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diff --git a/16669-h/16669-h.htm b/16669-h/16669-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c818383 --- /dev/null +++ b/16669-h/16669-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2398 @@ + <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> + + <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" + content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> + <title>Project Gutenberg E-Book: Chronicles (1 of 6): The Historie of England (8 of 8) - Raphael Holinshed </title> + <style type="text/css"> + + body { + background: #ffffff; + margin-left:14%; + margin-right:14%; + } + + p { + text-align: justify; + } + + td.left { + font-weight: bold; + text-align: left; + } + + td.right { + font-weight: bold; + text-align: right; + } + + blockquote { + text-align: justify; + margin-left: 25%; + } + + p.indent { + margin-left: 25%; + } + + p.indentq { + margin-left: 30%; + } + + p.indent1 { + margin-left: 10%; + } + + p.indent1a { + margin-left: 15%; + } + + p.center { + text-align: center; + } + + span.indent1 { + margin-left: 1em; + } + + span.indent2 { + margin-left: 2em; + } + + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; + } + + span.rightnote { + position: absolute; + left: 88%; + right: 1%; + font-size: 0.7em; + text-align: left; + } + + span.leftnote { + position: absolute; + left: 1%; + right: 88%; + font-size: 0.7em; + text-align: left; + } + + span.leftnote1 { + position: absolute; + left: 7%; + right: 88%; + font-size: 0.7em; + text-align: left; + } + + span.page { + position: absolute; + left: 0%; + right: 88%; + font-size: 0.7em; + color: #aaaaaa; + text-align: left; + } + + span.right { + text-align: right; + font-size: 0.9em; + } + + span.foo { + font-size: 0.9em; + font-weight: bold; + } + + hr { + text-align: center; + width: 10%; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + color: #000000; + } + + hr.medium {width: 30%; + color: black; + } + + hr.full {width: 70%; + color: black; + } + + a:link { + text-decoration: none; + } + + a:visited { + color: blue; + text-decoration: none; + } + + a:hover { + color: blue; + background: #ffffff; + text-decoration: none; + } + + a:active { + text-decoration: underline; + } + + a.contents:link { + color:#000000; + text-decoration:none; + } + + a.contents:visited { + color:#000000; + text-decoration:none; + } + + a.contents:hover { + color:blue; + background:#ffffff; + text-decoration:none; + } + + a.contents:active { + color: #0000ff; + text-decoration:underline; + } + + </style> + + </head> + <body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles (1 of 6): The Historie of +England (8 of 8), by Raphael Holinshed + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Chronicles (1 of 6): The Historie of England (8 of 8) + The Eight Booke of the Historie of England + +Author: Raphael Holinshed + +Release Date: September 7, 2005 [EBook #16669] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORIE OF ENGLAND *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Lesley Halamek and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + <a name="page739" id="page739"></a><span class="page">[Page 739]</span> +<br /><br /><br /> + +<h3>THE EIGHT BOOKE</h3> + +<h5>OF THE</h5> + +<h2>HISTORIE OF ENGLAND.</h2> +<br /><br /><br /> + + + <hr class="full" /> +<h2>CONTENTS</h2> +<table width="80%" align="center" border="0" summary="contents"> +<tr> + <td class="left" width="70%"> <br /></td> + <td class="right" valign="top">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td class="left" width="70%" valign="top"> + <a class="contents" href="#first8">THE FIRST CHAPTER</a></td> + <td class="right" valign="top"><a href="#page739">739</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + + <td class="left" width="70%" valign="top"> + <a class="contents" href="#second8">THE SECOND CHAPTER</a></td> + <td class="right" valign="top"><a href="#page741">741</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td class="left" width="70%" valign="top"> + <a class="contents" href="#third8">THE THIRD CHAPTER</a></td> + <td class="right" valign="top"><a href="#page744">744</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + + <td class="left" width="70%" valign="top"> + <a class="contents" href="#fourth8">THE FOURTH CHAPTER</a></td> + <td class="right" valign="top"><a href="#page746">746</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td class="left" width="70%" valign="top"> + <a class="contents" href="#fift8">THE FIFT CHAPTER</a></td> + <td class="right" valign="top"><a href="#page748">748</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + + <td class="left" width="70%" valign="top"> + <a class="contents" href="#sixt8">THE SIXT CHAPTER</a></td> + <td class="right" valign="top"><a href="#page750">750</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td class="left" width="70%" valign="top"> + <a class="contents" href="#seuenth8">THE SEUENTH CHAPTER</a></td> + <td class="right" valign="top"><a href="#page752">752</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + + <td class="left" width="70%" valign="top"> + <a class="contents" href="#eight8">THE EIGHT CHAPTER</a></td> + <td class="right" valign="top"><a href="#page755">755</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td class="left" width="70%" valign="top"> + <a class="contents" href="#ninth8">THE NINTH CHAPTER</a></td> + <td class="right" valign="top"><a href="#page758">758</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + + <td class="left" width="70%" valign="top"> + <a class="contents" href="#tenth8">THE TENTH CHAPTER</a></td> + <td class="right" valign="top"><a href="#page759">759</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td class="left" width="70%" valign="top"> + <a class="contents" href="#eleuenth8">THE ELEUENTH CHAPTER</a></td> + <td class="right" valign="top"><a href="#page761">761</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + + <td class="left" width="70%" valign="top"> + <a class="contents" href="#twelfe8">THE TWELFE CHAPTER</a></td> + <td class="right" valign="top"><a href="#page763">763</a></td> +</tr> +</table> + + <br /><br /><hr class="full" /><br /><br /> + + + + + <hr /><br /><br /> + <a name="first8" id="first8"></a> +<p> +<i>Edward the third of that name is chosen king of England by a generall consent, ambassadours +are sent to attend him homewardes to his kingdome, and to informe him of his election, +William duke of Normandie accompanieth him, Edward is crowned king, the subtill +ambition or ambitious subtiltie of earle Goodwine in preferring Edward to the crowne +and betraieng Alfred; the Danes expelled and rid out of this land by decree; whether +earle Goodwine was guiltie of Alfreds death, king Edward marieth the said earles daughter, +he forbeareth to haue carnall knowledge with hir, and why? he useth his mother +queene Emma verie hardlie, accusations brought against hir, she is dispossessed of hir +goods, and imprisoned for suffering bishop Alwine to haue the vse of hir bodie, she purgeth +and cleareth hir selfe after a strange sort, hir couetousnesse: mothers are taught +(by hir example) to loue their children with equalitie: hir liberall deuotion to Winchester +church cleared hir from infamie of couetousnesse, king Edward loued hir after hir purgation, +why Robert archbishop of Canturburie fled out of England into Normandie.</i></p> + +<h3>THE FIRST CHAPTER.</h3> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">EDWARD. <br /><i>Hen. Hunt.</i></span> +Immediatlie vpon the deth of Hardiknought, and before his corps was committed to +buriall, his halfe brother Edward, sonne of king Egelred begotten of quéene Emma, was +<span class="leftnote"><i>Polydor</i></span> +chosen to be K. of England, by the generall consent of all the nobles and commons of the +realme. Therevpon were ambassadours sent with all spéed into Normandie, to signifie vnto +him his election, and to bring him from thence into England in deliuering pledges for more +assurance, that no fraud nor deceit was ment of the Englishmen, but that vpon his comming +thither, he should receiue the crowne without all contradiction. Edward then aided by his +coosine William duke of Normandie, tooke the sea, & with a small companie of Normans came +<span class="rightnote"><i>Henr. Hunt.</i> <br /><i>Wil. Malm.</i> <br />The third of Aprill. <br />1043.</span> +into England, where he was receiued with great ioy as king of the realme, & immediatlie +after was crowned at Winchester by Edsinus then archbishop of Canturburie, on Easter day +in the yeare of our Lord 1043, which fell also about the fourth yeare of the emperour Henrie +the third, surnamed Niger, in the 12 yeare of Henrie the first of that name king of France, and +about the third yeare of Macbeth king of Scotland.</p> +<p> +This Edward the third of that name before the conquest, was of nature more méeke and +simple than apt for the gouernement of the realme, & therefore did earle Goodwine not onelie +séeke the destruction of his elder brother Alfred, but holpe all that he might to aduance this Edward +to the crowne, in hope to beare great rule in the realme vnder him, whome he knew +to be soft, gentle, and easie to be persuaded. But whatsoeuer writers doo report hereof, sure +it is, that Edward was the elder brother, and not Alfred: so that if earle Goodwine did shew +his furtherance by his pretended cloake of offering his friendship vnto Alfred to betraie him,<a name="page740" id="page740"></a><span class="page">[Page 740]</span> +he did it by king Harolds commandement, and yet it may be that he meant to haue vsurped +the crowne to him selfe, if each point had answered his expectation in the sequele of things, +as he hoped they would; and therfore had not passed if both the brethren had béene in +heauen. But yet when the world framed contrarie (peraduenture) to his purpose, he did his +best to aduance Edward, trusting to beare no small rule vnder him, being knowen to be a man +more appliable to be gouerned by other than to trust to his owne wit: and so chieflie by the +assistance of earle Goodwine (whose authoritie, as appeareth, was not small within the realme +of England in those daies) Edward came to atteine the crowne: wherevnto the earle of +Chester Leofrike also shewed all the furtherance that in him laie.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ran. Higd. ex Mariano.</i> <br /><i>Alb. Crantz.</i></span> +Some write (which seemeth also to be confirmed by the Danish chronicles) that king Hardiknought +in his life time had receiued this Edward into his court, and reteined him still in +the same in most honorable wise. But for that it may appeare in the abstract of the Danish +chronicles, what their writers had of this matter recorded, we doo here passe ouer, referring +those that be desirous to know the diuersitie of our writers and theirs, vnto the same chronicles, +where they may find it more at large expressed. This in no wise is to be left vnremembred, that +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> <br />Danes expelled.</span> +immediatlie after the death of Hardiknought, it was not onelie decreed & agreed vpon by the +great lords & nobles of the realme, that no Dane from thenceforth should reigne ouer them, +but also all men of warre and souldiers of the Danes, which laie within anie citie or castell in +garrison within the realme of England, were then expelled and put out or rather slaine (as the +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +Danish writers doo rehearse.) Amongst other that were banished, the ladie Gonild néece to +<span class="leftnote">Gonill néece to K. Swaine.</span> +king Swaine by his sister, was one, being as then a widow, and with hir two of hir sonnes, which +she had then liuing; Heming and Turkill were also caused to auoid. Some write that Alfred the +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +brother of king Edward, came not into the realme till after the death of Hardiknought, and that +he did helpe to expell the Danes, which being doon, he was slaine by earle Goodwine and other +of his complices. But how this may stand, considering the circumstances of the time, with such +things as are written by diuers authors hereof, it may well be doubted. Neuerthelesse, whether +earle Goodwine was guiltie to the death of Alfred, either at this time, or before, certeine +it is, that he so cleared himselfe of that crime vnto king Edward the brother of Alfred, that +there was none so highlie in fauour with him as earle Goodwine was, insomuch that king Edward +<span class="rightnote">K. Edward marieth the daughter of earle Goodwine.</span> +maried the ladie Editha, the daughter of earle Goodwine, begotten of his wife Thira that +was sister to king Hardiknought, and not of his second wife, as some haue written. Howbeit, +king Edward neuer had to doo with hir in fleshlie wise. But whether he absteined because +<span class="leftnote"><i>Polydor.</i> <br />K. Edward absteineth from the companie of his wife.</span> +he had happilie vowed chastitie, either of impotencie of nature, or for a priuie hate that +he bare to hir kin, men doubted. For it was thought, that he estéemed not earle Goodwine +so greatlie in his heart, as he outwardlie made shew to doo, but rather for feare of his puissance +dissembled with him, least he should otherwise put him selfe in danger both of losse of life +and kingdome.</p> +<p> +Howsoeuer it was, he vsed his counsell in ordering of things concerning the state of the +<span class="rightnote">K. Edward dealeth strictlie with his mother quéene Emma. <br /> +Quéene Emma despoiled of hir goods. <br />She is accused of dissolute liuing. <br /><i>Ran. Higd.</i> +<br />She purgeth hir selfe by the law Ordalium.</span> +common wealth, and namelie in the hard handling of his mother queene Emma, against +whome diuers accusations were brought and alledged: as first, for that she consented to marie +with K. Cnute, the publike enimie of the realme: againe, for that she did nothing aid or +succour hir sons while they liued in exile, but that woorse was, contriued to make them away; +for which cause she was despoiled of all hir goods. And because she was defamed to be +naught of hir bodie with Alwine or Adwine bishop of Winchester, both she and the same bishop +were committed to prison within the citie of Winchester (as some write.) Howbeit +others affirme, that she was strictlie kept in the abbie of Warwell, till by way of purging hir +selfe, after a maruellous manner, in passing barefooted ouer certeine hot shares or plough-irons, +according to the law <i>Ordalium,</i> she cleared hir selfe (as the world tooke it) and was restored +to hir first estate and dignitie.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><br /><i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +Hir excessiue couetousnesse, without regard had to the poore, caused hir also to be euill reported +of. Againe, for that she euer shewed hir selfe to be more naturall to the issue which +she had by hir second husband Cnute, than to hir children which she had by hir first husband<a name="page741" id="page741"></a><span class="page">[Page 741]</span> +king Egelred (as it were declaring how she was affected toward the fathers, by the loue +borne to the children) she lost a great péece of good will at the hands of hir sonnes Alfred and +Edward: so that now the said Edward inioieng the realme, was easilie induced to thinke euill +of hir, and therevpon vsed hir the more vncurteouslie. But hir great liberalitie imploied on +the church of Winchester, which she furnished with maruellous rich iewels and ornaments, +wan hir great commendation in the world, and excused hir partlie in the sight of manie, of the +infamie imputed to hir for the immoderate filling of hir coffers by all waies and meanes she +could deuise. Now when she had purged hir selfe, as before is mentioned, hir sonne king +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ran. Higd.</i></span> +Edward had hir euer after in great honor and reuerence. And whereas Robert archbishop of +Canturburie had béene sore against hir, he was so much abashed now at the matter, that he fled +into Normandie, where he was borne. But it should séeme by that which after shal be said +in the next chapter, that he fled not the realme for this matter, but bicause he counselled the +king to banish earle Goodwine, and also to vse the Englishmen more strictlie than reason was +he should.</p> + + <hr /><br /><br /> +<a name="second8" id="second8"></a> +<p> +<i>Why Robert archbishop of Canturburie (queene Emmas heauie friend) fled out of England, +the Normans first entrance into this countrie, dearth by tempests, earle Goodwines sonne +banished out of this land, he returneth in hope of the kings fauour, killeth his coosen earle +Bearne for his good will and forwardnes to set him in credit againe, his flight into Flanders, +his returne into England, the king is pacified with him; certeine Danish rouers arriue +at Sandwich, spoile the coast, inrich themselues with the spoiles, make sale of their +gettings, and returne to their countrie; the Welshmen with their princes rebelling are +subdued, king Edward keepeth the seas on Sandwich side in aid of Baldwine earle of Flanders, +a bloudie fraie in Canturburie betwixt the earle of Bullongne and the townesmen, earle +Goodwine fauoureth the Kentishmen against the Bullongners, why he refuseth to punish +the Canturburie men at the kings commandement for breaking the kings peace; he +setteth the king in a furie, his suborned excuse to shift off his comming to the assemblie of +lords conuented about the foresaid broile, earle Goodwine bandeth himselfe against the +king, he would haue the strangers deliuered into his hands, his request is denied; a battell +readie to haue bene fought betweene him and the king, the tumult is pacified and put to +a parlement, earle Goodwines retinue forsake him; he, his sonnes, and their wiues take +their flight beyond the seas.</i></p> + +<h3>THE SECOND CHAPTER.</h3> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Robert archbishop of Canturburie. <br />Frenchmen or Normans first entered into England.</span> +Ye must vnderstand, that K. Edward brought diuerse Normans ouer with him, which in +time of his banishment had shewed him great friendship, wherefore he now sought to recompense +them. Amongst other, the forenamed Robert of Canturburie was one, who before +his comming ouer was a moonke in the abbeie of Gemeticum in Normandie, and being by the +king first aduanced to gouerne the sée of London, was after made archbishop of Canturburie, +and bare great rule vnder the king, so that he could not auoid the enuie of diuerse noble +men, and speciallie of earle Goodwine, as shall appéere. About the third yéere of king Edwards +reigne, Osgot Clappa was banished the realme. And in the yéere following, that is to +<span class="rightnote">1047. <br />A great death. <br /><i>Ran. Higd.</i></span> +say, in the yeere 1047, there fell a maruellous great snow, couering the ground from the beginning +of Ianuarie vntill the 17 day of March. Besides this, there hapned the same yéere + +such tempest and lightnings, that the corne vpon the earth was burnt vp and blasted: by reason +whereof, there followed a great dearth in England, and also death of men and cattell.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Swain Goodwines sonne banished. <br />Edgiua abbesse of Leoffe.</span> +About this time Swaine the sonne of earle Goodwine was banished the land, and fled into +Flanders. This Swaine kept Edgiua, the abbesse of the monasterie of Leoffe, and forsaking +his wife, ment to haue married the foresaid abbesse. Within a certeine time after his banishment,<a name="page742" id="page742"></a><span class="page">[Page 742]</span> +he returned into England, in hope to purchase the kings peace by his fathers meanes +and other his friends. +<span class="leftnote">This Bearne was the sonne of Vlfusa Dane, vncle to this Swaine by his mother, the sister +of K. Swaine. <br /><i>H. Hunt.</i></span> +But vpon some malicious pretense, he slue his coosen earle Bearne, +who was about to labour to the king for his pardon, and so then fled againe into Flanders, till +at length Allered the archbishop of Yorke obteined his pardon, and found meanes to reconcile +him to the kings fauour.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Hen. Hunt.</i> <br />The Danes spoile Sandwich.</span> +In the meane time, about the sixt yéere of king Edwards reigne, certeine pirats of the +Danes arriued in Sandwich hauen, and entring the land, wasted and spoiled all about the +coast. There be that write, that the Danes had at that time to their leaders two capteins, +the one named Lother, and the other Irling. After they had béene at Sandwich, and brought +from thence great riches of gold and siluer, they coasted about vnto the side of Essex, and +there spoiling the countrie, went backe to the sea, and sailing into Flanders, made sale of +their spoiles and booties there, and so returned to their countries. After this, during the +reigne of king Edward, there chanced no warres, neither forren nor ciuill, but that the same +was either with small slaughter luckilie ended, or else without anie notable aduenture changed +<span class="rightnote">Rise & Griffin princes of Wales.</span> +into peace. The Welshmen in déed with their princes Rise and Griffin wrought some +trouble, but still they were subdued, and in the end both the said Rise and Griffin were +brought vnto confusion: although in the meane time they did much hurt, and namelie Griffin, +who with aid of some Irishmen, with whome he was alied, about this time entred into the +Seuerne sea, and tooke preies about the riuer of Wie: and after returned without anie battell +to him offered.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">1049. <br /><i>Simon Dun</i>.</span> +About the same time, to wit, in the yéere 1049, the emperor Henrie the third made warres +against Baldwine earle of Flanders, and for that he wished to haue the sea stopped, that the +said earle should not escape by flight that waie foorth, he sent to king Edward, willing him +to kéepe the sea with some number of ships. King Edward furnishing a nauie, lay with the +<span class="leftnote"><i>Hermanus</i>. <i>Contractus</i>. <br /><i>Ia. Meir.</i></span> +same at Sandwich, and so kept the seas on that side, till the emperor had his will of the +earle. At the same time, Swaine, sonne of earle Goodwine came into the realme, and +traitorouslie slue his coosen Bearne (as before is said) the which trauelled to agrée him with +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +the king. Also Gosipat Clappa, who had left his wife at Bruges in Flanders, comming +amongst other of the Danish pirats, which had robbed in the coasts of Kent & Essex, as before +ye haue heard, receiued his wife, and departed backe into Denmarke with six ships, leauing +the residue, being 23 behind him.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Fabian.</i> <br />1051. <br /><i>Matth. West.</i> <br /> +The earle of Flanders commeth into England. <br /><i>Ran. Higd.</i> <br /><i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +About the tenth yéere of king Edwards reigne, Eustace earle of Bullongne, that was father +vnto the valiant Godfrey of Bullongne, & Baldwin, both afterward kings of Hierusalem, +came ouer into England in the moneth of September, to visit his brother in law king Edward, +<span class="leftnote">Goda sister to K. Edward. <br /><i>Wil. Malm.</i> <br /> +Douer saith <br /><i>Matth. West.</i></span> +whose sister named Goda, he had maried, she then being the widow of Gualter de +Maunt. He found the king at Glocester, and being there ioifullie receiued, after he had +once dispatched such matters for the which he chieflie came, he tooke leaue, and returned +homeward. But at Canturburie one of his herbingers, dealing roughlie with one of the citizens +about a lodging, which he sought to haue rather by force than by intreatance, occasioned +his owne death. +Whereof when the erle was aduertised, he hasted thither to reuenge +the slaughter of his seruant, and slue both that citizen which had killed his man, and eightéene +others.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">A fraie in Canturburie betwixt the earle Bullongne and the townsmen. +<br />The earle complaineth to the king.</span> +The citizens héerewith in a great furie, got them to armor, and set vpon the earle and his +retinue, of whom they slue twentie persons out of hand, & wounded a great number of the +residue, so that the earle scarce might escape with one or two of his men from the fraie, & +with all spéed returned backe to the king, presenting gréeuous information against them of +Canturburie, for their cruell vsing of him, not onlie in sleaing of his seruants, but also in +putting him in danger of his life. The king crediting the earle, was higlie offended against +the citizens, and with all speed sending for earle Goodwine, declared vnto him in greeuous +wise, the rebellious act of them of Canturburie, which were vnder his iurisdiction.</p> +<p> +The earle who was a man of a bold courage and quicke wit, did perceiue that the matter<a name="page743" id="page743"></a><span class="page">[Page 743]</span> +was made a great deale woorse at the first in the beginning, than of likelihood it would +prooue in the end, thought it reason therefore that first the answere of the Kentishmen should +be heard, before anie sentence were giuen against them. Héerevpon, although the king commanded +him foorthwith to go with an armie into Kent, and to punish them of Canturburie +in most rigorous maner, yet he would not be too hastie, but refused to execute the kings +<span class="rightnote">Earle Goodwine offended with the king for fauouring strangers.</span> +commandement, both for that he bare a péece of grudge in his mind, that the king should +fauour strangers so highlie as he did; and againe, bicause héereby he should séeme to doo +pleasure to his countriemen, in taking vpon him to defend their cause against the rough accusations +of such as had accused them. Wherefore he declared to the king that it should +be conuenient to haue the supposed offenders first called afore him, and if they were able to +excuse themselues, then to be suffered to depart without further vexation: and if they were +found faultie, then to be put to their fine, both as well in satisfieng the king, whose peace +they had broken, as also the earle, whom they had indamaged.</p> +<p> +Earle Goodwine departed thus from the king, leauing him in a great furie: howbeit he +<span class="rightnote">A councel called at Glocester. Siward earle of Northumberland, +Leofrike earle of Chester, Rafe earle of Hereford. <br /><i>Will. Malmes.</i></span> +passed litle thereof, supposing it would not long continue. But the king called a great assemblie +of his lords togither at Glocester, that the matter might be more déepelie considered. +Siward earle of Northumberland, and Leofrike earle of Chester, with Rafe earle of Hereford, +the kings nephue by his sister Goda, and all other the noble men of the realme, onlie earle +Goodwine and his sonnes ment not to come there, except they might bring with them a +great power of armed men, and so remained at Beuerstane, with such bands as they had +leauied, vnder a colour to resist the Welshmen, whome they bruted abroad to be readie to +inuade the marches about Hereford. But the Welshmen preuenting that slander, signified +to the king that no such matter was ment on their parties, but that earle Goodwine and his +sonnes with their complices went about to mooue a commotion against him. Héerevpon a +rumor was raised in the court, that the kings power should shortlie march foorth to assaile +earle Goodwine in that place where he was lodged. Wherevpon the same earle prepared +himselfe, and sent to his friends, willing to sticke to this quarrell, and if the king should go +about to force them, then to withstand him, rather than to yéeld and suffer themselues to be +<span class="rightnote">Earle Goodwine meaneth to defend himself against the king.</span> +troden vnder foot by strangers. Goodwine in this meane time had got togither a great +<span class="leftnote">Swaine. <br /><i>Ran. Higd. <br />Matth. West. <br />Simon Dun.</i> <br /> +Harold. <br /><i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +power of his countries of Kent, Southerie, and other of the west parts. Swaine likewise had +assembled much people out of his countries of Barkeshire, Oxfordshire, Summersetshire, +Herefordshire, and Glocestershire. And Harold was also come to them with a great +multitude, which he had leuied in Essex, Norffolke, Suffold, Cambridgeshire, & Huntingtonshire.</p> +<p> +On the other part, the earles that were with the king, Leofrike, Siward, and Rafe, raised +all the power which they might make, and the same approching to Glocester, the king +thought himselfe in more suertie than before, in so much that whereas earle Goodwine (who +lay with his armie at Langton there not farre off in Glocestershire) had sent vnto the king, +requiring that the earle of Bullongne, with the other Frenchmen and also the Normans which +held the castell of Douer, might be deliuered vnto him. The king, though at the first he +stood in great doubt what to doo, yet hearing now that an armie of his friends was comming, +made answere to the messingers which Goodwine had sent, that he would not deliuer a man +of those whome Goodwine required, and héerewith the said messengers being departed, the +kings armie entered into Glocester, and such readie good wils appéered in them all to fight +with the aduersaries, that if the king would haue permitted, they would foorthwith haue gone +out and giuen battell to the enimies.</p> +<p> +Thus the matter was at point to haue put the realme in hazard not onelie of a field, but of +vtter ruine that might thereof haue insued: for what on the one part and the other, there +were assembled the chiefest lords and most able personages of the land. But by the wisedome +and good aduise of earle Leofrike and others, the matter was pacified for a time, and +order taken, that they should come to a parlement or communication at London, vpon +pledges giuen and receiued as well on the one part as the other. The king with a mightie<a name="page744" id="page744"></a><span class="page">[Page 744]</span> +armie of the Northumbers, and them of Mercia, came vnto London, and earle Goodwine +with his sonnes, and a great power of the Westsaxons, came into Southwarke, but perceiuing +that manie of his companie stale awaie and slipt from him, he durst not abide anie +longer to enter talke with the king, as it was couenanted, but in the night next insuing fled +awaie with all spéed possible.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i> <br />Swaine eldest sonne to Goodwine banished.</span> +Some write, how an order was prescribed that Swanus the eldest sonne of Goodwine should +depart the land as a banished man to qualifie the kings wrath, and that Goodwine and one +other of his sons, that is to say, Harold should come to an other assemblie to be holden at +London, accompanied with 12 seruants onelie, & to resigne all his force of knights, gentlemen +and souldiers vnto the kings guiding and gouernment. But when this last article +pleased nothing earle Goodwine, and that he perceiued how his force began to decline, so as +<span class="rightnote">Earle Goodwine fled the realme.</span> +he should not be able to match the kings power, he fled the realme, and so likewise did +his sonnes. He himselfe with his sonnes Swanus, Tostie, and Girth, sailed into Flanders: +and Harold with his brother Leofwine gat ships at Bristow, and passed into Ireland. +Githa the wife of Goodwine, and Judith the wife of Tostie, the daughter of Baldwine earle +of Flanders went ouer also with their husbands.</p> + + <hr /><br /><br /> + <a name="third8" id="third8"></a> +<p> +<i>Goodwine and his sonnes are proclaimed outlawes, their lands are giuen from them, king +Edward putteth awaie the queene his wife who was earle Goodwines daughter, she +cleareth hir selfe at the houre of hir death from suspicion of incontinencie and lewdnesse +of life, why king Edward forbare to haue fleshlie pleasure with hir; earle Goodwine +and his sonnes take preies on the coasts of Kent and Sussex; Griffin king of Wales destroieth +a great part of Herefordshire, and giueth his incounterers the ouerthrow; Harold +and Leofwine two brethren inuade Dorset and Summersetshires, they are resisted, but +yet preuaile, they coast about the point of Cornwall and ioine with their father Goodwine, +king Edward maketh out threescore armed ships against them, a thicke mist separateth +both sides being readie to graple and fight, a pacification betweene the king +and earle Goodwine, he is restored to his lands and libertie, he was well friended, counterpledges +of agreement interchangablie deliuered; Swanus the eldest sonne of Goodwine +a notable rebell and pirat, his troubled conscience, his wicked life and wretched death.</i></p> + +<h3>THE THIRD CHAPTER.</h3> +<p> +The king hauing perfect knowledge, that earle Goodwine had refused to come to the +court in such order as he had prescribed him, and that he was departed the realme with +<span class="rightnote">Goodwine and his sonnes proclaimed outlawes.</span> +his sonnes: he proclaimed them outlawes, and gaue the lands of Harold vnto Algar, the +sonne of earle Leofrike, who guided the same verie woorthilie, and resigned them againe +without grudging vnto the same Harold when he was returned out of exile. Also vnto earle +Oddo were giuen the counties of Deuonshire and Summersetshire.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The king put awaie his wife Editha.</span> +Moreouer, about the same time the king put his wife queene Editha from him, and appointed +hir to streict keeping in the abbeie of Warwell. This Editha was a noble gentlewoman, +well learned, and expert in all sciences, yet hir good name was stained somewhat, as +though she had not liued so continentlie as was to be wished, both in hir husbands life time, +and after his deceasse. But yet at the houre of hir death (which chanced in the daies of +William Conqueror) she cleared hir selfe, in taking it vpon the charge of hir soule, that she +had euer liued in perfect chastitie: for king Edward (as before is mentioned) neuer touched +hir in anie actuall maner. By this streict dealing with the quéene that was daughter to earle +Goodwine, now in time of hir fathers exile, it hath séemed to manie, that king Edward forbare +to deale with hir in carnall wise, more for hatred of hir kin, than for anie other respect.<a name="page745" id="page745"></a><span class="page">[Page 745]</span> +But to proceed.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">1052. <br /><i>Hen. Hunt.</i></span> +In the second yéere of Goodwines banishment, both he and his sonnes hauing prouided +themselues of ships and men of warre conuenient for the purpose, came vpon the coasts of +England, and after the maner of rouers, tooke preies where as they espied aduantage, +<span class="leftnote">Griffin king of Wales destroieth Herefordshire.</span> +namelie on the coasts of Kent and Sussex. In the meane time also Griffin the K. of +Wales destroid a great part of Herefordshire, against whom the power of that countrie, +& also manie Normans that lay in garrison within the castell of Hereford, comming to giue +battell, were ouerthrowne on the same day, in the which about two and twentie yéeres before, +or (as some copies haue) thirtéene yéeres, the Welshmen had slaine Edwine, the brother of +<span class="rightnote">Harold inuadeth the shires of Dorset and Summerset.</span> +earle Leofrike. Shortlie after, earle Harold and his brother Leofwine returning out of +Ireland, entered into the Seuerne sea, landing on the coasts of Summersetshire and Dorsetshire, +where falling to spoile, they were incountred by a power assembled out of the counties +of Deuonshire and Summersetshire: but Harold put his aduersaries to flight, and slue +thirtie gentlemen of honor, or thanes (as they called them) with a great number of others. +Then Harold and his brethren, returning with their preie and bootie to their ships, and coasting +about the point of Cornwall, came and ioined with their father & their other brethren, +then soiorning in the Ile of Wight.</p> +<p> +King Edward to withstand their malice, had rigged and furnished foorth sixtie ships of +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +warre, with the which he himselfe went to the water, not sticking to lie aboord at that season, +although he had appointed for capteines and admerals two earles that were his coosins, Odo +and Rafe, who had charge of the whole armie. Rafe was his nephue, as sonne to his +sister Goda by hir first husband Gualter de Maunt. But although they were knowne to be +sufficient men for the ordering of such businesse, yet he thought the necessitie to be such, +as his person could not be presentlie spared. Therefore he was diligent in foreséeing of +things by good aduise, although age would not giue him leaue to execute the same by his +owne hand and force of bodie. But as the nauies on both parts were readie to haue ioined, +they were seuered by reason of a thicke mist that then rose, wherby their furious rage was +restreined for that time: and immediatlie therevpon, Goodwine and his complices were +forced by a contrarie wind, to returne to the places from whence they came. Shortlie after +by mediation of friends, a peace was made, and earle Goodwine restored home, and obteined +againe both the kings fauour, and all his former liuings: for he was such an eloquent & +wise man, that he clered and purged himselfe of all such crimes and accusations, as in anie +sort had béene laid against him. Thus haue some written concerning this agréement betwixt +king Edward and erle Goodwine, where other make somewhat larger report thereof, +as thus.</p> +<p> +At the same time that the two sonnes of erle Goodwine Harold and Leofwine came foorth +of Ireland, and inuaded the west countrie, king Edward rigged foorth fortie ships, the which +throughlie furnished with men, munition, and vittels, he sent vnto Sandwich, commanding +the capteines there to wait for the comming of erle Goodwine, whom he vnderstood to be +in a readinesse to returne into England: but notwithstanding, there wanted no diligence in +them to looke to their charge, erle Goodwine secretlie with a few ships which he had got +togither, ariued in Kent; and sending foorth his letters and messengers abroad to the citizens +of Canturburie, to them of Sussex, Southerie, & others, required aid of them, who with one +consent promised to liue and die with him.</p> +<p> +The capteines of the nauie at Sandwich aduertised hereof, made towards the place where +they thought to haue found earle Goodwine: but he being warned of their comming, +escaped by flight, and got him out of their danger, wherevpon they withdrew to Sandwich, +and after returned to London. Earle Goodwine aduertised thereof, sailed to the Ile of +Wight, and wafted vp and downe those seas, till his sonnes Harold and Leofwine came and +ioined their nauie with his, and ceassing from spoile, onlie sought to recouer vittels to serue +their turne. And incresing their power by such aid as they might any where procure, at +length they came to Sandwich, wherof king Edward hauing knowledge, being then at London,<a name="page746" id="page746"></a><span class="page">[Page 746]</span> +he sent abroad to raise all the power he might make. But they that were appointed +<span class="rightnote">It séemeth that earle Goodwine was well friended.</span> +to come vnto him, lingred time, in which meane while earle Goodwine comming into the +Thames, & so vp the riuer, arriued in Southwarke, on the day of the exaltation of the crosse +in September, being monday, and their staieng for the tide, solicited the Londoners, so that +he obteined of them what he could desire.</p> +<p> +Afterwards, without disturbance, he passed vp the riuer with the tide through the south +arch of the bridge, & at the same instant, a mightie armie which he had by land, mustered +in the fields on that south side the same riuer, and herewith his nauie made towards the +north side of the riuer, as if they ment to inclose the kings nauie, for the king had also a +nauie & an armie by land: but yet sith there were few either on the one part or the other, +that were able to doo anie great feat except Englishmen, they were loth to fight one against +another, wherevpon the wiser sort on both sides sought meanes to make an atonement: and +so at length by their diligent trauell, the matter was taken vp, and the armies being dismissed +on both parts, earle Goodwine was restored to his former dignitie. Herevpon were +pledges deliuered on his behalfe, that is to say, Wilnotus one of his sonnes, and Hacun the +sonne of Swanus the eldest sonne of Goodwine. These two pledges were sent vnto William +duke of Normandie, to be kept with him for more assurance of Goodwines loialtie.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ran. Higd.</i> <br /><i>Matth. West.</i> <br /><i>Simon Dun.</i> <br /><i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +Some write that Swanus the eldest sonne of Goodwine was not reconciled to the kings +fauour at this time; but whether he was or not, this is reported of him for a truth, that after +he had attempted sundrie rebellions against king Edward, he lastlie also rebelled against his +father Goodwine, and his brother Harold, and became a pirate, dishonouring with such manifold +robberies as he made on the seas, the noble progenie whereof he was descended. Finallie +vpon remorse of conscience (as hath béene thought) for murthering of his coosine (or as +some say his brother) erle Bearne, he went on pilgrimage to Hierusalem, and died by the +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ran. Higd.</i> <br /><i>Will. Malms.</i></span> +way of cold which he caught in returning homeward (as some write) in Licia: but others +affirme, that he fell into the hands of Saracens that were robbers by the high waies, and so +was murthered of them.</p> + + <hr /><br /><br /> + <a name="fourth8" id="fourth8"></a> +<p> +<i>At what time William duke of Normandie came ouer into England, king Edward promiseth +to make him his heire to the kingdom and crowne, the death of queene Emma, +earle Goodwine being growne in fauor againe seeketh new reuenges of old grudges, causing +archbishop Robert and certeine noble Normans his aduersaries to be banished; +Stigand intrudeth himselfe into archbishop Roberts see, his simonie and lacke of learning; +what maner of men were thought meet to be made bishops in those daies, king +Edward beginneth to prouide for the good and prosperous state of his kingdome, his +consideration of lawes made in his predecessours times and abused; the lawes of S. Edward +vsuallie called the common lawes, how, whereof, and wherevpon instituted; the +death of earle Goodwine being sudden (as some say) or naturall (as others report) his +vertues and vices, his behauiour and his sonnes vpon presumption and will in the time of +their authorities; his two wiues and children; the sudden and dreadfull death of his +mother; hir selling of the beautifull youth male and female of this land to the Danish +people.</i></p> + +<h3>THE FOURTH CHAPTER.</h3> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">William duke of Normandie commeth ouer into England.<br /> +<i>Polydor.</i> <br />K. Edwards promise to duke William.</span> +The foresaide William duke of Normandie (that after conquered this land) during the +time of Goodwines outlawrie, came ouer into this land with a faire retinue of men, and was +ioifullie receiued of the king, and had great chéere. Now after he had taried a season, he +returned into his countrie, not without great gifts of jewels and other things, which the king +most liberallie bestowed vpon him. And (as some write) the king promised him at that<a name="page747" id="page747"></a><span class="page">[Page 747]</span> +time, to make him his heire to the realme of England, if he chanced to die without issue. +¶ Shortlie after, or rather somewhat before, queene Emma the kings mother died, and was +buried at Winchester.</p> +<p> +After that earle Goodwine was restored to the kings fauour, bicause he knew that Robert +the archbishop of Canturburie had beene the chéefe procurer of the kings euill will towards +him, he found means to weare him out of credit, and diuers other specially of the Normans, +bearing the world in hand, that they had sought to trouble the state of the realme, & to set +variance betwixt the king and the lords of the English nation: whereas the Normans againe +alledged, that earle Goodwine and his sonnes abused the kings soft and gentle nature, & +would not sticke to ieast and mocke at his curteous and mild procéedings. But howsoeuer +<span class="rightnote">The archbishop of Canturburie banished.</span> +the matter went, archbishop Robert was glad to depart out of the realme, and going to +Rome, made complaint in the court there, of the iniuries that were offred him: but in returning +through Normandie, he died in the abbeie of Gemmeticum, where he had bene +moonke before his comming into England.</p> +<p> +Diuerse others were compelled to forsake the realme at the same time, both spirituall +<span class="rightnote">Normans banished the realme.</span> +men and temporall, as William bishop of London, and Vlfe bishop of Lincolne. Osberne +named Pentecost, and his companion Hugh, were constreined to surrender their castels, and +by licence of earle Leofrike withdrew thorough his countrie into Scotland, where, of king +Mackbeth they were honorablie receiued. These were Normans: for (as partlie ye haue +heard) king Edward brought with him no small number of that nation, when he came +from thence to receiue the crowne, and by them he was altogither ruled, to the great offending +of his owne naturall subiects the Englishmen, namelie earle Goodwine and his sonnes, +who in those daies for their great possessions and large reuenues, were had in no small reputation +with the English people.</p> +<p> +After that Robert the archbishop of Canturburie, was departed the realme, as before ye +<span class="rightnote">Stigand archbishop of Canturburie.</span> +haue heard, Stigand was made archbishop of Canturburie, or rather thrust himselfe into +that dignitie, not being lawfullie called, in like manner as he had doone at Winchester: for +whereas he was first bishop of Shireborne, he left that church, and tooke vpon him the +bishoprike of Winchester by force, and now atteining to be archbishop of Canturburie, he +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ranul. Hig.</i> <br /><i>Fabian.</i> <br />Stigand infamed of simonie.</span> +kept both Winchester and Canturburie in his hand at one instant. This Stigand was greatlie +infamed for his couetous practises in sale of possessions apperteining to the church. He +was nothing learned: but that want was a common fault amongest the bishops of that age, +<span class="leftnote">What maner of men méet to be bishops in those daies.</span> +for it was openlie spoken in those daies, that he was méet onelie to be a bishop, which +could vse the pompe of the world, voluptuous pleasures, rich raiment, and set himselfe foorth +with a iollie retinue of gentlemen and seruants on horsse-backe, for therein stood the countenance +of a bishop, as the world then went; and not in studie how to haue the people fed +with the word of life, to the sauing of their soules.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +King Edward now in the twelfth yeare of his reigne, hauing brought the state of the realme +quite from troubles of warre both by sea and land, began to foresée as well for the welth +of his subiects, as for himselfe, being naturallie inclined to wish well to all men. He therefore +considered, how by the manifold lawes which had beene made by Britaines, Englishmen +and Danes within this land, occasion was ministred to manie, which measured all things +by respect of their owne priuate gaine and profit, to peruert iustice, and to vse wrongfull +dealing in stead of right, clouding the same vnder some branch of the lawe naughtilie misconstrued. +Wherevpon to auoid that mischiefe, he picked out a summe of that huge and +vnmesurable masse and heape of lawes, such as were thought most indifferent and necessarie, +& therewith ordeined a few, & those most wholesome, to be from thenceforth vsed; +according to whose prescript, men might liue in due forme and rightfull order of a ciuill +<span class="rightnote">The lawes of <br />S. Edward instituted.</span> +life. These lawes were afterwards called the common lawes, and also saint Edward his +lawes; so much esteemed of the Englishmen, that after the conquest, when the Normans +oftentimes went about to abrogate the same, there chanced no small mutinies and rebellions +for retaining of those lawes. But heére is to be noted, that although they were called saint<a name="page748" id="page748"></a><span class="page">[Page 748]</span> +Edwards lawes, they were for the more part made by king Edgar; but now by king Edward +restored, after they had bin abrogated for a time by the Danes.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">1053. <br />or 1054. <br /><i>Hector Boet.</i> <br /><i>Polydor.</i> <br /><i>Will. Malmes.</i> +<br /><i>Matth. West.</i> <br /><i>Ran. Higd.</i> <br /><i>ex Mariano.</i> <br /><i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +About this time, earle Goodwine died suddenlie (as some haue recorded) as he sat at table +with the king: and vpon talke ministred of the death of Alfred the kings brother, to excuse +himselfe, he tooke a peece of bread, and did eate it, saieng; God let me neuer swallow +this bread downe into my chest, but that I may presentlie be choked therewith, if euer I was +weetting or consenting vnto Alfreds death! and immediatlie therewith he fell downe starke +<span class="leftnote">This is the likeliest tale.</span> +dead. Other say, that he ended his life at Winchester, where being suddenlie surprised +with sicknesse, as he sat at the table with the king vpon an Easter monday; yet he liued +till the Thursday following, and then died. His earledome was giuen vnto his sonne Harold; +and Harolds earledome, which was Oxford, was giuen vnto Algar the sonne of Leofrike.</p> +<p> +This Goodwine, as he was a man of great power, wise, hardie, and politike; so was he +ambitious, desirous to beare rule, and loth that anie other person should passe him in authoritie. +But yet, whether all be true that writers report of his malicious practises to bring +himselfe and his sonnes to the chiefe seat of gouernement in the kingdome, or that of hatred +such slanders were raised of him, it may of some perhaps be doubted; because that in the +daies of king Edward (which was a soft and gentle prince) he bare great rule and authoritie, +and so might procure to himselfe euill report for euerie thing that chanced amisse: as oftentimes +it commeth to passe in such cases, where those that haue great dooings in the gouernement +of the common wealth, are commonlie euill spoken of, and that now and then +without their guilt. But truth it is, that Goodwine being in authoritie both in the daies of +king Edward and his predecessors, did manie things (as should appeare by writers) more +<span class="rightnote"><i>Hen. Hunt.</i></span> +by will than by law, and so likewise did his sonnes; vpon presumption of the great puissance +that they and their father were of within the realme.</p> +<p> +He had to wife Editha, the sister of king Cnute, of whome he begat thrée sonnes (as +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +some write) that is to say, Harold, Biorne, & Tostie: also his daughter Editha, whome he +found meanes to bestow in mariage vpon K. Edward, as before ye haue heard. But other +<span class="rightnote"><i>Will. Malm.</i></span> +write, that he had but one son by Cnutes sister, the which in riding of a rough horsse was +throwen into the riuer of Thames, and so drowned. His mother also was stricken with a +thunderbolt, & so perished worthilie (as is reported) for hir naughtie dooings. She vsed +to buy great numbers of yoong persons, and namelie maids that were of anie excellent +beautie and personage, whome she sent ouer into Denmarke, and there sold them to hir +most aduantage. After hir deceasse (as the same authors record) Goodwine maried another +woman, by whome he had issue six sonnes, Swanus or Swaine, Harrold, Tostie or Tosto, +Wilnot, Girth, and Leofrike; of whom further mention is & shall be made, as places conuenient +shall serue thereto.</p> + + <hr /><br /><br /> + <a name="fift8" id="fift8"></a> +<p> +<i>Edward earle of Northumberland discomfiteth Mackbeth the usurper of the Scotish kingdome +and placeth Malcolme in the same, a controuersie whether Siward were at this +discomfiture or no; his stout words when he heard that one of his sonnes was slaine in +the field, bishop Aldred is sent to fetch home Edward the sonne of K. Edmund Ironside +into England; earle Algar being banished ioineth with the Welshmen against the English +and Normans, and getteth the victorie; Harold the son of earle Goodwine putteth +earle Algar & his retinue to their shifts by pursute, pacification betweene the generals of +both armies, their hosts, Siward earle of Northumberland dieth; his giantlike stature, +his couragious heart at the time of his deceasse, why Tostie one of Goodwins sonnes succeeded +him in the earledome.</i></p> + + +<h3>THE FIFT CHAPTER.</h3> +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. West.</i> <br />1054. <br /><i>Hector Boet.</i></span> +About the thirteenth yeare of king Edward his reigne (as some write) or rather about +the ninetéenth or twentith yeare, as should appeare by the Scotish writers, Siward the +noble earle of Northumberland with a great power of horssemen went into Scotland, and<a name="page749" id="page749"></a><span class="page">[Page 749]</span> +in battell put to flight Mackbeth that had vsurped the crowne of Scotland, and that doone, +placed Malcolme surnamed Camoir, the sonne of Duncane, sometime king of Scotland, in +the gouernement of that realme, who afterward slue the said Mackbeth, and then reigned in +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i> <br /><i>M. West.</i></span> +quiet. Some of our English writers say, that this Malcolme was king of Cumberland, but +other report him to be sonne to the king of Cumberland. But héere is to be noted; that if +Mackbeth reigned till the yeare 1061, and was then slaine by Malcolme, earle Siward was +not at that battell; for as our writers doo testifie, he died in the yeare 1055, which was in +the yeare next after (as the same writers affirme) that he vanquished Mackbeth in fight, +and slue manie thousands of Scots, and all those Normans which (as ye haue heard) were +withdrawen into Scotland, when they were driuen out of England.</p> +<p> +It is recorded also, that in the foresaid battell, in which earle Siward vanquished the Scots, +one of Siwards sonnes chanced to be slaine, whereof although the father had good cause to +be sorowfull, yet when he heard that he died of a wound which he had receiued in fighting +stoutlie in the forepart of his bodie, and that with his face towards the enimie, he greatlie +reioised thereat, to heare that he died so manfullie. But here is to be noted, that not now, +but a little before (as Henrie Hunt. saith) that earle Siward went into Scotland himselfe in +person, he sent his sonne with an armie to conquere the land, whose hap was there to be +slaine: and when his father heard the newes, he demanded whether he receiued the wound +whereof he died, in the forepart of the bodie, or in the hinder part: and when it was told +him that he receiued in the forepart; "I reioise (saith he) euen with all my heart, for I +would not wish either to my sonne nor to my selfe any other kind of death."</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. West.</i> <br />1057.</span> +Shortlie after, Aldred the bishop of Worcester was sent vnto the emperour Henrie the +third, to fetch Edward the sonne of Edmund Ironside into England, whome king Edward +was desirous to sée, meaning to ordeine him heire apparant to the crowne: but he died the +<span class="rightnote"><i>Henr. Hunt.</i> <br />1055.</span> +same yeare after he came into England. This Edward was surnamed the outlaw: his bodie +was buried at Winchester, or (as an other saith) in the church of S. Pauls in London.</p> +<p> +¶ About the same time K. Edward by euill counsell (I wot not vpon what occasion, but +as it is thought without cause) banished Algar the sonne of earle Leofrike: wherevpon he +got him into Ireland, and there prouiding 18 ships of rouers, returned, & landing in Wales, +ioined himselfe with Griffin the king or prince of Wales, and did much hurt on the borders +about Hereford, of which place Rafe was then earle, that was sonne vnto Goda the sister of +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. West.</i> <br /><i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +K. Edward by hir first husband Gualter de Maunt. This earle assembling an armie, came +forth to giue battell to the enimies, appointing the Englishmen contrarie to their manner to +fight on horssebacke, but being readie (on the two & twentith of October) to giue the onset +in a place not past two miles from Hereford, he with his Frenchmen and Normans fled, and +so the rest were discomfited, whome the aduersaries pursued, and slue to the number of 500, +<span class="rightnote">The Welshmen obteine the victorie against Englishmen and Normans.</span> +beside such as were hurt and escaped with life. Griffin and Algar hauing obteined this +victorie, entered into the towne of Hereford, set the minster on fire, slue seuen of the canons +that stood to defend the doores or gates of the principall church, and finallie spoiled and +burned the towne miserablie.</p> +<p> +The king aduertised hereof, gathered an armie, ouer the which Harold the sonne of earle +Goodwine was made generall, who followed vpon the enimies that fled before him into +<span class="rightnote">Stratcluid.</span> +Northwales, & staied not, till hauing passed through Stratcluid, he came to the mountaines +<span class="leftnote">Snowdon.</span> +of Snowdon, where he pitched his field. The enimies durst not abide him, but got them +into Southwales, whereof Harold being aduertised, left the more part of his armie in Northwales +to resist the enimies there, & with the residue of his people came backe vnto Hereford, +<span class="rightnote">The citie of Hereford fortified by Harold.</span> +recouered the towne, and caused a great and mightie trench to be cast round about it, +with an high rampire, and fensed it with gates and other fortifications. After this, he did so +much, that comming to a communication, with Griffin and Algar at a place called Biligelhage, +a peace was concluded, and so the nauie of earle Algar sailed about, and came to +Chester, there to remaine, till the men of warre and marriners had their wages, while he<a name="page750" id="page750"></a><span class="page">[Page 750]</span> +went to the king, who pardoned his offense, & restored him to his earledome.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The decease of Siward earle of Northumberland. +<i>Ran. Higd.</i></span> +After this, in the verie same yeare, being the 15 of king Edwards reigne, as some writers +affirme, Siward the noble earle of Northumberland died of the flix, of whom it is said, that +when he perceiued the houre of death to be néere, he caused him selfe to be put in armour, +& set vp in his chaire, affirming that a knight and a man of honour ought to die in that sort, +rather than lieng on a couch like a féeble and fainthearted creature: and sitting so vpright +in his chaire armed at all points, he ended his life, and was buried at Yorke. [O stout +harted man, not vnlike to that famous Romane remembred by Tullie in his "Tusculane +questions," who suffered the sawing of his leg from his bodie without shrinking, looking +vpon the surgeon all the while, & hauing no part of his bodie bound for shrinking.] The +said Siward earle of Northumberland was a man of a giantlike stature, & thereto of a verie +stout and hardie courage, & because his sonne Walteif was but an infant, and as yet not +out of his cradell, the earledome was giuen vnto earle Tostie one of Goodwins sonnes.</p> + + <hr /><br /><br /> + <a name="sixt8" id="sixt8"></a> +<p> +<i>Edward the sonne of Edmund Ironside is sent for to be made heire apparant to the crowne, +his death, the deceasse of Leofrike earle of Chester, the vertues and good deeds of him and +his wife Gudwina, Couentrie free from custome and toll, churches and religious places +builded and repared, Algar succedeth his father Leofrike in the earledome, he is accused +of treason and banished, he recouereth his earledome by force of armes; Harold is sent with +a power against Griffin king of Wales; the countrie wasted, and the people forced to yeeld, +they renounce Griffin their king, kill him, and send his head to Harold, Griffins brethren +rule Wales after him by grant of king Edward; Harolds infortunate going ouer into Normandie, +the earle of Ponthieu taketh him prisoner, and releaseth him at the request of William +duke of Normandie, for whose vse Harold sweareth to keepe possession of the realme of +England, the duke promiseth him his daughter in mariage.</i></p> + +<h3>THE SIXT CHAPTER.</h3> +<p> +Not long after, in the yeare 1057, Aldred bishop of Worcester, was sent ouer vnto the +emperour Henrie the third, to fetch Edward the sonne of Edmund Ironside into England, +whome king Edward was desirous to sée, meaning to ordeine him heire apparant to the +crowne: but he died the same yeare, after that he was returned into England. This Edward +<span class="rightnote">Edward the outlaw departed this life. <br />1057.</span> +was surnamed the outlaw: his bodie was buried at Westminster, or (as others say) in +the church of S. Paule within London. The same yeare, that is to say, in the seuentéenth +<span class="leftnote">Leofrike earle of Chester departed this life. <br /><i>Ran. Higd.</i> <br /><i>Mat. West.</i></span> +yeare or in the sixtéenth yeare of king Edwards reigne (as some write) Leofrike the noble +earle of Chester, or Mercia, that was sonne to duke Leofwine, departed this life in his +owne towne of Bromelie on the last day of August, and was buried at Couentrie in the +abbeie there which he had builded. This earle Leofrike was a man of great honor, wise +and discréet in all his dooings. His high wisdome and policie stood the realme in great +stéed whilest he liued.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Couentrie made frée of toll and custome.</span> +He had a noble ladie to his wife named Gudwina, at whose earnest sute he made the +citie of Couentrie frée of all manner of toll, except horsses: and to haue that toll laid downe +also, his foresaid wife rode naked through the middest of the towne without other couerture, +saue onlie hir haire. Moreouer, partlie moued by his owne deuotion, and partlie by +the persuasion of his wife, he builded or beneficiallie augmented and repared manie abbeies +& churches, as the said abbeie or priorie at Couentrie, the abbeies of Wenlocke, Worcester, +Stone, Euesham, and Leof besides Hereford. Also he builded two churches within the +<span class="rightnote">Churches in Chester built.</span> +citie of Chester, the one called S. Iohns, and the other S. Werbrough. The value of the<a name="page751" id="page751"></a><span class="page">[Page 751]</span> +iewels & ornaments which he bestowed on the abbeie church of Couentrie, was inestimable.</p> +<p> +After Leofriks death, his sonne Algar was made earle, and intituled in all his lands and +<span class="leftnote"><i>Henr. Hunt.</i> <br />Algar earle of Chester exiled. <br />1058.</span> +seigniories. In the yeare following, to wit, 1058, the same Algar was accused againe +(through malice of some enuious persons) of treason, so that he was exiled the land, wherevpon +he repaired againe vnto his old friend Griffin prince of Northwales, of whome he was +ioifullie receiued, & shortlie after by his aid, & also by the power of a nauie of ships that by +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i> <br />1063.</span> +chance arriued in those parts at that selfe same season vnlooked for out of Norwaie, the said +Algar recouered his earledome by force, as some haue written. King Edward about the +<span class="leftnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i> <br /><i>Mat. West.</i></span> +twentith yeare of his reigne, as then remaining at Glocester, appointed earle Harold to inuade +the dominions of Griffin king of Wales. Harold taking with him a power of horssemen, +made spéed, and came to Rutland, and there burned Griffins palace, and also his ships, and +then about Midlent returned againe into England.</p> +<p> +After this, about the Rogation wéeke, Harold eftsoones by the kings commandement went +against the Welshmen, and taking the sea, sailed by Bristow, round about the coast, compassing +in maner all Wales. His brother Tostie that was earle of Northumberland, met him +<span class="rightnote">[Sidenote:<br /> Wales destroied and harried by the Englishmen.</span> +by appointment with an host of horssemen, and so joining togither, they destroied the countrie +of Wales in such sort, that the Welshmen were compelled to submit themselues, to deliuer +<span class="leftnote">The Welshmen agrée to pay their accustomed tribute.<br /><br /> +1064. <br /><i>Wil. Malm.</i> <br /><i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +hostages, and conditioned to paie the ancient tribute which before time they had paied. +And moreouer, they renounced their prince the forenamed Griffin, so that he remained as +a banished person: and finallie, about the fift day of August, they slue him, and sent his +head to earle Harold. Afterwards king Edward granted the rule of Wales vnto Blengent +or Blethgent, & Riuall, Griffins two brethren, which did homage vnto him for the same, +and had serued vnder Harold against their brother the foresaid Griffin. There be which +write, that not onelie Griffin, but also another of his brethren called Rice, was brought to +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +his death by the manfull meanes and politike order of earle Harold, & all the sauage people +of Wales reduced into the forme of good order vnder the subiection of king Edward.</p> +<p> +<span class="leftnote">Harold goeth ouer into Normandie. <br /><i>Polydor.</i><br /><br /> <i>Edmerus.</i></span> +Shortlie after, earle Harold chanced to passe ouer into Normandie, whither of hap or +of purpose it is hard to define, writers doo varie so much in report thereof. Some write that +he made earnest sute to king Edward, to haue licence to go ouer to sée his brother Wilnot, +and his nephue Hacune, which (as ye haue heard) were deliuered as pledges to king Edward, +& sent into Normandie to remaine there with duke William, and at length with much +adoo, got leaue: but yet he was told aforehand of the king, that he would repent his iournie, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Mat. West.</i> <br /><i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +and doo the thing that should be preiudiciall to the realme. Other write that Harold lieng +at his manor of Bosham, went aboord one day into his fishers boat or craier, and caused the +same to lanch forth to the sea for his pleasure: but by misfortune at the same time, a contrarie +wind suddenlie came about, and droue the vessell on land into France vpon the coast +of Ponthieu, where he was taken by the countrie people, & presented to the earle of Ponthieu +named Guie or Guido, who kept him as prisoner, meaning to put him to a grieuous +ransome. But Harold remembring himselfe of a wile, dispatched a messenger forth with all +spéed vnto William, duke of Normandie, signifieng vnto him, that he being sent from king +Edward to confirme such articles, as other meane men that had béene sent vnto him afore +had talked of, by chance he was fallen into the hands of the earle of Ponthieu, and kept +as prisoner against all order of law, reason, or humanitie. Duke William thus informed by +the messenger, sent to the earle of Ponthieu, requiring him to set earle Harold at libertie, +that he might repaire to him according to his commission. The earle of Ponthieu at the +<span class="rightnote">Harold is presented to William duke of Normandie.</span> +dukes request, did not onelie restore Harold to his libertie, but also brought him into Normandie, +and presented him there to the duke, of whome he was most ioifullie receiued.</p> +<p> +<span class="leftnote"><i>Hen. Hunt.</i></span> +There be that agrée partlie with this report, and partlie varie: for they write, that earle +Harold tooke the sea vpon purpose to haue sailed into Flanders, and that by force of wind +he was driuen to the coast of Ponthieu, and so after came into Normandie in maner as before +is mentioned. But by what means or occasion soeuer he came thither, certeine it is, +<span class="rightnote">Harold was highly welcomed of Duke William.</span> +that he was ioifullie receiued, and had great chéere made him by the said duke William, who at<a name="page752" id="page752"></a><span class="page">[Page 752]</span> +that time was readie to make a iournie against the Britains, and tooke earle Harold with him +to haue his companie in armes in that iournie, that he might haue the better triall of his +valiancie. Earle Harold behaued himselfe so, that he shewed good proofe both of his wisedome +and policie, and also of his forwardnesse to execute that with hand, which by wit he +had deuised, so that duke William had him in high fauour, and (as it hath béene said) earle +Harold (to procure him more friendship at the dukes hands) declared vnto him, that king +Edward had ordeined him his heire if he died without issue, and that he would not faile to +kéepe the realme of England to the dukes vse, according to that ordinance, if K. Edward +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. West.</i> <br />Duke William promised to Harold his daughter in mariage.</span> +died without issue. And to performe this promise, he receiued a corporall oth, whether +willinglie to win the more credit, or forced thereto by duke William, writers report it diuerslie. +At the same time, duke William promised vnto him his daughter in marriage, +whom Harold couenanted in like maner to take to wife.</p> + + <hr /><br /><br /> + <a name="seuenth8" id="seuenth8"></a> + <p> +<i>Harold at his returne into England reporteth to K. Edward what he had doone beyond the +seas, and what the king said vnto him in that behalfe, who foresaw the comming of the +Normans into this land to conquer it; when and why king Edward promised to make +duke William his heire, (wherein note his subtiltie) dissention betwixt Harold and Tostie +two brethren the sonnes of earle Goodwine, their vnnaturall and cruell dealing one with +another, speciallie of the abhominable and merciles murthers committed by Tostie, against +whome the Northumbers rebell vpon diuerse occasions, and reward him with answerable +reuengement; Harold is sent against them, but preuaileth not; they offer to returne +home if they might haue a new gouernor; they renounce Tostie and require Marchar in +his roome, Tostie displeased getteth him into Flanders; king Edward dieth, his manners +and disposition note-woorthie, his charitie and deuotion, the vertue of curing the maladie +called the kings euill deriued from him to the succéeding kings of this land, he was +warned of his death by a ring, he is canonized for a saint, the last woords that he spake +on his death-bed, wherein he vttered to the standers by a vision, prophesieng that England +should be inhabited with strangers, a description of the kings person, of a blasing +starre fore-telling his death, the progenie of the Westsaxon kings, how long they continued, +the names of their predecessors and successors; whence the first kings of seuen +kingdoms of Germanie had their pedegree, &c.</i></p> + +<h3>THE SEUENTH CHAPTER.</h3> +<p> +Now when Harold should returne into England, duke William deliuered him his nephue +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +Hacune, but kept his brother Wilnote with him still as a pledge. Then went earle Harold +into England, and declared vnto king Edward what he had doone, who said vnto him; +"Did not I tell thee that thou wouldest doo the thing whereof thou shouldest repent thee, +and procure a mischiefe to follow vnto thy countrie? But God of his mercie turne that euill +hap from this realme, or at the least, if it be his pleasure, that it must needs come to passe, +yet to staie it till after my daies!" Some by Harolds purposed going ouer into Normandie, +doo gather, that king Edward foresaw the comming of the Normans; and that he meant nothing +<span class="rightnote">When the promise was made by king Edward to make duke William his heire.</span> +lesse, than to performe the promise made vnto duke William, as to adopt him his +heire, which promise should séeme to be made in time or his banishment, when he stood in +néed of friendship; as the maner of men in such cases is, to promise much, how so euer +they intend to fulfill. But rather it maie be thought, that king Edward had made no such +promise at all, but perceiued the ambitious desire of duke William, and therefore would not +that anie occasion should be ministred unto him to take hold of. Wherefore, he was loth +that Harold should go ouer vnto him, least that might happen, which happened in déed.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Hen. Hunt.</i> <br /><i>Matth. West.</i> <br /><i>Fabian</i>.<br />Falling out between brethren. +<br />The cruell dealing of earle Tostie.</span> +In the foure and twentieth and last yéere of king Edward his reigne, or therabout, there<a name="page753" id="page753"></a><span class="page">[Page 753]</span> +fell variance betwixt the two brethren, earle Harold and earle Tostie at Windsor, where the +court then lay, in so much that earle Harold caught Tostie by the haire of the head in the +kings presence, and stroke him. Heervpon, Tostie departing from the court in great anger, +came to Hereford in the marches of Wales, where Harolds seruants were preparing for the +kings comming to their maisters house, which seruants he tooke and slue, chopping them in +péeces, and threw into this hogshead of wine a leg, into that barrell of sider an arme, into +this vessell of ale an head: and so into the lomes of meth and tubs of brine and other liquor +he bestowed the parts of the dead carcasses of his brothers seruants, sending the king woord +that he had prouided at his brothers manor, against his coming, good plentie of sowse & +powdred meat, whatsoeuer he should find beside.</p> +<p> +The rumor of this cruell deed sprang ouer all the realme, wherevpon the Northumbers, +whome he had gouerned for the space of ten yéeres verie cruellie, tooke occasion to rebell +<span class="rightnote">The Northumbers rebell against Tostie their earle.</span> +against him, and slue his seruants both Englishmen and Danes, spoiled his houses, and tooke +awaie his horsses, his armour, and all other his goods and houshold stuffe. The chiefest cause +(as is remembred by some writers) that mooued the Northumbers thus to rise and rebell +against Tostie, was for the detestable murther of certeine gentlemen of their countrie, seruants +unto Gospatrike, whom the queene in behalfe of hir brother had caused to be slaine in +the court by treason, in the fourth night of Christmas last past, and also in reuenge of other +noble men, which in the last yéere Tostie himselfe had commanded to be murthered in his +owne chamber at Yorke, whither he had allured them to come vnder colour of concluding +a peace with them. Also the gréeuous paiments, wherewith he charged the people of that +countrie, set them in a great rage against him.</p> +<p> +But the king aduertised héereof, liked not their dooings, for that they had doone it without +commandement or commission, and therefore sent earle Harold with an armie to chastise +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +them, but they were strong inough to withstand him, as those which were assembled in +armour togither with the people of Lincolnshire, Notinghamshire, and Darbishire, and +hauing with them Marcharus or Malcharus, the sonne of earle Algar, were come as farre as +Northhampton, doing much hurt in the parts therabouts. Howbeit to haue the kings peace, +they offered to returne home, so that they might haue an other earle appointed them, for +that they plainlie protested, that they being freemen, borne and bred out of bondage, might +not suffer anie cruell gouernor to rule ouer them, being taught by their ancestors, either to +liue in libertie, or to die in defense thereof. If therefore it might please the king to assigne +Marcharus the son of earle Algar to be their ruler, he should see how obedient subiects they +would prooue & shew themselues to be, when they should be vsed after a reasonable and +courteous manner. All things considered, their request seemed reasonable, or at least it +<span class="rightnote">Marcharus made earle of Northumberland.</span> +was thought necessarie that it should be granted. And so was Marcharus or Malcherus +made earle of Northumberland. Tostie in great displeasure with his wife and children +sailed ouer into Flanders, and there remained till after the deceasse of king Edward.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">K. Edward departed this life. <br /><i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +Finallie, after that this courteous prince king Edward had reigned thrée and twentie yéeres, +seuen moneths, and od daies, he departed this life at London the fourth of Ianuarie, and was +buried in the church of Westminster, which he had in his life time roiallie repared, after +such a statelie sort as few churches in those daies were like therevnto within this realme, +<span class="rightnote">K. Edvard his maners and disposition of mind described.</span> +so that afterwards the same was a paterne for other to be built after the same forme. This +Edward was a prince of such a vertuous disposition of mind, that his fame of holinesse +sprang ouer all. He abhorred warres and shedding of bloud, in so much that when he +liued as a banished man in Normandie, he had this saieng oftentimes in his mouth, that he +had rather liue a priuate life for euer, than to obteine the kingdome by the slaughter and +death of anie man. He could not abide to haue the people oppressed with tributes or +exactions, in so much that he caused the paiement called Danegilt (which had continued for +the space almost of fortie yéeres) to ceasse. It hath beene said, that when the collectors +of this monies or some other subsidie, had got an huge quantitie of treasure togither, they +<span class="rightnote">A diuell fetching gambols.</span> +brought it vnto him, and laid it altogither vpon an heape, so to delight his eies: but he declaring<a name="page754" id="page754"></a><span class="page">[Page 754]</span> +that he saw a diuell plaieng and fetching gambols about that heape of monie, commanded +that it should be had awaie, and restored againe to them of whome it was leauied.</p> +<p> +In diet and apparell he was spare and nothing sumptuous: and although on high feasts +he ware rich apparell, as became the maiestie of his roiall personage; yet he shewed no +proud nor loftie countenance, rather praising God for his bountifull goodnesse towards him +extended, than estéeming heerein the vaine pompe of the world. The pleasure that he +tooke chieflie in this world for the refreshing of his wits, consisted onelie in hawking and +hunting, which exercises he dailie vsed, after he had first beene in the church at diuine seruice. +In other things he seemed wholie giuen to a deuout trade of life, charitable to the +poore, and verie liberall, namelie to hospitals and houses of religion in the parties of beyond +the sea, wishing euer that the moonks and religious persons of his realme would haue followed +the vertue and holinesse of life vsed amongst them of forren parties. As hath béene thought +he was inspired with the gift of prophesie, and also to haue had the gift of healing infirmities +and diseases. He vsed to helpe those that were vexed with the disease, commonlie called +the kings euill, and left that vertue as it were a portion of inheritance vnto his successors the +kings of this realme.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">A tale of a ring.</span> +He was warned (as hath béene reported) of his death certeine daies before he died, by a +ring that was brought him by certeine pilgrims comming from Hierusalem, which ring he +had secretlie giuen to a poore man that asked his charitie in the name of God and saint Iohn +<span class="rightnote">King Edward canonized for a saint. <br /><i>Wil. Malms.</i> <br /><i>Matt. Westm.</i></span> +the Euangelist. But to conclude, such was the opinion conceiued of his holinesse of life, +that shortlie after his decease, he was canonized amongst the number of saints, and named +Edward the Confessor. Whilest he lay sicke of that sicknesse, whereof at length he died, +after he had remained for two daies speechlesse, the third day after when he had laine for a +time in a slumber or soft sléepe, at the time of his waking, he fetched a déepe sigh, and +thus said; "Oh Lord God almightie, if this be not a vaine fantasticall illusion, but a true +vision which I haue séene, grant me space to vtter the same vnto these that stand héere present, +or else not." And herewith hauing his speech perfect, he declared how he had séene +two moonks stand by him as he thought, whome in his youth he knew in Normandie to +haue liued godlie, and died christianlie. "These moonks (said he) protesting to me that +they were the messengers of God, spake these words; Bicause the chéefe gouernors of +England, the bishops and abbats, are not the ministers of God, but the diuels, the almightie +God hath deliuered this kingdome for one yéere and a day into the hands of the enimie, and +wicked spirits shall walke abroad through the whole land. And when I made answer that +I would declare these things to the people, and promised on their behalfe, that they should doo +penance in following the example of the Niniuites: they said againe, that it would not be, +for neither should the people repent, nor God take anie pitie vpon them. And when is +there hope to haue an end of these miseries said I? Then said they; When a grene trée +is cut in sunder in the middle, and the part cut off is caried thrée acres bredth from the +stocke, and returning againe to the stoale, shall ioine therewith, and begin to bud & beare +fruit after the former maner, by reason of the sap renewing the accustomed nourishment; +then (I say) may there be hope that such euils shall ceasse and diminish." ¶ With which +words of the king, though some other that stood by were brought in feare, yet archbishop +Stigand made but a ieast thereof, saieng, that the old man raued now in his sickenesse, as +men of great yéeres vse to doo. Neuerthelesse the truth of this prophesie afterwards too +plainlie appeared, when England became the habitation of new strangers, in such wise, that +there was neither gouernor, bishop, nor abbat remaining therein of the English nation. But +now to make an end with king Edward, he was of person comelie, & of an indifferent stature, +of white haire, both head and beard, of face ruddie, and in all parts of his bodie faire +skinned, with due state and proportion of lims as was thereto conuenient. In the yéere before +the death of king Edward, a blasing starre appeared, the which when a moonke of +Malmesburie named Eilmer beheld, he vttered these words (as it were by way of prophesieng:) +Thou art come (saith he) thou art come, much to be lamented of manie a mother:<a name="page755" id="page755"></a><span class="page">[Page 755]</span> +it is long agone sith I saw thée, but now I doo behold thee the more terrible, threatening +destruction to this countrie by thy dreadfull appearance. In the person of king Edward +ceased by his death the noble progenie of the Westsaxon kings, which had continued from +the first yeare of the reigne of Cerdike or Cerdicius, the space of 547 yeeres complet. And +from Egbert 266 yéeres.</p> +<p> +Moreouer, sith the progenie of the Saxon kings seemeth wholie to take end with this Edward +surnamed the Confessor, or the third of that name before the conquest, we haue +thought good for the better helpe of memorie to referre the reader to a catalog of the names +as well of those that reigned among the Westsaxons (who at length, as ye haue heard, obteined +the whole monarchie) as also of them which ruled in the other seuen kingdomes +before the same were vnited vnto the said kingdome of the Westsaxons, which catalog you +shall find in the description of Britaine, pag. 31, 32, 33.</p> +<p> +Here is to be remembred, that as partlie before is expressed, we find in some old writers, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matt. West.</i></span> +how the first kings of seuen kingdomes of the Germane nation that bare rule in this Ile, +fetcht their pedegrées from one Woden, who begat of Frea his wife seuen sonnes, that is to +say, <span class="foo">1</span> Vecta, of whome came the kings of Kent, <span class="foo">2</span> Fethelgeta, or Frethegeath, from whome +the kings of Mercia descended, <span class="foo">3</span> Balday, of whose race the kings of the Westsaxons had +their originall, <span class="foo">4</span> Beldagius, ancestor to the kings of Bernicia, and the Northumbers, <span class="foo">5</span> Wegodach +or Wegdagus, from whome came the kings of Deira, <span class="foo">6</span> Caser, from whome procéeded +the kings of the Eastangles, <span class="foo">7</span> Nascad alias Saxuad, of whome the kings of the +Eastsaxons had their beginning. And here you must note, that although the kings of the +eight kingdome, that is, of the Southsaxons or Sussex, were descended of the same people, +yet were they not of the same line. By other it should séeme, that Woden had but fiue +sonnes: as Vecta, great grandfather to Hengist; Wepedeg, ancestor to the kings of the +Eastangles; Viclac, from whome procéeded the kings of Mercia; Saxuad, from whom the +kings of Essex came; and Beldag, of whose generation proceeded the kings of the Southsaxons, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun. <br />Io. Textor</i>.</span> +Westsaxons, and the Northumbers. Moreouer, there be that bring the genealogie +from Noe to Noah, the sonne of Lamech, which Noe was the 9 in descent from Adam, +and Woden the 15 from Noe, as you shall find in the historie of England, lib. 6. pag. 663. +Noe was the father to Sem the father of Bedwi, the father of Wala, the father of Hatria +or Hathra, the father of Itermod, the father of Heremod, the father of Sheaf or Seaf, +the father of Seldoa or Sceldua, the father of Beatu or Beau, the father of Teathwij aliàs +Tadwa or Teathwy, the father of Geta, reputed for a god among the gentiles, the father +of Fingodulph otherwise Godulph, the father of Fritwolfe otherwise Friuin, the father of +Freolaf aliàs Freolater, the father of Frethwold or Friderwald, the father of the aforenamed +Woden or Othen.</p> + +<hr /><br /><br /> +<a name="eight8" id="eight8"></a> +<p> +<i>The peeres are in doubt to whome the rule of the land should be committed, why they durst +not that Edgar Edeling should vndertake it though he was interested to the same, how +William duke of Normandie pretended a right to the crowne, Harold the sonne of earle +Goodwine crowned, proclaimed, and consecrated king; his subtill and adulatorie meanes +to win the peoples fauour; duke William sendeth ambassadors to Harold to put him in +mind of a promise passed to the said duke for his furtherance to obteine the crowne; +Harolds negatiue answer to the said ambassage, as also to the marieng of the dukes +daughter which was Harolds owne voluntarie motion; he prouideth against the inuasions +of the enimie as one doubting afterclaps, a blasing starre of seuen daies continuance.</i></p> + +<h3>THE EIGHT CHAPTER.</h3> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">HAROLD. <br />K. Edward departed this life. <br />An. Christi. + <br />1065, after the account of the church of England. <br /><i>Matth. West.</i> +<i>Polydor.</i> Edeling, that is, a noble man, and such one as is come of the kings blood.</span> +King Edward being thus departed this life, the péeres of the land were in great doubt +& perplexitie to whome they might best commit the roiall gouernement of the realme. +For there was not anie among them that had iust title thereto, or able and apt to take the<a name="page756" id="page756"></a><span class="page">[Page 756]</span> +charge vpon him. For although Edgar surnamed Edeling, the sonne of Edward the outlaw, +that was sonne of Edmund Ironside, was at the same time latelie come into England, +with his mother and sisters out of Hungarie where he was borne: yet for that he was but +a child, & not of sufficient age to beare rule, they durst not as then commit the gouernement +of the realme vnto him, least (as some haue thought) his tendernesse of age might +first bréed a contempt of his person, and therewith minister occasion to ciuill discord, wherby +a shipwracke of the estate might ensue, to the great annoie and present ouerthrow of such +as then liued in the same. But what consideration soeuer they had in this behalfe, they +ought not to haue defrauded the yoong gentleman of his lawfull right to the crowne. For +as we haue heard and séene, God, whose prouidence and mightie power is shewed by ouerthrowing +of high and mightie things now and then, by the weake and féeble hath gouerned +states and kingdomes oftentimes in as good quiet and princelie policie by a child, as by men +of age and great discretion.</p> +<p> +But to the purpose, beside the doubt which rested among the lords, how to bestow the +crowne, the manifold and strange woonders, which, were séene and heard in those daies, betokening +(as men thought) some change to be at hand in the state of the realme, made +the lords afraid, and namelie bicause they stood in great doubt of William duke of Normandie, +who pretended a right to the crowne, as lawfull heire appointed by king Edward, for that +<span class="rightnote">Dukes of Normandie.</span> +he was kin to him in the second and third degree. For Richard the first of that name +duke of Normandie, begot Richard the second, and Emma; which Emma bare Edward by +hir husband Ethelred. Richard the second had also issue Richard the third, and Robert, +which Robert by a concubine had issue William, surnamed the bastard, that was now duke +of Normandie, and after the death of his coosine king Edward, made claime (as is said) to +the crowne of England.</p> +<p> +Whilest the lords were thus studieng and consulting what should be best for them to doo +<span class="rightnote">Harold proclaimed king of England.</span> +in these doubts, Harold, the son of Goodwine earle of Kent, proclaimed himselfe king of +England: the people being not much offended therewith, bicause of the great confidence +and opinion which they had latelie conceiued of his valiancie. Some write (among whome +<span class="leftnote">Edmerus.</span> +Edmerus is one) how king Edward ordeined before his death, that Harold should succéed +him as heire to the crowne, and that therevpon the lords immediatlie after the said Edwards +deceasse, crowned Harold for their king, and so he was consecrated by Aldred archbishop +of Yorke, according to the custom and maner of the former kings, or (as other affirme) he +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. West.</i></span> +set the crowne on his owne head without anie the accustomed ceremonies, in the yéere after +the birth of our sauiour 1066, or in the yéere of Christ 1065, after the account of the +church of England (as before is noted.)</p> +<p> +But how and whensoeuer he came to the seat roiall of this kingdome, certeine it is, that +this Harold in the begining of his reigne, considering with himselfe how and in what sort +he had taken vpon him the rule of the kingdome, rather by intrusion than by anie lawfull +<span class="rightnote">Harold séeketh to win the peoples hearts. <br /><i>Sim. Dunel.</i></span> +right, studied by all meanes which way to win the peoples fauour, and omitted no occasion +whereby he might shew anie token of bountious liberalitie, gentlenesse and courteous behauiour +towards them. The gréeuous customes also and taxes which his predecessors had +raised, he either abolished or diminished: the ordinarie wages of his seruants and men of +warre he increased, and further shewed himselfe verie well bent to all vertue and goodnesse, +whereby he purchased no small fauor among such as were his subiects.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">An ambassage from Normandie.</span> +Whilest Harold went about thus to steale the peoples good willes, there came ouer vnlooked +for sundrie ambassadours from William the bastard duke of Normandie, with commission +to require him to remember his oth sometime made to the said William in the time +of his extremitie, which was, that he the said Harold should aid him in the obteining of the +crowne of England, if king Edward should happen to die without issue. This couenant he +made (as it is supposed) in king Edwards daies, when (by licence of the same Edward, or +rather (as Edmerus writeth) against his will) he went ouer into Normandie to visit his brethren, +which laie there as pledges.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">K. Harolds answer.</span> +Howbeit at this present, Harolds answer to the said ambassadors was, that he would be<a name="page757" id="page757"></a><span class="page">[Page 757]</span> +readie to gratifie the duke in all that he could demand, so that he would not aske the realme, +<span class="leftnote"><i>Eadmerus.</i></span> +which alreadie he had in his full possession. And further he declared vnto them (as some +write) that as for the oth which he had made in times past vnto duke William, the same was +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. West.</i></span> +but a constreined & no voluntarie oth, which in law is nothing; since thereby he tooke vpon +him to grant that which was not in his power to giue, he being but a subiect whilest king Edward +was liuing. For if a promised vow or oth which a maid maketh concerning the bestowing +of hir bodie in hir fathers house, without his consent, is made void; much more an oth by +him made that was a subiect, and vnder the rule of a king, without his souereignes consent, +ought to be void and of no value. He alledged moreouer, that as for him to take an oth to +deliuer the inheritance of anie realme without the generall consent of the estates of the same, +could not be other than a great péece of presumption, yea although he might haue iust title +therevnto; so it was an vnreasonable request of the duke at this present to will him to renounce +the kingdome, the gouernance whereof he had alreadie taken vpon him, with so +great fauor and good liking of all men.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Duke William eftsoones sendeth to king Harold.</span> +Duke William hauing receiued this answer, and nothing liking thereof, sent once againe +to Harold, requiring him then at the least-wise, that he would take his daughter to wife, according +to his former promise; in refusing whereof he could make no sound allegation, bicause +it was a thing of his owne motion, and in his absolute power, both to grant and to +performe. But Harold being of a stout courage, with proud countenance frowned vpon the +Norman ambassadors, and declared to them that his mind was nothing bent as then to yéeld +therevnto in any maner of wise. And so with other talke tending to the like effect he sent +them away without anie further answer. The daughter of duke William whome Harold +should haue maried, was named Adeliza, as Gemeticensis saith, and with hir (as the same +<span class="rightnote"><i>Gemeticensis.</i></span> +author writeth) it was couenanted by duke William, that Harold should inioy halfe the +<span class="leftnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +realme in name of hir dower. Howbeit some write that this daughter of duke William was +departed this life before the comming of these ambassadors, and that Harold therevpon +thought himselfe discharged of the oth and couenants made to duke William, and therefore +sent them away with such an vntoward answer.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span> +But howsoeuer it was, after the departure of these ambassadors, king Harold (doubting +what would insue) caused his ships to be newlie rigged, his men of warre to be mustered, +and spéedilie put in a readinesse, to the end that if anie sudden inuasion should be made and +attempted by his enimie, he might be able to resist them. ¶ About the same time also, +and vpon the 24 of Aprill (whilest Harold was making prouision to withstand the Norman +force) there appeared a blasing starre, which was séene not onelie here in England, but also +in other parts of the world, and continued the space of seuen daies. This blasing starre +<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog. Houed.</i> <br /><i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +might be a prediction of mischéefe imminent & hanging ouer Harolds head; for they neuer +appeare but as prognosticats of afterclaps. To be resolutelie instructed herein, doo but +peruse a treatise intituled; A doctrine generall of comets or blasing starres published by a +bishop of Mentz in Latine, and set foorth in English by Abraham Fleming vpon the apparition +of a blasing starre séene in the southwest, on the 10 of Nouember 1577, and dedicated +to the right worshipfull sir William Cordell knight, then maister of hir maiesties +rolles, &c.</p> + +<hr /><br /><br /> + +<a name="page758" id="page758"></a><span class="page">[Page 758]</span> +<a name="ninth8" id="ninth8"></a> +<p> +<i>Earle Tostie afflicteth his brother Harold on sea and land, he taketh the repulse, and persuadeth +Harfager king of Norweie to attempt the conquest of England against Harold, +Harfager & Tostie with their powers arriue at Humber, they fight with the Northumbers +vnder the conduct of Edwine and Marchar, and discomfit them; Harold leuieth an armie +against them, the rare valiantnes of a Norwegian souldior; Harfager and Tostie +slaine in battell; the Norwegians are foiled and flie; Harolds vnequall and parciall dividing +of the spoile, he goeth to Yorke to reforms things amisse.</i></p> + +<h3>THE NINTH CHAPTER.</h3> +<p> +Whilest Harold desirous to reteine, and verie loth to let go his vsurped roialtie, had +crackt his credit with the duke of Normandie, and by his lewd reuolting from voluntarie promises +ratified with solemne othes, had also kindled the fire of the dukes furie against him; +it came to passe, that the proud and presumptuous man was (to begin withall) vexed in his +<span class="rightnote">Tostie séekes to disquiets his brother.</span> +owne flesh, I meane his owne kinred. For Tostie the brother of king Harold (who in the +daies of king Edward for his crueltie had béene chased out of the realme by the Northumbers) +returning out of Flanders, assembled a nauie of ships from diuers parts to the number of +<span class="leftnote"><i>Matt. West.</i> <br />saith but 40. <br /><i>Polydor</i>. <br /><i>Ran Higd.</i> <br /><i>Sim. Dun.</i></span> +60, with the which he arriued in the Ile of Wight, & there spoiled the countrie, and afterward +sailing about by the coasts of Kent, he tooke sundrie preies their[a] also, and came at the +last to Sandwich: so that Harold was now constreined to appoint the nauie which he had prepared +against the Normans, to go against his brother earle Tostie. Whereof the said Tostie +being aduertised, drew towards Lindsey in Lincolnshire, and there taking land did much hurt +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i> <br />Tosties repelled. <i>Polydor</i>. <br /><i>Ran. Higd.</i></span> +in the countrie, both with sword and fire, till at length Edwine earle of Mercia, and Marchar +earle of Northumberland, aided with the kings nauie, chased him from thence, and caused +him to flie into Scotland, not without some losse both of his men and ships.</p> +<p> +This trouble was scarse quieted, but streightwaies another came in the necke thereof, farre +more dangerous than the first. For Tostie, perceiuing that he could get no aid in Scotland +<span class="rightnote">Harold Harfager king of Norweie.</span> +to make anie acccount of, sailed forth into Norweie, and there persuaded Harold Harfager +king of that realme, to saile with an armie into England, persuading him that by meanes of +ciuill dissention latelie kindled betwixt the king and his lords (which was not so) it should be +an easie matter for him to make a conquest of the whole realme, and reigne ouer them as +his predecessors had done before. Some authors affirme, that Harold king of Norwey tooke +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matt. West.</i> <br /><i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +this enterprise in hand of his owne mind, and not by procurement of Tostie, saieng, that +Tostie méeting with him in Scotland, did persuade him to go forward in his purposed busines, +and that the said Harold Harfager with all conuenient spéed passed foorth, & with a nauie +<span class="leftnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i> <br />saith 500.</span> +of 300 saile entered into the riuer of Tine, where after he had rested a few daies to refresh his +people, earle Tostie came also with his power (according to an appointment which should be +made betweene them.) They ad furthermore, that they sailed forth alongst the coast, till they +<span class="rightnote">The Norwegians arriue in Humber. <br />Richall. <br /><i>Hen. Hunt.</i></span> +arriued in the mouth of Humber, & then drawing vp against the streame of the riuer Owse, +they landed at length at a place called Richhall, from whence they set forward to inuade the +countrie, & néere vnto Yorke on the northside of the citie, they fought with the power of the +<span class="leftnote">The English men discomfited.</span> +Northumbers, which was led by the earls Edwine and Marchar (two brethren) and there discomfited +and chased them into the citie, with great slaughter and bloudshed.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">[Sidenote:<br />This battell was fought on the even of S. Mattew the apostle, +as saith <br /><i>Si. Dun.</i> <br /><i>Wil. Malm.</i> <br /><i>Hen. Hunt.</i> <br /><i>Matt. West.</i></span> +Harold king of England being aduertised of this chance, made the more hast forward (for he +was alreadie in the field with his armie, intending also to come towards his enimies) so that vpon +the fift day after he came to Stamford bridge, finding there the said king Harfager and Tostie +readie imbattelled, he first assailed those that kept the bridge, where (as some writers affirme) +a Norwegian souldier with his axe defended the passage, mauger the whole host of the Englishmen, +and slue fortie of them or more with his axe, & might not be ouercome, till an Englishman +went with a boat vnder the said bridge, and through an hole thereof thrust him vp into +the bodie with his speare: yet Matt. West, saith that he was slaine with a dart which one<a name="page759" id="page759"></a><span class="page">[Page 759]</span> +of king Harold his seruants threw at him, & so ended his life. Which bridge being woone, +<span class="leftnote">The Norwegians discomfited.</span> +the whole host of the Englishmen passed ouer, and ioined with their enimies, and after a verie +great and sore battell put them all to flight.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">The king of Norwaie and Tostie slaine.</span> +In this conflict Harold Harfager king of the Norwegians was slaine, & so was Tostie +the king of England his brother, besides a great number of other, as well in the battell as in +the chase: neither did the Englishmen escape all frée, for the Norwegians fought it out a long +<span class="leftnote">This battell was fought on the 25 of September as saith <br /><i>Si. Dun.</i></span> +time verie stoutlie, beating downe and killing great numbers of such as assailed them with +great courage and assurance. The residue of the Norwegians that were left to kéepe their +ships vnder the guiding of Olaue sonne to the king of Norwaie, and Paule earle of Orkneie, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. West.</i></span> +after they vnderstood by their fellowes that escaped from the field, how the mater went with +Harfager and Tostie, they hoised vp their sailes and directed their course homewards, bearing +sorowfull newes with them into their countrie, of the losse of their king and ouerthrow of +<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +all his people. Some write, that the king of England permitted them franklie to depart +with 20 ships, hauing first caused them to deliuer such hostages as they had receiued of +the citizens of Yorke. Harold reioising in that he had atteined so glorious a victorie, and +being now surprised with pride and couetousnesse togither, he diuided the spoile of the +<span class="rightnote"><i>M. West.</i> <br />Vnequall diuiding of the spoile.</span> +field nothing equallie, but to such as he fauored he distributed liberallie, and to other +(though they had much better deserued) he gaue nothing at all, reteining still the best part +of all to himselfe, by reason whereof he lost the fauor of manie of his men, who for this his +discourtesie, did not a little alienate their good willes from him. This doone, he repaired to +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +Yorke, and there staied for a time to reforme the disordered state of the countrie, which by reason +of these warres was greatlie out of frame.</p> +<p> +¶ But Harold being more presumptuous and foole-hardie, than prouident and wise in his +enterprise; bending all his force to redresse enormities in those quarters of Yorkeshire (much +like vnto him, whom the Comediographer marketh for a foole, "Ea tantùm quæ ad pedes +iacent contemplans, non autem ventura præuidens") neglected the kinglie care which he should +haue had of other parts of his realme, from the which he had withdrawen himselfe, and (as it +is likelie) had not left sufficientlie prouided of a conuenient vicegerent to gouerne the same by +his warranted authoritie, and such fortifications as might expell and withstand the enimie. +Which want of foresight gaue occasion to the enimie to attempt an inuasion of the English +coasts, as in the next chapt. shall be shewed.</p> + + <hr /><br /><br /> + <a name="tenth8" id="tenth8"></a> +<p> +<i>William duke of Normandie prepareth to inuade England and to conquere it, the earle of +Flanders and the French king assist him, the number of his ships, hir arriuall at Peuensey +in Sussex, vpon what occasions he entred this realme; the pope liked well duke +Williams attempt, why king Harold was hated of the whole court of Rome; why duke +William would not suffer his souldiers to wast the countries where they came; Harold +goeth towards his enimies, why his vnskilfull espials tooke the Normans (being old beaten +souldiers) for priests; Girth dissuadeth his brother Harold from present incountering with +the duke; where note the conscience that is to be had of an oth, and that periurie can not +scape vnpunished.</i></p> + +<h3>THE TENTH CHAPTER.</h3> +<p> +William duke of Normandie hauing knowledge after what maner K. Harold was busied +in the north parts of his realme, and vnderstanding that the south parts thereof remained destitute +of due prouision for necessarie defense, hasted with all diligence to make his purueiance +of men and ships, that he might vpon such a conuenient occasion set forward to inuade his +enimie. And amongest other of his friends, vnto whome he laboured for aid, his father in +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ia. Meir.</i> <br />Baldwine earle of Flanders aided duke William to conquere England. +<br /><i>Wil. Geme.</i></span> +law Baldwine earle of Flanders was one of the chiefest, who vpon promise of great summes of +monie and other large offers made, did aid him with men, munition, ships, and victuals,<a name="page760" id="page760"></a><span class="page">[Page 760]</span> +verie freelie. The French king also did as much for his part as laie in him to helpe forwards +this so high an enterprise. Wherefore when all things were now in a readinesse, he came to +the towne of S. Valerie, where he had assembled togither an huge nauie of ships, to the number +<span class="leftnote">The chronicles of Normandie haue 896 ships.</span> +(as some authors affirme) of three hundred saile; and when he had taried there a long time +for a conuenient wind, at length it came about euen as he himselfe desired. Then shipping +his armie which consisted of Normans, Flemings, Frenchmen, and Britains, with all expedition +<span class="rightnote">Duke William landed at Peuensey, now Pemsey.</span> +he tooke the sea, and directing his course towards England, he finallie landed at a place +in Sussex, ancientlie called Peuensey, on the 28 day of September, where he did set his men +on land, & prouided all things necessarie to incourage and refresh them.</p> +<p> +At his going out of his ship vnto the shore, one of his féet slipped as he stepped forward, +but the other stacke fast in the sand: the which so soone as one of his knights had espied, and +séeing his hand wherevpon he staied full of earth, when he rose, he spake alowd and said: +"Now sir duke, thou hast the soile of England fast in thy hand, & shalt of a duke yer long +become a king." The duke hearing this tale, laughed merilie thereat, and comming on land, +by and by he made his proclamation, declaring vpon what occasion he had thus entered the +realme.</p> + +<span class="rightnote"><i>Hen. Hunt.</i></span> + <span class="leftnote1">1</span> + <p> +The first and principall cause which he alleged, was for to chalenge his right, meaning the +dominion of the land that to him was giuen and assigned (as he said) by his nephue king Edward +late ruler of the same land.</p> + +<span class="leftnote1">2</span> +<p> +The second was, to reuenge the death of his nephue Alured or Alfred the brother of the +same king Edward, whome Goodwine earle of Kent and his adherents had most cruellie +murthered.</p> + +<span class="leftnote1">3</span> +<p> +The third was to be reuenged of the wrong doone vnto Robert archbishop of Canturburie, +who (as he was informed) was exiled by the meanes and labor of Harold in the daies of +king Edward.</p> +<p> +Wherein we haue to note, that whether it were for displeasure that the pope had sometime +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Lamb.</i><br /> The pope fauored duke Williams enterprise.</span> +conceiued for the wrong doone to the archbishop, or at the onlie sute of duke William, certeine +it is that the pope, as then named Alexander the second, fauored this enterprise of the +duke, and in token thereof sent him a white banner, which he willed him to set vp in the +decke of the ship, wherein he himselfe should saile. In déed (as writers report) the pope with +his cardinals, and all the whole court of Rome had king Harold euer in great hatred and disdaine, +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. West.</i></span> +because he had taken vpon him the crowne without their consent, or anie ecclesiasticall +solemnitie or agréement of the bishops. And although the pope and his brethren the said +cardinals dissembled the matter for the time, yet now beholding to what end his bold presumption +was like to come, with frowning fortune they shewed themselues open aduersaries, inclining +streightwaies to the stronger part, after the manner of couetous persons, or rather of +the réed shaken with a sudden puffe of wind.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Gemeticensis</i>.</span> +Duke William at his first landing at Peuensey or Pemsey (whether you will) fortified a +péece of ground with strong trenches, and leauing therein a competent number of men of +warre to kéepe the same, he sped him toward Hastings, and comming thither, he built an +other fortresse there with all spéed possible, without suffering his souldiers to rob or harrie the +countrie adioining, saieng that it should be great follie for him to spoile that people, which +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +yer manie daies to come were like to be his subiects. K. Harold being as yet in the north +parts, and hearing that duke William was thus landed in England, sped him southward, and +gathering his people togither out of the countries as he went forwards, at length came néere +his enimies: and sending espials into their campe to vnderstand of what strength they were; +<span class="leftnote"><i>Matth. West.</i></span> +the vnskilfull messengers regarding smallie their charge, brought woord againe of nothing else, +<span class="rightnote">Normans berds shauen. <br /><i>Wil. Malm.</i> <br /><i>Hen. Marle.</i></span> +but that all duke Williams souldiers were priests. For the Normans had at that time their +vpper lips and chéekes shauen, whereas the Englishmen vsed to suffer the haire of their vpper +lips to grow at length. But Harold answered, that they were not priests, but wether-beaten +and hardie souldiers, and such as were like to abide well by their capteine.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote">Girth would not haue his brother king Harold fight himselfe. <i>Gemeticensis.</i></span> +In the meane season, Girth one of Harolds yoonger brethren (considering that periurie is<a name="page761" id="page761"></a><span class="page">[Page 761]</span> +neuer left vnpunished) aduised his brother not to aduenture himselfe at this present in the +battell, for so much as he had beene sometime sworne to duke William, but rather to suffer +him and other of the nobilitie to incounter with the said duke, that were not bound to him by +former oth, or otherwise: but Harold answered that he was free from anie such oth, and +that in defense of his countrie he would fight boldly with him as with his greatest enimie. +¶ Where (by the waie) would be noted the conscience which Girth a yoonger brother made +of an oth, not concerning himselfe directlie, but his elder brother Harold, who had sworne the +same; meaning nothing lesse than the performance therof, as the sequele of his dooings to +his discredit and vndooing euidentlie declared, which euents might séeme countable to him as +due punishments and deserued plagues inflicted vpon him and others, for his sake; sith he made +no reckoning of violating a vow ratified with an oth to a prince of no small puissance, who +afterwards became a whip vnto him for his periurie; a sinne detested of the heathen, and +whereof the poet notablie speaketh, saieng: +<span class="rightnote"><i>Tibul, lib. 1.</i></span></p> + +<p class="center"> +Ah miser, & si quis primò periuria celat,<br /> +<span class="indent1">Sera tamen tacitis pœna venit pedibus.</span></p> + + <hr /><br /><br /> + <a name="eleuenth8" id="eleuenth8"></a> +<p> +<i>After peace offered & refused on each side, both armies meete in the field, the order of +the Englishmens attire & araie, the maner how the Normans were placed to fight in battell; +the dissolute and droonken behauior of the Englishmen the night before the incounter +farre differing from the Normans deuout demenour; duke Williams speech vpon occasion +of wrong putting on his armour, the battell betwixt him and king Harold is +valiantlie tried, the English by duke Williams politike stratagem are deceiued, king Harold +slaine, his armie put to flight and manie of them slaine after a long and bloudie incounter, +manie of the Normans pursuing the English ouerhastilie procure their owne +death, they take the spoile of the English, the dead bodies of both armies are licenced to +be buried; the differing reports of writers touching the maner of Harolds death, a description +of his person, his ambition did him much hurt and hinderance, the number that +were slaine on both sides, his bodie buried at Waltham, nothing dispraisewoorthie in him +but his ambitious mind, a view of his valiantnesse in a conflict against the Welshmen, his +rigorous or rather pitilesse handling of them, his seuere law or decree touching their +bounds, they are vtterlie subdued, and (by the kings leaue) the Welshwomen marrie with +the Englishmen, the Saxon line ceasseth, how long it lasted, and how long it was discontinued +by the inuasion of the Danes.</i></p> + +<h3>THE ELEUENTH CHAPTER.</h3> +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Will. Malmes.</i></span> +Now it fortuned that both armies, as well the kings as the earles, being prepared to +battell, diuerse offers were made on each side (before they fell to the conflict) for an vnitie to +haue béene had betwixt the two princes: but when no conditions of agreement could take +place, they forthwith prepared themselues to trie the matter by dint of swoord. And so on +the 14 day of October, being saturday, both hosts met in the field, at a place in Sussex not +<span class="rightnote">The order of the Englishmen.</span> +farre from Hastings, whereas the abbeie of Battell was +afterward builded. The Englishmen +were all brought into one entire maine batell on foot, with huge axes in their hands, and +<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth. West.</i></span> +paled a front with paueises, in such wise that it was thought vnpossible for the enimie to breake +their arraie. On the other side, the Normans were diuided into seuerall battels, as first the +<span class="leftnote">The arraie of the Normans.</span> +footmen that were archers, and also those that bare gleiues and axes were placed in the forefront, +and the horssemen diuided into wings stood on the sides in verie good order.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Hen. Hunt.</i> <br /><i>Will. Malmes.</i></span> +All the night before the battell, the Englishmen made great noise and slept not, but sang +and fell to drinking and making of reuell & pastime, as though there had beene no account +to be made of the next daies trauell. But the Normans behaued themselues warilie and soberlie, +spending all that night in praier and confessing their sinnes vnto God; and in the<a name="page762" id="page762"></a><span class="page">[Page 762]</span> +morning earelie they receiued the communion before they went foorth to the battell. Some +write, that when duke William should put on his armour to go to the field, the backe halfe of +his curasses by chance was set on before by such as holpe to arme him: at which chance he +tooke occasion of laughter, saieng merrilie to them that stood by; "No force, this is good +lucke, for the estate of my dukedome shall be yer night changed into a kingdome." Beside +this, he spake manie comfortable woords vnto his men, to incourage them to the battell. +Neither was Harold forgetfull in that point on his part. And so at conuenient time when +both armies were readie, they made forward each to incounter with other, on the foresaid +fouretéenth day of October, with great force and assurance.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> <br />The battell betwixt king Harold and duke William is begun.</span> +In the beginning of the battell, the arrowes flue abroad freshlie on both sides, till they came +to ioine at hand strokes, and then preassed each side vpon his counter part with swoords, +axes, and other hand weapons verie egerlie. Duke William commanded his horssemen to +giue the charge on the breasts of his enimies battels: but the Englishmen kéeping themselues +close togither without scattering, receiued their enimies vpon the points of their weapons +with such fiercenesse and in such stiffe order, that manie of the Norman horssemen were ouerthrowne +without recouerie, and slaine at the first brunt. When duke William perceiued this +inconuenience (as he that well and throughlie vnderstood the skilfull points of warre as well as +the best) he gaue a signe to his men (according to an order appointed before hand vpon anie +<span class="rightnote">The policie of duke William to disorder his enimies. <br /> +<i>H. Hunt.</i> <br /><i>Wil. Malm.</i></span> +such occasion) that they should giue backe, and make a countenance as though they did flée, +which was quicklie doone by the Normans, and withall they imbattelled their footmen in a +new order, so that their horssemen shifted themselues on the wings, readie to rescue the +footmen if their arraie should happen to be disturbed.</p> +<p> +By this wilie stratagem and policie of warre, the Englishmen were deceiued: for they beholding +the Normans somwhat shrinking backe to bring themselues into the aboue said order, +thought verelie that they had fled, and therevpon meaning to pursue them before they should +recouer their ground, they brake their arraie, and began to follow the chase: wherevpon the +Normans (perceiuing now that all things came to passe as they desired) spéedilie returned, +and casting themselues togither quicklie into arraie, began to charge them againe afresh, and so +<span class="rightnote">A sore foughten battell. <br />King Harold slaine.</span> +hauing them at that aduantage, they slue them downe on euerie side. The Englishmen on +the other part fought sore, and though their king was beaten downe among them and slaine, +yet were they loth to flée or giue ouer; so sharpe was the battell, that duke William himselfe +had thrée horsses slaine vnder him that day, and not without great danger of his person.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i> <br /><i>Matth. West.</i></span> +Some of the Englishmen got them to the height of an hill, and beate backe the Normans +that forced themselues to win the hill of them, so that it was long yer the Normans could +preuaile, being oftentimes driuen downe into the botome of the vallie beneath. At length the +<span class="leftnote">The Englishmen put to flight.</span> +Englishmen, perceiuing themselues to be ouermatched and beaten downe on euerie side, and +therevnto greatlie discouraged with slaughter of their king, began first to giue ground, and after +to scatter and to run away, so that well was he that might then escape by flight. When +<span class="rightnote"><i>Chron. de bello.</i> <br /><i>Wil. Geme.</i> <br />The Normans fall into a ditch.</span> +they had fought the most part of all that saturday, the Normans followed the chase with such +eger rashnesse, that a great number of them falling with their horsses and armour into a blind +ditch (shadowed with reed and sedges which grew therein) were smouldered and pressed to +death, yer they could be succoured or get anie reliefe. The next day the Normans fell to +gathering in the spoile of the field, burieng also the dead bodies of their people that were +slaine at the battell, giuing licence in semblable manner to the Englishmen to doo the like. +<span class="rightnote"><i>Giral. Camb.</i></span> +Of the death of Harold diuerse report diuerslie, in so much that Girald Cambrensis saith, +that after king Harold had receiued manie wounds, and lost his left eie, he fled from the field +vnto the citie of Westchester, and liued there long after, an holie life, as an anchoret in the +cell of S. James, fast by S. Johns church, and there made a godlie end. But the saieng of +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i> <br /><i>Hen. Hunt.</i> <br /><i>Matth. West.</i></span> +Girald Cambren. in that point is not to be credited, bicause of the vnlikelihood of the thing it +selfe, and also generall consent of other writers, who affirme vniuersallie that he was killed in +the battell, first being striken thorough the left eie by the scull into the braine with an arrow, +wherevpon falling from his horsse to the ground, he was slaine in that place, after he had +<span class="rightnote"><i>Floriac.</i> <br /><i>Simon Dun.</i></span> +reigned nine moneths and nine daies, as Floriacensis dooth report. He was a man of a comelie<a name="page763" id="page763"></a><span class="page">[Page 763]</span> +stature, and of a hawtie courage, & albeit that for his valiancie he was highlie renowmed +<span class="leftnote"><i>Henr. Hunt.</i> <i>Polydor.</i> <br /> +The chronicles of Normandie haue of English men slaine 67974, and of Normans 6013.</span> +and honored of all men, yet through his pride and ambition he lost the harts of manie. There +were slaine in this battell, besides king Harold and his two brethren, Girth and Leofrike, +what on the one side and on the other, aboue twentie thousand men.</p> +<p> +The bodie of king Harold being found among other slaine in the field, was buried at Waltham, +within the monasterie of the holie crosse which he before had founded, and indowed to +the behoofe of such canons as he had placed there, with faire possessions. Verelie (as some +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ex 6. libro Polycraticon, side de nugis curialium.</i> <br /><i>John Sarisb.</i></span> +old writers haue reported) there was nothing in this man to be in anie wise dispraised, if his +ambitious mind could haue beene staied from coueting the kingdome, and that he could haue +béene contented to haue liued as a subiect. Among other manifest proofes of his high valiancie, +this is remembred of him, that being sent against the Welshmen (as before is partlie mentioned) +knowing their readie nimblenesse in seruice, and how with their light armed men they were accustomed +to annoie and distresse those that should assaile them, he likewise (to match them) prepared +light armed men for the purpose, & so being furnished with such bands of nimble men and +light souldiers, entered vpon the mounteins of Snowdon, and there remained amongst the +enimies for the space of two yéeres. He sore afflicted the Welsh nation, tooke their kings, +and sent their heads vnto the king that sent him about his businesse, and proceeding in such +rigorous maner as might mooue the hearers to lament and pitie the case, he caused all the male +kind that might be met with, to be miserablie slaine: and so with the edge of his swoord +he brought the countrie to quiet, and withall made this lawe; that if anie Welshman from +thencefoorth should presume to passe the limits ouer Offas ditch with anie weapon about +him, he should lose his right hand. To conclude, by the valiant conduct of this chieftaine, +the Welshmen were then so sore brought vnder, that in maner the whole nation might séeme +to faile, and to be almost vtterlie destroied. And therefore by permission of the king of +England, the Women of Wales ioined themselues in marriage with Englishmen. Finallie, +héereby the bloud of the Saxons ceassed to reigne in England after they had continued possession +of the same, from the first comming of Hengist, which was about the yéere of our +Sauiour 450, or 449, vntill that present yeere of king Harolds death, which chanced in the +<span class="rightnote">1069.</span> +yéere 1069. So that from the beginning of Hengist his reigne, vnto Harolds death, are +reckoned 916 yéeres, or (after some) 617, as by the supputation of the time will easilie appeere. +By all the which time there reigned kings of the Saxons bloud within this land, except +that for the space of twentie yéeres and somewhat more, the Danes had the dominion of +the realme in their possession: for there are reckoned from the beginning of K. Swaines +reigne (which was the first Dane that gouerned England) vnto the last yéere of K. Hardicnute +(the last Dane that ruled heere) 28 yéeres, in which meane space Egelred recouering the kingdome +reigned 2 yéeres, then after him his sonne Edmund Ironside continued in the rule one +yéere; so that the Danes had the whole possession of the land but 25 yéeres in all. Touching +this alteration, and others incident to this Iland, read a short aduertisement annexed (by waie +of conclusion) to this historie, comprising a short summarie of the most notable conquests of +this countrie one after an other, by distances of times successiuelie.</p> + + <hr /><br /><br /> + <a name="twelfe8" id="twelfe8"></a> +<p> +<i>The rule of this realme by Gods prouidence allotted to duke William, his descent from +Rollo the first duke of Normandie downewards to his particular linage, he was base begotten +vpon the bodie of Arlete duke Roberts concubine, a pleasant speech of hirs to duke +Robert on a time when he was to haue the vse of hir person, a conclusion introductorie for +the sequele of the chronicle from the said duke of Normandies coronation, &c: with a +summarie of the notable conquests of this Iland.</i></p> + +<h3>THE TWELFE CHAPTER.</h3> +<p> +Now, forsomuch as it pleased God by his hid and secret iudgement so to dispose the +realme of England, and in such wise, as that the gouernance thereof should fall after this maner +into the hands of William duke of Normandie, I haue thought good before I enter further<a name="page764" id="page764"></a><span class="page">[Page 764]</span> +into this historie (being now come to the conquest of the realme, made by the foresaid +duke of Normandie) to set downe his pedegrée, thereby to shew how he descended from +the first duke of that countrie, who was named Rollo, and after by receiving baptisme called +Robert.</p> +<p> +The said Rollo or Rou, was sonne to a great lord in Denmarke called Guion, who hauing +two sons, the said Rou and Gourin, and being appointed to depart the countrie, as the +lots fell to him and other (according to the maner there vsed, in time when their people were +increased to a greater number than the countrie was able to susteine) refused to obeie that +order, and made warre there against the king, who yet in the end by practise found meanes +to slea the foresaid Guion, and his sonne Gourin; so that Rou or Rollo, hauing thus lost his +father and brother, was compelled to forsake the countrie, with all those that had holpe his +father to make warre against the king. Thus driuen to séeke aduentures, at length he became +a christian, and was created duke of Normandie, by gift of Charles king of France, surnamed +le Simple, whose daughter the ladie Gilla he also maried: but she departing this life without +issue, he maried Popée daughter to the earle of Bessin and Baileux, whome he had kept as his +wife before he was baptised, and had by hir a sonne named William Longespée, and a daughter +named Gerlota.</p> +<p> +William Longespée or Longaspata, had to wife the ladie Sporta, daughter to Hubert earle +of Senlis, by whome he had issue Richard the second of that name duke of Normardie, who +married the ladie Agnes, the daughter of Hugh le grand, earle of Paris, of whome no issue procéeded: +but after hir deceasse, he maried to his second wife a gentlewoman named Gonnor, +daughter to a knight of the Danish line, by whom he had thrée sonnes, Richard that was +<span class="rightnote">Ye must note that there was one Richard duke of Normandie before Rollo.</span> +after duke of Normandie, the third of that name, Robert and Mauger. He had also by hir +three daughters, Agnes otherwise called Emma, married first to Egelred king of England, and +after to K. Cnute: Helloie, otherwise Alix, bestowed vpon Geffrey earle of Britaine: and +Mawd coupled in marriage with Euldes earle of Charters and Blais. Richard the third of +that name maried Iudith, sister to Geffrey earle of Britaine, by whome he had issue thrée +sonnes, Richard, Robert, and William, and as manie daughters: Alix, married to Reignold +earle of Burgogne, Elenor married to Baldwine earle of Flanders; and the third died yoong, +being affianced to Alfonse king of Nauarre. Their mother deceassed after she had beene +married ten yéeres, and then duke Richard married secondlie the ladie Estric, sister to Cnute +king of England and Denmarke, from whome he purchased to be diuorsed, and then married a +gentlewoman called Pauie, by whome he had issue two sonnes, William earle of Arques, and +Mauger archbishop of Rouen.</p> +<p> +Richard the fourth of that name, duke of Normandie, eldest sonne to Richard the third, +died without issue, and then his brother Robert succéeded in the estate, which Robert begat +vpon Arlete or Harleuina daughter to a burgesse of Felais, William surnamed the bastard, +afterward duke of Normandie, and by conquest king of England. Of whose father duke +Robert, & his paramour Arlete, take this pleasant remembrance for a refection after the +perusing of the former sad and sober discourses.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm. lib. 3. cap. 1</i>. <br /><i>Ranulph. lib. 6. cap. 19</i>.</span> +In the yéere of Christ 1030, Robert, the second sonne of Richard the second duke of Normandie, +and brother to Richard the third duke of that name there hauing with great honour +and wisedome gouerned his dukedome seuen yéeres, for performance of a penance that he +had set to himselfe, appointed a pilgrimage to Jerusalem; leauing behind him this William a +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm. lib. 3. cap. 1</i>. <br /><i>Ranulph. lib. 6. cap. 19</i>.</span> +yoong prince, whome seuen yéeres before he had begotten vpon his paramour Arlete (whom +after he held as his wife) with whose beautifull fauour, louelie grace and presence, at hir +dansing on a time then as he was tenderlie touched, for familiar vtterance of his mind what +he had further to say, would néeds that night she should be his bedfellow, who else as +wiuelesse should haue lien alone: where when she was bestowed, thinking that if she should +haue laid hir selfe naked, it might haue séemed not so maidenlie a part: so when the duke +was about (as the maner is) to haue lift vp hir linnen, she in an humble modestie staid hir +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ran. li. 6 ca. 19.</i></span> +lords hand, and rent downe hir smocke asunder, from the collar to the verie skirt. Heereat<a name="page765" id="page765"></a><span class="page">[Page 765]</span> +the duke all smiling did aske hir what thereby she ment? In great lowlines, with a feate +question she answerd againe; "My lord, were it méet that any part of my garments dependant +about me downeward, should presume to be mountant to my souereignes mouth vpward? +Let your grace pardon me." He liked hir answer: and so and so foorth for that time.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil. Malm.</i> <i>lib. 3 cap. 1.</i> <br /><i>Ran. ibid.</i></span> +This duke before his voiage, calling at Fiscam all his nobilitie vnto him, caused them to +sweare fealtie vnto his yoong sonne William, whome he then at his iournie betooke vnto the +gouernance of earle Gilbert, and the defense of the gouernour vnto Henrie the French king. +So Robert passing foorth in his pilgrimage, shewed in euerie place and in all points a magnanimitie +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ran. ibid.</i></span> +and honour of a right noble prince, and pleasant withall; who once in Iurie not well at +ease, in a litter was borne toward Ierusalem vpon Saracens shoulders, & méeting with a subiect +of his that was going home toward Normandie: Friend (quoth he) if my people at thy +returne aske after me, tell them that thou sawest their lord carried to heauen by diuels. The +<span class="rightnote"><i>Ran. ibid.</i> <br /><i>Wil. Mal. idem.</i> <br /><i>Ran. idem.</i></span> +Norman nobilitie during duke Roberts life, did their dutie to the yoong prince faithfullie, but +after they heard of his fathers death, they slackened apace, euerie one shifting for himselfe as +he list, without anie regard either of oth or obedience toward the pupill their souereigne. +Whereby not manie yéeres after, as Gilbert the gouernour, by Rafe the childes coosine germane, +was slaine; the dukedome anon, by murther and fighting among themselues was sore +troubled in all parts. Thus much a little of duke Robert the father, and of prince William his +sonne for part of his tender yéeres.</p> + + <hr /><br /><br /> + +<p> +<i>A notable aduertisement touching the summe of all the foresaid historie, wherin the foure +great and notable conquests of this land are brieflie touched, being a +conclusion introductorie, as is said in the argument.</i></p> +<p> +In the former part of this historie it is manifest to the heedful reader, that (after the opinion +<span class="rightnote">Britaine inhabited by Brute.</span> +of most writers) Brute did first inhabit this land; and called it then after his owne name, +Britaine, in the yéere after the creation of the world 2855, and in the yéere before the incarnation +of Christ 1108. ¶ Furthermore the said land of Britaine was conquered by C. Iulius +<span class="rightnote">1 Britaine conquered by the Romans.</span> +Cesar, and made tributarie to the Romans in the 50 yéere before the natiuitie of Christ, and +so continued 483 yéeres. So that the Britains reigned without tribute and vnder tribute, +from Brute, vntill the fourth yeere of the reigne of king Cadwalladar, which was in the yéere +of our Lord 686. And so the Britains had continuance of the gouernement of this land the +space of 1794 yéeres. Then was the realme of Britaine an heptarchie, that is, diuided into +seuen kingdoms. And Britaine receiued the faith of Christ in the 7 yéere of the reigne of +<span class="rightnote">2 Britaine conquered and ouercome by the Saxons.</span> +king Lucius, which was in the 187 yéere after the birth of Christ. ¶ Next after the Britains +entered the Saxons, in the third yéere of king Vortiger; and in the yéere of our Lord 450, +and they gouerned vntill the last yéere of king Athelstane, which was in the yéere of Christ +938. So that the time of the Saxons first entrance into this realme, and the time of their regiment +was the space of 487 yéeres. ¶ Howbeit, in the time of their gouernement, that is +to say, in the 9 yéere of king Britricus, which was in the yéere of our Lord 387, the Danes +<span class="rightnote">3 Britaine conquered and ouercome by the Danes.</span> +entred into this land, spoiling and persecuting the people therin most gréeuouslie. At the +last, Sweno or Swaine the Dane obteined possession roiall, in the yéere of Grace 1012, whose +time of regiment lasted about three yéeres. After whom his sonne Canutus succeeded, and +reigned 19 yéeres. After him Harold his sonne, who ruled thrée yeeres: and after him +Hardicnute the sonne of Canutus, whose gouernement continued but thrée yeeres. This Hardicnute +was the last king of the Danes, at which time the Danes were expelled and hunted out +of the realme, which was in the yéere of our Lord 1042. So that it may appeare by this collection, +that the Danes ruled as kings in this land by the space of 28 yéeres. Hereby also it is +euident, that from the time of the first entrance of the Danes into this realme, vntill their last +expulsion & riddance, was 255 yéeres. ¶ Finallie the Normans entred this land likewise,<a name="page766" id="page766"></a><span class="page">[Page 766]</span> +<span class="rightnote">4 Britaine conquered and possessed by the Normans.</span> +and conquered the same as before is expressed, in the yéere of our Lord 1067, which is +since, vntill this present yéere of our Lord 1585, drawing néere to the number of 600 and +od yéeres.</p> +<p> +Now let these alterations of regiments be remembred [touching the which read a notable +animaduersion in the description of Britaine, pag. 49, 50, 51] and teach vs that therein the iudgements +of God reuealed themselues to speciall purposes. And whatsoeuer hath béene mentioned +before, either concerning the subuersion of people, the desolation of prouinces, the +ouerthrow of nobles, the ruine of princes, and other lamentable accidents diuerslie happening +vpon sundrie occasions; let vs (I say) as manie as will reape fruit by the reading of +chronicles, imagine the matters which were so manie yéeres past to be present, and applie the +profit and commoditie of the same vnto our selues; knowing (as one wisely said) <i>Post sacram +paginam chronica vivum veritatis typum gerere,</i> that next vnto the holie scripture, chronicles +doo carie credit. But now to the sequele, and first to duke William of Normandie.</p> +<br /><br /><br /> +<p class="center"> +<i>Thus farre the historie of England from Noah and his sonnes, &c; to William duke of <br /> +Normandie. Hereafter followeth a chronologicall continuation beginning at the<br /> +first yeere of the said dukes reigne ouer this land, vntill the 25 yeere of the Queenes<br /> +most excellent maiestie Elizabeth, &c; whose daies God in mercie prolong<br /> +(like the daies of heauen) in peace and prosperitie, &c.</i></p> +<br /><br /><br /> + +<h3>END OF THE FIRST VOLUME.</h3> + + +<br /><br /> + + +<p>[Transcriber's note: [a] 'their' in original is probably meant to be +'there'. Chapter nine, first paragraph.]</p> + + + + + +<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> + + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles (1 of 6): The Historie of +England (8 of 8), by Raphael Holinshed + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORIE OF ENGLAND *** + +***** This file should be named 16669-h.htm or 16669-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/6/6/16669/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Lesley Halamek and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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