlie perished on the coast +of England, vpon the 25. of Nouember, so that of all the companie none +escaped but one butcher, who catching hold of the mast, was driuen with +the same to the shore which was at hand, and so saued from that +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +dangerous shipwracke. Duke William might also haue escaped verie well, +if pitie had not mooued him more than the regard of his owne +preseruation. For being gotten into the shipboat, and lanching toward +the land, he heard the skréeking of his sister in dredfull danger of +drowning, and crieng out for succour; wherevpon he commanded them that +rowed the boat to turne backe to the ship, and to take hir in. But such +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i> <i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +was the prease of the companie that stroue to leape in with her, that it +streightwaies sanke, so that all those which were alreadie in the boat +were cast awaie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Looke in page 39.<a name="FNanchor_3_13" id="FNanchor_3_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_13" class="fnanchor">[12]</a></span> +¶ Here (by the way) would be noted the vnaduised speech of William Rufus +to the shipmaister, whom he emboldened with a vaine and desperat +persuasion in tempestuous weather and high seas to hoise vp sailes; +adding (for further encouragement) that he neuer heard of any king that +was drowned. In which words (no doubt) he sinned presumptuouslie against +God, who in due time punished that offense of his in his posteritie and +kinred, euen by the same element, whose fearsenes he himselfe séemed so +little to regard, as if he would haue commanded the stormes to cease; as +we read Christ did in the gospell by the vertue and power of his word. +Here is also to be noted the variablenes of fortune (as we commonlie +call it) or rather the vncerteine and changeable euent of things, which +oftentimes dooth raise vp (euen in the<a name="FNanchor_3_12" id="FNanchor_3_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_12" class="fnanchor">[13]</a> minds of princes) troblesome +thoughts, and gréeuous passions, to the great empairing of their +quietnesse: as here we sée exemplified in king Henrie, whose mirth was +turned into mone, and his pleasures relished with pangs of pensifenes, +contrarie to his expectation when he was in the midst of his triumph at +his returne out of France into England. So that we see the old adage +verified, Miscentur tristia lætis; and that saieng of an old poet +iustified;</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza" style="margin-top: 1em;"> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Hesiod. in lib. cui tit. opera & dies.</i></span> +<span class="i0">"Sæua nouerca dies nunc est, nunc mater amica."<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1121. <br /> +An. Reg. 22</span> +But to returne to the historie. King Henrie being thus depriued of issue +to succeed him, did not a little lament that infortunate chance: but yet +to restore that losse, shortlie after, euen the 10. of Aprill next +ensuing, he maried his second wife named Adelicia, a ladie of excellent +<span class="rightnote"><i>Eadmerus.</i> <i>Hen. Hunt.</i> The king marieth againe.</span> +beautie, and noble conditions, daughter to the duke of Louaine, and +descended of the noble dukes of Loraine, howbeit he could neuer haue any +issue by hir. +<a name="Page_71" id="Page_71" ></a><span class="pagenum">[71]</span> +The archbishop Thurstan (after the manner of obteining +suites in the court of Rome) found such fauour at the hands of pope +Calixt, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Eadmerus.</i> The pope writeth to king Henrie, in fauour of the +archbishop Thurstan, & accurseth him with the archbishop of +Canturburie.</span> +that he directed his letters as well to king Henrie, as to Rafe +archbishop of Canturburie, by vertue whereof he accursed them both, and +interdicted as well the prouince of Yorke as Canturburie from the vse of +all maner of sacraments: from baptisme of infants, the penance of them +that died onelie excepted: if archbishop Thurstan were not suffered +(within one moneth next after the receipt of those letters) to inioie +his see, without compelling him to make any promise of subiection at +all. The king to be out of trouble, permitted Thurstan to returne into +the realme, and so repaire vnto Yorke; but with condition, that he +should not exercise any iurisdiction out of his owne diocesse as +metropolitane, till he had confessed his obstinat errour, and +acknowleged his obedience to the church of Canturburie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The Welshmen make sturres.<br /> +<i>Eadmerus.</i><br /> +The king raiseth an +armie to go against the Welshmen.</span> +Whilest these things were thus a dooing, king Henrie was aduertised, +that the Welshmen breaking the peace, did much hurt on the marshes, & +speciallie in Cheshire where they had burned two castells. Meaning +therefore to be reuenged on them to the vttermost, he assembled an armie +out of all parts of his realme, and entred with the same into Wales. The +Welshmen, hearing that the king was come with such puissance to inuade +them, were afraid, and forthwith sent ambassadours, beséeching him to +grant them pardon and peace. The king mooued with their humble +<span class="rightnote">The Welshmen sue for peace.</span> +petitions, tooke hostages of them, & remitted them for that time, +considering that in mainteining of warre against such maner of people, +there was more feare of losse than hope of gaine. But yet to prouide for +the quietnes of his subiects which inhabited néere the marshes, that +<span class="rightnote">More doubt of losse than hope of gaine, by the warres against +the Welshmen.</span> +they shuld not be ouerrun and harried dailie by them (as oftentimes +before they had béene) he appointed Warren earle of Shrewesburie to haue +the charge of the marshes, that peace might be the better kept and +mainteined in the countrie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i> +A chanell cast from Torksey to Lincolne.<br /> +Norham castell built. <i>H. Hunt.</i></span> +Soone after king Henrie caused a chanell to be cast along the countrie +in Lincolnshire, from Torksey to the citie of Lincolne, that vessels +might haue passage out of the riuer of Trent vnto the same. Moreouer, +Rafe bishop of Durham began to build the castell of +Norham, vpon the +bank of the riuer of Twéed.</p> + +<p>At this time likewise Foulke Earle of Aniou being now come out of the +holie land (whither he went after the peace was made betwixt king Henrie +and the French king) began to picke a quarrell against king Henrie, for +withholding the iointure of his daughter, who (as before you haue heard) +was married vnto William the kings sonne that was drowned. He also gaue +hir sister in mariage vnto William the sonne of duke Robert, assigning +vnto him the earledome of Maime to enioy in the right of his wife.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +In the meane time, king Henrie visited the north parts of his realme, to +vnderstand the state of the countrie, and to prouide for the suertie and +good gouernement thereof, as was thought requisite.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1122. <br /> +An. Reg. 23.</span> +<span class="rightnote">13. Kalends of Nouember.</span> +In the yeare next ensuing, the twentith of October, Rafe archbishop of +Canturburie departed this life, after he had ruled that see the space of +8. yeares, in whose roome succéeded one William archbishop, who was in +number the eight and twentith from Augustine. Moreouer, Henrie the sonne +of earle Blois, who before was abbat of Glastenburie, was now made +bishop of Winchester, a man for his singular bountie, gentlenesse and +modestie greatlie beloued of the English.</p> + +<p>But to returne to the affaires of the king. It chanced about this time, +that the parts beyond the sea (being<a name="FNanchor_3_14" id="FNanchor_3_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a> now void of a gouernour (as they +suppose) by meanes of the death of the kings sonne) began to make +<span class="yearnote">1123. <br /> +An. Reg. 24.</span> +commotions. Soone after it came also to passe that Robert earle of +<span class="rightnote">Robert earle of Mellent rebelleth.<br /> +<i>Hen. Hunt.</i><br /> +The castle of +Roan fortified. <i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +Mellent rebelled against the king, who being spéedilie aduertised +thereof, sailed foorthwith into those quarters, and besieged the castell +of Ponteaudemer perteining to the said earle, and tooke it. About the +same time also the king fortified the castell of Roan, causing a mightie +thick wall with turrets thereabout as a fortification to be made. +Likewise, he repaired the castell of Caen, the castels of Arches, +Gisors, +<a name="Page_72" id="Page_72" ></a><span class="pagenum">[72]</span> +Faleise, Argentone, Damfront, Vernon, Ambres, with others, & +<span class="yearnote">1124. <br /> +An. Reg. 25.</span> +made them strong. In the meane season, the earle of Mellent (desirous to +be reuenged of king Henrie) procured aid where he could, and so with +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> <i>H. Hunt.</i> <i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +Hugh earle of Mountfert entred into Normandie, wasting and destroieng +the countrie with fire and sword, thinking yer long to bring the same to +obedience. But the kings chamberlaine and lieutenant in those parts, +named William de Tankeruile, being thereof aduertised, laid an ambush +for them, and training them within the danger thereof, set vpon them, +and after long fight, tooke them twaine prisoners, with diuers other, +and presented them both vnto the king, whereby the warres ceassed in +that countrie for a time.</p> + +<p>The king hauing in this maner purchased quietnesse by the sword, gaue +himselfe somewhat to the reformation of his house, and among other +things which he redressed, he caused all his knights and men of warre to +<span class="rightnote">Long haire redressed in the court. <i>Matth. West.</i></span> +cut their haire short, after the maner of the Frenchmen, whereas before +they ware the same long after the vsage of women.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1125. <br /> +An. Reg. 26.</span> +After this also, in the yeare 1125. a cardinall named Johannes Cremensis +<span class="rightnote">Johannes Cremensis a legat sent into England.</span> +was sent into England from pope Honorius the second, to sée reformation +in certeine points touching the church: but his cheefe errand was to +correct preests that still kept their wiues with them. At his first +comming ouer he soiourned in colledges of cathedrall churches, and in +abbeies, addicting himselfe to lucre & wantonnesse, reaping where he had +not sowen. At length, about the feast of the natiuitie of our ladie, he +called a conuocation of the cleargie at London, where making an oration, +he inueihed sore against those of the spiritualtie that were spotted +with any note of incontinencie. Manie thought themselues touched with +his words, who hauing smelled somewhat of his secret tricks, that +whereas he was a most licentious liuer, and an vnchast person of bodie +and mind, vet he was so blinded, that he could not perceiue the beame in +his own eies, whilest he espied a mote in another mans. Herevpon they +grudged, that he should in such wise call other men to accompts for +their honest demeanor of life, which could not render any good reckoning +of his owne: insomuch that they watched him so narrowlie, that in the +euening (after he had blown his horne so lowd against other men; in +declaring that it was a shamefull vice to rise from the side of a +strumpet, and presume to sacrifice the bodie of Christ) he was taken in +bed with a strumpet, to his owne shame and reproch. But being reprooued +<span class="rightnote">But this shuld not séem to be any iust excuse, for <i>M.P.</i> +saith that the same day he consecrated the Lords bodie, & therefore he +must néeds be a préest.</span> +thereof, he alledged this excuse (as some write) that he was no preest, +but a reformer of preests. Howbeit to conclude, being thus defamed, he +got him backe to Rome againe from whence he came, without any +performance of that whereabout he was sent.</p> + +<p>But to returne to king Henrie, who whilest he remained in Normandie +(which was a long time after the apprehension of the two foresaid +earles) vnderstood that his sonne in lawe Henrie the emperour was +<span class="yearnote">1126. <br /> +An. Reg. 27.</span> +departed this life at Utregt, the 23. of Maie last past. Wherevpon he +sent for his daughter the empresse to come ouer vnto him into Normandie, +and hauing set his businesse in order on that side the sea, and taken +hir with him, he returned into England before the feast of S. Michaell, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> An oth taken by the lords touching the succession +of the crowne.</span> +where calling a parlement, he caused hir by the authoritie of the same +to be established as his lawfull heire and successor, with an article of +intaile vpon hir issue, if it should please God to send hir any at all. +At this parlement was Dauid K. of Scotland, who succéeded Alexander the +fierce. Stephan earle of Morton and Bullongne, and son of Stephan earle +of Blois, nephue to K. Henrie by his sister Adela; these two princes +chéefelie tooke their oth amongst other, to obey the foresaid empresse, +as touching hir right and lawfull claime to the crowne of England. But +<span class="rightnote">Stephan erle of Bullongne the first that offered to receiue +the oth.</span> +although Stephan was now the first that was to sweare, he became +shortlie after the first that brake that oth for his owne preferment. ¶ +Thus it commeth often to passe, that those which receiue the greatest +benefits, doo oftentimes soonest forget to be thankefull.</p> + +<p><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73" ></a><span class="pagenum">[73]</span> +This Stephan latelie before by his vncle K. Henries meanes, had +purchased & got in marriage the onelie daughter and heire of Eustace +earle of Bullongne, and so after the decease of his father in lawe, +became earle there: and further, had goodlie possessions in England +giuen him by the king, and yet (as farther shall appeare) he kept not +his oth made with K. Henrie. Some write that there rose no small strife +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +betwixt this earle Stephan, & Robert erle of Glocester, in contending +which of them should first receiue this oth: the one alledging that he +was a kings sonne, and the other affirming that he was a kings nephue.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1127.</span> +Shortlie after this parlement was ended, K. Henrie held his Christmas at +Windsor, where Thurstan archbishop of Yorke (in preiudice of the right +of William archbishop of Canturburie) would haue set the crowne vpon the +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +kings head, at his going to the church: but he was put backe with no +small reproch; and his chapleine (whom he appointed<a name="FNanchor_3_15" id="FNanchor_3_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a> to beare his crosse +<span class="rightnote">Strife betwixt the prelates for preheminence.</span> +before him at his entrance into the kings chappell) was contemptuouslie +and violentlie thrust out of the doores with crosse and all by the +fréends of the archbishop of Canturburie. In short time, this vnseemlie +contention betwixt Thurstan and William the two archbishops grew so hot +that not onelie both of them, but also the bishop of Lincolne went to +Rome about the deciding of their strife.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +In this yeare Charles earle of Flanders, the successor of earle Baldwin, +was traitorouslie murthered of his owne people: & bicause he left no +issue behind him to succéed as his heire, Lewes the French king made +William the sonne of duke Robert Curthose earle of Flanders, as the next +<span class="rightnote">William sonne to Robert Curthose made erle of Flanders</span> +cousine in bloud to the same Charles. ¶ Truth it is, that by his fathers +side, this William was descended from erle Baldwin surnamed Pius, whose +daughter Maud being maried vnto William Conqueror, bare by him the +aforesaid Robert Curthose, father to this William now aduanced to the +gouernment of Flanders, but he wanted not aduersaries that were +competitors and malignant sutors for that earledome, who sought to +preferre themselues, and to displace him.</p> + +<p>King Henrie misliking the promotion of the said William, although he was +his nephue, for that he supposed he would seeke to reuenge old +displeasures if he might compasse to haue the French kings assistance, +thought good with the aduice of his councell to withstand the worst. +Wherevpon he tooke order for the maintenance of the warre abroad, and +the supplie of souldiers, and other things necessarie to be considered +of for the suretie of his realme.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The empresse Maud married to the earle of Aniou. <i>Ger. Dor.</i></span> +After this, bicause he was in dispaire to haue issue by his second wife, +about Whitsuntide he sent ouer his daughter Maud the empresse into +Normandie, that she might be married vnto Geffrey Plantagenet earle of +Aniou, and in August after he followed himselfe. Now the matter went so +forward, that the mariage was celebrated betwixt the said earle and +empresse vpon the first sundaie in Aprill, which fell vpon the third of +the moneth, and in the 27. of his reigne.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 28.</span> +In the yeare ensuing, king Henrie meaning to cause the French king to +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +withdrawe his helping hand from his nephue William earle of Flanders, +passed foorth of Normandie with an armie, and inuading France, remained +<span class="yearnote">1128.</span> +for the space of eight daies at Hipard, in as good quiet as if he had +béene within his owne dominions, and finallie obteined that of the +French king which he sought for; namelie, his refusall to aid his nephue +the said earle of Flanders. Who at length contending with other that +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 29.</span> +claimed the earldome, chanced this yeare to be wounded, as he pursued +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ia. Meir.</i></span> +his enimies vnto the walls of a towne called Albust, and soone after +died of the hurt the 16. of August.</p> + +<p>¶ It was thought that the great felicitie of king Henrie was the chiefe +<span class="rightnote">William earle of Flanders deceaseth of a wound.</span> +occasion of this earles death, who meant (if he might haue brought his +purpose to passe, and be once quietlie set in the dominion of Flanders) +to haue attempted some great enterprise against king Henrie for the +<span class="rightnote">The fortunat & good hap of K. Henrie.</span> +recouerie of Normandie, and deliuerie of his father out of prison. Which +was knowen well inough to king Henrie, who mainteined those that made +him +<a name="Page_74" id="Page_74" ></a><span class="pagenum">[74]</span> +warre at home, both with men and monie; namelie, William of Hypres, +<span class="rightnote">William de Hypres.</span> +who tooke vpon him as regent in the name of Stephan earle of Bullongne, +whome king Henrie procured to make claime to Flanders also, in the title +of his grandmother queene Maud, wife to William Conqueror. But to +procéed with our historie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1129. <br /> +An. Reg. 30.</span> +When king Henrie had sped his businesse in Normandie, where he had +remained a certeine space, both about the conclusion and solemnizing of +the mariage made betwixt his daughter Maud the empresse and the earle of +Aniou, and also to see the end of the wars in Flanders, he now returned +into England, where he called a great councell or parlement at London, +<span class="yearnote">1130. <br /> +An. Reg. 31.</span> +in August: wherein (amongst other things) it was decreed, that préests, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i> <i>Polydor.</i> An act against vnchast préests.</span> +which liued vnchastlie, should be punished, and that by the kings +permission, who hereby tooke occasion to serue his owne turne: for he +regarded not the reformation which the bishops trusted (by his plaine +dealing) would haue followed, but put those préests to their fines that +were accused, and suffered them to kéepe their wiues still in house with +them, which offended the bishops greatlie, who would haue had them +sequestred asunder.</p> + +<p>After this parlement ended, the king kept his Christmasse at Worcester, +and his Eastermasse following at Woodstocke, where a certeine noble man +named Geffrey Clinton was accused to him of high treason. In this 31. +yeare of king Henries reigne, great death and murren of cattell began in +this land so vniuersallie in all places, that no towne nor village +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i> In nouella historia. <i>Polydor.</i></span> +escaped frée: and long it was before the same discontinued or ceased. +King Henrie passing ouer into Normandie, was troubled with certeine +strange dreames or visitations in his sléepe. For as he thought, he saw +a multitude of ploughmen with such tooles as belong to their trade and +occupation; after whom came a sort of souldiers with warlike weapons: +and last of all, bishops approching towards him with their crosier +staues readie to fall vpon him, as if they meant to kill him. Now when +he awaked, he lept foorth of his bed, got his sword in his hand, & +called his seruants to come & helpe him. Neuerthelesse, repressing those +perturbations, and somewhat better aduising himselfe, partlie by his +owne reason and partlie by the counsell of learned gentlemen, was +persuaded to put such fantasies awaie, and was admonished withall, that +whilest he had time and space here on earth, he should redeeme his +passed offenses and sinnes committed against God, with repentance, +almesdéeds, and abstinence. Wherefore being moued herewith, he began to +practise an amendment of his former lewd life.</p> + +<p>¶ Here it shall not be amisse to compare the two sonnes of William the +Conquerour; namelie William Rufus, and Henrie Beauclerke togither; and +to consider among other euents the supernaturall dreames wherewith they +were admonished, to excellent good purpose (no doubt) if they could haue +applied them to the end whereto they were directed. For William Rufus +(as you shall read in pag. 44.<a name="FNanchor_3_16" id="FNanchor_3_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a>) +neglecting to be admonished by a +dredfull dreame wherewith he was troubled, shortlie after receiued his +deaths wound by casualtie or chancemedlie, euen in the prime of his +pastime and disport. This other brother H. Beauclerke had the like +warnings by the same meanes, and (to a good effect) as the learned doo +gather. Their rash opinion therefore is much to be checked, which +contemne dreames as meere delusorie, alledging by waie of disproofe an +old erronious verse:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Somnia ne cures, nam fallunt plurima plures,<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>Speaking indefinitelie of dreames without distinction: whereas in truth +great valure is in them in respect of their kind and nature. For though +some sort of dreames (as those that be physicall) are not greatlie to be +relied vpon; yet those of the metaphysicall sort hauing a speciall +influence from aboue natures reach, are not lightlie to be ouerslipped. +To determine this matter I remit the studious readers to that excellent +chapter of Peter Martyr, in the first part of his common places, pag. +32. columne 2. where dreames In genere are copiouslie handled.</p> + +<p><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75" ></a><span class="pagenum">[75]</span> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +About the same time, Maud daughter of this Henrie, being forsaken of hir +husband Geffrey earle of Aniou, came to hir father then being in +Normandie. What the cause was why hir husband put hir from him, is not +certeinlie knowen: but the matter (belike) was not verie great, sith +shortlie after he receiued hir againe, and that of his owne accord. +During the time also king Henrie remained in Normandie, pope Innocent +the 2. came into France, to auoid the danger of his enimies: and holding +<span class="yearnote">1131. <br /> +An. Reg. 32.</span> +a councell at Cleremont, he accursed one Peter Fitz Leo, who had vsurped +as pope, and named himselfe Anacletus. Afterward at breaking vp of the +same counsell at Cleremont, he came to Orleance, and then to Charters, +<span class="rightnote">King Henrie and pope Innocent méet at Charters.</span> +meeting king Henrie by the waie, who offered vnto the pope to mainteine +his cause against his enimies to the vttermost of his power, for the +which the pope gaue the king great thankes: and séemed as though he had +beene more carefull for the defense of the common cause of the christian +common-wealth than for his owne, he exhorted king Henrie to make a +iournie into the holie land, against the Saracens and enimies of the +christian religion.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +In this enteruiew betwixt the pope and the king, the Romans were mooued +to maruell greatlie at the wisedome and sharpnesse of wit which they +perceiued in the Normans. For king Henrie, to shew what learning +remained amongst the people of the west parts of Europe, caused the +<span class="rightnote">The sons of Robert erle of Melent praised for their +learning.</span> +sonnes of Robert earle of Melent to argue and dispute in the points and +subtill sophismes of Logike, with the cardinals and other learned +chapleins of the pope there present, who were not ashamed to confesse, +that there was more learning amongst them here in the west parts, than +euer they heard or knew of in their owne countrie of Italy.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">King Henrie returneth into England.</span> +King Henrie after this returned into England, and vpon the sea was in +danger to haue drowned by tempest: so that iudging the same to be as a +warning for him to amend his life, he made manie vowes, and after his +landing went to S. Edmundsburie in Suffolke to doo his deuotions vnto +the sepulchre of that king. Now at his comming from thence, being well +disposed, towards the reliefe of his people, he lessened the tributes +and impositions, and did iustice aswell in respect and fauour of the +poore as of the rich.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1132. <br /> +An. Reg. 33</span> +Not long after, Geffrey earle of Aniou had a son named Henrie by his +wife the empresse, who (as before is said) was after king of England: +for his grandfather king Henrie hauing no issue male to succeed him, +caused the empresse and this Henrie hir sonne to be established heires +of the realme: all the Nobles and other estates taking an oth to be +their true and loiall subiects. After this king Henrie kept his +<span class="yearnote">1133. <br /> +An. Reg. 34.</span> +Christmasse at Dunstable, and his Easter at Woodstocke. In the same +yeare, or (as some haue) in the beginning of the yeare precedent, or (as +other haue) in the yeare following, king Henrie erected a bishops sée at +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i> Prior of L. Oswald as <i>Wil. Thorne.</i> hath, +and likewise <i>Matth. Paris.</i> and <i>Matt. Westm.</i></span> +Carleil, in which one Arnulfe or rather Athelwoolfe, who before was +abbat of S. Bothoulfs, and the kings confessor, was the first bishop +that was instituted there. This man immediatelie after his consecration +placed regular canons in that church.</p> + +<p>Not long after, or rather before (as by Wil. Malmes. it should séeme) +king Henrie passed ouer into Normandie, from whence (this being the last +time of his going thither) he neuer returned aliue. And as it came to +passe, he tooke ship to saile this last iournie thither, euen the same +daie in which he had afore time receiued the crowne. On which daie +<span class="rightnote">An eclipse<a name="FNanchor_3_17" id="FNanchor_3_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a>.</span> +(felling vpon the Wednesdaie and being the second of August) a +wonderfull and extraordinarie eclipse of the sunne and moone appeared, +in somuch that Wil. Malmes. who then liued, writeth that he saw the +starres plainlie about the sunne at the verie time of that eclipse. On +the fridaie after such an earthquake also happened in this realme, that +<span class="rightnote">An earthquake.</span> +manie houses and buildings were ouerthrowne. This earthquake was so +sensible, or rather so visible, that the wall of the house wherein the +king then sat was lift vp with a double remoue, at the third it setled +it selfe againe in his due +<a name="Page_76" id="Page_76" ></a><span class="pagenum">[76]</span> +place. Moreouer at the verie same time also +fire burst out of certeine riffes of the earth in so huge flames, that +neither by water nor otherwise it could be quenched.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i> <i>Matth. West.</i></span> +In the 34. yeare of his reigne, his brother Robert Curthose departed +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 35.</span> +this life in the castell of Cardiff. It is said that on a festiuall daie +king Henrie put on a robe of scarlet, the cape whereof being streict, he +rent it in striuing to put it ouer his head: and perceiuing it would not +serue him, he laid it aside, and said; "Let my brother Robert haue this +robe, who hath a sharper head than I haue." Which when it was brought to +duke Robert, and the rent place not sowed vp, he perceiued it, and asked +whether any man had worne it before. The messenger told the whole matter +how it happened. Wherewith duke Robert tooke such a greefe for the +<span class="rightnote">The deceasse of Robert Curthose.</span> +scornefull mocke of his brother, that he waxed wearie of his life, and +said: "Now I perceiue I haue liued too long, that my brother shall cloth +me like his almes man with his cast and rent garments." Thus cursing the +time of his natiuitie, he refused from thencefoorth to eat or drinke, +and so pined awaie, and was buried at Glocester.</p> + +<p>King Henrie remaining still in Normandie, rode round about a great part +of the countrie, shewing no small loue and courtesie to the people, +studieng by all meanes possible to win their fauours, and being merie +amongst them. Howbeit nothing reioised him more than that his daughter +Maud the empresse at the same time was deliuered of hir second sonne +named Geffrey, so that he saw himselfe prouided of an assured successor.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +But whilest he thus passed the time in mirth and solace, he began soone +<span class="yearnote">1135. <br /> +An. Reg. 35.</span> +after to be somewhat diseased, and neuer could perceiue any euident +cause thereof. Wherefore to driue his greefe away, he went abrode to +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. West.</i> <i>Sim. Dunel.</i></span> +hunt, and being somewhat amended thereby (as he thought) at his comming +home he would néeds eat of a lampry, though his physician counselled him +to the contrarie: but he delighting most in the meat (though it be in +qualitie verie hurtfull to health) would not be dissuaded from it, so +that his stomach being annoied therewith he fell immediatelie into an +ague, and so died shortlie after, on the first day of December being as +<span class="rightnote">King Henrie departeth this life.</span> +then about 67. yeares of age after he had reigned 35. yeres, and foure +moneths lacking foure daies. His bodie was conueied into England, and +buried at Reading within the abbey church which he had founded, and +endowed in his life time with great and large possessions. It is +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. West.</i> <i>Ran. Higd.</i> <i>Sim. Dunel.</i></span> +written, that his bodie, to auoid the stench which had infected manie +men, was closed in a buls hide, and how he that clensed the head died of +the sauour which issued out of the braine.</p> + +<p>¶ Thus we sée that euen princes come to the like end by as base meanes +as other inferiour persons; according to that of the poet:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="rightnote">Horat. lib. car. 1. ode. 28.</span> +<span class="i0">Dant alios furiæ toruo spectacula Marti,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Exitio est auidis mare nautis:<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Mista senum ac iuuenum densantur funera, nullum<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Sæua caput Proserpina fugit.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>And here we haue to note the neglect of the physicians counsell, and +that same ill disposition in diet which the king chose rather to +satisfie, than by restraining it to auoid the danger whereinto he fell. +But this is the preposterous election of vntoward patients, according to +that:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Nitimur in vetitum semper, cupimúsq; negata.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The issue of king Henrie the first.</span> +Touching his issue, he had by his first wife a sonne named William, +drowned (as ye haue heard) in the sea: also a daughter named Maud, whome +with hir sonnes he appointed to inherit his crowne and other dominions. +He had issue also by one of his concubins, euen a sonne named Richard, +and a daughter named Marie, who were both drowned with their brother +William. By an other concubine he had a sonne named Robert, who was +created duke of Glocester.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">His stature.</span> +He was strong of bodie, flehise, and of an indifferent stature, blacke +of haire, and in +<a name="Page_77" id="Page_77" ></a><span class="pagenum">[77]</span> +maner bald before, with great and large eies, of face +comelie, well countenanced, and pleasant to the beholders, speciallie +when he was disposed to mirth.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">His vertues.</span> +He excelled in three vertues, wisedome, eloquence, and valiancie, which +notwithstanding were somewhat blemished with the like number of vices +<span class="rightnote">His vices.</span> +that reigned in him; as couetousnesse, crueltie, and fleshlie lust of +bodie. His couetousnesse appeared, in that he sore oppressed his +subiects with tributes and impositions. His crueltie, in that he kept +his brother Robert Curtehose in perpetuall prison, and likewise in the +hard vsing of his cousine Robert earle of Mortaigne, whome he not onelie +deteined in prison, but also caused his eies to be put out: which act +was kept secret till the kings death reuealed it. And his fleshlie lust +was manifest, by kéeping of sundrie women.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">His wisdome.</span> +But in his other affaires he was circumspect, in defending his owne +verie earnest and diligent. Such wars as might be auoided, with +honourable peace he euer sought to appease; but when such iniuries were +offered as he thought not meet to suffer, he was an impatient reuenger +<span class="rightnote">His manlie courage.</span> +of the same, ouercomming all perils with the force of vertue and manlie +courage, showing himselfe either a most louing fréend, or an extreame +enimie: for he would subdue his foes to the vttermost, and aduance his +fréends aboue measure.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">His zeale to iustice.</span> +With iustice he ruled the commons quietlie, and enterteined the nobles +honorablie. Théeues, counterfeiters of monie, and other transgressors he +caused to be sought out with great diligence, and when they were found, +to be punished with great seueritie. Neither did he neglect reformations +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i> Théeues appointed to be hanged.</span> +of certeine naughtie abuses. And (as one author hath written) he +ordeined that théeues should suffer death by hanging. When he heard that +such peeces of monie as were cracked would not be receiued amongest the +people, although the same were good and fine siluer, he caused all the +coine in the realme to be either broken or slit. He was sober of diet, +vsed to eat rather for the quailing of hunger, than to pamper himselfe +with manie daintie sorts of banketting dishes. He neuer dranke but when +thirst mooued him, he would sléepe soundlie and snore oftentimes till he +<span class="rightnote">His policie.</span> +awaked therewith. He pursued his warres rather by policie than by the +sword, and ouercame his enimies so neere as he could without bloudshed, +which if it might not be, yet with as little slaughter as was possible. +<span class="rightnote">His praise for his princelie government.</span> +To conclude, he was not inferiour to any of the kings that reigned in +those daies, in wisedome and policie, and so behaued himselfe, that he +was honoured of the Nobles, and beloued of the commons. He builded +<span class="rightnote">Reading abbey builded.</span> +diuerse abbeies both in England and Normandie, but Reading was the +chéefe. He builded the manour of Woodstocke, with the parke there, +wherein (beside the great store of deere) he appointed diuerse strange +beasts to be kept and nourished, which were brought and sent vnto him +from foreign countries farre distant, as lions, lepards, lynxes, and +porcupines. His estimation was such among outlandish princes, that few +would willinglie offend him.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Murcherdach K. of Ireland.</span> +Murcherdach king of Ireland & his successors had him in such reuerence, +that they durst doo nothing but what he commanded, nor write any thing +but what might stand with his pleasure, though at the first the same +Morchad attempted something against the Englishmen more than held with +reason, but afterward (vpon restraint of the entercourse of merchandize) +he was glad to shew himselfe more fréendlie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The earle of Orkney.</span> +Moreouer the earle of Orkney, although he was the king of Norwaies +subiect, yet did he what he could to procure king Henries fréendship, +sending such strange beasts and other things to him oftentimes as +presents, wherein he knew the king tooke great delight and pleasure. He +<span class="rightnote">Roger bishop of Salisburie.</span> +had in singular fauour aboue all other of his councell, Roger, the +bishop of Salisburie, a politike prelate, and one that knew how to order +matters of great importance, vnto whome he committed the gouernment of +the realme most commonlie whilest he remained in Normandie.</p> + +<p>As well in this kings daies, as in the time of his brother William +Rufus, men forgetting their owne sex and state, transformed themselues +<span class="rightnote">The abuse of wearing long haire.</span> +into the habit and forme of women, by suffering their haire to grow in +length, the which they curled and trimmed verie curiouslie, after the +maner of damosels and yong gentlewomen: insomuch that they made such +account of their long bushing perukes, that those which would be taken +for courtiers, contended with women who should haue the longest tresses, +and such as wanted, sought to amend it with art, and by knitting +wreathes about their heads of those their long and side locks for a +<span class="yearnote">1127.</span> +brauerie. Yet we read that king Henrie gaue commandment to all his +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. West.</i></span> +people to cut their haire, about the 28. yeare of his reigne. Preachers +indeed inueied against such vnseemlie maners in men, as a thing more +agréeable and seemelie for the contrarie sex.</p> + +<p>Wil. Malm. reciteth a tale of a knight in those daies that tooke no +small liking of himselfe for his faire and long haire, who chanced to +haue a verie terrible dreame. For it séemed to him in his sléepe that +one was about to strangle him with his owne haire (which<a name="FNanchor_3_18" id="FNanchor_3_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a> he wrapped +about his throte and necke) the impression whereof sanke so deepelie +into his mind, that when he awaked out of his sléepe, he streightwaies +caused so much of his haire to be cut as might seeme superfluous. A +great number of other in the realme followed his commendable example, +but the remorse of conscience herein that thus caused them to cut their +haire, continued not long, for they fell to the like abuse againe, so as +within a twelue moneths space they excéeded therein as farre beyond all +the bounds of séemelie order as before.</p> + +<p>¶ In this Henrie ended the line of the Normans as touching the heires +male, and then came in the Frenchmen by the title of the heires +generall, after that the Normans had reigned about 69. yeares: for so +manie are accounted from the comming of William Conquerour, vnto the +beginning of the reigne of king Stephan, who succéeded the said Henrie.</p> + +<p class="lastline">Thus farr the succession and regiment of the Normans; namelie, +William Conquerour the father, William Rufus, and Henrie Beauclerke +the sonnes.</p> + + +<div class="footnotes"> +<h3 >Transcriber's notes</h3> + +<p>There are no footnotes in the original. The original spelling and +punctuation have been retained, with the exception of obvious errors +which have been corrected by reference to the 1587 edition of which +the original is a transcription.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_3_1" id="Footnote_3_1"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_3_1"> + <span class="label">[1]</span> + </a> Original reads 'Robert de Bélesme'; changed to 'Robert de Belesme'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_3_2" id="Footnote_3_2"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_3_2"> + <span class="label">[2]</span> + </a> Original reads 'conuient'; changed to 'conuenient'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_3_3"> + <span class="label">[3]</span> + </a> Original reads 'according to'; changed to '(according to'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_3_4" id="Footnote_3_4"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_3_4"> + <span class="label">[4]</span> + </a> Original reads 'York'; changed to 'Yorke'. </p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_3_5" id="Footnote_3_5"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_3_5"> + <span class="label">[5]</span> + </a> The passage referred to is in the section on William the Conqueror, + in Anno. Reg. 6. 1073. </p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_3_6" id="Footnote_3_6"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_3_6"> + <span class="label">[6]</span> + </a> The passage referred to is in the section on William the Conqueror, + in Anno. Reg. 6. 1073. </p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_3_7" id="Footnote_3_7"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_3_7"> + <span class="label">[7]</span> + </a> Original reads 'Constanc'; changed to 'Constances'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_3_8" id="Footnote_3_8"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_3_8"> + <span class="label">[8]</span> + </a> Original reads 'and being'; changed to 'and (being'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_3_9" id="Footnote_3_9"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_3_9"> + <span class="label">[9]</span> + </a> Original reads 'pop'; changed to 'pope'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_3_10" id="Footnote_3_10"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_3_10"> + <span class="label">[10]</span> + </a> Original reads 'emperour to to'; changed to 'emperour to'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_3_11" id="Footnote_3_11"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_3_11"> + <span class="label">[11]</span> + </a> Original reads 'subiets'; changed to 'subiects'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_3_12" id="Footnote_3_12"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_3_12"> + <span class="label">[12]</span> + </a> Original refers to page 69, which is an obvious error for page +39. +The passage referred to is in the section on William Rufus, in + An. Reg. 12. 1099.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_3_13" id="Footnote_3_13"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_3_13"> + <span class="label">[13]</span> + </a> Original reads 'euen in the the'; changed to 'euen in the'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_3_14" id="Footnote_3_14"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_3_14"> + <span class="label">[14]</span> + </a> Original reads 'the sea being'; changed to 'the sea (being'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_3_15" id="Footnote_3_15"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_3_15"> + <span class="label">[15]</span> + </a> Original reads 'appointd'; changed to 'appointed'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_3_16" id="Footnote_3_16"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_3_16"> + <span class="label">[16]</span> + </a> Original refers to page 26. col 2., which is the location in +the 1587 edition; changed to page 44, which is the correct page number +in this edition. The passage referred to is in the section on William Rufus, in + An. Reg. 13. 1100. </p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_3_17" id="Footnote_3_17"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_3_17"> + <span class="label">[17]</span> + </a> Original reads 'eclips'; changed to 'eclipse'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_3_18" id="Footnote_3_18"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_3_18"> + <span class="label">[18]</span> + </a> Original reads 'owne haire, which'; changed to 'owne haire (which'.</p> + +</div> + +<div style='text-align:center'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND AND IRELAND (2 OF 6): ENGLAND (03 OF 12) +HENRIE I. ***</div> +</body> +</html> |