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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: A Minniature ov Inglish Orthoggraphy + +Author: James Elphinston + +Release Date: May 25, 2005 [EBook #15901] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INGLISH ORTHOGGRAPHY *** + + + + +Produced by David Starner, Keith Edkins and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + + +</pre> + +<h3>A<br /> +MINNIATURE<br /> +OV<br /> +<i>INGLISH ORTHOGGRAPHY</i>.</h3> + + <br clear="all" /> +<hr /> + +<h3> +TO'<br /> +DHEIR ROYAL HIGHNESSES,<br /> +DHE PRINCE AND PRINCES<br /> +<i>OV WALES</i>;<br /> +DHE DUKE AND DUTCHES<br /> +<i>OV YORK</i>:<br /> +ONNORED AZ UNDOUTED<br /> +PATRONS AND PATTERNS<br /> +OV EVVERY PROPRIETY:<br /> +DHIS MINNIATURE</h3> + +<h2>Ov Inglish Orthoggraphy,</h2> + +<h3><i>UMBLY HOPES UNIVERSAL ACCEPTANCE;</i><br /> +FROM DHE BENIGN PERMISSION<br /> +OV BEING SO INSCRIBED,<br /> +BY DHEIR ROYAL HIGHNESSES<br /> +DEVOTED SERVANT,<br /> +<i>James Elphinston</i>.</h3> + + <br clear="all" /> +<hr /> + +<h3>A<br /> +MINNIATURE<br /> +OV</h3> + +<h2>Inglish Orthoggraphy:</h2> + +<h3>DEDDICATED TO'<br /> +<i>DHE PRINCE AND PRINCES OF WALES</i>,<br /> +DHE DUKE AND DUTCHES OV YORK:</h3> + + <br clear="all" /> +<hr /> + +<h3>BY JAMES ELPHINSTON.</h3> + + <br clear="all" /> +<hr /> + +<h3><i>LONDON</i>:</h3> + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 2em;"><font class="sc">Sold</font> (Price 1 Shilling and 6 Pence) <font class="sc">by</font><br /> +<font class="sc">w. ritchardson, royal exchainge; t. boosey, n. 4,</font><br /> +<font class="sc">braud-street, dhare; f. and c. rivvington,</font><br /> +<font class="sc">n. 62; st. pauls churchyard; j. deighton,</font><br /> +<font class="sc">n. 325, holborn; w. clark,</font><br /> +<font class="sc">n. 38, bond-street.</font></p> + + <br clear="all" /> +<hr /> + +<h3>1795.</h3> + + <br clear="all" /> +<hr /> + +<h3>CONTENTS.</h3> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>1. <a href="#s1"><i>Introduccion</i></a></p> + <p>2. <a href="#s2"><i>Orthoggraphy ascertained in dhe vowels, and dheir serviles</i></a></p> + <p>3. <a href="#s3"><i>Vocal substitucion, licenced and licencious</i></a></p> + <p>4. <a href="#s4"><i>Ov open and shut vowels</i></a></p> + <p>5. <a href="#s5"><i>Ov dhe aspirates and dheir insertives</i></a></p> + <p>6. <a href="#s6"><i>Ov redundant serviles</i></a></p> + <p>7. <a href="#s7"><i>Ov impracticabel articulacion</i></a></p> + <p>8. <a href="#s8"><i>Ov false aspiracion</i></a></p> + <p>9. <a href="#s9"><i>Dhe guttural aspirate lost, or transmuted by moddern organs</i></a></p> + <p>10. <a href="#s10"><i>Old </i>R<i> aspirate</i></a></p> + <p>11. <a href="#s11"><i>Oddher antiquated idellers</i></a></p> + <p>12. <a href="#s12"><i>Final fantoms, or dubblers ov final forms</i></a></p> + <p>13. <a href="#s13"><i>Oddher falsifiers, medial or final; licquids or sibbilants; particcularly </i><font class="sc">ti</font><i> for a sibbilacion</i></a></p> + <p>14. <a href="#s14"><i>Dhe orthoggraphy ov propper names</i></a></p> + <p>15. <a href="#s15"><i>Dhe fundamental principel ov orthoggraphy</i></a></p> + <p>16. <a href="#s16"><i>The orthographic riddle</i></a></p> + </div> + </div> + <br clear="all" /> +<hr /> + +<h2>A<br /> +MINNIATURE<br /> +OV<br /> +<i>INGLISH ORTHOGGRAPHY.</i></h2> + + <p><a name="s1"></a></p> + +<h3>1. INTRODUCTION.</h3> + + <p>Hwen evvery oddher language, and at last our own, haz been reduced to' + science; rendered accountabel to' natives, and accessibel to' straingers; + hwence iz it, dhat our practice, growing daily more a contrast dhan an + exemplificacion ov our theory, tempts ignorance to' speak, az blind + habbit spels; raddher dhan to' dream ov spelling, az propriety exhibbits + her unremitted harmony, hweddher in word or writing? For propriety, + hwarevver herd, can be seen onely in her picture: nor can dhis be duly + drawn, but from dhe oridginal; or dhe likenes long prezerved, in dhe + coppies ov vulgarrity.</p> + + <p>Scarce creddibel doz it seem, to' dhe anallogists ov oddher diccions, + dhat hiddherto', in Inglish exhibiscion, evvery vowel and evvery + consonant ar almoast az often falsifiers az immages ov dhe truith. + Hetteroggraphy indeed, or false litterary picture, can arize onely from + won, or a combinacion, ov foar cauzes: redundance, defiscience; + mischoice, or misarraingement.</p> + + <br clear="all" /> +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><a name="s2"></a></p> + +<h3>2. ORTHOGGRAPHY ASCERTAINED IN DHE VOWELS, AND DHEIR SERVILES.</h3> + + <p>It iz not now new, dhat evvery Inglish vowel haz, not onely a longuer + and shorter, but even a different sound, az open or shut by a consonant; + dho <i>A braud</i>, open and shut, differ but in quantity. Nor iz it yet + a secret, dhat certain mutes, or silent letters, (espescially vocal + quiescents,) ar named <i>serviles</i>; rendering essencial az vizzibel + service, boath to' vowels and consonants. Hware such gards ar wanted, + dhey doutles wil attend; and, hwen dhey proov superfluous, az reddily + widhdraw. Dhus dhe open vowel ov dhe simpel shuts, and dhe serviles + vannish, in dhe penultimate ov dhe compound: <i>shake</i>, + <i>Shakspear</i>; <i>chear</i>, <i>cherfool</i>; <i>vine</i>, + <i>vinyard</i>, and dhe like. So formatives: <i>stare</i> and + <i>stair</i>, <i>starling</i>; <i>steer</i>, <i>sterling</i>; + <i>shere</i>, <i>sherrif</i>; <i>child</i>, <i>children</i>; <i>kind</i>, + <i>kindred</i>; <i>know</i>, <i>knollege</i>; and dhe rest.</p> + + <p>Evvery open ear must allow dhe aspiracion (<i>h</i>) to' articculate + iniscially dhe braud vocal licquid (<i>w</i>); nor longuer imadgine dhat + <i>wh</i>, apparent, can becom <i>hw</i> real; or dhat <i>what</i>, + <i>whale</i>, <i>wheels</i>, can rascionally paint dhe power ov + <i>hwat</i>, <i>hwale</i>, <i>hweels</i>. Dhe braud licquid (<i>w</i>) + haz no place in <i>hoal</i>, total; or in <i>hore</i>, prostitute; + distinct alike, to' dhe eye, from <i>hole</i> and <i>hoar</i>. But + <i>wh</i>, iniscial, may wel prommise <i>hw</i>; if <i>le</i> and + <i>re</i>, boath final, may picture <i>el</i> and <i>er</i>: az we + admire, not onely on dhe <i>little theatre</i>, but in dhe <i>centre</i> + ov dhe <i>battle</i>! Dho a tutch ov Rezons wand wil restore dhe buty ov + truith; at wonce to' dhe <i>littel theater</i>, and to' dhe <i>center</i> + ov dhe <i>battel</i>; az such buty beamed in dhe former century.</p> + + <p>Dhe French <i>table</i>, <i>chambre</i>, <i>ancien</i>, <i>danger</i>, + ar dhe unexcepcionabel parents ov dhe Inglilh <i>tabel</i>, + <i>chaimber</i>, <i>aincient</i>, <i>dainger</i>; hoo ar too apt + scollars, not to' lern from parental exampel, to' show dhemselvs hwat + dhey ar; widhout wondering, dhat won tung iz not anoddher, or dhat each + must hav her own essence and semblance; and dhat in ours, az in oddher + picturage, <i>an open vowel must not appear a shut won</i>. Indispensabel + dhen az dhe servile (<i>i</i>) in dhe three last exampels, iz it in + <i>aingel</i>, dho inadmissibel in <i>angellic</i>; in evvery + <i>ainge</i> and <i>ainger</i>, like <i>rainge</i> and <i>rainger</i>; az + wel az in <i>caimbric</i> and <i>Caimbridge</i>; dho nedher in <i>Cam</i> + nor <i>Cambray</i>.</p> + + <p>If <i>a</i> slender, open, must hav in such case its gardian; <i>a</i> + slender, even shut, hwen protracted, requires its protracting aspiracion + (<i>h</i>): az in <i>ah! Mahlah</i>; so in <i>Pahtric</i>, + <i>fahdher</i>, <i>pappah</i>, <i>mammah</i>, and <i>ahnt</i>; so + distinct (dho safe enuf ungarded) from <i>ant</i> dhe emmet. But + <i>gahp</i>, herd, iz dhus no longuer seen <i>gape</i>. <i>Hant</i>, + <i>hanch</i>, and dheir fellows, admit not dhe braudener; hwich iz + indispensabel to' <i>wrauth, wauter</i>, and <i>vauz</i>; nor need dhe + protracting aspirer, more dhan doo <i>chant</i> and <i>branch</i>.</p> + + <p><i>O</i> must hav its own medial servant, to' ascertain its opennes; + in <i>poark</i>, <i>poart</i>, <i>spoart</i>, <i>foart</i>, <i>foard</i>, + <i>goard</i>, <i>soard</i>, (wonce <i>sword</i>), <i>foarth</i>, + <i>foarce</i>, <i>foarge</i>; <i>boast</i>, <i>coast</i>, <i>goast</i>, + <i>moast</i>, <i>poast</i>, and <i>boath</i>; justly az in dhe annimal + <i>boar</i>, in <i>board</i>, <i>boast</i>, and dheir fellows; dho + <i>slow</i> gender <i>slowth</i>, reggularly, az <i>grow, growth</i>. + Widh <i>poart</i> and <i>poast</i>, <i>poartal</i>, <i>poarter</i>; + <i>poastage</i>, and dhe like.</p> + + <p>Better no attendant, dhan a false won. <i>O</i> direct (dhe common + <i>o</i>) can nedher assume <i>o</i>, dhe servile ov <i>o</i> depressive + (<i>oo</i>); nor <i>u</i>, hwich wood seem its partner in a dipthong. + <i>Doar</i>, <i>floar</i>, and <i>moar</i>, ar dhus reggular and safe; + <i>dore</i>, <i>flore</i>, and <i>more</i>, widh equivvalent servile, + leve <i>more</i> coincident; yet compounds prefer dhe final servile: az + <i>batteldore</i>,<a name="NtA_1" href="#Nt_1"><sup>[1]</sup></a> + <i>Blacmore</i>, <i>Hwitmore</i>; and <i>Strathmore</i>, scottishly + strong on dhe latter syllabel.</p> + + <p><i>Soll</i>, spirrit, avoids occular union widh <i>sole</i>, alike, + and <i>soal</i>: by adopting dhe servile ov <i>poll</i>, <i>boll</i>, + <i>toll</i>, <i>roll</i> (widh <i>controll</i>,) <i>scroll</i>, and + <i>droll</i>. Like dipthongal dainger precludes <i>u</i> from dhe servile + funccion, duly undertaken by <i>a</i> in <i>soar</i>, <i>moarn</i>, + <i>boarn</i>, distinct from <i>boren</i> or <i>bor'n</i>, dhe compannion + ov <i>woren</i> or <i>wor'n</i>, <i>sworen</i> or <i>swor'n</i>, + <i>toren</i> or <i>tor'n</i>, <i>shoren</i> or <i>shor'n</i>, and clear, + az open and shut, ov <i>born</i>; in <i>coart</i>, <i>goard</i>, + <i>coarse</i>, and <i>soarce</i>. <i>Coarce</i>, dhe ded <i>boddy</i>, + dies no more in <i>corpse</i>; hwen dhus <i>boren</i> decently to' + interment. Dhis precaution suffers <i>o</i> open, to' understand or omit, + dhe servile before <i>l</i> and anny oddher consonant: az in <i>old + colt</i>, wonce seen and herd <i>ould coult</i>. If <i>old colt</i> now + suffice, <i>oald coalt</i> iz understood. For dhis rezon, <i>goald</i> + must no longuer be robbed ov its depressive servile, wonce legally seen + in <i>gould</i>. <i>Au</i>, widh les plea, suppresses its servile in like + sittuacion; az <i>salt</i> and <i>alder</i>; except in dhe singuel + <i>assault</i>! <i>saut</i> and <i>vaut</i> being, now, duly out ov dhe + question.</p> + + <p>If <i>ou</i> cannot now paint <i>o</i> direct, much les can it picture + <i>o</i> depressive (<i>oo</i>); in <i>you</i>, <i>youth</i>, + <i>uncouth</i>; <i>should</i>, <i>would</i>, or <i>could</i>: for + <i>yoo</i>, <i>yooth</i>, <i>uncooth</i>; <i>shood</i>, <i>wood</i>, or + <i>cood</i>. Hwen <i>ou</i> Inglish transferred its equivvalence from dhe + French <i>ou</i> to' dhe German <i>au</i>, hwich compounds <i>a</i> + braud, widh <i>o</i> depressive (<i>au</i> widh <i>oo</i>); az itself + cood no more be frenchly interchaingeabel widh <i>oo</i>; nedher ov its + parts waz more likely to' becom so. <i>Do</i> or <i>who</i> can no more + dhan <i>doe</i> or <i>hoe</i>, (boath better employed!) or dhan + <i>shoe</i>, <i>canoe</i>, <i>lose</i>, <i>move</i>, <i>prove</i>, + <i>behove</i>; <i>Rome</i>, <i>Coke</i>, <i>Pole</i>, or simmilar; + prezent dhe prezzent <i>doo</i>, <i>hoo</i>, <i>shoo</i>, <i>canoo</i>, + <i>looz</i>, <i>moov</i>, <i>proov</i>, <i>behoov</i>, <i>Room</i>, + <i>Cook</i>, <i>Pool</i>, or dhe like: for truith fears notthing from + coincidence ov sound, and falsehood always leads astray. <i>B</i> may + distinctively open dhe vowel, in <i>climb</i> and <i>comb</i>; but cannot + render it also depressive in <i>comb</i>, <i>tomb</i>, <i>bomb</i>, and + <i>womb</i>; for <i>coomb</i>, <i>toomb</i>, <i>boomb</i>, and + <i>woomb</i>. Hwatevver <i>u</i> may hav been in Lattin vocallity, dhat + figgure cannot guiv <i>oo</i>, even open, in Inglish; far les <i>oo</i> + shut, in <i>pull</i>, <i>bull</i>, <i>full</i>; <i>butcher</i>, + <i>put</i>, <i>pudding</i>, <i>puss</i>, <i>push</i>, <i>bush</i>; + <i>bushel</i>, <i>cushion</i>; for <i>pool</i>, <i>bool</i>, <i>fool</i>, + <i>bootcher</i>, <i>poot</i>, <i>poodding</i>, <i>poose</i>, + <i>poosh</i>, <i>boosh</i>, <i>booshel</i>, and <i>coossion</i>: in all + ov hwich, dhe <i>oo</i> iz doutles short az shut; and distinct az + <i>foolling</i> and <i>fooling</i>. If <i>u</i> cannot prommise <i>oo</i> + shut, no more can <i>oo</i> proxy <i>u</i> shut, in dhe singuel + <i>foot</i> for <i>fut</i>. No servile can attend a shut vowel; and + <i>truith</i> must hav her own, like <i>suit</i> and <i>fruit</i>: in dhe + French <i>bruit</i> it iz also distinctive. Alreddy hav we seen <i>o</i> + direct disguized, no les dhan <i>o</i> depressive; and can we longuer + bair dhe Gallic <i>beau</i>, for dhe Brittish <i>boe</i>; more dhan dhe + dubble falsifier <i>beauty</i>, for dhe Inglish <i>buty</i>, dhe sweet + compannion ov <i>duty</i>?</p> + + <p><i>Sew</i>, <i>shew</i>, and <i>strew</i>, wer dhe preddecessors, so + cannot be dhe identities, ov <i>soe</i>, <i>show</i>, and <i>strow</i>: + dhe first dhus occularly clear ov <i>sow</i>, so different verb and noun! + dhe latter, distinct to' dhe ear by dhe dipthong, hwich also + distinguishes <i>slough</i>, no more swallowing <i>sluf</i>: <i>toe</i> + and <i>tow</i> (no more jostling widh <i>tough</i>, now <i>tuf</i>), + <i>doe</i> and <i>dough</i>, <i>floe</i> and <i>flow</i>, being + respective coincidents; clear indeed to' dhe eye, boath ov boddy and + mind. <i>Ow</i> final iz dipthongal in <i>how</i>, <i>now</i>! <i>bow</i> + bend; <i>cow</i>, noun or verb; <i>sow</i>, the noun; in <i>vow</i>, verb + or noun; and in <i>allow</i>, <i>endow</i>. Dhe dipthong distinguishes + also <i>slough</i>, <i>plough</i>, and <i>bough</i> branch. <i>O</i> + remains merely simpel in <i>dough</i>, az if <i>dow</i>. <i>Bo!</i> or + <i>boh!</i> interjeccion, coincides widh <i>boe</i> and <i>bow</i>, boath + nouns: dhe latter leving dhe dipthong to' dhe verb, or its accion, hwence + dhe ball derives it in <i>bowl</i>; dhe open vowel distinguishing dhe + <i>bowl</i> or bason, coincident widh <i>boll</i> and <i>bole</i>.</p> + + <br clear="all" /> +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><a name="s3"></a></p> + +<h3>3. VOCAL SUBSTITUCION.</h3> + + <p>Dho won semblance may exhibbit, not onely two' senses, but two' + sounds; won symbol must not pretend to' paint anoddher, unles by + distinctive substitution. <i>E</i> proovs dhus dhe lawfool substitute ov + <i>a</i>, in <i>heigh-ho!</i> moddernized <i>hey-ho!</i> in + <i>heighday</i>, now <i>hey-day!</i> <i>weigh</i>, <i>wey</i>, + <i>hwey</i>, <i>prey</i>, <i>bey</i>, <i>dey</i>; <i>dhey</i>, + <i>dheir</i>, <i>eir</i>, <i>eight</i>, and <i>freight</i>; widh + <i>obey</i>, <i>inveigh</i>, <i>convey</i>, <i>survey</i>, and + <i>purvey</i>; az wel az hwen febel, in <i>parley</i>, <i>barley</i>, + <i>Harley</i>, <i>Chudleigh</i>, and dheir fellows.</p> + + <p>But <i>e</i> cannot be <i>a</i>, widh dhe servile dhat distinguishes + <i>e</i>: <i>tear</i> cannot be clas-mate, at wonce to' <i>fear</i> and + <i>fair</i>. If dherfor <i>e</i> cannot be <i>a</i>, widh <i>a</i> + servile; and <i>a</i> need no substitute in dhe verbs <i>tair</i>, + <i>wair</i>, <i>swair</i>, and <i>bair</i>; <i>peir</i>, dhe fruit, and + <i>beir</i>, dhe beast, claim dhe substitute vowel, widh due servile; + <i>pair</i>, <i>pare</i>, <i>bair</i> and <i>bare</i>, being engaged. For + like rezon, <i>braik</i> and <i>grait</i> admit no vocal substitute. + <i>Where</i> and <i>there</i> no more puzzel dhan bely, in dheir own + shape, ov <i>hware</i> and <i>dhare</i>.</p> + + <p><i>E</i> fairly substituting dhe forrain <i>i</i>, in <i>pier</i>, + <i>bier</i>, <i>mien</i>, <i>lief</i>, widh <i>belief</i>, <i>believ</i>; + <i>relief</i>, <i>reliev</i>; and dhe rest; so distinct from <i>peer</i>, + <i>beer</i>; <i>mean</i>, <i>leaf</i>; or so connected by alliance, + forrain or domestic; dhe substitucion simmilarly prevails in + <i>shriek</i>, <i>fiend</i>, <i>fief</i>, <i>brief</i>, <i>chief</i>, + <i>atchiev</i>; <i>thief</i>, <i>thiev</i>; <i>repriev</i>, + <i>retriev</i>; <i>pierce</i>, <i>fierce</i>, and <i>tierce</i>: + ettymollogy howevver, scorning alike substitucion and superfluity, in + <i>receiv</i>, <i>receit</i>, and dheir collaterals.</p> + + <p>Forrain semblance belied dhe adoptives, <i>oblige</i>, <i>marine</i>, + <i>machine</i>, <i>magazine</i>, <i>fatigue</i>, <i>intrigue</i>, + <i>antique</i>, and <i>shire</i>; til Londoners began to' treat dhem az + natives ov Ingland; not dreaming dhat dheir essence cood not here be + prezerved, but in dhe guize ov <i>oblege</i>, <i>marene</i>, + <i>mashene</i>, <i>maggazene</i>, <i>fategue</i>, <i>intregue</i>, + <i>anteke</i> (or <i>anteek</i>, <i>mareen</i>, and dhe rest,) joined by + <i>legue</i>, <i>twegue</i>, and <i>shere</i>: hwich last, dho dhus + sevvered from <i>sheer</i> and <i>shear</i>, boath coincident in sound, + waz beguinning, in dhe false shape ov <i>shire</i>, (like <i>oblege</i>, + in dhat ov <i>oblige</i>,) to' violate Inglish harmony in evvery British + nacion. Dhe same propriety, dhat dhus gards dhe Inglish vowel (<i>e</i>), + prezervs, no les <i>piously</i>, dhe parental equivvalent (<i>i</i>), in + <i>obligacion</i>, <i>marriner</i>, <i>mackinate</i>, <i>mackinacion</i>, + <i>indefattigabel</i>, <i>anticquity</i>, az wel az <i>antiquary</i>; and + evvery forrain buty, consistent widh domestic truith.</p> + + <p>If dhe prezzent century hav made manny improovments, in orthoggraphy + and elsehware; it haz certainly made manny alteracions, dhat wer dhe + verry reverse ov improovment. Som eying truith, onely in her parents, + wood <i>allege</i> dhat <i>virtue</i> alone cood <i>persuade</i>; havving + lernedly perfwaded dhemselvs, dhat <i>vertue</i> might hav + <i>sweetnes</i>, widhout partaking <i>suavity</i>, by hwich dhey pictured + <i>swavvity</i>. It seems howevver high time dhat a certain kingdom, at + length panting after evvery propriety, shood know and confes, dhat her + name iz no more <i>England</i>, dhan <i>Engelonde</i> or <i>Angland</i>; + or dhan her sovverain iz <i>king ov France</i>!</p> + + <p>Since won symbol must no more usurp dhe office ov anoddher, <i>o</i> + wil no longuer pretend to' paint <i>A braud</i> open (<i>au</i>); in + <i>ought</i>, <i>nought</i>, <i>brought</i>, <i>thought</i>, + <i>sought</i>, <i>fought</i>, <i>bought</i>; for <i>aught</i> (now indeed + <i>aut</i>), and dhe rest: nor wil <i>groat</i> and <i>broad</i> expect + anny more, to' be acknolleged <i>graut</i> and <i>braud</i>.</p> + + <p>Nedher <i>tongue</i> nor <i>tong</i> (alreddy won ov a pair) can + picture <i>tung</i>; dho <i>u</i> stil employ dhe distinctive + substitucion ov <i>o</i> in <i>son</i>, male issue; nor les propperly dhe + ettymolodgic in <i>yong</i>, <i>mong</i>, <i>mongrel</i>, <i>monk</i>, + (widh <i>monkey</i>,) and <i>Monday</i>; in <i>monney</i>, <i>bonney</i>, + <i>conney</i>, <i>condit</i>, <i>constabel</i>; az in <i>yolk</i>, so in + <i>covver</i>, <i>hovver</i>, <i>plovver</i>; in <i>lovver</i> and + <i>glovver</i>, from <i>lov</i> and <i>glov</i>. <i>Cullor</i> (nevver + <i>colour</i>) avoids coincidence equally widh <i>collar</i> and + <i>coller</i>; dhe latter greekly, not frenchly, affected + <i>choler</i>.</p> + + <p>But surely a vocal groop cannot shrink into' an Inglish shut vowel: + nor cood dhe following French, or almoast French, be suppozed Inglish + words: <i>souple</i>, <i>couple</i>; <i>double</i>, <i>trouble</i>; + <i>nourish</i>, <i>flourish</i>; <i>courage</i>, <i>courteous</i>, + <i>country</i>, <i>cousin</i>; <i>journey</i>, <i>journal</i>; + <i>sojourn</i>, <i>adjourn</i>, and <i>touch</i>; more dhan such oddities + claim continnuance, az <i>young</i>, <i>rough</i>, or <i>tough</i>: for + <i>suppel</i> (alreddy almoast Inglish in <i>supple</i>,) <i>cuppel</i>; + <i>dubbel</i>, <i>trubbel</i>; <i>nurrish</i>, <i>flurrish</i>; + <i>currage</i>, <i>curteous</i>; <i>contry</i> (ettymolodgical substitute + ov <i>cuntry</i>; like <i>yong</i>, ov <i>yung</i>;) <i>cozzen</i> az + <i>dozzen</i>, no more <i>dozen</i>! <i>jurney</i>, <i>jurnal</i>; + <i>sodjurn</i>, <i>adjurn</i>, widh <i>tutch</i>; <i>tuf</i> and + <i>ruf</i>: not to' reprezent dhe so duly exploded, az <i>authour</i>, + <i>succour</i>, <i>superiour</i> for <i>author</i>, <i>succor</i>, + <i>superior</i>; hweddher agent, accion, or adjective.</p> + + <br clear="all" /> +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><a name="s4"></a></p> + +<h3>4. OV OPEN AND SHUT VOWELS.</h3> + + <p>Az vocallity must often depend on articulacion; consonants, like + vowels, must nedher be too manny, too few, nor oddher dhan dhemselvs. If + sounds open must not seem shut, sounds shut must not appear open. No + servile can attend a shut vowel; hwich, on dhe contrary, must show dhe + consonant dhat shuts it. Hwen a consonant concludes dhe syllabel, after + an open vowel; a servile must gard dhe vowel from dhe consonant, hwich + else wood shut it. A shut vowel dhen must show dhe shutter, or be left + apparently open.</p> + + <p>Dhe first vowel (<i>a</i>), slender or braud, may doutles be more or + les so, by dhe prezzence or absence ov dhe <i>stres</i>, or vocal + exercion. <i>A</i> slender, self or substitute, iz open az garded, in + <i>fain</i>, <i>fein</i>, and <i>fane</i>; <i>wail</i>, and <i>wale</i>; + open az unshut, in <i>paper</i>, <i>favor</i>, <i>braver</i>, + <i>bravest</i>, <i>braving</i>, <i>braved</i>: so in <i>fainer</i>, + <i>feiner</i>; az wel az <i>faining</i>, <i>feined</i>; <i>wailing</i>, + <i>wailed</i>; <i>waling</i>, <i>waled</i>; articculated <i>pa-per</i>, + <i>fa-vor</i>, <i>bra-ver</i>, <i>bra-vest</i>; <i>fai-ner</i>, + <i>fei-ner</i>, and so on: for <i>a singuel consonant</i>, natturally + (dhence nescessarily) <i>articculates dhe following, </i>not dhe + preceding<i> vowel</i>. <i>A</i>, slender, iz shut in <i>fan</i>, + <i>fanning</i>; and the like. <i>A braud (au)</i> haz its own distinctive + servile in <i>faun</i> and <i>fawn</i>, in <i>all</i> and <i>awl</i>, + <i>ball</i> and <i>bawl</i>. Dho <i>l</i> remain dhe servile in + <i>balling</i>, az wel az dhe <i>w</i> in <i>bawling</i>; it iz no + servile, but dhe effective shutter, in <i>ballot</i>, <i>bal-lot</i>, or + dhe like.</p> + + <p><i>A braud</i>, shut, plays its own part, hwen articculated by + <i>w</i> or <i>qu</i> (vertually <i>cw</i>,) in dhe propper + <i>Waller</i>, az in <i>wallet</i> or <i>quallity</i>; in <i>war</i>, + <i>quarrel</i>; <i>wart</i>, <i>quart</i>; <i>wan</i>, <i>want</i>, + <i>quantity</i>, and such. <i>A braud</i>, shut, not so articculated, + substitutes <i>o</i> shut: dhus dhe <i>o</i> ov <i>cord</i> iz perfetly + coincident, or unison, widh dhe <i>a</i> in <i>ward</i>. Hware <i>a</i> + performs its own braud-shut part, <i>o</i> becoms dhe substitute ov + <i>u</i> shut, az in <i>won word</i>; <i>quoth</i> and <i>quod</i>.</p> + + <p><i>E</i> iz dhus open in <i>mean</i> and <i>mien</i>, <i>tiend</i> and + <i>fiend</i>, <i>siev</i> and <i>seiz</i>; widh <i>grief</i>, + <i>griev</i>; <i>relief</i>, <i>reliev</i>; <i>receiv</i>, <i>receit</i>, + and dheir fellows. Open iz <i>e</i> likewize in <i>meat</i>, <i>meet</i>, + and <i>mete</i>; (three coincident!) <i>meeting</i>, <i>meting</i>, and + <i>meter</i>; shut in <i>men</i>, <i>pen</i>, <i>fen</i>; <i>met</i>, + <i>set</i>; <i>penny</i>, <i>fennel</i>; <i>penning</i>, <i>setting</i>: + and so foarth.</p> + + <p><i>I</i> iz open in <i>fine</i>, <i>finer</i>, <i>finish</i>; + <i>dine</i>, <i>dining</i>, and <i>diner</i>; <i>rime</i>, <i>riming</i>, + and <i>rimer</i>; <i>fi-ner</i>, <i>fi-nish</i>, and so on: shut in + <i>fin</i>, <i>finnish</i>; <i>din</i>, <i>dinner</i>; <i>brim</i>, + <i>brimmer</i>; <i>fin-nish,</i> and simmilar.</p> + + <p><i>O</i> iz open in <i>Po</i>, <i>pole</i>, <i>polar</i>, and + <i>polish</i>; <i>mode</i>, <i>modish</i>; <i>soal</i>, <i>sole</i>, and + <i>soll</i>; shut in <i>sollace</i>, <i>pollish</i>, and <i>moddest</i>; + <i>po-lish</i>, <i>pol-lish</i>, and dhe like.</p> + + <p><i>U</i> iz open in <i>unit</i>, <i>unite</i>; <i>tune</i>, + <i>tunic</i>, <i>punic</i>, <i>studious</i>; shut in <i>studdy</i>, + <i>unabated</i>: <i>u-nit</i>, <i>stu-dent</i>, <i>stud-dy</i>, + <i>un-a-ba-ted</i>; such compounds being licenced to' take in dhe singuel + consonant ov dhe prepoziscion.</p> + + <p>So hear we, and so see we,</p> + + <p><i>a</i>, <i>e</i>, <i>i</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>u</i>, open; <i>ar</i>, + <i>er</i>, <i>il</i>, <i>on</i>, <i>us</i>, shut; <i>may</i>, <i>me</i>, + <i>my</i>, <i>mow</i><a name="NtA_2" href="#Nt_2"><sup>[2]</sup></a>, + <i>mew</i>; <i>mas</i>, <i>mes</i>, <i>mis</i>, <i>mos</i>, <i>must</i>. + So <i>Mary</i>, <i>marry</i>; <i>even</i>, <i>sevven</i>; <i>ivy</i>, + <i>Livvy</i>; <i>odor</i>, <i>odder</i>; <i>student</i>, + <i>studdy.</i></p> + + <p>If dhen open vowels must appear open, shut vowels must appear shut. + Forrain, even parental, diccions cannot rule dhe picture ov dhe native: + for picture can hav but won oridginal. Widh parrity ov rezon may (and + must often) dhe parental vowel be open, and dhe descendant shut. To' + edher iz <i>Popes</i> laconnic line applicabel:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Dhis dhey, dhat know me, know; dhat lov me, tel.</i></p> + </div> + </div> + <p>To' keep Inglish, dhus like French and Lattin, or spelling dhe + contrast ov speech; our litterature haz hiddherto' no likenes ov our + language; and haz continnued inaccessibel to' evvery native, az much az + to' evvery strainger. For, hwile we lernedly lov to' see</p> + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 2em;">Aloe, melon, lily, solemn,<br /> +carol, very, spirit, coral, borough,<br /> +manor, tenant, minute, honor, punish,<br /> +clamor, blemish, limit, comet, pumice,<br /> +chapel, leper, triple, copy,<br /> +habit, rebel, tribute, probate,<br /> +heifer, profit,<br /> +cavil, revel, drivel, novel, hovel,<br /> +city, pity, british, critic,<br /> +madam, credit, idiom, body, study,<br /> +tacit, licit,<br /> +hazard, ezad, lizard, closet, bosom,<br /> +vicar,<br /> +liquor,<br /> +liquid,<br /> +rigor,<br /> +rigid:</p> + + <p>We shrewdly hope to' hear,</p> + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 2em;">Alloe, mellon, lilly, sollemn,<br /> +carrol, verry, spirrit, corral, burrow,<br /> +mannor, tennant, minnute, onnor, punnish,<br /> +clammor, blemmish, limmit, commet, pummice,<br /> +chappel, lepper, trippel, coppy,<br /> +habbit, rebbel, tribbute, probbate,<br /> +heffer, proffit,<br /> +cavvil, revvel, drivvel, novvel, hovvel,<br /> +citty, pitty, brittish, crittic,<br /> +maddam, creddit, iddiom, boddy, studdy,<br /> +tascit, liscit,<br /> +hazzard, ezzad, lizzard, clozzet, buzzom,<br /> +viccar,<br /> +liccor,<br /> +licquid,<br /> +riggor,<br /> +ridgid.</p> + + <p>Hwile dhus notthing but <i>s</i> can dubbel soft <i>c</i>, or + sibbilantly shut dhe preceding vowel; and render <i>precious</i>, or + <i>vicious</i>, hwat dhey ar; but <i>prescious</i>, or <i>viscious</i>; + dhe sibbilants direct simpel figgure may not onely becom, in dhe + ostensibel <i>physic</i>, <i>visit</i>, and <i>vision</i>, a dubbel + depressive; in dhe real <i>phyzzic</i>, <i>vizzit</i>, and + <i>vizzion</i>; but work equal wonders, in <i>polysyllables</i> ov anny + extension; pretending, in dhe verry name, to' paint + <i>pollysyllabels</i>. And dhus dhe trokees grow innumerabel, dhat shut + and sharpen, shortening dhe former vowel; hwich dhey hav hiddherto' + pretended to' exhibbit slowly and smoodhly open: so leving singuel dhe + intermediate articulacion, hwich must be audibly dubbel, (must shut az + wel az articculate,) and continnue dhe equal impossibillity, ov reading + and writing our language.</p> + + <p>For, <i>hwen</i> our <i>diccion</i> attains, like <i>oddhers</i>, + <i>dhe</i> happy <i>habbit</i> <i>ov</i> appearing hwat it iz; alternate + strength and febelnes must prezent <i>mallice</i> and <i>maliscious</i>, + <i>sollemn</i> and <i>solemnity</i>, <i>morral</i> and <i>morallity</i>, + <i>mannor</i> and <i>manorial</i>, <i>limmit</i> and <i>limmitacion</i>, + <i>habbit</i> and <i>habittual</i>, <i>spirrit</i>, <i>spirritual</i>, + and <i>spirrituallity</i>. So evvery consequencial, hweddher ov trocaic + or dactyllian stres: <i>orrigin</i>, <i>oridginal</i>, + <i>oridginality</i>, or <i>originallity</i>, <i>reallity</i>, + <i>quallity</i>, <i>equallity</i>, <i>verrity</i>, <i>verrily</i>, + <i>ennemy</i>, <i>ammity</i>, <i>appathy</i>, <i>probbity</i>; so, widh + <i>propphet</i>, <i>propphesy</i>, and <i>propphecy</i>; but, by + penultimate or antepenultimate ennergy, (dhe stres on last but won, or + last but two',) <i>prophettic</i>, or <i>prophettical</i>: widh + <i>philossophy</i>, <i>philossopher</i>, and <i>philosopphic</i>; widh + <i>avvarice</i>, <i>avvariscious</i>; <i>lodgic</i>, <i>logiscian</i>; + <i>phyzzic</i>, <i>phyziscian</i>; <i>immage</i>, <i>imadgine</i>; + <i>madjesty</i>, <i>majestic</i>. Az <i>alliment</i>, <i>saccrament</i>; + az <i>orrifice</i>, <i>saccrifice</i>, and <i>orrator</i>, widhout + violacion ov aught <i>sacred</i>, or chainge ov <i>oracion</i>.</p> + + <br clear="all" /> +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><a name="s5"></a></p> + +<h3>5. OV DHE ASPIRATES, AND DHEIR INSERTIVES.</h3> + + <p><i>Oracion</i> indeed iz dhus kept <i>sacred</i> az <i>orrator</i>: + for <i>t</i> cood nevver sibbilate (or play <i>s</i>) in + <i>orthoggraphy</i>, aincient or moddern; nor a dubbel articulacion + pretend to' look singuel, more dhan a singuel a dubbel won. Dhe dactyl + <i>orthodox</i> admits littel chainge in dhe dubbel trokee + <i>orthodoxy</i>; like <i>mellancolly</i>, vulgarly <i>melancholy</i>: + but <i>orthoggraphy</i> and <i>orthograpphical</i> ar, widh equal + harmony, subject to' antepenultimate power. Like Propriety dherfor + inserts dhe shutter we hear, in dhe duplication, az ov evvery simpel, so + ov evvery aspirate, duly dubbled by dhe simpel insertive. Dhus <i>p</i> + dubbels <i>ph</i>, and even <i>f</i>, <i>f</i>; in <i>propphet</i>, and + <i>proffit</i>. But, az <i>ph</i> became <i>f</i>; so <i>bh</i>, + universally <i>v</i>, nescessarily dubbelled in <i>provverb</i>. Az + <i>s</i> or <i>z</i> dubbels dhe soft sibbilant aspirate, (<i>sh</i> or + <i>zh</i>) in <i>prescious</i>, <i>decizzion</i>, <i>t</i> or <i>d</i>, + respectively, dubbled dhat dhey rendered equal to' <i>tsh</i> or + <i>dzh</i>: az <i>tutching</i> dhe <i>madjesty</i> ov + <i>relidgion</i>.</p> + + <p>But dhe Inglish tung, (raddher teeth,) enjoying dhe <i>dental + aspirate</i>, direct and depressive (<i>th</i> and <i>dh</i>), beyond + perhaps anny oddher language, aincient or moddern; can no longuer be + denied dhe appearance, hware it so peculiarly pozesses dhe reallity, ov + dubbling az wel az depressing its power. No more dhen can be confounded + dhe aspirates ov <i>oath</i>, <i>oadhs</i>; ov <i>bath</i>, <i>badhs</i>, + and <i>badhe</i>; ov <i>Otho</i> and <i>oddher</i>, <i>Clotho</i> and + <i>clodhier</i>, <i>dhis thing</i> and <i>dhat thing</i>; <i>dheze + things</i> and <i>dhoze things</i>: misaspiracion wil no more embarras, + dhan misarraingement, <i>Dhe Theater</i>.</p> + + <br clear="all" /> +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><a name="s6"></a></p> + +<h3>6. OV REDUNDANT SERVILES.</h3> + + <p>If <i>defiscience</i> ov symbols hav been so ezily and so amply + exampelled; a ballance may be proffered in <i>redundance</i>; ov + consonants, no les dhan ov serviles. Hwen evvery mute minnister waz + supplied to' vocallity; dhe hardening gard ov <i>g</i>, at least, shood + not hav been forgotten. If <i>i</i> waz indispensabel in <i>aingel</i> + and <i>dainger, u</i> iz az recquizite in <i>anguel</i> and + <i>anguer</i>, az in <i>guerdon</i>. <i>Guet</i> and <i>guiv</i> demand + dhe (<i>u</i>) hardener, az boldly az <i>gues</i> and <i>guilt</i>. So + redundance alreddy recalls, in order to' explode, <i>guess</i> and + <i>give!</i> Widh dhis not onely <i>seeing</i> (for <i>seing</i>) and dhe + like; but dhe falsifying final ov <i>are</i>, <i>were</i>; <i>awe</i>, + <i>owe</i>; <i>some</i>, <i>come</i>; <i>above</i>, <i>dove</i>, + <i>love</i>, <i>glove</i>; <i>throve</i>, <i>drove</i>, <i>shrove</i>, + <i>shove</i>, <i>hove</i>; for <i>ar</i>, <i>wer</i>; <i>aw</i>, + <i>ow</i>; <i>som</i>, <i>com</i>; <i>abov</i>, <i>dov</i>, <i>lov</i>, + <i>glov</i>; <i>throv</i>, <i>drov</i>, <i>shrov</i>, <i>shov</i>, + <i>hov</i>: hwere <i>o</i> for <i>u</i> guivs to' the ear, <i>sum</i> + distinctive, widh <i>cum</i>, <i>abuv</i>, and dhe rest.</p> + + <p>Superfluous, dhence obstructive, (distractive indeed!) dhe <i>i</i> ov + <i>either</i>, <i>neither</i>; <i>heifer</i> and <i>friend</i>; dhe + <i>o</i> ov <i>people</i> and <i>yeoman</i>; <i>leopard</i> and + <i>jeopard</i>; dhe <i>u</i> ov <i>eulogy</i>, az ov <i>eulogium</i>; ov + <i>conduit</i>, vertually <i>cundit</i>: <i>a</i>, obviously useles, + after an oddherwize open vowel, in <i>season</i>, <i>reason</i>, + <i>treason</i>, <i>treacle</i>, <i>creature</i>; in <i>eave</i>, + <i>heave</i>, <i>weave</i>, <i>leave</i>, <i>cleave</i>, <i>reave</i>, + <i>greave</i>; <i>cease</i>, <i>lease</i>, <i>crease</i>, <i>grease</i>; + <i>teaze</i>, <i>ease</i>, <i>please</i>; like dhe <i>e</i> final to' + <i>sieve</i>, <i>grieve</i>, <i>relieve</i>, <i>receive;</i> dhe second + <i>e</i> in <i>sleeve</i>, <i>geese</i>, <i>fleece</i>, <i>freeze</i>, + <i>breeze</i>, <i>squeeze</i>, <i>cheese</i>: for <i>edher</i>, + <i>nedher</i>; <i>heffer</i>, <i>frend</i>; <i>pepel</i> and + <i>yeman</i>, <i>leppard</i>, and <i>jeppard</i>; <i>ellogy</i>, az + <i>elogium</i>; widh <i>condit</i>: so <i>sezon</i>, <i>rezon</i>, + <i>trezon</i>, <i>trekel</i>, <i>creture</i>; <i>eve</i>, <i>heve</i>, + <i>weve</i>, <i>leve</i>, <i>cleve</i>, <i>reve</i>, <i>greve</i>; + <i>cese</i>, <i>lese</i>, <i>crese</i>, <i>grese</i>; <i>teze</i>, + <i>eze</i>, <i>pleze</i>: <i>siev</i>, <i>griev</i>, <i>reliev</i>, + <i>receiv</i>; <i>sleve</i>, <i>guese</i>, <i>flece</i>, <i>freze</i>, + <i>breze</i>, <i>squeze</i>, <i>cheze</i>. But, like dhe <i>i</i> ov + <i>heifer</i> and <i>friend</i>, dhe <i>o</i> ov <i>leopard</i> and + <i>jeopard</i>; dhe <i>u</i> ov <i>eulogy</i>; iz dhe <i>a</i> ov + <i>leap</i>-year and ov <i>neap</i>-tide; for <i>lep</i>-year and + <i>nep</i>-tide; nay, shamefoolly, like dhe superfluity in all dheze, haz + dhe <i>a</i> hiddherto' remained in <i>health</i>, <i>wealth</i>, and + <i>stealth</i>; becauz it stil iz nescessary in <i>heal</i>, <i>weal</i>, + and <i>steal</i>! and doutles, for som simmilarly cogent rezon, doz kind + <i>a</i> continnue to' gard dhe same <i>shut vowel</i>! in <i>realm</i>, + <i>earl</i>, <i>pearl</i>; <i>earn</i>, <i>learn</i>; <i>early</i>, + <i>earnest</i>; <i>earth</i>, <i>dearth</i>, <i>hearth</i>, <i>heard</i>, + <i>hearse</i>, <i>rehearse</i>, <i>searce</i>, <i>search</i>, + <i>threat</i>, <i>deaf</i>, <i>dead</i>, <i>head</i>, <i>bread</i>, + <i>tread</i>, <i>dread</i>, <i>thread</i>, <i>stead</i>, <i>lead</i>, + <i>read</i>; <i>ready</i>, <i>steady</i>, <i>heady</i>, <i>meadow</i>; + <i>zealous</i>, <i>jealous</i>, <i>weapon</i>, <i>leaven</i>, + <i>heaven</i>, <i>endeavour</i>; <i>pleasure</i>, <i>measure</i>, + <i>treasure</i>, <i>leasure</i> or <i>leisure</i>! for <i>helth</i>, + <i>welth</i>, <i>stelth</i>; <i>relm</i>, <i>erl</i>, <i>perl</i>; + <i>ern</i>, <i>lern</i>; <i>erly</i>, <i>ernest</i>; <i>erth</i>, + <i>derth</i>, <i>herth</i>, <i>herd</i>, <i>herse</i>, <i>reherse</i>, + <i>serce</i>, <i>serch</i>; <i>thret</i>, <i>def</i>, <i>ded</i>, + <i>hed</i>, <i>bred</i>, <i>tred</i>, <i>dred</i>, <i>thred</i>, + <i>sted</i>, <i>led</i>, <i>red</i>; <i>reddy</i>, <i>steddy</i>, + <i>heddy</i>, <i>meddow</i>; <i>zellous</i>, <i>jellous</i>; + <i>weppon</i>, <i>levven</i>, <i>hevven</i>, <i>endevvor</i>, + <i>plezzure</i>, <i>mezzure</i>, <i>trezzure</i>, <i>lezzure</i>.</p> + + <p>How (alas!) wil <font class="sc">Brittish Libberty</font> moarn her + novvel chains, hwen she must not onely speak az she thinks, but write as + she speaks; hwen <i>rove</i>, <i>lov</i>, and <i>moov</i>, can chime no + more togueddher; hwen <i>lead</i> and <i>led</i>, <i>read</i> and + <i>red</i>, <i>live</i> and <i>liv</i>, <i>tear</i> and <i>tair</i>, ar + found oppozite, az <i>East</i> and <i>West</i>; nay, az open and shut + vowels!</p> + + <br clear="all" /> +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><a name="s7"></a></p> + +<h3>7. OV IMPRACTICABEL ARTICULACION.</h3> + + <p>No les embarrassing iz dhe redundance ov impracticabel articulacion, + iniscial, medial, or final, (in dhe beguinning, middel, or end, ov + words:) dhe first indeed chiefly in forrain names, titels, or terms, + hware a consonant, uncombinabel (mediately or immediately) widh a vowel, + remains a ded rellic: az dhe <i>c</i> ov <i>czar</i> (dho contracted from + <i>Cezar</i>), dhe <i>p</i> ov <i>Ptollemy</i> (mere <i>Tollemy</i>), or + <i>ptisic</i> (for <i>tizzic</i>), dhe <i>b</i> ov <i>bdellium</i>, herd + onely <i>dellium</i>; and even dhe <i>p</i> ov psalm, herd but + <i>sahm</i>, dho dhe <i>l</i> be stil audibel in <i>psalmist</i> and + <i>psalmody</i>, all effective beside dhe labial (<i>p</i>).</p> + + <br clear="all" /> +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><a name="s8"></a></p> + +<h3>8. OV FALSE ASPIRACION.</h3> + + <p>But no exampel can warrant dhe aspiring ideller, dhat pretends to' + lead <i>heir</i>, <i>heritage</i>, <i>heritable</i>, <i>heritor</i>; + <i>herb</i>, <i>herbage</i>, <i>herbalist</i>; <i>honour</i>, + <i>honorary</i>, <i>honourable</i>; and even dhe <i>humble humour</i> ov + dhe <i>passing hour</i>; insted ov <i>eir</i>, <i>erritage</i>, + <i>erritabel</i>, <i>erritor</i>; <i>erb</i>, <i>erbage</i>, + <i>erbalist</i>; <i>onnor</i>, <i>onnorary</i>, <i>onnorabel</i>; widh + dhe <i>umbel umor</i> ov dhe prezzent <i>our</i>; hwich doutles can alone + be called <i>our our</i>. Yet aspiracion cannot be denied to' + <i>inherrit</i>, <i>inherritance</i>, <i>inherritor</i>, + <i>heredditary</i>.</p> + + <br clear="all" /> +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><a name="s9"></a></p> + +<h3>9. DHE GUTTURAL ASPIRATE LOST, OR TRANSMUTED BY MODDERN ORGANS.</h3> + + <p>Dhe consonants dhat subjoin aspiracion (<i>h</i>), ar dhe labial, + dental, lingual, and guttural; or dhe articculants from dhe lips, teeth, + tung, and throat: <i>p</i>, <i>t</i>, <i>s</i>, and <i>k</i>; by dhe + Lattins turned into <i>c</i>: az in <i>Philadelphus</i> and + <i>Philadelphia</i>, <i>Thales</i> and <i>Thalia</i>, <i>Sharon</i> and + <i>Sheba</i>, <i>Charon</i> and <i>Chilo</i>, hoom dhe Inglish, havving + smoodhed away dhe aspiracion, ar fain to' call <i>Caron</i> and + <i>Kilo</i>.</p> + + <p>Aincient organs, howevver, dubbelled occazionally dhe guttural, az wel + az dhe labial aspirate; dooing equal justice to' <i>Bacchus</i> and to' + <i>Sappho</i>: moddern also, (peculiarly the Inglish,) dhe oddher two'; + dhe simpel always sufficing to' dubbel dhe aspirate. New dialects + softening, lost dhe guttural aspirate; til dhe Spannish probbably + recovvered it from dhe Morish. The Itallian and Spannish, and from dhem + dhe Inglish, endevvored to' make up dhe los, by prefixing dhe simpel + dental to' dhe lingual or sibbilant aspirate, hwich dhe Gallic ear + preferred widhout dhe dental; preferring dherfor dhe vertual <i>sh</i> + and <i>zh</i> to' <i>tsh</i> and <i>dzh</i>. Inglish organs loozing, like + French, dhe guttural aspirate, edher dropt dhe aspiracion, az in + <i>carracter</i> and <i>kemmist</i> or <i>kymmist</i>; from + <i>character</i> and <i>chemist</i> or <i>chymist</i>; or turned dhe hoal + ruf guttural into' dhe smoodh labial aspirate. So softening <i>cough</i>, + <i>hough</i>, <i>trough</i>, <i>through</i>, <i>though</i>; <i>rough</i>, + <i>tough</i>, <i>slough</i>, <i>chough</i>, widh dhe proppers + <i>Hough</i>, <i>Brough</i>, and <i>Loughborough</i>; into' <i>cof</i>, + <i>hof</i>, <i>trof</i>; <i>throo</i> or <i>thro'</i>, and <i>dho</i>: + <i>ruf</i>, <i>tuf</i>, <i>sluf</i>, <i>chuf</i>; <i>Huf</i>, + <i>Bruf</i>, and <i>Lufburrough</i> or <i>Lufburrow</i>. But <i>Gough</i> + perhaps Orrigin recalled into' <i>Goffe</i> or <i>Gof</i>; hwile + <i>Lough</i> became Inglishly <i>Luf</i>, and dhe guttural graddually + melted in <i>burrow</i>, ov hwatevver kind.</p> + + <p>Aincient ellocucion depressed no aspirate; sattisfied widh <i>ph</i> + or <i>f</i>, <i>th</i>, <i>sh</i>, and <i>kh</i> or <i>ch</i>; widhout + <i>bh</i> or <i>v</i>, <i>dh</i>, <i>zh</i> or <i>gh</i>. Dhe labial + aspirate gennerated dhe Eollic digamma F (howevver turned), hwich by and + by gave birth to' dhe Lattin V. If primmitive tungs gain dhus at length + won depressive aspirate; succeding expression, particcularly dhe Inglish, + came to' dubbel dhe depressive <i>v</i> az wel az dhe direct <i>ph</i> or + <i>f</i>. French articculacion havving no more occazion for such dubbling + dhan her parent Lattin, dhe Inglish acute or sharp accent askt it + <i>evvery</i> moment; but seing no <i>prescedent</i> in oddher picturage, + forbore to' <i>exhibbit</i> it, even until dhe <i>prezzent our</i>, dhat + Inglish anallogy, matured at last, rezolved to' be <i>seen</i>, az wel az + <i>herd</i>; to' reggulate practice by theory, and realize theory in + practice.</p> + + <br clear="all" /> +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><a name="s10"></a></p> + +<h3>10. DHE OLD ASPIRATE OV R.</h3> + + <p>Som Greeks, followed by som Lattins, fancied to' ad rufnes to' dhe + licquid <i>R</i>, or to' paint its innate rufnes more foarcibly, by + subjoining aspiracion. Hence rushed dhe <i>Rhine</i> and dhe + <i>Rhone</i>, dhe <i>Rhemi</i> and <i>Rheims</i>, <i>Rhoda</i> and + <i>Rhodes</i>; <i>rhomb</i>, <i>rhumb</i>, <i>rheum</i>, and + <i>rhubarb</i>. Dhe <i>Rhine</i> brought <i>Rhenish</i>; az + <i>rhythmus</i> <i>rhythm</i>, <i>rhyme</i> and <i>rhime</i>; til at + length harmonious <i>rezon</i> introduced <i>rime</i>, boath into' French + and Inglish; hwence dhe regennerated <i>Rine</i>, pouring purified + <i>Rennish</i>, rouzed dhe rappid <i>Rone</i> to' rezistles emmulacion; + brought <i>Roda</i> to' <i>Rodes</i>, and <i>rubarb</i> to' + <i>reumatism</i>. Dhe verry <i>rinosceros</i> disdains now alike to' + ruffen hiz horn widh adscitiscious snorting, and to' stifel even hiz + moddern sibbilacion.</p> + + <p>Hwen dhe guttural aspirate lost dhe aspiracion, dhe simpel guttural + alone cood remain: az in <i>Caron</i>, <i>Kiron</i>, <i>Akilles</i>, + <i>Cloe</i>, <i>Cronus</i>; widh <i>carracter</i>, <i>corus</i>, and + <i>coral</i>, stil quite clear ov <i>corral</i>: wonce seen, because + wonce herd, <i>Charon</i>, <i>Chiron</i>, <i>Achilles</i>, <i>Chloe</i>, + <i>Chronus</i>, <i>character</i>, <i>chorus</i>, and <i>choral</i>.</p> + + <br clear="all" /> +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><a name="s11"></a></p> + +<h3>11. ODDHER ANTIQUATED IDELLERS.</h3> + + <p>Among medial idellers, hiddherto', not onely suffered, but sanccioned, + even after parental ejeccion, ar<a name="NtA_3" + href="#Nt_3"><sup>[3]</sup></a> dhe <i>s</i> ov <i>isle</i>; <i>l</i> ov + <i>fault</i> and <i>vault</i>, <i>p</i> ov <i>receipt</i>, <i>b</i> ov + <i>debt</i> and <i>doubt; c</i> ov <i>perfect</i> and <i>verdict</i><a + href="#Nt_3"><sup>[3]</sup></a>; here at last fairly seen <i>ile</i>, + <i>faut</i>, <i>vaut</i>, <i>receit</i>, <i>det</i>, <i>dout</i>, + <i>perfet</i>, <i>verdit</i>. Alike idel iz dhe raddical <i>g</i> ov + <i>feign</i> and <i>deign</i>, for <i>fein</i> and <i>dain</i>; and, + werse (if possibel) dhan idel, dhe <i>g</i> ov <i>foreign</i> and + <i>sovereign</i>, for <i>forrain</i> and <i>sovverain</i>, from + <i>forain</i> and <i>souverain</i>; az dheze from <i>foraneus</i> and + <i>supraneus</i>.</p> + + <br clear="all" /> +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><a name="s12"></a></p> + +<h3>12. FINAL FANTOMS, OR DUBBLERS OV FINAL FORMS.</h3> + + <p>How manny final fantoms, in articculating shape, must Truiths torch + beam away! how manny dubblers ov a singuel clozer, espescially <i>l</i>, + <i>f</i>, <i>s</i>, and <i>c</i>! az <i>ill</i>, <i>off</i>, <i>ass</i>, + <i>back</i>; so <i>err</i>, <i>inn</i>, <i>ebb</i>, <i>add</i>, + <i>odd</i>, <i>egg</i>: really no more, nor capabel ov being more, dhan + <i>il</i>, <i>of</i>, <i>as</i>, <i>bac</i>; <i>er</i>, <i>in</i>, + <i>eb</i>, <i>ad</i>, <i>od</i>, <i>eg</i>. <i>Shall</i>, for + <i>shal</i>, doz addiscional mischief, by inviting ignorance to' brauden + dhe vowel.</p> + + <br clear="all" /> +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><a name="s13"></a></p> + +<h3>13. ODDHER FALSIFIERS, MEDIAL OR FINAL, OV LICQUIDS OR SIBBILANTS; +PARTICCULARLY, <i>TI</i> FOR A SIBBILACION.</h3> + + <p>Our misrepprezented consonants seem reducibel to' dheze. 1. Licquid + for licquid: <i>l</i> for <i>r</i>, in dhe French <i>colonel</i> for dhe + Inglish <i>curnel</i>; <i>n</i> for <i>m</i>, in dhe unutterabel + <i>Banff</i>, for dhe good town ov <i>Bamf</i>. Here too may enter for + explozion, dhe <i>n</i> ov dhe indeffinite artikel, hweddher before a + licquefaccion or an aspiracion; nedher ov hwich iz a vowel: so can we no + more say <i>an unicorn</i> dhan <i>an horse</i>, for <i>a unicorn</i> or + <i>a horse</i>. 2. Direct for depressive; <i>f</i> for <i>v</i>, in + <i>of</i> for <i>ov</i>; <i>s</i> for <i>z</i>, in <i>as</i>, <i>has</i>, + <i>was</i>, <i>is</i>, <i>his</i>; for <i>az</i>, <i>haz</i>, <i>waz</i>, + <i>iz</i>, <i>hiz</i>: in dhe verbs, <i>house</i>, <i>use</i>, + <i>peruse</i>, <i>abuse</i>, <i>excuse</i>, <i>amuse</i>, like + <i>muse</i>, noun or verb; <i>chuse</i> or <i>choose</i>, widh dhe + <i>dubbly</i> fallacious <i>lose</i> and <i>vase</i>: for <i>houz</i> + (like <i>brouz</i>), <i>uze</i>, <i>peruze</i>, <i>abuze</i>, + <i>excuze</i>, <i>amuze</i>, <i>muze</i>, <i>chuze</i> or <i>chooz</i>, + <i>looz</i>, and <i>vauz</i>. Dhe verbs dhus, duly sevvered from dhe + nouns, lead to' distinguish dhe verb <i>refuze</i> from dhe adjective + <i>refuse</i>, az wel az from dhe substantive <i>reffuse</i>. + <i>Profuze</i> and <i>profuse</i>, <i>diffuze</i> and <i>diffuse</i>, ar + simmilarly distinguishabel. Az we saw <i>s</i> play <i>dubbel z</i> in + <i>visit</i> and <i>vision</i>, for <i>vizzit</i> and <i>vizzion</i>; so + see we dubbel <i>s</i> for <i>z</i> in dhe middel, and for won <i>s</i> + in dhe end ov <i>possess</i>, for <i>pozes</i>; hwich hwile oppozite + stres secures to' dhe ear from dhe formative ov <i>poze</i>, az + <i>cares</i> from dhat ov <i>care</i>, dhe context may wel guide dhe eye + ov attension to' dhe undouted meaning. No wonder if dhe direct figgure ov + dhe sibbilant frenchly <i>rose</i>, and <i>occasionally rises</i>, for + dhe depressive reallity; <i>s</i> for <i>z</i> in <i>rose</i> and + <i>rises</i>, <i>occasionally</i> between vowels; for <i>occazionally + roze</i> and <i>rizes</i>; nay for dhe dubbel depressive in <i>risen</i>, + for <i>rizzen</i>. Dhis rivals indeed <i>Stephen</i> for <i>Steven</i>, + and even <i>nephew</i> for <i>nevvew</i>. If <i>Stephanus</i> pretended + to' pattronize dhe won, <i>neveu</i> (not <i>nepos</i>) must command dhe + oddher.</p> + + <p>But dhe French acaddemy, so exemplary in evvery exhibiscion ov its + language, set nohwere so fatal or so followed an exampel, az in + pretending to' conjure <i>ti</i> into' <i>si</i> before a vowel: a + combinacion indeed! hwich Inglish picturage ventured onely to' + constitute, raddher substitute, a sibbilant aspirate; dhe same groop + <i>condition</i> prezenting in won picturage <i>condicion</i>; and dhence + in dhe oddher <i>condiscion</i>. Yet French led not Inglish into' dhe + dissolucion ov <i>x</i> into' <i>ct</i>, in <i>flexion</i>, + <i>reflexion</i>; hwich dhe former nevver violated into' <i>flection</i>, + <i>reflection</i>, or dhe like.</p> + + <br clear="all" /> +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><a name="s14"></a></p> + +<h3>14. DHE ORTHOGGRAPHY OV PROPPER NAMES.</h3> + + <p>Innocent howevver wer oddher tungs ov mispainting, az ov + mispronouncing dhe dental aspirate; hwich not attempting to' substanciate + even direct, far les depressive, dhey aught not, at least need not, to' + paint at all: az dhe French <i>Tomas</i>, if les like hiz parent dhan + <i>Thomas</i>, wood be so much liker himself; hwile <i>Tommas</i> alone + can tel Inglish truith.</p> + + <p>But dhat <i>Tommas</i>, dho a gennerous confessor ov conviccion, iz + not dhe alone Brittish truith-teller; dhat he iz rivalled indeed by + evvery oddher propper aincient and moddern, can be no novvelty to' anny + crittic ov litterary natturalizement; hoo must onnor at wonce dhe, hware + possibel, prezerved ennergy ov orrigin; and dhe inviolate prezzervacion + ov Inglish anallogy; in dhe unchainged compannions ov <i>Euphrates</i>, + <i>Darius</i>, <i>Heraclitus</i>, <i>Berea</i>, <i>Thalia</i>, and dhe + rest; az wel az in dhe irreffragabel buties ov <i>Horrace</i>, + <i>Terrence</i>, <i>Cezar</i>, <i>Ciscero</i>, <i>Senneca</i>, + <i>Soccrates</i>, <i>Democcritus</i>, <i>Empeddocles</i>, + <i>Heroddotus</i>, no les dhan ov <i>Jon</i>, <i>Phillip</i>, + <i>Robbert</i>, <i>Parris</i>, widh <i>Hellen</i>, <i>Elizzabeth</i>, and + dheir oddher Anglicized frends.</p> + + <br clear="all" /> +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><a name="s15"></a></p> + +<h3>15. DHE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPEL OV ORTHOGGRAPHY.</h3> + + <p>Such iz dhe system ov <font class="sc">Inglish Orthoggraphy</font>, + braught widhin dhe compas ov a few pages, on dhe unfailing principel, + hwich aught to' govvern evvery plan ov litterary improovment: first, to' + make no chainge dhat can rascionally be avoided; and dhen to' make + precisely evvery variacion, from vulgar practice, dhat can be + demonstrated indispensabel. Nor iz dhis aught else dhan a completed + minniature ov <font class="sc">Inglish Propriety</font> <i>ascertained in + her picture</i>: two quarto-vollumes graciously received by hiz prezzent + Brittish Madjesty, from dhe same umbel hands; at St. Jameses, in + 1786.</p> + +<h2>DHE END.</h2> + + <br clear="all" /> +<hr /> + + <p><a name="s16"></a></p> + +<h2>THE ORTHOGRAPHIC RIDDLE.</h2> + +<h3>PREFACE.</h3> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>These emanations of the British Muse,</p> + <p>Where English thoughts could English dress refuse,</p> + <p>Were once presented to another press,</p> + <p>Though thence borne back, as hopeless of success.</p> + <p>What honest critic e'er could credit eligible,</p> + <p>Riddles to his researches unintelligible?</p> + <p>When ready caution guards the lit'rate realm,</p> + <p>Never shall foreign floods these isles o'erwhelm:</p> + <p>Orthography the mother-tongue shall give,</p> + <p>Ever, as every where, with Truth to live;</p> + <p>Truth, Reason, Beauty shall o'erspread the nation;</p> + <p>Shall solve the <font class="sc">Riddle</font>, with one contemplation.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4">The public monitor of truth,</p> + <p class="i4">Sworn enemy to what's uncouth,</p> + <p class="i4">With blockheads similarly spells,</p> + <p class="i4">(Orthography with pleasure tells)</p> + <p class="i4">That thus the force of ridicule</p> + <p class="i4">Should laugh the learned back to school.</p> + <p class="i4">What then should cause that laughter strange?</p> + <p class="i4">What should occasion gen'ral change?</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Orthography the answer gives,</p> + <p>To satisfy whoever lives.</p> + <p>The honest will confess the pity,</p> + <p>Court, country, citadel with city;</p> + <p>That ancients, with the giddy young,</p> + <p>Should study still the Latin tongue;</p> + <p>Should leave to levity, to dolour,</p> + <p>The unproficient English scholar;</p> + <p>Should give the very stranger dread,</p> + <p>Of gibberish, that ne'er was read;</p> + <p>That ne'er was heard, without derision,</p> + <p>Eschewing ocular revision.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>This one example well will prove,</p> + <p>Will lib'ral laughter doubtless move:</p> + <p>When Pedantry shall cease to swell,</p> + <p>Honour'd Humility will spell.</p> + <p>The beauty then, of British truth,</p> + <p>Resistless shall enamour youth;</p> + <p>Shall evidence th' asseveration,</p> + <p>Throughout th' etymologic nation;</p> + <p>That one poetic exhibition</p> + <p>Could, without lit'ral intuition,</p> + <p>Fill ev'ry literary article,</p> + <p>Though never spell one single particle:</p> + <p>Could faithfully the whole present,</p> + <p>Without<a name="NtA_5" href="#Nt_5"><sup>[5]</sup></a> once shad'wing what were meant.</p> + </div> + </div> + <br clear="all" /> +<hr class="short" /> + +<h2>DHE SOLUCION OV DHE ORTHOGRAPPHIC RIDDEL.</h2> + +<h3>PREFFACE.</h3> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Dheze emmanacions ov dhe Brittish Muze,</p> + <p>Hware Inglish thaughts cood Inglish dres refuze,</p> + <p>Wer wonce prezented to' anoddher pres,</p> + <p>Dho dhence bor'n bac az hopeles ov succes.</p> + <p>Hwat onnest crittic ehr cood creddit elligibel,</p> + <p>Riddels to' hiz reserches unintelligibel?</p> + <p>Hwen steddy caucion gards dhe litt'rate relm,</p> + <p>Nevver shal forrain fluds dheze iles o'rhwelm:</p> + <p>Orthoggraphy dhe moddher-tung shal guiv,</p> + <p>Evver, az evv'rihware, widh Truith to' liv;</p> + <p>Truith, Rezon, Buty shal o'rspred dhe nacion;</p> + <p>Shal solv dhe <font class="sc">Riddel</font>, widh won contemplacion.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4">Dhe pubblic monnitor ov truith,</p> + <p class="i4">Swor'n ennemy to' hwat'z uncooth,</p> + <p class="i4">Widh blockheds simmilarly spels,</p> + <p class="i4">(Orthoggraphy widh plezzure tels)</p> + <p class="i4">Dhat dhus dhe foarce ov riddicule</p> + <p class="i4">Shood laf dhe lerned bac to' scool.</p> + <p class="i4">Hwat dhen shood cauz dhat lafter strainge?</p> + <p class="i4">Hwat shood occazion genn'ral chainge?</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Orthoggraphy dhe anser guivs,</p> + <p>To' sattisfy hooevver livs.</p> + <p>Dhe onnest wil confes dhe pitty,</p> + <p>Coart, contry, cittadel widh citty;</p> + <p>Dhat aincients, widh dhe guiddy yong,</p> + <p>Shood studdy stil dhe Lattin tung;</p> + <p>Shood leve to' levvity, to' dollor,</p> + <p>Dhe unprofiscient Inglish scollar;</p> + <p>Shood guiv dhe verry strainger dred,</p> + <p>Ov guibberish, dhat nehr waz red;</p> + <p>Dhat nehr waz herd widhout derizzion,</p> + <p>Eskewing occular revizzion.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Dhis won exampel wel wil proov,</p> + <p>Wil libb'ral lafter doutles moov:</p> + <p>Hwen Peddantry shal cese to' swel,</p> + <p>Onnor'd Humillity wil spel.</p> + <p>Dhe buty dhen, ov Brittish truith,</p> + <p>Rezistles shal enammor yooth;</p> + <p>Shal evvidence dh' assevveracion,</p> + <p>Thro'out dh' etymmolodgic nacion;</p> + <p>Dhat won poettic exhibiscion</p> + <p>Cood, widhout litt'ral intuiscion,</p> + <p>Fil evv'ry litterary artikel,</p> + <p>Dho nevver spel won singuel partikel:</p> + <p>Cood faithfoolly dhe hoal prezent,</p> + <p>Widhout<a name="NtA_6" href="#Nt_6"><sup>[6]</sup></a> wonce shadd'wing hwat wer ment.</p> + </div> + </div> + <br clear="all" /> +<hr /> + +<h3>NOTES</h3> + +<div class="note"> + <p><a name="Nt_1" href="#NtA_1">[1]</a> If not vulgarized from + <i>batteller</i>.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_2" href="#NtA_2">[2]</a> Ov <i>mow</i> dhe vowel and + servile coalesce, (az in <i>sow</i>,) into' a dipthong, in dhe compound + noun <i>barley-mow</i>.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_3" href="#NtA_3">[3]</a> From dhe old barbarous French + <i>isle</i><a name="NtA_4" href="#Nt_4"><sup>[4]</sup></a>, + <i>faulte</i>, <i>voulte</i>, <i>recepte</i>, <i>debte</i>, + <i>doubte</i>; <i>parfaict</i>, <i>vraidict</i>: now duly <i>île</i>, + <i>faute</i>, <i>voute</i>, <i>recette</i>, <i>dette</i>, <i>doute</i>, + <i>parfait</i>, and <i>vraidit</i> from <i>verè dictum</i>.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_4" href="#NtA_4">[4]</a> Inglish propriety, and indeed + common-sense, must also protest against two' late <i>misnomers: + Th'isleworth</i> for <i>Thistelworth</i>; and dhe forrain affectacion ov + <i>St. Mary la bonne</i> (or even <i>borne</i>) for <i>Marribone</i>.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_5" href="#NtA_5">[5]</a> Without one particle, + representing what is read.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_6" href="#NtA_6">[6]</a> Widhout won partikel, + repprezenting hwat iz red.</p> + +</div> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Minniature ov Inglish Orthoggraphy +by James Elphinston + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INGLISH ORTHOGGRAPHY *** + +***** This file should be named 15901-h.htm or 15901-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various 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