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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 04:49:36 -0700 |
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/* tiny type.. */ + text-align: right; + position: absolute; + right: 5px; + padding: 0 0 0 0 ; /* ..very compact */ + margin: 0 0 0 0; + font-weight: 400; /* normal weight */ + font-style: normal; + text-decoration: none; + color: #444; /* ..dark gray.. */ + background-color: #EEE; /* ..on light gray.. #EEE */ + margin-left: 0; text-indent: 0; + } +/* poems have different margins and text indenting */ +.poem span.pagenum {/* right-margin page numbers */ + display: inline; /* set to "none" to make #s disappear */ + font-size: 70%; /* tiny type.. */ + text-align: right; + position: absolute; + right: 5px; + padding: 0 0 0 0 ; /* ..very compact */ + margin: 0 0 0 0; + font-weight: 400; /* normal weight */ + font-style: normal; + text-decoration: none; + color: #444; /* ..dark gray.. */ + background-color: #EEE; /* ..on light gray.. #EEE */ + margin-left: 0; text-indent: 0; + } +/***************************************************************** + end +******************************************************************/ + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland +(2 of 6): England (2 of 12), by Raphael Holinshed + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland (2 of 6): England (2 of 12) + William Rufus + +Author: Raphael Holinshed + +Release Date: September 25, 2005 [EBook #16748] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Louise Pryor and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + + + + +<p><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26" ></a><span class="pagenum">[26]</span></p> +<h2>WILLIAM RUFUS, <span style="font-size:smaller;">OR</span> WILLIAM THE RED.</h2> + +<p style="margin-top:3em;"> +<span class="yearnote">1087. <br /> +An. Reg. 1.</span> +William, surnamed Rufus or William the Red, second sonne to William +Conqueror, began his reigne ouer England the ninth of September, in the +yeare 1087. about the 31. yeare of the emperour Henrie the fourth, and +the 37. of Philip the first, king of France, Urbane the second then +gouerning the sée of Rome, and Malcolme Cammoir reigning in Scotland. +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> <i>Sim. Dunel.</i> <i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +Immediatlie after his fathers deceasse, and before the solemnitie of the +funerals were executed, he came ouer into England with no lesse spéed +than was possible, and following the counsell of Lanfranke archbishop of +Canturburie (in whome he reposed all his trust) he sought to win the +fauour of the Péers and Nobilitie <a name="Page_27" +id="Page_27" ></a><span class="pagenum">[27]</span> + of the realme by great and liberall +gifts. For although there were but few of the homeborne states that bare +rule in the land at this season; yet those that remained, and whome his +father in extreme sort had wronged, he verie gentlie enterteined, +promising them not onlie to continue their good lord and souereigne, but +also to make more fauourable ordinances than his father had left behind +him; and furthermore to restore the former lawes and liberties of the +realme, which his said father had abolished. Thus by faire words and +politic he obtained his purpose. Howbeit soone after he forgat himselfe, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Sim. Dunel.</i> Marchar and Wilnot.</span> +and imprisoned Marchar and Wilnot, whom he had brought ouer with him +from Normandie, being set at libertie by his father.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Lanfranke had fauoured him euen of a +child.<br /><i>Matth. Paris.</i><br /> +William Rufus is crowned the 26. of September.<br /> +<i>Polydor.</i><br /> +His bountifull munificence.</span> +The nobles at the first wished rather to haue had the elder brother duke +Robert to haue gouerned them: howbeit by the aide onelie of the said +Lanfranke, whose authoritie was of no small force amongst all the lords +of the land, this William (according to his fathers assignation) was +proclaimed and crowned at Westminster on the 26. of September (being +Sundaie, the 6. kalends of October) and the 11. indiction, as the best +writers doo report. After his coronation, to gratifie the people, he +went to Winchester, where he found great treasure which his father had +laid vp there for his owne vse: this he fréelie spent in large gifts, +and all kind of princelie largesse. He set verie manie prisoners at +libertie, and did many other things to benefit the people, wherein the +diligence and good aduice of Lanfranke did not a little preuaile. For he +perceiued that there was in the king a variable mind, an vnstable +nature, and a disposition to lightnesse and follie. Wherefore hée tooke +oftentimes the more paines in persuading him not onelie to liberalitie +(which is none of the least vertues in a prince) but also to vse a +discreet and orderlie behauiour in all his dooings. Moreouer, he sticked +not to put him in feare of an euill end, and troublesome regiment +likelie to insue, if he did giue himselfe to vice and wilfulnesse, & +neglect the charge thus by the prouidence of GOD committed to his hands. +After this maner did the said prelat trauell with the king, whom we will +leaue at this time as it were hearkening to his admonitions, and set +foorth by the waie what his brother Robert did, whilest William Rufus +his brother was occupied in such wise as you haue heard.</p> + +<p>It happened that this Robert was abroad in Germanie, when king William +his father died (whither he went to raise a power, to the intent he +might therby obteine the possession of Normandie, which he trusted to +enioy in his fathers life time) where hearing newes of his death, he +hasted straightwaies into Normandie, and there being ioyfullie receiued, +was peaceablie proclaimed duke of that countrie, with great gladnesse +and shouting of the people.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1088.</span> +After this, considering with himselfe how dishonorable a thing it was +for him, that his yoonger brother should possesse the crowne of England, +which of right (as he said) belonged vnto him, by reason of his age; he +determined with all expedition to passe the seas with an armie, and +recouer that into his hands, which his father had giuen from him, +partlie (as it is thought) for his wilfulnesse and disobedience towards +him, and partly also bicause he doubted that if he should leaue it vnto +him, he would through his too much gentlenesse and facilitie, giue +occasion to the English to resume strength, and therby to reuolt. +Wherefore he iudged his yoonger brother the saied William (a man of a +rougher nature) the meeter of the twaine for the gouernement.</p> + +<p>As duke Robert was thus mooued by his owne desire to bereue his brother +of the dominion of England, so he was not a little incensed thervnto by +such of the English Nobilitie and Normans, as came dailie ouer vnto him +out of the realme, complaining of the present state of the world, as +those misliked of the whole maner of regiment vsed in the beginning of +the reigne of his brother William. His vncle Odo also (then bishop of +Baieux) furthered the matter all that he might. This Odo was at first in +great estimation with his brother the Conqueror, and bare great rule +vnder him, till at length for enuie that the archbishop Lanfranke was +preferred before him, he conspired <a name="Page_28" id="Page_28" ></a><span class="pagenum">[28]</span> + against him, who vnderstanding +thereof, committed him foorthwith to prison, where he remained, till the +said prince then lieng on his death-bed, released and restored him to +his former libertie. When the king was dead, William Rufus tooke him +backe into England, supposing no lesse but to haue had a speciall fréend +and a trustie counceller of him in all his affaires. But yer long after +his comming thither, he fell againe into the same offense of +ingratitude, wherof he became culpable in the Conquerors daies: for +perceiuing that Lanfranke was so highlie esteemed with the king, that he +could beare no rule, and partlie suspecting that Lanfranke had been +<span class="rightnote">Odo the bishop of Baieux conspireth against his nephue +William Rufus.</span> +cheefe causer of his former imprisonment, he conspired with the rest +against his nephue, and therevpon wrote sundrie letters ouer vnto duke +Robert, counselling him to come ouer with an armie in all hast, to take +the rule vpon him, which by his practise should easilie be compassed.</p> + +<p>Duke Robert being thus animated on all sides, and yet wanting sufficient +monie to the furniture of this iournie, engaged a portion of his duchie +of Normandie, as the countie of Constantine to his yoongest brother +Henrie, for a great sum of gold, and therwith returned answer to the +foresaid bishop, that he should prouide and looke for him vpon the south +coast of England, at a certeine time appointed. Herevpon Odo fortified +<span class="rightnote">The castell of Rochester.</span> +the castell of Rochester, & began to make sore wars against the kings +friends in Kent: he procured others of the complices also to do the like +in other parts of the realme; and first on the west part of England, +where Geffrey bishop of Constans with his nephue Robert de Mowbray earle +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i> <i>Wil. Malm.</i> The bishop of Constance taketh the +town of Bath.</span> +of Northumberland setting foorth from Bristow, came toward Bath, which +towne they tooke and sacked, and likewise Berkley, with a great part of +Wiltshire, and brought the spoile and booties backe to Bristow, where +they had a castell stronglie fortified for their more safetie. In like +maner Roger de Bygod, departing from Norwich, with great forraies +ouerrode and robbed all the countries about, and conueied such riches as +<span class="rightnote">Hugh Grandmesnill. <i>Hen. Hunt.</i> <i>Wil. Mal.</i></span> +he had gotten into the said citie. In like sort did Hugh de Grandmesnill +at Leiceister, spoiling and wasting all the countries about him.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The earle of Shrewsburie.</span> +The earle of Shrewsburie called Roger de Mountgomerie, with a power of +Welshmen set foorth from Shrewsburie, and with him were William bishop +of Durham the kings houshold chapline, Barnard of Newmerch, Roger Lacie, +and Rafe Mortimer, (all Normans or Frenchmen) who ioyning their powers +togither, inuaded the countrie, and with fire and sword did much hurt +where they came, killing and taking a great number of people. Afterwards +<span class="rightnote">Worcester assaulted.</span> +comming to Worcester, they assaulted the citie, ouerran the suburbs, & +set the same on fire. But the citizens shutting fast the gates of their +citie (though with the sudden comming of the enimies they were somewhat +afraid) made valiant resistance; and conueieng their goods, their wiues, +and their children into the castell, got them to the walles and places +of defense, to repell and beat backe the enimies. Among them in the +<span class="rightnote">Bishop Woolstan.</span> +towne was bishop Woolstan, whom the citizens would haue compelled to go +into the castell for his surer safegard, but he refused it.</p> + +<p>At length it chanced that the enimies (continuing the said siege) began +to wax negligent, and ranged abroad in the countrie, little regarding +watch and ward about their campe, wherevpon the English within the citie +tooke this oportunitie, being mooued thereto with the comfortable +exhortation of bishop Woolstan, and sailing foorth of the towne did set +on their enimies with great fiercenes, whome they got at such aduantage, +<span class="rightnote">They slue fiue hundred, and chased the residue as saith +<i>Simon Dunel.</i></span> +that they slue and tooke that daie aboue fiue M. men (as Henrie of +Huntingdon recordeth.) For the English bearing a continuall malice in +their hearts against the French and Normans, did now their best to be +fullie reuenged of them, vpon so conuenient an occasion offered. Those +that escaped by flight, hid themselues in the next townes, making such +shifts for their liues as the present necessitie could minister.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The diligence of the archbishop Lanfranke.</span> +Whilest the realme was thus troubled on ech side, archbishop Lanfranke +sendeth, writeth, and admonisheth all the kings fréends to make +themselues readie to defend <a name="Page_29" id="Page_29" ></a> +<span class="pagenum">[29]</span> +their prince. And after he vnderstood that +they were assembled togither for that purpose, he counselleth the king +to march into the field with them spéedilie, to represse his enimies. The +<span class="rightnote">The great curtesie shewed to the Englishmen by Wil. Rufus. +<i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +king following his counsell, first appointed his nauie to scowre and +keepe the seas, and to withstand (if it were possible) the arriuall of +his brother by faire words. Also he reconcileth Roger de Mountgomerie +earle of Shrewsburie vnto him, and therewith maketh large promises to +the English, that he would out of hand giue and restore vnto them such +fauourable lawes as they would wish or desire. Moreouer he commanded all +vniust imposts, tolles and tallages to be laid downe, and granted frée +hunting in the woods, chases and forrests. All which grants and promises +he kept not long, though for the time he greatlie contented the people +with such a shew of good meaning towards them. This doone, he goeth with +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +a mightie armie into Kent, where the sedition began, and first comming +to the castell of Tunbridge, he compelled capteine Gilbert to yeeld vp +the fortresse into his hands. Then went he to Horne castell, where he +heard saie Odo was (but the report was vntrue, for he had betaken +himselfe to the castell of Pemsey) which when he had ouerthrowne, he +hasted forth vnto Pemsey, and besieged the castell there a long season, +which the bishop had stronglie fortified.</p> + +<p>During this time, and about the fiftieth daie after the beginning of the +siege, word was brought to the king, that his brother duke Robert was +landed at Southampton, and minded with all possible spéed to come to the +succour of the bishop, and of other his fréends, whom he and his power +had not a little afflicted. ¶ Here authors varie: for some report that +<span class="rightnote"><i>H. Hunt.</i> <i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +duke Robert came not ouer himselfe the first at all, but sent a part of +his armie, with a certeine number of ships, which encountring with the +kings fleet, were discomfited. Others write that duke Robert hearing of +the losse of his men, came after himselfe, and landed with a mightie +<span class="rightnote"><i>Gemeticensis.</i> Eustace earle of Bullongne.</span> +armie as before, which is most likelie. And certeinlie (as Gemeticen. +affirmeth) he might easilie as then haue recouered England from his +brother, if he had not lingred the time, considering that Eustace earle +of Bullongne, Odo bishop of Baieux, and the earle of Mortaigne, with +other lords of Normandie that were passed to England, had alreadie taken +Rochester, and diuers other castels in the prouince of Canturburie, +keeping the same a certeine time, still looking that he should haue come +ouer to their aid, which he deferred to doo, till they were constreined +by siege and lacke of necessarie succor to returne into Normandie, +leauing those places which they had won vnto the king, and that to their +great dishonor. But howsoeuer it was, the king still continued the siege +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +before Pemsey castell, till Odo (through want of victuals) was glad to +submit himselfe, and promised to cause the castell of Rochester to be +deliuered: but at his comming thither, they within the citie suffered +him to enter, and streightwaies laid him fast in prison. Some iudge that +it was doone vnder a colour by his owne consent.</p> + +<p>There were in Rochester a sort of valiant gentlemen (the flower in maner +of all Normandie) with Eustace earle of Bolongne, and manie gentlemen of +Flanders, which were in mind to defend the place against the king: who +<span class="rightnote">Rochester besieged by the king. <i>Polydor.</i></span> +hearing what was doone, came with his armie and besieged the citie of +Rochester on ech side so sharpelie, that they within were glad to +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 2. <br /> +1089.</span> +deliuer it vp into his hands. Thus lost bishop Odo all his liuings and +dignities in England, and so returned into Normandie, where vnder duke +Robert he had the chéefe gouernement of the countrie committed vnto him.</p> + +<p>After this he ouercame diuers of his enimies some by faire and some by +fowle meanes. Notwithstanding this, there yet remained the bishop of +Durham, one of the chéefe conspirators, who withdrew himselfe into the +citie of Durham, there to lie in safetie, till he saw how the world +would go: but being therein besieged by the king, who came thither +personallie, he was at length forced to surrender the city, and yeeld +<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Durham exiled.</span> +himselfe: wherevpon also he was exiled the land, with diuerse of his +complices. But within two yeares after, he was called home againe, and +restored to his church, wherein he liued <a name="Page_30" id="Page_30" ></a> +<span class="pagenum">[30]</span> +not long, but died for sorrow, +bicause he could not cleere himselfe of offense in the said rebellion, +albeit that he laboured most earnestlie so to doo, that he might thereby +haue atteined to the kings fauor againe.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Lanfranke archbishop of Canturburie departeth this life.</span> +Whilest these things were thus in hand, the archbishop Lanfranke falleth +sicke and dieth, in the 19. yeare after his first entring into the +gouernment of the sea of Canturburie. This Lanfranke (as should seeme) +was a wise, politike, and learned prelate, who whilest he liued, +mollified the furious and cruell nature of king William Rufus, +instructing him to forbeare such wild and outragious behauiours as his +youthfulnesse was inclined vnto: and moreouer persuaded the English to +obey the same king as their loiall prince, whereby they should occasion +him to be their good lord and king, not vsing them rigorouslie as his +father had doon. So that Lanfranke could not well haue beene spared in +the time of the rebellion, without great danger of subuerting the state +of the commonwealth. He builded two hospitals without the citie of +Canturburie, for the releefe of poore people and strangers, the one of +S. John, the other at Harbaldowne. He aduanced the church of Rochester +from foure secular clerkes, to the number of fiftie moonkes: he repaired +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Westm.</i> Paule abbat of S. Albons</span> +Christes church in Canturburie, and the abbey of S. Albons, whereof he +made one Paule that was his nephue abbat, which Paule gouerned that +house by his vncles assistance greatlie to the aduancement thereof, as +well in temporall as spirituall preferments, as it was then iudged. +Likewise the said Lanfranke was verie fortunate in the gouernement of +his church and sée of Canturburie, recouering sundrie portions of lands +and rents alienated from the same before his daies, insomuch that he +<span class="rightnote"><i>Eadmerus.</i></span> +restored to that sée 25 manors. For amongst other, whereas Odo the +bishop of Baieux, who also was earle of Kent, bearing great rule in +England vnder his nephue king William the Conquerour, had vsurped +diuerse possessions which belonged to the sée of Canturburie, and had +seized the franchises apperteining to the same Lanfranke, into his owne +hands, by sute and earnest trauell he recouered the same, and being +impleaded about that matter by the said Odo, he so defended his cause, +that in the end (though with much adoo) he had his will, and so remained +in quiet possession of his right after that so long as he liued, without +any trouble or vexation concerning the said possessions and liberties.</p> + +<p>Whereas also not onelie Walkhem the bishop of Winchester, but diuerse +other bishops in England were in mind to haue displaced moonks out of +their cathedrall churches, and to haue brought canons into their roomes, +<span class="rightnote">Lanfranke praised for holding with the moonks.</span> +Lanfranke withstood them, and would tollerate no such dislocation: an +act at that time so well liked, that he was highlie commended for the +same. After Lanfrankes death, the king began greatlie to forget himselfe +in all his dealings, insomuch that he kept many concubines, and waxed +<span class="rightnote">The king giuen to sensuall lust and couetousnesse.</span> +verie cruell and inconstant in all his dooings, so that he became an +heauie burthen vnto his people. For he was so much addicted to gather +goods, that he considered not what perteined to the maiestie of a king, +insomuch that nothing tending to his gaine, and the satisfieng of his +appetite, was estéemed of him vnlawfull, sith he measured all things by +the vncontrolled rule of his roialtie, and considered nothing what so +high an office required. He kept the sée of Canturburie foure yeares in +his hands, to see who would giue most for it, in the meane time taking +the profits thereof, and making the vttermost of the same that by any +meanes could be deuised.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +The like he vsed when other benefices and abbeies were vacant, and +furthermore that little which the prince spared, his officers and +farmers, no lesse couetous than he, conuerted to their aduantage: so +that what by the king, and what by his procurators, the church of +England was now sore charged and fléeced of hir wealth. Diuerse of hir +prelates in like maner were not a little offended, to sée their mother +so spoiled of hir treasure and liuelihood, insomuch that they practised +a redresse: and to begin withall, complained of the king to pope Vrban: +but he was so busied with other troubles of his owne néerer home, that +he could haue no time to séeke meanes how to redresse enormities <a name="Page_31" id="Page_31" ></a> +<span class="pagenum">[31]</span> + a far +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i> <i>Matt. Paris.</i></span> +off, whereby the lands and goods belonging to the church here in England +were still wastfullie spent and consumed by the king and others, to +whome he gaue or let them foorth to farme at his owne pleasure, and to +his most commoditie.</p> + +<p>But albeit the prince was of such a disposition by nature, yet there is +one thing written of him which ought not to be forgotten, to admonish vs +that there is no man of so euill an affection, but that sometime he +dealeth vprightlie, though it be by hap or other extraordinarie motion. +It chanced that an abbeie was void of an abbat, wherein were two moonkes +verie couetous persons aboue the rest, and such as by scraping and +gathering togither, were become verie rich, for such (saith Polydor) in +those daies mounted to preferment. These two appointed to go togither to +the court, ech hoping at their comming thither to find some meanes that +he might be made abbat of that house. Being thus agréed, to the court +they come, and there offer verie largelie to the king to obteine their +sute: who perceiuing their gréedie desires, and casting his eies about +the chamber, espied by chance an other moonke (that came to beare them +companie, being a more sober man, and simple after his outward +appearance) whom he called vnto him, and asked what he would giue him to +be made abbat of the foresaid abbeie. The moonke after a little pause, +made answere, that he would giue nothing at all for anie such purpose, +since he entred into that profession of méere zeale to despise riches & +all worldlie pompe, to the end he might the more quietlie serue God in +holinesse & puritie of conuersation. Saiest thou so, quoth the king, +then art thou euen he that art worthie to gouerne this house: and +streightwaie he bestowed the house vpon him, iustlie refusing the other +two, to their open infamie and reproch.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matt. Paris.</i></span> +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 3. <br /> +1090.</span> +But to returne to our historie. After the expulsion of the bishop of +Durham, and other of his adherents, the king passed ouer into Normandie, +purposing to depriue his brother of that dukedome, and being arriued +there, he besieged and tooke S. Ualerie, Albemarle, and diuerse other +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i> Warres betwixt the king and his brother Robert.</span> +townes and castels, wherein he placed a number of his best souldiers, +the better to mainteine warre against his foresaid brother. Herevpon +also the said Robert sent vnto the French king for aid, who came downe +at his request with a noble armie, and besieged one of those castels +which king William had latelie woone; howbeit by such meanes as king +William made, in sending to the French king an huge summe of monie, he +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 4 <br /> +1091.</span> +raised his siege shortlie & returned home againe. At length a peace was +<span class="rightnote"><i>Gemeticensis.</i> A peace concluded. <i>Simon Dun.</i> +<i>Matth. West.</i> <i>Matt. Paris.</i></span> +concluded betwixt king William and the duke his brother, but yet verie +dishonorable to the said Robert: for it was accorded, that king William +should reteine & still inioy the countie of Ewe, with Fescampe, the +abbasie of mount S. Michell, Chereburg, and all those other places which +he had woone & gotten out of his hands in this his late voiage. On the +other side it was agréed, that king William should aid the duke to +recouer all other places beyond the seas, which belonged to their +father. Also, that such Normans as had lost anie of their lands & +liuings in England, for taking part with the duke in the late rebellion, +should be restored to the same. And furthermore, that whether soeuer of +both should die first, the suruiuer should be his heire, and succeed in +his dominions.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Gemeticensis.</i></span> +This peace was concluded at Caen, and that by procurement of the French +king, at what time king William was verie strong in the field neare vnto +Ewe. After which conclusion, they vnited their powers, and besieged +their yoongest brother Henrie in the castell of mount S. Michell, which +(being situat in the confines of Normandie and Britaine) he had +stronglie fortified not long before for feare of afterclaps. But when +they had lien about it by the space of all the Lent season, and had made +manie bickerings with his men, more to their losse than lucre, they +<span class="rightnote"><i>Sim. Dunel.</i></span> +raised their siege, and voluntarilie departed. Not long after this, king +William depriued Edgar Etheling of his honor, which duke Robert had +assigned vnto him, banishing him out of Normandie for euer.</p> + +<p>Shortlie after also the aforesaid Henrie wan a strong towne called +Damfront, and <a name="Page_32" id="Page_32" ></a> +<span class="pagenum">[32]</span> +furnishing it at all points, he kept the same in his +possession as long as he liued, mauger both his brethren. Thus the war +waxed hot betwéene those three, howbeit suddenlie (I wot not vpon what +occasion) this Henrie was reconciled with king William and his brother +Robert, so that all debates being quieted on euerie side, they were made +friends and welwillers. King William also returned into England, hauing +his brother Robert in his companie, all men reioising at their +pacification and amitie, which happened in the yeare 1091, and fourth of +the reigne of the king.</p> + +<p>Toward the end whereof, and vpon the fift daie of October, a maruellous +sore tempest fell in sundrie parts of England, but especiallie in the +towne of Winchcombe, where (by force of thunder and lightning) a part of +the steeple of the church was throwne downe, and the crucifix with the +image of Marie standing vnder the rood-loft, was likewise ouerthrowne, +broken, and shattered in péeces; then folowed a foule, a noisome, and a +most horrible stinke in the church. On the 17. daie of the same moneth +<span class="rightnote">A mightie wind.</span> +much harme was doone in London with an outragious wind, the violence +whereof ouerturned and rent in péeces aboue fiue hundred houses, at +which time and tempest the roofe of S. Marie bowe church in cheape was +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 5. <br /> +1092.</span> +also ouerthrowne, wherewith two men were slaine. Moreouer, at Salisburie +much hurt was doone with the like wind and thunder, for the top of the +stéeple and manie buildings besides were sore shaken and cast downe. But +now we will speake somewhat of the doings of Scotland, as occasion +moueth. Whilest (as yée haue heard) variance depended betweene king +William and his brother duke Robert, the Scotish king Malcolme made sore +<span class="rightnote">The scots inuade England.</span> +wars vpon the inhabitants of Northumberland, carrieng great booties and +preies out of that countrie, which he inuaded euen to Chester in the +street. Wherefore king William, soone after his returne, gathered his +power togither, and sped him northwards. But king Malcolme hearing of +his puissance & great strength sent to him for peace, which was granted +in the end.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i> <i>Sim. Dun.</i></span> +Some writers affirme, that king William prepared a great armie both by +sea and land against Malcolme; and that his nauie being abroad on the +seas, was lost by tempest, and the most part of his ships drowned; that +the armie by land entring into Scotland, suffered manie damages through +want of vittels, and so recoiled: finallie, that duke Robert lieng on +the borders with an armie in his brothers name (wherby it should appeare +that the king himselfe was not there) by the helpe and furtherance of +Edgar Etheling, who then serued K. Malcolme in his wars, concluded a +peace betwixt his brother and the said Malcolme, vpon certeine articles, +by vertue wherof certeine places in Northumberland were restored vnto +Malcolme, which he had held in William Conquerours daies. Some other +write in like maner, that king Malcolme did homage to king William and +duke Robert that brought the said Edgar Etheling into the fauour of the +king.</p> + +<p>Howsoeuer the truth of the storie dooth stand in this behalfe, certeine +it is, that the king returned out of Northumberland into the west parts +of the realme, reteining still with him duke Robert, who looked dailie +when he should performe such couenants as were concluded vpon betwixt +them in their late reconciliation. But when he saw that the king meant +nothing lesse than to stand to those articles, and how he did onlie +protract and delaie the time for some other secret purpose, he returned +into Normandie in great displeasure, and tooke with him the said Edgar +Etheling, of whom he alwaies made verie great account. Soone after king +William returned into the north parts, and (as it chanced) he staied a +few daies about Carleil, where being delited with the situation of the +towne (which had beene destroied by the Danes two hundred yeares before) +<span class="rightnote">The repairing and new peopling of Carleil.</span> +he set workemen to repaire the same (meaning to vse it in steed of a +bulworke against the Scots on those west borders) which when he had +fensed with walles, and builded a castell in the most conuenient place +thereof, he caused churches and houses to be erected for the benefit of +such people as he had determined to bring vnto the same. This being +doone, he placed a colonie of southren men there with their wiues and +children and gaue large priuileges vnto the towne, which they inioy at +this daie.</p> + +<p><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33" ></a> +<span class="pagenum">[33]</span> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. West.</i></span> +¶ Here haue I thought good to aduertise you of an error in Matth. West. +crept in either through misplacing the matter by means of some +exemplifier, either else by the authors mistaking his account of yeares, +as 1072. for 1092. referring the repairing of Carleil vnto William +Conquerour, at what time he made a iournie against the Scots in the said +yeare 1072. And yet not thus contented; to bewraie the error more +manifestlie, he affirmeth that the king exchanged the earledome of +Chester with Rafe or Ranulfe de Micenis, aliàs Meschines, for the +earledome of Carleil, which the said Meschines held before, and had +begunne there to build and fortifie that towne: whereas it is certeine +that Ranulfe de Meschines came to enioy the earledome of Chester by way +of inheritance, as after shall appeare. For better proofe whereof ye +shall vnderstand, that we find by ancient records, how one Hugh Lou or +Lupus enioied the earledome of Chester all the daies of the Conqueror, +and long after, which Hugh was sonne to Richard earle of Auranges and +the countesse Emma daughter of a noble man in Normandie named Herlowin, +who maried Arlet the daughter of a burgesse in Falois, and mother to +William Conquerour. So that the said Hugh, being sisters sonne to the +Conqueror, receiued by gift at his hands the earledome of Chester, to +hold of him as fréelie by right of the sword, as he held the realme of +England in title of his crowne. For these be the words: "Tenendum sibi & +hæredibus ita liberè ad gladium, sicut ipse (Rex) totam tenebat Angliam +ad coronam."</p> + +<p>Earle Hugh then established in possession of this earledome, with most +large priuileges and fréedoms, for the better gouernement thereof, +<span class="rightnote">Foure barons. Nigell or Neal. Piers Malbanke. * Eustace whose +surname we find not. Warren Vernon.</span> +ordeined vnder him foure barons; namelie, his cousine Nigell or Neal +baron of Halton, sir Piers Malbanke baron of Nauntwich, sir Eustace * +baron of Mawpasse, and sir Warren Uernon baron of Shipbrooke. Nigell +held his baronie of Halton by seruice, to lead the Uauntgard of the +earles armie when he should make anie iournie into Wales; so as he +should be the foremost in marching into the enimies countrie, and the +last in comming backe: he was also conestable and Marshall of Chester. +<span class="rightnote">The Lacies.</span> +From this Nigell or Neal, the Lacies that were earles of Lincolne had +their originall. When earle Hugh had gouerned the earledome of Chester +the terme of 40. yeares, he departed this life, in the yeare 1107. He +had issue by his wife Armetrida, Richard the second earle of Chester +after the conquest; Robert, abbat of Saint Edmundsburie: and Otnell, +tutor to the children of king Henrie the first. Moreouer, the said earle +<span class="rightnote"><i>Iohn Bohun.</i></span> +Hugh had a sister named Margaret, that was maried to John Bohun, who had +issue by hir, Ranulfe Bohun, otherwise called Meschines, which Ranulfe +by that meanes came to enioy the earledome of Chester in right of his +mother (after that earle Richard was drowned in the sea) and not by +exchange for the earledome of Carleil, as by this which we haue alreadie +recited may sufficientlie be prooued.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 6.</span> +Now to returne where we left. After that king William Rufus had giuen +order for the building, fortifieng, and peopling of Carleil, he returned +southwards, and came to Glocester, where he fell into a greeuous and +dangerous sicknesse; so that he was in despaire and doubt of his life: +<span class="yearnote">1093.</span> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i> <i>Hen. Hunt.</i> <i>Matth. Paris.</i><br /> +The king being +sicke promiseth amendment of life.<br /> + <i>Polydor.</i> <i>Eadmerus.</i></span> +wherefore he repented him of his former misdéeds, and promised (if he +escaped that dangerous sicknesse) to amend and become a new man. But +when he had his health, that promise was quickelie broken, for his +dooings which were so bad and wicked before his sicknesse, being +compared with those which followed after his recouerie, might haue béene +reputed good and sufferable.</p> + +<p>Moreouer, whereas he reteined and kept in his hands the bishoprike of +<span class="rightnote">Anselme elected archbishop of Canturburie.</span> +Canturburie the space of foure yeares, he now bestowed it vpon Anselme, +who was before abbat of Bechellouin in Normandie; and for certeine +abbeis which he had held long time in his possession, he ordeined +abbats: by meane wherof all men (but especiallie the spiritualtie) began +to conceiue a verie good opinion of him. The yere wherein Anselme was +thus elected, was from the birth of our Sauiour 1093. on the sixt of +March, being the first sundaie in Lent (as Eadmerus recordeth.) +<span class="rightnote"><i>Eadmerus.</i></span> +Furthermore he gaue the see of Lincolne <a name="Page_34" id="Page_34" ></a> +<span class="pagenum">[34]</span> + (being void by the death of +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i> <i>Polydor.</i> Robert Bluet L. Chancelor elected +bishop of Lincolne.</span> +Bishop Remigius) to his councellour Robert Bluet; but afterward +repenting himselfe of such liberalitie, in that he had not kept it +longer in his hands towards the inriching of his coffers, he deuised a +shift how to wipe the bishops nose of some of his gold, which he +performed after this maner. He caused the bishop to be sued, +quarelinglie charging him that he had wrongfullie vsurped certeine +possessions, togither with the citie of Lincolne, which appertained to +<span class="rightnote"><i>Hen. Hunt.</i></span> +the sée of Yorke. Which although it was but a forged cauillation, and a +shamefull vntruth; yet could not the bishop be deliuered out of that +trouble, till he had paid to the king fiue thousand pounds. And as he +dealt with the spiritualtie, so he caused diuerse of the Nobilitie to be +put to gréeuous fines, for transgressing of his lawes, though the fault +were neuer so little. He also caused the archbishop Anselme to paie him +a great summe of monie, vnder colour of a contribution which was due in +Lanfrankes daies, though it was certeinlie knowne that Lanfranke had +paied it. Thus grew king William from time to time more sharpe and +rigorous to his subiects, so that whosoeuer came within the danger of +the laws, was sure to be condemned; and such as would plaie the +promooters and giue informations against any man for transgressing the +lawes, were highlie rewarded.</p> + +<p>In this sixt yeare there chanced such an excessiue raine, and such high +flouds, the riuers ouerflowing the low grounds that lay néere vnto them, +as the like had not béene seene of many yeares before; and afterwards +insued a sudden frost, whereby the great streames were congeled in such +sort, that at their dissoluing or thawing, manie bridges both of wood +and stone were borne downe, and diuerse water-milles rent vp and caried +awaie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +Furthermore king William perceiuing that by his cruell and couetous +gouernment, sundrie of his subiects did dailie steale out of the realme, +<span class="rightnote">A proclamation that none should depart the realme.</span> +to liue in forreine countries, he published a proclamation, charging +that no man should depart the realme without his licence and +safe-conduct. Hereof it is thought, that the custome rose of forbidding +passage out of the realme, which oftentimes is vsed as a law, when +occasion serueth. Soone after, he went against the Welshmen, whom he +vanquished in battell néere to Brecknocke, and slue Rees their king, who +had doone much hurt within the English borders, when he was their +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ran. Higd.</i> Rées king of Wales slaine.</span> +incamped. This Rise or Rées was the last king that reigned ouer the +Welshmen, as authors affirme: for afterwards, though they oftentimes +rebelled, yet the kings of England were reputed and taken as supreme +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Thorne.</i></span> +gouernors of that part of the Iland. Moreouer, to haue the countrie the +better in quiet, he did cut downe their woods, and builded manie castels +and piles in places conuenient, by meanes whereof they were somewhat +tamed, and trained in due time to obedience, though not at the first, +nor in the daies of sundrie of his successors.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Malcolme king of Scots commeth to +Glocester. +<i>Wil. Malm.</i> +<i>Polydor.</i></span> +Hauing thus finished his iournie into Wales, Malcolme king of Scotland +came vnto Glocester to sée the king, and to common with him of sundrie +matters touching the peace betwixt both the realms, as he returned +homewards: but bicause king William disdained to enterteine him in such +pompous maner as he expected and made account of; and forsomuch as he +did not at the verie first admit him to his presence, the said Malcolme +returned into Scotland in great displeasure, and immediatelie raising a +<span class="rightnote">K. Malcolme inuadeth England.</span> +power, entred into England, destroieng the country vnto Alnewike +castell, where he was so enuironed with an ambushment laid by Robert +earle of Northumberland, that he and his eldest sonne Edward were +slaine. At which mishap his whole host being vtterlie discomfited, fled +out of the field with the losse of manie, whereof some were slaine, and +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +some taken by pursute. Thus came king Malcolme to his end (by the iust +prouidence of God) in that prouince which he had wasted and spoiled at +fiue seuerall times, as first in the daies of king Edward, when earle +Tostie was gone to Rome; the second time, in the daies of William +Conquerour, when he spoiled Cleueland; thirdlie, in the same Conquerours +daies, whilest bishop Walkher possessed the see of Durham, at what time +all the countrie was spoiled and forraied, euen to the riuer of Tine; +fourthlie, about the fourth or fift <a name="Page_35" id="Page_35" ></a> +<span class="pagenum">[35]</span> + yeare of the reigne of this William +Rufus, at which time he entered the land as farre as Chester in the +stréet, whilest king William was in Normandie; the fift time was now, +when he lost his life on saint Brices day, by the hands of a verie +valiant knight named Morkell. King Malcolme being thus surprised by +death, his bodie was buried at Tinmouth (as in the Scotish histories +more plainelie appeareth) where also ye may find, how the sonnes of king +Malcolme were aided by king William Rufus to obteine the crowne of +Scotland, wherevnto they were interessed; whereas otherwise by the force +and practise of their vncle Donald they had beene kept from the scepter +and crowne of the kingdome.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ran. Higd.</i></span> +This yeare England and Normandie were sore vexed with mortalitie both of +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 7. <br /> +1094</span> +men and beasts, insomuch that tillage of the ground was laid aside in +manie places, by reason whereof there folowed great dearth & famine. +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ran. Higd.</i> <i>Wil. Malm.</i> <i>Simon Dun.</i><br /> +Death & murren of +cattell. Strange woonders.<br /> +<i>Matth. Paris.</i> <i>Polydor.</i> <i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +Manie grizelie and hideous sights were seene also in England, as hosts +of men fighting in the aire, flashes of fier, stars falling from heauen, +and such like strange wonders. About this time new occasions of breach +of amitie grew betwixt the king and his brother Robert, who accused him +of periurie, for not obseruing the articles of the last peace concluded +betwixt them: wherefore he purposed to saile ouer into Normandie, and so +came vnto Hastings, about the first of Februarie, where he soiourned for +a time, and caused the church of Battell abbeie to be dedicated in the +honour of S. Martin. He depriued Herbert bishop of Thetford of his +bishops staffe, because he meant to haue stolen awaie secretlie to Rome, +and there to haue purchased absolution of pope Urban for his bishoprike, +which he had bought of the king for himselfe; and likewise for the +abbasie of Winchester, which he had purchased for his father, paieng for +them both a thousand pounds.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">King William passeth ouer into Normandie.</span> +After this, about midlent he passed ouer into Normandie with an armie, +purposing to trie the matter with his brother in plaine battell, that +thereby he might rather grow to some certeine point of losse or lucre, +than to stand ouer vpon vncerteinties, whether to haue peace or war, +that he must be constreined to be at all times in a readinesse to defend +<span class="rightnote">Wars betwixt the king and his brother.</span> +himselfe. But after he was come into Normandie, & had forraied part of +the countrie once or twice, he fell to a parle with his brother duke +Robert, & in the end condescended to put the matter in compromise to the +arbitrement of certeine graue persons, whose iudgement the king +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. West.</i></span> +reiected, bicause they gaue not sentence on his side. Herevpon both +parts prepared for war afresh, insomuch that the king perceiuing how his +brother was aided by the French king, and that his power was too weake +to withstand them both, he sent his commission into England for the +leuieng of 20. thousand men, commanding that they should be sent ouer +vnto him into Normandie by a daie, which was diligentlie performed. But +as they were come togither about Hastings, readie to enter a shipboord, +immediatlie commeth the kings lieutenant with a countermand, and +signifieth to them, that the king minding to fauour and spare them for +that iournie, would that euery of them should giue him 10. shillings (as +Matt. Paris hath, or 20. shillings as others haue) towards the charges +of the war, and therevpon depart home with a sufficient safeconduct; +which the most part were better content to doo, than to commit +themselues to the fortune of the sea, and bloudie successe of the wars +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +in Normandie. In deed king William changing his mind, was now determined +to end the matter with monie, and not with the sword, as it afterward +appeered; for by bribing of king Philip, in whom duke Robert had reposed +<span class="rightnote">A peace concluded betwixt the king and his brother Robert.</span> +his whole trust, he concluded peace vpon such articles and conditions as +he himselfe required.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Hen. Hunt.</i> <i>Simon Dun.</i> The Welshmen inuade England.</span> +Hauing dispatched his businesse in Normandie, he returned into England, +where he happened to méet with new and more dangerous wars: for the +Welshmen hearing of the variance betwixt the brethren, after their +accustomed maner begin to inuade the English marshes, taking booties of +cattell, destroieng the countries, killing and spoiling many of the +kings subiects, both English and Normans. After this (waxing proud of +their good successe) they besieged the castell of Mountgomerie, where +though the garison made stout <a name="Page_36" id="Page_36" ></a> +<span class="pagenum">[36]</span> + resistance for a time, yet in the end the +<span class="rightnote">The castell of Mountgomerie won by the Welshmen.</span> +enimie finding shift to ouerthrow the walles, entred perforce, and slue +all that they found within. Wherewith though king William was offended +when he heard of it, yet could he not remedie the matter as then, being +troubled with a conspiracie newlie kindled against him by Robert earle +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 8. <br /> +1095.</span> +of Northumberland, who vpon displeasure conceiued against him (bicause +he was not rewarded nor thanked at his hands for his good seruice shewed +<span class="rightnote">Robert earle of Northumberland refuseth to come to the king.</span> +in the killing of Malcolme king of Scotland) refused to come vnto him +being sent for by letters, and herewith began to practise with certeine +other Noble men of that countrie, how to depose king William. But yer he +could bring anie peece of his purpose to passe, the king hauing +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +aduertisement of his attempts, first appointed his brother the lord +Henrie to go thither with an armie, and foorthwith foloweth himselfe; +and comming to Newcastell, where the most part of his complices were +assembled, he surprised them yer they could haue time to prouide for +their safetie. That doone, he went to Tinmouth, and in the castell tooke +the earles brother there, and after came to Banbourgh castell, which the +said earle with his wife and children did hold for their better safegard +and defense.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Hen. Hunt.</i></span> +Some authors write, that when the king perceiued it would be hard for +him to win Banbourgh castell (by reason of the great strength thereof) +without famine, he builded vp an other castell or bastilion fast by it, +<span class="rightnote">Maluoisin a fortresse built against Banbourgh.</span> +calling the same Maluoisin, wherein he placed a great power of men, by +whose meanes at length the earle was so narrowlie driuen, that when he +sought to haue escaped by night, he was espied, and therewith pursued so +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +closelie by the kings souldiers, that he was forced to take sanctuarie +within the church of S. Oswins at Tinmouth, from whence he was quicklie +taken, and brought as prisoner to the kings presence. Notwithstanding, +those that remained within the castell vpon trust of the strength of +that place, would not yeeld by anie meanes; but stood still to their +tackling: wherevpon the king caused the earle their maister to be +brought foorth before the gates, and threatened that he should haue his +eies put out, if they within did not streightwaies giue vp the hold into +<span class="rightnote">Banbourgh yéelded to the king.</span> +his hands. Here vpon it came to passe, that the castell was yéelded, and +those that kept it were diuerslie punished, some by banishment, some by +loosing their eares, & diuerse by the losse of their hands, in example +to others. The earle himselfe was conueied to Windsor castell, and there +committed to prison.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i> The earle of Ewe.</span> +Some write that the meaning of the earle and his complices (amongst whom +was William earle of Ewe, who renouncing his allegiance to Robert duke +of Normandie, was become the kings man) was to haue displaced the king +from his roiall throne, and to haue set vp his sonne William de +Albemarle, whom he had begotten of his concubine. But whatsoeuer their +purpose was, after that the king had quieted his countrie in the north +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +parts, he bent all his force against the Welshmen, who the yeare before +had destroied and ouerthrowne the castell of Moungomerie, and slaine the +Normans that laie there in garison to defend it, whereat he was verie +<span class="rightnote">King William inuadeth Wales.</span> +much offended, & therefore entering into Wales, he began to spoile and +wast the countrie. For he saw that the Welshmen would not ioine in +battell with him in the plaine field, but kept themselues still aloofe +within the woods and marishes, and aloft vpon mountaines: albeit +oftentimes when they saw aduantage, they would come foorth, and taking +the Englishmen and Normans at vnawares, kill manie, and wound no small +numbers, he still pursued them by hils and dales, though more to the +losse of his owne people than the hurt of the Welshmen, who easilie +eschewed the danger of battell, and still at the straites and combersome +passages distressed manie of their enimies: whereby the king at length +perceiuing that he could not preuaile against them, ceassed further to +<span class="rightnote">The king returneth out of Wales with dishonour.<br /> +<i>Eadmerus.</i><br /> +Murcherdach king of Ireland.</span> +follow on with his purposed voiage, and therewith returned home, not +without some note of dishonor.</p> + +<p>About the same time Murcherdach king of Ireland, with the clergie and +people of the citie of Dublin, elected one Samuell a moonke of S. +Albons, an Irish man borne, to the gouernement of the church and bishops +sée of Dublin, and (according to the ancient custome) presented him by +sufficient letters of testimonie vnto Anselme archbishop of <a name="Page_37" id="Page_37" ></a> +<span class="pagenum">[37]</span> +Canturburie, to be consecrated of him, who (according to their request) +did so, and receiued from him a promise of his canonicall subiection, +after the old vsuall maner, hauing foure bishops (suffragans to the sée +of Canturburie) ministring to him at that consecration.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The councell of Clermount.<br /> +The iournie into the holie land.</span> +In like maner, pope Urban calling a councell at Clermont in Auuergne, +exhorted the christian princes so earnestlie to make a iourneie into the +holie land, for the recouerie thereof out of the Saracens hands, that +the said great and generall iournie was concluded vpon to be taken in +hand; wherein manie Noble men of christendome went vnder the leading of +<span class="rightnote">Godfray de Bullion.</span> +Godfray of Bullion, and others, as in the chronicles of France, of +Germanie, and of the holie land dooth more plainlie appeare. There went +also among other diuers Noble men foorth of this relme of England, +speciallie that worthilie bare the surname of Beauchampe. Robert duke of +Normandie minding also to go the same iournie, and wanting monie to +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 9. <br /> +1096.</span> +furnish and set foorth himselfe, morgaged his duchie of Normandie to his +<span class="rightnote"><i>Hen. Hunt.</i> <i>Will. Thorne.</i> <i>Simon Dun.</i> A subsidie.</span> +brother king William, for the summe of ten thousand pounds. About this +time another occasion was offered vnto king William, to laie a new +paiment vpon his subiects, so gréeuous and intolerable, as well to the +spiritualtie as the temporaltie, that diuerse bishops and abbats, who +had alreadie made away some of their chalices and church iewels to paie +the king, made now plaine answer that they were not able to helpe him +with any more. Unto whom on the other side (as the report went) the king +said againe; "Haue you not (I beséech you) coffins of gold and siluer +full of dead mens bones:" Meaning the shrines wherein the relikes of +saints were inclosed. Which (as his words seemed to import) he would +haue had them conuert into monie, therewith to helpe him in that need, +iudging it no sacrilege, though manie did otherwise esteeme it, +considering (as he pretended) that it was gathered for so godlie an vse, +as to mainteine warres against Infidels and enimies of Christ.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Eadmerus.</i></span> +The archbishop Anselme tooke the worth of two hundred markes of siluer +of the iewels that belonged to the church of Canturburie (the greater +part of the couent of moonks winking thereat) towards the making vp of +such paiment as he was constreined to make vnto the king towards his aid +at that time. But bicause he would not leaue this for an example to be +followed of his successours, he granted to the church of Canturburie the +profits and reuenues of his manour of Petteham, vnto the vse of the same +church for the terme of seauen yeares, which amounted to the summe of +thirtie pounds yearelie in those daies.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +Thus king William seeking rather to spoile the realme of England, than +to preserue the roiall state thereof, after he had gotten togither a +great masse of monie, sailed ouer into Normandie, and there deliuering +vnto the duke the ten thousand pounds aforesaid, was put in possession +of the duchie, to enioy the same, and the profits rising thereof, till +<span class="rightnote">The duchie of Normandie morgaged to king William. +<i>Eadmerus.</i></span> +the said ten thousand pounds were paid him againe: or (as some write) it +was couenanted that in recompense thereof, the king should enioy the +profits for terme onelie of three yeares, and then to restore it without +any further interest or commoditie. This doone, he returned againe into +England. +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +</p> + +<p>Now duke Robert setteth forward on his iornie, in companie of other +Noble men, towards the holie land. In which voiage his valorous hart at +all assaies (when any seruice should be shewed) was most manifestlie +perceiued, to his high fame and renowme among the princes and nobilitie +there and then assembled.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 10. <br /> +1097.</span> +About the same time, the citizens of Waterford in Ireland, perceiuing +that by reason of the great multitude of people in that citie, it was +<span class="rightnote"><i>Eadmerus.</i> Waterford in Ireland made a bishoprike.<br /> +The +archbishop of Canturburie primate of Ireland.</span> +necessarie for them to haue a bishop; obteined licence of their king and +rulers to erect in their citie a bishops sée, and besought them that it +might please them to write vnto Anselme the archbishop of Canturburie +their primate, to haue his consent therein, so as it might stand with +his pleasure to institute and ordeine such a one bishop, to haue +gouernement of their church, as they should name, knowing him to be a +man of such learning, knowledge, discretion and worthines as were <a name="Page_38" id="Page_38" ></a> +<span class="pagenum">[38]</span> + fit +<span class="rightnote">Murcherdach K. of Ireland.</span> +for the roome. Herevpon were letters sent by messengers from Murcherdach +king of Ireland vnto Anselme, informing him of the whole matter: wherein +one Malchus was commended and presented vnto him to be admitted and +consecrated, if he thought good. These letters were subscribed with the +hands, not onelie of king Murcherdach, but also of his brother duke +Dermeth, bishop Dufnald, Idiman bishop of Methe, Samuell bishop of +Dublin, Ferdomnachus bishop of Laginia or Leinister, and many others +both of the spiritualtie and temporaltie.</p> + +<p>Anselme considering their request to be iust and necessarie, granted to +fulfill their desires, and so vpon examination had of the man, and +taking of him his oth of obedience, according to the maner, he +<span class="rightnote">Malchus consecrated bishop of Waterford.</span> +consecrated the same Malchus, and so ordeined him to rule the church of +Waterford as bishop. This was doone at Canturburie the 28. day of +October, Rafe bishop of Chichester, and Gundulfe bishop of Rochester +helping Anselme in the consecration as ministers vnto him in that +behalfe. The said Malchus was a monke, and sometime vnder Walkhelme +bishop of Winchester.</p> + +<p>But to the purpose, king William after his returne into England, +remembring what damage he had susteined two yéeres before at the hands +of the Welshmen, determined eftsoones to inuade their countrie, and +<span class="rightnote">The king eftsoones inuadeth the Welshmen. <i>Polydor.</i></span> +therefore doubling his power, commeth into the marshes, pitcheth his +field, and consulteth with his capteines what order he were best to vse +in that his enterprise, for the taming of his enimies. The Welshmen +hearing of the kings approch, and that his armie was farre greater than +the last which he brought into their countrie, fell to their woonted +<span class="rightnote">The Welshmen withdraw into the woods. <i>H. Hunt.</i></span> +policie, and got them into the woods, there to lie in wait, trusting +more to the aduantage of starting holes, than to their owne force & +puissance.</p> + +<p>When the king vnderstood their practise, he set armed men in diuers +places, and builded towers and fortifications to defend him and his, +bicause he durst not assaie to enter into wild and wast grounds where he +had béene hindred and damnified before that time, hoping by this meanes +in stopping vp the waies and passages of the countrie, to bring the +rebels to more subiection. But when this policie was found by proofe to +wearie the kings souldiors rather than to hurt the enimies, which +straieng vp and downe in the woods intrapped oftentimes the Normans and +English, in taking them at aduantage, the king without bringing his +purpose to any good effect, departed home into England. After this he +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i> <i>R. Houed.</i></span> +sent Edgar Etheling with an armie into Scotland, that he might place his +coosine Edgar the sonne of king Malcolme in the gouernement of that +kingdome, and expell his vncle Duffnald, who had vsurped the same.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 11. <br /> +1098.</span> +King William, being still inflamed with ire, for that he could not haue +his will, determined with continuall warres to wearie the rebellious +stomachs of the Welshmen: and therefore was fixed first to set vpon them +of Anglesey, which being an Ile enuironed with the sea, was euer a +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +refuge for them when they were sharpelie pursued. This enterprise was +chéeflie committed vnto Hugh earle of Shrewsburie and Arundell, and to +Hugh earle of Chester, who at their first comming wan the Ile, and +tempered the victorie with great crueltie and bloudshed, putting out the +eies of some, cutting off the noses, the armes, or hands of others, and +<span class="rightnote"><i>Gyral. Cam.</i></span> +some also they gelded. Moreouer (as authors write) the said earle of +Shrewesburie made a kenell of the church of Saint Fridancus, laieng his +hounds within it for the night time, but in the morning he found them +all raging wood. How true so euer this report is I wote not, but +shortlie after they had executed (in maner as before is said) such +strange kinds of crueltie in that Ile, it chanced that a nauie of rouers +came thither from the Iles of Orkney, whose chéefe admirall was named +<span class="rightnote">Hugh earle of Shrewsburie slaine.</span> +Magnus, who incountring with the said earle of Shrewesburie, shot him +into the eie with an arrow, which part of his body remained bare and +vnarmed, so that by & by he fell downe dead out of his ship into the +sea. When Magnus beheld this, he said scornefullie in the Danish toong, +<i>Leit loupe</i>, that is; Let him leape now: the English neuerthelesse had +the victorie at that time (as some write) and ouercame their enimies +with great slaughter <a name="Page_39" id="Page_39" ></a> +<span class="pagenum">[39]</span> + and bloudshed. Not long after, the earle of +Chester going ouer to Wales, with long and continual warres tired and +<span class="rightnote"><i>Fab. ex Guido de Columna.</i></span> +tamed the wild Welshmen, who for a good while after durst not shew their +faces.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 12. +1099.</span> +The king being thus at quiet and without warre in all places, began now +to set his mind on building, and first caused new walles to be made +about the tower of London, and also laid the foundation, of Westminster +hall, which though it be a verie large and roomthie place, yet after it +was finished at his returne out of Normandie, he came to view it, held +<span class="rightnote"><i>Fabian.</i> <i>Ran. Higd.</i> <i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +his court therein with great pompe and honor. He repented that he had +made it no larger, saieng; it was too little by the halfe, and therefore +determined to haue made a new, and that this other should haue serued +but for a dining chamber. A diligent searcher (saith Matthew Paris) +might yet find out the foundation of the hall, which he had purposed to +build, stretching from the Thames side vnto the common street. But +though those his buildings were great ornaments to the realme, yet +bicause he tooke vp monie by extortion of his subiects towards the +charges of the same, he was euill spoken of; the report being spred, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +that he should take them in hand but onelie vnder a colour to spoile his +subiects, in gathering a farre greater summe than the expenses of them +did amount vnto. About the same time that king William beganne these +<span class="rightnote">The king goeth ouer into Normandie.</span> +buildings, he went ouer into Normandie, to vnderstand in what state that +countrie stood.</p> + +<p>About the same time also, or rather two yéere before; to wit 1097. néere +<span class="rightnote">Finchamstéed. <i>Ran. Higd.</i> <i>Hen. Hunt.</i> <i>Matth. West.</i> <i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +to Abington, at a towne called Finchamsteed in Berkshire, a well or +fountaine flowed with bloud, in maner as before it vsed to flow with +water, and this continued for the space of three daies, or (as William +Malmes. saith) fifteene daies togither.</p> + +<p>After the king had dispatched his businesse in Normandie, & was returned +into England (as he was making prouision to ride foorth on hunting) a +messenger came suddenlie vnto him, bringing word, that the citie of Mans +<span class="rightnote"><i>Hen. Hunt.</i> <i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +was besieged, and like to be surprised. The king was then at dinner, +meaning first to make an end thereof, and after to take aduice in that +matter: but being reprooued by the messenger, for that to the great +danger of his subiects which were besieged he passed not to make +delaies, rather than to go and succour them with all spéed, he taketh +the mans blunt spéech in so good part, that he called straightwaie for +masons to breake downe the wall, to the end he might passe through the +next way, and not be driuen to step so farre out of his path, as to go +foorth by the doores: and so without any long aduisement taken in the +cause, he rode straightwaie to the sea, sending his lords a commandement +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +to follow; who when they came in his presence, counselled him to staie +till his people were assembled. Howbeit he would not giue eare to their +aduice in that point, but said; Such as loue me, I know well will follow +me, and so went a shipboord, setting apart all doubts of perils; and yet +was the weather verie darke, rough and cloudie, insomuch that the +maister of the ship was afraid, and willed him to tarrie till the wind +did settle in some quiet quarter: but hee commanded to hoise vp sailes, +and to make all spéed that could be for life, incouraging the shipmaster +<span class="rightnote">The saieng of king William Rufus.</span> +with these words, "that he neuer heard as yet of anie king that was +drowned."</p> + +<p>Thus passing the seas, he landed in Normandie, where he gathered his +power, and made towards Mans. When those which held the siege before the +citie, heard of his approch, they brake vp their campe and departed +<span class="rightnote">Mans deliuered from an asséege.</span> +thence: howbeit, the capteine named Helias, that pretended by title and +right to be earle of Mans, was taken by a traine; and brought before the +king, who iested at him, as though he had beene but a foole and a +<span class="rightnote">Helias.</span> +coward. Wherevpon, the said Helias kindled in wrath, boldlie said vnto +him; "Whereas thou hast taken me prisoner, it was by méere chance, and +not by thy manhood: but if I were at libertie againe, I would so vse the +matter with thee, that thou shouldest not thinke I were a man so +lightlie to be laughed at." "No should (saith the king); Well then I +giue thée thy libertie, and go thy waies, doo euen the worst that lieth +in thy power against me, for I care not a button for thée." Helias +being, thus set at libertie, did <a name="Page_40" id="Page_40" ></a> +<span class="pagenum">[40]</span> + nothing after (to make anie account +of) against the king, but rather kept himselfe quiet. Howbeit some +<span class="rightnote"><i>Hen. Hunt.</i> <i>Polydor.</i></span> +write, that he was not taken at all, but escaped by flight. To procéed +king William being returned into England, and puffed vp with pride of +his victories, and now séeing himselfe fullie deliuered from all +troubles of warre, began after his old manner to spoile and wast the +countrie by vnreasonable exactions, tributes and paiments.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Variance betwixt the king and the archbishop Anselme.</span> +Herevpon fell a great controuersie betweene Anselme and the king, who +pretended a reproch of cruell surcharging of his commons with subsidies, +lones, and vnreasonable fines: but the cheefe cause was, for that he +might not call his synods, nor correct the bishops, but all to be doone +as the king would. The king also chalenged the inuestiture of prelates, +and indéed sore taxed both the spiritualtie and temporaltie, spending +the monie vpon the reparations and buildings of the Tower, & Westminster +hall, as is before remembred. Besides this, his seruants spoiled the +English of their goods by indirect meanes: but especiallie one Rafe +sometime chaplaine vnto William the Conquerour, & at this time the kings +proctor and collector of his taskes and subsidies was so malicious & +couetous, that in stéed of two taskes, he would leuie thrée, pilling the +rich, and powling the poore, so that manie through his cruell dealing +were oftentimes made to forfeit their lands for small offenses: and by +his meanes also diuerse bishoprikes were bought and sold as other kinds +of merchandizes, whereby he was in singular fauour with the king. The +<span class="rightnote">The clergie out of order.</span> +clergie also were vsed verie streightlie, and (as I suppose) not without +good cause; for suerlie in those daies it was far out of order, not +onelie in couetous practises, but in all kinds of worldlie pompe and +vanitie: for they had vp bushed and braided perukes, long side garments +verie gorgeous, gilt girdels, gilt spurs, with manie other vnséemelie +disorders in attire. To be short, the contention grew so hot betwixt the +king and Anselme, who would also haue corrected such vices in the +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +clergie (as some write) that in the end the archbishop was quite cast +out of fauour. There are which alledge the verie first and originall +occasion of their falling out to be, for that the archbishop denied to +<span class="rightnote">A thousand markes demanded of Anselme.</span> +paie a thousand marks of siluer at his request; in consideration of the +great beneuolence shewed in preferring him to his sée, whereas the +archbishop iudged the offense of simonie, to rest as well in giuing +after his promotion receiued, as if he had bribed him aforehand, and +<span class="rightnote"><i>Eadmerus.</i></span> +therefore refused to make anie such paiment: but yet (as Eadmerus +writeth) he offered him fiue hundred pounds of siluer, which would not +be receiued, for the king was informed by some of his councell, that the +archbishop (in consideration of his bountious liberalitie extended +towards him) ought rather to giue him two thousand pounds, than fiue +hundred, adding, that if he would but change his countenance, and giue +him no fréendlie lookes for a while, he should perceiue that Anselme +would ad to the first offer, other fiue hundred pounds. But Anselme was +so far from being brought to the kings lure with such fetches, that +openlie to the kings face he told him, that better it should be for his +maiestie to receiue of him a small summe granted of him with a free and +franke hart, so as he might helpe him eftsoones with more, than to take +from him a great deale at once, without his good will, in such sort as +if he were his bondman. For your grace (saith he) may haue me, and all +that is mine, to serue your turne with fréendlie beneuolence: but in the +waie of seruitude and bondage you shall neither haue me nor mine. With +which words the king was in maruellous choler, and therewith said in +anger: "Well then, get thee home, take that which is thine to thy selfe +that which I haue of mine owne I trust will suffice me." The archbishop +béeing on his knees, rose herewith and departed, reioising in his mind +that the king had refused his offer, whereby he was deliuered out of +suspicion to haue bribed the king, and giuen him that monie in waie of +reward for his preferment to the miter, as of malicious men would +happilie haue béene construed. Wherevpon béeing after laboured to double +the summe he vtterlie refused, and determining rather to forsake the +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +realme than to commit such an offense, made suit to the king for licence +to go to Rome to fetch his pall of the pope. <a name="Page_41" id="Page_41" ></a> +<span class="pagenum">[41]</span> + The king hearing the pope +<span class="rightnote">The king could not abide to heare the pope named.</span> +named, waxed maruellous angrie: for they of Rome began alreadie to +demand donations and contributions, more impudentlie than they were +hitherto accustomed. And as it chanced, there was a schisme at that time +in the church, by reason the emperor Henrie had placed a pope of his +owne aduancing, (namely Wibteth archbishop of Rauenna) against pope +Urban: for the emperor mainteined that it belonged to his office onlie +to elect and assigne what pope it pleased him.</p> + +<p>King William therefore conceiued displeasure against Urban, who +withstood the emperours pretense, and alledged by the like, that no +archbishop or bishop within his realme should haue respect to the church +of Rome, nor to anie pope, with whome they had nothing to doo, either by +waie of subiection, or otherwise; sith the popes wandered out of the +steps which Peter trode, séeking after bribes, lucre, and worldlie +honor. He said also that they could not reteine the power to lose and +bind, which they sometime had, since they shewed themselues nothing at +all to follow his most vertuous life and holie conuersation. He added +furthermore, that for himselfe, sithens the conuersion of the realme to +the christian faith, he had as great authoritie, franchises and +liberties within the same, as the emperour had in his empire. And what +hath the pope then to doo (quoth he) in the empire, or in my kingdome +touching temporall liberties, whose dutie it is to be carefull for the +soule of man, and to sée that heresies spring not vp, which if the +prelates of the prouince be not able to reforme, then might the pope doo +it, either by himselfe or his legats. Againe, by reason of the schisme, +& for the displeasure that he bare pope Urban, he asked Anselme of which +<span class="rightnote"><i>Eadmerus.</i> The kings demand to Anselme.</span> +pope he would require his pall, sith he was so hastie to go to Rome for +it. Wherto Anselme answered, that he would require it of pope Urban. +Which words when the king had heard, he said, I haue not as yet admitted +him pope: adding further that it was against the custome vsed either in +his or his fathers time, that anie man within the realme of England +should name or obeie anie man for pope, without the kings licence and +consent, saieng moreouer, that if the said Anselme would séeke to take +that prerogatiue and dignitie from him, it should be all one, as if he +should go about to take awaie from him his crowne, and all other roiall +dignitie. Wherevnto Anselme answered, that at Rochester (before he was +consecrated bishop) he had declared his mind therein, and that beeing +abbat of Bechellouin in Normandie, he had receiued Urban for pope; so +that whatsoeuer chanced, he might reuolt from his obedience and +subiection.</p> + +<p>The king beeing the more kindled herewith, protested in plaine words, +that Anselme could not kéepe his faith and allegiance towards him, and +his obedience also to the see of Rome, against his will and pleasure. +But (to conclude) this matter went so far in controuersie betwixt the +<span class="rightnote">A councell at Rockingham in Rutlandshire.</span> +king and the bishop, that a councell was called at Rockingham in +Rutlandshire, and there in the church within the castell, the matter was +earnestlie decided, and much adoo on euerie side, to haue constreined +Anselme to renounce his opinion, but he would not. Wherfore it was then +deuised, that if he would not agrée to the kings pleasure, they would by +and by sée if they might by any meanes depriue him: but Anselme still +held hard, and could not be feared by all these threats; and in like +maner to iudge of an archbishops cause, the other bishops concluded that +they had no authoritie.</p> + +<p>Moreouer, while the matter was in consultation among the bishops, +another of the kings councell that was a knight, came before Anselme in +place where he sat almost alone, to looke for an answer by them from the +king, which knight knéeling downe before the archbishop, spake these +words vnto him: "Reuerend father, your humble children beséech your +Grace not to haue your heart troubled with these things which you heare; +but call to remembrance that blessed man Job, vanquishing the diuell on +the dunghill, and reuenging Adam whome he had ouercome in paradise." +Which words the archbishop considering with a fréendlie countenance, +perceiued that the minds of the people remained on his side, whereof +both he and such as were about him, were right ioyfull and greatlie <a name="Page_42" id="Page_42" ></a> +<span class="pagenum">[42]</span> +comforted, hauing hope, (according to the scripture) that the +<span class="rightnote">* If they be Gods people.</span> + * voice of +the people was the voice of God. When the king vnderstood all these +things, he was maruelouslie disquieted in mind, and therefore perceiuing +that the bishops and other of his councell had promised more than they +could performe, he blamed them for it: vnto whom the bishop of Durham +that was the chéefe dooer in this matter, framed this answer: "He spake +so faintlie (quoth he) and so coldlie at the first, that he séemed not +to haue any store of wit or wisdome."</p> + +<p>Finallie, the matter was deferred vntill the next morning, and then the +said bishop of Durham, alledging that they could not well ouercome him +by arguments, so long as he grounded his opinion in such sort vpon the +scripture, and the authoritie of Saint Peter; "The best way therefore +(said he) shall be, to compell him by force, either to agrée to the +kings mind, or else to depriue him of his ring and staffe, and after +banish him the realme." But the lords of the councell allowed not the +bishops words herein. "Well (saith the king) and what other way will you +thinke good, if this like you not: so long as I may liue, I will not +surelie suffer any to be my péere within my realme: and if you knew his +cause to be so good, why did you suffer me to commense this action +against him: go your waies therefore, and take aduice togither, for by +Gods face (for that was his oth) if you condemne him not at my will, I +will reuenge myself vpon you." Neuerthelesse, when he was informed, that +bicause he was an archbishop, they had no power to iudge or condemne +him, though his cause prooued neuer so euill, which they could not +perceiue<a name="FNanchor_2_1" id="FNanchor_2_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> so to be; he told them yet they might at the leastwise renounce +their obedience to him, and forsake his companie, which they said they +might doo. "Then doo it (saith the king) with spéed, that he may (when +he shall sée himselfe abandoned, and despised of all men) repent that he +<span class="rightnote">The king renounceth the archbishop for his subiect.</span> +hath followed Urban, and neglected me his souereigne lord and maister. +And that he may doo it the more safelie, first of all I depriue him of +the suertie and allegiance which he may pretend to haue of me within all +my dominions, and from hencefoorth I will haue no affiance in him, nor +take him for an archbishop."</p> + +<p>The bishops would faine haue persuaded Anselme to haue shewed himselfe +comformable to the kings pleasure, and therefore tooke paines with him +earnestlie in that behalfe, but all would not serue. He answered indéed +verie curteouslie, but his benefice he would not renounce, as touching +the name and office, though in exterior things he were neuer so much +disquieted. The king perceiuing him to stand stiffe in his opinion, said +vnto his lords; "His words are euer contrarie to my mind, and I will not +take him for my fréend, whosoeuer dooth fauour him. I shall therefore +require you that be péeres of my realme, to renounce all the faith and +freendship which you beare him, that he may see what he hath gained by +that allegiance, which (to the offending of my person) he obserueth to +the apostolike sée." Whereto the lords answered; "As for vs, we were +neuer his men, and therefore we cannot abiure any fealtie which we neuer +acknowledged. He is our archbishop, and hath rule in matters perteining +to christian religion within this land, for which cause we that are +christians may not refuse his authoritie whilest we remaine here on +earth, bicause he is attainted with no blemish of any heinous crime, +which may constreine vs otherwise to doo." The king refrained and +dissembled his wrath, least he should prouoke them to further +displeasure by speaking against their reason.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The bishops driuen to their shifts how to shape an answer.</span> +The bishops were sore abashed hereat, and driuen to a shrewd pinch. Now +when, not long after, the king required to know of euerie of them apart, +whether they vtterlie renounced all manner of subiection and obedience +vnto Anselme without any condition intermitted, or else that onelie +which he did pretend by authoritie of the pope: the bishops making +answer diuerslie herevnto, the king appointed those to sit downe by him +as faithfull subiects, who acknowledged that their renuntiation was +absolutelie made, without intermitting of any condition: as for the +other, who protested that they renounced their subiection and obedience +vnto him onelie in that which he presumed vpon in the <a name="Page_43" id="Page_43" ></a> +<span class="pagenum">[43]</span> + behalfe of the +pope, he commanded them to go aside, and to remaine in a corner of the +house to heare the sentence of their condemnation pronounced.</p> + +<p>Wherefore being put in a maruellous feare, they withdrew themselues +<span class="rightnote">The meane to pacifie the king.</span> +aside, but yet straightwaies they deuised a shift wherewith they had +beene well acquainted before, as followeth. They presented to the king a +great masse of monie to appease his wrath, and so thereby were restored +<span class="rightnote">The stiffenes of Anselme in withstanding the kings pleasure.</span> +to his fauour. Anselme notwithstanding was obstinate in his opinion, so +that in the end, the sentense touching this controuersie betwixt him and +the king was respited till the octaues of Pentecost next ensuing. All +this was notified well inough to the pope, who vsed the matter with such +moderation, that by secret aduertisements giuen, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +he tooke awaie from his +brethren all rigorous waies of procéedings, saieng;</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Dum furor in cursu est, currenti cede furori.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>But yet the kings enmitie towards Anselme was openlie declared, and that +chéefelie for the deniall of the monie which he demanded; but at length +he got it, though not with any frée heart or goodwill of the archbishop: +insomuch that the king reputed him giltie of treason. Within a few daies +after, Walter bishop of Alba, bringing to him his pall, verie wiselie +reconciled the pope and the king. Notwithstanding all this, Anselme +could not purchase the kings goodwill to his contentment, though he +wiselie dissembled for the time; so that when the bishop of Alba should +returne to Rome, he made sute for licence to go with him. Neuerthelesse, +the king offered him, that if he would desist from his purpose, and +sweare vpon the euangelists neither to go to Rome, nor to appeale in any +cause to the popes court, he might and should liue in quietnesse frée +from all danger: but if he would not be so contented, he might and +<span class="rightnote"><i>Eadmerus.</i></span> +should depart at his perill, without hope to returne hither againe. "For +surelie (saith he) if he go, I will seize the archbishoprike into mine +owne hands, and receiue him no more for archbishop."</p> + +<p>Anselme herewith departing from the court came to Canturburie, declaring +openlie what had bin said vnto him, and immediatelie sought to flee out +of the realme in the night, prouiding for himselfe a ship at Douer. But +his purpose being reuealed to the king, one William Warlewast the kings +<span class="rightnote"><i>Fabian.</i> <i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +seruant was sent after him, and finding him readie to depart, tooke from +him all that he had, & gaue him a frée pasport out of the land. Anselme +repairing to Rome, made vnto pope Urban a greeuous information against +<span class="rightnote">Anselme comming to Rome complaineth of the king.</span> +the king, declaring into what miserable state he had brought the Realme, +and that for want of assistance in his suffragans it laie not in him to +reforme the matter.</p> + +<p>Indéed we find not that any of the bishops held with Anselme in the +<span class="rightnote">Ranelfe bishop of Chichester.</span> +controuersie betwixt him and the king, Ranulph bishop of Chichester +excepted, who both blamed the king and rebuked all such bishops as had +refused to stand with Anselme, and fauoured the king in cases concerning +the foresaid variance. Moreouer, the same bishop of Chichester withstood +the king and his officers in taking fines of préests for the crime of +fornication; by reason of which presumption, the king became sore +offended with him: & found meanes to suspend many churches of his +diocesse. Howbeit in the end, the bishop demeaned himselfe in suchwise, +that he had his owne will, and his church doores were opened againe, +which had béene stopped vp before with thornes. Besides this, the king +<span class="rightnote">Fines of préests that had wiues as by some writers it +seemed.</span> +was contented, that the said bishop should haue the fines of préests in +crimes of fornication within his diocesse, and enioy many other +priuileges in right of his church. But how beneficiall soeuer he was +vnto the see of Chichester, true it is (as Polydor writeth) that he let +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +out diuers abbeies, and the bishoprike of Winchester and Salisburie, +with the archbishoprike of Canturburie vnto certeine persons that farmed +the same at his hands for great summes of monie, in so much that (beside +the said sees of Canturburie, Winchester, and Salisburie, which at the +time of his death be kept in his hands) he also receiued the profits of +eleuen abbeies which he had let out, or otherwise turned to his most +aduantage<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44" ></a> +<span class="pagenum">[44]</span> +<span class="rightnote">Robert Losaunge. <br /> +<i>Ran. Higd.</i> <i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +Robert Losaunge, of some called Herbert, that sometime had bin abbat of +Ramsey, and then bishop of Thetford by gift of a thousand pounds to the +king (as before ye haue heard) repented him, for that he was inuested by +the king, who after he had bewailed his offense, went to Rome, and did +penance for the same in all points as the pope enioined him. Which being +doone, he returned into England, remoouing yer long his sée from +Thetford to Norwich, where he founded a faire monasterie of his owne +charges, and not of the churches goods (as some say) wherein is a doubt, +considering he was first an abbat, and after a bishop.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Stephan Harding a moonke. <i>Ran. Higd.</i> <i>Iacobus Philippus +Berigonias.</i></span> +About this time, by the meanes of Stephan Harding a Monke of Shireborne, +an Englishman, the order of Cisteaux or white moonkes had his beginning +within the countrie of Burgongne, as witnesneth Ranulph the moonke of +Chester: but other writers (as Iacob. Philippus) say that this Stephan +was the second abbat of that place, and that it was founded by one +Robert abbat of Molmense, in the yeare of Grace 1098. This order was +after brought into England by one called Walter Espeke, who founded the +first abbeie of that religion within this relme at Riuall, about the +yeare of Grace 1131.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 13. <br /> +1100.</span> +But to returne againe to the king, who still continued in his wilfull +couetousnesse, pulling from the rich and welthie, to waste and spend it +<span class="rightnote">The kings lauish prodigalitie. Strange +woonders. +<i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +out in all excesse, vaine riot, and gifts bestowed on such as had least +deserued the same. And yet he was warned by manie strange woonders (as +the common people did discant) to refraine from these euill doings: for +the Thames did rise with such high springs and tides, that manie townes +were drowned, and much hurt doone in places about London, and elsewhere. +Diuerse rare things happened also at the same time, which I passe ouer. +But the king hearing hereof, did nothing regard those which were so bold +as to tell him that they were euident significations of some vengeance +to follow therevpon. The king also himselfe on a night as he slept & +<span class="rightnote">A dreame. <i>Matth. West.</i> +<i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +dreamed, thought that the veines of his armes were broken, and that the +blood issued out in great abundance. Likewise, he was told by Robert +Fitz Hammon, that a moonke should dreame in his sléepe, how he saw the +king gnaw the image of Christ crucified, with his teeth, and that as he +was about to bite awaie the legs of the same image, Christ with his feet +should spurne him downe to the ground, insomuch that as he lay on the +earth, there came out of his mouth a flame of fire, and such abundance +of smoke, that the aire was darkened therewith. But the king made a iest +of these and the like tales; "He is a right moonke (saith he) and to +haue a péece of monie, he dreameth such things, giue him therefore an +hundred shillings, and bid him dreame of better fortune to our person." +Neuerthelesse, the king was somewhat mooued herewith in the end, and +doubted whether he should go into the new forest to hunt on Lammas day +(as he had purposed) or no, bicause his fréends councelled him not to +trie the truth of dreames to his owne losse and hinderance. Wherevpon he +forbare to go foorth before dinner, but when he had dined and made +himselfe merrie with receiuing more drinke than commonlie he vsed to +doo, abroad he got him into the forest with a small traine: amongst whom +<span class="rightnote">Sir Walter Tirel.</span> +was one sir Walter Tirell a French knight, whom he had reteined in +seruice with a large stipend.</p> + +<p>This Sir Walter chanced to remaine with the king, when all the rest of +the companie was dispersed here and there, as the maner in hunting is. +Now as the sunne began to draw lowe, the king perceiuing an hart to come +alongst by him, shot at the same, and with his arrow stroke him; but not +greatlie hurting him, the beast ran awaie. The king, to mark which way +the hart tooke, and the maner of his hurt, held vp his hand: betweene +the sunne and his eies; who standing in that sort, out came another +hart, at whom as sir Walter Tirell let driue an arrow, the same by +glansing stroke the king into the brest, so that he neuer spake word, +but breaking off so much of the arrow as appeared out of his bodie, he +<span class="rightnote">The king slaine.</span> +fell downe, and giuing onelie one grone, immediatlie died, without more +noise or moouing. Sir Walter running to him, and perceiuing no spéech +nor sense to remaine <a name="Page_45" id="Page_45" ></a> +<span class="pagenum">[45]</span> + in him, straitwaies got to his horsse, and riding +awaie, escaped and saued himselfe: for few there were that pursued him, +euerie man being amazed at the chance, some departing one waie, and some +another, euerie one for his owne aduantage and commoditie, as the time +then serued. The dead bodie of the king was straight conueied to +Winchester, and there buried the morrow after, which was the second day +of August, the yere of our Lord 1100. To this end came king William, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +after he had reigned almost 13 yeares, and liued 43 and somewhat more.</p> + +<p>This prince, although euill reported of by writers for the couetous +tasking of his subiects, and reteining of ecclesiasticall liuings in his +hands; yet was he endued with manie noble and princelie qualities. He +had good knowledge in feats of warre, and could well awaie with bodilie +labour. In all his affaires he was circumspect; of his promise, trustie; +of his word, stedfast; and in his wars no lesse diligent than fortunate. +He gaue to the moonkes called Monachi de charitate in Southwarke, the +great new church of S. Sauiour of Bermondsay, and also Bermondseie +itselfe. He founded a goodlie hospitall in the citie of Yorke, called S. +Leonards, for the sustentation and finding of the poore as well brethren +as sisters. Towards souldiers and men of warre he was verie liberall, +and to enrich them, he passed not for taking from farmers and +husbandmen, what soeuer could be gotten. He was indéed of a prodigall +nature, and therefore when in the begining of his reigne, doubting some +troubles, he had assembled manie men of warre for his defense, there was +nothing that they could aske which he would denie them, in somuch that +his fathers treasures were soone consumed, by reason whereof he was put +to his shifts to prouide more. For though substance wanted to shew his +liberalitie, yet there failed not in him a mind still to be bountifull, +sith continuall vse of giuing rewards, was in manner turned in him to a +nature, so that to furnish himselfe with monie and necessaries, he was +put to extremities vnbeséeming a king; and to bestow his beneuolence +vpon some, he spared not to impouerish others. For in such sort he was +<span class="rightnote">The liberall hart of king William.</span> +liberall, that therewith he was prodigall; and in such wise stout of +courage, as proud withall; and in such maner seuere, as he séemed cruell +and inexorable. But what meanes he vsed to make his best of benefices +and spirituall liuings, partlie appeareth before.</p> + +<p>In déed such was his condition, that who soeuer would giue, might haue, +& that oftentimes without respect, whether their sute was reasonable and +allowable or not, in somuch that it is said of him, that being in Roan +<span class="rightnote">Jewes.</span> +on a time, there came to him diuerse Jewes who inhabited that citie, +complaining to him, that diuerse of their nation had renounced their +Jewish religion, and were become christians: wherefore they besought +him, that for a certeine summe of monie which they offered to giue, it +might please him to constreine them to abiure christianitie, and turne +to the Jewish law againe. He was contented to satisfie their desires, +and so receiuing the monie, called them before him, & what with threats, +and putting them otherwise in feare, he compelled diuerse of them to +forsake Christ, and returne to their old errors.</p> + +<p>There was about the same time a yoong man a Jew, who by a vision +appearing vnto him (as is said) was conuerted to the christian faith, +and being baptised, was named Stephan, bicause S. Stephan was the man +that had appeared to him in the vision, as by the same he was informed. +The father of the yoong man being sore troubled, for that his sonne was +become a christian, and hearing what the king had doone in such like +matters, presented to him 60 markes of siluer, condittionally that he +should inforce his sonne to returne to his Jewish religion. Herevpon was +the yoong man brought before the king, vnto whom he said; "Sirra, thy +father here complaineth that without his licence thou art become a +christian: if this be true, I command thee to returne againe to the +religion of thy nation, without anie more adoo". To whom the yoongman +answered, "Your grace (as I gesse) dooth but iest." Wherewith the king +being mooued said, <a name="Page_46" id="Page_46" ></a> +<span class="pagenum">[46]</span> + "What thou dunghill knaue, should I iest with thée? +Get thée hence quicklie, and fulfill my commandement, or by S. Lukes +face I shall cause thine eies to be plucked out of thine head." The +<span class="rightnote">An answer of a good Jew.</span> +yoongman nothing abashed hereat, with a constant voice answered "Trulie +I will not doo it, but know for certeine, that if you were a good +christian, you would neuer haue vttered anie such words, for it is the +part of a christian to reduce them againe to Christ which be departed +from him; & not to separate them from him, which are ioined to him by +faith." The king herewith confounded, commanded the Jew to auant & get +him out of his sight. But his father perceiuing that the king could not +persuade his sonne to forsake the christian faith, required to haue his +monie againe. To whom the king said, he had doone so much as he promised +to doo, that was, to persuade him so far as he might. At length, when he +would haue had the king to haue dealt further in the matter, the king +<span class="rightnote">A prettie diuision.</span> +(to stop his mouth) tendered backe to him the one halfe of his monie, & +reteined the other to himselfe.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">King William suspected of infidelitie.</span> +Moreouer, to increase the suspicion which men had of his infidelitie, it +is written, that he caused a disputation to be kept betwixt the Jewes & +the christians, promising that if the Jewes ouercame the christians in +argument, he would be a Jew: but the Jewes being ouercome, and receiuing +the foile, would not confess their errors, but alledged, that by +factions (and not by reason) they were put to the worse. Howbeit, what +opinion soeuer he had of the Jewes faith, it appéereth by writers that +he doubted in manie points of the religion then in credit. For he +<span class="rightnote"><i>Eadmerus.</i></span> +sticked not to protest openlie, that he beléeued no saint could profit +anie man in the Lords sight, and therefore neither would he nor anie +<span class="rightnote">Praieng to saincts.</span> +other that was wise (as he affirmed) make intercession, either to Peter, +or to anie other for helpe.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">His stature. <br /> +Whereof he tooke his surname Rufus.</span> +He was of stature not so tall as the common sort of men, red of haire, +whereof he tooke his surname Rufus, somwhat big of bellie, and not +readie of toong, speciallie in his anger, for then his vtterance was so +hindered, that he could scarselie shew the conceits of his mind: he died +without issue, and vsed concubines all the daies of his life. I find +that in apparell he loued to be gaie and gorgeous, & could not abide to +haue anie thing (for his wearing) estéemed at a small valure. Wherevpon +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +it came to passe on a morning, when he should pull on a new paire of +hose, he asked the groome of his chamber that brought them to him what +they cost? Thrée shillings saith he; "Why thou hooreson (said the king) +dooth a paire of hose of thrée shillings price become a king to weare? +Go thy waies, and fetch me a paire that shall cost a marke of siluer." +The groome went, and brought him another paire, for the which he paid +scarselie so much as for the first. But when the king asked what they +stood him in, he told him they cost a marke: and then was he well +satisfied, and said; "Yea marie, these are more fit for a king to weare, +and so drew them vpon his legs."</p> + +<p>In this kings daies John bishop of Welles ioined the monasterie of Bath +vnto his see, and repairing the same monasterie, began to inhabit there +<span class="rightnote">Couentrie church ioined to the sée of Chester.</span> +in the yeere 1094. The Church of Couentrie was in like sort ioined vnto +the sée of Chester by Robert bishop of that diocesse. Woolstan bishop of +Worcester died about the same time, and Anselme hauing purchased bulles +of pope Paschall, wherein was conteined an admonition vnto king William +to desist from his gréeuous oppressing of the church, and to amend his +former dooings, was now on his returne towards England, and by the waie +heard of the kings death. Hugh earle of Chester in this kings daies +builded the abbeie of Chester, and procured Anselme (afterwards +archbishop of Canturburie) to come ouer from Normandie, that he might +erect the same abbeie, and place such religious persons as were +necessarie and conuenient for so good a foundation.</p> + +<p>Long it was yer Anselme would come ouer, bicause he doubted to be had in +suspicion of an ambitious desire in seeking to be made archbishop of +Canturburie. For it was talked that if he went ouer into England, he +should surelie be elected before he <a name="Page_47" id="Page_47" ></a> +<span class="pagenum">[47]</span> +returned into Normandie. But at +length so it chanced, that the aforesaid Hugh earle of Chester fell +sicke, and despairing of life, sent with all spéed to Anselme, requiring +him most instantlie to come ouer to him lieng in extremitie of sickness; +adding, that if he hasted not the sooner, it would be too late, whereof +he would after repent him. Then Anselme, for that he might not faile his +fréend in such necessitie, came ouer, and gaue order to the abbeie, +according as it séemed best to him for the establishment of religion +there.</p> + +<p class="lastline">thus farre William Rufus.</p> + + +<div class="footnotes"> +<h3 >Transcriber's notes</h3> + +<p>There are no footnotes in the original. The original spelling and +punctuation have been retained, with the exception of obvious errors +which have been corrected by reference to the 1587 edition of which +the original is a transcription.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_2_1" id="Footnote_2_1"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_2_1"> + <span class="label">[1]</span> + </a> Original reads 'perceuie'; changed to 'perceiue'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_2_2"> + <span class="label">[2]</span></a> Original reads 'mostaduantage'; changed to 'most aduantage'.</p> + +</div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and +Ireland (2 of 6): England (2 of 12), by Raphael Holinshed + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND *** + +***** This file should be named 16748-h.htm or 16748-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/7/4/16748/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Louise Pryor and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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