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diff --git a/16031-h/16031-h.htm b/16031-h/16031-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e597ff5 --- /dev/null +++ b/16031-h/16031-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1375 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "https://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="https://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 50, October 21, 1897, by Julia Truitt Bishop. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + p {margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + text-indent: 1.25em; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + img {border: 0;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + + .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%;} + + .bb {border-bottom: solid 2px;} + .bl {border-left: solid 2px;} + .bt {border-top: solid 2px;} + .br {border-right: solid 2px;} + .bbox {border: solid 2px;} + + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .caption {font-weight: bold;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + .figleft {float: left; clear: left; margin-left: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: + 1em; margin-right: 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + .figright {float: right; clear: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; + margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + .footnotes {border: dashed 1px;} + .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + .footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} + .fnanchor {vertical-align: 4px; font-size: smaller;} + + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On +In It, Vol. 1, No. 50, October 21, 1897, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 50, October 21, 1897 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop + +Release Date: June 9, 2005 [EBook #16031] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + +<p><a name="Page_1399" id="Page_1399"></a></p> + + + + + +<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/title.png" alt="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" title="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" /></p> + +<div class='center'><b><span class='smcap'>Vol.</span> 1 <span class='smcap'>October</span> 21, 1897. <span class='smcap'>No.</span> 50</b></div> + +<div class='center'><b>Copyright, 1897, by <span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span> Publishing Company.</b></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p>The new Prime Minister of Spain is Señor Sagasta. After several days of +uncertainty the Queen decided to appoint him.</p> + +<p>No sooner was her decision known than a report was circulated that +Weyler had sent in his resignation; it was also rumored that Sagasta had +stated that one of his first official acts would be to remove Weyler +from Cuba.</p> + +<p>The truth of the matter is that Weyler does not intend to leave the +island if he can help it.</p> + +<p>Just before the ministry resigned, when it was known that they could not +remain in power many days longer, he hurried off a long report of the +work he had done in Cuba; this he hoped would help him with the new +Minister, and enable him to keep his place.</p> + +<p>In this report he said that Western Cuba was pacified, and that he had +effected a great improvement in the condition of Cuba since his arrival +there. He stated that he had given Cuba a fresh lease of life, that<a name="Page_1400" id="Page_1400"></a> +trains were running regularly throughout the island, the telegraph was +in working order, and the troops, in spite of the fact that their pay +was six months in arrears, were in excellent health and spirits. Every +one of these statements is declared, by those who are in a position to +know the real state of affairs in Cuba, to be absolutely false.</p> + +<p>Having this letter safely in the hands of the Government, the General +waited for developments; then as soon as the ministry under General +Azcarraga had gone out of office and that of Señor Sagasta had come in, +he cabled to the new Prime Minister, saying that he had no intention of +resigning his office, but instead, begged to offer his services to the +new ministry.</p> + +<p>A great excitement is being worked up over him in Cuba, which his +enemies declare is being done by his orders. Soldiers are parading the +streets, crying, "Long live Weyler!" Merchants are hurrying to the +palace, begging him not to resign, and a rumor having been circulated +that it is the United States that has been asking that he be sent away +from Cuba, the soldiers are adding cries of "Death to the United +States!"</p> + +<p>The Cuban and American residents of Havana are terror-stricken. Much as +they desired to be free of the tyrant, they now dread his downfall lest +it shall cause more trouble for them.</p> + +<p>It is said that Señor Sagasta will try to bring the war to a close by +offering liberal terms of Home Rule to Cuba.</p> + +<p>In fact, the new cabinet has already held a council in which it was +agreed to establish reforms in the island with as little delay as +possible.</p> + +<p>The Colonial Minister has been instructed to prepare a draft of the<a name="Page_1401" id="Page_1401"></a> +scheme for Home Rule, and to have it ready to present to the cabinet +officers at their next meeting.</p> + +<p>The Cubans, however, declare that they do not want Home Rule. They have +been fighting for freedom, and nothing less will satisfy them. They are +willing to buy their freedom from Spain, but they declare that they will +never lay down their arms until Cuba is free.</p> + +<p>A despatch from the Philippine Islands brings the news that Spain is +faring badly in that direction also.</p> + +<p>In a recent battle four hundred Spanish soldiers were killed. It seems +that the rebels in the Philippines fight in the American Indian fashion; +that is to say, they get under cover, behind bushes or trees, and, +taking careful aim at their enemy, make every shot tell. In this manner +they are able to inflict great injury without suffering much themselves.</p> + +<p>It is reported that an entire battalion of Spanish soldiers, eight +hundred strong, has deserted in a body to the rebels.</p> + +<p>The soldiers in the Philippines are suffering just as severely for food +and pay as their brother soldiers in Cuba, and finding that the rebels +feed their soldiers well, and treat them better than the Spaniards, +great numbers are constantly deserting and joining the rebel ranks.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Affairs in Greece are still unsettled.</p> + +<p>When the Prime Minister told the Boulé<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> or parliament the terms of the +treaty, there was much dissatisfaction expressed by the members. <a name="Page_1402" id="Page_1402"></a></p> + +<p>Mr. Ralli, the Prime Minister, stated that he was fully aware how hard +the terms of the treaty were, but he thought that Greece must accept and +make the best of them.</p> + +<p>He told the Boulé that it was not possible for Greece to continue the +war; she had neither men nor money to do it with; but he wished it +understood that he was merely stating his opinion; he would not attempt +to advise the nation on such a serious point.</p> + +<p>If the Boulé decided to accept the terms offered by Turkey, he stated +that the ministry was prepared to carry them out, and do all in its +power to assist the country in the crisis; he, however, asked the Boulé, +on behalf of the ministry, for a vote of confidence, that is, an +expression of belief that the ministers were doing the best that could +be done for the good of the country.</p> + +<p>When Mr. Ralli had finished speaking, a member of the House rose to his +feet, and began to blame the ministry for all the ills that Greece was +called upon to endure. This turned the members against Mr. Ralli and the +rest of the ministers, and the vote of confidence was refused. Mr. Ralli +was thereupon obliged to send his resignation to the King.</p> + +<p>King George has already chosen the new Premier, and a Greek prince of +high rank has been selected to go to Constantinople and arrange the +treaty, the Boulé having decided to accept the terms offered.</p> + +<p>Both Spain and Greece now have new ministers who are undertaking the +difficult task of piloting their countries through their difficulties.</p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTE:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Pronounced <i>voulee</i>.<br /> <br /></div> +</div> + + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>It was just as well that we did not put too much <a name="Page_1403" id="Page_1403"></a>faith in the story +that the war on the Indian frontier would be ended with the defeat of +the Haddah Mullah.</p> + +<p>News has reached us that the British forces have once again been checked +by the tribesmen.</p> + +<p>This time it was the Mohmads who were the victors. These men, if you +remember, professed themselves ready to submit to English rule, and when +the troops arrived in their neighborhood, offered their allegiance to +the British officers.</p> + +<p>They were, however, told that to prove their good faith they must, one +and all, give up their rifles. Upon hearing this they became sulky, and +refused to do anything of the sort.</p> + +<p>The British waited the two days they had promised, and then began to +destroy the villages of the rebellious tribesmen. On one of these +expeditions they were in turn attacked by the Afridis, and defeated.</p> + +<p>In the meanwhile the Ameer of Afghanistan is uneasy over the advance of +the British into the hills that form his frontier. He is afraid that the +British will not be satisfied with punishing the tribesmen, but will +endeavor to take possession of lands belonging to him. He has therefore +sought the aid of Russia, and has obtained the Czar's promise to help +him in case the British attempt to encroach on Afghanistan.</p> + +<p>He is at the same time keeping faith with the English. He has issued a +proclamation, forbidding his subjects to leave the country under penalty +of a heavy fine, so that it will not be possible for them to go and join +the tribesmen. He is doing all in his power to keep faith with England, +but it is said that he is <a name="Page_1404" id="Page_1404"></a>much pleased that he has secured the aid of +Russia to protect him in case of need.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>In the Soudan, the English are steadily advancing on Khartoum.</p> + +<p>The Mahdists are making a strong stand there, and it is expected that +the decisive battle will be fought in the near neighborhood of that +city.</p> + +<p>A newspaper correspondent who is with the Soudan expedition writes a +most interesting account of the rapid way the soldiers are building a +railroad across the desert. The road is being finished at the rate of +nearly two miles a day, and when completed will enable the army to bring +men and supplies from Cairo in a few days instead of the many weary +weeks which are now required.</p> + +<p>The building of the railway through the desert has been entrusted to the +engineer corps. These engineers are soldiers whose duty it is to build +fortifications, railroads, bridges, or any works which the commander of +the force may think necessary.</p> + +<p>In building a railroad the first thing to be done is to prepare the +road-bed, so that it will not give way under the weight of the trains +that are to pass over it. This is done by digging out or banking up the +earth so that the bed shall be level. When the earth-bank has been made +as high and as solid as necessary, huge wooden beams, called sleepers, +are placed across it at regular intervals, and on these sleepers the +rails are laid.</p> + +<p>The correspondent describes the laying of the rails as follows:<a name="Page_1405" id="Page_1405"></a></p> + +<p>"A great sight was the actual work of laying the line. We went out in a +car drawn by a spare engine, to see this at the place where the work was +in progress. The second construction train had reached the scene of +active operations just before we arrived, and the desert fairly hummed +with busy turmoil. It has been given but to few to see a railway line +made and used while you wait. Yet we had that experience on this +afternoon. Everything was done at once. The long train moves slowly +toward the end of the rails, getting as near to the bare bank as is +possible. So soon as she stops, an eager army of workers attack her, +with, of course, much wild noise of strange rhythmic chant. To the +uninitiated this onslaught of the workers on the train bears all the +appearance of a raid, yet, should one watch awhile, it gradually dawns +upon one that marvellous orderliness and most studied method underlie +every seemingly wild movement. The engine stops—say, ten rail lengths +from the end of the track—and the game begins. The rail-cars are in +front, just behind the tender, with the rails neatly ranged on racks. At +once to either side of each rail-car rushes a party of, if Egyptians, +eight men, if blacks, ten, upon whose padded shoulders the ton of +sun-heated metal is placed by the car party. Then they run—they do +literally run—away with the unwieldy thing to its destined place, +where, once it is placed on the sleepers, the gaugers and strikers get +at it, and it is put in position and pinned (to each alternate sleeper, +the operation being completed after the heavy train has passed over the +newly laid rails) in an incredibly short time, at the end of which a +bugle sounds, the steam whistle blows, the <a name="Page_1406" id="Page_1406"></a>engine moves slowly forward +over the rails that less than five minutes ago were stacked on the cars +behind her, and the whole operation is repeated."</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Hawaiian affairs continue to progress peacefully, notwithstanding the +fact that the story of Japanese soldiers being introduced in Hawaii +disguised as laborers has been confirmed by so many people that our +Government has no longer any doubt of its truth.</p> + +<p>Orders have therefore been sent to the commander of the fleet at +Honolulu to be on the alert, and in case Japan should attempt any +hostile movement to land a company of marines and sailors, run up the +American flag, and take possession of the island in the name of the +United States.</p> + +<p>The gunboats <i>Wheeling</i> and <i>Concord</i> have been sent to the Sandwich +Islands, and a cruiser and several gunboats will be kept at Honolulu +until all fear of trouble is over.</p> + +<p>The Japanese ship, the <i>Naniwa</i>, has gone back to her own country to be +cleaned and repaired, but will return to Hawaii as soon as this has been +done.</p> + +<p>During her absence our Government is taking advantage of the opportunity +to make some necessary changes in the ships stationed at Honolulu, and +when the Japanese cruiser returns she will find quite a fleet of +American ships waiting to receive her.</p> + +<p>A statement has been made that the Japanese Government is willing to +settle the immigration dispute with Hawaii for $100,000.</p> + +<p>Hawaii is not anxious to make any such arrangement. She is a little +afraid that if she consents to <a name="Page_1407" id="Page_1407"></a>do so, Japan will declare that she is +bound in future to let in as many Japanese immigrants as the Mikado +chooses to send. She is anxious to reserve the right of declaring what +citizens she will allow within her boundaries.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/9.png" alt="Hawaiian Family" title="Hawaiian Family" /></div> + +<p>The annexation of the islands is by some people regarded as assured.</p> + +<p>The Senators and Congressmen who have visited the islands declare that +there is no opposition to the idea. Some few followers of the Queen +Liliuokalani would prefer to have her once more on the throne rather +than to be under the government of a foreign president, but there is no +serious opposition to the treaty.</p> + +<p>With this news comes the information that Mr. Spreckels, the Sugar King +of Hawaii, has offered to withdraw his opposition to the treaty when he +is con<a name="Page_1408" id="Page_1408"></a>vinced that his rights in the island are not to be interfered +with.</p> + +<p>Mr. Spreckels is a millionaire who has made most of his money through +his vast sugar interests in the Sandwich Islands. He was so afraid that +his business would be hurt by annexation, that he threatened to spend +half his fortune to prevent it.</p> + +<p>Besides his sugar interests, he owns a line of steamers between Hawaii +and San Francisco, and he controlled so many votes in Hawaii that he was +a dangerous enemy to the project.</p> + +<p>President Dole of the Sandwich Islands has been endeavoring to break Mr. +Spreckels' power, but has made very little progress until the other day, +when he granted permission to one of the Pacific mail steamers to enter +into competition with Mr. Spreckels' boats for the carrying trade of the +islands. The permission stated that the President would allow the +Pacific Mail Company to increase the number of vessels on the line if +they desired to do so.</p> + +<p>This was a dreadful blow to Mr. Spreckels.</p> + +<p>The carrying trade with Hawaii is hardly large enough for several +companies to make money at it, and as the new line will endeavor by +reduced rates and increased accommodations to get the trade away from +Mr. Spreckels, the chances are that he will lose a good deal of money +through it.</p> + +<p>It is in consequence of this that he is reported to have promised not to +oppose the annexation of Hawaii if his interests are not interfered +with.</p> + +<p>It is said that President Dole is so anxious that nothing shall +interfere with the annexation treaty <a name="Page_1409" id="Page_1409"></a>that he is willing to promise Mr. +Spreckels anything he asks in return for his assistance.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Central America is in a very disturbed condition once more.</p> + +<p>Revolutions are in progress, or have just been suppressed in Guatemala, +Costa Rica, and Nicaragua; and Honduras is again in an unsettled state.</p> + +<p>In addition to this, there is bad feeling between Costa Rica and +Nicaragua, which may break out into war at any moment.</p> + +<p>As this last quarrel concerns the Nicaraguan Canal, in which our country +is so much interested, it is perhaps better to tell you about it before +we speak of the more serious troubles in Guatemala.</p> + +<p>The cause of the unpleasantness between Nicaragua and Costa Rica is the +boundary line which divides them.</p> + +<p>This boundary question involves the mouth of the Nicaragua Canal.</p> + +<p>In 1858 it was agreed between the two countries that the channel of the +Rio San Juan del Norte at its exit into the ocean should be the dividing +line between them.</p> + +<p>Owing to changes of current and other causes, the course of this river +has changed, until it is now several miles farther south than it was in +1858.</p> + +<p>Costa Rica claimed that the boundary should be the spot where the old +channel was; Nicaragua, that the treaty called for the channel of the +river where it emptied itself into the sea, and that therefore the new +mouth of the river is the boundary.<a name="Page_1410" id="Page_1410"></a></p> + +<p>It is a serious matter for Nicaragua, for the opening to the Nicaragua +Canal on the Atlantic Ocean side is through the Rio San Juan del Norte. +If Costa Rica were to own the mouth of the canal while Nicaragua owns +its body, there would be no end to the complications and troubles which +would arise.</p> + +<p>The matter was therefore submitted to arbitration, President Cleveland +appointing the arbitrator.</p> + +<p>The decision has just been rendered, and is against Costa Rica. The +arbitrator decides that the old treaty holds good, and that the boundary +line of Nicaragua is the channel of the river as it flows into the +ocean, and that no matter how far the Rio San Juan del Norte creeps down +into Costa Rican territory, Nicaragua will always own to the channel +where it flows into the sea.</p> + +<p>Costa Rica is of course angry that the decision was against her, and she +may try to secure her lost territory by force of arms.</p> + +<p>This is the Nicaraguan and Costa Rican trouble. The disturbance in +Guatemala is in the shape of a revolution, which, if the accounts we +hear are true, is of a serious nature.</p> + +<p>We have told you before of the many revolutions that are constantly +taking place in South America, and that the people have become so +accustomed to them that they take very little notice of such things, and +no one regards a Central American revolution as a serious affair.</p> + +<p>Now while it is amusing to make fun of these toy revolutions, some of +the best people of the country suffer severely through them, and to +these people they are very real and terrible. Those who suffer <a name="Page_1411" id="Page_1411"></a>most are +the merchants. During the disturbances caused by constant changes of +government, trade cannot properly flourish, and many of the merchants of +Central America wish heartily that a means may be found to restore order +and give them a government which will be likely to last.</p> + +<p>Some time ago a plan was made to form the five republics of Guatemala, +Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica into one republic, under +one government.</p> + +<p>At this time Mexico objected to the plan. She was afraid that a strong +republic at her doors might give her more trouble than she was likely to +have from the five weak little countries.</p> + +<p>Attempts were made to carry the plan through, but it was finally +abandoned.</p> + +<p>It was not, however, forgotten, and in January of this year the first +step was taken toward such an arrangement, by the union of Nicaragua, +Honduras, and Salvador, forming together the Greater Republic of Central +America. It was hoped that Guatemala and Costa Rica would also join in, +and in June of this year Guatemala did join the other republics.</p> + +<p>Mexico still disapproved of the plan, and was not at all pleased that +the Greater Republic of Central America had been formed.</p> + +<p>The level-headed men of Central America then suggested that Mexico +should be asked to join the union, and one vast Central American +Republic be formed.</p> + +<p>To this President Barrios of Guatemala objected. He is perhaps the most +ambitious man in Central America, and undoubtedly aims to be the +president of the Central American Republic. Were Mexico to <a name="Page_1412" id="Page_1412"></a>become a +part of this great federation, Barrios would have a strong rival in the +beloved President Diaz of Mexico, and so he steadfastly set his face +against union with Mexico.</p> + +<p>The friends of solid government were much disappointed at this, and it +is stated on good authority that they then formed a plot, which has +resulted in the present disturbances throughout Central America.</p> + +<p>It was decided that as Barrios of Guatemala and Diaz of Mexico were +opposed to the plan, they must both be removed from office as soon as it +could be managed.</p> + +<p>According to this story, Barrios was the first to give his enemies the +opportunity they sought.</p> + +<p>We have told you that he is a very ambitious man. In Guatemala +presidents are elected for six years, and are not allowed to be +re-elected.</p> + +<p>President Barrios is very near the end of his term, and he could not +bear to think that in a few months he would go out of office, and lose +all chance of rising to the heights he wished to attain. He therefore +had himself proclaimed dictator of Guatemala, and announced that he +intended to have a law passed which would allow a president to be +elected for a second term.</p> + +<p>This meant of course that he intended to be elected again, and that it +would be another six years before there was any hope of forming the +federation.</p> + +<p>The people of Guatemala strongly disapproved of Barrios' action in +making himself a dictator instead of a president. A president is guided +by the wishes of the legislature, and though he has the power to veto, +or forbid the passing of, a law made by con<a name="Page_1413" id="Page_1413"></a>gress, that body has also +power to overrule his veto, and pass the laws in spite of him. So you +see the power is pretty equally balanced. Then, too, a president can be +impeached, or called to account, if he neglects the duties which he has +agreed to fulfil.</p> + +<p>With a dictator it is very different. He has absolute power in the +government of the state. His word is law, and he is not accountable to +the legislature for his actions.</p> + +<p>A dictator is sometimes appointed in times of war or great trouble, but +he should always be a man whom the people love and honor, and to whom +they can entrust this great power.</p> + +<p>The reason for appointing a dictator is, that not being accountable to +the legislature for his actions, he is able to do as he thinks best, +without waiting for the long delays that must follow the submission of +plans to congress.</p> + +<p>While the people were so opposed to the idea of giving these great +powers to Barrios, it was thought to be a good opportunity to overthrow +him, and so a revolution was begun, with Gen. Prosper Morales at its +head.</p> + +<p>This revolution has steadily grown stronger. Most of the important men +in Guatemala have joined it, and success has attended the rebel arms.</p> + +<p>They have captured one of the most important towns of the country, and +it seems as if the overthrow of Barrios was assured.</p> + +<p>If the rumors of this great plot are true, the revolution in Guatemala +is but the commencement of the great rising which is to end in the +formation of the new republic.<a name="Page_1414" id="Page_1414"></a></p> + +<p>That there is some truth in these rumors is shown by the fact that a +cowardly attempt which was made to kill President Diaz of Mexico, a +short time ago, was found to be connected with the present disturbance +in Guatemala.</p> + +<p>It was found that the man who had attempted to do this wicked deed was +the agent of some persons in Guatemala; and thinking that there was +something strange in this, the Mexican authorities handed the prisoner +over to one of the highest police officials, with orders to keep him +under close guard until further inquiries could be made.</p> + +<p>The man to whom the criminal was given in charge was General Velasquez, +one of the most trusted officials of the Government.</p> + +<p>In the middle of the night after this arrest, pistol shots were heard +coming from the place where the prisoner was confined, and when the +soldiers ran out from their barracks, they were informed by General +Velasquez that a mob had broken into the prison and killed the prisoner.</p> + +<p>A crowd had meanwhile gathered round the prison, so the soldiers +arrested every one in sight; but when these people came to be examined +they were found to be only citizens who had been attracted by the sound +of the firing, just as the soldiers had been. The men who had broken +into the jail and killed the prisoner had disappeared.</p> + +<p>The matter had by this assumed such a suspicious character that the +authorities decided to arrest General Velasquez, and hold him until +something could be found out.</p> + +<p>A few inquiries showed that the General and the <a name="Page_1415" id="Page_1415"></a>man who had tried to +kill President Diaz were both connected with Guatemala, and members of +some society there.</p> + +<p>This suspicion was considerably strengthened when the General was found +dead in his prison, the morning after his arrest. People then said that +both men were concerned in the great plot, and that both had died rather +than be forced to confess.</p> + +<p>All Mexico is very much puzzled and troubled over this mysterious +occurrence.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>The meteorite has been safely landed, and is now on the dock at the +Brooklyn Navy-Yard, where it is to remain until Lieutenant Peary decides +what he will do with it.</p> + +<p>In appearance it is a smooth, mud-colored rock, that looks like a great +boulder. The meteorite is ten feet long, eight feet wide, and six feet +thick. It weighs over ninety tons.</p> + +<p>It was no easy matter to get this great stone on board the <i>Hope</i>. It +lay a short distance from the shore, and the sailors had to drag it to +the water's edge.</p> + +<p>As soon as the <i>Hope</i> arrived in Melville Bay, where the meteorite was +found, the whole crew, armed with shovels and picks, went ashore and +began digging around it.</p> + +<p>The job of digging it out of the frozen ground was enough to have +discouraged these men at the outset. It was half covered with snow, and +frozen solidly to the surrounding earth. The sailors had to dig through +seven feet of frozen ground before they finally reached the lower +surface of the meteorite, then more digging <a name="Page_1416" id="Page_1416"></a>followed, and at last, +after five days of this hard work, it was free and ready to be moved.</p> + +<p>By means of some strong derricks which they had brought for the purpose, +the monster was finally lifted and dragged to the shore.</p> + +<p>Here another kind of derrick, made like those that are used for lifting +heavy guns on board ship, was brought into service, and the mass of +metal was slowly lifted and lowered into the hold.</p> + +<p>The ship had been lightened as much as possible to make room for this +enormous weight, but for all that the vessel was sunk much too deep in +the water for safety when she finally started on her homeward journey.</p> + +<p>Scientists say that the meteorite is a mass of metal, and is practically +composed of material similar to the steel armor used for armor-plates. +All are agreed that it is the largest meteorite ever discovered.</p> + +<p>Lieutenant Peary also brought back with him a party of Esquimaux, who +are to spend the winter building an Arctic exhibit for the Natural +History Museum. The materials they will use have all been brought back +by Mr. Peary. They are to build a little scene which will show the +Esquimaux in their national costume, occupied in some of the typical +Arctic employments. The figures that will illustrate these pictures will +be modelled after the Esquimaux themselves.</p> + +<p>There are six Esquimaux in the party brought back on the <i>Hope</i>—three +men, a woman, a boy, and a girl. They, men and women alike, wear +trousers of polar-bear skins, sealskin coats, moccasins made from tanned +sealskins, and fur hoods.<a name="Page_1417" id="Page_1417"></a></p> + +<p>To make them more comfortable, Lieutenant Peary had allowed them to +pitch a tent for themselves on the deck, and here the family was +established, in company with their four favorite dogs, from whom they +could not bear to be parted. These dogs are very useful in the polar +regions. They can draw sledges over the ice, and are used by the natives +much as the people of warmer climates use horses.</p> + +<p>Lieutenant Peary also brought back with him some relics of the +unfortunate Greely expedition which went to the Arctic regions in 1881, +to establish an observation station for our Government. Owing to the +non-arrival of expected supplies, the Greely party suffered the most +terrible hardships, and was eventually rescued at Cape Sabine in Grinnel +Land in 1883, after eighteen of the party had perished from cold and +hunger.</p> + +<p>Greely established the station, and, after his rescue, was raised to the +rank of general, and was given a special government appointment for his +services.</p> + +<p>When Lieutenant Peary arrived in New York, he was asked whether he +thought that Andrée had been able to reach the Pole in his balloon.</p> + +<p>He said that he feared it had not been possible for him to do so. +According to all he could hear, the winds had been unfavorable all +summer, and the chances were that the adventurer had been carried in an +opposite direction to the one he had intended to take.</p> + +<p>In regard to his being rescued and ever reaching the land of the living +again, Lieutenant Peary said he feared the chances were very slight. It +all depended on the place where the balloon had descended.<a name="Page_1418" id="Page_1418"></a></p> + +<p>If it had fallen north of Spitzbergen, it seemed unlikely that he would +ever be heard of again; if, however, the winds had carried it southward, +he might have taken refuge on an ice-pack, and would be floated +southward with it, and eventually rescued.</p> + +<p>Dr. Nansen, in his recent famous voyage, proved that there is a strong +current flowing across the Polar Sea. By following this, a ship could be +carried from one side of the Arctic Ocean to the other.</p> + +<p>When Dr. Nansen went north it was his hope to get his ship, the <i>Fram</i>, +into the pack, or rough ice that was being carried along in this +current, and drift with it across the Pole.</p> + +<p>He did not succeed in reaching the Pole, but his ship did drift across +the Polar Sea exactly as he had supposed it would do.</p> + +<p>It is Mr. Peary's belief that if Andrée gets on to the pack-ice, he may +drift southward as Nansen did. Mr. Peary does not believe that any of +the pigeons carried by Andrée could live in the Arctic cold, and be able +to fly southward with a message.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>The fastest ocean voyage on record has just been made by the magnificent +North German Lloyd steamer, <i>Kaiser Wilhelm the Great</i>.</p> + +<p>The speed record has hitherto been held by the <i>Lucania</i>, which made the +trip from Queenstown to Sandy Hook in five days and seven hours, but +that great record has now been beaten. At the rate at which the new +German steamer travels, she can make the trip in four days and +twenty-one hours.</p> + +<p>The <i>Kaiser Wilhelm</i> does not, however, travel over <a name="Page_1419" id="Page_1419"></a>the shorter route +from Queenstown, but comes the longer way, from Southampton. She made +this trip in five days and twenty hours, beating the <i>St. Paul</i> by two +hours all but five minutes, and on her return trip beat her own record +by thirteen hours.</p> + +<p>Boat-builders are very enthusiastic over the speed of the new steamer, +and declare that it is only a matter of time when boats will be built +which will make the trip across the ocean in four days.</p> + +<p>The <i>Kaiser Wilhelm</i>, besides being such a fleet vessel, is beautifully +arranged for the comfort of passengers, and is considered a model ship +in every respect.</p> + +<p>The New York agents were so proud of their fine ship, that on her +arrival here after her first trip, they issued numbers of invitations to +people to visit her at her dock in Hoboken. The people responded in such +vast numbers that the docks were thronged, and the assistance of the +police had to be called in to prevent accidents.</p> + +<p>At the time of the great naval review at Spithead, in celebration of the +Queen's jubilee, the <i>Teutonic</i>, of the White Star line, was called on +to take part in the review as one of the naval reserve. We told you +about it on page 1,086.</p> + +<p>Our country is also taking active steps to secure a good naval reserve.</p> + +<p>At the present time there are forty-two vessels on the navy list which +could be used for war purposes in time of need. To make the number yet +larger, the Government has called upon all owners of large steamers and +steam yachts to give information of the size and strength of their +vessels, so that they can be added to the reserve list.<a name="Page_1420" id="Page_1420"></a></p> + +<p>There should be a good many available vessels among the many fine yachts +that sail our waters. We are as a nation extremely fond of yachting, and +almost every wealthy man we have possesses a craft of some kind. Many of +these yachts are models of build and speed, and should make excellent +gunboats.</p> + +<p>Some people have supposed that this inquiry into the ships available for +war service must mean that we are about to fight Spain, but they are +entirely mistaken. The Navy Department has realized that our navy is our +weakest point, and is doing its best to get it into such a fine +condition that we need not fear any foe either on land or sea.</p> + +<p>There is an old proverb which says, "In times of peace prepare for war," +and a very excellent proverb it is.</p> + +<p>The Navy Department is also most anxious to secure more seamen to man +its vessels, and to that end is opening recruiting offices in Chicago +and throughout the West. We need more sailors and more officers to +properly fit out our navy, and the department is making earnest efforts +to secure them.</p> + +<p>We are so short-handed at present that the cruiser <i>Philadelphia</i>, +returning from Hawaii, was obliged to transfer part of her officers and +crew to the <i>Baltimore</i>, which was to take her place at Honolulu. There +were not enough sailors available to man the <i>Baltimore</i> without this +exchange.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>It is said that the health of good old Oom Paul is failing, and that he +is not likely to live very long.<a name="Page_1421" id="Page_1421"></a></p> + +<p>In spite of this, the rugged old President of the Transvaal is so +anxious to be re-elected that he is going round the country making +speeches and trying to secure votes, as if he were still a young man.</p> + +<p>Oom Paul has three times been made President of the Transvaal. The +presidents of the South African Republic hold office for five years, so +the reins of government have been in this one man's hands for fifteen +years.</p> + +<p>He is opposed by General Joubert, the man who beat the English at the +battle of Majuba Hill.</p> + +<p>General Joubert is also much beloved by the people, and has twice before +opposed Oom Paul for the office of President, but there is little chance +of any other candidate being elected, so long as Paul Kruger is willing +to run for office.</p> + +<p>The Boers have a reverence and love for this great leader of theirs +which is touching. They regard him as the father of their country, and +feel it their duty to support him.</p> + +<p>One old man who was asked at the last election whether he meant to vote +for Kruger or Joubert, replied indignantly:</p> + +<p>"Paul Kruger is as my father; I am as his son. Do you think I would +disobey him?"</p> + +<p>As the majority of the voters in the Transvaal seem to feel in the same +way, there is little doubt that Oom Paul will be re-elected.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>There were grave murmurs against the city government the other day.</p> + +<p>One morning the papers appeared, telling in indig<a name="Page_1422" id="Page_1422"></a>nant words the story +of how the aldermen of the city of New York were about to give away the +right to build a railroad on the Kingsbridge Road.</p> + +<p>Now the people who know most about city government think that the +companies who desire the franchise which gives them the right to lay +tracks and run cars through certain streets, should be made to pay a +yearly sum to the city for the privilege.</p> + +<p>There has been a good deal of trouble over this Kingsbridge Road +franchise. Two companies have been anxious to secure it, but neither has +offered to pay its real value for it.</p> + +<p>The granting of the franchise is done by the vote of the Board of +Aldermen, who pass the resolution much in the same way that Congress +passes a bill, and send their resolution to the Mayor for his signature, +in the same manner that bills are sent to the President.</p> + +<p>In the matter of the Kingsbridge Road franchise neither of the companies +made much headway.</p> + +<p>Both companies were extremely anxious to get possession of the line, but +the aldermen were equally divided in their favor.</p> + +<p>At last a rumor got abroad that in their desire to get a decision the +companies were trying to influence the aldermen.</p> + +<p>A few days after this report was spread abroad, people were startled to +learn that the aldermen had reached a decision, and that the franchise +was to be given to the Third Avenue road, for a sum that was nothing +like its real value.</p> + +<p>There was a great outcry at once.</p> + +<p>The memory of the "Broadway Steal" in 1886 was <a name="Page_1423" id="Page_1423"></a>too fresh in people's +minds for them to be willing that it should be repeated.</p> + +<p>The newspapers started the cry, the law was invoked, and the aldermen +were forbidden to pass the franchise for the Kingsbridge Road until the +matter had been looked into.</p> + +<p>The aldermen were a good deal startled when these papers were served on +them. They remembered the Broadway trouble, and how three of a former +board of aldermen had been sent to prison, six had had to leave the +country, and four had only saved themselves from punishment by telling +the story of their crimes, and helping the authorities to punish their +fellow-sinners.</p> + +<p>The recollection of this worried the aldermen, but they determined to +meet the accusations against them, and asked their lawyer, Mr. Scott, to +go to court, and ask the judge to allow them to grant the franchise.</p> + +<p>Mr. Scott, however, refused. He told them that in his opinion they had +not the slightest right to pass that franchise, and he would not go into +court and plead for a thing which he knew to be wrong.</p> + +<p>The aldermen, much disturbed at this, decided to let the matter of the +franchise alone, and though there is some talk of looking more closely +into the matter, and finding if any bribery has been attempted by the +railroads, the chances are that now the danger is past the matter will +be allowed to rest.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">G.H.</span><span class="smcap">Rosenfeld.</span><br /> +<a name="Page_1424" id="Page_1424"></a></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>BOOK REVIEWS.</h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Wild Neighbors, Out-Door Studies in the United States</span>, by +Ernest Ingersoll, is a most interesting addition to the new books of the +year. It treats in a charming way of some of the better-known animals of +this country, and will be especially appreciated by those of our boys +who love out-door sport. It will prove instructive, as well. (The +publishers are Macmillan & Co., New York, and the price, $1.50.)</p> + +<p>Part of the author's description of the panther reminds your editor of +an interesting experience he had in the Adirondacks. Ingersoll says that +"'the blood-curdling screams' of the puma have furnished forth many a +fine tale for the camp-fire, but evidence of this screaming which will +bear sober cross-examination is scant." In the fall of 1875 we were +camping in a little clearing on the bank of the Racquette River; one of +our guides, an impulsive Frenchman, started out alone one night, without +waking us, and succeeded in shooting a deer. Down the river he came, +shouting and making a terrible racket to express his delight; the whole +party was awake and out of the tent by the time he reached the landing. +Lifting the deer out of the boat, we hung it up on a pole between two +trees, and then, brightening up the fire, sat around telling stories +until old Father Nod began to remind us that it was 3 <span class="smcap">a.m.</span>, and +not breakfast-time. Just then there came the most blood-curdling scream +I have ever heard, and it seemed so near us that we all jumped to our +feet and made a <a name="Page_1425" id="Page_1425"></a>dash for the guns. Our old guide reassured us by saying +that it was only a "painter," and he was "across the river." In the +morning we went over early, and there, sure enough, were his tracks in +the sand, looking very much like the prints of the palm of a boy's hand, +with a row of little holes on one side where the claws stuck in. I am +sure that if the author of "Wild Neighbors" had been with our party he +would not have been so sceptical about a panther's ability to scream. We +will forgive him because he tells so many good stories in this +interesting book of his.</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Old Mother Earth</span>," by Josephine Simpson and "<span class="smcap">The Story of +Washington</span>," by Jessie R. Smith.</p> + +<p>The first-named book is without doubt one of the very best in its line. +It adopts a simple, direct, natural way of unfolding the subject, and +cannot fail to interest the children in all they see around them.</p> + +<p>The "Story of Washington" is a little gem. The children would be +delighted to read it for themselves, and the illustrations are such that +children understand. It is beautifully bound for such a cheap little +book, and surely ought to find favor wherever it is carefully examined.<a name="Page_1426" id="Page_1426"></a></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>INVENTION AND DISCOVERY.</h2> + + +<p>TYPEWRITER FOR BOOKS.—We have for years had typewriters that would +write on loose pages of paper, but the making of a perfect machine that +could write in bound volumes has not been successfully accomplished +until the present time.</p> + +<p>A typewriting machine can write much more quickly than any penman—and +the work it does has the advantage of being easy to read, whereas very +few people write a clear and legible hand.</p> + +<p>In office work much of the writing to be done is making entries in books +and copying into ledgers.</p> + +<p>All this has had to be done by hand, and it has of course taken a much +longer time to do.</p> + +<p>By means of this new invention books can be kept and entries copied with +the same neatness and speed of an ordinary typewriter.</p> + +<p>The great difficulty in making a machine to do this work properly was +that it was not possible to have the paper move back and forth as it +does in typewriting machines generally. For bound books the paper must +remain still, and the type moves over the page in the same manner that +the pen does.</p> + +<p>The new book typewriter has mastered this difficulty. The page is held +firmly in a kind of frame, and the type moves with each letter or word +that it writes.</p> + +<p>In making entries in books, it is highly necessary to be sure that the +writing is correct—and so this machine has a simple little device which +lifts the type up and shows the writing underneath.</p> + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 50, October 21, 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + +***** This file should be named 16031-h.htm or 16031-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/0/3/16031/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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