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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND,
+SCOTLAND AND IRELAND (2 OF 6): ENGLAND (03 OF 12)
+HENRIE I. ***
+
+
+
+
+HENRIE THE FIRST, YOONGEST SONNE
+TO WILLIAM THE CONQUEROUR.
+
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 1. 1100.] Henrie the yoongest sonne to William the
+first, brother to Rufus latelie departed, the first of that name that
+ruled heere in England, & for his knowledge in good literature surnamed
+Beauclerke, was admitted king by the whole assent of the lords and
+commons, and began his reigne ouer England the first of August, in the
+yeare after the creation of the world 1067. after the birth of our
+Sauiour 1100. and 44. of the emperour Henrie the fourth, Paschall the
+second then gouerning the sée of Rome, which was about the 51. yeare of
+Philip the first of that name king of France, and in the beginning of
+the reigne of Edgar king of Scotland. [Sidenote: _Wil. Thorne._
+_Geruasius Dorobernensis._] This king was consecrated and crowned at
+Westminster, the fift daie of August, by Thomas archbishop of Yorke, and
+Maurice bishop of London, bicause at that time Anselme archbishop of
+Canturburie was exiled. [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] This prince had
+aforehand trained the people to his humor and veine, in bringing them to
+thinke well of him, and to conceiue a maruellous euill opinion of his
+brother duke Robert, persuading them moreouer, that the said duke was
+likelie to prooue a sharpe and rigorous gouernour, if he once obteined
+the crowne and dominion of the land. Moreouer, he caused to be reported
+for a certeine truth, that the same Robert was alreadie created king of
+Jerusalem. And therefore considering that the kingdome of Palestine (as
+the rumor ran) was of greater reuenues than that of England, there was
+no cause why they should staie for him, who would not willinglie leaue
+the greater for the lesser. By which meanes the Nobilitie and Commons
+were the sooner persuaded to decline from the election of the said
+Robert, and to receiue his brother Henrie for their lawfull king, who on
+the other side ceased not to promise mountaines, till his enterprise
+tooke effect; and then at leisure paied some of them with molhils as by
+the sequele of the storie shall more at large appéere.
+
+This Henrie therefore comming thus to the crowne, considered furthermore
+with himselfe, that hereafter, when his eldest brother Robert should
+returne, and vnderstand how the matter was brought about, he would
+thinke himselfe to haue had much wrong, and béene verie euill dealt
+withall, sith that as well by birthright, as also by agréement made with
+his brother William Rufus, he ought of right to be preferred, and
+therevpon would not faile but make earnest claime against him.
+[Sidenote: The king séeketh to win the peoples fauour.] Wherefore yer he
+should come home out of the holie land (where he then remained) the king
+studied by all possible meanes how to gratifie all the states of his
+realme, & to plant in their harts some good opinion of him. And first of
+all he reformed such things as his brother had left verie preiudiciall
+to the estate of the church, setting the same frée which before was sore
+oppressed. [Sidenote: _Simon Dun._ _Hen. Hunt._ _Matth. Paris._] And
+furthermore, somewhat to reléeue the common-wealth, he promised to
+restore the lawes of good king Edward, and to abolish or amend those
+which by his father and brother were alreadie ordeined to the hurt &
+preiudice of the old ancient liberties of the realme of England.
+[Sidenote: Anselme called home.] He reuoked Anselme the archbishop of
+Canturburie out of exile, who fled (as yee haue heard) to auoid the
+wrath of king William. [Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._ William Gifford bishop of
+Winchester. _Hen. Hunt._] Moreouer, he placed in the see of Winchester,
+one William Gifford, a graue and discréet person, and also ordeined
+moonkes of honest reputation to be abbats in certeine abbies which had
+beene long void, and in the hands of William his brother: in like maner
+he remitted certeine paiments which his brother and predecessour had
+caused to be raised by waie of taxes and customes. [Sidenote: Rafe
+bishop of Durham committed to the Tower. _Simon Dun._] Besides this, on
+the 8. daie of September, he committed Rafe bishop of Durham to the
+Tower of London, by whose lewd counsell his said brother being seduced,
+had in his life time doone manie oppressions to his people. [Sidenote:
+The first ordeining of the yard measure. _Wil. Malm._] He ordeined also
+that one length of measuring should be vsed through this realme, which
+was a yard, appointing it to be cut after the length of his owne arme.
+Manie other things he redressed, to the contentation and commoditie of
+his subiects, who gaue God thanks that he had in such wise deliuered
+them out of the hands of cruell extortioners.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._ _Polydor._] After he had thus brought the
+common-wealth in so good estate, he consulted with his Nobilitie, where
+he might best get him a wife, and thereby leaue vnlawfull companie
+keeping with concubines: which demand was not misliked at all. Herevpon
+they considered that Edgar king of Scotland had a sister named Maud, a
+beautifull ladie, and of vertuous conditions, who was a professed nunne
+in a religious house, to the end she might auoid the stormes of the
+world, and lead hir life in more securitie after hir fathers deceasse.
+This gentlewoman, notwithstanding hir vow, was thought to be a meet
+bedfellow for the king: wherefore he sent ambassadors to hir brother
+Edgar, requesting that he might haue hir in mariage. But she refusing
+superstitiouslie at the first to breake hir professed vow, would not
+heare of the offer: wherewithall king Henrie being the more inflamed,
+sent new ambassadors to moue the case in more earnest sort than before,
+in somuch that Edgar, vpon the declaration of their ambassage, set the
+abbesse of the house (where then she abode) in hand to persuade hir, who
+so effectuallie and diuerselie telling hir how necessarie, profitable, &
+honorable the same should be both to her countrie and kinred, did so
+preuaile at the last, that the yoong ladie granted willinglie to the
+mariage. Herevpon she was transported into England, and wedded to the
+king, who caused the archbishop Anselme to crowne hir queene on S.
+Martins daie, which fell vpon a sundaie, being the eleuenth of Nouember.
+
+¶ It should séeme by Eadmerus, that she was neuer nunne, but onelie
+veiled by hir mother, and placed amongst nunnes against hir will (as she
+protested to the whole world) at such time as archbishop Anselme refused
+to solemnize the mariage betwixt them, till that doubt were cleared, and
+the occasion remoued, wherevpon euill disposed men would haue surmised
+ilfauoredlie, and reported the worst. Howbeit whether she were
+professed, or veiled onelie, loth she was to consent at the first (as
+partlie ye haue heard) but after that she was coupled with the king in
+mariage, she prooued a right obedient wife.
+
+[Sidenote: The archbishop of Vienna the popes legat.] About this season
+the archbishop of Vienna came ouer into England with the popes
+authoritie (as he pretended) to be legat ouer all Briteine, which was
+strange newes vnto England, and greatlie woondered at (as Eadmerus
+saith) of all men. For it had not beene heard of in England before that
+time, that any person should supplie the popes roome except the
+archbishop of Canturburie. [Sidenote: He is not receiued for legat.] And
+so he departed as he came, for no man receiued him as legat, neither did
+he exercise anie legantine authoritie. Not long after, the king sent
+ambassadours to Rome, about a suit which he had against the archbishop
+Anselme, for that he denied not onelie to doo him homage, but also would
+not consecrate such bishops and ecclesiasticall gouernours as he
+vndertooke to inuest. Touching which matter no small trouble arose, as
+hereafter shall appeere.
+
+[Sidenote: 1101.] In the meane time, Robert the kings elder brother,
+returning out of the holie land, came into Normandie: for after he had
+aduertisement of the death of his brother Rufus, and that his yoonger
+brother was crowned king of England, he was greatlie displeased in his
+mind, and meant with all spéed to assaie if he might recouer it out of
+his hands.
+
+[Sidenote: _Ran. Higd._ Duke Robert chosen king of Hierusalem.] ¶ We
+read, that when christian princes had woone Hierusalem, they met
+togither in the temple to chuse a king for the gouernement of that citie
+and countrie, in which conuent duke Robert was chosen before all the
+residue to be king there, by reason of a miracle (as some haue left
+recorded) wrought by quenching of a taper, and the sudden kindling
+thereof againe, as he held the same in his hand, standing in the church
+before the altar amongst other on Easter euen: [Sidenote: _Polydor._] so
+as thereby it should be thought he was appointed among all the residue
+to be king, and so was nominated. But he hauing his mind more inclined
+to England, refused to take the charge vpon him: wherevpon after that
+daie he neuer greatlie prospered in anie businesse which he tooke in
+hand: as some doo gather. Other authors of good credit, which haue
+written that voiage into the holie land, make no mention of anie such
+matter, but declare, that Godfraie of Bolongne was by the generall
+consent of all the princes and capiteins there elected king, as in the
+description of that voiage more plainelie appéereth. But now to returne
+from whence I haue digressed.
+
+[Sidenote: _An. Reg. 2._] When the fame was blown into England, that
+duke Robert was returned into Normandie, and that the people had
+receiued him for their duke with great triumph and ioy: [Sidenote: Duke
+Robert is solicited to come into England to claim the crowne.] there
+were diuerse which desiring innouations, deliting in alterations, and
+being wearie of the quiet gouernment of king Henrie, wrote letters into
+England to the duke, signifieng to him, that if he would make hast, and
+come to recouer the realme out of his brothers hands (who vsurped it by
+an vniust title) they would be readie to aid him with all their power.
+Herewithall the duke being readie of his owne accord to this enterprise,
+was not a little inflamed, and grew more earnest to make hast about this
+businesse: in so much as, where he would not séeme at the first to
+estéeme greatlie of the offer made to him by the Englishmen, who had
+thus written ouer vnto him (blaming generallie all the English
+Nobilitie, for that while he was abroad in the seruice of the christian
+common-wealth against the infidels, they would suffer him to be in such
+wise defrauded of his fathers inheritance, by his brother, through their
+vntruth and negligence) yet although he meant to delaie the matter,
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._ _Simon Dun._] and thought it rather better to
+dissemble with them for a time, than to commit the successe of his
+affaires and person to their inconstancie; shortlie after being set on
+fire, and still incouraged by the persuasion of Rafe bishop of Durham
+(who by a woonderfull wilie shift, about the first of Februarie had
+broken out of prison) [Sidenote: In the Kal. of Februarie. _R. Houe._
+_Hen. Hunt._ _Polydor._] with all speed possible he gathered an armie,
+purposing out of hand to passe ouer with the same into England, and to
+hazard his right by dent of sword, which was thus by plaine iniurie most
+wickedlie deteined from him.
+
+King Henrie in the meane time vnderstanding his meaning, assembled
+likewise his power, and rigged foorth a great number of ships,
+appointing them to lie in a readinesse to stop his brothers comming to
+land if it might be. He himselfe, also lodged with his maine armie neere
+the towne of Hastings, to giue him battell if he landed thereabouts.
+
+Duke Robert also meaning to set foreward, sent certeine of his ships
+before, to choose some conuenient place where he might land with his
+armie: which ships by chance fell into the danger of the kings nauie,
+but yet absteining from battell, they recouered the wind, and returned
+backe to the duke, signifieng from point to point how they had sped in
+this voiage. The duke as he was of a bold courage, and of so gentle a
+nature that he beleeued he should win their good wils, with whom he
+should haue any thing to doo, passed forward, and approching to the
+kings nauie, vsed such mild persuasions, that a great part of the
+souldiours which were aboord in the kings ships, submitted themselues
+vnto him, [Sidenote: Duke Robert arriued at Portsmouth. _Simon Dun._
+_Wil. Malm._ _Hen. Hunt._ _Polydor._] by whose conduct he arriued in
+Portsmouth hauen, and there landed with his host, about the begining of
+August. Now when he had rested a few daies & refreshed his men, he tooke
+the way towards Winchester, a great number of people flocking vnto him
+by the way.
+
+The king hauing knowledge as well of the arriuall of his enimies, as
+also of the reuolting of his subiects, raised his campe, and came to
+lodge neere vnto his enimies, the better to perceiue what he attempted
+and purposed to doo. They were also in maner readie to haue ioined
+battell, when diuerse Noble men that owght good will to both the
+brethren, and abhorred in their minds so vnnaturall discord, began to
+entreat for peace, which in the end they concluded vpon, [Sidenote:
+_Wil. Malm._ _Simon Dun._ _Hen. Hunt._] conditionallie that Henrie (who
+was borne after his father had conquered the realme of England) should
+now enioy the same, yeelding and paieng yeerelie vnto duke Robert the
+summe of iij. M. marks. Prouided, that whose hap of the two it should be
+to suruiue or outliue, he should be the others right and lawfull heire,
+by mutuall agreement. Conditionallie also, that those English or
+Normans, which had taken part either with the king or the duke, should
+be pardoned of all offenses that could be laid vnto them for the same by
+either of the princes. [Sidenote: _Hen. Hunt._ _Wil. Thorne._ _Matth.
+West._ _Geruasius Dorober._] There were twelue Noble men on either part
+that receiued corporall othes for performance of this agréement, which
+being concluded vpon in this sort, duke Robert, who in his affaires
+shewed himselfe more credulous than suspicious, remained with his
+brother here in England till the feast of S. Michaell, and then shewing
+himselfe well contented with the composition, returned into Normandie.
+In the second yeare of this kings reigne, the Quéene was deliuered of
+hir daughter Maud or Mathild, so called after hir owne name, who
+afterward was empresse, of whom yée shall heare by Gods grace anon in
+this historie.
+
+[Sidenote: 1102.] [Sidenote: _Simon Dun._ Robert de Belesme[1] earle of
+Shrewsburie.] The king being now rid of forren trouble, was shortlie
+after disquieted with the seditious attempts of Robert de Belesme earle
+of Shrewsburie, sonne to Hugh before named, who fortified the castell of
+Bridgenorth, and an other castell in Wales at a place called Caircoue,
+and furnished the towne of Shrewsburie, with the castels of Arundell &
+Tickehill (which belonged to him) in most substantiall maner. Moreouer
+he sought to win the fauour of the Welshmen, by whose aid he purposed to
+defend himselfe against the king in such vnlawfull enterprises as he
+ment to take in hand. But the king hauing an inkeling whereabout he
+went, straightwaies proclaimed him a traitor, wherevpon he got such
+Welshmen and Normans together as he could conuenientlie come by, with
+whom and his brother Arnold, he entered into Staffordshire, [Sidenote:
+Stafford wasted.] which they forraied and wasted excéedinglie, bringing
+from thence a great bootie of beasts and cattell, with some prisoners,
+whom they led foorthwith into Wales, where they kept themselues as in a
+place of greatest safetie.
+
+The king in the meane time with all conuenient[2] spéed raised a power,
+[Sidenote: Arundell castell besieged.] first besieging the castell of
+Arundell, and then planting diuerse bastillions before it, he departed
+from thence, and sending the bishop of Lincolne with part of his armie
+to besiege Tickehill, he himselfe went to Bridgenorth, [Sidenote:
+Bridgenorth besieged.] which he enuironed about with a mightie armie
+made out of all parts of his realme: so that what with gifts, large
+promises, and fearefull threatnings, at the last he allured to his side
+the fickle Welchmen, and in such wise wan them, that they abandoned the
+earle, and tooke part against him. [Sidenote: _An. Reg. 3._] Wherevpon
+the king within 30. daies subdued all the townes and castels (which he
+held) out of his hands, [Sidenote: The earle of Shrewsburie banished the
+realme.] and banished him the relme, and shortlie after confined his
+brother Arnold for his traitorous demeanour vsed against him, whereby
+their attempts were brought vnto an end.
+
+[Sidenote: A synod of bishops. _Eadmerus._] After this, at the feast of
+saint Michaell, Anselme archbishop of Canturburie held a councell at
+Westminster, whereat were present the archbishop of Yorke, the bishops
+of London, Winchester, Lincolne, Worcester, Chester, Bath, Norwich,
+Rochester, and two other bishops latlie elected by the king, namelie,
+Salisburie and Hereford: the bishop of Excester was absent by reason of
+sicknesse.
+
+[Sidenote: Abbats & Priors depriued.] At this councell or synod, diuerse
+abbats and priors, both French and English, were depriued of their
+promotions and benefices by Anselme, bicause they had come vnto them
+otherwise than he pretended to stand with the decrées of the church;
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] as the abbats of Persor, Ramsey, Tauestocke,
+Peterborow, Middleton, Burie, and Stoke, the prior of Elie, and others.
+[Sidenote: The cause why they wer depriued. _Hen. Hunt._ _Sim. Dun._]
+The chéefest cause of their deposing, was, for that they had receiued
+their inuestitures at the kings hands.
+
+Diuerse constitutions were made by authoritie of this councell, but
+namelie this one.
+
+     [Sidenote: _Eadmerus._ Mariage of préests forbidden. _Hen. Hunt._]
+     1 That preests should no more be suffered to haue wiues, which
+     decree (as saith Henrie of Huntingdon) séemed to some verie pure,
+     but to some againe verie dangerous, least whilest diuers of those
+     that coueted to professe such cleannesse and puritie of life as
+     passed their powers to obserue, might happilie fall into most
+     horrible vncleannesse, to the high dishonour of christianitie, and
+     offense of the Almightie.
+
+     [Sidenote: Decrées instituted in this councell.] 2 That no
+     spirituall person should haue the administration of any temporall
+     office or function, nor sit in iudgment of life and death.
+
+     [Sidenote: Against préests that were alehouse hunters.] 3 That
+     preests should not haunt alehouses, and further, that they should
+     weare apparell of one maner of colour, and shooes after a comelie
+     fashion: for a little before that time, préests vsed to go verie
+     vnséemlie.
+
+     [Sidenote: Archdeaconries.] 4 That no archdeaconries should be let
+     to farme.
+
+     5 That euerie archdeacon should at the least receiue the orders of
+     a deacon.
+
+     [Sidenote: Subdeacons.] 6 That none should be admitted to the
+     orders of a subdeacon, without profession of chastitie.
+
+     [Sidenote: Préests sons.] 7 That no préests sonnes should succéed
+     their fathers in their benefices.
+
+     8 That moonks and préests which had forsaken their orders (for the
+     loue of their wiues) should be excommunicated, if they would not
+     returne to their profession againe.
+
+     [Sidenote: Préests to weare crowns.] 9 That préests should weare
+     broad crownes.
+
+     [Sidenote: Tithes.] 10 That no tithes should be giuen but to the
+     church.
+
+     [Sidenote: Benefices.] 11 That no benefices should be bought or
+     sold.
+
+     [Sidenote: New chapels.] 12 That no new chappels should be builded
+     without consent of the bishop.
+
+     [Sidenote: Consecration of churches.] 13 That no church, should be
+     consecrated except prouision were first had to the maintenance of
+     it and the minister.
+
+     [Sidenote: Abbats.] 14 That abbats should not be made knights or
+     men of war, but should sléepe & eat within the precinct of their
+     owne houses, except some necessitie mooued them to the contrarie.
+
+     [Sidenote: Moonks.] 15 That no moonks should inioyne penance to any
+     man without licence of their abbat, and that abbats might not grant
+     licence, but for those of whose soules they had cure.
+
+     16 That no moonks should be godfathers, nor nuns godmothers to any
+     mans child.
+
+     [Sidenote: Farmes.] 17 That moonks should not hold and occupie any
+     farmes in their hands.
+
+     [Sidenote: Parsonages.] 18 That no moonks should receiue any
+     parsonages, but at the bishops hands, nor should spoile those which
+     they did receiue in such wise of the profits and reuenues, that
+     curats which should serue the cures might thereby want necessarie
+     prouision for themselues and the same churches.
+
+     [Sidenote: Contracts.] 19 That contracts made betwéene man and
+     woman without witnesses concerning mariage should be void, if
+     either of them denied it.
+
+     [Sidenote: Wearing of haire] 20 That such as did weare their heare
+     long should be neuerthelesse so rounded, that part of their eares
+     might appéere.
+
+     21 That kinsfolke might not contract matrimonie within the seuenth
+     degrée of consanguinitie.
+
+     [Sidenote: Buriall] 22 That the bodies of the dead should not be
+     buried but within their parishes, least the préest might lose his
+     dutie.
+
+     [Sidenote: Fond worshipping of men.] 23 That no man should vpon
+     some new rash deuotion giue reuerence or honour to any dead bodies,
+     fountaines of water, or other things, without the bishops
+     authoritie, which hath béene well knowne to haue chanced
+     heretofore.
+
+     24 That there should be no more buieng and selling of men vsed in
+     England, which was hitherto accustomed, as if they had béene kine
+     or oxen.
+
+     25 That all such as committed the filthie sinne of Sodomitrie
+     should be accursed by the decrée of this councell, till by
+     penance & confession they should obteine absolution. Prouided
+     that if he were a preest or any religious person, he should lose
+     his benefice, and be made vncapeable of any other ecclesiasticall
+     preferment: if he were a laie man, he should lose the prerogatiue
+     of his estate. Prouided also that no religious man might be
+     absolued of this crime, but at the bishops hands.
+
+     [Sidenote: The cursse to be read euerie sundaie]
+     26 That euerie sundaie this cursse should be read in euerie
+     church.
+
+The king also caused some necessarie ordinances to be deuised at this
+councell, to mooue men to the leading of a good and vpright life.
+
+[Sidenote: S. Bartholomewes by Smithfield founded. Smithfield sometimes
+a common laiestall & a place of execution. _An. Reg. 3._] About the
+third yeare of K. Henries reigne, the foundation of saint Bartholomews
+by Smithfield was begun by Raier one of the kings musicians (as some
+write) who also became the first prior thereof. In those daies
+Smithfield was a place where they laid all the ordure and filth of the
+citie. It was also the appointed place of execution, where felons and
+other malefactors of the lawes did suffer for their misdeeds.
+
+In this third yeare of king Henries reigne the quéene was deliuered of a
+sonne called William.
+
+When the earle of Shrewesburie was banished (as ye haue heard) the state
+of the realme seemed to be reduced into verie good order and quietnesse:
+so that king Henrie being aduanced with good successe in his affaires,
+was now in no feare of danger any maner of waie. [Sidenote: _Polydor._
+The king bestoweth bishopriks. _Matth. Paris._] Howbeit herein he
+somewhat displeased the cleargie: for leaning vnto his princelie
+authoritie, he tooke vpon him both to nominate bishops and to inuest
+them into the possession of their sées: amongst whom was one Remclid,
+bishop of Hereford by the kings ordinance. [Sidenote: _Simon Dunel._]
+This Remclid or Remeline did afterwards resigne that bishoprike to the
+king, bicause he was pursuaded he had greatlie offended in receiuing the
+same at a temporall mans hands.
+
+Trulie not onelie king Henrie here in England, but also other princes
+and high potentates of the temporaltie about the same season, challenged
+this right of inuesting bishops and other cleargie men, as a thing due
+vnto them and their predecessors, without all prescription of time, as
+they alledged, which caused no small debate betwixt them and the
+spiritualtie, as in that which is written thereof at large by others may
+more easilie appeere.
+
+[Sidenote: Anselme refuseth to consecrate the bishops inuested by the
+king.] Howbeit Anselme the archbishop of Canturburie more earnest in
+this case than any other, would not admit nor consecrate such bishops as
+were nominated and inuested by the king, making no account of their
+inuestiture: and further he tooke vpon him to admonish the K. not to
+violate the sacred lawes, rites and ceremonies of christian religion so
+latelie decréed concerning those matters. But so far was the king from
+giuing any eare to his admonitions, that he stood the more stiffelie in
+his chalenge. [Sidenote: Gerard inuested archbishop of Yorke.] And where
+Thomas the archbishop of Yorke was not long before departed out of this
+transitorie life, he gaue that benefice then void to one Gerard, a man
+of great wit, but (as some writers report) more desirous of honor than
+was requisite for his calling, and willed him in despite of Anselme to
+consecrate those bishops whom he had of late inuested. [Sidenote: W.
+Gifford bishop of Winchester. _Matth. Paris._ _Wil. Thorne._ _Polydor._]
+This Gerard therefore obeieng his commandement, did consecrate them all,
+William Gifford bishop of Winchester excepted; who refused to be
+consecrated at his hands, wherevpon he was depriued and banished the
+relme. The archbishop Anselme also was quite out of fauour, for that he
+ceased not to speake against the K. in reproouing him in this behalfe,
+till time that the king was contented to referre the matter to pope
+Paschall, and to stand to his decree and determination: [Sidenote:
+_Polydor._] also, that such as he had placed in any bishoprike, should
+haue licence to go to Rome to plead their causes, whither he promised
+shortlie to send his ambassadours, and so he did: [Sidenote: 1103. An.
+Reg. 4.] [Sidenote: Ambassadors sent to Rome.] appointing for the
+purpose, Herbert bishop of Norwich, and Robert bishop of Lichfield,
+being both of his priuie councell, and William Warlewast, of whom
+mention is made before, who went on their waie and came to Rome,
+according to their commission.
+
+[Sidenote: Anselme goeth also to Rome.] After them also folowed Anselme
+archbishop of Canturburie, Gerard archbishop of Yorke, & William the
+elect of Winchester, whom the pope receiued with a courteous kind of
+interteinement. But Anselme was highlie honored aboue all the residue,
+whose diligence and zeale in defense of the ordinances of the sée of
+Rome, he well inough vnderstood. The ambassadours in like maner
+declaring the effect of their message, opened vnto the pope the ground
+of the controuersie begun betweene the king and Anselme, & with good
+arguments went about to prooue the kings cause to be lawfull. Vpon the
+otherside, Anselme and his partakers with contrarie reasons sought to
+confute the same. Wherevpon the pope declared, that sith by the lawes of
+the church it was decréed, that the possession of any spirituall
+benefice, obteined otherwise than by meanes of a spirituall person,
+could not be good or allowable; from thencefoorth, neither the king nor
+any other for him, should challenge any such right to apperteine vnto
+them.
+
+The kings ambassadours hearing this, were somwhat troubled in their
+minds: [Sidenote: _Eadmerus._ The saieng of Wil. Warlewast to the pope.]
+wherevpon Willam Warlewast burst out and said with great vehemencie euen
+to the popes face: "Whatsoeuer is or may be spoken in this maner to or
+fro, I would all that be present should well vnderstand, that the king,
+my maister will not lose the inuestitures of churches for the losse of
+his whole realme." [Sidenote: The popes answer to him.] Vnto which words
+Paschall himselfe replieng, said vnto him againe: "If (as thou saiest)
+the king thy maister, will not forgo the inuestiture of churches for the
+losse of his realme, know thou for certeine, and marke my words well, I
+speake it before God, that for the ransome of his head, pope Paschall
+will not at any time permit that he shall enioie them in quiet." At
+length by the aduise of his councell, the pope granted the king certeine
+priuileges and customes, which his predecessours had vsed and enioied:
+but as for the inuestitures of bishops, he would not haue him in any
+wise to meddle withall: [Sidenote: _Polydor._] yet did he confirme those
+bishops whom the king had alreadie created, least the refusall should be
+occasion to sowe any further discord.
+
+This businesse being in this maner ordered, the ambassadours were
+licenced to depart, who receiuing at the popes hands great rewards, and
+Gerard the archbishop of Yorke his pall, they shortlie after returned
+into England, declaring vnto the king the popes decrée and sentence. The
+king being still otherwise persuaded, and looking for other newes, was
+nothing pleased with this matter. Long it was yer he would giue ouer his
+claime, or yéeld to the popes iudgement, till that in processe of time,
+ouercome with the earnest sute of Anselme, he granted to obeie the popes
+order herein, though (as it should appeare) right sore against his will.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._] In this meane time, the king had seized into
+his hands the possessions of the archbishop of Canturburie, and banished
+Anselme, so that he staied at Lions in France for the space of one yeare
+and foure moneths, during which time there passed manie letters and
+messages to and fro. [Sidenote: The pope writeth courteouslie to the
+king.] The pope also wrote to king Henrie in verie courteous maner,
+exhorting him to call Anselme home againe, and to release his claime to
+the inuestitures of bishops, wherevnto he could haue no right, sith it
+apperteined not to the office of any temporall magistrate: adding
+furthermore, if the king would giue ouer that vngodlie and vsurped
+custome, that he would shew such fréendlie fauour in all things, as by
+the sufferance of God in any wise he might be able to performe, and
+further would receiue not onelie him, but also his yoong soone William
+(whom latelie it had pleased God to send him by his vertuous wife queene
+Maud) into his protection, so that who so euer did hurt either of them,
+should be thought to hurt the holie church of Rome.
+
+In one of the letters which the said pope wrote vnto Anselme (after that
+the king was contented to renounce the inuestitures aforesaid) he willed
+Anselme, according to the promise which he had made, to assoile as well
+from sinne as from penance due for the same, both the king and his wife
+queene Maud, with all such persons of honour as in this behalfe had
+trauelled with the king to induce him to be agréeable to his purpose.
+
+[Sidenote: 1104.] [Sidenote: The earle of Mellent.] [Sidenote: An. Reg.
+4.] Moreouer, the earle of Mellent, and Richard de Riuers (who had
+counselled the king to stand stoutlie in the matter, and not to giue
+ouer his title of such inuestitures, sith his ancestors had vsed them so
+long a time before his daies, by reason whereof, in renouncing his right
+to the same, he should doo a thing greatlie preiudiciall to his roiall
+estate and princelie maiestie) were now earnest labourers to agree the
+king and the pope, [Sidenote: The K. persuaded to renounce his title to
+the inuestiture of prelates. _Eadmerus._] in so much that in the end the
+king was persuaded by Anselme and them to let go his hold, resigning the
+inuestitures with staffe and ring; notwithstanding that, he reserued the
+right of elections, and such other roialties as otherwise apperteined to
+his maiestie, so that such bishops as had doone homage to the king, were
+not disabled thereby, but quietlie permitted to receiue their
+iurisdictions.
+
+[Sidenote: Duke Robert commeth into England to visit his brother.] About
+this time Robert duke of Normandie came into England to see his brother:
+who through the sugred words and sweet enterteinment of the king,
+released the yeerelie tribute of 3000. markes, which he should haue had
+out of the realme vpon agreement (as before ye haue heard) but cheefelie
+indéed at the request of the queene, being instructed by hir husband how
+she should deale with him that was knowne to be frée and liberall,
+without any great consideration what he presentlie granted.
+
+Now hauing béene here a certeine time, and solaced himselfe with his
+brother and sister, he returned into Normandie, where shortlie after he
+began to repent him of his follie, in being so liberall as to release
+the foresaid tribute: wherevpon he menaced the king, and openlie in his
+reproch said that he was craftilie circumuented by him, and fatlie
+couzened. [Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._ Factious persons practise to set the
+two brethren at variance.] Diuerse in Normandie desired nothing more
+than to set the two brethren at square, and namelie Robert de Belesme
+earle of Shrewsburie, with William earle of Mortaigne: these two were
+banished the realme of England. The earle of Shrewesburie for his
+rebellious attempts (as before you haue heard) [Sidenote: The earle of
+Mortaigne.] and the earle of Mortaigne left the land of his owne
+willfull and stubborne mind, exiling himselfe onelie vpon hatred which
+he bare to the king. For being not contented with the earledome of
+Mortaigne in Normandie, and the earledome of Cornewall in England, he
+made sute also for the earledome of Kent, which his vncle Odo sometime
+held. Now bicause he was not onelie denied of that sute, but also by
+order of lawe had certeine parcels of land taken from him, which he
+wrongfullie deteined, he got him into Normandie, and there made war both
+against those places which the king held, [Sidenote: Richard earle of
+Chester.] and also against other that belonged to Richard earle of
+Chester, who was then vnder the kings tuition and gouernement by reason
+of his minoritie.
+
+The threatning words of duke Robert comming at the last to king Henries
+eares, caused him foorthwith to conceiue verie sore displeasure against
+the duke, [Sidenote: A power of men sent into Normandie.] in so much
+that he sent ouer a power into Normandie, which finding no great
+resistance, did much hurt in the countrie, by fetching and carieng
+spoiles and preies. Againe the Normans rather fauoured than sought to
+hinder the enterprise of king Henrie, bicause they saw how duke Robert
+with his foolish prodigalitie and vndiscréet liberalitie had made awaie
+all that belonged to his estate; so that of the whole duchie of
+Normandie, he had not any citie or towne of name left in his owne
+possession, Roan onelie excepted, which he also would haue alienated, if
+the citizens would haue consented to his fond motion. [Sidenote:
+_Gemeticensis._]
+
+[Sidenote: 1105.] [Sidenote: The k. passeth ouer to Normandie. An. Reg.
+6. _Simon Dun._ _Gemeticensis._ _Polydor._] Now king Henrie hearing of
+the good successe of his men, passed ouer himselfe soone after with a
+mightie armie, and with little adoo tooke Eureux or (as others haue)
+Baieux and Caen, which cities when he had furnished with sufficient
+garisons of men, he repassed the sea into England, bicause the winter
+approched, and the wether waxed troublesome for such as laie in the
+field. Herevpon duke Robert considering how vnable he was (by reason
+that his people failed him at néed) to resist king Henrie, sith the
+Britans also, and they of Aniou, tooke part with the said king, he
+thought good to laie armour aside, and to passe ouer into England, to
+entreat with him by way of brotherlie amitie, in full hope by that
+meanes to auoid this present danger. [Sidenote: 1106. An. Reg. 7.] But
+at his arriuall here, he learned how the king his brother as then was at
+Northampton: wherefore he hasted thither, and comming to him, made
+earnest sute for peace, beséeching the king in respect of brotherlie
+loue to grant the same; or if it were that he regarded not the goodwill
+of his naturall brother, to consider at least wise what apperteined to
+his accustomed gentlenesse, and to think with himselfe that warre
+betwixt brethren could not be mainteined without reproch, nor that
+victorie be honorable which was obteined against his owne flesh.
+Wherefore he required him not to refuse peace, freendship, and
+voluntarie beneuolence, sith he was now readie to render all that euer
+he had into his hands.
+
+The king nothing mooued herewith, but as one that disdained to make a
+direct answer, murmured certeine things with himselfe, and turned away
+from the duke, as one that either by experience knew his brothers light
+and vnstable mind, or as one that determined to be reuenged of him euen
+to the vttermost. [Sidenote: The brethren depart in displeasure.] Duke
+Robert also, abhorring and vtterlie detesting this his brothers pride,
+streightwaies returned home, purposing with himselfe to the hazard of
+warre, sith he sawe no hope to be had in brotherlie loue and amitie.
+Wherevpon he prouided for wars with all his power, seeking aid from all
+places where he might get any, though the king his brother gaue him
+small leisure thereto, [Sidenote: K. Henrie passeth into Normandie to
+pursue his brother.] who followed him incontinentlie with a new supplie
+of souldiours, desiring nothing more than to get him within his danger.
+
+Soone after, both the brethren approching neere togither, ech of them
+pitched their campe within the sight of other, preparing themselues to
+giue battell with princelie stomachs. [Sidenote: They ioine in battell.]
+The king surmounting the duke his brother in number, first bringeth
+foorth his men in order of battell, and streightwaies the duke likewise,
+both being readie to trie the matter by dint of sword. Then the one
+prouoking the other, and the trumpets sounding aloft, the conflict
+began. The kings souldiers trusting too much in their owne force, by
+reason of their great multitude, brake their arraie, and assailed their
+enimies on ech side verie disorderlie: but the Normans being wiselie
+ordered and instructed by their duke, kept themselues close togither: so
+that the kings battell, which had without order stept foorth to assaile
+them, finding sturdie resistance, began now to result or giue backe: for
+not onelie duke Robert but also William earle of Mortaigne preased
+foreward amongst their men, and fought valiantlie with their owne hands.
+Whervpon the king, when he perceiued how his men began to shrinke, cried
+vpon them to staie, and withall commanded his horssemen to breake vppon
+the flanks of his enimies battell: which they did, with such violence
+that they disparkled the same, and caused the enimies to scatter.
+Herewith also the kings footmen, togither with the horssemen inuaded the
+Normans afresh, who neuerthelesse resisted a while, till being compassed
+about in maner on euerie side, they began to flee: [Sidenote: The
+Normans vanquished.] as oftentimes it chanceth, when a few driuen in
+sunder by a multitude, are assailed on all sides. The king then hauing
+vanquished his aduersaries, followeth the chase, and maketh great
+slaughter of them, though not without some losse of his owne: for the
+Normans despairing of safetie, turned oftentimes againe vpon their
+pursuers.
+
+[Sidenote: The earle of Mortaigne. _Eadmerus._ W. Crispine. W. Ferreis.
+Robert de Estoutuille. The number slaine.] Duke Robert and the earle of
+Mortaigne fighting most manfullie in the verie prease of enimies, were
+taken or (as other saie) betraied, and deliuered into their enimies
+hands: beside which twaine, William Crispine, William Ferreis, Robert
+Estoutuille the elder, with foure hundreth men of armes, and to the
+number of 10. thousand footmen were taken. As for the number that were
+slaine in this battell, there is none that declareth the certeintie: but
+yet it is reported by diuers writers, that no one battell in those daies
+was sorer fought, nor with greater bloudshed either in Normandie, or
+elsewhere.
+
+[Sidenote: _Gemeticensis._] Gemeticensis sheweth breefelie, that king
+Henrie was offended with his brother duke Robert, for alienating the
+duchie of Normandie his inheritance, & for wasting his reuenues with
+such riotous demeanour as he vsed, so that he left himselfe nothing but
+the citie of Roan, which he had not passed to haue giuen awaie also, if
+the citizens would thereto haue granted their consent. The king (I saie)
+taking displeasure herewith, went ouer into Normandie, and assuming a
+mightie power, first besieged Baieux, & then halfe destroieng it, he
+tooke it by force. After this he tooke Caen also, and then besieged a
+castell called Tenerchbray perteining to the earle of Mortaigne, during
+which siege his brother Robert, and the said earle of Mortaigne came
+with a great multitude of people in hope to be reuenged of the king, and
+to chase him out of the countrie. But the punishment of God fell so vpon
+them, that they were both taken, and manie of their freends with them,
+as Robert de Estoutuille, William de Crispine, and others, who were
+brought before king Henrie as prisoners. ¶ Thus did almightie God grant
+vnto the king a notable victorie without bloodshed, for he lost not a
+man: as for his aduersaries, there died in the field not past three
+score persons.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Mal._] This séemeth also to agree with that which Wil.
+Malmesburie writeth: for he saith, that king Henrie with small adoo
+brought into his hands duke Robert, who with a great troope of men came
+against him then lodging néere the said castell of Tenerchbray.
+[Sidenote: Robert de Belesme.] The earle of Mortaigne was also taken,
+but the earle of Shrewsburie escaped by flight, notwithstanding he was
+apprehended, as he went about to practise some priuie conspiracie
+against the king. [Sidenote: The 27. of September chro. de Nor.] ¶ This
+battell was fought (as the same Wil. Malme. affirmeth) vpon a saturdaie,
+being the daie of S. Michaell, In gloria, and (as maybe thought) by the
+prouident iudgment of God, to the end that Normandie should be subdued
+vnto England on that daie, in the which 40. yeares passed, king William
+the Conquerour first set foot on land at Hastings, when he came out of
+Normandie to subdue England. [Sidenote: _Simon Dun._] Neither dooth
+Simon Dunelmensis varie in anie thing from Gemeticensis touching the
+conclusion of this businesse, and the taking of duke Robert.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. West._] [Sidenote: 1107.] These wars being thus
+finished, and the countrie set in quiet, which through the méere folie
+of duke Robert was woonderfullie impouerished, the king receiued the
+keies of all the townes and castels that belonged either to the duke or
+the earle of Mortaigne, and furnished the same with garisons to be kept
+for his behoofe. Hauing thus pacified the countrie of Normandie, he came
+to Bec or Bechellouin, where archbishop Anselme then remained, whome by
+mediation of freends he receiued to fauour againe, [Sidenote: Anselme
+returneth home.] and sending him ouer into England, immediatlie after
+followed himselfe.
+
+[Sidenote: Duke Robert prisoner in the castell of Cardiff.
+_Gemeticensis._] Duke Robert being also spoiled of his dominions, lands
+and liberties, was shortlie committed to prison within the castell of
+Cardiff in Wales, where he remained about the space of 26. yeares, and
+then died. He gouerned the duchie of Normandie 19. yeares, he was a
+perfect and expert warrior, & comparable with the best capiteines that
+then liued, had he béene somwhat more warie and circumspect in his
+affaires, and therewithall constant in his opinion. [Sidenote:
+_Polydor._] His worthie acts valiantlie and fortunatlie atchiued against
+the infidels, are notified to the world by manie and sundrie writers to
+his high commendation and long lasting praise. It is said also, that he
+was after his taking once set at libertie by king Henrie, and bound to
+forsweare the realme of England and Normandie, being appointed to auoid
+within the space of 40. daies, and twelue houres. But bicause he was
+perceiued to practise somewhat against the king, he was eftsoones taken
+againe, and hauing his eies put out, committed to prison, where finallie
+worne through age and gréefe of mind, he ended his miserable life. ¶ The
+forme of banishing men out of the realme, was ordeined by Edward the
+Confessor, and remained as a law in vse till these our daies, for the
+benefit of them which fled to any church or other priuiledged place,
+thereby to escape the punishment of death due for their offenses. By a
+latter custome it was also deuised, that they should beare a crosse in
+their hand, as a signe that they were pardoned of life, for the holie
+place sake where they sought for succour.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. West._] But duke Robert (as it should appeere by that
+which others write) found no such fauour, saue onlie libertie to walke
+abroad in the kings forests, parks, and chases néere the place where he
+was appointed to remaine; so that vpon a daie, as he was walking abroad,
+he got a horsse, and with all post hast rode his waie, in hope to haue
+escaped: howbeit his keepers being aduised thereof, followed him with
+hue and crie, and at length ouertooke him in a medow, where he had laid
+his horsse vp to the bellie in a quauemire. Then being brought backe,
+his keepers kept him in close prison, aduertising the king of his
+demeanour: wherevpon he commanded that the sight of his eies should be
+put out, but so, as the balles of them should remaine unbroken, for the
+auoiding of a noisome deformitie that otherwise would ensue, if the
+glassie tunicles should take hurt.
+
+In his returne out of the holie land, he maried one Sibell, the earle of
+Conuersans sister in Puglia, hir father hight Roger or Geffrey (as some
+bookes haue) [Sidenote: _Iohn Pike._] and was nephue to Robert Guyshard
+duke of Puglia, and by hir had issue one sonne named William afterward
+earle of Flanders, whereof (God willing) more shall be said hereafter.
+
+Here must I leaue duke Robert, and speake somwhat of Anselme the
+archbishop, who shortlie after his returne into England, receiued
+letters from pope Paschall, wherein Anselme was authorised to dispose
+and order things as should séeme to him most expedient. Now, whereas the
+greater and better part of the English clergie consisted of préests
+sonnes, he committed to his discretion the order to dispense with them;
+namelie, that such as were of commendable life and sufficient learning,
+might be admitted to the ministerie, as the necessitie of time and state
+of the church should require. [Sidenote: Richard prior of Elie.] The
+pope also by the same letters gaue Anselme authorise to absolue Richard
+the prior of Elie, vpon his satisfaction pretermitted, and to restore
+him to the gouernement of the priorie of Elie, if the king thought it
+conuenient.
+
+[Sidenote: 1107.] About the calends of August, in this yeare 1107, the
+king held a councell of bishops, abbats, and other lords of his realme
+in his pallace at London, where in the absence of Anselme, the matter
+touching the inuestitures of churches, was argued vpon for the space of
+thrée daies togither, and in the end bicause the pope had granted the
+homages of bishops and other prelats to the king, which his predecessor
+Urban had forbidden, togither with the inuestitures; the king was
+contented to consent to the popes will in forbearing the same. So that
+when Anselme was come, the king in presence of him and a great multitude
+of his people, granted and ordeined, that from thenceforth no bishop nor
+abbat should be inuested within the realme of England, by the hand
+either of the king or any laie man: on the other side it was granted
+againe by Anselme, that no person elected into the prelacie, should be
+depriued of his consecration for dooing his homage to the king.
+
+These things thus ordred, the churches which through England had bin
+long vacant, were prouided of gouernors, which were placed without any
+inuestiture of staffe or ring. About this time, Anselme consecrated fiue
+bishops at Canturburie in one day, archbishop William to the sée of
+Winchester, Roger that was the kings chancellor to Salisburie, William
+Warlewast to Excester, Remaline the quéenes chancellor to Hereford, and
+one Urban to Glamorgan in Wales.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._ _Ran. Higd._] About this season a great part of
+Flanders being drowned by an exundation or breaking in of the sea, a
+great number of Flemings came into England, beséeching the king to haue
+some void place assigned them, wherein they might inhabit. [Sidenote:
+Flemings cōming ouer into England, haue places appointed them to
+inhabit.] At the first they were appointed to the countrie lieng on the
+east part of the riuer of Twéed: but within foure yeres after, they were
+remooued into a corner by the sea side in Wales, called Penbrokeshire,
+to the end they might be a defense there to the English against the
+vnquiet Welshmen.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Malms._] ¶ It should appeare by some writers, that this
+multitude of Flemings consisted not of such onelie as came ouer about
+that time by reason their countrie was ouerflowne with the sea (as ye
+haue heard) but of other also that arriued here long before, euen in the
+daies of William the Conquerour, through the freendship of the quéene
+their countriewoman, sithens which time their number so increased, that
+the realme of England was sore pestered with them: wherevpon king Henrie
+deuised to place them in Penbrokeshire, as well to auoid them out of the
+other parts of England, as also by their helpe to tame the bold and
+presumptuous fiercenesse of the Welshmen. Which thing in those parties
+they brought verie well to passe: for after they were setled there, they
+valiantlie resisted their enimies, and made verie sharpe warres vpon
+them, sometimes with gaine, and sometimes with losse.
+
+[Sidenote: 1108.] [Sidenote: A councell. _Sim. Dunel._ _Eadmerus._]
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 9.] In the yeare 1108. Anselme held an other synod
+or councell, whereat in presence of the king, and by the assent of the
+earles and barons of the realme it was ordeined.
+
+     [Sidenote: Préests are sequestred frō their wiues.] 1 That préests,
+     deacons, and subdeacons should liue chastlie, and kéepe no women in
+     their houses, except such as were neere of kin to them.
+
+     2 That such preests, deacons, and subdeacons, as contrarie to the
+     inhibition of the councell holden at London, had either kept
+     their wiues, or married other (of whom as Eadmerus saith, there
+     was no small number) they should put them quite away, if they
+     would continue still in their préesthood.
+
+     3 That neither the same wiues should come to their houses, nor
+     they to the houses where their wiues dwelled: but if they had any
+     thing to say to them, they should take two or thrée witnesses,
+     and talke with them abroad in the street.
+
+     4 That if any of them chanced to be accused of breaking this
+     ordinance, he should be driuen to purge himselfe with six
+     sufficient witnesses of his owne order, if he were a préest: if a
+     deacon, with foure: and if a subdeacon, with two.
+
+     5 That such preests as would forgo seruing at the altar, and
+     holie order (to remaine with their wiues) should be depriued of
+     their benefices, and not suffered to come within the quire.
+
+     [Sidenote: Archdeacons and canons.] 6 That such as contemptuouslie
+     kept still their wiues, and presumed to say masse, if being called
+     to satisfaction, they should neglect it, they should then be
+     excommunicated. Within compasse of which sentence all archdeacons
+     and prebendarie canons were comprised, both touching the forgoing
+     of their women, and auoiding of their companie; and also the
+     punishment by the censures of the church, if they transgressed the
+     ordinance.
+
+     [Sidenote: Archdeacons to be sworn.] 7 That euerie archdeacon
+     should be sworne, not to take any monie for fauouring any person
+     transgressing these statutes: and that they should not suffer any
+     preests, whome they knew to haue wiues, either to say masse, or to
+     haue any vicars. The like oth should a deane receiue. Prouided that
+     such archdeacons or deanes as refused this oth, should be depriued
+     of their roomes.
+
+     [Sidenote: Penance.] 8 That préests, who leauing their wiues, would
+     be content to serue God & the altar, should be suspended from that
+     office, by the space of fortie daies, and be allowed to haue vicars
+     in the meane time to serue for them: and after, vpon performance of
+     their inioined penance by the bishop, they might return to their
+     function.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._ Philip king of Fran. dead. Lewis le gros K. of
+France.] In this meane time king Henrie being aduertised of the death of
+Philip king of France, and not knowing what his sonne Lewes, surnamed
+Crassus might happilie attempt in his new preferment to the crowne,
+sailed ouer into Normandie, to see the countrie in good order, and the
+townes, castels, and fortresses furnished accordinglie as the doubtfull
+time required. [Sidenote: Ambassadors from the emperour.] Now after he
+had finished his businesse on that side, he returned into England, where
+he met with ambassadours sent to him from the emperour Henrie. The
+effect of whose message was, to require his daughter Maud in mariage
+vnto the said emperour, wherevnto (though she was not then past fiue
+yeares of age) he willinglie consented, and shewing to the ambassadours
+great signes of loue, [Sidenote: Maud the kings daughter fianced vnto
+the emperour.] he caused the espousals by waie of procuration to be
+solemnized with great feasts and triumphs. This being ended, he suffered
+the ambassadors honored with great gifts and princelie rewards to
+depart.
+
+[Sidenote: _Eadmerus._ The death of Gerard archbishop of Yorke. Thomas
+the kings chapleine succéeded in that sée.] About this time Gerard
+archbishop of Yorke died, whom one Thomas the kings chapleine succeeded,
+who for lacke of monie to furnish his iournie, and for other causes (as
+in his letters of excuse, which he wrot to Anselme it dooth appeere)
+could not come to Canturburie for to be consecrated of him in so short a
+time as was conuenient. But Anselme at length admonished him by letters,
+that without delaie he should dispatch and come to be consecrated.
+[Sidenote: The doubt of Anselme.] And wheras Anselme vnderstood that the
+same Thomas was purposed to send vnto Rome for his pall, he doubted,
+least if the pope should confirme him in his see by sending to him his
+pall, he would happilie refuse to make vnto him profession of his due
+obedience. [Sidenote: Anselme writeth to the Pope.] Wherefore to preuent
+that matter, Anselme wrote to pope Paschall, requiring him in no wise to
+send vnto the nominated archbishop of Yorke his pall, till he had
+(according[3] to the ancient customes) made profession to him of
+subiection, least some troublesome contentions might thereof arise, to
+the no small disquieting of the English church. He also aduertised pope
+Paschall, that bicause he permitted the emperour to inuest bishops, and
+did not therefore excommunicate him, king Henrie threatened, that
+without doubt he would resume the inuestitures into his hands, thinking
+to hold them in quiet as well as he; and therefore besought him to
+consider what his wisedome had to doo therein with spéed, least that
+building which he had well erected, should vtterlie decaie, & fall
+againe into irrecouerable ruine. For K. Henrie maketh diligentlie
+inquirie (saith he) what order you take with the emperour.
+
+[Sidenote: The popes answer to Anselme.] The pope receiuing and perusing
+these letters, wrote againe vnto Anselme a verie freendlie answer
+concerning the archbishop of Yorke. And as for suffering of the emperour
+to haue the inuestitures, he signified to him that he neither did nor
+would suffer him to haue them: but that hauing borne with him for a
+time, he now ment verie shortlie to cause him to feele the weight of
+the spirituall sword of S. Peter, which alreadie he had drawen out of
+the scaberd, therewith to strike if he did not the sooner forsake his
+horrible errour & naughtie opinion.
+
+[Sidenote: The archbishop of Yorke refuseth to come vnto Canturburie to
+be consecrated.] There was another cause also that moued Anselme to
+doubt of the archbishop of Yorke his meaning, as after it appeered. For
+being summoned to come and receiue his consecration at Canturburie (as
+alreadie yee haue heard) through counsell of the canons Yorke he refused
+so to doo: bicause they informed him that if he so did, it should be
+greatlie preiudiciall to the liberties of that sée, whose archbishop was
+of like authoritie in all things vnto the archbishop of Canturburie, so
+that he was bound onelie to fetch his consecration and benediction at
+Canturburie, but in no wise to acknowledge anie subiection vnto that
+sée. [Sidenote: Looke in the 15. pa. of the debate betwéene Thomas of
+Yorke[4] & Lanfranke of Canturburie.[5]] ¶ For ye must vnderstand, that
+there was great stomaching betwixt the clergie of the two prouinces,
+Canturburie and Yorke, about the metropolitane prerogatiue: and euer as
+occasion serued, and as they thought the fauor of the prince, or
+opportunitie of time might aduance their quarels, they of Yorke sticked
+not to vtter their gréefes, in that (as they tooke it) some iniurie was
+offered them therein.
+
+[Sidenote: 1109] The archbishop of Yorke being thus instructed by the
+canons of his church, signified to archbishop Anselme the cause why he
+came not at his summons. The copie of a parcell whereof is here
+exemplified. "Causam, qua differtur sacratio mea, quam nemo studiosius
+quàm ego vellet accellerare, qui protulerunt, non desistunt
+corroborare. Quamobrem, quàm periculosum & quàm turpe sit, contra
+consensum ecclesiæ, cui præfici debeo, regimen ipsius inuadere, vestra
+discretio nouerit. Sed & quàm formidabile & quàm sit euitandum, sub
+specie benedictionis maledictionem induere," &c: that is;
+
+     "The cause why my consecration is deferred, which no man liuing
+     would wish to be doone with more speed than I my selfe: those
+     that haue prolonged it, ceasse not to confirme. Wherefore how
+     dangerous and how dishonest it should be for me to inuade the
+     gouernment of that church, which I ought to rule, without cōsent
+     of the same, your discretion rightwell vnderstandeth. Yea and how
+     dreadful a thing it is, and how much to be auoided to receiue a
+     cursse, vnder colour of a blessing," etc.
+
+Anselme hauing alreadie written twice vnto the said Thomas archbishop of
+Yorke about this matter, and now receiuing this answer, could not be
+quiet in mind, and therevpon taking aduice with certeine bishops whom he
+called vnto him, determined to send two bishops vnto the said Thomas of
+Yorke: [Sidenote: The bishop of London deane to the archbishop of
+Canturburie. The bishop of Rochester his chapleine.] and so the bishop
+of London (as deane to the archbishop of Canturburie) & the bishop of
+Rochester (as his household chapleine) were sent to commune with him,
+who met them at his manour of Southwell, where they declared to him the
+effect of their message: but he deferred his answer, till a messenger
+which he had sent to the king (as then being in Normandie) was returned,
+and so without any full answer the bishops came backe againe.
+
+Howbeit shortlie after, there came to Canturburie a messenger on the
+behalfe of the archbishop of Yorke, with letters inclosed vnder the
+kings seale, by the tenour whereof the king commanded Anselme, that the
+consecration of the archbishop of Yorke might staie till the feast of
+Easter; and if he might returne into England by that daie, he promised
+(by the aduice had therein of the bishops and barons of his realme) that
+he would set a direction betwixt them in all matters, whereof anie
+controuersie had beene moued heretofore: or if he could not returne so
+soone, he would yet take such order, that brotherlie loue & concord
+might remaine betwixt them. When he that brought these letters required
+an answer, Anselme answered, [Sidenote: A stout prelat.] that he would
+signifie his mind to the king, and not to his maister. Immediatlie
+therefore as the deane of Chichester sent ouer from Anselme, with a
+moonke of Bechellouin to the king, to informe him of all the matter, and
+to beséech his maiestie, by his authority to prouide, that no discord
+should rise to the diuiding of the present state of the church of
+England. Furthermore, whereas he had commanded him to grant vnto Thomas
+the archbishop of Yorke, a time of respit; [Sidenote: Anselme sendeth to
+the king.] he should take for certeine answer, that he would rather
+suffer himselfe to be cut in peeces, than to grant so much as one hours
+space on the said Thomas of Yorke, whom he knew alreadie to haue set
+himselfe vniustlie against the ancient constitutions of holie fathers,
+and against the Lord himselfe. The messengers declared these things to
+the king, and brought word backe againe at their returne, that the king
+had heard their message with fauourable mind, and promised by the power
+of God, to declare to the world that he coueted vnitie, and not any
+diuision in the church of England.
+
+[Sidenote: Anselme sick.] All this while Anselme was detained with long
+and gréeuous sicknesse, and yet not forgetfull of the obstinate dealing
+of Thomas of Yorke, he wrote letters vnto him, by vertue whereof he
+suspended him from exercising all pastorall function, till he had
+reformed his errour, submitted himselfe to receiue his blessing, and
+acknowledged his subiection to the church of Canturburie, as his
+predecessours Thomas and Gerard had doone, and before them other
+ancients, as custome had prescribed. Thus he charged him, vpon paine of
+cursing, except he would renounce his archbishops dignitie: for in so
+dooing he did grant him licence to vse the office and ministerie of a
+préest (which before time he had taken vpon him) or else not.
+
+In the same letters he prohibited all the bishops within the precinct of
+the Ile of Britaine, that in no wise they should consecrate him, vpon
+paine of cursing: and if he should chance to be consecrated by any
+stranger, that in no wise they should (vnder the like paine) receiue
+him for archbishop, or communicate with him in any condition. [Sidenote:
+Letters from Anselme.] Euerie bishop also within the whole Ile of
+Britaine had a copie of these leters directed to him from Anselme vnder
+his seale, commanding them to behaue themselues therein according to the
+contents, and as they were bound by the subiection which they owght to
+the church of Canturburie. The letters were dated alike in March.
+
+[Sidenote: 1109. An. Reg. 10.] Notwithstanding all this, vpon the 21. of
+Aprill insuing, Anselme ended his life in the sixteenth yéere after his
+first preferment to that sée, being thréescore and sixtéene yeeres of
+age. He was an Italian, borne in Piemont, néere to the Alpes, [Sidenote:
+Augusta Prætoriana.] in a citie called Aosta, he was brought vp by
+Lanfranke, and before he was made archbishop, was abbat of the
+monasterie of Bechellouin in Normandie.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. West._ The first erection of the bishoprike of Elie.
+_Eadmerus._] About the same time was the bishops sée of Elie erected by
+the king, who appointed one Haruie to be the first bishop there, who
+before had béene bishop of Bangor. Cambridgeshire was annexed to that
+see, which bicause it had of former time belonged to the see of
+Lincolne, the king gaue vnto the bishop of Lincolne (as it were in
+recompense) the towne of Spalding which was his owne. [Sidenote: Richard
+prior of Elie.] The prior of Elie, named Richard, desirous to honour
+himselfe and his house with the title of a bishops dignitie, procured
+the erection of that bishoprike, first moouing the king therein, and
+after persuading with the bishop of Lincolne to grant his good will: but
+yet yer the matter was brought to perfection, this prior died, and so
+the said Haruie enioied the roome: [Sidenote: _Polydor._] wherein the
+prouerbe tooke place, that One soweth, but an other reapeth (as Polydor
+alledgeth it.) But to procéed.
+
+[Sidenote: _Eadmerus._] Shortlie after the deceasse of Anselme, a Legat
+came from Rome, bringing with him the pall for the archbishop of Yorke.
+[Sidenote: A legate from Rome.] Howbeit now that Anselme was dead, the
+said Legat wist not what to doo in the matter, bicause he was appointed
+to deliuer the pall first and immediatlie vnto Anselme, and further
+therein to deale (concerning the bestowing thereof) as should séeme good
+vnto him.
+
+In the feast of Pentecost next insuing, the king returned from
+Normandie, and held his court at London, where after the solemnitie of
+that feast, he called an assemblie of the bishops, to vnderstand what
+was to be doone in the matter, for the consecration of the archbishop of
+Yorke. Here were the letters shewed which the archbishop Anselme had (a
+little before his death) directed vnto euerie of the bishops as before
+yee haue heard. [Sidenote: The earle of Mellent.] Which when the earle
+of Mellent had read, and vnderstood the effect, he asked what he was
+that durst receiue any such letters without the kings assent and
+commandement: [Sidenote: Samson bishop of Worcester.] At length the
+bishops aduising themselues what they had to doo, required Samson bishop
+of Worcester to declare his opinion, who boldlie spake these words;
+"Although this man, who is elected archbishop, is my sonne, whome in
+times past I begot of my wife, and therfore ought to seeke his
+aduancement as nature and worldlie respects might mooue me: yet am I
+more bound vnto the church of Canturburie, my mother, which hath
+preferred me to this honor that I doo beare, and by the ministerie of a
+bishoplike office hath made me partaker of that grace, which it hath
+deserued to enioy of the Lord. Wherefore I would it should be notified
+vnto you all, that I meane to obeie in euerie condition the commandement
+conteined in the letters of our father Anselme concerning the matter
+which you haue now in hand. For I will neuer giue mine assent, that
+Thomas nominated archbishop of Yorke shall be consecrated, till he haue
+professed his due and canonicall obedience touching his subiection to
+[Sidenote: Looke in pa. 15, where you shall sée this matter
+determined.[6]] the church of Canturburie. For I my selfe was present
+when my brother Thomas archbishop of Yorke, constreined both by ancient
+customes and inuincible reasons, did professe the like subiection vnto
+archbishop Lanfranke, and all his successours the archbishops of
+Canturburie."
+
+[Sidenote: The protestations of the bishops to the king.] These words
+thus vttered by the bishop of Worcester, all the bishops returned
+togither, comming before the kings presence, boldlie confessed that they
+had receiued Anselmes letters, and would not doo any thing contrarie to
+the tenour of the same. Whereat the earle of Mellent shooke the head, as
+though he ment to accuse them of contempt towards the king. But the
+king himselfe vttered his mind, and said, that whatsoeuer other men
+thought of the matter, he suerlie was of the like mind with the bishops,
+& would be loth to run in danger of Anselms cursse. Wherefore it was
+determined, that the elect of Yorke should either acknowledge his
+subiection to the church of Canturburie, or else forgo his dignitie of
+archbishop: wherevpon in the end he came to London, and there vpon the
+28. daie of Maie was consecrated by Richard bishop of London, as deane
+to the sée of Canturburie. Then hauing the profession or protestation of
+his subiection to the sée of Canturburie deliuered him vnder seale, he
+brake vp the same, and read the writing in maner and forme following:
+
+     [Sidenote: The tenour of the profession which the archbishop of
+     Yorke made vnto the archbishop of Canturburie.] "Ego Thomas
+     Eboracensis ecclesiæ consecrandus metropolitanus, profiteor
+     subiectionem & canonicam obedientiam sanctæ Dorobernensi ecclesiæ,
+     & eiusdem ecclesiæ primati canonicè electo & consecrato, &
+     successoribus suis canonicè inthronizatis, salua fidelitate domini
+     mei Henrici regis Anglorum, & salua obedientia ex parte mea
+     tenenda, quam Thomas antecessor meus sanctæ Romanæ ecclesiæ ex
+     parte sua professus est:" that is;
+
+     "I Thomas to be consecrated metropolitane archbishop of Yorke,
+     professe my subiection and canonicall obedience vnto the holie
+     church of Canturburie, and to the primate of the same church,
+     canonicallie elected and consecrated, and to his successours
+     canonicallie inthronized, sauing the faith which I owe vnto my
+     souereigne lord Henrie king of the English, and sauing the
+     obedience to be holden of my part, which Thomas my predecessour
+     professed on his behalfe vnto the holie church of Rome."
+
+When this writing was read, the bishop of London tooke it, and deliuered
+it vnto the prior of Canturburie, appointing him to kéepe the same as a
+testimoniall for the time to come. [Sidenote: 1110.] Thus was Thomas the
+archbishop of Yorke consecrated, being the 27. in number that had
+gouerned that sée, who when he was consecrated, the popes Legate went
+vnto Yorke, and there deliuered to the same archbishop the pall,
+wherewith when he was inuested, he departed and returned to Rome, as he
+was appointed.
+
+At the feast of Christmasse next insuing, the king held his court at
+London with great solemnitie. The archbishop of Yorke prepared to haue
+set the crown on the king's head, and to haue soong masse afore him,
+bicause the archbishops see at Canturburie was void. But the bishop of
+London would not suffer it, claiming as high deane to the sée of
+Canturburie to execute that office, and so did, leading the king to the
+church after the maner. [Sidenote: Strife betwixt bishops.] Howbeit when
+they should come to sit downe at dinner, there kindled a strife betwixt
+the said two bishops about their places, bicause the bishop of London,
+for that he had beene ordeined long before the archbishop, and therefore
+not onelie as deane to the see of Canturburie, but also by reason of
+prioritie, pretended to haue the vpper seat. But the king perceiuing
+their maner, would not heare them, but commanded them out of his house,
+and get them to dinner at their innes.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 11.] About the same time the cause of the mariage of
+préests and their keeping of women came againe into question, so that by
+the kings commandement, [Sidenote: Préests prohibited to marrie or kéepe
+women.] they were more streightlie forbidden the companie of women than
+before in Anselmes time. For after his deceasse, diuerse of them (as it
+were promising to themselues a new libertie to doo that which in his
+life time they were constreined sore against their willes to forbeare)
+deceiued themselues by their hastie dealing. For the king being informed
+thereof, by the force of the ecclesiasticall lawes compelled them to
+stand to and obeie the decree of the councell holden at London by
+Anselme (as before ye haue heard) at least wise in the sight of men. But
+if so it be (saieth Eadmerus) that the préests attempt to doo worsse, as
+it were to the condemnation and reproofe of Anselmes dooings, let the
+charge light on their heads, sith euerie man shall beare his owne
+burthen: for I know (saith he) that if fornicatours and adulterers God
+will iudge, the abusers of their one cousins (I will not say their owne
+sisters and daughters) shall not suerlie escape his iudgement.
+
+[Sidenote: The riuer of Trent dried vp.] About the same time manie
+woonders were seene and heard of. The riuer of Trent néere to Notingham,
+for the space of a mile ceassed to run the woonted course during the
+time of foure & twentie houres, so that the chanell being dried vp, men
+might passe ouer to and fro drie shod.
+
+[Sidenote: Monsters.] Also a sow brought foorth a pig with a face like a
+man, & a chicken was hatched with foure feet. [Sidenote: A comet. _Wil.
+Thorne._ _Matth. West._] Moreouer a comet or blasing star appéered in a
+strange sort: for rising in the east, when it once came aloft in the
+firmament, it kept not the course forward, but seemed to go backeward,
+as if it had bin retrograde.
+
+[Sidenote: _Iohn Stow._ Robert the kings base son created earle of
+Glocester.] About this season the king maried Robert his base sonne to
+the ladie Maud, daughter and heire to Robert Fitzham, and withall made
+his said sonne earle of Glocester, who afterwards builded the castels of
+Bristow and Cardiff, with the priorie of S. James in Bristow, where his
+bodie was buried.
+
+[Sidenote: 1111. An. Reg. 12.] In the yeare following, Foulke earle of
+Aniou, enuieng the prosperous estate of king Henrie, and lamenting the
+case of duke Robert, [Sidenote: _Fabian._ The citie of Constances[7]
+taken. The king passeth into Normandie.] wan the citie of Constances, by
+corrupting certeine of the kings subiects the inhabitants of the same.
+Whereof king Henrie being aduertised, passed ouer into Normandie,
+recouered the said citie, punished the offenders, reuenged himselfe of
+the earle, and returned into England.
+
+[Sidenote: 1112.] Now, as also before, the king continued his inordinate
+desire of inriching himselfe, for the fulfilling of which hungrie
+appetite (called _Sacra_ of the poets _Per antiphrasin_) he pinched
+manie so sore, that they ceased not to speake verie ill of his dooings.
+He did also incurre the misliking of verie manie people, bicause he kept
+still the sée of Canturburie in his hands, and would not bestow it, for
+that he found sweetnesse in all the profits and reuenues belonging
+therevnto, during the time that it remained vacant, [Sidenote: The
+archbishops sée of Canturburie in the kings hand foure years.] which was
+the space of foure yeares, or thereabouts. [Sidenote: 1113. An. Reg.
+13.] In like maner, when he was admonished to place some méet man in the
+roome, he would saie, that he was willing to bestow it, but he tooke the
+longer time, for that he meant to find such a one to prefer therto as
+should not be too far behind Lanfranke and Anselme in doctrine, vertue
+and wisedome. And sith there was none such yet to be found, he suffered
+that sée to be void till such could be prouided. [Sidenote: The kings
+excuse.] This excuse he pretended, as though he were more carefull for
+the placing of a worthie man, than of the gaine that followed during the
+time of the vacation. [Sidenote: 1114. An. Reg. 14.] Howbeit not long
+after, he translated one Richard bishop of London to that
+archbishoprike, who enioieng it but a while, he gaue the same to one
+Rafe then bishop of Rochester, [Sidenote: _Eadmerus._] and made him
+archbishop of Canturburie, being the 35. in order that ruled that see.
+He was elected at Windsor the 26. daie of Aprill, and on the 16. daie of
+Maie installed at Canturburie, great preparation being made for the
+feast which was holden at the same. Soone after likewise he sent for his
+pall to Rome, which was brought from Paschall by one Anselme nephue vnto
+the late archbishop Anselme. [Sidenote: The popes authoritie not
+regarded in England.] About this time also the pope found himselfe
+gréeued, for that his authoritie was but little estéemed in England, &
+for that no persons were permitted to appeale to Rome in cases of
+controuersie, and for that (without seeking to obteine his licence and
+consent) they did kéepe their synods & councels about ecclesiasticall
+affaires, neither would obeie such Legats as he did send, nor come to
+the conuocations which they held. In so much that one Cono the popes
+Legat in France had excommunicated all the préests of Normandie, bicause
+they would not come to a synod which they had summoned. [Sidenote: The
+bishop of Excester sent to Rome.] Wherevpon the king being somewhat
+troubled, by aduice of his councell, sent the bishop of Excester to
+Rome, (though he were then blind) to talke with the pope concerning that
+matter.
+
+[Sidenote: Thurstane archbishop of Yorke.] Not long after this Thomas
+the archbishop of Yorke died: after whom succeeded Thurstane, a man of a
+loftie stomach, but yet of notable learning, who euen at the verie first
+began to contend with Rafe the archbishop of Canturburie about the title
+and right of the primasie. And though the king aduised him to stand to
+the order which the late archbishops of Yorke had obserued, yet he would
+not staie the matter, sith he saw that archbishop Rafe being sicke and
+diseased, could not attend to preuent his dooings. [Sidenote: Giles
+Aldane bishop of S. Ninian.] Thurstane therfore consecrated certeine
+bishops of Scotland, and first of all Giles Aldane the elect bishop of
+S. Ninian, who promised and tooke his oth (as the manner is) to obeie
+him in all things as his primate.
+
+[Sidenote: _Floriacensis._ _Wigorniensis._ Worcester burnt. _Polydor._
+The Welshmen inuade the english marshes. K. Henrie entreth into Wales
+with an armie.] The citie of Worcester about this season was by a
+casuall fire almost wholie burnt vp and consumed. Which mishap, bicause
+that citie ioineth néere vnto Wales, was thought to be a signification
+of troubles to folow by the insurrection of the Welshmen: who conceiuing
+hope of good speed by their good successe in the wars held with William
+Rufus, began now to inuade & waste the English marshes. Whervpon king
+Henrie desirous to tame their hautie stomachs (bicause it was a gréefe
+to him still to be vexed with such tumults and vprisings as they dailie
+procured) assembled a mightie armie and went into Wales. Now bicause he
+knew the Welshmen trusted more to the woods and mountains, than to their
+owne strength, he beset all the places of their refuge with armed men,
+and sent into the woods certeine bands to laie them waste, & to hunt the
+Welsh out of their holes. The soldiours (for their parts) néeded no
+exhortation: for remembring the losses susteined afore time at the
+Welshmens hands, they shewed well by their fresh pursute, how much they
+desired to be reuenged, so that the Welsh were slaine on each hand, and
+that in great numbers, till the king perceiued the huge slaughter, & saw
+that hauing throwne away their armour and weapons, they sought to saue
+themselues by flight, he commanded the souldiours to ceasse from
+killing, and to take the residue that were left prisoners, if they would
+yéeld themselues: which they did, and besought the king of his mercie
+and grace to pardon and forgiue them.
+
+[Sidenote: Garisons placed in Wales by K. Henrie. _Floriacensis._
+_Wigorniensis._] The king thus hauing vanquished and ouercome the
+Welshmen, placed garisons in sundrie townes & castels, where he thought
+most necessarie, and then returned to London with great triumph. Thither
+shortlie after came ambassadours from the emperour, requiring the kings
+daughter affianced (as before you haue heard) vnto him, and (being[8]
+now viripotent or mariable) desired that she might be deliuered vnto
+them. [Sidenote: A subsidie raised by the king to bestowe with his
+daughter. _Hen. Hunt._ _Polydor._] King Henrie hailing heard their sute
+and willing with spéed to performe the same, raised a great tax among
+his subiects, rated after euerie hide of land which they held, & taking
+of ech one thrée shillings towards the paiment of the monie which was
+couenanted to be giuen with hir at the time of the contract. Which when
+the king had leuied, with much more, towards the charges to be emploied
+in sending hir foorth, he appointed certeine of his greatest péeres to
+safe conduct hir vnto hir husband, who with all conuenient speed
+conueied hir into Germanie, and in verie honorable maner there deliuered
+hir vnto the foresaid emperour. [Sidenote: The king goeth ouer into
+Normandie.] After this, the king went into Normandie, and there created
+his sonne William duke of that countrie, causing the people to sweare
+fealtie and obedience to him, whereof rose a custome, that the kings of
+England from thencefoorth (so long as Normandie remained in their hands)
+made euer their eldest sonnes dukes of that countrie. When he had doone
+this with other his businesse in Normandie, he returned into England.
+
+[Sidenote: 1114.] [Sidenote: The sea decreaseth. Wonders. _Wil.
+Thorne._] In this yeare about the fiftéenth daie of October, the sea so
+decreased and shranke from the old accustomed water-markes and coasts of
+the land here in this realme, that a man might haue passed on foot ouer
+the sands and washes, for the space of a whole daie togither, so that it
+was taken for a great woonder. It was also noted, that the maine riuers
+(which by the tides of the sea vsed to ebbe and flow twice in 24.
+houres) became so shallow, that in many places men might go ouer them
+without danger, [Sidenote: _Simon Dun._ _Ran. Higd._ _Matth. Westm._]
+and namlie the riuer of Thames was so lowe for the space of a day and a
+night, that horsses, men, and children passed ouer it betwixt London
+bridge and the tower, and also vnder the bridge, the water not reaching
+aboue their knées. Moreouer, in the moneth of December, the aire
+appeared red, as though it had burned. [Sidenote: 1115. An. Reg. 16.] In
+like maner, the Winter was verie extreame cold with frosts, by reason
+whereof at the thawing and breaking of the yce, the most part of all
+the bridges in England were broken and borne downe.
+
+[Sidenote: 1116. An. Reg. 17.] [Sidenote: Griffin ap Rice dooth much
+hurt on the marshes. _Polydor._] Not long after this, Griffin ap Rees
+tooke a great preie and bootie out of the countries subiect to the king
+within the limits of Wales, and burned the kings castels, bicause he
+would not restore such lands and possessions vnto him as apperteined to
+his father Rées or Rice. Howbeit, the king (notwithstanding this
+businesse) being not otherwise troubled with any other warres or
+weightie affaires, deferred his voiage into those quarters, and first
+called a councell of his lords both spirituall and temporall at
+Salisburie on the nintéenth daie of March, wherein manie things were
+ordeined for the wealth and quiet state of the land. And first he sware
+the Nobilitie of the realme, that they should be true to him and his
+sonne William after his deceasse. Secondlie, he appeased sundrie matters
+then in controuersie betwixt the Nobles and great Péers, causing the
+same to be brought to an end, and the parties made freends: the diuision
+betwixt the archbishops of Yorke and Canturburie (which had long
+depended in triall, and could not as yet haue end) excepted. [Sidenote:
+Thurstane refuseth to obey the kings pleasure. _Eadmerus._] For
+ambitious Thurstane would not stand to any decrée or order therin,
+except he might haue had his whole will, so that the king taking
+displeasure with him for his obstinate demeanor, commanded him either to
+be conformable to the decrée made in Lanfranks time, or else to renounce
+his miter, which to doo (rather than to acknowledge any subiection to
+the archbishop of Canturburie) he séemed to be verie willing at the
+first, but afterwards repented him of his speech passed in that behalfe.
+Now when the councell was ended, and the king went ouer into Normandie,
+he followed, trusting by some meanes to persuade the king, that he might
+haue his furtherance to be consecrated, without recognizing any
+obedience to the sée of Canturburie: but the king would not heare him,
+whereby the matter rested long in sute, as heereafter shall appeare.
+
+¶ Hereby it is plaine (as Polydor saith) how the bishops in those daies
+were blinded with couetousnesse and ambition, not considering that it
+was their duties to despise such worldlie pompe, as the people regard,
+and that their calling required a studious endeuour for the health of
+such soules as fell to their charge. Neither yet remembred they the
+simplicitie of Christ, and his contempt of worldlie dignitie, when he
+refused to satisfie the humor of the people, who verie desirouslie would
+haue made him a king, but withdrew himselfe, and departed to a mountaine
+himselfe alone. They were rather infected with the ambition of the
+apostles, contending one with another for the primasie, forgetting the
+vocation whereto Christ had separated them, not to rule as kings ouer
+the gentiles; but to submit their necks to the yokes of obedience, as
+they had Christ their maister an example and president.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Sidenote: The first vse of parlements in England.] ¶ Here is to be
+noted, that before this time, the kings of England vsed but seldome to
+call togither the states of the realme after any certeine maner or
+generall kind of processe, to haue their consents in matters to be
+decreed. But as the lords of the priuie councell in our time doo sit
+onlie when necessitie requireth, so did they whensoeuer it pleased the
+king to haue any conference with them. So that from this Henrie it may
+be thought the first vse of the parlement to haue proceeded, which sith
+that time hath remained in force, and is continued vnto our times,
+insomuch that whatsoeuer is to be decreed touching the state of the
+commonwealth and conseruation thereof, is now referred to that councell.
+And furthermore, if any thing be appointed by the king or any other
+person to be vsed for the wealth of the realme, it shall not yet be
+receiued as law, till by authoritie of this assemblie it be established.
+
+Now bicause the house should not be troubled with multitude of vnlearned
+cōmoners, whose propertie is to vnderstand little reason, and yet to
+conceiue well of their owne dooings: there was a certeine order taken,
+what maner of ecclesiasticall persons, and what number and sort of
+temporall men should be called vnto the same, and how they should be
+chosen by voices of free holders, that being as atturnies for their
+countries, that which they confessed or denied, should bind the residue
+of the realme to receiue it as a law. This counsell is called a
+parlement, by the French word, for so the Frenchmen call their publike
+assemblies.
+
+[Sidenote: The maner of the parlement in England] The maner of their
+consulting heere in England in their said assemblies of parlement is on
+this wise. Whereas they haue to intreat of matters touching the
+commoditie both of the prince and of the people, that euerie man may
+haue free libertie to vtter what he thinketh, they are appointed to sit
+in seuerall chambers, the king, the bishops, and lords of the realme sit
+in one chamber to conferre togither by themselues; and the commoners
+called knights for the shires, citizens of cities, and burgesses of good
+townes in another. These choose some wise, eloquent, and learned man to
+be their prolocutor or speaker (as they terme him) who propoundeth those
+things vnto them that are to be talked of, and asketh euerie mans
+opinion concerning the conclusion thereof. In like sort, when any thing
+is agreed vpon, and decreed by them in this place (which they call the
+lower house in respect of their estate) he declareth it againe to the
+lords that sit in the other chamber called the higher house, demanding
+likewise their iudgments touching the same. For nothing is ratified
+there, except it be agreed vpon by the consent of the more part of both
+those houses. Now when they haue said their minds, and yeelded their
+confirmation therevnto, the finall ratification is referred to the
+prince; so that if he thinke good that it shall passe for a law, he
+confirmeth also by the mouth of the lord Chancelor of the realme, who is
+prolocutor to the lords alwaies by the custome of that house.
+
+The same order is vsed also by the bishops and spiritualtie in their
+conuocation houses. For the bishops sit in one place by themselues as in
+the higher house, and the deanes, archdeacons, and other procurators of
+the spiritualtie in an other, as in the lower house, whose prolocutor
+declareth to the bishops what is agreed vpon by them. Then the
+archbishop (by consent of the more part of them that are assembled in
+both those conuocation houses) ratifieth and pronounceth their decrees
+for lawes, remitting (notwithstanding) the finall ratification of them
+to the temporall houses.
+
+This is the order of the lawgiuing of England; and in such decrees
+(established by authoritie of the prince, the lords spirituall and
+temporall, and the commons of this realme thus assembled in parlement)
+consisteth the whole force of our English lawes. Which decrees are
+called statutes, meaning by that name, that the same should stand firme
+and stable, and not be repealed without the consent of an other
+parlement, and that vpon good and great consideration.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+About this season, one Owin (whome some name prince of Wales) was
+slaine, [Sidenote: _Simon Dun._] as Simon Dunelmen. writeth, but by
+whom, or in what sort, he sheweth not. In this eightéenth yeare of king
+Henries reigne, on All hallowes daie, or first of Nouember, great
+lightning, thunder, and such a storme of haile fell, that the people
+were maruellouslie amazed therwith. Also on the thirtéenth of December,
+there happened a great earthquake, and the moone was turned into a
+bloodie colour: which strange accidents fell about the middest of the
+night. At the same time quéene Maud, wife to king Henrie departed this
+life. But now to returne to other dooings.
+
+It chanced vpon a small occasion, that verie sore and dangerous warres
+followed out of hand, betwixt king Henrie and Lewes surnamed the grosse
+king of France: the beginning whereof grew herevpon. [Sidenote: Theobald
+erle of Champaigne. _Polydor._] Theobald earle of Champaigne, descended
+of the earles of Blois, was linked in amitie with king Henrie, by reason
+of affinitie that was betwixt them (for Stephan the earle of Blois
+married ladie Adila the sister of king Henrie.) Now it happened, that
+the foresaid Theobald had by chance offended the said Lewes, who in
+reuenge made sharpe warres vpon him. But earle Theobald hoping for aid
+to be sent from his fréends in the meane time valiantlie resisted him,
+[Sidenote: _Hen. Hunt._] and at length (by reason of a power of men
+which came to him from king Henrie) in such sort vexed and annoied the
+French king, that he consulted with Baldwine earle of Flanders,
+[Sidenote: Foulke earle of Aniou.] and Foulke earle of Aniou, by what
+means he might best depriue king Henrie of his duchie of Normandie, and
+restore the same vnto William the sonne of duke Robert, vnto whom of
+right he said it did belong.
+
+Now king Henrie hauing intelligence of his whole purpose, endeauoured on
+the otherside to resist his attempts, and after he had leuied a sore
+tribute of his subiects, [Sidenote: King Henrie passeth ouer into
+Normandie to assist the erle of Champaigne.] passed ouer into Normandie
+with a great power, and no small masse of monie, where ioining with
+earle Theobald, they began to prepare for warre, purposing to follow the
+same euen to the vttermost. K. Lewes in the meane time, supposing that
+all hope of victorie rested in spéedie dispatch of present affaires,
+determined likewise to haue inuaded Normandie vpon the sudden. But after
+he perceiued that his enimies were all in a redinesse, and verie well
+prouided to resist him: he staied and drew backe a little while.
+Neuerthelesse in the end he became so desirous to be dooing with king
+Henrie, [Sidenote: The French K. inuadeth Normandie.] that approching
+néere vnto the confines of Normandie, he made manie skirmishes with the
+English, yet no notable exploit passed betwixt them in that yeare.
+
+¶ Here will I leaue the kings of England and France skirmishing and
+encountring one another, and shew something more of the contention that
+was betwéene the archbishops of Canturburie and Yorke, to the end that
+their ambitious desire of worldlie honor may in some respect appéere.
+
+[Sidenote: 1117. An. Reg. 18.] [Sidenote: Anselme the popes legat.]
+About this verie time, Anselme the nephue to archbishop Anselme came
+againe from Rome, with frée authoritie to execute the office of the
+popes legat in England: which seemed a thing right strange to the
+English clergie. [Sidenote: The bishop of Canturburie goth to Rome]
+Wherefore the bishop of Canturburie, to preuent other inconueniences
+likelie to insue, tooke vpon him to go vnto Rome, to vnderstand the
+popes pleasure concerning the truth and certeintie of this matter, and
+to require him in no wise to diminish the authoritie or to extenuat the
+prerogatiue of his sée of Canturburie, which hitherto vsed to determine
+all causes rising in his prouince.
+
+This said archbishop came to Rome, but finding not the pope there, he
+sent messengers with letters vnto him, then lieng sicke at Beneuento,
+and obteined a fauourable answer, wherewith returning towards England,
+he came to the king at Roan (where he had left him at his setting foorth
+forward) certifieng him how he had sped in this voiage. The forsaid
+Anselme was also staid by the king at Roan, and could not be suffered to
+passe ouer into England all that time, till it might be vnderstood by
+the returne of the archbishop, what the popes pleasure should be further
+in that matter. [Sidenote: Pope Gelasius succéeded pope[9] Paschall.]
+Shortlie after whose repaire to the king, word was brought that pope
+Paschall was departed this life, and that Gelasius the second was
+elected in his place. [Sidenote: 1118. An. Reg. 19.] This Gelemasius (to
+auoid the dangers that might insue to him by reason of the schisme and
+controuersie betwixt the sée of Rome, and the emperour Henrie the fift)
+came into France, where he liued not long, but died in the abbeie of
+Clugnie, [Sidenote: Carlixtus the second of that name pope.] after whose
+decease Calixtus the second was called to the papasie.
+
+Thus by the chance and change of popes, the legatship of Anselme could
+take no place, although his bulles permitted him without limitation or
+time, not onelie to call and celebrate synods for reformation of
+disorders in the church, but also for the receiuing of Peter pence to be
+leuied in England (in the which point pope Paschall in his life time
+thought them in England verie slacke) as by the same bulles more
+largelie dooth appéere. The archbishop of Canturburie had alreadie
+staied foure or fiue yeares in the parties beyond the sées, about the
+matter in controuersie betwixt him and Thurstane archbishop of Yorke,
+who was likewise gone ouer to solicit his cause. But where as at the
+first he could not find the king in anie wise agréeable to his mind, yet
+when the councell should be holden at Rhemes by pope Calixt, he sued at
+the leastwise for licence to go thither: but he could neither haue any
+grant so to doo, till he had promised (vpon his allegiance which he
+ought to the king) not to attempt anie thing there that might be
+preiudiciall to the church of Canturburie in anie maner of wise.
+Neuerthelesse, at his comming thither, he so wrought with bribes and
+large gifts, that the popes court (a thing easilie doone in Rome)
+fauoured his cause; yea, such was his successe, that the pope
+consecrated him with his owne hands, although king Henrie had giuen
+notice to him of the controuersie depending betwixt Thurstane and Rafe
+the archbishop of Canturburie, requiring him in no wise either to
+consecrate Thurstane himselfe, or grant licence to anie other person to
+consecrate him; for if he did, surelie (for his part) he would banish
+him quite out of his dominion, which should not be long vndoone. But now
+to the purpose.
+
+[Sidenote: 1119. An. Reg. 20.] [Sidenote: The two kings of England &
+France ioine battell.] In this meane time, the warres were busilie
+pursued betwixt the two kings of England & France, and a battell was
+fought betweene them, with great slaughter on both sides for the space
+of nine houres. The forewards on both parties were beaten downe and
+ouerthrowne; [Sidenote: King Henrie hurt in the battell.] and king
+Henrie receiued sundrie stripes on his head at the hands of one William
+Crispine countie de Eureux, so as (though his helmet were verie strong
+and sure) the blood burst out of his mouth: wherewith he was nothing
+afraid, but like a fierce lion laid more lustilie about him, and stroke
+downe diuerse of his enimies, namelie the said Crispine, [Sidenote: The
+earle of Eureux taken prisoner.] who was there taken prisoner at the
+kings feet. Now were the kings people incouraged at the valiancie and
+prowesse of their king and chieftaine, so that at length they opened and
+ouercame the maine battell, and setting vpon the rereward, ouerthrew the
+whole armie of France, which neuer recoiled, but fought it out euen to
+the vttermost. There died and were taken prisoners in this conflict
+manie thousands of men. The French king leauing the field, [Sidenote:
+Andelei. Nicasium.] got him vnto a place called Andelie: and the king of
+England recouering a towne by the waie called Nicasium, which the French
+king had latelie woone, returned vnto Rouen, where he was with great
+triumph receiued, and highlie commended for his noble victorie thus
+atchiued.
+
+The earle of Flanders (as some write) was so wounded in this battell,
+that he died thereof. [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _Ia. Meir._] But others
+affirme, that cōming into Normandie in the yeare last past, to make
+warre against king Henrie in fauour of king Lewes, he wan the towne of
+Andelie, and an other which they name Aquæ Nicasij. [Sidenote: The earle
+of Flanders wounded. He departed this life.] But as he was come before
+the towne of Augen in the moneth of September, and assailed the same, he
+receiued his deaths wound in the head, wherevpon returning home in the
+ninth moneth after, when he could not be cured of his hurt, he departed
+this life at Rosilare the 17. daie of June.
+
+[Sidenote: Foulke earle of Aniou became the king of Englands man.]
+Shortlie after Foulke earle of Aniou (who before had aided the French
+king against king Henrie) became now king Henries freend by aliance,
+marieng his daughter to William king Henries eldest sonne. But the
+French king (as their histories make mention) minding still to be
+reuenged of the earle Theobald, inuaded his countrie againe with a
+puissant armie, and had destroied the citie of Chartres, which belonged
+vnto the same earle, had not the citizens humbled themselues to his
+mercie: and so likewise did the earle, as may be thought. For in the
+warres which immediatlie followed betwixt Lewes and the emperour Henrie,
+the erle aided the French king against the same emperour to[10] the
+vttermost of his power. [Sidenote: The king and the pope come to an
+enteruew at Gisors.] Soone after this, the king came to an enteruiew
+with pope Calixtus at Gisors, where manie matters were talked of betwixt
+them: and amongst other, the king required of the pope a grant of all
+such liberties as his father enioied within the limits of England and
+Normandie, and chéefelie that no legat should haue any thing to doo
+within England, except he required to haue one sent him for some vrgent
+cause.
+
+[Sidenote: The pope is a suiter for Thurstane] All which matters being
+determined (as the state of the time present required) the pope besought
+the king to be good vnto archbishop Thurstane, and to restore him to his
+sée: but the king protested that he had vowed neuer so to doo whilest he
+liued. [Sidenote: The pope offereth to discharge the K. of his vow.]
+Wherevnto the pope answered, that he was pope, and by his apostolike
+power he would discharge him of that vow, if he would satisfie his
+request. The king to shift the matter off, promised the pope that he
+would take aduice of his councell, and giue him further knowledge, as
+the cause required, wherevpon departing from thense, [Sidenote:
+_Eadmerus._ The kings answer sent to the pope.] he did afterwards (vpon
+farther deliberation) send him this message, in effect as followeth.
+
+     "Whereas he saith he is pope, and will (as he said) assoile me of
+     the vow which I haue made, if contrarie thereto I will restore
+     Thurstane to the sée of Yorke: I thinke it not to stand with the
+     honor of a king, to consent in any wise vnto such an absolution.
+     For who shall beléeue an others promise hereafter, if by mine
+     example he sée the same so easilie by an absolution to be made
+     void. [Sidenote: _Simon Dun._ _Eadmerus._] But sith he hath so
+     great a desire to haue Thurstane restored, I shall be contented at
+     his request, to receiue him to his sée, with this condition, that
+     he shall acknowledge his church to be subiect vnto the sée of
+     Canturburie, as his predecessours haue doone before him; although
+     in fine this offer would not serue the turne."
+
+[Sidenote: 1120.] But now to returne againe to the two princes.
+[Sidenote: _Simon Dun._] [Sidenote: An. Reg. 21.] Not long after the
+departure of the pope from Gisors, Foulke earle of Aniou found meanes to
+make an agreement betwixt king Henrie & king Lewes, so that king William
+sonne to king Henrie did homage vnto king Lewes for the duchie of
+Normandie. [Sidenote: The kings of England and France are accorded.
+_Wil. Malm._ _Eadmerus._] And further it was accorded betwéene them,
+that all those that had borne armour either on the one side or the
+other, should be pardoned, whose subiects[11] soeuer they were. In like
+maner, Rafe archbishop of Canturburie returned into England, after he
+had remained long in Normandie, bicause of the controuersie betwixt him
+and Thurstan archbishop of Yorke, as is aforesaid.
+
+[Sidenote: Alexander K. of Scots.] Now shortlie after his returne to
+Canturburie, messengers came with letters from Alexander king of
+Scotland vnto him, signifieng, that where the sée of S. Andrews was
+void, the same king did instantlie require him to send ouer Eadmer a
+moonke of Canturburie (of whom he had heard great commendation for his
+sufficiencie of vertue and learning) to be seated there. ¶ This Eadmer
+is the same which wrote the historie intituled Historia nouorum in
+Anglia, out of which (as may appeare) we haue gathered the most part of
+our matters concerning Anselme and Rafe archbishops of Canturburie, in
+whose daies he liued, [Sidenote: Eadmer Anselmes disciple.] and was
+Anselmes disciple.
+
+Archbishop Rafe was contented to satisfie the request of king Alexander
+in that behalfe, and obteining the consent of king Henrie, he sent the
+said Eadmer into Scotland with letters of commendation vnto the said
+king Alexander, who receiued him right ioifullie, and vpon the third
+daie after his comming thither (being the feast of the apostles Peter &
+Paule) he was elected archbishop of S. Andrews by the clergie and people
+of the land, to the great reioicing of Alexander, and the rest of the
+Nobilitie. The next daie after the king talked with him secretlie of his
+consecration, and vttered to him how he had no mind to haue him
+consecrated at the hands of Thurstan archbishop of Yorke. In which case
+when he was informed by the said Eadmer, that no such thing needed to
+trouble his mind, since the archbishop of Canturburie, being primate of
+all Britaine, might consecrate him as reason was; the king could not
+away with that answer, bicause he would not heare that the church of
+Canturburie should be preferred before the church of S. Andrews.
+Herevpon he departed from Eadmer in displeasure, and calling one William
+(sometime moonke of S. Edmundsbury) vnto him, a man also that had
+gouerned (or rather spoiled) the church of S. Andrews in the vacation:
+this William was commanded to take vpon him the charge thereof againe,
+at the kings pleasure, whose meaning was vtterlie to remooue Eadmer, as
+not worthie of that roome. Howbeit, within a moneth after (to satisfie
+the minds of his Nobles) he called for the said Eadmer, [Sidenote:
+Eadmer receiueth his staffe from an altar.] and with much adoo got him
+to receiue the staffe of that bishoprike, taking it from an altar
+whereon it laie (as if he shuld haue that dignitie at the Lords hands)
+whereby he was inuested, & went streight to S. Andrews church, where he
+was receiued by the quier, the schollers, and all the people, for true
+and lawfull bishop.
+
+In this meane while Thurstan nothing slacking his sute in the popes
+court, obteined such fauour (wherein the king of England also was
+greatlie laboured vnto) that he wrote letters thrice vnto the king of
+Scotland, and once vnto the archbishop of Canturburie, that neither the
+king should permit Eadmer to be consecrated, nor the archbishop of
+Canturburie in any wise consecrate him if he were therevnto required.
+Herevpon it came to passe, that finally Eadmer, after he had remained in
+Scotland twelue moneths or thereabouts, and perceiued that things went
+not as he would haue wished (for that he could not get the kings consent
+that he shuld be consecrated of the archbishop of Canturburie, as it was
+first meant both by the archbishop and Eadmer) he departed out of
+Scotland, and returned againe to Canturburie, there to take further
+aduice in all things as cause should mooue him. [Sidenote: King Henrie
+returneth into England. _Ran. Higd._ _Wil. Malm._ _Polydor._ _Matth.
+Paris._ The kings sonnes and his daughter with other Nobles are drowned
+by shipwracke.] In like maner king Henrie, hauing quieted his businesse
+in France, returned into England, where he was receiued and welcomed
+home with great ioy and triumph; but such publike reioising lasted not
+long with him. For indéed, this pleasantnesse and mirth was changed into
+mourning, by aduertisement giuen of the death of the kings sons, William
+duke of Normandie, and Richard his brother, who togither with their
+sister the ladie Marie countesse of Perch, Richard earle of Chester,
+with his brother Otwell gouernour to duke William, and the said earle of
+Chester his wife the kings neece, the archdeacon of Hereford, Geffrey
+Riddle, Robert Manduit, William Bigot, and diuerse other, to the number
+of an hundreth and fourtie persons, besides fiftie mariners, tooke ship
+at Harflew, thinking to follow the king, and sailing foorth with a south
+wind, their ship thorough negligence of the mariners (who had drunke out
+their wits & reason) were throwne vpon a rocke, and vtterlie perished on
+the coast of England, vpon the 25. of Nouember, so that of all the
+companie none escaped but one butcher, who catching hold of the mast,
+was driuen with the same to the shore which was at hand, and so saued
+from that dangerous shipwracke. [Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._] Duke William
+might also haue escaped verie well, if pitie had not mooued him more
+than the regard of his owne preseruation. For being gotten into the
+shipboat, and lanching toward the land, he heard the skréeking of his
+sister in dredfull danger of drowning, and crieng out for succour;
+wherevpon he commanded them that rowed the boat to turne backe to the
+ship, and to take hir in. [Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._ _Matth. Paris._] But
+such was the prease of the companie that stroue to leape in with her,
+that it streightwaies sanke, so that all those which were alreadie in
+the boat were cast awaie.
+
+[Sidenote: Looke in page 39.[12]] ¶ Here (by the way) would be noted the
+vnaduised speech of William Rufus to the shipmaister, whom he emboldened
+with a vaine and desperat persuasion in tempestuous weather and high
+seas to hoise vp sailes; adding (for further encouragement) that he
+neuer heard of any king that was drowned. In which words (no doubt) he
+sinned presumptuouslie against God, who in due time punished that
+offense of his in his posteritie and kinred, euen by the same element,
+whose fearsenes he himselfe séemed so little to regard, as if he would
+haue commanded the stormes to cease; as we read Christ did in the
+gospell by the vertue and power of his word. Here is also to be noted
+the variablenes of fortune (as we commonlie call it) or rather the
+vncerteine and changeable euent of things, which oftentimes dooth raise
+vp (euen in the[13] minds of princes) troblesome thoughts, and gréeuous
+passions, to the great empairing of their quietnesse: as here we sée
+exemplified in king Henrie, whose mirth was turned into mone, and his
+pleasures relished with pangs of pensifenes, contrarie to his
+expectation when he was in the midst of his triumph at his returne out
+of France into England. So that we see the old adage verified, Miscentur
+tristia lætis; and that saieng of an old poet iustified;
+
+    [Sidenote: _Hesiod. in lib. cui tit. opera & dies._]
+    "Sæua nouerca dies nunc est, nunc mater amica."
+
+[Sidenote: 1121. An. Reg. 22] But to returne to the historie. King
+Henrie being thus depriued of issue to succeed him, did not a little
+lament that infortunate chance: but yet to restore that losse, shortlie
+after, euen the 10. of Aprill next ensuing, [Sidenote: _Eadmerus._ _Hen.
+Hunt._ The king marieth againe.] he maried his second wife named
+Adelicia, a ladie of excellent beautie, and noble conditions, daughter
+to the duke of Louaine, and descended of the noble dukes of Loraine,
+howbeit he could neuer haue any issue by hir. [Sidenote: _Eadmerus._
+The pope writeth to king Henrie, in fauour of the archbishop Thurstan, &
+accurseth him with the archbishop of Canturburie.] The archbishop
+Thurstan (after the manner of obteining suites in the court of Rome)
+found such fauour at the hands of pope Calixt, that he directed his
+letters as well to king Henrie, as to Rafe archbishop of Canturburie, by
+vertue whereof he accursed them both, and interdicted as well the
+prouince of Yorke as Canturburie from the vse of all maner of
+sacraments: from baptisme of infants, the penance of them that died
+onelie excepted: if archbishop Thurstan were not suffered (within one
+moneth next after the receipt of those letters) to inioie his see,
+without compelling him to make any promise of subiection at all. The
+king to be out of trouble, permitted Thurstan to returne into the
+realme, and so repaire vnto Yorke; but with condition, that he should
+not exercise any iurisdiction out of his owne diocesse as metropolitane,
+till he had confessed his obstinat errour, and acknowleged his obedience
+to the church of Canturburie.
+
+[Sidenote: The Welshmen make sturres. _Eadmerus._ The king raiseth an
+armie to go against the Welshmen.] Whilest these things were thus a
+dooing, king Henrie was aduertised, that the Welshmen breaking the
+peace, did much hurt on the marshes, & speciallie in Cheshire where they
+had burned two castells. Meaning therefore to be reuenged on them to the
+vttermost, he assembled an armie out of all parts of his realme, and
+entred with the same into Wales. The Welshmen, hearing that the king was
+come with such puissance to inuade them, were afraid, and forthwith sent
+ambassadours, beséeching him to grant them pardon and peace. [Sidenote:
+The Welshmen sue for peace.] The king mooued with their humble
+petitions, tooke hostages of them, & remitted them for that time,
+considering that in mainteining of warre against such maner of people,
+there was more feare of losse than hope of gaine. [Sidenote: More doubt
+of losse than hope of gaine, by the warres against the Welshmen.] But
+yet to prouide for the quietnes of his subiects which inhabited néere
+the marshes, that they shuld not be ouerrun and harried dailie by them
+(as oftentimes before they had béene) he appointed Warren earle of
+Shrewesburie to haue the charge of the marshes, that peace might be the
+better kept and mainteined in the countrie.
+
+[Sidenote: _Simon Dun._ A chanell cast from Torksey to Lincolne.] Soone
+after king Henrie caused a chanell to be cast along the countrie in
+Lincolnshire, from Torksey to the citie of Lincolne, that vessels might
+haue passage out of the riuer of Trent vnto the same. [Sidenote: Norham
+castell built. _H. Hunt._] Moreouer, Rafe bishop of Durham began to
+build the castell of Norham, vpon the bank of the riuer of Twéed.
+
+At this time likewise Foulke Earle of Aniou being now come out of the
+holie land (whither he went after the peace was made betwixt king Henrie
+and the French king) began to picke a quarrell against king Henrie, for
+withholding the iointure of his daughter, who (as before you haue heard)
+was married vnto William the kings sonne that was drowned. He also gaue
+hir sister in mariage vnto William the sonne of duke Robert, assigning
+vnto him the earledome of Maime to enioy in the right of his wife.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] In the meane time, king Henrie visited the north
+parts of his realme, to vnderstand the state of the countrie, and to
+prouide for the suertie and good gouernement thereof, as was thought
+requisite.
+
+[Sidenote: 1122.] [Sidenote: 13. Kalends of Nouember.] [Sidenote: An.
+Reg. 23.] In the yeare next ensuing, the twentith of October, Rafe
+archbishop of Canturburie departed this life, after he had ruled that
+see the space of 8. yeares, in whose roome succéeded one William
+archbishop, who was in number the eight and twentith from Augustine.
+Moreouer, Henrie the sonne of earle Blois, who before was abbat of
+Glastenburie, was now made bishop of Winchester, a man for his singular
+bountie, gentlenesse and modestie greatlie beloued of the English.
+
+But to returne to the affaires of the king. It chanced about this time,
+that the parts beyond the sea (being[14] now void of a gouernour (as they
+suppose) by meanes of the death of the kings sonne) began to make
+commotions. [Sidenote: 1123. An. Reg. 24.] [Sidenote: Robert earle of
+Mellent rebelleth. _Hen. Hunt._ The castle of Roan fortified. _Matth.
+Paris._] Soone after it came also to passe that Robert earle of Mellent
+rebelled against the king, who being spéedilie aduertised thereof,
+sailed foorthwith into those quarters, and besieged the castell of
+Ponteaudemer perteining to the said earle, and tooke it. About the same
+time also the king fortified the castell of Roan, causing a mightie
+thick wall with turrets thereabout as a fortification to be made.
+Likewise, he repaired the castell of Caen, the castels of Arches,
+Gisors, Faleise, Argentone, Damfront, Vernon, Ambres, with others, &
+made them strong. [Sidenote: 1124. An. Reg. 25.] [Sidenote: _Polydor._
+_H. Hunt._ _Matth. Paris._] In the meane season, the earle of Mellent
+(desirous to be reuenged of king Henrie) procured aid where he could,
+and so with Hugh earle of Mountfert entred into Normandie, wasting and
+destroieng the countrie with fire and sword, thinking yer long to bring
+the same to obedience. But the kings chamberlaine and lieutenant in
+those parts, named William de Tankeruile, being thereof aduertised, laid
+an ambush for them, and training them within the danger thereof, set
+vpon them, and after long fight, tooke them twaine prisoners, with
+diuers other, and presented them both vnto the king, whereby the warres
+ceassed in that countrie for a time.
+
+The king hauing in this maner purchased quietnesse by the sword, gaue
+himselfe somewhat to the reformation of his house, and among other
+things which he redressed, [Sidenote: Long haire redressed in the court.
+_Matth. West._] he caused all his knights and men of warre to cut their
+haire short, after the maner of the Frenchmen, whereas before they ware
+the same long after the vsage of women.
+
+[Sidenote: 1125. An. Reg. 26.] [Sidenote: Johannes Cremensis a legat
+sent into England.] After this also, in the yeare 1125. a cardinall
+named Johannes Cremensis was sent into England from pope Honorius the
+second, to sée reformation in certeine points touching the church: but
+his cheefe errand was to correct preests that still kept their wiues
+with them. At his first comming ouer he soiourned in colledges of
+cathedrall churches, and in abbeies, addicting himselfe to lucre &
+wantonnesse, reaping where he had not sowen. At length, about the feast
+of the natiuitie of our ladie, he called a conuocation of the cleargie
+at London, where making an oration, he inueihed sore against those of
+the spiritualtie that were spotted with any note of incontinencie. Manie
+thought themselues touched with his words, who hauing smelled somewhat
+of his secret tricks, that whereas he was a most licentious liuer, and
+an vnchast person of bodie and mind, vet he was so blinded, that he
+could not perceiue the beame in his own eies, whilest he espied a mote
+in another mans. Herevpon they grudged, that he should in such wise call
+other men to accompts for their honest demeanor of life, which could not
+render any good reckoning of his owne: insomuch that they watched him so
+narrowlie, that in the euening (after he had blown his horne so lowd
+against other men; in declaring that it was a shamefull vice to rise
+from the side of a strumpet, and presume to sacrifice the bodie of
+Christ) he was taken in bed with a strumpet, to his owne shame and
+reproch. [Sidenote: But this shuld not séem to be any iust excuse, for
+_M.P._ saith that the same day he consecrated the Lords bodie, &
+therefore he must néeds be a préest.] But being reprooued thereof, he
+alledged this excuse (as some write) that he was no preest, but a
+reformer of preests. Howbeit to conclude, being thus defamed, he got him
+backe to Rome againe from whence he came, without any performance of
+that whereabout he was sent.
+
+But to returne to king Henrie, who whilest he remained in Normandie
+(which was a long time after the apprehension of the two foresaid
+earles) vnderstood that his sonne in lawe Henrie the emperour was
+departed this life at Utregt, the 23. of Maie last past. [Sidenote:
+1126. An. Reg. 27.] Wherevpon he sent for his daughter the empresse to
+come ouer vnto him into Normandie, and hauing set his businesse in order
+on that side the sea, and taken hir with him, he returned into England
+before the feast of S. Michaell, [Sidenote: _Polydor._ An oth taken by
+the lords touching the succession of the crowne.] where calling a
+parlement, he caused hir by the authoritie of the same to be established
+as his lawfull heire and successor, with an article of intaile vpon hir
+issue, if it should please God to send hir any at all. At this parlement
+was Dauid K. of Scotland, who succéeded Alexander the fierce. Stephan
+earle of Morton and Bullongne, and son of Stephan earle of Blois, nephue
+to K. Henrie by his sister Adela; these two princes chéefelie tooke
+their oth amongst other, to obey the foresaid empresse, as touching hir
+right and lawfull claime to the crowne of England. [Sidenote: Stephan
+erle of Bullongne the first that offered to receiue the oth.] But
+although Stephan was now the first that was to sweare, he became
+shortlie after the first that brake that oth for his owne preferment.
+¶ Thus it commeth often to passe, that those which receiue the greatest
+benefits, doo oftentimes soonest forget to be thankefull.
+
+This Stephan latelie before by his vncle K. Henries meanes, had
+purchased & got in marriage the onelie daughter and heire of Eustace
+earle of Bullongne, and so after the decease of his father in lawe,
+became earle there: and further, had goodlie possessions in England
+giuen him by the king, and yet (as farther shall appeare) he kept not
+his oth made with K. Henrie. [Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._] Some write that
+there rose no small strife betwixt this earle Stephan, & Robert erle of
+Glocester, in contending which of them should first receiue this oth:
+the one alledging that he was a kings sonne, and the other affirming
+that he was a kings nephue.
+
+[Sidenote: 1127.] Shortlie after this parlement was ended, K. Henrie
+held his Christmas at Windsor, where Thurstan archbishop of Yorke (in
+preiudice of the right of William archbishop of Canturburie) would haue
+set the crowne vpon the kings head, at his going to the church:
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] but he was put backe with no small reproch;
+[Sidenote: Strife betwixt the prelates for preheminence.] and his
+chapleine (whom he appointed[15] to beare his crosse before him at his
+entrance into the kings chappell) was contemptuouslie and violentlie
+thrust out of the doores with crosse and all by the fréends of the
+archbishop of Canturburie. In short time, this vnseemlie contention
+betwixt Thurstan and William the two archbishops grew so hot that not
+onelie both of them, but also the bishop of Lincolne went to Rome about
+the deciding of their strife.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] In this yeare Charles earle of Flanders, the
+successor of earle Baldwin, was traitorouslie murthered of his owne
+people: & bicause he left no issue behind him to succéed as his heire,
+[Sidenote: William sonne to Robert Curthose made erle of Flanders] Lewes
+the French king made William the sonne of duke Robert Curthose earle of
+Flanders, as the next cousine in bloud to the same Charles. ¶ Truth it
+is, that by his fathers side, this William was descended from erle
+Baldwin surnamed Pius, whose daughter Maud being maried vnto William
+Conqueror, bare by him the aforesaid Robert Curthose, father to this
+William now aduanced to the gouernment of Flanders, but he wanted not
+aduersaries that were competitors and malignant sutors for that
+earledome, who sought to preferre themselues, and to displace him.
+
+King Henrie misliking the promotion of the said William, although he was
+his nephue, for that he supposed he would seeke to reuenge old
+displeasures if he might compasse to haue the French kings assistance,
+thought good with the aduice of his councell to withstand the worst.
+Wherevpon he tooke order for the maintenance of the warre abroad, and
+the supplie of souldiers, and other things necessarie to be considered
+of for the suretie of his realme.
+
+[Sidenote: The empresse Maud married to the earle of Aniou. _Ger. Dor._]
+After this, bicause he was in dispaire to haue issue by his second wife,
+about Whitsuntide he sent ouer his daughter Maud the empresse into
+Normandie, that she might be married vnto Geffrey Plantagenet earle of
+Aniou, and in August after he followed himselfe. Now the matter went so
+forward, that the mariage was celebrated betwixt the said earle and
+empresse vpon the first sundaie in Aprill, which fell vpon the third of
+the moneth, and in the 27. of his reigne.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 28.] [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] [Sidenote: 1128.]
+In the yeare ensuing, king Henrie meaning to cause the French king to
+withdrawe his helping hand from his nephue William earle of Flanders,
+passed foorth of Normandie with an armie, and inuading France, remained
+for the space of eight daies at Hipard, in as good quiet as if he had
+béene within his owne dominions, and finallie obteined that of the
+French king which he sought for; namelie, his refusall to aid his nephue
+the said earle of Flanders. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 29.] Who at length
+contending with other that claimed the earldome, chanced this yeare to
+be wounded, as he pursued his enimies vnto the walls of a towne called
+Albust, [Sidenote: _Ia. Meir._] and soone after died of the hurt the 16.
+of August.
+
+[Sidenote: William earle of Flanders deceaseth of a wound.] ¶ It was
+thought that the great felicitie of king Henrie was the chiefe occasion
+of this earles death, who meant (if he might haue brought his purpose to
+passe, and be once quietlie set in the dominion of Flanders) to haue
+attempted some great enterprise against king Henrie for the recouerie of
+Normandie, and deliuerie of his father out of prison. [Sidenote: The
+fortunat & good hap of K. Henrie.] Which was knowen well inough to king
+Henrie, who mainteined those that made him warre at home, both with men
+and monie; [Sidenote: William de Hypres.] namelie, William of Hypres,
+who tooke vpon him as regent in the name of Stephan earle of Bullongne,
+whome king Henrie procured to make claime to Flanders also, in the title
+of his grandmother queene Maud, wife to William Conqueror. But to
+procéed with our historie.
+
+[Sidenote: 1129. An. Reg. 30.] When king Henrie had sped his businesse
+in Normandie, where he had remained a certeine space, both about the
+conclusion and solemnizing of the mariage made betwixt his daughter Maud
+the empresse and the earle of Aniou, and also to see the end of the wars
+in Flanders, he now returned into England, [Sidenote: 1130. An. Reg.
+31.] where he called a great councell or parlement at London, in August:
+wherein (amongst other things) it was decreed, [Sidenote: _Matth.
+Paris._ _Polydor._ An act against vnchast préests.] that préests, which
+liued vnchastlie, should be punished, and that by the kings permission,
+who hereby tooke occasion to serue his owne turne: for he regarded not
+the reformation which the bishops trusted (by his plaine dealing) would
+haue followed, but put those préests to their fines that were accused,
+and suffered them to kéepe their wiues still in house with them, which
+offended the bishops greatlie, who would haue had them sequestred
+asunder.
+
+After this parlement ended, the king kept his Christmasse at Worcester,
+and his Eastermasse following at Woodstocke, where a certeine noble man
+named Geffrey Clinton was accused to him of high treason. In this 31.
+yeare of king Henries reigne, great death and murren of cattell began in
+this land so vniuersallie in all places, that no towne nor village
+escaped frée: [Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._ In nouella historia. _Polydor._]
+and long it was before the same discontinued or ceased. King Henrie
+passing ouer into Normandie, was troubled with certeine strange dreames
+or visitations in his sléepe. For as he thought, he saw a multitude of
+ploughmen with such tooles as belong to their trade and occupation;
+after whom came a sort of souldiers with warlike weapons: and last of
+all, bishops approching towards him with their crosier staues readie to
+fall vpon him, as if they meant to kill him. Now when he awaked, he lept
+foorth of his bed, got his sword in his hand, & called his seruants to
+come & helpe him. Neuerthelesse, repressing those perturbations, and
+somewhat better aduising himselfe, partlie by his owne reason and
+partlie by the counsell of learned gentlemen, was persuaded to put such
+fantasies awaie, and was admonished withall, that whilest he had time
+and space here on earth, he should redeeme his passed offenses and
+sinnes committed against God, with repentance, almesdéeds, and
+abstinence. Wherefore being moued herewith, he began to practise an
+amendment of his former lewd life.
+
+¶ Here it shall not be amisse to compare the two sonnes of William the
+Conquerour; namelie William Rufus, and Henrie Beauclerke togither; and
+to consider among other euents the supernaturall dreames wherewith they
+were admonished, to excellent good purpose (no doubt) if they could haue
+applied them to the end whereto they were directed. For William Rufus
+(as you shall read in pag. 44.[16]) neglecting to be admonished by a
+dredfull dreame wherewith he was troubled, shortlie after receiued his
+deaths wound by casualtie or chancemedlie, euen in the prime of his
+pastime and disport. This other brother H. Beauclerke had the like
+warnings by the same meanes, and (to a good effect) as the learned doo
+gather. Their rash opinion therefore is much to be checked, which
+contemne dreames as meere delusorie, alledging by waie of disproofe an
+old erronious verse:
+    Somnia ne cures, nam fallunt plurima plures,
+
+Speaking indefinitelie of dreames without distinction: whereas in truth
+great valure is in them in respect of their kind and nature. For though
+some sort of dreames (as those that be physicall) are not greatlie to be
+relied vpon; yet those of the metaphysicall sort hauing a speciall
+influence from aboue natures reach, are not lightlie to be ouerslipped.
+To determine this matter I remit the studious readers to that excellent
+chapter of Peter Martyr, in the first part of his common places, pag.
+32. columne 2. where dreames In genere are copiouslie handled.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] About the same time, Maud daughter of this
+Henrie, being forsaken of hir husband Geffrey earle of Aniou, came to
+hir father then being in Normandie. What the cause was why hir husband
+put hir from him, is not certeinlie knowen: but the matter (belike) was
+not verie great, sith shortlie after he receiued hir againe, and that of
+his owne accord. During the time also king Henrie remained in Normandie,
+pope Innocent the 2. came into France, to auoid the danger of his
+enimies: [Sidenote: 1131. An. Reg. 32.] and holding a councell at
+Cleremont, he accursed one Peter Fitz Leo, who had vsurped as pope, and
+named himselfe Anacletus. Afterward at breaking vp of the same counsell
+at Cleremont, he came to Orleance, and then to Charters, [Sidenote: King
+Henrie and pope Innocent méet at Charters.] meeting king Henrie by the
+waie, who offered vnto the pope to mainteine his cause against his
+enimies to the vttermost of his power, for the which the pope gaue the
+king great thankes: and séemed as though he had beene more carefull for
+the defense of the common cause of the christian common-wealth than for
+his owne, he exhorted king Henrie to make a iournie into the holie land,
+against the Saracens and enimies of the christian religion.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._] In this enteruiew betwixt the pope and the
+king, the Romans were mooued to maruell greatlie at the wisedome and
+sharpnesse of wit which they perceiued in the Normans. For king Henrie,
+to shew what learning remained amongst the people of the west parts of
+Europe, [Sidenote: The sons of Robert erle of Melent praised for their
+learning.] caused the sonnes of Robert earle of Melent to argue and
+dispute in the points and subtill sophismes of Logike, with the
+cardinals and other learned chapleins of the pope there present, who
+were not ashamed to confesse, that there was more learning amongst them
+here in the west parts, than euer they heard or knew of in their owne
+countrie of Italy.
+
+[Sidenote: King Henrie returneth into England.] King Henrie after this
+returned into England, and vpon the sea was in danger to haue drowned by
+tempest: so that iudging the same to be as a warning for him to amend
+his life, he made manie vowes, and after his landing went to S.
+Edmundsburie in Suffolke to doo his deuotions vnto the sepulchre of that
+king. Now at his comming from thence, being well disposed, towards the
+reliefe of his people, he lessened the tributes and impositions, and did
+iustice aswell in respect and fauour of the poore as of the rich.
+
+[Sidenote: 1132. An. Reg. 33] Not long after, Geffrey earle of Aniou had
+a son named Henrie by his wife the empresse, who (as before is said) was
+after king of England: for his grandfather king Henrie hauing no issue
+male to succeed him, caused the empresse and this Henrie hir sonne to be
+established heires of the realme: all the Nobles and other estates
+taking an oth to be their true and loiall subiects. [Sidenote: 1133. An.
+Reg. 34.] After this king Henrie kept his Christmasse at Dunstable, and
+his Easter at Woodstocke. In the same yeare, or (as some haue) in the
+beginning of the yeare precedent, or (as other haue) in the yeare
+following, king Henrie erected a bishops sée at Carleil, [Sidenote:
+_Matth. Paris._ Prior of L. Oswald as _Wil. Thorne._ hath, and likewise
+_Matth. Paris._ and _Matt. Westm._] in which one Arnulfe or rather
+Athelwoolfe, who before was abbat of S. Bothoulfs, and the kings
+confessor, was the first bishop that was instituted there. This man
+immediatelie after his consecration placed regular canons in that
+church.
+
+Not long after, or rather before (as by Wil. Malmes. it should séeme)
+king Henrie passed ouer into Normandie, from whence (this being the last
+time of his going thither) he neuer returned aliue. And as it came to
+passe, he tooke ship to saile this last iournie thither, euen the same
+daie in which he had afore time receiued the crowne. [Sidenote: An
+eclipse[17].] On which daie (felling vpon the Wednesdaie and being the
+second of August) a wonderfull and extraordinarie eclipse of the sunne
+and moone appeared, in somuch that Wil. Malmes. who then liued, writeth
+that he saw the starres plainlie about the sunne at the verie time of
+that eclipse. [Sidenote: An earthquake.] On the fridaie after such an
+earthquake also happened in this realme, that manie houses and buildings
+were ouerthrowne. This earthquake was so sensible, or rather so visible,
+that the wall of the house wherein the king then sat was lift vp with a
+double remoue, at the third it setled it selfe againe in his due place.
+Moreouer at the verie same time also fire burst out of certeine riffes
+of the earth in so huge flames, that neither by water nor otherwise it
+could be quenched.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _Matth. West._] [Sidenote: An. Reg. 35.] In
+the 34. yeare of his reigne, his brother Robert Curthose departed this
+life in the castell of Cardiff. It is said that on a festiuall daie king
+Henrie put on a robe of scarlet, the cape whereof being streict, he rent
+it in striuing to put it ouer his head: and perceiuing it would not
+serue him, he laid it aside, and said; "Let my brother Robert haue this
+robe, who hath a sharper head than I haue." Which when it was brought to
+duke Robert, and the rent place not sowed vp, he perceiued it, and asked
+whether any man had worne it before. The messenger told the whole matter
+how it happened. [Sidenote: The deceasse of Robert Curthose.] Wherewith
+duke Robert tooke such a greefe for the scornefull mocke of his brother,
+that he waxed wearie of his life, and said: "Now I perceiue I haue liued
+too long, that my brother shall cloth me like his almes man with his
+cast and rent garments." Thus cursing the time of his natiuitie, he
+refused from thencefoorth to eat or drinke, and so pined awaie, and was
+buried at Glocester.
+
+King Henrie remaining still in Normandie, rode round about a great part
+of the countrie, shewing no small loue and courtesie to the people,
+studieng by all meanes possible to win their fauours, and being merie
+amongst them. Howbeit nothing reioised him more than that his daughter
+Maud the empresse at the same time was deliuered of hir second sonne
+named Geffrey, so that he saw himselfe prouided of an assured successor.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] [Sidenote: 1135. An. Reg. 35.] But whilest he
+thus passed the time in mirth and solace, he began soone after to be
+somewhat diseased, and neuer could perceiue any euident cause thereof.
+[Sidenote: _Matth. West._ _Sim. Dunel._] Wherefore to driue his greefe
+away, he went abrode to hunt, and being somewhat amended thereby (as he
+thought) at his comming home he would néeds eat of a lampry, though his
+physician counselled him to the contrarie: but he delighting most in the
+meat (though it be in qualitie verie hurtfull to health) would not be
+dissuaded from it, so that his stomach being annoied therewith he fell
+immediatelie into an ague, [Sidenote: King Henrie departeth this life.]
+and so died shortlie after, on the first day of December being as then
+about 67. yeares of age after he had reigned 35. yeres, and foure
+moneths lacking foure daies. His bodie was conueied into England, and
+buried at Reading within the abbey church which he had founded, and
+endowed in his life time with great and large possessions. [Sidenote:
+_Matth. West._ _Ran. Higd._ _Sim. Dunel._] It is written, that his
+bodie, to auoid the stench which had infected manie men, was closed in a
+buls hide, and how he that clensed the head died of the sauour which
+issued out of the braine.
+
+¶ Thus we sée that euen princes come to the like end by as base meanes
+as other inferiour persons; according to that of the poet:
+    [Sidenote: Horat. lib. car. 1. ode. 28.]
+    Dant alios furiæ toruo spectacula Marti,
+      Exitio est auidis mare nautis:
+    Mista senum ac iuuenum densantur funera, nullum
+      Sæua caput Proserpina fugit.
+
+And here we haue to note the neglect of the physicians counsell, and
+that same ill disposition in diet which the king chose rather to
+satisfie, than by restraining it to auoid the danger whereinto he fell.
+But this is the preposterous election of vntoward patients, according to
+that:
+    Nitimur in vetitum semper, cupimúsq; negata.
+
+[Sidenote: The issue of king Henrie the first.] Touching his issue, he
+had by his first wife a sonne named William, drowned (as ye haue heard)
+in the sea: also a daughter named Maud, whome with hir sonnes he
+appointed to inherit his crowne and other dominions. He had issue also
+by one of his concubins, euen a sonne named Richard, and a daughter
+named Marie, who were both drowned with their brother William. By an
+other concubine he had a sonne named Robert, who was created duke of
+Glocester.
+
+[Sidenote: His stature.] He was strong of bodie, flehise, and of an
+indifferent stature, blacke of haire, and in maner bald before, with
+great and large eies, of face comelie, well countenanced, and pleasant
+to the beholders, speciallie when he was disposed to mirth.
+
+[Sidenote: His vertues.] He excelled in three vertues, wisedome,
+eloquence, and valiancie, which notwithstanding were somewhat blemished
+with the like number of vices that reigned in him; [Sidenote: His
+vices.] as couetousnesse, crueltie, and fleshlie lust of bodie. His
+couetousnesse appeared, in that he sore oppressed his subiects with
+tributes and impositions. His crueltie, in that he kept his brother
+Robert Curtehose in perpetuall prison, and likewise in the hard vsing of
+his cousine Robert earle of Mortaigne, whome he not onelie deteined in
+prison, but also caused his eies to be put out: which act was kept
+secret till the kings death reuealed it. And his fleshlie lust was
+manifest, by kéeping of sundrie women.
+
+[Sidenote: His wisdome.] But in his other affaires he was circumspect,
+in defending his owne verie earnest and diligent. Such wars as might be
+auoided, with honourable peace he euer sought to appease; [Sidenote: His
+manlie courage.] but when such iniuries were offered as he thought not
+meet to suffer, he was an impatient reuenger of the same, ouercomming
+all perils with the force of vertue and manlie courage, showing himselfe
+either a most louing fréend, or an extreame enimie: for he would subdue
+his foes to the vttermost, and aduance his fréends aboue measure.
+
+[Sidenote: His zeale to iustice.] With iustice he ruled the commons
+quietlie, and enterteined the nobles honorablie. Théeues, counterfeiters
+of monie, and other transgressors he caused to be sought out with great
+diligence, and when they were found, to be punished with great
+seueritie. Neither did he neglect reformations of certeine naughtie
+abuses. [Sidenote: _Simon Dun._ Théeues appointed to be hanged.] And (as
+one author hath written) he ordeined that théeues should suffer death by
+hanging. When he heard that such peeces of monie as were cracked would
+not be receiued amongest the people, although the same were good and
+fine siluer, he caused all the coine in the realme to be either broken
+or slit. He was sober of diet, vsed to eat rather for the quailing of
+hunger, than to pamper himselfe with manie daintie sorts of banketting
+dishes. He neuer dranke but when thirst mooued him, he would sléepe
+soundlie and snore oftentimes till he awaked therewith. [Sidenote: His
+policie.] He pursued his warres rather by policie than by the sword, and
+ouercame his enimies so neere as he could without bloudshed, which if it
+might not be, yet with as little slaughter as was possible. [Sidenote:
+His praise for his princelie government.] To conclude, he was not
+inferiour to any of the kings that reigned in those daies, in wisedome
+and policie, and so behaued himselfe, that he was honoured of the
+Nobles, and beloued of the commons. [Sidenote: Reading abbey builded.]
+He builded diuerse abbeies both in England and Normandie, but Reading
+was the chéefe. He builded the manour of Woodstocke, with the parke there,
+wherein (beside the great store of deere) he appointed diuerse strange
+beasts to be kept and nourished, which were brought and sent vnto him
+from foreign countries farre distant, as lions, lepards, lynxes, and
+porcupines. His estimation was such among outlandish princes, that few
+would willinglie offend him.
+
+[Sidenote: Murcherdach K. of Ireland.] Murcherdach king of Ireland & his
+successors had him in such reuerence, that they durst doo nothing but
+what he commanded, nor write any thing but what might stand with his
+pleasure, though at the first the same Morchad attempted something
+against the Englishmen more than held with reason, but afterward (vpon
+restraint of the entercourse of merchandize) he was glad to shew
+himselfe more fréendlie.
+
+[Sidenote: The earle of Orkney.] Moreouer the earle of Orkney, although
+he was the king of Norwaies subiect, yet did he what he could to procure
+king Henries fréendship, sending such strange beasts and other things to
+him oftentimes as presents, wherein he knew the king tooke great delight
+and pleasure. [Sidenote: Roger bishop of Salisburie.] He had in singular
+fauour aboue all other of his councell, Roger, the bishop of Salisburie,
+a politike prelate, and one that knew how to order matters of great
+importance, vnto whome he committed the gouernment of the realme most
+commonlie whilest he remained in Normandie.
+
+As well in this kings daies, as in the time of his brother William
+Rufus, men forgetting their owne sex and state, transformed themselues
+into the habit and forme of women, [Sidenote: The abuse of wearing long
+haire.] by suffering their haire to grow in length, the which they
+curled and trimmed verie curiouslie, after the maner of damosels and
+yong gentlewomen: insomuch that they made such account of their long
+bushing perukes, that those which would be taken for courtiers,
+contended with women who should haue the longest tresses, and such as
+wanted, sought to amend it with art, and by knitting wreathes about
+their heads of those their long and side locks for a brauerie.
+[Sidenote: 1127.] [Sidenote: _Matth. West._] Yet we read that king
+Henrie gaue commandment to all his people to cut their haire, about the
+28. yeare of his reigne. Preachers indeed inueied against such vnseemlie
+maners in men, as a thing more agréeable and seemelie for the contrarie
+sex.
+
+Wil. Malm. reciteth a tale of a knight in those daies that tooke no
+small liking of himselfe for his faire and long haire, who chanced to
+haue a verie terrible dreame. For it séemed to him in his sléepe that
+one was about to strangle him with his owne haire (which[18] he wrapped
+about his throte and necke) the impression whereof sanke so deepelie
+into his mind, that when he awaked out of his sléepe, he streightwaies
+caused so much of his haire to be cut as might seeme superfluous. A
+great number of other in the realme followed his commendable example,
+but the remorse of conscience herein that thus caused them to cut their
+haire, continued not long, for they fell to the like abuse againe, so as
+within a twelue moneths space they excéeded therein as farre beyond all
+the bounds of séemelie order as before.
+
+¶ In this Henrie ended the line of the Normans as touching the heires
+male, and then came in the Frenchmen by the title of the heires
+generall, after that the Normans had reigned about 69. yeares: for so
+manie are accounted from the comming of William Conquerour, vnto the
+beginning of the reigne of king Stephan, who succéeded the said Henrie.
+
+
+     Thus farr the succession and regiment of the Normans; namelie,
+     William Conquerour the father, William Rufus, and Henrie Beauclerke
+     the sonnes.
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's notes
+
+There are no footnotes in the original. The original spelling and
+punctuation have been retained, with the exception of obvious errors
+which have been corrected by reference to the 1587 edition of which
+the original is a transcription.
+
+[1] Original reads 'Robert de Bélesme'; changed to 'Robert de Belesme'.
+
+[2] Original reads 'conuient'; changed to 'conuenient'.
+
+[3] Original reads 'according to'; changed to '(according to'.
+
+[4] Original reads 'York'; changed to 'Yorke'.
+
+[5] The passage referred to is in the section on William the Conqueror,
+    in Anno. Reg. 6. 1073.
+
+[6] The passage referred to is in the section on William the Conqueror,
+    in Anno. Reg. 6. 1073.
+
+[7] Original reads 'Constanc'; changed to 'Constances'.
+
+[8] Original reads 'and being'; changed to 'and (being'.
+
+[9] Original reads 'pop'; changed to 'pope'.
+
+[10] Original reads 'emperour to to'; changed to 'emperour to'.
+
+[11] Original reads 'subiets'; changed to 'subiects'.
+
+[12] Original refers to page 69, which is an obvious error for page
+     39. The passage referred to is in the section on William Rufus, in
+     An. Reg. 12. 1099.
+
+[13] Original reads 'euen in the the'; changed to 'euen in the'.
+
+[14] Original reads 'the sea being'; changed to 'the sea (being'.
+
+[15] Original reads 'appointd'; changed to 'appointed'.
+
+[16] Original refers to page 26. col 2., which is the location in
+     the 1587 edition; changed to page 44, which is the correct page
+     number in this edition. The passage referred to is in the section
+     on William Rufus, in An. Reg. 13. 1100.
+
+[17] Original reads 'eclips'; changed to 'eclipse'.
+
+[18] Original reads 'owne haire, which'; changed to 'owne haire (which'.
+
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND
+AND IRELAND (2 OF 6): ENGLAND (03 OF 12)
+HENRIE I. ***
\ No newline at end of file