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| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 04:49:34 -0700 |
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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 04:49:34 -0700 |
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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland (2 of 6): England (1 of 12 + William the Conqueror + +Author: Raphael Holinshed + +Release Date: September 24, 2005 [EBook #16738] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Louise Pryor and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<p class="head1"><a name="Page_-9" id="Page_-9" ></a>HOLINSHED'S</p> +<h1>CHRONICLES</h1> + +<p class="headsmall">OF</p> + +<p class="head1it">ENGLAND, SCOTLAND,</p> + +<p class="headsmall">AND</p> + +<p class="head1it">IRELAND.</p> +<hr class="short" /> +<p class="head2">IN SIX VOLUMES.</p> +<hr class="short" /> +<p class="center">VOL. II.</p> +<p class="head2">ENGLAND.</p> +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="head2it">LONDON:</p> +<p class="center">PRINTED FOR J. JOHNSON; F. C. AND J. RIVINGTON; T. PAYNE; WILKIE<br /> +AND ROBINSON; LONGMAN, HURST, REES, AND ORME;<br /> +CADELL AND DAVIES; AND J. MAWMAN.</p> +<hr class="mini" /> + +<p class="center">1807.<br /> +AMS PRESS INC.<br /> +NEW YORK<br /> +1965</p> + +<p class="centergap">AMS PRESS INC.<a name="Page_-8" id="Page_-8" ></a><br /> +NEW YORK, N.Y. 10003<br /> +1965</p> + +<p class="center">MANUFACTURED in the U.S.A.</p> + +<p class="centergap"><a name="Page_-7" id="Page_-7" ></a>[<i>Original Title</i>.]</p> + +<p class="center">THE</p> +<p class="center">THIRD VOLUME</p> +<p class="headtiny">OF</p> +<p class="head0">CHRONICLES,</p> + +<p class="headtiny">BEGINNING AT</p> +<p class="head3">DUKE WILLIAM THE NORMAN, COMMONLIE CALLED THE CONQUEROR;</p> + +<p class="headtiny">AND</p> +<p class="head3it">DESCENDING BY DEGREES OF YEERES</p> +<p class="headtiny">TO ALL THE</p> +<p class="head3">KINGS AND QUEENES OF ENGLAND</p> +<p class="headtiny">IN THEIR</p> +<p class="head3">ORDERLIE SUCCESSIONS:</p> + +<p class="headsmall">FIRST COMPILED BY</p> +<p class="head3it">RAPHAELL HOLINSHED,</p> +<p class="headsmall">AND BY HIM EXTENDED TO THE</p> +<p class="center">YEARE 1577.</p> + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 2em;">NOW NEWLIE RECOGNISED, AUGMENTED, AND CONTINUED</p> +<p class="headsmall">(WITH OCCURRENCES AND ACCIDENTS OF FRESH MEMORIE)</p> +<p class="center">TO THE YEARE 1586.</p> + +<p class="head3">WHEREIN ALSO ARE CONTEINED MANIE MATTERS OF SINGULAR DISCOURSE</p> +<p class="head3">AND RARE OBSERUATION,</p> +<p class="center"><i>FRUITFULL TO SUCH AS BE STUDIOUS IN ANTIQUITIES</i>,</p> +<p class="headtiny">OR</p> +<p class="head3">TAKE PLEASURE IN THE GROUNDS OF ANCIENT HISTORIES.</p> + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 2em;"><i>With a third table (peculiarlie seruing this third volume) both of names and matters</i> +<i>memorable</i>.</p> +<hr class="mini" /> + +<p class="center">HISTORIÆ PLACEANT NOSTRATES AC PEREGRINÆ</p> + +<p class="centergap"><a name="Page_-6" id="Page_-6" ></a>TO THE</p> +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 2em;">RIGHT HONORABLE AND HIS SINGULAR GOOD LORD,</p> +<p class="head2it">SIR WILLIAM CECILL,</p> + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 2em;">BARON OF BURGHLEYGH, KNIGHT OF THE MOST NOBLE ORDER OF THE GARTER, +LORD HIGH TREASURER OF ENGLAND, MAISTER OF THE COURTS OF WARDS +AND LIUERIES, AND ONE OF THE QUEENES MAIESTIES PRIUIE COUNCELL.</p> + +<hr class="short"/> + + +<p>Considering with my selfe, right Honorable and my singular good Lord, +how redie (no doubt) manie will be to accuse me of vaine presumption, for +enterprising to deale in this so weightie a worke, and so far aboue my reach +to accomplish: I haue thought good to aduertise your Honour, by what occasion +I was first induced to vndertake the same, although the cause that +moued me thereto hath (in part) yer this beene signified vnto your good +Lordship.</p> + +<p>Whereas therefore, that worthie Citizen Reginald Wolfe late Printer to the +Queenes Maiestie, a man well knowne and beholden to your Honour, meant +in his life time to publish an vniuersall Cosmographie of the whole world, and +therewith also certaine particular histories of euery knowne nation, amongst +other whom he purposed to vse for performance of his intent in that behalfe, +he procured me to take in hand the collection of those histories, and hauing +proceeded so far in the same, as little wanted to the accomplishment of that +long promised worke, it pleased God to call him to his mercie, after fiue and +twentie yeares trauell spent therein; so that by his vntimelie deceasse, no hope +remained to see that performed, which we had so long trauelled about. Neuerthelesse +<a name="Page_-5" id="Page_-5" ></a> +those whom he put in trust to dispose his things after his departure +hence, wishing to the benefit of others, that some fruit might follow of that +whereabout he had imployed so long time, willed me to continue mine indeuour +for their furtherance in the same. Which although I was redie to doo, so far as +mine abilitie would reach, and the rather to answere that trust which the deceassed +reposed in me, to see it brought to some perfection: yet when the +volume grew so great as they that were to defraie the charges for the impression, +were not willing to go through the whole, they resolued first to publish the +histories of England, Scotland, and Ireland, with their descriptions; which +descriptions, bicause they were not in such readinesse, as those of forren +countries, they were inforced to vse the helpe of other better able to doo it +than my selfe.</p> + +<p>Moreouer, the Charts, wherein Maister Wolfe spent a great part of his time, +were not found so complet as we wished: and againe, vnderstanding of the +great charges and notable enterprise of that worthie Gentleman maister Thomas +Sackford, in procuring the Charts of the seuerall prouinces of this realme to +be set foorth, we are in hope that in time he will delineate this whole land +so perfectlie, as shall be comparable or beyond anie delineation heretofore +made of anie other region; and therefore leaue that to his well deserued +praise. If any well willer will imitate him in so praiseworthie a worke for the +two other regions, we will be glad to further his endeuour with all the helpes +we may.</p> + +<p>The histories I haue gathered according to my skill, and conferred the greatest +part with Maister Wolfe in his life time, to his liking, who procured me so +manie helpes to the furtherance thereof, that I was loth to omit anie thing +that might increase the readers knowledge, which causeth the booke to grow +so great. But receiuing them by parts, and at seuerall times (as I might +get them) it may be, that hauing had more regard to the matter than the apt +penning, I haue not so orderlie disposed them, as otherwise I ought; choosing +rather to want order, than to defraud the reader of that which for his further +vnderstanding might seeme to satisfie his expectation.</p> + +<p>I therefore most humblie beseech your Honour to accept these Chronicles +of England vnder your protection, and according to your wisedome and accustomed +benignitie to beare with my faults; the rather, bicause you were +euer so especiall good Lord to Maister Wolfe, to whom I was singularlie beholden; +<a name="Page_-4" id="Page_-4" ></a> +and in whose name I humblie present this rude worke vnto you; beseeching +God, that as he hath made you an instrument to aduance his truth, +so it may please him to increase his good gifts in you, to his glorie, the furtherance +of the Queenes Maiesties seruice, and the comfort of all hir faithfull +and louing subiects.</p> + +<p class="center">Your Honours most humble to be commanded,</p> + +<p class="right smcap">Raphael Holinshed</p> + + +<p class="centergap"><a name="Page_-3" id="Page_-3" ></a><br />THE</p> + +<p class="head2">PREFACE TO THE READER.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p>It is dangerous (gentle reader) to range in so large a field as I haue here vndertaken, +while so manie sundrie men in diuers things may be able to controll me, and manie excellent +wits of our countrie (as well or better occupied I hope) are able herein to surpasse +me; but seeing the best able doo seeme to neglect it, let me (though least able) +craue pardon to put them in mind not to forget their natiue countries praise (which is +their dutie) the incouragement of their woorthie countriemen, by elders aduancements; +and the daunting of the vicious, by foure penall examples, to which end (as I take it) +chronicles and histories ought cheefelie to be written. My labour may shew mine vttermost +good will, of the more learned I require their further enlargement, and of fault-finders +dispensation till they be more fullie informed. It is too common that the least +able are readiest to find fault in matters of least weight, and therefore I esteeme the lesse +of their carping, but humblie beseech the skilfull to supplie my want, and to haue care of +their dutie; and either to amend that wherein I haue failed, or be content with this mine +endeuour. For it may please them to consider, that no one can be eie-witnesse to all +that is written within our time; much lesse to those things which happened in former +times, and therefore must be content with reports of others. Therein I haue beene so +carefull, that I haue spared no paines or helpe of freends to search out either written or +printed ancient authors, or to inquire of moderne eie-witnesses for the true setting downe +of that which I haue here deliuered: but I find such want in writers for the necessarie +knowledge of things doone in times past, and lacke of meanes to obteine sufficient instructions +by reporters of the time present; and herewith the worthie exploits of our +countriemen so manie, that it greeueth me I could not leaue the same to posteritie (as I +wished) to their well deserued praise. But I haue here imparted what I could learne, +and craue that it may be taken in good part. My speech is plaine, without any rhetoricall +shew of eloquence, hauing rather a regard to simple truth, than to decking words. I wish +I had beene furnished with so perfect instructions, and so many good gifts, that I might +haue pleased all kinds of men, but that same being so rare a thing in any one of the best, +I beseech thee (gentle reader) not to looke for it in me the meanest.</p> + +<p>But now for thy further instruction, to vnderstand the course of these my labours. +First concerning the historie of England, as I haue collected the same out of manie and +sundrie authors, in whome what contrarietie, negligence, and rashnesse sometime is found +in their reports; I leaue to the discretion of those that haue perused their works: for my +part, I haue in things doubtfull rather chosen to shew the diuersitie of their writings, than +by ouer-ruling them, and vsing a peremptorie censure, to frame them to agree to my +liking: leauing it neuerthelesse to each mans iudgement, to controll them as he seeth +cause. If some-where I shew my fansie what I thinke, and that the same dislike them; +I craue pardon, speciallie if by probable reasons or plainer matter to be produced, they +<a name="Page_-2" id="Page_-2" ></a> +can shew mine errour; vpon knowledge whereof I shall be readie to reforme it accordinglie. +Where I doo begin the historic from the first inhabitation of this Ile, I looke not +to content ech mans opinion concerning the originall of them that first peopled it, and no +maruell: for in matters so vncerteine, if I cannot sufficientlie content my selfe (as in +deed I cannot) I know not how I should satisfie others. That which seemeth to me most +likelie, I haue noted, beseeching the learned (as I trust they will) in such points of +doubtfull antiquities to beare with my skill: sith for ought I know, the matter is not yet +decided among the learned, but still they are in controuersie about it, and as yet Sub +iudice lis est. Well, howsoeuer it came first to be inhabited, likelie it is, that at the first +the whole Ile was vnder one prince and gouernour, though afterwards (and long peraduenture +before the Romans set any foot within it) the monarchie thereof was broken, euen +when the multitude of the inhabitants grew to be great, and ambition entred amongst +them: which hath brought so manie good policies and states to ruine and decaie.</p> + +<p>The Romans hauing once got possession of the continent that faceth this Ile, could +not rest (as it appeareth) till they had brought the same also vnder their subiection: and +the sooner doubtlesse, by reason of the factions amongst the princes of the land, which +the Romans (through their accustomed skill) could turne verie well to their most +aduantage. They possessed it almost fiue hundreth yeares, and longer might haue +doone, if either their insufferable tyrannie had not taken awaie from them the loue of +the people as well here as else-where; either that their ciuill discord about the chopping +and changing of their emperours had not so weakened the forces of their empire, that +they were not able to defend the same against the irruption of barbarous nations. But +as we may coniecture by that which is found in histories, about that time, in which the +Romane empire began to decline, this land stood in verie weake state: being spoiled of +the most part of all hir able men, which were led<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> awaie into forren regions, to supplie +the Romane armies; and likewise (perhaps) of all necessarie armour, weapon, and +treasure: which being perceiued of the Saxons, after they were receiued into the Ile, +to aid the Britons against the Scots and Picts then inuading the same, ministred to them +occasion to attempt the second conquest, which at length they brought to passe, to the +ouerthrow not onelie of the British dominion, but also to the subuersion of the Christian +religion here in this land: which chanced (às appeareth by Gildas) for the wicked sins +and vnthankefulnesse of the inhabitants towards God, the cheefe occasions and causes +of the transmutations of kingdoms, Nam propter peccata, regna transmatantur à gente +in gentem.</p> + +<p>The Saxons obteining possession of the land, gouerned the same, being diuided into +sundrie kingdoms, and hauing once subdued the Britons, or at the least-wise remooued +them out of the most part of the Ile into od corners and mountaines; fell at diuision +among themselues, and oftentimes with warre pursued ech other, so as no perfect order +of gouernement could be framed, nor the kings grow to any great puissance, either to +mooue warres abroad, or sufficientlie to defend themselues against forren forces at home: +as manifestlie was perceiued; when the Danes and other the Northeasterne people, being +then of great puissance by sea, began misserablie to afflict this land: at the first inuading +as it were but onelie the coasts and countries lieng neere to the sea, but afterwards with +manie armies they entred into the midle parts of the land. And although the English +people at length came vnder one king, and by that meanes were the better able to resist +the enimies; yet at length those Danes subdued the whole, and had possession thereof +for a time although not long, but that the crowne returned againe to those of the Saxon +line: till shortlie after, by the insolent dealings of the gouernours, a diuision was made +betwixt the king and his people, through iust punishment decreed by the prouidence of +the Almightie, determining for their sinnes and contempt of his lawes, to deliuer them +into the hands of a stranger; and therevpon when spite and enuie had brought the title +in doubt, to whom the right in succession apperteined, the Conquerour entred, and they +<a name="Page_-1" id="Page_-1" ></a> +remained a prey to him and his: who plucked all the heads and cheefe in authoritie so +cleerelie vp by the roots, as few or none of them in the end was left to stand vp against +him. And herewith altering the whole state, he planted such lawes and ordinances as +stood most for his auaile and securitie, which being after qualified with more milde and +gentle lawes, tooke such effect, that the state hath euer sithens continued whole and +vnbroken by wise and politike gouernement, although disquieted sometime by ciuill +dissention, to the ruine commonlie of the first moouers, as by the sequele of the historie +you may see.</p> + +<p>For the historie of Scotland, I haue for the more part followed Hector Boece, Iohannes +Maior, and Iouan Ferreri Piemontese, so far as they haue continued it, interlaced +somtimes with other authours, as Houeden, Fourdon, and such like; although not often, +bicause I meant rather to deliuer what I found in their owne histories extant, than to +correct them by others, leauing that enterprise to their owne countrimen: so that whatsoeuer +ye read in the same, consider that a Scotishman writ it, and an Englishman hath +but onelie translated it into our language, referring the reader to the English historie, +in all matters betwixt vs and them, to be confronted therewith as he seeth cause. For +the continuation thereof I vsed the like order, in such copies and notes as Maister Wolfe +in his life time procured me; sauing that in these last yeares I haue inserted some such +notes as concerned matters of warre betwixt vs and the Scots, bicause I got them not till +that part of the English historie was past the presse.</p> + +<p>For Ireland, I haue shewed in mine epistle dedicatorie in what sort, and by what helps +I haue proceeded therein; onelie this I forgot to signifie, that I had not Giraldus Cambrensis, +and Flatsburie, vntill that part of the booke was vnder the presse, and so being +constreined to make post hast, I could not exemplifie what I would out of them all, neither +yet dispose it so orderlie as had beene conuenient, nor pen it with so apt words as might +satisfie either myselfe, or those to whose view it is now like to come. And by reason of the +like haste made in the impression, where I was determined to haue transposed the most part +of that which in the English historie I had noted, concerning the conquest of Ireland by +Hen. the second, out of Houeden & others, I had not time thereto; and so haue left it +there remaining where I first noted it, before I determined to make any particular collection +of the Irish histories, bicause the same commeth there well inough in place, as to +those that shall vouchsafe to turne the booke it may appeare.</p> + +<p>For the computation of the yeares of the world, I had by Maister Wolfes aduise +followed Functius; but after his deceasse, M. W. H. made me partaker of a Chronologie, +which he had gathered and compiled with most exquisit diligence, following Gerardus +Mercator, and other late Chronologers, and his owne obseruations, according to the +which I haue reformed the same. As for the yeares of our Lord, and the kings, I haue +set them downe according to such authors as seeme to be of best credit in that behalfe, +as I doubt not but the learned and skilfull in histories it shall appeare. Moreouer, this +the reader hath to consider, that I doo begin the yeare at the natiuitie of our Lord, which +is the surest order (in my fansie) that can be followed.</p> + +<p>For the names of persons, townes, and places, as I haue beene diligent to reforme the +errours of other (which are to be ascribed more to the vnperfect copies than to the +authors) so may it be that I haue some-where committed the like faults, either by negligence +or want of skill to restore them to their full integritie as I wished. But what I +haue performed, aswell in that behalfe as others, the skilfull reader shall easily perceiue, +and withall consider (I trust) what trauell I haue bestowed to his behoofe in this huge +volume; crauing onelie, that in recompense thereof he will iudge the best, and to make +a freendlie construction of my meaning, where ought may seeme to haue escaped my pen +or the printers presse, otherwise than we could haue wished for his better satisfaction. +Manie things being taken out as they lie in authors, may be thought to giue offense in +time present, which referred to the time past when the author writ, are not onelie tollerable, +<a name="Page_0" id="Page_0" ></a> +but also allowable. Thereforé (good reader) I beseech thee to weigh the causes +and circumstances of such faults and imperfections, and consider that the like may creepe +into a far lesse volume than this, and shew me so much fauour as hath beene shewed to +others in like causes. And sithens I haue doone my good will, accept the same, as I with a +free and thankefull mind doo offer it thee; so shall I thinke my labour well bestowed. +For the other histories, which are alreadie collected, if it please God to giue abilitie, +shall in time come to light, with some such breefe descriptions of the forren regions +whereof they treat, as may the better suffice to the readers contentation, and vnderstanding +of the matters conteined in the same histories, reduced into abridgements out of their +great volumes. And thus I ceasse further to trouble thy patience, wishing to thee (gentle +reader) so much profit, as by reading may be had, and as great comfort as Gods holie +spirit may endue thee with.</p> + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 2em;">FINIS.</p> + + +<p><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1" ></a><span class="pagenum">[1]</span></p> +<p class="headsmall" style="margin-top: 6em;"> +THE</p> +<p class="head2">POLITIKE CONQUEST</p> +<p class="headsmall">OF</p> +<p class="head3">WILLIAM THE FIRST.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">Anno 1.</span> +This William Duke of Normandie, base son of Robert the sixt Duke of Normandie, +and nephew vnto Edward king of England, surnamed the Confessor, hauing vanquished +the English power, and slaine Harold in the field (as you may read at large +towards the end of the historie of England) began his reigne ouer England the xv. +daie of October being Sundaie, in the yeare after the creation of the world 5033, (as +<span class="yearnote">1066.</span> +W. Harison gathereth) and after the birth of our Sauiour 1066, which was in the tenth +yeare of the emperour Henrie the fourth, in the sixt of pope Alexander the second, +in the sixt of Philip king of France, and about the tenth of Malcolme the third, surnamed +Camoir, king of Scotland.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Sim. Dun.</i></span> +Immediatlie after he had thus got the victorie in a pight field (as before ye haue +heard) he first returned to Hastings, and after set forward towards London, wasted the +countries of Sussex, Kent, Hamshire, Southerie, Middlesex, and Herefordshire, burning +the townes, and sleaing the people, till he came to Beorcham. In the meane time, +immediatlie after the discomfiture in Sussex, the two earles of Northumberland and +<span class="rightnote">Edwin and Marchar.<br /> +Quéene Aldgitha sent to Chester.<br /> +<i>Wil. Mal.</i> +<i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +Mercia, Edwin and Marchar, who had withdrawne themselues from the battell togither +with their people, came to London, and with all speed sent their sister quéene Aldgitha +vnto the citie of Chester, and herewith sought to persuade the Londoners to aduance +one of them to the kingdome: as Wil. Mal. writeth. But Simon of Durham saith, +that Aldred archbishop of Yorke, and the said earles with others would haue made +Edgar Etheling king. Howbeit, whilest manie of the Nobilitie and others prepared to +make themselues redie to giue a new battell to the Normans (how or whatsoeuer was +the cause) the said earles drew homewards with their powers, to the great discomfort +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i> +The bishops blamed. +</span> +of their freends. Wil. Malm. séemeth to put blame in the bishops, for that the lords +went not forward with their purpose in aduancing Edgar Etheling to the crowne. For +the bishops (saith he) refused to ioine with the lords in that behalfe, and so through +enuie and spite which one part bare to another, when they could not agrée vpon an +<span class="rightnote">The archbishop of Yorke +& other submit themselues +to king William.</span> +Englishman, they receiued a stranger, insomuch that vpon king William his comming +vnto Beorcham, Aldred archbishop of Yorke, Wolstane bishop of Worcester, and +Walter bishop of Hereford, Edgar Etheling, and the foresaid earles Edwin and Marchar +came and submitted themselues vnto him, whom he gentlie receiued, and incontinentlie +made an agréement with them, taking their oth and hostages (as some write) and yet +neuerthelesse he permitted his people to spoile and burne the countrie.</p> + +<p>But now, when the feast of Christs natiuitie (commonlie called Christmas) was at +hand, he approched to the citie of London, and comming thither, caused his vauntgard +first to enter into the stréets, where finding some resistance, he easilie subdued the +citizens that thus tooke vpon them to withstand him, though not without some bloudshed +<span class="rightnote"><i>Gemeticensis.</i></span> +(as Gemeticen. writeth) but as by others it should appéere, he was receiued into the +<a name="Page_2" id="Page_2" ></a><span class="pagenum">[2]</span> +citie without anie resistance at all; and so being in possession thereof, he spake manie +fréendlie words to the citizens, and promised that he would vse them in most liberall +<span class="rightnote">William Conquerour crowned 1067, +according to their account which begin the yeare +on the daie of Christ his natiuitie.</span> +& courteous maner. Not long after, when things were brought in order (as was +thought requisite) he was crowned king vpon Christmas daie following, by Aldred +archbishop of Yorke. For he would not receiue the crowne at the hands of Stigand +archbishop of Canturburie, bicause he was hated, and furthermore iudged to be a verie +lewd person and a naughtie liuer.</p> + +<p>At his coronation he caused the bishops and barons of the realme to take their oth, +that they should be his true and loiall subiects (according to the maner in that case +accustomed.) And being required thereto by the archbishop of Yorke, he tooke his +personall oth before the altar of S. Peter at Westmister, to defend the holie church, +and rulers of the same, to gouerne the people in iustice as became a king to doo, to +ordeine righteous lawes & kéepe the same, so that all maner of bribing, rapine, and +wrongful iudgements should for euer after be abolished.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +<span class="yearnote">1067.</span> +After this, he tooke order how to keepe the realme in good and quiet gouernment, +fortifieng the necessarie places, and furnishing them with garisons. He also appointed +officers and councellers, such as he thought to be wise and discréet men, and appointed +ships to be in the hauens by the coast for the defense of the land, as he thought moste +<span class="rightnote"><i>Iohn Stow.</i></span> +expedient. After his coronation, or rather before (as by some authours it should +<span class="rightnote"><i>Thos. Spot.</i></span> +seeme) euen presentlie vpon obteining of the citie of London, he tooke his iourney +towards the castell of Douer, to subdue that and the rest of Kent also: which when +the archbishop Stigand and Egelsin the abbat of S. Augustines (being as it were the +chiefest lords and gouernours of all Kent) did perceiue, and considered that the whole +realme was in an euill state; & that whereas in this realme of England, before the +<span class="rightnote">Seruitude & bondage of the +Nobilitie and Commonaltie to the Normans. +</span> +comming in of the forsaid duke William, there were no bondmen: now all, as well the +Nobilitie as the Commonaltie were without respect made subiect to the intollerable +bondage of the Normans, taking an occasion by the perill and danger that their neighbours +were in, to prouide for the safegard of themselues and their countrie. They +caused all the people of the countie of Kent to assemble at Canturburie, and declared +to them the perils and dangers imminent, the miserie that their neighbours were come +into, the pride and insolencie of the Normans, and the hardnesse and griefe of bondage +and seruile estate. Whereupon all the people rather choosing to end their vnfortunate +life, than to submit themselues to an vnaccustomed yoke of seruitude and bondage, +with a common consent determined to méet duke William, and to fight with him +for the lawes of their countrie. Also, the foresaid Stigand the archbishop, and the +abbat Egelsin, choosing rather to die in battell, than to see their nation in so euill an +estate, being encouraged by the examples of the holie Machabées, became capteins of +the armie. And at a daie appointed, all the people met at Swanescombe, and being +hidden in the woods, laie priuilie in wait for the comming of the foresaid duke William.</p> + +<p>Now, bicause it cannot hurt to take great héed, and to be verie warie in such cases, +they agréed before hand, that when the duke was come, and the passages on euerie side +stopped, to the end he should no waie be able to escape, euerie one of them, as well +horssemen as footmen should beare boughes in their hands. The next daie after, when +the duke was come into the fields and territories néere vnto Swanescombe, and saw all +the countrie set and placed about him, as it had beene a stirring and moouing wood, +and that with a meane pace they approched and drew neare vnto him, with great discomfort +of mind he woondered at that sight. And assoone as the capteins of the Kentishmen +sawe that duke William was inclosed in the middest of their armie, they caused +their trumpets to be sounded, their banners to be displaied, and threw downe their +boughes, & with their bowes bent, their swords drawne, and their speares and other +kind of weapons stretched foorth, they shewed themselues readie to fight. Duke William +and they that were with him stood (as no maruell it was) sore astonied, and amazed: +<a name="Page_3" id="Page_3" ></a><span class="pagenum">[3]</span> +so that he which thought he had alreadie all England fast in his fist, did now despaire +of his owne life. Therefore on the behalfe of the Kentishmen, were sent vnto duke +William the archbishop Stigand, and Egelsin abbat of S. Augustines, who told him their +message in this sort.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p>"My lord duke, behold the people of Kent come forth to méet you, and to receiue +you as their liege lord, requiring at your hands the things which perteine to peace, +and that vnder this condition; that all the people of Kent enioy for euer their ancient +liberties, and may for euermore vse the lawes and customes of the countrie: +otherwise they are readie presentlie to bid battell to you, and them that be with you, +and are minded rather to die here altogither, than to depart from the lawes and customes +of their countrie, and to submit themselues to bondage, whereof as yet they +neuer had experience."</p> +</div> + +<p>The duke séeing himselfe to be driuen to such an exigent & narrow pinch, consulted +a while with them that came with him, prudentlie considering, that if he should +take anie repulse or displeasure at the hands of this people, which be the key of +England, all that he had done before should be disanulled and made of none effect, +and all his hope and safetie should stand in danger and ieopardie: not so willinglie as +wiselie he granted the people of Kent their request. Now when the couenant was +established, and pledges giuen on both sides: the Kentishmen being ioyfull, conducted +the Normans (who also were glad) vnto Rochester, and yéelded vp to the duke the +<span class="rightnote">The ancient liberties and lawes of England remaine in Kent onlie.</span> +earledome of Kent, and the noble castell of Douer. Thus the ancient liberties of +England, and the lawes and customes of the countrie, which before the comming of +duke William out of Normandie, were equallie kept throughout all England, doo +(through this industrie and earnest trauell of the archbishop Stigand and Egelsin abbat +of S. Augustines) remaine inuiolablie obserued vntill this daie within that countie of +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Thorne.</i></span> +Kent. ¶ Thus far Thomas Spot, and after him William Thorne writeth the same. Of +the which the former (that is Spot) liued in the daies of king Edward the first, and William +Thorne in the daies of king Richard the second.</p> + +<p>But now, before we procéed anie further in recitall of the Conquerours dooings, we +haue here in a table noted all the noble capteins and gentlemen of name, aswell Normans +as other strangers, which assisted duke William in the conquest of this land: +and first, as we find them written in the chronicles of Normandie by one William +Tailleur.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="center">THE</p> +<p class="head2">CATALOG OF SUCH NOBLEMEN, LORDS, AND GENTLEMEN OF NAME,</p> +<p class="center">AS CAME INTO THIS LAND WITH</p> +<p class="head2">WILLIAM THE CONQUEROUR.</p> + +<div class="listcolumn2"> +<ul> +<li class="names">Odo bishop of Bayeulx.</li> +<li class="names">Robert erle of Mortaing.</li> +<li class="names">Roger erle of Beaumont surnamed <i>A la Barbe</i>.</li> +<li class="names">Guillaume Mallet seigneur de Montfort.</li> +<li class="names">Henrie seig. de Ferrers.</li> +<li class="names">Guillaume d'Aubelle-mare seign. de Fougieres.</li> +<li class="names">Guillaume de Roumare seig. de Lithare.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Touque.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de la Mare.</li> +<li class="names">Neel le Viconte.</li> +<li class="names">Guillaume de Vepont.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Magneuille.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Grosmenil.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de S. Martin.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Puis.</li> +<li class="names">Guillaume Crespin.</li> +<li class="names">Guillaume de Movenne.</li> +<li class="names"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4" ></a>Guillaume Desmoulins.</li> +<li class="names">Guillaume Desgarennes.</li> +<li class="names">Hue de Gourney, <i>aliàs</i> Genevay.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Bray.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Gouy.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Laigle.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Touarts.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Aurenchin.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Vitrey.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Trassy, <i>aliàs</i> Tracy.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Picquigny.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. d'Espinay.</li> +<li class="names">Osmond seig. du Pont.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Estouteuile.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Torchy.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Barnabost.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Breual.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Seeulme.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Houme.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Souchoy.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Cally.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de la Riuere.</li> +<li class="names">Euldes de Beanieu.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Roumilly.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Glotz.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. du Sap.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Vanuille.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. Branchou.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. Balleul.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Beausault.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Telleres.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Senlys.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Bacqueuille.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Preaulx.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Iouy.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Longueuille.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Aquigny.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Passy.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Tournay.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Colombieres.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Bolleber.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Garensieres.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Longueile.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Houdetot.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Malletot.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de la Haie Malerbe.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Porch Pinche.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Iuetot.</li> +<li class="names">The erle of Tanqueruile.</li> +<li class="names">The erle d'Eu.</li> +<li class="names">The erle d'Arques.</li> +<li class="names">The erle of Aniou.</li> +<li class="names">The erle of Neuers.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Rouuile.</li> +<li class="names">Le prince de Alemaigne.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Pauilly.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de S. Cler.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. d'Espinay.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Bremetot.</li> +<li class="names">Alain Fergant erle of Britaigne.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de la Ferte.</li> +<li class="names">Robert fils Heruays duc de Orleans.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de la Lande.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Mortimer.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Clare.</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="listcolumn2"> +<ul> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Magny.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Fontnay.</li> +<li class="names">Roger de Montgomery.</li> +<li class="names">Amaury de Touars.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Hacqueuile.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Neanshou.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Perou.</li> +<li class="names">Robert de Beaufou.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. Meauuon.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Soteuile.</li> +<li class="names">Eustace de Hambleuile.</li> +<li class="names">Geoffray Bournom.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Blainuile.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Mauneuile.</li> +<li class="names">Geoffrey de Moienne.</li> +<li class="names">Auffray and Mauger de Carteny.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Freanuile.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Moubray.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Iafitay.</li> +<li class="names">Guillaume Patais seig. de la Lande.</li> +<li class="names">Eulde de Mortimer.</li> +<li class="names">Hue erle of Gournay.</li> +<li class="names">Egremont de Laigle.</li> +<li class="names">Richard d'Aurinchin.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Bearts.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Soulligny.</li> +<li class="names">Bouteclier d'Aubigny.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Marcey.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Lachy.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Valdere.</li> +<li class="names">Eulde de Montfort.</li> +<li class="names">Henoyn de Cahieu.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Vimers.</li> +<li class="names">Guillaume de Mouion.</li> +<li class="names">Raoul Tesson de Tignolles.</li> +<li class="names">Anguerand erle of Hercourt.</li> +<li class="names">Roger Marmion.</li> +<li class="names">Raoul de Gaiel.</li> +<li class="names">Auenel de Viers.</li> +<li class="names">Pauuel du Montier Hubert.</li> +<li class="names">Robert Bertraule Tort.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Seulle.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. Doriual.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de la Hay.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de S. Iohn.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Saussy.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Brye.</li> +<li class="names">Richard Dollebec.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. du Monfiquet.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Bresey.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Semilly.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Tilly.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Preaux.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de S. Denis.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Meuley.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Monceaux.</li> +<li class="names">The archers of Bretuile.</li> +<li class="names">The archers of Vaudreuile.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de S. Sain.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Breansou.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Sassy.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Nassy.</li> +<li class="names">Le vidam de Chartres.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Ieanuile.</li> +<li class="names">Le vidam du Passais.</li> +<li class="names">Pierre du Bailleul seig. de Fescampe.</li> +<li class="names">Le seneschal de Torchy.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Grissey.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Bassey.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Tourneur.</li> +<li class="names">Guillaume de Colombieres.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Bonnebault.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Ennebault.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Danuillers.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Beruile.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Creueceur.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Breate.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de Coutray.</li> +<li class="names">The erle of Eureux.</li> +<li class="names">Le seig. de seint Valery.</li> +<li class="names">Thomas erle d'Aumale.</li> +<li class="names">The erle de Hiesmes.</li> +</ul> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<p><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5" ></a><span class="pagenum">[5]</span> + With other lords and men of account in great numbers, whose names the author of +the chronicles of Normandie could not come by (as he himselfe confesseth.) In consideration +whereof, and bicause diuers of these are set foorth onlie by their titles of +estate, and not by their surnames; we haue thought it conuenient to make you partakers +of the roll which sometime belonged to Battell abbeie, conteining also (as the +title thereof importeth) the names of such Nobles and Gentlemen of Marque, as came +at this time with the Conqueror, whereof diuerse maie be the same persons which in +the catalog aboue written are conteined, bearing the names of the places whereof they +were possessors and owners, as by the same catalog maie appeare.</p> + +<hr /> + + +<p class="center">THE ROLL OF BATTELL ABBEIE.</p> + +<div class="listcolumn3"> +<p class="initial">A</p> +<ul> +<li class="names">Avmarle</li> +<li class="names">Aincourt</li> +<li class="names">Audeley</li> +<li class="names">Adgillam</li> +<li class="names">Argentoune</li> +<li class="names">Arundell</li> +<li class="names">Auenant</li> +<li class="names">Abell</li> +<li class="names">Auuerne</li> +<li class="names">Aunwers</li> +<li class="names">Angers</li> +<li class="names">Angenoun</li> +<li class="names">Archere</li> +<li class="names">Anuay</li> +<li class="names">Asperu</li> +<li class="names">Albeuile</li> +<li class="names">Andeuile</li> +<li class="names">Amouerduile</li> +<li class="names">Arcy and Akeny</li> +<li class="names">Albeny</li> +<li class="names">Aybeuare</li> +<li class="names">Amay</li> +<li class="names">Aspermound</li> +<li class="names">Amerenges</li> +</ul> +<p class="initial">B</p> +<ul> +<li class="names">Bertram</li> +<li class="names">Buttecourt</li> +<li class="names">Brebus and Byseg</li> +<li class="names">Bardolfe</li> +<li class="names">Basset and Bigot</li> +<li class="names">Bohun</li> +<li class="names">Bailif</li> +<li class="names">Bondeuile</li> +<li class="names">Brabason</li> +<li class="names">Baskeruile</li> +<li class="names">Bures</li> +<li class="names">Bounilaine</li> +<li class="names">Bois</li> +<li class="names">Botelere</li> +<li class="names">Bourcher</li> +<li class="names">Brabaion</li> +<li class="names">Berners</li> +<li class="names">Braibuf</li> +<li class="names">Brande and Bronce</li> +<li class="names">Burgh</li> +<li class="names">Bushy</li> +<li class="names">Banet</li> +<li class="names">Blondell</li> +<li class="names">Breton</li> +<li class="names">Bluat and Baious</li> +<li class="names">Browne</li> +<li class="names">Beke</li> +<li class="names">Bickard</li> +<li class="names">Banastre</li> +<li class="names">Baloun</li> +<li class="names">Beauchampe</li> +<li class="names">Bray and Bandy</li> +<li class="names">Bracy</li> +<li class="names">Boundes</li> +<li class="names">Bascoun</li> +<li class="names">Broilem</li> +<li class="names">Broleuy</li> +<li class="names">Burnell</li> +<li class="names">Bellet</li> +<li class="names">Baudewin</li> +<li class="names">Beaumont</li> +<li class="names">Burdon</li> +<li class="names">Berteuilay</li> +<li class="names">Barre</li> +<li class="names">Busseuile</li> +<li class="names">Blunt</li> +<li class="names">Beaupere</li> +<li class="names">Beuill</li> +<li class="names">Barduedor</li> +<li class="names">Brette</li> +<li class="names">Barrett</li> +<li class="names">Bonret</li> +<li class="names">Bainard</li> +<li class="names">Barniuale</li> +<li class="names">Bonett</li> +<li class="names">Barry</li> +<li class="names">Bryan</li> +<li class="names">Bodin</li> +<li class="names">Beteruile</li> +<li class="names">Bertin</li> +<li class="names">Bereneuile</li> +<li class="names">Bellewe</li> +<li class="names">Beuery</li> +<li class="names">Busshell</li> +<li class="names">Boranuile</li> +<li class="names">Browe</li> +<li class="names">Beleuers</li> +<li class="names">Buffard</li> +<li class="names">Botelere</li> +<li class="names">Bonueier</li> +<li class="names">Boteuile</li> +<li class="names">Bellire</li> +<li class="names">Bastard</li> +<li class="names">Bainard</li> +<li class="names">Brasard</li> +<li class="names">Beelhelme</li> +<li class="names">Braine</li> +<li class="names">Brent</li> +<li class="names">Braunch</li> +<li class="names">Belesuz</li> +<li class="names">Blundell</li> +<li class="names">Burdet</li> +<li class="names">Bagot</li> +<li class="names">Beauuise</li> +<li class="names">Belemis</li> +<li class="names">Beisin</li> +<li class="names">Bernon</li> +<li class="names">Boels</li> +<li class="names">Belefroun</li> +<li class="names">Brutz</li> +<li class="names">Barchampe</li> +</ul> +<p class="initial">C</p> +<ul> +<li class="names">Camois</li> +<li class="names">Camuile</li> +<li class="names">Chawent</li> +<li class="names">Chauncy</li> +<li class="names">Conderay</li> +<li class="names">Coluile</li> +<li class="names">Chamberlaine</li> +<li class="names">Chamburnoun</li> +<li class="names">Comin</li> +<li class="names">Columber</li> +<li class="names">Cribett</li> +<li class="names">Creuquere</li> +<li class="names">Corbine</li> +<li class="names">Corbett</li> +<li class="names">Chaundos</li> +<li class="names">Chaworth</li> +<li class="names">Cleremaus</li> +<li class="names">Clarell</li> +<li class="names">Chopis</li> +<li class="names">Chaunduit</li> +<li class="names">Chantelow</li> +<li class="names">Chamberay</li> +<li class="names">Cressy</li> +<li class="names">Curtenay</li> +<li class="names">Conestable</li> +<li class="names">Cholmeley</li> +<li class="names">Champney</li> +<li class="names">Chawnos</li> +<li class="names">Comiuile</li> +<li class="names">Champaine</li> +<li class="names">Careuile</li> +<li class="names">Carbonelle</li> +<li class="names">Charles</li> +<li class="names">Chereberge</li> +<li class="names"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6" ></a>Chawnes</li> +<li class="names">Chaumont</li> +<li class="names">Caperoun</li> +<li class="names">Cheine</li> +<li class="names">Curson</li> +<li class="names">Couille</li> +<li class="names">Chaiters</li> +<li class="names">Cheines</li> +<li class="names">Cateray</li> +<li class="names">Cherecourt</li> +<li class="names">Cammile</li> +<li class="names">Clerenay</li> +<li class="names">Curly</li> +<li class="names">Cuily</li> +<li class="names">Clinels</li> +<li class="names">Chaundos</li> +<li class="names">Courteney</li> +<li class="names">Clifford</li> +</ul> +<p class="initial">D</p> +<ul> +<li class="names">Denauille</li> +<li class="names">Dercy</li> +<li class="names">Diue</li> +<li class="names">Dispencere</li> +<li class="names">Daubeny</li> +<li class="names">Daniell</li> +<li class="names">Denise and Druell</li> +<li class="names">Deuans</li> +<li class="names">Dauers</li> +<li class="names">Dodingsels</li> +<li class="names">Darell</li> +<li class="names">Delaber</li> +<li class="names">Delapole</li> +<li class="names">Delalinde</li> +<li class="names">Delahill</li> +<li class="names">Delaware</li> +<li class="names">Delauache</li> +<li class="names">Dakeny</li> +<li class="names">Dauntre</li> +<li class="names">Desny</li> +<li class="names">Dabernoune</li> +<li class="names">Damry</li> +<li class="names">Daueros</li> +<li class="names">Dauonge</li> +<li class="names">Duilby</li> +<li class="names">Dalauere</li> +<li class="names">Delahoid</li> +<li class="names">Durange</li> +<li class="names">Delee</li> +<li class="names">Delaund</li> +<li class="names">Delaward</li> +<li class="names">Delaplanch</li> +<li class="names">Damnot</li> +<li class="names">Danway</li> +<li class="names">Dehense</li> +<li class="names">Deuile</li> +<li class="names">Disard</li> +<li class="names">Doiuille</li> +<li class="names">Durant</li> +<li class="names">Drury</li> +<li class="names">Dabitot</li> +<li class="names">Dunsteruile</li> +<li class="names">Dunchampe</li> +<li class="names">Dambelton</li> +</ul> +<p class="initial">E</p> +<ul> +<li class="names">Estrange</li> +<li class="names">Estuteuile</li> +<li class="names">Engaine</li> +<li class="names">Estriels</li> +<li class="names">Esturney</li> +</ul> +<p class="initial">F</p> +<ul> +<li class="names">Ferrerers</li> +<li class="names">Foluille</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="listcolumn3"> +<ul> +<li class="names">Fitz Water</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Marmaduke</li> +<li class="names">Fleuez</li> +<li class="names">Filberd</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Roger</li> +<li class="names">Fauecourt</li> +<li class="names">Ferrers</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Philip</li> +<li class="names">Filiot</li> +<li class="names">Furniueus</li> +<li class="names">Furniuaus</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Otes</li> +<li class="names">Fitz William</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Roand</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Pain</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Auger</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Aleyn</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Rauff</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Browne</li> +<li class="names">Fouke</li> +<li class="names">Freuil</li> +<li class="names">Front de Boef</li> +<li class="names">Facunberge</li> +<li class="names">Fort</li> +<li class="names">Frisell</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Simon</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Fouk</li> +<li class="names">Filioll</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Thomas</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Morice</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Hugh</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Henrie</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Waren</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Rainold</li> +<li class="names">Flamuile</li> +<li class="names">Formay</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Eustach</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Laurence</li> +<li class="names">Formibaud</li> +<li class="names">Frisound</li> +<li class="names">Finere and Fitz Robert</li> +<li class="names">Furniuale</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Geffrey</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Herbert</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Peres</li> +<li class="names">Fichet</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Rewes</li> +<li class="names">Fitz Fitz</li> +<li class="names">Fitz John</li> +<li class="names">Fleschampe</li> +</ul> +<p class="initial">G</p> +<ul> +<li class="names">Gvrnay</li> +<li class="names">Gressy</li> +<li class="names">Graunson</li> +<li class="names">Gracy</li> +<li class="names">Georges</li> +<li class="names">Gower</li> +<li class="names">Gaugy</li> +<li class="names">Goband</li> +<li class="names">Gray</li> +<li class="names">Gaunson</li> +<li class="names">Golofre</li> +<li class="names">Gobion</li> +<li class="names">Grensy</li> +<li class="names">Graunt</li> +<li class="names">Greile</li> +<li class="names">Greuet</li> +<li class="names">Gurry</li> +<li class="names">Gurley</li> +<li class="names">Grammori</li> +<li class="names">Gernoun</li> +<li class="names">Grendon</li> +<li class="names">Gurdon</li> +<li class="names">Gines</li> +<li class="names">Griuil</li> +<li class="names">Greneuile</li> +<li class="names">Glateuile</li> +<li class="names">Gurney</li> +<li class="names">Giffard</li> +<li class="names">Gouerges</li> +<li class="names">Gamages</li> +</ul> +<p class="initial">H</p> +<ul> +<li class="names">Haunteney</li> +<li class="names">Haunsard</li> +<li class="names">Hastings</li> +<li class="names">Hanlay</li> +<li class="names">Haurell</li> +<li class="names">Husee</li> +<li class="names">Hercy</li> +<li class="names">Herioun</li> +<li class="names">Herne</li> +<li class="names">Harecourt</li> +<li class="names">Henoure</li> +<li class="names">Houell</li> +<li class="names">Hamelin</li> +<li class="names">Harewell</li> +<li class="names">Hardell</li> +<li class="names">Haket</li> +<li class="names">Hamound</li> +<li class="names">Harcord</li> +</ul> +<p class="initial">I</p> +<ul> +<li class="names">Iarden</li> +<li class="names">Iay</li> +<li class="names">Ieniels</li> +<li class="names">Ierconuise</li> +<li class="names">Ianuile</li> +<li class="names">Iasperuile</li> +</ul> +<p class="initial">K</p> +<ul> +<li class="names">Kaunt</li> +<li class="names">Karre</li> +<li class="names">Karrowe</li> +<li class="names">Koine</li> +<li class="names">Kimaronne</li> +<li class="names">Kiriell</li> +<li class="names">Kancey</li> +<li class="names">Kenelre</li> +</ul> +<p class="initial">L</p> +<ul> +<li class="names">Loueny</li> +<li class="names">Lacy</li> +<li class="names">Linneby</li> +<li class="names">Latomer</li> +<li class="names">Loueday</li> +<li class="names">Louell</li> +<li class="names">Lemare</li> +<li class="names">Leuetot</li> +<li class="names">Lucy</li> +<li class="names">Luny</li> +<li class="names">Logeuile</li> +<li class="names">Longespes</li> +<li class="names">Louerace</li> +<li class="names">Longechampe</li> +<li class="names">Lascales</li> +<li class="names">Lacy</li> +<li class="names">Louan</li> +<li class="names">Leded</li> +<li class="names">Luse</li> +<li class="names"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7" ></a>Loterell</li> +<li class="names">Lornge</li> +<li class="names">Longevule</li> +<li class="names">Loy</li> +<li class="names">Lorancourt</li> +<li class="names">Loions</li> +<li class="names">Limers</li> +<li class="names">Longepay</li> +<li class="names">Laumale</li> +<li class="names">Lane</li> +<li class="names">Louetot</li> +</ul> +<p class="initial">M</p> +<ul> +<li class="names">Mohant</li> +<li class="names">Mowne</li> +<li class="names">Maundeuile</li> +<li class="names">Marmilon</li> +<li class="names">Moribray</li> +<li class="names">Moruile</li> +<li class="names">Miriell</li> +<li class="names">Manlay</li> +<li class="names">Malebraunch</li> +<li class="names">Malemame</li> +<li class="names">Mortimere</li> +<li class="names">Mortimaine</li> +<li class="names">Muse</li> +<li class="names">Marteine</li> +<li class="names">Mountbother</li> +<li class="names">Mountsoler</li> +<li class="names">Maleuile</li> +<li class="names">Malet</li> +<li class="names">Mounteney</li> +<li class="names">Monfichet</li> +<li class="names">Maleherbe</li> +<li class="names">Mare</li> +<li class="names">Musegros</li> +<li class="names">Musard</li> +<li class="names">Moine</li> +<li class="names">Montrauers</li> +<li class="names">Merke</li> +<li class="names">Murres</li> +<li class="names">Mortiuale</li> +<li class="names">Monchenesy</li> +<li class="names">Mallory</li> +<li class="names">Marny</li> +<li class="names">Mountagu</li> +<li class="names">Mountford</li> +<li class="names">Maule</li> +<li class="names">Monhermon</li> +<li class="names">Musett</li> +<li class="names">Meneuile</li> +<li class="names">Manteuenant and Manfe</li> +<li class="names">Meapincoy</li> +<li class="names">Maine</li> +<li class="names">Mainard</li> +<li class="names">Morell</li> +<li class="names">Mainell</li> +<li class="names">Maleluse</li> +<li class="names">Memorous</li> +<li class="names">Morreis</li> +<li class="names">Morleian Maine</li> +<li class="names">Maleuere</li> +<li class="names">Mandut</li> +<li class="names">Mountmarten</li> +<li class="names">Mamelet</li> +<li class="names">Miners</li> +<li class="names">Mauclerke</li> +<li class="names">Maunchenell</li> +<li class="names">Mouet</li> +<li class="names">Meintenore</li> +<li class="names">Meletak</li> +<li class="names">Manuile</li> +<li class="names">Mangisere</li> +<li class="names">Maumasin</li> +<li class="names">Mountlouel</li> +<li class="names">Mawreward</li> +<li class="names">Monhaut</li> +<li class="names">Meller</li> +<li class="names">Mountgomerie</li> +<li class="names">Manlay</li> +<li class="names">Maulard</li> +<li class="names">Mainard</li> +<li class="names">Menere</li> +<li class="names">Martinast</li> +<li class="names">Mare</li> +<li class="names">Mainwaring</li> +<li class="names">Matelay</li> +<li class="names">Malemis</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="listcolumn3"> +<ul> +<li class="names">Maleheire</li> +<li class="names">Moren</li> +<li class="names">Melun</li> +<li class="names">Marceans</li> +<li class="names">Maiell</li> +<li class="names">Morton</li> +</ul> +<p class="initial">N</p> +<ul> +<li class="names">Noers</li> +<li class="names">Neuile</li> +<li class="names">Newmarch</li> +<li class="names">Norbet</li> +<li class="names">Norice</li> +<li class="names">Newborough</li> +<li class="names">Neiremet</li> +<li class="names">Neile</li> +<li class="names">Normauile</li> +<li class="names">Neofmarch</li> +<li class="names">Nermitz</li> +<li class="names">Nembrutz</li> +</ul> +<p class="initial">O</p> +<ul> +<li class="names">Oteuell</li> +<li class="names">Olibef</li> +<li class="names">Olifant</li> +<li class="names">Osenel</li> +<li class="names">Oisell</li> +<li class="names">Olifard</li> +<li class="names">Orinall</li> +<li class="names">Orioll</li> +</ul> +<p class="initial">P</p> +<ul> +<li class="names">Pigot</li> +<li class="names">Pery</li> +<li class="names">Perepount</li> +<li class="names">Pershale</li> +<li class="names">Power</li> +<li class="names">Painell</li> +<li class="names">Perche and Pauey</li> +<li class="names">Peurell</li> +<li class="names">Perot</li> +<li class="names">Picard</li> +<li class="names">Pinkenie</li> +<li class="names">Pomeray</li> +<li class="names">Pounce</li> +<li class="names">Pauely</li> +<li class="names">Paifrere</li> +<li class="names">Plukenet</li> +<li class="names">Phuars</li> +<li class="names">Punchardoun</li> +<li class="names">Pinchard</li> +<li class="names">Placy</li> +<li class="names">Pugoy</li> +<li class="names">Patefine</li> +<li class="names">Place</li> +<li class="names">Pampilioun</li> +<li class="names">Percelay</li> +<li class="names">Perere and Pekeny</li> +<li class="names">Poterell</li> +<li class="names">Peukeny</li> +<li class="names">Peccell</li> +<li class="names">Pinell</li> +<li class="names">Putrill</li> +<li class="names">Petiuoll</li> +<li class="names">Preaus</li> +<li class="names">Pantolf</li> +<li class="names">Peito</li> +<li class="names">Penecord</li> +<li class="names">Preudirlegast</li> +<li class="names">Perciuale</li> +</ul> +<p class="initial">Q</p> +<ul> +<li class="names">Qvinci</li> +<li class="names">Quintiny</li> +</ul> +<p class="initial">R</p> +<ul> +<li class="names">Ros</li> +<li class="names">Ridell</li> +<li class="names">Riuers</li> +<li class="names">Riuell</li> +<li class="names">Rous</li> +<li class="names">Rushell</li> +<li class="names">Raband</li> +<li class="names">Ronde</li> +<li class="names">Rie</li> +<li class="names">Rokell</li> +<li class="names">Risers</li> +<li class="names">Randuile</li> +<li class="names">Roselin</li> +<li class="names">Rastoke</li> +<li class="names">Rinuill</li> +<li class="names">Rougere</li> +<li class="names">Rait</li> +<li class="names">Ripere</li> +<li class="names">Rigny</li> +<li class="names">Richemound</li> +<li class="names">Rochford</li> +<li class="names">Raimond</li> +</ul> +<p class="initial">S</p> +<ul> +<li class="names">Souch</li> +<li class="names">Sheuile</li> +<li class="names">Seucheus</li> +<li class="names">Senclere</li> +<li class="names">Sent Quintin</li> +<li class="names">Sent Omere</li> +<li class="names">Sent Amond</li> +<li class="names">Sent Legere</li> +<li class="names">Someruile</li> +<li class="names">Siward</li> +<li class="names">Saunsovere</li> +<li class="names">Sanford</li> +<li class="names">Sanctes</li> +<li class="names">Sauay</li> +<li class="names">Saulay</li> +<li class="names">Sules</li> +<li class="names">Sorell</li> +<li class="names">Somerey</li> +<li class="names">Sent Iohn</li> +<li class="names">Sent George</li> +<li class="names">Sent Les</li> +<li class="names">Sesse</li> +<li class="names">Saluin</li> +<li class="names">Say</li> +<li class="names">Solers</li> +<li class="names"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8" ></a> +Saulay</li> +<li class="names">Sent Albin</li> +<li class="names">Sent Martin</li> +<li class="names">Sourdemale</li> +<li class="names">Seguin</li> +<li class="names">Sent Barbe</li> +<li class="names">Sent Vile</li> +<li class="names">Souremount</li> +<li class="names">Soreglise</li> +<li class="names">Sanduile</li> +<li class="names">Sauncey</li> +<li class="names">Sirewast</li> +<li class="names">Sent Cheueroll</li> +<li class="names">Sent More</li> +<li class="names">Sent Scudemore</li> +</ul> +<p class="initial">T</p> +<ul> +<li class="names">Toget</li> +<li class="names">Tercy</li> +<li class="names">Tuchet</li> +<li class="names">Tracy</li> +<li class="names">Trousbut</li> +<li class="names">Trainell</li> +<li class="names">Taket</li> +<li class="names">Trussel and Trison</li> +<li class="names">Talbot</li> +<li class="names">Touny</li> +<li class="names">Traies</li> +<li class="names">Tollemach</li> +<li class="names">Tolous</li> +<li class="names">Tanny</li> +<li class="names">Touke</li> +<li class="names">Tibtote</li> +<li class="names">Turbeuile</li> +<li class="names">Turuile</li> +<li class="names">Tomy and Taverner</li> +<li class="names">Trencheuile</li> +<li class="names">Trenchelion</li> +<li class="names">Tankeruile</li> +<li class="names">Tirell</li> +<li class="names">Triuet</li> +<li class="names">Tolet</li> +<li class="names">Trauers</li> +<li class="names">Tardeuile</li> +<li class="names">Turburuile</li> +<li class="names">Tineuile</li> +<li class="names">Torell</li> +<li class="names">Tortechappell</li> +<li class="names">Trusbote</li> +<li class="names">Treuerell</li> +<li class="names">Tenwis</li> +<li class="names">Totelles</li> +</ul> +<p class="initial">V</p> +<ul> +<li class="names">Vere</li> +<li class="names">Vernoun</li> +<li class="names">Vescy</li> +<li class="names">Verdoune</li> +<li class="names">Valence</li> +<li class="names">Verdeire</li> +<li class="names">Vauasour</li> +<li class="names">Vendore</li> +<li class="names">Verlay</li> +<li class="names">Valenger</li> +<li class="names">Venables</li> +<li class="names">Venoure</li> +<li class="names">Vilan</li> +<li class="names">Verland</li> +<li class="names">Valers</li> +<li class="names">Veirny</li> +<li class="names">Vauurvile</li> +<li class="names">Veniels</li> +<li class="names">Verrere</li> +<li class="names">Vschere</li> +<li class="names">Veffay</li> +<li class="names">Vanay</li> +<li class="names">Vian</li> +<li class="names">Verneys</li> +<li class="names">Vrnall</li> +<li class="names">Vnket</li> +<li class="names">Vrnafull</li> +<li class="names">Vasderoll</li> +<li class="names">Vaberon</li> +<li class="names">Valingford</li> +<li class="names">Venicorde</li> +<li class="names">Valiue</li> +<li class="names">Viuille</li> +<li class="names">Vancorde and Valenges</li> +</ul> +<p class="initial">W</p> +<ul> +<li class="names">Wardebois</li> +<li class="names">Ward</li> +<li class="names">Wafre</li> +<li class="names">Wake</li> +<li class="names">Wareine</li> +<li class="names">Wate</li> +<li class="names">Watelin</li> +<li class="names">Wateuil</li> +<li class="names">Wely</li> +<li class="names">Werdonell</li> +<li class="names">Wespaile</li> +<li class="names">Wiuell</li> +</ul> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<p>When king William had set all things in order through the most part of the realme, he +<span class="rightnote"><i>Sim. Dunel.</i></span> +deliuered the guiding thereof vnto his brother Odo, the bishop of Bayeux, and his coosine +<span class="rightnote">King William goeth ouer into Normandy. +<i>Hen. Hunt.</i> +<i>Polychron.</i> +<i>Sim. Dun.</i></span> +William Fits Osborne, whom he had made erle of Hereford. In Lent following he sailed +into Normandie, leading with him the pledges, and other of the chéefest lords of the +English nation: among whom, the two earles Edwine and Marchar, Stigand the archbishop, +Edgar Etheling, Walteoff sonne to Siward sometime duke of Northumberland, and +Agelnothus the abbat of Glastenburie were the most famous. Soone after his departing, +<span class="rightnote">Edricke Syluaticus.</span> +Edricke surnamed Syluaticus, sonne to Alfricke that was brother to Edricke de Streona, +refusing to submit himselfe vnto the king, rebelled and rose against such as he had left in +his absence to gouerne the land. Wherevpon those that laie in the castell of Hereford, as +<span class="rightnote">Richard Fits Scroope.</span> +Richard Fitz Scroope and others, did oftentimes inuade his lands, and wasted the goods +of his farmers and tenants: but yet so often as they attempted to inuade him, they lost manie +of their owne souldiers and men of war. Moreouer, the said Edricke calling to his aid +the kings of the Welshmen, Bleothgent and Rithwall, about the feast of the assumption of +<span class="rightnote">The riuer of Wye.</span> +our Ladie, wasted the countrie of Hereford, euen to the bridge of the riuer of Wye, and +obteined out of those quarters a maruellous great spoile. In the winter also following, +<span class="rightnote">King William returneth into England.</span> +and after king William had disposed his busines in Normandie, he returned into England, +and euen then began to handle the Englishmen somewhat sharpelie, supposing +thereby to kéepe them the more easilie vnder his obedience. He also took awaie from +diuerse of the Nobilitie, and others of the better sort, all their liuings, and gaue the same +<span class="rightnote"><i>H. Hunt.</i></span> +to his Normans. Moreouer, he raised great taxes and subsidies through the realme: nor +any thing regarded th' English Nobilitie, so that they who before thought themselues to +be made for euer by bringing a stranger into the realme, doo now see themselues troden +vnder foot, to be despised, and to be mocked on all sides, insomuch that many of them +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +were constreined (as it were for a further testimonie of seruitude and bondage) to shaue +their beards, to round their heare, and to frame themselues as well in apparell as in seruice +<a name="Page_9" id="Page_9" ></a><span class="pagenum">[9]</span> +and diet at their tables after the Norman manner, verie strange and farre differing from +the ancient customes and old vsages of their countrie. Others vtterlie refusing to susteine +such an intolerable yoke of thraldome as was dailie laid vpon them by the Normans, +chose rather to leaue all both goods & lands, & after the maner of outlawes got them +<span class="rightnote">Englishmen withdraw them to the woods as out lawes.</span> +to the woods, with their wiues, children, and seruants, meaning from thencefoorth wholie +to liue vpon the spoile of the countries adioining, and to take whatsoeuer came next to +hand: wherevpon it came to passe within a while that noe man might trauell in safetie +from his owne house or towne to his next neighbors, and euery quiet and honest mans +house became as it were an hold and fortresse furnished for defense with bowes and arrowes, +bills, polaxes, swords, clubs, and staues, and other weapons, the doores kept locked +and stronglie boulted in the night season, for feare to be surprised as it had beene in time +of open warr and amongst publike enimies. Praiers were said also by the maister of the +house, as though they had beene in the middest of the seas in some stormie tempest, and +when the windowes or doores should be shut in and closed, they vsed to saie <i>Benedicite</i>, +and others to answer, <i>Dominus</i>, in like sort as the preest and his penitent were woont to +doo at confession in the church.</p> + +<p>Notwithstanding all this, K. William sought to tame & vanquish those of the English +Nobilitie, who would not be at his becke. They againe on the other side made themselues +strong, the better to resist him, choosing for their chéefe capteines and leaders, the +earles Edwine & Edgar Etheling, who valiantlie resisted the Normans, and slue many of +them with great rage and crueltie. And as they thus procéeded in their matters, king +William being a politike prince, forward and painefull in his businesse, suffered them not +altogither to escape cléere awaie, but did sore annoy and put them oft to remediles losses, +though he abode in the meane time many laborious iournies, slaughters of his people, and +damages of his person. Herevpon the English Nobilitie euer after, yea in time of peace, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i><br /> +<i>Anno Reg. 2.</i><br /> +<i>Matth. Paris.</i> +<i>Matth. West.</i><br /> +Diuers of the English Nobilitie +forsake their natiue countrie.</span> +were hated of the king and his Normans, and at length were kept so short, that being +mooued partlie with disdaine, and partlie with dread, they got them out of the realme, +some into Scotland, some into Denmarke, others into Norway; and among these, the two +earles Edwine and Marchar, with certeine bishops & others of the cleargie, besides +manie also of the temporaltie, escaped into Scotland. Marleswine & Gospatricke, with +a great number of other the Nobles of Northumberland, Edgar Ethling with his mother +Agatha, and his sisters Christine and Margaret, chanced also to be driuen into Scotland +by tempest, as they sailed towards the coasts of Germanie, purposing to haue returned +into Hungarie, where the said Edgar was borne: howbeit being arriued in Scotland, he +found so friendlie entertainment there, that finallie Malcolme the third then king of that +realme, tooke his sister Margaret to wife, and Christine became a nunne, as in the Scotish +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +chronicles more plainelie dooth appéere. King William héereby perceiuing daily how +vnwilling the Englishmen were to be vnder his obeisance, was in feare of rebellious commotions; +and therefore to subdue them the better, he builded foure castels, one at Notingham, +<span class="rightnote">Two at York, wherein he left +fiue hundred men in garrison. +</span> +another at Lincolne, the third at Yorke, and the fourth néere vnto Hastings, +where he landed at his first comming into England.</p> + +<p>Moreouer, to reduce the English people the sooner vnto obedience and awe, he tooke +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i> +The Conquerour taketh frō the Englishmen their armour. +</span> +from them all their armour and weapons. He ordeined also that the maister of euerie +houshold about eight of the clocke in the euening, should cause his fire to be raked vp +ashes, his lights to be put out, and then go to bed. Besides this, to the end that euerie +man might haue knowledge of the houre to go to rest, he gaue order, that in all cities, +townes, and villages, where anie church was, there should a bell be roong at the said +houre, which custome is still vsed euen vnto this daie, +<span class="rightnote">Couer few first instituted.</span> +and commonly called by the French +word, <i>Couer few</i>, that is, <i>Rake vp the fier</i>.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1068.</span> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. West.</i></span> +This yeare, on Whitsunday, Maud the wife of king William was crowned Queene by +Aeldred archbishop of Yorke. The same yeare also was Henrie his sonn borne here in +England: for his other two sonns, Robert and William, were borne in Normandie before +<a name="Page_10" id="Page_10" ></a><span class="pagenum">[10]</span> +<span class="rightnote">Edmond the Great.</span> +he had conquered this land. About the same time alsoe Goodwine and Edmund surnamed +the great, the sonns of K. Harold, came from Ireland and landing in Somersetshire, fought +with Adnothus that had beene maister of their fathers horsses whom they slue with a great +number of others, and soe haueing got this victorie, returned into Ireland, from whence +they came with a great bootie which they tooke in their returne out of Cornewall, Deuonshire, +and other places thereabouts. In like manner, Excester did as then rebell, and +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i> +<i>Simon Dunelm.</i> +</span> +likewise the countrie of Northumberland, wherevpon the king appointed one of his capteines +named Robert Cumin, a right noble personage (but more valiant than circumspect) +to go against the northerne people with a part of his armie, whilest he himselfe and the +other part went to subdue them of Excester: where, at his comming before the citie, the +citizens prepared themselues to defend their gates and wals: but after he began to make +his approch to assaile them, part of the citizens repenting their foolish attempts, opened +the gates, and suffered him to enter. Thus having subdued them of Excester, he +greeuouslie punished the chéefe offendors. But the countesse Gita, the sister of Sweine +K. of Denmarke, and sometime wife to earle Goodwine, and mother to the last K. Harold, +with diuers other that were got into that citie, found meanes to flie, and so escaped +ouer into Flanders. King William hauing passed his businesse in such wise in Deuonshire, +hasted backe towards Yorke, being aduertised in the waie, that the Northumbers hauing +knowledge by their spials, that Robert generall of the Normans being come to Durham, +did not so diligentlie cause watch and ward to be kept about the towne in the night season +<span class="rightnote">This chaunced the 28. of Januarie on a Wednesday. +<i>Polydor.</i> +</span> +as was requisite, did set vpon him about midnight, & slue the same Robert with all his +companie, so that of seauen hundred which he brought with him, there was but one that +escaped to bring tidings to the king their souereigne.</p> + +<p>He heard also, how Edgar Etheling at the same time, being in the countrie, riding +abroad with a troope of horsemen, and hearing of the discomfiture of those Normans, +pursued them egerlie, and slue great numbers of them, as they were about to saue themselues +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +by flight, with which newes being in no small furie, he made speed forward, and +comming at the last into Northumberland, he easilie vanquished the foresaid rebels, and +putting the cheefe authors of this mutinie to death, he reserued some of the rest as captiues, +and of other some he caused the hands to be chopped off in token of their inconstancie +and rebellious dealing. After this he came to Yorke, and there in like sort punished +those that had aided Edgar, which doone, he returned to London.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1069.</span> +<span class="rightnote">Sweine and Osborne hath. +<i>Matth. Paris.</i> +</span> +In the meane time, those Englishmen that were fled (as you haue heard) into Denmarke, +by continuall sute made to Sueine then king of that realme, to procure him to +make a iournie into England for recouerie of the right descended to him from his ancestors, +at length obteined their purpose, in so much that king Sueine sent his sonnes +<span class="rightnote">Thrée hundred sailes saith <i>M. W.</i> +but <i>Sim. Dun.</i> hath 240. +</span> +Harold and Canutus toward England, who with a nauie of two hundred saile, in the companie +of Osborne their vncle, arriued in the mouth of Humber betwéene the two later +ladie daies, and there landing their people with the English outlawes, whom they had +brought with them, they straightwaies marched towards Yorke, wasting and spoiling the +countrie with great crueltie as they passed. Soone after also came Edgar, and such +other English exiles as had before fled into Scotland, and ioined their forces with them. +When the newes of these things were brought to Yorke, the people there were striken +with a maruellous feare, insomuch that Aeldred the archbishop (through verie greefe and +anguish of mind) departed this life. The Normans also which laie there in garrison, after +they vnderstood by their spies that the enimies were come within two daies iournie of +them, began not a little to mistrust the faith of the citizens, and bicause the suburbes +should not be any aid vnto them, they set fire on the same, which by the hugenesse of +the wind that suddenlie arose, the flame became so big, and mounted such a height, that +<span class="rightnote">Yorke burnt.</span> +it caught the citie also, and consumed a great part therof to ashes, togither with the minster +of S. Peter, and a famous librarie belonging to the same. Herevpon the Normans +and citizens in like maner were constreined to issue foorth at the same time, and +<a name="Page_11" id="Page_11" ></a><span class="pagenum">[11]</span> +being vpon the enimies before they had any knowledge of their approch, were forced to +trie the matter by disordered battell: whose number though it was far inferiour vnto +theirs, yet they valiantlie defended themselues for a time, till being oppressed with multitudes, +they were ouercome and slaine, so that there perished in this conflict, to the number +<span class="rightnote">Normans slaine.</span> +of three thousand of them. Manie of the Englishmen also that came with them to the +field, were saued by the enimies, to the end they might gaine somewhat by their ransomes, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +as William Mallet shirife of the shire, with his wife, and two of their children, Gilbert de +Gaunt, and diuers other. This slaughter chanced on a saturdaie, being the nineteenth +day of September; a dismall daie to the Normans.</p> + +<p>The two brethren hauing thus obteined this victorie, went on further into the countrie +of Northumberland, and brought the same wholie to their subiection, insomuch that all +the north parts were at their cōmandement. Upon this they meant to haue gone towards +<span class="rightnote">A sharpe winter, an enimie to warlike enterprises.</span> +London with the like attempt in the south parts, if the extreame and hard winter which +chanced that yeare, had not staied their enterprise, as it did king William from assailing +them; who hearing of all their dooings in the north countrie, would else full gladlie haue +<span class="rightnote">The Danes where they wintered. +<i>Hen. Hunt.</i> +<i>Polydor.</i></span> +set vpon them. In the meane time, the Danes wintered in Yorkeshire, betwixt the two +riuers Ouse and Trent; but so soone as the snow began to melt, and the yce to thaw and +waste away, king William sped him with great hast toward his enimies into Yorkeshire, +and comming to the riuer of Trent, where it falleth into Humber, he pitched his tents +there, to refresh his people, for his enimies were at hand. The daie following he brought +his armie into the field to fight with the Danish princes, who likewise in battell araie met +them. Then began a right sore and terrible battell, continuing a long space in equall +balance, till at length in one of the Danish wings the Norman horsemen had put their +enimies to flight. Which when the residue of the Danes perceiued, and therewith put in +a sudden feare, they likewise fled. Harold and Canutus with a band of hardie souldiers +that tarried about them, retired backe (though with much a doo and great danger) vnto +their ships. Edgar also, by helpe of good horses, escaped into Scotland with a few in +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +his companie. Earle Walteof, who had fought most manfullie in that battell, & slaine +manie Normans with his owne hands, was reconciled into the kings fauour: but the residue +<span class="rightnote"><i>Hen. Hunt.</i> +<i>Wil. Malm.</i> +</span> +were for the most part taken prisoners, and killed. William of Malmesburie +writeth, that king William comming at that time into the north parts, besieged the citie of +Yorke, and putting to flight a great armie of his enimies that came to the succour of +them within, not without great losse of his owne souldiers, at length the citie was deliuered +into his hands; the citizens and other that kept it, as Scots, Danes, and Englishmen, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Sim. Dunel.</i></span> +being constreined thereto through lacke of vittels. Other write, how the Danes, +being loden with riches and spoiles gotten in the countrie, departed to their ships before +the comming of king William. Here is not to be forgotten, that (as Iohn Leland hath +noted) whilest the Conquerour held siege before Yorke, at the earnest request of his wife +Quéene Maud, he aduanced his nephew Alane earle of Britaine, with the gift of all those +lands that sometime belonged vnto earle Edwine, the tenor of which gift insueth:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Earle Edwines lands giuen vnto Alane earle of Britaine.</span> +"Ego Gulihelmus cognomine Bastardus, do & concedo tibi nepoti meo Alano Britanniæ +comiti, & hæredibus tuis in perpetuum, omnes illas villas & terras, quæ nuper +fuerunt comitis Eadwini in Eborashira, cum feodis militum & alijs libertatibus & consuetudinibus, +ita liberè & honorificè sicut idem Eadwinus ea tenuit. Dat. in obsidione coram +ciuitate Eboraci:" that is, "I William surnamed Bastard, doo giue and grant to thee my +nephue Alane earle of Britaine, and to thine heires for euer, all those townes and lands +that latelie were earle Eadwines in Yorkeshire, with the knights fees and other liberties +and customes, so freelie and honourablie as the said Eadwine held the same. Giuen in +our seege before the citie of Yorke."</p> +</div> + +<p>The earle of Britaine, being a man of a stout stomach, and meaning to defend that +<span class="rightnote">Castell of Richmont.</span> +which was thus giuen to him, built a strong castell neere to his manor of Gillingham, and +named it Richmont. The first originall line of the earles of Richmont +<a name="FNanchor_1_2" id="FNanchor_1_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>that bare their +<a name="Page_12" id="Page_12" ></a><span class="pagenum">[12]</span> +title of honor of this castell and towne of Richmont (as Leland hath set downe the same) +is this: Eudo earle of Britaine, the sonne of Geffrey, begat three sonnes, Alane le Rous, +otherwise Fregaunte, Alane the blacke, and Stephan. These three brethren after their +<span class="rightnote">Earle of Britaine.</span> +fathers decease, succéeded one another in the earledome of Britaine; the two elder, Alane +the red and Alane the blacke died without issue. Stephan begat a sonne named Alane, +who left a sonne, which was his heire named Conan, which Conan married Margaret the +daughter of William king of Scotland, who bare him a daughter named Constantia, which +Constantia was coupled in marriage with Geffrey sonne to king Henrie the second, who +had by hir Arthur, whom his vncle King John, for fear to be depriued by him of the +crowne, caused to be made awaie; as some have written. But now to returne where we +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i><br /> +<i>Matth. Paris</i> maketh mention but of +Sweine and Osborne whom he calleth brethren.</span> +left touching the Danes. Simon Dunel. affirmeth, that Harold and Canute or Cnute the +sonnes of Sweine king of Denmarke, with their vncle earle Osborne, and one Christianus +a bishop of the Danes, and earle Turketillus were guiders of this Danish armie, & that +afterwards, when king William came into Northumberland, he sent vnto earle Osborne, +promising him that he would permit him to take vp vittels for his armie about the sea +coastes; and further, to giue him a portion of monie, so that he should depart and returne +home as soone as the winter was passed. But howsoeuer the matter went with the +Danes, certain it is by the whole consent of writers, that king William hauing thus subdued +his enimies in the north, he tooke so great displeasure with the inhabitants of the +countrie of Yorkeshire and Northumberland, that he wasted all the land betwixt Yorke +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malms.</i></span> +and Durham, so that for the space of threescore miles, there was left in maner no habitation +for the people, by reason whereof it laie wast and desert for the space of nine or ten yeares. +¶ The goodlie cities with their towers and steeples set vp on a statelie height, and reaching +as it were into the aire: the beautifull fields and pastures, watered with the course of +sweet and pleasant riuers, if a stranger should then haue beheld, and also knowne before +they were thus defaced, he would surely haue lamented: or if any old inhabitant had +béene long absent, & newly returned thither, had séene this pitifull face of the countrie, +he would not haue knowne it, such destruction was made through out all those quarters, +whereof Yorke it selfe felt not the smallest portion. The bishop of Durham Egelwinus +with his cleargie fled into holy Iland with S. Cuthberts bodie, and other iewels of the +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +church of Durham, where they tarried three moneths and od daies, before they returned to +Durham againe. The kings armie comming into the countrie that lieth betwixt the riuers +Theise and Tine, found nothing but void feelds and bare walles; the people with their +goods and cattell being fled and withdrawne into the woods and mountaines, if any thing +were forgotten behind, these new gests were diligent inough to find it out.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote"><i>Anno Reg.</i> 4.<br /> +1070. +</span> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +In the beginning of the spring, king William returned to London, and now after all these +troubles, began to conceiue greater hatred against the Englishmen than euer before; so as +doubting that hee should neuer by gentlenesse win their good willes, he now determined +by a harder measure to meete with them; insomuch that he banished a great number, +other some also (not a few) he spoiled of their goods, those especiallie of whom he was in +hope to gaine any great portion of substance.</p> + +<p>Thus were the Englishmen generallie in danger to lose life, lands and goods, without +knowledge, or orderlie proceeding in iudgement, so that no greater miserie in the earth +could be imagined, than that whereinto our nation was now fallen. He tooke from the +<span class="rightnote">Priuileges and fréedoms revoked.</span> +townes and cities, from the bishops sées and abbeies all their ancient priuileges and freedoms, +to the end they should not onely be cut short and made weaker, but also that they +(for the obteinment of their quietnesse) might redeeme the same of him for such summes +of monie as pleased him to exact. Among other things, he ordeined that in time of warre +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +they should aide him with armor, horsse and monie, according to that order which he +should then prescribe: all which he caused to be registred, inrolled, and laid vp in his +treasurie. But diuerse of the spirituall persons would not obey this ordinance, whom he +banished without remorse.</p> + +<p> +<a name="Page_13" id="Page_13" ></a><span class="pagenum">[13]</span> +<span class="rightnote">Stigand. Alexander bishop of Lincolne.<br /> +<i>Polydor.</i><br /> +The hard deling of K. William against the Englishmen.</span> +About this time the archbishop Stigand, and Alexander bishop of Lincolne fled to Scotland, +where they kept themselues close for a season. But the king still continued in his +hard procéeding against the Englishmen, insomuch that now protesting how he came to +the gouernance of the realme only by plaine conquest, he seized into his hands most part +of euery mans possessions, causing them to redeeme the same at his hands againe, and yet +reteined a propertie in the most part of them; so that those that should afterwards enioy +them, should acknowledge themselues to hold them of him, in yéelding a yéerlie rent to +him and his successors for euer, with certeine other prouisions, whereby in cases of forfeiture +the same lands should returne to him, and his said successors againe. The like +order he appointed to be vsed by other possessors of lands, in letting them forth to their +<span class="rightnote">The institution of the foure Termes.</span> +tenants. He ordeined also, that the Termes should be kept foure times in the yéere, in +such places as he should nominate, and that the iudges shuld sit in their seuerall places to +iudge and decide causes and matters in controuersie betwixt partie and partie, in manner +as is vsed vnto this day. He decréed moreouer, that there should be shiriffes in euerie +shire, and iustices of the peace to keepe the countries in quiet, and to sée offendors +punished. Furthermore, he instituted the court of the +<span class="rightnote">The Excheker.</span> +Excheker, and the officers belonging +to the same, as the barons, the clearks, and such other, and also the high court +<span class="rightnote">The Chancerie.</span> +of Chancerie.</p> + +<p>After he had in this sort ordeined his magistrates and ministers of the lawes, he lastlie +tooke order what ordinances he would haue obserued: wherevpon abrogating in maner all +the ancient lawes vsed in times past, and instituted by the former kings for the good order +<span class="rightnote">New lawes.</span> +and quietnes of the people, he made new, nothing so equall or easie to be kept; which +neuerthelesse those that came after (not without their great harme) were constreined to +obserue: as though it had beene an high offense against GOD to abolish those euill lawes, +which king William (a prince nothing friendly to the English nation) had first ordeined, +and to bring in other more easie and tollerable. ¶ Here by the waie I giue you to note a +great absurditie; namelie, that those lawes which touched all, and ought to be knowne of +<span class="rightnote">The lawes were written in the Norman toong.</span> +all, were notwithstanding written in the Norman toong, which the Englishmen vnderstood +not; so that euen at the beginning you should haue great numbers, partlie by the iniquitie +of the lawes, and partlie by ignorance in misconstruing the same, to be wrongfullie condemned: +some to death, and some in the forfeitures of their goods; others were so intangled +in sutes and causes, that by no means they knew how to get out, but continuallie +were tossed from post to piller; in such wise that in their minds they curssed the time that +euer these vnequall lawes were made.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Matters to be tried by a Iurie of 12. men.</span> +The maner for the triall of causes in controuersie, was deuised in such sort as is yet +vsed. Twelue ancient men (but most commonlie vnlearned in the lawes) being of the +same countie where the sute laie, were appointed by the iudges to go togither into some +close chamber, where they should be shut vp, till vpon diligent examination of the matter +they should agrée vpon the condemnation or acquiting of the prisoner, if it were in criminall +causes; or vpon deciding in whom the right remained, if it were vpon triall of +things in controuersie. Now when they were all agréed, they came in before the iudges, +declaring to what agréement they were growne: which doone, the iudges opened it to the +offendors or sutors, and withall gaue sentence as the qualitie of the case did inforce and +require. There may happilie be (as Polydor Virgil saith) that will mainteine this maner +of procéeding in the administration of iustice by the voices of a iurie, to haue béene in +vse before the conquerors daies, but they are not able to prooue it by any ancient records +of writers, as he thinketh: albeit by some of our histories they should séeme to be first ordeined +by Ethelred or Egelred. Howbeit this is most true, that the Norman kings themselues +would confesse, that the lawes deuised and made by the Conqueror were not verie +equall; insomuch that William Rufus and Henrie the sonnes of the Conqueror would at +all times, when they sought to purchase the peoples fauor, promise to abolish the lawes +ordeined by their father, establish other more equall, and restore those which were vsed +<a name="Page_14" id="Page_14" ></a><span class="pagenum">[14]</span> +in S. Edwards daies. The like kind of purchasing fauour was vsed by king Stéephen, and +other kings that followed him. But now to the matter, king William hauing made these +ordinances to keepe the people in order, set his mind to inrich his cofers, and therevpon +caused first a tribvte to be leuied of the commons; then the abbeies to be searched, and +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i> +<i>Matth. West.</i><br /> +<i>Wil. Mal.</i> +<i>Wil. Thorne.</i><br /> +Abbeis searched.</span> +all such monie as any of the Englishmen had laid vp in the same, to be kept. Besides all +this, he seized into his hands their charters of priuileges made to them by the Saxon kings +of the land, and spared not so much as the iewels and plate dedicated to sacred vses. All +this did he (as some write) by the counsell of the earle of Hertford.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i><br /> +<i>Simon Dun.</i><br /> +<i>Wil. Thorne.</i><br /> +<i>Polydor.</i><br /> +<i>Sim. Dunel.</i><br /> +Stigand archbishop of Canturburie depriued.</span> +Shortlie after betwixt Easter and Whitsuntide, a great synod was holden at Winchester +by the bishops and cleargie, where Ermenfred the bishop of Sion or Sitten, with two cardinals +Iohn and Peter sent thither from pope Alexander the second, did sit as chéefe commissioners. +In this synod was Stigand the archbishop of Canturburie depriued of his +bishoprike, for three speciall causes.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p>1 First, for that he had wrongfullie holden that bishoprike, whilest the archbishop Robert +was liuing.</p> + +<p>2 Secondlie, for that he kept the see of Winchester in his hands, after his inuestiture +vnto Canturburie, which he ought not to haue doone.</p> + +<p>3 Thirdlie, for that he had receiued the pall at the hands of pope Benedict the tenth, +whom the cardinals, as one not lawfullie elected, had deposed.</p> +</div> + +<p>Howbeit, manie writers burthen king William (who was present at this synod) for the +procuring of Stigand his depriuation, to the end he might place a stranger in his roome. +For as he had rooted out the English Nobilitie, and giuen awaie their land and liuings to +his Normans; so meant he to turne out the English cleargie from bearing any office of +honor within the realme, which meaning of his did well appeare at his councell, wherin +<span class="rightnote">Agelmarus bishop of Thetford was one that was deposed.<br /> +<i>Simon Dun.</i> +<i>Matt. Paris.</i></span> +diuers bishops, abbats, and priors were deposed, and Normans preferred to their places. +Stigand after his depriuation was kept in perpetuall prison at Winchester, till he died, +and yet (as some write) the same Stigand was an helper vnder hand for king William to +atteine the crowne.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Thomas a canon of Bayeux made archbishop of Yorke.<br /> +Lanfranke consecrated archbishop of Canturburie.<br /> +<i>Matth. Westm.</i> hath the eight Kal. of Maie, +but <i>Wil. Mal.</i> and <i>Eadmerus</i> +the fourth Kal. of September.<br /> +<i>Wil. Mal.</i> <i>Eadmerus.</i></span> +In the feast of Pentecost next insuing, the king being at Windsor, gaue the archbishoprike +of Yorke vnto one +Thomas, a canon of Bayeux, and to Walkelme one of his chaplins +he gave the Bishoprike of Winchester. After this, calling one Lanfranke an Italian +from Caen where he was abbat, he made him archbishop of Canturburie, who was consecrated +there in the feast of S. John Baptist, in the yeare folowing, which was after the +birth of our Sauiour +<span class="yearnote">1071. <br /> +An. Reg. 5.</span> +1071. The foresaid Thomas was the fiue and twentith bishop that +had gouerned in that see of Yorke, & Lanfranke the thrée & thirtith in the see of Canturburie. +But yer long, betwixt these two archbishops there rose great contention for the +primasie of their churches, in so much that the archbishop of Yorke appealed to Rome, +where they both appeared personallie before pope Alexander, in whose presence Lanfranks +cause was so much fauoured, that not onelie the foresaid Thomas, but also Remigius +the bishop of Dorchester were for reasonable causes depriued of their crosiers and +rings: and Lanfranke at their humble request was a meane to the pope for them in the +end, that they might be restored to their staues, which was accordinglie obteined. For +when the pope heard Lanfranke declare in their fauour, how necessarie their seruice might +be to the king, in the establishment of his new gotten kingdome, he said to Lanfranke; +"Well, looke you then to the matter, you are the father of that countrie, and therefore +consider what is expedient to be done therein: their staues which they haue surrendered, +there they be, take them, and dispose them as you shall thinke most profitable for the aduancement +of the christian religion in that countrie." Wherevpon, Lanfranke tooke the +staues, and deliuered them to the former possessours, and so were they in the popes presence +restored to their former dignities. One cause why Thomas was depriued (as some +writers saie) was, for that he had holpen duke William towards his iournie into England +when he came to conquer it, for the which pleasure to him then shewed, the duke promised +<a name="Page_15" id="Page_15" ></a><span class="pagenum">[15]</span> +him a bishoprike, if euer he obteined victorie ouer the English: an other cause, for +that he was a priests sonne. Now, when the pope vnderstood the full ground of their +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +contention to be for the primasie of the two sees, Canturburie and Yorke, and had heard +what could be alledged on both sides, he remitted the determination thereof to the king +and bishops of England, that by the histories and records of the land, the matter might be +tried, iudged, and ordered.</p> + +<p>Wherefore, at their comming home, and after long debating and discussing of the cause +(as in William Marleburgh it appeareth more at large) at a synod holden at Windsor, in +<span class="yearnote">Anno Reg. 6.<br /> +1072. +</span> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. West.</i><br /> +The subiection of the archbishoprike of Yorke, +to the archbishoprike of Canterburie.</span> + yeare 1072, sentence was giuen on Lanfranks side, so that in all things concerning religion +and the faith of holie church, the archbishop of Yorke should be euer subiect to +the archbishop of Canturburie, and come with all the bishops of his prouince to what place +soeuer the archbishop of Canturburie should summon any councell within the realme of +England. Moreouer, when anie elected bishop of Canturburie was to be consecrated, the +archbishop of Yorke (for the time being) should come to Canturburie, and consecrate +him there. And if the archbishop of Yorke was to be installed and consecrated, then +should he come to Canturburie, or to what place it should please the archbishop of Canturburie +to assigne, and there to be confirmed of him, taking an oth with profession of due +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> +The archbishop of Yorke, acknowledged primate of all Scotland. +</span> +obedience vnto the higher see. Now, as the said Thomas of Yorke did yéeld obedience +to Lanfranke of Canturburie, so likewise the elect bishop of Glascow in Scotland named +Michaell, was soone after consecrated of the foresaid Thomas archbishop of Yorke, and +made an oth of obedience vnto the said archbishop, as to the primate of all Scotland: and +after him Tothade the bishop of S. Andrewes did the like, by commandement of Malcolme +the third of that name king of Scotland, and Margaret his wife, who thought good +by this recognisance of obedience and dutie, so to prouide against further inconuenience +to come, that hereafter, one of the bishops of their realme should not take vpon them to +consecrate an other: or doo any thing contrarie to the ancient decrées of the old fathers, +that might be preiudiciall to the authoritie of the archbishop of Yorke, at whose appointment +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ranulph Cestren.</i> lib. 1. cap. 57. & lib. 7. cap. 2.</span> +those and the like things were accustomed to be doone. In this controuersie (or the +like) it is left written, that in a court held at Rome (the time is not mentioned) the pope +perceiuing the strife betwéene these two prelats to be but for the highest place or primasie +in the church; he solemnlie gaue sentence, that the sée of Yorke should haue +in title Primas Angliæ, & Canturburie Primas totius Angliæ, which titles doo yet remain +to them both.</p> + +<p>But to leaue this, and to speake of other things which chanced in the meane time that +this controuersie depended betwixt the two archbishops, I find that Edwin and Marchar +earles of Mertia and Northumberland, hauing of late obteined pardon for their former +misdemeanor, & reconciled to the king, began now so much to mislike the state of the +world againe, as euer they did before. For perceiuing how the Englishmen were still oppressed +with thraldome & miserie on ech hand, they conspired, & began a new rebellion, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matt. Paris.</i></span> +but with verie ill successe, as shall herafter appeare. The king vnderstanding +of their dealings, and being not onelie armed throughlie with temporall force, but also +endued with the spirituall power of his archbishop Lanfranke (who aided him in all that +he might, for the suppressing of those rebels) wasted the countries excéedinglie, where he +vnderstood that they had gotten any releefe, minding vtterlie to vanquish them with +sword, fire and hunger, or by extreame penurie to bring them vnder. They on the other +part make as stout resistance; and perceiuing that it stood them vpon, either to vanquish +or to fall into vtter ruine, they raise a mightie strong host, and make Edgar Etheling their +capteine, a comelie gentleman and a valiant, in whome also the whole hope of the English +nation was reposed, as appeareth by this his accustomed by-word, Edgar Etheling Englands +dearling. Amongst other noble men that were chiefe dooers in the assembling of +this armie, Frederike abbat of S. Albons, a prelate of great wealth and no lesse puissance, +was a principall.</p> + +<p><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16" ></a><span +class="pagenum">[16]</span> + The king perceiuing his estate to be now in no small danger, is in a great perplexitie +what to doo, in the end, he counselleth with the said Lanfranke archbishop of Canturburie, +how he might remedie the matter; who told him that in such a desperate case, the +best waie for him should be to séeke by faire words and friendly offers to pacifie the English +Nobilitie, which by all meanes possible would neuer ceasse to molest him in the recouerie +of their liberties. Wherevpon he made meanes to come to some agréement with them, +and so well the matter procéeded on his side, that the Englishmen being deceiued through +his faire promises, were contented to common of peace, for which purpose they came also +vnder the conduct of the abbat Frederike vnto Berkamsted, where (after much reasoning +and debating of the matter for the conclusion of amitie betwixt them) king William in the +presence of the archbishop Lanfranke and other of his lords, tooke a personall oth vpon +all the relikes of the church of S. Albons, and the holie euangelists (the abbat Frederike +ministring the same vnto him) that he would from thencefoorth obserue and keepe the +good and ancient approoued lawes of the realme, which the noble kings of England his +predecessors had made and ordeined heretofore; but namelie those of S. Edward, which +were supposed to be most equall and indifferent.</p> + +<p>The peace being thus concluded, and the Englishmen growne thereby to some hope of +further quietnesse, they began to forsake their alies, and returned each one, either to his +owne possessions, or to giue attendance vpon the king. But he warilie cloking his inward +purpose, notwithstanding the vnitie latelie made, determineth particularlie to assaile +his enimies (whose power without doubt so long as it was vnited, could not possiblie be +ouercome, as he thought) and being now by reason of this peace disseuered and dispersed, +he thought it high time to put his secret purposes in execution: wherevpon taking them +at vnwares and thinking of nothing lesse than warres and sudden inuasion, he imprisoneth +manie, killeth diuers, and pursueth the residue with fire and sword, taking awaie their +goods, possessions, lands, and inheritances, and banishing them out of the realme. In +the meane time, those of the English Nobilitie, which could escape this his outragious +tyrannie, got awaie, and amongst other, Edgar Etheling fled againe into Scotland: but +Edwin was slaine of his owne souldiers, as he rode toward Scotland. Earle Marchar, and +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ran. Higa.</i> +<i>H. Hunt.</i> +<i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +one Hereward, with the bishop of Durham named Egelwinus, got into the Ile of Elie, in +purpose there to defend themselues from the iniurie of the Normans, for they tooke the +place (by reason of the situation) to be of no small strength. Howbeit king William endeuouring +to cut them short, raised a power, and stopped all the passages on the east side, +and on the west part he made a causie through the fennes, of two miles in length, whereby +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> +<i>Hen. Hunt.</i> +<i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +he got vnto them, and constreined them to yeeld. But Marchar, or (as others haue) +Hereward, foreséeing the imminent danger likelie to take effect, made shift to get owt of +the Ile by bote, and so by spéedie flight escaped into +Scotland. +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +The bishop of Durham +being taken, was sent to the abbey of Abingdon, to be kept as prisoner, where he was so +sparinglie fed, +<span class="rightnote">Some write that he was so stubborne-harted, +that after he knew he should remaine +in perpetuall prison, he refused his meate, +and so pined himselfe to death.</span> +that within a short space he died for hunger.</p> + +<p>In this meane time, and whilest king William was thus occupied in rooting out the +English, Malcolme king of Scotland had wasted the countries of Theisedale, Cleueland, +and the lands of S. Cuthbert, with sundrie other places in the north parts. Wherevpon +Gospatrike being latelie reconciled to the king & made earle of Northumberland, was +sent against him, who sacked and destroied that part of Cumberland which the said Malcolme +by violence had brought vnder his subiection. At the same time Malcolme was at +Weremouth, beholding the fire which his people had kindled in the church of Saint Peter +to burne vp the same, and there hearing what Gospatrike had doone, he tooke such displeasure +thereat, that he commanded his men they should leaue none of the English nation +<span class="rightnote">A bloudie cōmandment executed vpon the English by the Scots.</span> +aliue, but put them all to the sword without pity or compassion, so oft as they came to +hand. The bloudie slaughter which was made at this time by the Scots, through that +cruell commandement of Malcolme, was pitifull to consider, for women, children, old and +yong, went all one way: howbeit, manie of those that were strong and able to serue for +<a name="Page_17" id="Page_17" ></a><span class="pagenum">[17]</span> +drudges and slaues, were reserued, and carried into Scotland as prisoners, where they remained +manie yeares after; in so much that there were few houses in that realme, but had +one or mo English slaues and captiues, whom they gat at this vnhappie voiage. Miserable +was the state of the English at that time, one being consumed of another so vnnaturallie, +manie of them destroied by the Scots so cruellie, and the residue kept vnder by +the king so tyrannicallie.</p> + +<p>But to returne to the purpose in hand, king William hearing of all these things, was not +a little mooued at the same, but chéefelie with Malcolme king of Scots, for that his +countrie was the onelie place wherein all the mal-contents of his realme had their refuge. +Wherfore, thinking to reuenge the losse of his subiects, and to bring that realme also vnto +his subiection, he went thither with an huge armie, about the middle of August, where he +first inuaded the bounds of Galloway, bicause he heard how the English were latelie fled +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor</i></span> +thither. But after he had wearied his souldiers in vaine pursuit of them (who kept themselues +in the mountaines and marres grounds) he gaue ouer the enterprise, and drew towards +Lothiam, where king Malcolme laie with all his power, & sundrie English fugitiues, +with whome he determined by battell either to end his trouble, or else to loose his +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +life. Now as both the kings with their armies were readie to encounter, Malcolme began +to doubt somewhat of the fiersenesse of the battell, bicause he saw the great puissance +and readie willes of the English and Normans to fight, wherevpon he sent an harrold to +<span class="rightnote"><i>H. Hunt.</i></span> +king William to treat of peace, wherewith he was content at the last (though with much +adoo) and so a vnitie insued betwixt them, vpon these conditions; namelie, that king +<span class="rightnote">The king of Scots did homage to king William for Scotland.</span> +Malcolme should doo homage to king William for the realme of Scotland, and therevpon +deliuer sufficient hostages: and that on the other side, king William should pardon all +the English outlawes in Scotland which then rebelled against him. The place where this +peace was concluded, was called Abirnethi. After this, king William returned into England, +where he yer long tooke the earledome of Northumberland from Gospatrike, and +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +gave it to Waltheof the sonne of Siward; bicause of right it séemed to descend vnto him +<span class="rightnote">The kings iustice.</span> +from his father, but cheefelie from his mother Alfreda, who was the daughter of Aldred +sometime earle of that countrie.</p> + +<p>At the same time also the king caused a castell to be built at Durham, and returned to +London, where he receiued aduertisement that his subiects in Normandie toward the +parties<a name="FNanchor_1_3" id="FNanchor_1_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> of Angiew had begun a rebellion against him. Heerevpon with all spéed he +leuied an armie, whereof the most part consisted of English (whose seruice he liked rather +in a forren countrie than in their owne) and sailed ouer into Normandie, where he easilie +subdued his enemies by the valiancie of the English, whom from thenceforth he began +somewhat to fauour and better thinke of than before. Yoong Edgár also grew in verie +good credit with him, for though he had twise broken his oth of allegiance, and run to +the Scots as a rebell, yet now of his owne motion, returning to the king and crauing +pardon, he was not onelie receiued, but also highlie honoured and preferred in his +court.</p> + +<p>The yeare 1074. thrée moonks of the prouince of Mercia, purposing to restore religion +after their maner within the prouince of Northumberland, came into Yorke, and required +<span class="rightnote">Mountcaster now Newcastell.</span> +of Hugh Fitz Baldricke (then shirife of the shire) to haue safe conduct vnto Monkaster, +which afterwards hight Newcastell, and so is called to this day. These moonks, whose +names were Aldwin, Alswin, and Remfred, comming unto the foresaid place, found no +token or remanent of any religious persons, which sometime had habitation there (for all +was defaced and gone:) wherevpon, after they had remained there a while, they remooued +to Jarrowe, where finding the ruines of old decaied buildings and churches, perteining +in times past to the moonks that there inhabited, they had such assistance at the +hands of Walkher bishop of Durham, that at length, by the diligent trauell and sute of +these moonks, three monasteries were newlie founded and erected in the north parts, one +at Durham, an other at Yorke, and the third at Whitby. For you must consider, that +<a name="Page_18" id="Page_18" ></a><span class="pagenum">[18]</span> +by the inuasion of the Danes, the churches and monasteries throughout Northumberland +were so wasted and ruinated, that a man could scarselie find a church standing in all that +countrie, as for those that remained, they were couered with broome or thatch: but as +for any abbey or monasterie, not one was left in all the countrie, neither did any man (for +the space of two hundred yeares) take care for the repairing or building vp of any thing +in decaie, so that the people of that countrie wist not what a moonke ment, and if they +saw any, they woondered at the strangenesse of the sight.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 9. <br /> +1075.</span> +<span class="rightnote">Rafe Earle of Cambridge.<br /> +<i>Matth. West.</i> +<i>Matth. Paris.</i> +<i>Hen. Hunt.</i> +<i>Simon Dun.</i><br /> +A rebellion raised against K. William.</span> +Whilest the king remained thus in Normandie, Roger earle of Hereford (contrarie to the +kings mind and pleasure) married his sister vnto Rafe earle of Cambridge, or (as other +haue) Northfolke, and withall began a new conspiracie against him. Amongst other also +of the associats, earle Walteof the sonne of earle Siward was one, who afterward mistrusting +the successe of this deuise, first vttered it to archbishop Lanfranke, and by his +aduice sailed ouer into Normandie, and there disclosed the whole matter to king William: +but in the meane time, the other two earles; namelie, Hereford and Cambridge had so +farre procéeded in the matter, that they were vp in armour. Howbeit, Wolstan bishop +of Worcester, and Egelwine abbat of Euesham, with the shirife of Worcester & Walter +Lacie, so resisted the earle of Hereford, that he could not passe the Seuerne to ioine +<span class="rightnote"><i>Iohn Pike.</i></span> +with the earle of Cambridge. On the other side, Odo the bishop of Bayeux, and Geffrey +the bishop of Constances pursued the earle of Cambridge so narrowlie with an other +armie, which they had gathered of the English and Normans, that they constreined him to +flée into Britaine, whereby the rebellion was verie much appeased.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 10. <br /> +1076.</span> +In the meane time, the king vnderstanding by earle Walteof how the matter went in +England, came ouer with all speed out of Normandie, & within a short space brought +the residue of the conspirators into such a feare, that they were scattered and put to +flight, without attempting anie further exploit or conspiracie against him. Manie of them +also were apprehended and put to death, among whom Roger and Walteof were most famous. +<span class="rightnote"><i>H. Hunt.</i> +Earle Walteof beheaded. +</span> +And though Walteof (as yée haue heard before) disclosed the treason, yet to the +end he should offend no more hereafter, he was beheaded at Winchester by the kings +commandement, and his bodie hauing béene first buried in the same place where he +suffered, was afterward conueied vnto Crowland, and there more honorablie interred.</p> + +<p>This earle Walteof or Waldeue was sonne (as ye haue heard) to Siward the noble earle +of Northumberland, of whose valure in the time of K. Edward the confessor ye haue +heard. His son the foresaid Walteof in strength of bodie and hardinesse did, not degenerate +from his father, for he was tall of personage, in sinews and musculs verie strong +and mighty. In the slaughter of the Normans at Yorke, he shewed proofe of his prowesse, +in striking off the heads of manie of them with his owne hands, as they came foorth of the +gates singlie one by one: yet afterwards, when the king had pardoned him of all former +offenses, and receiued him into fauour hée gaue to him in mariage his néece Judith the +daughter of Lambert earle of Lens, sister to Stephen erle of Albermare, and with hir he +<span class="rightnote">Earledome of Huntingdon.</span> +had of the kings gift, all the lands and liberties belonging to the honor of Huntingdon; in +consideration whereof, he assigned to hir in name of hir dower, all the lands that he +held from Trent southward. Shée bare by him two daughters, Maud and Alice: +We find, that he was not onlie earle of Northumberland, but also of Northampton and +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +Huntingdon.</p> + +<p>The countesse of Cambridge or Northfolke (as other haue) wife of earle Rafe, being, +fled into the citie of Norwich, was besieged in the same by the kings power, which +pressed the citie so sore, as it was forced for verie famine to yéeld; but yet by composition; +namelie, that such as were besieged within, should depart the realme, as persons abiured +and banished the land for euer. This was the end of the foresaid conspiracie. At this +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> +<i>Hen. Hunt.</i> +<i>Simon Dun.</i> +<i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +verie time the Danes being confederate with these rebels, and by them solicited, set forth +towards England vnder the leading of Cnuto, sonne to Sueno, and earle Haco, and (vnlooked +for) arriue here in England with two hundred sailes. But hearing that the ciuill +<a name="Page_19" id="Page_19" ></a><span class="pagenum">[19]</span> +tumult was ended, and seeing no man readie either to countenance or encourage them in +their enterprise, they sailed first into Flanders, which they spoiled, and after into their +owne countrie, with little desire or will to come againe into England. King William also +vnderstanding that they were thus departed, passed ouer into Britaine, and there besieged +the castell of Doll that belonged to Rafe earle of Cambridge or Northfolke: but by the +comming of Philip the French king, king William being vnprouided of sufficient vittels +for his armie, was constreined to raise his siege, although with great losse both of men +and horsses.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 11. <br /> +1077.</span> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i> +An earthquake, a long frost, a comet. +</span> +On the 27. daie of March was a generall earthquake in England, and in the winter following +a frost that continued from the first of Nouember vntill the middle of Aprill. A +blasing starre appeered on palme sundaie, beeing the sixteenth daie of Aprill, about six of +the clocke, when the aire was faire and cleere.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Married préests.</span> +About the same season, pope Gregorie perceiuing that married préests did choose rather +to run into the danger of his cursse, than to forsake their wiues, meaning to bridle +them by an other prouiso, gaue commandment by his bull published abroad, that none +should heare the masse of a married préest.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 12. <br /> +1078.</span> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> +A synod holden at London. +Bishops sées remoued.</span> +King William after his comming from the siege of Doll, remained a certeine time in +quiet, during which season, Lanfranke the archbishop called a synod or counsell of the +cleargie at London, wherein amongst other things it was ordeined, that certeine bishops +sées should be remoued from small townes to cities of more fame, whereby it came to +passe that Chichester, Exceter, Bath, Salisburie, Lincolne & Chester were honored with +sees and palaces of bishops, whereas before they kept their residence at Sellewey, +Kirton, Welles, Shireborne, Dorchester, and Lichfield.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Woolstan.</i></span> +At this synod also Woolstan bishop of Worcester was present, whom Lanfranke would +haue deposed for his insufficiencie of learning; as he colourablie pretended, but indeed to +pleasure the king, who faine would have placed a Norman in his roome: +but (as they saie) +by a miracle which he presentlie wrought, in causing his crosier staffe to sticke fast in the +toome of saint Edward (to whom he protested and said he would resigne it, for that he obteined +the same by his gift) he did put the king and the archbishop into such feare, that +they suffered him still to enioy his bishoprike without any further vexation. These things +with other (touching a reformation in the church and cleargie) being handled in this councell, +it was soone after dissolued.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 13. <br /> +1079.</span> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i> +<i>Matth. West.</i> +</span> +In the yeare following, king William led a mightie armie into Wales, and subdued it; +receiuing of the rulers and princes there their homages and hostages. About the same time, +Robert the kings eldest sonne, a right worthie personage, but yet as one of nature somewhat +vnstable, entered into Normandie as a rebell to his father, and by force tooke diuers +places into his hands. Which he did by the practise of Philip the French king, who now +began to doubt of the great puissance of king William, as foreseeing how much it might +preiudice him, and the whole realme of France in time to come. Wherefore to stop the +<span class="rightnote">The French king setteth the sonne against the father.</span> +course of his prosperous successe, he deuised a meane to set the sonne against the father. +True it is that king William had promised long afore to resigne the gouernment of Normandie +vnto the said Robert his sonne. Wherevpon the yoong man, being of an ambitious +nature, and now pricked forward by the sinister counsell of his adherents, seeketh +to obteine that by violence, which he thought would be verie long yer he should atteine by +curtesie. King William hereof aduertised, was not a little mooued against his disobedient +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i> +<i>Matth. Paris.</i> +</span> +sonne, and curssed both him and the time that euer he begat him. Finallie, raising an +armie, he marched towards him, so that they met in the field. Assoone as the one came +in sight of the other, they encountred at a place called Archenbraie, and whilest the +battell was at the hottest, and the footmen most busied in fight, Robert appointed a power +of horssemen to breake in upon the réereward of his enemies; & he himselfe following +after with all his might, chanced among other to haue a conflict with his owne father, so +that thrusting him through the arme with his lance, he bare him beside his horsse, and +<a name="Page_20" id="Page_20" ></a><span class="pagenum">[20]</span> +<span class="rightnote">The sonne ouerthroweth the father.</span> +ouerthrew him to the ground. The king being falne, called to his men to remount him. +Robert perceiuing by his voice that it was his father, whom he had vnhorssed, spéedilie +alighted, and tooke him vp, asking him forgiuenesse for that fact, and setting him vp on +his owne horsse, brought him out of the prease, and suffered him to depart in safetie. +King William being thus escaped out of that present danger, and séeing himselfe not able +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +to resist the puissance of his enimies, left the field to his son, hauing lost many of his men +which were slaine in battell and chace, besides a great number that were hurt and +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +wounded, among whom his second sonne William surnamed Rufus or Red, was one; +and therefore (as some write) he bitterlie curssed his son Robert, by whom he had susteined +such iniurie, losse, and dishonor. Howbeit, other write, that for the courtesie +which his sonne shewed, in releeuing and helping him out of danger, when he was cast off +<span class="rightnote">The father and the sonne made friends.</span> +his horsse, he was mooued with such a fatherlie affection, that presentlie after they were +made friends, the father pardoned his sonne all his former offenses, and therevpon found +him euer after more tractable and obedient than before.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 14. <br /> +1080.</span> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dunel.</i></span> +After this battell, king William being thus accorded with his sonne, returned with him +into England, and immediatlie sent him against Malcolme king of Scotland, who hauing +broken the truce in time of the trouble betwixt king William and his sonne, had doone +much hurt by forraies vpon the English borders, wasting all Northumberland euen to the +riuer of Tine. Howbeit, when he heard that Robert approched with his armie towards +him, he retired into Scotland. Robert Curthuze then lodged with his armie vpon the +<span class="rightnote">The foundation of New castell upon Tine, +which before that season was called Moncaster. +</span> +banks of the riuer of Tine, where he began the foundation of a castell, whereof the towne +Newcastell did after take both beginning and name, for before this season it was called +Moncaster.</p> + +<p>About the same time, Odo the bishop of Bayeux was sent to Northumberland, to reuenge +the death of Walkher bishop of Durham, whom not long before the people of +Northumberland had slaine in a tumult. The occasion of his death grew by the death of +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +one Liulfus, a noble man of those quarters, and déerelie beloued of the people, bicause he +was descended of honorable parentage, and had married the ladie Algitha daughter vnto +earle Alered, and sister to Alfleda the mother of earle Walteof.</p> + +<p>This Liulfus, a man of great possessions through England, now that the Normans ruled +in all places, quietlie withdrew himselfe vnto Durham, and grew into such familiaritie and +credit with the bishop, that touching the order of temporall matters, he would doo nothing +without his aduice. Whereat Leofwin the bishops chapline conceiued such enuie +(for that he was not so often called to counsell as before) that in the end he procured by +his malicious meanes one Gilbert (to whom the bishop had committed the rule of the earledome) +to murther the said Liulfus by night in his manor place not farre from Durham. +Whereof the bishop hauing vnderstanding, and knowing that the matter would be +gréeuouslie taken of the people, sent out letters and messengers into the countrie, offering +to purge himselfe of the slaughter of this man, according to the order of the canon lawes: +howbeit he did nothing lesse. Among other things concerning his purgation, he said +that he had banished Gilbert and others, (who had committed the murther) out of +Northumberland. Hervpon the malice of the people was kindled against him. For +when it was knowne that he had receiued the murtherers into his house, and fauoured +them as before, they stomached the matter highlie: insomuch that when by the trauell of +those that went to and fro betwixt the bishop and the kinsfolks of Liulfus, a daie was appointed, +on the which the bishop should come to farther communication with them at +Gateshead, he repaired thither according to his promise, but refusing to talke with them +abroad, he kept himselfe still within the church, and sent foorth such of his counsell as +should commune with them. But when the people that were there gathered in great +numbers, had signified in plaine words that he should either come foorth and shew himselfe +amongst them, or else that they should fire the place where he sat: he caused +Gilbert to go foorth vnto them first, whom they slue, and his partakers also that issued +<a name="Page_21" id="Page_21" ></a><span class="pagenum">[21]</span> +out of the church with him for his defense. But when the peoples furie was not so +quenched, the bishop himselfe casting the skirts of his gowne ouer his face, came likewise +foorth, and was immediatlie slaine of the people. After this, they set the church on +fire, bicause Leofwine the bishops chapline and others were yet within, and refused to +come foorth: howbeit in the end, being compelled by the rage of the fire to come out, the +said Leofwine was also slaine and hackt in péeces (as he had well deserued) being the ringleader +of all the mischéefe.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Note the sequele of the neglect of iustice in the former storie.</span> +¶ Thus maie we sée what followed of the neglecting of iustice in the bishop: for if he +either banished Gilbert and other his complices (accordinglie as he pretended to +doo) or otherwise had séene due punishment executed against them, the peoples rage +had neuer proceeded so far as it did: for they could not persuade themselues, but that +the bishop was guiltie and priuie to Liulfus death, sith he had receiued the murtherers +into his house, the verie same night in which the fact was done, and kept them still +about him, which his bearing with them cost him his owne life. But now to the +historie.</p> + +<p>When bishop Odo was come into those parties to reuenge the bishops death with an +armie (as we haue said) he sore afflicted the countrie, by spoiling it on euerie side with +great crueltie. Here king William placed and displaced diuerse rulers ouer the Northumbers: +<span class="rightnote"><i>Sim. Dunel.</i><br />Copsi.</span> +for first he appointed one Copsi to haue the rule of that countrie, in place +of Marchar who before had held the same. This Copsi expelled Osulfe the sonne of +earle Edulfe brother to earle Aldred, which Osulfe was substitute vnto the earles Edwine +and Marchar, who although he was driuen out of his gouernement by Copsi, yet recouering +his forces againe, he slue the same Copsi as he entred into the church of Newburne. +But within a few moneths after, the same Osulfe (as he ran with his horsse +against a theefe) was thrust through the bodie with a speare, which the theefe held in +<span class="rightnote">Gospatrike.</span> +his hand, and so died. Then Gospatrike was assigned by king William to haue the +gouernement there: whose mother Aldgitha was daughter to Vthred sometime earle of +Northumberland begotten vpon Elfgiua the daughter of king Egelred.</p> + +<p>Some write, that Gospatrike purchased the earledome of king William, and so held +it, till the king tooke it from him againe, and then gaue it vnto earle Walteof or Waldeue. +Next after him Walkher the foresaid bishop of Durham had the whole administration +committed to him, but (after he was slaine as yée haue heard) one Alberike +<span class="rightnote">Robert Mulbray earle of Northumberland.</span> +ruled that countrie, and lastlie, Robert Mulbray a right noble personage (for his wisedome +and valiancie highlie renowmed with all men) was created earle of Northumberland, +and gouerned the people of those parties in such politike and wise order, that +during his time, it is hard to saie, whether his quietnesse or the obedience of the people +was greater.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The foundation of vniuersitie colledge in Oxford.</span> +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 15. <br /> +1081.</span> +In like manner, after the foresaid Walkher; one William was created bishop of Durham, +who was the originall founder of vniuersitie colledge in Oxford, and by whose +assistance, the moonkes gaping both for riches, ease, and possessions, found the means +to displace the secular priests of the colledge of Durham, that they might get into their +roomes, as they did indeed soone after, to their great gaine and aduantage. But to +returne againe to the course of the historie. Shortlie after the reuenge of the death of +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 16. <br /> +1082</span> +<span class="rightnote">Odo suspected and banished.</span> +Walkher bishop of Durham, the fornamed bishop Odo, the kings brother was suspected +of some vntruth and sinister dealing, wherevpon he was sent as a banished +man into Normandie, or rather (as other write) committed to prison, where he remained, +not as a clerke, but as a baron of the realme; for he was both bishop and earle of Kent.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 17. <br /> +1083.</span> +The king hauing at length obteined some rest from wars, practised by sundrie meanes +to inrich his cofers, and therefore raised a tribute through out the whole kingdome; +for the better leuieng whereof, he appointed all the subiects of his realme to be numbred, +all the cities, townes, villages, and hamlets to be registred, all the abbies, monasteries, +<a name="Page_22" id="Page_22" ></a><span class="pagenum">[22]</span> +and priories to be recorded. Moreouer, he caused a certificat to be taken of +euerie mans substance, and what he might dispend by the yeare; he also caused their +names to be written which held knights fees, and were bound thereby to serue him in +<span class="rightnote">Plow land.</span> +the wars. Likewise he tooke a note of euerie yoke of oxen, & what number of +plow lands, and how manie bondmen were within the realme. This certificat +being made & brought vnto him, gaue him full vnderstanding what wealth remained +among the English people. Herevpon he raised his tribute, taking six +shillings for euerie hide of land through out this realme, which amounted to a +great masse of monie when it was all brought togither into his Excheker. +<span class="rightnote"><i>Geruasius Tilberiensis</i>.<br /> +The true definition of a hide of land. +</span> +¶ Here note by the waie, that an hide of land conteineth an hundred acres, and an +acre conteineth fortie perches in length, and foure in bredth, the length of a perch is +sixtéene foot and an halfe: so that the common acre should make 240. perches; & +eight hides or 800. acres is a knights fée, after the best approued writers and plaine +demonstration. Those therefore are deceiued, that take an hide of land to conteine +twentie acres (as William Lambert hath well noted in his De priscis Anglorum legibus) +where he expoundeth the meaning of the old Saxon termes perteining to the +lawes.</p> + +<p>But to procéed & come, a little after the temporals dealing, to some of the spirituall +affaires. It hapned about the same time, that when king William had finished the rating +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 18. <br /> +1084.</span> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i> +<i>Simon Dun.</i><br /> +Thurston abbat of Glastenburie.<br /> +William of Fescampe.</span> +of his subiects, that there rose a strife betwixt Thurstane abbat of Glastenburie a Norman, +and the moonkes of that house. One cause thereof was, for that the abbat would +haue compelled them to haue left the plaine song or note for the seruice which pope +Gregorie had set foorth, and to haue vsed an other kind of tune deuised by one William +of Fescampe: beside this, the said abbat spent and wasted the goods that belonged +to the house, in riot, leacherie, and by such other insolent meanes (withdrawing also +from the moonkes their old accustomed allowance of diet) for the which they first fell +<span class="rightnote"><i>Hen. Hunt.</i> +<i>Wil. Malm.</i> +have two slaine and xiiij hurt.</span> +at altercation in words, and afterwards to fighting. The abbat got armed men about +him, and falling vpon the moonkes, slue thrée of them at the high altar, and wounded +xviij. Howbeit the moonkes for their parts plaied the pretie men with formes and candelsticks, +defending themselues +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matt. Westm.</i></span> +as well as they might, so that they hurt diuers of the +abbats adherents, and droue them out of the quier.</p> + +<p>In the end, complaint hereof was brought to the king, by whose iudgement the matter +was so ordered, that Thurstane lost his roome, and returned vnto Caen in Normandie +from whence he came, and the moonkes were spred abroad into diuerse houses of +religion through the realme, Glastenburie being replenished with more quiet persons, +and such as were supposed readier to praie than to quarell, as the other did: yet is it +said, that in the time of William Rufus this Thurstane obteined the rule of that abbeie +againe for fiue hundred pounds.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Sim. Dunel.</i> +<i>Hen. Marle.</i> +<i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +There be which write, that the numbring of men and of places, the valuation of +goods and substance, as well in cattell as readie monie, was not taken till about the xix. +yéere of this kings reigne (although the subsidie afore mentioned was gathered about +two yeares before of euerie hide of land as yée haue heard) and that the certificat hereof +<span class="rightnote"><i>Hen. Marle.</i> <i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 19.</span> +being inrolled, was put into the kings treasurie at Winchester, in the xix. yeare of his +reigne, and not in the xvj. But in what yeare soeuer it was, and howsoeuer the writers +agrée or disagree herein; certaine it is, that the same was exacted, to the great gréefe +and impouerishment of the people, who sore lamented the miserable estate whereinto they +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> +<i>Matth. Paris.</i> +</span> +were brought, and hated the Normans in their harts to the verie death. Howbeit, the more +they grudged at such tolles, tallages, customes, and other impositions wherewith they were +pressed; the more they were charged and ouerpressed. The Normans on the other side +<span class="rightnote">The Conquerour séeketh to kéepe the English men low.</span> +with their king perceiuing the hatred which the English bare them, were sore offended, +and therefore sought by all meanes to kéepe them vnder. Such as were called to be iustices, +were enimies to all iustice; wherevpon greater burdens were laid upon the English, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +<a name="Page_23" id="Page_23" ></a><span class="pagenum">[23]</span> +insomuch that after they had béene robbed and spoiled of their goods, they were also +debarred of their accustomed games and pastimes. For where naturallie (as they doo +vnto this daie) they tooke great pleasure in hunting of déere, both red and fallow, in the +<span class="rightnote">The forrests seized into the kings hands. +<i>Matth. Paris.</i> +</span> +woods and forrests about without restraint, king William seizing the most part of the same +forests into his owne hands, appointed a punishment to be executed vpon all such offendors; +namelie, to haue their eies put out. And to bring the greater number of men in +danger of those his penall lawes (a pestilent policie of a spitefull mind, and sauoring altogither +of his French slauerie) he deuised meanes how to bréed, nourish, and increase the +multitude of déere, and also to make roome for them in that part of the realme which +lieth betwixt Salisburie and the sea southward: he pulled downe townes, villages, churches, +and other buildings for the space of 30. miles, to make thereof a forrest, which at this +<span class="rightnote">New forrest.</span> +daie is called New forrest. The people as then sore bewailed their distres, & greatlie +lamented that they must thus leaue house & home to the vse of sauage beasts. Which +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i><br /> +An earthquake.<br /> +<i>Polydor.</i></span> +crueltie, not onelie mortall men liuing here on earth, but also the earth it selfe might +seeme to detest, as by a woonderfull signification it séemed to declare, by the shaking +and roaring of the same, which chanced about the 14. yeare of his reigne (as writers +haue recorded.) There be that suppose how the king made that part of the realme waste +and barren vpon a policie, to the intent that if his chance were to be expelled by ciuill +wars, and he compelled to leaue the land, there should be no inhabitants in that part of +the Ile to resist his arriuall vpon his new returne.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1085.</span> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i><br /> +A rumor spred of the coming of the Danes. +</span> +But to go foorth with our purpose. About the same time, a rumor was spred in England +that Sueine king of Denmarke meant to inuade England with a puissant armie, hauing +the assistance of the earle of Flanders whose daughter he had maried. Whervpon +king William being then in Normandie, reteined a great power of French soldiers, both +archers and footmen which togither with his Normans he brought ouer into England in +haruest season, and meaning to disburthen himselfe of the charge of their keeping, he +caused their finding and wages to be borne by the lords and peeres of the realme, by the +shirifs of shires, and other officers. Howbeit, when he vnderstood that the Danes changed +<span class="yearnote">Anno 20.</span> +their purpose, and would not hold on their iourneie, he dismissed part of his power, and +sent them home againe, keeping the residue all the winter with him in England, readie for +his defense, if anie rebellion or other necessitie should befall.</p> + +<p> +<span class="yearnote">1086.</span> +The same yeare, he kept his Christmasse at Glocester, and made his sonne Henrie +knight at Westminster in Whitsunwéeke insuing. Shortlie after, calling togither aswell +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. West.</i><br /> +An oth taken to be true to the king. +</span> +<span class="yearnote">1087.</span> +lords spirituall as temporall he caused them, all to sweare fealtie to him and his heires +after him in the possession of this kingdome.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Great sickenes reigning. Murren of cattell.<br /> +<i>Matth. West.</i><br /> +Paules church burned.<br /> +<i>Simon Dun.</i> +<i>Ran. Higd.</i> +<i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +About this season, the people in all places were pitifullie plaged with burning feuers, +which brought manie to their end: a murren also came to their cattell, whereof a woonderfull +number died. At the same time (which is more maruellous) tame foules, as hens, +géese, & peacocks, forsaking their owners houses, fled to the woods and became wild. +Great hurt was doone in manie places of the realme by fire, and speciallie in London, +where vpon the 7. daie of Julie a sudden flame began, which burnt Paules church, and +a great part or the citie downe to the verie ground.</p> + +<p>Now when K. William had taken the oth of fealtie and loialtie of all his lords, Edgar +Etheling, who was reconciled vnto his fauour (as you haue heard) obteining licence of him +to depart the realme for a season, sailed into Puglia with two hundred souldiers: of +whose acts there and returne into England I spare to speake, bicause I find little or nothing +of moment recorded. And now king William, who hauing brought the Englishmen +<span class="yearnote">An. Reg. 21.</span> +so lowe and bare, that little more was to be got out of their hands, went once againe +ouer into Normandie with an huge masse of mony, where soone after he fell sicke, so +that he was constrained to keepe his bed longer than he had beene accustomed to doo, +whereat Philip the French king in iesting manner said, that king William his cousine laie +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i> +<i>Matth. Paris.</i> +</span> +now in childbed (alluding belike to his big bellie, for he was verie corpulent) and withall +<a name="Page_24" id="Page_24" ></a><span class="pagenum">[24]</span> +added; "Oh what a number of candels must I prouide to offer vp at his going to church! +certeinelie I thinke that 100000. will not suffice," &c. This frumping spéech so moued the +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i> +<i>Ran. Higd.</i> +</span> +king, that he made this answere: "Well, I trust when I shall be churched, that our cousine +shall be at no such cost, but I will helpe to find him a thousand candels myselfe, and light +them too, to some of their paines, if God grant me life." Which promise he bound with +an oth, and in déed performed. For in Julie next insuing, when their corne, fruit, and +<span class="rightnote">He inuadeth France.<br /> +<i>Gemeticensis</i>.<br /> +The citie of Maunt burnt by K. William.<br /> +<i>Matth. West.</i> +<i>Matth. Paris.</i></span> +grapes were most florishing, and readie for the sickle, he entered France with a great +armie, set fire on manie of their cities and townes in the west side of that countrie, and +came at last to the citie of Maunt, which he burnt with the church of our ladie, and an +ankresse inclosed in the wall thereof as an holie closet, for the force of the fire was such +as all went to wrecke. In this heat king William tooke such a sicknesse (which was likewise +aggrauated by the fall of an horsse as he rode to and fro, bicause he was not able +to trauell on foot about his palace by reason of his disease) that cost him his life; so +<span class="rightnote">King William departed this life.<br /> +<i>Simon Dun.</i> +<i>Matth. West.</i><br /> +The lix. of his age hath <i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +that when he had ordeined his last will, and taken order for the staie of things after his +decease, he departed this life on the 9. day of September, in the yeare after the birth +of our Saviour 1087. and 74. (as Polydor saith) of his age, hauing gouerned Normandie +about 51. yeres, and reigned ouer England 20. yeares, ten moneths, and 28. daies (as +all writers doo report.)</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">He set all prisoners at libertie saith <i>Wil. Malm.</i><br /> +<i>Polydor.</i> +</span> +Not long before his death, he released his brother Odo bishop of Bayeux out of prison, +Marchar earle of Northumberland, and Wilnotus the sonne of king Harold, or (as some +say) his brother. Moreouer he repented him (as some say) when he lay on his death +bed, of his cruell dealing with the English, considering that by them he had atteined to +such honour and dignitie, as to weare the crown and scepter of a kingdome: but whether +he did so or not, or that some moonke deuised the excuse in fauour of the prince: +surely he was a puissant prince, and though his time was troublesome, yet he was right +fortunate in all his attempts. Againe, if a man shall consider that in a strange realme +he could make such a conquest, and so exactlie and readilie assure the same to his heires, +with new lawes, orders and constitutions (which are like for euer to endure) he would +thinke it a thing altogither void of credit. Yet so it was, and so honourable were his +dooings in the sight of the world, that those kings, which succeeded sithens his death, +begin their account at him, as from one that had by his prudence renewed the state of +the realme, and instituted an other forme of regiment, in atchiuing whereof he did not +so much pretend a rightfull challenge by the grant of his coosine king Edward the Confessor, +as by the law of armes and plaine conquest, than the which (as he supposed) there +could be no better title.</p> + +<p>Herevpon also those that haue sithens succeeded him, vse the same armes as peculiar +to the crowne of England, which he vsed in his time; namelie, three lions passant +<span class="rightnote">He bare but two lions or rather leopards as some thinke.</span> +gold in a field gewels (as Polydor writeth) the three floure delices were since that time +annexed thereto by Edward the third, by reason of his claime to the crowne of France, +whereof hereafter ye shall heare. Among other greeuances which the English susteined +by the hard deling of the Conquerour, this is to be remembered, that he brought Jewes +into this land from Rouen, and appointed them a place to inhabit and occupie.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +There be that write, how the inconstancie of the English people by their oft rebellions +occasioned the king to be so rough and rigorous against them; wheras (of his naturall +disposition and proper inclination) he was rather gentle and courteous than sharpe +and cruell. But sith he continued his extremitie euen to his last daies, we may rather +beléeue, that although from his childhood he shewed some tokens of clemencie, bountie, +and liberalitie; yet by following the wars, and practising to reigne with sternenesse, he +became so inured therewith, that those peaceable vertues were quite altered in him, and +in maner clearelie quenched. He was indued with a certeine stoutnesse of courage +and skill in feats of warre, which good hap euer followed: he was frée from lecherous +lusts, without suspicion of bodilie vices, quicke of wit, desirous of honor, painefull, +<a name="Page_25" id="Page_25" ></a><span class="pagenum">[25]</span> +watchfull, and able to tolerate heat and cold, though he were tall of stature, and verie +grosse of bodie.</p> + +<p>Toward the end of his daies he waxed verie deuout, and became desirous to aduance +the state of the church, insomuch that he builded thrée abbeies in three seuerall places, +endowing them with faire lands and large possessions, one at the place where he vanquished +king Harold, fiue miles from Hastings, which he named Battell, of the field there +fought: the other at Celby in Yorkeshire: and the third in Normandie at Caen, where +his wife Quéene Maud had builded a nunnerie, which Maud died in the yéere 1084, before +the decease of the king hir husband.</p> + +<p>After his death, his bodie was buried in Caen, in S. Stephans church; but before it +<span class="rightnote">They gaue him an hundred pound, saith <i>Hen. Marle.</i></span> +could be committed to the ground, the executors were constreined to agree with the lord +of the soile where the church stood, which (as he said) the king in his life time had +iniuriouslie taken from him, and gaue him a great summe of monie to release his title.</p> + +<p>¶ By this we may consider the great miserie of mans estate, in that so mightie a prince +could not haue so much ground after his death as to couer his dead corps, without dooing +iniurie to another. This also may be a speciall lesson for all men, and namelie for +princes, noblemen, and gentlemen, who oftentimes to enlarge their owne commodities, +doo not regard what wrong they offer to the inferiour sort.</p> + +<p>The said king William had by Maud his wife the daughter of Baldwine earle of Flanders, +foure sonnes, Robert surnamed Curthose (vnto whome he bequeathed the duchie +of Normandie) Richard who died in his youth, William surnamed Rufus, to whom he +gaue by testament the realme of England, and Henrie surnamed Beauclerke for his cunning, +knowledge and learning, vnto whom he bequethed all his treasure and mooueable +goods, with the possessions that belonged to his mother. Besides these foure sonnes, he +<span class="rightnote"><i>Hen. Marle.</i></span> +had also by his said wife fiue daughters, Cecilie, who became a nunne; Constance, who +was married to Alane duke of Britaine; Adela, who was giuen in mariage to Stephan +earle of Blois (of whom that Stephan was borne which reigned after Henrie the first) +Adeliza, who was promised in mariage to Harold king of England (as before you haue +heard) but she died yer she was maried either to him, or to any other, and so likewise +did the fift, whose name I cannot reherse.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Iohn Rous.</i></span> +But to conclude, though king William held the English so vnder foot, that in his daies +almost no Englishman bare any office of honor or rule in his time, yet he somewhat fauoured +the citie of London, and at the earnest sute of William a Norman then bishop +of that see, he granted vnto the citizens the first charter, which is written in the Saxon +toong, sealed with greene wax, and expressed in viij. or ix. lines at the most, exemplified +according to the copie, and so printed, as followeth.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p>"Williem King grets Williem Bisceop & Godfred Porterefan, & ealle ya Burghwarn +binnen London Frencisce, & Englise frendlice, & Ickiden eoy, yeet ic wille yeet git ben +ealra weera lagayweord, ye get weeran on Eadwerds daege kings. And ic will yeet aelc +child by his fader yrfnume, aefter his faders daege. And ic nelle ge wolian, yeet aenig +man eoy aenis wrang beode. God eoy heald."</p> + +<p>"Wilhelmus rex salutat Wilhelmum Episcopum, & Goffridum Portegrefium, & omnem +Burghware infra London Frans. & Angl. amicabiliter. Et vobis notum facio, quòd ego +vole quòd vos sitis omni lege illa digni qua fuistis Edwardi diebus regis. Et volo quòd +omnis puer sit patris sui hæres post diem patris sui. Et ego nolo pati quòd aliquis homo +aliquam iniuriam vobis inferat. Deus vos saluet."</p> +</div> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. Paris.</i> +<i>Hen. Hunt.</i> +</span> +But howsoeuer he vsed the rest of the English, this is recorded of some writers, that +by his rigorous proceedings against them, he brought to passe that the countrie was so rid +of theeues and robbers, as that at length a maid might haue passed through the land with +a bag full of gold, and not haue met with any misdooer to haue bereft hir of the same: +a thing right strange to consider, sith in the beginning of his reigne there were such routs +<a name="Page_26" id="Page_26" ></a><span class="pagenum">[26]</span> +of outlawes and robbers, that the peaceabler people could not be safelie possessed of +their owne houses, were the same neuer so well fortified and defended.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Iohn Rous.</i> +<i>Hen. Marle.</i> +</span> +Among manie lawes made by the said William, this one is to be remembred, that such +as forced any woman, should lose their genitals.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Salisburie vse.</span> +In this kings daies also liued Osmond the second bishop of Salisburie, who compiled +the church seruice, which in times past they commonlie called after Salisburie vse.</p> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Shooting.</span> +The vse of the long bowe (as Iohn Rous testifieth) came first into England with this +king William the Conquerour: for the English (before that time) vsed to fight with axes +and such hand weapons: and therefore in the oration made by the Conquerour before +he gaue battel to king Harold, the better to encourage his men, he told them they should +encounter with enimies that wanted shot.</p> + +<p>In the yeare of our Lord 1542. Monsieur de Castres bishop of Baieulx and abbat of +Saint Estienne in Caen, caused the Sepulchre of this William to be opened, wherein his +bodie was found whole, faire and perfect; of lims, large and big; of stature and personage, +longer than the ordinarie sort of men: with a copper plate fairlie gilt, and this +epitaph therevpon ingrauen:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Qui rexit rigidos Normannos, atque Britannos<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Audacter vicit, fortiter obtinuit,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Et Cœnomenses virtute contudit enses,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Imperijq. sui legibus<a name="FNanchor_1_4" id="FNanchor_1_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> applicuit,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Rex magnus parua iacet hæc Guilhelmus in urna:<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Sufficit & magno parua domus domino,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Ter septem gradibus se voluerat atq. duobus<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Virginis in gremio Phœbus, & hic obijt:"<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p class="nogap">that is;</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Who ouer Normans rough did rule, and ouer Britons bold<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Did conquest stoutlie win, and conquest woone did stronglie hold:<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Who by his valure great the fatal vprores calmed, in maine,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">And to obeie his powers and lawes, the Manceaux did constraine:<br /></span> +<span class="i0">This mightie king within this little vault entoomed lies,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">So great a lord sometime, so small a roome dooth now suffice.<br /></span> +<span class="rightnote"><i>W. Patten</i> collecteth this to be the 23. +after the sun was in <i>Virgo</i>: +which is the 6. of Septēber.</span> +<span class="i0">When three times seuen and two by iust degrees the sunne had tooke<br /></span> +<span class="i1">His woonted course in Virgos lap, then he the world forsooke."<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p class="lastline">Thus far William Conquerour.</p> + +<div class="footnotes"> +<h3 >Transcriber's notes</h3> +<p>There are no footnotes in the original. The original spelling and +punctuation have been retained, with the exception of obvious errors +which have been corrected by reference to the 1587 edition of which +the original is a transcription.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_1_1"> + <span class="label">[1]</span> + </a> Original reads 'l d'; corrected to 'led'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_1_2" id="Footnote_1_2"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_1_2"> + <span class="label">[2]</span></a> Original reads '(that bare their title'; opening parenthesis removed.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_1_3" id="Footnote_1_3"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_1_3"> + <span class="label">[3]</span></a> Original reads 'the the parties'; corrected to 'the parties'.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> + <a name="Footnote_1_4" id="Footnote_1_4"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_1_4"> + <span class="label">[4]</span></a> Original reads 'suilegibus'; corrected to 'sui legibus'.</p> +</div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and +Ireland (2 of 6): England (1 of 12), by Raphael Holinshed + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND *** + +***** This file should be named 16738-h.htm or 16738-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/7/3/16738/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Louise Pryor and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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