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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland
+(2 of 6): England (2 of 12), by Raphael Holinshed
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland (2 of 6): England (2 of 12)
+       William Rufus
+
+Author: Raphael Holinshed
+
+Release Date: September 25, 2005 [EBook #16748]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Louise Pryor and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
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+
+
+WILLIAM RUFUS, OR WILLIAM THE RED.
+
+[Sidenote: 1087. An. Reg. 1.] William, surnamed Rufus or William the
+Red, second sonne to William Conqueror, began his reigne ouer England
+the ninth of September, in the yeare 1087. about the 31. yeare of the
+emperour Henrie the fourth, and the 37. of Philip the first, king of
+France, Urbane the second then gouerning the see of Rome, and Malcolme
+Cammoir reigning in Scotland. [Sidenote: _Polydor._ _Sim. Dunel._
+_Matth. Paris._] Immediatlie after his fathers deceasse, and before
+the solemnitie of the funerals were executed, he came ouer into
+England with no lesse speed than was possible, and following the
+counsell of Lanfranke archbishop of Canturburie (in whome he reposed
+all his trust) he sought to win the fauour of the Peers and Nobilitie
+of the realme by great and liberall gifts. For although there were but
+few of the homeborne states that bare rule in the land at this
+season; yet those that remained, and whome his father in extreme sort
+had wronged, he verie gentlie enterteined, promising them not onlie to
+continue their good lord and souereigne, but also to make more
+fauourable ordinances than his father had left behind him; and
+furthermore to restore the former lawes and liberties of the realme,
+which his said father had abolished. Thus by faire words and politic
+he obtained his purpose. [Sidenote: _Sim. Dunel._ Marchar and Wilnot.]
+Howbeit soone after he forgat himselfe, and imprisoned Marchar and
+Wilnot, whom he had brought ouer with him from Normandie, being set at
+libertie by his father.
+
+[Sidenote: Lanfranke had fauoured him euen of a child. _Matth. Paris._
+William Rufus is crowned the 26. of September. _Polydor._ His
+bountifull munificence.] The nobles at the first wished rather to haue
+had the elder brother duke Robert to haue gouerned them: howbeit by
+the aide onelie of the said Lanfranke, whose authoritie was of no
+small force amongst all the lords of the land, this William (according
+to his fathers assignation) was proclaimed and crowned at Westminster
+on the 26. of September (being Sundaie, the 6. kalends of October) and
+the 11. indiction, as the best writers doo report. After his
+coronation, to gratifie the people, he went to Winchester, where he
+found great treasure which his father had laid vp there for his owne
+vse: this he freelie spent in large gifts, and all kind of princelie
+largesse. He set verie manie prisoners at libertie, and did many other
+things to benefit the people, wherein the diligence and good aduice of
+Lanfranke did not a little preuaile. For he perceiued that there was
+in the king a variable mind, an vnstable nature, and a disposition to
+lightnesse and follie. Wherefore hee tooke oftentimes the more paines
+in persuading him not onelie to liberalitie (which is none of the
+least vertues in a prince) but also to vse a discreet and orderlie
+behauiour in all his dooings. Moreouer, he sticked not to put him in
+feare of an euill end, and troublesome regiment likelie to insue, if
+he did giue himselfe to vice and wilfulnesse, & neglect the charge
+thus by the prouidence of GOD committed to his hands. After this maner
+did the said prelat trauell with the king, whom we will leaue at this
+time as it were hearkening to his admonitions, and set foorth by the
+waie what his brother Robert did, whilest William Rufus his brother
+was occupied in such wise as you haue heard.
+
+It happened that this Robert was abroad in Germanie, when king William
+his father died (whither he went to raise a power, to the intent he
+might therby obteine the possession of Normandie, which he trusted to
+enioy in his fathers life time) where hearing newes of his death, he
+hasted straightwaies into Normandie, and there being ioyfullie receiued,
+was peaceablie proclaimed duke of that countrie, with great gladnesse
+and shouting of the people.
+
+[Sidenote: 1088.] After this, considering with himselfe how
+dishonorable a thing it was for him, that his yoonger brother should
+possesse the crowne of England, which of right (as he said) belonged
+vnto him, by reason of his age; he determined with all expedition to
+passe the seas with an armie, and recouer that into his hands, which
+his father had giuen from him, partlie (as it is thought) for his
+wilfulnesse and disobedience towards him, and partly also bicause he
+doubted that if he should leaue it vnto him, he would through his too
+much gentlenesse and facilitie, giue occasion to the English to resume
+strength, and therby to reuolt. Wherefore he iudged his yoonger
+brother the saied William (a man of a rougher nature) the meeter of
+the twaine for the gouernement.
+
+As duke Robert was thus mooued by his owne desire to bereue his brother
+of the dominion of England, so he was not a little incensed thervnto by
+such of the English Nobilitie and Normans, as came dailie ouer vnto him
+out of the realme, complaining of the present state of the world, as
+those misliked of the whole maner of regiment vsed in the beginning of
+the reigne of his brother William. His vncle Odo also (then bishop of
+Baieux) furthered the matter all that he might. This Odo was at first in
+great estimation with his brother the Conqueror, and bare great rule
+vnder him, till at length for enuie that the archbishop Lanfranke was
+preferred before him, he conspired against him, who vnderstanding
+thereof, committed him foorthwith to prison, where he remained, till
+the said prince then lieng on his death-bed, released and restored
+him to his former libertie. When the king was dead, William Rufus
+tooke him backe into England, supposing no lesse but to haue had a
+speciall freend and a trustie counceller of him in all his affaires.
+But yer long after his comming thither, he fell againe into the same
+offense of ingratitude, wherof he became culpable in the Conquerors
+daies: for perceiuing that Lanfranke was so highlie esteemed with the
+king, that he could beare no rule, and partlie suspecting that
+Lanfranke had been cheefe causer of his former imprisonment,
+[Sidenote: Odo the bishop of Baieux conspireth against his nephue
+William Rufus.] he conspired with the rest against his nephue, and
+therevpon wrote sundrie letters ouer vnto duke Robert, counselling him
+to come ouer with an armie in all hast, to take the rule vpon him,
+which by his practise should easilie be compassed.
+
+Duke Robert being thus animated on all sides, and yet wanting
+sufficient monie to the furniture of this iournie, engaged a portion
+of his duchie of Normandie, as the countie of Constantine to his
+yoongest brother Henrie, for a great sum of gold, and therwith
+returned answer to the foresaid bishop, that he should prouide and
+looke for him vpon the south coast of England, at a certeine time
+appointed. [Sidenote: The castell of Rochester.] Herevpon Odo
+fortified the castell of Rochester, & began to make sore wars against
+the kings friends in Kent: he procured others of the complices also to
+do the like in other parts of the realme; [Sidenote: _Simon Dun._
+_Wil. Malm._ The bishop of Constance taketh the town of Bath.] and
+first on the west part of England, where Geffrey bishop of Constans
+with his nephue Robert de Mowbray earle of Northumberland setting
+foorth from Bristow, came toward Bath, which towne they tooke and
+sacked, and likewise Berkley, with a great part of Wiltshire, and
+brought the spoile and booties backe to Bristow, where they had a
+castell stronglie fortified for their more safetie. In like maner
+Roger de Bygod, departing from Norwich, with great forraies ouerrode
+and robbed all the countries about, and conueied such riches as he had
+gotten into the said citie. [Sidenote: Hugh Grandmesnill. _Hen. Hunt._
+_Wil. Mal._] In like sort did Hugh de Grandmesnill at Leiceister,
+spoiling and wasting all the countries about him.
+
+[Sidenote: The earle of Shrewsburie.] The earle of Shrewsburie called
+Roger de Mountgomerie, with a power of Welshmen set foorth from
+Shrewsburie, and with him were William bishop of Durham the kings
+houshold chapline, Barnard of Newmerch, Roger Lacie, and Rafe
+Mortimer, (all Normans or Frenchmen) who ioyning their powers
+togither, inuaded the countrie, and with fire and sword did much hurt
+where they came, killing and taking a great number of people.
+[Sidenote: Worcester assaulted.] Afterwards comming to Worcester, they
+assaulted the citie, ouerran the suburbs, & set the same on fire. But
+the citizens shutting fast the gates of their citie (though with the
+sudden comming of the enimies they were somewhat afraid) made valiant
+resistance; and conueieng their goods, their wiues, and their children
+into the castell, got them to the walles and places of defense, to
+repell and beat backe the enimies. [Sidenote: Bishop Woolstan.] Among
+them in the towne was bishop Woolstan, whom the citizens would haue
+compelled to go into the castell for his surer safegard, but he
+refused it.
+
+At length it chanced that the enimies (continuing the said siege)
+began to wax negligent, and ranged abroad in the countrie, little
+regarding watch and ward about their campe, wherevpon the English
+within the citie tooke this oportunitie, being mooued thereto with the
+comfortable exhortation of bishop Woolstan, and sailing foorth of the
+towne did set on their enimies with great fiercenes, whome they got at
+such aduantage, [Sidenote: They slue fiue hundred, and chased the
+residue as saith _Simon Dunel._] that they slue and tooke that daie
+aboue fiue M. men (as Henrie of Huntingdon recordeth.) For the English
+bearing a continuall malice in their hearts against the French and
+Normans, did now their best to be fullie reuenged of them, vpon so
+conuenient an occasion offered. Those that escaped by flight, hid
+themselues in the next townes, making such shifts for their liues as
+the present necessitie could minister.
+
+[Sidenote: The diligence of the archbishop Lanfranke.] Whilest the
+realme was thus troubled on ech side, archbishop Lanfranke sendeth,
+writeth, and admonisheth all the kings freends to make themselues
+readie to defend their prince. And after he vnderstood that they were
+assembled togither for that purpose, he counselleth the king to march
+into the field with them speedilie, to represse his enimies.
+[Sidenote: The great curtesie shewed to the Englishmen by Wil. Rufus.
+_Simon Dun._] The king following his counsell, first appointed his
+nauie to scowre and keepe the seas, and to withstand (if it were
+possible) the arriuall of his brother by faire words. Also he
+reconcileth Roger de Mountgomerie earle of Shrewsburie vnto him, and
+therewith maketh large promises to the English, that he would out of
+hand giue and restore vnto them such fauourable lawes as they would
+wish or desire. Moreouer he commanded all vniust imposts, tolles and
+tallages to be laid downe, and granted free hunting in the woods,
+chases and forrests. All which grants and promises he kept not long,
+though for the time he greatlie contented the people with such a shew
+of good meaning towards them. [Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._] This doone, he
+goeth with a mightie armie into Kent, where the sedition began, and
+first comming to the castell of Tunbridge, he compelled capteine
+Gilbert to yeeld vp the fortresse into his hands. Then went he to
+Horne castell, where he heard saie Odo was (but the report was vntrue,
+for he had betaken himselfe to the castell of Pemsey) which when he
+had ouerthrowne, he hasted forth vnto Pemsey, and besieged the castell
+there a long season, which the bishop had stronglie fortified.
+
+During this time, and about the fiftieth daie after the beginning of
+the siege, word was brought to the king, that his brother duke Robert
+was landed at Southampton, and minded with all possible speed to come
+to the succour of the bishop, and of other his freends, whom he and
+his power had not a little afflicted. [Sidenote: _H. Hunt._ _Simon
+Dun._] ¶ Here authors varie: for some report that duke Robert came not
+ouer himselfe the first at all, but sent a part of his armie, with a
+certeine number of ships, which encountring with the kings fleet, were
+discomfited. Others write that duke Robert hearing of the losse of his
+men, came after himselfe, and landed with a mightie armie as before,
+which is most likelie. [Sidenote: _Gemeticensis._ Eustace earle of
+Bullongne.] And certeinlie (as Gemeticen. affirmeth) he might easilie
+as then haue recouered England from his brother, if he had not lingred
+the time, considering that Eustace earle of Bullongne, Odo bishop of
+Baieux, and the earle of Mortaigne, with other lords of Normandie that
+were passed to England, had alreadie taken Rochester, and diuers other
+castels in the prouince of Canturburie, keeping the same a certeine
+time, still looking that he should haue come ouer to their aid, which
+he deferred to doo, till they were constreined by siege and lacke of
+necessarie succor to returne into Normandie, leauing those places
+which they had won vnto the king, and that to their great dishonor.
+[Sidenote: _Simon Dun._] But howsoeuer it was, the king still
+continued the siege before Pemsey castell, till Odo (through want of
+victuals) was glad to submit himselfe, and promised to cause the
+castell of Rochester to be deliuered: but at his comming thither, they
+within the citie suffered him to enter, and streightwaies laid him
+fast in prison. Some iudge that it was doone vnder a colour by his
+owne consent.
+
+There were in Rochester a sort of valiant gentlemen (the flower in
+maner of all Normandie) with Eustace earle of Bolongne, and manie
+gentlemen of Flanders, which were in mind to defend the place against
+the king: [Sidenote: Rochester besieged by the king.] who hearing what
+was doone, came with his armie and besieged the citie of Rochester on
+ech side so sharpelie, that they within were glad to deliuer it vp
+into his hands. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 2.] [Sidenote: _Polydor._]
+[Sidenote: 1089.] Thus lost bishop Odo all his liuings and dignities
+in England, and so returned into Normandie, where vnder duke Robert he
+had the cheefe gouernement of the countrie committed vnto him.
+
+After this he ouercame diuers of his enimies some by faire and some by
+fowle meanes. Notwithstanding this, there yet remained the bishop of
+Durham, one of the cheefe conspirators, who withdrew himselfe into the
+citie of Durham, there to lie in safetie, till he saw how the world
+would go: but being therein besieged by the king, who came thither
+personallie, he was at length forced to surrender the city, and yeeld
+himselfe: [Sidenote: The bishop of Durham exiled.] wherevpon also he
+was exiled the land, with diuerse of his complices. But within two
+yeares after, he was called home againe, and restored to his church,
+wherein he liued not long, but died for sorrow, bicause he could not
+cleere himselfe of offense in the said rebellion, albeit that he
+laboured most earnestlie so to doo, that he might thereby haue
+atteined to the kings fauor againe.
+
+[Sidenote: Lanfranke archbishop of Canturburie departeth this life.]
+Whilest these things were thus in hand, the archbishop Lanfranke
+falleth sicke and dieth, in the 19. yeare after his first entring into
+the gouernment of the sea of Canturburie. This Lanfranke (as should
+seeme) was a wise, politike, and learned prelate, who whilest he
+liued, mollified the furious and cruell nature of king William Rufus,
+instructing him to forbeare such wild and outragious behauiours as his
+youthfulnesse was inclined vnto: and moreouer persuaded the English to
+obey the same king as their loiall prince, whereby they should
+occasion him to be their good lord and king, not vsing them
+rigorouslie as his father had doon. So that Lanfranke could not well
+haue beene spared in the time of the rebellion, without great danger
+of subuerting the state of the commonwealth. He builded two hospitals
+without the citie of Canturburie, for the releefe of poore people and
+strangers, the one of S. John, the other at Harbaldowne. He aduanced
+the church of Rochester from foure secular clerkes, to the number of
+fiftie moonkes: [Sidenote: _Matth. Westm._ Paule abbat of S. Albons]
+he repaired Christes church in Canturburie, and the abbey of S.
+Albons, whereof he made one Paule that was his nephue abbat, which
+Paule gouerned that house by his vncles assistance greatlie to the
+aduancement thereof, as well in temporall as spirituall preferments,
+as it was then iudged. Likewise the said Lanfranke was verie fortunate
+in the gouernement of his church and see of Canturburie, recouering
+sundrie portions of lands and rents alienated from the same before his
+daies, insomuch that he restored to that see 25 manors. [Sidenote:
+_Eadmerus._] For amongst other, whereas Odo the bishop of Baieux, who
+also was earle of Kent, bearing great rule in England vnder his nephue
+king William the Conquerour, had vsurped diuerse possessions which
+belonged to the see of Canturburie, and had seized the franchises
+apperteining to the same Lanfranke, into his owne hands, by sute and
+earnest trauell he recouered the same, and being impleaded about that
+matter by the said Odo, he so defended his cause, that in the end
+(though with much adoo) he had his will, and so remained in quiet
+possession of his right after that so long as he liued, without any
+trouble or vexation concerning the said possessions and liberties.
+
+Whereas also not onelie Walkhem the bishop of Winchester, but diuerse
+other bishops in England were in mind to haue displaced moonks out of
+their cathedrall churches, and to haue brought canons into their
+roomes, Lanfranke withstood them, and would tollerate no such
+dislocation: [Sidenote: Lanfranke praised for holding with the
+moonks.] an act at that time so well liked, that he was highlie
+commended for the same. [Sidenote: The king giuen to sensuall lust and
+couetousnesse.] After Lanfrankes death, the king began greatlie to
+forget himselfe in all his dealings, insomuch that he kept many
+concubines, and waxed verie cruell and inconstant in all his dooings,
+so that he became an heauie burthen vnto his people. For he was so
+much addicted to gather goods, that he considered not what perteined
+to the maiestie of a king, insomuch that nothing tending to his gaine,
+and the satisfieng of his appetite, was esteemed of him vnlawfull,
+sith he measured all things by the vncontrolled rule of his roialtie,
+and considered nothing what so high an office required. He kept the
+see of Canturburie foure yeares in his hands, to see who would giue
+most for it, in the meane time taking the profits thereof, and making
+the vttermost of the same that by any meanes could be deuised.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] The like he vsed when other benefices and
+abbeies were vacant, and furthermore that little which the prince
+spared, his officers and farmers, no lesse couetous than he, conuerted
+to their aduantage: so that what by the king, and what by his
+procurators, the church of England was now sore charged and fleeced of
+hir wealth. Diuerse of hir prelates in like maner were not a little
+offended, to see their mother so spoiled of hir treasure and
+liuelihood, insomuch that they practised a redresse: and to begin
+withall, complained of the king to pope Vrban: but he was so busied
+with other troubles of his owne neerer home, that he could haue no
+time to seeke meanes how to redresse enormities a far off, [Sidenote:
+_Wil. Malm._ _Matt. Paris._] whereby the lands and goods belonging to
+the church here in England were still wastfullie spent and consumed
+by the king and others, to whome he gaue or let them foorth to farme
+at his owne pleasure, and to his most commoditie.
+
+But albeit the prince was of such a disposition by nature, yet there is
+one thing written of him which ought not to be forgotten, to admonish vs
+that there is no man of so euill an affection, but that sometime he
+dealeth vprightlie, though it be by hap or other extraordinarie motion.
+It chanced that an abbeie was void of an abbat, wherein were two moonkes
+verie couetous persons aboue the rest, and such as by scraping and
+gathering togither, were become verie rich, for such (saith Polydor) in
+those daies mounted to preferment. These two appointed to go togither to
+the court, ech hoping at their comming thither to find some meanes that
+he might be made abbat of that house. Being thus agreed, to the court
+they come, and there offer verie largelie to the king to obteine their
+sute: who perceiuing their greedie desires, and casting his eies about
+the chamber, espied by chance an other moonke (that came to beare them
+companie, being a more sober man, and simple after his outward
+appearance) whom he called vnto him, and asked what he would giue him to
+be made abbat of the foresaid abbeie. The moonke after a little pause,
+made answere, that he would giue nothing at all for anie such purpose,
+since he entred into that profession of meere zeale to despise riches &
+all worldlie pompe, to the end he might the more quietlie serue God in
+holinesse & puritie of conuersation. Saiest thou so, quoth the king,
+then art thou euen he that art worthie to gouerne this house: and
+streightwaie he bestowed the house vpon him, iustlie refusing the other
+two, to their open infamie and reproch.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matt. Paris._] [Sidenote: An. Reg. 3. 1090.] But to
+returne to our historie. After the expulsion of the bishop of Durham,
+and other of his adherents, the king passed ouer into Normandie,
+purposing to depriue his brother of that dukedome, and being arriued
+there, he besieged and tooke S. Ualerie, Albemarle, and diuerse other
+townes and castels, wherein he placed a number of his best souldiers,
+[Sidenote: _Simon Dun._ Warres betwixt the king and his brother
+Robert.] the better to mainteine warre against his foresaid brother.
+Herevpon also the said Robert sent vnto the French king for aid, who
+came downe at his request with a noble armie, and besieged one of
+those castels which king William had latelie woone; howbeit by such
+meanes as king William made, in sending to the French king an huge
+summe of monie, he raised his siege shortlie & returned home againe.
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 4 1091.] [Sidenote: _Gemeticensis._ A peace
+concluded. _Simon Dun._ _Matth. West._ _Matt. Paris._] At length a
+peace was concluded betwixt king William and the duke his brother, but
+yet verie dishonorable to the said Robert: for it was accorded, that
+king William should reteine & still inioy the countie of Ewe, with
+Fescampe, the abbasie of mount S. Michell, Chereburg, and all those
+other places which he had woone & gotten out of his hands in this his
+late voiage. On the other side it was agreed, that king William should
+aid the duke to recouer all other places beyond the seas, which
+belonged to their father. Also, that such Normans as had lost anie of
+their lands & liuings in England, for taking part with the duke in the
+late rebellion, should be restored to the same. And furthermore, that
+whether soeuer of both should die first, the suruiuer should be his
+heire, and succeed in his dominions.
+
+[Sidenote: _Gemeticensis._] This peace was concluded at Caen, and that
+by procurement of the French king, at what time king William was verie
+strong in the field neare vnto Ewe. After which conclusion, they
+vnited their powers, and besieged their yoongest brother Henrie in the
+castell of mount S. Michell, which (being situat in the confines of
+Normandie and Britaine) he had stronglie fortified not long before for
+feare of afterclaps. But when they had lien about it by the space of
+all the Lent season, and had made manie bickerings with his men, more
+to their losse than lucre, they raised their siege, and voluntarilie
+departed. [Sidenote: _Sim. Dunel._] Not long after this, king William
+depriued Edgar Etheling of his honor, which duke Robert had assigned
+vnto him, banishing him out of Normandie for euer.
+
+Shortlie after also the aforesaid Henrie wan a strong towne called
+Damfront, and furnishing it at all points, he kept the same in his
+possession as long as he liued, mauger both his brethren. Thus the war
+waxed hot betweene those three, howbeit suddenlie (I wot not vpon what
+occasion) this Henrie was reconciled with king William and his brother
+Robert, so that all debates being quieted on euerie side, they were made
+friends and welwillers. King William also returned into England, hauing
+his brother Robert in his companie, all men reioising at their
+pacification and amitie, which happened in the yeare 1091, and fourth of
+the reigne of the king.
+
+Toward the end whereof, and vpon the fift daie of October, a
+maruellous sore tempest fell in sundrie parts of England, but
+especiallie in the towne of Winchcombe, where (by force of thunder and
+lightning) a part of the steeple of the church was throwne downe, and
+the crucifix with the image of Marie standing vnder the rood-loft, was
+likewise ouerthrowne, broken, and shattered in peeces; then folowed a
+foule, a noisome, and a most horrible stinke in the church. [Sidenote:
+A mightie wind.] On the 17. daie of the same moneth much harme was
+doone in London with an outragious wind, the violence whereof
+ouerturned and rent in peeces aboue fiue hundred houses, at which time
+and tempest the roofe of S. Marie bowe church in cheape was also
+ouerthrowne, wherewith two men were slaine. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 5.
+1092.] Moreouer, at Salisburie much hurt was doone with the like wind
+and thunder, for the top of the steeple and manie buildings besides
+were sore shaken and cast downe. But now we will speake somewhat of
+the doings of Scotland, as occasion moueth. [Sidenote: The scots
+inuade England.] Whilest (as yee haue heard) variance depended
+betweene king William and his brother duke Robert, the Scotish king
+Malcolme made sore wars vpon the inhabitants of Northumberland,
+carrieng great booties and preies out of that countrie, which he
+inuaded euen to Chester in the street. Wherefore king William, soone
+after his returne, gathered his power togither, and sped him
+northwards. But king Malcolme hearing of his puissance & great
+strength sent to him for peace, which was granted in the end.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._ _Sim. Dun._] Some writers affirme, that king
+William prepared a great armie both by sea and land against Malcolme;
+and that his nauie being abroad on the seas, was lost by tempest, and
+the most part of his ships drowned; that the armie by land entring
+into Scotland, suffered manie damages through want of vittels, and so
+recoiled: finallie, that duke Robert lieng on the borders with an
+armie in his brothers name (wherby it should appeare that the king
+himselfe was not there) by the helpe and furtherance of Edgar
+Etheling, who then serued K. Malcolme in his wars, concluded a peace
+betwixt his brother and the said Malcolme, vpon certeine articles, by
+vertue wherof certeine places in Northumberland were restored vnto
+Malcolme, which he had held in William Conquerours daies. Some other
+write in like maner, that king Malcolme did homage to king William and
+duke Robert that brought the said Edgar Etheling into the fauour of
+the king.
+
+Howsoeuer the truth of the storie dooth stand in this behalfe,
+certeine it is, that the king returned out of Northumberland into the
+west parts of the realme, reteining still with him duke Robert, who
+looked dailie when he should performe such couenants as were concluded
+vpon betwixt them in their late reconciliation. But when he saw that
+the king meant nothing lesse than to stand to those articles, and how
+he did onlie protract and delaie the time for some other secret
+purpose, he returned into Normandie in great displeasure, and tooke
+with him the said Edgar Etheling, of whom he alwaies made verie great
+account. [Sidenote: The repairing and new peopling of Carleil.] Soone
+after king William returned into the north parts, and (as it chanced)
+he staied a few daies about Carleil, where being delited with the
+situation of the towne (which had beene destroied by the Danes two
+hundred yeares before) he set workemen to repaire the same (meaning to
+vse it in steed of a bulworke against the Scots on those west borders)
+which when he had fensed with walles, and builded a castell in the
+most conuenient place thereof, he caused churches and houses to be
+erected for the benefit of such people as he had determined to bring
+vnto the same. This being doone, he placed a colonie of southren men
+there with their wiues and children and gaue large priuileges vnto the
+towne, which they inioy at this daie.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. West._] ¶ Here haue I thought good to aduertise you
+of an error in Matth. West. crept in either through misplacing the
+matter by means of some exemplifier, either else by the authors
+mistaking his account of yeares, as 1072. for 1092. referring the
+repairing of Carleil vnto William Conquerour, at what time he made a
+iournie against the Scots in the said yeare 1072. And yet not thus
+contented; to bewraie the error more manifestlie, he affirmeth that
+the king exchanged the earledome of Chester with Rafe or Ranulfe de
+Micenis, alias Meschines, for the earledome of Carleil, which the said
+Meschines held before, and had begunne there to build and fortifie
+that towne: whereas it is certeine that Ranulfe de Meschines came to
+enioy the earledome of Chester by way of inheritance, as after shall
+appeare. For better proofe whereof ye shall vnderstand, that we find
+by ancient records, how one Hugh Lou or Lupus enioied the earledome of
+Chester all the daies of the Conqueror, and long after, which Hugh was
+sonne to Richard earle of Auranges and the countesse Emma daughter of
+a noble man in Normandie named Herlowin, who maried Arlet the daughter
+of a burgesse in Falois, and mother to William Conquerour. So that the
+said Hugh, being sisters sonne to the Conqueror, receiued by gift at
+his hands the earledome of Chester, to hold of him as freelie by right
+of the sword, as he held the realme of England in title of his crowne.
+For these be the words: "Tenendum sibi & haeredibus ita libere ad
+gladium, sicut ipse (Rex) totam tenebat Angliam ad coronam."
+
+Earle Hugh then established in possession of this earledome, with most
+large priuileges and freedoms, for the better gouernement thereof,
+ordeined vnder him foure barons; [Sidenote: Foure barons. Nigell or
+Neal. Piers Malbanke. * Eustace whose surname we find not. Warren
+Vernon.] namelie, his cousine Nigell or Neal baron of Halton, sir
+Piers Malbanke baron of Nauntwich, sir Eustace * baron of Mawpasse,
+and sir Warren Uernon baron of Shipbrooke. Nigell held his baronie of
+Halton by seruice, to lead the Uauntgard of the earles armie when he
+should make anie iournie into Wales; so as he should be the foremost
+in marching into the enimies countrie, and the last in comming backe:
+he was also conestable and Marshall of Chester. [Sidenote: The
+Lacies.] From this Nigell or Neal, the Lacies that were earles of
+Lincolne had their originall. When earle Hugh had gouerned the
+earledome of Chester the terme of 40. yeares, he departed this life,
+in the yeare 1107. He had issue by his wife Armetrida, Richard the
+second earle of Chester after the conquest; Robert, abbat of Saint
+Edmundsburie: and Otnell, tutor to the children of king Henrie the
+first. [Sidenote: _Iohn Bohun._] Moreouer, the said earle Hugh had a
+sister named Margaret, that was maried to John Bohun, who had issue by
+hir, Ranulfe Bohun, otherwise called Meschines, which Ranulfe by that
+meanes came to enioy the earledome of Chester in right of his mother
+(after that earle Richard was drowned in the sea) and not by exchange
+for the earledome of Carleil, as by this which we haue alreadie
+recited may sufficientlie be prooued.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 6.] Now to returne where we left. After that king
+William Rufus had giuen order for the building, fortifieng, and
+peopling of Carleil, he returned southwards, and came to Glocester,
+where he fell into a greeuous and dangerous sicknesse; [Sidenote:
+1093.] so that he was in despaire and doubt of his life: [Sidenote:
+_Simon Dun._ _Hen. Hunt._ _Matth. Paris._ The king being sicke
+promiseth amendment of life. _Polydor._ _Eadmerus._] wherefore he
+repented him of his former misdeeds, and promised (if he escaped that
+dangerous sicknesse) to amend and become a new man. But when he had
+his health, that promise was quickelie broken, for his dooings which
+were so bad and wicked before his sicknesse, being compared with those
+which followed after his recouerie, might haue beene reputed good and
+sufferable.
+
+[Sidenote: Anselme elected archbishop of Canturburie.] Moreouer,
+whereas he reteined and kept in his hands the bishoprike of
+Canturburie the space of foure yeares, he now bestowed it vpon
+Anselme, who was before abbat of Bechellouin in Normandie; and for
+certeine abbeis which he had held long time in his possession, he
+ordeined abbats: by meane wherof all men (but especiallie the
+spiritualtie) began to conceiue a verie good opinion of him.
+[Sidenote: _Eadmerus._] The yere wherein Anselme was thus elected, was
+from the birth of our Sauiour 1093. on the sixt of March, being the
+first sundaie in Lent (as Eadmerus recordeth.) [Sidenote: _Matth.
+Paris._ _Polydor._ Robert Bluet L. Chancelor elected bishop of
+Lincolne.] Furthermore he gaue the see of Lincolne (being void by the
+death of Bishop Remigius) to his councellour Robert Bluet; but
+afterward repenting himselfe of such liberalitie, in that he had not
+kept it longer in his hands towards the inriching of his coffers, he
+deuised a shift how to wipe the bishops nose of some of his gold,
+which he performed after this maner. He caused the bishop to be sued,
+quarelinglie charging him that he had wrongfullie vsurped certeine
+possessions, togither with the citie of Lincolne, which appertained to
+the see of Yorke. [Sidenote: _Hen. Hunt._] Which although it was but a
+forged cauillation, and a shamefull vntruth; yet could not the bishop
+be deliuered out of that trouble, till he had paid to the king fiue
+thousand pounds. And as he dealt with the spiritualtie, so he caused
+diuerse of the Nobilitie to be put to greeuous fines, for
+transgressing of his lawes, though the fault were neuer so little. He
+also caused the archbishop Anselme to paie him a great summe of monie,
+vnder colour of a contribution which was due in Lanfrankes daies,
+though it was certeinlie knowne that Lanfranke had paied it. Thus grew
+king William from time to time more sharpe and rigorous to his
+subiects, so that whosoeuer came within the danger of the laws, was
+sure to be condemned; and such as would plaie the promooters and giue
+informations against any man for transgressing the lawes, were highlie
+rewarded.
+
+In this sixt yeare there chanced such an excessiue raine, and such high
+flouds, the riuers ouerflowing the low grounds that lay neere vnto them,
+as the like had not beene seene of many yeares before; and afterwards
+insued a sudden frost, whereby the great streames were congeled in such
+sort, that at their dissoluing or thawing, manie bridges both of wood
+and stone were borne downe, and diuerse water-milles rent vp and caried
+awaie.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] Furthermore king William perceiuing that by his
+cruell and couetous gouernment, sundrie of his subiects did dailie
+steale out of the realme, [Sidenote: A proclamation that none should
+depart the realme.] to liue in forreine countries, he published a
+proclamation, charging that no man should depart the realme without
+his licence and safe-conduct. Hereof it is thought, that the custome
+rose of forbidding passage out of the realme, which oftentimes is vsed
+as a law, when occasion serueth. Soone after, he went against the
+Welshmen, whom he vanquished in battell neere to Brecknocke, and slue
+Rees their king, who had doone much hurt within the English borders,
+when he was their incamped. [Sidenote: _Ran. Higd._ Rees king of Wales
+slaine.] This Rise or Rees was the last king that reigned ouer the
+Welshmen, as authors affirme: for afterwards, though they oftentimes
+rebelled, yet the kings of England were reputed and taken as supreme
+gouernors of that part of the Iland. [Sidenote: _Wil. Thorne._]
+Moreouer, to haue the countrie the better in quiet, he did cut downe
+their woods, and builded manie castels and piles in places conuenient,
+by meanes whereof they were somewhat tamed, and trained in due time to
+obedience, though not at the first, nor in the daies of sundrie of his
+successors.
+
+[Sidenote: Malcolme king of Scots commeth to Glocester. _Wil. Malm._
+_Polydor._] Hauing thus finished his iournie into Wales, Malcolme king
+of Scotland came vnto Glocester to see the king, and to common with
+him of sundrie matters touching the peace betwixt both the realms, as
+he returned homewards: but bicause king William disdained to
+enterteine him in such pompous maner as he expected and made account
+of; [Sidenote: K. Malcolme inuadeth England.] and forsomuch as he did
+not at the verie first admit him to his presence, the said Malcolme
+returned into Scotland in great displeasure, and immediatelie raising
+a power, entred into England, destroieng the country vnto Alnewike
+castell, where he was so enuironed with an ambushment laid by Robert
+earle of Northumberland, that he and his eldest sonne Edward were
+slaine. At which mishap his whole host being vtterlie discomfited,
+fled out of the field with the losse of manie, whereof some were
+slaine, and some taken by pursute. [Sidenote: _Simon Dun._] Thus came
+king Malcolme to his end (by the iust prouidence of God) in that
+prouince which he had wasted and spoiled at fiue seuerall times, as
+first in the daies of king Edward, when earle Tostie was gone to Rome;
+the second time, in the daies of William Conquerour, when he spoiled
+Cleueland; thirdlie, in the same Conquerours daies, whilest bishop
+Walkher possessed the see of Durham, at what time all the countrie was
+spoiled and forraied, euen to the riuer of Tine; fourthlie, about the
+fourth or fift yeare of the reigne of this William Rufus, at which
+time he entered the land as farre as Chester in the street, whilest
+king William was in Normandie; the fift time was now, when he lost
+his life on saint Brices day, by the hands of a verie valiant knight
+named Morkell. King Malcolme being thus surprised by death, his bodie
+was buried at Tinmouth (as in the Scotish histories more plainelie
+appeareth) where also ye may find, how the sonnes of king Malcolme
+were aided by king William Rufus to obteine the crowne of Scotland,
+wherevnto they were interessed; whereas otherwise by the force and
+practise of their vncle Donald they had beene kept from the scepter
+and crowne of the kingdome.
+
+[Sidenote: _Ran. Higd._] [Sidenote: An. Reg. 7. 1094] This yeare
+England and Normandie were sore vexed with mortalitie both of men and
+beasts, insomuch that tillage of the ground was laid aside in manie
+places, by reason whereof there folowed great dearth & famine.
+[Sidenote: _Ran. Higd._ _Wil. Malm._ _Simon Dun._ Death & murren of
+cattell. Strange woonders. _Matth. Paris._ _Polydor._ _Simon Dun._]
+Manie grizelie and hideous sights were seene also in England, as hosts
+of men fighting in the aire, flashes of fier, stars falling from
+heauen, and such like strange wonders. About this time new occasions
+of breach of amitie grew betwixt the king and his brother Robert, who
+accused him of periurie, for not obseruing the articles of the last
+peace concluded betwixt them: wherefore he purposed to saile ouer into
+Normandie, and so came vnto Hastings, about the first of Februarie,
+where he soiourned for a time, and caused the church of Battell abbeie
+to be dedicated in the honour of S. Martin. He depriued Herbert bishop
+of Thetford of his bishops staffe, because he meant to haue stolen
+awaie secretlie to Rome, and there to haue purchased absolution of
+pope Urban for his bishoprike, which he had bought of the king for
+himselfe; and likewise for the abbasie of Winchester, which he had
+purchased for his father, paieng for them both a thousand pounds.
+
+[Sidenote: King William passeth ouer into Normandie.] After this,
+about midlent he passed ouer into Normandie with an armie, purposing
+to trie the matter with his brother in plaine battell, that thereby he
+might rather grow to some certeine point of losse or lucre, than to
+stand ouer vpon vncerteinties, whether to haue peace or war, that he
+must be constreined to be at all times in a readinesse to defend
+himselfe. [Sidenote: Wars betwixt the king and his brother.] But after
+he was come into Normandie, & had forraied part of the countrie once
+or twice, he fell to a parle with his brother duke Robert, & in the
+end condescended to put the matter in compromise to the arbitrement of
+certeine graue persons, whose iudgement the king reiected, bicause
+they gaue not sentence on his side. [Sidenote: _Matth. West._]
+Herevpon both parts prepared for war afresh, insomuch that the king
+perceiuing how his brother was aided by the French king, and that his
+power was too weake to withstand them both, he sent his commission
+into England for the leuieng of 20. thousand men, commanding that they
+should be sent ouer vnto him into Normandie by a daie, which was
+diligentlie performed. But as they were come togither about Hastings,
+readie to enter a shipboord, immediatlie commeth the kings lieutenant
+with a countermand, and signifieth to them, that the king minding to
+fauour and spare them for that iournie, would that euery of them
+should giue him 10. shillings (as Matt. Paris hath, or 20. shillings
+as others haue) towards the charges of the war, and therevpon depart
+home with a sufficient safeconduct; which the most part were better
+content to doo, than to commit themselues to the fortune of the sea,
+and bloudie successe of the wars in Normandie. [Sidenote: _Polydor._]
+In deed king William changing his mind, was now determined to end the
+matter with monie, and not with the sword, as it afterward appeered;
+for by bribing of king Philip, in whom duke Robert had reposed his
+whole trust, [Sidenote: A peace concluded betwixt the king and his
+brother Robert.] he concluded peace vpon such articles and conditions
+as he himselfe required.
+
+[Sidenote: _Hen. Hunt._ _Simon Dun._ The Welshmen inuade England.]
+Hauing dispatched his businesse in Normandie, he returned into
+England, where he happened to meet with new and more dangerous wars:
+for the Welshmen hearing of the variance betwixt the brethren, after
+their accustomed maner begin to inuade the English marshes, taking
+booties of cattell, destroieng the countries, killing and spoiling
+many of the kings subiects, both English and Normans. [Sidenote: The
+castell of Mountgomerie won by the Welshmen.] After this (waxing proud
+of their good successe) they besieged the castell of Mountgomerie,
+where though the garison made stout resistance for a time, yet in the
+end the enimie finding shift to ouerthrow the walles, entred
+perforce, and slue all that they found within. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 8.
+1095.] Wherewith though king William was offended when he heard of it,
+yet could he not remedie the matter as then, being troubled with a
+conspiracie newlie kindled against him by Robert earle of
+Northumberland, [Sidenote: Robert earle of Northumberland refuseth to
+come to the king.] who vpon displeasure conceiued against him (bicause
+he was not rewarded nor thanked at his hands for his good seruice
+shewed in the killing of Malcolme king of Scotland) refused to come
+vnto him being sent for by letters, and herewith began to practise
+with certeine other Noble men of that countrie, how to depose king
+William. But yer he could bring anie peece of his purpose to passe,
+the king hauing aduertisement of his attempts, [Sidenote: _Matth.
+Paris._] first appointed his brother the lord Henrie to go thither
+with an armie, and foorthwith foloweth himselfe; and comming to
+Newcastell, where the most part of his complices were assembled, he
+surprised them yer they could haue time to prouide for their safetie.
+That doone, he went to Tinmouth, and in the castell tooke the earles
+brother there, and after came to Banbourgh castell, which the said
+earle with his wife and children did hold for their better safegard
+and defense.
+
+[Sidenote: _Hen. Hunt._] Some authors write, that when the king
+perceiued it would be hard for him to win Banbourgh castell (by reason
+of the great strength thereof) without famine, [Sidenote: Maluoisin a
+fortresse built against Banbourgh.] he builded vp an other castell or
+bastilion fast by it, calling the same Maluoisin, wherein he placed a
+great power of men, by whose meanes at length the earle was so
+narrowlie driuen, that when he sought to haue escaped by night, he was
+espied, [Sidenote: _Polydor._] and therewith pursued so closelie by
+the kings souldiers, that he was forced to take sanctuarie within the
+church of S. Oswins at Tinmouth, from whence he was quicklie taken,
+and brought as prisoner to the kings presence. Notwithstanding, those
+that remained within the castell vpon trust of the strength of that
+place, would not yeeld by anie meanes; but stood still to their
+tackling: wherevpon the king caused the earle their maister to be
+brought foorth before the gates, and threatened that he should haue
+his eies put out, if they within did not streightwaies giue vp the
+hold into his hands. [Sidenote: Banbourgh yeelded to the king.] Here
+vpon it came to passe, that the castell was yeelded, and those that
+kept it were diuerslie punished, some by banishment, some by loosing
+their eares, & diuerse by the losse of their hands, in example to
+others. The earle himselfe was conueied to Windsor castell, and there
+committed to prison.
+
+[Sidenote: _Simon Dun._ The earle of Ewe.] Some write that the meaning
+of the earle and his complices (amongst whom was William earle of Ewe,
+who renouncing his allegiance to Robert duke of Normandie, was become
+the kings man) was to haue displaced the king from his roiall throne,
+and to haue set vp his sonne William de Albemarle, whom he had
+begotten of his concubine. But whatsoeuer their purpose was, after
+that the king had quieted his countrie in the north parts, [Sidenote:
+_Matth. Paris._] he bent all his force against the Welshmen, who the
+yeare before had destroied and ouerthrowne the castell of Moungomerie,
+and slaine the Normans that laie there in garison to defend it,
+whereat he was verie much offended, [Sidenote: King William inuadeth
+Wales.] & therefore entering into Wales, he began to spoile and wast
+the countrie. For he saw that the Welshmen would not ioine in battell
+with him in the plaine field, but kept themselues still aloofe within
+the woods and marishes, and aloft vpon mountaines: albeit oftentimes
+when they saw aduantage, they would come foorth, and taking the
+Englishmen and Normans at vnawares, kill manie, and wound no small
+numbers, he still pursued them by hils and dales, though more to the
+losse of his owne people than the hurt of the Welshmen, who easilie
+eschewed the danger of battell, and still at the straites and
+combersome passages distressed manie of their enimies: whereby the
+king at length perceiuing that he could not preuaile against them,
+ceassed further to follow on with his purposed voiage, and therewith
+returned home, not without some note of dishonor.[Sidenote: The king
+returneth out of Wales with dishonour. _Eadmerus._ Murcherdach king of
+Ireland.]
+
+About the same time Murcherdach king of Ireland, with the clergie and
+people of the citie of Dublin, elected one Samuell a moonke of S.
+Albons, an Irish man borne, to the gouernement of the church and bishops
+see of Dublin, and (according to the ancient custome) presented him by
+sufficient letters of testimonie vnto Anselme archbishop of
+Canturburie, to be consecrated of him, who (according to their request)
+did so, and receiued from him a promise of his canonicall subiection,
+after the old vsuall maner, hauing foure bishops (suffragans to the see
+of Canturburie) ministring to him at that consecration.
+
+[Sidenote: The councell of Clermount.] In like maner, pope Urban
+calling a councell at Clermont in Auuergne, exhorted the christian
+princes so earnestlie to make a iourneie into the holie land,
+[Sidenote: The iournie into the holie land.] for the recouerie thereof
+out of the Saracens hands, that the said great and generall iournie
+was concluded vpon to be taken in hand; [Sidenote: Godfray de
+Bullion.] wherein manie Noble men of christendome went vnder the
+leading of Godfray of Bullion, and others, as in the chronicles of
+France, of Germanie, and of the holie land dooth more plainlie
+appeare. There went also among other diuers Noble men foorth of this
+relme of England, speciallie that worthilie bare the surname of
+Beauchampe. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 9. 1096.] Robert duke of Normandie
+minding also to go the same iournie, and wanting monie to furnish and
+set foorth himselfe, morgaged his duchie of Normandie to his brother
+king William, for the summe of ten thousand pounds. [Sidenote: _Hen.
+Hunt._ _Will. Thorne._ _Simon Dun._ A subsidie.] About this time
+another occasion was offered vnto king William, to laie a new paiment
+vpon his subiects, so greeuous and intolerable, as well to the
+spiritualtie as the temporaltie, that diuerse bishops and abbats, who
+had alreadie made away some of their chalices and church iewels to
+paie the king, made now plaine answer that they were not able to helpe
+him with any more. Unto whom on the other side (as the report went)
+the king said againe; "Haue you not (I beseech you) coffins of gold
+and siluer full of dead mens bones:" Meaning the shrines wherein the
+relikes of saints were inclosed. Which (as his words seemed to import)
+he would haue had them conuert into monie, therewith to helpe him in
+that need, iudging it no sacrilege, though manie did otherwise esteeme
+it, considering (as he pretended) that it was gathered for so godlie
+an vse, as to mainteine warres against Infidels and enimies of Christ.
+
+[Sidenote: _Eadmerus._] The archbishop Anselme tooke the worth of two
+hundred markes of siluer of the iewels that belonged to the church of
+Canturburie (the greater part of the couent of moonks winking thereat)
+towards the making vp of such paiment as he was constreined to make
+vnto the king towards his aid at that time. But bicause he would not
+leaue this for an example to be followed of his successours, he
+granted to the church of Canturburie the profits and reuenues of his
+manour of Petteham, vnto the vse of the same church for the terme of
+seauen yeares, which amounted to the summe of thirtie pounds yearelie
+in those daies.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] Thus king William seeking rather to spoile the
+realme of England, than to preserue the roiall state thereof, after he
+had gotten togither a great masse of monie, sailed ouer into
+Normandie, and there deliuering vnto the duke the ten thousand pounds
+aforesaid, was put in possession of the duchie, to enioy the same, and
+the profits rising thereof, till the said ten thousand pounds were
+paid him againe: [Sidenote: The duchie of Normandie morgaged to king
+William. _Eadmerus._] or (as some write) it was couenanted that in
+recompense thereof, the king should enioy the profits for terme onelie
+of three yeares, and then to restore it without any further interest
+or commoditie. [Sidenote: _Polydor._] This doone, he returned againe
+into England.
+
+Now duke Robert setteth forward on his iornie, in companie of other
+Noble men, towards the holie land. In which voiage his valorous hart at
+all assaies (when any seruice should be shewed) was most manifestlie
+perceiued, to his high fame and renowme among the princes and nobilitie
+there and then assembled.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 10. 1097.] [Sidenote: _Eadmerus._ Waterford in
+Ireland made a bishoprike. The archbishop of Canturburie primate of
+Ireland.] About the same time, the citizens of Waterford in Ireland,
+perceiuing that by reason of the great multitude of people in that
+citie, it was necessarie for them to haue a bishop; obteined licence
+of their king and rulers to erect in their citie a bishops see, and
+besought them that it might please them to write vnto Anselme the
+archbishop of Canturburie their primate, to haue his consent therein,
+so as it might stand with his pleasure to institute and ordeine such a
+one bishop, to haue gouernement of their church, as they should name,
+knowing him to be a man of such learning, knowledge, discretion and
+worthines as were fit for the roome. [Sidenote: Murcherdach K. of
+Ireland.] Herevpon were letters sent by messengers from Murcherdach
+king of Ireland vnto Anselme, informing him of the whole matter:
+wherein one Malchus was commended and presented vnto him to be
+admitted and consecrated, if he thought good. These letters were
+subscribed with the hands, not onelie of king Murcherdach, but also of
+his brother duke Dermeth, bishop Dufnald, Idiman bishop of Methe,
+Samuell bishop of Dublin, Ferdomnachus bishop of Laginia or Leinister,
+and many others both of the spiritualtie and temporaltie.
+
+Anselme considering their request to be iust and necessarie, granted
+to fulfill their desires, and so vpon examination had of the man, and
+taking of him his oth of obedience, according to the maner, he
+consecrated the same Malchus, and so ordeined him to rule the church
+of Waterford as bishop. [Sidenote: Malchus consecrated bishop of
+Waterford.] This was doone at Canturburie the 28. day of October, Rafe
+bishop of Chichester, and Gundulfe bishop of Rochester helping Anselme
+in the consecration as ministers vnto him in that behalfe. The said
+Malchus was a monke, and sometime vnder Walkhelme bishop of
+Winchester.
+
+[Sidenote: The king eftsoones inuadeth the Welshmen. _Polydor._] But
+to the purpose, king William after his returne into England,
+remembring what damage he had susteined two yeeres before at the hands
+of the Welshmen, determined eftsoones to inuade their countrie, and
+therefore doubling his power, commeth into the marshes, pitcheth his
+field, and consulteth with his capteines what order he were best to
+vse in that his enterprise, for the taming of his enimies. The
+Welshmen hearing of the kings approch, and that his armie was farre
+greater than the last which he brought into their countrie, fell to
+their woonted policie, [Sidenote: The Welshmen withdraw into the
+woods. _H. Hunt._] and got them into the woods, there to lie in wait,
+trusting more to the aduantage of starting holes, than to their owne
+force & puissance.
+
+When the king vnderstood their practise, he set armed men in diuers
+places, and builded towers and fortifications to defend him and his,
+bicause he durst not assaie to enter into wild and wast grounds where
+he had beene hindred and damnified before that time, hoping by this
+meanes in stopping vp the waies and passages of the countrie, to bring
+the rebels to more subiection. But when this policie was found by
+proofe to wearie the kings souldiors rather than to hurt the enimies,
+which straieng vp and downe in the woods intrapped oftentimes the
+Normans and English, in taking them at aduantage, the king without
+bringing his purpose to any good effect, departed home into England.
+[Sidenote: _Simon Dun._ _R. Houed._] After this he sent Edgar Etheling
+with an armie into Scotland, that he might place his coosine Edgar the
+sonne of king Malcolme in the gouernement of that kingdome, and expell
+his vncle Duffnald, who had vsurped the same.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 11. 1098.] King William, being still inflamed with
+ire, for that he could not haue his will, determined with continuall
+warres to wearie the rebellious stomachs of the Welshmen: and
+therefore was fixed first to set vpon them of Anglesey, which being an
+Ile enuironed with the sea, was euer a refuge for them when they were
+sharpelie pursued. [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] This enterprise was
+cheeflie committed vnto Hugh earle of Shrewsburie and Arundell, and to
+Hugh earle of Chester, who at their first comming wan the Ile, and
+tempered the victorie with great crueltie and bloudshed, putting out
+the eies of some, cutting off the noses, the armes, or hands of
+others, and some also they gelded. [Sidenote: _Gyral. Cam._] Moreouer
+(as authors write) the said earle of Shrewesburie made a kenell of the
+church of Saint Fridancus, laieng his hounds within it for the night
+time, but in the morning he found them all raging wood. How true so
+euer this report is I wote not, but shortlie after they had executed
+(in maner as before is said) such strange kinds of crueltie in that
+Ile, it chanced that a nauie of rouers came thither from the Iles of
+Orkney, whose cheefe admirall was named Magnus, who incountring with
+the said earle of Shrewesburie, [Sidenote: Hugh earle of Shrewsburie
+slaine.] shot him into the eie with an arrow, which part of his body
+remained bare and vnarmed, so that by & by he fell downe dead out of
+his ship into the sea. When Magnus beheld this, he said scornefullie
+in the Danish toong, _Leit loupe_, that is; Let him leape now: the
+English neuerthelesse had the victorie at that time (as some write)
+and ouercame their enimies with great slaughter and bloudshed.
+[Sidenote: _Fab. ex Guido de Columna._] Not long after, the earle of
+Chester going ouer to Wales, with long and continual warres tired and
+tamed the wild Welshmen, who for a good while after durst not shew
+their faces.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 12. 1099.] The king being thus at quiet and
+without warre in all places, began now to set his mind on building,
+and first caused new walles to be made about the tower of London, and
+also laid the foundation, of Westminster hall, which though it be a
+verie large and roomthie place, yet after it was finished at his
+returne out of Normandie, he came to view it, held his court therein
+with great pompe and honor. [Sidenote: _Fabian._ _Ran. Higd._ _Matth.
+Paris._] He repented that he had made it no larger, saieng; it was too
+little by the halfe, and therefore determined to haue made a new, and
+that this other should haue serued but for a dining chamber. A
+diligent searcher (saith Matthew Paris) might yet find out the
+foundation of the hall, which he had purposed to build, stretching
+from the Thames side vnto the common street. But though those his
+buildings were great ornaments to the realme, yet bicause he tooke vp
+monie by extortion of his subiects towards the charges of the same, he
+was euill spoken of; [Sidenote: _Polydor._] the report being spred,
+that he should take them in hand but onelie vnder a colour to spoile
+his subiects, in gathering a farre greater summe than the expenses of
+them did amount vnto. [Sidenote: The king goeth ouer into Normandie.]
+About the same time that king William beganne these buildings, he went
+ouer into Normandie, to vnderstand in what state that countrie stood.
+
+[Sidenote: Finchamsteed. _Ran. Higd._ _Hen. Hunt._ _Matth. West._
+_Wil. Malm._] About the same time also, or rather two yeere before; to
+wit 1097. neere to Abington, at a towne called Finchamsteed in
+Berkshire, a well or fountaine flowed with bloud, in maner as before
+it vsed to flow with water, and this continued for the space of three
+daies, or (as William Malmes. saith) fifteene daies togither.
+
+After the king had dispatched his businesse in Normandie, & was
+returned into England (as he was making prouision to ride foorth on
+hunting) a messenger came suddenlie vnto him, bringing word, that the
+citie of Mans was besieged, and like to be surprised. [Sidenote: _Hen.
+Hunt._ _Matth. Paris._] The king was then at dinner, meaning first to
+make an end thereof, and after to take aduice in that matter: but
+being reprooued by the messenger, for that to the great danger of his
+subiects which were besieged he passed not to make delaies, rather
+than to go and succour them with all speed, he taketh the mans blunt
+speech in so good part, that he called straightwaie for masons to
+breake downe the wall, to the end he might passe through the next way,
+and not be driuen to step so farre out of his path, as to go foorth by
+the doores: and so without any long aduisement taken in the cause, he
+rode straightwaie to the sea, sending his lords a commandement to
+follow; [Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._] who when they came in his presence,
+counselled him to staie till his people were assembled. Howbeit he
+would not giue eare to their aduice in that point, but said; Such as
+loue me, I know well will follow me, and so went a shipboord, setting
+apart all doubts of perils; and yet was the weather verie darke, rough
+and cloudie, insomuch that the maister of the ship was afraid, and
+willed him to tarrie till the wind did settle in some quiet quarter:
+[Sidenote: The saieng of king William Rufus.] but hee commanded to
+hoise vp sailes, and to make all speed that could be for life,
+incouraging the shipmaster with these words, "that he neuer heard as
+yet of anie king that was drowned."
+
+Thus passing the seas, he landed in Normandie, where he gathered his
+power, and made towards Mans. When those which held the siege before
+the citie, heard of his approch, they brake vp their campe and
+departed thence: [Sidenote: Mans deliuered from an asseege.] howbeit,
+the capteine named Helias, that pretended by title and right to be
+earle of Mans, was taken by a traine; and brought before the king, who
+iested at him, as though he had beene but a foole and a coward.
+[Sidenote: Helias.] Wherevpon, the said Helias kindled in wrath,
+boldlie said vnto him; "Whereas thou hast taken me prisoner, it was by
+meere chance, and not by thy manhood: but if I were at libertie
+againe, I would so vse the matter with thee, that thou shouldest not
+thinke I were a man so lightlie to be laughed at." "No should (saith
+the king); Well then I giue thee thy libertie, and go thy waies, doo
+euen the worst that lieth in thy power against me, for I care not a
+button for thee." Helias being, thus set at libertie, did nothing
+after (to make anie account of) against the king, but rather kept
+himselfe quiet. [Sidenote: _Hen. Hunt._ _Polydor._] Howbeit some
+write, that he was not taken at all, but escaped by flight. To
+proceed king William being returned into England, and puffed vp with
+pride of his victories, and now seeing himselfe fullie deliuered from
+all troubles of warre, began after his old manner to spoile and wast
+the countrie by vnreasonable exactions, tributes and paiments.
+
+[Sidenote: Variance betwixt the king and the archbishop Anselme.]
+Herevpon fell a great controuersie betweene Anselme and the king, who
+pretended a reproch of cruell surcharging of his commons with
+subsidies, lones, and vnreasonable fines: but the cheefe cause was,
+for that he might not call his synods, nor correct the bishops, but
+all to be doone as the king would. The king also chalenged the
+inuestiture of prelates, and indeed sore taxed both the spiritualtie
+and temporaltie, spending the monie vpon the reparations and buildings
+of the Tower, & Westminster hall, as is before remembred. Besides
+this, his seruants spoiled the English of their goods by indirect
+meanes: but especiallie one Rafe sometime chaplaine vnto William the
+Conquerour, & at this time the kings proctor and collector of his
+taskes and subsidies was so malicious & couetous, that in steed of two
+taskes, he would leuie three, pilling the rich, and powling the poore,
+so that manie through his cruell dealing were oftentimes made to
+forfeit their lands for small offenses: and by his meanes also diuerse
+bishoprikes were bought and sold as other kinds of merchandizes,
+whereby he was in singular fauour with the king. [Sidenote: The
+clergie out of order.] The clergie also were vsed verie streightlie,
+and (as I suppose) not without good cause; for suerlie in those daies
+it was far out of order, not onelie in couetous practises, but in all
+kinds of worldlie pompe and vanitie: for they had vp bushed and
+braided perukes, long side garments verie gorgeous, gilt girdels, gilt
+spurs, with manie other vnseemelie disorders in attire. To be short,
+the contention grew so hot betwixt the king and Anselme, who would
+also haue corrected such vices in the clergie (as some write)
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] that in the end the archbishop was quite
+cast out of fauour. [Sidenote: A thousand markes demanded of Anselme.]
+There are which alledge the verie first and originall occasion of
+their falling out to be, for that the archbishop denied to paie a
+thousand marks of siluer at his request; in consideration of the great
+beneuolence shewed in preferring him to his see, whereas the
+archbishop iudged the offense of simonie, to rest as well in giuing
+after his promotion receiued, as if he had bribed him aforehand, and
+therefore refused to make anie such paiment: [Sidenote: _Eadmerus._]
+but yet (as Eadmerus writeth) he offered him fiue hundred pounds of
+siluer, which would not be receiued, for the king was informed by some
+of his councell, that the archbishop (in consideration of his
+bountious liberalitie extended towards him) ought rather to giue him
+two thousand pounds, than fiue hundred, adding, that if he would but
+change his countenance, and giue him no freendlie lookes for a while,
+he should perceiue that Anselme would ad to the first offer, other
+fiue hundred pounds. But Anselme was so far from being brought to the
+kings lure with such fetches, that openlie to the kings face he told
+him, that better it should be for his maiestie to receiue of him a
+small summe granted of him with a free and franke hart, so as he might
+helpe him eftsoones with more, than to take from him a great deale at
+once, without his good will, in such sort as if he were his bondman.
+For your grace (saith he) may haue me, and all that is mine, to serue
+your turne with freendlie beneuolence: but in the waie of seruitude
+and bondage you shall neither haue me nor mine. With which words the
+king was in maruellous choler, and therewith said in anger: "Well
+then, get thee home, take that which is thine to thy selfe that which
+I haue of mine owne I trust will suffice me." The archbishop beeing on
+his knees, rose herewith and departed, reioising in his mind that the
+king had refused his offer, whereby he was deliuered out of suspicion
+to haue bribed the king, and giuen him that monie in waie of reward
+for his preferment to the miter, as of malicious men would happilie
+haue beene construed. [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] Wherevpon beeing
+after laboured to double the summe he vtterlie refused, and
+determining rather to forsake the realme than to commit such an
+offense, made suit to the king for licence to go to Rome to fetch his
+pall of the pope. [Sidenote: The king could not abide to heare the
+pope named.] The king hearing the pope named, waxed maruellous angrie:
+for they of Rome began alreadie to demand donations and
+contributions, more impudentlie than they were hitherto accustomed.
+And as it chanced, there was a schisme at that time in the church, by
+reason the emperor Henrie had placed a pope of his owne aduancing,
+(namely Wibteth archbishop of Rauenna) against pope Urban: for the
+emperor mainteined that it belonged to his office onlie to elect and
+assigne what pope it pleased him.
+
+King William therefore conceiued displeasure against Urban, who
+withstood the emperours pretense, and alledged by the like, that no
+archbishop or bishop within his realme should haue respect to the
+church of Rome, nor to anie pope, with whome they had nothing to doo,
+either by waie of subiection, or otherwise; sith the popes wandered
+out of the steps which Peter trode, seeking after bribes, lucre, and
+worldlie honor. He said also that they could not reteine the power to
+lose and bind, which they sometime had, since they shewed themselues
+nothing at all to follow his most vertuous life and holie
+conuersation. He added furthermore, that for himselfe, sithens the
+conuersion of the realme to the christian faith, he had as great
+authoritie, franchises and liberties within the same, as the emperour
+had in his empire. And what hath the pope then to doo (quoth he) in
+the empire, or in my kingdome touching temporall liberties, whose
+dutie it is to be carefull for the soule of man, and to see that
+heresies spring not vp, which if the prelates of the prouince be not
+able to reforme, then might the pope doo it, either by himselfe or his
+legats. [Sidenote: _Eadmerus._ The kings demand to Anselme.] Againe,
+by reason of the schisme, & for the displeasure that he bare pope
+Urban, he asked Anselme of which pope he would require his pall, sith
+he was so hastie to go to Rome for it. Wherto Anselme answered, that
+he would require it of pope Urban. Which words when the king had
+heard, he said, I haue not as yet admitted him pope: adding further
+that it was against the custome vsed either in his or his fathers
+time, that anie man within the realme of England should name or obeie
+anie man for pope, without the kings licence and consent, saieng
+moreouer, that if the said Anselme would seeke to take that
+prerogatiue and dignitie from him, it should be all one, as if he
+should go about to take awaie from him his crowne, and all other
+roiall dignitie. Wherevnto Anselme answered, that at Rochester (before
+he was consecrated bishop) he had declared his mind therein, and that
+beeing abbat of Bechellouin in Normandie, he had receiued Urban for
+pope; so that whatsoeuer chanced, he might reuolt from his obedience
+and subiection.
+
+The king beeing the more kindled herewith, protested in plaine words,
+that Anselme could not keepe his faith and allegiance towards him, and
+his obedience also to the see of Rome, against his will and pleasure.
+[Sidenote: A councell at Rockingham in Rutlandshire.] But (to
+conclude) this matter went so far in controuersie betwixt the king and
+the bishop, that a councell was called at Rockingham in Rutlandshire,
+and there in the church within the castell, the matter was earnestlie
+decided, and much adoo on euerie side, to haue constreined Anselme to
+renounce his opinion, but he would not. Wherfore it was then deuised,
+that if he would not agree to the kings pleasure, they would by and by
+see if they might by any meanes depriue him: but Anselme still held
+hard, and could not be feared by all these threats; and in like maner
+to iudge of an archbishops cause, the other bishops concluded that
+they had no authoritie.
+
+Moreouer, while the matter was in consultation among the bishops,
+another of the kings councell that was a knight, came before Anselme
+in place where he sat almost alone, to looke for an answer by them
+from the king, which knight kneeling downe before the archbishop,
+spake these words vnto him: "Reuerend father, your humble children
+beseech your Grace not to haue your heart troubled with these things
+which you heare; but call to remembrance that blessed man Job,
+vanquishing the diuell on the dunghill, and reuenging Adam whome he
+had ouercome in paradise." Which words the archbishop considering with
+a freendlie countenance, perceiued that the minds of the people
+remained on his side, whereof both he and such as were about him, were
+right ioyfull and greatlie comforted, [Sidenote: * If they be Gods
+people.] hauing hope, (according to the scripture) that the * voice
+of the people was the voice of God. When the king vnderstood all these
+things, he was maruelouslie disquieted in mind, and therefore
+perceiuing that the bishops and other of his councell had promised
+more than they could performe, he blamed them for it: vnto whom the
+bishop of Durham that was the cheefe dooer in this matter, framed this
+answer: "He spake so faintlie (quoth he) and so coldlie at the first,
+that he seemed not to haue any store of wit or wisdome."
+
+Finallie, the matter was deferred vntill the next morning, and then the
+said bishop of Durham, alledging that they could not well ouercome him
+by arguments, so long as he grounded his opinion in such sort vpon the
+scripture, and the authoritie of Saint Peter; "The best way therefore
+(said he) shall be, to compell him by force, either to agree to the
+kings mind, or else to depriue him of his ring and staffe, and after
+banish him the realme." But the lords of the councell allowed not the
+bishops words herein. "Well (saith the king) and what other way will you
+thinke good, if this like you not: so long as I may liue, I will not
+surelie suffer any to be my peere within my realme: and if you knew his
+cause to be so good, why did you suffer me to commense this action
+against him: go your waies therefore, and take aduice togither, for by
+Gods face (for that was his oth) if you condemne him not at my will, I
+will reuenge myself vpon you." Neuerthelesse, when he was informed,
+that bicause he was an archbishop, they had no power to iudge or
+condemne him, though his cause prooued neuer so euill, which they
+could not perceiue[1] so to be; he told them yet they might at the
+leastwise renounce their obedience to him, and forsake his companie,
+which they said they might doo. "Then doo it (saith the king) with
+speed, that he may (when he shall see himselfe abandoned, and despised
+of all men) repent that he hath followed Urban, and neglected me his
+souereigne lord and maister. [Sidenote: The king renounceth the
+archbishop for his subiect.] And that he may doo it the more safelie,
+first of all I depriue him of the suertie and allegiance which he may
+pretend to haue of me within all my dominions, and from hencefoorth I
+will haue no affiance in him, nor take him for an archbishop."
+
+The bishops would faine haue persuaded Anselme to haue shewed himselfe
+comformable to the kings pleasure, and therefore tooke paines with him
+earnestlie in that behalfe, but all would not serue. He answered indeed
+verie curteouslie, but his benefice he would not renounce, as touching
+the name and office, though in exterior things he were neuer so much
+disquieted. The king perceiuing him to stand stiffe in his opinion, said
+vnto his lords; "His words are euer contrarie to my mind, and I will not
+take him for my freend, whosoeuer dooth fauour him. I shall therefore
+require you that be peeres of my realme, to renounce all the faith and
+freendship which you beare him, that he may see what he hath gained by
+that allegiance, which (to the offending of my person) he obserueth to
+the apostolike see." Whereto the lords answered; "As for vs, we were
+neuer his men, and therefore we cannot abiure any fealtie which we neuer
+acknowledged. He is our archbishop, and hath rule in matters perteining
+to christian religion within this land, for which cause we that are
+christians may not refuse his authoritie whilest we remaine here on
+earth, bicause he is attainted with no blemish of any heinous crime,
+which may constreine vs otherwise to doo." The king refrained and
+dissembled his wrath, least he should prouoke them to further
+displeasure by speaking against their reason.
+
+[Sidenote: The bishops driuen to their shifts how to shape an answer.]
+The bishops were sore abashed hereat, and driuen to a shrewd pinch. Now
+when, not long after, the king required to know of euerie of them apart,
+whether they vtterlie renounced all manner of subiection and obedience
+vnto Anselme without any condition intermitted, or else that onelie
+which he did pretend by authoritie of the pope: the bishops making
+answer diuerslie herevnto, the king appointed those to sit downe by him
+as faithfull subiects, who acknowledged that their renuntiation was
+absolutelie made, without intermitting of any condition: as for the
+other, who protested that they renounced their subiection and obedience
+vnto him onelie in that which he presumed vpon in the behalfe of the
+pope, he commanded them to go aside, and to remaine in a corner of the
+house to heare the sentence of their condemnation pronounced.
+
+[Sidenote: The meane to pacifie the king.] Wherefore being put in a
+maruellous feare, they withdrew themselues aside, but yet straightwaies
+they deuised a shift wherewith they had beene well acquainted before, as
+followeth. They presented to the king a great masse of monie to appease
+his wrath, and so thereby were restored to his fauour. [Sidenote: The
+stiffenes of Anselme in withstanding the kings pleasure.] Anselme
+notwithstanding was obstinate in his opinion, so that in the end, the
+sentense touching this controuersie betwixt him and the king was
+respited till the octaues of Pentecost next ensuing. [Sidenote: _Matth.
+Paris._] All this was notified well inough to the pope, who vsed the
+matter with such moderation, that by secret aduertisements giuen, he
+tooke awaie from his brethren all rigorous waies of proceedings, saieng;
+    Dum furor in cursu est, currenti cede furori.
+
+But yet the kings enmitie towards Anselme was openlie declared, and that
+cheefelie for the deniall of the monie which he demanded; but at length
+he got it, though not with any free heart or goodwill of the archbishop:
+insomuch that the king reputed him giltie of treason. Within a few daies
+after, Walter bishop of Alba, bringing to him his pall, verie wiselie
+reconciled the pope and the king. Notwithstanding all this, Anselme
+could not purchase the kings goodwill to his contentment, though he
+wiselie dissembled for the time; so that when the bishop of Alba should
+returne to Rome, he made sute for licence to go with him. Neuerthelesse,
+the king offered him, that if he would desist from his purpose, and
+sweare vpon the euangelists neither to go to Rome, nor to appeale in any
+cause to the popes court, he might and should liue in quietnesse free
+from all danger: [Sidenote: _Eadmerus._] but if he would not be so
+contented, he might and should depart at his perill, without hope to
+returne hither againe. "For surelie (saith he) if he go, I will seize
+the archbishoprike into mine owne hands, and receiue him no more for
+archbishop."
+
+[Sidenote: _Fabian._ _Matth. Paris._] Anselme herewith departing from
+the court came to Canturburie, declaring openlie what had bin said vnto
+him, and immediatelie sought to flee out of the realme in the night,
+prouiding for himselfe a ship at Douer. But his purpose being reuealed
+to the king, one William Warlewast the kings seruant was sent after him,
+and finding him readie to depart, tooke from him all that he had, & gaue
+him a free pasport out of the land. [Sidenote: Anselme comming to Rome
+complaineth of the king.] Anselme repairing to Rome, made vnto pope
+Urban a greeuous information against the king, declaring into what
+miserable state he had brought the Realme, and that for want of
+assistance in his suffragans it laie not in him to reforme the matter.
+
+[Sidenote: Ranelfe bishop of Chichester.] Indeed we find not that any of
+the bishops held with Anselme in the controuersie betwixt him and the
+king, Ranulph bishop of Chichester excepted, who both blamed the king
+and rebuked all such bishops as had refused to stand with Anselme, and
+fauoured the king in cases concerning the foresaid variance. Moreouer,
+the same bishop of Chichester withstood the king and his officers in
+taking fines of preests for the crime of fornication; by reason of which
+presumption, the king became sore offended with him: & found meanes to
+suspend many churches of his diocesse. Howbeit in the end, the bishop
+demeaned himselfe in suchwise, that he had his owne will, and his church
+doores were opened againe, which had beene stopped vp before with
+thornes. [Sidenote: Fines of preests that had wiues as by some writers
+it seemed.] Besides this, the king was contented, that the said bishop
+should haue the fines of preests in crimes of fornication within his
+diocesse, and enioy many other priuileges in right of his church.
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] But how beneficiall soeuer he was vnto the see of
+Chichester, true it is (as Polydor writeth) that he let out diuers
+abbeies, and the bishoprike of Winchester and Salisburie, with the
+archbishoprike of Canturburie vnto certeine persons that farmed the same
+at his hands for great summes of monie, in so much that (beside the said
+sees of Canturburie, Winchester, and Salisburie, which at the time of
+his death be kept in his hands) he also receiued the profits of eleuen
+abbeies which he had let out, or otherwise turned to his most
+aduantage[2].
+
+[Sidenote: Robert Losaunge. _Ran. Higd._ _Wil. Malm._] Robert Losaunge,
+of some called Herbert, that sometime had bin abbat of Ramsey, and then
+bishop of Thetford by gift of a thousand pounds to the king (as before
+ye haue heard) repented him, for that he was inuested by the king, who
+after he had bewailed his offense, went to Rome, and did penance for the
+same in all points as the pope enioined him. Which being doone, he
+returned into England, remoouing yer long his see from Thetford to
+Norwich, where he founded a faire monasterie of his owne charges, and
+not of the churches goods (as some say) wherein is a doubt, considering
+he was first an abbat, and after a bishop.
+
+[Sidenote: Stephan Harding a moonke. _Ran. Higd._ _Iacobus Philippus
+Berigonias._] About this time, by the meanes of Stephan Harding a Monke
+of Shireborne, an Englishman, the order of Cisteaux or white moonkes had
+his beginning within the countrie of Burgongne, as witnesneth Ranulph
+the moonke of Chester: but other writers (as Iacob. Philippus) say that
+this Stephan was the second abbat of that place, and that it was founded
+by one Robert abbat of Molmense, in the yeare of Grace 1098. This order
+was after brought into England by one called Walter Espeke, who founded
+the first abbeie of that religion within this relme at Riuall, about the
+yeare of Grace 1131.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 13. 1100.] [Sidenote: The kings lauish prodigalitie.
+Strange woonders. _Wil. Malm._] But to returne againe to the king, who
+still continued in his wilfull couetousnesse, pulling from the rich and
+welthie, to waste and spend it out in all excesse, vaine riot, and gifts
+bestowed on such as had least deserued the same. And yet he was warned
+by manie strange woonders (as the common people did discant) to refraine
+from these euill doings: for the Thames did rise with such high springs
+and tides, that manie townes were drowned, and much hurt doone in places
+about London, and elsewhere. Diuerse rare things happened also at the
+same time, which I passe ouer. But the king hearing hereof, did nothing
+regard those which were so bold as to tell him that they were euident
+significations of some vengeance to follow therevpon. [Sidenote: A
+dreame. _Matth. West._ _Wil. Malm._] The king also himselfe on a night
+as he slept & dreamed, thought that the veines of his armes were broken,
+and that the blood issued out in great abundance. Likewise, he was told
+by Robert Fitz Hammon, that a moonke should dreame in his sleepe, how he
+saw the king gnaw the image of Christ crucified, with his teeth, and
+that as he was about to bite awaie the legs of the same image, Christ
+with his feet should spurne him downe to the ground, insomuch that as he
+lay on the earth, there came out of his mouth a flame of fire, and such
+abundance of smoke, that the aire was darkened therewith. But the king
+made a iest of these and the like tales; "He is a right moonke (saith
+he) and to haue a peece of monie, he dreameth such things, giue him
+therefore an hundred shillings, and bid him dreame of better fortune to
+our person." Neuerthelesse, the king was somewhat mooued herewith in the
+end, and doubted whether he should go into the new forest to hunt on
+Lammas day (as he had purposed) or no, bicause his freends councelled
+him not to trie the truth of dreames to his owne losse and hinderance.
+Wherevpon he forbare to go foorth before dinner, but when he had dined
+and made himselfe merrie with receiuing more drinke than commonlie he
+vsed to doo, abroad he got him into the forest with a small traine:
+[Sidenote: Sir Walter Tirel.] amongst whom was one sir Walter Tirell a
+French knight, whom he had reteined in seruice with a large stipend.
+
+This Sir Walter chanced to remaine with the king, when all the rest of
+the companie was dispersed here and there, as the maner in hunting is.
+Now as the sunne began to draw lowe, the king perceiuing an hart to come
+alongst by him, shot at the same, and with his arrow stroke him; but not
+greatlie hurting him, the beast ran awaie. The king, to mark which way
+the hart tooke, and the maner of his hurt, held vp his hand: betweene
+the sunne and his eies; who standing in that sort, out came another
+hart, at whom as sir Walter Tirell let driue an arrow, the same by
+glansing stroke the king into the brest, so that he neuer spake word,
+but breaking off so much of the arrow as appeared out of his bodie, he
+fell downe, and giuing onelie one grone, immediatlie died, without more
+noise or moouing. [Sidenote: The king slaine.] Sir Walter running to
+him, and perceiuing no speech nor sense to remaine in him, straitwaies
+got to his horsse, and riding awaie, escaped and saued himselfe: for few
+there were that pursued him, euerie man being amazed at the chance,
+some departing one waie, and some another, euerie one for his owne
+aduantage and commoditie, as the time then serued. The dead bodie of the
+king was straight conueied to Winchester, and there buried the morrow
+after, which was the second day of August, the yere of our Lord 1100.
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._] To this end came king William, after he had
+reigned almost 13 yeares, and liued 43 and somewhat more.
+
+This prince, although euill reported of by writers for the couetous
+tasking of his subiects, and reteining of ecclesiasticall liuings in his
+hands; yet was he endued with manie noble and princelie qualities. He
+had good knowledge in feats of warre, and could well awaie with bodilie
+labour. In all his affaires he was circumspect; of his promise, trustie;
+of his word, stedfast; and in his wars no lesse diligent than fortunate.
+He gaue to the moonkes called Monachi de charitate in Southwarke, the
+great new church of S. Sauiour of Bermondsay, and also Bermondseie
+itselfe. He founded a goodlie hospitall in the citie of Yorke, called S.
+Leonards, for the sustentation and finding of the poore as well brethren
+as sisters. Towards souldiers and men of warre he was verie liberall,
+and to enrich them, he passed not for taking from farmers and
+husbandmen, what soeuer could be gotten. He was indeed of a prodigall
+nature, and therefore when in the begining of his reigne, doubting some
+troubles, he had assembled manie men of warre for his defense, there was
+nothing that they could aske which he would denie them, in somuch that
+his fathers treasures were soone consumed, by reason whereof he was put
+to his shifts to prouide more. For though substance wanted to shew his
+liberalitie, yet there failed not in him a mind still to be bountifull,
+sith continuall vse of giuing rewards, was in manner turned in him to a
+nature, so that to furnish himselfe with monie and necessaries, he was
+put to extremities vnbeseeming a king; and to bestow his beneuolence
+vpon some, he spared not to impouerish others. [Sidenote: The liberall
+hart of king William.] For in such sort he was liberall, that therewith
+he was prodigall; and in such wise stout of courage, as proud withall;
+and in such maner seuere, as he seemed cruell and inexorable. But what
+meanes he vsed to make his best of benefices and spirituall liuings,
+partlie appeareth before.
+
+[Sidenote: Jewes.] In deed such was his condition, that who soeuer would
+giue, might haue, & that oftentimes without respect, whether their sute
+was reasonable and allowable or not, in somuch that it is said of him,
+that being in Roan on a time, there came to him diuerse Jewes who
+inhabited that citie, complaining to him, that diuerse of their nation
+had renounced their Jewish religion, and were become christians:
+wherefore they besought him, that for a certeine summe of monie which
+they offered to giue, it might please him to constreine them to abiure
+christianitie, and turne to the Jewish law againe. He was contented to
+satisfie their desires, and so receiuing the monie, called them before
+him, & what with threats, and putting them otherwise in feare, he
+compelled diuerse of them to forsake Christ, and returne to their old
+errors.
+
+There was about the same time a yoong man a Jew, who by a vision
+appearing vnto him (as is said) was conuerted to the christian faith,
+and being baptised, was named Stephan, bicause S. Stephan was the man
+that had appeared to him in the vision, as by the same he was informed.
+The father of the yoong man being sore troubled, for that his sonne was
+become a christian, and hearing what the king had doone in such like
+matters, presented to him 60 markes of siluer, condittionally that he
+should inforce his sonne to returne to his Jewish religion. Herevpon was
+the yoong man brought before the king, vnto whom he said; "Sirra, thy
+father here complaineth that without his licence thou art become a
+christian: if this be true, I command thee to returne againe to the
+religion of thy nation, without anie more adoo". To whom the yoongman
+answered, "Your grace (as I gesse) dooth but iest." Wherewith the king
+being mooued said, "What thou dunghill knaue, should I iest with thee?
+Get thee hence quicklie, and fulfill my commandement, or by S. Lukes
+face I shall cause thine eies to be plucked out of thine head."
+[Sidenote: An answer of a good Jew.] The yoongman nothing abashed
+hereat, with a constant voice answered "Trulie I will not doo it, but
+know for certeine, that if you were a good christian, you would neuer
+haue vttered anie such words, for it is the part of a christian to
+reduce them againe to Christ which be departed from him; & not to
+separate them from him, which are ioined to him by faith." The king
+herewith confounded, commanded the Jew to auant & get him out of his
+sight. But his father perceiuing that the king could not persuade his
+sonne to forsake the christian faith, required to haue his monie againe.
+To whom the king said, he had doone so much as he promised to doo, that
+was, to persuade him so far as he might. [Sidenote: A prettie diuision.]
+At length, when he would haue had the king to haue dealt further in the
+matter, the king (to stop his mouth) tendered backe to him the one halfe
+of his monie, & reteined the other to himselfe.
+
+[Sidenote: King William suspected of infidelitie.] Moreouer, to increase
+the suspicion which men had of his infidelitie, it is written, that he
+caused a disputation to be kept betwixt the Jewes & the christians,
+promising that if the Jewes ouercame the christians in argument, he
+would be a Jew: but the Jewes being ouercome, and receiuing the foile,
+would not confess their errors, but alledged, that by factions (and not
+by reason) they were put to the worse. Howbeit, what opinion soeuer he
+had of the Jewes faith, it appeereth by writers that he doubted in manie
+points of the religion then in credit. [Sidenote: _Eadmerus._] For he
+sticked not to protest openlie, that he beleeued no saint could profit
+anie man in the Lords sight, and therefore neither would he nor anie
+other that was wise (as he affirmed) make intercession, either to Peter,
+or to anie other for helpe. [Sidenote: Praieng to saincts.]
+
+[Sidenote: His stature. Whereof he tooke his surname Rufus.] He was of
+stature not so tall as the common sort of men, red of haire, whereof he
+tooke his surname Rufus, somwhat big of bellie, and not readie of toong,
+speciallie in his anger, for then his vtterance was so hindered, that he
+could scarselie shew the conceits of his mind: he died without issue,
+and vsed concubines all the daies of his life. I find that in apparell
+he loued to be gaie and gorgeous, & could not abide to haue anie thing
+(for his wearing) esteemed at a small valure. [Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._]
+Wherevpon it came to passe on a morning, when he should pull on a new
+paire of hose, he asked the groome of his chamber that brought them to
+him what they cost? Three shillings saith he; "Why thou hooreson (said
+the king) dooth a paire of hose of three shillings price become a king
+to weare? Go thy waies, and fetch me a paire that shall cost a marke of
+siluer." The groome went, and brought him another paire, for the which
+he paid scarselie so much as for the first. But when the king asked what
+they stood him in, he told him they cost a marke: and then was he well
+satisfied, and said; "Yea marie, these are more fit for a king to weare,
+and so drew them vpon his legs."
+
+In this kings daies John bishop of Welles ioined the monasterie of Bath
+vnto his see, and repairing the same monasterie, began to inhabit there
+in the yeere 1094. [Sidenote: Couentrie church ioined to the see of
+Chester.] The Church of Couentrie was in like sort ioined vnto the see
+of Chester by Robert bishop of that diocesse. Woolstan bishop of
+Worcester died about the same time, and Anselme hauing purchased bulles
+of pope Paschall, wherein was conteined an admonition vnto king William
+to desist from his greeuous oppressing of the church, and to amend his
+former dooings, was now on his returne towards England, and by the waie
+heard of the kings death. Hugh earle of Chester in this kings daies
+builded the abbeie of Chester, and procured Anselme (afterwards
+archbishop of Canturburie) to come ouer from Normandie, that he might
+erect the same abbeie, and place such religious persons as were
+necessarie and conuenient for so good a foundation.
+
+Long it was yer Anselme would come ouer, bicause he doubted to be had in
+suspicion of an ambitious desire in seeking to be made archbishop of
+Canturburie. For it was talked that if he went ouer into England, he
+should surelie be elected before he returned into Normandie. But at
+length so it chanced, that the aforesaid Hugh earle of Chester fell
+sicke, and despairing of life, sent with all speed to Anselme, requiring
+him most instantlie to come ouer to him lieng in extremitie of sickness;
+adding, that if he hasted not the sooner, it would be too late, whereof
+he would after repent him. Then Anselme, for that he might not faile his
+freend in such necessitie, came ouer, and gaue order to the abbeie,
+according as it seemed best to him for the establishment of religion
+there.
+
+
+     thus farre William Rufus.
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's notes
+
+There are no footnotes in the original. The original spelling and
+punctuation have been retained, with the exception of obvious errors
+which have been corrected by reference to the 1587 edition of which
+the original is a transcription.
+
+[1] Original reads 'perceuie'; changed to 'perceiue'.
+
+[2] Original reads 'mostaduantage'; changed to 'most aduantage'.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and
+Ireland (2 of 6): England (2 of 12), by Raphael Holinshed
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