diff options
Diffstat (limited to '16177.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | 16177.txt | 1308 |
1 files changed, 1308 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/16177.txt b/16177.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..902549a --- /dev/null +++ b/16177.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1308 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On +In It, Vol. 1, No. 54, November 18, 1897, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 54, November 18, 1897 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop + +Release Date: July 2, 2005 [EBook #16177] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + + + + + +[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND +WORLD +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.] + + VOL. 1 NOVEMBER 18, 1897. NO. 54 + +=Copyright, 1897, by THE GREAT ROUND WORLD Publishing Company.= + + * * * * * + +The mayor of the city of Greater New York is Judge Robert A. Van Wyck. + +New York city has just been passing through the most exciting election +that has fallen to her lot since she became a city. + +This being the first election since the passing of the charter which +made New York the second largest city in the world, each political party +has been trying to get a man in for mayor who represented its own +especial way of thinking. + +You will remember our telling you about the passing of the charter last +spring, and remarking that the man who would be made mayor of this great +city would have to rule over nearly three and a half millions of people. +He will also have to appoint officers of the government whose salaries +will amount to five hundred thousand dollars a year, and to control New +York's yearly income, which will amount to more than sixty millions of +the people's money. + +On January 1st, 1898, Greater New York will embrace Staten Island, the +whole of Brooklyn as far down the Bay as Rockaway Beach, extend as far +north as Yonkers, and stretch across the country to the Sound, which it +will cross to take in Queens County on Long Island. + +In the recent election one of the principal candidates for the mayoralty +was Mr. Seth Low, the president of Columbia University, who was mayor of +the city of Brooklyn in 1881, and was re-elected to the same office in +1883. Besides Mr. Low there were Gen. Benjamin F. Tracy, who was +Secretary of the Navy under President Harrison in 1889, Robert A. Van +Wyck, chief judge of the city court, and Mr. Henry George. + +The contest was a very lively one, and each man who thus offered his +services to his city had to endure a severe course of the abuse which it +is the fashion nowadays to heap on any man who puts himself before the +public gaze. + +Accusations have been brought by each party against the others, until, +to the unprejudiced outsider, it has seemed as if none of the candidates +selected was fit to hold office at all. + +Judge Van Wyck and General Tracy have been accused of being so much +under the rule of their party leaders that they could not possibly give +New York honest government. Mr. Seth Low has been declared to be such an +autocrat that he would rule the city according to his own ideas, were +they good or bad. Mr. George was called a visionary person, who would +turn the world upside down if ever he came into power. These were, of +course, the opinions of the candidates' enemies. To their friends each +of them was felt to be the one man for whom the city had been waiting, +and whose election would insure the best possible government at the +lowest possible cost to the people. + +You may judge for yourselves that all these opinions could not possibly +be true; and that therefore the candidates, as well as their parties, +must have had their good sides and their bad sides. We can only hope +that Judge Van Wyck, who was elected to the position by a very large +majority, may prove to be the best man for the place. + +A very sad and painful turn was given to the election by the sudden +death of Mr. Henry George, one of the candidates. + +Mr. George was a man who had made a world-wide reputation for himself as +the originator of the Single-Tax system. + +The Single Tax is rather a hard matter for you to understand. + +In brief, it was Mr. George's belief that poverty could be done away +with, and every man placed in a position where he could earn a +comfortable income, by abolishing all taxes upon industry and the +products of industry, and substituting one single tax on land. The +land-owners would then be the only persons taxed, and, according to Mr. +George's theory, the land tax would be so heavy that it would prevent +the men who do not want to use the land from keeping it out of the hands +of the many who would like to have it for homes or raising crops. There +being no longer any other taxes, the cost of living would be greatly +lessened, and every man would be able to earn enough to support his +family in comfort--and poverty would be at an end. + +It is claimed for Mr. George's theory that no one has been able to find +an argument which disproves it; but at the same time it has not yet been +proved by practical use, and to many people it seems only a wonderful +idea which can never be brought into working order. + +Be that as it may, Henry George was one of the really great men of our +century; and while the troubles between labor and capital exist, he can +never be forgotten. + +Mr. George did not go into the campaign from any desire of personal gain +or profit. He felt that it was a critical moment in the history of the +city, and he ran for the mayoralty of Greater New York because he +thought he was needed by the people whom he so greatly loved. + +The cause of the people was ever nearest his heart, and to benefit them +he willingly gave up the comfort of his quiet home, and the labor in +which he found his greatest pleasure, the writing of a book on the +"Science of Political Economy," which he had hoped would prove a greater +work than his famous "Progress and Poverty." + +Mr. George was not, however, strong enough to stand the strain and worry +of a political campaign. His health gave way under it. + +The night before his death he overtaxed his strength by speaking in +several different places, making several tiring speeches on the same +evening, and hurrying from one meeting to be in time for the next. Worn +out by the burdens which he was not strong enough to bear, he passed +away in his sleep, stricken with apoplexy. + +Rich and poor alike mourn the loss of this great man. On the Sunday +after his death his body lay in state in New York that the people whom +he had loved so well might bid good-by to their friend. For hours they +passed by his bier; rich and poor, young and old followed each other in +the long line. + +At the funeral services which were held later, many ministers of +different sects and religions combined in the praise of the great and +good man who had passed away in the act of doing his duty. + + * * * * * + +The establishing of Home Rule in Cuba does not seem as near as the +Spaniards would have us believe. An official who understands the ins and +outs of Spanish policy declares that it will be fully a year before the +proposed reforms can be put into working order. + +At the present moment there is a general election taking place in Spain, +and until this is settled nothing will be done in regard to Cuban +reforms. + +As soon as the elections are over, the Colonial Minister will prepare +the bill which will give Home Rule to Cuba. The bill will then be sent +to the Cortes, where it must be discussed by both the Upper and Lower +Houses before it can become a law. It may take many months before the +members can agree on such an important measure as this will be. + +When it has finally passed the Cortes, it must be sent to the Queen, who +will look it over at her leisure, and sign it if she thinks fit. + +Even after her signature is affixed the Cortes has the power to lay the +measure aside and prevent its ever becoming a law. + +It is therefore hinted in Cuba that the offers of reform may after all +mean nothing but an endeavor to gain time, and prevent the United States +from going to the assistance of Cuba. + +The reforms offered are not at all acceptable to Cubans, because they +find that they will be expected to pay the whole of the debt caused by +the war, which now amounts to nearly six hundred million dollars. +Furthermore, the captain-general who will rule over the island as +governor will have the right to veto every act of the legislature. The +Cubans therefore feel that the Home Rule offered is not a genuine reform +which will bring them relief from the abuses from which they rebelled +against Spain, but a sort of game, invented to keep them good tempered, +which is as unlike real Home Rule as playing with a doll is unlike +nursing a real baby. + +It is stated that the Cuban people in the field and in the cities do not +believe in the offered Home Rule, and are determined not to accept it. + +A proclamation to that effect has come from Cuba. It is signed by +Calixto Garcia, Maximo Gomez, and Domingo Mendez Capote,--which, by the +way, looks as if the report was true that Garcia had been elected +commander-in-chief of the army, Gomez, minister of war, and Capote, +president of Cuba; else why should they sign the proclamation, which is +an official document? + +General Gomez has also issued another statement in which he says that +the change in the Spanish Government will not affect the Cuban plans in +the least. The Cubans, he says, are fighting for liberty, and liberty +they will have. They scornfully refuse the Spanish offers of Home Rule, +believing them to be insincere and misleading. + +Gomez further declares that the army has been making great preparations +for the coming winter campaign, and expects to show the mother-country, +by force of arms, that Cuba will have nothing from her but freedom. + + * * * * * + +General Weyler has left Cuba, and General Ramon Blanco has taken command +in his place. + +The demonstrations so much feared by the Americans and Cubans in Havana +occurred in spite of all the efforts to prevent them, but, happily such +excellent precautions were taken that no rioting ensued. + +There were a few cries of "Death to the Americans," but a strong guard +had been placed over our consulate, and so no attack was made on it. + +A report was circulated that the American cruiser _Montgomery_ was +outside the harbor, and so the Americans were not interfered with. They +wisely kept within doors during the whole day, and everything passed off +peaceably. + +The city itself went wild over its beloved General. The stores were +closed, the streets decorated, rockets were fired, and immense crowds +gathered round the palace to bid Weyler farewell. The General went from +the palace to the wharf on foot, the crowds pressing round him, shaking +his hand, and even kissing him, cheering him to the echo as he embarked. + +The Government in Spain sincerely wished to prevent the demonstration. +The ministry desired to give the impression that Weyler had been +recalled from Cuba because his rule had not been satisfactory to Spain. +The Prime Minister therefore feared that if the Spaniards in Cuba +gathered round Weyler and praised his rule--which had been so +bloodthirsty and savage,--the Cubans would be still more enraged against +Spain, and less inclined to believe that she really meant to give them +the promised reforms. + +To prevent any show of feeling, word was cabled from Spain that Weyler +was on no account to leave the island until General Blanco arrived. + +Weyler must have thought this to mean that Blanco had orders to forbid +any demonstration, and so, in direct defiance to the orders he had +received, he decided to embark the day that Blanco was expected. + +By this means he was able to permit the demonstration which was so +pleasing to his vanity, and also to make trouble for his successor. + +The Cubans, as Spain feared, were shocked that the Spaniards should make +an idol of their bitterest enemy, and immediately began to doubt the +truth of the Home Rule stories. + +Weyler went aboard his ship in great state on Friday afternoon, but by +Saturday the fickle people of Havana were laughing at the man whom they +had praised and embraced the day before. + +Weyler had expected that Blanco would arrive an hour or two after his +departure, but, unfortunately, soon after he had embarked he learned +that Blanco's ship could not reach Cuba till Sunday morning, and as the +_Montserrat_, on which Weyler had taken passage, had orders not to leave +Havana till Blanco arrived, the great Weyler was cooped up on board +ship the whole of Saturday, waiting with what patience he might for the +arrival of General Blanco. + +At about six o'clock on Sunday morning, October 31st, Blanco reached the +port of Havana. Almost immediately Weyler visited him on board his ship, +turned over his command, and in the afternoon sailed away from the +shores of the beautiful little island which he has laid waste and +ravaged with fire and sword. + +Now that he has gone, the Spanish papers are beginning to condemn him +and examine a little more closely into his accounts. + +It is possible that trouble may await him when he reaches Spain. + +One paper asks that he explain a problem in mathematics which you young +folks should find interesting. + +On May 18th, 1897, General Weyler announced that there were only 1,300 +insurgents in Cuba, and that these were mostly unarmed. + +On September 16th, 1897, he stated that of these (1,300) insurgents +(mostly unarmed), 1,716 had surrendered with arms in their hands, 4,619 +had surrendered without arms, 1,007 had been killed in Pinar del Rio, +536 in Havana, 430 in Matanzas, and 966 in Las Villas. + +Out of 1,300 insurgents, 6,335 had surrendered and 2,942 had been +killed. + +Any one who can make these statements agree will receive a handsome +prize from THE GREAT ROUND WORLD. + + * * * * * + +It is said that one of the first measures to be taken by General Blanco +will be to suppress the barbarous decree made by Weyler which drove the +country people away from their homes, and forced them to herd and starve +in the cities. + +These unfortunate people are now to be turned loose again, and given the +right to go back to their homes and their farms. + +This seems a very humane thing to do, but it will hardly bring the +Spaniards the popularity they expect. + +Since Weyler drove the peasants into the cities their lands and farms +have been laid waste, their houses burned, their cattle stolen. They +will be turned out of the cities penniless and homeless, and exchange +the certainty of dying of hunger in the crowded city for the equal +certainty of dying of hunger in the desolate wasted country. + +Added to this, it is uncertain whether General Blanco can induce the +country folks to leave the cities unless he drives them out at the point +of the bayonet. + +You probably remember our telling you that when first these people were +forced into the cities, and began to feel the pangs of hunger, they +begged the authorities to give them permission to go back to their +farms, and gather in the crops that were rotting in the fields, that +they might have food to save themselves from starving. + +You will also remember that permission was given some of these poor +fellows, and that they started out full of energy and hope, only to be +shot down and killed by the Spanish soldiers as soon as they were +outside the city limits. + +The country people have not forgotten this, and it will be hard to make +them believe that this order to leave the city is intended for anything +else than a general massacre. Blanco will find it no easy task to make +the people believe he means well by them. + +Immediately on taking charge of affairs, the new Captain-General issued +a proclamation to the people, in which he said that Spain had sent him +to bring peace and prosperity to Cuba, and to extend her forgiveness to +those who were willing to seek the protection of her flag. + +He stated that he had been ordered by the Queen to govern the island +with kindness and generosity, but added that the rebellion must be +brought to an end. He declared that while Spain would show mercy to all +who submitted to her rule, she would punish with the utmost severity +those who still remained in arms against her. + + * * * * * + +In the mean while the Cubans are going right ahead. The important town +of Bayamo, in Santiago de Cuba, is being besieged by the insurgents, and +the monthly supply-train from Havana has again been captured by the +rebels. + +The condition of the Spanish troops is something pitiable. + +The true state of affairs in Cuba is becoming so well known in Spain +that the soldiers there are unwilling to go out to poor pay, poor food, +and a certainty of becoming the prey of some awful pestilence. + +Many of the soldiers who have been sent home have died on the voyage, +and those who have reached Spain are so broken down in health that the +fresh soldiers are afraid to go to Cuba. + +There have been several mutinies among the troops which were ordered out +with General Blanco. + +A mutiny means that the soldiers refuse to obey the orders of their +officers, and is practically a strike among soldiers. + +In this instance the men have refused to embark for Cuba. In spite of +their remonstrance they have been forced to obey, and the ringleaders +severely punished. + + * * * * * + +It seems that our chances of being drawn into a war with Spain have not +been greatly lessened by the answer to General Woodford's message. + +Every one is waiting anxiously to know what the President will say at +the opening of Congress, for it looks as if the time had come when we +must take sides with Cuba. + +The former minister to Spain, Mr. Hannis Taylor, has published an +article in _The North American Review_, in which he gives it as his +opinion that as Spain seems unable to put an end to the war, it is our +duty to interfere, and tell the Spaniards that the war must cease by a +certain date or we will have to take a hand and put an end to it +ourselves. + +This article has stirred up a great deal of feeling, and we shall +probably hear more of it. + +In the mean while Spain has sent a note to the various powers, asking +what they would be prepared to do if she should declare war on the +United States. + +It is said that the European governments have given Spain to understand +that if such an event occurs she will receive nothing stronger than +diplomatic support from them. + + * * * * * + +The cruiser _Montgomery_ and the gunboat _Annapolis_ have been sent in +search of the _Silver Heels_, but have returned to port without finding +any traces of her. + +The number of patrol vessels on our coasts has been doubled, and every +possible precaution is being taken to prevent another affair of the +kind; but, in the mean while, the filibuster has got safely away. + +Cuban filibustering has, however, received a severe blow from England. + +Information was received by the magistrate of Andros Island that the +Cubans had established a depot on one of the Bahamas Islands, of which +Andros is the largest. + +These islands lie on the north and east of Cuba, and are a large group +of coral islands, which are formed by those great coral reefs which are +known as the Bahama Banks. Twenty of them are uninhabited, and many of +them are mere reefs or keys. + +These islands are very interesting from the fact that they have all been +built by the coral insects. Each of these tiny creatures gathers lime +from the water in which it lives or the food which it eats, and develops +from this a skeleton, which is the coral. They live in masses or +colonies, and throw out buds above them which form fresh coral insects. + +These buds immediately set to work and gather lime to build up their +own skeletons. In time the old coral insects below die, leaving behind +them the hard limestone frame which they have built. The younger coral +above lives on, sending forth buds which in turn do their share of the +building, and in time,--in countless ages of time,--reefs and islands +rise out of the mighty depths of the sea, built by the untiring energy +of these marvellous little insects. + +This rock building is still going on in the Bahama group, and some +geologists think that in ages to come the coral insects which are at +work on the Bahamas and those that are so busy on the Florida reefs will +build up a vast country where it is now sea, and that ages and ages +hence the Florida Keys, the Bahamas, and perhaps even the West Indian +Islands may be a part of the main land. While this is only a theory, it +should be interesting to you in making you realize that the building of +the world is going on now, from day to day, as steadily as it did in the +days when the bed of the Niagara River was carved out, and the wonders +of the Yellowstone Park were being created by the gradual working of the +waters. The forces of nature are building up and destroying to-day just +as steadily as when the world first began. + +But to return to the Bahamas. It was learned that the Cubans had taken +possession of one of these uninhabited islands, and had made it their +headquarters for receiving supplies from the filibustering expeditions. +These supplies they would carry to Cuba when opportunity offered. + +No sooner did the English learn this than a gunboat was sent to the +island. + +A large supply of arms and ammunition and a number of Cubans were +captured. + +The loss will be keenly felt by the Cubans because this depot was also +used as a means of communication with friends in New York, and many of +them escaped to America by this route. + +It is not known what will be done with the prisoners taken. At present +they are being held in quarantine for fear of yellow fever. + + * * * * * + +The British in India are advancing into the heart of the Afridis +territory, and are now within thirteen miles of the Afghan frontier. + +They have gained another victory over the tribesmen, and have secured +from them two important mountain passes. + +The hillsmen are fleeing before the British advance, and representatives +of the Afridi and Orakzai tribes have sought the Ameer of Afghanistan +and asked him to help them. + +The Ameer has therefore sent word to the English agent at Kabul that the +tribes are full of repentance and alarm, and have begged him to tell the +British Government for them how truly sorry they are for their +misconduct, and to ask on what terms they can be pardoned. + +The Ameer writes on his own account that he is trying to arrest the +Haddah Mullah, the mad priest who stirred up all the trouble, and he +promises that if he can only succeed in finding him, he will exile him +from Afghanistan. + +It is not certain that the British are at liberty to make terms with the +Afridis. + +With savage and semi-savage people it is always necessary to keep +strictly to your word, else they lose respect, and are apt to think that +their adversaries are not powerful enough to do what they have +threatened to do. The quality of mercy enters very little into their +calculations. To threaten to do a thing, and then not to do it when it +comes to the point, does not mean to them that their adversary is kind +and good, but that he is weak and foolish. + +The situation is this: + +When Sir William Lockhart took command of the force which was sent out +to punish the Afridis, he issued a proclamation ordering the tribesmen +to submit immediately, stating that he would severely punish any attempt +to oppose the advance of his army. + +Now the Afridis have opposed his advance, and opposed it very severely, +and they have not submitted to him. + +It is a question whether he will not be obliged to disregard the Ameer's +request for peace, and punish the Afridis, so that they may show more +respect for the British rule in the future. + +The complaint of the Government against the Afridis is so serious that +they ought not to be allowed to escape without a severe lesson. + +Wishing to live at peace with this tribe, England made an agreement some +time ago with them whereby some of the British forts in the hill country +were put under the care of the Afridis. Money was paid to the tribe, and +arms given out to the men, so that they might be strong enough to +protect the British interests. + +In defiance of this agreement the Afridis broke their alliance with the +English, and attacked and destroyed forts which they had agreed to +guard. + +The present indications are that the war in India will soon be over. + +It is said that this will not put an end to England's troubles in +Hindustan, as the expense of the war, combined with the money spent to +stamp out the plague, has so exhausted the treasury of India that funds +will have to be supplied very soon to keep the country going. + +The council of India is considering the best means to raise the money +needed. + + * * * * * + +The Sultan of Turkey has once more been heard from on the subject of +Crete. + +This time he is objecting to the commissioner appointed by the Powers to +take charge of Cretan affairs. + +It is said that the German Government is in sympathy with the Sultan in +this matter, and has also signified its disapproval of the commissioner. + +The uneasy feeling in regard to Turkey is increasing, and trouble is +expected before the winter is over. + + * * * * * + +The news of Andree brought by the whalers turns out to be somewhat +indefinite. + +They say that they sighted an object which they are quite sure was the +great balloon. + +They state further that they heard strange cries coming across the +ice-fields, which sounded to them like human voices, and they believe +that Andree and his party are stranded somewhere on an ice-floe. + +Captain Sverdrup, who commanded the _Fram_, in which Dr. Nansen made his +famous Arctic voyage, says that it is his belief that the sounds heard +were made by birds or else by the packing of the ice. + +In the hope that Andree may still be alive, a relief expedition has +started off from the northern coast of Norway in search of the +adventurer and his companions. + +There is a very interesting article in this month's _Scribner's +Magazine_, which tells about the starting of the balloon. You should +read it. + + * * * * * + +The fur seal conference has been in session in Washington for nearly two +weeks. + +England's representative, of course, was not present. You will remember +that after several refusals and acceptances she finally decided to meet +the United States in a conference to be held separately from the one +which is now taking place. + +Russia and Japan are well represented in this conference. Out of +compliment to Mr. Foster, of the United States, who travelled to +England, Russia, and Japan to obtain the consent of these various +countries to the meeting, the attending delegates made him chairman of +the conference. + +The result of the discussions so far has been most gratifying to this +country. + +The Russian and Japanese commissioners are as fully convinced that the +seal herd is decreasing as the Americans are, and all three countries +have come to an agreement on the matter. + +It has been decided to draw up a treaty between the three countries +mentioned, whereby each agrees to prevent her own hunters and those of +other nations from indulging in deep-sea sealing. + +As soon as this document is fully prepared the conference will adjourn. + +The result of the forthcoming British conference is awaited with +considerable interest. + +It is openly stated that there would be no trouble at all with England +if it were not for the interference of Canada and the determination of +the mother country to bow to the wishes of her colony. + +It is indeed reported that Lord Salisbury has at last been convinced +that the seals are diminishing. + +Last week he sent for several of the leading fur merchants in London, +and asked them to tell him the true state of the case. + +According to the accounts that have reached us, one and all of these men +assured him that the reports of Dr. Jordan were strictly correct, and +that beyond any doubt the seals were being killed off. + +Even then the Prime Minister doubted, and thinking that the merchants +might be in league with the Americans, he asked suspiciously: + +"If this is true, how is it that the price of sealskin is no higher now +than it was when the supply of seals was abundant?" + +It was not till he had been convinced that sealskin was no longer the +fashionable fur, and that astrakhan had largely taken its place, that he +was willing to believe them. + +It is reported that Sir Wilfrid Laurier, the Premier of Canada, is +coming here to be present at the next conference. + +It is to be hoped that Lord Salisbury's eyes may now be opened to the +true state of the case, and that he may be able to convince Sir Wilfrid +that common sense demands that England and Canada shall make a similar +agreement with us to that which is just being prepared with Russia and +Japan. + + * * * * * + +The engineers' strike in England has not yet come to an end. + +A special cablegram reports that the situation is unchanged. The Society +of Engineers insists on the eight-hour day, and the masters refuse to +discuss the subject until this point has been abandoned. + +The chances of reaching an understanding are more remote than ever. + +In the mean while there is trouble in the cotton trade. + +The state of the cotton market is such that the manufacturers can no +longer pay the wages they have been paying, and they have had to give +notice to their hands that they must either close their mills or reduce +wages. + +At first it was decided that ten per cent. must be taken off the pay of +the workers. + +The trades unions discussed the matter with the employers, and refused +to listen to such a reduction of wages. + +The masters then declared that they could not continue to pay the +present rate, as they would be losing money. They finally decided to +give their workers a month's notice that they were going to reduce their +wages five per cent. + +Every one is anxiously waiting to see what the factory hands will do at +the end of the month. + +It is hoped that the time that will intervene before the reduction takes +place will give them an opportunity to think matters over, and so avoid +a strike. + +Should the cotton-workers decide to strike, two hundred thousand +operatives may be thrown out of work. + +The manufacture of cotton goods in one of the greatest of the English +industries. + +Over a million men, women, and children are employed in Great Britain +and Ireland, and nearly five million people are dependent for their +daily bread on the wages earned in the factories. + +The centre of this great industry is the city of Manchester. Here the +greatest number of factories are built, and all matters concerning the +cotton market are discussed and settled. Manchester--dirty, smoky +Manchester, with its forest of tall chimneys pouring forth volumes of +black, sulphurous smoke, holds the fate of the cotton trade in its +hands. + +It is quite a sight to see the Manchester factory hands rushing out of +the mills, hundreds strong, at the noon hour. + +Our own factory hands are, as you well know, neat, tidy, and well +dressed girls. As soon as they turn off from the stream of their +fellow-workers, as they leave the mills, it is hardly possible to tell +whether they are factory girls, shop girls, servants, or young ladies. + +The English mill girls are quite different. + +They have a distinct dress which points out their occupation wherever +they may be. + +To begin with, they never by any chance wear hats. Winter and summer +they go bareheaded. + +They one and all wear short skirts which reach to the tops of their +boots; these skirts are always made of cotton goods, and their boots are +thick, clumpy, laced affairs, heavier than those worn by the workmen in +this country--very often they have wooden soles. As you may imagine, the +appearance of these girls' feet is something appalling. + +The factory girl's costume is completed by an apron and a small square +shawl of bright plaid, which is worn over the shoulders, or shifted to +cover the head in wet weather. + +They are picturesque-looking women, but the majority of them are so big +and brawny and their manners are so rough that you would rather trust +yourself to the mercies of a mad bull than to a crowd of angry factory +girls. + +On one occasion in Manchester, the agent of a patent washing-machine, +wishing to advertise his goods, stationed himself outside one of the +mill gates, and offered to wash the girls' greasy, oily aprons as they +came out from work at noon. + +Some of the girls took their aprons off, and a large crowd gathered +round the machine to see what was going to be done. + +The man put the garments into the machine, turned the crank, and in a +minute the black and dirt were all out of the aprons. + +The girls were highly pleased. + +They signified their approval as the man wrung out the suds with his +machine, and watched him with great interest as he carefully folded each +apron, and then put them through a couple of rollers which were +attached to the machine and intended to act as a mangle. + +Clean, smooth, and neatly pressed, he handed each apron back to its +owner and waited for their thanks. The whole business had not taken more +than five minutes, and he expected to do a thriving trade in +washing-machines on the spot. + +He was disappointed. + +No sooner did the girls get back their aprons than the trouble began. + +In their ignorance they had expected that the garments would be returned +to them dry as well as clean, and when they found that they were +wringing wet and could not be used again for several hours, their rage +knew no bounds. + +They beat the man, tore his clothes, broke his machine, and ill-treated +him until the men and boys from the mill, who had been watching the riot +with laughter, thought it was time to interfere, and rescued the agent +from the angry women. + +There is nothing gentle or feminine about the English factory girl. + + * * * * * + +The Sultan of Turkey has sent a demand to the powers that the ten +thousand rifles seized on board a Greek ship shall be turned over to +him. These arms were taken during the early part of the blockade of +Crete, and have been held by the powers. + +Abdul Hamid has also issued a protest against the trial of a number of +his subjects in the courts of Crete. He demands that they shall be sent +over to Turkish courts and tried by Turkish judges instead of by the +representatives of the powers. + +He seems to be beginning his interference in Cretan matters. + + * * * * * + +A telegram from Christiania, Norway, states that news of Professor +Andree has just been brought from Spitzbergen. + +The nature of the news is not given, but it has been brought by the crew +of a ship which was wrecked in the Arctic Seas, and who have just made +their way to Spitzbergen. + +Spitzbergen is one of a group of islands in the Arctic Ocean to the +north of Sweden, and east of Greenland. + +We may probably soon learn the fate of Andree and his brave followers. + + G.H. ROSENFELD. + + + + +PRIZE CONTEST. + + +There were so many competitors in the prize contest recently closed that +it was impossible to decide who were the winners in time to announce +their names in last week's paper. The quotation was, "The Pen is +Mightier than the Sword," and Miss H.K. Peck, Crown Street, Meriden, +Conn., won the first prize, and Miss E. DuBois, Greenwich, Conn., the +second. + +Watch for the new contest, which will begin in an early number. + + + + +LETTERS FROM OUR YOUNG FRIENDS. + + + DEAR MR. HARISON: + + I have taken great interest in THE GREAT ROUND WORLD. When I + was away this summer I showed your paper to a great many + people, and they thought it was very nice, and they thought + they would subscribe for it. + + I have taken great interest in the Klondike affair. I went + away this summer to Lake Hopatcong and had a lovely time, + but we came home a little while ago. + + Hoping your paper the most possible success, + + Yours truly, + SOUTH ORANGE, N.J. B.F. + + + +DEAR LITTLE FRIEND: + +We are very pleased to receive your kind letter. + + + EDITOR. + + + TO THE EDITOR: + + I wish to call your attention to the article printed in last + week's GREAT ROUND WORLD about Austria. Your description + about the Bohemians, properly called Czechs, is wrong. They + are not wild, unruly, nor obstinate. In the United States + there are five hundred thousand Czechs, and you never hear + of them giving trouble to the Government nor any one else. + Everywhere they are known as a quiet, industrious race, + doing their business and offending no one. In Europe they + have a great many obstacles to overcome. One of them is that + the Germans are trying to crush them wherever they can. + Every nation loves its tongue and wishes it to live, so do + the Czechs. Because they oppose, are they to be called wild, + obstinate, and ill-governed? The Czechs' language is not so + difficult. I know Americans speaking the Czechs' language + as well as Czechs themselves. I do not wish to discuss their + rights, but I do feel that where a sad mistake has been made + it ought to be rectified. Young readers must be informed + correctly; and knowing it to be your aim to inform your + readers so, I take the liberty of writing. I hope you will + not think me prejudiced, nor that I merely write from a + Czech's standpoint. An injustice has been done and ought to + be righted if possible. If you wish to gain correct + information, I refer you to Mr. Riis, author of "How the + Other Half Lives." Also to Dr. Hall, minister of the + Presbyterian Church. They have both been to Austria several + times, and know a great deal about the Czechs. Hoping you + will consider the matter, I remain yours, A.B. BAZATA. + + NEW YORK CITY, October 18th, 1897. + + +DEAR FRIEND: + +We were very pleased to receive your letter. + +You have evidently misunderstood the article in question, and also +misquoted it. + +If you will look back at page 1,390 you will see that we do not say the +Bohemians are an unruly people, but that they are wild and quickly +irritated--information which you can easily verify for yourself. We had +no intention of making any disparaging remarks about the race. We merely +stated facts which are so well known in Europe that they have become +proverbs. + +In reference to the Czech language we must also differ with you. Your +argument that you have friends who speak the language does not strike us +as very sound. There are numbers of Europeans who have learned Chinese, +but that does not alter the fact that Chinese is an abnormally difficult +tongue. + +If you will read our article through again you will see that your zeal +for the Bohemians has made you defend them before they were accused. + +We stated that the governing of Austria is a very difficult task in +consequence of the three conflicting elements of which it is composed, +and explained the nature and grievance of each element. + +You must not let your sympathies cloud your judgment. + + EDITOR. + + + + +INVENTION AND DISCOVERY. + + +By means of slot-boxes one may buy gum or postage-stamps, be weighed, or +have his picture taken. + +A schoolboy of St. Louis has recently invented a new and practical form +of this popular machine. + +The Martin paper slot-box is to be used upon street cars and railway +trains for the sale of daily papers. + +It has separate compartments for each morning daily, with movable +name-slips so that the one box may serve for the sale of both morning +and evening papers. + +Though small and neat, the box will hold forty-five papers. + +By inserting a penny and pushing a button, any paper desired may be had. +The boxes are so arranged that five cents will be necessary to work the +button for Sunday papers. + +The patent papers have been received, and the youthful inventor is +superintending the making of the boxes. As soon as a sufficient number +are ready they are to be given a thorough trial on the leading lines of +cars in St. Louis. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 54, November 18, 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + +***** This file should be named 16177.txt or 16177.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/1/7/16177/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. |