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+Project Gutenberg's A Minniature ov Inglish Orthoggraphy, by James Elphinston
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Minniature ov Inglish Orthoggraphy
+
+Author: James Elphinston
+
+Release Date: May 25, 2005 [EBook #15901]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INGLISH ORTHOGGRAPHY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Starner, Keith Edkins and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+A
+MINNIATURE
+OV
+_INGLISH ORTHOGGRAPHY_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO'
+DHEIR ROYAL HIGHNESSES,
+DHE PRINCE AND PRINCES
+_OV WALES_;
+DHE DUKE AND DUTCHES
+_OV YORK_:
+ONNORED AZ UNDOUTED
+PATRONS AND PATTERNS
+OV EVVERY PROPRIETY:
+DHIS MINNIATURE
+
+Ov Inglish Orthoggraphy,
+
+_UMBLY HOPES UNIVERSAL ACCEPTANCE;_
+FROM DHE BENIGN PERMISSION
+OV BEING SO INSCRIBED,
+BY DHEIR ROYAL HIGHNESSES
+DEVOTED SERVANT,
+_James Elphinston_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A
+MINNIATURE
+OV
+
+Inglish Orthoggraphy:
+
+DEDDICATED TO'
+_DHE PRINCE AND PRINCES OF WALES_,
+DHE DUKE AND DUTCHES OV YORK:
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BY JAMES ELPHINSTON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_LONDON_:
+
+SOLD (Price 1 Shilling and 6 Pence) BY
+W. RITCHARDSON, ROYAL EXCHAINGE; T. BOOSEY, N. 4,
+BRAUD-STREET, DHARE; F. AND C. RIVVINGTON,
+N. 62; ST. PAULS CHURCHYARD; J. DEIGHTON,
+N. 325, HOLBORN; W. CLARK,
+N. 38, BOND-STREET.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+1795.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  1. _Introduccion_
+  2. _Orthoggraphy ascertained in dhe vowels, and dheir serviles_
+  3. _Vocal substitucion, licenced and licencious_
+  4. _Ov open and shut vowels_
+  5. _Ov dhe aspirates and dheir insertives_
+  6. _Ov redundant serviles_
+  7. _Ov impracticabel articulacion_
+  8. _Ov false aspiracion_
+  9. _Dhe guttural aspirate lost, or transmuted by moddern organs_
+  10. _Old _R_ aspirate_
+  11. _Oddher antiquated idellers_
+  12. _Final fantoms, or dubblers ov final forms_
+  13. _Oddher falsifiers, medial or final; licquids or sibbilants;
+      particcularly _TI_ for a sibbilacion_
+  14. _Dhe orthoggraphy ov propper names_
+  15. _Dhe fundamental principel ov orthoggraphy_
+  16. _The orthographic riddle_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A
+MINNIATURE
+OV
+_INGLISH ORTHOGGRAPHY._
+
+1. INTRODUCTION.
+
+Hwen evvery oddher language, and at last our own, haz been reduced to'
+science; rendered accountabel to' natives, and accessibel to' straingers;
+hwence iz it, dhat our practice, growing daily more a contrast dhan an
+exemplificacion ov our theory, tempts ignorance to' speak, az blind habbit
+spels; raddher dhan to' dream ov spelling, az propriety exhibbits her
+unremitted harmony, hweddher in word or writing? For propriety, hwarevver
+herd, can be seen onely in her picture: nor can dhis be duly drawn, but
+from dhe oridginal; or dhe likenes long prezerved, in dhe coppies ov
+vulgarrity.
+
+Scarce creddibel doz it seem, to' dhe anallogists ov oddher diccions, dhat
+hiddherto', in Inglish exhibiscion, evvery vowel and evvery consonant ar
+almoast az often falsifiers az immages ov dhe truith. Hetteroggraphy
+indeed, or false litterary picture, can arize onely from won, or a
+combinacion, ov foar cauzes: redundance, defiscience; mischoice, or
+misarraingement.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+2. ORTHOGGRAPHY ASCERTAINED IN DHE VOWELS, AND DHEIR SERVILES.
+
+It iz not now new, dhat evvery Inglish vowel haz, not onely a longuer and
+shorter, but even a different sound, az open or shut by a consonant; dho _A
+braud_, open and shut, differ but in quantity. Nor iz it yet a secret, dhat
+certain mutes, or silent letters, (espescially vocal quiescents,) ar named
+_serviles_; rendering essencial az vizzibel service, boath to' vowels and
+consonants. Hware such gards ar wanted, dhey doutles wil attend; and, hwen
+dhey proov superfluous, az reddily widhdraw. Dhus dhe open vowel ov dhe
+simpel shuts, and dhe serviles vannish, in dhe penultimate ov dhe compound:
+_shake_, _Shakspear_; _chear_, _cherfool_; _vine_, _vinyard_, and dhe like.
+So formatives: _stare_ and _stair_, _starling_; _steer_, _sterling_;
+_shere_, _sherrif_; _child_, _children_; _kind_, _kindred_; _know_,
+_knollege_; and dhe rest.
+
+Evvery open ear must allow dhe aspiracion (_h_) to' articculate iniscially
+dhe braud vocal licquid (_w_); nor longuer imadgine dhat _wh_, apparent,
+can becom _hw_ real; or dhat _what_, _whale_, _wheels_, can rascionally
+paint dhe power ov _hwat_, _hwale_, _hweels_. Dhe braud licquid (_w_) haz
+no place in _hoal_, total; or in _hore_, prostitute; distinct alike, to'
+dhe eye, from _hole_ and _hoar_. But _wh_, iniscial, may wel prommise _hw_;
+if _le_ and _re_, boath final, may picture _el_ and _er_: az we admire, not
+onely on dhe _little theatre_, but in dhe _centre_ ov dhe _battle_! Dho a
+tutch ov Rezons wand wil restore dhe buty ov truith; at wonce to' dhe
+_littel theater_, and to' dhe _center_ ov dhe _battel_; az such buty beamed
+in dhe former century.
+
+Dhe French _table_, _chambre_, _ancien_, _danger_, ar dhe unexcepcionabel
+parents ov dhe Inglilh _tabel_, _chaimber_, _aincient_, _dainger_; hoo ar
+too apt scollars, not to' lern from parental exampel, to' show dhemselvs
+hwat dhey ar; widhout wondering, dhat won tung iz not anoddher, or dhat
+each must hav her own essence and semblance; and dhat in ours, az in oddher
+picturage, _an open vowel must not appear a shut won_. Indispensabel dhen
+az dhe servile (_i_) in dhe three last exampels, iz it in _aingel_, dho
+inadmissibel in _angellic_; in evvery _ainge_ and _ainger_, like _rainge_
+and _rainger_; az wel az in _caimbric_ and _Caimbridge_; dho nedher in
+_Cam_ nor _Cambray_.
+
+If _a_ slender, open, must hav in such case its gardian; _a_ slender, even
+shut, hwen protracted, requires its protracting aspiracion (_h_): az in
+_ah! Mahlah_; so in _Pahtric_, _fahdher_, _pappah_, _mammah_, and _ahnt_;
+so distinct (dho safe enuf ungarded) from _ant_ dhe emmet. But _gahp_,
+herd, iz dhus no longuer seen _gape_. _Hant_, _hanch_, and dheir fellows,
+admit not dhe braudener; hwich iz indispensabel to' _wrauth, wauter_, and
+_vauz_; nor need dhe protracting aspirer, more dhan doo _chant_ and
+_branch_.
+
+_O_ must hav its own medial servant, to' ascertain its opennes; in _poark_,
+_poart_, _spoart_, _foart_, _foard_, _goard_, _soard_, (wonce _sword_),
+_foarth_, _foarce_, _foarge_; _boast_, _coast_, _goast_, _moast_, _poast_,
+and _boath_; justly az in dhe annimal _boar_, in _board_, _boast_, and
+dheir fellows; dho _slow_ gender _slowth_, reggularly, az _grow, growth_.
+Widh _poart_ and _poast_, _poartal_, _poarter_; _poastage_, and dhe like.
+
+Better no attendant, dhan a false won. _O_ direct (dhe common _o_) can
+nedher assume _o_, dhe servile ov _o_ depressive (_oo_); nor _u_, hwich
+wood seem its partner in a dipthong. _Doar_, _floar_, and _moar_, ar dhus
+reggular and safe; _dore_, _flore_, and _more_, widh equivvalent servile,
+leve _more_ coincident; yet compounds prefer dhe final servile: az
+_batteldore_,[1] _Blacmore_, _Hwitmore_; and _Strathmore_, scottishly
+strong on dhe latter syllabel.
+
+_Soll_, spirrit, avoids occular union widh _sole_, alike, and _soal_: by
+adopting dhe servile ov _poll_, _boll_, _toll_, _roll_ (widh _controll_,)
+_scroll_, and _droll_. Like dipthongal dainger precludes _u_ from dhe
+servile funccion, duly undertaken by _a_ in _soar_, _moarn_, _boarn_,
+distinct from _boren_ or _bor'n_, dhe compannion ov _woren_ or _wor'n_,
+_sworen_ or _swor'n_, _toren_ or _tor'n_, _shoren_ or _shor'n_, and clear,
+az open and shut, ov _born_; in _coart_, _goard_, _coarse_, and _soarce_.
+_Coarce_, dhe ded _boddy_, dies no more in _corpse_; hwen dhus _boren_
+decently to' interment. Dhis precaution suffers _o_ open, to' understand or
+omit, dhe servile before _l_ and anny oddher consonant: az in _old colt_,
+wonce seen and herd _ould coult_. If _old colt_ now suffice, _oald coalt_
+iz understood. For dhis rezon, _goald_ must no longuer be robbed ov its
+depressive servile, wonce legally seen in _gould_. _Au_, widh les plea,
+suppresses its servile in like sittuacion; az _salt_ and _alder_; except in
+dhe singuel _assault_! _saut_ and _vaut_ being, now, duly out ov dhe
+question.
+
+If _ou_ cannot now paint _o_ direct, much les can it picture _o_ depressive
+(_oo_); in _you_, _youth_, _uncouth_; _should_, _would_, or _could_: for
+_yoo_, _yooth_, _uncooth_; _shood_, _wood_, or _cood_. Hwen _ou_ Inglish
+transferred its equivvalence from dhe French _ou_ to' dhe German _au_,
+hwich compounds _a_ braud, widh _o_ depressive (_au_ widh _oo_); az itself
+cood no more be frenchly interchaingeabel widh _oo_; nedher ov its parts
+waz more likely to' becom so. _Do_ or _who_ can no more dhan _doe_ or
+_hoe_, (boath better employed!) or dhan _shoe_, _canoe_, _lose_, _move_,
+_prove_, _behove_; _Rome_, _Coke_, _Pole_, or simmilar; prezent dhe
+prezzent _doo_, _hoo_, _shoo_, _canoo_, _looz_, _moov_, _proov_, _behoov_,
+_Room_, _Cook_, _Pool_, or dhe like: for truith fears notthing from
+coincidence ov sound, and falsehood always leads astray. _B_ may
+distinctively open dhe vowel, in _climb_ and _comb_; but cannot render it
+also depressive in _comb_, _tomb_, _bomb_, and _womb_; for _coomb_,
+_toomb_, _boomb_, and _woomb_. Hwatevver _u_ may hav been in Lattin
+vocallity, dhat figgure cannot guiv _oo_, even open, in Inglish; far les
+_oo_ shut, in _pull_, _bull_, _full_; _butcher_, _put_, _pudding_, _puss_,
+_push_, _bush_; _bushel_, _cushion_; for _pool_, _bool_, _fool_,
+_bootcher_, _poot_, _poodding_, _poose_, _poosh_, _boosh_, _booshel_, and
+_coossion_: in all ov hwich, dhe _oo_ iz doutles short az shut; and
+distinct az _foolling_ and _fooling_. If _u_ cannot prommise _oo_ shut, no
+more can _oo_ proxy _u_ shut, in dhe singuel _foot_ for _fut_. No servile
+can attend a shut vowel; and _truith_ must hav her own, like _suit_ and
+_fruit_: in dhe French _bruit_ it iz also distinctive. Alreddy hav we seen
+_o_ direct disguized, no les dhan _o_ depressive; and can we longuer bair
+dhe Gallic _beau_, for dhe Brittish _boe_; more dhan dhe dubble falsifier
+_beauty_, for dhe Inglish _buty_, dhe sweet compannion ov _duty_?
+
+_Sew_, _shew_, and _strew_, wer dhe preddecessors, so cannot be dhe
+identities, ov _soe_, _show_, and _strow_: dhe first dhus occularly clear
+ov _sow_, so different verb and noun! dhe latter, distinct to' dhe ear by
+dhe dipthong, hwich also distinguishes _slough_, no more swallowing _sluf_:
+_toe_ and _tow_ (no more jostling widh _tough_, now _tuf_), _doe_ and
+_dough_, _floe_ and _flow_, being respective coincidents; clear indeed to'
+dhe eye, boath ov boddy and mind. _Ow_ final iz dipthongal in _how_, _now_!
+_bow_ bend; _cow_, noun or verb; _sow_, the noun; in _vow_, verb or noun;
+and in _allow_, _endow_. Dhe dipthong distinguishes also _slough_,
+_plough_, and _bough_ branch. _O_ remains merely simpel in _dough_, az if
+_dow_. _Bo!_ or _boh!_ interjeccion, coincides widh _boe_ and _bow_, boath
+nouns: dhe latter leving dhe dipthong to' dhe verb, or its accion, hwence
+dhe ball derives it in _bowl_; dhe open vowel distinguishing dhe _bowl_ or
+bason, coincident widh _boll_ and _bole_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+3. VOCAL SUBSTITUCION.
+
+Dho won semblance may exhibbit, not onely two' senses, but two' sounds; won
+symbol must not pretend to' paint anoddher, unles by distinctive
+substitution. _E_ proovs dhus dhe lawfool substitute ov _a_, in _heigh-ho!_
+moddernized _hey-ho!_ in _heighday_, now _hey-day!_ _weigh_, _wey_, _hwey_,
+_prey_, _bey_, _dey_; _dhey_, _dheir_, _eir_, _eight_, and _freight_; widh
+_obey_, _inveigh_, _convey_, _survey_, and _purvey_; az wel az hwen febel,
+in _parley_, _barley_, _Harley_, _Chudleigh_, and dheir fellows.
+
+But _e_ cannot be _a_, widh dhe servile dhat distinguishes _e_: _tear_
+cannot be clas-mate, at wonce to' _fear_ and _fair_. If dherfor _e_ cannot
+be _a_, widh _a_ servile; and _a_ need no substitute in dhe verbs _tair_,
+_wair_, _swair_, and _bair_; _peir_, dhe fruit, and _beir_, dhe beast,
+claim dhe substitute vowel, widh due servile; _pair_, _pare_, _bair_ and
+_bare_, being engaged. For like rezon, _braik_ and _grait_ admit no vocal
+substitute. _Where_ and _there_ no more puzzel dhan bely, in dheir own
+shape, ov _hware_ and _dhare_.
+
+_E_ fairly substituting dhe forrain _i_, in _pier_, _bier_, _mien_, _lief_,
+widh _belief_, _believ_; _relief_, _reliev_; and dhe rest; so distinct from
+_peer_, _beer_; _mean_, _leaf_; or so connected by alliance, forrain or
+domestic; dhe substitucion simmilarly prevails in _shriek_, _fiend_,
+_fief_, _brief_, _chief_, _atchiev_; _thief_, _thiev_; _repriev_,
+_retriev_; _pierce_, _fierce_, and _tierce_: ettymollogy howevver, scorning
+alike substitucion and superfluity, in _receiv_, _receit_, and dheir
+collaterals.
+
+Forrain semblance belied dhe adoptives, _oblige_, _marine_, _machine_,
+_magazine_, _fatigue_, _intrigue_, _antique_, and _shire_; til Londoners
+began to' treat dhem az natives ov Ingland; not dreaming dhat dheir essence
+cood not here be prezerved, but in dhe guize ov _oblege_, _marene_,
+_mashene_, _maggazene_, _fategue_, _intregue_, _anteke_ (or _anteek_,
+_mareen_, and dhe rest,) joined by _legue_, _twegue_, and _shere_: hwich
+last, dho dhus sevvered from _sheer_ and _shear_, boath coincident in
+sound, waz beguinning, in dhe false shape ov _shire_, (like _oblege_, in
+dhat ov _oblige_,) to' violate Inglish harmony in evvery British nacion.
+Dhe same propriety, dhat dhus gards dhe Inglish vowel (_e_), prezervs, no
+les _piously_, dhe parental equivvalent (_i_), in _obligacion_, _marriner_,
+_mackinate_, _mackinacion_, _indefattigabel_, _anticquity_, az wel az
+_antiquary_; and evvery forrain buty, consistent widh domestic truith.
+
+If dhe prezzent century hav made manny improovments, in orthoggraphy and
+elsehware; it haz certainly made manny alteracions, dhat wer dhe verry
+reverse ov improovment. Som eying truith, onely in her parents, wood
+_allege_ dhat _virtue_ alone cood _persuade_; havving lernedly perfwaded
+dhemselvs, dhat _vertue_ might hav _sweetnes_, widhout partaking _suavity_,
+by hwich dhey pictured _swavvity_. It seems howevver high time dhat a
+certain kingdom, at length panting after evvery propriety, shood know and
+confes, dhat her name iz no more _England_, dhan _Engelonde_ or _Angland_;
+or dhan her sovverain iz _king ov France_!
+
+Since won symbol must no more usurp dhe office ov anoddher, _o_ wil no
+longuer pretend to' paint _A braud_ open (_au_); in _ought_, _nought_,
+_brought_, _thought_, _sought_, _fought_, _bought_; for _aught_ (now indeed
+_aut_), and dhe rest: nor wil _groat_ and _broad_ expect anny more, to' be
+acknolleged _graut_ and _braud_.
+
+Nedher _tongue_ nor _tong_ (alreddy won ov a pair) can picture _tung_; dho
+_u_ stil employ dhe distinctive substitucion ov _o_ in _son_, male issue;
+nor les propperly dhe ettymolodgic in _yong_, _mong_, _mongrel_, _monk_,
+(widh _monkey_,) and _Monday_; in _monney_, _bonney_, _conney_, _condit_,
+_constabel_; az in _yolk_, so in _covver_, _hovver_, _plovver_; in _lovver_
+and _glovver_, from _lov_ and _glov_. _Cullor_ (nevver _colour_) avoids
+coincidence equally widh _collar_ and _coller_; dhe latter greekly, not
+frenchly, affected _choler_.
+
+But surely a vocal groop cannot shrink into' an Inglish shut vowel: nor
+cood dhe following French, or almoast French, be suppozed Inglish words:
+_souple_, _couple_; _double_, _trouble_; _nourish_, _flourish_; _courage_,
+_courteous_, _country_, _cousin_; _journey_, _journal_; _sojourn_,
+_adjourn_, and _touch_; more dhan such oddities claim continnuance, az
+_young_, _rough_, or _tough_: for _suppel_ (alreddy almoast Inglish in
+_supple_,) _cuppel_; _dubbel_, _trubbel_; _nurrish_, _flurrish_; _currage_,
+_curteous_; _contry_ (ettymolodgical substitute ov _cuntry_; like _yong_,
+ov _yung_;) _cozzen_ az _dozzen_, no more _dozen_! _jurney_, _jurnal_;
+_sodjurn_, _adjurn_, widh _tutch_; _tuf_ and _ruf_: not to' reprezent dhe
+so duly exploded, az _authour_, _succour_, _superiour_ for _author_,
+_succor_, _superior_; hweddher agent, accion, or adjective.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+4. OV OPEN AND SHUT VOWELS.
+
+Az vocallity must often depend on articulacion; consonants, like vowels,
+must nedher be too manny, too few, nor oddher dhan dhemselvs. If sounds
+open must not seem shut, sounds shut must not appear open. No servile can
+attend a shut vowel; hwich, on dhe contrary, must show dhe consonant dhat
+shuts it. Hwen a consonant concludes dhe syllabel, after an open vowel; a
+servile must gard dhe vowel from dhe consonant, hwich else wood shut it. A
+shut vowel dhen must show dhe shutter, or be left apparently open.
+
+Dhe first vowel (_a_), slender or braud, may doutles be more or les so, by
+dhe prezzence or absence ov dhe _stres_, or vocal exercion. _A_ slender,
+self or substitute, iz open az garded, in _fain_, _fein_, and _fane_;
+_wail_, and _wale_; open az unshut, in _paper_, _favor_, _braver_,
+_bravest_, _braving_, _braved_: so in _fainer_, _feiner_; az wel az
+_faining_, _feined_; _wailing_, _wailed_; _waling_, _waled_; articculated
+_pa-per_, _fa-vor_, _bra-ver_, _bra-vest_; _fai-ner_, _fei-ner_, and so on:
+for _a singuel consonant_, natturally (dhence nescessarily) _articculates
+dhe following, _not dhe preceding_ vowel_. _A_, slender, iz shut in _fan_,
+_fanning_; and the like. _A braud (au)_ haz its own distinctive servile in
+_faun_ and _fawn_, in _all_ and _awl_, _ball_ and _bawl_. Dho _l_ remain
+dhe servile in _balling_, az wel az dhe _w_ in _bawling_; it iz no servile,
+but dhe effective shutter, in _ballot_, _bal-lot_, or dhe like.
+
+_A braud_, shut, plays its own part, hwen articculated by _w_ or _qu_
+(vertually _cw_,) in dhe propper _Waller_, az in _wallet_ or _quallity_; in
+_war_, _quarrel_; _wart_, _quart_; _wan_, _want_, _quantity_, and such. _A
+braud_, shut, not so articculated, substitutes _o_ shut: dhus dhe _o_ ov
+_cord_ iz perfetly coincident, or unison, widh dhe _a_ in _ward_. Hware _a_
+performs its own braud-shut part, _o_ becoms dhe substitute ov _u_ shut, az
+in _won word_; _quoth_ and _quod_.
+
+_E_ iz dhus open in _mean_ and _mien_, _tiend_ and _fiend_, _siev_ and
+_seiz_; widh _grief_, _griev_; _relief_, _reliev_; _receiv_, _receit_, and
+dheir fellows. Open iz _e_ likewize in _meat_, _meet_, and _mete_; (three
+coincident!) _meeting_, _meting_, and _meter_; shut in _men_, _pen_, _fen_;
+_met_, _set_; _penny_, _fennel_; _penning_, _setting_: and so foarth.
+
+_I_ iz open in _fine_, _finer_, _finish_; _dine_, _dining_, and _diner_;
+_rime_, _riming_, and _rimer_; _fi-ner_, _fi-nish_, and so on: shut in
+_fin_, _finnish_; _din_, _dinner_; _brim_, _brimmer_; _fin-nish,_ and
+simmilar.
+
+_O_ iz open in _Po_, _pole_, _polar_, and _polish_; _mode_, _modish_;
+_soal_, _sole_, and _soll_; shut in _sollace_, _pollish_, and _moddest_;
+_po-lish_, _pol-lish_, and dhe like.
+
+_U_ iz open in _unit_, _unite_; _tune_, _tunic_, _punic_, _studious_; shut
+in _studdy_, _unabated_: _u-nit_, _stu-dent_, _stud-dy_, _un-a-ba-ted_;
+such compounds being licenced to' take in dhe singuel consonant ov dhe
+prepoziscion.
+
+So hear we, and so see we,
+
+_a_, _e_, _i_, _o_, _u_, open; _ar_, _er_, _il_, _on_, _us_, shut; _may_,
+_me_, _my_, _mow_[2], _mew_; _mas_, _mes_, _mis_, _mos_, _must_. So _Mary_,
+_marry_; _even_, _sevven_; _ivy_, _Livvy_; _odor_, _odder_; _student_,
+_studdy._
+
+If dhen open vowels must appear open, shut vowels must appear shut.
+Forrain, even parental, diccions cannot rule dhe picture ov dhe native: for
+picture can hav but won oridginal. Widh parrity ov rezon may (and must
+often) dhe parental vowel be open, and dhe descendant shut. To' edher iz
+_Popes_ laconnic line applicabel:
+
+  _Dhis dhey, dhat know me, know; dhat lov me, tel._
+
+To' keep Inglish, dhus like French and Lattin, or spelling dhe contrast ov
+speech; our litterature haz hiddherto' no likenes ov our language; and haz
+continnued inaccessibel to' evvery native, az much az to' evvery strainger.
+For, hwile we lernedly lov to' see
+
+        Aloe, melon, lily, solemn,
+   carol, very, spirit, coral, borough,
+   manor, tenant, minute, honor, punish,
+  clamor, blemish, limit, comet, pumice,
+       chapel, leper, triple, copy,
+      habit, rebel, tribute, probate,
+             heifer, profit,
+    cavil, revel, drivel, novel, hovel,
+       city, pity, british, critic,
+     madam, credit, idiom, body, study,
+               tacit, licit,
+    hazard, ezad, lizard, closet, bosom,
+                   vicar,
+                  liquor,
+                  liquid,
+                   rigor,
+                   rigid:
+
+We shrewdly hope to' hear,
+
+        Alloe, mellon, lilly, sollemn,
+    carrol, verry, spirrit, corral, burrow,
+   mannor, tennant, minnute, onnor, punnish,
+  clammor, blemmish, limmit, commet, pummice,
+      chappel, lepper, trippel, coppy,
+     habbit, rebbel, tribbute, probbate,
+              heffer, proffit,
+   cavvil, revvel, drivvel, novvel, hovvel,
+       citty, pitty, brittish, crittic,
+   maddam, creddit, iddiom, boddy, studdy,
+               tascit, liscit,
+  hazzard, ezzad, lizzard, clozzet, buzzom,
+                   viccar,
+                   liccor,
+                  licquid,
+                   riggor,
+                   ridgid.
+
+Hwile dhus notthing but _s_ can dubbel soft _c_, or sibbilantly shut dhe
+preceding vowel; and render _precious_, or _vicious_, hwat dhey ar; but
+_prescious_, or _viscious_; dhe sibbilants direct simpel figgure may not
+onely becom, in dhe ostensibel _physic_, _visit_, and _vision_, a dubbel
+depressive; in dhe real _phyzzic_, _vizzit_, and _vizzion_; but work equal
+wonders, in _polysyllables_ ov anny extension; pretending, in dhe verry
+name, to' paint _pollysyllabels_. And dhus dhe trokees grow innumerabel,
+dhat shut and sharpen, shortening dhe former vowel; hwich dhey hav
+hiddherto' pretended to' exhibbit slowly and smoodhly open: so leving
+singuel dhe intermediate articulacion, hwich must be audibly dubbel, (must
+shut az wel az articculate,) and continnue dhe equal impossibillity, ov
+reading and writing our language.
+
+For, _hwen_ our _diccion_ attains, like _oddhers_, _dhe_ happy _habbit_
+_ov_ appearing hwat it iz; alternate strength and febelnes must prezent
+_mallice_ and _maliscious_, _sollemn_ and _solemnity_, _morral_ and
+_morallity_, _mannor_ and _manorial_, _limmit_ and _limmitacion_, _habbit_
+and _habittual_, _spirrit_, _spirritual_, and _spirrituallity_. So evvery
+consequencial, hweddher ov trocaic or dactyllian stres: _orrigin_,
+_oridginal_, _oridginality_, or _originallity_, _reallity_, _quallity_,
+_equallity_, _verrity_, _verrily_, _ennemy_, _ammity_, _appathy_,
+_probbity_; so, widh _propphet_, _propphesy_, and _propphecy_; but, by
+penultimate or antepenultimate ennergy, (dhe stres on last but won, or last
+but two',) _prophettic_, or _prophettical_: widh _philossophy_,
+_philossopher_, and _philosopphic_; widh _avvarice_, _avvariscious_;
+_lodgic_, _logiscian_; _phyzzic_, _phyziscian_; _immage_, _imadgine_;
+_madjesty_, _majestic_. Az _alliment_, _saccrament_; az _orrifice_,
+_saccrifice_, and _orrator_, widhout violacion ov aught _sacred_, or
+chainge ov _oracion_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+5. OV DHE ASPIRATES, AND DHEIR INSERTIVES.
+
+_Oracion_ indeed iz dhus kept _sacred_ az _orrator_: for _t_ cood nevver
+sibbilate (or play _s_) in _orthoggraphy_, aincient or moddern; nor a
+dubbel articulacion pretend to' look singuel, more dhan a singuel a dubbel
+won. Dhe dactyl _orthodox_ admits littel chainge in dhe dubbel trokee
+_orthodoxy_; like _mellancolly_, vulgarly _melancholy_: but _orthoggraphy_
+and _orthograpphical_ ar, widh equal harmony, subject to' antepenultimate
+power. Like Propriety dherfor inserts dhe shutter we hear, in dhe
+duplication, az ov evvery simpel, so ov evvery aspirate, duly dubbled by
+dhe simpel insertive. Dhus _p_ dubbels _ph_, and even _f_, _f_; in
+_propphet_, and _proffit_. But, az _ph_ became _f_; so _bh_, universally
+_v_, nescessarily dubbelled in _provverb_. Az _s_ or _z_ dubbels dhe soft
+sibbilant aspirate, (_sh_ or _zh_) in _prescious_, _decizzion_, _t_ or _d_,
+respectively, dubbled dhat dhey rendered equal to' _tsh_ or _dzh_: az
+_tutching_ dhe _madjesty_ ov _relidgion_.
+
+But dhe Inglish tung, (raddher teeth,) enjoying dhe _dental aspirate_,
+direct and depressive (_th_ and _dh_), beyond perhaps anny oddher language,
+aincient or moddern; can no longuer be denied dhe appearance, hware it so
+peculiarly pozesses dhe reallity, ov dubbling az wel az depressing its
+power. No more dhen can be confounded dhe aspirates ov _oath_, _oadhs_; ov
+_bath_, _badhs_, and _badhe_; ov _Otho_ and _oddher_, _Clotho_ and
+_clodhier_, _dhis thing_ and _dhat thing_; _dheze things_ and _dhoze
+things_: misaspiracion wil no more embarras, dhan misarraingement, _Dhe
+Theater_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+6. OV REDUNDANT SERVILES.
+
+If _defiscience_ ov symbols hav been so ezily and so amply exampelled; a
+ballance may be proffered in _redundance_; ov consonants, no les dhan ov
+serviles. Hwen evvery mute minnister waz supplied to' vocallity; dhe
+hardening gard ov _g_, at least, shood not hav been forgotten. If _i_ waz
+indispensabel in _aingel_ and _dainger, u_ iz az recquizite in _anguel_ and
+_anguer_, az in _guerdon_. _Guet_ and _guiv_ demand dhe (_u_) hardener, az
+boldly az _gues_ and _guilt_. So redundance alreddy recalls, in order to'
+explode, _guess_ and _give!_ Widh dhis not onely _seeing_ (for _seing_) and
+dhe like; but dhe falsifying final ov _are_, _were_; _awe_, _owe_; _some_,
+_come_; _above_, _dove_, _love_, _glove_; _throve_, _drove_, _shrove_,
+_shove_, _hove_; for _ar_, _wer_; _aw_, _ow_; _som_, _com_; _abov_, _dov_,
+_lov_, _glov_; _throv_, _drov_, _shrov_, _shov_, _hov_: hwere _o_ for _u_
+guivs to' the ear, _sum_ distinctive, widh _cum_, _abuv_, and dhe rest.
+
+Superfluous, dhence obstructive, (distractive indeed!) dhe _i_ ov _either_,
+_neither_; _heifer_ and _friend_; dhe _o_ ov _people_ and _yeoman_;
+_leopard_ and _jeopard_; dhe _u_ ov _eulogy_, az ov _eulogium_; ov
+_conduit_, vertually _cundit_: _a_, obviously useles, after an oddherwize
+open vowel, in _season_, _reason_, _treason_, _treacle_, _creature_; in
+_eave_, _heave_, _weave_, _leave_, _cleave_, _reave_, _greave_; _cease_,
+_lease_, _crease_, _grease_; _teaze_, _ease_, _please_; like dhe _e_ final
+to' _sieve_, _grieve_, _relieve_, _receive;_ dhe second _e_ in _sleeve_,
+_geese_, _fleece_, _freeze_, _breeze_, _squeeze_, _cheese_: for _edher_,
+_nedher_; _heffer_, _frend_; _pepel_ and _yeman_, _leppard_, and _jeppard_;
+_ellogy_, az _elogium_; widh _condit_: so _sezon_, _rezon_, _trezon_,
+_trekel_, _creture_; _eve_, _heve_, _weve_, _leve_, _cleve_, _reve_,
+_greve_; _cese_, _lese_, _crese_, _grese_; _teze_, _eze_, _pleze_: _siev_,
+_griev_, _reliev_, _receiv_; _sleve_, _guese_, _flece_, _freze_, _breze_,
+_squeze_, _cheze_. But, like dhe _i_ ov _heifer_ and _friend_, dhe _o_ ov
+_leopard_ and _jeopard_; dhe _u_ ov _eulogy_; iz dhe _a_ ov _leap_-year and
+ov _neap_-tide; for _lep_-year and _nep_-tide; nay, shamefoolly, like dhe
+superfluity in all dheze, haz dhe _a_ hiddherto' remained in _health_,
+_wealth_, and _stealth_; becauz it stil iz nescessary in _heal_, _weal_,
+and _steal_! and doutles, for som simmilarly cogent rezon, doz kind _a_
+continnue to' gard dhe same _shut vowel_! in _realm_, _earl_, _pearl_;
+_earn_, _learn_; _early_, _earnest_; _earth_, _dearth_, _hearth_, _heard_,
+_hearse_, _rehearse_, _searce_, _search_, _threat_, _deaf_, _dead_, _head_,
+_bread_, _tread_, _dread_, _thread_, _stead_, _lead_, _read_; _ready_,
+_steady_, _heady_, _meadow_; _zealous_, _jealous_, _weapon_, _leaven_,
+_heaven_, _endeavour_; _pleasure_, _measure_, _treasure_, _leasure_ or
+_leisure_! for _helth_, _welth_, _stelth_; _relm_, _erl_, _perl_; _ern_,
+_lern_; _erly_, _ernest_; _erth_, _derth_, _herth_, _herd_, _herse_,
+_reherse_, _serce_, _serch_; _thret_, _def_, _ded_, _hed_, _bred_, _tred_,
+_dred_, _thred_, _sted_, _led_, _red_; _reddy_, _steddy_, _heddy_,
+_meddow_; _zellous_, _jellous_; _weppon_, _levven_, _hevven_, _endevvor_,
+_plezzure_, _mezzure_, _trezzure_, _lezzure_.
+
+How (alas!) wil BRITTISH LIBBERTY moarn her novvel chains, hwen she must
+not onely speak az she thinks, but write as she speaks; hwen _rove_, _lov_,
+and _moov_, can chime no more togueddher; hwen _lead_ and _led_, _read_ and
+_red_, _live_ and _liv_, _tear_ and _tair_, ar found oppozite, az _East_
+and _West_; nay, az open and shut vowels!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+7. OV IMPRACTICABEL ARTICULACION.
+
+No les embarrassing iz dhe redundance ov impracticabel articulacion,
+iniscial, medial, or final, (in dhe beguinning, middel, or end, ov words:)
+dhe first indeed chiefly in forrain names, titels, or terms, hware a
+consonant, uncombinabel (mediately or immediately) widh a vowel, remains a
+ded rellic: az dhe _c_ ov _czar_ (dho contracted from _Cezar_), dhe _p_ ov
+_Ptollemy_ (mere _Tollemy_), or _ptisic_ (for _tizzic_), dhe _b_ ov
+_bdellium_, herd onely _dellium_; and even dhe _p_ ov psalm, herd but
+_sahm_, dho dhe _l_ be stil audibel in _psalmist_ and _psalmody_, all
+effective beside dhe labial (_p_).
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+8. OV FALSE ASPIRACION.
+
+But no exampel can warrant dhe aspiring ideller, dhat pretends to' lead
+_heir_, _heritage_, _heritable_, _heritor_; _herb_, _herbage_, _herbalist_;
+_honour_, _honorary_, _honourable_; and even dhe _humble humour_ ov dhe
+_passing hour_; insted ov _eir_, _erritage_, _erritabel_, _erritor_; _erb_,
+_erbage_, _erbalist_; _onnor_, _onnorary_, _onnorabel_; widh dhe _umbel
+umor_ ov dhe prezzent _our_; hwich doutles can alone be called _our our_.
+Yet aspiracion cannot be denied to' _inherrit_, _inherritance_,
+_inherritor_, _heredditary_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+9. DHE GUTTURAL ASPIRATE LOST, OR TRANSMUTED BY MODDERN ORGANS.
+
+Dhe consonants dhat subjoin aspiracion (_h_), ar dhe labial, dental,
+lingual, and guttural; or dhe articculants from dhe lips, teeth, tung, and
+throat: _p_, _t_, _s_, and _k_; by dhe Lattins turned into _c_: az in
+_Philadelphus_ and _Philadelphia_, _Thales_ and _Thalia_, _Sharon_ and
+_Sheba_, _Charon_ and _Chilo_, hoom dhe Inglish, havving smoodhed away dhe
+aspiracion, ar fain to' call _Caron_ and _Kilo_.
+
+Aincient organs, howevver, dubbelled occazionally dhe guttural, az wel az
+dhe labial aspirate; dooing equal justice to' _Bacchus_ and to' _Sappho_:
+moddern also, (peculiarly the Inglish,) dhe oddher two'; dhe simpel always
+sufficing to' dubbel dhe aspirate. New dialects softening, lost dhe
+guttural aspirate; til dhe Spannish probbably recovvered it from dhe
+Morish. The Itallian and Spannish, and from dhem dhe Inglish, endevvored
+to' make up dhe los, by prefixing dhe simpel dental to' dhe lingual or
+sibbilant aspirate, hwich dhe Gallic ear preferred widhout dhe dental;
+preferring dherfor dhe vertual _sh_ and _zh_ to' _tsh_ and _dzh_. Inglish
+organs loozing, like French, dhe guttural aspirate, edher dropt dhe
+aspiracion, az in _carracter_ and _kemmist_ or _kymmist_; from _character_
+and _chemist_ or _chymist_; or turned dhe hoal ruf guttural into' dhe
+smoodh labial aspirate. So softening _cough_, _hough_, _trough_, _through_,
+_though_; _rough_, _tough_, _slough_, _chough_, widh dhe proppers _Hough_,
+_Brough_, and _Loughborough_; into' _cof_, _hof_, _trof_; _throo_ or
+_thro'_, and _dho_: _ruf_, _tuf_, _sluf_, _chuf_; _Huf_, _Bruf_, and
+_Lufburrough_ or _Lufburrow_. But _Gough_ perhaps Orrigin recalled into'
+_Goffe_ or _Gof_; hwile _Lough_ became Inglishly _Luf_, and dhe guttural
+graddually melted in _burrow_, ov hwatevver kind.
+
+Aincient ellocucion depressed no aspirate; sattisfied widh _ph_ or _f_,
+_th_, _sh_, and _kh_ or _ch_; widhout _bh_ or _v_, _dh_, _zh_ or _gh_. Dhe
+labial aspirate gennerated dhe Eollic digamma F (howevver turned), hwich by
+and by gave birth to' dhe Lattin V. If primmitive tungs gain dhus at length
+won depressive aspirate; succeding expression, particcularly dhe Inglish,
+came to' dubbel dhe depressive _v_ az wel az dhe direct _ph_ or _f_. French
+articculacion havving no more occazion for such dubbling dhan her parent
+Lattin, dhe Inglish acute or sharp accent askt it _evvery_ moment; but
+seing no _prescedent_ in oddher picturage, forbore to' _exhibbit_ it, even
+until dhe _prezzent our_, dhat Inglish anallogy, matured at last, rezolved
+to' be _seen_, az wel az _herd_; to' reggulate practice by theory, and
+realize theory in practice.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+10. DHE OLD ASPIRATE OV R.
+
+Som Greeks, followed by som Lattins, fancied to' ad rufnes to' dhe licquid
+_R_, or to' paint its innate rufnes more foarcibly, by subjoining
+aspiracion. Hence rushed dhe _Rhine_ and dhe _Rhone_, dhe _Rhemi_ and
+_Rheims_, _Rhoda_ and _Rhodes_; _rhomb_, _rhumb_, _rheum_, and _rhubarb_.
+Dhe _Rhine_ brought _Rhenish_; az _rhythmus_ _rhythm_, _rhyme_ and _rhime_;
+til at length harmonious _rezon_ introduced _rime_, boath into' French and
+Inglish; hwence dhe regennerated _Rine_, pouring purified _Rennish_, rouzed
+dhe rappid _Rone_ to' rezistles emmulacion; brought _Roda_ to' _Rodes_, and
+_rubarb_ to' _reumatism_. Dhe verry _rinosceros_ disdains now alike to'
+ruffen hiz horn widh adscitiscious snorting, and to' stifel even hiz
+moddern sibbilacion.
+
+Hwen dhe guttural aspirate lost dhe aspiracion, dhe simpel guttural alone
+cood remain: az in _Caron_, _Kiron_, _Akilles_, _Cloe_, _Cronus_; widh
+_carracter_, _corus_, and _coral_, stil quite clear ov _corral_: wonce
+seen, because wonce herd, _Charon_, _Chiron_, _Achilles_, _Chloe_,
+_Chronus_, _character_, _chorus_, and _choral_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+11. ODDHER ANTIQUATED IDELLERS.
+
+Among medial idellers, hiddherto', not onely suffered, but sanccioned, even
+after parental ejeccion, ar[3] dhe _s_ ov _isle_; _l_ ov _fault_ and
+_vault_, _p_ ov _receipt_, _b_ ov _debt_ and _doubt; c_ ov _perfect_ and
+_verdict_[3]; here at last fairly seen _ile_, _faut_, _vaut_, _receit_,
+_det_, _dout_, _perfet_, _verdit_. Alike idel iz dhe raddical _g_ ov
+_feign_ and _deign_, for _fein_ and _dain_; and, werse (if possibel) dhan
+idel, dhe _g_ ov _foreign_ and _sovereign_, for _forrain_ and _sovverain_,
+from _forain_ and _souverain_; az dheze from _foraneus_ and _supraneus_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+12. FINAL FANTOMS, OR DUBBLERS OV FINAL FORMS.
+
+How manny final fantoms, in articculating shape, must Truiths torch beam
+away! how manny dubblers ov a singuel clozer, espescially _l_, _f_, _s_,
+and _c_! az _ill_, _off_, _ass_, _back_; so _err_, _inn_, _ebb_, _add_,
+_odd_, _egg_: really no more, nor capabel ov being more, dhan _il_, _of_,
+_as_, _bac_; _er_, _in_, _eb_, _ad_, _od_, _eg_. _Shall_, for _shal_, doz
+addiscional mischief, by inviting ignorance to' brauden dhe vowel.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+13. ODDHER FALSIFIERS, MEDIAL OR FINAL, OV LICQUIDS OR SIBBILANTS;
+PARTICCULARLY, _TI_ FOR A SIBBILACION.
+
+Our misrepprezented consonants seem reducibel to' dheze. 1. Licquid for
+licquid: _l_ for _r_, in dhe French _colonel_ for dhe Inglish _curnel_; _n_
+for _m_, in dhe unutterabel _Banff_, for dhe good town ov _Bamf_. Here too
+may enter for explozion, dhe _n_ ov dhe indeffinite artikel, hweddher
+before a licquefaccion or an aspiracion; nedher ov hwich iz a vowel: so can
+we no more say _an unicorn_ dhan _an horse_, for _a unicorn_ or _a horse_.
+2. Direct for depressive; _f_ for _v_, in _of_ for _ov_; _s_ for _z_, in
+_as_, _has_, _was_, _is_, _his_; for _az_, _haz_, _waz_, _iz_, _hiz_: in
+dhe verbs, _house_, _use_, _peruse_, _abuse_, _excuse_, _amuse_, like
+_muse_, noun or verb; _chuse_ or _choose_, widh dhe _dubbly_ fallacious
+_lose_ and _vase_: for _houz_ (like _brouz_), _uze_, _peruze_, _abuze_,
+_excuze_, _amuze_, _muze_, _chuze_ or _chooz_, _looz_, and _vauz_. Dhe
+verbs dhus, duly sevvered from dhe nouns, lead to' distinguish dhe verb
+_refuze_ from dhe adjective _refuse_, az wel az from dhe substantive
+_reffuse_. _Profuze_ and _profuse_, _diffuze_ and _diffuse_, ar simmilarly
+distinguishabel. Az we saw _s_ play _dubbel z_ in _visit_ and _vision_, for
+_vizzit_ and _vizzion_; so see we dubbel _s_ for _z_ in dhe middel, and for
+won _s_ in dhe end ov _possess_, for _pozes_; hwich hwile oppozite stres
+secures to' dhe ear from dhe formative ov _poze_, az _cares_ from dhat ov
+_care_, dhe context may wel guide dhe eye ov attension to' dhe undouted
+meaning. No wonder if dhe direct figgure ov dhe sibbilant frenchly _rose_,
+and _occasionally rises_, for dhe depressive reallity; _s_ for _z_ in
+_rose_ and _rises_, _occasionally_ between vowels; for _occazionally roze_
+and _rizes_; nay for dhe dubbel depressive in _risen_, for _rizzen_. Dhis
+rivals indeed _Stephen_ for _Steven_, and even _nephew_ for _nevvew_. If
+_Stephanus_ pretended to' pattronize dhe won, _neveu_ (not _nepos_) must
+command dhe oddher.
+
+But dhe French acaddemy, so exemplary in evvery exhibiscion ov its
+language, set nohwere so fatal or so followed an exampel, az in pretending
+to' conjure _ti_ into' _si_ before a vowel: a combinacion indeed! hwich
+Inglish picturage ventured onely to' constitute, raddher substitute, a
+sibbilant aspirate; dhe same groop _condition_ prezenting in won picturage
+_condicion_; and dhence in dhe oddher _condiscion_. Yet French led not
+Inglish into' dhe dissolucion ov _x_ into' _ct_, in _flexion_, _reflexion_;
+hwich dhe former nevver violated into' _flection_, _reflection_, or dhe
+like.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+14. DHE ORTHOGGRAPHY OV PROPPER NAMES.
+
+Innocent howevver wer oddher tungs ov mispainting, az ov mispronouncing dhe
+dental aspirate; hwich not attempting to' substanciate even direct, far les
+depressive, dhey aught not, at least need not, to' paint at all: az dhe
+French _Tomas_, if les like hiz parent dhan _Thomas_, wood be so much liker
+himself; hwile _Tommas_ alone can tel Inglish truith.
+
+But dhat _Tommas_, dho a gennerous confessor ov conviccion, iz not dhe
+alone Brittish truith-teller; dhat he iz rivalled indeed by evvery oddher
+propper aincient and moddern, can be no novvelty to' anny crittic ov
+litterary natturalizement; hoo must onnor at wonce dhe, hware possibel,
+prezerved ennergy ov orrigin; and dhe inviolate prezzervacion ov Inglish
+anallogy; in dhe unchainged compannions ov _Euphrates_, _Darius_,
+_Heraclitus_, _Berea_, _Thalia_, and dhe rest; az wel az in dhe
+irreffragabel buties ov _Horrace_, _Terrence_, _Cezar_, _Ciscero_,
+_Senneca_, _Soccrates_, _Democcritus_, _Empeddocles_, _Heroddotus_, no les
+dhan ov _Jon_, _Phillip_, _Robbert_, _Parris_, widh _Hellen_, _Elizzabeth_,
+and dheir oddher Anglicized frends.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+15. DHE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPEL OV ORTHOGGRAPHY.
+
+Such iz dhe system ov INGLISH ORTHOGGRAPHY, braught widhin dhe compas ov a
+few pages, on dhe unfailing principel, hwich aught to' govvern evvery plan
+ov litterary improovment: first, to' make no chainge dhat can rascionally
+be avoided; and dhen to' make precisely evvery variacion, from vulgar
+practice, dhat can be demonstrated indispensabel. Nor iz dhis aught else
+dhan a completed minniature ov INGLISH PROPRIETY _ascertained in her
+picture_: two quarto-vollumes graciously received by hiz prezzent Brittish
+Madjesty, from dhe same umbel hands; at St. Jameses, in 1786.
+
+DHE END.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE ORTHOGRAPHIC RIDDLE.
+
+PREFACE.
+
+  These emanations of the British Muse,
+  Where English thoughts could English dress refuse,
+  Were once presented to another press,
+  Though thence borne back, as hopeless of success.
+  What honest critic e'er could credit eligible,
+  Riddles to his researches unintelligible?
+  When ready caution guards the lit'rate realm,
+  Never shall foreign floods these isles o'erwhelm:
+  Orthography the mother-tongue shall give,
+  Ever, as every where, with Truth to live;
+  Truth, Reason, Beauty shall o'erspread the nation;
+  Shall solve the RIDDLE, with one contemplation.
+
+      The public monitor of truth,
+      Sworn enemy to what's uncouth,
+      With blockheads similarly spells,
+      (Orthography with pleasure tells)
+      That thus the force of ridicule
+      Should laugh the learned back to school.
+      What then should cause that laughter strange?
+      What should occasion gen'ral change?
+
+  Orthography the answer gives,
+  To satisfy whoever lives.
+  The honest will confess the pity,
+  Court, country, citadel with city;
+  That ancients, with the giddy young,
+  Should study still the Latin tongue;
+  Should leave to levity, to dolour,
+  The unproficient English scholar;
+  Should give the very stranger dread,
+  Of gibberish, that ne'er was read;
+  That ne'er was heard, without derision,
+  Eschewing ocular revision.
+
+  This one example well will prove,
+  Will lib'ral laughter doubtless move:
+  When Pedantry shall cease to swell,
+  Honour'd Humility will spell.
+  The beauty then, of British truth,
+  Resistless shall enamour youth;
+  Shall evidence th' asseveration,
+  Throughout th' etymologic nation;
+  That one poetic exhibition
+  Could, without lit'ral intuition,
+  Fill ev'ry literary article,
+  Though never spell one single particle:
+  Could faithfully the whole present,
+  Without[5] once shad'wing what were meant.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DHE SOLUCION OV DHE ORTHOGRAPPHIC RIDDEL.
+
+PREFFACE.
+
+  Dheze emmanacions ov dhe Brittish Muze,
+  Hware Inglish thaughts cood Inglish dres refuze,
+  Wer wonce prezented to' anoddher pres,
+  Dho dhence bor'n bac az hopeles ov succes.
+  Hwat onnest crittic ehr cood creddit elligibel,
+  Riddels to' hiz reserches unintelligibel?
+  Hwen steddy caucion gards dhe litt'rate relm,
+  Nevver shal forrain fluds dheze iles o'rhwelm:
+  Orthoggraphy dhe moddher-tung shal guiv,
+  Evver, az evv'rihware, widh Truith to' liv;
+  Truith, Rezon, Buty shal o'rspred dhe nacion;
+  Shal solv dhe RIDDEL, widh won contemplacion.
+
+      Dhe pubblic monnitor ov truith,
+      Swor'n ennemy to' hwat'z uncooth,
+      Widh blockheds simmilarly spels,
+      (Orthoggraphy widh plezzure tels)
+      Dhat dhus dhe foarce ov riddicule
+      Shood laf dhe lerned bac to' scool.
+      Hwat dhen shood cauz dhat lafter strainge?
+      Hwat shood occazion genn'ral chainge?
+
+  Orthoggraphy dhe anser guivs,
+  To' sattisfy hooevver livs.
+  Dhe onnest wil confes dhe pitty,
+  Coart, contry, cittadel widh citty;
+  Dhat aincients, widh dhe guiddy yong,
+  Shood studdy stil dhe Lattin tung;
+  Shood leve to' levvity, to' dollor,
+  Dhe unprofiscient Inglish scollar;
+  Shood guiv dhe verry strainger dred,
+  Ov guibberish, dhat nehr waz red;
+  Dhat nehr waz herd widhout derizzion,
+  Eskewing occular revizzion.
+
+  Dhis won exampel wel wil proov,
+  Wil libb'ral lafter doutles moov:
+  Hwen Peddantry shal cese to' swel,
+  Onnor'd Humillity wil spel.
+  Dhe buty dhen, ov Brittish truith,
+  Rezistles shal enammor yooth;
+  Shal evvidence dh' assevveracion,
+  Thro'out dh' etymmolodgic nacion;
+  Dhat won poettic exhibiscion
+  Cood, widhout litt'ral intuiscion,
+  Fil evv'ry litterary artikel,
+  Dho nevver spel won singuel partikel:
+  Cood faithfoolly dhe hoal prezent,
+  Widhout[6] wonce shadd'wing hwat wer ment.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NOTES
+
+[1] If not vulgarized from _batteller_.
+
+[2] Ov _mow_ dhe vowel and servile coalesce, (az in _sow_,) into' a
+dipthong, in dhe compound noun _barley-mow_.
+
+[3] From dhe old barbarous French _isle_[4], _faulte_, _voulte_, _recepte_,
+_debte_, _doubte_; _parfaict_, _vraidict_: now duly _île_, _faute_,
+_voute_, _recette_, _dette_, _doute_, _parfait_, and _vraidit_ from _verè
+dictum_.
+
+[4] Inglish propriety, and indeed common-sense, must also protest against
+two' late _misnomers: Th'isleworth_ for _Thistelworth_; and dhe forrain
+affectacion ov _St. Mary la bonne_ (or even _borne_) for _Marribone_.
+
+[5] Without one particle, representing what is read.
+
+[6] Widhout won partikel, repprezenting hwat iz red.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Minniature ov Inglish Orthoggraphy
+by James Elphinston
+
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+    {margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;}
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+
+    .author   {text-align: right; margin-top: -1em; margin-right: 5%;}
+    .center   {text-align: center; }
+    .right    {text-align: right; }
+    .t        {vertical-align: top; }
+    .tr       {vertical-align: top;}
+    .tc       {vertical-align: top;}
+    .tr p     {text-align: right;}
+    .tc p     {text-align: center;}
+    .m        {vertical-align: middle; }
+    .mr       {vertical-align: middle;}
+    .mc       {vertical-align: middle;}
+    .mr p     {text-align: right;}
+    .mc p     {text-align: center;}
+    .b        {vertical-align: bottom; }
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+    .pagenum  {position: absolute; left: 92%; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;} /* page numbers */
+    .sidenote {position: absolute; left: 92%; font-size: smaller; text-align: left;} /* sidenotes */
+    .note     {margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 2em;
+               font-size: small; } /* footnote */
+
+    .nobo	  {border: thin;}
+    .red 	  {color: red;}
+    .figure, .figcenter, .figright, .figleft
+              {padding: 1em; margin: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em;}
+    .figure img, .figcenter img, .figright img, .figleft img
+              {border: none;}
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+              {margin: 0; text-indent: 1em;}
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+              {margin: 0; text-indent: 8em;}
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+    .figright {float: right;}
+    .figleft  {float: left;}
+    // -->
+    </style>
+   </head>
+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+Project Gutenberg's A Minniature ov Inglish Orthoggraphy, by James Elphinston
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Minniature ov Inglish Orthoggraphy
+
+Author: James Elphinston
+
+Release Date: May 25, 2005 [EBook #15901]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INGLISH ORTHOGGRAPHY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Starner, Keith Edkins and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<h3>A<br />
+MINNIATURE<br />
+OV<br />
+<i>INGLISH ORTHOGGRAPHY</i>.</h3>
+
+  <br clear="all" />
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+TO'<br />
+DHEIR ROYAL HIGHNESSES,<br />
+DHE PRINCE AND PRINCES<br />
+<i>OV WALES</i>;<br />
+DHE DUKE AND DUTCHES<br />
+<i>OV YORK</i>:<br />
+ONNORED AZ UNDOUTED<br />
+PATRONS AND PATTERNS<br />
+OV EVVERY PROPRIETY:<br />
+DHIS MINNIATURE</h3>
+
+<h2>Ov Inglish Orthoggraphy,</h2>
+
+<h3><i>UMBLY HOPES UNIVERSAL ACCEPTANCE;</i><br />
+FROM DHE BENIGN PERMISSION<br />
+OV BEING SO INSCRIBED,<br />
+BY DHEIR ROYAL HIGHNESSES<br />
+DEVOTED SERVANT,<br />
+<i>James Elphinston</i>.</h3>
+
+  <br clear="all" />
+<hr />
+
+<h3>A<br />
+MINNIATURE<br />
+OV</h3>
+
+<h2>Inglish Orthoggraphy:</h2>
+
+<h3>DEDDICATED TO'<br />
+<i>DHE PRINCE AND PRINCES OF WALES</i>,<br />
+DHE DUKE AND DUTCHES OV YORK:</h3>
+
+  <br clear="all" />
+<hr />
+
+<h3>BY JAMES ELPHINSTON.</h3>
+
+  <br clear="all" />
+<hr />
+
+<h3><i>LONDON</i>:</h3>
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 2em;"><font class="sc">Sold</font> (Price 1 Shilling and 6 Pence) <font class="sc">by</font><br />
+<font class="sc">w. ritchardson, royal exchainge; t. boosey, n. 4,</font><br />
+<font class="sc">braud-street, dhare; f. and c. rivvington,</font><br />
+<font class="sc">n. 62; st. pauls churchyard; j. deighton,</font><br />
+<font class="sc">n. 325, holborn; w. clark,</font><br />
+<font class="sc">n. 38, bond-street.</font></p>
+
+  <br clear="all" />
+<hr />
+
+<h3>1795.</h3>
+
+  <br clear="all" />
+<hr />
+
+<h3>CONTENTS.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>1. <a href="#s1"><i>Introduccion</i></a></p>
+      <p>2. <a href="#s2"><i>Orthoggraphy ascertained in dhe vowels, and dheir serviles</i></a></p>
+      <p>3. <a href="#s3"><i>Vocal substitucion, licenced and licencious</i></a></p>
+      <p>4. <a href="#s4"><i>Ov open and shut vowels</i></a></p>
+      <p>5. <a href="#s5"><i>Ov dhe aspirates and dheir insertives</i></a></p>
+      <p>6. <a href="#s6"><i>Ov redundant serviles</i></a></p>
+      <p>7. <a href="#s7"><i>Ov impracticabel articulacion</i></a></p>
+      <p>8. <a href="#s8"><i>Ov false aspiracion</i></a></p>
+      <p>9. <a href="#s9"><i>Dhe guttural aspirate lost, or transmuted by moddern organs</i></a></p>
+      <p>10. <a href="#s10"><i>Old </i>R<i> aspirate</i></a></p>
+      <p>11. <a href="#s11"><i>Oddher antiquated idellers</i></a></p>
+      <p>12. <a href="#s12"><i>Final fantoms, or dubblers ov final forms</i></a></p>
+      <p>13. <a href="#s13"><i>Oddher falsifiers, medial or final; licquids or sibbilants; particcularly </i><font class="sc">ti</font><i> for a sibbilacion</i></a></p>
+      <p>14. <a href="#s14"><i>Dhe orthoggraphy ov propper names</i></a></p>
+      <p>15. <a href="#s15"><i>Dhe fundamental principel ov orthoggraphy</i></a></p>
+      <p>16. <a href="#s16"><i>The orthographic riddle</i></a></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <br clear="all" />
+<hr />
+
+<h2>A<br />
+MINNIATURE<br />
+OV<br />
+<i>INGLISH ORTHOGGRAPHY.</i></h2>
+
+  <p><a name="s1"></a></p>
+
+<h3>1. INTRODUCTION.</h3>
+
+  <p>Hwen evvery oddher language, and at last our own, haz been reduced to'
+  science; rendered accountabel to' natives, and accessibel to' straingers;
+  hwence iz it, dhat our practice, growing daily more a contrast dhan an
+  exemplificacion ov our theory, tempts ignorance to' speak, az blind
+  habbit spels; raddher dhan to' dream ov spelling, az propriety exhibbits
+  her unremitted harmony, hweddher in word or writing? For propriety,
+  hwarevver herd, can be seen onely in her picture: nor can dhis be duly
+  drawn, but from dhe oridginal; or dhe likenes long prezerved, in dhe
+  coppies ov vulgarrity.</p>
+
+  <p>Scarce creddibel doz it seem, to' dhe anallogists ov oddher diccions,
+  dhat hiddherto', in Inglish exhibiscion, evvery vowel and evvery
+  consonant ar almoast az often falsifiers az immages ov dhe truith.
+  Hetteroggraphy indeed, or false litterary picture, can arize onely from
+  won, or a combinacion, ov foar cauzes: redundance, defiscience;
+  mischoice, or misarraingement.</p>
+
+  <br clear="all" />
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><a name="s2"></a></p>
+
+<h3>2. ORTHOGGRAPHY ASCERTAINED IN DHE VOWELS, AND DHEIR SERVILES.</h3>
+
+  <p>It iz not now new, dhat evvery Inglish vowel haz, not onely a longuer
+  and shorter, but even a different sound, az open or shut by a consonant;
+  dho <i>A braud</i>, open and shut, differ but in quantity. Nor iz it yet
+  a secret, dhat certain mutes, or silent letters, (espescially vocal
+  quiescents,) ar named <i>serviles</i>; rendering essencial az vizzibel
+  service, boath to' vowels and consonants. Hware such gards ar wanted,
+  dhey doutles wil attend; and, hwen dhey proov superfluous, az reddily
+  widhdraw. Dhus dhe open vowel ov dhe simpel shuts, and dhe serviles
+  vannish, in dhe penultimate ov dhe compound: <i>shake</i>,
+  <i>Shakspear</i>; <i>chear</i>, <i>cherfool</i>; <i>vine</i>,
+  <i>vinyard</i>, and dhe like. So formatives: <i>stare</i> and
+  <i>stair</i>, <i>starling</i>; <i>steer</i>, <i>sterling</i>;
+  <i>shere</i>, <i>sherrif</i>; <i>child</i>, <i>children</i>; <i>kind</i>,
+  <i>kindred</i>; <i>know</i>, <i>knollege</i>; and dhe rest.</p>
+
+  <p>Evvery open ear must allow dhe aspiracion (<i>h</i>) to' articculate
+  iniscially dhe braud vocal licquid (<i>w</i>); nor longuer imadgine dhat
+  <i>wh</i>, apparent, can becom <i>hw</i> real; or dhat <i>what</i>,
+  <i>whale</i>, <i>wheels</i>, can rascionally paint dhe power ov
+  <i>hwat</i>, <i>hwale</i>, <i>hweels</i>. Dhe braud licquid (<i>w</i>)
+  haz no place in <i>hoal</i>, total; or in <i>hore</i>, prostitute;
+  distinct alike, to' dhe eye, from <i>hole</i> and <i>hoar</i>. But
+  <i>wh</i>, iniscial, may wel prommise <i>hw</i>; if <i>le</i> and
+  <i>re</i>, boath final, may picture <i>el</i> and <i>er</i>: az we
+  admire, not onely on dhe <i>little theatre</i>, but in dhe <i>centre</i>
+  ov dhe <i>battle</i>! Dho a tutch ov Rezons wand wil restore dhe buty ov
+  truith; at wonce to' dhe <i>littel theater</i>, and to' dhe <i>center</i>
+  ov dhe <i>battel</i>; az such buty beamed in dhe former century.</p>
+
+  <p>Dhe French <i>table</i>, <i>chambre</i>, <i>ancien</i>, <i>danger</i>,
+  ar dhe unexcepcionabel parents ov dhe Inglilh <i>tabel</i>,
+  <i>chaimber</i>, <i>aincient</i>, <i>dainger</i>; hoo ar too apt
+  scollars, not to' lern from parental exampel, to' show dhemselvs hwat
+  dhey ar; widhout wondering, dhat won tung iz not anoddher, or dhat each
+  must hav her own essence and semblance; and dhat in ours, az in oddher
+  picturage, <i>an open vowel must not appear a shut won</i>. Indispensabel
+  dhen az dhe servile (<i>i</i>) in dhe three last exampels, iz it in
+  <i>aingel</i>, dho inadmissibel in <i>angellic</i>; in evvery
+  <i>ainge</i> and <i>ainger</i>, like <i>rainge</i> and <i>rainger</i>; az
+  wel az in <i>caimbric</i> and <i>Caimbridge</i>; dho nedher in <i>Cam</i>
+  nor <i>Cambray</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>If <i>a</i> slender, open, must hav in such case its gardian; <i>a</i>
+  slender, even shut, hwen protracted, requires its protracting aspiracion
+  (<i>h</i>): az in <i>ah! Mahlah</i>; so in <i>Pahtric</i>,
+  <i>fahdher</i>, <i>pappah</i>, <i>mammah</i>, and <i>ahnt</i>; so
+  distinct (dho safe enuf ungarded) from <i>ant</i> dhe emmet. But
+  <i>gahp</i>, herd, iz dhus no longuer seen <i>gape</i>. <i>Hant</i>,
+  <i>hanch</i>, and dheir fellows, admit not dhe braudener; hwich iz
+  indispensabel to' <i>wrauth, wauter</i>, and <i>vauz</i>; nor need dhe
+  protracting aspirer, more dhan doo <i>chant</i> and <i>branch</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>O</i> must hav its own medial servant, to' ascertain its opennes;
+  in <i>poark</i>, <i>poart</i>, <i>spoart</i>, <i>foart</i>, <i>foard</i>,
+  <i>goard</i>, <i>soard</i>, (wonce <i>sword</i>), <i>foarth</i>,
+  <i>foarce</i>, <i>foarge</i>; <i>boast</i>, <i>coast</i>, <i>goast</i>,
+  <i>moast</i>, <i>poast</i>, and <i>boath</i>; justly az in dhe annimal
+  <i>boar</i>, in <i>board</i>, <i>boast</i>, and dheir fellows; dho
+  <i>slow</i> gender <i>slowth</i>, reggularly, az <i>grow, growth</i>.
+  Widh <i>poart</i> and <i>poast</i>, <i>poartal</i>, <i>poarter</i>;
+  <i>poastage</i>, and dhe like.</p>
+
+  <p>Better no attendant, dhan a false won. <i>O</i> direct (dhe common
+  <i>o</i>) can nedher assume <i>o</i>, dhe servile ov <i>o</i> depressive
+  (<i>oo</i>); nor <i>u</i>, hwich wood seem its partner in a dipthong.
+  <i>Doar</i>, <i>floar</i>, and <i>moar</i>, ar dhus reggular and safe;
+  <i>dore</i>, <i>flore</i>, and <i>more</i>, widh equivvalent servile,
+  leve <i>more</i> coincident; yet compounds prefer dhe final servile: az
+  <i>batteldore</i>,<a name="NtA_1" href="#Nt_1"><sup>[1]</sup></a>
+  <i>Blacmore</i>, <i>Hwitmore</i>; and <i>Strathmore</i>, scottishly
+  strong on dhe latter syllabel.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Soll</i>, spirrit, avoids occular union widh <i>sole</i>, alike,
+  and <i>soal</i>: by adopting dhe servile ov <i>poll</i>, <i>boll</i>,
+  <i>toll</i>, <i>roll</i> (widh <i>controll</i>,) <i>scroll</i>, and
+  <i>droll</i>. Like dipthongal dainger precludes <i>u</i> from dhe servile
+  funccion, duly undertaken by <i>a</i> in <i>soar</i>, <i>moarn</i>,
+  <i>boarn</i>, distinct from <i>boren</i> or <i>bor'n</i>, dhe compannion
+  ov <i>woren</i> or <i>wor'n</i>, <i>sworen</i> or <i>swor'n</i>,
+  <i>toren</i> or <i>tor'n</i>, <i>shoren</i> or <i>shor'n</i>, and clear,
+  az open and shut, ov <i>born</i>; in <i>coart</i>, <i>goard</i>,
+  <i>coarse</i>, and <i>soarce</i>. <i>Coarce</i>, dhe ded <i>boddy</i>,
+  dies no more in <i>corpse</i>; hwen dhus <i>boren</i> decently to'
+  interment. Dhis precaution suffers <i>o</i> open, to' understand or omit,
+  dhe servile before <i>l</i> and anny oddher consonant: az in <i>old
+  colt</i>, wonce seen and herd <i>ould coult</i>. If <i>old colt</i> now
+  suffice, <i>oald coalt</i> iz understood. For dhis rezon, <i>goald</i>
+  must no longuer be robbed ov its depressive servile, wonce legally seen
+  in <i>gould</i>. <i>Au</i>, widh les plea, suppresses its servile in like
+  sittuacion; az <i>salt</i> and <i>alder</i>; except in dhe singuel
+  <i>assault</i>! <i>saut</i> and <i>vaut</i> being, now, duly out ov dhe
+  question.</p>
+
+  <p>If <i>ou</i> cannot now paint <i>o</i> direct, much les can it picture
+  <i>o</i> depressive (<i>oo</i>); in <i>you</i>, <i>youth</i>,
+  <i>uncouth</i>; <i>should</i>, <i>would</i>, or <i>could</i>: for
+  <i>yoo</i>, <i>yooth</i>, <i>uncooth</i>; <i>shood</i>, <i>wood</i>, or
+  <i>cood</i>. Hwen <i>ou</i> Inglish transferred its equivvalence from dhe
+  French <i>ou</i> to' dhe German <i>au</i>, hwich compounds <i>a</i>
+  braud, widh <i>o</i> depressive (<i>au</i> widh <i>oo</i>); az itself
+  cood no more be frenchly interchaingeabel widh <i>oo</i>; nedher ov its
+  parts waz more likely to' becom so. <i>Do</i> or <i>who</i> can no more
+  dhan <i>doe</i> or <i>hoe</i>, (boath better employed!) or dhan
+  <i>shoe</i>, <i>canoe</i>, <i>lose</i>, <i>move</i>, <i>prove</i>,
+  <i>behove</i>; <i>Rome</i>, <i>Coke</i>, <i>Pole</i>, or simmilar;
+  prezent dhe prezzent <i>doo</i>, <i>hoo</i>, <i>shoo</i>, <i>canoo</i>,
+  <i>looz</i>, <i>moov</i>, <i>proov</i>, <i>behoov</i>, <i>Room</i>,
+  <i>Cook</i>, <i>Pool</i>, or dhe like: for truith fears notthing from
+  coincidence ov sound, and falsehood always leads astray. <i>B</i> may
+  distinctively open dhe vowel, in <i>climb</i> and <i>comb</i>; but cannot
+  render it also depressive in <i>comb</i>, <i>tomb</i>, <i>bomb</i>, and
+  <i>womb</i>; for <i>coomb</i>, <i>toomb</i>, <i>boomb</i>, and
+  <i>woomb</i>. Hwatevver <i>u</i> may hav been in Lattin vocallity, dhat
+  figgure cannot guiv <i>oo</i>, even open, in Inglish; far les <i>oo</i>
+  shut, in <i>pull</i>, <i>bull</i>, <i>full</i>; <i>butcher</i>,
+  <i>put</i>, <i>pudding</i>, <i>puss</i>, <i>push</i>, <i>bush</i>;
+  <i>bushel</i>, <i>cushion</i>; for <i>pool</i>, <i>bool</i>, <i>fool</i>,
+  <i>bootcher</i>, <i>poot</i>, <i>poodding</i>, <i>poose</i>,
+  <i>poosh</i>, <i>boosh</i>, <i>booshel</i>, and <i>coossion</i>: in all
+  ov hwich, dhe <i>oo</i> iz doutles short az shut; and distinct az
+  <i>foolling</i> and <i>fooling</i>. If <i>u</i> cannot prommise <i>oo</i>
+  shut, no more can <i>oo</i> proxy <i>u</i> shut, in dhe singuel
+  <i>foot</i> for <i>fut</i>. No servile can attend a shut vowel; and
+  <i>truith</i> must hav her own, like <i>suit</i> and <i>fruit</i>: in dhe
+  French <i>bruit</i> it iz also distinctive. Alreddy hav we seen <i>o</i>
+  direct disguized, no les dhan <i>o</i> depressive; and can we longuer
+  bair dhe Gallic <i>beau</i>, for dhe Brittish <i>boe</i>; more dhan dhe
+  dubble falsifier <i>beauty</i>, for dhe Inglish <i>buty</i>, dhe sweet
+  compannion ov <i>duty</i>?</p>
+
+  <p><i>Sew</i>, <i>shew</i>, and <i>strew</i>, wer dhe preddecessors, so
+  cannot be dhe identities, ov <i>soe</i>, <i>show</i>, and <i>strow</i>:
+  dhe first dhus occularly clear ov <i>sow</i>, so different verb and noun!
+  dhe latter, distinct to' dhe ear by dhe dipthong, hwich also
+  distinguishes <i>slough</i>, no more swallowing <i>sluf</i>: <i>toe</i>
+  and <i>tow</i> (no more jostling widh <i>tough</i>, now <i>tuf</i>),
+  <i>doe</i> and <i>dough</i>, <i>floe</i> and <i>flow</i>, being
+  respective coincidents; clear indeed to' dhe eye, boath ov boddy and
+  mind. <i>Ow</i> final iz dipthongal in <i>how</i>, <i>now</i>! <i>bow</i>
+  bend; <i>cow</i>, noun or verb; <i>sow</i>, the noun; in <i>vow</i>, verb
+  or noun; and in <i>allow</i>, <i>endow</i>. Dhe dipthong distinguishes
+  also <i>slough</i>, <i>plough</i>, and <i>bough</i> branch. <i>O</i>
+  remains merely simpel in <i>dough</i>, az if <i>dow</i>. <i>Bo!</i> or
+  <i>boh!</i> interjeccion, coincides widh <i>boe</i> and <i>bow</i>, boath
+  nouns: dhe latter leving dhe dipthong to' dhe verb, or its accion, hwence
+  dhe ball derives it in <i>bowl</i>; dhe open vowel distinguishing dhe
+  <i>bowl</i> or bason, coincident widh <i>boll</i> and <i>bole</i>.</p>
+
+  <br clear="all" />
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><a name="s3"></a></p>
+
+<h3>3. VOCAL SUBSTITUCION.</h3>
+
+  <p>Dho won semblance may exhibbit, not onely two' senses, but two'
+  sounds; won symbol must not pretend to' paint anoddher, unles by
+  distinctive substitution. <i>E</i> proovs dhus dhe lawfool substitute ov
+  <i>a</i>, in <i>heigh-ho!</i> moddernized <i>hey-ho!</i> in
+  <i>heighday</i>, now <i>hey-day!</i> <i>weigh</i>, <i>wey</i>,
+  <i>hwey</i>, <i>prey</i>, <i>bey</i>, <i>dey</i>; <i>dhey</i>,
+  <i>dheir</i>, <i>eir</i>, <i>eight</i>, and <i>freight</i>; widh
+  <i>obey</i>, <i>inveigh</i>, <i>convey</i>, <i>survey</i>, and
+  <i>purvey</i>; az wel az hwen febel, in <i>parley</i>, <i>barley</i>,
+  <i>Harley</i>, <i>Chudleigh</i>, and dheir fellows.</p>
+
+  <p>But <i>e</i> cannot be <i>a</i>, widh dhe servile dhat distinguishes
+  <i>e</i>: <i>tear</i> cannot be clas-mate, at wonce to' <i>fear</i> and
+  <i>fair</i>. If dherfor <i>e</i> cannot be <i>a</i>, widh <i>a</i>
+  servile; and <i>a</i> need no substitute in dhe verbs <i>tair</i>,
+  <i>wair</i>, <i>swair</i>, and <i>bair</i>; <i>peir</i>, dhe fruit, and
+  <i>beir</i>, dhe beast, claim dhe substitute vowel, widh due servile;
+  <i>pair</i>, <i>pare</i>, <i>bair</i> and <i>bare</i>, being engaged. For
+  like rezon, <i>braik</i> and <i>grait</i> admit no vocal substitute.
+  <i>Where</i> and <i>there</i> no more puzzel dhan bely, in dheir own
+  shape, ov <i>hware</i> and <i>dhare</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>E</i> fairly substituting dhe forrain <i>i</i>, in <i>pier</i>,
+  <i>bier</i>, <i>mien</i>, <i>lief</i>, widh <i>belief</i>, <i>believ</i>;
+  <i>relief</i>, <i>reliev</i>; and dhe rest; so distinct from <i>peer</i>,
+  <i>beer</i>; <i>mean</i>, <i>leaf</i>; or so connected by alliance,
+  forrain or domestic; dhe substitucion simmilarly prevails in
+  <i>shriek</i>, <i>fiend</i>, <i>fief</i>, <i>brief</i>, <i>chief</i>,
+  <i>atchiev</i>; <i>thief</i>, <i>thiev</i>; <i>repriev</i>,
+  <i>retriev</i>; <i>pierce</i>, <i>fierce</i>, and <i>tierce</i>:
+  ettymollogy howevver, scorning alike substitucion and superfluity, in
+  <i>receiv</i>, <i>receit</i>, and dheir collaterals.</p>
+
+  <p>Forrain semblance belied dhe adoptives, <i>oblige</i>, <i>marine</i>,
+  <i>machine</i>, <i>magazine</i>, <i>fatigue</i>, <i>intrigue</i>,
+  <i>antique</i>, and <i>shire</i>; til Londoners began to' treat dhem az
+  natives ov Ingland; not dreaming dhat dheir essence cood not here be
+  prezerved, but in dhe guize ov <i>oblege</i>, <i>marene</i>,
+  <i>mashene</i>, <i>maggazene</i>, <i>fategue</i>, <i>intregue</i>,
+  <i>anteke</i> (or <i>anteek</i>, <i>mareen</i>, and dhe rest,) joined by
+  <i>legue</i>, <i>twegue</i>, and <i>shere</i>: hwich last, dho dhus
+  sevvered from <i>sheer</i> and <i>shear</i>, boath coincident in sound,
+  waz beguinning, in dhe false shape ov <i>shire</i>, (like <i>oblege</i>,
+  in dhat ov <i>oblige</i>,) to' violate Inglish harmony in evvery British
+  nacion. Dhe same propriety, dhat dhus gards dhe Inglish vowel (<i>e</i>),
+  prezervs, no les <i>piously</i>, dhe parental equivvalent (<i>i</i>), in
+  <i>obligacion</i>, <i>marriner</i>, <i>mackinate</i>, <i>mackinacion</i>,
+  <i>indefattigabel</i>, <i>anticquity</i>, az wel az <i>antiquary</i>; and
+  evvery forrain buty, consistent widh domestic truith.</p>
+
+  <p>If dhe prezzent century hav made manny improovments, in orthoggraphy
+  and elsehware; it haz certainly made manny alteracions, dhat wer dhe
+  verry reverse ov improovment. Som eying truith, onely in her parents,
+  wood <i>allege</i> dhat <i>virtue</i> alone cood <i>persuade</i>; havving
+  lernedly perfwaded dhemselvs, dhat <i>vertue</i> might hav
+  <i>sweetnes</i>, widhout partaking <i>suavity</i>, by hwich dhey pictured
+  <i>swavvity</i>. It seems howevver high time dhat a certain kingdom, at
+  length panting after evvery propriety, shood know and confes, dhat her
+  name iz no more <i>England</i>, dhan <i>Engelonde</i> or <i>Angland</i>;
+  or dhan her sovverain iz <i>king ov France</i>!</p>
+
+  <p>Since won symbol must no more usurp dhe office ov anoddher, <i>o</i>
+  wil no longuer pretend to' paint <i>A braud</i> open (<i>au</i>); in
+  <i>ought</i>, <i>nought</i>, <i>brought</i>, <i>thought</i>,
+  <i>sought</i>, <i>fought</i>, <i>bought</i>; for <i>aught</i> (now indeed
+  <i>aut</i>), and dhe rest: nor wil <i>groat</i> and <i>broad</i> expect
+  anny more, to' be acknolleged <i>graut</i> and <i>braud</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>Nedher <i>tongue</i> nor <i>tong</i> (alreddy won ov a pair) can
+  picture <i>tung</i>; dho <i>u</i> stil employ dhe distinctive
+  substitucion ov <i>o</i> in <i>son</i>, male issue; nor les propperly dhe
+  ettymolodgic in <i>yong</i>, <i>mong</i>, <i>mongrel</i>, <i>monk</i>,
+  (widh <i>monkey</i>,) and <i>Monday</i>; in <i>monney</i>, <i>bonney</i>,
+  <i>conney</i>, <i>condit</i>, <i>constabel</i>; az in <i>yolk</i>, so in
+  <i>covver</i>, <i>hovver</i>, <i>plovver</i>; in <i>lovver</i> and
+  <i>glovver</i>, from <i>lov</i> and <i>glov</i>. <i>Cullor</i> (nevver
+  <i>colour</i>) avoids coincidence equally widh <i>collar</i> and
+  <i>coller</i>; dhe latter greekly, not frenchly, affected
+  <i>choler</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>But surely a vocal groop cannot shrink into' an Inglish shut vowel:
+  nor cood dhe following French, or almoast French, be suppozed Inglish
+  words: <i>souple</i>, <i>couple</i>; <i>double</i>, <i>trouble</i>;
+  <i>nourish</i>, <i>flourish</i>; <i>courage</i>, <i>courteous</i>,
+  <i>country</i>, <i>cousin</i>; <i>journey</i>, <i>journal</i>;
+  <i>sojourn</i>, <i>adjourn</i>, and <i>touch</i>; more dhan such oddities
+  claim continnuance, az <i>young</i>, <i>rough</i>, or <i>tough</i>: for
+  <i>suppel</i> (alreddy almoast Inglish in <i>supple</i>,) <i>cuppel</i>;
+  <i>dubbel</i>, <i>trubbel</i>; <i>nurrish</i>, <i>flurrish</i>;
+  <i>currage</i>, <i>curteous</i>; <i>contry</i> (ettymolodgical substitute
+  ov <i>cuntry</i>; like <i>yong</i>, ov <i>yung</i>;) <i>cozzen</i> az
+  <i>dozzen</i>, no more <i>dozen</i>! <i>jurney</i>, <i>jurnal</i>;
+  <i>sodjurn</i>, <i>adjurn</i>, widh <i>tutch</i>; <i>tuf</i> and
+  <i>ruf</i>: not to' reprezent dhe so duly exploded, az <i>authour</i>,
+  <i>succour</i>, <i>superiour</i> for <i>author</i>, <i>succor</i>,
+  <i>superior</i>; hweddher agent, accion, or adjective.</p>
+
+  <br clear="all" />
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><a name="s4"></a></p>
+
+<h3>4. OV OPEN AND SHUT VOWELS.</h3>
+
+  <p>Az vocallity must often depend on articulacion; consonants, like
+  vowels, must nedher be too manny, too few, nor oddher dhan dhemselvs. If
+  sounds open must not seem shut, sounds shut must not appear open. No
+  servile can attend a shut vowel; hwich, on dhe contrary, must show dhe
+  consonant dhat shuts it. Hwen a consonant concludes dhe syllabel, after
+  an open vowel; a servile must gard dhe vowel from dhe consonant, hwich
+  else wood shut it. A shut vowel dhen must show dhe shutter, or be left
+  apparently open.</p>
+
+  <p>Dhe first vowel (<i>a</i>), slender or braud, may doutles be more or
+  les so, by dhe prezzence or absence ov dhe <i>stres</i>, or vocal
+  exercion. <i>A</i> slender, self or substitute, iz open az garded, in
+  <i>fain</i>, <i>fein</i>, and <i>fane</i>; <i>wail</i>, and <i>wale</i>;
+  open az unshut, in <i>paper</i>, <i>favor</i>, <i>braver</i>,
+  <i>bravest</i>, <i>braving</i>, <i>braved</i>: so in <i>fainer</i>,
+  <i>feiner</i>; az wel az <i>faining</i>, <i>feined</i>; <i>wailing</i>,
+  <i>wailed</i>; <i>waling</i>, <i>waled</i>; articculated <i>pa-per</i>,
+  <i>fa-vor</i>, <i>bra-ver</i>, <i>bra-vest</i>; <i>fai-ner</i>,
+  <i>fei-ner</i>, and so on: for <i>a singuel consonant</i>, natturally
+  (dhence nescessarily) <i>articculates dhe following, </i>not dhe
+  preceding<i> vowel</i>. <i>A</i>, slender, iz shut in <i>fan</i>,
+  <i>fanning</i>; and the like. <i>A braud (au)</i> haz its own distinctive
+  servile in <i>faun</i> and <i>fawn</i>, in <i>all</i> and <i>awl</i>,
+  <i>ball</i> and <i>bawl</i>. Dho <i>l</i> remain dhe servile in
+  <i>balling</i>, az wel az dhe <i>w</i> in <i>bawling</i>; it iz no
+  servile, but dhe effective shutter, in <i>ballot</i>, <i>bal-lot</i>, or
+  dhe like.</p>
+
+  <p><i>A braud</i>, shut, plays its own part, hwen articculated by
+  <i>w</i> or <i>qu</i> (vertually <i>cw</i>,) in dhe propper
+  <i>Waller</i>, az in <i>wallet</i> or <i>quallity</i>; in <i>war</i>,
+  <i>quarrel</i>; <i>wart</i>, <i>quart</i>; <i>wan</i>, <i>want</i>,
+  <i>quantity</i>, and such. <i>A braud</i>, shut, not so articculated,
+  substitutes <i>o</i> shut: dhus dhe <i>o</i> ov <i>cord</i> iz perfetly
+  coincident, or unison, widh dhe <i>a</i> in <i>ward</i>. Hware <i>a</i>
+  performs its own braud-shut part, <i>o</i> becoms dhe substitute ov
+  <i>u</i> shut, az in <i>won word</i>; <i>quoth</i> and <i>quod</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>E</i> iz dhus open in <i>mean</i> and <i>mien</i>, <i>tiend</i> and
+  <i>fiend</i>, <i>siev</i> and <i>seiz</i>; widh <i>grief</i>,
+  <i>griev</i>; <i>relief</i>, <i>reliev</i>; <i>receiv</i>, <i>receit</i>,
+  and dheir fellows. Open iz <i>e</i> likewize in <i>meat</i>, <i>meet</i>,
+  and <i>mete</i>; (three coincident!) <i>meeting</i>, <i>meting</i>, and
+  <i>meter</i>; shut in <i>men</i>, <i>pen</i>, <i>fen</i>; <i>met</i>,
+  <i>set</i>; <i>penny</i>, <i>fennel</i>; <i>penning</i>, <i>setting</i>:
+  and so foarth.</p>
+
+  <p><i>I</i> iz open in <i>fine</i>, <i>finer</i>, <i>finish</i>;
+  <i>dine</i>, <i>dining</i>, and <i>diner</i>; <i>rime</i>, <i>riming</i>,
+  and <i>rimer</i>; <i>fi-ner</i>, <i>fi-nish</i>, and so on: shut in
+  <i>fin</i>, <i>finnish</i>; <i>din</i>, <i>dinner</i>; <i>brim</i>,
+  <i>brimmer</i>; <i>fin-nish,</i> and simmilar.</p>
+
+  <p><i>O</i> iz open in <i>Po</i>, <i>pole</i>, <i>polar</i>, and
+  <i>polish</i>; <i>mode</i>, <i>modish</i>; <i>soal</i>, <i>sole</i>, and
+  <i>soll</i>; shut in <i>sollace</i>, <i>pollish</i>, and <i>moddest</i>;
+  <i>po-lish</i>, <i>pol-lish</i>, and dhe like.</p>
+
+  <p><i>U</i> iz open in <i>unit</i>, <i>unite</i>; <i>tune</i>,
+  <i>tunic</i>, <i>punic</i>, <i>studious</i>; shut in <i>studdy</i>,
+  <i>unabated</i>: <i>u-nit</i>, <i>stu-dent</i>, <i>stud-dy</i>,
+  <i>un-a-ba-ted</i>; such compounds being licenced to' take in dhe singuel
+  consonant ov dhe prepoziscion.</p>
+
+  <p>So hear we, and so see we,</p>
+
+  <p><i>a</i>, <i>e</i>, <i>i</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>u</i>, open; <i>ar</i>,
+  <i>er</i>, <i>il</i>, <i>on</i>, <i>us</i>, shut; <i>may</i>, <i>me</i>,
+  <i>my</i>, <i>mow</i><a name="NtA_2" href="#Nt_2"><sup>[2]</sup></a>,
+  <i>mew</i>; <i>mas</i>, <i>mes</i>, <i>mis</i>, <i>mos</i>, <i>must</i>.
+  So <i>Mary</i>, <i>marry</i>; <i>even</i>, <i>sevven</i>; <i>ivy</i>,
+  <i>Livvy</i>; <i>odor</i>, <i>odder</i>; <i>student</i>,
+  <i>studdy.</i></p>
+
+  <p>If dhen open vowels must appear open, shut vowels must appear shut.
+  Forrain, even parental, diccions cannot rule dhe picture ov dhe native:
+  for picture can hav but won oridginal. Widh parrity ov rezon may (and
+  must often) dhe parental vowel be open, and dhe descendant shut. To'
+  edher iz <i>Popes</i> laconnic line applicabel:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><i>Dhis dhey, dhat know me, know; dhat lov me, tel.</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>To' keep Inglish, dhus like French and Lattin, or spelling dhe
+  contrast ov speech; our litterature haz hiddherto' no likenes ov our
+  language; and haz continnued inaccessibel to' evvery native, az much az
+  to' evvery strainger. For, hwile we lernedly lov to' see</p>
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 2em;">Aloe, melon, lily, solemn,<br />
+carol, very, spirit, coral, borough,<br />
+manor, tenant, minute, honor, punish,<br />
+clamor, blemish, limit, comet, pumice,<br />
+chapel, leper, triple, copy,<br />
+habit, rebel, tribute, probate,<br />
+heifer, profit,<br />
+cavil, revel, drivel, novel, hovel,<br />
+city, pity, british, critic,<br />
+madam, credit, idiom, body, study,<br />
+tacit, licit,<br />
+hazard, ezad, lizard, closet, bosom,<br />
+vicar,<br />
+liquor,<br />
+liquid,<br />
+rigor,<br />
+rigid:</p>
+
+  <p>We shrewdly hope to' hear,</p>
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 2em;">Alloe, mellon, lilly, sollemn,<br />
+carrol, verry, spirrit, corral, burrow,<br />
+mannor, tennant, minnute, onnor, punnish,<br />
+clammor, blemmish, limmit, commet, pummice,<br />
+chappel, lepper, trippel, coppy,<br />
+habbit, rebbel, tribbute, probbate,<br />
+heffer, proffit,<br />
+cavvil, revvel, drivvel, novvel, hovvel,<br />
+citty, pitty, brittish, crittic,<br />
+maddam, creddit, iddiom, boddy, studdy,<br />
+tascit, liscit,<br />
+hazzard, ezzad, lizzard, clozzet, buzzom,<br />
+viccar,<br />
+liccor,<br />
+licquid,<br />
+riggor,<br />
+ridgid.</p>
+
+  <p>Hwile dhus notthing but <i>s</i> can dubbel soft <i>c</i>, or
+  sibbilantly shut dhe preceding vowel; and render <i>precious</i>, or
+  <i>vicious</i>, hwat dhey ar; but <i>prescious</i>, or <i>viscious</i>;
+  dhe sibbilants direct simpel figgure may not onely becom, in dhe
+  ostensibel <i>physic</i>, <i>visit</i>, and <i>vision</i>, a dubbel
+  depressive; in dhe real <i>phyzzic</i>, <i>vizzit</i>, and
+  <i>vizzion</i>; but work equal wonders, in <i>polysyllables</i> ov anny
+  extension; pretending, in dhe verry name, to' paint
+  <i>pollysyllabels</i>. And dhus dhe trokees grow innumerabel, dhat shut
+  and sharpen, shortening dhe former vowel; hwich dhey hav hiddherto'
+  pretended to' exhibbit slowly and smoodhly open: so leving singuel dhe
+  intermediate articulacion, hwich must be audibly dubbel, (must shut az
+  wel az articculate,) and continnue dhe equal impossibillity, ov reading
+  and writing our language.</p>
+
+  <p>For, <i>hwen</i> our <i>diccion</i> attains, like <i>oddhers</i>,
+  <i>dhe</i> happy <i>habbit</i> <i>ov</i> appearing hwat it iz; alternate
+  strength and febelnes must prezent <i>mallice</i> and <i>maliscious</i>,
+  <i>sollemn</i> and <i>solemnity</i>, <i>morral</i> and <i>morallity</i>,
+  <i>mannor</i> and <i>manorial</i>, <i>limmit</i> and <i>limmitacion</i>,
+  <i>habbit</i> and <i>habittual</i>, <i>spirrit</i>, <i>spirritual</i>,
+  and <i>spirrituallity</i>. So evvery consequencial, hweddher ov trocaic
+  or dactyllian stres: <i>orrigin</i>, <i>oridginal</i>,
+  <i>oridginality</i>, or <i>originallity</i>, <i>reallity</i>,
+  <i>quallity</i>, <i>equallity</i>, <i>verrity</i>, <i>verrily</i>,
+  <i>ennemy</i>, <i>ammity</i>, <i>appathy</i>, <i>probbity</i>; so, widh
+  <i>propphet</i>, <i>propphesy</i>, and <i>propphecy</i>; but, by
+  penultimate or antepenultimate ennergy, (dhe stres on last but won, or
+  last but two',) <i>prophettic</i>, or <i>prophettical</i>: widh
+  <i>philossophy</i>, <i>philossopher</i>, and <i>philosopphic</i>; widh
+  <i>avvarice</i>, <i>avvariscious</i>; <i>lodgic</i>, <i>logiscian</i>;
+  <i>phyzzic</i>, <i>phyziscian</i>; <i>immage</i>, <i>imadgine</i>;
+  <i>madjesty</i>, <i>majestic</i>. Az <i>alliment</i>, <i>saccrament</i>;
+  az <i>orrifice</i>, <i>saccrifice</i>, and <i>orrator</i>, widhout
+  violacion ov aught <i>sacred</i>, or chainge ov <i>oracion</i>.</p>
+
+  <br clear="all" />
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><a name="s5"></a></p>
+
+<h3>5. OV DHE ASPIRATES, AND DHEIR INSERTIVES.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Oracion</i> indeed iz dhus kept <i>sacred</i> az <i>orrator</i>:
+  for <i>t</i> cood nevver sibbilate (or play <i>s</i>) in
+  <i>orthoggraphy</i>, aincient or moddern; nor a dubbel articulacion
+  pretend to' look singuel, more dhan a singuel a dubbel won. Dhe dactyl
+  <i>orthodox</i> admits littel chainge in dhe dubbel trokee
+  <i>orthodoxy</i>; like <i>mellancolly</i>, vulgarly <i>melancholy</i>:
+  but <i>orthoggraphy</i> and <i>orthograpphical</i> ar, widh equal
+  harmony, subject to' antepenultimate power. Like Propriety dherfor
+  inserts dhe shutter we hear, in dhe duplication, az ov evvery simpel, so
+  ov evvery aspirate, duly dubbled by dhe simpel insertive. Dhus <i>p</i>
+  dubbels <i>ph</i>, and even <i>f</i>, <i>f</i>; in <i>propphet</i>, and
+  <i>proffit</i>. But, az <i>ph</i> became <i>f</i>; so <i>bh</i>,
+  universally <i>v</i>, nescessarily dubbelled in <i>provverb</i>. Az
+  <i>s</i> or <i>z</i> dubbels dhe soft sibbilant aspirate, (<i>sh</i> or
+  <i>zh</i>) in <i>prescious</i>, <i>decizzion</i>, <i>t</i> or <i>d</i>,
+  respectively, dubbled dhat dhey rendered equal to' <i>tsh</i> or
+  <i>dzh</i>: az <i>tutching</i> dhe <i>madjesty</i> ov
+  <i>relidgion</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>But dhe Inglish tung, (raddher teeth,) enjoying dhe <i>dental
+  aspirate</i>, direct and depressive (<i>th</i> and <i>dh</i>), beyond
+  perhaps anny oddher language, aincient or moddern; can no longuer be
+  denied dhe appearance, hware it so peculiarly pozesses dhe reallity, ov
+  dubbling az wel az depressing its power. No more dhen can be confounded
+  dhe aspirates ov <i>oath</i>, <i>oadhs</i>; ov <i>bath</i>, <i>badhs</i>,
+  and <i>badhe</i>; ov <i>Otho</i> and <i>oddher</i>, <i>Clotho</i> and
+  <i>clodhier</i>, <i>dhis thing</i> and <i>dhat thing</i>; <i>dheze
+  things</i> and <i>dhoze things</i>: misaspiracion wil no more embarras,
+  dhan misarraingement, <i>Dhe Theater</i>.</p>
+
+  <br clear="all" />
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><a name="s6"></a></p>
+
+<h3>6. OV REDUNDANT SERVILES.</h3>
+
+  <p>If <i>defiscience</i> ov symbols hav been so ezily and so amply
+  exampelled; a ballance may be proffered in <i>redundance</i>; ov
+  consonants, no les dhan ov serviles. Hwen evvery mute minnister waz
+  supplied to' vocallity; dhe hardening gard ov <i>g</i>, at least, shood
+  not hav been forgotten. If <i>i</i> waz indispensabel in <i>aingel</i>
+  and <i>dainger, u</i> iz az recquizite in <i>anguel</i> and
+  <i>anguer</i>, az in <i>guerdon</i>. <i>Guet</i> and <i>guiv</i> demand
+  dhe (<i>u</i>) hardener, az boldly az <i>gues</i> and <i>guilt</i>. So
+  redundance alreddy recalls, in order to' explode, <i>guess</i> and
+  <i>give!</i> Widh dhis not onely <i>seeing</i> (for <i>seing</i>) and dhe
+  like; but dhe falsifying final ov <i>are</i>, <i>were</i>; <i>awe</i>,
+  <i>owe</i>; <i>some</i>, <i>come</i>; <i>above</i>, <i>dove</i>,
+  <i>love</i>, <i>glove</i>; <i>throve</i>, <i>drove</i>, <i>shrove</i>,
+  <i>shove</i>, <i>hove</i>; for <i>ar</i>, <i>wer</i>; <i>aw</i>,
+  <i>ow</i>; <i>som</i>, <i>com</i>; <i>abov</i>, <i>dov</i>, <i>lov</i>,
+  <i>glov</i>; <i>throv</i>, <i>drov</i>, <i>shrov</i>, <i>shov</i>,
+  <i>hov</i>: hwere <i>o</i> for <i>u</i> guivs to' the ear, <i>sum</i>
+  distinctive, widh <i>cum</i>, <i>abuv</i>, and dhe rest.</p>
+
+  <p>Superfluous, dhence obstructive, (distractive indeed!) dhe <i>i</i> ov
+  <i>either</i>, <i>neither</i>; <i>heifer</i> and <i>friend</i>; dhe
+  <i>o</i> ov <i>people</i> and <i>yeoman</i>; <i>leopard</i> and
+  <i>jeopard</i>; dhe <i>u</i> ov <i>eulogy</i>, az ov <i>eulogium</i>; ov
+  <i>conduit</i>, vertually <i>cundit</i>: <i>a</i>, obviously useles,
+  after an oddherwize open vowel, in <i>season</i>, <i>reason</i>,
+  <i>treason</i>, <i>treacle</i>, <i>creature</i>; in <i>eave</i>,
+  <i>heave</i>, <i>weave</i>, <i>leave</i>, <i>cleave</i>, <i>reave</i>,
+  <i>greave</i>; <i>cease</i>, <i>lease</i>, <i>crease</i>, <i>grease</i>;
+  <i>teaze</i>, <i>ease</i>, <i>please</i>; like dhe <i>e</i> final to'
+  <i>sieve</i>, <i>grieve</i>, <i>relieve</i>, <i>receive;</i> dhe second
+  <i>e</i> in <i>sleeve</i>, <i>geese</i>, <i>fleece</i>, <i>freeze</i>,
+  <i>breeze</i>, <i>squeeze</i>, <i>cheese</i>: for <i>edher</i>,
+  <i>nedher</i>; <i>heffer</i>, <i>frend</i>; <i>pepel</i> and
+  <i>yeman</i>, <i>leppard</i>, and <i>jeppard</i>; <i>ellogy</i>, az
+  <i>elogium</i>; widh <i>condit</i>: so <i>sezon</i>, <i>rezon</i>,
+  <i>trezon</i>, <i>trekel</i>, <i>creture</i>; <i>eve</i>, <i>heve</i>,
+  <i>weve</i>, <i>leve</i>, <i>cleve</i>, <i>reve</i>, <i>greve</i>;
+  <i>cese</i>, <i>lese</i>, <i>crese</i>, <i>grese</i>; <i>teze</i>,
+  <i>eze</i>, <i>pleze</i>: <i>siev</i>, <i>griev</i>, <i>reliev</i>,
+  <i>receiv</i>; <i>sleve</i>, <i>guese</i>, <i>flece</i>, <i>freze</i>,
+  <i>breze</i>, <i>squeze</i>, <i>cheze</i>. But, like dhe <i>i</i> ov
+  <i>heifer</i> and <i>friend</i>, dhe <i>o</i> ov <i>leopard</i> and
+  <i>jeopard</i>; dhe <i>u</i> ov <i>eulogy</i>; iz dhe <i>a</i> ov
+  <i>leap</i>-year and ov <i>neap</i>-tide; for <i>lep</i>-year and
+  <i>nep</i>-tide; nay, shamefoolly, like dhe superfluity in all dheze, haz
+  dhe <i>a</i> hiddherto' remained in <i>health</i>, <i>wealth</i>, and
+  <i>stealth</i>; becauz it stil iz nescessary in <i>heal</i>, <i>weal</i>,
+  and <i>steal</i>! and doutles, for som simmilarly cogent rezon, doz kind
+  <i>a</i> continnue to' gard dhe same <i>shut vowel</i>! in <i>realm</i>,
+  <i>earl</i>, <i>pearl</i>; <i>earn</i>, <i>learn</i>; <i>early</i>,
+  <i>earnest</i>; <i>earth</i>, <i>dearth</i>, <i>hearth</i>, <i>heard</i>,
+  <i>hearse</i>, <i>rehearse</i>, <i>searce</i>, <i>search</i>,
+  <i>threat</i>, <i>deaf</i>, <i>dead</i>, <i>head</i>, <i>bread</i>,
+  <i>tread</i>, <i>dread</i>, <i>thread</i>, <i>stead</i>, <i>lead</i>,
+  <i>read</i>; <i>ready</i>, <i>steady</i>, <i>heady</i>, <i>meadow</i>;
+  <i>zealous</i>, <i>jealous</i>, <i>weapon</i>, <i>leaven</i>,
+  <i>heaven</i>, <i>endeavour</i>; <i>pleasure</i>, <i>measure</i>,
+  <i>treasure</i>, <i>leasure</i> or <i>leisure</i>! for <i>helth</i>,
+  <i>welth</i>, <i>stelth</i>; <i>relm</i>, <i>erl</i>, <i>perl</i>;
+  <i>ern</i>, <i>lern</i>; <i>erly</i>, <i>ernest</i>; <i>erth</i>,
+  <i>derth</i>, <i>herth</i>, <i>herd</i>, <i>herse</i>, <i>reherse</i>,
+  <i>serce</i>, <i>serch</i>; <i>thret</i>, <i>def</i>, <i>ded</i>,
+  <i>hed</i>, <i>bred</i>, <i>tred</i>, <i>dred</i>, <i>thred</i>,
+  <i>sted</i>, <i>led</i>, <i>red</i>; <i>reddy</i>, <i>steddy</i>,
+  <i>heddy</i>, <i>meddow</i>; <i>zellous</i>, <i>jellous</i>;
+  <i>weppon</i>, <i>levven</i>, <i>hevven</i>, <i>endevvor</i>,
+  <i>plezzure</i>, <i>mezzure</i>, <i>trezzure</i>, <i>lezzure</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>How (alas!) wil <font class="sc">Brittish Libberty</font> moarn her
+  novvel chains, hwen she must not onely speak az she thinks, but write as
+  she speaks; hwen <i>rove</i>, <i>lov</i>, and <i>moov</i>, can chime no
+  more togueddher; hwen <i>lead</i> and <i>led</i>, <i>read</i> and
+  <i>red</i>, <i>live</i> and <i>liv</i>, <i>tear</i> and <i>tair</i>, ar
+  found oppozite, az <i>East</i> and <i>West</i>; nay, az open and shut
+  vowels!</p>
+
+  <br clear="all" />
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><a name="s7"></a></p>
+
+<h3>7. OV IMPRACTICABEL ARTICULACION.</h3>
+
+  <p>No les embarrassing iz dhe redundance ov impracticabel articulacion,
+  iniscial, medial, or final, (in dhe beguinning, middel, or end, ov
+  words:) dhe first indeed chiefly in forrain names, titels, or terms,
+  hware a consonant, uncombinabel (mediately or immediately) widh a vowel,
+  remains a ded rellic: az dhe <i>c</i> ov <i>czar</i> (dho contracted from
+  <i>Cezar</i>), dhe <i>p</i> ov <i>Ptollemy</i> (mere <i>Tollemy</i>), or
+  <i>ptisic</i> (for <i>tizzic</i>), dhe <i>b</i> ov <i>bdellium</i>, herd
+  onely <i>dellium</i>; and even dhe <i>p</i> ov psalm, herd but
+  <i>sahm</i>, dho dhe <i>l</i> be stil audibel in <i>psalmist</i> and
+  <i>psalmody</i>, all effective beside dhe labial (<i>p</i>).</p>
+
+  <br clear="all" />
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><a name="s8"></a></p>
+
+<h3>8. OV FALSE ASPIRACION.</h3>
+
+  <p>But no exampel can warrant dhe aspiring ideller, dhat pretends to'
+  lead <i>heir</i>, <i>heritage</i>, <i>heritable</i>, <i>heritor</i>;
+  <i>herb</i>, <i>herbage</i>, <i>herbalist</i>; <i>honour</i>,
+  <i>honorary</i>, <i>honourable</i>; and even dhe <i>humble humour</i> ov
+  dhe <i>passing hour</i>; insted ov <i>eir</i>, <i>erritage</i>,
+  <i>erritabel</i>, <i>erritor</i>; <i>erb</i>, <i>erbage</i>,
+  <i>erbalist</i>; <i>onnor</i>, <i>onnorary</i>, <i>onnorabel</i>; widh
+  dhe <i>umbel umor</i> ov dhe prezzent <i>our</i>; hwich doutles can alone
+  be called <i>our our</i>. Yet aspiracion cannot be denied to'
+  <i>inherrit</i>, <i>inherritance</i>, <i>inherritor</i>,
+  <i>heredditary</i>.</p>
+
+  <br clear="all" />
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><a name="s9"></a></p>
+
+<h3>9. DHE GUTTURAL ASPIRATE LOST, OR TRANSMUTED BY MODDERN ORGANS.</h3>
+
+  <p>Dhe consonants dhat subjoin aspiracion (<i>h</i>), ar dhe labial,
+  dental, lingual, and guttural; or dhe articculants from dhe lips, teeth,
+  tung, and throat: <i>p</i>, <i>t</i>, <i>s</i>, and <i>k</i>; by dhe
+  Lattins turned into <i>c</i>: az in <i>Philadelphus</i> and
+  <i>Philadelphia</i>, <i>Thales</i> and <i>Thalia</i>, <i>Sharon</i> and
+  <i>Sheba</i>, <i>Charon</i> and <i>Chilo</i>, hoom dhe Inglish, havving
+  smoodhed away dhe aspiracion, ar fain to' call <i>Caron</i> and
+  <i>Kilo</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>Aincient organs, howevver, dubbelled occazionally dhe guttural, az wel
+  az dhe labial aspirate; dooing equal justice to' <i>Bacchus</i> and to'
+  <i>Sappho</i>: moddern also, (peculiarly the Inglish,) dhe oddher two';
+  dhe simpel always sufficing to' dubbel dhe aspirate. New dialects
+  softening, lost dhe guttural aspirate; til dhe Spannish probbably
+  recovvered it from dhe Morish. The Itallian and Spannish, and from dhem
+  dhe Inglish, endevvored to' make up dhe los, by prefixing dhe simpel
+  dental to' dhe lingual or sibbilant aspirate, hwich dhe Gallic ear
+  preferred widhout dhe dental; preferring dherfor dhe vertual <i>sh</i>
+  and <i>zh</i> to' <i>tsh</i> and <i>dzh</i>. Inglish organs loozing, like
+  French, dhe guttural aspirate, edher dropt dhe aspiracion, az in
+  <i>carracter</i> and <i>kemmist</i> or <i>kymmist</i>; from
+  <i>character</i> and <i>chemist</i> or <i>chymist</i>; or turned dhe hoal
+  ruf guttural into' dhe smoodh labial aspirate. So softening <i>cough</i>,
+  <i>hough</i>, <i>trough</i>, <i>through</i>, <i>though</i>; <i>rough</i>,
+  <i>tough</i>, <i>slough</i>, <i>chough</i>, widh dhe proppers
+  <i>Hough</i>, <i>Brough</i>, and <i>Loughborough</i>; into' <i>cof</i>,
+  <i>hof</i>, <i>trof</i>; <i>throo</i> or <i>thro'</i>, and <i>dho</i>:
+  <i>ruf</i>, <i>tuf</i>, <i>sluf</i>, <i>chuf</i>; <i>Huf</i>,
+  <i>Bruf</i>, and <i>Lufburrough</i> or <i>Lufburrow</i>. But <i>Gough</i>
+  perhaps Orrigin recalled into' <i>Goffe</i> or <i>Gof</i>; hwile
+  <i>Lough</i> became Inglishly <i>Luf</i>, and dhe guttural graddually
+  melted in <i>burrow</i>, ov hwatevver kind.</p>
+
+  <p>Aincient ellocucion depressed no aspirate; sattisfied widh <i>ph</i>
+  or <i>f</i>, <i>th</i>, <i>sh</i>, and <i>kh</i> or <i>ch</i>; widhout
+  <i>bh</i> or <i>v</i>, <i>dh</i>, <i>zh</i> or <i>gh</i>. Dhe labial
+  aspirate gennerated dhe Eollic digamma F (howevver turned), hwich by and
+  by gave birth to' dhe Lattin V. If primmitive tungs gain dhus at length
+  won depressive aspirate; succeding expression, particcularly dhe Inglish,
+  came to' dubbel dhe depressive <i>v</i> az wel az dhe direct <i>ph</i> or
+  <i>f</i>. French articculacion havving no more occazion for such dubbling
+  dhan her parent Lattin, dhe Inglish acute or sharp accent askt it
+  <i>evvery</i> moment; but seing no <i>prescedent</i> in oddher picturage,
+  forbore to' <i>exhibbit</i> it, even until dhe <i>prezzent our</i>, dhat
+  Inglish anallogy, matured at last, rezolved to' be <i>seen</i>, az wel az
+  <i>herd</i>; to' reggulate practice by theory, and realize theory in
+  practice.</p>
+
+  <br clear="all" />
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><a name="s10"></a></p>
+
+<h3>10. DHE OLD ASPIRATE OV R.</h3>
+
+  <p>Som Greeks, followed by som Lattins, fancied to' ad rufnes to' dhe
+  licquid <i>R</i>, or to' paint its innate rufnes more foarcibly, by
+  subjoining aspiracion. Hence rushed dhe <i>Rhine</i> and dhe
+  <i>Rhone</i>, dhe <i>Rhemi</i> and <i>Rheims</i>, <i>Rhoda</i> and
+  <i>Rhodes</i>; <i>rhomb</i>, <i>rhumb</i>, <i>rheum</i>, and
+  <i>rhubarb</i>. Dhe <i>Rhine</i> brought <i>Rhenish</i>; az
+  <i>rhythmus</i> <i>rhythm</i>, <i>rhyme</i> and <i>rhime</i>; til at
+  length harmonious <i>rezon</i> introduced <i>rime</i>, boath into' French
+  and Inglish; hwence dhe regennerated <i>Rine</i>, pouring purified
+  <i>Rennish</i>, rouzed dhe rappid <i>Rone</i> to' rezistles emmulacion;
+  brought <i>Roda</i> to' <i>Rodes</i>, and <i>rubarb</i> to'
+  <i>reumatism</i>. Dhe verry <i>rinosceros</i> disdains now alike to'
+  ruffen hiz horn widh adscitiscious snorting, and to' stifel even hiz
+  moddern sibbilacion.</p>
+
+  <p>Hwen dhe guttural aspirate lost dhe aspiracion, dhe simpel guttural
+  alone cood remain: az in <i>Caron</i>, <i>Kiron</i>, <i>Akilles</i>,
+  <i>Cloe</i>, <i>Cronus</i>; widh <i>carracter</i>, <i>corus</i>, and
+  <i>coral</i>, stil quite clear ov <i>corral</i>: wonce seen, because
+  wonce herd, <i>Charon</i>, <i>Chiron</i>, <i>Achilles</i>, <i>Chloe</i>,
+  <i>Chronus</i>, <i>character</i>, <i>chorus</i>, and <i>choral</i>.</p>
+
+  <br clear="all" />
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><a name="s11"></a></p>
+
+<h3>11. ODDHER ANTIQUATED IDELLERS.</h3>
+
+  <p>Among medial idellers, hiddherto', not onely suffered, but sanccioned,
+  even after parental ejeccion, ar<a name="NtA_3"
+  href="#Nt_3"><sup>[3]</sup></a> dhe <i>s</i> ov <i>isle</i>; <i>l</i> ov
+  <i>fault</i> and <i>vault</i>, <i>p</i> ov <i>receipt</i>, <i>b</i> ov
+  <i>debt</i> and <i>doubt; c</i> ov <i>perfect</i> and <i>verdict</i><a
+  href="#Nt_3"><sup>[3]</sup></a>; here at last fairly seen <i>ile</i>,
+  <i>faut</i>, <i>vaut</i>, <i>receit</i>, <i>det</i>, <i>dout</i>,
+  <i>perfet</i>, <i>verdit</i>. Alike idel iz dhe raddical <i>g</i> ov
+  <i>feign</i> and <i>deign</i>, for <i>fein</i> and <i>dain</i>; and,
+  werse (if possibel) dhan idel, dhe <i>g</i> ov <i>foreign</i> and
+  <i>sovereign</i>, for <i>forrain</i> and <i>sovverain</i>, from
+  <i>forain</i> and <i>souverain</i>; az dheze from <i>foraneus</i> and
+  <i>supraneus</i>.</p>
+
+  <br clear="all" />
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><a name="s12"></a></p>
+
+<h3>12. FINAL FANTOMS, OR DUBBLERS OV FINAL FORMS.</h3>
+
+  <p>How manny final fantoms, in articculating shape, must Truiths torch
+  beam away! how manny dubblers ov a singuel clozer, espescially <i>l</i>,
+  <i>f</i>, <i>s</i>, and <i>c</i>! az <i>ill</i>, <i>off</i>, <i>ass</i>,
+  <i>back</i>; so <i>err</i>, <i>inn</i>, <i>ebb</i>, <i>add</i>,
+  <i>odd</i>, <i>egg</i>: really no more, nor capabel ov being more, dhan
+  <i>il</i>, <i>of</i>, <i>as</i>, <i>bac</i>; <i>er</i>, <i>in</i>,
+  <i>eb</i>, <i>ad</i>, <i>od</i>, <i>eg</i>. <i>Shall</i>, for
+  <i>shal</i>, doz addiscional mischief, by inviting ignorance to' brauden
+  dhe vowel.</p>
+
+  <br clear="all" />
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><a name="s13"></a></p>
+
+<h3>13. ODDHER FALSIFIERS, MEDIAL OR FINAL, OV LICQUIDS OR SIBBILANTS;
+PARTICCULARLY, <i>TI</i> FOR A SIBBILACION.</h3>
+
+  <p>Our misrepprezented consonants seem reducibel to' dheze. 1. Licquid
+  for licquid: <i>l</i> for <i>r</i>, in dhe French <i>colonel</i> for dhe
+  Inglish <i>curnel</i>; <i>n</i> for <i>m</i>, in dhe unutterabel
+  <i>Banff</i>, for dhe good town ov <i>Bamf</i>. Here too may enter for
+  explozion, dhe <i>n</i> ov dhe indeffinite artikel, hweddher before a
+  licquefaccion or an aspiracion; nedher ov hwich iz a vowel: so can we no
+  more say <i>an unicorn</i> dhan <i>an horse</i>, for <i>a unicorn</i> or
+  <i>a horse</i>. 2. Direct for depressive; <i>f</i> for <i>v</i>, in
+  <i>of</i> for <i>ov</i>; <i>s</i> for <i>z</i>, in <i>as</i>, <i>has</i>,
+  <i>was</i>, <i>is</i>, <i>his</i>; for <i>az</i>, <i>haz</i>, <i>waz</i>,
+  <i>iz</i>, <i>hiz</i>: in dhe verbs, <i>house</i>, <i>use</i>,
+  <i>peruse</i>, <i>abuse</i>, <i>excuse</i>, <i>amuse</i>, like
+  <i>muse</i>, noun or verb; <i>chuse</i> or <i>choose</i>, widh dhe
+  <i>dubbly</i> fallacious <i>lose</i> and <i>vase</i>: for <i>houz</i>
+  (like <i>brouz</i>), <i>uze</i>, <i>peruze</i>, <i>abuze</i>,
+  <i>excuze</i>, <i>amuze</i>, <i>muze</i>, <i>chuze</i> or <i>chooz</i>,
+  <i>looz</i>, and <i>vauz</i>. Dhe verbs dhus, duly sevvered from dhe
+  nouns, lead to' distinguish dhe verb <i>refuze</i> from dhe adjective
+  <i>refuse</i>, az wel az from dhe substantive <i>reffuse</i>.
+  <i>Profuze</i> and <i>profuse</i>, <i>diffuze</i> and <i>diffuse</i>, ar
+  simmilarly distinguishabel. Az we saw <i>s</i> play <i>dubbel z</i> in
+  <i>visit</i> and <i>vision</i>, for <i>vizzit</i> and <i>vizzion</i>; so
+  see we dubbel <i>s</i> for <i>z</i> in dhe middel, and for won <i>s</i>
+  in dhe end ov <i>possess</i>, for <i>pozes</i>; hwich hwile oppozite
+  stres secures to' dhe ear from dhe formative ov <i>poze</i>, az
+  <i>cares</i> from dhat ov <i>care</i>, dhe context may wel guide dhe eye
+  ov attension to' dhe undouted meaning. No wonder if dhe direct figgure ov
+  dhe sibbilant frenchly <i>rose</i>, and <i>occasionally rises</i>, for
+  dhe depressive reallity; <i>s</i> for <i>z</i> in <i>rose</i> and
+  <i>rises</i>, <i>occasionally</i> between vowels; for <i>occazionally
+  roze</i> and <i>rizes</i>; nay for dhe dubbel depressive in <i>risen</i>,
+  for <i>rizzen</i>. Dhis rivals indeed <i>Stephen</i> for <i>Steven</i>,
+  and even <i>nephew</i> for <i>nevvew</i>. If <i>Stephanus</i> pretended
+  to' pattronize dhe won, <i>neveu</i> (not <i>nepos</i>) must command dhe
+  oddher.</p>
+
+  <p>But dhe French acaddemy, so exemplary in evvery exhibiscion ov its
+  language, set nohwere so fatal or so followed an exampel, az in
+  pretending to' conjure <i>ti</i> into' <i>si</i> before a vowel: a
+  combinacion indeed! hwich Inglish picturage ventured onely to'
+  constitute, raddher substitute, a sibbilant aspirate; dhe same groop
+  <i>condition</i> prezenting in won picturage <i>condicion</i>; and dhence
+  in dhe oddher <i>condiscion</i>. Yet French led not Inglish into' dhe
+  dissolucion ov <i>x</i> into' <i>ct</i>, in <i>flexion</i>,
+  <i>reflexion</i>; hwich dhe former nevver violated into' <i>flection</i>,
+  <i>reflection</i>, or dhe like.</p>
+
+  <br clear="all" />
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><a name="s14"></a></p>
+
+<h3>14. DHE ORTHOGGRAPHY OV PROPPER NAMES.</h3>
+
+  <p>Innocent howevver wer oddher tungs ov mispainting, az ov
+  mispronouncing dhe dental aspirate; hwich not attempting to' substanciate
+  even direct, far les depressive, dhey aught not, at least need not, to'
+  paint at all: az dhe French <i>Tomas</i>, if les like hiz parent dhan
+  <i>Thomas</i>, wood be so much liker himself; hwile <i>Tommas</i> alone
+  can tel Inglish truith.</p>
+
+  <p>But dhat <i>Tommas</i>, dho a gennerous confessor ov conviccion, iz
+  not dhe alone Brittish truith-teller; dhat he iz rivalled indeed by
+  evvery oddher propper aincient and moddern, can be no novvelty to' anny
+  crittic ov litterary natturalizement; hoo must onnor at wonce dhe, hware
+  possibel, prezerved ennergy ov orrigin; and dhe inviolate prezzervacion
+  ov Inglish anallogy; in dhe unchainged compannions ov <i>Euphrates</i>,
+  <i>Darius</i>, <i>Heraclitus</i>, <i>Berea</i>, <i>Thalia</i>, and dhe
+  rest; az wel az in dhe irreffragabel buties ov <i>Horrace</i>,
+  <i>Terrence</i>, <i>Cezar</i>, <i>Ciscero</i>, <i>Senneca</i>,
+  <i>Soccrates</i>, <i>Democcritus</i>, <i>Empeddocles</i>,
+  <i>Heroddotus</i>, no les dhan ov <i>Jon</i>, <i>Phillip</i>,
+  <i>Robbert</i>, <i>Parris</i>, widh <i>Hellen</i>, <i>Elizzabeth</i>, and
+  dheir oddher Anglicized frends.</p>
+
+  <br clear="all" />
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><a name="s15"></a></p>
+
+<h3>15. DHE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPEL OV ORTHOGGRAPHY.</h3>
+
+  <p>Such iz dhe system ov <font class="sc">Inglish Orthoggraphy</font>,
+  braught widhin dhe compas ov a few pages, on dhe unfailing principel,
+  hwich aught to' govvern evvery plan ov litterary improovment: first, to'
+  make no chainge dhat can rascionally be avoided; and dhen to' make
+  precisely evvery variacion, from vulgar practice, dhat can be
+  demonstrated indispensabel. Nor iz dhis aught else dhan a completed
+  minniature ov <font class="sc">Inglish Propriety</font> <i>ascertained in
+  her picture</i>: two quarto-vollumes graciously received by hiz prezzent
+  Brittish Madjesty, from dhe same umbel hands; at St. Jameses, in
+  1786.</p>
+
+<h2>DHE END.</h2>
+
+  <br clear="all" />
+<hr />
+
+  <p><a name="s16"></a></p>
+
+<h2>THE ORTHOGRAPHIC RIDDLE.</h2>
+
+<h3>PREFACE.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>These emanations of the British Muse,</p>
+      <p>Where English thoughts could English dress refuse,</p>
+      <p>Were once presented to another press,</p>
+      <p>Though thence borne back, as hopeless of success.</p>
+      <p>What honest critic e'er could credit eligible,</p>
+      <p>Riddles to his researches unintelligible?</p>
+      <p>When ready caution guards the lit'rate realm,</p>
+      <p>Never shall foreign floods these isles o'erwhelm:</p>
+      <p>Orthography the mother-tongue shall give,</p>
+      <p>Ever, as every where, with Truth to live;</p>
+      <p>Truth, Reason, Beauty shall o'erspread the nation;</p>
+      <p>Shall solve the <font class="sc">Riddle</font>, with one contemplation.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4">The public monitor of truth,</p>
+      <p class="i4">Sworn enemy to what's uncouth,</p>
+      <p class="i4">With blockheads similarly spells,</p>
+      <p class="i4">(Orthography with pleasure tells)</p>
+      <p class="i4">That thus the force of ridicule</p>
+      <p class="i4">Should laugh the learned back to school.</p>
+      <p class="i4">What then should cause that laughter strange?</p>
+      <p class="i4">What should occasion gen'ral change?</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Orthography the answer gives,</p>
+      <p>To satisfy whoever lives.</p>
+      <p>The honest will confess the pity,</p>
+      <p>Court, country, citadel with city;</p>
+      <p>That ancients, with the giddy young,</p>
+      <p>Should study still the Latin tongue;</p>
+      <p>Should leave to levity, to dolour,</p>
+      <p>The unproficient English scholar;</p>
+      <p>Should give the very stranger dread,</p>
+      <p>Of gibberish, that ne'er was read;</p>
+      <p>That ne'er was heard, without derision,</p>
+      <p>Eschewing ocular revision.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>This one example well will prove,</p>
+      <p>Will lib'ral laughter doubtless move:</p>
+      <p>When Pedantry shall cease to swell,</p>
+      <p>Honour'd Humility will spell.</p>
+      <p>The beauty then, of British truth,</p>
+      <p>Resistless shall enamour youth;</p>
+      <p>Shall evidence th' asseveration,</p>
+      <p>Throughout th' etymologic nation;</p>
+      <p>That one poetic exhibition</p>
+      <p>Could, without lit'ral intuition,</p>
+      <p>Fill ev'ry literary article,</p>
+      <p>Though never spell one single particle:</p>
+      <p>Could faithfully the whole present,</p>
+      <p>Without<a name="NtA_5" href="#Nt_5"><sup>[5]</sup></a> once shad'wing what were meant.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <br clear="all" />
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h2>DHE SOLUCION OV DHE ORTHOGRAPPHIC RIDDEL.</h2>
+
+<h3>PREFFACE.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Dheze emmanacions ov dhe Brittish Muze,</p>
+      <p>Hware Inglish thaughts cood Inglish dres refuze,</p>
+      <p>Wer wonce prezented to' anoddher pres,</p>
+      <p>Dho dhence bor'n bac az hopeles ov succes.</p>
+      <p>Hwat onnest crittic ehr cood creddit elligibel,</p>
+      <p>Riddels to' hiz reserches unintelligibel?</p>
+      <p>Hwen steddy caucion gards dhe litt'rate relm,</p>
+      <p>Nevver shal forrain fluds dheze iles o'rhwelm:</p>
+      <p>Orthoggraphy dhe moddher-tung shal guiv,</p>
+      <p>Evver, az evv'rihware, widh Truith to' liv;</p>
+      <p>Truith, Rezon, Buty shal o'rspred dhe nacion;</p>
+      <p>Shal solv dhe <font class="sc">Riddel</font>, widh won contemplacion.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4">Dhe pubblic monnitor ov truith,</p>
+      <p class="i4">Swor'n ennemy to' hwat'z uncooth,</p>
+      <p class="i4">Widh blockheds simmilarly spels,</p>
+      <p class="i4">(Orthoggraphy widh plezzure tels)</p>
+      <p class="i4">Dhat dhus dhe foarce ov riddicule</p>
+      <p class="i4">Shood laf dhe lerned bac to' scool.</p>
+      <p class="i4">Hwat dhen shood cauz dhat lafter strainge?</p>
+      <p class="i4">Hwat shood occazion genn'ral chainge?</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Orthoggraphy dhe anser guivs,</p>
+      <p>To' sattisfy hooevver livs.</p>
+      <p>Dhe onnest wil confes dhe pitty,</p>
+      <p>Coart, contry, cittadel widh citty;</p>
+      <p>Dhat aincients, widh dhe guiddy yong,</p>
+      <p>Shood studdy stil dhe Lattin tung;</p>
+      <p>Shood leve to' levvity, to' dollor,</p>
+      <p>Dhe unprofiscient Inglish scollar;</p>
+      <p>Shood guiv dhe verry strainger dred,</p>
+      <p>Ov guibberish, dhat nehr waz red;</p>
+      <p>Dhat nehr waz herd widhout derizzion,</p>
+      <p>Eskewing occular revizzion.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Dhis won exampel wel wil proov,</p>
+      <p>Wil libb'ral lafter doutles moov:</p>
+      <p>Hwen Peddantry shal cese to' swel,</p>
+      <p>Onnor'd Humillity wil spel.</p>
+      <p>Dhe buty dhen, ov Brittish truith,</p>
+      <p>Rezistles shal enammor yooth;</p>
+      <p>Shal evvidence dh' assevveracion,</p>
+      <p>Thro'out dh' etymmolodgic nacion;</p>
+      <p>Dhat won poettic exhibiscion</p>
+      <p>Cood, widhout litt'ral intuiscion,</p>
+      <p>Fil evv'ry litterary artikel,</p>
+      <p>Dho nevver spel won singuel partikel:</p>
+      <p>Cood faithfoolly dhe hoal prezent,</p>
+      <p>Widhout<a name="NtA_6" href="#Nt_6"><sup>[6]</sup></a> wonce shadd'wing hwat wer ment.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <br clear="all" />
+<hr />
+
+<h3>NOTES</h3>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p><a name="Nt_1" href="#NtA_1">[1]</a> If not vulgarized from
+  <i>batteller</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><a name="Nt_2" href="#NtA_2">[2]</a> Ov <i>mow</i> dhe vowel and
+  servile coalesce, (az in <i>sow</i>,) into' a dipthong, in dhe compound
+  noun <i>barley-mow</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><a name="Nt_3" href="#NtA_3">[3]</a> From dhe old barbarous French
+  <i>isle</i><a name="NtA_4" href="#Nt_4"><sup>[4]</sup></a>,
+  <i>faulte</i>, <i>voulte</i>, <i>recepte</i>, <i>debte</i>,
+  <i>doubte</i>; <i>parfaict</i>, <i>vraidict</i>: now duly <i>île</i>,
+  <i>faute</i>, <i>voute</i>, <i>recette</i>, <i>dette</i>, <i>doute</i>,
+  <i>parfait</i>, and <i>vraidit</i> from <i>verè dictum</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><a name="Nt_4" href="#NtA_4">[4]</a> Inglish propriety, and indeed
+  common-sense, must also protest against two' late <i>misnomers:
+  Th'isleworth</i> for <i>Thistelworth</i>; and dhe forrain affectacion ov
+  <i>St. Mary la bonne</i> (or even <i>borne</i>) for <i>Marribone</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><a name="Nt_5" href="#NtA_5">[5]</a> Without one particle,
+  representing what is read.</p>
+
+  <p><a name="Nt_6" href="#NtA_6">[6]</a> Widhout won partikel,
+  repprezenting hwat iz red.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Minniature ov Inglish Orthoggraphy
+by James Elphinston
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+</html>
diff --git a/15901.txt b/15901.txt
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+Project Gutenberg's A Minniature ov Inglish Orthoggraphy, by James Elphinston
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Minniature ov Inglish Orthoggraphy
+
+Author: James Elphinston
+
+Release Date: May 25, 2005 [EBook #15901]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INGLISH ORTHOGGRAPHY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Starner, Keith Edkins and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+A
+MINNIATURE
+OV
+_INGLISH ORTHOGGRAPHY_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO'
+DHEIR ROYAL HIGHNESSES,
+DHE PRINCE AND PRINCES
+_OV WALES_;
+DHE DUKE AND DUTCHES
+_OV YORK_:
+ONNORED AZ UNDOUTED
+PATRONS AND PATTERNS
+OV EVVERY PROPRIETY:
+DHIS MINNIATURE
+
+Ov Inglish Orthoggraphy,
+
+_UMBLY HOPES UNIVERSAL ACCEPTANCE;_
+FROM DHE BENIGN PERMISSION
+OV BEING SO INSCRIBED,
+BY DHEIR ROYAL HIGHNESSES
+DEVOTED SERVANT,
+_James Elphinston_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A
+MINNIATURE
+OV
+
+Inglish Orthoggraphy:
+
+DEDDICATED TO'
+_DHE PRINCE AND PRINCES OF WALES_,
+DHE DUKE AND DUTCHES OV YORK:
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BY JAMES ELPHINSTON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_LONDON_:
+
+SOLD (Price 1 Shilling and 6 Pence) BY
+W. RITCHARDSON, ROYAL EXCHAINGE; T. BOOSEY, N. 4,
+BRAUD-STREET, DHARE; F. AND C. RIVVINGTON,
+N. 62; ST. PAULS CHURCHYARD; J. DEIGHTON,
+N. 325, HOLBORN; W. CLARK,
+N. 38, BOND-STREET.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+1795.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  1. _Introduccion_
+  2. _Orthoggraphy ascertained in dhe vowels, and dheir serviles_
+  3. _Vocal substitucion, licenced and licencious_
+  4. _Ov open and shut vowels_
+  5. _Ov dhe aspirates and dheir insertives_
+  6. _Ov redundant serviles_
+  7. _Ov impracticabel articulacion_
+  8. _Ov false aspiracion_
+  9. _Dhe guttural aspirate lost, or transmuted by moddern organs_
+  10. _Old _R_ aspirate_
+  11. _Oddher antiquated idellers_
+  12. _Final fantoms, or dubblers ov final forms_
+  13. _Oddher falsifiers, medial or final; licquids or sibbilants;
+      particcularly _TI_ for a sibbilacion_
+  14. _Dhe orthoggraphy ov propper names_
+  15. _Dhe fundamental principel ov orthoggraphy_
+  16. _The orthographic riddle_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A
+MINNIATURE
+OV
+_INGLISH ORTHOGGRAPHY._
+
+1. INTRODUCTION.
+
+Hwen evvery oddher language, and at last our own, haz been reduced to'
+science; rendered accountabel to' natives, and accessibel to' straingers;
+hwence iz it, dhat our practice, growing daily more a contrast dhan an
+exemplificacion ov our theory, tempts ignorance to' speak, az blind habbit
+spels; raddher dhan to' dream ov spelling, az propriety exhibbits her
+unremitted harmony, hweddher in word or writing? For propriety, hwarevver
+herd, can be seen onely in her picture: nor can dhis be duly drawn, but
+from dhe oridginal; or dhe likenes long prezerved, in dhe coppies ov
+vulgarrity.
+
+Scarce creddibel doz it seem, to' dhe anallogists ov oddher diccions, dhat
+hiddherto', in Inglish exhibiscion, evvery vowel and evvery consonant ar
+almoast az often falsifiers az immages ov dhe truith. Hetteroggraphy
+indeed, or false litterary picture, can arize onely from won, or a
+combinacion, ov foar cauzes: redundance, defiscience; mischoice, or
+misarraingement.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+2. ORTHOGGRAPHY ASCERTAINED IN DHE VOWELS, AND DHEIR SERVILES.
+
+It iz not now new, dhat evvery Inglish vowel haz, not onely a longuer and
+shorter, but even a different sound, az open or shut by a consonant; dho _A
+braud_, open and shut, differ but in quantity. Nor iz it yet a secret, dhat
+certain mutes, or silent letters, (espescially vocal quiescents,) ar named
+_serviles_; rendering essencial az vizzibel service, boath to' vowels and
+consonants. Hware such gards ar wanted, dhey doutles wil attend; and, hwen
+dhey proov superfluous, az reddily widhdraw. Dhus dhe open vowel ov dhe
+simpel shuts, and dhe serviles vannish, in dhe penultimate ov dhe compound:
+_shake_, _Shakspear_; _chear_, _cherfool_; _vine_, _vinyard_, and dhe like.
+So formatives: _stare_ and _stair_, _starling_; _steer_, _sterling_;
+_shere_, _sherrif_; _child_, _children_; _kind_, _kindred_; _know_,
+_knollege_; and dhe rest.
+
+Evvery open ear must allow dhe aspiracion (_h_) to' articculate iniscially
+dhe braud vocal licquid (_w_); nor longuer imadgine dhat _wh_, apparent,
+can becom _hw_ real; or dhat _what_, _whale_, _wheels_, can rascionally
+paint dhe power ov _hwat_, _hwale_, _hweels_. Dhe braud licquid (_w_) haz
+no place in _hoal_, total; or in _hore_, prostitute; distinct alike, to'
+dhe eye, from _hole_ and _hoar_. But _wh_, iniscial, may wel prommise _hw_;
+if _le_ and _re_, boath final, may picture _el_ and _er_: az we admire, not
+onely on dhe _little theatre_, but in dhe _centre_ ov dhe _battle_! Dho a
+tutch ov Rezons wand wil restore dhe buty ov truith; at wonce to' dhe
+_littel theater_, and to' dhe _center_ ov dhe _battel_; az such buty beamed
+in dhe former century.
+
+Dhe French _table_, _chambre_, _ancien_, _danger_, ar dhe unexcepcionabel
+parents ov dhe Inglilh _tabel_, _chaimber_, _aincient_, _dainger_; hoo ar
+too apt scollars, not to' lern from parental exampel, to' show dhemselvs
+hwat dhey ar; widhout wondering, dhat won tung iz not anoddher, or dhat
+each must hav her own essence and semblance; and dhat in ours, az in oddher
+picturage, _an open vowel must not appear a shut won_. Indispensabel dhen
+az dhe servile (_i_) in dhe three last exampels, iz it in _aingel_, dho
+inadmissibel in _angellic_; in evvery _ainge_ and _ainger_, like _rainge_
+and _rainger_; az wel az in _caimbric_ and _Caimbridge_; dho nedher in
+_Cam_ nor _Cambray_.
+
+If _a_ slender, open, must hav in such case its gardian; _a_ slender, even
+shut, hwen protracted, requires its protracting aspiracion (_h_): az in
+_ah! Mahlah_; so in _Pahtric_, _fahdher_, _pappah_, _mammah_, and _ahnt_;
+so distinct (dho safe enuf ungarded) from _ant_ dhe emmet. But _gahp_,
+herd, iz dhus no longuer seen _gape_. _Hant_, _hanch_, and dheir fellows,
+admit not dhe braudener; hwich iz indispensabel to' _wrauth, wauter_, and
+_vauz_; nor need dhe protracting aspirer, more dhan doo _chant_ and
+_branch_.
+
+_O_ must hav its own medial servant, to' ascertain its opennes; in _poark_,
+_poart_, _spoart_, _foart_, _foard_, _goard_, _soard_, (wonce _sword_),
+_foarth_, _foarce_, _foarge_; _boast_, _coast_, _goast_, _moast_, _poast_,
+and _boath_; justly az in dhe annimal _boar_, in _board_, _boast_, and
+dheir fellows; dho _slow_ gender _slowth_, reggularly, az _grow, growth_.
+Widh _poart_ and _poast_, _poartal_, _poarter_; _poastage_, and dhe like.
+
+Better no attendant, dhan a false won. _O_ direct (dhe common _o_) can
+nedher assume _o_, dhe servile ov _o_ depressive (_oo_); nor _u_, hwich
+wood seem its partner in a dipthong. _Doar_, _floar_, and _moar_, ar dhus
+reggular and safe; _dore_, _flore_, and _more_, widh equivvalent servile,
+leve _more_ coincident; yet compounds prefer dhe final servile: az
+_batteldore_,[1] _Blacmore_, _Hwitmore_; and _Strathmore_, scottishly
+strong on dhe latter syllabel.
+
+_Soll_, spirrit, avoids occular union widh _sole_, alike, and _soal_: by
+adopting dhe servile ov _poll_, _boll_, _toll_, _roll_ (widh _controll_,)
+_scroll_, and _droll_. Like dipthongal dainger precludes _u_ from dhe
+servile funccion, duly undertaken by _a_ in _soar_, _moarn_, _boarn_,
+distinct from _boren_ or _bor'n_, dhe compannion ov _woren_ or _wor'n_,
+_sworen_ or _swor'n_, _toren_ or _tor'n_, _shoren_ or _shor'n_, and clear,
+az open and shut, ov _born_; in _coart_, _goard_, _coarse_, and _soarce_.
+_Coarce_, dhe ded _boddy_, dies no more in _corpse_; hwen dhus _boren_
+decently to' interment. Dhis precaution suffers _o_ open, to' understand or
+omit, dhe servile before _l_ and anny oddher consonant: az in _old colt_,
+wonce seen and herd _ould coult_. If _old colt_ now suffice, _oald coalt_
+iz understood. For dhis rezon, _goald_ must no longuer be robbed ov its
+depressive servile, wonce legally seen in _gould_. _Au_, widh les plea,
+suppresses its servile in like sittuacion; az _salt_ and _alder_; except in
+dhe singuel _assault_! _saut_ and _vaut_ being, now, duly out ov dhe
+question.
+
+If _ou_ cannot now paint _o_ direct, much les can it picture _o_ depressive
+(_oo_); in _you_, _youth_, _uncouth_; _should_, _would_, or _could_: for
+_yoo_, _yooth_, _uncooth_; _shood_, _wood_, or _cood_. Hwen _ou_ Inglish
+transferred its equivvalence from dhe French _ou_ to' dhe German _au_,
+hwich compounds _a_ braud, widh _o_ depressive (_au_ widh _oo_); az itself
+cood no more be frenchly interchaingeabel widh _oo_; nedher ov its parts
+waz more likely to' becom so. _Do_ or _who_ can no more dhan _doe_ or
+_hoe_, (boath better employed!) or dhan _shoe_, _canoe_, _lose_, _move_,
+_prove_, _behove_; _Rome_, _Coke_, _Pole_, or simmilar; prezent dhe
+prezzent _doo_, _hoo_, _shoo_, _canoo_, _looz_, _moov_, _proov_, _behoov_,
+_Room_, _Cook_, _Pool_, or dhe like: for truith fears notthing from
+coincidence ov sound, and falsehood always leads astray. _B_ may
+distinctively open dhe vowel, in _climb_ and _comb_; but cannot render it
+also depressive in _comb_, _tomb_, _bomb_, and _womb_; for _coomb_,
+_toomb_, _boomb_, and _woomb_. Hwatevver _u_ may hav been in Lattin
+vocallity, dhat figgure cannot guiv _oo_, even open, in Inglish; far les
+_oo_ shut, in _pull_, _bull_, _full_; _butcher_, _put_, _pudding_, _puss_,
+_push_, _bush_; _bushel_, _cushion_; for _pool_, _bool_, _fool_,
+_bootcher_, _poot_, _poodding_, _poose_, _poosh_, _boosh_, _booshel_, and
+_coossion_: in all ov hwich, dhe _oo_ iz doutles short az shut; and
+distinct az _foolling_ and _fooling_. If _u_ cannot prommise _oo_ shut, no
+more can _oo_ proxy _u_ shut, in dhe singuel _foot_ for _fut_. No servile
+can attend a shut vowel; and _truith_ must hav her own, like _suit_ and
+_fruit_: in dhe French _bruit_ it iz also distinctive. Alreddy hav we seen
+_o_ direct disguized, no les dhan _o_ depressive; and can we longuer bair
+dhe Gallic _beau_, for dhe Brittish _boe_; more dhan dhe dubble falsifier
+_beauty_, for dhe Inglish _buty_, dhe sweet compannion ov _duty_?
+
+_Sew_, _shew_, and _strew_, wer dhe preddecessors, so cannot be dhe
+identities, ov _soe_, _show_, and _strow_: dhe first dhus occularly clear
+ov _sow_, so different verb and noun! dhe latter, distinct to' dhe ear by
+dhe dipthong, hwich also distinguishes _slough_, no more swallowing _sluf_:
+_toe_ and _tow_ (no more jostling widh _tough_, now _tuf_), _doe_ and
+_dough_, _floe_ and _flow_, being respective coincidents; clear indeed to'
+dhe eye, boath ov boddy and mind. _Ow_ final iz dipthongal in _how_, _now_!
+_bow_ bend; _cow_, noun or verb; _sow_, the noun; in _vow_, verb or noun;
+and in _allow_, _endow_. Dhe dipthong distinguishes also _slough_,
+_plough_, and _bough_ branch. _O_ remains merely simpel in _dough_, az if
+_dow_. _Bo!_ or _boh!_ interjeccion, coincides widh _boe_ and _bow_, boath
+nouns: dhe latter leving dhe dipthong to' dhe verb, or its accion, hwence
+dhe ball derives it in _bowl_; dhe open vowel distinguishing dhe _bowl_ or
+bason, coincident widh _boll_ and _bole_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+3. VOCAL SUBSTITUCION.
+
+Dho won semblance may exhibbit, not onely two' senses, but two' sounds; won
+symbol must not pretend to' paint anoddher, unles by distinctive
+substitution. _E_ proovs dhus dhe lawfool substitute ov _a_, in _heigh-ho!_
+moddernized _hey-ho!_ in _heighday_, now _hey-day!_ _weigh_, _wey_, _hwey_,
+_prey_, _bey_, _dey_; _dhey_, _dheir_, _eir_, _eight_, and _freight_; widh
+_obey_, _inveigh_, _convey_, _survey_, and _purvey_; az wel az hwen febel,
+in _parley_, _barley_, _Harley_, _Chudleigh_, and dheir fellows.
+
+But _e_ cannot be _a_, widh dhe servile dhat distinguishes _e_: _tear_
+cannot be clas-mate, at wonce to' _fear_ and _fair_. If dherfor _e_ cannot
+be _a_, widh _a_ servile; and _a_ need no substitute in dhe verbs _tair_,
+_wair_, _swair_, and _bair_; _peir_, dhe fruit, and _beir_, dhe beast,
+claim dhe substitute vowel, widh due servile; _pair_, _pare_, _bair_ and
+_bare_, being engaged. For like rezon, _braik_ and _grait_ admit no vocal
+substitute. _Where_ and _there_ no more puzzel dhan bely, in dheir own
+shape, ov _hware_ and _dhare_.
+
+_E_ fairly substituting dhe forrain _i_, in _pier_, _bier_, _mien_, _lief_,
+widh _belief_, _believ_; _relief_, _reliev_; and dhe rest; so distinct from
+_peer_, _beer_; _mean_, _leaf_; or so connected by alliance, forrain or
+domestic; dhe substitucion simmilarly prevails in _shriek_, _fiend_,
+_fief_, _brief_, _chief_, _atchiev_; _thief_, _thiev_; _repriev_,
+_retriev_; _pierce_, _fierce_, and _tierce_: ettymollogy howevver, scorning
+alike substitucion and superfluity, in _receiv_, _receit_, and dheir
+collaterals.
+
+Forrain semblance belied dhe adoptives, _oblige_, _marine_, _machine_,
+_magazine_, _fatigue_, _intrigue_, _antique_, and _shire_; til Londoners
+began to' treat dhem az natives ov Ingland; not dreaming dhat dheir essence
+cood not here be prezerved, but in dhe guize ov _oblege_, _marene_,
+_mashene_, _maggazene_, _fategue_, _intregue_, _anteke_ (or _anteek_,
+_mareen_, and dhe rest,) joined by _legue_, _twegue_, and _shere_: hwich
+last, dho dhus sevvered from _sheer_ and _shear_, boath coincident in
+sound, waz beguinning, in dhe false shape ov _shire_, (like _oblege_, in
+dhat ov _oblige_,) to' violate Inglish harmony in evvery British nacion.
+Dhe same propriety, dhat dhus gards dhe Inglish vowel (_e_), prezervs, no
+les _piously_, dhe parental equivvalent (_i_), in _obligacion_, _marriner_,
+_mackinate_, _mackinacion_, _indefattigabel_, _anticquity_, az wel az
+_antiquary_; and evvery forrain buty, consistent widh domestic truith.
+
+If dhe prezzent century hav made manny improovments, in orthoggraphy and
+elsehware; it haz certainly made manny alteracions, dhat wer dhe verry
+reverse ov improovment. Som eying truith, onely in her parents, wood
+_allege_ dhat _virtue_ alone cood _persuade_; havving lernedly perfwaded
+dhemselvs, dhat _vertue_ might hav _sweetnes_, widhout partaking _suavity_,
+by hwich dhey pictured _swavvity_. It seems howevver high time dhat a
+certain kingdom, at length panting after evvery propriety, shood know and
+confes, dhat her name iz no more _England_, dhan _Engelonde_ or _Angland_;
+or dhan her sovverain iz _king ov France_!
+
+Since won symbol must no more usurp dhe office ov anoddher, _o_ wil no
+longuer pretend to' paint _A braud_ open (_au_); in _ought_, _nought_,
+_brought_, _thought_, _sought_, _fought_, _bought_; for _aught_ (now indeed
+_aut_), and dhe rest: nor wil _groat_ and _broad_ expect anny more, to' be
+acknolleged _graut_ and _braud_.
+
+Nedher _tongue_ nor _tong_ (alreddy won ov a pair) can picture _tung_; dho
+_u_ stil employ dhe distinctive substitucion ov _o_ in _son_, male issue;
+nor les propperly dhe ettymolodgic in _yong_, _mong_, _mongrel_, _monk_,
+(widh _monkey_,) and _Monday_; in _monney_, _bonney_, _conney_, _condit_,
+_constabel_; az in _yolk_, so in _covver_, _hovver_, _plovver_; in _lovver_
+and _glovver_, from _lov_ and _glov_. _Cullor_ (nevver _colour_) avoids
+coincidence equally widh _collar_ and _coller_; dhe latter greekly, not
+frenchly, affected _choler_.
+
+But surely a vocal groop cannot shrink into' an Inglish shut vowel: nor
+cood dhe following French, or almoast French, be suppozed Inglish words:
+_souple_, _couple_; _double_, _trouble_; _nourish_, _flourish_; _courage_,
+_courteous_, _country_, _cousin_; _journey_, _journal_; _sojourn_,
+_adjourn_, and _touch_; more dhan such oddities claim continnuance, az
+_young_, _rough_, or _tough_: for _suppel_ (alreddy almoast Inglish in
+_supple_,) _cuppel_; _dubbel_, _trubbel_; _nurrish_, _flurrish_; _currage_,
+_curteous_; _contry_ (ettymolodgical substitute ov _cuntry_; like _yong_,
+ov _yung_;) _cozzen_ az _dozzen_, no more _dozen_! _jurney_, _jurnal_;
+_sodjurn_, _adjurn_, widh _tutch_; _tuf_ and _ruf_: not to' reprezent dhe
+so duly exploded, az _authour_, _succour_, _superiour_ for _author_,
+_succor_, _superior_; hweddher agent, accion, or adjective.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+4. OV OPEN AND SHUT VOWELS.
+
+Az vocallity must often depend on articulacion; consonants, like vowels,
+must nedher be too manny, too few, nor oddher dhan dhemselvs. If sounds
+open must not seem shut, sounds shut must not appear open. No servile can
+attend a shut vowel; hwich, on dhe contrary, must show dhe consonant dhat
+shuts it. Hwen a consonant concludes dhe syllabel, after an open vowel; a
+servile must gard dhe vowel from dhe consonant, hwich else wood shut it. A
+shut vowel dhen must show dhe shutter, or be left apparently open.
+
+Dhe first vowel (_a_), slender or braud, may doutles be more or les so, by
+dhe prezzence or absence ov dhe _stres_, or vocal exercion. _A_ slender,
+self or substitute, iz open az garded, in _fain_, _fein_, and _fane_;
+_wail_, and _wale_; open az unshut, in _paper_, _favor_, _braver_,
+_bravest_, _braving_, _braved_: so in _fainer_, _feiner_; az wel az
+_faining_, _feined_; _wailing_, _wailed_; _waling_, _waled_; articculated
+_pa-per_, _fa-vor_, _bra-ver_, _bra-vest_; _fai-ner_, _fei-ner_, and so on:
+for _a singuel consonant_, natturally (dhence nescessarily) _articculates
+dhe following, _not dhe preceding_ vowel_. _A_, slender, iz shut in _fan_,
+_fanning_; and the like. _A braud (au)_ haz its own distinctive servile in
+_faun_ and _fawn_, in _all_ and _awl_, _ball_ and _bawl_. Dho _l_ remain
+dhe servile in _balling_, az wel az dhe _w_ in _bawling_; it iz no servile,
+but dhe effective shutter, in _ballot_, _bal-lot_, or dhe like.
+
+_A braud_, shut, plays its own part, hwen articculated by _w_ or _qu_
+(vertually _cw_,) in dhe propper _Waller_, az in _wallet_ or _quallity_; in
+_war_, _quarrel_; _wart_, _quart_; _wan_, _want_, _quantity_, and such. _A
+braud_, shut, not so articculated, substitutes _o_ shut: dhus dhe _o_ ov
+_cord_ iz perfetly coincident, or unison, widh dhe _a_ in _ward_. Hware _a_
+performs its own braud-shut part, _o_ becoms dhe substitute ov _u_ shut, az
+in _won word_; _quoth_ and _quod_.
+
+_E_ iz dhus open in _mean_ and _mien_, _tiend_ and _fiend_, _siev_ and
+_seiz_; widh _grief_, _griev_; _relief_, _reliev_; _receiv_, _receit_, and
+dheir fellows. Open iz _e_ likewize in _meat_, _meet_, and _mete_; (three
+coincident!) _meeting_, _meting_, and _meter_; shut in _men_, _pen_, _fen_;
+_met_, _set_; _penny_, _fennel_; _penning_, _setting_: and so foarth.
+
+_I_ iz open in _fine_, _finer_, _finish_; _dine_, _dining_, and _diner_;
+_rime_, _riming_, and _rimer_; _fi-ner_, _fi-nish_, and so on: shut in
+_fin_, _finnish_; _din_, _dinner_; _brim_, _brimmer_; _fin-nish,_ and
+simmilar.
+
+_O_ iz open in _Po_, _pole_, _polar_, and _polish_; _mode_, _modish_;
+_soal_, _sole_, and _soll_; shut in _sollace_, _pollish_, and _moddest_;
+_po-lish_, _pol-lish_, and dhe like.
+
+_U_ iz open in _unit_, _unite_; _tune_, _tunic_, _punic_, _studious_; shut
+in _studdy_, _unabated_: _u-nit_, _stu-dent_, _stud-dy_, _un-a-ba-ted_;
+such compounds being licenced to' take in dhe singuel consonant ov dhe
+prepoziscion.
+
+So hear we, and so see we,
+
+_a_, _e_, _i_, _o_, _u_, open; _ar_, _er_, _il_, _on_, _us_, shut; _may_,
+_me_, _my_, _mow_[2], _mew_; _mas_, _mes_, _mis_, _mos_, _must_. So _Mary_,
+_marry_; _even_, _sevven_; _ivy_, _Livvy_; _odor_, _odder_; _student_,
+_studdy._
+
+If dhen open vowels must appear open, shut vowels must appear shut.
+Forrain, even parental, diccions cannot rule dhe picture ov dhe native: for
+picture can hav but won oridginal. Widh parrity ov rezon may (and must
+often) dhe parental vowel be open, and dhe descendant shut. To' edher iz
+_Popes_ laconnic line applicabel:
+
+  _Dhis dhey, dhat know me, know; dhat lov me, tel._
+
+To' keep Inglish, dhus like French and Lattin, or spelling dhe contrast ov
+speech; our litterature haz hiddherto' no likenes ov our language; and haz
+continnued inaccessibel to' evvery native, az much az to' evvery strainger.
+For, hwile we lernedly lov to' see
+
+        Aloe, melon, lily, solemn,
+   carol, very, spirit, coral, borough,
+   manor, tenant, minute, honor, punish,
+  clamor, blemish, limit, comet, pumice,
+       chapel, leper, triple, copy,
+      habit, rebel, tribute, probate,
+             heifer, profit,
+    cavil, revel, drivel, novel, hovel,
+       city, pity, british, critic,
+     madam, credit, idiom, body, study,
+               tacit, licit,
+    hazard, ezad, lizard, closet, bosom,
+                   vicar,
+                  liquor,
+                  liquid,
+                   rigor,
+                   rigid:
+
+We shrewdly hope to' hear,
+
+        Alloe, mellon, lilly, sollemn,
+    carrol, verry, spirrit, corral, burrow,
+   mannor, tennant, minnute, onnor, punnish,
+  clammor, blemmish, limmit, commet, pummice,
+      chappel, lepper, trippel, coppy,
+     habbit, rebbel, tribbute, probbate,
+              heffer, proffit,
+   cavvil, revvel, drivvel, novvel, hovvel,
+       citty, pitty, brittish, crittic,
+   maddam, creddit, iddiom, boddy, studdy,
+               tascit, liscit,
+  hazzard, ezzad, lizzard, clozzet, buzzom,
+                   viccar,
+                   liccor,
+                  licquid,
+                   riggor,
+                   ridgid.
+
+Hwile dhus notthing but _s_ can dubbel soft _c_, or sibbilantly shut dhe
+preceding vowel; and render _precious_, or _vicious_, hwat dhey ar; but
+_prescious_, or _viscious_; dhe sibbilants direct simpel figgure may not
+onely becom, in dhe ostensibel _physic_, _visit_, and _vision_, a dubbel
+depressive; in dhe real _phyzzic_, _vizzit_, and _vizzion_; but work equal
+wonders, in _polysyllables_ ov anny extension; pretending, in dhe verry
+name, to' paint _pollysyllabels_. And dhus dhe trokees grow innumerabel,
+dhat shut and sharpen, shortening dhe former vowel; hwich dhey hav
+hiddherto' pretended to' exhibbit slowly and smoodhly open: so leving
+singuel dhe intermediate articulacion, hwich must be audibly dubbel, (must
+shut az wel az articculate,) and continnue dhe equal impossibillity, ov
+reading and writing our language.
+
+For, _hwen_ our _diccion_ attains, like _oddhers_, _dhe_ happy _habbit_
+_ov_ appearing hwat it iz; alternate strength and febelnes must prezent
+_mallice_ and _maliscious_, _sollemn_ and _solemnity_, _morral_ and
+_morallity_, _mannor_ and _manorial_, _limmit_ and _limmitacion_, _habbit_
+and _habittual_, _spirrit_, _spirritual_, and _spirrituallity_. So evvery
+consequencial, hweddher ov trocaic or dactyllian stres: _orrigin_,
+_oridginal_, _oridginality_, or _originallity_, _reallity_, _quallity_,
+_equallity_, _verrity_, _verrily_, _ennemy_, _ammity_, _appathy_,
+_probbity_; so, widh _propphet_, _propphesy_, and _propphecy_; but, by
+penultimate or antepenultimate ennergy, (dhe stres on last but won, or last
+but two',) _prophettic_, or _prophettical_: widh _philossophy_,
+_philossopher_, and _philosopphic_; widh _avvarice_, _avvariscious_;
+_lodgic_, _logiscian_; _phyzzic_, _phyziscian_; _immage_, _imadgine_;
+_madjesty_, _majestic_. Az _alliment_, _saccrament_; az _orrifice_,
+_saccrifice_, and _orrator_, widhout violacion ov aught _sacred_, or
+chainge ov _oracion_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+5. OV DHE ASPIRATES, AND DHEIR INSERTIVES.
+
+_Oracion_ indeed iz dhus kept _sacred_ az _orrator_: for _t_ cood nevver
+sibbilate (or play _s_) in _orthoggraphy_, aincient or moddern; nor a
+dubbel articulacion pretend to' look singuel, more dhan a singuel a dubbel
+won. Dhe dactyl _orthodox_ admits littel chainge in dhe dubbel trokee
+_orthodoxy_; like _mellancolly_, vulgarly _melancholy_: but _orthoggraphy_
+and _orthograpphical_ ar, widh equal harmony, subject to' antepenultimate
+power. Like Propriety dherfor inserts dhe shutter we hear, in dhe
+duplication, az ov evvery simpel, so ov evvery aspirate, duly dubbled by
+dhe simpel insertive. Dhus _p_ dubbels _ph_, and even _f_, _f_; in
+_propphet_, and _proffit_. But, az _ph_ became _f_; so _bh_, universally
+_v_, nescessarily dubbelled in _provverb_. Az _s_ or _z_ dubbels dhe soft
+sibbilant aspirate, (_sh_ or _zh_) in _prescious_, _decizzion_, _t_ or _d_,
+respectively, dubbled dhat dhey rendered equal to' _tsh_ or _dzh_: az
+_tutching_ dhe _madjesty_ ov _relidgion_.
+
+But dhe Inglish tung, (raddher teeth,) enjoying dhe _dental aspirate_,
+direct and depressive (_th_ and _dh_), beyond perhaps anny oddher language,
+aincient or moddern; can no longuer be denied dhe appearance, hware it so
+peculiarly pozesses dhe reallity, ov dubbling az wel az depressing its
+power. No more dhen can be confounded dhe aspirates ov _oath_, _oadhs_; ov
+_bath_, _badhs_, and _badhe_; ov _Otho_ and _oddher_, _Clotho_ and
+_clodhier_, _dhis thing_ and _dhat thing_; _dheze things_ and _dhoze
+things_: misaspiracion wil no more embarras, dhan misarraingement, _Dhe
+Theater_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+6. OV REDUNDANT SERVILES.
+
+If _defiscience_ ov symbols hav been so ezily and so amply exampelled; a
+ballance may be proffered in _redundance_; ov consonants, no les dhan ov
+serviles. Hwen evvery mute minnister waz supplied to' vocallity; dhe
+hardening gard ov _g_, at least, shood not hav been forgotten. If _i_ waz
+indispensabel in _aingel_ and _dainger, u_ iz az recquizite in _anguel_ and
+_anguer_, az in _guerdon_. _Guet_ and _guiv_ demand dhe (_u_) hardener, az
+boldly az _gues_ and _guilt_. So redundance alreddy recalls, in order to'
+explode, _guess_ and _give!_ Widh dhis not onely _seeing_ (for _seing_) and
+dhe like; but dhe falsifying final ov _are_, _were_; _awe_, _owe_; _some_,
+_come_; _above_, _dove_, _love_, _glove_; _throve_, _drove_, _shrove_,
+_shove_, _hove_; for _ar_, _wer_; _aw_, _ow_; _som_, _com_; _abov_, _dov_,
+_lov_, _glov_; _throv_, _drov_, _shrov_, _shov_, _hov_: hwere _o_ for _u_
+guivs to' the ear, _sum_ distinctive, widh _cum_, _abuv_, and dhe rest.
+
+Superfluous, dhence obstructive, (distractive indeed!) dhe _i_ ov _either_,
+_neither_; _heifer_ and _friend_; dhe _o_ ov _people_ and _yeoman_;
+_leopard_ and _jeopard_; dhe _u_ ov _eulogy_, az ov _eulogium_; ov
+_conduit_, vertually _cundit_: _a_, obviously useles, after an oddherwize
+open vowel, in _season_, _reason_, _treason_, _treacle_, _creature_; in
+_eave_, _heave_, _weave_, _leave_, _cleave_, _reave_, _greave_; _cease_,
+_lease_, _crease_, _grease_; _teaze_, _ease_, _please_; like dhe _e_ final
+to' _sieve_, _grieve_, _relieve_, _receive;_ dhe second _e_ in _sleeve_,
+_geese_, _fleece_, _freeze_, _breeze_, _squeeze_, _cheese_: for _edher_,
+_nedher_; _heffer_, _frend_; _pepel_ and _yeman_, _leppard_, and _jeppard_;
+_ellogy_, az _elogium_; widh _condit_: so _sezon_, _rezon_, _trezon_,
+_trekel_, _creture_; _eve_, _heve_, _weve_, _leve_, _cleve_, _reve_,
+_greve_; _cese_, _lese_, _crese_, _grese_; _teze_, _eze_, _pleze_: _siev_,
+_griev_, _reliev_, _receiv_; _sleve_, _guese_, _flece_, _freze_, _breze_,
+_squeze_, _cheze_. But, like dhe _i_ ov _heifer_ and _friend_, dhe _o_ ov
+_leopard_ and _jeopard_; dhe _u_ ov _eulogy_; iz dhe _a_ ov _leap_-year and
+ov _neap_-tide; for _lep_-year and _nep_-tide; nay, shamefoolly, like dhe
+superfluity in all dheze, haz dhe _a_ hiddherto' remained in _health_,
+_wealth_, and _stealth_; becauz it stil iz nescessary in _heal_, _weal_,
+and _steal_! and doutles, for som simmilarly cogent rezon, doz kind _a_
+continnue to' gard dhe same _shut vowel_! in _realm_, _earl_, _pearl_;
+_earn_, _learn_; _early_, _earnest_; _earth_, _dearth_, _hearth_, _heard_,
+_hearse_, _rehearse_, _searce_, _search_, _threat_, _deaf_, _dead_, _head_,
+_bread_, _tread_, _dread_, _thread_, _stead_, _lead_, _read_; _ready_,
+_steady_, _heady_, _meadow_; _zealous_, _jealous_, _weapon_, _leaven_,
+_heaven_, _endeavour_; _pleasure_, _measure_, _treasure_, _leasure_ or
+_leisure_! for _helth_, _welth_, _stelth_; _relm_, _erl_, _perl_; _ern_,
+_lern_; _erly_, _ernest_; _erth_, _derth_, _herth_, _herd_, _herse_,
+_reherse_, _serce_, _serch_; _thret_, _def_, _ded_, _hed_, _bred_, _tred_,
+_dred_, _thred_, _sted_, _led_, _red_; _reddy_, _steddy_, _heddy_,
+_meddow_; _zellous_, _jellous_; _weppon_, _levven_, _hevven_, _endevvor_,
+_plezzure_, _mezzure_, _trezzure_, _lezzure_.
+
+How (alas!) wil BRITTISH LIBBERTY moarn her novvel chains, hwen she must
+not onely speak az she thinks, but write as she speaks; hwen _rove_, _lov_,
+and _moov_, can chime no more togueddher; hwen _lead_ and _led_, _read_ and
+_red_, _live_ and _liv_, _tear_ and _tair_, ar found oppozite, az _East_
+and _West_; nay, az open and shut vowels!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+7. OV IMPRACTICABEL ARTICULACION.
+
+No les embarrassing iz dhe redundance ov impracticabel articulacion,
+iniscial, medial, or final, (in dhe beguinning, middel, or end, ov words:)
+dhe first indeed chiefly in forrain names, titels, or terms, hware a
+consonant, uncombinabel (mediately or immediately) widh a vowel, remains a
+ded rellic: az dhe _c_ ov _czar_ (dho contracted from _Cezar_), dhe _p_ ov
+_Ptollemy_ (mere _Tollemy_), or _ptisic_ (for _tizzic_), dhe _b_ ov
+_bdellium_, herd onely _dellium_; and even dhe _p_ ov psalm, herd but
+_sahm_, dho dhe _l_ be stil audibel in _psalmist_ and _psalmody_, all
+effective beside dhe labial (_p_).
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+8. OV FALSE ASPIRACION.
+
+But no exampel can warrant dhe aspiring ideller, dhat pretends to' lead
+_heir_, _heritage_, _heritable_, _heritor_; _herb_, _herbage_, _herbalist_;
+_honour_, _honorary_, _honourable_; and even dhe _humble humour_ ov dhe
+_passing hour_; insted ov _eir_, _erritage_, _erritabel_, _erritor_; _erb_,
+_erbage_, _erbalist_; _onnor_, _onnorary_, _onnorabel_; widh dhe _umbel
+umor_ ov dhe prezzent _our_; hwich doutles can alone be called _our our_.
+Yet aspiracion cannot be denied to' _inherrit_, _inherritance_,
+_inherritor_, _heredditary_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+9. DHE GUTTURAL ASPIRATE LOST, OR TRANSMUTED BY MODDERN ORGANS.
+
+Dhe consonants dhat subjoin aspiracion (_h_), ar dhe labial, dental,
+lingual, and guttural; or dhe articculants from dhe lips, teeth, tung, and
+throat: _p_, _t_, _s_, and _k_; by dhe Lattins turned into _c_: az in
+_Philadelphus_ and _Philadelphia_, _Thales_ and _Thalia_, _Sharon_ and
+_Sheba_, _Charon_ and _Chilo_, hoom dhe Inglish, havving smoodhed away dhe
+aspiracion, ar fain to' call _Caron_ and _Kilo_.
+
+Aincient organs, howevver, dubbelled occazionally dhe guttural, az wel az
+dhe labial aspirate; dooing equal justice to' _Bacchus_ and to' _Sappho_:
+moddern also, (peculiarly the Inglish,) dhe oddher two'; dhe simpel always
+sufficing to' dubbel dhe aspirate. New dialects softening, lost dhe
+guttural aspirate; til dhe Spannish probbably recovvered it from dhe
+Morish. The Itallian and Spannish, and from dhem dhe Inglish, endevvored
+to' make up dhe los, by prefixing dhe simpel dental to' dhe lingual or
+sibbilant aspirate, hwich dhe Gallic ear preferred widhout dhe dental;
+preferring dherfor dhe vertual _sh_ and _zh_ to' _tsh_ and _dzh_. Inglish
+organs loozing, like French, dhe guttural aspirate, edher dropt dhe
+aspiracion, az in _carracter_ and _kemmist_ or _kymmist_; from _character_
+and _chemist_ or _chymist_; or turned dhe hoal ruf guttural into' dhe
+smoodh labial aspirate. So softening _cough_, _hough_, _trough_, _through_,
+_though_; _rough_, _tough_, _slough_, _chough_, widh dhe proppers _Hough_,
+_Brough_, and _Loughborough_; into' _cof_, _hof_, _trof_; _throo_ or
+_thro'_, and _dho_: _ruf_, _tuf_, _sluf_, _chuf_; _Huf_, _Bruf_, and
+_Lufburrough_ or _Lufburrow_. But _Gough_ perhaps Orrigin recalled into'
+_Goffe_ or _Gof_; hwile _Lough_ became Inglishly _Luf_, and dhe guttural
+graddually melted in _burrow_, ov hwatevver kind.
+
+Aincient ellocucion depressed no aspirate; sattisfied widh _ph_ or _f_,
+_th_, _sh_, and _kh_ or _ch_; widhout _bh_ or _v_, _dh_, _zh_ or _gh_. Dhe
+labial aspirate gennerated dhe Eollic digamma F (howevver turned), hwich by
+and by gave birth to' dhe Lattin V. If primmitive tungs gain dhus at length
+won depressive aspirate; succeding expression, particcularly dhe Inglish,
+came to' dubbel dhe depressive _v_ az wel az dhe direct _ph_ or _f_. French
+articculacion havving no more occazion for such dubbling dhan her parent
+Lattin, dhe Inglish acute or sharp accent askt it _evvery_ moment; but
+seing no _prescedent_ in oddher picturage, forbore to' _exhibbit_ it, even
+until dhe _prezzent our_, dhat Inglish anallogy, matured at last, rezolved
+to' be _seen_, az wel az _herd_; to' reggulate practice by theory, and
+realize theory in practice.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+10. DHE OLD ASPIRATE OV R.
+
+Som Greeks, followed by som Lattins, fancied to' ad rufnes to' dhe licquid
+_R_, or to' paint its innate rufnes more foarcibly, by subjoining
+aspiracion. Hence rushed dhe _Rhine_ and dhe _Rhone_, dhe _Rhemi_ and
+_Rheims_, _Rhoda_ and _Rhodes_; _rhomb_, _rhumb_, _rheum_, and _rhubarb_.
+Dhe _Rhine_ brought _Rhenish_; az _rhythmus_ _rhythm_, _rhyme_ and _rhime_;
+til at length harmonious _rezon_ introduced _rime_, boath into' French and
+Inglish; hwence dhe regennerated _Rine_, pouring purified _Rennish_, rouzed
+dhe rappid _Rone_ to' rezistles emmulacion; brought _Roda_ to' _Rodes_, and
+_rubarb_ to' _reumatism_. Dhe verry _rinosceros_ disdains now alike to'
+ruffen hiz horn widh adscitiscious snorting, and to' stifel even hiz
+moddern sibbilacion.
+
+Hwen dhe guttural aspirate lost dhe aspiracion, dhe simpel guttural alone
+cood remain: az in _Caron_, _Kiron_, _Akilles_, _Cloe_, _Cronus_; widh
+_carracter_, _corus_, and _coral_, stil quite clear ov _corral_: wonce
+seen, because wonce herd, _Charon_, _Chiron_, _Achilles_, _Chloe_,
+_Chronus_, _character_, _chorus_, and _choral_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+11. ODDHER ANTIQUATED IDELLERS.
+
+Among medial idellers, hiddherto', not onely suffered, but sanccioned, even
+after parental ejeccion, ar[3] dhe _s_ ov _isle_; _l_ ov _fault_ and
+_vault_, _p_ ov _receipt_, _b_ ov _debt_ and _doubt; c_ ov _perfect_ and
+_verdict_[3]; here at last fairly seen _ile_, _faut_, _vaut_, _receit_,
+_det_, _dout_, _perfet_, _verdit_. Alike idel iz dhe raddical _g_ ov
+_feign_ and _deign_, for _fein_ and _dain_; and, werse (if possibel) dhan
+idel, dhe _g_ ov _foreign_ and _sovereign_, for _forrain_ and _sovverain_,
+from _forain_ and _souverain_; az dheze from _foraneus_ and _supraneus_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+12. FINAL FANTOMS, OR DUBBLERS OV FINAL FORMS.
+
+How manny final fantoms, in articculating shape, must Truiths torch beam
+away! how manny dubblers ov a singuel clozer, espescially _l_, _f_, _s_,
+and _c_! az _ill_, _off_, _ass_, _back_; so _err_, _inn_, _ebb_, _add_,
+_odd_, _egg_: really no more, nor capabel ov being more, dhan _il_, _of_,
+_as_, _bac_; _er_, _in_, _eb_, _ad_, _od_, _eg_. _Shall_, for _shal_, doz
+addiscional mischief, by inviting ignorance to' brauden dhe vowel.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+13. ODDHER FALSIFIERS, MEDIAL OR FINAL, OV LICQUIDS OR SIBBILANTS;
+PARTICCULARLY, _TI_ FOR A SIBBILACION.
+
+Our misrepprezented consonants seem reducibel to' dheze. 1. Licquid for
+licquid: _l_ for _r_, in dhe French _colonel_ for dhe Inglish _curnel_; _n_
+for _m_, in dhe unutterabel _Banff_, for dhe good town ov _Bamf_. Here too
+may enter for explozion, dhe _n_ ov dhe indeffinite artikel, hweddher
+before a licquefaccion or an aspiracion; nedher ov hwich iz a vowel: so can
+we no more say _an unicorn_ dhan _an horse_, for _a unicorn_ or _a horse_.
+2. Direct for depressive; _f_ for _v_, in _of_ for _ov_; _s_ for _z_, in
+_as_, _has_, _was_, _is_, _his_; for _az_, _haz_, _waz_, _iz_, _hiz_: in
+dhe verbs, _house_, _use_, _peruse_, _abuse_, _excuse_, _amuse_, like
+_muse_, noun or verb; _chuse_ or _choose_, widh dhe _dubbly_ fallacious
+_lose_ and _vase_: for _houz_ (like _brouz_), _uze_, _peruze_, _abuze_,
+_excuze_, _amuze_, _muze_, _chuze_ or _chooz_, _looz_, and _vauz_. Dhe
+verbs dhus, duly sevvered from dhe nouns, lead to' distinguish dhe verb
+_refuze_ from dhe adjective _refuse_, az wel az from dhe substantive
+_reffuse_. _Profuze_ and _profuse_, _diffuze_ and _diffuse_, ar simmilarly
+distinguishabel. Az we saw _s_ play _dubbel z_ in _visit_ and _vision_, for
+_vizzit_ and _vizzion_; so see we dubbel _s_ for _z_ in dhe middel, and for
+won _s_ in dhe end ov _possess_, for _pozes_; hwich hwile oppozite stres
+secures to' dhe ear from dhe formative ov _poze_, az _cares_ from dhat ov
+_care_, dhe context may wel guide dhe eye ov attension to' dhe undouted
+meaning. No wonder if dhe direct figgure ov dhe sibbilant frenchly _rose_,
+and _occasionally rises_, for dhe depressive reallity; _s_ for _z_ in
+_rose_ and _rises_, _occasionally_ between vowels; for _occazionally roze_
+and _rizes_; nay for dhe dubbel depressive in _risen_, for _rizzen_. Dhis
+rivals indeed _Stephen_ for _Steven_, and even _nephew_ for _nevvew_. If
+_Stephanus_ pretended to' pattronize dhe won, _neveu_ (not _nepos_) must
+command dhe oddher.
+
+But dhe French acaddemy, so exemplary in evvery exhibiscion ov its
+language, set nohwere so fatal or so followed an exampel, az in pretending
+to' conjure _ti_ into' _si_ before a vowel: a combinacion indeed! hwich
+Inglish picturage ventured onely to' constitute, raddher substitute, a
+sibbilant aspirate; dhe same groop _condition_ prezenting in won picturage
+_condicion_; and dhence in dhe oddher _condiscion_. Yet French led not
+Inglish into' dhe dissolucion ov _x_ into' _ct_, in _flexion_, _reflexion_;
+hwich dhe former nevver violated into' _flection_, _reflection_, or dhe
+like.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+14. DHE ORTHOGGRAPHY OV PROPPER NAMES.
+
+Innocent howevver wer oddher tungs ov mispainting, az ov mispronouncing dhe
+dental aspirate; hwich not attempting to' substanciate even direct, far les
+depressive, dhey aught not, at least need not, to' paint at all: az dhe
+French _Tomas_, if les like hiz parent dhan _Thomas_, wood be so much liker
+himself; hwile _Tommas_ alone can tel Inglish truith.
+
+But dhat _Tommas_, dho a gennerous confessor ov conviccion, iz not dhe
+alone Brittish truith-teller; dhat he iz rivalled indeed by evvery oddher
+propper aincient and moddern, can be no novvelty to' anny crittic ov
+litterary natturalizement; hoo must onnor at wonce dhe, hware possibel,
+prezerved ennergy ov orrigin; and dhe inviolate prezzervacion ov Inglish
+anallogy; in dhe unchainged compannions ov _Euphrates_, _Darius_,
+_Heraclitus_, _Berea_, _Thalia_, and dhe rest; az wel az in dhe
+irreffragabel buties ov _Horrace_, _Terrence_, _Cezar_, _Ciscero_,
+_Senneca_, _Soccrates_, _Democcritus_, _Empeddocles_, _Heroddotus_, no les
+dhan ov _Jon_, _Phillip_, _Robbert_, _Parris_, widh _Hellen_, _Elizzabeth_,
+and dheir oddher Anglicized frends.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+15. DHE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPEL OV ORTHOGGRAPHY.
+
+Such iz dhe system ov INGLISH ORTHOGGRAPHY, braught widhin dhe compas ov a
+few pages, on dhe unfailing principel, hwich aught to' govvern evvery plan
+ov litterary improovment: first, to' make no chainge dhat can rascionally
+be avoided; and dhen to' make precisely evvery variacion, from vulgar
+practice, dhat can be demonstrated indispensabel. Nor iz dhis aught else
+dhan a completed minniature ov INGLISH PROPRIETY _ascertained in her
+picture_: two quarto-vollumes graciously received by hiz prezzent Brittish
+Madjesty, from dhe same umbel hands; at St. Jameses, in 1786.
+
+DHE END.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE ORTHOGRAPHIC RIDDLE.
+
+PREFACE.
+
+  These emanations of the British Muse,
+  Where English thoughts could English dress refuse,
+  Were once presented to another press,
+  Though thence borne back, as hopeless of success.
+  What honest critic e'er could credit eligible,
+  Riddles to his researches unintelligible?
+  When ready caution guards the lit'rate realm,
+  Never shall foreign floods these isles o'erwhelm:
+  Orthography the mother-tongue shall give,
+  Ever, as every where, with Truth to live;
+  Truth, Reason, Beauty shall o'erspread the nation;
+  Shall solve the RIDDLE, with one contemplation.
+
+      The public monitor of truth,
+      Sworn enemy to what's uncouth,
+      With blockheads similarly spells,
+      (Orthography with pleasure tells)
+      That thus the force of ridicule
+      Should laugh the learned back to school.
+      What then should cause that laughter strange?
+      What should occasion gen'ral change?
+
+  Orthography the answer gives,
+  To satisfy whoever lives.
+  The honest will confess the pity,
+  Court, country, citadel with city;
+  That ancients, with the giddy young,
+  Should study still the Latin tongue;
+  Should leave to levity, to dolour,
+  The unproficient English scholar;
+  Should give the very stranger dread,
+  Of gibberish, that ne'er was read;
+  That ne'er was heard, without derision,
+  Eschewing ocular revision.
+
+  This one example well will prove,
+  Will lib'ral laughter doubtless move:
+  When Pedantry shall cease to swell,
+  Honour'd Humility will spell.
+  The beauty then, of British truth,
+  Resistless shall enamour youth;
+  Shall evidence th' asseveration,
+  Throughout th' etymologic nation;
+  That one poetic exhibition
+  Could, without lit'ral intuition,
+  Fill ev'ry literary article,
+  Though never spell one single particle:
+  Could faithfully the whole present,
+  Without[5] once shad'wing what were meant.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DHE SOLUCION OV DHE ORTHOGRAPPHIC RIDDEL.
+
+PREFFACE.
+
+  Dheze emmanacions ov dhe Brittish Muze,
+  Hware Inglish thaughts cood Inglish dres refuze,
+  Wer wonce prezented to' anoddher pres,
+  Dho dhence bor'n bac az hopeles ov succes.
+  Hwat onnest crittic ehr cood creddit elligibel,
+  Riddels to' hiz reserches unintelligibel?
+  Hwen steddy caucion gards dhe litt'rate relm,
+  Nevver shal forrain fluds dheze iles o'rhwelm:
+  Orthoggraphy dhe moddher-tung shal guiv,
+  Evver, az evv'rihware, widh Truith to' liv;
+  Truith, Rezon, Buty shal o'rspred dhe nacion;
+  Shal solv dhe RIDDEL, widh won contemplacion.
+
+      Dhe pubblic monnitor ov truith,
+      Swor'n ennemy to' hwat'z uncooth,
+      Widh blockheds simmilarly spels,
+      (Orthoggraphy widh plezzure tels)
+      Dhat dhus dhe foarce ov riddicule
+      Shood laf dhe lerned bac to' scool.
+      Hwat dhen shood cauz dhat lafter strainge?
+      Hwat shood occazion genn'ral chainge?
+
+  Orthoggraphy dhe anser guivs,
+  To' sattisfy hooevver livs.
+  Dhe onnest wil confes dhe pitty,
+  Coart, contry, cittadel widh citty;
+  Dhat aincients, widh dhe guiddy yong,
+  Shood studdy stil dhe Lattin tung;
+  Shood leve to' levvity, to' dollor,
+  Dhe unprofiscient Inglish scollar;
+  Shood guiv dhe verry strainger dred,
+  Ov guibberish, dhat nehr waz red;
+  Dhat nehr waz herd widhout derizzion,
+  Eskewing occular revizzion.
+
+  Dhis won exampel wel wil proov,
+  Wil libb'ral lafter doutles moov:
+  Hwen Peddantry shal cese to' swel,
+  Onnor'd Humillity wil spel.
+  Dhe buty dhen, ov Brittish truith,
+  Rezistles shal enammor yooth;
+  Shal evvidence dh' assevveracion,
+  Thro'out dh' etymmolodgic nacion;
+  Dhat won poettic exhibiscion
+  Cood, widhout litt'ral intuiscion,
+  Fil evv'ry litterary artikel,
+  Dho nevver spel won singuel partikel:
+  Cood faithfoolly dhe hoal prezent,
+  Widhout[6] wonce shadd'wing hwat wer ment.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NOTES
+
+[1] If not vulgarized from _batteller_.
+
+[2] Ov _mow_ dhe vowel and servile coalesce, (az in _sow_,) into' a
+dipthong, in dhe compound noun _barley-mow_.
+
+[3] From dhe old barbarous French _isle_[4], _faulte_, _voulte_, _recepte_,
+_debte_, _doubte_; _parfaict_, _vraidict_: now duly _ile_, _faute_,
+_voute_, _recette_, _dette_, _doute_, _parfait_, and _vraidit_ from _vere
+dictum_.
+
+[4] Inglish propriety, and indeed common-sense, must also protest against
+two' late _misnomers: Th'isleworth_ for _Thistelworth_; and dhe forrain
+affectacion ov _St. Mary la bonne_ (or even _borne_) for _Marribone_.
+
+[5] Without one particle, representing what is read.
+
+[6] Widhout won partikel, repprezenting hwat iz red.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Minniature ov Inglish Orthoggraphy
+by James Elphinston
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