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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/15996-8.txt b/15996-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f2211f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/15996-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2443 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 32, June 8, 1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 32, June 8, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: June 6, 2005 [EBook #15996] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon +Ingram, William Flis, and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +NO. 32.] SATURDAY, JUNE 8. 1850. [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4d. + + * * * * * + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- + Presence of Strangers in the House of Commons 17 + The Agapemone, by Richard Greene 17 + London Irish Registers, by Robert Cole 18 + Folk Lore--Divination by Bible and Key--Charm for Warts--Boy or Girl 19 +QUERIES:-- + Poet Laureates 20 + Minor Queries:--Wood Paper--Latin Line--New Edition of Milton--Barum + and Sarum--Roman Roads--John Dutton, of Dutton--Rome--Prolocutor of + Convocation--Language of Queen Mary's Days--Vault Interments--Archbishop + Williams' Persecutor, R.K.--The Sun feminine in English--Construe and + translate--Men but Children of a Larger Growth--Clerical Costume--Ergh, + Er, or Argh--Burial Service--Gaol Chaplains--Hanging out the + Broom--George Lord Goring--Bands 21 +REPLIES:-- + Derivation of "News" and "Noise" by Samuel Hickson 23 + The Dodo Queries, by H.E. Strickland 24 + Bohn's Edition of Milton 24 + Umbrellas 25 + Emancipation of the Jews 25 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Wellington, Wyrwast and Cokam--Sir William + Skipwyth--Dr. Johnson and Dr. Warton--Worm of Lambton--Shakspeare's + Will--Josias Ibach Stada--The Temple or a Temple--Bawn--"Heigh ho! + says Rowley"--Arabic Numerals--Pusan--"I'd preach as though"--"Fools + rush in"--Allusion in Friar Brackley's Sermon--Earwig--Sir R. Haigh's + Letter-book--Marescautia--Memoirs of an American Lady--Poem by Sir E. + Dyer, &c. 26 +MISCELLANIES:-- + Blue Boar Inn, Holborn--Lady Morgan and Curry--Sir Walter Scott and + Erasmus--Parallel Passages--Grays Ode--The Grand + Style--Hoppesteris--Sheridan's last Residence 30 +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Catalogues, Sales, &c. 31 + Notices to Correspondents 31 + Advertisements 32 + + * * * * * + + + + +NOTES. + + +PRESENCE OF STRANGERS IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS. + + +In the late debate on Mr. Grantley Berkeley's motion for a fixed duty +on corn, Sir Benjamin Hall is reported to have imagined the presence +of a stranger to witness the debate, and to have said that he was +imagining what every one knew the rules of the House rendered an +impossibility. It is strange that so intelligent a member of the +House of Commons should be ignorant of the fact that the old sessional +orders, which absolutely prohibited the presence of strangers in the +House of Commons, were abandoned in 1845, and that a standing order +now exists in their place which recognises and regulates their +presence. The insertion of this "note" may prevent many "queries" in +after times, when the sayings and doings of 1850 have become matters +of antiquarian discussion. + +The following standing orders were made by the House of Commons on the +5th of February, 1845, on the motion of Mr. Christie, (see Hansard, +and Commons' Journals of that day), and superseded the old sessional +orders, which purported to exclude strangers entirely from the House +of Commons:-- + +"That the serjeant at arms attending this House do from time to +time take into his custody any stranger whom he may see, or who +may be reported to him to be, in any part of the House or gallery +appropriated to the members of this House; and also any stranger who, +having been admitted into any other part of the House or gallery, +shall misconduct himself, or shall not withdraw when strangers are +directed to withdraw while the House, or any committee of the whole +House, is sitting; and that no person so taken into custody be +discharged out of custody without the special order of the House. + +"That no member of this House do presume to bring any stranger into +any part of the House or gallery appropriated to the members of this +House while the House, or a committee of the whole House, is sitting." + +Now, therefore, strangers are only liable to be taken into custody +if in a part of the House appropriated to members, or misconducting +themselves, or refusing to withdraw when ordered by the Speaker to do +so; and Sir Benjamin Hall imagined no impossibility. + +CH. + + * * * * * + + +THE AGAPEMONE. + + +Like most other things, the "Agapemone" wickedness, which has recently +disgusted all decent people, does not appear to be a new thing by any +means. The religion-mongers of the nineteenth century have a precedent +nearly 300 years old for this house of evil repute. + +In the reign of Elizabeth, the following proclamation was issued +against "The Sectaries of the Family of Love:"-- + +"Whereas, by report of sundry of the Bishops of this Realm, and others +having care of souls, the Queen's Majesty is informed, that in sundry +places of her said Realm, in their several Dioceses there are certain +persons which do secretly, in corners, make privy assemblies of +divers simple unlearned people, and after they have craftily and +hypocritically allured them to esteem them to be more holy and +perfect men than other are, they do then teach them damnable heresies, +directly contrary to divers of the principal Articles of our Belief +and Christian Faith and in some parts so absurd and fanatical, as by +feigning to themselves a monstrous new kind of speech, never found in +the Scriptures, nor in ancient Father or writer of Christ's Church, by +which they do move ignorant and simple people at the first rather to +marvel at them, than to understand them but yet to colour their sect +withal, they name themselves to be of the _Family of Love_, and then +as many as shall be allowed by them to be of that family to be elect +and saved, and all others, of what Church soever they be, to be +rejected and damned. And for that upon conventing of some of them +before the Bishops and Ordinaries, it is found that the ground of +their sect, is maintained by certain lewd, heretical, and seditious +books first made in the Dutch tongue, and lately translated into +English, and printed beyond the seas, and secretly brought over +into the Realm, the author whereof they name H.N., without yielding +to him, upon their examination, any other name, in whose name they +have certain books set forth, called _Evangelium Regni, or, A Joyful +Message of the Kingdom; Documental Sentences, The Prophecie of the +Spirit of Love; a Publishing of the Peace upon the Earth_, and such +like. + +"And considering also it is found, that these Sectaries hold opinion, +that they may before any magistrate, ecclesiastical or temporal, +or any other person not being professed to be of their sect (which +they term the Family of Love), by oath or otherwise deny any thing +for their advantage, so as though many of them are well known to be +teachers and spreaders abroad of these dangerous and damnable sects, +yet by their own confession they cannot be condemned, whereby they are +more dangerous in any Christian Realm: Therefore, her Majesty being +very sorry to see so great an evil by the malice of the Devil, first +begun and practised in other countries, to be now brought into this +her Realm, and that by her Bishops and Ordinaries she understandeth +it very requisite, not only to have these dangerous Heretics and +Sectaries to be severely punished, but that also all other means be +used by her Majesty's Royal authority, which is given her of God +to defend Christ's Church, to root them out from further infecting +her Realm, she hath thought meet and convenient, and so by this her +Proclamation she willeth and commandeth, that all her Officers and +Ministers temporal shall, in all their several vocations, assist +the Archbishops and Bishops of her Realm, and all other persons +ecclesiastical, having care of souls, to search out all persons duly +suspected to be either teachers or professors of the foresaid damnable +sects, and by all good means to proceed severely against them +being found culpable, by order of the Laws either ecclesiastical or +temporal: and that, also, search be made in all places suspected, for +the books and writings maintaining the said Heresies and Sects, and +them to destroy and burn. + +"And wheresoever such Books shall be found after the publication +hereof, in custody of any person, other than such as the Ordinaries +shall permit, to the intent to peruse the same for confutation +thereof, the same persons to be attached and committed to close +prison, there to remain, or otherwise by Law to be condemned, until +the same shall be purged and cleared of the same heresies, or shall +recant the same, and be thought meet by the Ordinary of the place to +be delivered. And that whoever in this Realm shall either print, or +bring, or cause to be brought into this Realm, any of the said Books, +the same persons to be attached and committed to prison, and to +receive such bodily punishment and other mulct as fautors of damnable +heresies. And to the execution hereof, her Majesty chargeth all her +Officers and Ministers, both ecclesiastical and temporal, to have +special regard, as they will answer not only afore God, whose glory +and truth is by these damnable Sects greatly sought to be defaced, +but also will avoid her Majesty's indignation, which in such cases as +these are, they ought not to escape, if they shall be found negligent +and careless in the execution of their authorities. + +"Given at our Mannour of Richmond, the third of October, in the +two-and-twentieth year of our Reign. + +"God Save The Queen." + +RICHARD GREENE. + +Lichfield, May 28. 1850. + + * * * * * + + +LONDON PARISH REGISTERS. + +The interleaving, of a little work in my possession, published by +Kearsley in 1787, intitled _Account of the several Wards, Precincts, +and Parishes in the City of London_, contains MS. notes of the +commencement of the registers of fifty of the London parishes, and of +four of Southwark, the annexed list[1] of which may be of use to some +of the readers of "Notes and Queries." The book formerly belonged to +Sir George Nayler, whose signature it bears on a fly-leaf. + +[Footnote 1: We have collated the list with the Population Returns +(Parish Register abstract) 1831, and noted any difference. In addition +to the list given from Sir Geo. Nayler's MS. the following early +registers were extant in 1831:-- + + 1538. Allhallows, Bread Street; Allhallows, Honey + Lane; Christ Church; St. Mary-le-bow; + St. Matthew, Friday Street; St. Michael + Bassishaw; St. Pancras, Soper Lane. + 1539. St. Martin, Ironmonger Lane; St. Martin + Ludgate; St. Michael, Crooked Lane. + 1547. St. George, Botolph Lane, at the commencement + of which are 22 entries from tombs, 1390-1410. + 1558. Allhallows the Less; St. Andrew, Wardrope; + St. Bartholomew, Exchange; St. Christopher-le-Stock; + St. Mary-at-Hill, St. Michael le Quern; + St. Michael, Royal; St. Olave, Jewry; + St. Thomas the Apostle; St. Botolph, Bishopsgate. + 1559. St. Augustine; St. Margaret, Moses; St. Michael, + Wood Street. + 1560. St. Magnus. + + Allhallows, Barking begins 1558 + ----------- London Wall " 1567 [1559 Pop. ret.] + ----------- Lombard Street " 1550 + ----------- Staining " 1642 + St. Andrew Undershaft " 1558 + St. Antholin " 1538 + St. Bennet Fink " 1538 + ----------- Gracechurch " 1558 + St. Clement, Eastcheap " 1539 + St. Dionis Backchurch " 1538 + St. Dunstan in the East " 1558 + St. Edmund the King " 1670 + St. Gabriel, Fenchurch " 1571 + St. Gregory " 1539 [1559 Pop. ret., + probably an error + of transcriber.] + St. James Garlickhithe " 1535 + St. John Baptist " 1682 [1538 Pop. ret.] + St. Katharine Coleman " 1559 + St. Lawrence, Jewry " 1538 + ------------- Pountney " 1538 + St. Leonard, Eastcheap " 1538 + St. Margaret Lothbury " 1558 + ------------ Pattens " 1653 [1559 Pop. ret.] + St. Martin Orgars " 1625 + ---------- Outwick " 1678 [1670 Pop. ret.] + ---------- Vestry " 1671 [1668 Pop. ret.] + St. Mary, Aldermanbury " 1538 + St. Mary Magdalene, Old + Fish Street " 1712 [1717 Pop. ret.] + St. Mary Mounthaw " 1568 [1711 Pop. ret. + A register evidently + lost.] + St. Mary Somerset " 1558 [1711 Pop. ret. + A register missing.] + St. Mary Woolchurch, and St. + Mary Woolnorth, both in one " 1538 + St. Michael, Cornhill, beg. _before_ 1546 + ------------ Royal begins 1558 + St. Mildred, Poultry " 1538 + St. Nicholas Acons " 1539 + ------------ Coleabby " 1695 [1538 Pop. ret.] + ------------ Olave " 1703 + St. Peter, Cornhill " 1538 + St. Peter le Poor " 1538 [1561 Pop. ret.] + St. Stephen, Coleman Street " 1558 + ------------ Walbrook " 1557 + St. Swithin " 1615 [1754 Pop. ret.] + St. Andrew, Holborn " 1551 [1558 Pop. ret.] + St. Bartholomew the Great " 1616 + --------------- the Less " 1547 + St. Botolph, Aldgate " 1558 + St. Bride " 1653[2] + St. Dunstan in the West " 1554 [1558 Pop. ret.] + St. Sepulchre " 1663 + _Note_.--The register prior burnt at the fire of London. + St. Olave, Southwark. "Register said by + _Bray's Survey_ to be as early as + 1586. Vide vol. i. 111-607; but on a + search made this day it appears that + the register does not begin till + 1685. Qy. if not a book + lost?--5th Oct. 1829." [1685 Pop. ret.] + St. George, Southwark, beg. abt. 1600 [1602 Pop. ret.] + St. Mary Magdalen, Bermondsey, begins + 1548 (Lysons); but from end of 1642 + to 1653 only two entries made; viz. + one in Nov. 1643, and another Aug. + 1645, which finishes the first + volume; and the second volume + begins in 1653. + St. Saviour, Southwark, begins temp. Eliz. [1570 Pop. ret.] + St. Thomas, Southwark, begins 1614. + +ROB. COLE. + +[Footnote 2: _Note in the Book_--There are registers before this in +the hands of Mr. Pridden.] + + * * * * * + + +FOLK LORE. + + +_Divination by Bible and Key_ seems not merely confined to this +country, but to prevail in Asia. The following passage from +_Pérégrinations en Orient_, par Eusèbe de Salle, vol. i. p. 167., +Paris, 1840, may throw some additional light on this superstition. +The author is speaking of his sojourn at Antioch, in the house of the +_English_ consul. + +"En rentrant dans le salon, je trouvai Mistriss B. assise sur son +divan, près d'un natif Syrien Chrétien. Ils tenaient à eux deux une +Bible, suspendue à une grosse clé par un mouchoir fin. Mistriss B. ne +se rappelait pas avoir reçu un bijou qu'un Aleppin affirmait lui avoir +remis. Le Syrien disait une prière, puis prononçait alternativement +les noms de la dame et de l'Aleppin. La Bible pivota au nom de la dame +déclarée par-là en erreur. Elle se leva à l'instant, et ayant fait des +recherches plus exactes, finit par trouver le bijou." + +I hardly think that this would be an English superstition transplanted +to the East; it is more probable that it was originally derived frown +Syria. + +E.C. + +Newcastle-on-Tyne, May 19. 1850. + + +_Charm for Warts_.--Count most carefully the number of warts; take a +corresponding number of nodules or knots from the stalks of any of the +_cerealia_ (wheat, oats, barley); wrap these in a cloth, and deposit +the packet in the earth; _all the steps of the operation being done +secretly_. As the nodules decay the warts will disappear. Some artists +think it necessary that each wart should be _touched_ by a separate +nodule. + +This practice was very rife in the north of Scotland some fifty years +since, and no doubt is so still. It was regarded as very +effective, and certainly had plenty of evidence of the +_post-hoc-ergo-propter-hoc_ order in its favour. + +Is this practice prevalent in England? + +It will be remarked that this belongs to the category of _Vicarious +Charms_, which have in all times and in all ages, in great things and +in small things, been one of the favourite resources of poor mortals +in their difficulties. Such charms (for all analogous practices may be +so called) are, in point of fact, _sacrifices_ made on the principle +so widely adopted,--_qui facit per alium facit per se_. The common +witch-charm of melting an image of wax stuck full of pins before +a slow fire, is a familiar instance. Everybody knows that the +party _imaged_ by the wax continues to suffer all the tortures of +pin-pricking until he or she finally melts away (colliquescit), or +dies in utter emaciation. + +EMDEE. + + +_Boy or Girl._--The following mode was adopted a few years ago in +a branch of my family residing in Denbighshire, with the view of +discovering the sex of an infant previous to its birth. As I do not +remember to have met with it in other localities, it may, perhaps, +be an interesting addition to your "Folk Lore." An old woman of the +village, strongly attached to the family, asked permission to use +a harmless charm to learn if the expected infant would be male or +female. Accordingly she joined the servants at their supper, where she +assisted in clearing a shoulder of mutton of every particle of meat. +She then held the blade-bone to the fire until it was scorched, so +as to permit her to force her thumbs through the thin part. Through +the holes thus made she passed a string, and having knotted the ends +together, she drove in a nail over the back door and left the house, +giving strict injunctions to the servants to hang the bone up in that +place the last thing at night. Then they were carefully to observe who +should first enter that door on the following morning, exclusive of +the members of the household, and the sex of the child would be that +of the first comer. This rather vexed some of the servants, who wished +for a boy, as two or three women came regularly each morning to the +house, and a man was scarcely ever seen there; but to their delight +the first comer on this occasion proved to be a man, and in a few +weeks the old woman's reputation was established throughout the +neighbourhood by the birth of a boy. + +M.E.F. + + * * * * * + + + + +QUERIES. + + +POET LAUREATES. + +Can any of the contributors to your most useful "NOTES AND QUERIES" +favour me with the title of any work which gives an account of the +origin, office, emoluments, and privileges of Poet Laureate. Selden, +in his _Titles of Honour (Works_, vol. iii. p. 451.), shows the Counts +Palatine had the right of conferring the dignity claimed by the +German Emperors. The first payment I am aware of is to Master Henry +de Abrinces, the _Versifier_ (I suppose Poet Laureate), who received +6d. a day,--4l. 7s., as will be seen in the _Issue Roll_ of Thomas de +Brantingham, edited by Frederick Devon. + +Warton (_History of English Poetry_, vol. ii. p. 129.) gives no +further information, and is the author generally quoted; but the +particular matter sought for is wanting. + +The first patent, according to the _Encyclopædia Metropolitana_, +article "Laureate," is stated, as regards the existing office, to date +from 5th Charles I., 1630; and assigns as the annual gratuity 100l., +and a tierce of Spanish Canary wine out of the royal cellars. + +Prior to this, the emoluments appear uncertain, as will be seen by +Gifford's statement relative to the amount paid to B. Jonson, vol. i. +cxi.:-- + + "Hitherto the Laureateship appears to have been a mere trifle, + adopted at pleasure by those who were employed to write for + the court, but conveying no privileges, and establishing no + claim to a salary." + +I am inclined to doubt the accuracy of the phrase "employed to write +for the court." Certain it is, the question I now raise was _pressed_ +then, as it was to satisfy Ben Jonson's want of information Selden +wrote on the subject in his _Titles of Honour_. + +These emoluments, rights, and privileges have been matters of +Laureate dispute, even to the days of Southey. In volume iv. of his +correspondence, many hints of this will be found; e.g., at page 310., +with reference to Gifford's statement, and "my proper rights." + +The Abbé Resnel says,--"L'illustre Dryden l'a porté comme _Poète du +Roy_," which rather reduces its academic dignity; and adds, "Le Sieur +Cyber, comédien de profession, est actuellement en possession du titre +de Poète Lauréate, et qu'il jouit en même tems de deux cens livres +sterling de pension, à la charge de présenter tous les ans, deux +pièces de vers à la famille royale." + +I am afraid, however, the Abbé drew upon his imagination for the +amount of the salary; and that he would find the people were never so +hostile to the court as to sanction so heavy an infliction upon the +royal family, as they would have met with from the quit-rent ode, the +peppercorn of praise paid by Elkanah Settle, Cibber, or H.J. Pye. + +The Abbé, however, is not so amusing in his mistake (if mistaken) +relative to this point, as I find another foreign author has been +upon two Poet Laureates, Dryden and Settle. Vincenzo Lancetti, in his +_Pseudonimia Milano_, 1836, tells us:-- + + "Anche la durezza di alcuni cognomi ha più volte consigliato + un raddolcimento, che li rendesse più facili a pronunziarsi. + Percio Macloughlin divenne Macklin; Machloch, Mallet; ed + Elkana Settle fu poi ---- John Dryden!" + +--a metamorphose greater, I suspect, than any to be found in Ovid, and +a transmigration of soul far beyond those imagined by the philosophers +of the East. + +S.H. + +Athenæum. + + * * * * * + + + + +MINOR QUERIES. + + +_Wood Paper_.--The reprint of the _Works of Bishop Wilkins_, London, +1802, 2 vols. 8vo., is said to be on paper made from wood pulp. +It has all the appearance of it in roughness, thickness, and very +unequal opacity. Any sheet looked at with a candle behind it is like +a firmament scattered with luminous nebulæ. I can find mention of +straw paper, as patented about the time; but I should think it almost +impossible (knowing how light the Indian rice paper is) that the heavy +fabric above mentioned should be of straw. Is it from wood? If so, +what is the history of the invention, and what other works were +printed in it? + +M. + + +_Latin Line_.--I should be very much obliged to anybody who can tell +where this line comes from:-- + + "Exiguum hoc magni pignus amoris habe," + +which was engraved on a present from a distinguished person to a +relation of mine, who tried in several quarters to learn where it came +from. + +C.B. + + +_Milton, New Edition of_.--I observe in Mr. Mayor's communication +(Vol. i. p. 427.), that some one is engaged in editing Milton. May +I ask who, and whether the contemplated edition includes prose and +poetry? + +CH. + + +_Barum and Sarum_.--By what theory, rule, or analogy, if any, can the +contractions be accounted for of two names so dissimilar, into +words terminating so much alike, as those of Salisbury into +Sarum--Barnstaple into Barum? + +S.S.S. + + +_Roman Roads_.--Can you inform me in whose possession is the MS. essay +on "Roman Roads," written by the late Dr. Charles Mason, to which I +find allusion in a MS. letter of Mr. North's? + +BURIENSIS. + + +_John Dutton, of Dutton_.--In the Vagrant Act, 17 George II., c. 5., +the heir and assigns of John Dutton, of Dutton, co. Chester, deceased, +Esq., are exempt from the pains and penalties of vagrancy. Query--Who +was the said John Dutton, and why was such a boon conferred on his +heirs for ever? + +B. + + +_Rome, Ancient and Modern_.--I observed, in a shop in Rome, in 1847, +a large plan of that city, in which, on the same surface, both ancient +and modern Rome were represented; the shading of the streets and +buildings being such as to distinguish the one from the other. Thus, +in looking at the modern Forum, you saw, as it were _underneath_ it, +the ancient Forum; and so in the other parts of the city. Can any of +your readers inform me as to the name of the designer, and where, if +at all, in England, a copy of this plan may be obtained? + +If I remember rightly, the border to the plan was composed of the +Pianta Capitolina, or fragments of the ancient plan preserved in +the Capitol. In the event of the map above referred to not being +accessible, can I obtain a copy of this latter plan by itself, and +how? + +A.B.M. + + +_Prolocutor of Convocation_.--W.D.M. inquires who was Prolocutor of +the Lower House of Convocation during its session in 1717-18? + + +_Language of Queen Mary's Days_.--In the first vol. of Evelyn's +_Diary_ (the last edition) I find the following notice:-- + + "18th, Went to Beverley, a large town with two churches, St. + John's and St. Mary's, not much inferior to the best of our + cathedrals. Here a very old woman showed us the monuments, + and being above 100 years of age, spake _the language of Queen + Mary's days_, in whose time she was born; she was widow of a + sexton, who had belonged to the church a hundred years." + +Will any of your readers inform me what was the language spoken in +_Queen Mary's_ days, and what peculiarity distinguished it from the +language used in _Evelyn's_ days? + +A learned author has suggested, that the difference arose from the +slow progress in social improvement in the North of England, caused by +the difficulty of communication with the court and its refinements. I +am still anxious to ascertain what the difference was. + +FRA. MEWBURN. + +Darlington. + + +_Vault Interments_.--I shall be very glad of any information as to the +origin and date of the practice of depositing coffins in vaults, and +whether this custom obtains in any other country than our own. + +WALTER LEWIS. + +Edward Street, Portman Square. + + +_Archbishop Williams' Persecutor, R.K._--Any information will be +thankfully received of the ancestors, collaterals, or descendants, of +the notorious R.K.--the unprincipled persecutor of Archbp. Williams, +mentioned in Fuller's _Church Hist._, B. xi. cent. 17.; and in +Hacket's Life of the Archbishop (abridgment), p. 190. + +F.K. + + +_The Sun feminine in English_.--It has been often remarked, that +the northern nations made the sun to be feminine.[3] Do any of your +readers know any instances of the _English_ using this gender of the +sun? I have found the following:-- + +"So it will be at that time with the sun; for though _she_ be the +brightest and clearest creature, above all others, yet, for all that +Christ with His glory and majesty will obscure _her."--Latimer's +Works_, Parker Soc. edit. vol. ii. p. 54. + +"Not that the sun itself, of _her_ substance, shall be darkened; no, +not so; for _she_ shall give _her_ light, but it shall not be seen +for this great light and clearness wherein our Saviour shall +appear."--(Ib. p. 98.) + +THOS. COX. + +[Footnote 3: See Latham's _English Language_, 2nd edition, p. 211] + + +_Construe and translate_.--In my school-days, verbal rendering from +Latin or Greek into English was _construing_; the same on paper was +_translating_. Whence this difference of phrase? + +M. + + +_Men but Children of a larger growth_.--Can you give one the author of +the following line? + + "Men are but children of a larger growth." + +R.G. + + +_Clerical Costume_.--In the Diary of the Rev. Giles Moore, rector of +Hosted Keynes, in Sussex, published in the first volume of the Sussex +Archæological Collections, there is the following account of his +dress:-- + + "I went to Lewis and bought 4 yards of broad black cloth at + 16s. the yard, and two yards and 1/2 of scarlet serge for a + waistcoat, 11s. 1d., and 1/4 of an ounce of scarlet silke, + 1s." + +and this appears to have been his regular dress. Will any of your +correspondents inform me whether this scarlet serge waistcoat was +commonly worn by the clergy in those times, namely, in 1671? + +R.W.B. + + +_Ergh, Er, or Argh_.--In Dr. Whitaker's _History of Whalley_, p. 37., +ed. 1818, are the following observations on the above word:-- + + "This is a singular word, which occurs, however both to the + north and south of the Ribble, though much more frequently + to the north. To the south, I know not that it occurs, but + in Angles-ark and Brettargh. To the north are Battarghes, + Ergh-holme, Stras-ergh, Sir-ergh, Feiz-er, Goosen-ergh. In + all the Teutonic dialects I meet with nothing resembling this + word, _excepting the Swedish_ Arf, _terra_ (_vide_ Ihre _in + voce_), which, if the last letter be pronounced gutturally, is + precisely the same with _argh_." + +Can any of your readers give a more satisfactory explanation of this +local term? + +T.W. + +Burnley, May 4. 1850. + + +_Burial Service_.--During a conversation on the various sanitary +measures now projecting in the metropolis, and particularly on the +idea lately started of re-introducing the ancient practice of burning +the bodies of the deceased, one of our company remarked that the +words "ashes to ashes," used in our present form of burial, would in +such a case be literally applicable; and a question arose why the +word "ashes" should have been introduced at all, and whether its +introduction might not have been owing to the actual cremation of the +funeral pyre at the burial of Gentile Christians? We were none of us +profound enough to quote or produce any facts from the monuments and +records of the early converts to account for the expression; but I +conceive it probable that a solution could be readily given by some of +your learned correspondents. The burning of the dead does not appear +to be in itself an anti-christian ceremony, nor necessarily connected +with Pagan idolatries, and therefore might have been tolerated in the +case of Gentile believers like any other indifferent usage. + +CINIS. + + +_Gaol Chaplains_.--When were they first appointed? Did the following +advice of Latimer, in a sermon before King Edward, in 1549, take any +effect? + + "Oh, I would ye would resort to prisons! A commendable thing + in a Christian realm: I would wish there were curates of + prisons, that we might say, the 'curate of Newgate, the curate + of the Fleet,' and I would have them waged for their labour. + It is a holiday work to visit the prisoners, for they be kept + from sermons."--Vol. i. p. 180. + +THOS. COX. + + +_Hanging out the Broom_ (Vol. i., p. 385.).--This custom exists in +the West of England, but is oftener talked of than practised. It is +jocularly understood to indicate that the deserted inmate is in want +of a companion, and is really to receive the visits of his friends. +Can it be in any way analogous to the custom of hoisting broom at the +mast-head of a vessel which is to be disposed of? + +S.S.S. + + +_George Lord Goring_, well known in history as Colonel Goring and +General Goring, until the elevation of his father to the earldom +of Norwich, in Nov. 1644, is said by Lodge to have left England +in November, 1645, and after passing some time in France, to have +gone into the Netherlands, where he obtained a commission as +Lieutenant-General in the Spanish army. Lodge adds, upon the authority +of Dugdale, that he closed his singular life in that country, in the +character of a Dominican friar, and his father surviving him, he never +became Earl of Norwich. A recent publication, speaking of Lord Goring, +says he carried his genius, his courage, and his villainy to market on +the Continent, served under Spain, and finally assumed the garb of a +Dominican friar, and died in a convent cell. + +Can any of your readers inform me _when_ and _where_ he died, and +whether any particulars are known respecting him after his retirement +abroad, and when his marriage took place with his wife Lady Lettice +Boyle, daughter of the Earl of Cork, who died in 1643? The confusion +that is made between the father and son is very great. + +G. + + +_Bands_.--What is the origin of the clerical and academical custom +of wearing _bands_? Were they not originally used for the purpose of +preserving the cassock from being soiled by the beard? This is the +only solution that presents itself to my mind. + +OXONIENSIS NONDUM-GRADUATUS. + + * * * * * + + + + +REPLIES. + + +DERIVATION OF "NEWS" AND "NOISE." + +I hasten to repudiate a title to which I have no claim; a compliment +towards the close of the letter of your correspondent "CH." (Vol. i., +p. 487.) being evidently intended for a gentleman whose _christian_ +name, only, _differs_ from mine. The compliment in his case is +well-deserved; and it will not lower him in your correspondent's +opinion, to know that he is not answerable for the sins laid to my +charge. And now for a word in my own behalf. + +Indeed, CH. is rather hard upon me, I must confess. In using the +simple form of assertion as more convenient,--although I intended +thereby merely to express that such was my opinion, and not dreaming +of myself as an authority,--I have undoubtedly erred. In the single +instance in which I used it, instead of saying "it is," I should have +said "I think it is." Throughout the rest of my argument I think the +terms made use of are perfectly allowable as expressions of opinion. +Your correspondent has been good enough to give "the whole" of my +"argument" in recapitulating my "assertions." Singular dogmatism that +in laying down the law should condescend to give reasons for it! On +the other hand, when I turn to the letter of my friendly censor, I +find assertion without argument, which, to my simple apprehension, +is of much nearer kin to dogmatism than is the sin with which I am +charged. + +I cannot help thinking that your correspondent, from his dislike "to +be puzzled on so plain a subject," has a misapprehension as to the +uses of etymology. I, too, am no etymologist; I am a simple inquirer, +anxious for information; frequently, without doubt, "most ignorant" +of what I am "most assured;" yet I feel that to treat the subject +scientifically it is not enough to guess at the origin of a word, not +enough even to know it; that it is important to know not only whence +it came, but how it came, what were its relations, by what road it +travelled; and treated thus, etymology is of importance, as a branch +of a larger science, to the history of the progress of the human race. + +Descending now to particulars, let your correspondent show me how +"news" was made out of "new." I have shown him how _I think_ it was +made; but I am open to conviction. + +I repeat my opinion that "news is a noun singular, and as such must +have been adopted bodily into the language;" and if it were a "noun +of plural form and plural meaning," I still think that the singular +form must have preceded it. The two instances CH. gives, "goods" and +"riches," are more in point than he appears to suppose, although in +support of my argument, and not his. The first is from the Gothic, +and is substantially a word implying "possessions," older than the +oldest European living languages. "Riches" is most unquestionably +in its original acceptation in our language a noun singular, being +identically the French "richesse," in which manner it is spelt in our +early writers. From the form coinciding with that of our plural, it +has acquired also a plural signification. But both words "have been +adopted bodily into the language," and thus strengthen my argument +that the process of manufacture is with us unknown. + +Your correspondent is not quite correct in describing me as putting +forward as instances of the early communication between the English +and the German languages the derivation of "news" from "Neues," and +the similarity between two poems. The first I adduced as an instance +of the importance of the inquiry: with regard to the second, I +admitted all that your correspondent now says; but with the remark, +that the mode of treatment and the measure approaching so near to each +other in England and Germany within one half century (and, I may add, +at no other period in either of the two nations is the same mode or +measure to be found), there was reasonable ground for suspicion +of direct or indirect communication. On this subject I asked for +information. + +In conclusion, I think I observe something of a sarcastic tone in +reference to my "novelty." I shall advocate nothing that I do not +believe to be true, "whether it be old or new;" but I have found that +our authorities are sometimes careless, sometimes unfaithful, and +are so given to run in a groove, that when I am in quest of truth I +generally discard them altogether, and explore, however laboriously, +by myself. + +SAMUEL HICKSON. + +St. John's Wood, May 27. 1850. + + +I do not know the reason for the rule your correspondent Mr. S. +HICKSON lays down, that such a noun as "news" could not be formed +according to English analogy. Why not as well as "goods, the shallows, +blacks, for mourning, greens?" There is no singular to any of these as +nouns. + +_Noise_ is a French word, upon which Menage has an article. There can +be no doubt that he and others whom he quotes are right, that it +is derived from _noxa_ or _noxia_ in Latin, meaning "strife." They +quote:-- + + "Sæpe in conjugiis fit noxia, cum nimia est dos." + +_Ausonius_. + + "In mediam noxiam perfertur." + +_Petronius_. + + "Diligerent alia, et noxas bellumque moverent." + +_Manilius_. + +It is a great pity that we have no book of reference for English +analogy of language. + +C.B. + + +Why should Mr. Hickson (Vol. i., p. 428.) attempt to derive +"news" indirectly from a German adjective, when it is so directly +attributable to an English one; and that too without departing from a +practice almost indigenous in the language? + +Have we not in English many similar adjective substantives? Are we +not continually slipping into our _shorts_, or sporting our _tights_, +or parading our _heavies_, or counter-marching our _lights_, or +commiserating _blacks_, or leaving _whites_ to starve; or calculating +the _odds_, or making _expositions_ for _goods_? + +Oh! but, says Mr. Hickson, "in that case the '_s_' would be the sign +of the plural." Not necessarily so, no more than an "_s_" to "mean" +furnishes a "means" of proving the same thing. But granting that it +were so, what then? The word "news" _is_ undoubtedly plural, and has +been so used from the earliest times; as (in the example I sent for +publication last week, of so early a date as the commencement of Henry +VIII.'s reign) may be seen in "_thies_ new_es_." + +But a flight still more eccentric would be the identification of +"noise" with "news!" "There is no process," Mr. Hickson says, "by +which noise could be manufactured without making a plural noun of it!" + +Is not Mr. Hickson aware that _la noise_ is a French noun-singular +signifying a contention or dispute? and that the same word exists in +the Latin _nisus_, a struggle? + +If mere plausibility be sufficient ground to justify a derivation, +where is there a more plausible one than that "news," _intelligence, +ought_ to be derived from [Greek: nous], _understanding_ or _common +sense_? + +A.E.B. + +Leeds, May 5th. + + +Further evidence (see Vol. i., p. 369.) of the existence and common +use of the word "newes" in its present signification but ancient +orthography anterior to the introduction of newspapers. + +In a letter from the Cardinal of York (Bainbridge) to Henry VIII. +(Rymer's _Foedera_, vol. vi. p. 50.), + + "After that thies Newes afforesaide ware dyvulgate in the + Citie here." + +Dated from Rome, September, 1513. + +The _Newes_ was of the victory just gained by Henry over the French, +commonly known as "The Battle of the Spurs." + +A.E.B. + + * * * * * + +THE DODO QUERIES. + +I beg to thank Mr. S.W. Singer for the further notices he has given +(Vol. i., p. 485.) in connection with this subject. I was well +acquainted with the passage which he quotes from Osorio, a passage +which some writers have very inconsiderately connected with the +Dodo history. In reply to Mr. Singer's Queries, I need only make the +following extract from the _Dodo and its Kindred_, p. 8.:-- + + "The statement that Vasco de Gama, in 1497, discovered, sixty + leagues beyond the Cape of Good Hope, a bay called after San + Blaz, near an island full of birds with wings like bats, which + the sailors called _solitaries_ (De Blainville, _Nouv. Ann. + Mus. Hist. Nat._, and _Penny Cyclopædia_, DODO, p. 47.), is + wholly irrelevant. The birds are evidently penguins, and + their wings were compared to those of bats, from being without + developed feathers. De Gama never went near Mauritius, but + hugged the African coast as far as Melinda, and then crossed + to India, returning by the same route. This small island + inhabited by penguins, near the Cape of Good Hope, has been + gratuitously confounded with Mauritius. Dr. Hamel, in a + memoir in the _Bulletin de la Classe Physico-Mathématique de + l'Académie de St. Petersbourg_, vol. iv. p. 53., has devoted + an unnecessary amount of erudition to the refutation of this + obvious mistake. He shows that the name _solitaires_, as + applied to penguins by De Gama's companions, [I should have + said, 'by later compilers,'] is corrupted from _sotilicairos_, + which appears to be a Hottentot word." + +I may add, that Dr. Hamel shows Osorio's statement to be taken from +Castanheda, who is the earliest authority for the account of De Gama's +voyage. + +H.E. STRICKLAND. + + * * * * * + +BOHN'S EDITION OF MILTON. + +Mr. Editor,--I have just seen an article in your "NOTES AND QUERIES" +referring to my edition of Milton's prose works. It is stated that, in +my latest catalogue, the book is announced as _complete_ in 3 vols., +although the contrary appears to be the case, judging by the way in +which the third volume ends, the absence of an index, &c. + +In reply, I beg to say that the insertion of the word "complete," in +some of my catalogues, has taken place without my privity, and is now +expunged. The fourth volume has long been in preparation, but the +time of its appearance depends on the health and leisure of a prelate, +whose name I have no right to announce. Those gentlemen who have taken +the trouble to make direct inquiries on the subject, have always, I +believe, received an explicit answer. + +HENRY GEORGE BOHN. + +May 30. 1850. + + * * * * * + +UMBRELLAS. + +Although Dr. Rimbault's Query (Vol. i., p. 415.) as to the first +introduction of umbrellas into England, is to a certain extent +answered in the following number (p. 436.) by a quotation from Mr. +Cunningham's _Handbook_, a few additional remarks may, perhaps, be +deemed admissible. Hanway is there stated to have been "the first man +who ventured to walk the streets of London with one over his head," +and that after continuing its use nearly thirty years, he saw them +come into general use. As Hanway died in 1786, we may thus infer that +the introduction of umbrellas may be placed at about 1750. But it is, +I think, probable that their use must have been at least partially +known in London long before that period, judging from the following +extract from Gay's _Trivia, or Art of Walking the Streets of London_, +published 1712:-- + + "Good housewives all the winter's rage despise, + Defended by the ridinghood's disguise; + Or, underneath th' _umbrella's_ oily shade, + Safe through the wet on clinking pattens tread. + Let Persian dames the _umbrella's_ ribs display, + To guard their beauties from the sunny ray; + Or sweating slaves support the shady load, + When Eastern monarchs show their state abroad; + Britain in winter only knows its aid, + To guard from chilly showers the walking maid." + +Book i. lines 209-218. + +That it was, perhaps, an article of curiosity rather than use in the +middle of the seventeenth century, is evident in the fact of its being +mentioned in the "_Musæum Tradescantianum, or Collection of Rarities_, +preserved at South Lambeth near London, by John Tradescant." 12mo. +1656. It occurs under the head of "Utensils," and is simply mentioned +as "_An Umbrella_." + +E.B. PRICE. + + [Mr. St. Croix has also referred Dr. Rimbault to Gay's + _Trivia_.] + + +Jonas Hanway the philanthropist is reputed first to have used an +"umbrella" in England. I am the more inclined to think it may be so, +as my own father, who was born in 1744, and lived to ninety-two years +of age, has told me the same thing, and he lived in the same parish as +Mr. Hanway, who resided in Red Lion Square. + +Mr. Hanway was born in 1712. + +J.W. + + +The introduction of this article of general convenience is attributed, +and I believe accurately so, to Jonas Hanway, the Eastern traveller, +who on his return to his native land rendered himself justly +celebrated by his practical benevolence. In a little book with a +long title, published in 1787, written by "_John Pugh_," I find +many curious anecdotes related of Hanway, and apropos of umbrellas, +in describing his dress Mr. Pugh says,--"When it rained, a small +parapluie defended his face and wig; thus he was always prepared +to enter into any company without impropriety, or the appearance of +neglect. And he (Hanway) was the first man who ventured to walk the +streets of London with an umbrella over his head: after carrying one +near thirty years, he saw them come into general use." Hanway died +1786. + +J.F. + + +As far as I remember, there is a portrait of Hanway with an umbrella +as a frontispiece to the book of Travels published by him about 1753, +in four vols. 4to.; and I have no doubt that he had used one in his +travels through Greece, Turkey, &c. + +T.G.L. + + +In the hall of my father's house, at Stamford in Lincolnshire, +there was, when I was a child, the wreck of a very large green silk +umbrella, apparently of Chinese manufacture, brought by my father from +Holland, somewhere between 1770 and 1780, and as I have often heard, +the first umbrella seen at Stamford. I well remember also an amusing +description given by the late Mr. Warry, so many years consul at +Smyrna, of the astonishment and envy of his mother's neighbours at +Sawbridgeworth, in Herts, where his father had a country-house, when +he ran home and came back with an umbrella, which he had just brought +from Leghorn, to shelter them from a pelting shower which detained +them in the church-porch, after the service, on one summer Sunday. +From Mr. Warry's age at the time he mentioned this, and other +circumstances in his history, I conjecture that it occurred not later +than 1775 or 1776. As Sawbridgeworth is so near London, it is evident +that even there umbrellas were at that time almost unknown. + +If I have "spun too long a yarn," the dates, at least, will not be +unacceptable to others like myself. + +G.C. RENOUARD. + +Swanscombe Rectory, May 1. + + +Dr. Jamieson was the first who introduced umbrellas to Glasgow in the +year 1782; he bought his in Paris. I remember very well when this took +place. At this time the umbrella was made of heavy wax cloth, with +cane ribs, and was a ponderous article. + +R.R. + + * * * * * + +EMANCIPATION OF THE JEWS. + +(VOL. I, PP. 474, 475.) + +From a scarce collection of pamphlets concerning the naturalisation +of the Jews in England, published in 1753, by Dean Tucker and others, +I beg to send the following extracts, which may be of some use in +replying to the inquiry (Vol. i., p. 401.) respecting the Jews during +the Commonwealth. + +Dean Tucker, in his _Second Letter to a Friend concerning +Naturalisation_, says (p. 29.):-- + + "The Jews having departed out of the realm in the year 1290, + or being expelled by the authority of parliament (it matters + not which), made no efforts to return till the Protectorship + of Oliver Cromwell; but this negotiation is known to have + proved unsuccessful. However, the affair was not dropped, for + the next application was to King Charles himself, then in his + exile at Bruges, as appears by a copy of a commission dated + the 24th of September, 1656, granted to Lt.-Gen. Middleton, to + treat with the Jews of Amsterdam:--'That whereas the Lt.-Gen. + had represented to his Majesty their good affection to him, + and disowned the application lately made to Cromwell in their + behalf by some persons of their nation, as absolutely without + their consent, the king empowers the Lt.-Gen. to treat with + them. That if in that conjunction they shall assist his + Majesty by any money, arms, or ammunition, they shall find, + when God should restore him, that he would extend that + protection to them which they could reasonably expect, and + abate that rigour of the law which was against them in his + several dominions, and repay them." + +This paper, Dean Tucker says, was found among the original papers of +Sir Edward Nicholas, Secretary of State to King Charles I. and II., +and was communicated to him by a learned and worthy friend. The Dean +goes on to remark, that the restoration of the royal family of the +Stuarts was attended with the return of the Jews into Great Britain; +and that Lord Chancellor Clarendon granted to many of them letters of +denization under the great seal. + +From another pamphlet in the same collection, entitled, _An Answer +to a Pamphlet entitled Considerations on the Bill to permit Persons +professing the Jewish Religion to be naturalized_, the following, is +an extract:-- + + "There is a curious anecdote of this affair," (about the Jews + thinking Oliver Cromwell to be the Messiah,) "in Raguenet's + _Histoire d'Oliver Cromwell_, which I will give the reader + at length. About the time Rabbi Manasseh Ben Israel came to + England to solicit the Jews' admission, the Asiatic Jews sent + hither the noted Rabbi Jacob Ben Azahel, with several others + of his nation, to make private inquiry whether Cromwell was + not that Messiah, whom they had so long expected. (Page 33.--I + leave the reader to judge what an accomplished villain he will + then be.) Which deputies upon their arrival pretending other + business, were several times indulging the favour of a private + audience from him, and at one of them proposed buying Hebrew + books and MSS. belonging to the University of _Cambridge_[4], + in order to have an opportunity, under pretence of viewing + them, to inquire amongst his relations, in Huntingdonshire, + where he was born, whether any of his ancestors could be + proved of Jewish extract. This project of theirs was very + readily agreed to (the University at that time being under a + cloud, on account of their former loyalty to the King), and + accordingly the ambassadors set forwards upon their journey. + But discovering by their much longer continuance at Huntingdon + than at Cambridge, that their business at the last place was + not such as was pretended, and by not making their enquiries + into Oliver's pedigree with that caution and secresy which was + necessary in such an affair, the true purpose of their errand + into England became quickly known at London, and was very much + talked of, which causing great scandal among the _Saints_, he + was forced suddenly to pack them out of the kingdom, without + granting any of their requests." + +J.M. + +[Footnote 4: Query: May not this be another version of the same story, +quoted by your correspondent, B.A., of Christ Church, Oxford, from +Monteith, (in Vol. i. p. 475.), of the Jews desiring to buy the +Library of _Oxford_?] + + * * * * * + + + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + + +_Wellington, Wyrwast, and Cokam_ (Vol. i., p. 401.).--The garrison in +Wellington was, no doubt, at the large house built by Sir John Topham +in that town, where the rebels, who had gained possession of it by +stratagem, held out for some time against the king's forces under +Sir Richard Grenville. The house, though of great strength, was much +damaged on that occasion, and shortly fell into ruin. Cokam probably +designates Colcombe Castle, a mansion of the Courtenays, near Colyton, +in Devonshire, which was occupied by a detachment of the king's troops +under Prince Maurice in 1644, but soon after fell into the hands of +the rebels. It is now in a state of ruin, but is in part occupied as a +farm-house. I am at a loss for _Wyrwast_, and should doubt the reading +of the MS. + +S.S.S. + + +_Sir William Skipwyth_ (Vol. i., p. 23.).--Mr. Foss will find some +notices of Will. Skipwyth in pp. 83, 84, 85, of _Rotulorum Pat. & +Claus. Cancellariæ Hib. Calendarium_, printed in 1828. + +R.B. + +Trim, May 13. 1850. + + +_Dr. Johnson and Dr. Warton_ (Vol. i., p. 481.).--Mr. Markland is +probably right in his conjecture that Johnson had Warton's lines +in his memory; but the original source of the allusion to _Peru_ is +Boileau: + + "De tous les animaux + De Paris au _Pérou_, du Japon jusqu'à Rome, + Le plus sot animal, à mon avis, c'est l'homme." + +Warton's Poems appeared in March, 1748. Johnson's _Vanity of Human +Wishes_ was published the 9th January, 1749, and was written probably +in December or November preceding. + +C. + + +_Worm of Lambton_ (Vol. i., p. 453.).--See its history and legend in +Surtees' _History of Durham_, vol. ii. p. 173., and a quarto tract +printed by Sir Cuthbert Sharp. + +G. + + +"A.C." is informed that there is an account of this "Worme" in _The +Bishoprick Garland_, published by the late Sir Cuthbert Sharpe in +1834; it is illustrated with a view of the Worm Hill, and a woodcut +of the knight thrusting his sword with great _nonchalance_ down the +throat of the Worme. Only 150 copies of the _Garland_ were printed. + +W.N. + + +_Shakspeare's Will_ (Vol. i., pp. 213, 386, 403, 461, and 469.).--I +fear if I were to adopt Mr. Bolton Corney's _tone_, we should +degenerate into polemics. I will therefore only reply to his +question, "_Have_ I wholly mistaken the whole _affair_?" by one +word, "_Undoubtedly_." The question raised was on an Irish edition of +Malone's _Shakspeare_. Mr. Bolton Corney reproved the querists for not +consulting original sources. It appears that Mr. Bolton Corney had not +himself consulted _the edition_ in question; and by his last letter +I am satisfied that he has not _even yet_ seen it: and it is not +surprising if, in these circumstances, he should have "_mistaken +the whole affair_." But as my last communication (Vol. i., p. 461.) +explains (as I am now satisfied) the blunder and its cause, I may take +my leave of the matter, only requesting Mr. Bolton Corney, if he still +doubts, to follow his own good precept, and look at _the original +edition_. + +C. + + +_Josias Ibach Stada_ (Vol. i., p. 452.).--In reply to G.E.N., I would +ask, is Mr. Hewitt correct in calling him Stada, an Italian artist? +I have no hesitation in saying that Stada here is no personal +appellation at all, but the name of a town. The inscription "_Fudit +Josias Ibach Stada Bremensis_" is to be read, Cast by Josias Ibach, +_of the town of Stada, in the duchy of Bremen_. All your readers, +particularly mercantile, will know the place well enough from the +discussions raised by Mr. Hutt, member for Gateshead, in the House +of Commons, on the oppressive duties levied there on all vessels and +their cargoes sailing past it up the Elbe; and to the year 1150 it was +the capital of an independent graffschaft, when it lapsed to Henry the +Lion. + +WILLIAM BELL. + + +_The Temple, or A Temple._--I have had an opportunity of seeing the +edition of Chaucer referred to by your correspondent P.H.F. (Vol. +i., p. 420.), and likewise several other black-letter editions (1523, +1561, 1587, 1598, 1602), and find that they all agree in reading "the +temple," which Caxton's edition also adopts. The general reading of +"temple" in the _modern_ editions, naturally induced me to suspect +that Tyrwhitt had made the alteration on the authority of the +manuscripts of the poem. Of these there are no less than ten in the +British Museum, all of which have been kindly examined for me. One +of these wants the prologue, and another that part of it in which the +line occurs; but in _seven_ of the remaining eight, the reading is-- + + "A gentil maunciple was ther of _a_ temple;" + +while _one_ only reads "the temple." The question, therefore, is +involved in the same doubt which I at first stated; for the subsequent +lines quoted by P.H.F. prove nothing more than that the person +described was a manciple in _some_ place of legal resort, which was +not disputed. + +EDWARD FOSS. + + +_Bawn_ (Vol. i., p. 440.).--If your Querist regarding a "Bawn" will +look into Macnevin's _Confiscation of Ulster_ (Duffy: Dublin, 1846, +p. 171. &c.), he will find that a Bawn must have been a sort of +court-yard, which might be used on emergency as a fortification +for defence. They were constructed either of _lime_ and _stone_, of +_stone_ and _clay_, or of _sods_, and twelve to fourteen feet high, +and sometimes inclosing a dwelling-house, and with the addition of +"flankers." + +W.C. TREVELYAN. + + +"_Heigh ho! says Rowley_" (Vol. i., p. 458.).--The burden of "_Heigh +ho! says Rowley_" is certainly _older_ than R.S.S. conjectures; I will +not say how much, but it occurs in a _jeu d'esprit_ of 1809, on the +installation of Lord Grenville, as Chancellor, at Oxford, as will be +shown by a stanza cited from memory:-- + + "Mr. Chinnery then, an M.A. of great parts, + Sang the praises of Chancellor Grenville. + Oh! he pleased all the ladies and tickled their hearts; + But, then, we all know he's a Master of Arts, + With his rowly powly, + Gammon and spinach, + Heigh ho! says Rowley." + +CHETHAMENSIS. + +Wimpole Street, May 11. 1850. + + +_Arabic Numerals_.--As your correspondent E.V. (Vol. i., p. 230.) +is desirous of obtaining any instance of Arabic numerals of early +occurrence, I would refer him, for one at least, to _Notices of the +Castle and Priory of Castleacre_, by the Rev. J.H. Bloom: London; +Richardson, 23. Cornhill, 1843. In this work it appears that by the +acumen of Dr. Murray, Bishop of Rochester, the date 1084 was found +impressed in the plaster of the wall of the priory in the following, +form:-- + + 1 + 4 × 8 + 0 + +The writer then goes on to show, that this was the regular order of +the letters to one crossing himself after the Romish fashion. + +E.S.T. + + +_Pusan_ (Vol. i., p. 440.)--May not the meaning be a collar in the +form of a serpent? In the old Roman de Blanchardin is this line:-- + + "Cy guer _pison_ tuit Apolin." + +Can _Iklynton_ again be the place where such an ornament was made? +Ickleton, in Cambridgeshire, appears to have been of some note in +former days, as, according to Lewis's _Topog. Hist._, a nunnery was +founded there by Henry II., and a market together with a fair granted +by Henry III. As it is only five miles from Linton, it may have +formerly borne the name of Ick-linton. + +C.I.R. + + +"_I'd preach as though_" (Vol. i., p. 415.).--The lines quoted by +Henry Martyn are said by Dr. Jenkyn (Introduction to a little vol. +of selections from Baxter--Nelson's _Puritan Divines_) to be Baxter's +"own immortal lines." Dr. J. quotes them thus:-- + + "I preached as never sure to preach again, + And as a dying man to dying men." + +ED. S. JACKSON. + + +May 18. + +"_Fools rush in_" (Vol. i., p. 348.).--The line in Pope, + + "For fools rush in where angels fear to tread," + +it has been long ago pointed out, is founded upon that of Shakspeare, + + "For wrens make wing where eagles dare not perch." + +I know not why that line of Pope is in your correspondent's list. It +is not a proverb. + +C.B. + + +_Allusion in Friar Brackley's Sermon_ (Vol. i., p. 351.)--It seems +vain to inquire who the persons were of whom stories were told in +medieval books, as if they were really historical. See the _Gesta +Romanorum_, for instance: or consider who the Greek king Aulix was, +having dealings with the king of Syria, in the 7th Story of the +_Novelle Antiche_. The passage in the sermon about a Greek king, seems +plainly to be still part of the extract from the _Liber Decalogorum_, +being in Latin. This book was perhaps the _Dialogi decem_, put into +print at Cologne in 1472: Brunet. + +C.B. + + +_Earwig_ (Vol. i., p. 383.).--This insect is very destructive to the +petals of some kinds of delicate flowers. May it not have acquired the +title of "couchbell" from its habit of couching or concealing itself +for rest at night and security from small birds, of which it is a +favourite food, in the pendent blossoms of bell-shaped flowers? This +habit is often fatal to it in the gardens of cottagers, who entrap it +by means of a lobster's claw suspended on an upright stick. + +S.S.S. + + +_Earwig_ (Vol. i., p. 383.).--In the north of England the earwig is +called _twitchbell_. I know not whether your correspondent is in error +as to its being called in Scotland the "coach-bell." I cannot afford +any explanation to either of these names. + +G. BOUCHIER RICHARDSON. + + +_Sir R. Haigh's Letter-book_ (Vol. i, p. 463.).--This is incorrect; no +such person is known. The baronet intended is _Sir Roger Bradshaigh, +of Haigh_; a very well-known person, whose funeral sermon was +preached by Wroe, the warden of Manchester Collegiate Church, locally +remembered as "silver-mouthed Wroe." + +This name is correctly given in Puttick and Simpson's Catalogue of +a Miscellaneous Sale on April 15, and it is to be _hoped_ that Sir +Roger's collection of letters, ranging from 1662 to 1676, _may have_ +fallen into the hands of the noble earl who represents him, the +present proprietor of Haigh. + +CHETHAMENSIS. + + +_Marescautia_ (Vol. i., p. 94.).--Your correspondent requests +some information as to the meaning of the word "marescautia." +_Mareschaucie_, in old French, means a stable. Pasquier (_Recherches +de la France_, l. viii. ch. 2.) says,-- + + "Pausanias disoit que Mark apud Celtas signifioit un cheual + ... je vous diray qu'en ancien langage allemant Mark se + prenoit pour un cheual." + +In ch. 54. he refers to another etymolygy of "maréchal," from +"maire," or "maistre," and "cheval," "comme si on les eust voulu dire +maistre de la cheualerie." "Maréchal" still signifies "a farrier." +_Maréchaussée_ was the term applied down to the Revolution to the +jurisdiction of Nosseigneurs les Maréchaux de France, whose orders +were enforced by a company of horse that patrolled the _high_ways, +la _chaussée_, generally raised above the level of the surrounding +country. Froissart applies the term to the Marshalsea prison in +London. In D.S.'s first entry there may, perhaps, be some allusion +to another meaning of the word, namely, that of "_march_, limit, +boundary." + +What the nature of the tenure per serjentiam marescautiæ may be I am +not prepared to say. May it not have had some reference to the support +of the royal stud? + +J.B.D. + + +_Memoirs of an American Lady_ (Vol. i., p. 335.).--If this work cannot +now be got it is a great pity,--it ought to go down to posterity; a +more valuable or interesting account of a particular state of society +now quite extinct, can hardly be found. Instead of saying that "it is +the work of Mrs. Grant, the author of this and that," I should say of +her other books that they were written by the author of the _Memoirs +of an American Lady_. The character of the individual lady, her way +of keeping house on a large scale, the state of the domestic slaves, +threatened, as the only known punishment and most terrible to them, +with being sold to Jamaica; the customs of the young men at Albany, +their adventurous outset in life, their practice of robbing one +another in joke (like a curious story at Venice, in the story-book +called _Il Peccarone_, and having some connection with the stories of +the Spartan and Circassian youth), with much of natural scenery, are +told without pretension of style; but unluckily there is too much +interspersed relating to the author herself, then quite young. + +C.B. + + +_Poem by Sir E. Dyer_ (Vol. i., p. 355.).--"My mind to me," &c. +Neither the births of Breton nor Sir Edward Dyer seem to be known; +nor, consequently, how much older the one was than the other. Mr. S., +I conclude, could not mean much older than Breton's tract, mentioned +in Vol. i., p. 302. The poem is not in England's _Helicon_. The +ballad, as in Percy, has four stanzas more than the present copy, and +one stanza less. Some of the readings in Percy are better, that is, +more probable than the new ones. + + "I see how plenty _surfeits_ oft."--_P._ + suffers.--_Var._ + + "I grudge not at another's _gain_".--_P._ + pain.--_Var._ + + "No worldly _wave_ my mind can toss."--_P._ + wants.--_Var._ + +These seem to me to be stupid mistranscriptions. + + "I brook that is another's pain."--_P._ + "My state at one doth still remain."--_Var._ + +Probably altered on account of the slight obscurity; and possibly a +different edition by the author himself. + + "They beg, I give, + They lack, I _lend_."--_P._ + leave.--_Var._ + +In this verse, + + "I fear no foe, I _scorn_ no friend."--_P._ + fawn.--_Var._ + +I think the new copy better. + + "To none of these I yield as thrall, + For why my mind _despiseth_ all."--_P._ + doth serve for.--_Var._ + +The var. much better. + +In this-- + + "I never seek by bribes to please, + Nor by _dessert_ to give offence."--_P._ + deceit.--_Var._ + +I cannot understand either. + +So very beautiful and popular a song it would be well worth getting in +the true version. + +C.B. + + +_Monumental Brasses_.--In reply to S.S.S. (Vol. i., p. 405.), I beg to +inform him that the "small dog with a collar and bells" is a device of +very common occurrence on brasses of the fifteenth and latter part of +the fourteenth centuries. The Rev. C. Boutell's _Monumental Brasses of +England_ contains engravings of no less than twenty-three on which it +is to be found; as well as two examples without the usual appendages +of collar, &c. In addition to these, the same work contains etchings +of the following brasses:--Gunby, Lincoln., two dogs with plain +collars at the bottom of the lady's mantle, 1405. Dartmouth, Devon., +1403. Each of the ladies here depicted has two dogs with collars and +bells at her feet. + +The same peculiarities are exemplified on brasses at Harpham, York., +1420; and Spilsby, Lincoln., 1391. I will not further multiply +instances, as my own collection of rubbings would enable me to do. I +should, however, observe, that the hypothesis of S.S.S. (as to "these +figures" being "the private mark of the artist") is untenable: since +the twenty-three examples above alluded to are scattered over sixteen +different counties, as distant from each other as Yorkshire and +Sussex. Two examples are well known, in which the dog so represented +was a favourite animal:--Deerhurst, Gloc., 1400, with the name, +"Terri," inscribed; and Ingham, Norfolk, 1438, with the name "Jakke." +This latter brass is now lost, but an impression is preserved in the +British Museum. The customary explanation seems to me sufficient: that +the dog was intended to symbolise the fidelity and attachment of the +lady to her lord and master, as the lion at _his_ feet represented his +courage and noble qualities. + +W. SPARROW SIMPSON. + +Queen's College, Cambridge, April 22. 1850. + + +_Fenkle Street_.--A street so called in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, lying in +a part of the town formerly much occupied by garden ground, and _in +the immediate vicinity of the house of the Dominican Friars there_. +Also, a way or passage inside the town wall, and leading between that +fortification and the _house of the Carmelites or White Friars_, was +anciently called by the same name. The name of _Fenkle_ or _Finkle +Street_ occurs in several old towns in the North, as Alnwick, +Richmond, York, Kendal, &c. _Fenol_ and _finugl_, as also _finul_, are +Saxon words for _fennel_; which, it is very probable, has in some way +or other given rise to this name. May not the _monastic institutions_ +have used fennel extensively in their culinary preparations, and thus +planted it in so great quantities as to have induced the naming of +localities therefrom? I remember a portion of the ramparts of the +town used to be called _Wormwood Hill_, from a like circumstance. In +Hawkesworth's _Voyages_, ii. 8., I find it stated that the town of +Funchala, on the island of Madeira, derives its name from _Funcko_, +the Portuguese name for _fennel_, which grows in great plenty upon the +neighbouring rocks. The priory of Finchale (from _Finkel_), upon the +Wear, probably has a similar origin; _sed qu._ + +G. BOUCHIER RICHARDSON. + +Newcastle-upon-Tyne, May 12. 1850. + + +_Christian Captives_ (Vol. i., p. 441.)--In reply to your +correspondent R.W.B., I find in the papers published by the Norfolk +and Norwich Archæological Society, vol. i. p. 98., the following +entries extracted from the Parish Registers of Great Dunham, +Norfolk:-- + + "December, 1670. + £ s. d. +Collected for the redemption of y'e English + Captives out of Turkish bondage 04 05 06 + +Feb. 13. p'd the same to M'r. Swift, Minister + of Milcham, by the Bhps appointm't. + + October, 1680. +Collected towards the redemption of English + Captives out of their slavery and + bondage in Algiers 3 16 0 + +Which sum was sent to Mr. Nicholas Browne, Registrar under Dr. +Connant, Archdeacon of Norwich, Octr. 2d. 1680." + +Probably similar entries will be found in other registers of the same +date, as the collections appear to have been made by special mandate, +and paid into the hands of the proper authorities. + +E.S.T. + + +_Passage in Gibbon_ (Vol. i., p. 348.).--The passage in Gibbon I +should have thought was well known to be taken from what Clarendon +says of Hampden, and which Lord Nugent says in his preface to +_Hampden's Life_ had before been said of Cinna. Gibbon must either +have meant to put inverted commas, or at least to have intended to +take nobody in. + +C.B. + + +_Borrowed Thoughts_ (Vol. i., p. 482.)--_La fameuse_ La Galisse is an +error. The French pleasantly records the exploits of the celebrated +_Monsieur_ de la Galisse. Many of Goldsmith's lighter poems are +borrowed from the French. + +C. + + +_Sapcote Motto_ (Vol. i., pp. 366. and 476.).--Taking for granted that +solutions of the "Sapcote Motto" are scarce, I send you what seems to +me something nearer the truth than the arbitrary and unsatisfactory +translation of T.C. (Vol. i, p. 476.). + +The motto stands thus:-- + + "sco toot × vinic [or umic] + × poncs." + +Adopting T.C.'s suggestion that the initial and final _s_ are mere +flourishes (though that makes little difference), and also his +supposition that _c_ may have been used for _s_, and as I fancy, not +unreasonably conjecturing that the × is intended for _dis_, which +is something like the pronunciation of the numeral X, we may then +take the _entire_ motto, without garbling it, and have sounds +representing _que toute disunis dispenses_; which, grammatically and +orthographically corrected, would read literally "all disunions cost," +or "destroy," the equivalent of our "Union is strength." The motto, +with the arms, three dove-cotes, is admirably suggestive of family +union. + +W.C. + + +_Lines attributed to Lord Palmerston_ (Vol. i., p. 382.).--These lines +have also been attributed to Mason. + +S.S.S. + + +_Shipster_ (Vol. i., p. 339.).--That "ster" is a feminine termination +is the notion of Tyrwhitt in a note upon Hoppesteris in a passage of +Chaucer (_Knight's Tale_, l. 2019.); but to ignorant persons it seems +not very probable. "Maltster," surely, is not feminine, still less +"whipster;" "dempster," Scotch, is a judge. Sempstress has another +termination on purpose to make it feminine. + +I wish we had a dictionary, like that of Hoogeven for Greek, arranging +words according to their terminations. + +C.B. + + * * * * * + + + +MISCELLANIES. + + +_Blue Boar Inn, Holborn_.--The reviewer in the last "Quarterly" of Mr. +Cunningham's _Handbook for London_, makes an error in reference to the +extract from Morrice's _Life of Lord Orrery_, given by Mr. Cunningham +under the head of "Blue Boar Inn, Holborn," and transcribed by the +reviewer (_Qu. Rev._ vol. lxxxvi., p. 474.). Morrice, Lord Orrery's +biographer, relates a story which he says Lord Orrery had told him, +that he had been told by Cromwell and Ireton of their intercepting a +letter from Charles I. to his wife, which was sewn up in the skirt +of a saddle. The story may or may not be true; this authority for it +is not first-rate. The Quarterly reviewer, in transcribing from Mr. +Cunningham's book the passage in Morrice's _Life of Lord Orrery_, +introduces it by saying,--"Cromwell, in a letter to Lord Broghill, +narrates circumstantially how he and Ireton intercept, &c." This is +a mistake; there is no letter from Cromwell to Lord Broghill on the +subject. (Lord Broghill was Earl of Orrery after the Restoration.) +Such a letter would be excellent authority for the story. The mistake, +which is the Quarterly reviewer's, and not Mr. Cunningham's, is of +some importance. + +C.H. + + +_Lady Morgan and Curry_.--An anecdote in the last number of the +_Quarterly Review_, p. 477., "this is the first set down you have +given me to-day," reminds me of an incident in Dublin society +some quarter of a century ago or more. The good-humoured and +accomplished--Curry (shame to me to have forgotten his christened name +for the moment!) had been engaged in a contest of wit with Lady Morgan +and another female _célébrité_, in which Curry had rather the worst +of it. It was the fashion then for ladies to wear very short sleeves; +and Lady Morgan, albeit not a young woman, with true provincial +exaggeration, wore none, a mere strap over her shoulders. Curry was +walking away from her little coterie, when she called out, "Ah! come +back Mr. Curry, and acknowledge that you are fairly beaten." "At any +rate," said he, turning round, "I have this consolation, you can't +laugh at me in your sleeve!" + +SCOTUS. + + +_Sir Walter Scott and Erasmus_.--Has it yet been noticed that the +picture of German manners in the middle ages given by Sir W. Scott, in +his _Anne of Geierstein_ (chap. xix.), is taken (in some parts almost +verbally) from Erasmus' dialogue, _Diversoria_? Although Sir Walter +mentions Erasmus at the beginning of the chapter, he is totally silent +as to any hints he may have got from him; neither do the notes to my +copy of his works at all allude to this circumstance. + +W.G.S. + + +_Parallel Passages_.--A correspondent in Vol. i., p. 330, quoted some +parallels to a passage in Shakspeare's _Julius Cæsar_. Will you allow +me to add another, I think even more striking than those he cited. The +full passage in Shakspeare is, + + "There is a tide in the affairs of man, + Which taken at the flood leads on to fortune. + Omitted, all the voyage of their lives + Is bound in shallows and in miseries." + +In Bacon's _Advancement of Learning_, book 2, occurs the following:-- + + "In the third place, I set down reputation because of the + peremptory tides and currents it hath, which, if they be not + taken in due time, are seldom recovered, it being extreme hard + to play an after game of reputation." + +E.L.N. + + +_Gray's Ode_.--In return for the information about Gray's _Ode_, I +send an entertaining and very characteristic circumstance told in Mrs. +Bigg's (anonymous) _Residence in France_ (edited by Gifford):-- + + "She had a copy of Gray when she was arrested in the Reign + of Terror. The Jacobins who searched her goods lighted on the + line-- + + 'Oh, tu severi religio loci,' + + and said, 'Apparemment ce livre est quelque chose de + fanatique.'" + +My informant tells me that the monk he saw was the same as the one +mentioned by your correspondent, and that he had a motto from Lord +Bacon over his cell. + +C.B. + + +_The Grand Style_.--Is it not extremely probable that Bonaparte +plagiarised the idea of the centuries observing the French army from +the pyramids from these lines of Lucan?-- + + "_Sæcula_ Romanos nunquam tacitura labore, _Attendunt, + oevumque sequens speculatur_ ab omni Orbe ratem."--_Phars._ + viii. 622. + +One of the recent French revolutionists (I think Rollin) compared +himself with the victim of Calvary. Even this profane rant is a +plagiarism. Gracchus Baboeuf, who headed the extreme republican party +against the Directory, exclaimed, on his trial, that his wife, and +those of his fellow-conspirators, "should accompany them _even to +Calvary_, because the cause of their punishment should not bring them +to shame."--_Mignet's French Revolution_, chap. xii. + +J.F. BOYES. + + +_Hoppesteris_.--The "shippis _hoppesteris_," in Chaucer's _Knight's +Tale_, 2019., is explained by Tyrwhitt to mean _dancing_, and that in +the feminine--a very odd epithet. He tells us that the corresponding +epithet in Boccaccio is _bellatrici_. I have no doubt that Chaucer +mistook it for _ballatrici_. + +C.B. + + +_Sheridan's Last Residence_ (Vol. i., p. 484.).--I wonder at any doubt +about poor Sheridan's having died in his own house, 17. Saville Row. +His remains, indeed, were removed (I believe for prudential reasons +which I need not specify) to Mr. Peter Moore's, in Great George +Street; but he was never more than a temporary, though frequent +visitor at Mr. Moore's. + +C. + + * * * * * + + + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, ETC. + + +The Devices and Mottoes of the later Middle Ages (_Die Devisen und +Motto des Späteren Mittelalters, von J.V. Radowitz_), just imported +by Messrs. Williams and Norgate, is one of those little volumes which +such of our readers as are interested in the subject to which it +relates should make a note of. They will, in addition to many novel +instances of Devices, Mottoes, Emblems, &c., find much curious +learning upon the subjects, and many useful bibliographical +references. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson still sell, on Saturday next, the very +beautiful collection of Oriental Manuscripts of the late Dr. Scott; +on Monday and Tuesday, his Medical Library; on Wednesday, his +valuable Collection of Music; and on Thursday, his Philosophical and +Mathematical Instruments, Fire-arms, and other miscellaneous objects +of interest. + +We have received the following catalogues:--John Petheram's (94. High +Holborn) Catalogue, Part CXII., No. 6. for 1850 of Old and New Books; +W.S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) Fifty-Seventh +Catalogue of Cheap Second-hand Books, English and Foreign; James +Sage's (4. Newman's Row, Lincoln's Inn Fields) Miscellaneous List of +Valuable and Interesting Books; Edward Stibbs' (331. Strand) Catalogue +of Miscellaneous Collection of Books, comprising Voyages, Travels, +Biography, History, Poetry, Drama, &c. + + * * * * * + + + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + + +INDEX AND TITLE-PAGE TO VOLUME THE FIRST. _The Index is preparing as +rapidly as can be, consistently with fullness and accuracy, and we +hope to have that and the Title page ready by the 15th of the Month._ + +_Covers for the First Volume are preparing, and will be ready for +Subscribers with the Title-Page and Index._ + + * * * * * + + + + +NEW WORKS IN GENERAL LITERATURE. + + * * * * * + +I. + +MEMOIRS OF THE DUKES OF URBINO (1440 to 1630). By JAMES DENNISTOUN, of +Dennistoun. With numerous Portraits, Plates, Facsimiles, and Woodcuts. +3 vols. square crown 8vo. 2l. 8s. + + +II. + +SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY. From "The Spectator". With Notes, &c., by W.H. +WILLIS and Twelve fine Woodcuts from drawings by F. TAYLER. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 32, June 8, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: June 6, 2005 [EBook #15996] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon +Ingram, William Flis, and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page17" id="page17"></a>{17}</span> + + <h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + + <h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, + GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + <hr /> + + <h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle.</span></h3> + <hr class="full" /> + + <table summary="masthead" width="100%"> + <tr> + <td align="left" width="25%"><b>No. 32.</b></td> + <td align="center" width="50%"><b><span class="sc">Saturday, June 8. 1850.</span></b></td> + + <td align="right" width="25%"><b>Price Threepence.<br />Stamped Edition + 4d.</b></td> + </tr> + </table> + <hr class="full" /> + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + +<table summary="" align="center" width="100%"> +<tr><td align="left" colspan="2"><span class="sc">Notes</span>:—</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td> Presence of Strangers in the House of Commons</td><td valign="bottom"> <a href="#page17">17</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td> The Agapemone, by Richard Greene </td><td valign="bottom"> <a href="#page17">17</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td> London Irish Registers, by Robert Cole </td><td> <a href="#page18">18</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td> Folk Lore—Divination by Bible and Key—Charm for Warts—Boy or Girl </td><td valign="bottom"> <a href="#page19">19</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" colspan="2"><span class="sc">Queries</span>:—</td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td> Poet Laureates</td><td valign="bottom"> <a href="#page20">20</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td> Minor Queries:—Wood Paper—Latin Line—New Edition of Milton—Barum + and Sarum—Roman Roads—John Dutton, of Dutton—Rome—Prolocutor of + Convocation—Language of Queen Mary's Days—Vault Interments—Archbishop + Williams' Persecutor, R.K.—The Sun feminine in English—Construe and + translate—Men but Children of a Larger Growth—Clerical Costume—Ergh, + Er, or Argh—Burial Service—Gaol Chaplains—Hanging out the + Broom—George Lord Goring—Bands</td><td valign="bottom"> <a href="#page21">21</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" colspan="2"><span class="sc">Replies</span>:—</td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td> Derivation of "News" and "Noise" by Samuel Hickson</td><td valign="bottom"> <a href="#page23">23</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td> The Dodo Queries, by H.E. Strickland</td><td valign="bottom"> <a href="#page24">24</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td> Bohn's Edition of Milton</td><td> <a href="#page24">24</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td> Umbrellas</td><td> <a href="#page25">25</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td> Emancipation of the Jews</td><td valign="bottom"> <a href="#page25">25</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td> Replies to Minor Queries:—Wellington, Wyrwast and Cokam—Sir William + Skipwyth—Dr. Johnson and Dr. Warton—Worm of Lambton—Shakspeare's + Will—Josias Ibach Stada—The Temple or a Temple—Bawn—"Heigh ho! + says Rowley"—Arabic Numerals—Pusan—"I'd preach as though"—"Fools + rush in"—Allusion in Friar Brackley's Sermon—Earwig—Sir R. Haigh's + Letter-book—Marescautia—Memoirs of an American Lady—Poem by Sir E. + Dyer, &c.</td><td valign="bottom"> <a href="#page26">26</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" colspan="2"><span class="sc">Miscellanies</span>:—</td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td> Blue Boar Inn, Holborn—Lady Morgan and Curry—Sir Walter Scott and + Erasmus—Parallel Passages—Grays Ode—The Grand + Style—Hoppesteris—Sheridan's last Residence</td><td valign="bottom"> <a href="#page30">30</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" colspan="2"><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:—</td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td> Notes on Books, Catalogues, Sales, &c.</td><td valign="bottom"> <a href="#page31">31</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td> Notices to Correspondents</td><td valign="bottom"> <a href="#page31">31</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td> Advertisements</td><td valign="bottom"> <a href="#page32">32</a></td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + + + + +<h2>NOTES.</h2> + + +<h3>PRESENCE OF STRANGERS IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.</h3> + + +<p>In the late debate on Mr. Grantley Berkeley's +motion for a fixed duty on corn, Sir Benjamin +Hall is reported to have imagined the presence of +a stranger to witness the debate, and to have said +that he was imagining what every one knew the +rules of the House rendered an impossibility. It +is strange that so intelligent a member of the +House of Commons should be ignorant of the fact +that the old sessional orders, which absolutely +prohibited the presence of strangers in the House +of Commons, were abandoned in 1845, and that a +standing order now exists in their place which +recognises and regulates their presence. The +insertion of this "note" may prevent many +"queries" in after times, when the sayings and +doings of 1850 have become matters of antiquarian discussion.</p> + +<p>The following standing orders were made by +the House of Commons on the 5th of February, +1845, on the motion of Mr. Christie, (see Hansard, +and Commons' Journals of that day), and superseded +the old sessional orders, which purported +to exclude strangers entirely from the House of Commons:—</p> + +<p>"That the serjeant at arms attending this House do +from time to time take into his custody any stranger +whom he may see, or who may be reported to him to +be, in any part of the House or gallery appropriated to +the members of this House; and also any stranger +who, having been admitted into any other part of the +House or gallery, shall misconduct himself, or shall +not withdraw when strangers are directed to withdraw +while the House, or any committee of the whole House, +is sitting; and that no person so taken into custody +be discharged out of custody without the special order of the House.</p> + +<p>"That no member of this House do presume to +bring any stranger into any part of the House or gallery +appropriated to the members of this House while +the House, or a committee of the whole House, is sitting."</p> + +<p>Now, therefore, strangers are only liable to be +taken into custody if in a part of the House appropriated +to members, or misconducting themselves, +or refusing to withdraw when ordered by +the Speaker to do so; and Sir Benjamin Hall imagined no impossibility.</p> + +<p class="author">CH.</p> + +<hr /> + + +<h3>THE AGAPEMONE.</h3> + + +<p>Like most other things, the "Agapemone" +wickedness, which has recently disgusted all decent +people, does not appear to be a new thing by +any means. The religion-mongers of the nineteenth +century have a precedent nearly 300 years old for this house of evil repute.</p> + +<p>In the reign of Elizabeth, the following proclamation +was issued against "The Sectaries of the Family of Love:"—</p> + +<p>"Whereas, by report of sundry of the Bishops of +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page18" id="page18"></a>{18}</span> +this Realm, and others having care of souls, the Queen's +Majesty is informed, that in sundry places of her said +Realm, in their several Dioceses there are certain +persons which do secretly, in corners, make privy assemblies +of divers simple unlearned people, and after +they have craftily and hypocritically allured them to +esteem them to be more holy and perfect men than +other are, they do then teach them damnable heresies, +directly contrary to divers of the principal Articles of our +Belief and Christian Faith and in some parts so absurd +and fanatical, as by feigning to themselves a monstrous +new kind of speech, never found in the Scriptures, +nor in ancient Father or writer of Christ's Church, by +which they do move ignorant and simple people at the +first rather to marvel at them, than to understand them +but yet to colour their sect withal, they name themselves +to be of the <i>Family of Love</i>, and then as many as +shall be allowed by them to be of that family to be +elect and saved, and all others, of what Church soever +they be, to be rejected and damned. And for that +upon conventing of some of them before the Bishops +and Ordinaries, it is found that the ground of their sect, +is maintained by certain lewd, heretical, and seditious +books first made in the Dutch tongue, and lately translated +into English, and printed beyond the seas, and +secretly brought over into the Realm, the author +whereof they name H.N., without yielding to him, +upon their examination, any other name, in whose +name they have certain books set forth, called <i>Evangelium +Regni, or, A Joyful Message of the Kingdom; +Documental Sentences, The Prophecie of the Spirit of +Love; a Publishing of the Peace upon the Earth</i>, and such like.</p> + +<p>"And considering also it is found, that these Sectaries +hold opinion, that they may before any magistrate, +ecclesiastical or temporal, or any other person not +being professed to be of their sect (which they term +the Family of Love), by oath or otherwise deny any +thing for their advantage, so as though many of them +are well known to be teachers and spreaders abroad of +these dangerous and damnable sects, yet by their own +confession they cannot be condemned, whereby they are +more dangerous in any Christian Realm: Therefore, +her Majesty being very sorry to see so great an evil by +the malice of the Devil, first begun and practised in +other countries, to be now brought into this her +Realm, and that by her Bishops and Ordinaries she +understandeth it very requisite, not only to have these +dangerous Heretics and Sectaries to be severely punished, +but that also all other means be used by her +Majesty's Royal authority, which is given her of God +to defend Christ's Church, to root them out from further +infecting her Realm, she hath thought meet and +convenient, and so by this her Proclamation she willeth +and commandeth, that all her Officers and Ministers +temporal shall, in all their several vocations, assist the +Archbishops and Bishops of her Realm, and all other +persons ecclesiastical, having care of souls, to search +out all persons duly suspected to be either teachers or +professors of the foresaid damnable sects, and by all +good means to proceed severely against them being +found culpable, by order of the Laws either ecclesiastical +or temporal: and that, also, search be made in +all places suspected, for the books and writings maintaining +the said Heresies and Sects, and them to destroy and burn.</p> + +<p>"And wheresoever such Books shall be found after +the publication hereof, in custody of any person, other +than such as the Ordinaries shall permit, to the intent +to peruse the same for confutation thereof, the same +persons to be attached and committed to close prison, +there to remain, or otherwise by Law to be condemned, +until the same shall be purged and cleared of the same +heresies, or shall recant the same, and be thought meet +by the Ordinary of the place to be delivered. And +that whoever in this Realm shall either print, or bring, +or cause to be brought into this Realm, any of the said +Books, the same persons to be attached and committed +to prison, and to receive such bodily punishment and +other mulct as fautors of damnable heresies. And to +the execution hereof, her Majesty chargeth all her +Officers and Ministers, both ecclesiastical and temporal, +to have special regard, as they will answer not +only afore God, whose glory and truth is by these +damnable Sects greatly sought to be defaced, but also +will avoid her Majesty's indignation, which in such +cases as these are, they ought not to escape, if they +shall be found negligent and careless in the execution of their authorities.</p> + +<p>"Given at our Mannour of Richmond, the third of +October, in the two-and-twentieth year of our Reign.</p> + +<p>"God Save The Queen."</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Richard Greene.</span></p> + +<p>Lichfield, May 28. 1850.</p> + +<hr /> + + +<h3>LONDON PARISH REGISTERS.</h3> + +<p>The interleaving, of a little work in my possession, +published by Kearsley in 1787, intitled +<i>Account of the several Wards, Precincts, and +Parishes in the City of London</i>, contains MS. +notes of the commencement of the registers of +fifty of the London parishes, and of four of Southwark, +the annexed list<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> of which may be of use +to some of the readers of "Notes and Queries." +The book formerly belonged to Sir George Nayler, +whose signature it bears on a fly-leaf.</p> + +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page19" id="page19"></a>{19}</span> + +<table summary="churches" align="center" width="100%"> +<tr><td align="left">Allhallows, Barking </td><td align="center">begins</td><td align="center"> 1558</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">————— London Wall </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1567 </td><td align="left" valign="top">[1559 Pop. ret.]</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">————— Lombard Street </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1550</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">————— Staining </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1642</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Andrew Undershaft </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1558</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Antholin </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1538</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Bennet Fink </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1538</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">————— Gracechurch </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1558</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Clement, Eastcheap </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1539</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Dionis Backchurch </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1538</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Dunstan in the East </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1558</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Edmund the King </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1670</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Gabriel, Fenchurch </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1571</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">St. Gregory </td><td align="center" valign="top"> " </td><td align="center" valign="top"> 1539 </td><td align="left" valign="top"> [1559 Pop. ret., + probably an error + of transcriber.]</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. James Garlickhithe </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1535</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. John Baptist </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1682 </td><td align="left" valign="top"> [1538 Pop. ret.]</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Katharine Coleman </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1559</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Lawrence, Jewry </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1538</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">—————— Pountney </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1538</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Leonard, Eastcheap </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1538</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Margaret Lothbury </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1558</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">—————— Pattens </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1653 </td><td align="left" valign="top"> [1559 Pop. ret.]</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Martin Orgars </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1625</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">————— Outwick </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1678 </td><td align="left" valign="top"> [1670 Pop. ret.]</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">————— Vestry </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1671 </td><td align="left" valign="top"> [1668 Pop. ret.]</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Mary, Aldermanbury </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1538</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Mary Magdalene, Old + Fish Street </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1712 </td><td align="left" valign="top"> [1717 Pop. ret.]</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">St. Mary Mounthaw </td><td align="center" valign="top"> " </td><td align="center" valign="top"> 1568 </td><td align="left" valign="top"> [1711 Pop. ret. + A register evidently + lost.]</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">St. Mary Somerset </td><td align="center" valign="top"> " </td><td align="center" valign="top"> 1558 </td><td align="left" valign="top"> [1711 Pop. ret. + A register missing.]</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Mary Woolchurch, and St. + Mary Woolnorth, both in one </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1538</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">St. Michael, Cornhill, </td><td align="center" valign="top">beg.<br /> <i>before</i></td><td align="center" valign="top"> 1546</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">—————— Royal </td><td align="center">begins </td><td align="center"> 1558</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Mildred, Poultry </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1538</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Nicholas Acons </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1539</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">—————— Coleabby </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1695 </td><td align="left" valign="top"> [1538 Pop. ret.]</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">—————— Olave </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1703</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Peter, Cornhill </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1538</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Peter le Poor </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1538 </td><td align="left" valign="top"> [1561 Pop. ret.]</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Stephen, Coleman Street </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1558</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">—————— Walbrook </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1557</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Swithin </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1615 </td><td align="left" valign="top"> [1754 Pop. ret.]</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Andrew, Holborn </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1551 </td><td align="left" valign="top"> [1558 Pop. ret.]</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Bartholomew the Great </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1616</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">——————— the Less </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1547</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Botolph, Aldgate </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1558</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Bride </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1653<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Dunstan in the West </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1554 </td><td align="left" valign="top"> [1558 Pop. ret.]</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">St. Sepulchre </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> 1663</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" colspan="4"> <i>Note</i>.—The register prior burnt at the fire of London.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" colspan="3">St. Olave, Southwark. "Register said by + <i>Bray's Survey</i> to be as early as + 1586. Vide vol. i. 111-607; but on a + search made this day it appears that + the register does not begin till + 1685. Qy. if not a book + lost?—5th Oct. 1829." </td><td align="left" valign="bottom"> [1685 Pop. ret.]</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" colspan="3">St. George, Southwark, beg. abt. 1600</td><td align="left"> [1602 Pop. ret.]</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top" colspan="3">St. Mary Magdalen, Bermondsey, begins + 1548 (Lysons); but from end of 1642 + to 1653 only two entries made; viz. + one in Nov. 1643, and another Aug. + 1645, which finishes the first + volume; and the second volume + begins in 1653.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" colspan="3">St. Saviour, Southwark, begins temp. Eliz.</td><td align="left" valign="top"> [1570 Pop. ret.]</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top" colspan="3">St. Thomas, Southwark, begins 1614.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Rob. Cole.</span></p> + +<hr /> + + +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> + + +<p><i>Divination by Bible and Key</i> seems not merely +confined to this country, but to prevail in Asia. +The following passage from <i>Pérégrinations en +Orient</i>, par Eusèbe de Salle, vol. i. p. 167., Paris, +1840, may throw some additional light on this +superstition. The author is speaking of his sojourn +at Antioch, in the house of the <i>English</i> consul.</p> + +<p>"En rentrant dans le salon, je trouvai Mistriss B. +assise sur son divan, près d'un natif Syrien Chrétien. +Ils tenaient à eux deux une Bible, suspendue à une grosse +clé par un mouchoir fin. Mistriss B. ne se rappelait +pas avoir reçu un bijou qu'un Aleppin affirmait lui +avoir remis. Le Syrien disait une prière, puis prononçait +alternativement les noms de la dame et de l'Aleppin. +La Bible pivota au nom de la dame déclarée par-là en +erreur. Elle se leva à l'instant, et ayant fait des recherches +plus exactes, finit par trouver le bijou."</p> + +<p>I hardly think that this would be an English +superstition transplanted to the East; it is more +probable that it was originally derived frown Syria.</p> + +<p class="author">E.C.</p> + +<p>Newcastle-on-Tyne, May 19. 1850.</p> + + +<p><i>Charm for Warts</i>.—Count most carefully the +number of warts; take a corresponding number of +nodules or knots from the stalks of any of the +<i>cerealia</i> (wheat, oats, barley); wrap these in a +cloth, and deposit the packet in the earth; <i>all the +steps of the operation being done secretly</i>. As the +nodules decay the warts will disappear. Some +artists think it necessary that each wart should be +<i>touched</i> by a separate nodule.</p> + +<p>This practice was very rife in the north of +Scotland some fifty years since, and no doubt is +so still. It was regarded as very effective, and +certainly had plenty of evidence of the <i>post-hoc-ergo-propter-hoc</i> +order in its favour.</p> + +<p>Is this practice prevalent in England?</p> + +<p>It will be remarked that this belongs to the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page20" id="page20"></a>{20}</span> +category of <i>Vicarious Charms</i>, which have in all +times and in all ages, in great things and in small +things, been one of the favourite resources of poor +mortals in their difficulties. Such charms (for all +analogous practices may be so called) are, in point +of fact, <i>sacrifices</i> made on the principle so widely +adopted,—<i>qui facit per alium facit per se</i>. The +common witch-charm of melting an image of wax +stuck full of pins before a slow fire, is a familiar +instance. Everybody knows that the party <i>imaged</i> +by the wax continues to suffer all the tortures of +pin-pricking until he or she finally melts away +(colliquescit), or dies in utter emaciation.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Emdee.</span></p> + + +<p><i>Boy or Girl.</i>—The following mode was adopted +a few years ago in a branch of my family residing +in Denbighshire, with the view of discovering the +sex of an infant previous to its birth. As I do not +remember to have met with it in other localities, +it may, perhaps, be an interesting addition to your +"Folk Lore." An old woman of the village, +strongly attached to the family, asked permission +to use a harmless charm to learn if the expected +infant would be male or female. Accordingly she +joined the servants at their supper, where she +assisted in clearing a shoulder of mutton of every +particle of meat. She then held the blade-bone +to the fire until it was scorched, so as to permit +her to force her thumbs through the thin part. +Through the holes thus made she passed a string, +and having knotted the ends together, she drove +in a nail over the back door and left the house, +giving strict injunctions to the servants to hang +the bone up in that place the last thing at night. +Then they were carefully to observe who should +first enter that door on the following morning, +exclusive of the members of the household, and the +sex of the child would be that of the first comer. +This rather vexed some of the servants, who wished +for a boy, as two or three women came regularly +each morning to the house, and a man was scarcely +ever seen there; but to their delight the first +comer on this occasion proved to be a man, and in +a few weeks the old woman's reputation was established +throughout the neighbourhood by the birth of a boy.</p> + +<p class="author">M.E.F.</p> + +<hr /> + + + + +<h2>Queries.</h2> + + +<h4>POET LAUREATES.</h4> + +<p>Can any of the contributors to your most useful +"NOTES AND QUERIES" favour me with the title +of any work which gives an account of the origin, +office, emoluments, and privileges of Poet Laureate. +Selden, in his <i>Titles of Honour (Works</i>, +vol. iii. p. 451.), shows the Counts Palatine had +the right of conferring the dignity claimed by the +German Emperors. The first payment I am +aware of is to Master Henry de Abrinces, the +<i>Versifier</i> (I suppose Poet Laureate), who received +6<i>d.</i> a day,—4<i>l.</i> 7<i>s.</i>, as will be seen in the <i>Issue Roll</i> +of Thomas de Brantingham, edited by Frederick Devon.</p> + +<p>Warton (<i>History of English Poetry</i>, vol. ii. +p. 129.) gives no further information, and is the +author generally quoted; but the particular matter sought for is wanting.</p> + +<p>The first patent, according to the <i>Encyclopædia +Metropolitana</i>, article "Laureate," is stated, as regards +the existing office, to date from 5th Charles I., +1630; and assigns as the annual gratuity 100<i>l.</i>, +and a tierce of Spanish Canary wine out of the royal cellars.</p> + +<p>Prior to this, the emoluments appear uncertain, +as will be seen by Gifford's statement relative to +the amount paid to B. Jonson, vol. i. cxi.:—</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"Hitherto the Laureateship appears to have been a +mere trifle, adopted at pleasure by those who were employed +to write for the court, but conveying no privileges, +and establishing no claim to a salary." +</p></blockquote> + +<p>I am inclined to doubt the accuracy of the +phrase "employed to write for the court." Certain +it is, the question I now raise was <i>pressed</i> +then, as it was to satisfy Ben Jonson's want of +information Selden wrote on the subject in his <i>Titles of Honour</i>.</p> + +<p>These emoluments, rights, and privileges have +been matters of Laureate dispute, even to the +days of Southey. In volume iv. of his correspondence, +many hints of this will be found; <i>e.g.</i>, +at page 310., with reference to Gifford's statement, and "my proper rights."</p> + +<p>The Abbé Resnel says,—"L'illustre Dryden l'a +porté comme <i>Poète du Roy</i>," which rather reduces its +academic dignity; and adds, "Le Sieur Cyber, comédien +de profession, est actuellement en possession du +titre de Poète Lauréate, et qu'il jouit en même tems +de deux cens livres sterling de pension, à la charge de +présenter tous les ans, deux pièces de vers à la famille royale."</p> + +<p>I am afraid, however, the Abbé drew upon his +imagination for the amount of the salary; and +that he would find the people were never so hostile +to the court as to sanction so heavy an infliction +upon the royal family, as they would have +met with from the quit-rent ode, the peppercorn +of praise paid by Elkanah Settle, Cibber, or H.J. Pye.</p> + +<p>The Abbé, however, is not so amusing in his +mistake (if mistaken) relative to this point, as I +find another foreign author has been upon two +Poet Laureates, Dryden and Settle. Vincenzo +Lancetti, in his <i>Pseudonimia Milano</i>, 1836, tells us:—</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"Anche la durezza di alcuni cognomi ha più volte +consigliato un raddolcimento, che li rendesse più facili +a pronunziarsi. Percio Macloughlin divenne Macklin; +Machloch, Mallet; ed Elkana Settle fu poi —— +John Dryden!" +</p></blockquote> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page21" id="page21"></a>{21}</span> + +<p>—a metamorphose greater, I suspect, than any +to be found in Ovid, and a transmigration of soul +far beyond those imagined by the philosophers of the East.</p> + +<p class="author">S.H.</p> + +<p>Athenæum.</p> + +<hr /> + + + + +<h2>Minor Queries.</h2> + + +<p><i>Wood Paper</i>.—The reprint of the <i>Works of +Bishop Wilkins</i>, London, 1802, 2 vols. 8vo., is said +to be on paper made from wood pulp. It has all +the appearance of it in roughness, thickness, and +very unequal opacity. Any sheet looked at with +a candle behind it is like a firmament scattered +with luminous nebulæ. I can find mention of +straw paper, as patented about the time; but I +should think it almost impossible (knowing how +light the Indian rice paper is) that the heavy +fabric above mentioned should be of straw. Is it +from wood? If so, what is the history of the invention, +and what other works were printed in it?</p> + +<p class="author">M.</p> + + +<p><i>Latin Line</i>.—I should be very much obliged +to anybody who can tell where this line comes from:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>"Exiguum hoc magni pignus amoris habe,"</p> + </div> </div> + +<p>which was engraved on a present from a distinguished +person to a relation of mine, who tried +in several quarters to learn where it came from.</p> + +<p class="author">C.B.</p> + + +<p><i>Milton, New Edition of</i>.—I observe in Mr. +Mayor's communication (Vol. i. p. 427.), that some +one is engaged in editing Milton. May I ask who, +and whether the contemplated edition includes prose and poetry?</p> + +<p class="author">CH.</p> + + +<p><i>Barum and Sarum</i>.—By what theory, rule, or +analogy, if any, can the contractions be accounted +for of two names so dissimilar, into words terminating +so much alike, as those of Salisbury into Sarum—Barnstaple into Barum?</p> + +<p class="author">S.S.S.</p> + + +<p><i>Roman Roads</i>.—Can you inform me in whose +possession is the MS. essay on "Roman Roads," +written by the late Dr. Charles Mason, to which +I find allusion in a MS. letter of Mr. North's?</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Buriensis.</span></p> + + +<p><i>John Dutton, of Dutton</i>.—In the Vagrant Act, +17 George II., c. 5., the heir and assigns of John +Dutton, of Dutton, co. Chester, deceased, Esq., are +exempt from the pains and penalties of vagrancy. +Query—Who was the said John Dutton, and +why was such a boon conferred on his heirs for ever?</p> + +<p class="author">B.</p> + + +<p><i>Rome, Ancient and Modern</i>.—I observed, in a +shop in Rome, in 1847, a large plan of that city, +in which, on the same surface, both ancient and +modern Rome were represented; the shading of +the streets and buildings being such as to distinguish +the one from the other. Thus, in looking at +the modern Forum, you saw, as it were <i>underneath</i> +it, the ancient Forum; and so in the other parts of +the city. Can any of your readers inform me as +to the name of the designer, and where, if at all, +in England, a copy of this plan may be obtained?</p> + +<p>If I remember rightly, the border to the plan +was composed of the Pianta Capitolina, or fragments +of the ancient plan preserved in the Capitol. +In the event of the map above referred to not +being accessible, can I obtain a copy of this latter plan by itself, and how?</p> + +<p class="author">A.B.M.</p> + + +<p><i>Prolocutor of Convocation</i>.—W.D.M. inquires +who was Prolocutor of the Lower House of +Convocation during its session in 1717-18?</p> + + +<p><i>Language of Queen Mary's Days</i>.—In the first +vol. of Evelyn's <i>Diary</i> (the last edition) I find the following notice:—</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"18th, Went to Beverley, a large town with two +churches, St. John's and St. Mary's, not much inferior +to the best of our cathedrals. Here a very old woman +showed us the monuments, and being above 100 years +of age, spake <i>the language of Queen Mary's days</i>, in +whose time she was born; she was widow of a sexton, +who had belonged to the church a hundred years." +</p></blockquote> + +<p>Will any of your readers inform me what was +the language spoken in <i>Queen Mary's</i> days, and +what peculiarity distinguished it from the language used in <i>Evelyn's</i> days?</p> + +<p>A learned author has suggested, that the difference +arose from the slow progress in social improvement in the North of England, caused by the difficulty of communication with the court +and its refinements. I am still anxious to ascertain what the difference was.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Fra. Mewburn.</span></p> + +<p>Darlington.</p> + + +<p><i>Vault Interments</i>.—I shall be very glad of any +information as to the origin and date of the practice +of depositing coffins in vaults, and whether +this custom obtains in any other country than our own.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Walter Lewis.</span></p> + +<p>Edward Street, Portman Square.</p> + + +<p><i>Archbishop Williams' Persecutor, R.K.</i>—Any +information will be thankfully received of the +ancestors, collaterals, or descendants, of the notorious +R.K.—the unprincipled persecutor of +Archbp. Williams, mentioned in Fuller's <i>Church +Hist.</i>, B. xi. cent. 17.; and in Hacket's Life of the +Archbishop (abridgment), p. 190.</p> + +<p class="author">F.K.</p> + + +<p><i>The Sun feminine in English</i>.—It has been +often remarked, that the northern nations made +the sun to be feminine.<a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a> Do any of your readers +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page22" id="page22"></a>{22}</span> +know any instances of the <i>English</i> using this gender +of the sun? I have found the following:—</p> + +<p>"So it will be at that time with the sun; for though +<i>she</i> be the brightest and clearest creature, above all +others, yet, for all that Christ with His glory and +majesty will obscure <i>her."—Latimer's Works</i>, Parker Soc. edit. vol. ii. p. 54.</p> + +<p>"Not that the sun itself, of <i>her</i> substance, shall be +darkened; no, not so; for <i>she</i> shall give <i>her</i> light, but +it shall not be seen for this great light and clearness +wherein our Saviour shall appear."—(Ib. p. 98.)</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Thos. Cox.</span></p> + +<p><i>Construe and translate</i>.—In my school-days, +verbal rendering from Latin or Greek into English +was <i>construing</i>; the same on paper was <i>translating</i>. +Whence this difference of phrase?</p> + +<p class="author">M.</p> + + +<p><i>Men but Children of a larger growth</i>.—Can you +give one the author of the following line?</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>"Men are but children of a larger growth."</p> + </div> </div> + +<p class="author">R.G.</p> + + +<p><i>Clerical Costume</i>.—In the Diary of the Rev. +Giles Moore, rector of Hosted Keynes, in Sussex, +published in the first volume of the Sussex Archæological Collections, there is the following account of his dress:—</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"I went to Lewis and bought 4 yards of broad black +cloth at 16<i>s.</i> the yard, and two yards and 1/2 of scarlet +serge for a waistcoat, 11<i>s.</i> 1<i>d.</i>, and 1/4 of an ounce of +scarlet silke, 1<i>s.</i>" +</p></blockquote> + +<p>and this appears to have been his regular dress. +Will any of your correspondents inform me whether +this scarlet serge waistcoat was commonly worn by +the clergy in those times, namely, in 1671?</p> + +<p class="author">R.W.B.</p> + + +<p><i>Ergh, Er, or Argh</i>.—In Dr. Whitaker's <i>History +of Whalley</i>, p. 37., ed. 1818, are the following observations on the above word:—</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"This is a singular word, which occurs, however +both to the north and south of the Ribble, though +much more frequently to the north. To the south, I +know not that it occurs, but in Angles-ark and Brettargh. +To the north are Battarghes, Ergh-holme, +Stras-ergh, Sir-ergh, Feiz-er, Goosen-ergh. In all the +Teutonic dialects I meet with nothing resembling this +word, <i>excepting the Swedish</i> Arf, <i>terra</i> (<i>vide</i> Ihre <i>in +voce</i>), which, if the last letter be pronounced gutturally, +is precisely the same with <i>argh</i>." +</p></blockquote> + +<p>Can any of your readers give a more satisfactory explanation of this local term?</p> + +<p class="author">T.W.</p> + +<p>Burnley, May 4. 1850.</p> + + +<p><i>Burial Service</i>.—During a conversation on the +various sanitary measures now projecting in the +metropolis, and particularly on the idea lately +started of re-introducing the ancient practice of +burning the bodies of the deceased, one of our +company remarked that the words "ashes to ashes," +used in our present form of burial, would in such +a case be literally applicable; and a question arose +why the word "ashes" should have been introduced +at all, and whether its introduction might +not have been owing to the actual cremation of the +funeral pyre at the burial of Gentile Christians? +We were none of us profound enough to quote or +produce any facts from the monuments and records +of the early converts to account for the expression; +but I conceive it probable that a solution could be +readily given by some of your learned correspondents. +The burning of the dead does not +appear to be in itself an anti-christian ceremony, +nor necessarily connected with Pagan idolatries, +and therefore might have been tolerated in the +case of Gentile believers like any other indifferent usage.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Cinis.</span></p> + + +<p><i>Gaol Chaplains</i>.—When were they first appointed? +Did the following advice of Latimer, +in a sermon before King Edward, in 1549, take any effect?</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"Oh, I would ye would resort to prisons! A commendable +thing in a Christian realm: I would wish +there were curates of prisons, that we might say, the +'curate of Newgate, the curate of the Fleet,' and I +would have them waged for their labour. It is a +holiday work to visit the prisoners, for they be kept from sermons."—Vol. i. p. 180. +</p></blockquote> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Thos. Cox.</span></p> + + +<p><i>Hanging out the Broom</i> (Vol. i., p. 385.).—This +custom exists in the West of England, but is +oftener talked of than practised. It is jocularly +understood to indicate that the deserted inmate is +in want of a companion, and is really to receive the +visits of his friends. Can it be in any way analogous +to the custom of hoisting broom at the +mast-head of a vessel which is to be disposed of?</p> + +<p class="author">S.S.S.</p> + + +<p><i>George Lord Goring</i>, well known in history as +Colonel Goring and General Goring, until the +elevation of his father to the earldom of Norwich, +in Nov. 1644, is said by Lodge to have left England +in November, 1645, and after passing some time +in France, to have gone into the Netherlands, where +he obtained a commission as Lieutenant-General +in the Spanish army. Lodge adds, upon the +authority of Dugdale, that he closed his singular +life in that country, in the character of a Dominican +friar, and his father surviving him, he never +became Earl of Norwich. A recent publication, +speaking of Lord Goring, says he carried his +genius, his courage, and his villainy to market on +the Continent, served under Spain, and finally +assumed the garb of a Dominican friar, and died in a convent cell.</p> + +<p>Can any of your readers inform me <i>when</i> and +<i>where</i> he died, and whether any particulars are +known respecting him after his retirement abroad, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page23" id="page23"></a>{23}</span> +and when his marriage took place with his wife +Lady Lettice Boyle, daughter of the Earl of Cork, +who died in 1643? The confusion that is made +between the father and son is very great.</p> + +<p class="author">G.</p> + + +<p><i>Bands</i>.—What is the origin of the clerical and +academical custom of wearing <i>bands</i>? Were they +not originally used for the purpose of preserving +the cassock from being soiled by the beard? This +is the only solution that presents itself to my mind.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Oxoniensis Nondum-Graduatus.</span></p> + +<hr /> + + + + +<h2>Replies.</h2> + + +<h4>DERIVATION OF "NEWS" AND "NOISE."</h4> + +<p>I hasten to repudiate a title to which I have no +claim; a compliment towards the close of the +letter of your correspondent "CH." (Vol. i., p. 487.) +being evidently intended for a gentleman whose +<i>christian</i> name, only, <i>differs</i> from mine. The compliment +in his case is well-deserved; and it will +not lower him in your correspondent's opinion, to +know that he is not answerable for the sins laid +to my charge. And now for a word in my own behalf.</p> + +<p>Indeed, CH. is rather hard upon me, I must +confess. In using the simple form of assertion as +more convenient,—although I intended thereby +merely to express that such was my opinion, and +not dreaming of myself as an authority,—I have +undoubtedly erred. In the single instance in +which I used it, instead of saying "it is," I should +have said "I think it is." Throughout the rest of +my argument I think the terms made use of are +perfectly allowable as expressions of opinion. +Your correspondent has been good enough to give +"the whole" of my "argument" in recapitulating +my "assertions." Singular dogmatism that in +laying down the law should condescend to give +reasons for it! On the other hand, when I turn to +the letter of my friendly censor, I find assertion +without argument, which, to my simple apprehension, +is of much nearer kin to dogmatism than is the sin with which I am charged.</p> + +<p>I cannot help thinking that your correspondent, +from his dislike "to be puzzled on so plain a subject," +has a misapprehension as to the uses of +etymology. I, too, am no etymologist; I am a +simple inquirer, anxious for information; frequently, +without doubt, "most ignorant" of what +I am "most assured;" yet I feel that to treat the +subject scientifically it is not enough to guess at +the origin of a word, not enough even to know it; +that it is important to know not only whence it +came, but how it came, what were its relations, by +what road it travelled; and treated thus, etymology +is of importance, as a branch of a larger science, +to the history of the progress of the human race.</p> + +<p>Descending now to particulars, let your correspondent +show me how "news" was made out of +"new." I have shown him how <i>I think</i> it was made; but I am open to conviction.</p> + +<p>I repeat my opinion that "news is a noun singular, +and as such must have been adopted bodily +into the language;" and if it were a "noun of +plural form and plural meaning," I still think +that the singular form must have preceded it. +The two instances CH. gives, "goods" and +"riches," are more in point than he appears to +suppose, although in support of my argument, and +not his. The first is from the Gothic, and is substantially +a word implying "possessions," older +than the oldest European living languages. +"Riches" is most unquestionably in its original +acceptation in our language a noun singular, being +identically the French "richesse," in which manner +it is spelt in our early writers. From the form +coinciding with that of our plural, it has acquired +also a plural signification. But both words "have +been adopted bodily into the language," and thus +strengthen my argument that the process of manufacture is with us unknown.</p> + +<p>Your correspondent is not quite correct in describing +me as putting forward as instances of the +early communication between the English and the +German languages the derivation of "news" from +"Neues," and the similarity between two poems. +The first I adduced as an instance of the importance +of the inquiry: with regard to the second, +I admitted all that your correspondent now says; +but with the remark, that the mode of treatment +and the measure approaching so near to each +other in England and Germany within one half +century (and, I may add, at no other period in +either of the two nations is the same mode or +measure to be found), there was reasonable ground +for suspicion of direct or indirect communication. +On this subject I asked for information.</p> + +<p>In conclusion, I think I observe something of a +sarcastic tone in reference to my "novelty." I +shall advocate nothing that I do not believe to be +true, "whether it be old or new;" but I have +found that our authorities are sometimes careless, +sometimes unfaithful, and are so given to run in +a groove, that when I am in quest of truth I +generally discard them altogether, and explore, however laboriously, by myself.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Samuel Hickson.</span></p> + +<p>St. John's Wood, May 27. 1850.</p> + + +<p>I do not know the reason for the rule your +correspondent Mr. S. HICKSON lays down, that +such a noun as "news" could not be formed +according to English analogy. Why not as well +as "goods, the shallows, blacks, for mourning, +greens?" There is no singular to any of these as nouns.</p> + +<p><i>Noise</i> is a French word, upon which Menage +has an article. There can be no doubt that he +and others whom he quotes are right, that it is +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page24" id="page24"></a>{24}</span> +derived from <i>noxa</i> or <i>noxia</i> in Latin, meaning "strife." They quote:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>"Sæpe in conjugiis fit noxia, cum nimia est dos."</p> +<p class="author"><i>Ausonius</i>.</p> + </div> </div> + + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>"In mediam noxiam perfertur."</p> +<p class="author"><i>Petronius</i>.</p> + </div> </div> + + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>"Diligerent alia, et noxas bellumque moverent."</p> +<p class="author"><i>Manilius</i>.</p> + </div> </div> + + +<p>It is a great pity that we have no book of +reference for English analogy of language.</p> + +<p class="author">C.B.</p> + + +<p>Why should Mr. Hickson (Vol. i., p. 428.) +attempt to derive "news" indirectly from a German +adjective, when it is so directly attributable +to an English one; and that too without departing +from a practice almost indigenous in the language?</p> + +<p>Have we not in English many similar adjective +substantives? Are we not continually slipping +into our <i>shorts</i>, or sporting our <i>tights</i>, or parading +our <i>heavies</i>, or counter-marching our <i>lights</i>, or +commiserating <i>blacks</i>, or leaving <i>whites</i> to starve; +or calculating the <i>odds</i>, or making <i>expositions</i> for <i>goods</i>?</p> + +<p>Oh! but, says Mr. Hickson, "in that case +the '<i>s</i>' would be the sign of the plural." Not +necessarily so, no more than an "<i>s</i>" to "mean" +furnishes a "means" of proving the same thing. +But granting that it were so, what then? The +word "news" <i>is</i> undoubtedly plural, and has been +so used from the earliest times; as (in the example +I sent for publication last week, of so early +a date as the commencement of Henry VIII.'s +reign) may be seen in "<i>thies</i> new<i>es</i>."</p> + +<p>But a flight still more eccentric would be the +identification of "noise" with "news!" "There +is no process," Mr. Hickson says, "by which noise +could be manufactured without making a plural noun of it!"</p> + +<p>Is not Mr. Hickson aware that <i>la noise</i> is a +French noun-singular signifying a contention or +dispute? and that the same word exists in the Latin <i>nisus</i>, a struggle?</p> + +<p>If mere plausibility be sufficient ground to justify +a derivation, where is there a more plausible +one than that "news," <i>intelligence, ought</i> to be derived +from νους, <i>understanding</i> or <i>common sense</i>?</p> + +<p class="author">A.E.B.</p> + +<p>Leeds, May 5th.</p> + + +<p>Further evidence (see Vol. i., p. 369.) of the +existence and common use of the word "newes" +in its present signification but ancient orthography +anterior to the introduction of newspapers.</p> + +<p>In a letter from the Cardinal of York (Bainbridge) +to Henry VIII. (Rymer's <i>Fœdera</i>, vol. vi. p. 50.),</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"After that thies Newes afforesaide ware dyvulgate +in the Citie here." +</p></blockquote> + +<p>Dated from Rome, September, 1513.</p> + +<p>The <i>Newes</i> was of the victory just gained by +Henry over the French, commonly known as "The Battle of the Spurs."</p> + +<p class="author">A.E.B.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h4>THE DODO QUERIES.</h4> + +<p>I beg to thank Mr. S.W. Singer for the further +notices he has given (Vol. i., p. 485.) in connection +with this subject. I was well acquainted with +the passage which he quotes from Osorio, a passage +which some writers have very inconsiderately +connected with the Dodo history. In reply to +Mr. Singer's Queries, I need only make the following +extract from the <i>Dodo and its Kindred</i>, p. 8.:—</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"The statement that Vasco de Gama, in 1497, discovered, +sixty leagues beyond the Cape of Good Hope, +a bay called after San Blaz, near an island full of birds +with wings like bats, which the sailors called <i>solitaries</i> +(De Blainville, <i>Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat.</i>, and <i>Penny +Cyclopædia</i>, DODO, p. 47.), is wholly irrelevant. The +birds are evidently penguins, and their wings were +compared to those of bats, from being without developed +feathers. De Gama never went near Mauritius, +but hugged the African coast as far as Melinda, and +then crossed to India, returning by the same route. +This small island inhabited by penguins, near the Cape +of Good Hope, has been gratuitously confounded with +Mauritius. Dr. Hamel, in a memoir in the <i>Bulletin +de la Classe Physico-Mathématique de l'Académie de +St. Petersbourg</i>, vol. iv. p. 53., has devoted an unnecessary +amount of erudition to the refutation of this obvious +mistake. He shows that the name <i>solitaires</i>, as +applied to penguins by De Gama's companions, [I +should have said, 'by later compilers,'] is corrupted +from <i>sotilicairos</i>, which appears to be a Hottentot +word." +</p></blockquote> + +<p>I may add, that Dr. Hamel shows Osorio's statement +to be taken from Castanheda, who is the +earliest authority for the account of De Gama's voyage.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">H.E. Strickland.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h4>BOHN'S EDITION OF MILTON.</h4> + +<p>Mr. Editor,—I have just seen an article in +your "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" referring to my +edition of Milton's prose works. It is stated that, +in my latest catalogue, the book is announced as +<i>complete</i> in 3 vols., although the contrary appears +to be the case, judging by the way in which the +third volume ends, the absence of an index, &c.</p> + +<p>In reply, I beg to say that the insertion of the +word "complete," in some of my catalogues, has +taken place without my privity, and is now expunged. +The fourth volume has long been in +preparation, but the time of its appearance depends +on the health and leisure of a prelate, whose name +I have no right to announce. Those gentlemen +who have taken the trouble to make direct +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page25" id="page25"></a>{25}</span> +inquiries on the subject, have always, I believe, received an explicit answer.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry George Bohn.</span></p> + +<p>May 30. 1850.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h4>UMBRELLAS.</h4> + +<p>Although Dr. Rimbault's Query (Vol. i., p. 415.) +as to the first introduction of umbrellas into +England, is to a certain extent answered in the +following number (p. 436.) by a quotation from +Mr. Cunningham's <i>Handbook</i>, a few additional +remarks may, perhaps, be deemed admissible. +Hanway is there stated to have been "the first +man who ventured to walk the streets of London +with one over his head," and that after continuing +its use nearly thirty years, he saw them come into +general use. As Hanway died in 1786, we may +thus infer that the introduction of umbrellas may +be placed at about 1750. But it is, I think, probable +that their use must have been at least partially +known in London long before that period, +judging from the following extract from Gay's +<i>Trivia, or Art of Walking the Streets of London</i>, published 1712:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>"Good housewives all the winter's rage despise,</p> +<p>Defended by the ridinghood's disguise;</p> +<p>Or, underneath th' <i>umbrella's</i> oily shade,</p> +<p>Safe through the wet on clinking pattens tread.</p> +<p>Let Persian dames the <i>umbrella's</i> ribs display,</p> +<p>To guard their beauties from the sunny ray;</p> +<p>Or sweating slaves support the shady load,</p> +<p>When Eastern monarchs show their state abroad;</p> +<p>Britain in winter only knows its aid,</p> +<p>To guard from chilly showers the walking maid."</p> +<p class="author">Book i. lines 209-218.</p> + </div> </div> + + +<p>That it was, perhaps, an article of curiosity +rather than use in the middle of the seventeenth +century, is evident in the fact of its being mentioned +in the "<i>Musæum Tradescantianum, or Collection +of Rarities</i>, preserved at South Lambeth +near London, by John Tradescant." 12mo. 1656. +It occurs under the head of "Utensils," and is +simply mentioned as "<i>An Umbrella</i>."</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">E.B. Price.</span></p> + +<p class="note"> +[Mr. St. Croix has also referred Dr. Rimbault to Gay's <i>Trivia</i>.] +</p> + + +<p>Jonas Hanway the philanthropist is reputed +first to have used an "umbrella" in England. I +am the more inclined to think it may be so, as my +own father, who was born in 1744, and lived to +ninety-two years of age, has told me the same thing, +and he lived in the same parish as Mr. Hanway, who resided in Red Lion Square.</p> + +<p>Mr. Hanway was born in 1712.</p> + +<p class="author">J.W.</p> + + +<p>The introduction of this article of general convenience +is attributed, and I believe accurately so, +to Jonas Hanway, the Eastern traveller, who on +his return to his native land rendered himself +justly celebrated by his practical benevolence. In +a little book with a long title, published in 1787, +written by "<i>John Pugh</i>," I find many curious +anecdotes related of Hanway, and apropos of umbrellas, +in describing his dress Mr. Pugh says,—"When +it rained, a small parapluie defended his +face and wig; thus he was always prepared to +enter into any company without impropriety, or +the appearance of neglect. And he (Hanway) +was the first man who ventured to walk the streets +of London with an umbrella over his head: after +carrying one near thirty years, he saw them come +into general use." Hanway died 1786.</p> + +<p class="author">J.F.</p> + + +<p>As far as I remember, there is a portrait of +Hanway with an umbrella as a frontispiece to the +book of Travels published by him about 1753, in +four vols. 4to.; and I have no doubt that he had +used one in his travels through Greece, Turkey, &c.</p> + +<p class="author">T.G.L.</p> + + +<p>In the hall of my father's house, at Stamford in +Lincolnshire, there was, when I was a child, the +wreck of a very large green silk umbrella, apparently +of Chinese manufacture, brought by my +father from Holland, somewhere between 1770 +and 1780, and as I have often heard, the first umbrella +seen at Stamford. I well remember also an +amusing description given by the late Mr. Warry, +so many years consul at Smyrna, of the astonishment +and envy of his mother's neighbours at Sawbridgeworth, +in Herts, where his father had a +country-house, when he ran home and came back +with an umbrella, which he had just brought from +Leghorn, to shelter them from a pelting shower +which detained them in the church-porch, after the +service, on one summer Sunday. From Mr. Warry's +age at the time he mentioned this, and other circumstances +in his history, I conjecture that it +occurred not later than 1775 or 1776. As Sawbridgeworth +is so near London, it is evident that +even there umbrellas were at that time almost unknown.</p> + +<p>If I have "spun too long a yarn," the dates, at +least, will not be unacceptable to others like myself.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">G.C. Renouard.</span></p> + +<p>Swanscombe Rectory, May 1.</p> + + +<p>Dr. Jamieson was the first who introduced umbrellas +to Glasgow in the year 1782; he bought +his in Paris. I remember very well when this +took place. At this time the umbrella was made of +heavy wax cloth, with cane ribs, and was a ponderous article.</p> + +<p class="author">R.R.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h4>EMANCIPATION OF THE JEWS.</h4> + +<h4>(Vol. i, pp. 474, 475.)</h4> + +<p>From a scarce collection of pamphlets concerning +the naturalisation of the Jews in England, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page26" id="page26"></a>{26}</span> +published in 1753, by Dean Tucker and others, +I beg to send the following extracts, which may +be of some use in replying to the inquiry (Vol. i., +p. 401.) respecting the Jews during the Commonwealth.</p> + +<p>Dean Tucker, in his <i>Second Letter to a Friend +concerning Naturalisation</i>, says (p. 29.):—</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"The Jews having departed out of the realm in the +year 1290, or being expelled by the authority of parliament +(it matters not which), made no efforts to +return till the Protectorship of Oliver Cromwell; but +this negotiation is known to have proved unsuccessful. +However, the affair was not dropped, for the next application +was to King Charles himself, then in his exile +at Bruges, as appears by a copy of a commission dated +the 24th of September, 1656, granted to Lt.-Gen. Middleton, +to treat with the Jews of Amsterdam:—'That +whereas the Lt.-Gen. had represented to his Majesty +their good affection to him, and disowned the application +lately made to Cromwell in their behalf by some +persons of their nation, as absolutely without their +consent, the king empowers the Lt.-Gen. to treat +with them. That if in that conjunction they shall +assist his Majesty by any money, arms, or ammunition, +they shall find, when God should restore him, that he +would extend that protection to them which they could +reasonably expect, and abate that rigour of the law +which was against them in his several dominions, and repay them." +</p></blockquote> + +<p>This paper, Dean Tucker says, was found +among the original papers of Sir Edward Nicholas, +Secretary of State to King Charles I. and II., and +was communicated to him by a learned and worthy +friend. The Dean goes on to remark, that the +restoration of the royal family of the Stuarts was +attended with the return of the Jews into Great +Britain; and that Lord Chancellor Clarendon +granted to many of them letters of denization under the great seal.</p> + +<p>From another pamphlet in the same collection, +entitled, <i>An Answer to a Pamphlet entitled Considerations +on the Bill to permit Persons professing +the Jewish Religion to be naturalized</i>, the following, is an extract:—</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"There is a curious anecdote of this affair," (about +the Jews thinking Oliver Cromwell to be the Messiah,) +"in Raguenet's <i>Histoire d'Oliver Cromwell</i>, which I +will give the reader at length. About the time Rabbi +Manasseh Ben Israel came to England to solicit the +Jews' admission, the Asiatic Jews sent hither the noted +Rabbi Jacob Ben Azahel, with several others of his +nation, to make private inquiry whether Cromwell was +not that Messiah, whom they had so long expected. +(Page 33.—I leave the reader to judge what an accomplished +villain he will then be.) Which deputies upon +their arrival pretending other business, were several times +indulging the favour of a private audience from him, and +at one of them proposed buying Hebrew books and +MSS. belonging to the University of <i>Cambridge</i><a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a>, in order +to have an opportunity, under pretence of viewing them, +to inquire amongst his relations, in Huntingdonshire, +where he was born, whether any of his ancestors could +be proved of Jewish extract. This project of theirs was +very readily agreed to (the University at that time being +under a cloud, on account of their former loyalty to the +King), and accordingly the ambassadors set forwards +upon their journey. But discovering by their much +longer continuance at Huntingdon than at Cambridge, +that their business at the last place was not such as was +pretended, and by not making their enquiries into +Oliver's pedigree with that caution and secresy which +was necessary in such an affair, the true purpose of +their errand into England became quickly known at +London, and was very much talked of, which causing +great scandal among the <i>Saints</i>, he was forced suddenly +to pack them out of the kingdom, without granting any of their requests." +</p></blockquote> + +<p class="author">J.M.</p> + +<hr /> + + + +<h2>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h2> + + +<p><i>Wellington, Wyrwast, and Cokam</i> (Vol. i., +p. 401.).—The garrison in Wellington was, no +doubt, at the large house built by Sir John Topham +in that town, where the rebels, who had +gained possession of it by stratagem, held out for +some time against the king's forces under Sir +Richard Grenville. The house, though of great +strength, was much damaged on that occasion, and +shortly fell into ruin. Cokam probably designates +Colcombe Castle, a mansion of the Courtenays, +near Colyton, in Devonshire, which was occupied +by a detachment of the king's troops under Prince +Maurice in 1644, but soon after fell into the hands +of the rebels. It is now in a state of ruin, but is +in part occupied as a farm-house. I am at a loss +for <i>Wyrwast</i>, and should doubt the reading of the MS.</p> + +<p class="author">S.S.S.</p> + + +<p><i>Sir William Skipwyth</i> (Vol. i., p. 23.).—Mr. Foss +will find some notices of Will. Skipwyth in pp. 83, +84, 85, of <i>Rotulorum Pat. & Claus. Cancellariæ +Hib. Calendarium</i>, printed in 1828.</p> + +<p class="author">R.B.</p> + +<p>Trim, May 13. 1850.</p> + + +<p><i>Dr. Johnson and Dr. Warton</i> (Vol. i., p. 481.).—Mr. +Markland is probably right in his conjecture +that Johnson had Warton's lines in his memory; +but the original source of the allusion to <i>Peru</i> is Boileau:</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p class="i8">"De tous les animaux</p> +<p>De Paris au _Pérou_, du Japon jusqu'à Rome,</p> +<p>Le plus sot animal, à mon avis, c'est l'homme."</p> + </div> </div> + +<p>Warton's Poems appeared in March, 1748. +Johnson's <i>Vanity of Human Wishes</i> was published +the 9th January, 1749, and was written probably in December or November preceding.</p> + +<p class="author">C.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page27" id="page27"></a>{27}</span> + + +<p><i>Worm of Lambton</i> (Vol. i., p. 453.).—See its +history and legend in Surtees' <i>History of Durham</i>, +vol. ii. p. 173., and a quarto tract printed by Sir Cuthbert Sharp.</p> + +<p class="author">G.</p> + + +<p>"A.C." is informed that there is an account of +this "Worme" in <i>The Bishoprick Garland</i>, published +by the late Sir Cuthbert Sharpe in 1834; +it is illustrated with a view of the Worm Hill, and +a woodcut of the knight thrusting his sword with +great <i>nonchalance</i> down the throat of the Worme. +Only 150 copies of the <i>Garland</i> were printed.</p> + +<p class="author">W.N.</p> + + +<p><i>Shakspeare's Will</i> (Vol. i., pp. 213, 386, 403, +461, and 469.).—I fear if I were to adopt Mr. +Bolton Corney's <i>tone</i>, we should degenerate into +polemics. I will therefore only reply to his question, +"<i>Have</i> I wholly mistaken the whole <i>affair</i>?" +by one word, "<i>Undoubtedly</i>." The question raised +was on an Irish edition of Malone's <i>Shakspeare</i>. +Mr. Bolton Corney reproved the querists for not +consulting original sources. It appears that Mr. +Bolton Corney had not himself consulted <i>the +edition</i> in question; and by his last letter I am +satisfied that he has not <i>even yet</i> seen it: and it is +not surprising if, in these circumstances, he should +have "<i>mistaken the whole affair</i>." But as my last +communication (Vol. i., p. 461.) explains (as I am +now satisfied) the blunder and its cause, I may +take my leave of the matter, only requesting Mr. +Bolton Corney, if he still doubts, to follow his own +good precept, and look at <i>the original edition</i>.</p> + +<p class="author">C.</p> + + +<p><i>Josias Ibach Stada</i> (Vol. i., p. 452.).—In reply +to G.E.N., I would ask, is Mr. Hewitt correct +in calling him Stada, an Italian artist? I have no +hesitation in saying that Stada here is no personal +appellation at all, but the name of a town. The +inscription "<i>Fudit Josias Ibach Stada Bremensis</i>" +is to be read, Cast by Josias Ibach, <i>of the town of +Stada, in the duchy of Bremen</i>. All your readers, +particularly mercantile, will know the place well +enough from the discussions raised by Mr. Hutt, +member for Gateshead, in the House of Commons, +on the oppressive duties levied there on all vessels +and their cargoes sailing past it up the Elbe; and +to the year 1150 it was the capital of an independent +graffschaft, when it lapsed to Henry the Lion.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">William Bell.</span></p> + + +<p><i>The Temple, or A Temple.</i>—I have had an +opportunity of seeing the edition of Chaucer referred +to by your correspondent P.H.F. (Vol. i., +p. 420.), and likewise several other black-letter +editions (1523, 1561, 1587, 1598, 1602), and find +that they all agree in reading "the temple," which +Caxton's edition also adopts. The general reading +of "temple" in the <i>modern</i> editions, naturally +induced me to suspect that Tyrwhitt had made the +alteration on the authority of the manuscripts of +the poem. Of these there are no less than ten in +the British Museum, all of which have been kindly +examined for me. One of these wants the prologue, +and another that part of it in which the line +occurs; but in <i>seven</i> of the remaining eight, the reading is—</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>"A gentil maunciple was ther of <i>a</i> temple;"</p> + </div> </div> + +<p>while <i>one</i> only reads "the temple." The question, +therefore, is involved in the same doubt which I +at first stated; for the subsequent lines quoted by +P.H.F. prove nothing more than that the person +described was a manciple in <i>some</i> place of legal +resort, which was not disputed.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Foss.</span></p> + + +<p><i>Bawn</i> (Vol. i., p. 440.).—If your Querist regarding +a "Bawn" will look into Macnevin's <i>Confiscation +of Ulster</i> (Duffy: Dublin, 1846, p. 171. +&c.), he will find that a Bawn must have been a +sort of court-yard, which might be used on emergency +as a fortification for defence. They were +constructed either of <i>lime</i> and <i>stone</i>, of <i>stone</i> and +<i>clay</i>, or of <i>sods</i>, and twelve to fourteen feet high, +and sometimes inclosing a dwelling-house, and with the addition of "flankers."</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">W.C. Trevelyan.</span></p> + + +<p>"<i>Heigh ho! says Rowley</i>" (Vol. i., p. 458.).—The +burden of "<i>Heigh ho! says Rowley</i>" is +certainly <i>older</i> than R.S.S. conjectures; I +will not say how much, but it occurs in a <i>jeu +d'esprit</i> of 1809, on the installation of Lord Grenville, +as Chancellor, at Oxford, as will be shown by a stanza cited from memory:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>"Mr. Chinnery then, an M.A. of great parts,</p> +<p class="i2">Sang the praises of Chancellor Grenville.</p> +<p>Oh! he pleased all the ladies and tickled their hearts;</p> +<p class="i2">But, then, we all know he's a Master of Arts,</p> +<p class="i8">With his rowly powly,</p> +<p class="i6">Gammon and spinach,</p> +<p class="i8">Heigh ho! says Rowley."</p> + </div> </div> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Chethamensis.</span></p> + +<p>Wimpole Street, May 11. 1850.</p> + + +<p><i>Arabic Numerals</i>.—As your correspondent +E.V. (Vol. i., p. 230.) is desirous of obtaining any +instance of Arabic numerals of early occurrence, +I would refer him, for one at least, to <i>Notices of +the Castle and Priory of Castleacre</i>, by the Rev. +J.H. Bloom: London; Richardson, 23. Cornhill, +1843. In this work it appears that by the acumen +of Dr. Murray, Bishop of Rochester, the date 1084 +was found impressed in the plaster of the wall of +the priory in the following, form:—</p> + +<table summary="figure" align="center"> +<tr><td align="center">1</td></tr> +<tr><td align="center">4 × 8</td></tr> +<tr><td align="center">0</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The writer then goes on to show, that this was +the regular order of the letters to one crossing himself after the Romish fashion.</p> + +<p class="author">E.S.T.</p> + + +<p><i>Pusan</i> (Vol. i., p. 440.)—May not the meaning +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page28" id="page28"></a>{28}</span> +be a collar in the form of a serpent? In the old +Roman de Blanchardin is this line:—</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"Cy guer <i>pison</i> tuit Apolin." +</p></blockquote> + +<p>Can <i>Iklynton</i> again be the place where such an +ornament was made? Ickleton, in Cambridgeshire, +appears to have been of some note in former +days, as, according to Lewis's <i>Topog. Hist.</i>, a nunnery +was founded there by Henry II., and a market +together with a fair granted by Henry III. +As it is only five miles from Linton, it may have +formerly borne the name of Ick-linton.</p> + +<p class="author">C.I.R.</p> + + +<p>"<i>I'd preach as though</i>" (Vol. i., p. 415.).—The +lines quoted by Henry Martyn are said by Dr. +Jenkyn (Introduction to a little vol. of selections +from Baxter—Nelson's <i>Puritan Divines</i>) to be +Baxter's "own immortal lines." Dr. J. quotes them thus:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>"I preached as never sure to preach again,</p> +<p>And as a dying man to dying men."</p> + </div> </div> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Ed. S. Jackson.</span></p> + + +<p>May 18.</p> + +<p>"<i>Fools rush in</i>" (Vol. i., p. 348.).—The line in Pope,</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"For fools rush in where angels fear to tread," +</p></blockquote> + +<p>it has been long ago pointed out, is founded upon that of Shakspeare,</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"For wrens make wing where eagles dare not perch." +</p></blockquote> + +<p>I know not why that line of Pope is in your correspondent's +list. It is not a proverb.</p> + +<p class="author">C.B.</p> + + +<p><i>Allusion in Friar Brackley's Sermon</i> (Vol. i., +p. 351.)—It seems vain to inquire who the persons +were of whom stories were told in medieval +books, as if they were really historical. See +the <i>Gesta Romanorum</i>, for instance: or consider +who the Greek king Aulix was, having dealings +with the king of Syria, in the 7th Story of the +<i>Novelle Antiche</i>. The passage in the sermon about +a Greek king, seems plainly to be still part of the +extract from the <i>Liber Decalogorum</i>, being in +Latin. This book was perhaps the <i>Dialogi +decem</i>, put into print at Cologne in 1472: Brunet.</p> + +<p class="author">C.B.</p> + + +<p><i>Earwig</i> (Vol. i., p. 383.).—This insect is very +destructive to the petals of some kinds of delicate +flowers. May it not have acquired the title of +"couchbell" from its habit of couching or concealing +itself for rest at night and security from small +birds, of which it is a favourite food, in the pendent +blossoms of bell-shaped flowers? This habit is +often fatal to it in the gardens of cottagers, who +entrap it by means of a lobster's claw suspended on an upright stick.</p> + +<p class="author">S.S.S.</p> + + +<p><i>Earwig</i> (Vol. i., p. 383.).—In the north of +England the earwig is called <i>twitchbell</i>. I know +not whether your correspondent is in error as to +its being called in Scotland the "coach-bell." I +cannot afford any explanation to either of these names.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">G. Bouchier Richardson.</span></p> + + +<p><i>Sir R. Haigh's Letter-book</i> (Vol. i, p. 463.).—This +is incorrect; no such person is known. +The baronet intended is <i>Sir Roger Bradshaigh, +of Haigh</i>; a very well-known person, +whose funeral sermon was preached by Wroe, +the warden of Manchester Collegiate Church, +locally remembered as "silver-mouthed Wroe."</p> + +<p>This name is correctly given in Puttick and +Simpson's Catalogue of a Miscellaneous Sale on +April 15, and it is to be <i>hoped</i> that Sir Roger's +collection of letters, ranging from 1662 to 1676, +<i>may have</i> fallen into the hands of the noble earl +who represents him, the present proprietor of Haigh.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Chethamensis.</span></p> + + +<p><i>Marescautia</i> (Vol. i., p. 94.).—Your correspondent +requests some information as to the meaning +of the word "marescautia." <i>Mareschaucie</i>, in old +French, means a stable. Pasquier (<i>Recherches de +la France</i>, l. viii. ch. 2.) says,—</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"Pausanias disoit que Mark apud Celtas signifioit un +cheual ... je vous diray qu'en ancien langage allemant +Mark se prenoit pour un cheual." +</p></blockquote> + +<p>In ch. 54. he refers to another etymolygy of +"maréchal," from "maire," or "maistre," and +"cheval," "comme si on les eust voulu dire maistre +de la cheualerie." "Maréchal" still signifies "a +farrier." <i>Maréchaussée</i> was the term applied +down to the Revolution to the jurisdiction of Nosseigneurs +les Maréchaux de France, whose orders +were enforced by a company of horse that patrolled +the <i>high</i>ways, la <i>chaussée</i>, generally raised +above the level of the surrounding country. +Froissart applies the term to the Marshalsea prison +in London. In D.S.'s first entry there may, +perhaps, be some allusion to another meaning of +the word, namely, that of "<i>march</i>, limit, boundary."</p> + +<p>What the nature of the tenure per serjentiam +marescautiæ may be I am not prepared to say. +May it not have had some reference to the support of the royal stud?</p> + +<p class="author">J.B.D.</p> + + +<p><i>Memoirs of an American Lady</i> (Vol. i., p. 335.).—If +this work cannot now be got it is a great +pity,—it ought to go down to posterity; a more +valuable or interesting account of a particular +state of society now quite extinct, can hardly be +found. Instead of saying that "it is the work of +Mrs. Grant, the author of this and that," I should +say of her other books that they were written by +the author of the <i>Memoirs of an American Lady</i>. +The character of the individual lady, her way of +keeping house on a large scale, the state of the +domestic slaves, threatened, as the only known +punishment and most terrible to them, with being +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page29" id="page29"></a>{29}</span> +sold to Jamaica; the customs of the young men at +Albany, their adventurous outset in life, their +practice of robbing one another in joke (like a +curious story at Venice, in the story-book called +<i>Il Peccarone</i>, and having some connection with +the stories of the Spartan and Circassian youth), +with much of natural scenery, are told without +pretension of style; but unluckily there is too +much interspersed relating to the author herself, then quite young.</p> + +<p class="author">C.B.</p> + + +<p><i>Poem by Sir E. Dyer</i> (Vol. i., p. 355.).—"My +mind to me," &c. Neither the births of Breton +nor Sir Edward Dyer seem to be known; nor, +consequently, how much older the one was than +the other. Mr. S., I conclude, could not mean +much older than Breton's tract, mentioned in +Vol. i., p. 302. The poem is not in England's +<i>Helicon</i>. The ballad, as in Percy, has four stanzas +more than the present copy, and one stanza less. +Some of the readings in Percy are better, that is, more probable than the new ones.</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>"I see how plenty <i>surfeits</i> oft."—<i>P.</i></p> +<p class="i8"> suffers.—<i>Var.</i></p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>"I grudge not at another's <i>gain</i>".—<i>P.</i></p> +<p class="i10"> pain.—<i>Var.</i></p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>"No worldly <i>wave</i> my mind can toss."—<i>P.</i></p> +<p class="i6"> wants.—<i>Var.</i></p> + </div> </div> + +<p>These seem to me to be stupid mistranscriptions.</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>"I brook that is another's pain."—<i>P.</i></p> +<p>"My state at one doth still remain."—<i>Var.</i></p> + </div> </div> + +<p>Probably altered on account of the slight obscurity; +and possibly a different edition by the author himself.</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>"They beg, I give,</p> +<p>They lack, I <i>lend</i>."—<i>P.</i></p> +<p class="i6">leave.—<i>Var.</i></p> + </div> </div> + +<p>In this verse,</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>"I fear no foe, I <i>scorn</i> no friend."—<i>P.</i></p> +<p class="i6">fawn.—<i>Var.</i></p> + </div> </div> + +<p>I think the new copy better.</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>"To none of these I yield as thrall,</p> +<p>For why my mind <i>despiseth</i> all."—<i>P.</i></p> +<p class="i8"> doth serve for.—<i>Var.</i></p> + </div> </div> + +<p>The var. much better.</p> + +<p>In this—</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>"I never seek by bribes to please,</p> +<p>Nor by <i>dessert</i> to give offence."—<i>P.</i></p> +<p class="i4"> deceit.—<i>Var.</i></p> + </div> </div> + +<p>I cannot understand either.</p> + +<p>So very beautiful and popular a song it would +be well worth getting in the true version.</p> + +<p class="author">C.B.</p> + + +<p><i>Monumental Brasses</i>.—In reply to S.S.S. +(Vol. i., p. 405.), I beg to inform him that the +"small dog with a collar and bells" is a device of +very common occurrence on brasses of the fifteenth +and latter part of the fourteenth centuries. The +Rev. C. Boutell's <i>Monumental Brasses of England</i> +contains engravings of no less than twenty-three +on which it is to be found; as well as two examples +without the usual appendages of collar, &c. +In addition to these, the same work contains etchings +of the following brasses:—Gunby, Lincoln., +two dogs with plain collars at the bottom of the +lady's mantle, 1405. Dartmouth, Devon., 1403. +Each of the ladies here depicted has two dogs +with collars and bells at her feet.</p> + +<p>The same peculiarities are exemplified on brasses +at Harpham, York., 1420; and Spilsby, Lincoln., +1391. I will not further multiply instances, as +my own collection of rubbings would enable me to +do. I should, however, observe, that the hypothesis +of S.S.S. (as to "these figures" being +"the private mark of the artist") is untenable: +since the twenty-three examples above alluded to +are scattered over sixteen different counties, as +distant from each other as Yorkshire and Sussex. +Two examples are well known, in which the dog +so represented was a favourite animal:—Deerhurst, +Gloc., 1400, with the name, "Terri," inscribed; +and Ingham, Norfolk, 1438, with the +name "Jakke." This latter brass is now lost, but +an impression is preserved in the British Museum. +The customary explanation seems to me sufficient: +that the dog was intended to symbolise the fidelity +and attachment of the lady to her lord and master, +as the lion at <i>his</i> feet represented his courage and noble qualities.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Sparrow Simpson.</span></p> + +<p>Queen's College, Cambridge, April 22. 1850.</p> + + +<p><i>Fenkle Street</i>.—A street so called in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, +lying in a part of the town formerly +much occupied by garden ground, and <i>in the immediate +vicinity of the house of the Dominican +Friars there</i>. Also, a way or passage inside the +town wall, and leading between that fortification +and the <i>house of the Carmelites or White Friars</i>, +was anciently called by the same name. The +name of <i>Fenkle</i> or <i>Finkle Street</i> occurs in several +old towns in the North, as Alnwick, Richmond, +York, Kendal, &c. <i>Fenol</i> and <i>finugl</i>, as also <i>finul</i>, +are Saxon words for <i>fennel</i>; which, it is very probable, +has in some way or other given rise to this +name. May not the <i>monastic institutions</i> have used +fennel extensively in their culinary preparations, +and thus planted it in so great quantities as to +have induced the naming of localities therefrom? +I remember a portion of the ramparts of the town +used to be called <i>Wormwood Hill</i>, from a like circumstance. +In Hawkesworth's <i>Voyages</i>, ii. 8., I +find it stated that the town of Funchala, on the +island of Madeira, derives its name from <i>Funcko</i>, +the Portuguese name for <i>fennel</i>, which grows in +great plenty upon the neighbouring rocks. The +priory of Finchale (from <i>Finkel</i>), upon the Wear, +probably has a similar origin; <i>sed qu.</i></p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">G. Bouchier Richardson.</span></p> + +<p>Newcastle-upon-Tyne, May 12. 1850.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page30" id="page30"></a>{30}</span> + + +<p><i>Christian Captives</i> (Vol. i., p. 441.)—In reply to +your correspondent R.W.B., I find in the papers +published by the Norfolk and Norwich Archæological +Society, vol. i. p. 98., the following entries +extracted from the Parish Registers of Great Dunham, Norfolk:—</p> + +<table summary="" align="center" width="100%"> +<tr><td colspan="4" align="center">"December, 1670.</td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td> £ </td><td> <i>s.</i></td><td> <i>d.</i></td></tr> +<tr><td>Collected for the redemption of y<sup>e</sup> English + Captives out of Turkish bondage </td><td> 04</td><td> 05</td><td> 06</td></tr> +<tr><td>Feb. 13. p<sup>d</sup> the same to M<sup>r</sup>. Swift, Minister + of Milcham, by the Bhps appointm<sup>t</sup>.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4" align="center">October, 1680.</td></tr> +<tr><td>Collected towards the redemption of English + Captives out of their slavery and + bondage in Algiers </td><td> 3</td><td> 16</td><td> 0 </td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Which sum was sent to Mr. Nicholas Browne, Registrar +under Dr. Connant, Archdeacon of Norwich, +Octr. 2d. 1680."</p> + +<p>Probably similar entries will be found in other +registers of the same date, as the collections appear +to have been made by special mandate, and paid +into the hands of the proper authorities.</p> + +<p class="author">E.S.T.</p> + + +<p><i>Passage in Gibbon</i> (Vol. i., p. 348.).—The +passage in Gibbon I should have thought was +well known to be taken from what Clarendon +says of Hampden, and which Lord Nugent says +in his preface to <i>Hampden's Life</i> had before been +said of Cinna. Gibbon must either have meant to +put inverted commas, or at least to have intended to take nobody in.</p> + +<p class="author">C.B.</p> + + +<p><i>Borrowed Thoughts</i> (Vol. i., p. 482.)—<i>La fameuse</i> +La Galisse is an error. The French pleasantly +records the exploits of the celebrated <i>Monsieur</i> +de la Galisse. Many of Goldsmith's lighter +poems are borrowed from the French.</p> + +<p class="author">C.</p> + + +<p><i>Sapcote Motto</i> (Vol. i., pp. 366. and 476.).—Taking +for granted that solutions of the "Sapcote +Motto" are scarce, I send you what seems to me +something nearer the truth than the arbitrary and +unsatisfactory translation of T.C. (Vol. i, p. 476.).</p> + +<p>The motto stands thus:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>"sco toot × vinic [or umic]</p> +<p class="i4">× poncs."</p> + </div> </div> + +<p>Adopting T.C.'s suggestion that the initial +and final <i>s</i> are mere flourishes (though that makes +little difference), and also his supposition that <i>c</i> +may have been used for <i>s</i>, and as I fancy, not +unreasonably conjecturing that the × is intended +for <i>dis</i>, which is something like the pronunciation +of the numeral X, we may then take the <i>entire</i> +motto, without garbling it, and have sounds representing +<i>que toute disunis dispenses</i>; which, grammatically +and orthographically corrected, would +read literally "all disunions cost," or "destroy," +the equivalent of our "Union is strength." The +motto, with the arms, three dove-cotes, is admirably suggestive of family union.</p> + +<p class="author">W.C.</p> + + +<p><i>Lines attributed to Lord Palmerston</i> (Vol. i., +p. 382.).—These lines have also been attributed to Mason.</p> + +<p class="author">S.S.S.</p> + + +<p><i>Shipster</i> (Vol. i., p. 339.).—That "ster" is a feminine +termination is the notion of Tyrwhitt in a +note upon Hoppesteris in a passage of Chaucer +(<i>Knight's Tale</i>, l. 2019.); but to ignorant persons +it seems not very probable. "Maltster," surely, is +not feminine, still less "whipster;" "dempster," +Scotch, is a judge. Sempstress has another termination +on purpose to make it feminine.</p> + +<p>I wish we had a dictionary, like that of Hoogeven +for Greek, arranging words according to their terminations.</p> + +<p class="author">C.B.</p> + +<hr /> + + + +<h2>Miscellanies.</h2> + + +<p><i>Blue Boar Inn, Holborn</i>.—The reviewer in the +last "Quarterly" of Mr. Cunningham's <i>Handbook +for London</i>, makes an error in reference to the +extract from Morrice's <i>Life of Lord Orrery</i>, given +by Mr. Cunningham under the head of "Blue +Boar Inn, Holborn," and transcribed by the reviewer +(<i>Qu. Rev.</i> vol. lxxxvi., p. 474.). Morrice, +Lord Orrery's biographer, relates a story which he +says Lord Orrery had told him, that he had been +told by Cromwell and Ireton of their intercepting +a letter from Charles I. to his wife, which was sewn +up in the skirt of a saddle. The story may or may +not be true; this authority for it is not first-rate. +The Quarterly reviewer, in transcribing from Mr. +Cunningham's book the passage in Morrice's <i>Life +of Lord Orrery</i>, introduces it by saying,—"Cromwell, +in a letter to Lord Broghill, narrates circumstantially +how he and Ireton intercept, &c." +This is a mistake; there is no letter from Cromwell +to Lord Broghill on the subject. (Lord Broghill +was Earl of Orrery after the Restoration.) Such +a letter would be excellent authority for the story. +The mistake, which is the Quarterly reviewer's, +and not Mr. Cunningham's, is of some importance.</p> + +<p class="author">C.H.</p> + + +<p><i>Lady Morgan and Curry</i>.—An anecdote in the +last number of the <i>Quarterly Review</i>, p. 477., +"this is the first set down you have given me to-day," +reminds me of an incident in Dublin society +some quarter of a century ago or more. The +good-humoured and accomplished—Curry +(shame to me to have forgotten his christened +name for the moment!) had been engaged in a +contest of wit with Lady Morgan and another +female <i>célébrité</i>, in which Curry had rather the +worst of it. It was the fashion then for ladies to +wear very short sleeves; and Lady Morgan, albeit +not a young woman, with true provincial exaggeration, +wore none, a mere strap over her shoulders. +Curry was walking away from her little coterie, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page31" id="page31"></a>{31}</span> +when she called out, "Ah! come back Mr. Curry, +and acknowledge that you are fairly beaten." +"At any rate," said he, turning round, "I have +this consolation, you can't laugh at me in your sleeve!"</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Scotus.</span></p> + + +<p><i>Sir Walter Scott and Erasmus</i>.—Has it yet +been noticed that the picture of German manners +in the middle ages given by Sir W. Scott, in his +<i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (chap. xix.), is taken (in some +parts almost verbally) from Erasmus' dialogue, +<i>Diversoria</i>? Although Sir Walter mentions Erasmus +at the beginning of the chapter, he is totally +silent as to any hints he may have got from him; +neither do the notes to my copy of his works at all allude to this circumstance.</p> + +<p class="author">W.G.S.</p> + + +<p><i>Parallel Passages</i>.—A correspondent in Vol. i., +p. 330, quoted some parallels to a passage in +Shakspeare's <i>Julius Cæsar</i>. Will you allow me +to add another, I think even more striking than +those he cited. The full passage in Shakspeare is,</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>"There is a tide in the affairs of man,</p> +<p>Which taken at the flood leads on to fortune.</p> +<p>Omitted, all the voyage of their lives</p> +<p>Is bound in shallows and in miseries."</p> + </div> </div> + +<p>In Bacon's <i>Advancement of Learning</i>, book 2, occurs the following:—</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"In the third place, I set down reputation because +of the peremptory tides and currents it hath, which, +if they be not taken in due time, are seldom recovered, +it being extreme hard to play an after game of reputation." +</p></blockquote> + +<p class="author">E.L.N.</p> + + +<p><i>Gray's Ode</i>.—In return for the information +about Gray's <i>Ode</i>, I send an entertaining and very +characteristic circumstance told in Mrs. Bigg's +(anonymous) <i>Residence in France</i> (edited by Gifford):—</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"She had a copy of Gray when she was arrested in +the Reign of Terror. The Jacobins who searched her +goods lighted on the line— +</p></blockquote> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p class="i4">'Oh, tu severi religio loci,'</p> + </div> </div> + +<blockquote><p> +and said, 'Apparemment ce livre est quelque chose de +fanatique.'" +</p></blockquote> + +<p>My informant tells me that the monk he saw +was the same as the one mentioned by your correspondent, +and that he had a motto from Lord Bacon over his cell.</p> + +<p class="author">C.B.</p> + + +<p><i>The Grand Style</i>.—Is it not extremely probable +that Bonaparte plagiarised the idea of the centuries +observing the French army from the pyramids from these lines of Lucan?—</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"<i>Sæcula</i> Romanos nunquam tacitura labore, +<i>Attendunt, oevumque sequens speculatur</i> ab omni +Orbe ratem."—<i>Phars.</i> viii. 622. +</p></blockquote> + +<p>One of the recent French revolutionists (I think +Rollin) compared himself with the victim of Calvary. +Even this profane rant is a plagiarism. +Gracchus Baboeuf, who headed the extreme republican +party against the Directory, exclaimed, +on his trial, that his wife, and those of his fellow-conspirators, +"should accompany them <i>even to +Calvary</i>, because the cause of their punishment +should not bring them to shame."—<i>Mignet's French Revolution</i>, chap. xii.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">J.F. Boyes.</span></p> + + +<p><i>Hoppesteris</i>.—The "shippis <i>hoppesteris</i>," in +Chaucer's <i>Knight's Tale</i>, 2019., is explained by +Tyrwhitt to mean <i>dancing</i>, and that in the feminine—a +very odd epithet. He tells us that the +corresponding epithet in Boccaccio is <i>bellatrici</i>. +I have no doubt that Chaucer mistook it for <i>ballatrici</i>.</p> + +<p class="author">C.B.</p> + + +<p><i>Sheridan's Last Residence</i> (Vol. i., p. 484.).—I +wonder at any doubt about poor Sheridan's having +died in his own house, 17. Saville Row. His remains, +indeed, were removed (I believe for prudential +reasons which I need not specify) to Mr. +Peter Moore's, in Great George Street; but he +was never more than a temporary, though frequent visitor at Mr. Moore's.</p> + +<p class="author">C.</p> + +<hr /> + + + + +<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> + + +<h4>NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, ETC.</h4> + + +<p>The Devices and Mottoes of the later Middle Ages +(<i>Die Devisen und Motto des Späteren Mittelalters, von +J.V. Radowitz</i>), just imported by Messrs. Williams and +Norgate, is one of those little volumes which such of +our readers as are interested in the subject to which it +relates should make a note of. They will, in addition +to many novel instances of Devices, Mottoes, Emblems, +&c., find much curious learning upon the subjects, +and many useful bibliographical references.</p> + +<p>Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson still sell, on Saturday +next, the very beautiful collection of Oriental Manuscripts +of the late Dr. Scott; on Monday and Tuesday, +his Medical Library; on Wednesday, his valuable +Collection of Music; and on Thursday, his Philosophical +and Mathematical Instruments, Fire-arms, and +other miscellaneous objects of interest.</p> + +<p>We have received the following catalogues:—John +Petheram's (94. High Holborn) Catalogue, +Part CXII., No. 6. for 1850 of Old and New Books; +W.S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham House, Westminster +Road) Fifty-Seventh Catalogue of Cheap Second-hand +Books, English and Foreign; James Sage's (4. Newman's +Row, Lincoln's Inn Fields) Miscellaneous List +of Valuable and Interesting Books; Edward Stibbs' +(331. Strand) Catalogue of Miscellaneous Collection of +Books, comprising Voyages, Travels, Biography, History, Poetry, Drama, &c.</p> + +<hr /> + + + +<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2> + + +<p><span class="sc">Index and Title-Page to Volume the First.</span> <i>The +Index is preparing as rapidly as can be, consistently with +fullness and accuracy, and we hope to have that and the +Title page ready by the 15th of the Month.</i></p> + +<p><i>Covers for the First Volume are preparing, and will be +ready for Subscribers with the Title-Page and Index.</i></p> + +<hr class="adverts" /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page32" id="page32"></a>{32}</span> + + + + +<h2>NEW WORKS IN GENERAL LITERATURE.</h2> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h4>I.</h4> + +<p>MEMOIRS OF THE DUKES OF URBINO +(1440 to 1630). By JAMES DENNISTOUN, of Dennistoun. With +numerous Portraits, Plates, Facsimiles, and Woodcuts. 3 vols. +square crown 8vo. 2<i>l.</i> 8<i>s.</i></p> + + +<h4>II.</h4> + +<p>SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY. From "The +Spectator". With Notes, &c., by W.H. WILLIS and Twelve +fine Woodcuts from drawings by F. TAYLER. Crown 8vo. 15<i>s.</i>; +morocco, 27<i>s.</i></p> + + +<h4>III.</h4> + +<p>Mrs. JAMESON'S SACRED and LEGENDARY +ART or, LEGENDS of the SAINTS and MARTYRS. +New Edition, complete in One Volume with Etchings by the +Author, and Woodcuts. Square crown 8vo. 28<i>s.</i></p> + + +<h4>IV.</h4> + +<p>Mrs. JAMESON'S LEGENDS OF THE +SAINTS AND MARTYRS, as represented in the Fine Arts. +With Etchings by the Author, and Woodcuts. Square crown 8vo. 28<i>s.</i></p> + + +<h4>V.</h4> + +<p>THE CHURCH IN THE CATACOMBS: a +Description of the Primitive Church of Rome. BY CHARLES +MAITLAND. New Edition, with Woodcuts. 8vo. 14<i>s.</i></p> + + +<h4>VI.</h4> + +<p>Mr. MACAULAY'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND, +from the Accession of James II. New Edition. Vols. I. and II. 8vo. 32<i>s.</i></p> + + +<h4>VII.</h4> + +<p>JOHN COAD'S MEMORANDUM of the +SUFFERINGS of the REBELS sentenced to Transportation by +Judge Jeffreys. Square fcap. 8vo. 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + +<h4>VIII.</h4> + +<p>AN INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH ANTIQUITIES. +Intended as a Companion to the History of +England. BY JAMES ECCLESTON. With many Wood Engravings. 8vo. 12<i>s.</i></p> + + +<h4>IX.</h4> + +<p>Mr. A. RICH'S ILLUSTRATED COMPANION +to the LATIN DICTIONARY and GREEK LEXICON. +With about 2,000 Woodcuts, from the Antique. Post 8vo. 21<i>s.</i></p> + + +<h4>X.</h4> + +<p>MAUNDER'S TREASURY OF KNOWLEDGE +and LIBRARY of REFERENCE: a Compendium +of Universal Knowledge. New Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 10<i>s.</i>; bound 12<i>s.</i></p> + + +<h4>XI.</h4> + +<p>MAUNDER'S BIOGRAPHICAL TREASURY; +a New Dictionary of Ancient and Modern Biography; +comprising about 12,000 Memoirs. New Edition, with Supplement. +Fcap. 8vo. 10<i>s.</i> bound, 12<i>s.</i></p> + + +<h4>XII.</h4> + +<p>MAUNDER'S SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY +TREASURY: a copious portable Encyclopædia of +Science and the Belles Lettres. New Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 10<i>s.</i>; +bound, 12<i>s.</i></p> + + +<h4>XIII.</h4> + +<p>MAUNDER'S HISTORICAL TREASURY: +comprising an Outline of General History, and a separate History +of every Nation. New Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 10<i>s.</i> bound, 12<i>s.</i></p> + + +<h4>XIV.</h4> + +<p>MAUNDER'S TREASURY OF NATURAL +HISTORY, or, a Popular Dictionary of Animated Nature. +New Edition; with 900 Woodcuts. Fcap. 8vo. 10<i>s.</i>; bound, 12<i>s.</i></p> + + +<h4>XV.</h4> + +<p>SOUTHEY'S COMMON-PLACE BOOK. +First series—CHOICE PASSAGES, &c. Second edition +with Medallion Portrait. Square crown 8vo. 18<i>s.</i></p> + + +<h4>XVI.</h4> + +<p>SOUTHEY'S COMMON-PLACE BOOK +SECOND SERIES—SPECIAL COLLECTIONS. Edited by the +REV. J.W. WARTER, B.D., the Author's Son-in-Law. Square crown 8vo. 18<i>s.</i></p> + + +<h4>XVII.</h4> + +<p>SOUTHEY'S COMMON-PLACE BOOK. +THIRD SERIES—ANALYTICAL READINGS. Edited by Mr. +SOUTHEY's Son-in-Law, the Rev. J.W. WARTER, B.D. Square crown 8vo. 21<i>s.</i></p> + + +<h4>XVIII.</h4> + +<p>SOUTHEY'S COMMON-PLACE BOOK. +FOURTH AND CONCLUDING SERIES—ORIGINAL MEMORANDA, +&c. Edited by the Rev. J.W. WARTER, B.D., Mr. SOUTHEY's +Son-in-Law. Square crown 8vo. [Nearly Ready.</p> + + +<h4>XIX.</h4> + +<p>SOUTHEY'S THE DOCTOR. &c. Complete +in One Volume, with Portrait, Bust, Vignette, and coloured +Plate. Edited by the Rev. J.W. WARTER, B.D., the Author's +Son-in-Law. Square crown 8vo. 21<i>s.</i></p> + + +<h4>XX.</h4> + +<p>SOUTHEY'S LIFE and CORRESPONDENCE. +Edited by his Son, the Rev. C.C. SOUTHEY, M.A., +with Portraits and Landscape Illustrations. 6 vols. post 8vo. 63<i>s.</i></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h4>LONDON:</h4> + +<h3>LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS.</h3> + + + +<hr class="full" /> + +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1: </b><a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a><p>We have collated the list with the Population +Returns (Parish Register abstract) 1831, and noted any +difference. In addition to the list given from Sir Geo. +Nayler's MS. the following early registers were extant in 1831:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>1538. Allhallows, Bread Street; Allhallows, Honey</p> +<p class="i6">Lane; Christ Church; St. Mary-le-bow;</p> +<p class="i6">St. Matthew, Friday Street; St. Michael</p> +<p class="i6">Bassishaw; St. Pancras, Soper Lane.</p> +<p>1539. St. Martin, Ironmonger Lane; St. Martin Ludgate; St. Michael, Crooked Lane.</p> +<p>1547. St. George, Botolph Lane, at the commencement of which are 22 entries from tombs, 1390-1410.</p> +<p>1558. Allhallows the Less; St. Andrew, Wardrope; St. Bartholomew, Exchange; St. Christopher-le-Stock; +St. Mary-at-Hill, St. Michael le Quern; +St. Michael, Royal; St. Olave, Jewry; +St. Thomas the Apostle; St. Botolph, Bishopsgate.</p> +<p>1559. St. Augustine; St. Margaret, Moses; St. Michael, Wood Street.</p> +<p>1560. St. Magnus.</p> +</div> </div></blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2: </b><a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a><p><i>Note in the Book</i>—There are registers before this in the hands of Mr. Pridden.</p></blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3: </b><a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a><p>See Latham's <i>English Language</i>, 2nd edition, p. 211</p></blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote4" name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4: </b><a href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a><p>Query: May not this be another version of the same +story, quoted by your correspondent, B.A., of Christ +Church, Oxford, from Monteith, (in Vol. i. p. 475.), +of the Jews desiring to buy the Library of <i>Oxford</i>?</p></blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New Street +Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, +in the City of London; and published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the +Parish of St. Dunstan in +the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street +aforesaid.—Saturday, June 8. 1850.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 32, June 8, +1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER *** + +***** This file should be named 15996-h.htm or 15996-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/9/9/15996/ + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon +Ingram, William Flis, and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 32, June 8, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: June 6, 2005 [EBook #15996] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon +Ingram, William Flis, and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +NO. 32.] SATURDAY, JUNE 8. 1850. [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4d. + + * * * * * + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- + Presence of Strangers in the House of Commons 17 + The Agapemone, by Richard Greene 17 + London Irish Registers, by Robert Cole 18 + Folk Lore--Divination by Bible and Key--Charm for Warts--Boy or Girl 19 +QUERIES:-- + Poet Laureates 20 + Minor Queries:--Wood Paper--Latin Line--New Edition of Milton--Barum + and Sarum--Roman Roads--John Dutton, of Dutton--Rome--Prolocutor of + Convocation--Language of Queen Mary's Days--Vault Interments--Archbishop + Williams' Persecutor, R.K.--The Sun feminine in English--Construe and + translate--Men but Children of a Larger Growth--Clerical Costume--Ergh, + Er, or Argh--Burial Service--Gaol Chaplains--Hanging out the + Broom--George Lord Goring--Bands 21 +REPLIES:-- + Derivation of "News" and "Noise" by Samuel Hickson 23 + The Dodo Queries, by H.E. Strickland 24 + Bohn's Edition of Milton 24 + Umbrellas 25 + Emancipation of the Jews 25 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Wellington, Wyrwast and Cokam--Sir William + Skipwyth--Dr. Johnson and Dr. Warton--Worm of Lambton--Shakspeare's + Will--Josias Ibach Stada--The Temple or a Temple--Bawn--"Heigh ho! + says Rowley"--Arabic Numerals--Pusan--"I'd preach as though"--"Fools + rush in"--Allusion in Friar Brackley's Sermon--Earwig--Sir R. Haigh's + Letter-book--Marescautia--Memoirs of an American Lady--Poem by Sir E. + Dyer, &c. 26 +MISCELLANIES:-- + Blue Boar Inn, Holborn--Lady Morgan and Curry--Sir Walter Scott and + Erasmus--Parallel Passages--Grays Ode--The Grand + Style--Hoppesteris--Sheridan's last Residence 30 +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Catalogues, Sales, &c. 31 + Notices to Correspondents 31 + Advertisements 32 + + * * * * * + + + + +NOTES. + + +PRESENCE OF STRANGERS IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS. + + +In the late debate on Mr. Grantley Berkeley's motion for a fixed duty +on corn, Sir Benjamin Hall is reported to have imagined the presence +of a stranger to witness the debate, and to have said that he was +imagining what every one knew the rules of the House rendered an +impossibility. It is strange that so intelligent a member of the +House of Commons should be ignorant of the fact that the old sessional +orders, which absolutely prohibited the presence of strangers in the +House of Commons, were abandoned in 1845, and that a standing order +now exists in their place which recognises and regulates their +presence. The insertion of this "note" may prevent many "queries" in +after times, when the sayings and doings of 1850 have become matters +of antiquarian discussion. + +The following standing orders were made by the House of Commons on the +5th of February, 1845, on the motion of Mr. Christie, (see Hansard, +and Commons' Journals of that day), and superseded the old sessional +orders, which purported to exclude strangers entirely from the House +of Commons:-- + +"That the serjeant at arms attending this House do from time to +time take into his custody any stranger whom he may see, or who +may be reported to him to be, in any part of the House or gallery +appropriated to the members of this House; and also any stranger who, +having been admitted into any other part of the House or gallery, +shall misconduct himself, or shall not withdraw when strangers are +directed to withdraw while the House, or any committee of the whole +House, is sitting; and that no person so taken into custody be +discharged out of custody without the special order of the House. + +"That no member of this House do presume to bring any stranger into +any part of the House or gallery appropriated to the members of this +House while the House, or a committee of the whole House, is sitting." + +Now, therefore, strangers are only liable to be taken into custody +if in a part of the House appropriated to members, or misconducting +themselves, or refusing to withdraw when ordered by the Speaker to do +so; and Sir Benjamin Hall imagined no impossibility. + +CH. + + * * * * * + + +THE AGAPEMONE. + + +Like most other things, the "Agapemone" wickedness, which has recently +disgusted all decent people, does not appear to be a new thing by any +means. The religion-mongers of the nineteenth century have a precedent +nearly 300 years old for this house of evil repute. + +In the reign of Elizabeth, the following proclamation was issued +against "The Sectaries of the Family of Love:"-- + +"Whereas, by report of sundry of the Bishops of this Realm, and others +having care of souls, the Queen's Majesty is informed, that in sundry +places of her said Realm, in their several Dioceses there are certain +persons which do secretly, in corners, make privy assemblies of +divers simple unlearned people, and after they have craftily and +hypocritically allured them to esteem them to be more holy and +perfect men than other are, they do then teach them damnable heresies, +directly contrary to divers of the principal Articles of our Belief +and Christian Faith and in some parts so absurd and fanatical, as by +feigning to themselves a monstrous new kind of speech, never found in +the Scriptures, nor in ancient Father or writer of Christ's Church, by +which they do move ignorant and simple people at the first rather to +marvel at them, than to understand them but yet to colour their sect +withal, they name themselves to be of the _Family of Love_, and then +as many as shall be allowed by them to be of that family to be elect +and saved, and all others, of what Church soever they be, to be +rejected and damned. And for that upon conventing of some of them +before the Bishops and Ordinaries, it is found that the ground of +their sect, is maintained by certain lewd, heretical, and seditious +books first made in the Dutch tongue, and lately translated into +English, and printed beyond the seas, and secretly brought over +into the Realm, the author whereof they name H.N., without yielding +to him, upon their examination, any other name, in whose name they +have certain books set forth, called _Evangelium Regni, or, A Joyful +Message of the Kingdom; Documental Sentences, The Prophecie of the +Spirit of Love; a Publishing of the Peace upon the Earth_, and such +like. + +"And considering also it is found, that these Sectaries hold opinion, +that they may before any magistrate, ecclesiastical or temporal, +or any other person not being professed to be of their sect (which +they term the Family of Love), by oath or otherwise deny any thing +for their advantage, so as though many of them are well known to be +teachers and spreaders abroad of these dangerous and damnable sects, +yet by their own confession they cannot be condemned, whereby they are +more dangerous in any Christian Realm: Therefore, her Majesty being +very sorry to see so great an evil by the malice of the Devil, first +begun and practised in other countries, to be now brought into this +her Realm, and that by her Bishops and Ordinaries she understandeth +it very requisite, not only to have these dangerous Heretics and +Sectaries to be severely punished, but that also all other means be +used by her Majesty's Royal authority, which is given her of God +to defend Christ's Church, to root them out from further infecting +her Realm, she hath thought meet and convenient, and so by this her +Proclamation she willeth and commandeth, that all her Officers and +Ministers temporal shall, in all their several vocations, assist +the Archbishops and Bishops of her Realm, and all other persons +ecclesiastical, having care of souls, to search out all persons duly +suspected to be either teachers or professors of the foresaid damnable +sects, and by all good means to proceed severely against them +being found culpable, by order of the Laws either ecclesiastical or +temporal: and that, also, search be made in all places suspected, for +the books and writings maintaining the said Heresies and Sects, and +them to destroy and burn. + +"And wheresoever such Books shall be found after the publication +hereof, in custody of any person, other than such as the Ordinaries +shall permit, to the intent to peruse the same for confutation +thereof, the same persons to be attached and committed to close +prison, there to remain, or otherwise by Law to be condemned, until +the same shall be purged and cleared of the same heresies, or shall +recant the same, and be thought meet by the Ordinary of the place to +be delivered. And that whoever in this Realm shall either print, or +bring, or cause to be brought into this Realm, any of the said Books, +the same persons to be attached and committed to prison, and to +receive such bodily punishment and other mulct as fautors of damnable +heresies. And to the execution hereof, her Majesty chargeth all her +Officers and Ministers, both ecclesiastical and temporal, to have +special regard, as they will answer not only afore God, whose glory +and truth is by these damnable Sects greatly sought to be defaced, +but also will avoid her Majesty's indignation, which in such cases as +these are, they ought not to escape, if they shall be found negligent +and careless in the execution of their authorities. + +"Given at our Mannour of Richmond, the third of October, in the +two-and-twentieth year of our Reign. + +"God Save The Queen." + +RICHARD GREENE. + +Lichfield, May 28. 1850. + + * * * * * + + +LONDON PARISH REGISTERS. + +The interleaving, of a little work in my possession, published by +Kearsley in 1787, intitled _Account of the several Wards, Precincts, +and Parishes in the City of London_, contains MS. notes of the +commencement of the registers of fifty of the London parishes, and of +four of Southwark, the annexed list[1] of which may be of use to some +of the readers of "Notes and Queries." The book formerly belonged to +Sir George Nayler, whose signature it bears on a fly-leaf. + +[Footnote 1: We have collated the list with the Population Returns +(Parish Register abstract) 1831, and noted any difference. In addition +to the list given from Sir Geo. Nayler's MS. the following early +registers were extant in 1831:-- + + 1538. Allhallows, Bread Street; Allhallows, Honey + Lane; Christ Church; St. Mary-le-bow; + St. Matthew, Friday Street; St. Michael + Bassishaw; St. Pancras, Soper Lane. + 1539. St. Martin, Ironmonger Lane; St. Martin + Ludgate; St. Michael, Crooked Lane. + 1547. St. George, Botolph Lane, at the commencement + of which are 22 entries from tombs, 1390-1410. + 1558. Allhallows the Less; St. Andrew, Wardrope; + St. Bartholomew, Exchange; St. Christopher-le-Stock; + St. Mary-at-Hill, St. Michael le Quern; + St. Michael, Royal; St. Olave, Jewry; + St. Thomas the Apostle; St. Botolph, Bishopsgate. + 1559. St. Augustine; St. Margaret, Moses; St. Michael, + Wood Street. + 1560. St. Magnus. + + Allhallows, Barking begins 1558 + ----------- London Wall " 1567 [1559 Pop. ret.] + ----------- Lombard Street " 1550 + ----------- Staining " 1642 + St. Andrew Undershaft " 1558 + St. Antholin " 1538 + St. Bennet Fink " 1538 + ----------- Gracechurch " 1558 + St. Clement, Eastcheap " 1539 + St. Dionis Backchurch " 1538 + St. Dunstan in the East " 1558 + St. Edmund the King " 1670 + St. Gabriel, Fenchurch " 1571 + St. Gregory " 1539 [1559 Pop. ret., + probably an error + of transcriber.] + St. James Garlickhithe " 1535 + St. John Baptist " 1682 [1538 Pop. ret.] + St. Katharine Coleman " 1559 + St. Lawrence, Jewry " 1538 + ------------- Pountney " 1538 + St. Leonard, Eastcheap " 1538 + St. Margaret Lothbury " 1558 + ------------ Pattens " 1653 [1559 Pop. ret.] + St. Martin Orgars " 1625 + ---------- Outwick " 1678 [1670 Pop. ret.] + ---------- Vestry " 1671 [1668 Pop. ret.] + St. Mary, Aldermanbury " 1538 + St. Mary Magdalene, Old + Fish Street " 1712 [1717 Pop. ret.] + St. Mary Mounthaw " 1568 [1711 Pop. ret. + A register evidently + lost.] + St. Mary Somerset " 1558 [1711 Pop. ret. + A register missing.] + St. Mary Woolchurch, and St. + Mary Woolnorth, both in one " 1538 + St. Michael, Cornhill, beg. _before_ 1546 + ------------ Royal begins 1558 + St. Mildred, Poultry " 1538 + St. Nicholas Acons " 1539 + ------------ Coleabby " 1695 [1538 Pop. ret.] + ------------ Olave " 1703 + St. Peter, Cornhill " 1538 + St. Peter le Poor " 1538 [1561 Pop. ret.] + St. Stephen, Coleman Street " 1558 + ------------ Walbrook " 1557 + St. Swithin " 1615 [1754 Pop. ret.] + St. Andrew, Holborn " 1551 [1558 Pop. ret.] + St. Bartholomew the Great " 1616 + --------------- the Less " 1547 + St. Botolph, Aldgate " 1558 + St. Bride " 1653[2] + St. Dunstan in the West " 1554 [1558 Pop. ret.] + St. Sepulchre " 1663 + _Note_.--The register prior burnt at the fire of London. + St. Olave, Southwark. "Register said by + _Bray's Survey_ to be as early as + 1586. Vide vol. i. 111-607; but on a + search made this day it appears that + the register does not begin till + 1685. Qy. if not a book + lost?--5th Oct. 1829." [1685 Pop. ret.] + St. George, Southwark, beg. abt. 1600 [1602 Pop. ret.] + St. Mary Magdalen, Bermondsey, begins + 1548 (Lysons); but from end of 1642 + to 1653 only two entries made; viz. + one in Nov. 1643, and another Aug. + 1645, which finishes the first + volume; and the second volume + begins in 1653. + St. Saviour, Southwark, begins temp. Eliz. [1570 Pop. ret.] + St. Thomas, Southwark, begins 1614. + +ROB. COLE. + +[Footnote 2: _Note in the Book_--There are registers before this in +the hands of Mr. Pridden.] + + * * * * * + + +FOLK LORE. + + +_Divination by Bible and Key_ seems not merely confined to this +country, but to prevail in Asia. The following passage from +_Peregrinations en Orient_, par Eusebe de Salle, vol. i. p. 167., +Paris, 1840, may throw some additional light on this superstition. +The author is speaking of his sojourn at Antioch, in the house of the +_English_ consul. + +"En rentrant dans le salon, je trouvai Mistriss B. assise sur son +divan, pres d'un natif Syrien Chretien. Ils tenaient a eux deux une +Bible, suspendue a une grosse cle par un mouchoir fin. Mistriss B. ne +se rappelait pas avoir recu un bijou qu'un Aleppin affirmait lui avoir +remis. Le Syrien disait une priere, puis prononcait alternativement +les noms de la dame et de l'Aleppin. La Bible pivota au nom de la dame +declaree par-la en erreur. Elle se leva a l'instant, et ayant fait des +recherches plus exactes, finit par trouver le bijou." + +I hardly think that this would be an English superstition transplanted +to the East; it is more probable that it was originally derived frown +Syria. + +E.C. + +Newcastle-on-Tyne, May 19. 1850. + + +_Charm for Warts_.--Count most carefully the number of warts; take a +corresponding number of nodules or knots from the stalks of any of the +_cerealia_ (wheat, oats, barley); wrap these in a cloth, and deposit +the packet in the earth; _all the steps of the operation being done +secretly_. As the nodules decay the warts will disappear. Some artists +think it necessary that each wart should be _touched_ by a separate +nodule. + +This practice was very rife in the north of Scotland some fifty years +since, and no doubt is so still. It was regarded as very +effective, and certainly had plenty of evidence of the +_post-hoc-ergo-propter-hoc_ order in its favour. + +Is this practice prevalent in England? + +It will be remarked that this belongs to the category of _Vicarious +Charms_, which have in all times and in all ages, in great things and +in small things, been one of the favourite resources of poor mortals +in their difficulties. Such charms (for all analogous practices may be +so called) are, in point of fact, _sacrifices_ made on the principle +so widely adopted,--_qui facit per alium facit per se_. The common +witch-charm of melting an image of wax stuck full of pins before +a slow fire, is a familiar instance. Everybody knows that the +party _imaged_ by the wax continues to suffer all the tortures of +pin-pricking until he or she finally melts away (colliquescit), or +dies in utter emaciation. + +EMDEE. + + +_Boy or Girl._--The following mode was adopted a few years ago in +a branch of my family residing in Denbighshire, with the view of +discovering the sex of an infant previous to its birth. As I do not +remember to have met with it in other localities, it may, perhaps, +be an interesting addition to your "Folk Lore." An old woman of the +village, strongly attached to the family, asked permission to use +a harmless charm to learn if the expected infant would be male or +female. Accordingly she joined the servants at their supper, where she +assisted in clearing a shoulder of mutton of every particle of meat. +She then held the blade-bone to the fire until it was scorched, so +as to permit her to force her thumbs through the thin part. Through +the holes thus made she passed a string, and having knotted the ends +together, she drove in a nail over the back door and left the house, +giving strict injunctions to the servants to hang the bone up in that +place the last thing at night. Then they were carefully to observe who +should first enter that door on the following morning, exclusive of +the members of the household, and the sex of the child would be that +of the first comer. This rather vexed some of the servants, who wished +for a boy, as two or three women came regularly each morning to the +house, and a man was scarcely ever seen there; but to their delight +the first comer on this occasion proved to be a man, and in a few +weeks the old woman's reputation was established throughout the +neighbourhood by the birth of a boy. + +M.E.F. + + * * * * * + + + + +QUERIES. + + +POET LAUREATES. + +Can any of the contributors to your most useful "NOTES AND QUERIES" +favour me with the title of any work which gives an account of the +origin, office, emoluments, and privileges of Poet Laureate. Selden, +in his _Titles of Honour (Works_, vol. iii. p. 451.), shows the Counts +Palatine had the right of conferring the dignity claimed by the +German Emperors. The first payment I am aware of is to Master Henry +de Abrinces, the _Versifier_ (I suppose Poet Laureate), who received +6d. a day,--4l. 7s., as will be seen in the _Issue Roll_ of Thomas de +Brantingham, edited by Frederick Devon. + +Warton (_History of English Poetry_, vol. ii. p. 129.) gives no +further information, and is the author generally quoted; but the +particular matter sought for is wanting. + +The first patent, according to the _Encyclopaedia Metropolitana_, +article "Laureate," is stated, as regards the existing office, to date +from 5th Charles I., 1630; and assigns as the annual gratuity 100l., +and a tierce of Spanish Canary wine out of the royal cellars. + +Prior to this, the emoluments appear uncertain, as will be seen by +Gifford's statement relative to the amount paid to B. Jonson, vol. i. +cxi.:-- + + "Hitherto the Laureateship appears to have been a mere trifle, + adopted at pleasure by those who were employed to write for + the court, but conveying no privileges, and establishing no + claim to a salary." + +I am inclined to doubt the accuracy of the phrase "employed to write +for the court." Certain it is, the question I now raise was _pressed_ +then, as it was to satisfy Ben Jonson's want of information Selden +wrote on the subject in his _Titles of Honour_. + +These emoluments, rights, and privileges have been matters of +Laureate dispute, even to the days of Southey. In volume iv. of his +correspondence, many hints of this will be found; e.g., at page 310., +with reference to Gifford's statement, and "my proper rights." + +The Abbe Resnel says,--"L'illustre Dryden l'a porte comme _Poete du +Roy_," which rather reduces its academic dignity; and adds, "Le Sieur +Cyber, comedien de profession, est actuellement en possession du titre +de Poete Laureate, et qu'il jouit en meme tems de deux cens livres +sterling de pension, a la charge de presenter tous les ans, deux +pieces de vers a la famille royale." + +I am afraid, however, the Abbe drew upon his imagination for the +amount of the salary; and that he would find the people were never so +hostile to the court as to sanction so heavy an infliction upon the +royal family, as they would have met with from the quit-rent ode, the +peppercorn of praise paid by Elkanah Settle, Cibber, or H.J. Pye. + +The Abbe, however, is not so amusing in his mistake (if mistaken) +relative to this point, as I find another foreign author has been +upon two Poet Laureates, Dryden and Settle. Vincenzo Lancetti, in his +_Pseudonimia Milano_, 1836, tells us:-- + + "Anche la durezza di alcuni cognomi ha piu volte consigliato + un raddolcimento, che li rendesse piu facili a pronunziarsi. + Percio Macloughlin divenne Macklin; Machloch, Mallet; ed + Elkana Settle fu poi ---- John Dryden!" + +--a metamorphose greater, I suspect, than any to be found in Ovid, and +a transmigration of soul far beyond those imagined by the philosophers +of the East. + +S.H. + +Athenaeum. + + * * * * * + + + + +MINOR QUERIES. + + +_Wood Paper_.--The reprint of the _Works of Bishop Wilkins_, London, +1802, 2 vols. 8vo., is said to be on paper made from wood pulp. +It has all the appearance of it in roughness, thickness, and very +unequal opacity. Any sheet looked at with a candle behind it is like +a firmament scattered with luminous nebulae. I can find mention of +straw paper, as patented about the time; but I should think it almost +impossible (knowing how light the Indian rice paper is) that the heavy +fabric above mentioned should be of straw. Is it from wood? If so, +what is the history of the invention, and what other works were +printed in it? + +M. + + +_Latin Line_.--I should be very much obliged to anybody who can tell +where this line comes from:-- + + "Exiguum hoc magni pignus amoris habe," + +which was engraved on a present from a distinguished person to a +relation of mine, who tried in several quarters to learn where it came +from. + +C.B. + + +_Milton, New Edition of_.--I observe in Mr. Mayor's communication +(Vol. i. p. 427.), that some one is engaged in editing Milton. May +I ask who, and whether the contemplated edition includes prose and +poetry? + +CH. + + +_Barum and Sarum_.--By what theory, rule, or analogy, if any, can the +contractions be accounted for of two names so dissimilar, into +words terminating so much alike, as those of Salisbury into +Sarum--Barnstaple into Barum? + +S.S.S. + + +_Roman Roads_.--Can you inform me in whose possession is the MS. essay +on "Roman Roads," written by the late Dr. Charles Mason, to which I +find allusion in a MS. letter of Mr. North's? + +BURIENSIS. + + +_John Dutton, of Dutton_.--In the Vagrant Act, 17 George II., c. 5., +the heir and assigns of John Dutton, of Dutton, co. Chester, deceased, +Esq., are exempt from the pains and penalties of vagrancy. Query--Who +was the said John Dutton, and why was such a boon conferred on his +heirs for ever? + +B. + + +_Rome, Ancient and Modern_.--I observed, in a shop in Rome, in 1847, +a large plan of that city, in which, on the same surface, both ancient +and modern Rome were represented; the shading of the streets and +buildings being such as to distinguish the one from the other. Thus, +in looking at the modern Forum, you saw, as it were _underneath_ it, +the ancient Forum; and so in the other parts of the city. Can any of +your readers inform me as to the name of the designer, and where, if +at all, in England, a copy of this plan may be obtained? + +If I remember rightly, the border to the plan was composed of the +Pianta Capitolina, or fragments of the ancient plan preserved in +the Capitol. In the event of the map above referred to not being +accessible, can I obtain a copy of this latter plan by itself, and +how? + +A.B.M. + + +_Prolocutor of Convocation_.--W.D.M. inquires who was Prolocutor of +the Lower House of Convocation during its session in 1717-18? + + +_Language of Queen Mary's Days_.--In the first vol. of Evelyn's +_Diary_ (the last edition) I find the following notice:-- + + "18th, Went to Beverley, a large town with two churches, St. + John's and St. Mary's, not much inferior to the best of our + cathedrals. Here a very old woman showed us the monuments, + and being above 100 years of age, spake _the language of Queen + Mary's days_, in whose time she was born; she was widow of a + sexton, who had belonged to the church a hundred years." + +Will any of your readers inform me what was the language spoken in +_Queen Mary's_ days, and what peculiarity distinguished it from the +language used in _Evelyn's_ days? + +A learned author has suggested, that the difference arose from the +slow progress in social improvement in the North of England, caused by +the difficulty of communication with the court and its refinements. I +am still anxious to ascertain what the difference was. + +FRA. MEWBURN. + +Darlington. + + +_Vault Interments_.--I shall be very glad of any information as to the +origin and date of the practice of depositing coffins in vaults, and +whether this custom obtains in any other country than our own. + +WALTER LEWIS. + +Edward Street, Portman Square. + + +_Archbishop Williams' Persecutor, R.K._--Any information will be +thankfully received of the ancestors, collaterals, or descendants, of +the notorious R.K.--the unprincipled persecutor of Archbp. Williams, +mentioned in Fuller's _Church Hist._, B. xi. cent. 17.; and in +Hacket's Life of the Archbishop (abridgment), p. 190. + +F.K. + + +_The Sun feminine in English_.--It has been often remarked, that +the northern nations made the sun to be feminine.[3] Do any of your +readers know any instances of the _English_ using this gender of the +sun? I have found the following:-- + +"So it will be at that time with the sun; for though _she_ be the +brightest and clearest creature, above all others, yet, for all that +Christ with His glory and majesty will obscure _her."--Latimer's +Works_, Parker Soc. edit. vol. ii. p. 54. + +"Not that the sun itself, of _her_ substance, shall be darkened; no, +not so; for _she_ shall give _her_ light, but it shall not be seen +for this great light and clearness wherein our Saviour shall +appear."--(Ib. p. 98.) + +THOS. COX. + +[Footnote 3: See Latham's _English Language_, 2nd edition, p. 211] + + +_Construe and translate_.--In my school-days, verbal rendering from +Latin or Greek into English was _construing_; the same on paper was +_translating_. Whence this difference of phrase? + +M. + + +_Men but Children of a larger growth_.--Can you give one the author of +the following line? + + "Men are but children of a larger growth." + +R.G. + + +_Clerical Costume_.--In the Diary of the Rev. Giles Moore, rector of +Hosted Keynes, in Sussex, published in the first volume of the Sussex +Archaeological Collections, there is the following account of his +dress:-- + + "I went to Lewis and bought 4 yards of broad black cloth at + 16s. the yard, and two yards and 1/2 of scarlet serge for a + waistcoat, 11s. 1d., and 1/4 of an ounce of scarlet silke, + 1s." + +and this appears to have been his regular dress. Will any of your +correspondents inform me whether this scarlet serge waistcoat was +commonly worn by the clergy in those times, namely, in 1671? + +R.W.B. + + +_Ergh, Er, or Argh_.--In Dr. Whitaker's _History of Whalley_, p. 37., +ed. 1818, are the following observations on the above word:-- + + "This is a singular word, which occurs, however both to the + north and south of the Ribble, though much more frequently + to the north. To the south, I know not that it occurs, but + in Angles-ark and Brettargh. To the north are Battarghes, + Ergh-holme, Stras-ergh, Sir-ergh, Feiz-er, Goosen-ergh. In + all the Teutonic dialects I meet with nothing resembling this + word, _excepting the Swedish_ Arf, _terra_ (_vide_ Ihre _in + voce_), which, if the last letter be pronounced gutturally, is + precisely the same with _argh_." + +Can any of your readers give a more satisfactory explanation of this +local term? + +T.W. + +Burnley, May 4. 1850. + + +_Burial Service_.--During a conversation on the various sanitary +measures now projecting in the metropolis, and particularly on the +idea lately started of re-introducing the ancient practice of burning +the bodies of the deceased, one of our company remarked that the +words "ashes to ashes," used in our present form of burial, would in +such a case be literally applicable; and a question arose why the +word "ashes" should have been introduced at all, and whether its +introduction might not have been owing to the actual cremation of the +funeral pyre at the burial of Gentile Christians? We were none of us +profound enough to quote or produce any facts from the monuments and +records of the early converts to account for the expression; but I +conceive it probable that a solution could be readily given by some of +your learned correspondents. The burning of the dead does not appear +to be in itself an anti-christian ceremony, nor necessarily connected +with Pagan idolatries, and therefore might have been tolerated in the +case of Gentile believers like any other indifferent usage. + +CINIS. + + +_Gaol Chaplains_.--When were they first appointed? Did the following +advice of Latimer, in a sermon before King Edward, in 1549, take any +effect? + + "Oh, I would ye would resort to prisons! A commendable thing + in a Christian realm: I would wish there were curates of + prisons, that we might say, the 'curate of Newgate, the curate + of the Fleet,' and I would have them waged for their labour. + It is a holiday work to visit the prisoners, for they be kept + from sermons."--Vol. i. p. 180. + +THOS. COX. + + +_Hanging out the Broom_ (Vol. i., p. 385.).--This custom exists in +the West of England, but is oftener talked of than practised. It is +jocularly understood to indicate that the deserted inmate is in want +of a companion, and is really to receive the visits of his friends. +Can it be in any way analogous to the custom of hoisting broom at the +mast-head of a vessel which is to be disposed of? + +S.S.S. + + +_George Lord Goring_, well known in history as Colonel Goring and +General Goring, until the elevation of his father to the earldom +of Norwich, in Nov. 1644, is said by Lodge to have left England +in November, 1645, and after passing some time in France, to have +gone into the Netherlands, where he obtained a commission as +Lieutenant-General in the Spanish army. Lodge adds, upon the authority +of Dugdale, that he closed his singular life in that country, in the +character of a Dominican friar, and his father surviving him, he never +became Earl of Norwich. A recent publication, speaking of Lord Goring, +says he carried his genius, his courage, and his villainy to market on +the Continent, served under Spain, and finally assumed the garb of a +Dominican friar, and died in a convent cell. + +Can any of your readers inform me _when_ and _where_ he died, and +whether any particulars are known respecting him after his retirement +abroad, and when his marriage took place with his wife Lady Lettice +Boyle, daughter of the Earl of Cork, who died in 1643? The confusion +that is made between the father and son is very great. + +G. + + +_Bands_.--What is the origin of the clerical and academical custom +of wearing _bands_? Were they not originally used for the purpose of +preserving the cassock from being soiled by the beard? This is the +only solution that presents itself to my mind. + +OXONIENSIS NONDUM-GRADUATUS. + + * * * * * + + + + +REPLIES. + + +DERIVATION OF "NEWS" AND "NOISE." + +I hasten to repudiate a title to which I have no claim; a compliment +towards the close of the letter of your correspondent "CH." (Vol. i., +p. 487.) being evidently intended for a gentleman whose _christian_ +name, only, _differs_ from mine. The compliment in his case is +well-deserved; and it will not lower him in your correspondent's +opinion, to know that he is not answerable for the sins laid to my +charge. And now for a word in my own behalf. + +Indeed, CH. is rather hard upon me, I must confess. In using the +simple form of assertion as more convenient,--although I intended +thereby merely to express that such was my opinion, and not dreaming +of myself as an authority,--I have undoubtedly erred. In the single +instance in which I used it, instead of saying "it is," I should have +said "I think it is." Throughout the rest of my argument I think the +terms made use of are perfectly allowable as expressions of opinion. +Your correspondent has been good enough to give "the whole" of my +"argument" in recapitulating my "assertions." Singular dogmatism that +in laying down the law should condescend to give reasons for it! On +the other hand, when I turn to the letter of my friendly censor, I +find assertion without argument, which, to my simple apprehension, +is of much nearer kin to dogmatism than is the sin with which I am +charged. + +I cannot help thinking that your correspondent, from his dislike "to +be puzzled on so plain a subject," has a misapprehension as to the +uses of etymology. I, too, am no etymologist; I am a simple inquirer, +anxious for information; frequently, without doubt, "most ignorant" +of what I am "most assured;" yet I feel that to treat the subject +scientifically it is not enough to guess at the origin of a word, not +enough even to know it; that it is important to know not only whence +it came, but how it came, what were its relations, by what road it +travelled; and treated thus, etymology is of importance, as a branch +of a larger science, to the history of the progress of the human race. + +Descending now to particulars, let your correspondent show me how +"news" was made out of "new." I have shown him how _I think_ it was +made; but I am open to conviction. + +I repeat my opinion that "news is a noun singular, and as such must +have been adopted bodily into the language;" and if it were a "noun +of plural form and plural meaning," I still think that the singular +form must have preceded it. The two instances CH. gives, "goods" and +"riches," are more in point than he appears to suppose, although in +support of my argument, and not his. The first is from the Gothic, +and is substantially a word implying "possessions," older than the +oldest European living languages. "Riches" is most unquestionably +in its original acceptation in our language a noun singular, being +identically the French "richesse," in which manner it is spelt in our +early writers. From the form coinciding with that of our plural, it +has acquired also a plural signification. But both words "have been +adopted bodily into the language," and thus strengthen my argument +that the process of manufacture is with us unknown. + +Your correspondent is not quite correct in describing me as putting +forward as instances of the early communication between the English +and the German languages the derivation of "news" from "Neues," and +the similarity between two poems. The first I adduced as an instance +of the importance of the inquiry: with regard to the second, I +admitted all that your correspondent now says; but with the remark, +that the mode of treatment and the measure approaching so near to each +other in England and Germany within one half century (and, I may add, +at no other period in either of the two nations is the same mode or +measure to be found), there was reasonable ground for suspicion +of direct or indirect communication. On this subject I asked for +information. + +In conclusion, I think I observe something of a sarcastic tone in +reference to my "novelty." I shall advocate nothing that I do not +believe to be true, "whether it be old or new;" but I have found that +our authorities are sometimes careless, sometimes unfaithful, and +are so given to run in a groove, that when I am in quest of truth I +generally discard them altogether, and explore, however laboriously, +by myself. + +SAMUEL HICKSON. + +St. John's Wood, May 27. 1850. + + +I do not know the reason for the rule your correspondent Mr. S. +HICKSON lays down, that such a noun as "news" could not be formed +according to English analogy. Why not as well as "goods, the shallows, +blacks, for mourning, greens?" There is no singular to any of these as +nouns. + +_Noise_ is a French word, upon which Menage has an article. There can +be no doubt that he and others whom he quotes are right, that it +is derived from _noxa_ or _noxia_ in Latin, meaning "strife." They +quote:-- + + "Saepe in conjugiis fit noxia, cum nimia est dos." + +_Ausonius_. + + "In mediam noxiam perfertur." + +_Petronius_. + + "Diligerent alia, et noxas bellumque moverent." + +_Manilius_. + +It is a great pity that we have no book of reference for English +analogy of language. + +C.B. + + +Why should Mr. Hickson (Vol. i., p. 428.) attempt to derive +"news" indirectly from a German adjective, when it is so directly +attributable to an English one; and that too without departing from a +practice almost indigenous in the language? + +Have we not in English many similar adjective substantives? Are we +not continually slipping into our _shorts_, or sporting our _tights_, +or parading our _heavies_, or counter-marching our _lights_, or +commiserating _blacks_, or leaving _whites_ to starve; or calculating +the _odds_, or making _expositions_ for _goods_? + +Oh! but, says Mr. Hickson, "in that case the '_s_' would be the sign +of the plural." Not necessarily so, no more than an "_s_" to "mean" +furnishes a "means" of proving the same thing. But granting that it +were so, what then? The word "news" _is_ undoubtedly plural, and has +been so used from the earliest times; as (in the example I sent for +publication last week, of so early a date as the commencement of Henry +VIII.'s reign) may be seen in "_thies_ new_es_." + +But a flight still more eccentric would be the identification of +"noise" with "news!" "There is no process," Mr. Hickson says, "by +which noise could be manufactured without making a plural noun of it!" + +Is not Mr. Hickson aware that _la noise_ is a French noun-singular +signifying a contention or dispute? and that the same word exists in +the Latin _nisus_, a struggle? + +If mere plausibility be sufficient ground to justify a derivation, +where is there a more plausible one than that "news," _intelligence, +ought_ to be derived from [Greek: nous], _understanding_ or _common +sense_? + +A.E.B. + +Leeds, May 5th. + + +Further evidence (see Vol. i., p. 369.) of the existence and common +use of the word "newes" in its present signification but ancient +orthography anterior to the introduction of newspapers. + +In a letter from the Cardinal of York (Bainbridge) to Henry VIII. +(Rymer's _Foedera_, vol. vi. p. 50.), + + "After that thies Newes afforesaide ware dyvulgate in the + Citie here." + +Dated from Rome, September, 1513. + +The _Newes_ was of the victory just gained by Henry over the French, +commonly known as "The Battle of the Spurs." + +A.E.B. + + * * * * * + +THE DODO QUERIES. + +I beg to thank Mr. S.W. Singer for the further notices he has given +(Vol. i., p. 485.) in connection with this subject. I was well +acquainted with the passage which he quotes from Osorio, a passage +which some writers have very inconsiderately connected with the +Dodo history. In reply to Mr. Singer's Queries, I need only make the +following extract from the _Dodo and its Kindred_, p. 8.:-- + + "The statement that Vasco de Gama, in 1497, discovered, sixty + leagues beyond the Cape of Good Hope, a bay called after San + Blaz, near an island full of birds with wings like bats, which + the sailors called _solitaries_ (De Blainville, _Nouv. Ann. + Mus. Hist. Nat._, and _Penny Cyclopaedia_, DODO, p. 47.), is + wholly irrelevant. The birds are evidently penguins, and + their wings were compared to those of bats, from being without + developed feathers. De Gama never went near Mauritius, but + hugged the African coast as far as Melinda, and then crossed + to India, returning by the same route. This small island + inhabited by penguins, near the Cape of Good Hope, has been + gratuitously confounded with Mauritius. Dr. Hamel, in a + memoir in the _Bulletin de la Classe Physico-Mathematique de + l'Academie de St. Petersbourg_, vol. iv. p. 53., has devoted + an unnecessary amount of erudition to the refutation of this + obvious mistake. He shows that the name _solitaires_, as + applied to penguins by De Gama's companions, [I should have + said, 'by later compilers,'] is corrupted from _sotilicairos_, + which appears to be a Hottentot word." + +I may add, that Dr. Hamel shows Osorio's statement to be taken from +Castanheda, who is the earliest authority for the account of De Gama's +voyage. + +H.E. STRICKLAND. + + * * * * * + +BOHN'S EDITION OF MILTON. + +Mr. Editor,--I have just seen an article in your "NOTES AND QUERIES" +referring to my edition of Milton's prose works. It is stated that, in +my latest catalogue, the book is announced as _complete_ in 3 vols., +although the contrary appears to be the case, judging by the way in +which the third volume ends, the absence of an index, &c. + +In reply, I beg to say that the insertion of the word "complete," in +some of my catalogues, has taken place without my privity, and is now +expunged. The fourth volume has long been in preparation, but the +time of its appearance depends on the health and leisure of a prelate, +whose name I have no right to announce. Those gentlemen who have taken +the trouble to make direct inquiries on the subject, have always, I +believe, received an explicit answer. + +HENRY GEORGE BOHN. + +May 30. 1850. + + * * * * * + +UMBRELLAS. + +Although Dr. Rimbault's Query (Vol. i., p. 415.) as to the first +introduction of umbrellas into England, is to a certain extent +answered in the following number (p. 436.) by a quotation from Mr. +Cunningham's _Handbook_, a few additional remarks may, perhaps, be +deemed admissible. Hanway is there stated to have been "the first man +who ventured to walk the streets of London with one over his head," +and that after continuing its use nearly thirty years, he saw them +come into general use. As Hanway died in 1786, we may thus infer that +the introduction of umbrellas may be placed at about 1750. But it is, +I think, probable that their use must have been at least partially +known in London long before that period, judging from the following +extract from Gay's _Trivia, or Art of Walking the Streets of London_, +published 1712:-- + + "Good housewives all the winter's rage despise, + Defended by the ridinghood's disguise; + Or, underneath th' _umbrella's_ oily shade, + Safe through the wet on clinking pattens tread. + Let Persian dames the _umbrella's_ ribs display, + To guard their beauties from the sunny ray; + Or sweating slaves support the shady load, + When Eastern monarchs show their state abroad; + Britain in winter only knows its aid, + To guard from chilly showers the walking maid." + +Book i. lines 209-218. + +That it was, perhaps, an article of curiosity rather than use in the +middle of the seventeenth century, is evident in the fact of its being +mentioned in the "_Musaeum Tradescantianum, or Collection of Rarities_, +preserved at South Lambeth near London, by John Tradescant." 12mo. +1656. It occurs under the head of "Utensils," and is simply mentioned +as "_An Umbrella_." + +E.B. PRICE. + + [Mr. St. Croix has also referred Dr. Rimbault to Gay's + _Trivia_.] + + +Jonas Hanway the philanthropist is reputed first to have used an +"umbrella" in England. I am the more inclined to think it may be so, +as my own father, who was born in 1744, and lived to ninety-two years +of age, has told me the same thing, and he lived in the same parish as +Mr. Hanway, who resided in Red Lion Square. + +Mr. Hanway was born in 1712. + +J.W. + + +The introduction of this article of general convenience is attributed, +and I believe accurately so, to Jonas Hanway, the Eastern traveller, +who on his return to his native land rendered himself justly +celebrated by his practical benevolence. In a little book with a +long title, published in 1787, written by "_John Pugh_," I find +many curious anecdotes related of Hanway, and apropos of umbrellas, +in describing his dress Mr. Pugh says,--"When it rained, a small +parapluie defended his face and wig; thus he was always prepared +to enter into any company without impropriety, or the appearance of +neglect. And he (Hanway) was the first man who ventured to walk the +streets of London with an umbrella over his head: after carrying one +near thirty years, he saw them come into general use." Hanway died +1786. + +J.F. + + +As far as I remember, there is a portrait of Hanway with an umbrella +as a frontispiece to the book of Travels published by him about 1753, +in four vols. 4to.; and I have no doubt that he had used one in his +travels through Greece, Turkey, &c. + +T.G.L. + + +In the hall of my father's house, at Stamford in Lincolnshire, +there was, when I was a child, the wreck of a very large green silk +umbrella, apparently of Chinese manufacture, brought by my father from +Holland, somewhere between 1770 and 1780, and as I have often heard, +the first umbrella seen at Stamford. I well remember also an amusing +description given by the late Mr. Warry, so many years consul at +Smyrna, of the astonishment and envy of his mother's neighbours at +Sawbridgeworth, in Herts, where his father had a country-house, when +he ran home and came back with an umbrella, which he had just brought +from Leghorn, to shelter them from a pelting shower which detained +them in the church-porch, after the service, on one summer Sunday. +From Mr. Warry's age at the time he mentioned this, and other +circumstances in his history, I conjecture that it occurred not later +than 1775 or 1776. As Sawbridgeworth is so near London, it is evident +that even there umbrellas were at that time almost unknown. + +If I have "spun too long a yarn," the dates, at least, will not be +unacceptable to others like myself. + +G.C. RENOUARD. + +Swanscombe Rectory, May 1. + + +Dr. Jamieson was the first who introduced umbrellas to Glasgow in the +year 1782; he bought his in Paris. I remember very well when this took +place. At this time the umbrella was made of heavy wax cloth, with +cane ribs, and was a ponderous article. + +R.R. + + * * * * * + +EMANCIPATION OF THE JEWS. + +(VOL. I, PP. 474, 475.) + +From a scarce collection of pamphlets concerning the naturalisation +of the Jews in England, published in 1753, by Dean Tucker and others, +I beg to send the following extracts, which may be of some use in +replying to the inquiry (Vol. i., p. 401.) respecting the Jews during +the Commonwealth. + +Dean Tucker, in his _Second Letter to a Friend concerning +Naturalisation_, says (p. 29.):-- + + "The Jews having departed out of the realm in the year 1290, + or being expelled by the authority of parliament (it matters + not which), made no efforts to return till the Protectorship + of Oliver Cromwell; but this negotiation is known to have + proved unsuccessful. However, the affair was not dropped, for + the next application was to King Charles himself, then in his + exile at Bruges, as appears by a copy of a commission dated + the 24th of September, 1656, granted to Lt.-Gen. Middleton, to + treat with the Jews of Amsterdam:--'That whereas the Lt.-Gen. + had represented to his Majesty their good affection to him, + and disowned the application lately made to Cromwell in their + behalf by some persons of their nation, as absolutely without + their consent, the king empowers the Lt.-Gen. to treat with + them. That if in that conjunction they shall assist his + Majesty by any money, arms, or ammunition, they shall find, + when God should restore him, that he would extend that + protection to them which they could reasonably expect, and + abate that rigour of the law which was against them in his + several dominions, and repay them." + +This paper, Dean Tucker says, was found among the original papers of +Sir Edward Nicholas, Secretary of State to King Charles I. and II., +and was communicated to him by a learned and worthy friend. The Dean +goes on to remark, that the restoration of the royal family of the +Stuarts was attended with the return of the Jews into Great Britain; +and that Lord Chancellor Clarendon granted to many of them letters of +denization under the great seal. + +From another pamphlet in the same collection, entitled, _An Answer +to a Pamphlet entitled Considerations on the Bill to permit Persons +professing the Jewish Religion to be naturalized_, the following, is +an extract:-- + + "There is a curious anecdote of this affair," (about the Jews + thinking Oliver Cromwell to be the Messiah,) "in Raguenet's + _Histoire d'Oliver Cromwell_, which I will give the reader + at length. About the time Rabbi Manasseh Ben Israel came to + England to solicit the Jews' admission, the Asiatic Jews sent + hither the noted Rabbi Jacob Ben Azahel, with several others + of his nation, to make private inquiry whether Cromwell was + not that Messiah, whom they had so long expected. (Page 33.--I + leave the reader to judge what an accomplished villain he will + then be.) Which deputies upon their arrival pretending other + business, were several times indulging the favour of a private + audience from him, and at one of them proposed buying Hebrew + books and MSS. belonging to the University of _Cambridge_[4], + in order to have an opportunity, under pretence of viewing + them, to inquire amongst his relations, in Huntingdonshire, + where he was born, whether any of his ancestors could be + proved of Jewish extract. This project of theirs was very + readily agreed to (the University at that time being under a + cloud, on account of their former loyalty to the King), and + accordingly the ambassadors set forwards upon their journey. + But discovering by their much longer continuance at Huntingdon + than at Cambridge, that their business at the last place was + not such as was pretended, and by not making their enquiries + into Oliver's pedigree with that caution and secresy which was + necessary in such an affair, the true purpose of their errand + into England became quickly known at London, and was very much + talked of, which causing great scandal among the _Saints_, he + was forced suddenly to pack them out of the kingdom, without + granting any of their requests." + +J.M. + +[Footnote 4: Query: May not this be another version of the same story, +quoted by your correspondent, B.A., of Christ Church, Oxford, from +Monteith, (in Vol. i. p. 475.), of the Jews desiring to buy the +Library of _Oxford_?] + + * * * * * + + + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + + +_Wellington, Wyrwast, and Cokam_ (Vol. i., p. 401.).--The garrison in +Wellington was, no doubt, at the large house built by Sir John Topham +in that town, where the rebels, who had gained possession of it by +stratagem, held out for some time against the king's forces under +Sir Richard Grenville. The house, though of great strength, was much +damaged on that occasion, and shortly fell into ruin. Cokam probably +designates Colcombe Castle, a mansion of the Courtenays, near Colyton, +in Devonshire, which was occupied by a detachment of the king's troops +under Prince Maurice in 1644, but soon after fell into the hands of +the rebels. It is now in a state of ruin, but is in part occupied as a +farm-house. I am at a loss for _Wyrwast_, and should doubt the reading +of the MS. + +S.S.S. + + +_Sir William Skipwyth_ (Vol. i., p. 23.).--Mr. Foss will find some +notices of Will. Skipwyth in pp. 83, 84, 85, of _Rotulorum Pat. & +Claus. Cancellariae Hib. Calendarium_, printed in 1828. + +R.B. + +Trim, May 13. 1850. + + +_Dr. Johnson and Dr. Warton_ (Vol. i., p. 481.).--Mr. Markland is +probably right in his conjecture that Johnson had Warton's lines +in his memory; but the original source of the allusion to _Peru_ is +Boileau: + + "De tous les animaux + De Paris au _Perou_, du Japon jusqu'a Rome, + Le plus sot animal, a mon avis, c'est l'homme." + +Warton's Poems appeared in March, 1748. Johnson's _Vanity of Human +Wishes_ was published the 9th January, 1749, and was written probably +in December or November preceding. + +C. + + +_Worm of Lambton_ (Vol. i., p. 453.).--See its history and legend in +Surtees' _History of Durham_, vol. ii. p. 173., and a quarto tract +printed by Sir Cuthbert Sharp. + +G. + + +"A.C." is informed that there is an account of this "Worme" in _The +Bishoprick Garland_, published by the late Sir Cuthbert Sharpe in +1834; it is illustrated with a view of the Worm Hill, and a woodcut +of the knight thrusting his sword with great _nonchalance_ down the +throat of the Worme. Only 150 copies of the _Garland_ were printed. + +W.N. + + +_Shakspeare's Will_ (Vol. i., pp. 213, 386, 403, 461, and 469.).--I +fear if I were to adopt Mr. Bolton Corney's _tone_, we should +degenerate into polemics. I will therefore only reply to his +question, "_Have_ I wholly mistaken the whole _affair_?" by one +word, "_Undoubtedly_." The question raised was on an Irish edition of +Malone's _Shakspeare_. Mr. Bolton Corney reproved the querists for not +consulting original sources. It appears that Mr. Bolton Corney had not +himself consulted _the edition_ in question; and by his last letter +I am satisfied that he has not _even yet_ seen it: and it is not +surprising if, in these circumstances, he should have "_mistaken +the whole affair_." But as my last communication (Vol. i., p. 461.) +explains (as I am now satisfied) the blunder and its cause, I may take +my leave of the matter, only requesting Mr. Bolton Corney, if he still +doubts, to follow his own good precept, and look at _the original +edition_. + +C. + + +_Josias Ibach Stada_ (Vol. i., p. 452.).--In reply to G.E.N., I would +ask, is Mr. Hewitt correct in calling him Stada, an Italian artist? +I have no hesitation in saying that Stada here is no personal +appellation at all, but the name of a town. The inscription "_Fudit +Josias Ibach Stada Bremensis_" is to be read, Cast by Josias Ibach, +_of the town of Stada, in the duchy of Bremen_. All your readers, +particularly mercantile, will know the place well enough from the +discussions raised by Mr. Hutt, member for Gateshead, in the House +of Commons, on the oppressive duties levied there on all vessels and +their cargoes sailing past it up the Elbe; and to the year 1150 it was +the capital of an independent graffschaft, when it lapsed to Henry the +Lion. + +WILLIAM BELL. + + +_The Temple, or A Temple._--I have had an opportunity of seeing the +edition of Chaucer referred to by your correspondent P.H.F. (Vol. +i., p. 420.), and likewise several other black-letter editions (1523, +1561, 1587, 1598, 1602), and find that they all agree in reading "the +temple," which Caxton's edition also adopts. The general reading of +"temple" in the _modern_ editions, naturally induced me to suspect +that Tyrwhitt had made the alteration on the authority of the +manuscripts of the poem. Of these there are no less than ten in the +British Museum, all of which have been kindly examined for me. One +of these wants the prologue, and another that part of it in which the +line occurs; but in _seven_ of the remaining eight, the reading is-- + + "A gentil maunciple was ther of _a_ temple;" + +while _one_ only reads "the temple." The question, therefore, is +involved in the same doubt which I at first stated; for the subsequent +lines quoted by P.H.F. prove nothing more than that the person +described was a manciple in _some_ place of legal resort, which was +not disputed. + +EDWARD FOSS. + + +_Bawn_ (Vol. i., p. 440.).--If your Querist regarding a "Bawn" will +look into Macnevin's _Confiscation of Ulster_ (Duffy: Dublin, 1846, +p. 171. &c.), he will find that a Bawn must have been a sort of +court-yard, which might be used on emergency as a fortification +for defence. They were constructed either of _lime_ and _stone_, of +_stone_ and _clay_, or of _sods_, and twelve to fourteen feet high, +and sometimes inclosing a dwelling-house, and with the addition of +"flankers." + +W.C. TREVELYAN. + + +"_Heigh ho! says Rowley_" (Vol. i., p. 458.).--The burden of "_Heigh +ho! says Rowley_" is certainly _older_ than R.S.S. conjectures; I will +not say how much, but it occurs in a _jeu d'esprit_ of 1809, on the +installation of Lord Grenville, as Chancellor, at Oxford, as will be +shown by a stanza cited from memory:-- + + "Mr. Chinnery then, an M.A. of great parts, + Sang the praises of Chancellor Grenville. + Oh! he pleased all the ladies and tickled their hearts; + But, then, we all know he's a Master of Arts, + With his rowly powly, + Gammon and spinach, + Heigh ho! says Rowley." + +CHETHAMENSIS. + +Wimpole Street, May 11. 1850. + + +_Arabic Numerals_.--As your correspondent E.V. (Vol. i., p. 230.) +is desirous of obtaining any instance of Arabic numerals of early +occurrence, I would refer him, for one at least, to _Notices of the +Castle and Priory of Castleacre_, by the Rev. J.H. Bloom: London; +Richardson, 23. Cornhill, 1843. In this work it appears that by the +acumen of Dr. Murray, Bishop of Rochester, the date 1084 was found +impressed in the plaster of the wall of the priory in the following, +form:-- + + 1 + 4 x 8 + 0 + +The writer then goes on to show, that this was the regular order of +the letters to one crossing himself after the Romish fashion. + +E.S.T. + + +_Pusan_ (Vol. i., p. 440.)--May not the meaning be a collar in the +form of a serpent? In the old Roman de Blanchardin is this line:-- + + "Cy guer _pison_ tuit Apolin." + +Can _Iklynton_ again be the place where such an ornament was made? +Ickleton, in Cambridgeshire, appears to have been of some note in +former days, as, according to Lewis's _Topog. Hist._, a nunnery was +founded there by Henry II., and a market together with a fair granted +by Henry III. As it is only five miles from Linton, it may have +formerly borne the name of Ick-linton. + +C.I.R. + + +"_I'd preach as though_" (Vol. i., p. 415.).--The lines quoted by +Henry Martyn are said by Dr. Jenkyn (Introduction to a little vol. +of selections from Baxter--Nelson's _Puritan Divines_) to be Baxter's +"own immortal lines." Dr. J. quotes them thus:-- + + "I preached as never sure to preach again, + And as a dying man to dying men." + +ED. S. JACKSON. + + +May 18. + +"_Fools rush in_" (Vol. i., p. 348.).--The line in Pope, + + "For fools rush in where angels fear to tread," + +it has been long ago pointed out, is founded upon that of Shakspeare, + + "For wrens make wing where eagles dare not perch." + +I know not why that line of Pope is in your correspondent's list. It +is not a proverb. + +C.B. + + +_Allusion in Friar Brackley's Sermon_ (Vol. i., p. 351.)--It seems +vain to inquire who the persons were of whom stories were told in +medieval books, as if they were really historical. See the _Gesta +Romanorum_, for instance: or consider who the Greek king Aulix was, +having dealings with the king of Syria, in the 7th Story of the +_Novelle Antiche_. The passage in the sermon about a Greek king, seems +plainly to be still part of the extract from the _Liber Decalogorum_, +being in Latin. This book was perhaps the _Dialogi decem_, put into +print at Cologne in 1472: Brunet. + +C.B. + + +_Earwig_ (Vol. i., p. 383.).--This insect is very destructive to the +petals of some kinds of delicate flowers. May it not have acquired the +title of "couchbell" from its habit of couching or concealing itself +for rest at night and security from small birds, of which it is a +favourite food, in the pendent blossoms of bell-shaped flowers? This +habit is often fatal to it in the gardens of cottagers, who entrap it +by means of a lobster's claw suspended on an upright stick. + +S.S.S. + + +_Earwig_ (Vol. i., p. 383.).--In the north of England the earwig is +called _twitchbell_. I know not whether your correspondent is in error +as to its being called in Scotland the "coach-bell." I cannot afford +any explanation to either of these names. + +G. BOUCHIER RICHARDSON. + + +_Sir R. Haigh's Letter-book_ (Vol. i, p. 463.).--This is incorrect; no +such person is known. The baronet intended is _Sir Roger Bradshaigh, +of Haigh_; a very well-known person, whose funeral sermon was +preached by Wroe, the warden of Manchester Collegiate Church, locally +remembered as "silver-mouthed Wroe." + +This name is correctly given in Puttick and Simpson's Catalogue of +a Miscellaneous Sale on April 15, and it is to be _hoped_ that Sir +Roger's collection of letters, ranging from 1662 to 1676, _may have_ +fallen into the hands of the noble earl who represents him, the +present proprietor of Haigh. + +CHETHAMENSIS. + + +_Marescautia_ (Vol. i., p. 94.).--Your correspondent requests +some information as to the meaning of the word "marescautia." +_Mareschaucie_, in old French, means a stable. Pasquier (_Recherches +de la France_, l. viii. ch. 2.) says,-- + + "Pausanias disoit que Mark apud Celtas signifioit un cheual + ... je vous diray qu'en ancien langage allemant Mark se + prenoit pour un cheual." + +In ch. 54. he refers to another etymolygy of "marechal," from +"maire," or "maistre," and "cheval," "comme si on les eust voulu dire +maistre de la cheualerie." "Marechal" still signifies "a farrier." +_Marechaussee_ was the term applied down to the Revolution to the +jurisdiction of Nosseigneurs les Marechaux de France, whose orders +were enforced by a company of horse that patrolled the _high_ways, +la _chaussee_, generally raised above the level of the surrounding +country. Froissart applies the term to the Marshalsea prison in +London. In D.S.'s first entry there may, perhaps, be some allusion +to another meaning of the word, namely, that of "_march_, limit, +boundary." + +What the nature of the tenure per serjentiam marescautiae may be I am +not prepared to say. May it not have had some reference to the support +of the royal stud? + +J.B.D. + + +_Memoirs of an American Lady_ (Vol. i., p. 335.).--If this work cannot +now be got it is a great pity,--it ought to go down to posterity; a +more valuable or interesting account of a particular state of society +now quite extinct, can hardly be found. Instead of saying that "it is +the work of Mrs. Grant, the author of this and that," I should say of +her other books that they were written by the author of the _Memoirs +of an American Lady_. The character of the individual lady, her way +of keeping house on a large scale, the state of the domestic slaves, +threatened, as the only known punishment and most terrible to them, +with being sold to Jamaica; the customs of the young men at Albany, +their adventurous outset in life, their practice of robbing one +another in joke (like a curious story at Venice, in the story-book +called _Il Peccarone_, and having some connection with the stories of +the Spartan and Circassian youth), with much of natural scenery, are +told without pretension of style; but unluckily there is too much +interspersed relating to the author herself, then quite young. + +C.B. + + +_Poem by Sir E. Dyer_ (Vol. i., p. 355.).--"My mind to me," &c. +Neither the births of Breton nor Sir Edward Dyer seem to be known; +nor, consequently, how much older the one was than the other. Mr. S., +I conclude, could not mean much older than Breton's tract, mentioned +in Vol. i., p. 302. The poem is not in England's _Helicon_. The +ballad, as in Percy, has four stanzas more than the present copy, and +one stanza less. Some of the readings in Percy are better, that is, +more probable than the new ones. + + "I see how plenty _surfeits_ oft."--_P._ + suffers.--_Var._ + + "I grudge not at another's _gain_".--_P._ + pain.--_Var._ + + "No worldly _wave_ my mind can toss."--_P._ + wants.--_Var._ + +These seem to me to be stupid mistranscriptions. + + "I brook that is another's pain."--_P._ + "My state at one doth still remain."--_Var._ + +Probably altered on account of the slight obscurity; and possibly a +different edition by the author himself. + + "They beg, I give, + They lack, I _lend_."--_P._ + leave.--_Var._ + +In this verse, + + "I fear no foe, I _scorn_ no friend."--_P._ + fawn.--_Var._ + +I think the new copy better. + + "To none of these I yield as thrall, + For why my mind _despiseth_ all."--_P._ + doth serve for.--_Var._ + +The var. much better. + +In this-- + + "I never seek by bribes to please, + Nor by _dessert_ to give offence."--_P._ + deceit.--_Var._ + +I cannot understand either. + +So very beautiful and popular a song it would be well worth getting in +the true version. + +C.B. + + +_Monumental Brasses_.--In reply to S.S.S. (Vol. i., p. 405.), I beg to +inform him that the "small dog with a collar and bells" is a device of +very common occurrence on brasses of the fifteenth and latter part of +the fourteenth centuries. The Rev. C. Boutell's _Monumental Brasses of +England_ contains engravings of no less than twenty-three on which it +is to be found; as well as two examples without the usual appendages +of collar, &c. In addition to these, the same work contains etchings +of the following brasses:--Gunby, Lincoln., two dogs with plain +collars at the bottom of the lady's mantle, 1405. Dartmouth, Devon., +1403. Each of the ladies here depicted has two dogs with collars and +bells at her feet. + +The same peculiarities are exemplified on brasses at Harpham, York., +1420; and Spilsby, Lincoln., 1391. I will not further multiply +instances, as my own collection of rubbings would enable me to do. I +should, however, observe, that the hypothesis of S.S.S. (as to "these +figures" being "the private mark of the artist") is untenable: since +the twenty-three examples above alluded to are scattered over sixteen +different counties, as distant from each other as Yorkshire and +Sussex. Two examples are well known, in which the dog so represented +was a favourite animal:--Deerhurst, Gloc., 1400, with the name, +"Terri," inscribed; and Ingham, Norfolk, 1438, with the name "Jakke." +This latter brass is now lost, but an impression is preserved in the +British Museum. The customary explanation seems to me sufficient: that +the dog was intended to symbolise the fidelity and attachment of the +lady to her lord and master, as the lion at _his_ feet represented his +courage and noble qualities. + +W. SPARROW SIMPSON. + +Queen's College, Cambridge, April 22. 1850. + + +_Fenkle Street_.--A street so called in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, lying in +a part of the town formerly much occupied by garden ground, and _in +the immediate vicinity of the house of the Dominican Friars there_. +Also, a way or passage inside the town wall, and leading between that +fortification and the _house of the Carmelites or White Friars_, was +anciently called by the same name. The name of _Fenkle_ or _Finkle +Street_ occurs in several old towns in the North, as Alnwick, +Richmond, York, Kendal, &c. _Fenol_ and _finugl_, as also _finul_, are +Saxon words for _fennel_; which, it is very probable, has in some way +or other given rise to this name. May not the _monastic institutions_ +have used fennel extensively in their culinary preparations, and thus +planted it in so great quantities as to have induced the naming of +localities therefrom? I remember a portion of the ramparts of the +town used to be called _Wormwood Hill_, from a like circumstance. In +Hawkesworth's _Voyages_, ii. 8., I find it stated that the town of +Funchala, on the island of Madeira, derives its name from _Funcko_, +the Portuguese name for _fennel_, which grows in great plenty upon the +neighbouring rocks. The priory of Finchale (from _Finkel_), upon the +Wear, probably has a similar origin; _sed qu._ + +G. BOUCHIER RICHARDSON. + +Newcastle-upon-Tyne, May 12. 1850. + + +_Christian Captives_ (Vol. i., p. 441.)--In reply to your +correspondent R.W.B., I find in the papers published by the Norfolk +and Norwich Archaeological Society, vol. i. p. 98., the following +entries extracted from the Parish Registers of Great Dunham, +Norfolk:-- + + "December, 1670. + L s. d. +Collected for the redemption of y'e English + Captives out of Turkish bondage 04 05 06 + +Feb. 13. p'd the same to M'r. Swift, Minister + of Milcham, by the Bhps appointm't. + + October, 1680. +Collected towards the redemption of English + Captives out of their slavery and + bondage in Algiers 3 16 0 + +Which sum was sent to Mr. Nicholas Browne, Registrar under Dr. +Connant, Archdeacon of Norwich, Octr. 2d. 1680." + +Probably similar entries will be found in other registers of the same +date, as the collections appear to have been made by special mandate, +and paid into the hands of the proper authorities. + +E.S.T. + + +_Passage in Gibbon_ (Vol. i., p. 348.).--The passage in Gibbon I +should have thought was well known to be taken from what Clarendon +says of Hampden, and which Lord Nugent says in his preface to +_Hampden's Life_ had before been said of Cinna. Gibbon must either +have meant to put inverted commas, or at least to have intended to +take nobody in. + +C.B. + + +_Borrowed Thoughts_ (Vol. i., p. 482.)--_La fameuse_ La Galisse is an +error. The French pleasantly records the exploits of the celebrated +_Monsieur_ de la Galisse. Many of Goldsmith's lighter poems are +borrowed from the French. + +C. + + +_Sapcote Motto_ (Vol. i., pp. 366. and 476.).--Taking for granted that +solutions of the "Sapcote Motto" are scarce, I send you what seems to +me something nearer the truth than the arbitrary and unsatisfactory +translation of T.C. (Vol. i, p. 476.). + +The motto stands thus:-- + + "sco toot x vinic [or umic] + x poncs." + +Adopting T.C.'s suggestion that the initial and final _s_ are mere +flourishes (though that makes little difference), and also his +supposition that _c_ may have been used for _s_, and as I fancy, not +unreasonably conjecturing that the x is intended for _dis_, which +is something like the pronunciation of the numeral X, we may then +take the _entire_ motto, without garbling it, and have sounds +representing _que toute disunis dispenses_; which, grammatically and +orthographically corrected, would read literally "all disunions cost," +or "destroy," the equivalent of our "Union is strength." The motto, +with the arms, three dove-cotes, is admirably suggestive of family +union. + +W.C. + + +_Lines attributed to Lord Palmerston_ (Vol. i., p. 382.).--These lines +have also been attributed to Mason. + +S.S.S. + + +_Shipster_ (Vol. i., p. 339.).--That "ster" is a feminine termination +is the notion of Tyrwhitt in a note upon Hoppesteris in a passage of +Chaucer (_Knight's Tale_, l. 2019.); but to ignorant persons it seems +not very probable. "Maltster," surely, is not feminine, still less +"whipster;" "dempster," Scotch, is a judge. Sempstress has another +termination on purpose to make it feminine. + +I wish we had a dictionary, like that of Hoogeven for Greek, arranging +words according to their terminations. + +C.B. + + * * * * * + + + +MISCELLANIES. + + +_Blue Boar Inn, Holborn_.--The reviewer in the last "Quarterly" of Mr. +Cunningham's _Handbook for London_, makes an error in reference to the +extract from Morrice's _Life of Lord Orrery_, given by Mr. Cunningham +under the head of "Blue Boar Inn, Holborn," and transcribed by the +reviewer (_Qu. Rev._ vol. lxxxvi., p. 474.). Morrice, Lord Orrery's +biographer, relates a story which he says Lord Orrery had told him, +that he had been told by Cromwell and Ireton of their intercepting a +letter from Charles I. to his wife, which was sewn up in the skirt +of a saddle. The story may or may not be true; this authority for it +is not first-rate. The Quarterly reviewer, in transcribing from Mr. +Cunningham's book the passage in Morrice's _Life of Lord Orrery_, +introduces it by saying,--"Cromwell, in a letter to Lord Broghill, +narrates circumstantially how he and Ireton intercept, &c." This is +a mistake; there is no letter from Cromwell to Lord Broghill on the +subject. (Lord Broghill was Earl of Orrery after the Restoration.) +Such a letter would be excellent authority for the story. The mistake, +which is the Quarterly reviewer's, and not Mr. Cunningham's, is of +some importance. + +C.H. + + +_Lady Morgan and Curry_.--An anecdote in the last number of the +_Quarterly Review_, p. 477., "this is the first set down you have +given me to-day," reminds me of an incident in Dublin society +some quarter of a century ago or more. The good-humoured and +accomplished--Curry (shame to me to have forgotten his christened name +for the moment!) had been engaged in a contest of wit with Lady Morgan +and another female _celebrite_, in which Curry had rather the worst +of it. It was the fashion then for ladies to wear very short sleeves; +and Lady Morgan, albeit not a young woman, with true provincial +exaggeration, wore none, a mere strap over her shoulders. Curry was +walking away from her little coterie, when she called out, "Ah! come +back Mr. Curry, and acknowledge that you are fairly beaten." "At any +rate," said he, turning round, "I have this consolation, you can't +laugh at me in your sleeve!" + +SCOTUS. + + +_Sir Walter Scott and Erasmus_.--Has it yet been noticed that the +picture of German manners in the middle ages given by Sir W. Scott, in +his _Anne of Geierstein_ (chap. xix.), is taken (in some parts almost +verbally) from Erasmus' dialogue, _Diversoria_? Although Sir Walter +mentions Erasmus at the beginning of the chapter, he is totally silent +as to any hints he may have got from him; neither do the notes to my +copy of his works at all allude to this circumstance. + +W.G.S. + + +_Parallel Passages_.--A correspondent in Vol. i., p. 330, quoted some +parallels to a passage in Shakspeare's _Julius Caesar_. Will you allow +me to add another, I think even more striking than those he cited. The +full passage in Shakspeare is, + + "There is a tide in the affairs of man, + Which taken at the flood leads on to fortune. + Omitted, all the voyage of their lives + Is bound in shallows and in miseries." + +In Bacon's _Advancement of Learning_, book 2, occurs the following:-- + + "In the third place, I set down reputation because of the + peremptory tides and currents it hath, which, if they be not + taken in due time, are seldom recovered, it being extreme hard + to play an after game of reputation." + +E.L.N. + + +_Gray's Ode_.--In return for the information about Gray's _Ode_, I +send an entertaining and very characteristic circumstance told in Mrs. +Bigg's (anonymous) _Residence in France_ (edited by Gifford):-- + + "She had a copy of Gray when she was arrested in the Reign + of Terror. The Jacobins who searched her goods lighted on the + line-- + + 'Oh, tu severi religio loci,' + + and said, 'Apparemment ce livre est quelque chose de + fanatique.'" + +My informant tells me that the monk he saw was the same as the one +mentioned by your correspondent, and that he had a motto from Lord +Bacon over his cell. + +C.B. + + +_The Grand Style_.--Is it not extremely probable that Bonaparte +plagiarised the idea of the centuries observing the French army from +the pyramids from these lines of Lucan?-- + + "_Saecula_ Romanos nunquam tacitura labore, _Attendunt, + oevumque sequens speculatur_ ab omni Orbe ratem."--_Phars._ + viii. 622. + +One of the recent French revolutionists (I think Rollin) compared +himself with the victim of Calvary. Even this profane rant is a +plagiarism. Gracchus Baboeuf, who headed the extreme republican party +against the Directory, exclaimed, on his trial, that his wife, and +those of his fellow-conspirators, "should accompany them _even to +Calvary_, because the cause of their punishment should not bring them +to shame."--_Mignet's French Revolution_, chap. xii. + +J.F. BOYES. + + +_Hoppesteris_.--The "shippis _hoppesteris_," in Chaucer's _Knight's +Tale_, 2019., is explained by Tyrwhitt to mean _dancing_, and that in +the feminine--a very odd epithet. He tells us that the corresponding +epithet in Boccaccio is _bellatrici_. I have no doubt that Chaucer +mistook it for _ballatrici_. + +C.B. + + +_Sheridan's Last Residence_ (Vol. i., p. 484.).--I wonder at any doubt +about poor Sheridan's having died in his own house, 17. Saville Row. +His remains, indeed, were removed (I believe for prudential reasons +which I need not specify) to Mr. Peter Moore's, in Great George +Street; but he was never more than a temporary, though frequent +visitor at Mr. Moore's. + +C. + + * * * * * + + + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, ETC. + + +The Devices and Mottoes of the later Middle Ages (_Die Devisen und +Motto des Spaeteren Mittelalters, von J.V. Radowitz_), just imported +by Messrs. Williams and Norgate, is one of those little volumes which +such of our readers as are interested in the subject to which it +relates should make a note of. They will, in addition to many novel +instances of Devices, Mottoes, Emblems, &c., find much curious +learning upon the subjects, and many useful bibliographical +references. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson still sell, on Saturday next, the very +beautiful collection of Oriental Manuscripts of the late Dr. Scott; +on Monday and Tuesday, his Medical Library; on Wednesday, his +valuable Collection of Music; and on Thursday, his Philosophical and +Mathematical Instruments, Fire-arms, and other miscellaneous objects +of interest. + +We have received the following catalogues:--John Petheram's (94. High +Holborn) Catalogue, Part CXII., No. 6. for 1850 of Old and New Books; +W.S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) Fifty-Seventh +Catalogue of Cheap Second-hand Books, English and Foreign; James +Sage's (4. Newman's Row, Lincoln's Inn Fields) Miscellaneous List of +Valuable and Interesting Books; Edward Stibbs' (331. Strand) Catalogue +of Miscellaneous Collection of Books, comprising Voyages, Travels, +Biography, History, Poetry, Drama, &c. + + * * * * * + + + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + + +INDEX AND TITLE-PAGE TO VOLUME THE FIRST. _The Index is preparing as +rapidly as can be, consistently with fullness and accuracy, and we +hope to have that and the Title page ready by the 15th of the Month._ + +_Covers for the First Volume are preparing, and will be ready for +Subscribers with the Title-Page and Index._ + + * * * * * + + + + +NEW WORKS IN GENERAL LITERATURE. + + * * * * * + +I. + +MEMOIRS OF THE DUKES OF URBINO (1440 to 1630). By JAMES DENNISTOUN, of +Dennistoun. With numerous Portraits, Plates, Facsimiles, and Woodcuts. +3 vols. square crown 8vo. 2l. 8s. + + +II. + +SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY. From "The Spectator". With Notes, &c., by W.H. +WILLIS and Twelve fine Woodcuts from drawings by F. TAYLER. 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RICH'S ILLUSTRATED COMPANION to the LATIN DICTIONARY and GREEK +LEXICON. With about 2,000 Woodcuts, from the Antique. Post 8vo. 21s. + + +X. + +MAUNDER'S TREASURY OF KNOWLEDGE and LIBRARY of REFERENCE: a Compendium +of Universal Knowledge. New Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 10s.; bound 12s. + + +XI. + +MAUNDER'S BIOGRAPHICAL TREASURY; a New Dictionary of Ancient and +Modern Biography; comprising about 12,000 Memoirs. New Edition, with +Supplement. Fcap. 8vo. 10s. bound, 12s. + + +XII. + +MAUNDER'S SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY TREASURY: a copious portable +Encyclopaedia of Science and the Belles Lettres. New Edition. Fcap. +8vo. 10s.; bound, 12s. + + +XIII. + +MAUNDER'S HISTORICAL TREASURY: comprising an Outline of General +History, and a separate History of every Nation. New Edition. Fcap. +8vo. 10s. bound, 12s. + + +XIV. + +MAUNDER'S TREASURY OF NATURAL HISTORY, or, a Popular Dictionary of +Animated Nature. New Edition; with 900 Woodcuts. 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C.C. +SOUTHEY, M.A., with Portraits and Landscape Illustrations. 6 vols. +post 8vo. 63s. + + * * * * * + +LONDON: + +LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. +New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; +and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish +of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. +186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 8. 1850. + + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 32, June 8, +1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER *** + +***** This file should be named 15996.txt or 15996.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/9/9/15996/ + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon +Ingram, William Flis, and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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