diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | .gitattributes | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 16179-8.txt | 1277 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 16179-8.zip | bin | 0 -> 23021 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 16179-h.zip | bin | 0 -> 200855 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 16179-h/16179-h.htm | 1372 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 16179-h/images/14.png | bin | 0 -> 60286 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 16179-h/images/24.png | bin | 0 -> 21294 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 16179-h/images/29-tb.png | bin | 0 -> 13866 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 16179-h/images/29.png | bin | 0 -> 11355 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 16179-h/images/30-tb.png | bin | 0 -> 7920 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 16179-h/images/30.png | bin | 0 -> 26849 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 16179-h/images/8.png | bin | 0 -> 18983 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 16179-h/images/title.png | bin | 0 -> 14895 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 16179.txt | 1277 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 16179.zip | bin | 0 -> 23000 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | LICENSE.txt | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | README.md | 2 |
17 files changed, 3942 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/16179-8.txt b/16179-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d40d624 --- /dev/null +++ b/16179-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1277 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On +In It, Vol. 1, No. 55, November 25, 1897, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 55, November 25, 1897 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop + +Release Date: July 2, 2005 [EBook #16179] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + + + + + + + + + +[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND +WORLD +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.] + + VOL. 1 NOVEMBER 25, 1897. NO. 55 + +=Copyright, 1897, by THE GREAT ROUND WORLD Publishing Company.= + + * * * * * + +This has been an exciting week for Cuban matters. + +We told you that we might expect to hear more from Mr. Taylor's article +on Cuba in _The North American Review_. + +We were quite right in our supposition. + +The Madrid papers took the matter up indignantly, and it has been the +main point of interest during the last few days. + +If you remember, we told you that Mr. Taylor said, in his article, that +Spain did not seem able to settle the difficult Cuban question, and that +in his opinion it was clearly our duty to interfere. + +One of the Spanish Senators, Señor Salvani, wrote an angry letter to the +Madrid papers, in which he said that when Mr. Taylor was minister to +Spain he appeared most anxious to preserve the friendliest relations +between the two countries, and that he repeatedly declared that there +was no fear that the United States would interfere with Cuba. + +On seeing this letter, Mr. Taylor wrote one on his own account to the +American papers. + +In it he said that his experience had been that the Spanish authorities +were unreliable, and according to his way of thinking the only way to +put an end to the war, which was costing this country so much from +destruction to commerce, was for the Government to take a firm stand +with Spain, and insist that if the war wasn't ended by a certain fixed +date we would end it for her. + +To prove the truth of his assertion that Spain was unreliable, he stated +that during the term of his official service in Madrid he had become +convinced that Cuba would never yield, but would fight till her last +drop of blood had been spilled. + +Thinking it a great pity to allow such a valuable property as Cuba to be +allowed to go to ruin, he decided to make an effort to bring the war to +a close. + +He was acquainted with Señor Castelar, who was a close friend of +Canovas, the late Premier. Señor Castelar was President of Spain when it +was a republic, before the young King's father was put on the throne by +the aid of Canovas. At an informal dinner-party at Señor Castelar's, Mr. +Taylor begged the Señor to talk to Canovas, and convince him that the +war in Cuba was only a cruel waste of life and useless waste of money, +as the Cubans would not submit. He asked Señor Castelar to suggest to +Canovas that an attempt to pacify the island should be made by offering +them liberal Home Rule. + +Señor Castelar agreed with Mr. Taylor, and promised to speak to Canovas. + +A few days later he sent word to Mr. Taylor that he had brought Canovas +around to his way of thinking, and that Cuba was to be given Home Rule. + +Mr. Taylor was very happy over the result of his efforts, and shortly +after an offer of Home Rule was made to the Cubans. + +It proved, however, to be Home Rule only in name. Spain was to keep +control of the army, the navy, and the courts; the only privilege given +to the Cubans was to be that of paying taxes to support the Government. + +This offer was not acceptable to Cuba, and nothing further came of it. + +When Mr. Taylor found that this was all the Home Rule Spain meant to +offer the Cubans, he became discouraged, and concluded that Spain did +not mean to do anything for Cuba, and that the offer was not sincerely +made, but merely to gain time in the hope that the Cubans would run +short of ammunition and be obliged to surrender. + +Mr. Taylor has been severely criticised for making these statements. + +The Government in Washington feared that serious trouble might result +therefrom. What Mr. Taylor knew of the matter was learned while he was +acting as an officer of the Government, and it has been thought that he +should not have made his knowledge public. + +The most alarming rumors grew out of the disclosures. People feared that +war would be the result, and for a few hours there was a war scare. +Prices of stocks fell, and one enterprising paper got out a "special," +stating that war had been declared, because Spain had claimed the right +to search American vessels on the high seas for arms, or what is called +contraband of war. + +The spread of the alarm was increased by a report that the Chamber of +Commerce had once again issued a warning to the Government that the +harbor defences of New York city were not strong enough, and had asked +that they be strengthened. + +Twice before in the history of our country that body has warned +Congress: once before the outbreak of the Revolution, and again just +before the Civil War. + +As the members of the Chamber of Commerce had been right on both of the +previous occasions, the people looked on them as prophets, and a war +scare spread over the country, which caused the greatest uneasiness. + +The feelings of the people were, however, calmed by an announcement from +Washington that there was not the slightest cause for alarm. The +governments in Washington and Madrid understood each other perfectly, +and President McKinley intended to allow the promised reforms time to +take effect before he even considered the idea of interference. In the +announcement it was added that the warning from the Chamber of Commerce +would be taken into consideration, but that there was in it nothing to +throw the country into a panic. + +The sudden fall in stocks was declared to be a trick on the part of some +Wall Street speculators, and to mean nothing more serious than that a +few sharp men had made money out of a good many foolish ones. + +In regard to the threatened searching of American vessels--an action +which would certainly oblige us to declare war on Spain--it was stated +by those in authority that Spain does not contemplate any such course. + +American vessels have a perfect right to carry arms to Cuba and fulfil +any orders they may receive for such goods, as long as Spain persists in +saying that war does not exist in the island. It is only when men +accompany the arms that Spain has a right to protest; otherwise it is a +mere carrying of merchandise from one port to another. + +It is felt that while Spain has cause for anger against the American +sympathisers who have sent over so many filibusters, she has none +against the United States Government, which has done everything in its +power to prevent the despatching of these unlawful expeditions. + + * * * * * + +Before he left Havana Weyler made a speech in which he is reported to +have made remarks which have annoyed the Spanish Government. This +appears to have created trouble for him. + +The Spanish ministers have talked the matter over, and decided to demand +an explanation from the ex-Captain-General. + +The commanders of each of the ports in the Spanish kingdom have been +instructed to ask the General what these remarks were the moment he sets +his foot on Spanish soil, wherever that may be. If his statement agrees +with the reports of his speech, he will immediately be arrested and +tried by court-martial. + +The particular remark reported which so offended the Government was in +reference to his being certain that no other minister would keep him in +office after the death of Canovas. + +General Blanco is endeavoring to establish his government in Havana. + +He is not having an easy time of it, however. The Spanish ministers were +led to believe that there were a great number of Cubans who were +desirous of seeing Home Rule established, and who would come to the +assistance of Spain if she attempted to do this. + +One of the proposed changes was that certain of the offices should be +filled by Cubans. From the accounts given. General Blanco expected to +find no difficulty in getting the Cubans to serve under him. + +To his dismay he has found that the reported strong Home Rule party does +not exist, and that the Cubans decline the honors offered them. He had +to threaten one man with banishment from Cuba before he could persuade +him to take any part in the establishment of the reforms. + + * * * * * + +The war is being actively pursued all over the island. General Garcia +has, it is said, captured Holguin and Mayari in Santiago de Cuba. + +At Pinar del Rio City the insurgents defeated the Spanish troops and +took from them some guns and a large store of ammunition. + +It is said that a million dollars, sent over to pay the Spanish army, +has mysteriously disappeared from Havana's treasury, and the soldiers +are extremely indignant over it. + +The desperate want of money among the troops is leading to some very +reprehensible acts, if we are to believe what we hear. + +It seems that some soldiers brought their colonel word that they knew +where they could lay hands on $14,000, and they said that if they were +allowed to go and seize it they would bring it to the colonel to pay +the regiment, which otherwise would mutiny. + +The colonel allowed his men to set off on their shameful expedition, and +learned that sure enough they had obtained the money. What was his +surprise and indignation to find that, instead of bringing it to him, +they had deserted to the Cubans with their booty. + +While the promised reforms are being put into practice without delay, +the new Captain-General is, it is said, making active preparations for +war. The winter campaign against the rebels is to begin at once, and it +is believed that severe fighting is ahead. + +It remains to be seen whether the soldiers will do better under General +Blanco's leadership than they did under Weyler. + + * * * * * + +You will be interested to know that the trial of the _Competitor_ +prisoners takes place in Havana this week. + +The Spanish Government evidently wishes to settle this matter, which has +been a grave source of difficulty between Madrid and Washington. + +Under General Weyler's rule it was impossible to get these men tried, +but Blanco has brought orders that they be tried immediately, and it is +rumored that if they are found guilty they will be pardoned on condition +that they leave Cuba and never return to it. + +The _Competitor_ case was explained to you in No. 40 of THE GREAT ROUND +WORLD. Briefly, she was a schooner engaged in a filibustering +expedition, and was overhauled and captured by the Spaniards. All the +persons on board escaped but five, three of whom were sailing the ship, +and claimed to be American citizens. + +The defence made by these men was that the filibustering party had taken +passage for Florida, and had given no indication of being engaged in any +unlawful pursuit till the vessel was out of sight of land, when they +took possession of her, and forced the captain to carry them over to +Cuba. + +[Illustration: Cuba] + +This defence was not believed, and the men were sentenced to death. Our +Government interfered on account of their being American citizens. A +protest was sent to Spain, and a new trial was ordered. This was over a +year ago, but by one means or another Weyler always contrived to prevent +it. + +It is reported that this _Competitor_ case was one of the main objects +of General Woodford's mission, and that the pardon of these unfortunate +prisoners is in response to the President's request. + +If all we hear is true, the _Competitor_ prisoners will only be a few of +the many persons whom General Blanco has been authorized to pardon. It +is said that all persons prosecuted for rebellion, and all rebels +accused of other crimes, are to be pardoned by the new Captain-General. + +This clemency does not, however, meet with the approval of the Cubans. +The pardon states that it is extended to all those whose crimes are +against the state, but not to those criminals who should be punished by +military law. It therefore amounts to little more than the releasing of +the prisoners who are in the jails; the insurgents who have taken up +arms against Spain have all been declared outlaws, and their crimes are +punishable by military law, so the pardon does not apply to the soldiers +who are or have been fighting in the war, and they are liable to be put +to death for outlawry whenever caught. + + * * * * * + +Reference was made, in THE GREAT ROUND WORLD No. 49, to the disgraceful +proceedings which were taking place in the Austrian Parliament. + +Unfortunately the members of that legislature have not yet seen the +shame of their conduct, but have continued to grow more violent and add +to their scandalous behavior in every possible way. + +The use of the Czech and Magyar languages by the officials in Bohemia +and Hungary has again been under discussion, and the scenes that have +occurred in the Austrian Parliament day after day are almost beyond +belief. + +Instead of discussing the matter in hand, the deputies fell to calling +each other names like a lot of vulgar street-boys, and would eventually +have fought if a few of the cooler-headed members had not forcibly +restrained them. + +When the din would reach its highest point, the President would adjourn +the meetings; but frequently the uproar was so great that the deputies +did not know that he had done so. + +These scenes have continued for over a week. On one occasion when a +member rose to speak on the Austro-Hungarian compact, which is also +unpopular in the House, Herr Wolff, the young Bohemian who recently +fought a duel with Count Badeni, the Prime Minister, began to pound +loudly on the lid of his desk, and calling his friends to aid him, sang, +shouted, and read from the newspaper at the top of his voice, until, +after an hour and a half of confusion, the member who was trying to +speak gave up the attempt in despair. + +At the present moment there are three important matters which have to be +considered by the Parliament, all of which have their bitter opponents. +One is the language question, another the calling to account of the +Prime Minister for the various acts which have displeased the people, +and the third is the important question of renewing the Austro-Hungarian +compact. + +We told you in an earlier number that this was an agreement by which +Hungary paid thirty per cent. of the money needed by the Government, and +Austria the remaining seventy per cent. + +Before we go any further into this matter, we had perhaps better explain +to you the government that binds Austria and Hungary together. + +The two countries are united under the rule of one monarch, who is +known as Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary. + +The two countries are linked together by certain common interests, but +each is governed by its own constitution, which is in both cases a +limited monarchy. This means that the power of the sovereign is limited +by certain rules and laws laid down for him in the constitution. + +Austria and Hungary each have their separate parliaments, and the +decisions of both these legislatures require the consent of the Emperor +and King before they can be made laws. + +Each country has its own Premier and Cabinet, and to manage the affairs +common to both countries there is a third parliament, as it were, +composed of members from Hungary and Austria. + +This body is appointed for a year, and meets alternately at Vienna, the +capital of Austria, and Buda Pesth, the twin capital of Hungary, a city +which lies half on one bank of the Danube and half on the other. It is +the duty of these lawgivers to consider the matters that concern the +affairs of both countries equally. + +There are three state departments, whose officers are responsible for +their work to the Delegations, as the third body of lawgivers is called. + +These officers are the Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Whole +Monarchy, the Minister of War for the Whole Monarchy, and the Minister +of Finance for the Whole Monarchy. + +These facts may seem a little hard and uninteresting to you, but it is +as well to try to master them. It looks as if we were going to hear a +great deal about Austria this winter, and it will be so much easier for +us to understand the events as they happen if we have mastered the +peculiar form of government under which these two peoples are joined. + +It might perhaps simplify the subject to you if you realize that this +government is really somewhat like our own. Austria and Hungary might be +any two of our own States--say Pennsylvania and New York, for instance. +The Emperor, the two parliaments, and the third body which regulates the +matters in common for both countries, might be our President, the state +legislatures, and Congress. Of course there are points of difference +between the two governments, but to take this as a general plan will +help you to form an idea of what the Government of Austro-Hungary is. + +On page 1012 of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD we told you about Turkey and +Austria fighting for Hungary, and how since 1527 Hungary had been a part +of the possessions of the House of Habsburg.[A] + +FOOTNOTES: + +[Footnote A: This is often written _Hapsburg_, probably because the _b_ +is pronounced very shortly and sharply, giving it much the sound of _p_. +_Habsburg_ is, however, correct, as the name is derived from _Habicht_, +a hawk, and was originally _Habichtsburg_, the Hawk's Castle, from which +the family derived its name.] + +There have been many revolts and uprisings in Hungary against the +Austrian rule, and in 1867 the present arrangement was made, whereby +Hungary paid thirty per cent. of the joint expenses of government. The +compact, as it is called, was made for ten years. In 1877 and 1887 it +was renewed for another period of ten years. Now in 1897 it must be +renewed again. + +Austria thinks Hungary is now in a position to pay a larger proportion +of the expenses, but Hungary cannot see the force of this at all. She +is, however, willing to make a fresh compact for one year, during which +time the whole matter can be thoroughly discussed. + +The attempt to get the compact arranged for the one year offered has +been one of the causes of the trouble in the Reichsrath, or Parliament. + +The Austrians do not want to renew the agreement unless they can get +better terms, the Hungarians will not pay any more, and the Bohemians +are opposed to every motion that is made, because they insist that their +own grievance about the language shall be settled before any other +business is done. + +In consequence of this, the Austrian Parliament has become a +bear-garden. + +Mr. Clemens (Mark Twain), who happened to be in Vienna during these +uproarious sittings of Parliament, and witnessed one of them, declared +that the nearest approach to such a riot in his experience was the +lynching of a man out West for stealing a horse--but even that was a +mild scene compared to the proceedings of the Parliament. + +While Mr. Clemens was watching, an Austrian member tried to speak on the +Hungarian question; whereupon Mr. Wolff, the Bohemian member, began to +slam the lid of his desk and then pound it with a ruler. A scuffle +ensued in the attempt to wrench off the lid of the desk, during all of +which the Austrian member continued to speak, it being utterly +impossible to hear one word of what he was saying, because of the uproar +made by the rest of these dignified lawgivers. + +[Illustration: THE START OF THE ANDRÉE BALLOON.] + +The haughty Hungarians have naturally become highly indignant over this +conduct, and there have been stormy times in the Hungarian Parliament. + +Francis Kossuth, a son of Louis Kossuth, the famous Hungarian patriot, +is a member of the Lower House of the Hungarian Parliament. He created a +sensation by demanding that Hungary should cut herself free from Austria +and once more become an independent kingdom, as Austria did not seem to +desire the renewal of the compact. + +Baron Banffy, the Hungarian Premier, at once replied that the union of +Austria and Hungary was complete, and a separation was impossible, and +even were it not so, he could not contemplate the idea of turning +Austria's troubles to the advantage of Hungary. + +While the Austrian Parliament behaves in such a scandalous manner, no +business can be transacted, and the matters of vital importance to the +welfare of the country have to be laid aside because of the disorderly +conduct of the Parliament. + +The Emperor, Francis Joseph, is so disgusted with the way in which the +deputies are abusing the privilege of helping to govern their country, +that he threatens to suspend the constitution and act without the +Parliament. + +At present, it being a limited monarchy, he can only make laws by the +will and consent of the people. + +There is, however, a clause in the Austrian Constitution, an emergency +clause, known as Article XIV., which in case of need gives the Emperor +the right to suspend the constitution and act on his own +responsibility. + +The necessity of coming to a decision on the Hungarian question has +become so great that the ministers are of the opinion that the Emperor +will have to use this privilege. The Minister of Finance therefore +uttered a warning to the members of the Parliament, telling them that +they had better not drive the Government too far, as there was the +gravest danger of the Emperor insisting upon exercising this right. + +The latest despatches say that the published reports give but a slight +idea of the grave trouble that is underlying this matter. It is feared +that a revolution may be the result, and that martial law will have to +be proclaimed in Bohemia this winter to quell the language riots. + +There was great indignation in the Parliament when the warning of the +Minister of Finance was announced; and grave as it seems thus to deprive +the people of their rights, something must soon be done to bring the +deputies to their senses. The warring factions in the Reichsrath have +learned that if they cannot obtain the laws they wish to have for +themselves, they can at least prevent laws from being made for others, +and so they have brought the affairs of Parliament to a deadlock. + +The latest news is that the House has been adjourned for a period of +four days. If the members continue to act as before when the House +reassembles, the probabilities are that the Emperor will suspend the +constitution and take from the people the right of making laws until +they prove worthy of the privilege. + +While this course may bring the Austrian Parliament to order, it is +likely to throw the Hungarians into still greater disorder. + +Francis Kossuth, on hearing of the Emperor's intentions, announced that +he would fight to the death rather than allow Hungary to accept a +compact made with the Emperor alone, and without the consent of the +Austrian Parliament. + + * * * * * + +You will be glad to know that Japan and Hawaii are likely to come to a +friendly settlement of their differences. + +You will remember that it was suggested that the matter of the exclusion +of the emigrants should be decided by arbitration. + +When, however, the time came for Japan to state the points she was +willing to submit to arbitration, she refused to allow the possession of +the $50 to be discussed. + +This, as you will recollect, was the whole point of the disagreement. + +Hawaii refused to accept the immigrants because it came to her knowledge +that the steamship company furnished them with contracts, and loaned +them the $50 required by law to enable them to pass the custom-house. +The contracts were worthless, and the $50 was returned immediately on +landing. + +The Japanese Government in Tokio has come to the very wise and pleasant +decision that the proper thing for it to do is to submit the whole case +to the arbitrators and not enter into any conflict with Hawaii. + +Up to the present time the letters sent by the Japanese Government have +been of such a nature that they warranted the belief that Japan was +ready to declare war on us on account of Hawaii. + +In the present communications, however, the entire tone has changed. +They are friendly and pleasant, and appear to desire to preserve +friendly relations with us. + +This should be especially pleasing, for the Japanese are a fine, +vigorous race of people, whom we cannot but admire for their spirited +conduct in their war with China. It would be a pity if we were forced to +regard them in an unfriendly light. + +It is reported that the reason for the change is that the Government has +discovered that the information forwarded to it was misleading and +calculated to give a wrong impression. + +It is hinted that the Japanese minister in this country is the innocent +cause of the trouble. It seems that he became very intimate with the son +of Claus Spreckels, the Hawaiian Sugar King. + +Young Mr. Spreckels had of course his own ideas about Hawaiian matters, +and told them to the Japanese minister. This official felt that Mr. +Spreckels must be thoroughly well acquainted with Sandwich Island +affairs, and accepted all that he said as fact without attempting to +investigate for himself. + +He should not have done this, because, hard though it is for us to +realize it sometimes, there are always two sides to every question, and +all of us, even the fairest-minded, find it difficult to see both sides +with equal clearness and justice. + +With the best intentions it was impossible for Mr. Spreckels to look at +matters from a disinterested standpoint, and the minister should have +grasped this fact, instead of sending as facts to his Government +statements that were merely the views of an interested party. + +As it was, the Government in Tokio was told that there was not the +slightest fear of the United States annexing Hawaii, that it was all +talk and would never amount to anything, and that Japan could go ahead +and force her immigrants on Hawaii without interference. + +As a matter of fact, it now appears that Japan had no hostile plans in +sending her immigrants to Hawaii. + +While it is true that many of these men were soldiers, it is stated by +those who have studied the matter that they were not soldiers in the +regular Japanese army, but men who had fought in the war with China. + +The enormous strides which Japan has made since the war, and which have +roused the admiration of all her sister nations, cannot have been +accomplished without changes in the thoughts and habits of the Japanese +people. + +It seems that the progressive spirit which the war awakened made the +Japanese restless; the soldiers who had been serving in the field could +not readily settle down to the old ways of life. They wanted fresh +worlds to conquer. + +The Government, realizing that something must be done with this restless +element, instituted and encouraged the idea of emigration. There +appeared to be a great demand for such people in Hawaii, and therefore +the emigration to the Sandwich Islands was commenced. It would perhaps +have been wiser to send the people to the recently acquired island of +Formosa, but the march of progress had not yet reached this island, +while the Americanized Hawaiian Islands offered inducements which the +newly awakened Japanese ambition craved for. + +Be that as it may, it now seems certain that there was no more serious +motive in sending emigrants to Hawaii than the endeavor of Japan to find +occupation for her surplus population. + +The determined stand taken by the Hawaiian Government, and the absolute +certainty that the United States would uphold it, finally opened the +eyes of the Japanese to their mistake. The minister was recalled after +inquiries had been instituted, and the attitude of the Japanese +representatives in Hawaii was changed from haughty displeasure to the +utmost friendliness. + +The outcome of the whole matter has been a pleasantly worded letter from +Japan, in which she consents to submit the whole immigration +question--contract, $50, and all--to arbitration. + +It is extremely gratifying to all lovers of peace to find that one more +national misunderstanding has been settled without resorting to the +horrors and cruelties of war. + + * * * * * + +News comes that the month of reflection given to the Manchester +cotton-workers, before the reduction of wages was to go into effect, has +borne good fruit. + +Instead of going on strike and causing distress to themselves and +disaster to the masters, the workmen have decided to submit the matter +to arbitration. + +If it is proved to their satisfaction that the masters are really paying +higher wages than the state of the business permits, they will submit to +the reduction. + +They want to be assured that the masters are telling them the truth, and +for this no one can blame them. Five per cent. of their earnings is too +much to be given up unless it is absolutely necessary. + +This settlement is another triumph for arbitration. + + * * * * * + +The treaty entered into by the Russian, Japanese, and United States +sealing commissioners has been signed. + +The treaty prohibits deep-sea sealing in waters controlled by them. + +The treaty does not apply (so far as Great Britain is concerned) to the +Bering Sea. By the treaty of Paris this sea was declared to be an open +sea, free to all at a certain distance from the coast; therefore Great +Britain can indulge in deep-sea sealing in those waters if she pleases. + +It is hoped, however, that England's love of justice will convince her +that there must be some truth in the statement about the decrease of the +seal herd, and not wishing to be the only country engaged in improper +sealing, she will eventually add her signature to the treaty. + +This seems the more likely as it is reported that at the sealing +conference with Great Britain, which follows the Russo-Japanese +conference, Sir Wilfrid Laurier, the Canadian Premier, will endeavor to +settle the disputed matters satisfactorily. + +The Canadian Premier has always desired to maintain the most friendly +relations with us, and though he has given no hint of his intentions on +the sealing question, it is understood that he means to reach an +amicable understanding with us. + +It is also said that he intends to see the President while he is in +Washington, and if possible clear away all the existing difficulties +between Canada and the United States. + +The sealing trouble is only one of the matters which need arranging. +There is the Kootenay affair, the Klondike question, and a number of +other fishery and tariff differences. + + * * * * * + +Our Government will soon have an opportunity of testing the value of the +reindeer which have been imported into Alaska. + +A number of whaling-vessels are fast in the ice off the coast of Alaska, +and it is necessary to send food to the sailors on them to save them +from starvation. + +These ships went up through the Bering Sea this summer to ply their +dangerous trade as usual. The winter set in earlier than usual, and +eight of them have been caught in the ice off Point Barrow, which is on +the north of Alaska, jutting out into the Arctic Ocean. + +There are about two hundred and seventy-five men on these vessels. Not +expecting to spend the winter in the Arctic Ocean, they were not +prepared for such an emergency, and none of them carried more than a +three-months' supply of food. The gravest fears are entertained lest +they die of starvation. + +The matter was brought to the attention of the President, who +immediately called a Cabinet council, at which it was decided to send a +relief expedition to these men. + +The plan is to charter a steam-whaler, the _Thrasher_, which is now at +San Francisco, and send her with provisions and clothing to Port +Clarence, which you will find marked just below Cape Prince of Wales, +the most easterly point of our continent, which bounds the Bering +Straits on the American side. + +If it is impossible to get so far north as this, it is proposed to put +in at Norton Sound, on which St. Michaels is situated, the port which +has come into so much prominence lately through the discovery of gold on +the Klondike. + +Whichever of these points can be reached, it is purposed to send the +provisions across Alaska to Point Barrow by reindeer. + +There is a reindeer station at Point Clarence, and so it would be better +to reach this spot if possible; but the captain of the revenue-cutter +_Bear_, which cruises in Alaskan waters, says that there is too much ice +already for it to be possible to reach either Port Clarence or St. +Michaels. + +The reindeer will, however, be used when other means of travelling are +impossible, and they will bring the supplies to the imprisoned whalers. + +There are at present eleven hundred head of deer in Alaska, all in a +healthy and thriving condition. + +Last December, the superintendent of the reindeer station at Port +Clarence thought he would try and see just how useful these beasts could +be made, and whether it would be possible, by their aid, to establish +communication between Arctic Alaska and civilization. + +He took with him nine sleds, seventeen reindeer, and two Lapp teamsters. + +[Illustration: REINDEER TEAM. _From Photograph Taken in Alaska._] + +Here is his description of the trip: + +"The journey was a very difficult one. Barren mountains whose sides +had been swept bare by blizzards, and ravines which held deep +snowdrifts, had to be crossed. The icy waters of mountain torrents had +to be forded; sometimes a way had to be cut with axes through tangled +undergrowth. The cold was intense, sometimes 73° below zero." + +Though reindeer moss was found in sufficient quantities throughout the +entire trip, at one time the party was storm-bound on the mountains, and +the animals were thirty-six hours without food. + +The hardy creatures suffered no permanent injury from this long fast, +and their skins, thickly covered with long hair, were sufficient to +protect them from the icy blasts. + +With servants such as these to do its bidding, there is every hope that +the Government may be able to send provisions to the unfortunate whalers +before they begin to suffer the pangs of hunger. + +Cheering news has been received from the captain of the whaling-steamer +_Devall_ and the captain of the revenue-cutter _Bear_, who state that +there are between three hundred and four hundred barrels of flour at the +Point Barrow refuge-station, probably within reach of the men. + +The _Bear_, which is now at Seattle, has been ordered to prepare for +another Arctic trip, and be ready to push on through the Straits as soon +as the spring conies, and go round to Point Barrow to rescue the +whalers, in case the packing of the ice has crushed and wrecked their +vessels. + +The _Bear_ has a noteworthy Arctic record. It was this vessel which was +sent in search of, and was successful in finding, the Greely +expedition. + + * * * * * + +There is a good deal of discussion on the subject of football just now. + +The fatal accidents which have befallen the players already this season +have led people to think it a brutal sport, and many are setting their +faces against it. + +The legislature of Georgia has forbidden football within the state +limits, and all the prominent colleges in the country are discussing the +idea of prohibiting it. + +Chicago has come to the front as bravely as it did in the crusade +against the high hats in theatres. + +The same alderman who offered the resolution to suppress the hats has +evolved a new one which will make him famous. + +It reads: "An Ordinance to Prohibit the Playing of Football." + +While football is a fine, manly sport, the objectors have good reason on +their side for wishing to suppress it. + +A good many young fellows seem to forget the true sporting spirit in +which they should play the game, and to use it as a means for paying off +old grudges. + +If they cannot rise above their own feelings in the game, the sooner it +is forbidden the better. + +A statement from a noted Harvard Right Tackle has appeared, which is so +shocking to all true sportsmen that they can but feel that Georgia's +example cannot too soon be followed by the other States. + +This statement is in reference to a famous game played in 1889. It says +that in the rival team was a man who had been the Right Tackle's +unsuccessful rival at a preparatory college. In the course of the game +this man walked deliberately up to the Right Tackle, kicked him +severely, then limping off to the umpire, complained that the Harvard +man had kicked him. The Harvard man was ruled out of the game, and as he +left the field his rival again approached him, and said: "I've got even +for that old grudge at ---- College." The Harvard man knocked him down, +and that ended the matter. + +It seems incredible that men calling themselves gentlemen should not +only do such things, but speak of them unconcernedly afterward. + +In England, which is the home of football, the game is rough enough, but +kicking or "hacking," as it is called, is not allowed, and the man who +would deliberately strike or seek to injure another in the course of a +game on account of a private grudge would be forced to leave college and +hounded out of society. The love of sport for sport's sake is so well +developed in England that a man would be disgraced for life who would so +far forget himself as to permit any such exhibition as the one quoted +above. + + G.H. ROSENFELD. + + + + +WORD-BUILDING PRIZE CONTEST. + + + _The Great Round World, 3 and 5 West 18th St., N.Y._ + + GENTLEMEN: I am in receipt of the kodak camera won as a + prize in the recent contest, and wish to thank you most + heartily for it. It is a gratification to win anything by + the exercise of one's wits, and I shall highly prize the + kodak and appreciate your generosity as well. + + Very cordially yours, + HANNAH K. PECK. + MERIDEN, CONN., Nov. 12th, 1897. + + + _The Great Round World, 3 and 5 West 18th St., N.Y._ + + GENTLEMEN: My daughter begs to acknowledge with many thanks + the receipt of the pocket kodak, being the second prize in + the recent contest.... + + Very truly yours, + ELEANOR DU BOIS. + _By_ CORNELIUS DU BOIS. + Nov. 13th, 1897. + + + + +EDITORIAL NOTE. + + +There has been so much interest manifested in the Prize Contests that we +are going to continue them, and one is begun this week which should be +very interesting to all our readers. + +See the advertising pages for details and list of prizes, of which, +there are many more than in the other contests. + + + + +INVENTION AND DISCOVERY. + + +ELECTRIC HAIR-DRYER.--This is an idea that will find favor with all +women who have long hair and dread the long, tedious process of drying, +and the misery and tangles that are a part of the first combing after +the hair is dry. + +[Illustration: Hair Dryer] + +It is an electric hair-dryer, partly comb and partly brush. It is +connected with an electric wire which heats a sliding plate in the +inside. The dryer is passed over the hair, smoothing it and removing the +tangles, and drying it at the same time by means of the heated plate +inside. + +It can be easily adapted to every house where electricity is used, as a +small wire attached to the lights will do the work required. + +The hair-dryer is carefully insulated, and there is no danger of the +user receiving an electric shock. + +The dryer should become a favorite toilet article. The softness and +silkiness of the hair is greatly enhanced by constant washing, and yet +there are many women to whom the dangling of damp locks means a sure +cold in the head and sore throat. + +HAMMER.--Any one who has tried to pull nails with the claw of a hammer +will appreciate this little device which has just been patented. + +The claw end of the hammer is provided with a number of grooves, into +which a little bar fits and locks. + +[Illustration: Hammer] + +When you go to draw a nail, instead of the half-dozen hit-or-miss slips +that are the usual fate of such attempts, the bar falls down in front of +the nail as the claw grips it from the back. The nail is held in a vise +and must come out willy-nilly. + +This new hammer is likely to save amateur carpenters more worry and +wounded fingers than any contemporary invention. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 55, November 25, 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + +***** This file should be named 16179-8.txt or 16179-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/1/7/16179/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + +*** END: FULL LICENSE *** + diff --git a/16179-8.zip b/16179-8.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..9081837 --- /dev/null +++ b/16179-8.zip diff --git a/16179-h.zip b/16179-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..f2a9e36 --- /dev/null +++ b/16179-h.zip diff --git a/16179-h/16179-h.htm b/16179-h/16179-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0482549 --- /dev/null +++ b/16179-h/16179-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1372 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 55, November 25, 1897, by Julia Truitt Bishop. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + p {margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + text-indent: 1.25em; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + img {border: 0;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%;} + + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + .figleft {float: left; clear: left; margin-left: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: + 1em; margin-right: 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + .figright {float: right; clear: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; + margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + .footnotes {border: dashed 1px;} + .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + .footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} + .fnanchor {vertical-align: super; font-size: .8em; text-decoration: none;} + + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On +In It, Vol. 1, No. 55, November 25, 1897, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 55, November 25, 1897 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop + +Release Date: July 2, 2005 [EBook #16179] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + +<p><a name="Page_1537" id="Page_1537"></a></p> + + + +<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/title.png" alt="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" title="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" /></p> + +<div class='center'><b><span class='smcap'>Vol.</span> 1 <span class='smcap'>November</span> 25, 1897. <span class='smcap'>No.</span> 55</b></div> + +<div class='center'><b>Copyright, 1897, by <span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span> Publishing Company.</b></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p>This has been an exciting week for Cuban matters.</p> + +<p>We told you that we might expect to hear more from Mr. Taylor's article +on Cuba in <i>The North American Review</i>.</p> + +<p>We were quite right in our supposition.</p> + +<p>The Madrid papers took the matter up indignantly, and it has been the +main point of interest during the last few days.</p> + +<p>If you remember, we told you that Mr. Taylor said, in his article, that +Spain did not seem able to settle the difficult Cuban question, and that +in his opinion it was clearly our duty to interfere.</p> + +<p>One of the Spanish Senators, Señor Salvani, wrote an angry letter to the +Madrid papers, in which he said that when Mr. Taylor was minister to +Spain he appeared most anxious to preserve the friendliest relations +between the two countries, and that he repeatedly declared that there +was no fear that the United States would interfere with Cuba.</p> + +<p>On seeing this letter, Mr. Taylor wrote one on his own account to the +American papers.<a name="Page_1538" id="Page_1538"></a></p> + +<p>In it he said that his experience had been that the Spanish authorities +were unreliable, and according to his way of thinking the only way to +put an end to the war, which was costing this country so much from +destruction to commerce, was for the Government to take a firm stand +with Spain, and insist that if the war wasn't ended by a certain fixed +date we would end it for her.</p> + +<p>To prove the truth of his assertion that Spain was unreliable, he stated +that during the term of his official service in Madrid he had become +convinced that Cuba would never yield, but would fight till her last +drop of blood had been spilled.</p> + +<p>Thinking it a great pity to allow such a valuable property as Cuba to be +allowed to go to ruin, he decided to make an effort to bring the war to +a close.</p> + +<p>He was acquainted with Señor Castelar, who was a close friend of +Canovas, the late Premier. Señor Castelar was President of Spain when it +was a republic, before the young King's father was put on the throne by +the aid of Canovas. At an informal dinner-party at Señor Castelar's, Mr. +Taylor begged the Señor to talk to Canovas, and convince him that the +war in Cuba was only a cruel waste of life and useless waste of money, +as the Cubans would not submit. He asked Señor Castelar to suggest to +Canovas that an attempt to pacify the island should be made by offering +them liberal Home Rule.</p> + +<p>Señor Castelar agreed with Mr. Taylor, and promised to speak to Canovas.</p> + +<p>A few days later he sent word to Mr. Taylor that he had brought Canovas +around to his way of thinking, and that Cuba was to be given Home Rule.<a name="Page_1539" id="Page_1539"></a></p> + +<p>Mr. Taylor was very happy over the result of his efforts, and shortly +after an offer of Home Rule was made to the Cubans.</p> + +<p>It proved, however, to be Home Rule only in name. Spain was to keep +control of the army, the navy, and the courts; the only privilege given +to the Cubans was to be that of paying taxes to support the Government.</p> + +<p>This offer was not acceptable to Cuba, and nothing further came of it.</p> + +<p>When Mr. Taylor found that this was all the Home Rule Spain meant to +offer the Cubans, he became discouraged, and concluded that Spain did +not mean to do anything for Cuba, and that the offer was not sincerely +made, but merely to gain time in the hope that the Cubans would run +short of ammunition and be obliged to surrender.</p> + +<p>Mr. Taylor has been severely criticised for making these statements.</p> + +<p>The Government in Washington feared that serious trouble might result +therefrom. What Mr. Taylor knew of the matter was learned while he was +acting as an officer of the Government, and it has been thought that he +should not have made his knowledge public.</p> + +<p>The most alarming rumors grew out of the disclosures. People feared that +war would be the result, and for a few hours there was a war scare. +Prices of stocks fell, and one enterprising paper got out a "special," +stating that war had been declared, because Spain had claimed the right +to search American vessels on the high seas for arms, or what is called +contraband of war.<a name="Page_1540" id="Page_1540"></a></p> + +<p>The spread of the alarm was increased by a report that the Chamber of +Commerce had once again issued a warning to the Government that the +harbor defences of New York city were not strong enough, and had asked +that they be strengthened.</p> + +<p>Twice before in the history of our country that body has warned +Congress: once before the outbreak of the Revolution, and again just +before the Civil War.</p> + +<p>As the members of the Chamber of Commerce had been right on both of the +previous occasions, the people looked on them as prophets, and a war +scare spread over the country, which caused the greatest uneasiness.</p> + +<p>The feelings of the people were, however, calmed by an announcement from +Washington that there was not the slightest cause for alarm. The +governments in Washington and Madrid understood each other perfectly, +and President McKinley intended to allow the promised reforms time to +take effect before he even considered the idea of interference. In the +announcement it was added that the warning from the Chamber of Commerce +would be taken into consideration, but that there was in it nothing to +throw the country into a panic.</p> + +<p>The sudden fall in stocks was declared to be a trick on the part of some +Wall Street speculators, and to mean nothing more serious than that a +few sharp men had made money out of a good many foolish ones.</p> + +<p>In regard to the threatened searching of American vessels—an action +which would certainly oblige us to declare war on Spain—it was stated +by those in authority that Spain does not contemplate any such course.<a name="Page_1541" id="Page_1541"></a></p> + +<p>American vessels have a perfect right to carry arms to Cuba and fulfil +any orders they may receive for such goods, as long as Spain persists in +saying that war does not exist in the island. It is only when men +accompany the arms that Spain has a right to protest; otherwise it is a +mere carrying of merchandise from one port to another.</p> + +<p>It is felt that while Spain has cause for anger against the American +sympathisers who have sent over so many filibusters, she has none +against the United States Government, which has done everything in its +power to prevent the despatching of these unlawful expeditions.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Before he left Havana Weyler made a speech in which he is reported to +have made remarks which have annoyed the Spanish Government. This +appears to have created trouble for him.</p> + +<p>The Spanish ministers have talked the matter over, and decided to demand +an explanation from the ex-Captain-General.</p> + +<p>The commanders of each of the ports in the Spanish kingdom have been +instructed to ask the General what these remarks were the moment he sets +his foot on Spanish soil, wherever that may be. If his statement agrees +with the reports of his speech, he will immediately be arrested and +tried by court-martial.</p> + +<p>The particular remark reported which so offended the Government was in +reference to his being certain that no other minister would keep him in +office after the death of Canovas.</p> + +<p>General Blanco is endeavoring to establish his government in Havana.<a name="Page_1542" id="Page_1542"></a></p> + +<p>He is not having an easy time of it, however. The Spanish ministers were +led to believe that there were a great number of Cubans who were +desirous of seeing Home Rule established, and who would come to the +assistance of Spain if she attempted to do this.</p> + +<p>One of the proposed changes was that certain of the offices should be +filled by Cubans. From the accounts given. General Blanco expected to +find no difficulty in getting the Cubans to serve under him.</p> + +<p>To his dismay he has found that the reported strong Home Rule party does +not exist, and that the Cubans decline the honors offered them. He had +to threaten one man with banishment from Cuba before he could persuade +him to take any part in the establishment of the reforms.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>The war is being actively pursued all over the island. General Garcia +has, it is said, captured Holguin and Mayari in Santiago de Cuba.</p> + +<p>At Pinar del Rio City the insurgents defeated the Spanish troops and +took from them some guns and a large store of ammunition.</p> + +<p>It is said that a million dollars, sent over to pay the Spanish army, +has mysteriously disappeared from Havana's treasury, and the soldiers +are extremely indignant over it.</p> + +<p>The desperate want of money among the troops is leading to some very +reprehensible acts, if we are to believe what we hear.</p> + +<p>It seems that some soldiers brought their colonel word that they knew +where they could lay hands on $14,000, and they said that if they were +allowed to go <a name="Page_1543" id="Page_1543"></a>and seize it they would bring it to the colonel to pay +the regiment, which otherwise would mutiny.</p> + +<p>The colonel allowed his men to set off on their shameful expedition, and +learned that sure enough they had obtained the money. What was his +surprise and indignation to find that, instead of bringing it to him, +they had deserted to the Cubans with their booty.</p> + +<p>While the promised reforms are being put into practice without delay, +the new Captain-General is, it is said, making active preparations for +war. The winter campaign against the rebels is to begin at once, and it +is believed that severe fighting is ahead.</p> + +<p>It remains to be seen whether the soldiers will do better under General +Blanco's leadership than they did under Weyler.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>You will be interested to know that the trial of the <i>Competitor</i> +prisoners takes place in Havana this week.</p> + +<p>The Spanish Government evidently wishes to settle this matter, which has +been a grave source of difficulty between Madrid and Washington.</p> + +<p>Under General Weyler's rule it was impossible to get these men tried, +but Blanco has brought orders that they be tried immediately, and it is +rumored that if they are found guilty they will be pardoned on condition +that they leave Cuba and never return to it.</p> + +<p>The <i>Competitor</i> case was explained to you in No. 40 of <span class="smcap">The Great +Round World</span>. Briefly, she was a schooner engaged in a filibustering +expedition, and was overhauled and captured by the Spaniards. All <a name="Page_1544" id="Page_1544"></a>the +persons on board escaped but five, three of whom were sailing the ship, +and claimed to be American citizens.</p> + +<p>The defence made by these men was that the filibustering party had taken +passage for Florida, and had given no indication of being engaged in any +unlawful pursuit till the vessel was out of sight of land, when they +took possession of her, and forced the captain to carry them over to +Cuba.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/8.png" alt="Island" title="Island" /></div> + + +<p>This defence was not believed, and the men were sentenced to death. Our +Government interfered on account of their being American citizens. A +protest was sent to Spain, and a new trial was ordered. This was over a +year ago, but by one means or another Weyler always contrived to prevent +it.</p> + +<p>It is reported that this <i>Competitor</i> case was one of the main objects +of General Woodford's mission, and that the pardon of these unfortunate +prisoners is in response to the President's request.</p> + +<p>If all we hear is true, the <i>Competitor</i> prisoners will only be a few of +the many persons whom General<a name="Page_1545" id="Page_1545"></a> Blanco has been authorized to pardon. It +is said that all persons prosecuted for rebellion, and all rebels +accused of other crimes, are to be pardoned by the new Captain-General.</p> + +<p>This clemency does not, however, meet with the approval of the Cubans. +The pardon states that it is extended to all those whose crimes are +against the state, but not to those criminals who should be punished by +military law. It therefore amounts to little more than the releasing of +the prisoners who are in the jails; the insurgents who have taken up +arms against Spain have all been declared outlaws, and their crimes are +punishable by military law, so the pardon does not apply to the soldiers +who are or have been fighting in the war, and they are liable to be put +to death for outlawry whenever caught.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Reference was made, in <span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span> No. 49, to the +disgraceful proceedings which were taking place in the Austrian +Parliament.</p> + +<p>Unfortunately the members of that legislature have not yet seen the +shame of their conduct, but have continued to grow more violent and add +to their scandalous behavior in every possible way.</p> + +<p>The use of the Czech and Magyar languages by the officials in Bohemia +and Hungary has again been under discussion, and the scenes that have +occurred in the Austrian Parliament day after day are almost beyond +belief.</p> + +<p>Instead of discussing the matter in hand, the deputies fell to calling +each other names like a lot of vulgar street-boys, and would eventually +have fought if <a name="Page_1546" id="Page_1546"></a>a few of the cooler-headed members had not forcibly +restrained them.</p> + +<p>When the din would reach its highest point, the President would adjourn +the meetings; but frequently the uproar was so great that the deputies +did not know that he had done so.</p> + +<p>These scenes have continued for over a week. On one occasion when a +member rose to speak on the Austro-Hungarian compact, which is also +unpopular in the House, Herr Wolff, the young Bohemian who recently +fought a duel with Count Badeni, the Prime Minister, began to pound +loudly on the lid of his desk, and calling his friends to aid him, sang, +shouted, and read from the newspaper at the top of his voice, until, +after an hour and a half of confusion, the member who was trying to +speak gave up the attempt in despair.</p> + +<p>At the present moment there are three important matters which have to be +considered by the Parliament, all of which have their bitter opponents. +One is the language question, another the calling to account of the +Prime Minister for the various acts which have displeased the people, +and the third is the important question of renewing the Austro-Hungarian +compact.</p> + +<p>We told you in an earlier number that this was an agreement by which +Hungary paid thirty per cent. of the money needed by the Government, and +Austria the remaining seventy per cent.</p> + +<p>Before we go any further into this matter, we had perhaps better explain +to you the government that binds Austria and Hungary together.</p> + +<p>The two countries are united under the rule of one <a name="Page_1547" id="Page_1547"></a>monarch, who is +known as Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary.</p> + +<p>The two countries are linked together by certain common interests, but +each is governed by its own constitution, which is in both cases a +limited monarchy. This means that the power of the sovereign is limited +by certain rules and laws laid down for him in the constitution.</p> + +<p>Austria and Hungary each have their separate parliaments, and the +decisions of both these legislatures require the consent of the Emperor +and King before they can be made laws.</p> + +<p>Each country has its own Premier and Cabinet, and to manage the affairs +common to both countries there is a third parliament, as it were, +composed of members from Hungary and Austria.</p> + +<p>This body is appointed for a year, and meets alternately at Vienna, the +capital of Austria, and Buda Pesth, the twin capital of Hungary, a city +which lies half on one bank of the Danube and half on the other. It is +the duty of these lawgivers to consider the matters that concern the +affairs of both countries equally.</p> + +<p>There are three state departments, whose officers are responsible for +their work to the Delegations, as the third body of lawgivers is called.</p> + +<p>These officers are the Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Whole +Monarchy, the Minister of War for the Whole Monarchy, and the Minister +of Finance for the Whole Monarchy.</p> + +<p>These facts may seem a little hard and uninteresting to you, but it is +as well to try to master them. It looks as if we were going to hear a +great deal about Austria this winter, and it will be so much easier for +<a name="Page_1548" id="Page_1548"></a>us to understand the events as they happen if we have mastered the +peculiar form of government under which these two peoples are joined.</p> + +<p>It might perhaps simplify the subject to you if you realize that this +government is really somewhat like our own. Austria and Hungary might be +any two of our own States—say Pennsylvania and New York, for instance. +The Emperor, the two parliaments, and the third body which regulates the +matters in common for both countries, might be our President, the state +legislatures, and Congress. Of course there are points of difference +between the two governments, but to take this as a general plan will +help you to form an idea of what the Government of Austro-Hungary is.</p> + +<p>On page 1012 of <span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span> we told you about Turkey +and Austria fighting for Hungary, and how since 1527 Hungary had been a +part of the possessions of the House of Habsburg.<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></p> + +<p>There have been many revolts and uprisings in Hungary against the +Austrian rule, and in 1867 the present arrangement was made, whereby +Hungary paid thirty per cent. of the joint expenses of government. The +compact, as it is called, was made for ten years. In 1877 and 1887 it +was renewed for another period of ten years. Now in 1897 it must be +renewed again.</p> + +<p>Austria thinks Hungary is now in a position to pay <a name="Page_1549" id="Page_1549"></a>a larger proportion +of the expenses, but Hungary cannot see the force of this at all. She +is, however, willing to make a fresh compact for one year, during which +time the whole matter can be thoroughly discussed.</p> + +<p>The attempt to get the compact arranged for the one year offered has +been one of the causes of the trouble in the Reichsrath, or Parliament.</p> + +<p>The Austrians do not want to renew the agreement unless they can get +better terms, the Hungarians will not pay any more, and the Bohemians +are opposed to every motion that is made, because they insist that their +own grievance about the language shall be settled before any other +business is done.</p> + +<p>In consequence of this, the Austrian Parliament has become a +bear-garden.</p> + +<p>Mr. Clemens (Mark Twain), who happened to be in Vienna during these +uproarious sittings of Parliament, and witnessed one of them, declared +that the nearest approach to such a riot in his experience was the +lynching of a man out West for stealing a horse—but even that was a +mild scene compared to the proceedings of the Parliament.</p> + +<p>While Mr. Clemens was watching, an Austrian member tried to speak on the +Hungarian question; whereupon Mr. Wolff, the Bohemian member, began to +slam the lid of his desk and then pound it with a ruler. A scuffle +ensued in the attempt to wrench off the lid of the desk, during all of +which the Austrian member continued to speak, it being utterly +impossible to hear one word of what he was saying, because of the uproar +made by the rest of these dignified lawgivers.<a name="Page_1550" id="Page_1550"></a></p> + +<p>The haughty Hungarians have naturally become highly indignant over this +conduct, and there have been stormy times in the Hungarian Parliament.</p> + +<p>Francis Kossuth, a son of Louis Kossuth, the famous Hungarian patriot, +is a member of the Lower House of the Hungarian Parliament. He created a +sensation by demanding that Hungary should cut herself free from Austria +and once more become an independent kingdom, as Austria did not seem to +desire the renewal of the compact.</p> + +<p>Baron Banffy, the Hungarian Premier, at once replied that the union of +Austria and Hungary was complete, and a separation was impossible, and +even were it not so, he could not contemplate the idea of turning +Austria's troubles to the advantage of Hungary.</p> + +<p>While the Austrian Parliament behaves in such a scandalous manner, no +business can be transacted, and the matters of vital importance to the +welfare of the country have to be laid aside because of the disorderly +conduct of the Parliament.</p> + +<p>The Emperor, Francis Joseph, is so disgusted with the way in which the +deputies are abusing the privilege of helping to govern their country, +that he threatens to suspend the constitution and act without the +Parliament.</p> + +<p>At present, it being a limited monarchy, he can only make laws by the +will and consent of the people.</p> + +<p>There is, however, a clause in the Austrian Constitution, an emergency +clause, known as Article XIV., which in case of need gives the Emperor +the right to suspend the constitution and act on his own +responsibility.<a name="Page_1552" id="Page_1552"></a></p> + +<p>The necessity of coming to a decision on the Hungarian question has +become so great that the ministers are of the opinion that the Emperor +will have to use this privilege. The Minister of Finance therefore +uttered a warning to the members of the Parliament, telling them that +they had better not drive the Government too far, as there was the +gravest danger of the Emperor insisting upon exercising this right.</p> + +<p>The latest despatches say that the published reports give but a slight +idea of the grave trouble that is underlying this matter. It is feared +that a revolution may be the result, and that martial law will have to +be proclaimed in Bohemia this winter to quell the language riots.</p> + +<p>There was great indignation in the Parliament when the warning of the +Minister of Finance was announced; and grave as it seems thus to deprive +the people of their rights, something must soon be done to bring the +deputies to their senses. The warring factions in the Reichsrath have +learned that if they cannot obtain the laws they wish to have for +themselves, they can at least prevent laws from being made for others, +and so they have brought the affairs of Parliament to a deadlock.</p> + +<p>The latest news is that the House has been adjourned for a period of +four days. If the members continue to act as before when the House +reassembles, the probabilities are that the Emperor will suspend the +constitution and take from the people the right of making laws until +they prove worthy of the privilege.</p> + +<p>While this course may bring the Austrian Parliament to order, it is +likely to throw the Hungarians into still greater disorder.<a name="Page_1553" id="Page_1553"></a></p> + +<p>Francis Kossuth, on hearing of the Emperor's intentions, announced that +he would fight to the death rather than allow Hungary to accept a +compact made with the Emperor alone, and without the consent of the +Austrian Parliament.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/14.png" alt="The Start of the Andrée Balloon" title="The Start of the Andrée Balloon" /></div> + +<div class='center'><span class='smcap'>The Start of the Andrée Balloon.</span><a name="Page_1551" id="Page_1551"></a></div> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>You will be glad to know that Japan and Hawaii are likely to come to a +friendly settlement of their differences.</p> + +<p>You will remember that it was suggested that the matter of the exclusion +of the emigrants should be decided by arbitration.</p> + +<p>When, however, the time came for Japan to state the points she was +willing to submit to arbitration, she refused to allow the possession of +the $50 to be discussed.</p> + +<p>This, as you will recollect, was the whole point of the disagreement.</p> + +<p>Hawaii refused to accept the immigrants because it came to her knowledge +that the steamship company furnished them with contracts, and loaned +them the $50 required by law to enable them to pass the custom-house. +The contracts were worthless, and the $50 was returned immediately on +landing.</p> + +<p>The Japanese Government in Tokio has come to the very wise and pleasant +decision that the proper thing for it to do is to submit the whole case +to the arbitrators and not enter into any conflict with Hawaii.</p> + +<p>Up to the present time the letters sent by the Japanese Government have +been of such a nature that they warranted the belief that Japan was +ready to declare war on us on account of Hawaii.</p> + +<p>In the present communications, however, the entire <a name="Page_1554" id="Page_1554"></a>tone has changed. +They are friendly and pleasant, and appear to desire to preserve +friendly relations with us.</p> + +<p>This should be especially pleasing, for the Japanese are a fine, +vigorous race of people, whom we cannot but admire for their spirited +conduct in their war with China. It would be a pity if we were forced to +regard them in an unfriendly light.</p> + +<p>It is reported that the reason for the change is that the Government has +discovered that the information forwarded to it was misleading and +calculated to give a wrong impression.</p> + +<p>It is hinted that the Japanese minister in this country is the innocent +cause of the trouble. It seems that he became very intimate with the son +of Claus Spreckels, the Hawaiian Sugar King.</p> + +<p>Young Mr. Spreckels had of course his own ideas about Hawaiian matters, +and told them to the Japanese minister. This official felt that Mr. +Spreckels must be thoroughly well acquainted with Sandwich Island +affairs, and accepted all that he said as fact without attempting to +investigate for himself.</p> + +<p>He should not have done this, because, hard though it is for us to +realize it sometimes, there are always two sides to every question, and +all of us, even the fairest-minded, find it difficult to see both sides +with equal clearness and justice.</p> + +<p>With the best intentions it was impossible for Mr. Spreckels to look at +matters from a disinterested standpoint, and the minister should have +grasped this fact, instead of sending as facts to his Government +statements that were merely the views of an interested party.<a name="Page_1555" id="Page_1555"></a></p> + +<p>As it was, the Government in Tokio was told that there was not the +slightest fear of the United States annexing Hawaii, that it was all +talk and would never amount to anything, and that Japan could go ahead +and force her immigrants on Hawaii without interference.</p> + +<p>As a matter of fact, it now appears that Japan had no hostile plans in +sending her immigrants to Hawaii.</p> + +<p>While it is true that many of these men were soldiers, it is stated by +those who have studied the matter that they were not soldiers in the +regular Japanese army, but men who had fought in the war with China.</p> + +<p>The enormous strides which Japan has made since the war, and which have +roused the admiration of all her sister nations, cannot have been +accomplished without changes in the thoughts and habits of the Japanese +people.</p> + +<p>It seems that the progressive spirit which the war awakened made the +Japanese restless; the soldiers who had been serving in the field could +not readily settle down to the old ways of life. They wanted fresh +worlds to conquer.</p> + +<p>The Government, realizing that something must be done with this restless +element, instituted and encouraged the idea of emigration. There +appeared to be a great demand for such people in Hawaii, and therefore +the emigration to the Sandwich Islands was commenced. It would perhaps +have been wiser to send the people to the recently acquired island of +Formosa, but the march of progress had not yet reached this island, +while the Americanized Hawaiian<a name="Page_1556" id="Page_1556"></a> Islands offered inducements which the +newly awakened Japanese ambition craved for.</p> + +<p>Be that as it may, it now seems certain that there was no more serious +motive in sending emigrants to Hawaii than the endeavor of Japan to find +occupation for her surplus population.</p> + +<p>The determined stand taken by the Hawaiian Government, and the absolute +certainty that the United States would uphold it, finally opened the +eyes of the Japanese to their mistake. The minister was recalled after +inquiries had been instituted, and the attitude of the Japanese +representatives in Hawaii was changed from haughty displeasure to the +utmost friendliness.</p> + +<p>The outcome of the whole matter has been a pleasantly worded letter from +Japan, in which she consents to submit the whole immigration +question—contract, $50, and all—to arbitration.</p> + +<p>It is extremely gratifying to all lovers of peace to find that one more +national misunderstanding has been settled without resorting to the +horrors and cruelties of war.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>News comes that the month of reflection given to the Manchester +cotton-workers, before the reduction of wages was to go into effect, has +borne good fruit.</p> + +<p>Instead of going on strike and causing distress to themselves and +disaster to the masters, the workmen have decided to submit the matter +to arbitration.</p> + +<p>If it is proved to their satisfaction that the masters are really paying +higher wages than the state of the business permits, they will submit to +the reduction.<a name="Page_1557" id="Page_1557"></a></p> + +<p>They want to be assured that the masters are telling them the truth, and +for this no one can blame them. Five per cent. of their earnings is too +much to be given up unless it is absolutely necessary.</p> + +<p>This settlement is another triumph for arbitration.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>The treaty entered into by the Russian, Japanese, and United States +sealing commissioners has been signed.</p> + +<p>The treaty prohibits deep-sea sealing in waters controlled by them.</p> + +<p>The treaty does not apply (so far as Great Britain is concerned) to the +Bering Sea. By the treaty of Paris this sea was declared to be an open +sea, free to all at a certain distance from the coast; therefore Great +Britain can indulge in deep-sea sealing in those waters if she pleases.</p> + +<p>It is hoped, however, that England's love of justice will convince her +that there must be some truth in the statement about the decrease of the +seal herd, and not wishing to be the only country engaged in improper +sealing, she will eventually add her signature to the treaty.</p> + +<p>This seems the more likely as it is reported that at the sealing +conference with Great Britain, which follows the Russo-Japanese +conference, Sir Wilfrid Laurier, the Canadian Premier, will endeavor to +settle the disputed matters satisfactorily.</p> + +<p>The Canadian Premier has always desired to maintain the most friendly +relations with us, and though he has given no hint of his intentions on +the sealing question, it is understood that he means to reach an +amicable understanding with us.<a name="Page_1558" id="Page_1558"></a></p> + +<p>It is also said that he intends to see the President while he is in +Washington, and if possible clear away all the existing difficulties +between Canada and the United States.</p> + +<p>The sealing trouble is only one of the matters which need arranging. +There is the Kootenay affair, the Klondike question, and a number of +other fishery and tariff differences.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Our Government will soon have an opportunity of testing the value of the +reindeer which have been imported into Alaska.</p> + +<p>A number of whaling-vessels are fast in the ice off the coast of Alaska, +and it is necessary to send food to the sailors on them to save them +from starvation.</p> + +<p>These ships went up through the Bering Sea this summer to ply their +dangerous trade as usual. The winter set in earlier than usual, and +eight of them have been caught in the ice off Point Barrow, which is on +the north of Alaska, jutting out into the Arctic Ocean.</p> + +<p>There are about two hundred and seventy-five men on these vessels. Not +expecting to spend the winter in the Arctic Ocean, they were not +prepared for such an emergency, and none of them carried more than a +three-months' supply of food. The gravest fears are entertained lest +they die of starvation.</p> + +<p>The matter was brought to the attention of the President, who +immediately called a Cabinet council, at which it was decided to send a +relief expedition to these men.</p> + +<p>The plan is to charter a steam-whaler, the <i>Thrasher</i>, <a name="Page_1559" id="Page_1559"></a>which is now at +San Francisco, and send her with provisions and clothing to Port +Clarence, which you will find marked just below Cape Prince of Wales, +the most easterly point of our continent, which bounds the Bering +Straits on the American side.</p> + +<p>If it is impossible to get so far north as this, it is proposed to put +in at Norton Sound, on which St. Michaels is situated, the port which +has come into so much prominence lately through the discovery of gold on +the Klondike.</p> + +<p>Whichever of these points can be reached, it is purposed to send the +provisions across Alaska to Point Barrow by reindeer.</p> + +<p>There is a reindeer station at Point Clarence, and so it would be better +to reach this spot if possible; but the captain of the revenue-cutter +<i>Bear</i>, which cruises in Alaskan waters, says that there is too much ice +already for it to be possible to reach either Port Clarence or St. +Michaels.</p> + +<p>The reindeer will, however, be used when other means of travelling are +impossible, and they will bring the supplies to the imprisoned whalers.</p> + +<p>There are at present eleven hundred head of deer in Alaska, all in a +healthy and thriving condition.</p> + +<p>Last December, the superintendent of the reindeer station at Port +Clarence thought he would try and see just how useful these beasts could +be made, and whether it would be possible, by their aid, to establish +communication between Arctic Alaska and civilization.</p> + +<p>He took with him nine sleds, seventeen reindeer, and two Lapp teamsters.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/24.png" alt="Reindeer Team" title="Reindeer Team" /></div> + +<div class='center'><span class="smcap">Reindeer Team.</span><br /> <i>From Photograph Taken in +Alaska.</i></div> + +<p>Here is his description of the trip:</p> + +<p>"The journey was a very difficult one. Barren <a name="Page_1560" id="Page_1560"></a><a name="Page_1561" id="Page_1561"></a>mountains whose sides +had been swept bare by blizzards, and ravines which held deep +snowdrifts, had to be crossed. The icy waters of mountain torrents had +to be forded; sometimes a way had to be cut with axes through tangled +undergrowth. The cold was intense, sometimes 73° below zero."</p> + +<p>Though reindeer moss was found in sufficient quantities throughout the +entire trip, at one time the party was storm-bound on the mountains, and +the animals were thirty-six hours without food.</p> + +<p>The hardy creatures suffered no permanent injury from this long fast, +and their skins, thickly covered with long hair, were sufficient to +protect them from the icy blasts.</p> + +<p>With servants such as these to do its bidding, there is every hope that +the Government may be able to send provisions to the unfortunate whalers +before they begin to suffer the pangs of hunger.</p> + +<p>Cheering news has been received from the captain of the whaling-steamer +<i>Devall</i> and the captain of the revenue-cutter <i>Bear</i>, who state that +there are between three hundred and four hundred barrels of flour at the +Point Barrow refuge-station, probably within reach of the men.</p> + +<p>The <i>Bear</i>, which is now at Seattle, has been ordered to prepare for +another Arctic trip, and be ready to push on through the Straits as soon +as the spring conies, and go round to Point Barrow to rescue the +whalers, in case the packing of the ice has crushed and wrecked their +vessels.</p> + +<p>The <i>Bear</i> has a noteworthy Arctic record. It was this vessel which was +sent in search of, and was successful in finding, the Greely +expedition.<a name="Page_1562" id="Page_1562"></a></p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>There is a good deal of discussion on the subject of football just now.</p> + +<p>The fatal accidents which have befallen the players already this season +have led people to think it a brutal sport, and many are setting their +faces against it.</p> + +<p>The legislature of Georgia has forbidden football within the state +limits, and all the prominent colleges in the country are discussing the +idea of prohibiting it.</p> + +<p>Chicago has come to the front as bravely as it did in the crusade +against the high hats in theatres.</p> + +<p>The same alderman who offered the resolution to suppress the hats has +evolved a new one which will make him famous.</p> + +<p>It reads: "An Ordinance to Prohibit the Playing of Football."</p> + +<p>While football is a fine, manly sport, the objectors have good reason on +their side for wishing to suppress it.</p> + +<p>A good many young fellows seem to forget the true sporting spirit in +which they should play the game, and to use it as a means for paying off +old grudges.</p> + +<p>If they cannot rise above their own feelings in the game, the sooner it +is forbidden the better.</p> + +<p>A statement from a noted Harvard Right Tackle has appeared, which is so +shocking to all true sportsmen that they can but feel that Georgia's +example cannot too soon be followed by the other States.</p> + +<p>This statement is in reference to a famous game played in 1889. It says +that in the rival team was a man who had been the Right Tackle's +unsuccessful <a name="Page_1563" id="Page_1563"></a>rival at a preparatory college. In the course of the game +this man walked deliberately up to the Right Tackle, kicked him +severely, then limping off to the umpire, complained that the Harvard +man had kicked him. The Harvard man was ruled out of the game, and as he +left the field his rival again approached him, and said: "I've got even +for that old grudge at —— College." The Harvard man knocked him down, +and that ended the matter.</p> + +<p>It seems incredible that men calling themselves gentlemen should not +only do such things, but speak of them unconcernedly afterward.</p> + +<p>In England, which is the home of football, the game is rough enough, but +kicking or "hacking," as it is called, is not allowed, and the man who +would deliberately strike or seek to injure another in the course of a +game on account of a private grudge would be forced to leave college and +hounded out of society. The love of sport for sport's sake is so well +developed in England that a man would be disgraced for life who would so +far forget himself as to permit any such exhibition as the one quoted +above.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 28em;">G.</span><span class="smcap">H. ROSENFELD</span>.<br /> +<a name="Page_1564" id="Page_1564"></a></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>WORD-BUILDING PRIZE CONTEST.</h2> + + +<div class="blockquot"><i>The Great Round World, 3 and 5 West 18th St., N.Y.</i> + +<p><span class="smcap">Gentlemen</span>: I am in receipt of the kodak camera won +as a prize in the recent contest, and wish to thank you most +heartily for it. It is a gratification to win anything by +the exercise of one's wits, and I shall highly prize the +kodak and appreciate your generosity as well. </p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 25em;">Very cordially yours,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 28em;">H</span><span class="smcap">annah K. Peck.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">M</span><span class="smcap">eriden, Conn.</span>, Nov. 12th, 1897.<br /> +<br /><br /></p> + + +<div class="blockquot"><i>The Great Round World, 3 and 5 West 18th St., N.Y.</i> + +<p><span class="smcap">Gentlemen</span>: My daughter begs to acknowledge with +many thanks the receipt of the pocket kodak, being the +second prize in the recent contest.... </p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 25em;">Very truly yours,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 28em;">E</span><span class="smcap">leanor Du Bois.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;"><i>By</i> C</span><span class="smcap">ornelius Du Bois.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Nov. 13th, 1897.</span><br /> +</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>EDITORIAL NOTE.</h2> + + +<p>There has been so much interest manifested in the Prize Contests that we +are going to continue them, and one is begun this week which should be +very interesting to all our readers.</p> + +<p>See the advertising pages for details and list of prizes, of which, +there are many more than in the other contests.<a name="Page_1565" id="Page_1565"></a></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>INVENTION AND DISCOVERY.</h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Electric Hair-Dryer</span>.—This is an idea that will find favor with +all women who have long hair and dread the long, tedious process of +drying, and the misery and tangles that are a part of the first combing +after the hair is dry.</p> + + +<div class="figcenter"><a href="./images/29.png"><img src="./images/29-tb.png" alt="Hair Dryer" title="Hair Dryer" /></a></div> + +<p>It is an electric hair-dryer, partly comb and partly brush. It is +connected with an electric wire which heats a sliding plate in the +inside. The dryer is passed over the hair, smoothing it and removing the +tangles, and drying it at the same time by means of the heated plate +inside.</p> + +<p>It can be easily adapted to every house where electricity is used, as a +small wire attached to the lights will do the work required.</p> + +<p>The hair-dryer is carefully insulated, and there is no danger of the +user receiving an electric shock.</p> + +<p>The dryer should become a favorite toilet article. The softness and +silkiness of the hair is greatly enhanced by constant washing, and yet +there are many women to whom the dangling of damp locks means a sure +cold in the head and sore throat.<a name="Page_1566" id="Page_1566"></a></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hammer</span>.—Any one who has tried to pull nails with the claw of a +hammer will appreciate this little device which has just been patented.</p> + +<p>The claw end of the hammer is provided with a number of grooves, into +which a little bar fits and locks.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a href="./images/30.png"><img src="./images/30-tb.png" alt="Hammer" title="Hammer" /></a></div> + + +<p>When you go to draw a nail, instead of the half-dozen hit-or-miss slips +that are the usual fate of such attempts, the bar falls down in front of +the nail as the claw grips it from the back. The nail is held in a vise +and must come out willy-nilly.</p> + +<p>This new hammer is likely to save amateur carpenters more worry and +wounded fingers than any contemporary invention.</p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>Footnote</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> This is often written <i>Hapsburg</i>, probably because the <i>b</i> +is pronounced very shortly and sharply, giving it much the sound of <i>p</i>. +<i>Habsburg</i> is, however, correct, as the name is derived from <i>Habicht</i>, +a hawk, and was originally <i>Habichtsburg</i>, the Hawk's Castle, from which +the family derived its name.</p></div></div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 55, November 25, 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + +***** This file should be named 16179-h.htm or 16179-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/1/7/16179/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + +*** END: FULL LICENSE *** + + + +</pre> + +</body> +</html> diff --git a/16179-h/images/14.png b/16179-h/images/14.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..9c1dbf1 --- /dev/null +++ b/16179-h/images/14.png diff --git a/16179-h/images/24.png b/16179-h/images/24.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..7adde42 --- /dev/null +++ b/16179-h/images/24.png diff --git a/16179-h/images/29-tb.png b/16179-h/images/29-tb.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..25927a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/16179-h/images/29-tb.png diff --git a/16179-h/images/29.png b/16179-h/images/29.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff197b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/16179-h/images/29.png diff --git a/16179-h/images/30-tb.png b/16179-h/images/30-tb.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb391b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/16179-h/images/30-tb.png diff --git a/16179-h/images/30.png b/16179-h/images/30.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c810c9f --- /dev/null +++ b/16179-h/images/30.png diff --git a/16179-h/images/8.png b/16179-h/images/8.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..41e4a62 --- /dev/null +++ b/16179-h/images/8.png diff --git a/16179-h/images/title.png b/16179-h/images/title.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..713f088 --- /dev/null +++ b/16179-h/images/title.png diff --git a/16179.txt b/16179.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..89a4300 --- /dev/null +++ b/16179.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1277 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On +In It, Vol. 1, No. 55, November 25, 1897, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 55, November 25, 1897 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop + +Release Date: July 2, 2005 [EBook #16179] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + + + + + + + + + +[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND +WORLD +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.] + + VOL. 1 NOVEMBER 25, 1897. NO. 55 + +=Copyright, 1897, by THE GREAT ROUND WORLD Publishing Company.= + + * * * * * + +This has been an exciting week for Cuban matters. + +We told you that we might expect to hear more from Mr. Taylor's article +on Cuba in _The North American Review_. + +We were quite right in our supposition. + +The Madrid papers took the matter up indignantly, and it has been the +main point of interest during the last few days. + +If you remember, we told you that Mr. Taylor said, in his article, that +Spain did not seem able to settle the difficult Cuban question, and that +in his opinion it was clearly our duty to interfere. + +One of the Spanish Senators, Senor Salvani, wrote an angry letter to the +Madrid papers, in which he said that when Mr. Taylor was minister to +Spain he appeared most anxious to preserve the friendliest relations +between the two countries, and that he repeatedly declared that there +was no fear that the United States would interfere with Cuba. + +On seeing this letter, Mr. Taylor wrote one on his own account to the +American papers. + +In it he said that his experience had been that the Spanish authorities +were unreliable, and according to his way of thinking the only way to +put an end to the war, which was costing this country so much from +destruction to commerce, was for the Government to take a firm stand +with Spain, and insist that if the war wasn't ended by a certain fixed +date we would end it for her. + +To prove the truth of his assertion that Spain was unreliable, he stated +that during the term of his official service in Madrid he had become +convinced that Cuba would never yield, but would fight till her last +drop of blood had been spilled. + +Thinking it a great pity to allow such a valuable property as Cuba to be +allowed to go to ruin, he decided to make an effort to bring the war to +a close. + +He was acquainted with Senor Castelar, who was a close friend of +Canovas, the late Premier. Senor Castelar was President of Spain when it +was a republic, before the young King's father was put on the throne by +the aid of Canovas. At an informal dinner-party at Senor Castelar's, Mr. +Taylor begged the Senor to talk to Canovas, and convince him that the +war in Cuba was only a cruel waste of life and useless waste of money, +as the Cubans would not submit. He asked Senor Castelar to suggest to +Canovas that an attempt to pacify the island should be made by offering +them liberal Home Rule. + +Senor Castelar agreed with Mr. Taylor, and promised to speak to Canovas. + +A few days later he sent word to Mr. Taylor that he had brought Canovas +around to his way of thinking, and that Cuba was to be given Home Rule. + +Mr. Taylor was very happy over the result of his efforts, and shortly +after an offer of Home Rule was made to the Cubans. + +It proved, however, to be Home Rule only in name. Spain was to keep +control of the army, the navy, and the courts; the only privilege given +to the Cubans was to be that of paying taxes to support the Government. + +This offer was not acceptable to Cuba, and nothing further came of it. + +When Mr. Taylor found that this was all the Home Rule Spain meant to +offer the Cubans, he became discouraged, and concluded that Spain did +not mean to do anything for Cuba, and that the offer was not sincerely +made, but merely to gain time in the hope that the Cubans would run +short of ammunition and be obliged to surrender. + +Mr. Taylor has been severely criticised for making these statements. + +The Government in Washington feared that serious trouble might result +therefrom. What Mr. Taylor knew of the matter was learned while he was +acting as an officer of the Government, and it has been thought that he +should not have made his knowledge public. + +The most alarming rumors grew out of the disclosures. People feared that +war would be the result, and for a few hours there was a war scare. +Prices of stocks fell, and one enterprising paper got out a "special," +stating that war had been declared, because Spain had claimed the right +to search American vessels on the high seas for arms, or what is called +contraband of war. + +The spread of the alarm was increased by a report that the Chamber of +Commerce had once again issued a warning to the Government that the +harbor defences of New York city were not strong enough, and had asked +that they be strengthened. + +Twice before in the history of our country that body has warned +Congress: once before the outbreak of the Revolution, and again just +before the Civil War. + +As the members of the Chamber of Commerce had been right on both of the +previous occasions, the people looked on them as prophets, and a war +scare spread over the country, which caused the greatest uneasiness. + +The feelings of the people were, however, calmed by an announcement from +Washington that there was not the slightest cause for alarm. The +governments in Washington and Madrid understood each other perfectly, +and President McKinley intended to allow the promised reforms time to +take effect before he even considered the idea of interference. In the +announcement it was added that the warning from the Chamber of Commerce +would be taken into consideration, but that there was in it nothing to +throw the country into a panic. + +The sudden fall in stocks was declared to be a trick on the part of some +Wall Street speculators, and to mean nothing more serious than that a +few sharp men had made money out of a good many foolish ones. + +In regard to the threatened searching of American vessels--an action +which would certainly oblige us to declare war on Spain--it was stated +by those in authority that Spain does not contemplate any such course. + +American vessels have a perfect right to carry arms to Cuba and fulfil +any orders they may receive for such goods, as long as Spain persists in +saying that war does not exist in the island. It is only when men +accompany the arms that Spain has a right to protest; otherwise it is a +mere carrying of merchandise from one port to another. + +It is felt that while Spain has cause for anger against the American +sympathisers who have sent over so many filibusters, she has none +against the United States Government, which has done everything in its +power to prevent the despatching of these unlawful expeditions. + + * * * * * + +Before he left Havana Weyler made a speech in which he is reported to +have made remarks which have annoyed the Spanish Government. This +appears to have created trouble for him. + +The Spanish ministers have talked the matter over, and decided to demand +an explanation from the ex-Captain-General. + +The commanders of each of the ports in the Spanish kingdom have been +instructed to ask the General what these remarks were the moment he sets +his foot on Spanish soil, wherever that may be. If his statement agrees +with the reports of his speech, he will immediately be arrested and +tried by court-martial. + +The particular remark reported which so offended the Government was in +reference to his being certain that no other minister would keep him in +office after the death of Canovas. + +General Blanco is endeavoring to establish his government in Havana. + +He is not having an easy time of it, however. The Spanish ministers were +led to believe that there were a great number of Cubans who were +desirous of seeing Home Rule established, and who would come to the +assistance of Spain if she attempted to do this. + +One of the proposed changes was that certain of the offices should be +filled by Cubans. From the accounts given. General Blanco expected to +find no difficulty in getting the Cubans to serve under him. + +To his dismay he has found that the reported strong Home Rule party does +not exist, and that the Cubans decline the honors offered them. He had +to threaten one man with banishment from Cuba before he could persuade +him to take any part in the establishment of the reforms. + + * * * * * + +The war is being actively pursued all over the island. General Garcia +has, it is said, captured Holguin and Mayari in Santiago de Cuba. + +At Pinar del Rio City the insurgents defeated the Spanish troops and +took from them some guns and a large store of ammunition. + +It is said that a million dollars, sent over to pay the Spanish army, +has mysteriously disappeared from Havana's treasury, and the soldiers +are extremely indignant over it. + +The desperate want of money among the troops is leading to some very +reprehensible acts, if we are to believe what we hear. + +It seems that some soldiers brought their colonel word that they knew +where they could lay hands on $14,000, and they said that if they were +allowed to go and seize it they would bring it to the colonel to pay +the regiment, which otherwise would mutiny. + +The colonel allowed his men to set off on their shameful expedition, and +learned that sure enough they had obtained the money. What was his +surprise and indignation to find that, instead of bringing it to him, +they had deserted to the Cubans with their booty. + +While the promised reforms are being put into practice without delay, +the new Captain-General is, it is said, making active preparations for +war. The winter campaign against the rebels is to begin at once, and it +is believed that severe fighting is ahead. + +It remains to be seen whether the soldiers will do better under General +Blanco's leadership than they did under Weyler. + + * * * * * + +You will be interested to know that the trial of the _Competitor_ +prisoners takes place in Havana this week. + +The Spanish Government evidently wishes to settle this matter, which has +been a grave source of difficulty between Madrid and Washington. + +Under General Weyler's rule it was impossible to get these men tried, +but Blanco has brought orders that they be tried immediately, and it is +rumored that if they are found guilty they will be pardoned on condition +that they leave Cuba and never return to it. + +The _Competitor_ case was explained to you in No. 40 of THE GREAT ROUND +WORLD. Briefly, she was a schooner engaged in a filibustering +expedition, and was overhauled and captured by the Spaniards. All the +persons on board escaped but five, three of whom were sailing the ship, +and claimed to be American citizens. + +The defence made by these men was that the filibustering party had taken +passage for Florida, and had given no indication of being engaged in any +unlawful pursuit till the vessel was out of sight of land, when they +took possession of her, and forced the captain to carry them over to +Cuba. + +[Illustration: Cuba] + +This defence was not believed, and the men were sentenced to death. Our +Government interfered on account of their being American citizens. A +protest was sent to Spain, and a new trial was ordered. This was over a +year ago, but by one means or another Weyler always contrived to prevent +it. + +It is reported that this _Competitor_ case was one of the main objects +of General Woodford's mission, and that the pardon of these unfortunate +prisoners is in response to the President's request. + +If all we hear is true, the _Competitor_ prisoners will only be a few of +the many persons whom General Blanco has been authorized to pardon. It +is said that all persons prosecuted for rebellion, and all rebels +accused of other crimes, are to be pardoned by the new Captain-General. + +This clemency does not, however, meet with the approval of the Cubans. +The pardon states that it is extended to all those whose crimes are +against the state, but not to those criminals who should be punished by +military law. It therefore amounts to little more than the releasing of +the prisoners who are in the jails; the insurgents who have taken up +arms against Spain have all been declared outlaws, and their crimes are +punishable by military law, so the pardon does not apply to the soldiers +who are or have been fighting in the war, and they are liable to be put +to death for outlawry whenever caught. + + * * * * * + +Reference was made, in THE GREAT ROUND WORLD No. 49, to the disgraceful +proceedings which were taking place in the Austrian Parliament. + +Unfortunately the members of that legislature have not yet seen the +shame of their conduct, but have continued to grow more violent and add +to their scandalous behavior in every possible way. + +The use of the Czech and Magyar languages by the officials in Bohemia +and Hungary has again been under discussion, and the scenes that have +occurred in the Austrian Parliament day after day are almost beyond +belief. + +Instead of discussing the matter in hand, the deputies fell to calling +each other names like a lot of vulgar street-boys, and would eventually +have fought if a few of the cooler-headed members had not forcibly +restrained them. + +When the din would reach its highest point, the President would adjourn +the meetings; but frequently the uproar was so great that the deputies +did not know that he had done so. + +These scenes have continued for over a week. On one occasion when a +member rose to speak on the Austro-Hungarian compact, which is also +unpopular in the House, Herr Wolff, the young Bohemian who recently +fought a duel with Count Badeni, the Prime Minister, began to pound +loudly on the lid of his desk, and calling his friends to aid him, sang, +shouted, and read from the newspaper at the top of his voice, until, +after an hour and a half of confusion, the member who was trying to +speak gave up the attempt in despair. + +At the present moment there are three important matters which have to be +considered by the Parliament, all of which have their bitter opponents. +One is the language question, another the calling to account of the +Prime Minister for the various acts which have displeased the people, +and the third is the important question of renewing the Austro-Hungarian +compact. + +We told you in an earlier number that this was an agreement by which +Hungary paid thirty per cent. of the money needed by the Government, and +Austria the remaining seventy per cent. + +Before we go any further into this matter, we had perhaps better explain +to you the government that binds Austria and Hungary together. + +The two countries are united under the rule of one monarch, who is +known as Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary. + +The two countries are linked together by certain common interests, but +each is governed by its own constitution, which is in both cases a +limited monarchy. This means that the power of the sovereign is limited +by certain rules and laws laid down for him in the constitution. + +Austria and Hungary each have their separate parliaments, and the +decisions of both these legislatures require the consent of the Emperor +and King before they can be made laws. + +Each country has its own Premier and Cabinet, and to manage the affairs +common to both countries there is a third parliament, as it were, +composed of members from Hungary and Austria. + +This body is appointed for a year, and meets alternately at Vienna, the +capital of Austria, and Buda Pesth, the twin capital of Hungary, a city +which lies half on one bank of the Danube and half on the other. It is +the duty of these lawgivers to consider the matters that concern the +affairs of both countries equally. + +There are three state departments, whose officers are responsible for +their work to the Delegations, as the third body of lawgivers is called. + +These officers are the Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Whole +Monarchy, the Minister of War for the Whole Monarchy, and the Minister +of Finance for the Whole Monarchy. + +These facts may seem a little hard and uninteresting to you, but it is +as well to try to master them. It looks as if we were going to hear a +great deal about Austria this winter, and it will be so much easier for +us to understand the events as they happen if we have mastered the +peculiar form of government under which these two peoples are joined. + +It might perhaps simplify the subject to you if you realize that this +government is really somewhat like our own. Austria and Hungary might be +any two of our own States--say Pennsylvania and New York, for instance. +The Emperor, the two parliaments, and the third body which regulates the +matters in common for both countries, might be our President, the state +legislatures, and Congress. Of course there are points of difference +between the two governments, but to take this as a general plan will +help you to form an idea of what the Government of Austro-Hungary is. + +On page 1012 of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD we told you about Turkey and +Austria fighting for Hungary, and how since 1527 Hungary had been a part +of the possessions of the House of Habsburg.[A] + +FOOTNOTES: + +[Footnote A: This is often written _Hapsburg_, probably because the _b_ +is pronounced very shortly and sharply, giving it much the sound of _p_. +_Habsburg_ is, however, correct, as the name is derived from _Habicht_, +a hawk, and was originally _Habichtsburg_, the Hawk's Castle, from which +the family derived its name.] + +There have been many revolts and uprisings in Hungary against the +Austrian rule, and in 1867 the present arrangement was made, whereby +Hungary paid thirty per cent. of the joint expenses of government. The +compact, as it is called, was made for ten years. In 1877 and 1887 it +was renewed for another period of ten years. Now in 1897 it must be +renewed again. + +Austria thinks Hungary is now in a position to pay a larger proportion +of the expenses, but Hungary cannot see the force of this at all. She +is, however, willing to make a fresh compact for one year, during which +time the whole matter can be thoroughly discussed. + +The attempt to get the compact arranged for the one year offered has +been one of the causes of the trouble in the Reichsrath, or Parliament. + +The Austrians do not want to renew the agreement unless they can get +better terms, the Hungarians will not pay any more, and the Bohemians +are opposed to every motion that is made, because they insist that their +own grievance about the language shall be settled before any other +business is done. + +In consequence of this, the Austrian Parliament has become a +bear-garden. + +Mr. Clemens (Mark Twain), who happened to be in Vienna during these +uproarious sittings of Parliament, and witnessed one of them, declared +that the nearest approach to such a riot in his experience was the +lynching of a man out West for stealing a horse--but even that was a +mild scene compared to the proceedings of the Parliament. + +While Mr. Clemens was watching, an Austrian member tried to speak on the +Hungarian question; whereupon Mr. Wolff, the Bohemian member, began to +slam the lid of his desk and then pound it with a ruler. A scuffle +ensued in the attempt to wrench off the lid of the desk, during all of +which the Austrian member continued to speak, it being utterly +impossible to hear one word of what he was saying, because of the uproar +made by the rest of these dignified lawgivers. + +[Illustration: THE START OF THE ANDREE BALLOON.] + +The haughty Hungarians have naturally become highly indignant over this +conduct, and there have been stormy times in the Hungarian Parliament. + +Francis Kossuth, a son of Louis Kossuth, the famous Hungarian patriot, +is a member of the Lower House of the Hungarian Parliament. He created a +sensation by demanding that Hungary should cut herself free from Austria +and once more become an independent kingdom, as Austria did not seem to +desire the renewal of the compact. + +Baron Banffy, the Hungarian Premier, at once replied that the union of +Austria and Hungary was complete, and a separation was impossible, and +even were it not so, he could not contemplate the idea of turning +Austria's troubles to the advantage of Hungary. + +While the Austrian Parliament behaves in such a scandalous manner, no +business can be transacted, and the matters of vital importance to the +welfare of the country have to be laid aside because of the disorderly +conduct of the Parliament. + +The Emperor, Francis Joseph, is so disgusted with the way in which the +deputies are abusing the privilege of helping to govern their country, +that he threatens to suspend the constitution and act without the +Parliament. + +At present, it being a limited monarchy, he can only make laws by the +will and consent of the people. + +There is, however, a clause in the Austrian Constitution, an emergency +clause, known as Article XIV., which in case of need gives the Emperor +the right to suspend the constitution and act on his own +responsibility. + +The necessity of coming to a decision on the Hungarian question has +become so great that the ministers are of the opinion that the Emperor +will have to use this privilege. The Minister of Finance therefore +uttered a warning to the members of the Parliament, telling them that +they had better not drive the Government too far, as there was the +gravest danger of the Emperor insisting upon exercising this right. + +The latest despatches say that the published reports give but a slight +idea of the grave trouble that is underlying this matter. It is feared +that a revolution may be the result, and that martial law will have to +be proclaimed in Bohemia this winter to quell the language riots. + +There was great indignation in the Parliament when the warning of the +Minister of Finance was announced; and grave as it seems thus to deprive +the people of their rights, something must soon be done to bring the +deputies to their senses. The warring factions in the Reichsrath have +learned that if they cannot obtain the laws they wish to have for +themselves, they can at least prevent laws from being made for others, +and so they have brought the affairs of Parliament to a deadlock. + +The latest news is that the House has been adjourned for a period of +four days. If the members continue to act as before when the House +reassembles, the probabilities are that the Emperor will suspend the +constitution and take from the people the right of making laws until +they prove worthy of the privilege. + +While this course may bring the Austrian Parliament to order, it is +likely to throw the Hungarians into still greater disorder. + +Francis Kossuth, on hearing of the Emperor's intentions, announced that +he would fight to the death rather than allow Hungary to accept a +compact made with the Emperor alone, and without the consent of the +Austrian Parliament. + + * * * * * + +You will be glad to know that Japan and Hawaii are likely to come to a +friendly settlement of their differences. + +You will remember that it was suggested that the matter of the exclusion +of the emigrants should be decided by arbitration. + +When, however, the time came for Japan to state the points she was +willing to submit to arbitration, she refused to allow the possession of +the $50 to be discussed. + +This, as you will recollect, was the whole point of the disagreement. + +Hawaii refused to accept the immigrants because it came to her knowledge +that the steamship company furnished them with contracts, and loaned +them the $50 required by law to enable them to pass the custom-house. +The contracts were worthless, and the $50 was returned immediately on +landing. + +The Japanese Government in Tokio has come to the very wise and pleasant +decision that the proper thing for it to do is to submit the whole case +to the arbitrators and not enter into any conflict with Hawaii. + +Up to the present time the letters sent by the Japanese Government have +been of such a nature that they warranted the belief that Japan was +ready to declare war on us on account of Hawaii. + +In the present communications, however, the entire tone has changed. +They are friendly and pleasant, and appear to desire to preserve +friendly relations with us. + +This should be especially pleasing, for the Japanese are a fine, +vigorous race of people, whom we cannot but admire for their spirited +conduct in their war with China. It would be a pity if we were forced to +regard them in an unfriendly light. + +It is reported that the reason for the change is that the Government has +discovered that the information forwarded to it was misleading and +calculated to give a wrong impression. + +It is hinted that the Japanese minister in this country is the innocent +cause of the trouble. It seems that he became very intimate with the son +of Claus Spreckels, the Hawaiian Sugar King. + +Young Mr. Spreckels had of course his own ideas about Hawaiian matters, +and told them to the Japanese minister. This official felt that Mr. +Spreckels must be thoroughly well acquainted with Sandwich Island +affairs, and accepted all that he said as fact without attempting to +investigate for himself. + +He should not have done this, because, hard though it is for us to +realize it sometimes, there are always two sides to every question, and +all of us, even the fairest-minded, find it difficult to see both sides +with equal clearness and justice. + +With the best intentions it was impossible for Mr. Spreckels to look at +matters from a disinterested standpoint, and the minister should have +grasped this fact, instead of sending as facts to his Government +statements that were merely the views of an interested party. + +As it was, the Government in Tokio was told that there was not the +slightest fear of the United States annexing Hawaii, that it was all +talk and would never amount to anything, and that Japan could go ahead +and force her immigrants on Hawaii without interference. + +As a matter of fact, it now appears that Japan had no hostile plans in +sending her immigrants to Hawaii. + +While it is true that many of these men were soldiers, it is stated by +those who have studied the matter that they were not soldiers in the +regular Japanese army, but men who had fought in the war with China. + +The enormous strides which Japan has made since the war, and which have +roused the admiration of all her sister nations, cannot have been +accomplished without changes in the thoughts and habits of the Japanese +people. + +It seems that the progressive spirit which the war awakened made the +Japanese restless; the soldiers who had been serving in the field could +not readily settle down to the old ways of life. They wanted fresh +worlds to conquer. + +The Government, realizing that something must be done with this restless +element, instituted and encouraged the idea of emigration. There +appeared to be a great demand for such people in Hawaii, and therefore +the emigration to the Sandwich Islands was commenced. It would perhaps +have been wiser to send the people to the recently acquired island of +Formosa, but the march of progress had not yet reached this island, +while the Americanized Hawaiian Islands offered inducements which the +newly awakened Japanese ambition craved for. + +Be that as it may, it now seems certain that there was no more serious +motive in sending emigrants to Hawaii than the endeavor of Japan to find +occupation for her surplus population. + +The determined stand taken by the Hawaiian Government, and the absolute +certainty that the United States would uphold it, finally opened the +eyes of the Japanese to their mistake. The minister was recalled after +inquiries had been instituted, and the attitude of the Japanese +representatives in Hawaii was changed from haughty displeasure to the +utmost friendliness. + +The outcome of the whole matter has been a pleasantly worded letter from +Japan, in which she consents to submit the whole immigration +question--contract, $50, and all--to arbitration. + +It is extremely gratifying to all lovers of peace to find that one more +national misunderstanding has been settled without resorting to the +horrors and cruelties of war. + + * * * * * + +News comes that the month of reflection given to the Manchester +cotton-workers, before the reduction of wages was to go into effect, has +borne good fruit. + +Instead of going on strike and causing distress to themselves and +disaster to the masters, the workmen have decided to submit the matter +to arbitration. + +If it is proved to their satisfaction that the masters are really paying +higher wages than the state of the business permits, they will submit to +the reduction. + +They want to be assured that the masters are telling them the truth, and +for this no one can blame them. Five per cent. of their earnings is too +much to be given up unless it is absolutely necessary. + +This settlement is another triumph for arbitration. + + * * * * * + +The treaty entered into by the Russian, Japanese, and United States +sealing commissioners has been signed. + +The treaty prohibits deep-sea sealing in waters controlled by them. + +The treaty does not apply (so far as Great Britain is concerned) to the +Bering Sea. By the treaty of Paris this sea was declared to be an open +sea, free to all at a certain distance from the coast; therefore Great +Britain can indulge in deep-sea sealing in those waters if she pleases. + +It is hoped, however, that England's love of justice will convince her +that there must be some truth in the statement about the decrease of the +seal herd, and not wishing to be the only country engaged in improper +sealing, she will eventually add her signature to the treaty. + +This seems the more likely as it is reported that at the sealing +conference with Great Britain, which follows the Russo-Japanese +conference, Sir Wilfrid Laurier, the Canadian Premier, will endeavor to +settle the disputed matters satisfactorily. + +The Canadian Premier has always desired to maintain the most friendly +relations with us, and though he has given no hint of his intentions on +the sealing question, it is understood that he means to reach an +amicable understanding with us. + +It is also said that he intends to see the President while he is in +Washington, and if possible clear away all the existing difficulties +between Canada and the United States. + +The sealing trouble is only one of the matters which need arranging. +There is the Kootenay affair, the Klondike question, and a number of +other fishery and tariff differences. + + * * * * * + +Our Government will soon have an opportunity of testing the value of the +reindeer which have been imported into Alaska. + +A number of whaling-vessels are fast in the ice off the coast of Alaska, +and it is necessary to send food to the sailors on them to save them +from starvation. + +These ships went up through the Bering Sea this summer to ply their +dangerous trade as usual. The winter set in earlier than usual, and +eight of them have been caught in the ice off Point Barrow, which is on +the north of Alaska, jutting out into the Arctic Ocean. + +There are about two hundred and seventy-five men on these vessels. Not +expecting to spend the winter in the Arctic Ocean, they were not +prepared for such an emergency, and none of them carried more than a +three-months' supply of food. The gravest fears are entertained lest +they die of starvation. + +The matter was brought to the attention of the President, who +immediately called a Cabinet council, at which it was decided to send a +relief expedition to these men. + +The plan is to charter a steam-whaler, the _Thrasher_, which is now at +San Francisco, and send her with provisions and clothing to Port +Clarence, which you will find marked just below Cape Prince of Wales, +the most easterly point of our continent, which bounds the Bering +Straits on the American side. + +If it is impossible to get so far north as this, it is proposed to put +in at Norton Sound, on which St. Michaels is situated, the port which +has come into so much prominence lately through the discovery of gold on +the Klondike. + +Whichever of these points can be reached, it is purposed to send the +provisions across Alaska to Point Barrow by reindeer. + +There is a reindeer station at Point Clarence, and so it would be better +to reach this spot if possible; but the captain of the revenue-cutter +_Bear_, which cruises in Alaskan waters, says that there is too much ice +already for it to be possible to reach either Port Clarence or St. +Michaels. + +The reindeer will, however, be used when other means of travelling are +impossible, and they will bring the supplies to the imprisoned whalers. + +There are at present eleven hundred head of deer in Alaska, all in a +healthy and thriving condition. + +Last December, the superintendent of the reindeer station at Port +Clarence thought he would try and see just how useful these beasts could +be made, and whether it would be possible, by their aid, to establish +communication between Arctic Alaska and civilization. + +He took with him nine sleds, seventeen reindeer, and two Lapp teamsters. + +[Illustration: REINDEER TEAM. _From Photograph Taken in Alaska._] + +Here is his description of the trip: + +"The journey was a very difficult one. Barren mountains whose sides +had been swept bare by blizzards, and ravines which held deep +snowdrifts, had to be crossed. The icy waters of mountain torrents had +to be forded; sometimes a way had to be cut with axes through tangled +undergrowth. The cold was intense, sometimes 73 deg. below zero." + +Though reindeer moss was found in sufficient quantities throughout the +entire trip, at one time the party was storm-bound on the mountains, and +the animals were thirty-six hours without food. + +The hardy creatures suffered no permanent injury from this long fast, +and their skins, thickly covered with long hair, were sufficient to +protect them from the icy blasts. + +With servants such as these to do its bidding, there is every hope that +the Government may be able to send provisions to the unfortunate whalers +before they begin to suffer the pangs of hunger. + +Cheering news has been received from the captain of the whaling-steamer +_Devall_ and the captain of the revenue-cutter _Bear_, who state that +there are between three hundred and four hundred barrels of flour at the +Point Barrow refuge-station, probably within reach of the men. + +The _Bear_, which is now at Seattle, has been ordered to prepare for +another Arctic trip, and be ready to push on through the Straits as soon +as the spring conies, and go round to Point Barrow to rescue the +whalers, in case the packing of the ice has crushed and wrecked their +vessels. + +The _Bear_ has a noteworthy Arctic record. It was this vessel which was +sent in search of, and was successful in finding, the Greely +expedition. + + * * * * * + +There is a good deal of discussion on the subject of football just now. + +The fatal accidents which have befallen the players already this season +have led people to think it a brutal sport, and many are setting their +faces against it. + +The legislature of Georgia has forbidden football within the state +limits, and all the prominent colleges in the country are discussing the +idea of prohibiting it. + +Chicago has come to the front as bravely as it did in the crusade +against the high hats in theatres. + +The same alderman who offered the resolution to suppress the hats has +evolved a new one which will make him famous. + +It reads: "An Ordinance to Prohibit the Playing of Football." + +While football is a fine, manly sport, the objectors have good reason on +their side for wishing to suppress it. + +A good many young fellows seem to forget the true sporting spirit in +which they should play the game, and to use it as a means for paying off +old grudges. + +If they cannot rise above their own feelings in the game, the sooner it +is forbidden the better. + +A statement from a noted Harvard Right Tackle has appeared, which is so +shocking to all true sportsmen that they can but feel that Georgia's +example cannot too soon be followed by the other States. + +This statement is in reference to a famous game played in 1889. It says +that in the rival team was a man who had been the Right Tackle's +unsuccessful rival at a preparatory college. In the course of the game +this man walked deliberately up to the Right Tackle, kicked him +severely, then limping off to the umpire, complained that the Harvard +man had kicked him. The Harvard man was ruled out of the game, and as he +left the field his rival again approached him, and said: "I've got even +for that old grudge at ---- College." The Harvard man knocked him down, +and that ended the matter. + +It seems incredible that men calling themselves gentlemen should not +only do such things, but speak of them unconcernedly afterward. + +In England, which is the home of football, the game is rough enough, but +kicking or "hacking," as it is called, is not allowed, and the man who +would deliberately strike or seek to injure another in the course of a +game on account of a private grudge would be forced to leave college and +hounded out of society. The love of sport for sport's sake is so well +developed in England that a man would be disgraced for life who would so +far forget himself as to permit any such exhibition as the one quoted +above. + + G.H. ROSENFELD. + + + + +WORD-BUILDING PRIZE CONTEST. + + + _The Great Round World, 3 and 5 West 18th St., N.Y._ + + GENTLEMEN: I am in receipt of the kodak camera won as a + prize in the recent contest, and wish to thank you most + heartily for it. It is a gratification to win anything by + the exercise of one's wits, and I shall highly prize the + kodak and appreciate your generosity as well. + + Very cordially yours, + HANNAH K. PECK. + MERIDEN, CONN., Nov. 12th, 1897. + + + _The Great Round World, 3 and 5 West 18th St., N.Y._ + + GENTLEMEN: My daughter begs to acknowledge with many thanks + the receipt of the pocket kodak, being the second prize in + the recent contest.... + + Very truly yours, + ELEANOR DU BOIS. + _By_ CORNELIUS DU BOIS. + Nov. 13th, 1897. + + + + +EDITORIAL NOTE. + + +There has been so much interest manifested in the Prize Contests that we +are going to continue them, and one is begun this week which should be +very interesting to all our readers. + +See the advertising pages for details and list of prizes, of which, +there are many more than in the other contests. + + + + +INVENTION AND DISCOVERY. + + +ELECTRIC HAIR-DRYER.--This is an idea that will find favor with all +women who have long hair and dread the long, tedious process of drying, +and the misery and tangles that are a part of the first combing after +the hair is dry. + +[Illustration: Hair Dryer] + +It is an electric hair-dryer, partly comb and partly brush. It is +connected with an electric wire which heats a sliding plate in the +inside. The dryer is passed over the hair, smoothing it and removing the +tangles, and drying it at the same time by means of the heated plate +inside. + +It can be easily adapted to every house where electricity is used, as a +small wire attached to the lights will do the work required. + +The hair-dryer is carefully insulated, and there is no danger of the +user receiving an electric shock. + +The dryer should become a favorite toilet article. The softness and +silkiness of the hair is greatly enhanced by constant washing, and yet +there are many women to whom the dangling of damp locks means a sure +cold in the head and sore throat. + +HAMMER.--Any one who has tried to pull nails with the claw of a hammer +will appreciate this little device which has just been patented. + +The claw end of the hammer is provided with a number of grooves, into +which a little bar fits and locks. + +[Illustration: Hammer] + +When you go to draw a nail, instead of the half-dozen hit-or-miss slips +that are the usual fate of such attempts, the bar falls down in front of +the nail as the claw grips it from the back. The nail is held in a vise +and must come out willy-nilly. + +This new hammer is likely to save amateur carpenters more worry and +wounded fingers than any contemporary invention. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 55, November 25, 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + +***** This file should be named 16179.txt or 16179.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/1/7/16179/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + +*** END: FULL LICENSE *** + diff --git a/16179.zip b/16179.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2e3ed95 --- /dev/null +++ b/16179.zip diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..de7f1cf --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #16179 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/16179) |
