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diff --git a/16744.txt b/16744.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0149ef5 --- /dev/null +++ b/16744.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4538 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Pratt's Practical Pointers on the Care of +Livestock and Poultry, by Pratt Food Co. + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Pratt's Practical Pointers on the Care of Livestock and Poultry + +Author: Pratt Food Co. + +Release Date: September 25, 2005 [EBook #16744] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PRATT'S PRACTICAL POINTERS *** + + + + +Produced by Bruce Albrecht, K.D. Thornton, Janet Blenkinship +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + +PRATTS PRACTICAL POINTERS ON THE CARE OF LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY + + + +THE PRATT FOOD COMPANY OF CANADA, Limited, maintains its established +position of leadership, after nearly half a century of business service, +because of the sustained good will of those whom it serves. + +Better products than anyone else could produce, plus expert, personal, +whole-hearted service, built that good will. And retained it through all +these years. + +It was the constant aim and effort of those who founded this business, +and of those who have carried out the founders' work to the present, to +anticipate the needs of the industry, to co-operate with the individuals +in it, to show their vital interest in the success of their customers. + +These principles of business practice won the good will that established +this company as the authority in its important field. + +Our future success depends upon the continuance of that good will. Our +appreciation of that fact is your best assurance that in the future the +services of this company, as well as the superiority of its products, +will justify the confidence and good will of the thousands to whom the +name of _Pratt_ is but another name for _Quality_ and _Service_. + + + + +~PROFITABLE LIVESTOCK~ + +[Illustration: Farm Animals] + + +~INTRODUCTION~ + + +Animal husbandry is the sure foundation of profitable, permanent +agriculture. Where many animals are kept and their manure properly cared +for and returned to the land, the soil becomes richer and +crop-production steadily increases. And the farmer grows rich with his +land. + +Further, the keeping of live stock distributes the farm labor and the +farm income over the entire year. This is true whether meat, milk or +eggs are the money crops. And certainly both factors are worthy of +consideration from a straight business standpoint. With labor as +valuable as it is at present, lost time cuts into the profits. And when +the income is regular, not concentrated in a short period or dependent +upon the success of a single crop, the matter of farm finance is much +simplified. + +Consider the richest and most desirable agricultural sections of our +great land. With very few exceptions, the best and most valuable farms +are those which are heavily stocked with domestic animals. Here, too, +are found the finest farm homes, the most prosperous and contented farm +families. And this fact, which is so well established that it requires +no argument, plainly shows that _animal husbandry pays_. + +In the following pages you will find much valuable information +regarding the proper care--in health and sickness--of horses, cattle, +swine, sheep and poultry. + +We trust, and believe that you will find it most helpful in connection +with your work. That it will enable you to be more successful, earn +bigger profits. + +Right at the start we wish to emphasize two facts which are really +fundamental and which are recognized by the most successful stock +keepers. The first is this: It does not pay to keep scrub stock, animals +which cannot under any conditions give the big returns. The second: No +animal, regardless of breeding, can do its best work unless it is kept +in perfect physical condition. + +The selection of your animals is up to you. Get good ones. Than _keep +them good_ and _make them better_. The Pratt line of stock and poultry +preparations, regulators, tonics, disinfectants and remedies, will help +you greatly. Made for nearly fifty years by America's pioneer concern in +this line, each article is the best of its kind, each is backed by this +square-deal guarantee--"Your Money Back If You Are Not Satisfied." + + PRATT FOOD COMPANY + + Philadelphia Chicago Toronto + + ~THE PRATT GUARANTEE~ + + "~Your Money Back If YOU Are Not Satisfied~" + +The Pratt Food Company believes in fair play. We desire that our +millions of customers _shall receive full value_ for every cent they +spend in purchasing our goods. And to that end we spare no expense in +making each article in the Pratt Line just as good, just as efficient, +as is humanly possible. + +More than that, we wish each customer to be _completely satisfied_. If +for any reason any article bearing the Pratt trade-mark fails to give +such satisfaction, the full purchase price will be refunded on demand by +the dealer who made the sale. + +You can buy and use Pratts Stock and Poultry Preparations with fullest +confidence because you are protected by + + ~The Guarantee That Has Stood For Nearly Fifty Years~ + + Copyright, 1919, by Pratt Food Co. + + + + +~PRATTS PRACTICAL POINTERS~ + + +~HORSES~ + + +While the automobile and the tractor are now doing much of the work +formerly done by horses, the "horseless era" is still far off. A good +horse will always be worth good money, will always be a desirable and +profitable member of the farm family. But the undersized no-breed +specimen will be even less valuable in the future than in the past. + +The great demand for horses for army use and the high prices paid by the +Government, tempted horse breeders and farmers to dispose of the fine +specimens which alone met the exacting requirements of army buyers. It +will take years to make good this tremendous wastage of horse flesh. But +this is a big opportunity for breeders of good horses and we may expect +them to make the most of it. + +Prices of really desirable horses are now high. If you have a good one, +take good care of him. Protect his health, lengthen his life. If you +must buy, be sure that you get a sound animal which will serve you long +and faithfully. + +See the horse in his stall. If he has a spavin he will hop on one leg +when made to "get over," or jerk it up as he backs out if he is affected +with chorea (St. Vitus' dance). In the latter disease the tail is +suddenly raised and quivers when the animal backs out of stall. Watch to +see if the horse "cribs" and "sucks wind": also that he is not vicious +in the stall. Stand him at rest on a level floor before exercise. If he +is lame he will rest the sore foot. + +Examine both sides of the horse. The dealer may stand the "bad side" +next to a wall. Pick up each foot in turn. Suspect something wrong if he +wears bar shoes, special shape shoes, leather soles or rubber pads. +Remove all such things and examine carefully before buying. + +[Illustration: ~PERCHERON HORSE~] + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Englewood, Colo. + + I have had many dealings with rundown horses, both in the draft + and hot blood classes, and Pratts goods have always brought them + out on top. + + JAS. S. KINSLEY, JR._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + +Reject for contracted feet, steep heels, shrunken frogs and bars, +dropped soles, corns, quarter cracks and signs of founder. See that hoof +dressing does not cover evidences of un-soundness. Following bad +attacks of founder the hoof grows out long at the toes, shows marked +grooves and ridges, is convex at the points of the frogs, and the horse +tends to thrust his forefeet out in front when standing and walks and +trots on his heels. Ringbones are indicated by hard bony enlargements on +the pastern; side-bones, by similar enlargements at the quarters just +above juncture of horn and hair. Examine front of knees for scars +indicating results of stumbling and falling. Similar scars on the inside +of knees and fetlocks indicate objectionable cutting and interfering. +Shoulders and hips should be smooth, well covered, and free from tumors +or sores. No sores should be seen on back or top of neck under collar. + +Examine teeth for age and soundness. See that eyes are of like color, +are sound, and the eyelids whole. + +The horse should allow one to examine his ears, and should neither hold +them absolutely still nor keep them constantly moving. Still ears may +indicate deafness; restless ones, poor eyesight or nervousness. + +See that the horse goes sound and does not "roar" when galloped. Give +him all the water he will drink before testing for "wind." It will bring +out the characteristic symptoms of "heaves" if he has been "doped." +Heaves is indicated by labored bellows-like action of the abdominal +muscles when breathing. Examine the nostrils, as sponges or squeezed +lemons may have been inserted to hide roaring. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Madison, Wis. + + I think every man that owns horses should have Pratts Animal + Regulator on hand. I am a teamster and find it of great benefit to + my horses, whether run down or not. + + HARRY E. BURMEISTER_ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +[Illustration: ~CLYDESDALE HORSE~] + +A spavined horse starts out lame for a few steps or rods and then goes +sound. A lame shoulder causes dragging of the toe and rolling when in +motion. A ring-bone causes an extra long step and lameness increases +with exercise. Stifle lameness causes walking on the heels of shoe and +consequent wearing of the iron. Hip lameness causes outward rolling of +the leg in trotting, and wasting of the muscles of stifle and hip leads +to a characteristic drop. See that the horse's tail is sound, has not +been joined on and is free from sores, tumors or evidences of recent +docking. Always remember to back the horse up as well as drive or ride +him and see that he is not only sound and gentle but suitable for the +special work he will be required to do. + +[Illustration: Care of the Horse] + + +~Care of the Horse~ + +A grown work horse requires daily about one pound of grain (concentrate) +for each hundred pounds of live weight. Of hay he will need a slightly +larger amount or about fourteen to eighteen pounds a day, according to +size, weight, and character of work done. The idle horse will do well on +less grain and more roughage. + +For a farm horse, 10 pounds of oats, 5 pounds of corn, and 3 pounds of +bran, divided into three equal feeds, will make a suitable ration for +one day. + +The corn may be fed at noon to give variety. For the evening meal +crushed oats, bran, and a few handfuls of cut hay, wetted and salted, +will be relished. The bulk of the hay should be fed at night, and but +two or three pounds of it at noon, during hot weather. Avoid dusty hay. +Clover hay is apt to be moldy. It is suitable food for work horses, or +idle drafters, if sound and not too liberally fed. Increase the corn in +cold weather. Omit it in hot weather entirely. Alfalfa is of high +feeding value, but if moldy, or fed as a well-nigh exclusive ration, is +apt to affect the kidneys injuriously. It is deemed unsafe food for +stallions, as it is said to induce impotence or sterility. + +Horses should drink _before_ they eat, unless they have ready access to +fresh water. It is best to allow drinking water often in small +quantities, even if the horse is hot. So used it will not hurt him. The +horse's stomach holds three and one-half gallons. Water flows through +the stomach along seventy or more feet of small intestine, into the +"waterbag." Hay is not digested to any extent in the stomach. That organ +cares for the concentrated food. Theoretically, a horse should drink +first, then eat hay, then grain. Practically no great amount of water +should be taken just after a meal as it tends to flush undigested food +out of the stomach; nor should it be given soon after a meal. + +All stables, pens, out houses, poultry houses and yards should be +regularly disinfected every week; nothing better can be used than Pratts +Dip and Disinfectant. + +This preparation is entirely free from all dangerous substances, +arsenic, mercury, etc., but full of medicinal qualities and properties +which make it most effective without the dangerous results which are +experienced with many other preparations, such as carbolic acid, etc. It +kills disease germs and prevents contagious diseases from spreading. + +Farm horses do not need blanketing in the stable under ordinary +circumstances. A thin sheet in the stable keeps off flies and dust and +is necessary. Pratts Fly Chaser is a proved and safe fly repellant. It +does not gum the hair. Its efficiency is unequalled. + +If a horse sweats under the blanket, uncover his rear parts. Always tuck +the blanket about a horse's chest when standing on the street in +inclement weather or when cooling off. Rubber loin covers, used on +carriage horses in wet weather, should be perforated. In the spring, the +amount of Pratts Animal Regulator given should be somewhat increased. +This will put the horse into condition in much less time, and be of +great assistance in helping to shed readily. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Winthrop, N.Y. + + I have used Pratts Animal Regulator for the past three years and + have found it very successful with both horses and hogs._ + + THOS. J. O'DONNELL._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + ++-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| ~INSURE LIVE STOCK HEALTH AND VIGOR~ | +| | +|Don't permit your hard-working, heavy-producing or fast-growing animals | +|to become run-down and out of condition. It's much easier and less | +|expensive to _keep_ them right than to restore them to perfect health. | +| | +|The regular use of Pratts Animal Regulator absolutely insures health and | +|vigor in live stock of all kinds. It keeps healthy animals in the pink | +|of condition; it quickly puts half-sick, unprofitable stock in the | +|money-making class. | +| | +|Pratts Animal Regulator, America's original guaranteed Stock Tonic and | +|Conditioner, is not a food. It is a combination of roots, herbs, spices | +|and medicines which sharpen appetite and improves digestion, regulates | +|the bowels, makes rich, red blood, and _naturally_ invigorates the | +|organs of production. It promotes growth, improves health and strength, | +|increases production. And all at very little cost. | +| | +|Packed in handy cartons, pails and boxes. The larger sizes are more | +|economical. | +| | +|[Illustration: Pratts Animal Regulator] | +| | +| ~IF DISEASE APPEARS, CURE IT QUICK~ | +| | +|Early treatment is most necessary. Do not let the disorder become firmly | +|seated before you attack it. Keep these Pratts Remedies on hand and use | +|them _at once_ if needed. Delay may mean the loss of a valuable animal. | +| | +| | +|~PRATTS COLIC REMEDY~ | +| | +|A quick certain cure for colic and acute indigestion in horses. Has a | +|record of 998 cures out of 1,000 cases. | +| | +|Keep a bottle in each wagon and in your stable. | +| | +| | +|~PRATTS DISTEMPER and PINK EYE REMEDY~ | +| | +|It goes direct to the cause of the disease, purifies the blood, prevents | +|weakening of the internal organs caused by impure blood or poisoned by | +|absorbing the impure matter from the abscesses. | +| | +| | +|~PRATTS HEALING OINTMENT~ | +| | +|A splendid antiseptic ointment for man or beast. Keep a box on hand for | +|cuts, burns, sores, scratches, eczema, galls, etc. | +| | +| | +|~PRATTS WORM POWDER~ | +| | +|is a special preparation for the destruction of all kinds of worms in | +|horses, cows, hogs and sheep. It is purely vegetable and is | +|unquestionably the quickest, surest and most thorough worm destroyer | +|procurable. | +| | +| | +|~PRATTS LINIMENT~ | +| | +|For man or beast. The best thing in the world for lameness, sprains, | +|bruises, thrush, kicks, shoe boils, etc. A bottle should be kept in | +|every medicine chest. | +| | +| | +|~PRATTS HEAVE REMEDY~ | +| | +|A positive guaranteed remedy for heaves, coughs and colds. It cures | +|coughs and colds by strengthening the digestive and respiratory organs, | +|and counteracts the inflammation and irritation. | +| | +|Try a box on your "heavy" horse. | +| | +| | +|~PRATTS HEALING POWDER~ | +| | +|A guaranteed remedy for harness galls, sores, grease heel, bleeding | +|ulcers, etc. It will arrest hemorrhage and check blood flow. Dirt and | +|dust cannot get into wounds, as the Powder forms a coating over them. | +| | +| | +|~PRATTS FLY CHASER~ | +| | +|Gives comfort to Horses and Cows. Insures more milk and prevents | +|annoyance at milking time to both the milker and the cow. Guaranteed to | +|satisfy. | +| | +| | +|Sold by 60,000 Pratts dealers. There is one near you. | +| | +| "~YOUR MONEY BACK IF YOU ARE NOT SATISFIED~" | +| | ++-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + + +Always go to a horseshoer who thoroughly understands the anatomy of +the horse's foot. + +[Illustration: ~MORGAN HORSE~] + +The hoof is not an insensitive mass of horn, to be cut, rasped, burned, +nail-pierced, and hammered without causing pain or injury. It is a thin +mass of horn overlying and intimately attached to a sensitive, blood and +nerve-endowed tissue called the "quick" which is capable of suffering +excruciating agony. + +The slices should be made to fit the hoof and need to be reset once a +month. + +The permanent teeth are forty--twenty-four grinders, twelve front teeth +and four tusks, except in mares, which seldom have tusks. The age of a +horse can be told more or less accurately by the teeth. + +The teeth are liable to disease and should be closely watched. + +Bad teeth are often an unsuspected cause of indigestion, loss of +condition, bad coat, slobbering and other troubles which puzzle the +owner. Horses very often have decayed teeth, and suffer with toothache. +These teeth should be removed. + + +~Horse Diseases~ + +If horses and cattle were left free to roam as Nature intended, many of +their present-day ailments would be unknown. Man has taken these animals +from Nature's broad garden, and confined them to the narrow limits of +stable and stall. No longer can they seek out and instinctively find +just those roots, herbs, seeds, and barks which their systems demand. + +This explains why Pratts Animal Regulator has been used by successful +horsemen for nearly a half century, as it is largely composed of these +same vegetable ingredients from Nature's garden. + +Merit and quality count, and while hosts of imitators have sprung up, +none have ever come near equalling our product. Pratts Animal Regulator +restores to the animals their natural constitutions and functions, +supplying just that which they formerly had, but now lack. While not a +cure for every disease, it is a positive preventive of the most common +disorders. + +It aids digestion and insures the animal receiving full benefit of its +food; purifies the blood and keeps the bowels free and regular. After +you have accomplished these three things, you need not fear disease in +the shape of colic, bloat, heaves, hide-bound, distemper, constipation, +worms, and the like. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + _I shall be pleased to recommend Pratts Animal Regulator always, as + my horse has gained in strength and weight and is looking fine, + always having a glossy coat. He works hard every day in the dray + business._ + + _H.G. AMERINE._ + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +~Barb-Wire Cuts~ + +Clean with soap and water, and apply Pratts Healing Ointment or Pratts +Healing Powder. These remedies heal naturally and leave no dangerous +scar. + + +~Colds~ + +_Symptoms._--A dull appearance of the horse, rough coat; the body will +be hot in parts and cold in others; running of the eyes and a discharge +from the nose. + +_Treatment._--Keep the horse warm and free from draughts; use nose bag +and give Pratts Heave, Cough and Cold Remedy according to directions. It +never fails. Give nourishing feed and bran mashes and Pratts Animal +Regulator daily. + + +~Colic~ + +Common causes of colic are sudden changes of food; feeding too much or +too seldom; feeding when the horse is hot and tired; watering or working +too soon after a meal; feeding new oats, or new hay, or grass; or, in +short, anything that is apt to derange digestion. There are various +forms of colic. In cramp (spasmodic) colic, pains come and go and the +horse rolls violently and fearlessly. In wind (flatulent) colic there is +bloating of the right flank and the horse lies down, rolls without +violence, breathes with difficulty, paws, looks around at his sides and +finds no relief. In bloat of the stomach, gas and fluid gush back and +forth from the stomach to the throat; flanks may not show bloat; pain is +steady but not violent; horse sweats; nostrils flap; pulse is fast and +weak; countenance is haggard and anxious. In enteritis (inflammation of +the bowels) pain is constant and severe; the horse makes frequent +attempts to lie down but is afraid to do so; pulse and temperature run +high; membranes of eyelids, nostrils, and mouth are red; bowels and +bladder do not act; horse may walk persistently in a circle. In +impaction of the bowels, pains are comparatively mild or fugitive; horse +is restless, paws often, strains and passes no manure, or only a few +balls covered with slime and streaks of white mucus. In gut-tie, hernia, +and other absolute stoppage of the bowels, symptoms of enteritis are +common and the horse may, when down, strain and then sit on his +haunches. The latter condition, and enteritis, usually prove fatal. Wind +colic may need prompt use of the trocar and cannula to puncture high up +in the right flank for liberation of gas. In impaction, raw linseed oil +should be freely given in repeated doses of one pint, and rectal +injections of soapy warm water and glycerine will help. No irritants +should be inserted in the vagina or sheath in any form of colic. +Stoppage of urine is a result of pain, not the cause of colic. The urine +will come when the pain subsides. A good all-around colic remedy will be +found in Pratts Veterinary Colic Remedy. It is compounded from the +prescription of a qualified veterinarian and has a record of curing 998 +cases out of 1,000 treated. + + +~Constipation~ + +All horses should be given a warm bran mash weekly and Pratts Animal +Regulator daily, and constipation will be unknown. Constipation is often +the cause of hide bound, rough coat and loss of flesh. Give a good +physic of linseed oil, aloes or cantor oil, and use the Regulator +mentioned above. + + +~Coughs~ + +_Cause._--Chronic coughs are the result of distemper, sore throat, a +neglected cold, catarrh or dusty hay, and frequently turn into heaves, +bronchitis, etc. + +_Treatment._--Give only the best and most nourishing foods, dampened. +Keep horse warm, and blanketed in a well ventilated stable. + +If there is a swelling of the throat it should be blistered with Pratts +Liniment, or Pratts Spavin Paste--A Blister. Use Pratts Heave, Cough and +Cold Remedy according to directions. + + +~Diarrhoea~ + +_Symptoms._--At first it resembles colic, and will be followed by +violent diarrhoea; the discharge soon becomes merely discolored water +and smells bad; the horse is very thirsty, the pulse thick and feeble, +the heart skips its beats, the position of the horse is something like +colic, and he sweats freely. + +_Cause._--From diseased condition of teeth, eating rich, juicy food, +drinking impure water or from overdose of physic. + +_Treatment._--If the diarrhoea is severe, call a veterinarian. During +and after recovery pay attention to the food. Avoid bran mashes. Much +depends on the care at this time, and the constant using of Pratts +Animal Regulator, with all feed, during his recovery. Feed lightly for +first two or three days. + + +~Distemper~ + +Distemper and Pink Eye are closely related and one is often mistaken for +the other. + +It usually affects colts between the ages of three and five years. If a +horse is once afflicted it is immune from a second attack. The feature +of distemper is the swelling under the jaw, the size indicating the +severity of the case. The animal is dull; the head has a "poked-out" +appearance; coughs; no appetite; feet are cold; saliva runs from its +mouth; has catarrhal symptoms and difficulty in swallowing; the name +"strangles" is often applied to it. When this swelling forms on the +lungs, liver, etc., the case is aggravated and difficult to cure. + +Distemper is contagious. It may occur at any time, but is most prevalent +from September to April. + +Pratts Distemper and Pink Eye Remedy will positively relieve the disease +at once. Blanket the horse and keep in a well-ventilated stable, free +from draughts. Give cold water frequently in small quantities and feed +with whatever he will eat. When an abscess forms on the outside and +becomes soft, it should be opened and the soft parts surrounding it +poulticed so that there will be no "bunch" left after it heals. +Disinfect stable with Pratts Dip and Disinfectant. + + +~Founder or Laminitis~ + +_Symptoms._--An inflammation of the entire foot which causes such +intense pain that the animal cannot stand. The pulse is strong, thick +and throbbing, and the horse lies down with legs stretched out. + +_Cause._--Over-exertion, or after-effects from chilling, inflammation of +the lungs, bowels or mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes, etc. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + _Frankford, Pa. + + I doctored a very lame horse with Pratts Liniment after trying + other treatment for months. In a couple of days the lameness left + and we used him every day till he died of old age._ + + ARTHUR C. SHIMEL_ + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +_Treatment._--Remove the shoe, and soak the feet in warm water for six +or eight hours and repeat in two or three days. Also apply Pratts +Peerless Hoof Ointment at night all over the bottom of the foot and to +all parts of the frog and at top of hoof joining the hair, and cover the +entire wall of the foot. The horse should stand on a deep, soft bed. +Cover with blankets. Feed bran mashes, vegetables and hay; no grain. Use +wide-webbed shoes two weeks after recovery. + + +~Heaves~ + +The symptoms of this disease are chronic, spasmodic cough and +simultaneous passage of gas from the rectum; double bellowslike action +of the abdominal muscles in breathing; harsh staring coat; hide-bound +skin; weakness, and ill-health in general. Over-burdening of the stomach +with coarse, bulky, dusty, or woody hay or other roughage, and working +the horse immediately after such a meal induces heaves. The horse that +has inherited a gluttonous appetite is especially subject to the +disease. Probably the most effective remedy for this disease is Pratts +Heave Remedy. In addition to using the Remedy as directed, we would +suggest wetting all food with lime water, feeding wet oat straw in +winter and grass in summer in preference to hay; allowing double the +customary rest period after meals and keeping the bowels freely open by +feeding bran mashes containing raw linseed oil or flaxseed meal. + + +~Itch~ + +This is the name given to mange, eczema and other skin diseases. It is +usually prevalent in summer and from a small beginning on an animal, +will rapidly spread all over the body. + +_Treatment._--Wash the parts thoroughly with a solution of one part of +Pratts Disinfectant to 20 parts water. Let it dry and then apply Pratts +Healing Ointment or Healing Powder two or three times a day. + + +~Lice~ + +Sprinkle Pratts Disinfectant on an old blanket and tie it around the +animal for two or three hours. This will quickly kill all vermin. Spray +lightly upon the legs and such places that the blanket will not cover. +Then spray thoroughly the stable and all poultry houses near with the +Disinfectant, according to directions. Give Pratts Animal Regulator to +build up the animals that have been affected. + + +~Puncture and Wounds in the Foot~ + +In all cases, the opening or puncture in the hoof must be made larger, +so as to give free vent for the matter which is sure to form. If this is +not done, quittor will follow. Then dress with Pratts Peerless Hoof +Ointment. + +While working the horse, a pledget of tow, covered with Pratts Peerless +Hoof Ointment, may be placed in and over the puncture and confined; but +it must not be allowed to remain after the horse returns to the stable. +Soak the feet for eight or ten hours a day for two or three days in a 5% +solution of Pratts Disinfectant and apply the Ointment. Horse will not +have proud flesh when this remedy is used. + + +~Quarter Cracks~ + +Cut top of hoof above the crack deep enough to draw blood. Soak foot in +hot water, apply Pratts Peerless Hoof Ointment and cover with oakum. +Pare out sole and open heel--blacksmith must use care in expanding. +Apply Pratts Peerless Hoof Ointment daily to the coronet and frogs--this +is very important. Use bar shoe. + +~Thin Flesh~ + +Animal needs a good tonic. Use Pratts Animal Regulator daily with the +feed according to directions. This is a regulator, tonic and digestive +and so works upon the blood, liver, bowels and digestive organs that the +animal is quickly built up, and is given strength, health and flesh. + + +~Thrush~ + +_Symptoms._--Shown by a foul discharge issuing from the cleft of the +foot, and usually attended with decay of the horn and a vile odor. The +foot is hot and hard. + +_Cause._--In the fore feet, it is generally the result of navicular +disease or contraction of the feet. In the hind feet it is entirely +caused by filthy stables, allowing the feet to stand in decaying manure. + +_Treatment._--Have absolute cleanliness in the stable and stalls, +disinfecting with Pratts Disinfectant. Wash the foot thoroughly with +soap and water, and cut away all diseased and ragged parts as well as +the white, powdery decayed horn and substance, even if the flesh is +exposed and the frog much reduced. Then pour Pratts Liniment over the +affected parts. Dress daily until cured. Another excellent remedy is to +wash out diseased portion of hoof with one part Pratts Disinfectant and +20 parts of water three times a day. + + +~Worms~ + +Horses take in worm eggs on pasture, in hay, and in drinking water from +contaminated troughs or ponds. Marsh or swale hay is particularly liable +to infest with worms. Avoid sources of worms. Cleanliness is imperative. + +Cut down feed one-half, mix bran with feed and dampen it. Give one dose +of Pratts Specially Prepared Worm Powder with the feed twice a day for +four days. After fourth day give large, soft, well-scalded bran mash to +loosen bowels freely. Repeat the bran mashes if necessary, as the bowels +must be moved freely. Should the horse refuse to eat the bran mash, it +will be necessary to give him a dose of Glauber's salts, or some other +purge to loosen the bowels. + +_Pin Worms._--Sometimes pin worms remain just inside the rectum, and are +very hard and stubborn to cure. In cases of this kind, if the desired +result is not obtained by feeding Pratts Worm Powder, dissolve one of +the powders in a quart of water and inject in the rectum. Repeat this +once a day in the evening, and continue for four or five days. Do not +fail in this case, as in all other cases of worms, to feed bran mashes +until the bowels are freely moved, and should the horse refuse the bran +mash or should it fail to move the bowels, give the horse a dose of +Glauber's salts. + +Pratts Worm Powder is a special preparation for the destruction of all +kinds of worms in horses, hogs, and sheep. It is purely vegetable, has a +strong tonic effect that builds up and helps the animal to regain +strength, and is the quickest and most thorough worm destroyer on the +market. + + + +-------------------------------------------------------------+ + |~Every PRATT PREPARATION is sold with a positive and absolute| + |GUARANTEE--"Your Money Back If You Are Not Satisfied."~ | + +-------------------------------------------------------------+ + + + + +[Illustration: Care of Cows] + + + +~CATTLE~ + + +Cows will bring large or small profits in proportion to the care they +receive. If properly housed, properly fed, properly bred, and properly +protected against disease they will fully repay the little extra +attention required. Strive intelligently to secure the greatest possible +regular production. Keep a sharp lookout for unfavorable symptoms and be +prompt in finding a cause for poor condition and remedying it. Cows kept +in perfect health are the least expense, least trouble, and the greatest +profit-earners. + +You do not need to be a veterinarian to know that the health of a cow +depends on a good healthy appetite with complete digestion and perfect +assimilation of the daily ration. + +That is just plain common sense. No cow which is not a big eater can be +profitable. But appetite is not of itself sufficient to make a cow a +money maker. There must be sound digestion. + +Once establish and maintain good digestion, food performs its natural +functions. Bodily waste is repaired. Strength and growth are noticed and +the cow gives the utmost possible amount of milk. See then, that your +cows have hearty, healthy appetites and good digestion. Good digestion +does not always follow a large appetite. A cow giving only a few quarts +of milk a day will often eat as much as one giving gallons. She requires +the same amount of care and attention. + +The trouble is that she does not have good digestion to convert food +into milk. Of course there are cows which will always be small milkers, +but there are many many more cows which can be made to give substantial, +paying increase of milk production if proper attention is given them. +Perhaps there are such cows in your herd. Without your even realizing +it, they are out of condition. A little help and they would give enough +more milk to pay you a satisfactory profit. + +This "help" can easily be given. Your own dealer has it. We mean Pratts +Cow Remedy, for cows only. + +We all know how, when we are well, the sight or smell of pleasant +tasting food, "makes the mouth water." This is literally true because +the digestive glands of the mouth and stomach pour out their secretions +and are ready to begin digesting the food. + +When, however, the nerves fail to send their messages to the glands or +the glands fail to respond, we have a diseased condition and we take +medicine to assist in recovery. + +Thus the sensation known as appetite is really at the basis of sound +health. Without it, it is doubtful if animals would eat enough to supply +their bodily needs. + +The mere forcing of food into the stomach would avail little. There must +be desire for food, and restoring the appetite is the first step in +bringing the health back. In other words an appetizer is often required +to induce us to eat. Then thorough digestion builds up bodily strength. + +Pratts Cow Remedy does all this for the cow, assisting Nature in +bringing up the appetite, stimulating digestion, restoring and +maintaining health. + +Cattle is generally divided into dairy, beef and dual purpose breeds. +The names signify the advantages claimed for them. In the dairy breeds, +the Holstein, Jersey, Guernseys, French Canadian and Ayrshire are +leaders. + +Shorthorns, Herefords, Polled Durhams are the best-known beef breeds. + +While among the dual purpose breeds, Milking Shorthorns, Red Polls, +Brown Swiss and Devons have many admirers. + +The indications when selecting dairy females, and important in the order +given, are: (1) Much length or depth in the barrel or coupling, +indicating a large possible consumption and utilization of food. (2) +Refinement of form, as evidenced more particularly in the head, neck, +withers, thighs, and limbs. (3) Good development of udder and milk +veins. (4) Constitution, as indicated by a capacious chest, much width +through the heart, a broad loin, a full, clear eye, and an active +carriage. (5) Downward and yet outward spring and open-spaced ribs, +covered with a soft, pliable and elastic skin. + +The essential indications of correct form in beef cattle are: (1) A +compact form wide and deep throughout, and but moderately long in the +coupling. (2) A good back, wide from neck to tail, well fleshed, and +straight. (3) A good front quarter, wide, deep, and full. (4) A good +hind quarter, long, wide, and deep. (5) Good handling qualities, as +indicated in elastic flesh and pliant skin. + +[Illustration: ~GUERNSEY COW~] + +The important indications of good form in dual females are: (1) Medium +to large size for the breed or grade. (2) Good length and depth in the +coupling. (3) Good development of udder and milk veins. (4) Good +constitution, as indicated by good width through the heart. (5) Head and +neck inclining to long and fine. (6) Ribs of medium spring, open spaced, +and covered with a good handling skin. The dual types have an absence of +extreme development in the direction of either the dairy or the beef +form. + +In males selected for breeding, the evidences of masculinity should be +markedly present. These include increased strength as shown in the head, +neck, breast, shoulders, back and limbs. + +The advantage of having pure blood stock over "scrubs" is apparent. For +those, however, who want something better than scrubstock and cannot pay +the high price which pure blood commands, the ownership of grade cattle +offers a satisfactory solution of the problem. + +Grading consists in mating thoroughbred sires with common females and +with the female progeny for a number of generations. Where the work is +wisely done by the use of good sires, accompanied by the rejection of +all inferior animals for future breeding, the progeny of beef sires may +be brought up to the level of the pure breed for beef making from which +the sires have been selected in four generations. To bring milking +qualities up to the level may call for one or two more generations of +such breeding. Not only do these grade animals answer almost equally +well, with pure breeds, but they may be bought for much less. + +If cows are to produce a maximum return in milk, they must be kept in +comfort. In winter they are usually tied in the stall. The light should +be ample and the ventilation thorough. Lack of proper ventilation causes +the spread of tuberculosis in cattle. + +Cows must be allowed exercise, even in winter. + +They should be allowed to go out daily for an hour or more into a +sheltered yard, save on days when the weather is extreme; or, better +still, be given the liberty of a closed and well-ventilated shed during +a portion of the day. It should be supplied with a fodder rack. + +In summer, cows in milk must be protected from storms, from excessive +sunshine, and from flies, as far as this may be practicable. Pratts Fly +Chaser is unequalled as a fly repellant. It is perfectly safe to use, +does not injure or gum the hair, and is economical. A light spray is +both lasting and effective. + +Cows in milk should be driven gently. The pasture should not be too +distant from the stable, and driving during the heat of the day should +be avoided. + +The quality of milk is easily injured by coming in direct contact with +foreign substances or by imbibing odors. The milk must be drawn from +clean udders, with clean hands, into clean pails, and amid clean +surroundings. The stables must have attention. The udder and teats +should be wiped off by using a damp cloth. Milking should be done with +dry hands into metal pails, kept clean by scalding. Milking before +feeding prevents dust particles from getting into the milk. Noxious +odors are kept down by the prompt removal of droppings and by strewing +sand, plaster, rock phosphate, or dry earth in the manure gutters. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Elderton, Pa. + + "I have used Pratts Cow Remedy with best results. I fully believe + it cannot be surpassed for increasing the flow of milk." + + JAS. YOUNG._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +Unless milking is done at stated times, and by the same person, there +will be a loss in the production. When milking is delayed, a decreased +flow is noticeable the following morning. When a change of milkers is +made, some cows resent it by withholding a part of the milk. + +It is not easy to dry some dairy cows prior to the birth of the next +calf, and yet, as a rule, it ought to be done. When they are to be dried +the process should begin by milking them once a day and putting them on +dry food. The food may also be reduced somewhat in quantity. Later the +milk is taken out at intervals which constantly increase in length until +the cow is dry. The udder should be carefully watched during the later +stages of the drying process. + +Where suitable pasture may be obtained, it is usually a cheaper source +of food for cows than soiling food or cured fodders, as the element of +labor in giving the food is largely eliminated. The best pastures, +viewed from the standpoint of production, are those grown on lands that +may be irrigated during the season of growth. These consist of clover +and certain grasses. Permanent pastures which are grown on moist land, +and which contain a number of grasses, are usually satisfactory, but the +nature of the pasture must, of course, be largely determined by the +attendant conditions. Blue grass pastures are excellent while succulent +and abundant, but in midsummer they lose their succulence for weeks in +succession. Brouer grass is a favorite pasture in northwestern areas, +and Bermuda grass in the South. In the Eastern and Central States, the +most suitable pastures are made up of blue grass, timothy, and orchard +grass, and of the common red, white and alsike clovers. + +There is more or less of hazard to cows when grazing on +alfalfa--liability to bloating, which may result fatally. Likewise +second growth sorghum or the second growth of the non-saccharine +sorghums is full of hazard, especially in dry seasons when it has become +stunted in growth. Nor should rape and rye be grazed, save for a short +time after the cows have been milked, lest they give a taint to the +milk. + +The change from winter rations to grazing should never be suddenly made, +or purging caused by the fresh grass will lead to loss in weight and +loss of milk, though at first there will probably be an advance in the +same. The change may be made in outline as follows: + +(1) The cows will not be turned out until after the food given in the +morning has been sufficiently consumed. + +(2) They will be kept out an hour, or two the first day, and the time +increased. + +(3) The time called for to effect the change should never be less than +one week or more than three. + +(4) As soon as the change begins, the reduction in succulent food, +ensilage, and field roots should also begin. + +(5) The dry fodder should be continued morning and evening as long as +the cows will take it. + +[Illustration: ~AYRSHIRE COW~] + +(6) There should be some reduction and it may be modification in the +grain for a short time. + +After turning out a full supply may be necessary. Should the pasture be +composed mainly of grasses, food rich in protein, as wheat bran, should +be fed, but if it is composed mainly of clover, then more carbonaceous +grain, as corn, should be fed. + +When pasture is succulent and abundant, it is a disputed point as to +whether it will pay to feed meal of any kind in addition. The following +conclusion in regard to this question would seem safe: + +When cows are fed grain on pastures succulent and abundant, the tendency +is to increase the yield in the milk and also to increase flesh. + +The quality of the milk is not materially influenced. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Millsboro, Del. + + Pratts Cow Remedy was fed to the cow from the receipt of Remedy + until the calf was eight weeks old and the calf weighed 234 pounds + and was acknowledged unanimously to be the nicest calf that was + ever shipped from this depot. + + W.R. ATKINS._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +Some saving is effected in the grazing, and the resultant fertilizer +from the grain fed has a tangible value. It is certain, therefore, that +full value will be obtained for a small grain ration thus fed. + +[Illustration: PRATTS PRACTICAL POINTERS] + ++------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| ~GET MORE MILK MONEY~ | +| | +|Help your cows, every one, to give the largest possible amount of milk | +|and to produce big, strong, husky calves each season. The _extra_ pounds| +|of milk, the _extra_ value of the calves are all clear profit. | +| | +|[Illustration: Pratts Cow Remedy] | +| | +|It costs as much to house and care for and nearly as much to feed a poor| +|producer as a good one. The first may be kept at a loss. The latter is a| +|sure profit-payer. The difference is generally merely a matter of | +|physical condition. And this _you_ can control. | +| | +|Pratts Cow Remedy makes cows healthy and productive. It is not a | +|food--it is _all medicine_, preventive and curative. It is absolutely | +|safe to use because free from arsenic, antimony and other dangerous | +|ingredients. | +| | +| ~PRATTS COW REMEDY~ | +| | +|is nature's able assistant. It not only improves appetite and assists | +|digestion, increases milk yield and percentage of butter fat, but in | +|large measure prevents and overcomes such disorders as barrenness and | +|abortion, garget, milk fever, scours, indigestion, liver and kidney | +|troubles. | +| | +|The reason is plain when you know the ingredients. Here they | +|are--gentian root, Epsom salts, capsicum, oxide of iron, fenugreek, nux | +|vomica, ginger root, charcoal, soda, salt. All of superior quality and | +|properly proportioned and combined. | +| | +|You may _think_ your cows are doing their best when they are not. _Now | +|find out_. Secure a supply of the original and genuine Pratts Cow | +|Remedy. Use it and watch results. You will be astonished and delighted. | +|But if for any reason you are not-- | +| | +| "~YOUR MONEY BACK IF YOU ARE NOT SATISFIED~" | ++------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + + +[Illustration: PRATTS PRACTICAL POINTERS] + +As soon as the supply of pasture becomes insufficient in quantity or +lacking in succulence, it should be supplemented with food cut and fed +in the green form, as winter rye, oats and peas, and oats and vetches +grown together, millet in several varieties, grasses, perennial and +Italian rye, especially the latter, alfalfa, the medium red, the +mammoth, alsike and crimson clovers, corn of many varieties, and the +sorghums. Alfalfa, where it can be freely grown, is king among soiling +foods. Peas and oats grown together are excellent, the bulk being peas. +Corn is more commonly used, and in some sections sweet sorghum is given +an important place. The aim should be to grow soiling foods that will be +ready for feeding in that succession that will provide food through all +the summer and autumn. Soiling furnished by grains, grasses, and clovers +are usually fed in the stables or feed yards, and corn and sorghum are +usually strewn over the pastures, as much as is needed from day to day. + +Where much soiling food is wanted from year to year, it would seem safe +to say that it can be most cheaply supplied in the form of silage. Even +when grass is abundant, cows will eat with avidity more or less of +ensilage well made. They should not be fed in winter more than 25 pounds +per animal per day, but the quantity needed is determined largely by the +condition of the pastures. Because of the less quantity of the silage +called for in summer, the silo that contains the silage should be of +less diameter than the silo that holds food for winter use, otherwise +the exposed silage will dry out too much between the times of feeding +it. + +In autumn soiling foods may be fed with profit that are possessed of +less succulence than would suffice at an earlier period, as in the +autumn the pastures are usually more succulent than in the summer. Corn +may be fed at such a time with much advantage from the shock, and +sorghum that has been harvested may likewise be fed from the shock or +from the cocks. Pumpkins may be thrown into the pasture and broken when +fed. + +Viewed from the standpoint of milk production, the legumes (clover, cow +peas, soy beans, etc.) must be assigned first rank. After these come +grain fodders, corn and sorghum fodders, and fodders from grasses, +suitable in the order named. Lowest of all is straw furnished by the +small cereals. Fodders when fed are not restricted in quantity as +concentrates are. + +Among legumes, hay furnished by alfalfa, any of the clovers, cow peas, +soy beans and vetches, is excellent for producing milk when these are +cut at the proper stage and properly cured. Alfalfa should be cut for +such feeding when only a small per cent. of blooms have been formed, +clovers when in full bloom, and cow peas, soy beans, and vetches when +the first forward pods are filling. Proper curing means by the aid of +wind stirring through the mass rather than sun bleaching it. + +When good leguminous fodders are fed, from 33 to 50 per cent. less grain +will suffice than would be called for when non-leguminous fodders only +are fed. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Leavenworth, Kansas. + + When two veterinarians had given up a cow to die, I gave her Pratts + Animal Regulator with the result that she was on her feed in about + a week. I am a constant user of Pratt Products. + + J.D. WATSON._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +Fodder may usually be cheaply furnished from corn and sorghum, when +grown so that the stalks are fine and leafy, and if cut when nearing +completed maturity and well cured. Such food is excellent for milk +production when fed with suitable adjuncts, even though the fodder is +grown so thickly that nubbins do not form. The aim should be to feed the +sorghums in the autumn and early winter and the corn so that it may be +supplemented by other hay when the winter is past, as later than the +time specified these foods deteriorate. + +[Illustration: ~JERSEY COW~] + +Rye and wheat straw are of little use in making milk, oat straw is +better, and good bright pea straw is still more valuable. When fodder is +scarce, these may be fed to advantage if run through a cutting box and +mixed with cut hay. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Thomaston, Ga. + + Since I started feeding her Pratts Cow Remedy, my cow has shown an + increase in her daily flow of milk of over one gallon and is now in + better condition than she has ever been. I give all the credit for + this remarkable improvement to Pratts Cow remedy. + + O.W. JONES._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +The necessity for feeding succulent food in some form where maximum milk +yields are to be attained has come to be recognized by all dairy-men. +The plants that furnish succulence in winter are corn in all its +varieties, field roots of certain kinds, and the sorghums. Corn and +sorghum to furnish the necessary succulence must be ensiled. Corn +ensilage is without a rival in providing winter succulence for cows. +Field roots furnish succulence that, pound for pound, is more valuable +than corn, because of the more favorable influence which it exerts on +the digestion. But roots cost more to grow than corn. Rutabagas and +turnips will give the milk an offensive taint if fed freely at any other +time than just after the milk has been withdrawn, but that is not true +of mangel wurtzel, sugar beets, or carrots. + +The necessity for giving grain feed containing high percentage of +digestible matter (known as concentrates) to dairy cows is based on the +inability of the cow to consume and digest enough coarse fodders to +result in maximum production, even though the fodders should be in +balance as to their constituents. + +Concentrates are purchased or home grown. It matters not from which +source they are obtained, but the values of those purchased are becoming +so high as to force upon dairy-men the necessity of growing them at home +as far as this may be practicable, and of insuring sound digestion by +giving some such tonic and appetizer as Pratts Cow Remedy. This splendid +prescription should be kept on hand the year round, and should be given +with every feeding, especially in winter. Its value in keeping up milk +production and for maintaining health is unequalled. + +The method of furnishing concentrates by growing certain of the small +grains in combination is growing in favor. These combinations may +include wheat, barley, outs, peas, and flax. Frequently but two +varieties are grown together. They are grown thus, in the first place, +to secure better yields, and, in the second, to furnish concentrates in +approximate balance. Such a food, for instance, is obtained from +growing wheat and oats together, and if some flax is grown in the +mixture it will be further improved. + +When choosing concentrates for feeding cows, the aim should be to select +them so that when fed along with the roughage on hand, they will be in +approximate balance, that is, the elements in them will best meet the +needs of the cows. + +If a flesh and milk-making food, like clover, is the source of the +fodder, then a fat and heat-producing food, like corn, should furnish a +large proportion of the grain fed. But it is not more profitable in all +instances to feed foods in exact balance. Some of the factors may be so +high priced and others so cheap that it will pay better to feed them +more or less out of balance. + +When good clover hay or alfalfa is being fed to cows in milk, any one of +the following grain supplements will give satisfactory results. + +(1) Corn meal and wheat bran, equal parts by weight. + +(2) Corn meal, wheat bran, and ground oats in the proportions of 2, 1, +and 1 parts. + +(3) Corn meal, wheat bran, and cottonseed meal in the proportion of 2, +1, and 1 parts. Whether corn meal or corn and cob meals is fed is not +very material. Barley meal may be fed instead of corn. + +Should corn ensilage be fed to the extent of, say, 40 pounds per day +along with clover or alfalfa, any one of the following grain supplements +should suffice: + +(1) Corn or barley meal, wheat bran, and ground oats, fed in equal parts +by weight. + +(2) Corn or barley meal and wheat bran, fed in the proportions of 1 and +2 parts. + +(3) Corn or barley meal, cottonseed meal, and wheat or rice bran, fed in +equal proportions. + +(4) Ground peas and oats, also fed in equal proportions. The succotash +mixture may be fed alone or in conjunction with other meal added to make +the food still more in balance. + +It is preferable to feed meal admixed with cut fodders. The mastication +that follows will then be more thorough and the digestion more complete. +When ensilage is fed, admixture will result sufficiently if the meal is +thrown over the ensilage where it has been put into the mangers. + +In order to insure the animal obtaining full benefit of all its feed, it +will be found highly profitable to include Pratts Cow Remedy with the +daily ration. It acts as a digestive and at the same time insures a +healthy and natural action of the bowels. + + +Bulls should be fed and managed with a view to secure good, large and +robust physical development and the retention of begetting powers +unimpaired to a good old age. The aim should be to avoid tying bulls in +the stall continuously for any prolonged period, but to give them +opportunity to take exercise in box stalls, paddocks, and pastures to +the greatest extent that may be practicable. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Jacksonville, Fla. + + Have used Pratts Cow Remedy with good success as a general tonic + and for increasing milk. Omitting it at intervals as a test showed + a falling off of about a pint for each cow, which was always made + up when the remedy was added. + + T.C. JOHNSTON._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +A ring should be inserted in the nose when not yet one year old. Rings +most commonly used are two and one-half to three inches in diameter. +When inserting them the head of the animal should be drawn tightly up to +a post or other firm objects, so that the muzzle points upward at a +suitable angle. A hole is then made with a suitable implement through +the cartilage between the nasal passages, and forward rather than +backward in the cartilage. The ring is then inserted, the two parts are +brought together again, and they are held in place by a small screw. +When ringed, a strap or rope with a spring attached will suffice for a +time when leading them, but later they should be led with a lead, which +is a strong, tough circular piece of wood, four to five feet long, with +a snap attached to one end. + +[Illustration: PRATTS PRACTICAL POINTERS] + ++----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| ~SELL THE MILK BUT GROW THE CALVES~ | +| | +|Whole milk is too valuable to use as calf feed, even if calves--both | +|veals and those kept for dairy purposes--are selling at such high | +|prices. Sell the milk, get all the cash out of it, but grow the calves| +|just the same. Merely feed the perfect milk substitute-- | +| | +| ~PRATTS CALF MEAL | +| "BABY FOOD FOR BABY CALVES"~ | +| | +|When prepared and fed in accordance with the simple directions, Pratts| +|Calf Meal will grow calves _equal to those grown on whole or skim-milk| +|and at less cost_. | +| | +|This truly wonderful calf feed has practically the same chemical | +|composition as the solids of whole milk. It is made of superior | +|materials, carefully selected and especially adapted to calf feeding. | +|These are milled separately and bolted to remove hulls and coarse | +|particles, which insures perfect digestion. Finally, the mixture is | +|thoroughly steam-cooked, in a sense pre-digested. | +| | +|Calves fed Pratts way thrive and grow rapidly and are not subject to | +|scours and other calf disorders. Just make a test. Feed some calves | +|_your_ way and some _Pratts_ way. Let your eye and the scales tell the| +|story. Learn how easy it is to grow the best of calves at less cost. | +| | +| "YOUR MONEY BACK IF YOU ARE NOT SATISFIED" | ++----------------------------------------------------------------------+ + + + +[Illustration: PRATTS PRACTICAL POINTERS] + + +Avoid using in service bulls under one year. During the one-year form +they should not be allowed to serve more than a score of cows; after +they have reached the age of 24 to 30 months they may be used with much +freedom in service until the vital forces begin to weaken with age. When +properly managed, waning should not begin before the age of 7 or 8 +years. It has been found that the bull's service can be made more sure +by the use of Pratts Cow Remedy, because of its mild and safe tonic +properties. Bulls should he able to serve from 75 to 300 cows a year +without injury when the times of service spread over much of the year. + +Calves reared to be made into meat at a later period are very frequently +allowed to nurse from their dams. This should never be done in the +dairy. Such a method of raising them is adverse to maximum milk giving, +as the calves when young cannot take all the milk the cows are capable +of giving; hence the stimulus is absent that would lead her to give +more. + +At no time in the life of a dairy cow should she be allowed to suckle +her calf longer than the third day of its existence. + +In certain parts of the country, especially where whole milk is sold for +consumption in the cities, dairy-men frequently kill calves at birth +because of lack of milk for feeding them. This practice is wrong and +unnecessary. All strong calves should be grown, either for milking +animals or veal. And this can now be done, easily and cheaply, by +feeding Pratts Calf Meal, the perfect milk substitute, the guaranteed +"baby food for baby calves." When this scientific food is used, calves +of really superior quality, big, sturdy, vigorous, are grown practically +without milk. + +Pratts Calf Meal must not be confused with coarse mixtures of mill +by-products sometimes sold as "calf meal" or "calf food." Pratts is as +carefully made as the baby foods which are so widely used for children. +It appeals to the calf's appetite, is easily and quickly digested, +produces rapid growth and even development. It does not cause scours and +other digestive troubles. And it is easy to prepare and feed. + +[Illustration: ~SHORT HORN COW~] + +In chemical composition, Pratts Calf Meal is practically identical with +the solids of whole milk. It is made exclusively of materials especially +suited to calf feeding and these are always of the highest quality +obtainable. This is one secret of the great success of this truly +remarkable feed. + +The various materials are ground very fine, milled separately, and are +then bolted to remove any coarse particles. They are then combined in +exact proportions and thoroughly mixed. + +Finally, the mixture is steam-cooked, which makes the feed easy to +digest and assimilate. This expensive, but most necessary process, +prevents indigestion and bowel troubles which accompany the use of +unbolted, uncooked meals. + +Where milk is available for calf feeding the following plan may be used: + +The young calf should take milk from its dam for, say, three days. +During that period the milk is only fit for feeding purposes. It is very +important that the calf shall be started right, and in no way can this +be done so well as by Nature's method, that is, by allowing it to take +milk from the dam at will. At the end of that time it should be taught +to drink. This can usually be accomplished without difficulty by +allowing the calf to become hungry before its first lesson in drinking. +It should be given all whole milk, for say, two weeks. This given in +three feeds per day, and not more in quantity, as a rule, than two +quarts at a feed. + +The change from whole to skim-milk should be made gradually. A small +amount of skim-milk should be added to the whole milk the first day, and +a corresponding amount of whole milk withheld. The amount of skim-milk +increased from day to day, and the whole milk fed decreased +correspondingly. The time covered in making the change from all whole to +all skim-milk should be from one to two weeks. Any skim-milk that is +sweet will answer, but it should not be fed to young calves at a lower +temperature than about 98 degrees in winter. Milk obtained by cream +separators, soon after drawn from the cow, is particularly suitable. + +[Illustration: ~HOLSTEIN COW~] + +As soon as the change from whole to skim-milk is begun, some substitute +should be added to replace the fat withheld by reducing the amount of +whole milk fed. Ground flax or oil-meal is the best. It is generally fed +in the latter form. In some instances the oil-meal is put directly into +the milk beginning with a heaping teaspoonful and gradually increasing +the quantity. A too lax condition of the digestion would indicate that +an excessive amount was being fed. Later the meal may be more +conveniently fed when mixed with other meal. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Riverdale, Md. + + Very much pleased with results of Pratts Animal Regulator during + the present period of my cows breeding. An extraordinary strong + calf and the mother in fine condition. + + WM. C. GRAY._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +As soon as the calves will eat meal it should be given to them. No meal +is more suitable at the first than ground oats and wheat bran. A little +later whole oats will answer quite well. To calves grown for dairy uses +they may form the sole grain food. If the calves are to be grown for +beef, some more fattening food, as ground corn, or ground barley, should +be added to the meal. For such calves, equal parts of bran, oats whole +or ground, and ground corn, barley, rye, or speltz are excellent. Until +three months old they may be allowed to take all the grain that they +will eat. Later it may be necessary to restrict the quantity fed. Calves +for the dairy must be kept in a good growing condition, but without an +excess of fat. The meal should be kept in a box at all times accessible +to the calves and should be frequently renewed. Grain feeding may cease +when the calves are put upon pasture. + +As soon as the calves will eat fodder it should be given to them. Fodder +gives the necessary distention to the digestive organs, which makes the +animals capable of taking a sufficient quantity of food to result in +high production. Alfalfa, clover-hay, and pea and oat hay are excellent, +provided they are of fine growth and cut before they are too advanced in +growth. If field roots can be added to the fodder the result in +development and good digestion will be excellent. Any kind of field +roots are good, but mangels, sugar beets, and rutabagas are the most +suitable because of their good keeping qualities. They should be fed +sliced, preferably with a root slicer, and the calves may be given all +that they will eat without harm resulting. + +The duration of the milk period more commonly covers three to four +months with calves that are hand fed, but it may be extended +indefinitely providing skim-milk may be spared for such a use. Such +feeding is costly. Calves reared on their dams are seldom allowed milk +for more than six or seven months, save when they are reared for show +purposes. + +(1) The amount should be determined by the observed capacity of the calf +to take milk and by the relative cost of the skim-milk and the adjuncts +fed along with it. + +(2) During the first weeks until it begins to eat other food freely, it +should be given all the milk that it will take without disturbing the +digestion. + +(3) Usually it would be safe to begin with six pounds of milk per day, +giving eight pounds at the end of the first week, and to add one pound +each week subsequently until the age of 10 to 12 weeks. Any excess of +milk given at one time usually disturbs the digestion and is followed by +too lax a condition of the bowels. + +When milk has been the chief food, and the weaning is sudden, usually +growth will be more or less arrested. When sustained largely on other +foods, the change may be made without any check to the growth, even in +the case of calves that suck their dams. When hand raised, the quantity +of milk is gradually reduced until none is given. In the case of sucking +calves they should be allowed to take milk once a day for a time before +being shut entirely away from the dams. The supplementary food should be +strengthened as the milk is withheld. + +Calves should have constant access to good water, even during the milk +period, and also to salt. + +Where many are fed simultaneously, the milk should be given in pails +kept scrupulously clean. The pails should be set in a manger, but not +until the calves have been secured by the neck in suitable stanchions. +As soon as they have taken the milk, a little meal should be thrown into +each pail. Eating the dry meal takes away the desire to suck one +another. + +Calves of the dairy, dual purpose, and beef breeds may be reared by hand +along the same lines, but with the following points of difference: + +(1) The dual types want to carry more flesh than the dairy types, and +the beef types more than either. + +(2) To secure this end, more and richer milk must be given to calves of +the beef type, especially during the first weeks of growth. Forcing +calves of the beef type would be against the highest development +attainable. Until the milking period is reached, the food and general +treatment for the three classes is the same. They should be in fair +flesh until they begin to furnish milk. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Coshocton, Ohio. + + With good care and Pratts Animal Regulator (which I have used for + two years) this Jersey calf grew like a weed. I can prove what it + has done for my cow and calves. + + MRS. ELLEN BUTZ._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +When calves come in the autumn, the heifers enter the first winter +strong and vigorous. They should be so fed that growth will be +continuous right through the winter, but on cheap foods. It is different +with animals for the block, which should have grain every winter until +sold, when reared on the arable farm, unless roots are freely fed, when +they may be carried through the winter in fine form on straw and +cornstalks, feeding some hay toward spring. They may be fed in an open +or a closed shed, and without being tied when dehorned as they ought to +be when not purely bred. It is a good time to dehorn them when about one +year old, as they will be more peaceful subsequently than if the horns +had never been allowed to grow. The bedding should be plentiful and they +should have free access to water and salt. + +[Illustration: ~HEREFORD BULL~] + +To carry growing animals through the winter so that they make no +increase and in some instances lose weight, to be made up the following +summer, is short-sighted policy and wasteful of food. If a stunted +condition is allowed at any time, increase is not only retarded, but the +capacity for future increase is also lessened. + +The pastures for heifers should be abundant, or supplemented by soiling +food where they are short. This is specially necessary because the +heifers will then be pregnant, and because of the burden thus put upon +them in addition to that of growth, certain evils will follow. + +In some instances calves are grown on whole milk and adjuncts, and are +sold at the age of 6 to 9 months. This is practicable when two or three +calves are reared on one cow. The meal adjuncts to accompany such +feeding may consist of ground corn, oats, bran, and oil meal, fed in the +proportions of, say 4, 2, 1, and 1 parts by weight. In some instances +they are kept two or three months longer, and when sold such calves well +fattened bring high prices. + +The growing of baby beef is coming into much favor. Baby beef means beef +put upon the market when it can no longer be called veal and when +considerably short of maturity, usually under the age of 24 months. To +grow such beef properly animals must be given a good healthy start, +growth must not be interrupted and must be reasonably rapid, and the +condition of flesh in which they are kept must be higher than for +breeding uses. The process is in a sense a forcing one through feeding +of relatively large amounts of grain. Though kept in good flesh all the +while, the highest condition of flesh should be sought during the latter +stages of feeding. + +When stall feeding begins, cattle are led up gradually during +preliminary feeding to full feeding. Full feeding means consumption of +all grain and other food the animal can take without injuring digestion. +A lean animal cannot be fattened quickly. Before rapid deposits of fat +can occur the lean animal must be brought into a well-nourished +condition. Preliminary feeding should cover a period of four to eight +weeks in ordinary fattening. + +When cattle are to be finished on grass, they are usually fed a moderate +amount of grain daily the previous winter. The amount will be influenced +by the character of the fodders and by the season when the cattle are to +be sold. Usually it is not less than three pounds per animal, daily, nor +more than six pounds. Steers will fatten in much shorter time when +Pratts Cow Remedy is used. It causes them to quickly put on solid flesh, +due to its action on the blood, bowels, and digestive organs. + +~COMMON DISEASES OF CATTLE~ + +The cow is generally healthy and if fed, stabled and cared for properly +she will seldom be ill. + +When a cow is sick, provide clean, comfortable quarters, with plenty of +bedding and let her lie down. If weather is cold, cover her with a +blanket. A healthy cow has a good appetite, the muzzle is moist, the eye +bright, coat is smooth, the horns are warm, breathing is regular, the +milk is given in good quantities and the process of rumination is +constant soon after eating. The sick cow has more or less fever, the +muzzle is dry and hot, the breathing is rapid, no appetite, an increase +in the pulse, dull eye, rough coat, a suspension of rumination, and the +cow will stand alone with head down. Usually all that is needed is +Pratts Cow Remedy with bran mashes and good digestible feed. Give pure, +clean water, and careful attention. + + +~Preventing Milk Fever~ + +Many excellent cows have been lost through milk fever within a day or +two of the birth of the calf. The preventive measures include: + +(1) Reducing the quantity of the food fed. + +(2) Feeding food that is not unduly succulent, lest the milk flow should +be overstimulated. + +(3) Giving a mild purgative a day or two before the calf is born, or +within a few hours after its birth. The purgative most commonly used is +Epsom salts, and the dose is three-quarters of a pound to one pound. + +(4) Removing only a small portion of the milk at a time for the first +two or three days. Only moderate amounts of food are necessary until the +danger of milk fever is past. Where Pratts Cow Remedy has been given, +there is little, if any, danger of milk fever. The value of this +splendid prescription during the calving season has been tested time and +time again. + + +~Abortion~ + +A germ disease highly contagious and one of the most injurious of those +which affect dairy cattle. The money-making value of a herd in which the +germs of contagious abortion are permitted to exist will be completely +destroyed. + +A cow which has once aborted will do so again unless carefully treated. +So contagious is the disease that the germs introduced into a perfectly +healthy cow will cause her to abort, and it is no uncommon thing for the +infection to spread through an entire herd in a single season. The herd +bull readily becomes a source of herd infection, and service from a +bull, where there are aborting cows should be refused. + +_Cause._--By infection, the herding together of a large number of cows, +high feeding, smutty corn and ergotty pastures. In a small number of +cows abortion may result from accidental injuries. Such cases are pure +accidents and are not to be considered along with contagious abortion. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Bradford, Ohio. + + Abortion had got a hold on my herd and I was expecting to have to + dispose of them, when Pratts Cow Remedy came to my rescue. Calves + are all coming now at the right time. + + BENJ. LOXLEY, JR._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +_Treatment._--As in all contagious diseases, treatment should be given +the infected animals and sanitary measures with treatment should be +adopted to prevent its spread to healthy cows. For increasing the +disease resistance of cows as well as for building up the vitality of +infected and suspected animals, Pratts Cow Remedy is most effective. It +is a true remedy and tonic, which restores to health and upbuilds the +cow's constitution. It is all medicine, free from harmful ingredients or +mineral poisons. + +Give one level tablespoonful of Pratts Cow Remedy three times a day to +each cow, either with the grain or separately. + +Pratts Cow Remedy should be given before and after service, and when +Contagious Abortion is only suspected, should be continued during the +period when the cow is in calf. + +An excellent preventive practice is to douche the vagina of all pregnant +cows and to wash the tails and hind quarters of the entire herd with one +part Pratts Dip and Disinfectant to 100 parts warm water. + +As a certain number of the cows will harbor the germ in the womb when +treatment is started, it is not to be expected that abortion will cease +at once, but by keeping up the treatment the trouble will probably +disappear the following year. + +When the small cost of Pratts Cow Remedy and Pratts Dip and Disinfectant +and their wonderful effectiveness in ridding the cow of the disease are +considered, there is no question but that it ought always to be given to +all cows to keep them well. + +To prevent the spread of Contagious Abortion, the entire premises should +be disinfected regularly with Pratts Dip and Disinfectant. + ++------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| ~COMFORT FOR COW AND MILKER~ | +| | +|Milking is a twice-a-day job. And if the cow has a sore, feverish and | +|inflamed udder, cut, cracked or sore teats, milking time is most | +|uncomfortable for both the cow and the one who does the milking. | +| | +|Whenever a cow gives any indication of tenderness or soreness of udder | +|or teats, apply | +| | +| ~PRATTS BAG OINTMENT~ | +| | +|and speedy improvement will follow. It quickly penetrates to the seat of| +|the trouble, softens and soothes the feverish parts, and heals up the | +|sores. | +| | +|Use it for caked bags, or garget, for cuts, cracks, scratches or sores | +|on udder or teats. It works wonders. Better keep a package on hand for | +|quick use. | +| | +| "~YOUR MONEY BACK IF YOU ARE NOT SATISFIED~" | +| | ++------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + + +~Retained After-Birth~ + +_Causes._--The cow, the most of all our domestic animals, is especially +subject to this accident. It is most likely to occur after abortion. +Again, in low conditions of health and an imperfect power of +contraction, we have causes for retention. The condition is common when +the cow is given food insufficient in quantity or in nutriment. + +_Treatment._--Blanket the cow in a warm stable, and three times a day +give hot drinks and hot mashes of wheat bran to which two +tablespoonfuls of Pratts Cow Remedy have been added. When the +after-birth comes away, continue treatment giving one tablespoonful of +Pratts Cow Remedy until full recovery. The vagina and womb should be +syringed with a solution of one ounce of Pratts Dip and Disinfectant to +a gallon of warm water. Repeat daily until all discharge has +disappeared. + +_Prevention._--If the cow has been given Pratts Cow Remedy during +pregnancy or from two to four weeks before calving, there will be very +few cases of this trouble. + + +~Barrenness and Sterility~ + +When a cow persistently fails to breed and bear young, she is said to be +barren. That a barren cow cannot be a profit maker, goes without saying. + +_Causes._--Barrenness in many cases is due to malformation of the +generative organs, tumors or other diseased conditions. Very frequently +it is a result of Contagious Abortion, and this should always be +suspected. Cows bred at too early an age frequently produce calves which +prove to be barren, due to constitutional weakness. + +_Treatment._--The true preventive of such conditions is to be found in +sound hygiene. Use Pratts Dip and Disinfectant freely about the +premises. + +The breeding animal should be of adult age neither overfed nor underfed, +but well fed and moderately exercised. + +In proof of the beneficial results of exercise, it is of record that a +cow pronounced barren, when driven to a new owner, living several miles +distant, became fertile and for years thereafter produced healthy +calves. + +Vigorous health must be sought, not only that a strong race may be +propagated but that the cow may breed with certainty. + +For toning up the generative organs, so that they can perform their +natural functions, Pratts Cow Remedy is safe and positive. + +The usual dose is a level tablespoonful twice a day in the feed. + +Thus for less than a cent a day, you can make sure of the cow enjoying +health and being productive. + + +~Aphtha, Sores on the Lips and Tongue~ + +_Symptoms._--Painful blisters which become sores on the lips and tongue. +Occurs often in sucking calves. + +_Treatment._--Wash the mouth twice a day with one ounce of borax and one +fluid ounce of myrrh mixed in one quart of water or a mild solution of +Pratts Dip and Disinfectant. Give Pratts Cow Remedy daily. If the mouth +is very sore give the remedies in gruel form. Feed animal on regular +gruel feed. If it occurs in calves, give Pratts Cow Remedy with milk and +use borax as mentioned above. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Pittsfield, Ill. + + Am using Pratts Bag Ointment on young heifer with a very sore bag + and she is doing fine. I would not do without it. + + F.E. STORCK._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +~Bloat~ + +_Symptoms_.--While eating, or shortly afterward, a swelling appears on +the left side, and as the swelling increases the animal appears to be in +great distress, pants, strikes belly with its hind feet, the belching of +gas is noticed and the animal does not chew its cud. Later the +breathing becomes difficult, the animal moans, its back is arched, eyes +protrude, the tongue hangs out and saliva runs from the mouth. + +_Cause._--Eating damp grass, succulent grass of early spring and second +crop clover in autumn when wet with dew or rain. Also caused by a change +of food or over filling the paunch of animal with indigestible food. + +_Treatment._--At this stage mix one ounce aromatic spirits of ammonia in +one pint of water and give the mixture as a drench. Repeat in twenty +minutes if necessary. In extreme cases a mechanical treatment can be +successfully employed by the use of Pratts Cattle Trocar. + + +~Caked Udder, or Garget~ + +Apply Pratts Bag Ointment according to directions. It is very +penetrating, and has great softening and cooling properties. Use also +for chafing and inflammation. + + +~Cold~ + +_Symptoms._--Heated forehead, sneezing, coughing, may have diarrhoea or +be constipated, fever and loss of appetite. Urine deficient. + +_Treatment._--Give large doses of Pratts Cow Remedy in gruel form and +gradually reduce quantity. Keep animal warm, bandage legs and rub throat +and lungs with Pratts Liniment. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _McDonoghville, La. + + Pratts Animal Regulator can't be beat for sick calves--this is from + actual experience. + + E.M. HUBERT._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +~Colic~ + +Animal will be uneasy, gets up and lies down, and suffers much pain. + +Walk the animal for a few minutes, then give one pint of Glauber Salts +dissolved in a pint of warm water, and inject a quart of warm water, +with two fluid ounces of laudanum, into the bowels. Give regularly +Pratts Cow Remedy mixed with warm water as gruel until animal is +relieved, then mix with the feed. In extreme cases give four drams of +carbonate of ammonia, two drams of belladonna, mixed with one pint of +water. Blankets wrung out of hot water and applied will help to relieve +the pain. Another remedy is one ounce of sulphuric ether and one ounce +tincture of opium in a pint of warm water. A pint of whiskey in a pint +of warm water is also good. + + +~Constipation~ + +_Cause._--From eating dry, coarse food, lack of exercise and not enough +water. + +_Treatment._--Give Epsom salts or a pint of raw linseed oil and plenty +of green food, linseed meal, bran mashes, roots and Pratts Cow Remedy +daily. Exercise is necessary. + + +~Cow Pox~ + +(Variola) + +_Symptoms._--Round inflamed spots appear upon the teats. They enlarge +and form large scabs. The milk yield is always diminished. It is very +contagious. This is the vaccine-virus used as a preventive for smallpox. + +_Treatment._--Separate the cows affected. Do not break the pox. Apply +Pratts Healing Ointment to the sores and give Pratts Cow Remedy to all +the cows, whether affected or not. + +~Closing of the Milk Duct~ + +Use Pratts Self-Retaining Milking Tube. Never use a solid probe or +needle. + + +~Cut, Cracked, Injured or Sore Teats~ + +Apply Pratts Bag Ointment according to directions on box. + + +~Diarrhoea~ + +(Scours) + +_Treatment._--Give large doses of Pratts Cow Remedy at first, then +reduce to regular quantity. Give starch gruel or flour and water. +Another remedy is two fluid drams of tincture of kino three times daily. + + +~Foot and Mouth Disease~ + +_Symptoms._--Sore feet and blisters form in and about the mouth and on +udder. Animal shivers, has fever, becomes lame and teeth become loose. +It is very contagious. + +_Treatment._--Separate all sick animals and wash mouths with one part +Pratts Disinfectant to 100 parts water, or one-half teaspoonful of +tincture of aloes and myrrh. Stand animals in a trough containing one +part Pratts Dip and Disinfectant to 20 parts water. Repeat in five days. +Disinfect all stables, litter, etc. Give daily Pratts Cow Remedy with +the regular feed. Use Pratts Bag Ointment on teats and udder. When +recovered, sponge all over with one part Pratts Dip and Disinfectant to +20 parts water. + + +~Foot Rot~ + +_Treatment._--Clean stalls and disinfect with one part Pratts Dip and +Disinfectant to 100 parts water. Pare away all ragged portions of the +foot and keep animal on clean floor until cured. Make a poultice of one +part Disinfectant to five parts water and stir in a little flour to the +proper constituency and apply to the foot. + + +~Lice~ + +Lousy stock cannot grow fat for the nourishment given is absorbed by the +lice. + +_Treatment._--Clean stable thoroughly and spray Pratts Dip and +Disinfectant everywhere. Sprinkle a small quantity on an old blanket and +tie it around the animal for two or three hours. Spray the legs and such +places the blanket does not cover. Repeat if necessary. + +If Pratts Powdered Lice Killer is used, dust the animals thoroughly with +the powder, rubbing the hair the wrong way, then rub it thoroughly into +the skin. + + +~Lump Jaw~ + +_Cause._--A vegetable parasite. It is contagious. + +_Treatment._--Remove the tumor by surgical means or paint daily with +tincture of iodine. Give daily two drams of iodide of potash. Give +nourishing feed with Pratts Cow Remedy daily. Disinfect stable with +Pratts Dip and Disinfectant. + + +~Milk--Bloody or Stringy~ + +_Cause._--By rupture of minute vessels in the udder due to injury, +irritation or inflammation and derangement of the system. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _East Point, Ga. + + Please send me a box of Pratts Cow Remedy and some Pratts Bag + Ointment. I sure do need it. I found no other that will do the + work. It brings in calves easy. + + MRS. MATTIE BROWN._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +_Treatment._--Change the food and pasture. Give large doses of Pratts +Cow Remedy at first, and gradually reduce to regular quantity. Give good +nutritious feed with bran mashes and clean fresh, water. Rub udder twice +daily with Pratts Bag Ointment. Four drams of hyposulphite of soda in +feed twice a day has produced good results. + + +~Milk--Blue and Watery~ + +_Treatment._--Keep stable perfectly clean, disinfect thoroughly with +Pratts Disinfectant and treat same as for bloody milk. Sometimes blue +milk is the sign of tuberculosis. If so, have the cow killed and burned +or buried deep. + + +~Milk Fever~ + +_Symptoms._--There is a feverish condition and inflammation of the +brain; a complete stoppage of milk, weakness in hind quarters, animal +staggers and when down is unable to rise, throws head to one side and +goes into a state of stupor. + +_Cause._--By trouble peculiar to calving or running into rich pasture +during hot weather; by lack of exercise and from costiveness. Usually +attacks fat cows. + +_Treatment._--(From Circular 45, Bureau of Animal Industry, U.S. +Department of Agriculture.) "Of all known methods of treating milk +fever, the injection of sterile atmospheric air into the udder is by far +the most simple and practicable as well as the most efficacious and +harmless one at our disposal." Pratts Milk Fever Outfit for air +treatment should always be kept on hand. The price is $3. This treatment +has cured 97 per cent. of cases treated. + +_Prevention._--Feed pregnant cows with nutritious and laxative feed, +give plenty of water and Pratts Cow Remedy daily. Keep stable clean, +well ventilated and disinfected with Pratts Dip and Disinfectant. + + +~Milk--To Increase the Flow of~ + +_Treatment._--To increase flow of milk give Pratts Cow Remedy daily with +a good nutritious ration and plenty of water. These supply just what a +cow needs to make her food appetizing, to regulate the blood, bowels and +digestive organs, to turn all the nutriment of the feed given into flesh +and milk without waste. Pratts Cow Remedy has been used for over 40 +years by successful and conservative feeders, and wherever used, +according to directions, has produced wonderful results. + + +~Ophthalmia--Sore Eyes~ + +_Treatment._--Separate affected animals at once and put them in clean, +well ventilated but dark stalls as this is contagious. Disinfect entire +place with one part Pratts Dip and Disinfectant to 75 parts of water. +Give physic of a pound and a half of Epsom salts, dissolve in a pint of +warm water, to which add two ounces of powdered ginger. Give sloppy feed +with one dram of powdered nitrate of potassia added and Pratts Cow +Remedy daily. + +Fasten a cloth over the eyes and keep it wet with a lotion of chloride +of zinc, one dram; carbolic acid, two drams; water, one gallon. Apply to +the cheek below each eye, to the space of about two inches, a small +portion composed of Spanish fly, 2 drams; lard, two tablespoonfuls. +Apply in the morning and wash off with soap suds and a sponge, six hours +later. Apply lard. Keep separated from herd for a month after recovery. + + +~Rheumatism~ + +_Symptoms._--Hot, painful swellings at the joints, stiffness in walking +and difficulty in rising. + +_Cause._--By exposure, badly ventilated and wet stables, damp, marshy +pasture and impure food. + +_Treatment._--Bathe joints with Pratts Liniment. Give a physic of a +pound of Epsom salts in warm water. Give two drams of salicylate of soda +every three hours for two days. Keep animal warm and dry. Give +nutritious feed of a laxative nature with Pratts Cow Remedy daily. + + +~Sore Throat~ + +_Symptoms._--Difficulty in swallowing, pain and difficult breathing. + +_Treatment._--Place in dry, clean, well ventilated stable. Use nose bag. +Rub throat with Pratts Liniment. Give physic of one pound of Epsom salts +in warm water. Give one-half ounce of tincture of belladonna every six +hours. Syringe throat three times a day with an ounce of following +solution: one and one-half drams nitrate of silver and one pint of +distilled water. + + +~Sprains~ + +Use Pratts Liniment, nothing better. + + +~Teats--Obstructed~ + +_Treatment._--Wash off with one part Pratts Dip and Disinfectant and 50 +parts of water. Use Pratts Teat Opener. Pratts Self-Retaining Milking +Tube can then be inserted until teat is better. Rub teats with Pratts +Bag Ointment. + + +~Ticks~ + +_Treatment._--All cattle infected with ticks should be sponged or dipped +at once with one part Pratts Dip and Disinfectant to 20 parts water. +Repeat in ten days. This will not only kill the ticks but cure mange, +soften the hair and make the skin healthy. + + +~Tuberculosis--Consumption~ + +_Symptoms._--Not well marked in early stages. Disease develops slowly. +There is a loss of flesh, a short dry cough, irregular appetite, rapid +breathing, weakness, bloating, diarrhoea, the milk is lessened and is +watery and blue in color. The coat is rough and back arched. Whenever an +animal is suspected of having tuberculosis, have a competent person give +the "Tuberculosis Test" at once. + +_Cause._--Poor feed and water, badly ventilated stables, dirty stables, +from over-feeding and inoculation. It is hereditary. May also follow +abortion and catarrhal trouble of the genital organs. + +_Treatment._--Disease is incurable. Kill and burn all animals affected +at once and disinfect thoroughly stables, yards, etc., with one part +Pratts Dip and Disinfectant to 50 parts of water. Disinfect every week +until every germ is destroyed. Use Pratts Dip and Disinfectant in all +whitewash and sponge or dip all the cattle in a solution of one part +Disinfectant to 100 parts water. + + +~Wire Cuts, Wounds, Bites, Etc.~ + +_Treatment._--Wash with one part Pratts Dip and Disinfectant and 50 +parts water and apply Pratts Healing Ointment or Healing Powder three +times a day. + + +~Worms~ + +Give Pratts Specially Prepared Worm Powder according to directions. It +is quick in its action and has a strong tonic effect. + + + +[Illustration: PRATTS PRACTICAL POINTERS] + + + +~SHEEP~ + + +Many years ago the sheep industry of America flourished. Then came a +period of depression in this line accompanied by a steady decrease in +the number of sheep kept. But the tide turned again about 1914 and the +sheep are rapidly coming back to American farms and ranges. + +This change is doubtless due to the steadily increasing cost of grain +and labor accompanied by correspondingly high prices of lamb, mutton and +wool. Also to a general recognition of the economic value of sheep--both +of the mutton and wool breeds--as quick producers of income, no little +part of which should be profit. The latter point is due to the fact that +sheep are inexpensive to maintain as they thrive upon the roughest of +pastures and coarse feeds which will not sell to advantage, and their +care consumes but little time. Low production costs--feed and labor--and +high prices for the products make a most satisfactory combination. + +Methods of successful sheep management vary in different sections of the +country. The beginner may well consult the successful sheep-growers in +his section and adopt the methods which give good results under the +conditions existing in his locality. At the same time he should neglect +no opportunity to secure more information from all sources, in order to +know and use the most advanced methods and so make the maximum profits. + +Here are a few basic facts: + +Sheep raising requires careful attention, but does not demand a great +amount of heavy labor or expensive equipment. + +The best time to make a start is in the early fall when good breeding +stock may be selected. + +While pure-bred breeders are best, a pure-bred ram and ewes of good +grade will prove very satisfactory. + +A start may be made in a small way, but it is best to have at least +twenty to forty breeders for economy of time, labor and other expenses. + +As a rule it is most profitable to push the lambs for growth and market +them when they weigh 65 to 75 pounds. + +This weight can be secured in about four months. + +If a very large pasture is available the flock will thrive on this. +Otherwise fields must be fenced off and forage crops provided. + +Breeding ewes must be exercised in the winter to insure strong lambs. +But protect them from rain or wet snow as soaked fleeces cause colds and +pneumonia. + +[Illustration: ~SHROPSHIRE SHEEP~] + +Thrifty condition and vigorous health must be maintained at all costs. +Otherwise the lambs will be small and weak and fleeces of inferior +quality. The regular use of Pratts Animal Regulator will improve +condition, insure health and vigor, increase number and quality of +lambs, promote growth of flesh and wool. And in large measure, it keeps +common diseases away because Pratt-fed sheep are in condition to +_resist_ disease. + +Shearing should be done after lambing, usually in late spring or early +summer. If lambing time is late, the shearing may be done before the +lambs arrive. Tie up the fleeces separately, first sorting out dung +locks and tags. + +After lambing, the individual ewes should be carefully watched to see +that they have plenty of milk and are in good condition. They should be +kept in pens for about three days, when they may be permitted to run +with the flock. Feed lightly for two or three days, then heavily to +stimulate the milk flow so lambs will be well-nourished. They may +profitably receive one to two pounds of grain per day during the nursing +period. + +Inferior ewes should be marketed as rapidly as they are identified. Get +rid of the barren ones, producers of poor lambs, poor milkers, light +shearers. + +Sheep must be protected against blood-thirsty dogs and external and +internal parasites. In many sections sheep growers have united to fight +sheep-killing dogs and good results have been secured. United action +against a common enemy is best, as public sentiment may thus be aroused. + +Because of their thick fleeces and helplessness, sheep suffer greatly +from the attacks of ticks, lice and other parasites. Ticks are +particularly injurious. They annoy and weaken the adult animals, torture +the lambs and check their growth. The result is always a money loss to +the sheep owner. + +Fortunately it is a simple matter to exterminate the ticks and lice and +overcome the ordinary skin diseases of sheep. Merely dip the sheep in a +solution of Pratts Disinfectant. It is non-poisonous, inexpensive--does +the work! + +[Illustration: ~MERINO RAM~] + +July and August is the popular time for dipping, but the work can be +done as soon after shearing as the shear cuts heal. Two dippings are +necessary, about twenty-four days apart. The first treatment may not +kill all the eggs, but the second will kill the young ticks, thus +completing the job. For successful results, it is necessary to use a +dipping tank or vat large enough to hold sufficient of the solution to +immerse and thoroughly saturate each animal. + +Intestinal parasites, of which the stomach worm is perhaps the most +dreaded, cause great loss to sheep owners. These worms live in the +fourth stomach. They are easily identified, being from one-half to one +and a quarter inches long, marked with a red stripe. Their eggs are +found in the droppings of the sheep, so infection is secured in the +pasture. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Augusta, Me. + + As a constant user of Pratts Animal Regulator, for sheep, I find + that it not only helps them to put on flesh but keeps their system + in fine condition. I take great pleasure in recommending it, + knowing its benefit to Cloverdale Shropshires. + + H.J. O'HEAR, Samoset Farm._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + + + +[Illustration: Care of Swine] + + + +~SWINE~ + + +No other class of animals kept upon the farm brings returns so quickly +as swine, with the exception of fowls. Swine are specially valuable for +utilizing food that would otherwise go to waste. They are an invaluable +adjunct to the dairy, particularly when the whole milk is separated on +the farm. + +You can grow big, healthy, profit-paying hogs, if you will merely meet +certain clearly defined hog requirements. If you do this, and it's easy, +you need never worry about profits. You are _sure_ to succeed. + +The world needs and will pay you well for all the hogs you can produce. +Aside from the pork products required for consumption in America, the +hog growers of the United States must for years export to Europe more +pork in various forms, and more lard, than ever before. + +The European herds of hogs have been sadly depleted. Dr. Vernon Kellogg, +of the United States Food Administration, has personally investigated +the situation. He reports decreases in hogs in leading countries as +follows: France, 49 per cent.; Great Britain, 25 per cent.; Italy, +12 1/2 per cent. And, of course, conditions are even worse in Germany, +Austria and the Balkan Nations, all of which are big producers in normal +times. + +Properly handled, kept healthy and vigorous, the American hog is a +money-maker. Many farmers know this from experience: others fail to +realize how useful and profitable the hog really is. + +The experts connected with the United States Department of Agriculture +make the following assertions in Farmers' Bulletin 874: + +"No branch of live-stock farming gives better results than the raising +of well-bred swine when conducted with a reasonable amount of +intelligence. The hog is one of the most important animals to raise on +the farm, either for meat or for profit, and no farm is complete unless +some hogs are kept to aid in the modern method of farming. The farmers +of the South and West, awakening to the merits of the hog, are rapidly +increasing their output of pork and their bank accounts. The hog +requires less labor, less equipment, less capital, and makes greater +gains per hundred pounds of concentrates than any other farm animal, and +reproduces himself faster and in greater numbers; and returns the money +invested more quickly than any other farm animal except poultry." + +The University of Minnesota, in Extension Bulletin 7, sums up the matter +as follows: + +"From a business point of view, the hog is described as a great national +resource, a farm mortgage lifter and debt-payer, and the most generally +profitable domesticated animal in American agriculture." + +And this summarizes the general opinion of progressive hog growers and +the experts connected with the United States Department of Agriculture +and the various State Agricultural Experiment Stations and Colleges. + +Breeds of hogs are divided into two general classes--bacon type and lard +type. Where milk is plentiful, and especially where such foods as barley +and peas are grown, the bacon type will be the most profitable, as they +furnish the largest litters and also make pork that brings the best +price in the market. The lard type of swine are usually kept where corn +is the cereal that is most grown. + +The large Yorkshire and Tamworth are the leading bacon breeds. The +Poland China, the Duroc Jersey, and the Chester White are leading lard +types. The Berkshires, Cheshires, and Hampshires are intermediate +between the bacon and lard types. When bacon sires are crossed upon sows +of any of the other breeds, the progeny are excellent for pork. + +The farmer who is about to adopt a breed should be sure to select one of +the standard and common breeds of his own neighborhood. Many men make +the mistake of introducing a breed new to the section, and when the time +comes that a new boar must be secured much difficulty and expense are +incurred before a satisfactory one can be found. + +The bulletin quoted above further says: "To the production of pork, +then, in _the largest amount_, in _the shortest time_, and with _the +minimum of money and labor_, all the details of the hog-raising industry +are directed." Here is the whole secret--pork in largest amount, in +shortest time, at lowest production costs. And the very foundation is +perfect health and vigorous condition of the hogs, both breeding animals +and market stock. + +Health and vigor are necessary in the breeding animals if they are to +produce big litters of sturdy pigs--in the market animals if they are to +consume large amounts of food and economically and quickly convert it +into fat and muscle. Weak, sickly, run-down hogs are a constant source +of trouble and are never profitable under any conditions. Disease is one +of the greatest drawbacks in the hog industry. + +[Illustration: ~POLAND CHINA PIG~] + +When selecting brood sows of any breed, the preference should be given +to those which have reasonably long sides and limbs of medium length. +When selecting boars make sure that vigor is present in a marked degree +and also strong limbs. Any weakness in the back of male or female is to +be carefully shunned. + +During pregnancy two facts must be borne in mind. The first is that the +sow is doing double duty. She is keeping up her own bodily functions, as +well as developing her fetal litter. Therefore, feeding should be +liberal. The mistakes in feeding breeding animals are more frequently +those which keep such stock thin. The importance of ample feeding at +this time is a demonstrated fact, as well as one which appeals to common +sense. + +In the second place the sow is building new tissue. Hence the kind of +feed is important. Bran, peas, oats and barley and such forage plants as +clover, alfalfa, vetches and the like. Ordinary pasture grasses are of +much value. + +All breeders lay great emphasis on the condition of the bowels during +pregnancy, and particularly at farrowing. The special danger to be +avoided is constipation. It is right here that Pratts Hog Tonic shows +its great worth to hog raiser. It puts the digestion organs into healthy +condition and the result is safe farrowing and a healthy litter which +is not apt to suffer from scours or thumps. + +[Illustration: ~DUROC-JERSEY BOAR~] + +Good health is inherited from vigorous, healthy ancestors. It is +intensified and preserved by proper management. "The time to begin +fitting pigs for market is before they are farrowed. For this reason it +is advisable to pay particular attention to the feed and care of the +brood sow from breeding to farrowing time." And "It must be understood +that it is much easier to continue an animal (hog) in a thrifty, hardy +condition than to bring the animal back to his normal appetite and rate +of growth, once he is out of order." (Circular 90, New Jersey Agr. Exp. +Station.) + +These common-sense statements must appeal to the reason of every +thinking hog producer. And they make plain the wisdom of regularly +supplying Pratts Hog Tonic to the entire herd, to breeding stock, +growing pigs, fattening hogs. + +This remarkable natural tonic and conditioners _is not_ a specific for +any single disease. It is a health-builder and health-preserver. In this +connection we wish to particularly mention that most dreaded and +destructive of all hog diseases--hog cholera. We do not claim that +Pratts Hog Tonic will entirely prevent or cure this scourge. But it will +put and keep your herd in such fine condition that the individuals will +be more resistant and will not as readily contract cholera or other germ +diseases. It will prevent and control such troubles as indigestion, +diarrhoea, constipation and the like, which are such a source of trouble +in the average herd. + +You may not appreciate the value of using such a conditioner, but the +Kentucky Agr. Exp. Station, in Bulletin 181, contains the following +statement which deserves the careful consideration of every thoughtful +hog raiser: _"General conditioners have been found to be advantageous in +the maintenance of healthy conditions in hogs_." + +Brood sows should not produce their first litter under twelve months. +Whether they should produce one or two litters a year will depend +largely upon the conditions, especially of climate. Sows should be kept +for breeding as long as they will produce good, even litters. +Well-chosen sows should rear an average of eight to the litter. + +Brood sows should have ample exercise. They get it in good form when +they are allowed to turn over litter in the barnyard on which a little +grain, as corn, has previously been sprinkled. Two-thirds of the winter +rations may consist of mangels or alfalfa hay--the other third being +grain or swill. Alfalfa for hogs should be cut before blossoming. + +When sows farrow they should be fed lightly for the first three days. +Later give all they will eat of milk-making foods. A combination of +ground oats, wheat shorts, and some corn is excellent. And Pratts Hog +Tonic will be found especially valuable during the nursing period. Meal +is fed ground and soaked. As soon as young pigs will take skim-milk they +should get it in a trough apart from the sow. They are weaned at seven +or eight weeks where two litters are grown in a year, and at twelve +weeks where but one is grown. + +When pigs are weaned, and previously, there is nothing better than +shorts and skim milk. They should be grown subsequently to weaning on +pasture, with one to two pounds of grain added daily. In season, winter +or spring rye, clover, alfalfa, barley, and rape all make excellent +pasture. + +The fattening period with swine covers from six to eight weeks. Unground +corn and water will fatten swine in good form. The same is true of +barley and rye, ground and soaked. They may be fattened nicely while +grazing on field peas. They may also be similarly fattened by hogging +off corn or gathering it from the excrement of cattle that are being +fattened on it. Swine well grown should make an average gain of a pound +a day. Bacon swine may be best sold at 175 to 200 pounds in weight. Lard +types are usually grown to greater weights. + +Swine breeders have long recognized the value of Pratts Hog Tonic as a +disease preventive and fattener. Progressive breeders now consider it a +necessity in profitable hog raising. + +If a second litter is wanted during a year the sows should be put to the +boar during the first heat after weaning. Many breeders do not like to +pass periods of heat for fear that the sows may become "shy," and there +is little reason why a sow should not have two litters a year. In any +case, the sows should be carried on comparatively light feed until time +to breed again, gaining a little in weight; and their treatment after +breeding should be as already detailed for pregnant sows. + +When the boar arrives at the farm he should be dipped in a solution of +Pratts Dip and Disinfectant, as a matter of ordinary precaution against +the introduction of vermin. As an additional precaution, a quarantine +pen should be ready for him, especially if epizootics are prevalent. His +feed before change of owners should be known, and either adhered to or +changed gradually to suit the new conditions. If he has come from a long +distance it will be well to feed lightly until he is well acclimated. + +[Illustration: ~TAMWORTH PIG~] + +Breeders generally advocate the practice of keeping a boar to himself +during the entire year--out of sight and hearing of the sows. However, a +boar is often allowed to run with the sows after they are safe in pig; +but during the breeding season it is by far the best policy to keep him +by himself, admitting a sow to his yard for mating, and allowing but one +service. The litters will generally be larger and the pigs stronger. + +The boar should not serve more than two sows daily, preferably one in +the morning and one in the afternoon, and can serve 50 to 60 in a season +without difficulty. + +In order to keep the boar in vigorous physical condition, he should be +given Pratts Hog Tonic regularly. The beneficial results will be seen in +the way of larger litters and stronger pigs. + +The greatest drawback to the hog industry which breeders in this country +have to contend against is found in the losses which may be experienced +through the infestation of the animals, especially young pigs, by +parasites, through outbreaks of hog cholera or swine plague, or through +the contraction of tuberculosis. + +[Illustration: ~CHESTER WHITE BOAR~] + +In dealing with the diseases of hogs, preventive measures must be most +relied upon. The animals must be given dry and well-ventilated quarters, +which must be kept clean. Contrary to common belief, hogs have some +habits which raise them above other domestic animals from the +standpoint of cleanliness. For example, unless compelled to do so, a +hog will not sleep in its own filth. If part of the floor of the pen is +raised and kept well bedded with straw, while the rest is not, all +excrement will be left on the unbedded portion of the floor, and the bed +itself will be always clean. + +In addition to cleanliness, close attention should be given to the feed +which is supplied, that nothing may be fed which will convey the germs +of disease, especially tuberculosis, to the herd. If the hogs are fed +milk in any form obtained from cows kept upon the same farm, the cows +should be subjected to the tuberculin test, as by this means all +tuberculous milk may be kept from the hogs. If they run with the cattle +of the farm a tuberculin test of all the cattle is none the less +desirable. Animals dead from any disease should not be fed to the hogs +until the meat has been made safe by cooking. Skim milk or refuse from a +public creamery should not be fed to hogs until it has been thoroughly +sterilized. + +Feeding and drinking places should be clean and the water supply pure. +Unless the origin is known to be uncontaminated and there has been no +possibility of infection during its course, hogs should not be allowed +access to any stream. Wallows should be drained out or kept filled up as +much as possible. At least once a month the quarters should be +disinfected with a solution of Pratts Dip and Disinfectant. These +precautions will be found valuable aids in the destruction of the +various animal parasites, as well as a protection from some more serious +troubles. + +The methods of feeding and management outlined above have been +successfully followed by hog growers for many years. They are +conservative and safe. But during recent years a new method of feeding +has been developed and is being generally adopted, especially by +specialists who make hog growing a real business. This is known as the +"self-fed" plan, under which system feed is kept before the hogs at all +times and they are permitted to eat at will. In poultry feeding this is +called "the dry mash system." + +Just who deserves credit for originating or developing this plan cannot +be stated. That it is a good one is evidenced by the fact that it has +received the endorsement of the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States +Department of Agriculture; of many Agricultural Experiment Stations; of +the specialty swine journals; of practical hog breeders in all sections +of the country. + +For this self-feed plan it is claimed that both feed and labor are +saved, thus reducing production costs. That a 250-pound hog can be grown +in thirty days less time than is possible where slop-feeding is +practiced, thus getting the hogs to market earlier and avoiding danger +of loss during this time. That it produces pork of highest quality, the +meat being fine in flavor, firm, and with lean and fat well distributed. + +Advocates of the self-feeding plan make the following comparison with +the old-time slop-feeding method: + +When dry food is supplied in automatic feeders, the attendant may fill +the feeders at any convenient time of day and that at intervals of +several days. In slop feeding, the meals must be prepared and fed twice +daily, usually when other duties are pressing and time especially +valuable. + +When dry, ground grains are kept before the hogs at all times, they eat +when they feel the need of food and are not liable to overeat at any +time. Because of the dry character of the feed, they eat slowly, +masticating the food thoroughly and mixing it with saliva. This means +more thorough digestion and an absence of indigestion and bowel +troubles. And, of course, quicker growth. + +Slop-fed hogs, on the other hand, get very hungry between meals. At +feeding time they pile up around the troughs, the stronger rushing and +pushing away the weaker ones, those that really need the feed the most. +Then they bolt the food without chewing it, taking all they can hold and +leaving little for those that cannot find a place at the "first table." + +The quality of the dry-fed pork has been mentioned. Equally important, +from the standpoint of the butcher, is the loss in dressing of hogs. +Tests have shown that slop-fed stock loses six to eight pounds more per +hundredweight than does the dry-fed. + +[Illustration: ~BERKSHIRE BOAR~] + +Another big advantage of dry-feeding lies in the fact that large numbers +of swine, including those of various ages and sizes, can be safely kept +in one herd. The writer has seen over two hundred head of swine, ranging +in size from pigs just weaned to 250-pound porkers ready for market, +living in peace and contentment in one building, eating and sleeping and +sharing the forage pastures together. Of course this means a big saving +in buildings and fencing and a great reduction in the amount of +necessary labor. + +The self-feeder may be used all through the life of the hog, beginning +when the pigs are still nursing and continuing until they reach market +weight. During all this time the ration should contain Pratts Hog Tonic, +the guaranteed hog conditioner, in order that at all times the herd may +be maintained in vigorous condition, be kept free from disease, may +avoid wasting feed through imperfect or sluggish digestion, may earn for +the farmer the maximum amount of profit. We suggest that you make a test +of this results-insuring, profit-producing tonic. Watch results. If +_you_ are not satisfied the dealer from whom you purchased the goods +will refund the full amount you paid for them. + +The self-feeding plan of growing hogs gives best results when the +animals are given access to growing forage crops. The feeders may be +placed under cover out in the fields or kept in the hog house if the +latter is reasonably near the pasture lots. An unlimited supply of fresh +water must be available at all times because dry-fed stock drinks many +times the amount of water that slop-fed hogs do. The reason is plain. + +There are many different systems of handling hogs under this plan, +varying according to local conditions. We will give in detail the method +used most successfully for many years on a Pennsylvania farm which each +season markets several hundred hogs of a quality which commands a +premium above current quotations. + +On this farm, particular attention is paid to keeping the hog houses +clean and sanitary, light, sunny and dry. Dampness is always a fertile +source of loss. Further, the houses are never crowded. Each animal is +given plenty of room. + +The brood sows are placed in separate pens at farrowing time and watched +carefully when giving birth to the pigs. They are fed a rich slop, a +small quantity at first, but in gradually increasing amount until they +are receiving enough to insure a big flow of milk. + +When the pigs are eight to ten days of age they are permitted to go at +will to the self-feeder containing a mixture of ground grains. As a +rule, several sows farrow at about the same time and the pens are so +arranged that the pigs from several litters may all use one feeder. + +This arrangement results in the pigs taking more exercise, eating more +food and making more rapid growth. It reduces the danger of thumps and +gives the youngsters a wonderfully strong start in life. + + ++------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| ~MORE PIGS PER HOG--MORE HOG PER PIG~ | +| | +|Big litters of strong-boned, growthy pigs, and rapid growth of pigs from| +|birth to maturity are the natural result of health and vigor of breeding| +|stock and youngsters. Weak, run-down boars and sows produce inferior | +|pigs and usually small litters. And such pigs are not money-makers. | +| | +| ~PRATTS HOG TONIC~ | +| | +|the guaranteed conditioner for swine, overcomes most hog diseases, makes| +|the breeders healthy and vigorous, insures big litters of big pigs, | +|makes the youngsters grow steadily and rapidly from birth to maturity | +|and fatten quickly and economically. | +| | +|Many of the most successful hog-growers will tell you that one secret of| +|their success is the regular use of Pratts Hog Tonic. You should at | +|least test it. No risk on your part because | +| | +| "~YOUR MONEY BACK IF YOU ARE NOT SATISFIED~" | +| | ++------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +[Illustration: Care of Swine] + + +The feed mixture used at this time varies somewhat according to +available supplies and current prices. A sample pig ration is made up as +follows: + + RATION FOR YOUNG PIGS + + Winter wheat middlings 40 lbs. + Hominy meal 40 lbs. + Oil meal 3 lbs. + Whole oats (heavy) 5 lbs. + 60 per cent. Digester tankage 12 lbs. + Fine salt 1/2 lb. + +Mix thoroughly. + +When the pigs are weaned they are placed with the herd, a safe practice +because of the general contentment and quietness and the entire absence +of meal-time stampedes. They quickly adjust themselves to their new +surroundings, and, because accustomed to the use of self-feeders, at +once begin eating the regular hog ration with the rest of the herd. + +In the hog house, enough self-feeders are provided to permit all animals +to eat at will without being crowded. One feeder to each twenty-five +hogs is the rule. + +The hog ration, like the pig ration, varies according to conditions. But +at all times it is palatable and contains feeds which build bone, muscle +and fat. A favorite formula is this: + + RATION FOR GROWING HOGS + + Winter wheat middlings 50 lbs. + Wheat bran 50 lbs. + Corn chop 50 lbs. + Whole oats 10 lbs. + 50 per cent. Digester tankage 20 lbs. + +Soft coal and salt are kept before the herd at all times. The hogs eat +these at will. + +The grazing system is used on this farm. Many different forage crops are +planted, in order to insure a regular succession of succulent feeds. As +each field reaches proper condition for grazing, a hog fence is thrown +around it and the herd admitted. The hogs do all the work of harvesting, +thus securing valuable exercise and at the same time saving man labor. +Under this system the fields have steadily improved in fertility, due to +the turning under of the uneaten green stuff and the direct application +of the valuable hog manure. + +Forage crops vary in different sections of the country. On the farm in +question the earliest forage is rye, followed in rotation by the various +clovers and mixtures of oats, Canada field peas, vetch, soy beans, etc. +Dwarf Essex rape is a favorite crop and one that furnishes a tremendous +amount of forage per acre. + +When the corn crop matures, the larger individuals are given the liberty +of the corn fields and the crop is "hogged down." This again saves a +great amount of hand labor, a big item under existing conditions. + +In the winter, when grazing is out of the question, the herd receives +once daily a liberal feed of second crop alfalfa or clover hay. + +Understand, the feeders containing the dry mixture of ground grains, are +available to the hogs _at all times_. They help themselves at will, day +and night. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _La Fontaine, Ind. + + We have been trying to produce the largest hog in the world and we + have done it! We have a Big Type Poland China hog, that has been + fed 123 days, making a gain of 450 pounds and at this time weighs + over 1200 pounds. We fed him on Pratts Animal Regulator. + + H.E. HENRY._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +When keeping hogs in large herds like this, it is of primary importance +that the most careful attention be paid to sanitation. Pratts Dip and +Disinfectant should be used regularly and thoroughly to protect against +disease germs and vermin. And Pratts Hog Tonic used to keep the hogs in +perfect condition _inside_. + +If sickness appears in the herd the unaffected hogs should at once be +removed to clean, disinfected quarters, preferably without much range, +for by running over pastures they may come in contact with contagion. +Their feed should be carefully regulated, and, if they have previously +been on pasture, should include some green feed, roots, or an abundance +of skim milk. + + ++------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| ~BANISH HOG VERMIN AND DISEASES~ | +| | +|To make a success of hog raising, dipping is almost as essential as | +|feeding. At least it is second only to proper feeding. | +| | +|Lice and vermin, the comfort-destroyers and profit-reducers, and the | +|germs which cause cholera and tuberculosis, are exterminated by the | +|regular use of | +| | +| ~PRATTS DIP AND DISINFECTANT~ | +| | +|Put the hogs and pigs through the dipping vat and spray the quarters and| +|feed receptacles occasionally with a strong solution of the original | +|Pratts Dip and Disinfectant. Result--comfortable, vermin-free and | +|disease-free hogs, less loss, more pork, more money. | +| | +|[Illustration: Pratts Animal Dip] | +| | +|There are other dips that look like the original Pratts, but they are | +|not the same in efficiency. Refuse the substitutes. Use Pratts, the dip | +|you can depend upon. It costs no more but it's worth more! You be the | +|judge-- | +| | +| "~YOUR MONEY BACK IF YOU ARE NOT SATISFIED~" | +| | ++------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + + +The quarters in which the sickness first appeared should be thoroughly +cleaned, all bedding and rubbish burned, and loose boards and old +partitions torn out and burned. If the pen is old, knock it to pieces +and burn it. Disinfect pens and sleeping places using Pratts Dip and +Disinfectant on the floors, walls and ceilings. Whitewash everything. If +a hog dies from any cause, the carcass should never be exposed where it +may be devoured by the other hogs or by passing birds or beasts, but +should be burned at once or buried deeply and the pens thoroughly +disinfected immediately. If possible, do not move the carcass from the +place where it falls; but if this cannot be done the ground over which +it is dragged should be disinfected. Hog-cholera bacilli can live in the +ground for at least three months. Care must be taken to maintain an +absolute quarantine between the sick and well hogs. The same attendant +should not care for both lots unless he disinfects himself thoroughly +after each visit to the infected hogs. Dogs should be confined until the +disease is stamped out. + +Treatment of hogs suffering from cholera or swine plague is not always +satisfactory. The disease runs its course so rapidly that curative +measures are more or less ineffectual, and prevention of an outbreak +should be relied upon rather than the cure of sick animals. Pratts Hog +Tonic has been successful in less virulent outbreaks when administered +as soon as signs of sickness are shown. + +Pratts Hog Tonic should be thoroughly mixed with the feed, which should +be soft, made of bran and middlings, corn meal and middlings, corn meal +and ground and sifted oats, or crushed wheat, mixed with hot water. If +the hogs are too sick to come to the feed, the tonic should be given as +a drench. Pull the cheek away from the teeth and pour the mixture in +slowly. Care should be exercised, as hogs are easily suffocated by +drenching. Do not turn a hog on its back to drench it. + +Hogs often suffer very much from vermin. Lice are introduced from +neighboring herds, and the losses in feeding are often severe, +especially among young pigs, when death is sometimes a secondary if not +an immediate result. When very numerous, lice are a very serious drain +on vitality, fattening is prevented, and in case of exposure to disease +the lousy hogs are much more liable to contract and succumb to it. + +Newly purchased hogs should be carefully examined for vermin, and they +should not be turned out with the herd until they are known to be free +from these pests. + +When the herd is found to be badly infested with lice all bedding should +be burned and loose boards and partitions torn out. Old boards and +rubbish should be burned. The quarters should then be thoroughly +disinfected by spraying with Pratts Dip and Disinfectant. + +Vermin are most common around the ears, inside the legs, and in the +folds of the skin on the jowl sides and flanks. In light and isolated +cases they may be destroyed by washing the hogs with Pratts Dip and +Disinfectant, properly diluted, applied with a broom. + +In severe cases, however, especially where the whole herd is affected, +thorough spraying or dipping should be resorted to. In this case a +dipping tank will be a great convenience. + +Whenever any animals are brought to the farm, or when animals are +brought home from shows or from neighboring farms, they should be kept +apart from the rest of the herd for at least three weeks. If they have +been exposed to hog cholera or swine plague the diseases will be +manifested within this time, and the sick animals can be treated or +killed and disposed of at once. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Galway, N.Y. + + I bought two spring pigs the 15th of April and began feeding them + Pratts Animal Regulator until the 15th of December when I butchered + them. One weighed 415 pounds, the other 420 pounds. I know this + Regulator does what you claim it to do. + + BALDWIN O'BREY._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +If cholera breaks out in the neighborhood the farmer should maintain a +strict quarantine against the infected herds. He should refrain from +visits to farms where they are located, and should insist on requiring +that his neighbors stay out of his hog lots. Visiting of all kinds at +this time should be carefully restricted. Dogs, cats, crows, and +buzzards are very active carriers of infection from farm to farm, and +should be guarded against as far as possible. + +[Illustration: PRATTS PRACTICAL POINTERS] + + +~COMMON DISEASES OF SWINE~ + +(Symptoms and Treatment) + + +~Diarrhoea or Scours~ + +_Cause._--By milk of the dam being affected by feeding of food tainted +with the elements of decay; by making a sudden change in the food; by +some disordered condition in the health of the sow, and by excess of +milk furnished by the dam. + +Usually occurs before the weaning stage, as a rule in swine not yet ten +days old. + +_Symptoms._--Very soft condition of the voidings which are sometimes +almost watery. + +_Treatment._--Being highly contagious, spray the floor thoroughly with +Pratts Disinfectant. Keep the young swine comfortable and remove the +voidings carefully two or three times a day. Correct the food given the +dam, mixing Pratts Hog Tonic with her feed. Also give a small +tablespoonful of sulphur daily to the sow. + + +~Hog Cholera and Swine Plague~ + +Hog Cholera and Swine Plague are very much alike. Both are characterized +by inflammation of stomach and intestines, enlarged and inflamed +lymphatic glands and sloughing of portions of the skin. The treatment +and preventive measures are alike in many respects. + +They are germ diseases, contracted in purchasing swine which may +contract the germs when in transit on cars; by exhibiting at fairs; +through persons who have visited infected herds; through the feet of +dogs and birds to which the germs may have adhered; through the water of +an infected pond or stream. + +The most dangerous source of infection by far is coming in touch with +diseased animals. + +Reduced stamina and filthy quarters favor the spread of these diseases. + + +~Hog Cholera~ + +_Symptoms._--Dullness, loss of appetite or depraved appetite and a +disposition to lie down; constipation or diarrhoea; stiff gait; red +spots or blotches discernible about the ears and under the neck and +belly; in some instances there is difficulty in breathing. + +_Treatment._--Authorities agree that there is no known cure for real hog +cholera. Preventive measures, therefore, are of vital importance. Pratts +Disinfectant should be used frequently and to build up the general +health of the hog, giving it full disease-resisting power, Pratts Hog +Tonic should be added to the ration. Besides, it is a valuable tonic and +fattener. + + +~Swine Plague~ + +_Symptoms._--Extensive inflammation of the lungs, by which it can be +distinguished from hog cholera. There is coughing and labored, painful +and oppressed breathing. + +It frequently comes as a pneumonia or an inflammation of the lungs and +pleural membrane. The animal is in a sleepy and even comatose condition +much of the time. If it walks it staggers. The skin reddens in a marked +degree and the bowels become constipated. This disease, though not +nearly so common as hog cholera is usually very fatal. Preventive +measures, as indicated for hog cholera, are all important. Use Pratts +Hog Tonic as directed and disinfect with Pratts Disinfectant. + + +~Thumps~ + +_Cause._--Too liberal feeding and lack of exercise, resulting in poor +digestion. The diaphragm contracts suddenly at irregular intervals, thus +giving the name to the disease. The pig becomes unthrifty and stunted. +If the sow is a liberal milker, nursing pigs may be affected. Treatment +is usually preventive, consisting of exercise and careful feeding, +Pratts Hog Tonic being added to the feed. + + +~Tuberculosis in Swine~ + +The losses from this disease are beginning to assume enormous +proportions. It results largely from swine drinking the milk of +tuberculous cattle. + +_Symptoms._--Digestive disorders, such as diarrhoea and vomiting; a +stunted condition and a staring coat and breathing more or less labored. + +_Treatment._--There is no positive cure for this severe disease, but +good sanitation is the best preventive. Use Pratts Disinfectant freely +and maintain health and vigor by regularly using Pratts Hog Tonic. + +The importance of testing heads of cattle that may be affected with +tuberculosis is thus further emphasized. + + +~Worms~ + +There is perhaps no other animal troubled to so great an extent or with +so many varieties of worms, as the hog. Indeed it is almost a rule with +some growers when a hog is sick and it cannot be told exactly what is +the matter that they doctor for worms. + +There are four species of worms that live in the intestines of swine, +resulting in more or less harm. The Common Round Worm, Pin Worm and Whip +Worm develop from eggs taken in in food and water. The Thornheaded Worm +develops from a white grub which swine eat. To a great extent these are +kept in check by Pratts Hog Tonic. + +As preventive measures, drain stagnant pools and wet places where these +eggs may be found; plough up yards and pastures; do not feed on floors +not properly cleaned, or on ground that may have been much used for such +feeding; do not give water from a deep well, do not allow the swine to +wallow in the drinking trough. + +_Symptoms._--Frequently a gluttonous appetite without corresponding +improvement in flesh. Again a much impaired appetite is found; diarrhoea +or constipation; excessive itching, causing the animal to rub, +especially the hind parts. These symptoms will only exist when worms are +present in large numbers. + +_Treatment._--Give each adult hog one heaping tablespoonful of Pratts +Worm Powder with the feed once a day for four days. After the last dose +give a bran mash to loosen bowels. + +Repeat this treatment two weeks after the first to insure killing any +worms which may have hatched in the meantime. + +Even if you are not sure that your hogs have worms--as they _probably_ +have--you should use Pratts Worm Powder as above as a matter of +precaution. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Woodsboro, Md. + + I bought four pigs, four months' old, weighing about 16 pounds + each, and, in bad condition. Began to feed Pratts Animal Regulator + and at 5 months' old they averaged a gain of one pound a day per + pig. + + CHARLES W. HOLBRUNER._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + + + +[Illustration: Care of Poultry] + + + +~POULTRY~ + + +"One hundred hens on every farm" was the small number set by the United +States Department of Agriculture in its great war drive for increased +production of foods. And certainly this number of fowls, and many more, +can be easily and profitably maintained on the average farm. Easily, +because under free range conditions, which are possible on the farm they +require but little attention. Profitably, because under these +conditions, where they pick up much of their living, the cost of +production is comparatively low, while eggs and flesh sell at good +prices. Further, these delicious and nutritious foods add variety to the +farm table. + +[Illustration: ~BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS~] + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _South Easton, Mass. + + I have used Pratts Poultry Regulator regularly. + + The egg record for 900 fowls for five months the past winter was as + follows: Dec., 50%; Jan., 43%; Feb., 55%; March, 69%; April, 69%. + The lower record of January was caused by some pullets moulting. + + Would say that fertility of eggs averaged 87% in December to over + 90% later in the spring. + + J.H. RANKIN._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +Many a farmer's wife finds her poultry flock a never-failing source of +pin money. Many a farm girl and boy have secured their education from +faithfully saving the "egg-money." And the opportunities for profit in +this line are now greater than ever before. + + +~Helps for Poultrymen~ + +In a short chapter in a general publication of this kind it is +impossible to go into the finer details of modern methods of poultry +husbandry. For those who desire more information on this subject we have +a big 160-page book, pages 6x9 inches in size, fully illustrated with +150 photos and drawings. The title is "The Poultryman's Complete +Handbook." It's worth a dollar, but we will send you a copy, prepaid, +for only ten cents in stamps or silver. Address your request to Pratt +Food Co., Philadelphia. + +[Illustration: ~WHITE WYANDOTTES~] + +Pratts Poultry Service Department is maintained to give expert +information and advice on poultry topics. There is no charge for this +service. Whenever you get puzzled, write Pratts experts. They will send +you a prompt personal reply containing the information you desire. No +charge, no obligation. Address such letters to Poultry Service +Department, Pratt Food Co., Philadelphia. + +[Illustration: ~S.C. WHITE LEGHORNS~] + + +~Breeds of Poultry~ + +Regardless of breeding and appearance, a heavy layer is a good hen to +own. And laying ability is not confined to any one breed or class of +fowls. There are exceptional layers, dependable profit-payers, in +practically every fair-sized flock, whether made up of standard-bred +stock or mongrels. + +As a general rule, however, standard-bred birds are best. By that term +we mean those which have been bred to meet the typical breed and variety +descriptions as appearing in the official Standard of Perfection which +is published by the American Poultry Association. Such a flock is bound +to be uniform in size, appearance and general characteristics, is easier +to manage properly because of its uniformity, and its products, both +eggs and table poultry, will also be uniform. Further the income from +such a flock may be increased through the sale of eggs for hatching and +of breeding stock at prices many times greater than those of table eggs +and poultry. + +No matter what breed you select, the most important matter, the very +foundation of success, is the securing of _individual birds which are +strong, sturdy, vigorous and healthy_. Only stock of high vitality can +be depended upon to give continuously good results. It is time and money +wasted to keep fowls which are weak, sickly or "run-down," the result +of improper breeding or management. + +As a rule, it is best to select that breed which is most popular +locally, because such popularity indicates that the breed in question +thrives under local conditions and meets the requirements of the local +markets. Further, one has greater opportunities of securing good birds +and a larger market for hatching eggs and stock. + +[Illustration: ~RHODE ISLAND REDS~] + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Clemson College, S.C. + + We have been using Pratts Baby Chick Food and are very well pleased + with it. I think that it is the best baby chick mash on the market + today. + + FRANK C. HARE, Prof. of Poultry Husbandry._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +Among the farmers whose markets demand white-shelled eggs, the S.C. +White Leghorn is the most popular fowl. The Black Minorca is another +favorite. It produces the largest white eggs. + +[Illustration: TOLMAN TYPE HOUSE] + +Where brown-shelled eggs are wanted, the Plymouth Rock, Wyandotte, Rhode +Island Red and Orpington lead. And for the production of the largest +table carcasses the Light Brahma, either pure or crossed with a more +active breed, is a favorite. The live weights of adult birds of these +breeds are as follows: + + Breed. Cock. Hen. + + Leghorns 5 1/2 lbs. 4 lbs. + Black Minorcas 9 lbs. 7 1/2 lbs. + Plymouth Rocks 9 1/2 lbs. 7 1/2 lbs. + Wyandottes 8 1/2 lbs. 6 1/2 lbs. + Rhode Island Reds 8 1/2 lbs. 6 1/2 lbs. + Orpingtons 10 lbs. 8 lbs. + Light Brahmas 12 lbs. 9 1/2 lbs. + +Most of these breeds have varieties, determined by color of plumage or +shape of comb. Select that one which best pleases you. + +[Illustration: UNEVEN SPAN ROOF HOUSE] + + +~Poultry Houses~ + +When locating the poultry house remember that it is a great advantage to +have soil which is light and naturally well drained, since such soil +dries off quickly after a rain and is "much warmer," as poultrymen +express it. Heavy soil, even stiff clay, may be made to serve the +purpose admirably if provision is made to drain off all surface water. +But avoid a site on which water settles in pools, as the surface soon +becomes filthy and is a menace to the health of the flock. + +[Illustration: NEW JERSEY MULTIPLE UNIT HOUSE Two units combined to +house two hundred fowls] + +The birds should have the benefit of several hours of sunshine each day. +So locate the poultry house where the sun can strike it freely. The +shelter of tall buildings on the north, or even on the east or west, is +frequently an advantage during the winter months, but the south side +should be open if conditions permit. Shade trees and large shrubs about +the house are a source of comfort to the fowls during hot weather and +may be used to screen or partially hide the poultry plant. + +The poultry house must be dry, well-ventilated, free from draughts, +light, sunny and cheerful. And if it is planned with reference to the +convenience of the poultryman, so much the better. The most simple and +inexpensive form of construction should be used. In all sections of the +country, excepting the extreme north, a single wall of matched boards on +a light frame is perfectly satisfactory. Unmatched boards with battens +nailed over the cracks or a layer of lightweight roofing paper over all +are equally good. In fact, in case of necessity, one may use the +roughest of lumber, and by covering the entire structure with roofing +paper make a building which is tight and comfortable and acceptable in +appearance. + +The rear and end walls and roof must be _tight_ to insure dryness and +prevent all draughts. Windows and doors may be placed in end walls, but +these should usually be located forward of the center of the building +and made to fit snugly. The rear part of the house, where the roosts are +located, must at all costs be protected against cross-currents of air. + +[Illustration: ROOST] + +The south or front walls, on the other hand, should have ample openings +to admit air and sunshine. The open-front or fresh-air type of house is +much superior to the old tightly closed type. Plenty of fresh air means +comfort, health, vitality and increased production. + +[Illustration: PRATTS PRACTICAL POINTERS] + ++------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| "~PRATTS MAKES HENS LAY~" | +| | +|~What is Pratts Poultry Regulator?~ A positive tonic and conditioner for| +|poultry of all kinds and ages. _A health-builder and health-preserver._ | +|Not a food. | +| | +|~What does it contain?~ Roots, herbs, spices, mineral substances, etc. | +|Each ingredient performs a certain duty. The combination spells "health | +|insurance." | +| | +|~What does it do?~ Pratts Poultry Regulator makes and keeps poultry | +|healthy, vigorous and productive. It shortens the molt, sharpens the | +|appetite, improves digestion and circulation, hastens growth and | +|increases egg-production. _It saves feed_ by preventing waste due to | +|poor digestion. _It prevents disease by_ keeping the birds in condition | +|to resist the common ailments. | +| | +|~Has it been fully tested?~ Yes! In general use for nearly fifty years. | +|The _original_ poultry conditioner. Imitated, but unequalled. | +| | +|~Does it give general satisfaction?~ Positively! _Satisfaction | +|guaranteed or money refunded._ Test it at our risk. Increased egg | +|production will prove that "Pratts makes hens lay." | +| | +|~How is it best used?~ Daily in small quantities. For adults, | +|tablespoonful daily for 10 birds. Younger stock in proportion. Mix with | +|dry or moist mash. | +| | +|~What does it cost?~ Nothing, because _it pays big profits_. About a | +|cent a month per hen is the investment required. | +| | +|~Where can I get it?~ From 60,000 Pratt dealers. There is one near you. | +|Direct from the Pratt Food Co., prepaid, if your dealer can't supply | +|you. | +| | +|[Illustration: PRATTS EGG PRODUCER] | +|[Illustration: PRATTS POULTRY REGULATOR] | +| | +| "~YOUR MONEY BACK IF YOU ARE NOT SATISFIED~" | +| | ++------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + + + +[Illustration: PRATTS PRACTICAL POINTERS] + + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Cincinnati, O. + + I have been using your poultry foods and remedies with the best of + satisfaction and results for the last ten years. + + FRED O. FLAHERTY._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +[Illustration: SIMPLE A-SHAPED HOUSE] + + +From a quarter to a third of the front wall should be left open. Cover +the openings with one-inch mesh wire netting to keep the fowls in and +repel all enemies and food-seeking sparrows. Cloth-covered frames should +be provided to close these openings and keep out driving storms. The +cloth, should be open in texture, as coarse cotton or heavy cheese +cloth, not "boardy" and air-tight. Frames may be left loose to hook or +button on inside or outside, or hinged to the top of the openings and +swung up against the roof when not in use. In some cases, as in the +Tolman house, these openings are never closed, day or night, summer or +winter. + +It is advisable to provide one or more glass windows in addition to the +openings referred to above in order to admit light when the +cloth-covered frames are closed. The windows may be placed in either the +front wall or the side walls. In the latter case the sun is admitted to +the building more hours each day, which is a big advantage during the +fall and winter months. + +Poultry house floors may be of cement, boards or earth. Cement is best +for large, permanent structures. Board floors are excellent in houses of +any size and are almost a necessity in small ones which may be moved +frequently. Earth floors seem to be favored by the fowls, but if used +the earth should be filled in to bring the floor level several inches +above the surrounding ground. This to insure dryness. + +The accompanying cuts show typical designs of satisfactory poultry +houses. When building, just bear the above principles in mind and the +results will be satisfactory. + +The Tolman type is a strictly "fresh air" or "open front" house. For a +flock of thirty to forty birds this house should be ten feet wide, +sixteen feet front to back, seven feet to peak of roof, front wall four +feet and rear wall five feet high. The highest point of roof is five +feet from the rear wall. + +The entire south side is a wire-covered opening, save for boards placed +as shown in the cut. A full-sized door is located in the east wall +opposite the window in the west side. Roosts are placed near the north +wall, level with or slightly above the front opening. + +[Illustration: V-SHAPED FEED TROUGH] + +[Illustration: NEST BOX] + +[Illustration: DRY MASH HOPPER] + +[Illustration: GRIT OR SHELL HOPPER] + +[Illustration: WATER BUCKET] + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Port Dover, Canada. + + After a long experience I find Pratts Poultry Regulator to be + absolutely the best tonic to keep a flock of poultry in condition. + Just as soon as I find a pen is not doing well, I use the Regulator + in their mash. Almost immediately I notice their appetites improve, + their combs redden and they lay better. I have also made trial of + your other remedies and I find them all absolutely reliable. + + JOHN S. MARTIN_ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +For a flock of one hundred or more birds the New Jersey Multiple Unit +Laying House is to be recommended. Each unit is twenty feet square, +accommodating a hundred fowls. Similar units may be added for each +hundred additional birds. The drawing on page 48 shows two units. + +In this house the front studs are nine feet high, rear studs are four +and a half feet high. + +Simple, inexpensive furnishings are best. The cuts show home-made +equipment which will meet all practical requirements. + + +~Getting the Eggs~ + +Early-hatched, well-matured pullets are the most dependable layers +during the fall and early winter months. Some few yearling hens may +continue to lay fairly well during their molting period, but, as a rule, +egg production drops with the feathers and does not begin until the new +coat of plumage is completed and the system readjusted. So yearlings, +taken as a whole, do little toward filling the egg-basket until January +or later. + +Get the early-hatched pullets into winter quarters by late September or +early October before they begin to lay. But be sure the house is fully +prepared in advance. Clean house! Disinfect thoroughly with a strong +solution of Pratts Poultry Disinfectant. Kill every germ. Avoid possible +loss. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Cherokee, Iowa. + + I have used Pratts Poultry Regulator for the last twenty years and + always had the best of results. It is a great egg producer and the + best feed to keep little chicks strong and guard off that terrible + disease, bowel complaint. In fact, I cannot do without it. + + GEO. WM. LYON._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +~Get Fall and Winter Eggs~ + +It is most desirable that the flock begin egg production before the +weather becomes severe. Get the laying habit established while the +season is favorable, and it is comparatively easy to maintain it. And, +as production will not commence until the layers are fully matured, the +pullets must be hatched early to give ample time for them to make the +needed growth. + +As a rule, it takes about seven months to mature pullets of the general +purpose breeds and six months for the egg breeds. Therefore, March and +April chicks of the former, and April and May chicks of the latter, are +most valuable. This is a general rule. Some poultrymen are experts in +this matter of growing chicks and can bring them to laying maturity in +less time. + +If disease appears take instant action to check it. Delay of a day or +two may permit an epidemic to get well started. In order to enable you +to give proper treatment without delay you may well keep a stock of +Pratts Poultry Remedies on hand. + +[Illustration: APPLYING LICE POWDER] + +Give every bird a thorough treatment for lice. Work Pratts Powdered Lice +Killer all through the plumage. This will fix the lice, but will not +kill the eggs. In anticipation of the latter hatching, rub Pratts Lice +Salve in the small feathers about the vent and beneath the wings. That +means death to the young lice as they appear, but to make sure, apply +the salve at intervals of a few weeks. + +Don't overcrowd the house. Better have a hundred hens comfortable and +laying than double the number crowded and loafing. + +Leave all ventilating openings wide open. Keep them open until winter +storms make more protection necessary. During the summer months the +pullets have had plenty of fresh air. To bring them into a warm, tightly +closed house is to invite general debility and an epidemic of colds, +catarrh, roup and other allied diseases. (Pratts Roup Remedy dissolved +in the drinking water every few days, especially during changes of +weather, will help to prevent such troubles.) + +Keep the house clean. Remove the litter from the floor as soon as it +becomes damp or soiled and replace with new, fresh material. Clean the +droppings boards at frequent intervals. Wash with Pratts Poultry +Disinfectant or scald the food and water dishes. Disinfect the whole +house every few weeks, taking advantage of sunny weather so quick drying +will follow. Disease causes loss--disinfection prevents disease. +Therefore, DISINFECT whether you see need of it or not. + + +~Poultry Feeding~ + +The more food the birds eat beyond bodily requirements the greater the +amount of the salable products they create. Any hen that is a natural +layer will turn the surplus food into eggs. If she is naturally a meat +producer she will build flesh or take on fat. And the sooner the fat +producers are identified and removed from the laying flock, the better +for all concerned. Your birds will not "get too fat to lay"--they will +get fat if they don't lay. And _the big problem is to induce the layers +to eat as much food as they can digest_ in order that they may lay +heavily and steadily. + +To overcome all possible danger of overfeeding, Pratts Poultry Regulator +should be regularly added to the mash. This natural tonic and +conditioner contains appetizers, to stimulate the desire for +food--digestives, to insure complete digestion and assimilation of the +food consumed--laxatives, to regulate the bowels--internal antiseptics, +to keep the entire digestive tract in a condition of perfect +health--worm destroyers, to expel irritating and dangerous intestinal +parasites. + +Regularly used, Pratts Poultry Regulator insures freedom from the more +common poultry disorders, reduces feed bills by preventing feed waste +due to sluggish digestion, hastens growth, improves the egg-yield, +shortens the molt, makes the entire flock more efficient, swells the +profits. + +Pratts Poultry Regulator should be added to the mash at the rate of one +and three-quarters pound to each hundred pounds of mash. Mix thoroughly +so each layer will get her share. The ideal poultry ration is a varied +one. It contains mineral matter, green food, animal food and grains. The +absence of any one of these groups of foodstuffs means a reduced egg +yield. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _I am both selling and feeding Pratts Poultry Regulator, and make a + specialty of high-bred Buff Orpingtons. Twelve cockerels, worth + from $20 to $75 each, were all placed in healthy condition by use + of Pratts Poultry Regulator and their quarters disinfected with + Pratts Disinfectant. + + W.H. TOPP, Westgate, Iowa._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +The staple grain feeds are corn, oats, wheat, barley and buckwheat. The +grain by-products, bran, middlings and gluten feed, to which may be +added corn meal, ground oats and ground barley. + +Animal food of some kind is an essential to growth and egg-production. +Skim milk and butter milk, fish scrap made from oil-free fish, beef +scrap, fresh cut green bone and good grades of digester tankage are all +excellent. But use only feeds of this character which are of prime +quality. Oily fish, poor beef scrap and mouldy green bone will surely +cause trouble. + +Fowls on range during the growing season will pick up all needed green +food. In the winter one may feed cabbages, mangel wurtzels, beets, +carrots, etc. Or, if fresh stuff is not available, heavy oats may be +sprouted and fed when the sprouts are two or three inches long. Dried +beet pulp, a dairy food made at beet sugar factories, is a convenient +green food. It must be well soaked before feeding. + +One saves much time, and not infrequently some money, by buying +ready-mixed feeds, especially dry mash. In, making such purchases, be +guided by _quality_ rather than price. Adopt some brand made by a +reputable concern and give it a fair trial. But do not hesitate to +change if a better brand becomes available. Just try Pratts Milk Egg +Mash. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Kingston, R.I. + + I have used your Baby Chick Food with the best success and would + gladly recommend it to anyone wanting such food. I do not only use + it for baby chicks, but for those 5-7 weeks' of age. + + C.E. BRETT, Rhode Island State College Dept. of Poultry Service._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +~Feeding Dry Mash~ + +The most simple and generally satisfactory feeding method is the dry +mash system. Feed a certain amount of the scratch mixture--whole and +cracked grains--each day and permit the fowls to complete the daily +ration by eating dry mash--ground grains--at will. Keep mash before them +in open hoppers and let them help themselves. + +The mash, because of its high protein content, is the real egg-maker. +And during recent years there has been a tendency toward restricting the +scratch feed and inducing the layers to eat more mash. Results seem to +indicate that this plan is best, increasing the yield and reducing feed +costs. + +The laying ration now recommended by the New Jersey Agricultural +Experiment Station is simple and efficient. This ration is made as +follows: + + ~Dry Mash~ lbs. + + Wheat Bran 100 + Wheat Middlings 100 + Ground Oats (heavy) 100 + Corn Meal 100 + + ~High-grade Fish Scrap or Meat~ + + Scrap 100 + + + ~Scratch Grain~ lbs. + + Cracked Corn 200 + Wheat 100 + Oats (heavy) 100 + Barley 100 + +The same institution has perfected the following feeding table showing +what amount of scratch feed should be given the layers daily each month +in the year. This is a most valuable guide, especially to the +inexperienced poultryman. When the birds are fed scratch grain, as +indicated, they will naturally eat enough mash from the open hoppers to +meet their requirements. + + ~Amount of Grain to Feed Layers Each Month in the Year~ + + Months Amount Per Day Per Pounds For Each + 100 Birds Feeding + A.M. P.M. + November 12 lbs. 4 lbs. 8 lbs. + December 12 " 4 " 8 " + January 12 " 4 " 8 " + February 12 " 4 " 8 " + March 12 " 4 " 8 " + April 12 " 4 " 8 " + May 10 " 4 " 6 " + June 10 " 4 " 6 " + July 8 " 3 " 5 " + August 6 " 2 " 4 " + September 5 " 2 " 3 " + October 5 " 2 " 3 " + +Study this question of mash and grain consumption, for if your birds are +not getting enough protein mash, they cannot lay eggs in larger numbers. + + * * * * * + + +~Hatching the Chicks~ + +For layers or broilers, hatch chicks early. For late markets and home +use, you may bring off hatches at intervals throughout the entire +summer. + +The incubator and brooder are big helps where many chicks are hatched. +Pratts Poultry Service Department will gladly advise you regarding makes +of such machines which are giving general satisfaction. + +Just a word of caution. Operate incubators and brooders in accordance +with the directions furnished by the maker. Go slow in making changes. + +Sitting hens are very satisfactory if properly handled. Use only quiet, +motherly sitters and place them where they will not be troubled by the +rest of the flock. Feed whole grain and a little green food and supply +plenty of water. + +Dust the sitting hens occasionally with Pratts Powdered Lice Killer so +they won't hatch a brood of lice with the chicks. And paint the nest +boxes with Pratts Red Mite Special to keep the blood-thirsty mites away. + + +~Growing the Chicks~ + +Little chicks must be attended to no matter what else is done, because +lack of intelligent care in early life will be reflected in poor +performance when the chicks reach maturity. One can seldom, if ever, +offset the mistakes of brooding time by the best of attention later on. + +Protect your chicks against the weather, against their various enemies, +against diseases, against lice and mites. Keep them comfortable and +happy. Start them right, keep them growing steadily until they attain +their full size. + +Protection against unfavorable weather conditions--rain, cold winds, +blazing sun--is secured by providing well-built coops and natural or +artificial shade. Coops should be weather-proof, but well ventilated, +and so located that surface water from sudden showers cannot flood their +floors. They should also be sufficiently roomy to keep the flock happy +during long hours of confinement in periods of stormy weather. + +Chick enemies include those that do their work in the coops, usually at +night, as rats, weasels and skunks, and those that prey upon the flock +when it is at liberty, as cats, dogs, crows and hawks. + +Protection against the former is found in proper construction of the +coops, which should have tight floors and fine wire netting over +openings left open at night. A good dog will discourage these night +prowlers and steel traps placed at strategic points will often put a +quick end to their activities. + +Protection against ordinary diseases lies in keeping the little birds +strong and vigorous through proper feeding, exercise, etc., and by close +attention to sanitation. Keep the quarters and food and water dishes +_clean_. Use Pratts Poultry Disinfectant at frequent intervals. + +[Illustration: A-SHAPED COOP] + +Aim to _prevent_ rather than _cure_ disease. Should there be any +evidence of bowel trouble, give Pratts White Diarrhoea Remedy in the +drinking water. Don't let the condition become chronic or general. In +"sour weather," when colds may be expected to appear, use Pratts Roup +Remedy in the drinking water. + +Lice and mites work practically unseen, but they are the source of heavy +loss, both directly and indirectly. In extreme cases they actually kill +many chicks. + + ++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| "~BABY FOOD FOR BABY CHICKS~" | +| | +|~Pratts~ Buttermilk Baby Chick Food raises every good chick. It won't | +|prevent losses from accidents, but it does prevent death from digestive| +|troubles and the more common chick disorders which are so often due to | +|improper feeding. | +| | +|The original Baby Chick Food--PRATTS--contains all the food elements | +|required to build muscle, bone and feather, to nourish the whole body, | +|to give that strong start in life which assures rapid growth, even | +|development and profitable maturity. | +| | +|Feed the original Pratts for the first three weeks--the critical | +|period--at least; it may profitably be used much longer. Refuse | +|substitutes and imitations. These may be slightly less in _first cost_,| +|but in _results_, as measured by _number_ and _quality_ of chicks | +|_reared_, Pratts Buttermilk Baby Chick Food is | +| | +| ~The Cheapest Food on Earth~ | +| | +| "~YOUR MONEY BACK IF YOU ARE NOT SATISFIED~" | +| | ++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ + + + + +[Illustration: PRATTS PRACTICAL POINTERS] + + + +~POULTRY~ + + +Early in life, when two to four days old, all chicks should be treated +with Pratts Head Lice Ointment. Rub a little of the mild preparation on +top of the head, under the throat and beneath the wings. At the same +time dust with Pratts Powdered Lice Killer. Treat the mother hens most +thoroughly, substituting Pratts Lice Salve for the ointment. When the +youngsters are ten days old, treat them again, this time using the +salve. And repeat the treatment at reasonably frequent intervals to +insure complete freedom from the trouble makers. + +The deadly blood-sucking mites do not live on the bodies of the birds, +but make their homes in cracks and crevices of walls and floors of the +coops. Attack them there. Clean coops carefully, then spray or wash +walls and floors with Pratts Red Mite Special. Repeat as necessary. That +will fix 'em. But you had best do the work on a bright, sunny day when +the flock can be kept outside until the coop dries. + + +~Feeding the Chicks~ + +Do not feed chicks for forty-eight hours after hatching. In fact, you +may safely wait until they are seventy-two hours old before giving them +their first meal. Nature has provided for nourishment during this period +and it is best not to upset things. + +If possible, start the youngsters off on their life's journey with a +drink of _sour milk_. Let them have sour milk to drink exclusively for +the first ten days at least, and give it to them all through life, if +this excellent food drink is available. + +The principal feed for the first three weeks and profitably for a much +longer time should be Pratts Buttermilk Baby Chick Food, a real "baby +food for baby chicks," a mixture which is properly balanced in +composition and in the right mechanical condition to insure quick +digestion. As chicks eat so little during this period, as measured by +pounds, one is fully justified in paying a relatively high price per +pound for this special feed which will give them a strong, vigorous +start and put their digestive organs in proper condition to efficiently +use less expensive foods when food consumption becomes heavy. + +The ideal baby chick food, Pratts, is made of a variety of foodstuffs so +blended as to supply, in proper proportion, the nutrients required to +build flesh, bone and feather. It is ground exceedingly fine so it may +be consumed freely and yet not tax the digestive organs. Obviously such +a feed cannot satisfactorily be prepared at home, which explains the +rapidly growing demand which has arisen for Pratts Buttermilk Baby Chick +Food during recent years. + +For the first day or two, feed Pratts Buttermilk Baby Chick Food +exclusively at intervals of two to three hours. At first, spread it upon +a shingle or piece of board. Later place it in little troughs or shallow +dishes. Let the chicks eat a reasonable amount, what they will take in +twenty to thirty minutes, then remove it. Supply a bit of fine, bright +grit during this time. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Rohrerstown, Pa. + + I have used the Baby Chick Food this season and have had excellent + results. I find it to meet all requirements. It makes rapid growth + and at the same time maintains vigor. + + L.B. SPRECHER, Director, Penna. State Poultry Association._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +The second or third day after feeding has begun, cut out a meal or two +of the baby chick food and instead sprinkle a little regulation chick +feed (scratch feed) in the litter. There are many good brands of such +feed on the market. If preferred, one may be made as follows: + + ~Scratch Feed for Chicks~ + + Cracked Wheat 15 lbs. + Fine Cracked Corn 15 lbs. + Pinhead Oats 10 lbs. + Broken Rice 3 lbs. + Charcoal 2 lbs. + +At the beginning of the second week the scratch feed may be given three +times daily, just the quantity they will clean up and hunt for more, and +the baby chick food left in open hoppers or dishes to which the chicks +may run at will. By this time, too, grit may safely be left in open +hoppers before the flock. And if milk is not given freely it is well to +supply some additional animal food each day. Fine fish scrap or beef +scrap--always of high quality--may be fed sparingly in troughs or on +pieces of board. Do not feed too much of this material. If bowel trouble +develops, reduce the quantity of animal food. The amount given may be +increased progressively as the youngsters gain in size. + +While Pratts Baby Chick Food need not be fed longer than the first three +weeks, it is good practice to continue its use for two to three weeks +longer. But at any time after the critical twenty-one day period one may +safely begin to substitute a somewhat coarser and heavier developing or +growing mash for the baby chick food. We advise the use of Pratts +Buttermilk Growing Mash. Here is a good home-made mixture: + + ~Growing or Developing Mash~ + + Cornmeal 10 lbs. + Wheat Bran 20 lbs. + Feeding Flour 10 lbs. + Fine Ground Oats, Sifted 10 lbs. + Fine Fish or Beef Scrap 10 lbs. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _"The regular use of Pratts Poultry Regulator in the ration for + growing chicks prevents deaths from common disease, increases the + appetite and hastens growth. This means less loss, earlier laying + or market maturity, bigger profits. + + P.G. PLATT, Sec. Delaware Co. Poultry Assn., Wallingford, Pa._" + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +At six to eight weeks of age, or as soon as the youngsters can +comfortably eat coarser grains, the fine scratch feed may be replaced by +a coarser mixture. Equal parts, by weight, of cracked corn and wheat, +form the basis of this, with barley, heavy oats, kafir corn and +buckwheat added for variety if available at reasonable prices. When the +flock is weaned and well feathered, the regular laying mash may be +substituted for the growing mash, though the latter may well be +continued for a much longer period. + +Above all things, see to it that nothing but feed of superior quality is +supplied. Moldy, chaffy, grains and weed seeds may be _cheaper to buy_ +than sweet, sound materials, but the latter are _cheaper to feed_. + +Begin giving green food when the chicks are three or four days old, +cutting it up finely so they can eat it. And continue to feed greens +liberally at all times. It's good for the health and cuts feed bills, +too. + + +~Care of the Growing Chicks~ + +As the chicks grow, provide larger quarters if the original coops are at +all crowded. And teach the youngsters to roost early, especially where +brooders are used, so they will not "pile up" in corners when the heat +is removed. When the brood is five to six weeks of age place low roosts, +lath tacked on six to eight-inch boards, in the coops. The sturdier +individuals will soon learn to use them and educate the rest of the +flock. + +Pay special attention to the water supply. Have clean water available +at all times. And do not leave the water dishes in the sun, which will +quickly make the water so warm that it is unfit to drink. + +Give the growing pullets as much space, indoors and out, as you possibly +can. Feed them liberally. Keep them clean and comfortable. In every way +help them gain the health, strength and vigor which they must have in +order to do full duty in the laying and breeding pens. + +Finally, cull your flock without mercy, beginning at hatching time and +continuing to the end. If any baby chicks are crippled or weak, dispose +of them at once. As the flock grows, mark--by toe punching or +otherwise--all individuals which show evidence of being lacking in +vigor, which are stunted or do not make rapid growth, which fail to +feather properly, which are ever noticeably sick. Then rush them to +market as soon as they reach the proper weight. Thus you will save for +your own use only those which are physically right, which have the +health and stamina that will enable them to stand up under the strain of +continuous egg-production. And such a flock, after it has undergone the +further culling of a year in the laying pen, will give you breeding +birds capable of producing worthwhile chicks. + + +~Poultry Diseases~ + +Prevention of disease is most essential. And the first step consists of +carefully selecting the birds which will he given a place in the flock, +retaining only those which are healthy and vigorous, and rejecting the +weaklings and physically unfit. The next step is to keep the birds in a +high state of vitality through proper management and keep contagious and +infectious diseases away by adopting the necessary sanitary measures. + +Fresh air, wholesome food and clean water are essential. Equally +necessary is the use of Pratts Poultry Regulator, which keeps the birds +in perfect condition internally and so prevents such self-developed +disorders as indigestion, constipation, and the like. + +Most of the serious diseases which take heavy toll of carelessly managed +flocks are due to germs of various kinds. These may be introduced in +many different ways, and when present in the flock they multiply and +spread with great rapidity. Cleanliness and sanitation will largely +overcome them, and as each fowl is worth so much money under present +conditions, it is really economical to prevent loss even at the expense +of some time and of germ-killing preparations. + +Pratts Poultry Disinfectant costs but a trifle. A gallon, diluted with +water, makes fifty gallons of a powerful disinfectant, one that is +highly efficient, but both safe and pleasant to use. Spray the house and +furnishings and wash feed and water containers at frequent intervals +with this economical germ-killer. Results will surely be seen in +healthier, more productive birds, less trouble and less loss from +disease. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Staunton, Va. + + I would not have tried to raise expensive poultry without Pratts + products in my house. While I was a boy at home we always had a + supply of Pratts on hand. + + I find that my success is due to the use of the Pratts products + kept constantly on the shelf. + + H.L. CAMPBELL._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +In this condensed book we can discuss only the more general disorders. +The subject is covered thoroughly in Chapter IX, The Poultryman's +Complete Handbook, including directions for equipping a hospital, +administering medicine, symptom and treatment chart, diagrams of the +fowl's digestive system and skeleton, control of poultry vices, etc. +Send a dime, in silver or stamps, for a copy, to Pratt Food Co., +Philadelphia. + +If necessary, do not hesitate to consult the poultry experts connected +with Pratts Poultry Service Dept. They will give you personal help +without charge. In writing, give all symptoms and necessary facts. +Address such letters to our Philadelphia office. + +It is important that diseases of all kinds be recognized as early as +possible, and equally so that immediate treatment be given. + +Watch your birds! If any show signs of being out of condition, examine +them carefully to determine the trouble. Then give them the care which +is demanded in each case. Quick treatment will often effect a speedy +cure of a valuable bird that might be lost if the disease became firmly +established. + +Pratts Poultry Remedies include dependable preparations for most common +poultry diseases. They are guaranteed to give satisfaction and are +inexpensive. Keep a supply on hand. Use promptly as occasion demands. +The saving of a single good laying or breeding fowl by instant treatment +will more than pay the cost of a well-stocked poultry medicine shelf. + + +~POULTRY LICE AND MITES~ + +~Body Lice~--There are many different kinds of these parasites and all +are serious trouble makers. They cause endless annoyance, check growth +and egg production. Lice-free fowls are healthier and more comfortable, +therefore more productive and profitable. + + ++------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| ~GUARANTEED POULTRY REMEDIES~ | +| | +|~Pratts~ line of Guaranteed Poultry Remedies is the result of fifty | +|years of experience. Each preparation is positively the best of its | +|kind. Keep a supply on hand for instant use. | +| | +|~PRATTS ROUP REMEDY (Tablets or Powder)~ | +| | +|A sure preventive and cure for roup, colds, canker, catarrh and similar | +|diseases. | +| | +|~PRATTS GAPE REMEDY~ | +| | +|Guaranteed to bring prompt relief. Use as a preventive the first four | +|weeks and your chicks will not be troubled with gape-worms. | +| | +|~PRATTS SORE-HEAD CHICKEN-POX REMEDY~ | +| | +|A guaranteed cure for this highly contagious disease. Don't risk having | +|your entire flock ruined. Keep it on hand for quick use when the ailment| +|is first noticed. | +| | +|~PRATTS BRONCHITIS REMEDY~ | +| | +|A quick and effective remedy. Fully guaranteed for a disease that is | +|generally fatal unless promptly checked. | +| | +|~PRATTS WHITE DIARRHOEA REMEDY~ | +| | +|Will save the chicks and cure completely when used promptly. Valuable in| +|preventing the heavy chick losses usually experienced. | +| | +|~PRATTS CHOLERA REMEDY~ | +| | +|A sure remedy for cholera, indigestion, sour crop, dysentery, and bowel | +|trouble. Guaranteed to satisfy or money refunded. | +| | +|~PRATTS SCALY LEG REMEDY~ | +| | +|This disease impairs the vitality of the birds and ruins their | +|appearance. Pratts remedy will keep the legs clean and healthy. | +| | +|~PRATTS CONDITION TABLETS~ | +| | +|An effective remedy for "run-down" birds. Keeps show birds in condition | +|and prevents colds, roup and liver trouble. | +| | +| "~YOUR MONEY BACK IF YOU ARE NOT SATISFIED~" | +| | ++------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +_Treatment_--If all poultrymen would use Pratts Powdered Lice Killer on +their poultry, lice would be unknown. It is different and better than +many like preparations, being stronger, non-poisonous, has great +disinfecting qualities, and positively kills all kinds of chicken lice. +If you want to make money from your poultry you can't afford to be +without it. Pratts Poultry Disinfectant, or the more powerful Pratts Red +Mite Special, should also be used in the poultry houses. Lice seek +crevices, cracks, openings, etc., that can only be reached by the +liquid. This should be sprayed or sprinkled on perches, nest boxes, drop +boards, floors and inside walls of all poultry houses. It not only kills +lice, but has great disinfecting value. Do not accept a substitute. + +Pratts Lice Salve is a sure-fire lice killer in another form. Apply to +the feathers beneath the wings and around the vent and quick results +will be noticed. A single application will be effective for a +considerable time. + +~Head Lice~--The big grey lice commonly found on heads of little chicks, +causing great mortality. + +_Treatment_--Keep on hand all the time a box of Pratts Head Lice +Ointment, and use it on your little chicks, and save their lives. Two or +three days before the brood should hatch, sprinkle the sitting hen +thoroughly with Pratts Powdered Lice Killer. + +~Poultry Mites (Red Mites)~--These tiny parasites are poultry killers. +They do not live on the bodies of the birds, but in cracks and crevices +of the building, coming out for their food. They suck the blood from the +fowls, weakening and often killing them. + +_Treatment_--Look around roosts and in cracks in warm weather and you +are apt to see hundreds of mites. Every week spray perches, dropping +boards, sides of houses, and roof near perches with Pratts Red Mite +Special; powder birds with Pratts Powdered Lice Killer, and also add +this to the dust bath. + +~Depluming Mites~--Parasites that attack the roots or base of feathers +which break off leaving bare spots. Will quickly spread through an +entire flock. Usually found in spring and summer. + +_Treatment_--Separate all affected birds from the rest of flock. Rub +Pratts Head Lice Ointment on and around the bare spots every few days, +until the mites have all been destroyed. Spray houses, roofs, runs, +etc., with Pratts Poultry Disinfectant. Persistent treatment is +necessary to get rid of these pests. + + +~THE MORE COMMON POULTRY DISEASES~ + +~Symptoms and Treatment~ + +~Apoplexy~--_Cause:_ Fowls too fat, general poor condition. _Symptoms:_ +Paralysis, sudden death. Birds frequently found dead under roosts. +_Treatment:_ Affected birds will not usually respond to treatment. +Flocks should be treated to prevent further loss. Reduce the amount of +feed, give less corn, supply Pratts Poultry Regulator to improve general +condition. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Reading, Pa. + + Have been using your poultry remedies for many years. Have used + your Baby Chick Food and had wonderful results. I think it is + great. I also use your Disinfectant, Lice Powder and Roup Remedy. + + WM. FAUST_ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +~Aspergilosis~--_Cause:_ Growth of mould in air passages. _Symptoms:_ +Rapid breathing, rattling in throat, loss of weight, dragging wings, +weakness, exhaustion. In chicks, sleepiness, diarrhoea, yellowish growth +on lungs. _Treatment:_ Avoid mouldy grain and litter to keep flock free +from infection. Disinfect with Pratts Poultry Disinfectant. Put flock in +condition with Pratts Poultry Regulator. + +~Bacillary White Diarrhoea~--_Cause:_ Bacteria. The disease may be +inherited from hens having infected ovaries, or pass from chick to +chick. _Symptoms:_ Chicks have diarrhoea, usually white or creamy. +Sleepy, chilly, thin, rough plumage, drooping wings. Heaviest mortality +under three weeks of age. _Treatment:_ Badly infected chicks should be +killed. Prevent epidemics by disinfecting everything with Pratts Poultry +Disinfectant. Give Pratts White Diarrhoea Remedy in drinking water. Give +chicks strong start by feeding Pratts Baby Chick Food. + +~Bronchitis~--_Cause:_ Development of common cold, breathing in dust. +_Symptoms:_ Cough, rapid breathing, whistling, rattling and bubbling in +throat. _Treatment:_ Keep patient dry, give laxative, treat with Pratts +Bronchitis Remedy. + +~Canker~--_Cause:_ Development of pus germs following injury or +digestive troubles. _Symptoms:_ Cheesy growths in mouth and throat. +_Treatment:_ Scrape off canker and swab with full strength Pratts +Poultry Disinfectant. Improve general condition with Pratts Poultry +Regulator. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Summerville, S.C. + + I have used Pratts White Diarrhoea Remedy, and I wish to say that I + have had some chicks that started with the white diarrhoea and I + have given them the tablets in their drinking water, and have not + had any trouble since. They are growing fine. + + R.C. FOSTER._ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + +~Catarrh~--_Cause:_ Draughts, dampness, exposure. _Symptoms:_ Thin +discharge from eyes and nostrils, sneezing, difficult breathing, +dullness. _Treatment:_ Pratts Condition Tablets to quickly tone up the +system and Pratts Roup Remedy to overcome the disease. + +~Chicken Pox or Sore Head~--_Cause:_ Bacteria. _Symptoms:_ Eruption on +unfeathered areas of head. At first small and gray in color, increasing +until head is covered with scabs. Eyes frequently closed. _Treatment:_ +Disinfect most thoroughly with Pratts Poultry Disinfectant. Treat with +Pratts Sore Head (Chicken Pox) Remedy. + +~Cholera~--_Cause:_ Bacteria. _Symptoms:_ Weakness, thirst, head drawn +down, drooping wings, intense thirst, frequently full crops, yellow or +green diarrhoea. _Treatment:_ Give Pratts Chicken Cholera Remedy to +whole flock as remedy and preventive. Improve general health with Pratts +Poultry Regulator. Disinfect most carefully and frequently. Burn all +dead birds and everything taken from poultry house. A most difficult +disease to control if it gets established. + +~Gapes~--_Cause:_ Small Y-shaped worm, about one-half inch long. May be +either pale or red in color. Attaches itself to interior walls of +windpipe, weakening the chick by sucking the blood, and also causing +strangulation. This apparently double-headed worm is really two worms, +one of each sex, joined together. _Symptoms:_ Usually afflicts young +chicks. Frequent gasping; gaping; coughing; discharge of mucus and worms +from throat. _Treatment:_ Use Pratts Gape Remedy. Disinfect floors of +coops and runs with Pratts Disinfectant. Move to new ground and keep +chicks off wet grass. + +~Intestinal Parasites (Worms)~--_Symptoms:_ Dullness, poor condition. +Worms found in droppings. _Treatment:_ Fowls regularly receiving Pratts +Poultry Regulator are almost invariably free from this trouble. See +details of individual treatment in The Poultryman's Complete Handbook. + +~Leg Weakness (Chicks)~--_Cause:_ Feed lacking in bone and animal +matter; close confinement; lack of exercise; over-heating in brooders. +_Symptoms:_ Chicks walk in a wobbly, weak-kneed fashion, often resting +or hobbling along on the joints. _Treatment:_ Feed young chicks on +Pratts Baby Chick Food. Give fair amount of beef or fish scrap and bone +meal. Afford opportunity for exercise, especially on the ground. Avoid +bottom heat in brooders. Feed liberally on green food. Add small +quantity Pratts Poultry Regulator to the ration. + +~Liver Disease~--_Cause:_ Improper food, as overfeeding of corn or +animal food, lack of exercise, general inactivity of intestinal tract. +_Symptoms:_ No prominent ones. If flock is not doing well and birds are +lazy and sluggish, kill one or more and examine the livers. If found +diseased, treat the flock. _Treatment:_ Use Pratts Poultry Regulator to +improve general condition. Feed plenty of green food. Disinfect the +buildings, and admit a big volume of fresh air. Induce the birds to +exercise. + +~Rheumatism~--_Cause:_ Exposure to dampness, and cold. _Symptoms:_ +Swelling of joints, stiffness, lameness. _Treatment:_ Make house dry and +sunny. Use Pratts Poultry Regulator to improve general condition. Rub +affected parts with Pratts Liniment. (This fine liniment should be in +every household. It has a hundred uses.) + +~Roup~--_Symptoms:_ Bad-smelling discharge from the nostrils; sticky +discharge from the eyes; feathers under wings and on back smeared and +sticky, where bird has wiped its head; sometimes coughing and sneezing; +eyes stuck shut; eyes closed and swollen out; mouth forced open by +cheesy growth; patches of canker in mouth and throat. _Treatment:_ The +disease is very contagious. Remove all birds showing symptoms. Clean up +and disinfect the quarters, using Pratts Disinfectant liberally. Give +sick and well birds Pratts Roup Remedy. Give the healthy flock Pratts +Poultry Regulator. Treat the sick with Pratts Condition Tablets in +addition to the Roup remedy. Burn all dead birds and all material +removed from the hospital. + +~Scaly Leg~--_Cause:_ A tiny mite which burrows under the scales and +into the tissues of the leg. _Symptoms:_ Scaly, rough, crusty appearance +of feet and shanks. _Treatment:_ Apply Pratts Scaly Leg Ointment. + +~Tuberculosis~--_Cause:_ A minute germ. _Symptoms:_ Steady loss in +weight; paleness of comb, wattles and face; general weakness; lameness, +ruffling of feathers; frequently diarrhoea. Eye bright; ravenous +appetite. _Treatment:_ The disease is contagious and will spread through +the flock unless proper precautions are taken. Remove affected birds. +Disinfect the poultry plant and surroundings with Pratts Disinfectant. +Kill birds in advanced stages. Give the whole flock a nourishing ration, +and include Pratts Poultry Regulator. Use lime freely. If disease +continues to spread, dispose of entire flock, disinfect with greatest +care, start anew with healthy stock. + + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + _Pleasant Valley, N.Y. + + I gave Pratts Roup Remedy a careful test on a flock of 50 growing + white Wyandotte chicks in October which were infected with bad + colds, and after treating one week with your roup remedy nearly + every one was well. + + EDGAR BRIGGS_ + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + + + + + Pratts PRACTICAL POINTERS on the care of LIVESTOCK and POULTRY + + GET YOUR PRATTS FROM LAING BROS. WINNIPEG MAN. FLOUR & FEED. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Pratt's Practical Pointers on the Care +of Livestock and Poultry, by Pratt Food Co. + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PRATT'S PRACTICAL POINTERS *** + +***** This file should be named 16744.txt or 16744.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/7/4/16744/ + +Produced by Bruce Albrecht, K.D. Thornton, Janet Blenkinship +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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