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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 1, No. 57, December 9, 1897, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 57, December 9, 1897
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+Release Date: July 3, 2005 [EBook #16192]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD
+AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.]
+
+    VOL. 1   DECEMBER 9, 1897.   NO. 57
+
+=Copyright, 1897, by THE GREAT ROUND WORLD Publishing Company.=
+
+Germany is furnishing us with some interesting news this week.
+
+She has successfully accomplished something which, to simple folks who
+are not diplomatists, seems like a plain, every-day case of robbery.
+
+Here is the story of it, and you can judge for yourselves.
+
+Some German missionaries have been killed in China, and Germany has
+seized a Chinese port in revenge.
+
+Missionaries are, as you know, holy and devoted men who go to far
+countries to spread the knowledge of the Gospel among heathen and
+unenlightened people.
+
+These good men have always suffered much for their faith. They go
+wherever their duty calls, and even carry their message of peace to the
+terrible cannibals who kill and eat men.
+
+In the early annals of our own country we have records of the terrible
+sufferings endured by these good men in their missionary work among the
+redskins.
+
+Missionaries count their perils and their privations as nothing if they
+can but do the work of God.
+
+Every government is particularly careful to do all that it can to
+protect its missionaries, and if ignorant savages do them harm, an
+attempt is always made to punish the wrongdoers, to teach them that
+these servants of God are well protected.
+
+The German Catholic Church some time ago established a mission in
+Shantung Province, China. Recently the sad news was received in Berlin
+that the mission at Yen Chu Fu had been attacked, and two missionaries
+killed.
+
+The shameful deed was at first attributed to pirates, but later it was
+found that it had been planned by the governor of the province in
+revenge for some old grievance.
+
+Following this outrage came news that the captain of a German gunboat
+had been attacked by a Chinese mob, which also insulted the German flag
+by throwing stones at it.
+
+The Government was extremely angry at this, and immediately demanded an
+explanation from China.
+
+The Chinese Government expressed its sorrow for the occurrence, and sent
+orders to the governor of Shantung to arrest and punish the offenders.
+
+Germany was informed of the action taken by the Chinese Government,
+which, it is said, used all possible diligence and haste to bring the
+offenders to justice; so much diligence, in fact, that on the 15th of
+the month the governor of Shantung telegraphed that he had arrested four
+of the culprits.
+
+Germany, however, went right ahead in her own way, without paying any
+heed to the efforts China was making to appease her; and to the intense
+surprise of the world, simultaneously with the news of the arrests came
+word that Germany had seized one of the Chinese harbors in the Yellow
+Sea.
+
+The Yellow Sea is on the east of China, and is formed by the peninsula
+of Korea. Shantung, where the missionaries were killed, is a province
+bordering on the Yellow Sea, and the fortified bay captured by the
+Germans is called Kiao Chou, and is an excellent harbor on the Shantung
+Coast, with the town of Kiao lying at its head.
+
+This harbor was guarded by three forts, which were manned by fifteen
+hundred Chinese soldiers.
+
+Without word or warning the German admiral entered the bay, steamed up
+opposite the forts, and ranged his ships in line of battle. He then sent
+word to the Chinese commander that the three forts must be vacated
+within three hours or he would bombard them.
+
+The Chinese commander made no answer, so the German admiral proceeded to
+land a force of men to take possession of the place.
+
+The Chinamen watched the proceedings without making any demonstration,
+and allowed the Germans to land six hundred soldiers and several guns
+without making an effort to prevent them.
+
+As soon, however, as the force began to march upon the forts, the
+Chinese became panic-stricken, and fled helter-skelter to the hills.
+
+The Germans marched into the forts in good order, and took possession of
+them without striking a blow. They then hauled down the Chinese flag and
+ran up their own in its place.
+
+It was found that the Chinese commander and his family had not fled with
+the rest of the garrison, and as these people promptly placed themselves
+under the protection of Germany, there was no trouble with them.
+
+The German soldiers proceeded to man the forts, and Germany is now in
+possession of them. It is believed that she means to keep them.
+
+China is justly indignant at this act on the part of Germany, and fully
+realizes that she has good cause to declare war; but she is so weak in
+military and naval force that she is not able to resent the outrage, and
+the robbers are likely to be able to hold their prize.
+
+Europe is astonished that Germany should have committed such a daring
+act. It has been understood by all the European nations that when
+savages misbehave, the only way to teach them manners is to step in and
+seize their lands; but China is not a savage country, and the Chinese
+cannot be treated like ignorant barbarians. Every one is wondering what
+the outcome will be.
+
+Germany evidently expects war, and is preparing for it. She has
+withdrawn her troops from Crete, and has sent them to the East, it is
+supposed to Kiao Chou.
+
+You remember, of course, that when the Powers occupied Crete, each
+nation in the combination landed a certain number of soldiers on the
+island to help preserve peace.
+
+Some of these soldiers have been at Crete ever since, and some have been
+withdrawn. England called hers away some time since, and now Germany,
+having use for her soldiers in China, has ordered hers to other duty.
+
+It is said that the Emperor William has long desired to own a port in
+China, and that he has used the murder of the missionaries as a pretext
+to help him gain his ends.
+
+We told you last week of his desire to increase the German navy. To
+accomplish this, it will be necessary for him to do as other nations do,
+that is, have ports all over the world where he can coal and repair his
+ships. He has therefore looked with longing eyes on Kiao Chou.
+
+This harbor is one of the best along the coast; so good, indeed, is it,
+that Russia has been making offers to buy it. It has a great advantage
+in being far away from the British and Russian ports, thereby
+diminishing the chances of interference.
+
+The Chinese have protested against Germany's unlawful act, and asked her
+when she proposes to withdraw her troops, as they have secured the
+offenders, and removed all cause of offence. Germany has made no reply,
+so China fears she means to keep the harbor she has taken.
+
+Many people believe that some such act has long been contemplated by the
+Emperor.
+
+China has, however, appealed to Russia for help, and as France and
+England are equally interested in the matter, serious trouble may ensue.
+
+Russia has more than doubled her fleet in the Yellow Sea, and has now
+thirty-eight vessels in the neighborhood. England, France, and America
+have also sent ships thither.
+
+From the news as we know it, it seems as if Germany had committed a
+very shameful act; but when we hear both sides of the question, we may
+find that she has only done the right thing for the preservation of her
+national honor.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Sultan of Turkey has been getting into trouble again. Both Russia
+and Austria have been making things unpleasant for him.
+
+Since his successes in the war he has begun to think himself a very
+important sovereign, and both Russia and Austria decided that if he were
+not checked he might become a very dangerous neighbor, so they met in
+consultation, and laid their plans for checking his ambition.
+
+They first incited Bulgaria to rebel.
+
+Bulgaria is a small principality on the north of Turkey, which is under
+the sovereignty of Turkey. Bulgaria enjoys home rule, and is governed by
+a prince elected by the people; the prince must not, however, be a
+member of any of the reigning families of Europe. Bulgaria is, however,
+a tributary state, and has to contribute toward the support of Turkey.
+
+Instigated by Austria and Russia, Bulgaria demanded several small favors
+from the Sultan, insolently adding that if they were not granted she
+would declare her independence and throw off the yoke of Turkey.
+
+Now until the peace with Greece is absolutely signed and sealed, the
+Sultan of Turkey cannot afford to quarrel with anybody, so he was
+obliged to give in, and grant Bulgaria's demands; but her independence
+made him feel somewhat uneasy and so he sent a number of soldiers to
+the Bulgarian frontier, to make sure that the Bulgarians behaved.
+
+This was exactly what Austria and Russia desired. With her troops
+scattered, and uneasy nations on her borders, Turkey is much less
+dangerous.
+
+The Bulgarian matter had hardly been settled when Austria discovered a
+new means of checking Turkey.
+
+The Turkish officials in Asia Minor ill-treated an Austrian subject. He
+was the agent of the Austrian Lloyd's Steamship Company at Mersina, and
+had been summarily expelled from the city by order of the officials.
+
+The Austrian consul at once interfered, and was grossly insulted by the
+Mutessarif, who is a sort of mayor, and also by the Vali, or governor,
+of Adana, in which province Mersina is situated. Adana is one of the
+Turkish provinces on the Mediterranean Sea, and Mersina is one of its
+chief seaport towns.
+
+The incident being exactly what Austria had been wishing for, a great
+deal was made of it. The Austrian ambassador at Constantinople sent word
+that his flag had been insulted, and demanded that Turkey should
+formally salute the Austrian flag, that both of the offending officials
+must be immediately dismissed, and the agent given money damages.
+
+The ambassador informed the Sultan that, in case of refusal, he should
+leave Constantinople, and sever all diplomatic relations with Turkey,
+and that warships should proceed to Mersina and bombard it.
+
+The Sultan did not like to be treated in this way, and took time to
+decide what he should do.
+
+The ambassador sent a second letter, when he had waited as long as he
+thought right for an answer to his first, with the added demand that
+Turkey should also pay the claims of the Oriental Railroad Company, and
+that the matter should be decided inside of eight days.
+
+The claim of this railroad company was for carrying troops during the
+war, and the bill for this service had not been paid.
+
+Now the Oriental Railroad Company is not owned by Austria, but by
+Austrian citizens, and it was an unheard-of thing for a government to
+seek to collect the private debts of her citizens at the cannon's mouth.
+Europe has, however, been doing remarkable things to Turkey for many
+years past.
+
+The Sultan dared not refuse Austria, any more than Bulgaria, until the
+peace with Greece was signed, and so was forced to agree to all of
+Austria's demands.
+
+In six days he had made up his mind, and a polite message was sent by
+the Porte (the Turkish Government) to Austria, that the ill-treatment of
+the Austrian citizen was a matter of deep regret, and that the Porte
+would pay the required money damages, would discharge the offending
+officials, and send warships to salute the Austrian flag; and last, but
+not least, the Porte would pay the railroad company's bill, which
+amounted to the nice little sum of $1,250,000.
+
+The letter concluded by stating that the Sultan desired the good will of
+the Emperor of Austria, and hoped that nothing might intervene to
+endanger it.
+
+By this little action Austria and Russia succeeded in weakening Turkey
+still more through her treasury; but even then they were not satisfied.
+
+Russia had found out that the Sultan intended to spend part of the
+indemnity Turkey was to obtain from Greece in strengthening his navy; in
+fact, with Germany's help he meant to have the finest navy in the world.
+
+This did not suit Russia at all. It became known that Germany had
+arranged to supply Turkey with a perfectly equipped navy--guns,
+equipment, and all complete--for one-quarter of the money coming from
+Greece.
+
+Turkey has been bankrupt for many years, and owes money to most of the
+nations of Europe, so when Russia learned of this dangerous activity on
+her part, she took advantage of the old debts to prevent it.
+
+She sent word that if Turkey was in a position to buy a navy, she must
+be also in a position to pay her debts, and therefore Russia would like
+to have the old account of 1878 settled.
+
+This is a war debt which Turkey owes Russia because of the last war
+between them.
+
+This debt is an extremely heavy one, and the Porte, becoming frightened
+lest Russia should insist on its payment, hastened to inform the Czar
+that nothing definite had been arranged about the navy.
+
+Russia replied that the moment Turkey shall attempt to build up her navy
+or increase her war supplies, she will insist on the payment of this
+debt.
+
+After a few days of reflection, the Porte informed the Russian
+ambassador that Turkey had decided not to make any changes in her navy
+for the present.
+
+Between them, Austria and Russia have succeeded in crushing the Sultan's
+ambition for the present.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+These are, however, not all of Abdul Hamid's troubles.
+
+Crete, which he had begun to regard as his rightful property, has once
+more become a thorn in his side.
+
+Confident of his power, he has been assuming a haughty tone with the
+Greek ambassador sent to settle the treaty, and insisted that he accept
+the terms as they were without venturing on any changes. He has also
+kept his soldiers in Crete, and sent a Turk as governor of the island
+despite the protests of the Powers.
+
+He has, in fact, been doing pretty much as he pleased, believing that
+Europe was afraid of him, and that he was master of the situation.
+
+Now the Powers have combined to teach him the difference. They have
+joined together, and in round terms bidden him obey them or take the
+consequences.
+
+You remember that home rule was promised to Crete, and that (after the
+peace negotiations were signed) the Sultan announced that he would see
+about the reforms later.
+
+The Powers have now sent word to him that home rule must be granted to
+the island at once, the Turkish troops instantly withdrawn, and a
+Christian governor appointed.
+
+Word has been sent to Turkey that if she oppose the Powers they will
+blockade Constantinople.
+
+With all these different complications to harass him, Abdul Hamid cannot
+be a very happy man.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is generally understood by those who make a study of such matters,
+that the arrival of Weyler in Spain will be followed by serious trouble
+for the Government.
+
+It is well known that he is opposed to Sagasta's rule, and so the
+Carlists, who would like to see Don Carlos on the throne, the
+Republicans, who would like to abolish the throne altogether, and
+several other lesser parties are approaching Weyler in the hope of
+attaching him to their cause.
+
+He has arrived in Barcelona, where he will remain for a few days, and
+will then go on to Majorca, his birthplace.
+
+Barcelona is known to be the headquarters of the Carlist revolution, and
+though Weyler has implied that he belongs to neither Carlist nor
+Republican party, his sojourn in Barcelona will give him ample time to
+see how the land lies, and find out what profit there may be for him if
+he joins the Carlists.
+
+It is reported that he desires to form a party of his own, which shall
+oppose home rule in Cuba, and uphold the kind of warfare that he waged
+as the only means of saving the colony for Spain.
+
+This is a clever idea of his, for he is likely to find many adherents
+among the merchants, who are dissatisfied with Sagasta's plan for home
+rule, and for giving the Cuban legislature the right to fix the tariff
+on all goods sent into Cuba.
+
+The merchants want the tariff arranged by Spain as it always has been,
+and they want it so fixed that Cubans will be obliged to buy their
+goods in Spain.
+
+One of Cuba's greatest causes of complaint was the high tariff which
+Spain imposed on all goods entering Cuba except those of Spanish
+manufacture. This tariff made it impossible for Cubans to buy their
+goods in any of the European markets, and compelled them to take the
+class and quality of goods which Spain chose to send them, and to pay
+whatever price Spain demanded for them.
+
+Perhaps you will find this a little hard to understand, so we will try
+to make it a little clearer to you.
+
+All countries are anxious to find markets for the goods they produce. It
+is for this reason that we have passed our present tariff bill.
+
+The United States wishes to make a market for the goods manufactured
+here, and so she has laid a heavy tariff or duty on all goods brought
+into this country that are similar to those that we make here. A certain
+fixed number of cents has to be paid for every pound, gallon, or yard of
+such goods before they can be brought into the country.
+
+The importers cannot, of course, afford to lose this money, and so they
+have to add it to the price of the goods, which thus become more
+expensive than the same class of articles manufactured here. It is
+therefore to the housekeeper's advantage to buy home-made goods in
+preference to foreign, and thus a market is made for the home products.
+
+Spain considers her colonies her rightful market, and therefore has
+placed a high duty on foreign goods. The Cuban housewives therefore
+found it to their advantage to buy Spanish goods. Cuba is of course too
+small an island to manufacture many things for herself.
+
+This seemed fair enough, but unfortunately, the Spanish goods thus
+forced on the Cubans were not satisfactory to them, and were, moreover,
+sold at prices much too high for their value. The Cubans found that were
+they allowed to go to the world's markets for their supplies, they could
+live for half what it cost them under Spanish rule, and rebelled against
+the power that was treating them so unfairly.
+
+The question of tariff is said to be the most serious stumbling-block in
+the way of home rule for Cuba. It has been said by both Spanish and
+Cuban diplomats that, if it is enforced, the Spanish merchants will rise
+in rebellion against the Government.
+
+The Spanish ministers are, however, determined to carry home rule
+through. The plan is now completed, and has been approved by the
+ministers, received the Queen's signature, and become a law.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The reassembling of Congress and the President's Message are drawing
+near again.
+
+People are speculating as to the course the President will recommend in
+regard to Cuba and Hawaii.
+
+It is thought that he will suggest patience toward Spain until the
+promised reforms have had time to be put in effect, and that if these
+reforms seem wise and just we shall not uphold the island in her
+rebellion.
+
+As to Hawaii, it seems a foregone conclusion that annexation will be
+recommended, and will be an accomplished fact in a short space of time.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _Competitor_ prisoners have just landed in this country. The stories
+they tell of the hardships they endured and the cruelties practised on
+them are heartrending.
+
+They declare that they were condemned to death without a hearing, and
+were forced to choose a Spaniard to defend them at the mockery of a
+trial which they were given.
+
+This man laughed when they told him they were not guilty, and never
+opened his lips to plead for them, or to ask that they be allowed to
+make their own statements.
+
+When they had been adjudged guilty he offered a half-hearted plea for
+mercy.
+
+They were so shockingly treated and so badly fed while in jail that they
+have come back mere shadows of their former selves, and weak, lame, and
+maimed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The result of the Cuban election has at last been made known, but we
+find that the new president is not Capote after all, but Bartolome Maso.
+
+The election should have taken place on the 2d of September, but owing
+to the absence of several delegates it did not occur until early in
+November.
+
+Senor Mendez Capote presided over the meetings, and it was probably this
+which made people think that he had been elected president.
+
+The election was very orderly. Maso was elected president by a large
+majority, and Capote vice-president. Maximo Gomez was made
+commander-in-chief of the Cuban forces.
+
+The fact that the election had been accomplished in such a peaceful
+manner is considered a proof of the great strength of the revolution,
+and has made a good impression on the world generally.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Those dreadful Austrian deputies are still quarrelling!
+
+The Reichsrath reassembled a few days ago, and continued to indulge in a
+mild form of misbehavior, which suddenly developed into the most
+shocking riot that has as yet occurred.
+
+The old language question came up.
+
+A number of petitions had been presented to the Parliament against the
+decree making it necessary for officials in Bohemia to understand both
+the German and Czech languages.
+
+It was proposed, as these petitions were nearly all alike, that one
+would be chosen from them and read to the House, and the others merely
+accepted as reiterations of the same sentiments.
+
+This project raised a most fearful outcry from the opposition, and was
+the signal for such a scene of violence that the very visitors in the
+galleries leaned over the railings and called shame on the deputies.
+
+The President suspended the sitting, and then had to fly for his life,
+for the deputies, angry that he should attempt to control them, made a
+rush for his desk, calling him all the unpleasant names they could think
+of.
+
+The Bohemian deputy, Dr. Wolff, at once assumed the lead. He was the
+first to reach the tribune or raised platform on which the President
+sits, and seizing the bell which was placed on the table, he swung it
+to and fro, shouting and screaming to make himself heard.
+
+Then another deputy, deciding that he would like to have the bell, fell
+upon Dr. Wolff, and a free fight began.
+
+The deputies struck one another, tore one another's clothes, and at last
+got out their pocket-knives and began to use them as daggers.
+
+Some of the spectators rushed out for the police, and a few of the
+members went in pursuit of the President, insisting that he should
+return and quell the disturbance.
+
+After much trouble he succeeded in restoring order, just as the police
+appeared on the scene.
+
+Dr. Wolff defied everybody and everything, and announced his intention
+of coming to the next session with revolvers in his pockets.
+
+A Cabinet council was called in the evening, and the idea of dissolving
+the Parliament was openly discussed.
+
+Even this did not frighten the crazy ruffians who form the Austrian
+Parliament.
+
+At the next session, doors had been erected and passages blocked, so
+that the President could not be attacked on the tribune, and an attempt
+made to get on with business.
+
+The Government had been busy in the interval, and had prepared a motion
+that all persons guilty of disorderly conduct in the Reichsrath should
+be suspended for a certain number of days, and deprived of their pay for
+that time.
+
+The President read the motion, amid the howls of Wolff and his party.
+It is said that the whole affair must have been arranged beforehand, for
+not a word of the motion could be heard in the house. But all the same,
+as the President ceased to speak, the supporters of the Government rose
+as one man, and accepted the resolution.
+
+You hardly need to be told what followed.
+
+The ridiculous Dr. Wolff had been standing in front of the tribune with
+a cab-whistle at his lips, on which he blew incessantly during the
+reading of the resolution. When it was read and passed despite him, his
+rage knew no bounds; he started to clamber over the obstructions, and
+made for the President, followed by several other equally infuriated
+members.
+
+The President did not wait for them to reach him, but, seizing his bell,
+fled in hot haste.
+
+Count Badeni, who had been present, was also forced to flee, as the mob
+of angry men sought to do him injury.
+
+After an interval the President returned and adjourned the meeting, and
+immediately on his withdrawal carpenters entered the hall and began to
+build a high and strong fence around the unfortunate man's tribune.
+
+Despite the rioting, the Government feels that it has at last got the
+best of the unruly members. From now on they can be fined and suspended
+and excluded from the Reichsrath until the sentence has expired.
+
+It is to be hoped that the idiotic Dr. Wolff will be given a recess of
+several weeks. He seems to need rest from his Parliamentary duties.
+
+The unruly party, which is opposed to the Government, is infuriated at
+the passing of the resolution.
+
+They declare that it was a violation of their constitutional rights, and
+a meeting was held to decide what they should do about it. Nothing was,
+however, decided upon.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A terrible fire has occurred in London during the past week.
+
+It is the worst fire that has visited the city since the Great Fire in
+1666, when the whole heart of the city was burned.
+
+This fire, though it consumed 13,000 houses and laid waste 400 streets,
+compelling 200,000 persons to camp out in the country, has always been
+regarded as one of the greatest blessings London ever knew.
+
+London had been visited by a terrible plague, and the city was built
+with such cramped and narrow streets, the upper stories of the houses
+projecting and nearly touching one another, that the infection was borne
+from house to house, and it did not seem possible to stamp out the
+disease, because there was no means of properly airing and purifying the
+city.
+
+The horrible disease would seem to have passed away, when suddenly there
+would be a fresh outbreak, carrying off hundreds of victims, and
+bringing terror into every heart again.
+
+Then the great fire broke out. For four days it raged and consumed
+everything in its path, but at the same time it so thoroughly purified
+the city that the plague was stamped out for good and all.
+
+The present fire occurred in the most crowded part of the city, in the
+heart of the business quarter.
+
+London is not laid out like an American city, in blocks and squares,
+with broad straight avenues running for miles, crossed at regular
+intervals with wide and open streets.
+
+It is, in the older part, a network of narrow roadways, with courts and
+alleys lying back of them. The streets turn and bend and twist and go in
+every direction, and leading out of them are other little winding
+streets. These side turnings are delightful for those who know London
+well, because you can turn down here and up there, and cut off corners
+this way and save miles that way, by threading through these strange
+byways that lead in and out of the highways.
+
+In case of fire, these time-saving lanes and alleys are most dangerous
+to the welfare of the city, for they are very narrow, with houses on
+either side, and flames can easily reach from one side of the street to
+the other.
+
+This is precisely what happened at the recent fire. It sprang from side
+to side of these narrow ways, until much of the business portion of
+London was in flames.
+
+There has been a good deal of talk about this fire, because the first
+engine did not reach the scene of the disaster until fifteen minutes
+after the call had been sent, and it has been said that the English
+firemen are not nearly so expert as the American.
+
+It seems hardly fair to criticise the English firemen without knowing
+the difficulties they had to contend with. Some of the streets through
+which they had to drive are hardly wide enough for two vehicles to
+pass, and the fire occurring at midday, all these ways were blocked with
+carts.
+
+The English firemen cannot drive as rapidly and recklessly as our
+firemen do on our wide avenues, for any attempt at such driving would
+mean certain destruction to engine and apparatus.
+
+The English alarm system does not appear to be so perfect as ours, but
+otherwise the same engines are used, and the department is finely
+organized. The arrangement of the city is all that prevents them from
+doing the quick and effective work that we can accomplish.
+
+When a fire breaks out here, it is the duty of the person discovering it
+to run to the nearest fire-alarm box, and, opening the box, pull down
+the hook he will see inside. This causes a signal-number to appear on
+the key-board in front of the operator at headquarters.
+
+The number tells him the district in which the fire has occurred, and
+with one touch of a telegraphic key he sends out an alarm to the
+thirty-odd engine-houses in the neighborhood of the fire.
+
+The pressure on the key at headquarters releases the horses in the
+stalls of the various engine-houses. Instantly these clever beasts dash
+out of their boxes and place themselves at the shafts, the collar clasps
+around their necks and harnesses them to the engine; the men slide down
+the poles to their places, the gates swing open, and the engine is out
+and dashing along the road in less time than it takes to tell about it.
+
+By the use of regularly appointed signals, the first fireman who arrives
+at the fire can inform headquarters just how serious the fire is, and
+whether more engines should be sent.
+
+On one occasion a great fire broke out in the busy part of New York
+city. It was a serious fire; and according to the records at
+headquarters, in less than four minutes the first batch of engines had
+arrived and three extra calls had been sent out, which were speeding
+half the engines in the city to the scene of the fire.
+
+It will interest you to know that the fire department of the city of New
+York has reached such a degree of excellence that the risk of serious
+damage and loss by fire has been greatly reduced, and, in consequence,
+the insurance companies have lowered the rate of insurance; that is to
+say, they do not charge people as much money to insure their property
+this year as they did last year and have done for many years past.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The anxiety about Professor Andree has increased. The steamer which left
+Tromso, Norway, in search of the explorer has returned, and reports that
+no traces of him could be found. Search parties were sent out in every
+direction, but nothing could be discovered.
+
+The vessel sailed on November 5th and returned on the 21st, and her crew
+declare that a most vigilant search was made.
+
+The vessel was sent in consequence of the report brought in by the
+wrecked whalers that they had heard cries for help.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A strange freak of nature is reported from Kansas.
+
+The railroad station of Rozel, eighteen miles from Larned, has been
+swallowed up.
+
+When the people in the neighborhood went to bed at night, the station
+was in its usual place; in the morning the station, two or three small
+elevators, and a few other small buildings had disappeared.
+
+Investigation proved that they had been swallowed up, and had
+disappeared in a chasm.
+
+The depth of this rent in the earth cannot be determined. The hole is
+said to be about an acre in extent, of oblong shape, with walls reaching
+straight down for seventy feet, at which depth the hole is filled with
+dark, stagnant water, into which anything that is thrown immediately
+sinks.
+
+No lives were lost, as no one remains at the station over night.
+
+The interest of the surrounding country is intense, and many theories
+are advanced as to the cause of the catastrophe.
+
+Some think that the station dropped into an immense cave, and others
+that it was caused by the underflow of the Arkansas River, which is
+overflowing its banks at the present time. Others think that this
+section of Kansas is over an immense underground river or sea.
+
+A similar accident occurred in Meade County, Kansas, ten years ago. A
+section of land crossed by a public road disappeared in a single night,
+leaving a chasm which is a notable landmark to-day.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The plans for the Bronx Park Zooelogical Gardens in New York city have
+been perfected, and are now before the Park Board for acceptance.
+
+From all accounts, the new Zoo will be one of the finest animal gardens
+in the world.
+
+It will cover two hundred and sixty-one acres of land, and is to combine
+picturesque scenery for the pleasure of the visitor, with roomy quarters
+and as nearly natural conditions as possible for the animals.
+
+The buffaloes are to have a huge field appropriated to their use, where
+they can roam at will. The visitors who wish to see them must climb a
+wooded hill, from which they can view the beasts without disturbing
+them.
+
+The lions and tigers are to have open cages, where they can romp and
+play.
+
+It is proposed to paint the walls that divide these cages one from
+another with African landscapes, so that the captives may feel as much
+at home as possible.
+
+The monkeys in the new Zoo are to be accommodated with a little
+artificial forest, where they can roam freely. The birds are to have a
+huge tree-grown aviary, with bathing-ponds and every desired luxury.
+
+The gardens being so large, and the extent of the domain of each class
+of animals so spacious, it has been found necessary to arrange a means
+for the visitors to see all the beauties of the Zoo without undue
+fatigue.
+
+It has therefore been decided to use electric motor-carriages throughout
+the park. Two fine roadways are to be constructed, which are to meander
+through the gardens, taking in all the buildings, ranges, animal
+enclosures, and lakes and ponds.
+
+One roadway is for vehicles going in one direction, and the other for
+carriages going in the opposite way. By this means the visitors will be
+able to see everything in the gardens without getting tired.
+
+This must be a lesson taught by the World's Fair in Chicago. There you
+had no choice between walking until you almost dropped from fatigue, or
+being wheeled about (at ruinous expense) in an invalid-chair by a
+stripling youth who would pant and perspire until stout and healthy
+passengers felt in duty bound to get out and walk to save their
+charioteer's further exertion.
+
+                                                  G.H. ROSENFELD.
+
+
+
+
+INVENTION AND DISCOVERY.
+
+
+CURRYCOMB AND BRUSH COMBINED.--This is such a fine article for the
+comfort of our animal friends that we cannot refrain from telling our
+young readers about it.
+
+[Illustration: Currycomb]
+
+Many of you may have curried a horse, or stood by during the process,
+and watched him shrug and twitch with pleasure as the little iron teeth
+scratched his skin, and have seen his coat grow glossy and satiny as the
+brush was applied as soon as the currying was over.
+
+Now this operation is most delightful to a horse; it is to him what
+taking a bath is to us; and properly done it makes him feel fresh and
+vigorous and quite happy to do his master's work.
+
+If it is not well done he feels restless and dirty, and the pores of his
+skin become clogged, and the good horse gets sick.
+
+Currying a horse is quite hard work, and lazy grooms do not like to do
+it, and so they have invented a means of shirking the brushing which is
+very unkind to the horse.
+
+Every owner wishes to see his animals with glossy, shining coats, and so
+bad grooms, to save the trouble of currying and brushing, will rub the
+horse over with a cloth, dipped in kerosene. The coat will shine
+beautifully, but the poor horse is made most uncomfortable.
+
+The currycomb and brush prevents this wicked practice, by making the
+cleaning of the horse so easy that it is not worth the laziest man's
+while to oil the horse instead of currying him.
+
+As you will see by the illustration, the currycomb has a dandruff brush
+attached to its outer edge. As the comb is withdrawn the brush passes
+over the skin that has been curried, brushes it clean of dandruff, and
+makes it smooth and glossy. After one _good_ currying with this device
+the nag is ready for harness, his coat sleek, shiny, and, above all,
+clean.
+
+You young people who are the happy owners of horses, must always make
+sure that the gloss on your favorite's coat is the result of health and
+cleanliness, and not kerosene.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CAR-STEP.--This excellent device is the invention of a young lady of
+Pittsfield, Illinois.
+
+Every one who has travelled in Pullman cars knows the discomfort of that
+last step before you reach the ground. It is true that the porter is
+always waiting with a little wooden stool on which you step from the
+high car-step above, but for old people or lame people or nervous people
+there is always the dread that they may miss the little stool, and be
+tumbled over on the platform.
+
+This invention is to prevent any such difficulty.
+
+The steps of the Pullman cars can only be a certain length, and must not
+jut out beyond the sides of the car, otherwise they would be liable to
+be torn off when the oar passes through tunnels or narrow places. It is
+therefore impossible to have them built any longer than they are at
+present. The new invention, however, adds a step without going beyond
+the proper limit.
+
+[Illustration: Car-step]
+
+It is done in this way: The step is made of iron, and is joined to the
+regular wooden steps by strong rods. When the train is in motion the
+extra step folds under the car-step. When the train stops the porter
+touches a lever, and down comes the extra step, making the descent from
+the car as easy as walking downstairs.
+
+It is a fine invention, and we hope soon to see it used on all Pullman
+cars.
+
+                                                          G.H.R.
+
+
+
+
+BOOK REVIEWS.
+
+
+There has just been published a collection of sketches and essays by
+Charles Dickens which have hitherto been uncollected and none of which
+has been reprinted in the United States. This cannot fail to be an
+extremely interesting book to the great army of admirers of Dickens. His
+books always bear the unmistakable imprint of the master, novelist's
+mind--in his fun, satire, and humor going hand in hand, as well as in
+his sincerity and interest in the poor. Everything that Dickens wrote
+has upon it the mark of genius, and this book will come as a delight to
+many.
+
+("Old Lamps for New Ones, and Other Sketches and Essays," by Charles
+Dickens. The New Amsterdam Book Company: 350 pages, cloth, $1.25.)
+
+
+
+
+PRIZE CONTEST
+
+
+Owing to the improper character of many of the prize contests which have
+recently been offered by many papers and to the criticisms which have
+been called forth by them, we have decided that it is best to withdraw
+the contest begun in No. 55. We know that these contests are of great
+interest to our readers, and hope that we shall be able to renew them in
+the near future without subjecting ourselves to the risk of criticism
+which so properly attaches to any of the prize contests being published.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 57, December 9, 1897, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND ***
+
+***** This file should be named 16192.txt or 16192.zip *****
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