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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 1, No. 48, October 7, 1897, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 48, October 7, 1897
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+Release Date: June 9, 2005 [EBook #16029]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD
+AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.]
+
+    VOL. 1   OCTOBER 7, 1897.   NO. 48
+
+=Copyright, 1897, by THE GREAT ROUND WORLD Publishing Company.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The peace negotiations are settled; that is to say, the plans suggested
+by Lord Salisbury, and agreed to by the Powers, have also been accepted
+by the Sultan.
+
+On the 18th of September, after a conference of three hours, the
+ambassadors and Tewfik Pasha signed their names to the treaty. As soon
+as this was done, Tewfik carried the document to the palace and obtained
+the Sultan's signature also.
+
+According to the terms of the treaty, the troops are to be withdrawn
+from Thessaly within one month after it goes into effect, and the Powers
+are to control the income of Greece until the war indemnity of fifteen
+million dollars shall be paid.
+
+Nothing now remains but for Greece to agree and for King George to sign
+his name beside that of the Sultan.
+
+Though every one must feel glad that peace has been made between these
+two warring nations, yet the terms are so hard for Greece that if she
+signs the treaty she will practically be signing away her independence
+as a nation.
+
+There is a very shameful story behind the Greco-Turkish war. In the
+histories that will be written about it, it will be recorded that Greece
+was sacrificed by Europe for the sake of Turkish gold.
+
+We have told you before of the money difficulties in Turkey, and that
+the Sultan has been called the "Sick Man of Europe" because of the
+unfortunate condition of his affairs, which were in such a deplorable
+state that it seemed as though the kingdom of Turkey must soon be
+swallowed up by the more powerful nations of Europe.
+
+The Turkish nation has been on the verge of bankruptcy for many years.
+To help the struggling Government along loans of money have been made at
+different times, and all that was of value in the country pledged as
+security for the repayment of the loans. Bonds were issued on these
+securities, but owing to the impoverished condition of the country they
+were of very little value, and at one time the Turkish bonds were the
+joke of the stock market. Still, the bonds existed, and their holders
+hoped at some time to get their money back.
+
+Few governments are wealthy enough to support themselves without
+borrowing money. In Europe most loans are arranged by the wealthy
+bankers, who demand security in return. We explained this matter to you
+in speaking of the quicksilver mines and the Rothschilds, on page 1023.
+
+Transactions of a similar character to that of the quicksilver mines
+have been entered into by almost all of the European countries, and the
+consequence is that there is hardly a foreign nation that is not under
+obligations to its moneyed men, or financiers, as they are called.
+
+The power of the financiers has become so great that they are now able
+to dictate the policy of Europe. Behind the will of kings and emperors
+is the will of these financiers. If the moneyed men refuse to lend their
+gold to a country, they may prevent its going to war, the erection of
+fine buildings, or the doing of many things that are necessary to keep
+up its proper position as a nation.
+
+When Greece, enraged that her Christian brothers should be under the
+thraldom of the heathen Turk, went to the rescue of Crete, all the brave
+men of Europe applauded the gallant little country for her pluck. But
+the brave men of Europe did not represent the money of Europe. The
+financiers who were at the back of the various Powers distinctly
+disapproved of the war. If Greece succeeded in whipping the Turks all
+the money invested in Turkey might be lost.
+
+In was well understood that Greece could not succeed in the struggle
+with Turkey unless some of the Powers came to her aid, and so the
+financiers warned the statesmen that Greece must not be helped; and
+because of the power of the financiers, and for the sake of the money
+involved, Greece was sacrificed, and Turkey permitted to be the victor.
+
+The whole situation was thoroughly understood by the Sultan, who laughed
+in his sleeve at the dilemma the Powers were in; and knowing that he was
+perfectly safe, and that they dare not declare war against him, he
+delayed the peace negotiations for months, and settled his army in
+Thessaly, to destroy the prosperity of the country.
+
+The position of Greece is now something deplorable. When she has given
+her consent to the terms of the treaty she will no longer be a free and
+independent nation, but a slave to the countries that control her
+treasury. While she still has her King seated on the throne, his power
+is no longer what it was. He can carry out no great schemes for his
+country's good, for he can enter into no plans, that involve the
+spending of money, without the consent of the Powers that are to manage
+his affairs.
+
+The plan that the Powers should control the treasury of Greece was not
+agreed upon until Germany, prompted by the financiers, insisted that
+Greece must lay money by to take care of her old debts, as well as of
+the new war payment.
+
+This is the story of the Greco-Turkish war. The great Powers stood
+quietly by and let Greece be sacrificed, and then insisted upon a
+shameful treaty, that will bring ruin and distress to a sister country,
+because the financiers were unwilling to lose money they had invested.
+
+The Powers are, however, by no means satisfied with the result of their
+fifteen weeks of deliberation and discussion. They feel that the Sultan
+has got much the best of them at every point, and even though he has
+agreed to do so, they are uncertain whether he intends to keep faith
+with them about either Crete or Thessaly.
+
+It is said that as soon as the first five million dollars is paid he
+will invent some fresh excuse for keeping his soldiers in Thessaly a
+little longer, and that he will lengthen the time little by little,
+until, in the end, he will retain possession of Thessaly altogether.
+
+He has already hinted that he does not mean to keep faith about Crete.
+
+He told the Italian ambassador the other day that in return for the good
+terms he had made with Greece he expected the Powers to be very lenient
+in regard to Crete.
+
+The ambassador, much surprised at this remark, ventured to remind the
+Sultan that Home Rule for Crete had already been agreed on.
+
+The crafty Sultan smiled and shrugged his shoulders, and intimated to
+the ambassador that the settlement of affairs in Crete was not quite so
+sure as he seemed to think.
+
+The conclusion of the peace has left every one weary and annoyed. The
+Powers evidently feel ashamed of the part they have taken in the affair,
+and are seeking to find an excuse for their own wrongdoings by blaming
+their representatives. It is therefore rumored that all the ambassadors
+at Constantinople are to be changed, because the Powers feel that they
+have been outwitted by the Sultan, and can no longer have any influence
+with him.
+
+It must not be supposed that the Greeks are taking the matter quietly.
+
+A feeling of intense indignation prevails throughout Greece.
+Mass-meetings have been held protesting against the treaty, bonfires
+have been built at which the people have eased their feelings by burning
+copies of the hated peace document. It is even thought that the Greek
+Congress, the Boulé, may refuse to accept the treaty as it stands.
+
+Some of the Greeks declare that the signing of the treaty will mean that
+Greece will cease to be a nation and become nothing more than a name.
+
+Were Greece a little stronger than she is, it is certain that she would
+reject the terms of peace, and continue the war with Turkey, but
+unfortunately she is in such a feeble condition that it looks as if she
+would have to do just as the Powers dictate.
+
+In spite of the anger and indignation of her people, Greece has very
+little choice but to accept the treaty as it stands.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Some excitement was caused last week by the rumor that General Woodford
+had informed the Spanish minister of foreign affairs that unless the war
+with Cuba was brought to a close in October, the United States would
+interfere.
+
+As you may suppose, this report caused a good deal of surprise. If it
+were true it could only mean that war was about to be declared with
+Spain.
+
+The rumor came from Paris, and there was much telegraphing back and
+forth to Washington, and interviewing persons in high positions, to know
+if this report was really true.
+
+It was a relief to everybody when word came from the Duke of Tetuan that
+his talk with General Woodford had been a very pleasant one, and that
+nothing but kind and friendly words had passed between them.
+
+It seems that General Woodford told the Duke that the United States
+considered the present state of affairs in Cuba most pitiable, and
+offered her good offices to bring the war to an end.
+
+The Duke of Tetuan, in repeating what our minister had said to him,
+stated that the whole conversation was most satisfactory, and that he
+was ready to talk further on the subject with General Woodford whenever
+he was prepared to do so.
+
+He absolutely denied that there was any talk of war, and General
+Woodford, on his part, declared that war would not be thought of until
+every other means had been tried.
+
+Spain's troubles are increasing daily, and it seems more than likely
+that she will be willing to accept our friendly intervention, and allow
+the cruel and expensive war in Cuba to cease.
+
+The report that more troops are to be sent to the island has been
+confirmed, but it is now said that only 6,000 will be sent, instead of
+the 27,000 promised.
+
+The reason for this is that Spain is having trouble in raising money.
+Money she must have, as her treasury is empty, and the enormous expenses
+of the war still continue.
+
+The new government that was formed after the death of Canovas does not
+seem to have the strength to deal with the situation. It is constantly
+rumored that it is about to resign, and that Señor Sagasta, who has such
+liberal views about Cuba, is to be called to form a new government.
+
+While things are in this state of uncertainty and public confidence is
+thus shaken, it is but natural that the financiers should be unwilling
+to loan Spain more money, lest they should not get it back.
+
+To add to the uncertainty it is rumored abroad that there is to be an
+immediate attempt by the Carlists to overthrow the Government and seize
+the throne of Spain.
+
+The poor Queen Regent is much worried with all this trouble. The loss of
+Canovas at the most critical moment of the Cuban war seems to have taken
+away all her courage, and it is said that she is very unhappy, and is
+constantly weeping over her boy, the young King Alphonso, for the poor
+mother fears she may not be strong enough to hold the crown of Spain for
+him.
+
+There is a story that in her distress the Queen Regent has sent a
+personal message to Don Carlos, begging him not to begin a civil war at
+a moment when Spain has so many other enemies to fight.
+
+A civil war is a war carried on between citizens of the same country.
+
+It is said that Don Carlos sent a very unkind reply to the Queen, and
+said that he should come forward just as soon as he felt that the
+country needed him.
+
+It is stated that he believes that war with the United States cannot be
+avoided, and that he intends to wait till war is declared, and then
+offer to save Spain if he is made king.
+
+His friends are all gathering at Lucerne to hold the council of which we
+spoke last week. The unhappy Queen Christine is waiting with much
+anxiety to learn what they decide to do.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In Cuba, the insurgents continue to be victorious. The Spaniards are
+being driven out of the inland towns, and their real strength is now
+only on the seaboard.
+
+Several unsuccessful attempts have been made by the Spaniards to
+recapture Victoria de las Tunas, and to break the power of the
+insurgents in Santiago de Cuba. The Cubans have, however, gained victory
+after victory, and have at last driven the Spaniards over the trocha,
+and utterly destroyed the town of Las Tunas. They were not strong enough
+to fortify and hold it, so they decided to burn it to the ground.
+
+In one of the engagements to recapture the town, General Luque, the
+Spanish commander, again exchanged prisoners with the Cubans, and in a
+letter to General Garcia, in reference to the matter, addressed him as
+the _Commander-in-Chief of the Cuban forces in the East_. The Cubans
+have sent this letter on to their representatives in Washington with
+instructions to bring it to the notice of our Government, to convince
+them that the Spaniards have really acknowledged the belligerent rights
+of the Cubans.
+
+The indignation in Spain over the loss of Las Tunas gave rise to such
+very severe comment on Weyler's bad generalship that he made up his mind
+to offer his resignation to his Government.
+
+The Prime Minister, General Azcarraga, however, replied to Weyler's
+message that he had perfect confidence in him and in his ability to
+bring the war to a speedy close, and would not permit him to resign.
+
+Weyler, gratified at this, at once sent one of his boastful and
+untruthful replies.
+
+He said that the war was all but over. He had still a little work to do
+before he could consider the West of the island entirely pacified, but
+that so soon as this was accomplished he would set out for Eastern Cuba
+and subdue that.
+
+The Government appeared to be perfectly satisfied with this statement,
+but it is strange that this should be the case.
+
+Months ago General Weyler said that Eastern Cuba was all but pacified,
+and that he was just about to finish his work there, and proceed to
+subdue Western Cuba. After a little while he declared Eastern Cuba
+pacified, and started off for his work in the West.
+
+Now he tells the same story about the West, and seems to forget that
+according to his own statement Eastern Cuba is subdued.
+
+If the great Spanish general keeps on at his present rate of progress,
+it will be a long time before he gets both ends of Cuba pacified at the
+same time.
+
+Weyler complains bitterly about the filibustering expeditions. He
+declares that the war could have been long since terminated if the
+United States had not given so much aid to the insurgents by allowing
+these expeditions to be fitted out in her ports.
+
+The _Dauntless_ has been successful in carrying three expeditions to
+Cuba lately.
+
+One of them was landed only a few miles from Havana, and passed within
+gunshot of the great fortress Morro Castle without being seen by any of
+the gunboats which are supposed to guard the shores.
+
+Weyler was furious that such a daring act should have been safely
+accomplished, and has written a severe letter to the Admiral in charge
+of the fleet, upbraiding him for his carelessness.
+
+In the last of her three expeditious the saucy little _Dauntless_ ran
+short of coal and water, and to the annoyance of the Spaniards the
+keeper of a lighthouse situated on one of the West Indian keys that
+belong to England gave the men the supplies they needed, and enabled
+them to make their third trip in safety.
+
+General Weyler has ordered an investigation of the matter, and intends
+to make a formal complaint to England about the action of the lighthouse
+keeper.
+
+The way the _Dauntless_ managed her three expeditions without being
+caught was very clever. All the stores, ammunition, arms, and men that
+were to be conveyed to Cuba were gradually gathered on one of the
+Florida keys. There are a great number of these little banks and islands
+stretching along the coast of Florida, and some of them are so difficult
+to reach, for any steamer that draws much water, that they make good
+hiding-places.
+
+When everything was in readiness the _Dauntless_ went down to the key,
+and one after the other took off her three loads. The hiding-place was
+so well chosen that no one knows exactly where it is, and if the Cubans
+keep their secret they will be able to send other expeditions in the
+same way.
+
+General Weyler has other anxieties on his mind just now. He is expecting
+the arrival of a new floating dock which has been built for him in
+England, at a cost of $900,000.
+
+This great dock is intended to be used as a dry-dock; that is to say, it
+is so made that ships can be lifted clear out of the water by it, so
+that they can be repaired, cleaned, or painted.
+
+There is no dry-dock in Cuban harbors, and it is very necessary to have
+one. Ships that cruise long in tropical waters are very apt to get their
+hulls covered with barnacles and sea-weed. These growths after a while
+prevent the ship from cutting easily through the water, and decrease her
+speed. All ships that are long in these southern seas have to have their
+hulls scraped every now and then. Many of the war-vessels that are now
+in Cuban waters have been a year without this necessary cleaning, and to
+make it possible to do the work in Cuba, without the loss of time
+necessary to go back to the Spanish navy yards, the Government has gone
+to the expense of building the floating dock.
+
+There have been no end of difficulties about the dock. When it was
+finished it was so big and heavy that it was very doubtful if any ship
+could safely tow it across the Atlantic. The shipbuilders added a false
+bow and stem to the dock, to make it cut its way through the water a
+little, and in this fashion it is now being brought to Cuba; but the
+gravest doubts are entertained as to the possibility of its ever
+reaching its destination. It is feared that in case of a severe storm
+the hawser, or strong rope by which it is towed, will part, and the
+costly floating dock be left drifting about the ocean, a danger to
+mariners.
+
+But this is not the half of the trouble over the dock.
+
+The greatest annoyance in regard to it is that it was built without
+properly considering the amount of water it would draw; that is to say,
+the depth of water necessary to float it.
+
+Now that the dock is on its way to Cuba, it is found that it draws too
+much water for the bay of Havana, and cannot be brought in and used
+there.
+
+When this unpleasant news was communicated to General Weyler, he cabled
+to his agent in New York, asking him to send a dredging-machine over to
+Havana immediately. To the General's mind the whole affair was simple
+enough: he would get a dredging-machine, scoop out a channel, and have
+the dock in place in no time.
+
+He was therefore much angered to receive a reply that there were several
+kinds of dredging-machines, and that to send him a machine that would do
+the work properly it would be necessary to know the nature of the soil
+of the bottom of the bay.
+
+Now no one has ever dredged Havana Bay since the city was first founded
+in the sixteenth century, and there are no means at hand of obtaining
+the desired information. There will therefore be some delay before the
+required investigation can be made.
+
+Added to this, the New York firm sent him word that a special machine
+will have to be constructed to dredge to the depth required by the
+floating-dock, that it will take six months to build such a machine, and
+another six months to dredge the bay. This makes one year before the
+$900,000 floating dock now on its way to Cuba can be of any use to
+Spain.
+
+It seems a cruel waste of money at an hour when Spain is so poor.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The election of Señor Domingo Mendez Capote as President of the Republic
+of Cuba has been confirmed. Bartolome Maso was made Vice-President, and
+Cisneros, the ex-president, was made leader of the Congress.
+
+General Gomez was appointed Minister of War, and General Garcia
+Commander-in-Chief of the army.
+
+The report says that at the commencement of the election it seemed as if
+there would be some trouble between the various candidates for office.
+Realizing that it would be fatal to the cause to have any bad feeling
+among the leaders, General Gomez proposed Señor Capote as a man who
+would be acceptable to all parties. Every one saw the wisdom of Gomez's
+suggestion, and Capote was elected.
+
+It is said that the new President has done a great deal to get the laws
+of Cuba in proper shape.
+
+All the Cubans seem to be satisfied with the result of the election.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The British have met with serious reverses in their frontier war.
+
+They were successful in relieving the forts in the Samana Hills that
+were attacked by the tribesmen, but two days after this work had been
+done they were forced to retreat.
+
+They were attacked by a large body of natives, who surrounded them, and
+but for a timely charge of cavalry would have routed them. As it was,
+the British retreat was orderly, and they lost none of their guns or
+baggage.
+
+The natives are delighted at their success, and especially because the
+troops they attacked were a portion of the force sent out to punish them
+for their rebellion.
+
+The Government in England is much distressed that the check should have
+occurred. For the sake of England's position in India it is necessary
+that the British should sweep all before them, and show the tribes that
+they are not to be trifled with. That the punishing expedition should
+have been beaten and forced to retreat will make the work England has to
+do in India still harder for her.
+
+The tribesmen are alive to the value of their victory, and have
+continued to attack the troops with the utmost persistence.
+
+The Haddah Mullah, the priest who has been so active in raising the
+rebellion, is again leading the tribes, and has roused his followers to
+such a pitch of enthusiasm that they do not show the slightest fear, and
+perform the most daring feats.
+
+On one occasion the British were drawn up in battle array, and had
+formed into the square, which is considered an invincible method of
+receiving an enemy. The Haddah Mullah and his followers attacked three
+sides of the square at the same time. The rebels were repulsed, but
+their wonderful courage was commented on by the British, who, after the
+engagement was over, found their bodies within a few yards of the
+muzzles of the guns. Such people are hard to defeat.
+
+It may interest you to know something about the square.
+
+This formation of troops is considered the strongest. It is used
+principally to repel cavalry or to resist a larger force. It has been in
+use since the sixteenth century.
+
+To form a square the troops are drawn up into a quadrangle, or square,
+the soldiers all standing so that they face outward. By this means each
+side of the square presents a solid front to the enemy, and it is
+wellnigh impossible for an attacking force to break through.
+
+In the sixteenth century the square was composed of a solid body of men;
+at the present time it is a hollow formation. The soldiers stand in
+ranks four or five deep, the officers, colors, and baggage being in the
+centre.
+
+The English are particularly partial to this formation, and it has long
+been the boast of the commanders that a British square has never been
+broken.
+
+The force of insurgents led by the Haddah Mullah attacked the English
+camp soon after nightfall. The soldiers were at once formed into a
+square around their baggage, and though, as we have said, the attack was
+fiercely made on three sides at once, the famous square stood firm, and
+the tribesmen were forced to retire.
+
+Ten batteries of artillery and eight regiments of cavalry have been
+ordered out from England to help suppress the insurrection in India.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is reported from the Soudan that a treaty of peace is about to be
+made between the Mahdi and Great Britain.
+
+The terms of the treaty are said to be that the Mahdi will not oppose
+the British forces advancing as far as Khartoum, and that they may
+station troops to keep possession of the land they have gained, but that
+they must not attempt to go a step farther. The Mahdi is to remain King
+of Khartoum.
+
+It is not yet known whether the terms of peace will be accepted by
+England.
+
+An interesting find was made at Berber. When the British troops entered
+the town they found on one of the boats in the river a uniform-case
+marked Gordon Pasha.
+
+The English officers to whom it was brought were much moved at the sight
+of an article that had once been the property of the unfortunate General
+Gordon, who was killed by the Mahdists at Khartoum on January 26, 1885.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is news of Professor Andrée.
+
+You remember that he started from Spitzbergen in a balloon, hoping to
+sail across the North Pole.
+
+A report from Arctic Russia says that on the night of September 14th the
+inhabitants of a little village saw a balloon which was believed to be
+that of Andrée's.
+
+A day or two after this a carrier-pigeon brought a despatch from the
+traveller.
+
+The tidings brought by this bird were that Andrée was making a good
+voyage to the eastward, and that all was going well.
+
+There is no doubt that this message is a genuine one from the explorer.
+The pigeon bore on its wings the same markings as on those which the
+adventurer carried with him. Scientists have, however, expressed their
+opinion that Andrée has failed to reach the Pole. The message of the
+bird and the direction in which the balloon was seen to be going have
+convinced them that Andrée has been carried eastward, and not across the
+Pole, as he had hoped.
+
+It is thought that by this time the gas in the balloon must have become
+exhausted, and that Andrée and his companions have had to cut loose from
+it, and are on the ice somewhere near Spitzbergen, and that they may
+perhaps be so fortunate as to drift near enough to civilization to be
+picked up and rescued.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Interesting news has reached us about Lieutenant Peary.
+
+He left Boston in July to see if he could not establish a settlement far
+to the north in Greenland, which should serve him as a base of supplies,
+or a place where he could leave the main part of his baggage, and to
+which he could send or return at will.
+
+Lieutenant Peary's plan for reaching the North Pole, when he sets out in
+1898, is to establish a number of Esquimau colonies at certain distances
+apart, and leave supplies with each colony on which he can fall back in
+case of need.
+
+He reports that he will have no difficulty in carrying out his plan. He
+met a number of old friends among the Esquimaux, all of whom were eager
+to help him in his work of exploring the north of Greenland and
+searching for the North Pole. He has every hope that the new trip which
+he is about to undertake will be a successful one.
+
+Lieutenant Peary reports that he is bringing with him the great Cape
+York meteorite, which he intends to place in the American Museum of
+Natural History in New York.
+
+A meteorite is a fallen meteor or star, a mass of metal that has fallen
+upon the earth from space. It is often called a fallen star.
+
+From the earliest times to the present there is a record of 520
+meteorites having fallen upon the earth; 142 of this number fell in the
+United States; 13 were seen to fall.
+
+Forty-five years ago a traveller visiting Greenland noticed that the
+natives used some kind of metal with which they put tips and edges on
+their weapons. On inquiry they told him that they obtained it from some
+large stones, but they could not or would not show him where the stones
+were to be found.
+
+Lieutenant Peary determined to find them, as he suspected that they were
+meteorites, and after a long and careful search he found them on
+Melville Bay, a little east of Cape York.
+
+There were three rocks, all of uncommonly large size, and on examination
+they proved to be meteorites, one of them being the largest ever found.
+
+In 1895 the two smaller ones were brought back by Lieutenant Peary; but
+before he was able to move the larger one, the ice began to form in the
+bay, and not wishing to be blocked in for the winter, he had to leave
+the prize where it was.
+
+Last year he made another effort to secure the big stone, but the
+machinery he was using to raise it got out of order, and he again had to
+abandon the attempt.
+
+Now a message comes from Sydney, a port on Cape Breton, Nova Scotia,
+which says that he has arrived safely, bringing with him the famous
+meteorite.
+
+When his vessel, the _Hope_, steamed into port she was in a very
+battered condition. She had encountered so many storms and such furious
+seas that her bulwarks had been washed away.
+
+In addition to this she was burning her last ton of coal as she steamed
+into port, and so her crew must have been very glad when they sighted
+land.
+
+We have not yet heard how the big meteorite was wrenched from its icy
+bed, and it is probable that when the _Hope_ reaches New York we shall
+have an interesting story to tell you about it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The news from the Sandwich Islands is of a very pleasant character.
+
+The Hawaiian Senate met in extra session, and agreed to the annexation
+of the islands to the United States. There was not one vote against it,
+and so the treaty was ratified by a "unanimous vote" of the Senate.
+
+Every Senator was in his seat as the roll was called, and nearly every
+one had a good word to say for annexation.
+
+A protest against the treaty was handed to the President, and considered
+by the Senate before the treaty was ratified.
+
+The Senators did not regard the protest as worthy of much consideration,
+as it was signed by but fifteen persons, all of whom were friends of the
+ex-queen. They therefore regarded it as a political scheme arranged by
+those royalists who still have hopes of restoring the monarchy.
+
+It is said that Liliuokalani has a new plan for the throne of Hawaii.
+She has come to the conclusion that the people of the Sandwich Islands
+want neither her nor her rule any longer. She did so many bad things
+while she was queen that the people who would like to see the monarchy
+restored would not be willing that she should be queen again.
+
+Liliuokalani has therefore decided to resign the throne in favor of her
+niece, the Princess Kaiulani.
+
+This young lady is a charming and well-educated person, and the old
+Queen is wise enough to know that none of the objections which people
+have to her could apply to Kaiulani.
+
+If the plan is successful, the young Queen is to make ample provision
+for Liliuokalani.
+
+Meanwhile Japan has agreed to arbitrate the immigration question, but
+refuses to consider the matter from the Hawaiian point of view.
+
+The complaint which was made against Japan in the first instance was
+that she evaded the law which provided that every immigrant must have a
+contract for labor and fifty dollars in cash in his pocket, by giving
+false contracts and lending the required fifty dollars, which immigrants
+gave back as soon as they were safely landed.
+
+The Japanese refuse to enter into the question whether this fifty
+dollars was fraudulently supplied. They say that so long as each man
+had fifty dollars in his possession, it was nobody's business where or
+how he got it. They persistently refuse to arbitrate this point, which
+seems to be the most important of all the questions involved.
+
+The Japanese are continuing to send large numbers of emigrants to
+Honolulu, and the Hawaiians have become very much alarmed about it.
+
+They insist that the new colonists are Japanese soldiers disguised as
+laborers, and that the Mikado is sending them over to be in readiness to
+fight for the possession of the country in case the United States
+decides to annex it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The strike in Hazleton is now over, but the settlement has not been made
+without a good deal of trouble and anxiety.
+
+When the state troops ordered out by the Governor arrived in the town,
+some of the men decided to go to work under the protection of the
+troops. The spirit of the strikers had been broken by the firing of the
+Sheriff and his posse, and many of the men who were peaceably inclined
+thought the best thing to do was to go back to work.
+
+The women did not agree with them. The wives and mothers of the
+unfortunate men who had been killed declared that their dear ones should
+not have been sacrificed for nothing; and as the men refused to continue
+the strike, the women decided to go on with it for them.
+
+A strike is of no use unless all the men stand together and hold out for
+their point. The women understood this perfectly, and they determined
+that the men should stand together.
+
+Arming themselves with sticks, they set out in a body for the mines that
+were being worked, and under the very noses of the soldiers raided the
+works and drove the men out.
+
+The next morning the men, still determined to go to work, started out in
+a body for the mines. On their way they were met by a body of women, who
+drove them back with threats and scoldings to their homes again.
+
+The general in command of the state troops then decided that it was time
+for him to interfere, and on the third day, when the women attempted to
+stop the men, the troops were ordered to disperse them.
+
+To frighten the women the officers ordered their men to fix their
+bayonets and advance on the women as if they meant to charge them.
+
+The two bodies met--the women brandishing their sticks, and the men with
+their glittering bayonets pointed at this unusual foe.
+
+The women were, however, not deceived. They refused to believe that the
+soldiers would charge them, and when they saw the men advancing they
+began to laugh. This laugh was rapidly taken up by the soldiers; and the
+two parties facing each other, brandishing their weapons and laughing,
+must have been a curious sight.
+
+For some time the women stood their ground, but finally became convinced
+that, though the soldiers were not going to do them any harm, they did
+not mean to allow them to pass or to do any mischief of their own. They
+then fell back, and returned to their homes; and the women being
+disposed of, the miners went peaceably to their work.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The sheriff and the deputies who did the shooting in Hazleton have been
+arrested.
+
+At the first hearing the judge decided that there was a grave cause of
+complaint against the men, and so he ordered that they should be tried
+before a jury to find whether they were guilty of murdering the rioters.
+
+As they were all respectable men, who were not likely to run away, the
+judge allowed them to furnish bail. That is to say, he said that if they
+could each find a friend who would give the court $6,000 as a surety
+that they would come up for trial when their case was called, they might
+go free in the mean time.
+
+Each of the accused men was able to furnish the required bail, and so
+they are all at liberty for the present.
+
+        *       *       *       *       *
+
+Queen Christina of Spain is not the only queen regent in Europe. The
+Government of Holland is also in the hands of a queen mother, who is
+guiding the affairs of state for her young daughter, Queen Wilhelmina.
+
+The fact has been brought to our notice by the announcement of Queen
+Emma that her daughter will be eighteen years old next August, and will
+then assume the cares of government.
+
+Queen Emma has been Regent of the Netherlands since 1890, when her
+husband King William III. became insane, and was declared to be
+incapable of governing.
+
+The little Wilhelmina was then ten years old. She is now a grown-up
+young lady, and there is quite a stir among the royal families of Europe
+to find a suitable husband for her.
+
+A marriage has been proposed for her with Prince Alexander of Teck,
+whose sister is the wife of the Duke of York, and will probably one day
+be Queen of England. The Duke of York is the son of the Prince of Wales.
+
+The young Prince of Teck has been sent to Holland to visit the young
+Queen at her castle of Loo, but as yet the Queen has neither refused nor
+accepted him.
+
+It is rumored that Prince Alexander of Teck hopes that Wilhelmina will
+refuse him, as he is very anxious to marry a young American of great
+wealth.
+
+This is a very romantic story, and very pleasing to our national vanity
+to think that one of the daughters of America may some day be closely
+related to the Queen of England, but it is a very remote contingency,
+and not very likely to occur.
+
+                                                      G.H. ROSENFELD.
+
+
+
+
+INVENTION AND DISCOVERY.
+
+
+Tennessee has the latest thing in bicycles.
+
+It seems that the wheel craze is just as rampant there as it is in our
+own fair city of New York, but that the facilities for owning machines
+are not as great there as here.
+
+To overcome this, a bright-minded individual has invented a new device,
+which is certainly the most ingenious we have yet heard of.
+
+It is a "nickel-in-the-slot" bicycle, and probably works somewhat on the
+principle of the "quarter-in-the-slot" gas-meter, which for every
+twenty-five cents put in, releases just that coin's worth of gas to
+illuminate your house.
+
+The bicycle, however, is arranged in such a manner that for every
+five-cent piece dropped in the slot it will run exactly five miles.
+
+There is not the slightest fear of the rider forgetting to renew the
+nickel when he has ridden his five cents' worth; nor is there any chance
+of his cheating the wheel out of an extra mile--or half inch, for the
+matter of that.
+
+When the end of the five miles is reached the honest wheel stops dead.
+Whether it throws its rider over its head or not is a matter of no
+moment to it. It stops then and there, and refuses to move another foot
+until it is re-fed with a fresh nickel. Then it will bound along again
+as peacefully as before.
+
+The story does not say whether a device in the form of a small red flag
+shoots out from any portion of the wheel to give a warning when the next
+"lap's" rent is due. But without some such plan we should doubt whether
+this kind of wheel would ever become very popular; for while four miles
+and three quarters might be ridden with much peaceful enjoyment, the
+last quarter of a mile would be filled with terrors that would spoil the
+pleasure of the nicest ride ever attempted.
+
+                                                       G.H.R.
+
+
+
+
+LETTERS FROM OUR YOUNG FRIENDS.
+
+
+     DEAR EDITOR:
+
+     Where can the "pocket protector" and scissors-sharpening
+     machine, mentioned in THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, be obtained.
+                                                 MRS. M.F.
+
+     NORTHFIELD, MINN., Aug. 4th, 1897.
+
+
+DEAR MADAM:
+
+We are not able to tell you where the above articles are manufactured,
+but you could obtain them through the agency of any reliable,
+first-class hardware store. In all such stores they have illustrated
+catalogues of the various articles manufactured in their line of goods,
+and you should have no difficulty in finding both the pocket protector
+and the scissors sharpener.
+
+                                                 EDITOR.
+
+
+     DEAR EDITOR:
+
+     I have never written to you before, so you don't know my
+     name. Papa is on the school committee, so you sent him a
+     sample copy. I saw it, and was very much interested in it. I
+     am extremely fond of reading and have read at least ten
+     different histories. And with one exception I like your
+     little book best of all. You can imagine how well I like to
+     read when I tell you I am eleven years old, and have read
+     over seven hundred prose books, and the books of ten
+     different poets. I could read primary lessons when I was
+     three years old.
+
+                                            Yours truly,
+                                                 ELEANOR J.L.
+
+     P.S.--I am going to earn money so I can subscribe.
+     NEWBURYPORT, MASS., Sept. 7th, 1897.
+
+
+DEAR ELEANOR:
+
+We are delighted to hear from you, and to have the indorsement of such a
+bright little critic as you must be after all that you have read.
+
+Would you not like to have our premium list and learn the easiest way
+for you to become a subscriber?
+
+                                                 EDITOR.
+
+
+     DEAR EDITOR:
+
+     Your little magazine is of great interest to me, as I am
+     sure it is to many others. I am especially interested in the
+     accounts you give of the search for the North Pole. I do
+     hope that soon _somebody_ will succeed in reaching it, so as
+     to tell us just what kind of a region it is.
+
+     I hope that the Cubans will soon gain their liberty for I
+     think they surely deserve it.
+
+     Wishing THE GREAT ROUND WORLD great success, and a long
+     life, I remain,
+
+                                 Your most devoted reader,
+                                                 ALISON H.
+
+     BREWSTER, CAPE COD, MASS., Sept. 7th, 1897.
+
+
+DEAR ALISON:
+
+Many thanks for your nice kind letter, and for the good wishes contained
+in it.                 EDITOR.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 48, October 7, 1897, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+***** This file should be named 16029-8.txt or 16029-8.zip *****
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+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 48, October 7, 1897, by Julia Truitt Bishop.
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 1, No. 48, October 7, 1897, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 48, October 7, 1897
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+Release Date: June 9, 2005 [EBook #16029]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+<p><a name="Page_1343" id="Page_1343"></a></p>
+
+<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/title.png" alt="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" title="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" /></p>
+
+<div class='center'><b><span class='smcap'>Vol.</span> 1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class='smcap'>October</span> 7, 1897.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class='smcap'>No.</span> 48</b></div>
+
+<div class='center'><b>Copyright, 1897, by <span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span> Publishing Company.</b></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<p>The peace negotiations are settled; that is to say, the plans suggested
+by Lord Salisbury, and agreed to by the Powers, have also been accepted
+by the Sultan.</p>
+
+<p>On the 18th of September, after a conference of three hours, the
+ambassadors and Tewfik Pasha signed their names to the treaty. As soon
+as this was done, Tewfik carried the document to the palace and obtained
+the Sultan's signature also.</p>
+
+<p>According to the terms of the treaty, the troops are to be withdrawn
+from Thessaly within one month after it goes into effect, and the Powers
+are to control the income of Greece until the war indemnity of fifteen
+million dollars shall be paid.</p>
+
+<p>Nothing now remains but for Greece to agree and for King George to sign
+his name beside that of the Sultan.</p>
+
+<p>Though every one must feel glad that peace has been made between these
+two warring nations, yet the terms are so hard for Greece that if she
+signs <a name="Page_1344" id="Page_1344"></a>the treaty she will practically be signing away her independence
+as a nation.</p>
+
+<p>There is a very shameful story behind the Greco-Turkish war. In the
+histories that will be written about it, it will be recorded that Greece
+was sacrificed by Europe for the sake of Turkish gold.</p>
+
+<p>We have told you before of the money difficulties in Turkey, and that
+the Sultan has been called the "Sick Man of Europe" because of the
+unfortunate condition of his affairs, which were in such a deplorable
+state that it seemed as though the kingdom of Turkey must soon be
+swallowed up by the more powerful nations of Europe.</p>
+
+<p>The Turkish nation has been on the verge of bankruptcy for many years.
+To help the struggling Government along loans of money have been made at
+different times, and all that was of value in the country pledged as
+security for the repayment of the loans. Bonds were issued on these
+securities, but owing to the impoverished condition of the country they
+were of very little value, and at one time the Turkish bonds were the
+joke of the stock market. Still, the bonds existed, and their holders
+hoped at some time to get their money back.</p>
+
+<p>Few governments are wealthy enough to support themselves without
+borrowing money. In Europe most loans are arranged by the wealthy
+bankers, who demand security in return. We explained this matter to you
+in speaking of the quicksilver mines and the Rothschilds, on page 1023.</p>
+
+<p>Transactions of a similar character to that of the quicksilver mines
+have been entered into by almost all of the European countries, and the
+consequence <a name="Page_1345" id="Page_1345"></a>is that there is hardly a foreign nation that is not under
+obligations to its moneyed men, or financiers, as they are called.</p>
+
+<p>The power of the financiers has become so great that they are now able
+to dictate the policy of Europe. Behind the will of kings and emperors
+is the will of these financiers. If the moneyed men refuse to lend their
+gold to a country, they may prevent its going to war, the erection of
+fine buildings, or the doing of many things that are necessary to keep
+up its proper position as a nation.</p>
+
+<p>When Greece, enraged that her Christian brothers should be under the
+thraldom of the heathen Turk, went to the rescue of Crete, all the brave
+men of Europe applauded the gallant little country for her pluck. But
+the brave men of Europe did not represent the money of Europe. The
+financiers who were at the back of the various Powers distinctly
+disapproved of the war. If Greece succeeded in whipping the Turks all
+the money invested in Turkey might be lost.</p>
+
+<p>In was well understood that Greece could not succeed in the struggle
+with Turkey unless some of the Powers came to her aid, and so the
+financiers warned the statesmen that Greece must not be helped; and
+because of the power of the financiers, and for the sake of the money
+involved, Greece was sacrificed, and Turkey permitted to be the victor.</p>
+
+<p>The whole situation was thoroughly understood by the Sultan, who laughed
+in his sleeve at the dilemma the Powers were in; and knowing that he was
+perfectly safe, and that they dare not declare war against him, he
+delayed the peace negotiations for <a name="Page_1346" id="Page_1346"></a>months, and settled his army in
+Thessaly, to destroy the prosperity of the country.</p>
+
+<p>The position of Greece is now something deplorable. When she has given
+her consent to the terms of the treaty she will no longer be a free and
+independent nation, but a slave to the countries that control her
+treasury. While she still has her King seated on the throne, his power
+is no longer what it was. He can carry out no great schemes for his
+country's good, for he can enter into no plans, that involve the
+spending of money, without the consent of the Powers that are to manage
+his affairs.</p>
+
+<p>The plan that the Powers should control the treasury of Greece was not
+agreed upon until Germany, prompted by the financiers, insisted that
+Greece must lay money by to take care of her old debts, as well as of
+the new war payment.</p>
+
+<p>This is the story of the Greco-Turkish war. The great Powers stood
+quietly by and let Greece be sacrificed, and then insisted upon a
+shameful treaty, that will bring ruin and distress to a sister country,
+because the financiers were unwilling to lose money they had invested.</p>
+
+<p>The Powers are, however, by no means satisfied with the result of their
+fifteen weeks of deliberation and discussion. They feel that the Sultan
+has got much the best of them at every point, and even though he has
+agreed to do so, they are uncertain whether he intends to keep faith
+with them about either Crete or Thessaly.</p>
+
+<p>It is said that as soon as the first five million dollars is paid he
+will invent some fresh excuse for keeping his soldiers in Thessaly a
+little longer, and <a name="Page_1347" id="Page_1347"></a>that he will lengthen the time little by little,
+until, in the end, he will retain possession of Thessaly altogether.</p>
+
+<p>He has already hinted that he does not mean to keep faith about Crete.</p>
+
+<p>He told the Italian ambassador the other day that in return for the good
+terms he had made with Greece he expected the Powers to be very lenient
+in regard to Crete.</p>
+
+<p>The ambassador, much surprised at this remark, ventured to remind the
+Sultan that Home Rule for Crete had already been agreed on.</p>
+
+<p>The crafty Sultan smiled and shrugged his shoulders, and intimated to
+the ambassador that the settlement of affairs in Crete was not quite so
+sure as he seemed to think.</p>
+
+<p>The conclusion of the peace has left every one weary and annoyed. The
+Powers evidently feel ashamed of the part they have taken in the affair,
+and are seeking to find an excuse for their own wrongdoings by blaming
+their representatives. It is therefore rumored that all the ambassadors
+at Constantinople are to be changed, because the Powers feel that they
+have been outwitted by the Sultan, and can no longer have any influence
+with him.</p>
+
+<p>It must not be supposed that the Greeks are taking the matter quietly.</p>
+
+<p>A feeling of intense indignation prevails throughout Greece.
+Mass-meetings have been held protesting against the treaty, bonfires
+have been built at which the people have eased their feelings by burning
+copies of the hated peace document. It is even <a name="Page_1348" id="Page_1348"></a>thought that the Greek
+Congress, the Boul&eacute;, may refuse to accept the treaty as it stands.</p>
+
+<p>Some of the Greeks declare that the signing of the treaty will mean that
+Greece will cease to be a nation and become nothing more than a name.</p>
+
+<p>Were Greece a little stronger than she is, it is certain that she would
+reject the terms of peace, and continue the war with Turkey, but
+unfortunately she is in such a feeble condition that it looks as if she
+would have to do just as the Powers dictate.</p>
+
+<p>In spite of the anger and indignation of her people, Greece has very
+little choice but to accept the treaty as it stands.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Some excitement was caused last week by the rumor that General Woodford
+had informed the Spanish minister of foreign affairs that unless the war
+with Cuba was brought to a close in October, the United States would
+interfere.</p>
+
+<p>As you may suppose, this report caused a good deal of surprise. If it
+were true it could only mean that war was about to be declared with
+Spain.</p>
+
+<p>The rumor came from Paris, and there was much telegraphing back and
+forth to Washington, and interviewing persons in high positions, to know
+if this report was really true.</p>
+
+<p>It was a relief to everybody when word came from the Duke of Tetuan that
+his talk with General Woodford had been a very pleasant one, and that
+nothing but kind and friendly words had passed between them.<a name="Page_1349" id="Page_1349"></a></p>
+
+<p>It seems that General Woodford told the Duke that the United States
+considered the present state of affairs in Cuba most pitiable, and
+offered her good offices to bring the war to an end.</p>
+
+<p>The Duke of Tetuan, in repeating what our minister had said to him,
+stated that the whole conversation was most satisfactory, and that he
+was ready to talk further on the subject with General Woodford whenever
+he was prepared to do so.</p>
+
+<p>He absolutely denied that there was any talk of war, and General
+Woodford, on his part, declared that war would not be thought of until
+every other means had been tried.</p>
+
+<p>Spain's troubles are increasing daily, and it seems more than likely
+that she will be willing to accept our friendly intervention, and allow
+the cruel and expensive war in Cuba to cease.</p>
+
+<p>The report that more troops are to be sent to the island has been
+confirmed, but it is now said that only 6,000 will be sent, instead of
+the 27,000 promised.</p>
+
+<p>The reason for this is that Spain is having trouble in raising money.
+Money she must have, as her treasury is empty, and the enormous expenses
+of the war still continue.</p>
+
+<p>The new government that was formed after the death of Canovas does not
+seem to have the strength to deal with the situation. It is constantly
+rumored that it is about to resign, and that Se&ntilde;or Sagasta, who has such
+liberal views about Cuba, is to be called to form a new government.</p>
+
+<p>While things are in this state of uncertainty and public confidence is
+thus shaken, it is but natural that <a name="Page_1350" id="Page_1350"></a>the financiers should be unwilling
+to loan Spain more money, lest they should not get it back.</p>
+
+<p>To add to the uncertainty it is rumored abroad that there is to be an
+immediate attempt by the Carlists to overthrow the Government and seize
+the throne of Spain.</p>
+
+<p>The poor Queen Regent is much worried with all this trouble. The loss of
+Canovas at the most critical moment of the Cuban war seems to have taken
+away all her courage, and it is said that she is very unhappy, and is
+constantly weeping over her boy, the young King Alphonso, for the poor
+mother fears she may not be strong enough to hold the crown of Spain for
+him.</p>
+
+<p>There is a story that in her distress the Queen Regent has sent a
+personal message to Don Carlos, begging him not to begin a civil war at
+a moment when Spain has so many other enemies to fight.</p>
+
+<p>A civil war is a war carried on between citizens of the same country.</p>
+
+<p>It is said that Don Carlos sent a very unkind reply to the Queen, and
+said that he should come forward just as soon as he felt that the
+country needed him.</p>
+
+<p>It is stated that he believes that war with the United States cannot be
+avoided, and that he intends to wait till war is declared, and then
+offer to save Spain if he is made king.</p>
+
+<p>His friends are all gathering at Lucerne to hold the council of which we
+spoke last week. The unhappy Queen Christine is waiting with much
+anxiety to learn what they decide to do.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' /><p><a name="Page_1351" id="Page_1351"></a></p>
+
+<p>In Cuba, the insurgents continue to be victorious. The Spaniards are
+being driven out of the inland towns, and their real strength is now
+only on the seaboard.</p>
+
+<p>Several unsuccessful attempts have been made by the Spaniards to
+recapture Victoria de las Tunas, and to break the power of the
+insurgents in Santiago de Cuba. The Cubans have, however, gained victory
+after victory, and have at last driven the Spaniards over the trocha,
+and utterly destroyed the town of Las Tunas. They were not strong enough
+to fortify and hold it, so they decided to burn it to the ground.</p>
+
+<p>In one of the engagements to recapture the town, General Luque, the
+Spanish commander, again exchanged prisoners with the Cubans, and in a
+letter to General Garcia, in reference to the matter, addressed him as
+the <i>Commander-in-Chief of the Cuban forces in the East</i>. The Cubans
+have sent this letter on to their representatives in Washington with
+instructions to bring it to the notice of our Government, to convince
+them that the Spaniards have really acknowledged the belligerent rights
+of the Cubans.</p>
+
+<p>The indignation in Spain over the loss of Las Tunas gave rise to such
+very severe comment on Weyler's bad generalship that he made up his mind
+to offer his resignation to his Government.</p>
+
+<p>The Prime Minister, General Azcarraga, however, replied to Weyler's
+message that he had perfect confidence in him and in his ability to
+bring the war to a speedy close, and would not permit him to resign.<a name="Page_1352" id="Page_1352"></a></p>
+
+<p>Weyler, gratified at this, at once sent one of his boastful and
+untruthful replies.</p>
+
+<p>He said that the war was all but over. He had still a little work to do
+before he could consider the West of the island entirely pacified, but
+that so soon as this was accomplished he would set out for Eastern Cuba
+and subdue that.</p>
+
+<p>The Government appeared to be perfectly satisfied with this statement,
+but it is strange that this should be the case.</p>
+
+<p>Months ago General Weyler said that Eastern Cuba was all but pacified,
+and that he was just about to finish his work there, and proceed to
+subdue Western Cuba. After a little while he declared Eastern Cuba
+pacified, and started off for his work in the West.</p>
+
+<p>Now he tells the same story about the West, and seems to forget that
+according to his own statement Eastern Cuba is subdued.</p>
+
+<p>If the great Spanish general keeps on at his present rate of progress,
+it will be a long time before he gets both ends of Cuba pacified at the
+same time.</p>
+
+<p>Weyler complains bitterly about the filibustering expeditions. He
+declares that the war could have been long since terminated if the
+United States had not given so much aid to the insurgents by allowing
+these expeditions to be fitted out in her ports.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Dauntless</i> has been successful in carrying three expeditions to
+Cuba lately.</p>
+
+<p>One of them was landed only a few miles from Havana, and passed within
+gunshot of the great fortress Morro Castle without being seen by any of
+the gunboats which are supposed to guard the shores.<a name="Page_1353" id="Page_1353"></a></p>
+
+<p>Weyler was furious that such a daring act should have been safely
+accomplished, and has written a severe letter to the Admiral in charge
+of the fleet, upbraiding him for his carelessness.</p>
+
+<p>In the last of her three expeditious the saucy little <i>Dauntless</i> ran
+short of coal and water, and to the annoyance of the Spaniards the
+keeper of a lighthouse situated on one of the West Indian keys that
+belong to England gave the men the supplies they needed, and enabled
+them to make their third trip in safety.</p>
+
+<p>General Weyler has ordered an investigation of the matter, and intends
+to make a formal complaint to England about the action of the lighthouse
+keeper.</p>
+
+<p>The way the <i>Dauntless</i> managed her three expeditions without being
+caught was very clever. All the stores, ammunition, arms, and men that
+were to be conveyed to Cuba were gradually gathered on one of the
+Florida keys. There are a great number of these little banks and islands
+stretching along the coast of Florida, and some of them are so difficult
+to reach, for any steamer that draws much water, that they make good
+hiding-places.</p>
+
+<p>When everything was in readiness the <i>Dauntless</i> went down to the key,
+and one after the other took off her three loads. The hiding-place was
+so well chosen that no one knows exactly where it is, and if the Cubans
+keep their secret they will be able to send other expeditions in the
+same way.</p>
+
+<p>General Weyler has other anxieties on his mind just now. He is expecting
+the arrival of a new floating dock which has been built for him in
+England, at a cost of $900,000.<a name="Page_1354" id="Page_1354"></a></p>
+
+<p>This great dock is intended to be used as a dry-dock; that is to say, it
+is so made that ships can be lifted clear out of the water by it, so
+that they can be repaired, cleaned, or painted.</p>
+
+<p>There is no dry-dock in Cuban harbors, and it is very necessary to have
+one. Ships that cruise long in tropical waters are very apt to get their
+hulls covered with barnacles and sea-weed. These growths after a while
+prevent the ship from cutting easily through the water, and decrease her
+speed. All ships that are long in these southern seas have to have their
+hulls scraped every now and then. Many of the war-vessels that are now
+in Cuban waters have been a year without this necessary cleaning, and to
+make it possible to do the work in Cuba, without the loss of time
+necessary to go back to the Spanish navy yards, the Government has gone
+to the expense of building the floating dock.</p>
+
+<p>There have been no end of difficulties about the dock. When it was
+finished it was so big and heavy that it was very doubtful if any ship
+could safely tow it across the Atlantic. The shipbuilders added a false
+bow and stem to the dock, to make it cut its way through the water a
+little, and in this fashion it is now being brought to Cuba; but the
+gravest doubts are entertained as to the possibility of its ever
+reaching its destination. It is feared that in case of a severe storm
+the hawser, or strong rope by which it is towed, will part, and the
+costly floating dock be left drifting about the ocean, a danger to
+mariners.</p>
+
+<p>But this is not the half of the trouble over the dock.</p>
+
+<p>The greatest annoyance in regard to it is that it <a name="Page_1355" id="Page_1355"></a>was built without
+properly considering the amount of water it would draw; that is to say,
+the depth of water necessary to float it.</p>
+
+<p>Now that the dock is on its way to Cuba, it is found that it draws too
+much water for the bay of Havana, and cannot be brought in and used
+there.</p>
+
+<p>When this unpleasant news was communicated to General Weyler, he cabled
+to his agent in New York, asking him to send a dredging-machine over to
+Havana immediately. To the General's mind the whole affair was simple
+enough: he would get a dredging-machine, scoop out a channel, and have
+the dock in place in no time.</p>
+
+<p>He was therefore much angered to receive a reply that there were several
+kinds of dredging-machines, and that to send him a machine that would do
+the work properly it would be necessary to know the nature of the soil
+of the bottom of the bay.</p>
+
+<p>Now no one has ever dredged Havana Bay since the city was first founded
+in the sixteenth century, and there are no means at hand of obtaining
+the desired information. There will therefore be some delay before the
+required investigation can be made.</p>
+
+<p>Added to this, the New York firm sent him word that a special machine
+will have to be constructed to dredge to the depth required by the
+floating-dock, that it will take six months to build such a machine, and
+another six months to dredge the bay. This makes one year before the
+$900,000 floating dock now on its way to Cuba can be of any use to
+Spain.</p>
+
+<p>It seems a cruel waste of money at an hour when Spain is so poor.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' /><p><a name="Page_1356" id="Page_1356"></a></p>
+
+<p>The election of Se&ntilde;or Domingo Mendez Capote as President of the Republic
+of Cuba has been confirmed. Bartolome Maso was made Vice-President, and
+Cisneros, the ex-president, was made leader of the Congress.</p>
+
+<p>General Gomez was appointed Minister of War, and General Garcia
+Commander-in-Chief of the army.</p>
+
+<p>The report says that at the commencement of the election it seemed as if
+there would be some trouble between the various candidates for office.
+Realizing that it would be fatal to the cause to have any bad feeling
+among the leaders, General Gomez proposed Se&ntilde;or Capote as a man who
+would be acceptable to all parties. Every one saw the wisdom of Gomez's
+suggestion, and Capote was elected.</p>
+
+<p>It is said that the new President has done a great deal to get the laws
+of Cuba in proper shape.</p>
+
+<p>All the Cubans seem to be satisfied with the result of the election.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The British have met with serious reverses in their frontier war.</p>
+
+<p>They were successful in relieving the forts in the Samana Hills that
+were attacked by the tribesmen, but two days after this work had been
+done they were forced to retreat.</p>
+
+<p>They were attacked by a large body of natives, who surrounded them, and
+but for a timely charge of cavalry would have routed them. As it was,
+the British retreat was orderly, and they lost none of their guns or
+baggage.<a name="Page_1357" id="Page_1357"></a></p>
+
+<p>The natives are delighted at their success, and especially because the
+troops they attacked were a portion of the force sent out to punish them
+for their rebellion.</p>
+
+<p>The Government in England is much distressed that the check should have
+occurred. For the sake of England's position in India it is necessary
+that the British should sweep all before them, and show the tribes that
+they are not to be trifled with. That the punishing expedition should
+have been beaten and forced to retreat will make the work England has to
+do in India still harder for her.</p>
+
+<p>The tribesmen are alive to the value of their victory, and have
+continued to attack the troops with the utmost persistence.</p>
+
+<p>The Haddah Mullah, the priest who has been so active in raising the
+rebellion, is again leading the tribes, and has roused his followers to
+such a pitch of enthusiasm that they do not show the slightest fear, and
+perform the most daring feats.</p>
+
+<p>On one occasion the British were drawn up in battle array, and had
+formed into the square, which is considered an invincible method of
+receiving an enemy. The Haddah Mullah and his followers attacked three
+sides of the square at the same time. The rebels were repulsed, but
+their wonderful courage was commented on by the British, who, after the
+engagement was over, found their bodies within a few yards of the
+muzzles of the guns. Such people are hard to defeat.</p>
+
+<p>It may interest you to know something about the square.</p>
+
+<p>This formation of troops is considered the strong<a name="Page_1358" id="Page_1358"></a>est. It is used
+principally to repel cavalry or to resist a larger force. It has been in
+use since the sixteenth century.</p>
+
+<p>To form a square the troops are drawn up into a quadrangle, or square,
+the soldiers all standing so that they face outward. By this means each
+side of the square presents a solid front to the enemy, and it is
+wellnigh impossible for an attacking force to break through.</p>
+
+<p>In the sixteenth century the square was composed of a solid body of men;
+at the present time it is a hollow formation. The soldiers stand in
+ranks four or five deep, the officers, colors, and baggage being in the
+centre.</p>
+
+<p>The English are particularly partial to this formation, and it has long
+been the boast of the commanders that a British square has never been
+broken.</p>
+
+<p>The force of insurgents led by the Haddah Mullah attacked the English
+camp soon after nightfall. The soldiers were at once formed into a
+square around their baggage, and though, as we have said, the attack was
+fiercely made on three sides at once, the famous square stood firm, and
+the tribesmen were forced to retire.</p>
+
+<p>Ten batteries of artillery and eight regiments of cavalry have been
+ordered out from England to help suppress the insurrection in India.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>It is reported from the Soudan that a treaty of peace is about to be
+made between the Mahdi and Great Britain.</p>
+
+<p>The terms of the treaty are said to be that the<a name="Page_1359" id="Page_1359"></a> Mahdi will not oppose
+the British forces advancing as far as Khartoum, and that they may
+station troops to keep possession of the land they have gained, but that
+they must not attempt to go a step farther. The Mahdi is to remain King
+of Khartoum.</p>
+
+<p>It is not yet known whether the terms of peace will be accepted by
+England.</p>
+
+<p>An interesting find was made at Berber. When the British troops entered
+the town they found on one of the boats in the river a uniform-case
+marked Gordon Pasha.</p>
+
+<p>The English officers to whom it was brought were much moved at the sight
+of an article that had once been the property of the unfortunate General
+Gordon, who was killed by the Mahdists at Khartoum on January 26, 1885.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>There is news of Professor Andr&eacute;e.</p>
+
+<p>You remember that he started from Spitzbergen in a balloon, hoping to
+sail across the North Pole.</p>
+
+<p>A report from Arctic Russia says that on the night of September 14th the
+inhabitants of a little village saw a balloon which was believed to be
+that of Andr&eacute;e's.</p>
+
+<p>A day or two after this a carrier-pigeon brought a despatch from the
+traveller.</p>
+
+<p>The tidings brought by this bird were that Andr&eacute;e was making a good
+voyage to the eastward, and that all was going well.</p>
+
+<p>There is no doubt that this message is a genuine one from the explorer.
+The pigeon bore on <a name="Page_1360" id="Page_1360"></a>its wings the same markings as on those which the
+adventurer carried with him. Scientists have, however, expressed their
+opinion that Andr&eacute;e has failed to reach the Pole. The message of the
+bird and the direction in which the balloon was seen to be going have
+convinced them that Andr&eacute;e has been carried eastward, and not across the
+Pole, as he had hoped.</p>
+
+<p>It is thought that by this time the gas in the balloon must have become
+exhausted, and that Andr&eacute;e and his companions have had to cut loose from
+it, and are on the ice somewhere near Spitzbergen, and that they may
+perhaps be so fortunate as to drift near enough to civilization to be
+picked up and rescued.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Interesting news has reached us about Lieutenant Peary.</p>
+
+<p>He left Boston in July to see if he could not establish a settlement far
+to the north in Greenland, which should serve him as a base of supplies,
+or a place where he could leave the main part of his baggage, and to
+which he could send or return at will.</p>
+
+<p>Lieutenant Peary's plan for reaching the North Pole, when he sets out in
+1898, is to establish a number of Esquimau colonies at certain distances
+apart, and leave supplies with each colony on which he can fall back in
+case of need.</p>
+
+<p>He reports that he will have no difficulty in carrying out his plan. He
+met a number of old friends among the Esquimaux, all of whom were eager
+to help him in his work of exploring the north of Greenland and
+searching for the North Pole. He has every <a name="Page_1361" id="Page_1361"></a>hope that the new trip which
+he is about to undertake will be a successful one.</p>
+
+<p>Lieutenant Peary reports that he is bringing with him the great Cape
+York meteorite, which he intends to place in the American Museum of
+Natural History in New York.</p>
+
+<p>A meteorite is a fallen meteor or star, a mass of metal that has fallen
+upon the earth from space. It is often called a fallen star.</p>
+
+<p>From the earliest times to the present there is a record of 520
+meteorites having fallen upon the earth; 142 of this number fell in the
+United States; 13 were seen to fall.</p>
+
+<p>Forty-five years ago a traveller visiting Greenland noticed that the
+natives used some kind of metal with which they put tips and edges on
+their weapons. On inquiry they told him that they obtained it from some
+large stones, but they could not or would not show him where the stones
+were to be found.</p>
+
+<p>Lieutenant Peary determined to find them, as he suspected that they were
+meteorites, and after a long and careful search he found them on
+Melville Bay, a little east of Cape York.</p>
+
+<p>There were three rocks, all of uncommonly large size, and on examination
+they proved to be meteorites, one of them being the largest ever found.</p>
+
+<p>In 1895 the two smaller ones were brought back by Lieutenant Peary; but
+before he was able to move the larger one, the ice began to form in the
+bay, and not wishing to be blocked in for the winter, he had to leave
+the prize where it was.</p>
+
+<p>Last year he made another effort to secure the big <a name="Page_1362" id="Page_1362"></a>stone, but the
+machinery he was using to raise it got out of order, and he again had to
+abandon the attempt.</p>
+
+<p>Now a message comes from Sydney, a port on Cape Breton, Nova Scotia,
+which says that he has arrived safely, bringing with him the famous
+meteorite.</p>
+
+<p>When his vessel, the <i>Hope</i>, steamed into port she was in a very
+battered condition. She had encountered so many storms and such furious
+seas that her bulwarks had been washed away.</p>
+
+<p>In addition to this she was burning her last ton of coal as she steamed
+into port, and so her crew must have been very glad when they sighted
+land.</p>
+
+<p>We have not yet heard how the big meteorite was wrenched from its icy
+bed, and it is probable that when the <i>Hope</i> reaches New York we shall
+have an interesting story to tell you about it.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The news from the Sandwich Islands is of a very pleasant character.</p>
+
+<p>The Hawaiian Senate met in extra session, and agreed to the annexation
+of the islands to the United States. There was not one vote against it,
+and so the treaty was ratified by a "unanimous vote" of the Senate.</p>
+
+<p>Every Senator was in his seat as the roll was called, and nearly every
+one had a good word to say for annexation.</p>
+
+<p>A protest against the treaty was handed to the President, and considered
+by the Senate before the treaty was ratified.<a name="Page_1363" id="Page_1363"></a></p>
+
+<p>The Senators did not regard the protest as worthy of much consideration,
+as it was signed by but fifteen persons, all of whom were friends of the
+ex-queen. They therefore regarded it as a political scheme arranged by
+those royalists who still have hopes of restoring the monarchy.</p>
+
+<p>It is said that Liliuokalani has a new plan for the throne of Hawaii.
+She has come to the conclusion that the people of the Sandwich Islands
+want neither her nor her rule any longer. She did so many bad things
+while she was queen that the people who would like to see the monarchy
+restored would not be willing that she should be queen again.</p>
+
+<p>Liliuokalani has therefore decided to resign the throne in favor of her
+niece, the Princess Kaiulani.</p>
+
+<p>This young lady is a charming and well-educated person, and the old
+Queen is wise enough to know that none of the objections which people
+have to her could apply to Kaiulani.</p>
+
+<p>If the plan is successful, the young Queen is to make ample provision
+for Liliuokalani.</p>
+
+<p>Meanwhile Japan has agreed to arbitrate the immigration question, but
+refuses to consider the matter from the Hawaiian point of view.</p>
+
+<p>The complaint which was made against Japan in the first instance was
+that she evaded the law which provided that every immigrant must have a
+contract for labor and fifty dollars in cash in his pocket, by giving
+false contracts and lending the required fifty dollars, which immigrants
+gave back as soon as they were safely landed.</p>
+
+<p>The Japanese refuse to enter into the question whether this fifty
+dollars was fraudulently supplied.<a name="Page_1364" id="Page_1364"></a> They say that so long as each man
+had fifty dollars in his possession, it was nobody's business where or
+how he got it. They persistently refuse to arbitrate this point, which
+seems to be the most important of all the questions involved.</p>
+
+<p>The Japanese are continuing to send large numbers of emigrants to
+Honolulu, and the Hawaiians have become very much alarmed about it.</p>
+
+<p>They insist that the new colonists are Japanese soldiers disguised as
+laborers, and that the Mikado is sending them over to be in readiness to
+fight for the possession of the country in case the United States
+decides to annex it.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The strike in Hazleton is now over, but the settlement has not been made
+without a good deal of trouble and anxiety.</p>
+
+<p>When the state troops ordered out by the Governor arrived in the town,
+some of the men decided to go to work under the protection of the
+troops. The spirit of the strikers had been broken by the firing of the
+Sheriff and his posse, and many of the men who were peaceably inclined
+thought the best thing to do was to go back to work.</p>
+
+<p>The women did not agree with them. The wives and mothers of the
+unfortunate men who had been killed declared that their dear ones should
+not have been sacrificed for nothing; and as the men refused to continue
+the strike, the women decided to go on with it for them.</p>
+
+<p>A strike is of no use unless all the men stand together and hold out for
+their point. The women <a name="Page_1365" id="Page_1365"></a>understood this perfectly, and they determined
+that the men should stand together.</p>
+
+<p>Arming themselves with sticks, they set out in a body for the mines that
+were being worked, and under the very noses of the soldiers raided the
+works and drove the men out.</p>
+
+<p>The next morning the men, still determined to go to work, started out in
+a body for the mines. On their way they were met by a body of women, who
+drove them back with threats and scoldings to their homes again.</p>
+
+<p>The general in command of the state troops then decided that it was time
+for him to interfere, and on the third day, when the women attempted to
+stop the men, the troops were ordered to disperse them.</p>
+
+<p>To frighten the women the officers ordered their men to fix their
+bayonets and advance on the women as if they meant to charge them.</p>
+
+<p>The two bodies met&mdash;the women brandishing their sticks, and the men with
+their glittering bayonets pointed at this unusual foe.</p>
+
+<p>The women were, however, not deceived. They refused to believe that the
+soldiers would charge them, and when they saw the men advancing they
+began to laugh. This laugh was rapidly taken up by the soldiers; and the
+two parties facing each other, brandishing their weapons and laughing,
+must have been a curious sight.</p>
+
+<p>For some time the women stood their ground, but finally became convinced
+that, though the soldiers were not going to do them any harm, they did
+not mean to allow them to pass or to do any mischief of their own. They
+then fell back, and returned to <a name="Page_1366" id="Page_1366"></a>their homes; and the women being
+disposed of, the miners went peaceably to their work.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The sheriff and the deputies who did the shooting in Hazleton have been
+arrested.</p>
+
+<p>At the first hearing the judge decided that there was a grave cause of
+complaint against the men, and so he ordered that they should be tried
+before a jury to find whether they were guilty of murdering the rioters.</p>
+
+<p>As they were all respectable men, who were not likely to run away, the
+judge allowed them to furnish bail. That is to say, he said that if they
+could each find a friend who would give the court $6,000 as a surety
+that they would come up for trial when their case was called, they might
+go free in the mean time.</p>
+
+<p>Each of the accused men was able to furnish the required bail, and so
+they are all at liberty for the present.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Queen Christina of Spain is not the only queen regent in Europe. The
+Government of Holland is also in the hands of a queen mother, who is
+guiding the affairs of state for her young daughter, Queen Wilhelmina.</p>
+
+<p>The fact has been brought to our notice by the announcement of Queen
+Emma that her daughter will be eighteen years old next August, and will
+then assume the cares of government.<a name="Page_1367" id="Page_1367"></a></p>
+
+<p>Queen Emma has been Regent of the Netherlands since 1890, when her
+husband King William III. became insane, and was declared to be
+incapable of governing.</p>
+
+<p>The little Wilhelmina was then ten years old. She is now a grown-up
+young lady, and there is quite a stir among the royal families of Europe
+to find a suitable husband for her.</p>
+
+<p>A marriage has been proposed for her with Prince Alexander of Teck,
+whose sister is the wife of the Duke of York, and will probably one day
+be Queen of England. The Duke of York is the son of the Prince of Wales.</p>
+
+<p>The young Prince of Teck has been sent to Holland to visit the young
+Queen at her castle of Loo, but as yet the Queen has neither refused nor
+accepted him.</p>
+
+<p>It is rumored that Prince Alexander of Teck hopes that Wilhelmina will
+refuse him, as he is very anxious to marry a young American of great
+wealth.</p>
+
+<p>This is a very romantic story, and very pleasing to our national vanity
+to think that one of the daughters of America may some day be closely
+related to the Queen of England, but it is a very remote contingency,
+and not very likely to occur.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 22em;">G.H.</span> <span class="smcap">Rosenfeld.</span><br />
+<a name="Page_1368" id="Page_1368"></a></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>INVENTION AND DISCOVERY.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Tennessee has the latest thing in bicycles.</p>
+
+<p>It seems that the wheel craze is just as rampant there as it is in our
+own fair city of New York, but that the facilities for owning machines
+are not as great there as here.</p>
+
+<p>To overcome this, a bright-minded individual has invented a new device,
+which is certainly the most ingenious we have yet heard of.</p>
+
+<p>It is a "nickel-in-the-slot" bicycle, and probably works somewhat on the
+principle of the "quarter-in-the-slot" gas-meter, which for every
+twenty-five cents put in, releases just that coin's worth of gas to
+illuminate your house.</p>
+
+<p>The bicycle, however, is arranged in such a manner that for every
+five-cent piece dropped in the slot it will run exactly five miles.</p>
+
+<p>There is not the slightest fear of the rider forgetting to renew the
+nickel when he has ridden his five cents' worth; nor is there any chance
+of his cheating the wheel out of an extra mile&mdash;or half inch, for the
+matter of that.</p>
+
+<p>When the end of the five miles is reached the honest wheel stops dead.
+Whether it throws its rider over its head or not is a matter of no
+moment to it. It stops then and there, and refuses to move another foot
+until it is re-fed with a fresh nickel. Then it will bound along again
+as peacefully as before.</p>
+
+<p>The story does not say whether a device in the form of a small red flag
+shoots out from any portion of the wheel to give a warning when the next
+"lap's"<a name="Page_1369" id="Page_1369"></a> rent is due. But without some such plan we should doubt whether
+this kind of wheel would ever become very popular; for while four miles
+and three quarters might be ridden with much peaceful enjoyment, the
+last quarter of a mile would be filled with terrors that would spoil the
+pleasure of the nicest ride ever attempted.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 22em;">G.H.R.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>LETTERS FROM OUR YOUNG FRIENDS.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><span class="smcap">Dear Editor</span>:
+
+<p>Where can the "pocket protector" and scissors-sharpening
+machine, mentioned in <span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span>, be
+obtained. &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="smcap">Mrs. M.F.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Northfield, Minn.</span>, Aug. 4th, 1897. <br /><br /><br /></p></div>
+
+
+<div><span class="smcap">Dear Madam</span>:</div>
+
+<p>We are not able to tell you where the above articles are manufactured,
+but you could obtain them through the agency of any reliable,
+first-class hardware store. In all such stores they have illustrated
+catalogues of the various articles manufactured in their line of goods,
+and you should have no difficulty in finding both the pocket protector
+and the scissors sharpener.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 22em;">E</span><span class="smcap">ditor</span>.<br />
+<br /><br /></p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><span class="smcap">Dear Editor</span>:
+
+<p>I have never written to you before, so you don't know my
+name. Papa is on the school committee, so you sent him a
+sample copy. I saw it, and was very much interested in it. I
+am extremely fond of reading and have read at least ten
+different histories. And with one exception I like your
+little book best of all. You can imagine how well I like to
+read when I tell you I am <a name="Page_1370" id="Page_1370"></a>eleven years old, and have read
+over seven hundred prose books, and the books of ten
+different poets. I could read primary lessons when I was
+three years old. </p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 18.5em;">Yours truly,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 22em;">E</span><span class="smcap">leanor J.L.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">P.S.&mdash;I am going to earn money so I can subscribe.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">N</span><span class="smcap">ewburyport, Mass.</span>, Sept. 7th, 1897.<br />
+<br /><br /></p>
+
+
+<div><span class="smcap">Dear Eleanor</span>:</div>
+
+<p>We are delighted to hear from you, and to have the indorsement of such a
+bright little critic as you must be after all that you have read.</p>
+
+<p>Would you not like to have our premium list and learn the easiest way
+for you to become a subscriber?</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 22em;">E</span><span class="smcap">ditor</span>.<br />
+<br /><br /></p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><span class="smcap">Dear Editor</span>:
+
+<p>Your little magazine is of great interest to me, as I am
+sure it is to many others. I am especially interested in the
+accounts you give of the search for the North Pole. I do
+hope that soon <i>somebody</i> will succeed in reaching it, so as
+to tell us just what kind of a region it is.</p>
+
+<p>I hope that the Cubans will soon gain their liberty for I
+think they surely deserve it.</p>
+
+<p>Wishing <span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span> great success, and a
+long life, I remain, </p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 14.5em;">Your most devoted reader,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 22em;">A</span><span class="smcap">lison H.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">B</span><span class="smcap">rewster, Cape Cod, Mass.</span>, Sept. 7th, 1897.<br />
+<br /><br /></p>
+
+
+<div><span class="smcap">Dear Alison</span>:</div>
+
+<p>Many thanks for your nice kind letter, and for the good wishes contained
+in it. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="smcap">Editor</span>.<br /><br /></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 48, October 7, 1897, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+***** This file should be named 16029-h.htm or 16029-h.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/0/2/16029/
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net)
+
+
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+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 1, No. 48, October 7, 1897, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 48, October 7, 1897
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+Release Date: June 9, 2005 [EBook #16029]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD
+AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.]
+
+    VOL. 1   OCTOBER 7, 1897.   NO. 48
+
+=Copyright, 1897, by THE GREAT ROUND WORLD Publishing Company.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The peace negotiations are settled; that is to say, the plans suggested
+by Lord Salisbury, and agreed to by the Powers, have also been accepted
+by the Sultan.
+
+On the 18th of September, after a conference of three hours, the
+ambassadors and Tewfik Pasha signed their names to the treaty. As soon
+as this was done, Tewfik carried the document to the palace and obtained
+the Sultan's signature also.
+
+According to the terms of the treaty, the troops are to be withdrawn
+from Thessaly within one month after it goes into effect, and the Powers
+are to control the income of Greece until the war indemnity of fifteen
+million dollars shall be paid.
+
+Nothing now remains but for Greece to agree and for King George to sign
+his name beside that of the Sultan.
+
+Though every one must feel glad that peace has been made between these
+two warring nations, yet the terms are so hard for Greece that if she
+signs the treaty she will practically be signing away her independence
+as a nation.
+
+There is a very shameful story behind the Greco-Turkish war. In the
+histories that will be written about it, it will be recorded that Greece
+was sacrificed by Europe for the sake of Turkish gold.
+
+We have told you before of the money difficulties in Turkey, and that
+the Sultan has been called the "Sick Man of Europe" because of the
+unfortunate condition of his affairs, which were in such a deplorable
+state that it seemed as though the kingdom of Turkey must soon be
+swallowed up by the more powerful nations of Europe.
+
+The Turkish nation has been on the verge of bankruptcy for many years.
+To help the struggling Government along loans of money have been made at
+different times, and all that was of value in the country pledged as
+security for the repayment of the loans. Bonds were issued on these
+securities, but owing to the impoverished condition of the country they
+were of very little value, and at one time the Turkish bonds were the
+joke of the stock market. Still, the bonds existed, and their holders
+hoped at some time to get their money back.
+
+Few governments are wealthy enough to support themselves without
+borrowing money. In Europe most loans are arranged by the wealthy
+bankers, who demand security in return. We explained this matter to you
+in speaking of the quicksilver mines and the Rothschilds, on page 1023.
+
+Transactions of a similar character to that of the quicksilver mines
+have been entered into by almost all of the European countries, and the
+consequence is that there is hardly a foreign nation that is not under
+obligations to its moneyed men, or financiers, as they are called.
+
+The power of the financiers has become so great that they are now able
+to dictate the policy of Europe. Behind the will of kings and emperors
+is the will of these financiers. If the moneyed men refuse to lend their
+gold to a country, they may prevent its going to war, the erection of
+fine buildings, or the doing of many things that are necessary to keep
+up its proper position as a nation.
+
+When Greece, enraged that her Christian brothers should be under the
+thraldom of the heathen Turk, went to the rescue of Crete, all the brave
+men of Europe applauded the gallant little country for her pluck. But
+the brave men of Europe did not represent the money of Europe. The
+financiers who were at the back of the various Powers distinctly
+disapproved of the war. If Greece succeeded in whipping the Turks all
+the money invested in Turkey might be lost.
+
+In was well understood that Greece could not succeed in the struggle
+with Turkey unless some of the Powers came to her aid, and so the
+financiers warned the statesmen that Greece must not be helped; and
+because of the power of the financiers, and for the sake of the money
+involved, Greece was sacrificed, and Turkey permitted to be the victor.
+
+The whole situation was thoroughly understood by the Sultan, who laughed
+in his sleeve at the dilemma the Powers were in; and knowing that he was
+perfectly safe, and that they dare not declare war against him, he
+delayed the peace negotiations for months, and settled his army in
+Thessaly, to destroy the prosperity of the country.
+
+The position of Greece is now something deplorable. When she has given
+her consent to the terms of the treaty she will no longer be a free and
+independent nation, but a slave to the countries that control her
+treasury. While she still has her King seated on the throne, his power
+is no longer what it was. He can carry out no great schemes for his
+country's good, for he can enter into no plans, that involve the
+spending of money, without the consent of the Powers that are to manage
+his affairs.
+
+The plan that the Powers should control the treasury of Greece was not
+agreed upon until Germany, prompted by the financiers, insisted that
+Greece must lay money by to take care of her old debts, as well as of
+the new war payment.
+
+This is the story of the Greco-Turkish war. The great Powers stood
+quietly by and let Greece be sacrificed, and then insisted upon a
+shameful treaty, that will bring ruin and distress to a sister country,
+because the financiers were unwilling to lose money they had invested.
+
+The Powers are, however, by no means satisfied with the result of their
+fifteen weeks of deliberation and discussion. They feel that the Sultan
+has got much the best of them at every point, and even though he has
+agreed to do so, they are uncertain whether he intends to keep faith
+with them about either Crete or Thessaly.
+
+It is said that as soon as the first five million dollars is paid he
+will invent some fresh excuse for keeping his soldiers in Thessaly a
+little longer, and that he will lengthen the time little by little,
+until, in the end, he will retain possession of Thessaly altogether.
+
+He has already hinted that he does not mean to keep faith about Crete.
+
+He told the Italian ambassador the other day that in return for the good
+terms he had made with Greece he expected the Powers to be very lenient
+in regard to Crete.
+
+The ambassador, much surprised at this remark, ventured to remind the
+Sultan that Home Rule for Crete had already been agreed on.
+
+The crafty Sultan smiled and shrugged his shoulders, and intimated to
+the ambassador that the settlement of affairs in Crete was not quite so
+sure as he seemed to think.
+
+The conclusion of the peace has left every one weary and annoyed. The
+Powers evidently feel ashamed of the part they have taken in the affair,
+and are seeking to find an excuse for their own wrongdoings by blaming
+their representatives. It is therefore rumored that all the ambassadors
+at Constantinople are to be changed, because the Powers feel that they
+have been outwitted by the Sultan, and can no longer have any influence
+with him.
+
+It must not be supposed that the Greeks are taking the matter quietly.
+
+A feeling of intense indignation prevails throughout Greece.
+Mass-meetings have been held protesting against the treaty, bonfires
+have been built at which the people have eased their feelings by burning
+copies of the hated peace document. It is even thought that the Greek
+Congress, the Boule, may refuse to accept the treaty as it stands.
+
+Some of the Greeks declare that the signing of the treaty will mean that
+Greece will cease to be a nation and become nothing more than a name.
+
+Were Greece a little stronger than she is, it is certain that she would
+reject the terms of peace, and continue the war with Turkey, but
+unfortunately she is in such a feeble condition that it looks as if she
+would have to do just as the Powers dictate.
+
+In spite of the anger and indignation of her people, Greece has very
+little choice but to accept the treaty as it stands.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Some excitement was caused last week by the rumor that General Woodford
+had informed the Spanish minister of foreign affairs that unless the war
+with Cuba was brought to a close in October, the United States would
+interfere.
+
+As you may suppose, this report caused a good deal of surprise. If it
+were true it could only mean that war was about to be declared with
+Spain.
+
+The rumor came from Paris, and there was much telegraphing back and
+forth to Washington, and interviewing persons in high positions, to know
+if this report was really true.
+
+It was a relief to everybody when word came from the Duke of Tetuan that
+his talk with General Woodford had been a very pleasant one, and that
+nothing but kind and friendly words had passed between them.
+
+It seems that General Woodford told the Duke that the United States
+considered the present state of affairs in Cuba most pitiable, and
+offered her good offices to bring the war to an end.
+
+The Duke of Tetuan, in repeating what our minister had said to him,
+stated that the whole conversation was most satisfactory, and that he
+was ready to talk further on the subject with General Woodford whenever
+he was prepared to do so.
+
+He absolutely denied that there was any talk of war, and General
+Woodford, on his part, declared that war would not be thought of until
+every other means had been tried.
+
+Spain's troubles are increasing daily, and it seems more than likely
+that she will be willing to accept our friendly intervention, and allow
+the cruel and expensive war in Cuba to cease.
+
+The report that more troops are to be sent to the island has been
+confirmed, but it is now said that only 6,000 will be sent, instead of
+the 27,000 promised.
+
+The reason for this is that Spain is having trouble in raising money.
+Money she must have, as her treasury is empty, and the enormous expenses
+of the war still continue.
+
+The new government that was formed after the death of Canovas does not
+seem to have the strength to deal with the situation. It is constantly
+rumored that it is about to resign, and that Senor Sagasta, who has such
+liberal views about Cuba, is to be called to form a new government.
+
+While things are in this state of uncertainty and public confidence is
+thus shaken, it is but natural that the financiers should be unwilling
+to loan Spain more money, lest they should not get it back.
+
+To add to the uncertainty it is rumored abroad that there is to be an
+immediate attempt by the Carlists to overthrow the Government and seize
+the throne of Spain.
+
+The poor Queen Regent is much worried with all this trouble. The loss of
+Canovas at the most critical moment of the Cuban war seems to have taken
+away all her courage, and it is said that she is very unhappy, and is
+constantly weeping over her boy, the young King Alphonso, for the poor
+mother fears she may not be strong enough to hold the crown of Spain for
+him.
+
+There is a story that in her distress the Queen Regent has sent a
+personal message to Don Carlos, begging him not to begin a civil war at
+a moment when Spain has so many other enemies to fight.
+
+A civil war is a war carried on between citizens of the same country.
+
+It is said that Don Carlos sent a very unkind reply to the Queen, and
+said that he should come forward just as soon as he felt that the
+country needed him.
+
+It is stated that he believes that war with the United States cannot be
+avoided, and that he intends to wait till war is declared, and then
+offer to save Spain if he is made king.
+
+His friends are all gathering at Lucerne to hold the council of which we
+spoke last week. The unhappy Queen Christine is waiting with much
+anxiety to learn what they decide to do.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In Cuba, the insurgents continue to be victorious. The Spaniards are
+being driven out of the inland towns, and their real strength is now
+only on the seaboard.
+
+Several unsuccessful attempts have been made by the Spaniards to
+recapture Victoria de las Tunas, and to break the power of the
+insurgents in Santiago de Cuba. The Cubans have, however, gained victory
+after victory, and have at last driven the Spaniards over the trocha,
+and utterly destroyed the town of Las Tunas. They were not strong enough
+to fortify and hold it, so they decided to burn it to the ground.
+
+In one of the engagements to recapture the town, General Luque, the
+Spanish commander, again exchanged prisoners with the Cubans, and in a
+letter to General Garcia, in reference to the matter, addressed him as
+the _Commander-in-Chief of the Cuban forces in the East_. The Cubans
+have sent this letter on to their representatives in Washington with
+instructions to bring it to the notice of our Government, to convince
+them that the Spaniards have really acknowledged the belligerent rights
+of the Cubans.
+
+The indignation in Spain over the loss of Las Tunas gave rise to such
+very severe comment on Weyler's bad generalship that he made up his mind
+to offer his resignation to his Government.
+
+The Prime Minister, General Azcarraga, however, replied to Weyler's
+message that he had perfect confidence in him and in his ability to
+bring the war to a speedy close, and would not permit him to resign.
+
+Weyler, gratified at this, at once sent one of his boastful and
+untruthful replies.
+
+He said that the war was all but over. He had still a little work to do
+before he could consider the West of the island entirely pacified, but
+that so soon as this was accomplished he would set out for Eastern Cuba
+and subdue that.
+
+The Government appeared to be perfectly satisfied with this statement,
+but it is strange that this should be the case.
+
+Months ago General Weyler said that Eastern Cuba was all but pacified,
+and that he was just about to finish his work there, and proceed to
+subdue Western Cuba. After a little while he declared Eastern Cuba
+pacified, and started off for his work in the West.
+
+Now he tells the same story about the West, and seems to forget that
+according to his own statement Eastern Cuba is subdued.
+
+If the great Spanish general keeps on at his present rate of progress,
+it will be a long time before he gets both ends of Cuba pacified at the
+same time.
+
+Weyler complains bitterly about the filibustering expeditions. He
+declares that the war could have been long since terminated if the
+United States had not given so much aid to the insurgents by allowing
+these expeditions to be fitted out in her ports.
+
+The _Dauntless_ has been successful in carrying three expeditions to
+Cuba lately.
+
+One of them was landed only a few miles from Havana, and passed within
+gunshot of the great fortress Morro Castle without being seen by any of
+the gunboats which are supposed to guard the shores.
+
+Weyler was furious that such a daring act should have been safely
+accomplished, and has written a severe letter to the Admiral in charge
+of the fleet, upbraiding him for his carelessness.
+
+In the last of her three expeditious the saucy little _Dauntless_ ran
+short of coal and water, and to the annoyance of the Spaniards the
+keeper of a lighthouse situated on one of the West Indian keys that
+belong to England gave the men the supplies they needed, and enabled
+them to make their third trip in safety.
+
+General Weyler has ordered an investigation of the matter, and intends
+to make a formal complaint to England about the action of the lighthouse
+keeper.
+
+The way the _Dauntless_ managed her three expeditions without being
+caught was very clever. All the stores, ammunition, arms, and men that
+were to be conveyed to Cuba were gradually gathered on one of the
+Florida keys. There are a great number of these little banks and islands
+stretching along the coast of Florida, and some of them are so difficult
+to reach, for any steamer that draws much water, that they make good
+hiding-places.
+
+When everything was in readiness the _Dauntless_ went down to the key,
+and one after the other took off her three loads. The hiding-place was
+so well chosen that no one knows exactly where it is, and if the Cubans
+keep their secret they will be able to send other expeditions in the
+same way.
+
+General Weyler has other anxieties on his mind just now. He is expecting
+the arrival of a new floating dock which has been built for him in
+England, at a cost of $900,000.
+
+This great dock is intended to be used as a dry-dock; that is to say, it
+is so made that ships can be lifted clear out of the water by it, so
+that they can be repaired, cleaned, or painted.
+
+There is no dry-dock in Cuban harbors, and it is very necessary to have
+one. Ships that cruise long in tropical waters are very apt to get their
+hulls covered with barnacles and sea-weed. These growths after a while
+prevent the ship from cutting easily through the water, and decrease her
+speed. All ships that are long in these southern seas have to have their
+hulls scraped every now and then. Many of the war-vessels that are now
+in Cuban waters have been a year without this necessary cleaning, and to
+make it possible to do the work in Cuba, without the loss of time
+necessary to go back to the Spanish navy yards, the Government has gone
+to the expense of building the floating dock.
+
+There have been no end of difficulties about the dock. When it was
+finished it was so big and heavy that it was very doubtful if any ship
+could safely tow it across the Atlantic. The shipbuilders added a false
+bow and stem to the dock, to make it cut its way through the water a
+little, and in this fashion it is now being brought to Cuba; but the
+gravest doubts are entertained as to the possibility of its ever
+reaching its destination. It is feared that in case of a severe storm
+the hawser, or strong rope by which it is towed, will part, and the
+costly floating dock be left drifting about the ocean, a danger to
+mariners.
+
+But this is not the half of the trouble over the dock.
+
+The greatest annoyance in regard to it is that it was built without
+properly considering the amount of water it would draw; that is to say,
+the depth of water necessary to float it.
+
+Now that the dock is on its way to Cuba, it is found that it draws too
+much water for the bay of Havana, and cannot be brought in and used
+there.
+
+When this unpleasant news was communicated to General Weyler, he cabled
+to his agent in New York, asking him to send a dredging-machine over to
+Havana immediately. To the General's mind the whole affair was simple
+enough: he would get a dredging-machine, scoop out a channel, and have
+the dock in place in no time.
+
+He was therefore much angered to receive a reply that there were several
+kinds of dredging-machines, and that to send him a machine that would do
+the work properly it would be necessary to know the nature of the soil
+of the bottom of the bay.
+
+Now no one has ever dredged Havana Bay since the city was first founded
+in the sixteenth century, and there are no means at hand of obtaining
+the desired information. There will therefore be some delay before the
+required investigation can be made.
+
+Added to this, the New York firm sent him word that a special machine
+will have to be constructed to dredge to the depth required by the
+floating-dock, that it will take six months to build such a machine, and
+another six months to dredge the bay. This makes one year before the
+$900,000 floating dock now on its way to Cuba can be of any use to
+Spain.
+
+It seems a cruel waste of money at an hour when Spain is so poor.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The election of Senor Domingo Mendez Capote as President of the Republic
+of Cuba has been confirmed. Bartolome Maso was made Vice-President, and
+Cisneros, the ex-president, was made leader of the Congress.
+
+General Gomez was appointed Minister of War, and General Garcia
+Commander-in-Chief of the army.
+
+The report says that at the commencement of the election it seemed as if
+there would be some trouble between the various candidates for office.
+Realizing that it would be fatal to the cause to have any bad feeling
+among the leaders, General Gomez proposed Senor Capote as a man who
+would be acceptable to all parties. Every one saw the wisdom of Gomez's
+suggestion, and Capote was elected.
+
+It is said that the new President has done a great deal to get the laws
+of Cuba in proper shape.
+
+All the Cubans seem to be satisfied with the result of the election.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The British have met with serious reverses in their frontier war.
+
+They were successful in relieving the forts in the Samana Hills that
+were attacked by the tribesmen, but two days after this work had been
+done they were forced to retreat.
+
+They were attacked by a large body of natives, who surrounded them, and
+but for a timely charge of cavalry would have routed them. As it was,
+the British retreat was orderly, and they lost none of their guns or
+baggage.
+
+The natives are delighted at their success, and especially because the
+troops they attacked were a portion of the force sent out to punish them
+for their rebellion.
+
+The Government in England is much distressed that the check should have
+occurred. For the sake of England's position in India it is necessary
+that the British should sweep all before them, and show the tribes that
+they are not to be trifled with. That the punishing expedition should
+have been beaten and forced to retreat will make the work England has to
+do in India still harder for her.
+
+The tribesmen are alive to the value of their victory, and have
+continued to attack the troops with the utmost persistence.
+
+The Haddah Mullah, the priest who has been so active in raising the
+rebellion, is again leading the tribes, and has roused his followers to
+such a pitch of enthusiasm that they do not show the slightest fear, and
+perform the most daring feats.
+
+On one occasion the British were drawn up in battle array, and had
+formed into the square, which is considered an invincible method of
+receiving an enemy. The Haddah Mullah and his followers attacked three
+sides of the square at the same time. The rebels were repulsed, but
+their wonderful courage was commented on by the British, who, after the
+engagement was over, found their bodies within a few yards of the
+muzzles of the guns. Such people are hard to defeat.
+
+It may interest you to know something about the square.
+
+This formation of troops is considered the strongest. It is used
+principally to repel cavalry or to resist a larger force. It has been in
+use since the sixteenth century.
+
+To form a square the troops are drawn up into a quadrangle, or square,
+the soldiers all standing so that they face outward. By this means each
+side of the square presents a solid front to the enemy, and it is
+wellnigh impossible for an attacking force to break through.
+
+In the sixteenth century the square was composed of a solid body of men;
+at the present time it is a hollow formation. The soldiers stand in
+ranks four or five deep, the officers, colors, and baggage being in the
+centre.
+
+The English are particularly partial to this formation, and it has long
+been the boast of the commanders that a British square has never been
+broken.
+
+The force of insurgents led by the Haddah Mullah attacked the English
+camp soon after nightfall. The soldiers were at once formed into a
+square around their baggage, and though, as we have said, the attack was
+fiercely made on three sides at once, the famous square stood firm, and
+the tribesmen were forced to retire.
+
+Ten batteries of artillery and eight regiments of cavalry have been
+ordered out from England to help suppress the insurrection in India.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is reported from the Soudan that a treaty of peace is about to be
+made between the Mahdi and Great Britain.
+
+The terms of the treaty are said to be that the Mahdi will not oppose
+the British forces advancing as far as Khartoum, and that they may
+station troops to keep possession of the land they have gained, but that
+they must not attempt to go a step farther. The Mahdi is to remain King
+of Khartoum.
+
+It is not yet known whether the terms of peace will be accepted by
+England.
+
+An interesting find was made at Berber. When the British troops entered
+the town they found on one of the boats in the river a uniform-case
+marked Gordon Pasha.
+
+The English officers to whom it was brought were much moved at the sight
+of an article that had once been the property of the unfortunate General
+Gordon, who was killed by the Mahdists at Khartoum on January 26, 1885.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is news of Professor Andree.
+
+You remember that he started from Spitzbergen in a balloon, hoping to
+sail across the North Pole.
+
+A report from Arctic Russia says that on the night of September 14th the
+inhabitants of a little village saw a balloon which was believed to be
+that of Andree's.
+
+A day or two after this a carrier-pigeon brought a despatch from the
+traveller.
+
+The tidings brought by this bird were that Andree was making a good
+voyage to the eastward, and that all was going well.
+
+There is no doubt that this message is a genuine one from the explorer.
+The pigeon bore on its wings the same markings as on those which the
+adventurer carried with him. Scientists have, however, expressed their
+opinion that Andree has failed to reach the Pole. The message of the
+bird and the direction in which the balloon was seen to be going have
+convinced them that Andree has been carried eastward, and not across the
+Pole, as he had hoped.
+
+It is thought that by this time the gas in the balloon must have become
+exhausted, and that Andree and his companions have had to cut loose from
+it, and are on the ice somewhere near Spitzbergen, and that they may
+perhaps be so fortunate as to drift near enough to civilization to be
+picked up and rescued.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Interesting news has reached us about Lieutenant Peary.
+
+He left Boston in July to see if he could not establish a settlement far
+to the north in Greenland, which should serve him as a base of supplies,
+or a place where he could leave the main part of his baggage, and to
+which he could send or return at will.
+
+Lieutenant Peary's plan for reaching the North Pole, when he sets out in
+1898, is to establish a number of Esquimau colonies at certain distances
+apart, and leave supplies with each colony on which he can fall back in
+case of need.
+
+He reports that he will have no difficulty in carrying out his plan. He
+met a number of old friends among the Esquimaux, all of whom were eager
+to help him in his work of exploring the north of Greenland and
+searching for the North Pole. He has every hope that the new trip which
+he is about to undertake will be a successful one.
+
+Lieutenant Peary reports that he is bringing with him the great Cape
+York meteorite, which he intends to place in the American Museum of
+Natural History in New York.
+
+A meteorite is a fallen meteor or star, a mass of metal that has fallen
+upon the earth from space. It is often called a fallen star.
+
+From the earliest times to the present there is a record of 520
+meteorites having fallen upon the earth; 142 of this number fell in the
+United States; 13 were seen to fall.
+
+Forty-five years ago a traveller visiting Greenland noticed that the
+natives used some kind of metal with which they put tips and edges on
+their weapons. On inquiry they told him that they obtained it from some
+large stones, but they could not or would not show him where the stones
+were to be found.
+
+Lieutenant Peary determined to find them, as he suspected that they were
+meteorites, and after a long and careful search he found them on
+Melville Bay, a little east of Cape York.
+
+There were three rocks, all of uncommonly large size, and on examination
+they proved to be meteorites, one of them being the largest ever found.
+
+In 1895 the two smaller ones were brought back by Lieutenant Peary; but
+before he was able to move the larger one, the ice began to form in the
+bay, and not wishing to be blocked in for the winter, he had to leave
+the prize where it was.
+
+Last year he made another effort to secure the big stone, but the
+machinery he was using to raise it got out of order, and he again had to
+abandon the attempt.
+
+Now a message comes from Sydney, a port on Cape Breton, Nova Scotia,
+which says that he has arrived safely, bringing with him the famous
+meteorite.
+
+When his vessel, the _Hope_, steamed into port she was in a very
+battered condition. She had encountered so many storms and such furious
+seas that her bulwarks had been washed away.
+
+In addition to this she was burning her last ton of coal as she steamed
+into port, and so her crew must have been very glad when they sighted
+land.
+
+We have not yet heard how the big meteorite was wrenched from its icy
+bed, and it is probable that when the _Hope_ reaches New York we shall
+have an interesting story to tell you about it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The news from the Sandwich Islands is of a very pleasant character.
+
+The Hawaiian Senate met in extra session, and agreed to the annexation
+of the islands to the United States. There was not one vote against it,
+and so the treaty was ratified by a "unanimous vote" of the Senate.
+
+Every Senator was in his seat as the roll was called, and nearly every
+one had a good word to say for annexation.
+
+A protest against the treaty was handed to the President, and considered
+by the Senate before the treaty was ratified.
+
+The Senators did not regard the protest as worthy of much consideration,
+as it was signed by but fifteen persons, all of whom were friends of the
+ex-queen. They therefore regarded it as a political scheme arranged by
+those royalists who still have hopes of restoring the monarchy.
+
+It is said that Liliuokalani has a new plan for the throne of Hawaii.
+She has come to the conclusion that the people of the Sandwich Islands
+want neither her nor her rule any longer. She did so many bad things
+while she was queen that the people who would like to see the monarchy
+restored would not be willing that she should be queen again.
+
+Liliuokalani has therefore decided to resign the throne in favor of her
+niece, the Princess Kaiulani.
+
+This young lady is a charming and well-educated person, and the old
+Queen is wise enough to know that none of the objections which people
+have to her could apply to Kaiulani.
+
+If the plan is successful, the young Queen is to make ample provision
+for Liliuokalani.
+
+Meanwhile Japan has agreed to arbitrate the immigration question, but
+refuses to consider the matter from the Hawaiian point of view.
+
+The complaint which was made against Japan in the first instance was
+that she evaded the law which provided that every immigrant must have a
+contract for labor and fifty dollars in cash in his pocket, by giving
+false contracts and lending the required fifty dollars, which immigrants
+gave back as soon as they were safely landed.
+
+The Japanese refuse to enter into the question whether this fifty
+dollars was fraudulently supplied. They say that so long as each man
+had fifty dollars in his possession, it was nobody's business where or
+how he got it. They persistently refuse to arbitrate this point, which
+seems to be the most important of all the questions involved.
+
+The Japanese are continuing to send large numbers of emigrants to
+Honolulu, and the Hawaiians have become very much alarmed about it.
+
+They insist that the new colonists are Japanese soldiers disguised as
+laborers, and that the Mikado is sending them over to be in readiness to
+fight for the possession of the country in case the United States
+decides to annex it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The strike in Hazleton is now over, but the settlement has not been made
+without a good deal of trouble and anxiety.
+
+When the state troops ordered out by the Governor arrived in the town,
+some of the men decided to go to work under the protection of the
+troops. The spirit of the strikers had been broken by the firing of the
+Sheriff and his posse, and many of the men who were peaceably inclined
+thought the best thing to do was to go back to work.
+
+The women did not agree with them. The wives and mothers of the
+unfortunate men who had been killed declared that their dear ones should
+not have been sacrificed for nothing; and as the men refused to continue
+the strike, the women decided to go on with it for them.
+
+A strike is of no use unless all the men stand together and hold out for
+their point. The women understood this perfectly, and they determined
+that the men should stand together.
+
+Arming themselves with sticks, they set out in a body for the mines that
+were being worked, and under the very noses of the soldiers raided the
+works and drove the men out.
+
+The next morning the men, still determined to go to work, started out in
+a body for the mines. On their way they were met by a body of women, who
+drove them back with threats and scoldings to their homes again.
+
+The general in command of the state troops then decided that it was time
+for him to interfere, and on the third day, when the women attempted to
+stop the men, the troops were ordered to disperse them.
+
+To frighten the women the officers ordered their men to fix their
+bayonets and advance on the women as if they meant to charge them.
+
+The two bodies met--the women brandishing their sticks, and the men with
+their glittering bayonets pointed at this unusual foe.
+
+The women were, however, not deceived. They refused to believe that the
+soldiers would charge them, and when they saw the men advancing they
+began to laugh. This laugh was rapidly taken up by the soldiers; and the
+two parties facing each other, brandishing their weapons and laughing,
+must have been a curious sight.
+
+For some time the women stood their ground, but finally became convinced
+that, though the soldiers were not going to do them any harm, they did
+not mean to allow them to pass or to do any mischief of their own. They
+then fell back, and returned to their homes; and the women being
+disposed of, the miners went peaceably to their work.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The sheriff and the deputies who did the shooting in Hazleton have been
+arrested.
+
+At the first hearing the judge decided that there was a grave cause of
+complaint against the men, and so he ordered that they should be tried
+before a jury to find whether they were guilty of murdering the rioters.
+
+As they were all respectable men, who were not likely to run away, the
+judge allowed them to furnish bail. That is to say, he said that if they
+could each find a friend who would give the court $6,000 as a surety
+that they would come up for trial when their case was called, they might
+go free in the mean time.
+
+Each of the accused men was able to furnish the required bail, and so
+they are all at liberty for the present.
+
+        *       *       *       *       *
+
+Queen Christina of Spain is not the only queen regent in Europe. The
+Government of Holland is also in the hands of a queen mother, who is
+guiding the affairs of state for her young daughter, Queen Wilhelmina.
+
+The fact has been brought to our notice by the announcement of Queen
+Emma that her daughter will be eighteen years old next August, and will
+then assume the cares of government.
+
+Queen Emma has been Regent of the Netherlands since 1890, when her
+husband King William III. became insane, and was declared to be
+incapable of governing.
+
+The little Wilhelmina was then ten years old. She is now a grown-up
+young lady, and there is quite a stir among the royal families of Europe
+to find a suitable husband for her.
+
+A marriage has been proposed for her with Prince Alexander of Teck,
+whose sister is the wife of the Duke of York, and will probably one day
+be Queen of England. The Duke of York is the son of the Prince of Wales.
+
+The young Prince of Teck has been sent to Holland to visit the young
+Queen at her castle of Loo, but as yet the Queen has neither refused nor
+accepted him.
+
+It is rumored that Prince Alexander of Teck hopes that Wilhelmina will
+refuse him, as he is very anxious to marry a young American of great
+wealth.
+
+This is a very romantic story, and very pleasing to our national vanity
+to think that one of the daughters of America may some day be closely
+related to the Queen of England, but it is a very remote contingency,
+and not very likely to occur.
+
+                                                      G.H. ROSENFELD.
+
+
+
+
+INVENTION AND DISCOVERY.
+
+
+Tennessee has the latest thing in bicycles.
+
+It seems that the wheel craze is just as rampant there as it is in our
+own fair city of New York, but that the facilities for owning machines
+are not as great there as here.
+
+To overcome this, a bright-minded individual has invented a new device,
+which is certainly the most ingenious we have yet heard of.
+
+It is a "nickel-in-the-slot" bicycle, and probably works somewhat on the
+principle of the "quarter-in-the-slot" gas-meter, which for every
+twenty-five cents put in, releases just that coin's worth of gas to
+illuminate your house.
+
+The bicycle, however, is arranged in such a manner that for every
+five-cent piece dropped in the slot it will run exactly five miles.
+
+There is not the slightest fear of the rider forgetting to renew the
+nickel when he has ridden his five cents' worth; nor is there any chance
+of his cheating the wheel out of an extra mile--or half inch, for the
+matter of that.
+
+When the end of the five miles is reached the honest wheel stops dead.
+Whether it throws its rider over its head or not is a matter of no
+moment to it. It stops then and there, and refuses to move another foot
+until it is re-fed with a fresh nickel. Then it will bound along again
+as peacefully as before.
+
+The story does not say whether a device in the form of a small red flag
+shoots out from any portion of the wheel to give a warning when the next
+"lap's" rent is due. But without some such plan we should doubt whether
+this kind of wheel would ever become very popular; for while four miles
+and three quarters might be ridden with much peaceful enjoyment, the
+last quarter of a mile would be filled with terrors that would spoil the
+pleasure of the nicest ride ever attempted.
+
+                                                       G.H.R.
+
+
+
+
+LETTERS FROM OUR YOUNG FRIENDS.
+
+
+     DEAR EDITOR:
+
+     Where can the "pocket protector" and scissors-sharpening
+     machine, mentioned in THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, be obtained.
+                                                 MRS. M.F.
+
+     NORTHFIELD, MINN., Aug. 4th, 1897.
+
+
+DEAR MADAM:
+
+We are not able to tell you where the above articles are manufactured,
+but you could obtain them through the agency of any reliable,
+first-class hardware store. In all such stores they have illustrated
+catalogues of the various articles manufactured in their line of goods,
+and you should have no difficulty in finding both the pocket protector
+and the scissors sharpener.
+
+                                                 EDITOR.
+
+
+     DEAR EDITOR:
+
+     I have never written to you before, so you don't know my
+     name. Papa is on the school committee, so you sent him a
+     sample copy. I saw it, and was very much interested in it. I
+     am extremely fond of reading and have read at least ten
+     different histories. And with one exception I like your
+     little book best of all. You can imagine how well I like to
+     read when I tell you I am eleven years old, and have read
+     over seven hundred prose books, and the books of ten
+     different poets. I could read primary lessons when I was
+     three years old.
+
+                                            Yours truly,
+                                                 ELEANOR J.L.
+
+     P.S.--I am going to earn money so I can subscribe.
+     NEWBURYPORT, MASS., Sept. 7th, 1897.
+
+
+DEAR ELEANOR:
+
+We are delighted to hear from you, and to have the indorsement of such a
+bright little critic as you must be after all that you have read.
+
+Would you not like to have our premium list and learn the easiest way
+for you to become a subscriber?
+
+                                                 EDITOR.
+
+
+     DEAR EDITOR:
+
+     Your little magazine is of great interest to me, as I am
+     sure it is to many others. I am especially interested in the
+     accounts you give of the search for the North Pole. I do
+     hope that soon _somebody_ will succeed in reaching it, so as
+     to tell us just what kind of a region it is.
+
+     I hope that the Cubans will soon gain their liberty for I
+     think they surely deserve it.
+
+     Wishing THE GREAT ROUND WORLD great success, and a long
+     life, I remain,
+
+                                 Your most devoted reader,
+                                                 ALISON H.
+
+     BREWSTER, CAPE COD, MASS., Sept. 7th, 1897.
+
+
+DEAR ALISON:
+
+Many thanks for your nice kind letter, and for the good wishes contained
+in it.                 EDITOR.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 48, October 7, 1897, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
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