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diff --git a/15680-h/15680-h.htm b/15680-h/15680-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9321e5f --- /dev/null +++ b/15680-h/15680-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1634 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of De Usu Ratiocinii Mechanici In Medicina, by Hermanni Boerhaave. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + font-variant: small-caps; + clear: both; + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + max-width: 40em + } + + .linenum {position: absolute; top: auto; left: 4%;} /* poetry number */ + .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%;} + .pagenum {position: absolute; left: 92%; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;} /* page numbers */ + .sidenote {width: 20%; padding-bottom: .5em; padding-top: .5em; + padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .5em; margin-left: 1em; + float: right; clear: right; margin-top: 1em; + font-size: smaller; background: #eeeeee; border: dashed 1px;} + + .bb {border-bottom: solid 2px;} + .bl {border-left: solid 2px;} + .bt {border-top: solid 2px;} + .br {border-right: solid 2px;} + .bbox {border: solid 2px;} + + .center {text-align: center;} + .sc {font-variant: small-caps;} + .u {text-decoration: underline;} + + .caption {font-weight: bold;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + .figleft {float: left; clear: left; margin-left: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: + 1em; margin-right: 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + .figright {float: right; clear: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; + margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + .footnotes {border: dashed 1px;} + .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + .footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} + .fnanchor {vertical-align: super; font-size: .8em; text-decoration: none;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: left;} + .poem br {display: none;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem span {display: block; margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i2 {display: block; margin-left: 2em;} + .poem span.i4 {display: block; margin-left: 4em;} + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of De Usu Ratiocinii Mechanici in Medicina +by Hermanni Boerhaave + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: De Usu Ratiocinii Mechanici in Medicina + +Author: Hermanni Boerhaave + +Release Date: April 22, 2005 [EBook #15680] + +Language: Latin + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DE USU RATIOCINII MECHANICI *** + + + + +Produced by Frank van Drogen and the Online Distributed Proofreading +Team. + + + + + + +</pre> + + + +<div><br /><br /><!-- Page 117 --><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117"></a></div> + + + + +<h2>Hermanni Boerhaave<!-- Page 118 --><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118"></a></h2> + + + + + + +<h1>De Usu Ratiocinii Mechanici In Medicina</h1> + +<div><br /><br /></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<div><br /><br /></div> + +<h4>Oratio</h4> + + +<h4>Habita In Auditorio Magno</h4> + + +<h4>XXIV. Septembris.</h4> + + +<h4>MDCCIII.</h4> + +<h4>Cum Tertii Suae Stationis Anni Labores Auspicaretur.</h4> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p><!-- Page 119 --><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119"></a></p> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a id="Boerhaave"></a> + + <a href="images/boerhaave.jpg"> + <img src="images/boerhaave.jpg" alt="Boerhaave" title="Boerhaave." /> + </a> + <p class="figcenter"><span class="smcap">Boerhaave.</span></p> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p><!-- Page 122 --><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122"></a> +<span style="margin-left: 15em;" class="sc"><i>Nobilissimis et Splendidissimis Viris</i></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 15em;" class="sc">Academiae Batavae</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 15em;" class="sc">Curatoribus,</span><br /> +</p> + +<p><span class="sc">D. Jacobo, Baroni Wasnariae,</span> Toparchae Opdami, Hensbroek, +Wochmeer, Spierdijk, Zuydwijk, Kernchem, Twikelo, Lage, etc. Ordinis +Equestris Nobilium Hollandiae Primo Assessori, Illustris Ordinis +Equestris Danici, Cujus insigne Elephas, membro, Equitum Foed. Belgicae +Magistro. Munitissimae Urbis Sylvae Ducis Gubernatori. Ad Potentissimos +Poloniae et Borussiae Reges, ad Serenissimum Electorem Hanoveriensem, et +ad Plures Germaniae Principes, Legato Extraordinario, etc. etc.</p> + +<p><span class="sc">D. Huberto Rosenboom,</span> JCto, Toparchae in 's Grevelsregt, +Supremae Batavorum Curiae Praesidi, etc. etc.</p> + +<p><span class="sc">D. Hermanno van den Honaart,</span> JCto, Viro Consulari in Senatu +primae in Hollandia Dordrechtanorum Urbis, ejusque Voto in Delegatos +Praepotentium Ordinum Hollandiae adscripto, Comiti Aggerum +Alblasserwaarde, etc. etc.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 8em;" class="sc">Eorumque collegis,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 8em;"><i>Amplissimis, Gravissimisque Viris</i>,</span><br /> +</p> + +<p><span class="sc">D. Johanni van den Berg</span>, JCto, Consulum hoc anno Praesidi, et +Amplissimi simul Consessus Curatorum Academiae Actuario,</p> + +<p><span class="sc">D. Conrado Ruysch,</span> JCto.</p> + +<p><span class="sc">D. Abrahamo van Alphen,</span> JCto.<span class="sc">D. Petro van Dorp.</span></p> + +<div class="center"> +<span class="sc"> +Hanc Orationem<br /> +Ea, qua par est, veneratione<br /> +Sacrat</span><br /> +Virtuti, et Nomini Eorum<br /> +Devotissimus<br /> +<br /> +<span class="sc">Hermannus Boerhaave.</span><br /> +</div> + +<div> <br /><br /></div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div> <br /><br /></div> + +<h2>HERMANNI BOERHAAVE<!-- Page 124 --><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124"></a></h2> + + + +<h3>De Usu ratiocinii Mechanici in Medicina</h3> + +<h3>ORATIO.</h3> + +<div> +<br /> +</div> + +<p>Qui corporum vires ex mole, figura, et velocitate, vel assumtis, vel +deprehensis observatione, calculo aestimant Geometrico, Mechanici +appellantur. Quos ipse Artis usus, claraque demonstratae veritatis lux, +Sapientibus adeo commendavit, ut aliam omni aeque laudatam seculo, omni +aeque comprobatam suffragio, temere non inveneris. Miram profecto, et +insperato rei eventu humana fere altiorem Sapientiam!</p> + +<p>Illa enim certis quidem, sed paucis admodum, iisque vulgatis ubique +principiis fundamenta debet subtilissimi cujusque et difficillimi +inventi.</p> + +<p>Postulata ideo Scientiae hujus sordent his, qui fronte prima decepti +rebus pretium statuere, vel obscura tantum suspicere solent. Artium vero +severissimae successum quisquis spectat, summo eam ingenii cultu +dignissimam habet, quia fundamento subnixa tam plano Hominum robur longe +supra vires Generis Humani evexit. Ejus quippe effectu nulla datur +immobilis moles, licet moturus minimo valuerit agendi momento.</p> + +<p>Quare utilitatem ejus ommis civilis, omnis agnoscit militaris +disciplina. Hanc aliis artibus necessariam non tantum idonei judices, +sed et vanae gloriae ex ignara laude aucupes imperiti celebrant. In<!-- Page 126 --><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126"></a> +sola medicina spernitur, vel praetervisa nihil boni praestare vulgo +censetur.</p> + +<p>Quod ipsum tamen adeo ego alienum a rei veritate, adeo calamitosum fundo +medico habeo, ut dicendi argumentum hac mihi hora aliunde non petiverim. +Neque Vestram exspectationem, neque mea me vota fefellisse crediderim, +si plani sermonis perspicuitate evicero, <i>Mechanices in Medicina usum +esse summum, necessitatem maximam</i>.</p> + +<p>Quae agitanti ubertas rei verborum apparatum praecidere videtur. Sed +reficit me Vestra in judicando spectata satis sinceritas, quae damnata +dudum exordii demulcentis lenocinia ab loco hoc, qui soli veritati +sacer, relegavit. Rem itaque ipsam libere exordior; maxime quum severa +veritas patientiam quidem et attentionem imploret, gratiam vero repudiet +et odia.</p> + +<p>Generalem corporis naturam nullos definivisse verius quam Mathematicos +tam clarum habeo, ut litem de fide hujus asserti exspectem plane nullam. +Quae vero singulari cuique, prout in rerum natura existit, corpori +propria sit indoles, ex universali hac Geometrarum idea a priori nullus +rite deduxerit. Illa enim ex sola collectione communium nata, secluso +accurate omni eo, quod unum ab alio distinguit, justo ratiocinio non +dabit conclusionem unquam, quae peculiarem corporis naturam explicet. Ab +hac ipsa tamen pendet primario vis agendi, qua unum prae alio corpus +pollet; adeoque illa ignorata et haec incognita lateat necesse est.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 128 --><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128"></a>Ignota igitur haec detegere quisquis amat, ex ipsa re singulari +conditiones eruere debet, quae procacem aliter ratiocinii libertatem in +indaganda rei indole exacte determinet. Has vero certo nullus novit, +nisi ille, qui sensuum experimento observandos corporis cujusque +effectus perspexit. Habent sc. hi rationem eorum, quae ex natura propria +rei indagandae fluunt; singula ergo horum unam hujus proprietatem, +collecta vero simul integram ejus naturam absolvunt, qua sensibus patet.</p> + +<p>Quicunque autem ex his ipsis liquidissime prius perspectis, more dein +Geometrico ea demonstrat, quae clara et individua sequela inde elici +possunt, plura longe deteget, quam sensuum auxilium revelasset unquam. +Neque tamen ipsa haec posteriora vera minus prioribus, neque minus +certa, neque minus apta usui erunt.</p> + +<p>Praeter binas hasce, tertia non datur, quae peculiarem corporeae +cujusdam machinae constructionem reseret, clavis.</p> + +<p>Quarum utraque id evincit unum, humanum corpus idem esse natura toti, +quam contemplamur, Universitati rerum.</p> + +<p>Sensu teste et ratione judice nil habet praeter caetera eximii, si seria +speculatione principia ejus lustraveris, nisi quod ex pluribus, +diversisque machinis influxu humorum agitatis illud possidemus +conflatum.</p> + +<p>Conflatum vero hac conditione, ut adunatarum partium effectus sit plures +producere, eosque varios valde, motus, qui mechanica plane evidentia ex +mole, figura, firmitate et nexu partium inter se, fluunt. Quod +confirmatur satis, quoniam solo mechanico motu destructa harum partium +una, vel soluta tantum vinculi tenacitate, frustra eundem deinceps +effectum speramus. Humanum ergo verum est, <!-- Page 130 --><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130"></a>quale Mechanici speculantur, +corpus; habet adeoque id omne, quod clara hujus specie exhibetur.</p> + +<p>Eadem igitur lege, qua mathematicum illud et humana haec machina +explicabilis arti geometricae erit; si modo pro datis assumuntur, non +quas arbitrium mentis ex infinita possibilium varietate pro lubidine +finxit, sed sensuum usu probe compertae dotes ejus peculiares.</p> + +<p>Quarum plurimas anatome vario equidem detexit artificio, observando +majorum, quibus componimur, partium definitam structuram. Plura in +minoribus pulcherrimum detexit microscopii inventum, similem his, +majoribusque naturam demonstrans. Sed et liquidorum scientia revelavit +multa, quae humorum per vasa nostra circumactorum ingenium, impetum, +directionemque determinant. Quare, aut ex omnibus his nihil lege +scientiae deduci poterit unquam, aut soli mechanicae in cognoscendo, +adeoque et in gubernando corpore humano palma tribuenda erit.</p> + +<p>Nihil veri, nihil certi, nihil quod ex usu sit, ex tot manifestis +observatis deduci posse, sive ea quis rite expenderit singula, sive +emendatissimo ratiocinio inter se comparaverit universa, quis credet, +quis asseret?</p> + +<p>Languentis certe animi tardum nimis torporem, et ingratum plane +pulcherrimorum, quae possidemus, inventorum neglectum, qui sic loquitur, +palam facit.</p> + +<p>Desidiosi est nihil agendo desperare semper, vel elevare verbis, facere +quae forte solus non possit.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 132 --><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132"></a>Quod si ratiocinandi lege ignota quidem inde illustrari posse concedens +quis, mechanicis tamen solis id muneris denegat, aliam det quaeso, quae +corporea rectius excutiat, artem. Id qui aggreditur, necessarium est ut +statuat rerum naturam optime explicari per ea principia, quae a quaesita +rei natura maxime aliena sunt, et per eos, qui ab una omni Bono probata +veri indagandi methodo longissime aberrant. Eo autem ipso tot, tantisque +se intricat absurdis, ut, nulla ejus ratione habita, propositum +demonstratum putem.</p> + +<p>Sed jejuna nimis audit haec convincendi ratio, cujusque remotior ab usu +communi vis paucos in assensum cogat! Id verum quin sit, si ex +plurimorum captu aestimatur demonstrationis pondus, nullus dubito.</p> + +<p>Quidni ergo, vel horum gratia, in liquidissima luce locatam rem ponamus +ob oculos; et in ea quidem, qua se omnes pulchre uti jactant, quibus +mederi cura est.</p> + +<p>Quae aggressurus vel invitus sane cogor ex historia structurae corporis +allegare ea, quae Rhetorum locis insueta plane et inaudita, puritati +defaecatae Latinitatis peregrina et barbara, intellectui tamen ipsius +rei praeprimis necessaria habentur.</p> + +<p>Maximam corporis nostri partem arteriis contextam, harumque sustentatam +beneficio vigere, clarius est, quam demonstratione ut egeat. Has canales +esse cruorem qui castigant, inque suo dirigunt itinere, quorum maxima +circa cor sensim gracilescit cavitas, donec prae tenuitate aciem visus +fugiat, vel laniones norunt. Neque minus vulgatum, a corde exortum unum +horum truncum explicari in ramos laterales, figura trunci similes, eadem +ratione et divisos rursus et decrescentes, hoc tamen artificio, ut +truncus recta pergens, in loco <!-- Page 134 --><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134"></a>divisionis majori plerunque capacitate +aperiatur quam rami, qui ad latera trivii hujus porriguntur. Sinuoso +autem flexu ita haec omnia vasa curvari, ut cavitatum latera ad +infinitos numero, et magnos valde angulos ubique inflectantur, hujusque +Spirae gravissimos effectus esse in sanguinem transfluentem, observarunt +a paucis retro annis, qui Geometricas subtilitates rebus applicuere +Medicis.</p> + +<p>Quam mirabili vero, quam efficaci fabrica flexiles finxit hos canales +Adorandus nostrae machinae Faber!</p> + +<p>Dum a premente intus liquido distendi posse sine lacerationis discrimine +voluit, eoque rursum fecit ingenio, ut humorem a dilatatione reciproca +cessantem valido cum impetu cogere, se vero in arctiorem capacitatem +propria sponte restituere queant.</p> + +<p>Ultimos autem arteriae, hosque minutatim divisos fines in membrana, ut +firma basi, ordinari, ibique per fistulas in mutuos occursus emissas +hiare inter se, ante Malpigium viderat nemo. Ille primus ambages +resolvit et mille viarum dolos, quos pulsa in hos Maeandros liquida +pererrant.</p> + +<p>Sed, o admirabilitatem maximam! o mechanismum pollicis divini!</p> + +<p>Tanta enim accuratione digesti ramuli aequali hic viae latitudine +porrecti et laterali progenie orbi, primordia venarum, Lymphaeductuum, +horumque sinus mutata constituunt figura.</p> + +<p>Haec ea sunt, quae oculi acies, microscopium, vasorum in vivis +ligaturae, hydrargyrium mortuis injectum, contemplatio figurae morbosae, +<!-- Page 136 --><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136"></a>comparatio denique brutorum, piscium, insectorum et plantarum detexit.</p> + +<p>Praeter illa in arteriis ipsis deprehenditur nihil, falso finguntur +plurima.</p> + +<p>Maxima ergo corporis, eaque efficax valde ad vitam pars, Mechanica +descriptione, canalis est conicus, elasticus, inflexus, divisus in +similes minores eodem trunco ortos, qui ultimo circa vertices +cylindricos retis structura in se mutuo patent.</p> + +<p>Id si verum, quod omnium profecto verissimum, nonne sequitur omnes +effectus quos sanguini arteriæ præstant, tantum pendere ab hac earum +fabrica?</p> + +<p>Nonne et hoc rursum liquet, omnes ergo illos hinc solummodo petendos, et +demonstrandos esse?</p> + +<p>Vos nunc, qui justi sedetis hac in causa Judices, obtestor! Quis ea, quæ +vel hinc duntaxat oriuntur, verae demonstrationis ordine expediet?</p> + +<p>Solus ille, qui figurarum contemplationi, et oscillatoriæ virtutis +calculo assuetus, callide videt, quam multa, quam gravia ex hisce solis +demonstrare queat; solus ergo Mechanicus.</p> + +<p>Sed patiamur abripi nos admirabilitate hujus arteriæ, brevis certe +levisque attentionis præmium Scientia erit totius fere humani corporis.</p> + +<p>Illa, ubi depictum antea rete constituit, tubos emittit cylindricos adeo +arctos, qui rubras cruoris sphaeras ore suo capere nequeant; unde his +recipitur tenuior tantum et excolor pars sanguinis.</p> + +<p>En veram vasis lymphatici ideam!</p> + +<p>Eadem rursum ibidem loci arteria recto porrigit decursu truncum, <!-- Page 138 --><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138"></a>qui +emissis Lymphaticis amplior crassiorem, rubrumque sanguinem, sero +liquidiori orbatum vehat.</p> + +<p>Ecce venarum genuinam originem!</p> + +<p>Quarum angustam primo cavitatem mox ampliorem reddit infusa ubique nova +per laterales fistulas liquidi venosi, Lymphaticique moles, prorsus ut +novum conum, similem arterioso, eique ad vertices oppositum +repraesentare discat.</p> + +<p>Perfunctorie tangere quae debui, vasa, vah quae, quamque pulchra in +recessu recondunt!</p> + +<p>Arterias, Venas, Lymphaeductus, descriptumque horum apparatum plano +affigas membranaceo, huic nervos intexas, villosque applices elasticos, +tum convolvas in glomerem, habebis glandulae fabricam.</p> + +<p>Quam quoties cogito, uberrimam mirandorum effectuum matrem contemplor, +simulque ineptissimi cujusque figmenti falso celebratam sedem.</p> + +<p>Tu vero inanes Chimaerae latebras aperiens, Tu maxime Malpigi! +Suprahumana industria, incredibili labore, atque cautissima +perspicientia, simplici hoc artificio absolvi ejus compagem, plus quam +demonstras!</p> + +<p>Quanti vero momenti demonstratio! glandularum enim aggregato totum fere +corpus constat!</p> + +<p>Cerebrum Hippocratico oraculo glandula penicillo Malpigiano depingitur +ut ordinata ex arteriis, venis, receptaculis, emissariisque nervosis +moles. Jecur, Lien, Renes glandulis fiunt adunatis.</p> + +<p>Ipsa humoris genitalis officina artificiosus canalium cylindricorum +glomus. Ipsum Embryi dolium, ipsa foetus aula, ipse candidi nectaris, +quod recens nati bibunt, promus condus hac glandulosa operantur arte. +Ossa ipsa et membranas eadem fere compaginari structura quis <!-- Page 140 --><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140"></a>dubitat, +nisi cui cedro digna et aere scripta Malpigii, Kerkringii, Havertiique +nondum illuxere?</p> + +<p>Lacertis tandem examinandis mentem applicuisse rogo ne poeniteat! Huic +se labori quicunque non subduxerit, nae ille subtilissimae Mechanicae +artis efficacissima instrumenta clarissime reperiet! Musculus enim omnis +nonne ex minoribus similibus componitur? Ultimus vero quid, quaeso, +villus est? Non aliud certe, quam nervosi et angustissimi canalis +dilatata, simulque attenuata pellis canali, unde oritur, cavum formans +amplius soloque inflatum spiritu.</p> + +<p>Hujus vero quam immensa sit machinae potentia, scite novit, qui +hydraulica Mariotti experimenta contulit Cartesii Mechanicis.</p> + +<p>Pulmones contemplemini, diversae a caeteris structurae, saccos habebitis +elasticos, sphaeroïdeos, qui abscisso coni vocalis appenduntur vertici; +horum superficies maculis retis sanguiferi ornatur, et, quod mira hic +arcana velat, incilibus fere caret lymphaticis.</p> + +<p>Ergone, cogitatis forte, admirabilis illa, illa tam artificiosa Hominis +machina simplici adeo perficitur apparatu!</p> + +<p>Certe non fit alio.</p> + +<p>Habeat hanc, qui volet, ob simplicitatem, vilem!</p> + +<p>Mechanice Organum id laudat, ejusque Auctorem celebrat sapientissimum, +quod quaesito effectui producendo aptissimum, simulque inter omnia, quae +eundem praestare possent, simplicissimum sit.</p> + +<p>Quid tandem ex hisce concludemus?</p> + +<p><!-- Page 142 --><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142"></a>Corpus nempe humanum machinam esse, cujus solidae partes aliae sint +vasa liquidis coërcendis, dirigendis, mutandis, separandis, colligendis, +et excernendis apta; aliae vero instrumenta mechanica, quae figura, +duritie nexuque suo vel fulcire alia, vel definitos motus exercere +queant.</p> + +<p>Peccabo in patientiam vestram vestrumque decus, si cuncta examussim +explico. Id unum bona audietis cum gratia: Hippocratem cum integro, quem +sequutus est Babyloniorum, Ægyptiorum, Graecorumque choro, cum integra, +quae eum sectata est Grajorum schola duo haec, non alia detexisse.</p> + +<p>Arabas omni industria, omni anatomes cultu tertium addere potuisse +nunquam.</p> + +<p>Instauratorem anatomes consulite Vesalium, hujus aemulos Eustachium et +Fallopium; tum immortales inventis Harvaeum et Malpigium; et hos, qui +singuli novis antiqua emendarunt Asellium, Pecquetum, Bartholinum, +Dathirium, Bellinum, Glissonium, Wharthonum et Willisium; his jungite +juxta leges mechanicas anatomicos Lealem et Louwerum, quique in +abditissima penetrarunt, Hokium, Pouwerum, Leeuwenhoekium, deprehensuri +estis omni arte, omni artis adjumento bina, quae dixi, nec inventa alia.</p> + +<p>Cur alia ergo fingere precario quempiam patiemur, nobisque imponentem in +aeternum verba dare?</p> + +<p>Ubi Elementis, qualitatibus, formis, causis chemicis, animatis, +metaphysicis, amoris et odii affectibus, ubi, inquam, tot fabulis locus, +causa, necessitas?</p> + +<p>Nulla profecto vel vestigium sui hic figmenti secta invenit.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 144 --><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144"></a>Soli Mechanici suum objectum hic agnoscunt, neque aliud in toto, qua +solidum est, corpore quidquam datur. Ille ergo soli audiendi, horum +effata sola consulenda, eorum principia sola imploranda, horum methodus +sola adhibenda, ubi de effectu organi perspecti quaeritur.</p> + +<p>Sola erit firma, quae a perito in his Magistro profertur, demonstratio.</p> + +<p>Agite o Viri, queis dicta forte displicent, quid facit in oculo vel +simplex illa figura corneae, quid aquae, quid crystallinae lentis, quid +vitrei humoris determinata superficies et definita spissitudo?</p> + +<p>Enarrate quid auris externae Helices, quid meatus auditorii arctior et +inflexa in medio, latior et porrecta ad utrumque extremum via faciat ad +exceptionen, directionemque radii sonori?</p> + +<p>Membranae Tympani tenuitatem, figuram ejus ellipticam versus interiora +ossis petrae convexam, hujus mutabilem in varias curvaturae figuras +formam ope affixi et agitati suo musculo malleoli contemplemini, et +dicatis, quis effectus constantissimae hujus tamque operosae in +vilissimo quoque animalium fabricae?</p> + +<p>Nunc daedalei labyrinthi, conchæ, vestibuli, duplicis in cochlea +turbinata spirae, loci ovalis et rotundæ fenestræ, tot inquam +miraculorum mechanicorum, quae durissimae hic insculpsit petrae Divina +manus, date rationem.</p> + +<p>Sine profunda Mechanices Scientia nil veri vos intellecturos, nil boni +prolaturos aliis, utamini quolibet adminiculo, audacter affirmo.</p> + +<p>De solidis, quae dixi, pauca haec sufficiant; urget ratio ut nonnulla de +fluidis subnectam.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 146 --><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146"></a>Haec enim illa sunt, quorum motu vita, quorum libero per vasa fluxu +sanitas absolvitur.</p> + +<p>Illorum autem naturam exacte capit, qui minuta novit corpuscula et +agitata, quorum congeries fluidum constituit. Eorum unum si spectatur, +rationem habet solidi, adeoque mole, motu, figuraque quidquid agit, +efficit. Quare effectus, quos una fluidi pars producit, soli Mechanico +patent per experimenta indagandi.</p> + +<p>Quod ex ante dictis quum sponte fluat sua, latiori sermone non explano; +unum hoc pronuncians, non eo usque hactenus provectam hanc liquidorum +scientiam, quae usum rei praestet idoneum.</p> + +<p>At si totam fluidi molem simul spectamus, gravitas ejus fluorque +communes deprehunduntur sublunaris liquidi proprietates. Virtus vero +elastica, ponderis, spissitudinis, fluiditatis, nixusque in contactum +gradus varii, momentum impetus quo fertur, et itineris directio palmaria +sunt quae unum ab alio fluidum distinguunt. Horum vero omnium tanta +efficacia est, ut infinita, quae sanis contingunt, non aliunde oriantur.</p> + +<p>Quamobrem quicunque ex praecepto scientiae rite haec enucleat, opus is +absolvit summae ad perfectionem medicam necessitatis.</p> + +<p>Sed fidem vestram! quis proponere, explicare et demonstrare vim eorum +poterit, qui Hygrostatices, quae subtilis Mechanices pars, rudis est?</p> + +<p>Haec illa est Aquilegum scientia, quae ex assumtis, modo quas descripsi, +affectionibus ratiocinia nectens geometrica utilissima et usui apta +reperit Theoremata.</p> + +<p>Haec, neglecta causa physica, et cujusque particulae, quae fluit, +<!-- Page 148 --><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148"></a>singulari natura, ex his, quae sensibus per eventum in tota mole +patent, quam gravia, quam utilia vitae, methodo invenit Mathematica?</p> + +<p>Evolvat Archimedis, Cartesii, Stevini, Borelli, Mariotti, Hugenii, +Neutoni, et Bellini scripta, qui re, non verbis, convinci cupit.</p> + +<p>O quam necessaria feliciori Genio, ut revelentur, reliqua sunt in +Pulcherrima hac Speculatione!</p> + +<p>Hanc utinam excolant! utinam exhauriant! utinam nobis aperiant Viri +Mathematice docti!</p> + +<p>Ab hoc Eorum labore, quo generales liquidi effectus luce illustrarent +mathematica, brevi tempore plus maturi in horto medico fructus +exspectare licet, quam ab omni eo, quod aliunde in hunc congestum +hactenus.</p> + +<p>Taedet quippe pudetque ineptiarum, quibus seriam prae caeteris Artem +ridiculam fecere, qui Mechanices imperiti vim liquidorum humanorum +explicare conati sunt.</p> + +<p>Et palam affirmo, vitalium actiones humorum scire posse neminem, qui +Aquilegum regulas ignorat.</p> + +<p>Quae dum libertate Medica firmus assero, jurgii hic illaturos causam +praesagit animus eos, Qui, nescio qua gratia, ab Hermete nomen sibi, +sectamque condunt.</p> + +<p>Egone ex universali hac liquidorum doctrina deduxerim ea, quae +singulares eorum virtutes absolvunt?</p> + +<p>An fermenti stabiles motus, diversorum liquidorum ferventes <!-- Page 150 --><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150"></a>conflictus, +putredinis spontaneae mirabiles effectus ex Mechanicis explicuerim +unquam?</p> + +<p>Talia objectans, eorum, quae dicta, memor, paucis, quae dicam, animum +adhibeat.</p> + +<p>Mea enimvero sic est ratio, justa, vel secus, vestrum sit judicium.</p> + +<p>Ex experimentis Chemicorum historiam haberi posse valde limitatam +singularium eventorum, quatenus in circumstantia definita sensibile +quidpiam producunt.</p> + +<p>Necessaria ergo quam maxime est Medicinae haec Ars, dum observatorum +Sylvam largitur et observandi praebet optimum compendium.</p> + +<p>Data enim exhibere, horumque definire conditiones valet, regulas autem +ratiocinandi ex his Chemia dabit nunquam.</p> + +<p>Ne tamen vel sic nimis, ut solent, se efferant, qui unius Chemiae cultu +omnem Medicae Sapientiae thesaurum se possidere vani jactant!</p> + +<p>Enimvero plura in nobis, sani vigeamus, vel langueamus aegri, fieri ex +communibus illis liquorum proprietatibus, quas sibi sumserunt +expendendas Geometrae, quam ex insitivis, dubiis, et arte Chemicorum +factis plerumque, pervulgato palam documento est.</p> + +<p>Aqua naturae ariditatem alter corrigit, Falerno alter quotidie venas +inflat; fructubus hic, Cerealibusque parvo assuetus famem explet, et +sustentat Spiritum, ille carnibus, piscibus, terra natis, et omni +condimentorum varietate Apitiana onerat ventrem; alii blando <!-- Page 152 --><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152"></a>et insulso +fere victu aluntur, alii salitis, acidis, et acribus quibusque intestina +stimulant.</p> + +<p>Multiplex adeo assumtorum varietas vitam tamen sanitatemque plures per +annos protrahit in iis, qui tamen diversis humores suos saturant +corpusculis.</p> + +<p>Liquido argumento magis communi fluidorum naturae Mechanicis explicatae, +et in ipso corpore vi viscerum productae, quam singulari cujusque +particulae virtuti, actiones vitae deberi.</p> + +<p>Si aurea Verulamii de vita et morte monumenta, si liberae Hippocratis et +Celsi de victu sanorum leges, si usus non satis id confirmat +quotidianus, omni dignissimum fide Louwerum, sincerum mehercle et +defaecato judicio sagacem Virum vobis citabo.</p> + +<p>Hic enim, immani cruoris jactura exsanguem, jure carnium solo ingesto, +venis recepto, per has fluente, imo colore nec mutato effluente per +vulnera, revixisse Juvenem testatur.</p> + +<p>Sed quid verbis opus in re clara?</p> + +<p>Ad Vos ego provoco, Vestram appello fidem Clarissimi Viri Medici, Quorum +sapientia huic Coronae venustatem conciliat, Quorum salutari dextra +incolumis huic Urbi praestatur sanitas!</p> + +<p>Nonne incumbit nobis, dum aegris Medicina fit, vel millies fluida +<!-- Page 154 --><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154"></a>inspissare, resolvere coacta, stagnantia movere, compescere dissoluta, +diluere crassa, leviora solidare?</p> + +<p>Dum rarissime ad pugnas Salium, flammas Sulphurum, vel tectum Mercurii +genium attendere cogimur.</p> + +<p>Ipsi certe illi, qui mera ubique Chemica crepant, cum morbus manum +poscit, repudiatis suis, sedulo, quae laudavi, inquirunt.</p> + +<p>Si ergo his fluidorum proprietatibus tot debentur, si has omnium +suffragio optime excusserint Mechanici, patet ipsa fluida vitalia ut +cognoscantur Medico, auxiliis egere Mechanices.</p> + +<p>Spectate jam effectus, qui ex fluentibus per vasa liquoribus oriuntur, +evidentior longe fulgebit Veritatis Mechanicae potestas.</p> + +<p>Si enim liquida descripta in vasis depictis quiescunt habebimus cadaver.</p> + +<p>Ubi vero liber his humoribus per canales conciliatur motus corpus vivum +cernimus.</p> + +<p>Sermoni fidem quisquis meo negat, suis ut oculis credat oportet.</p> + +<p>Mollem consideremus hominem, qui salientis de vulnere cruoris spectaculo +perturbatus in animi cecidit deliquium.</p> + +<p>Mortuum videmus; sed qualem? in quo cuncta solida, quae sanitati +sufficiunt, adsunt et liquida, solus abest liquores in gyrum agens +motus.</p> + +<p>Huic quacunque demum ope concutiantur nervi, ut motrix cordis materies +fluat, redit statim, depulsa tristi mortis imagine, laetior vita.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 156 --><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156"></a>Vita non modo; calor, rubor, agilitas, cogitatio, vitalis omnis, +naturalis et humana simul redit actio.</p> + +<p>Quid hic fermenti, quid effervescentis, quid salis pugnacis, quid olei +spiritusve nascitur aut perit?</p> + +<p>Excepto motu, neque additur, neque demitur quidquam, vita tamen amissa +ipsa redditur.</p> + +<p>Sic aves et insecta constricta frigore hyberno, lenis statim in vitam +excitat tepor.</p> + +<p>Sed veritatis qui convictus viribus, ob ipsam argumenti vulgatam +claritatem, certis saepe diffidit.</p> + +<p>Rariori ergo ut spectaculo firmetur, quae nimis noto patuit satis +exemplo fides, in Hokii vos officinam invitat oratio.</p> + +<p>Destructo thorace mortuum animal inflatis per follem Laryngi applicatum +pulmonibus cito reviviscit.</p> + +<p>Attoniti miraculo vitae tam mechanicae ad magnum cito adeamus +Glissonium; en ille impulso ope vesicae in venas liquido mirifice +vitales actiones aemulafur in defuncti dudum hominis cadavere.</p> + +<p>Omnia haec in specimen allata, infinita enim dici possent, an non +evincunt satis, cuncta fere, quae vitam, sanitatemque nostram faciunt, +vel sequuntur, pendere a motu illo, quo humores per vasa mutua plane +moventur et agunt vicissim agitatione?</p> + +<p>Cujus effectus, et leges, quum soli rite intelligant, explicent, et +demonstrent, in Pneumaticis atque Hydraulicis, Mechanici, concludo +<!-- Page 158 --><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158"></a>cuncta ergo rursum disciplinae subjecta haec Mechanicae.</p> + +<p>Hic vero ille est locus, ubi mire se jactant, ubi serio triumphant +fermentorum Patroni.</p> + +<p>Si fluor liquorum liber per vasa vitae causa, ergo ajunt prima motus +ratio in fluido et ab eo; itaque ab interna huic agitatione, eaque forti +valde et constanti satis, qualis non nisi in excitatis fermento liquidis +reperiunda datur.</p> + +<p>Sciant autem Hi, primam moti in Embryo liquidi a parentibus semper +derivandam causam, eam fotu matris continuari dum ab ea pendet foetus, +dein vero ab ipsa fabrica perennare solidorum.</p> + +<p>Admirabilem auricularum Cordis ad ejus Thalamos structuram, nexumque qui +speculatus est, et qui hinc necessario sequuntur, alternos influentis et +expulsi liquoris motus a corde in arterias, ab his in cerebri medullam, +processus, nervos, musculosque et venas rursum, non quaeret vitae +continuatae rationem extra ipsam virtutem viscerum Mechanicam.</p> + +<p>Facile enim illi erit, perspicuitate certe Mathematica demonstrare, +unicum pulsum cordis datum in corpore sano sibi continuando esse causam.</p> + +<p>Longe minora numero, longe simpliciora sunt, quae vitae incolumitatem +praestant, quam noster fingit animus.</p> + +<p>Leviores longe sunt rerum ingestarum in nobis mutationes, quam vulgo +creditur.</p> + +<p>Minus compositae, quam ipsi putamus, vitae humanae causae.</p> + +<p>Si exacta structurae esset cognitio, si sensibilis probe nota esset +humorum natura, doceret cito Mechanice ex simplicissimis fluere +<!-- Page 160 --><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160"></a>principiis, quae ignota maximam nunc pariunt admirationem.</p> + +<p>Dicti veritatem tam paradoxi uno ab exemplo discere licebit, ut constet +quam simplici negotio et Mechanico plane maximae quae habetur omnium +operae mutatio in nobis fiat.</p> + +<p>Pars pellucida animalis vivi microscopio aucta claro docet spectaculo, +cruorem solo cordis pulsu in extremas trudi arterias, ibi elastica +arteriae contractione retropelli aliquantulum quo momento ictus cordis +cessans, ejusque valvulae concidentes, regressui spatium laxant.</p> + +<p>Reciproco hoc impulsu et repercussu varias mole partes cruoris applicari +ubique ad diversa capacitatis hiatu oscula, intra haec recipi, vel inde +repelli, tam clare, quam coelum hoc contueri est.</p> + +<p>Tum solo hoc artificio secedere sanguinem in diversa colore et tenuitate +fluida, mox in venis iterum permiscenda eadem claritate cernitur.</p> + +<p>Id vero Chemicorum conflictuum perito evidens ipsi oculi aciei apparet, +simplici impulsu aliunde dato, et vasis elatere, sine ullo fermenti +signo omnia haec fieri.</p> + +<p>Defixus saepenumero in speculatione hac anceps mihi haesit animus, an +Spirantis cerneret animalis partem, an vero incilia meditatione summi +Mathematici excogitata, manu peritissimi Mechanici affabrefacta, per +quae liquores duceret, secerneret, misceretque absolutae artis +consummatione perfectus Aquilex.</p> + +<p>Tandem vero si periculum capere juvat, an ex simplicibus et <!-- Page 162 --><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162"></a>indubitatis +sensuum experimentis demonstrari queant per Mechanicos illa, de quorum +intellectu ante paucos annos nulla spes, Geometrico parta labore in usum +exempli citare decet.</p> + +<p>Perpendamus, quae docet, dum Mechanicen Medicis applicat Rebus, +Borellus.</p> + +<p>Evolvantur, quae ex hujus Schola sapiens, eisdem usus principiis, et +Malpigianis inventis fretus Oedipi instar extricat Bellinus.</p> + +<p>Tum quae illorum laudato excitatus labore, Orbi erudito Problemata +proposuit, demonstravitque, nobile quondam hujus Lycaei ornamentum +Pitcarnius.</p> + +<p>Scheineri, Cartesii, Hugenii de oculo, Kircheri, Schelhammeri, et +Morlandi de aure et auditu, scrutemur demonstrata.</p> + +<p>Constabit an prosit Medico Mechanice!</p> + +<p>Apparebit quid sperandum sit, si ejus a peritis Medicis invehitur in +Medicinam usus, si in exercitatione hac pergitur tamdiu, quamdiu +patientia humana tam inepta sectarum molimina in disciplina Medica +tulit.</p> + +<p>Haec autem vera esse, et usum habere in Medicis Mechanicen, quamdiu de +Theoria agitur, consensus erit forte facilis, tamen ne hilum bonae +frugis ipsi Artis exercitio afferre, pervolgata objicitur querela.</p> + +<p>Quae quidem speciosa hac distinctione prolata, qui consistere queant +simul, satis non video.</p> + +<p>Neque enim aliam hos intelligere Theoriam credo, nisi eam, <!-- Page 164 --><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164"></a>quae ex +proximis causis clare docet, quae sani hominis vita sit.</p> + +<p>Quod si, ut oportet, admittitur, sequetur Scientiam hanc noscendis, +curandisque morbis auxilia suppeditare optima.</p> + +<p>Causas enim qui recte novit perfectae sanitatis, ille, quoties hae +deficiunt, egregie ipsius defectus, id est morbi, originem rationemque +comprehendet.</p> + +<p>Qui autem causam aegritudinis proximam clarissime vidit, maxime is +idoneus, qui ei occurrat, est habendus.</p> + +<p>Eodem sc. modo se res habet ac in horologio, cujus si deviat index, +errores imperitus notare, at corrigere ex arte nemo potest, nisi ille, +qui requisitae structurae gnarus, vitia partium hinc et remedia invenit.</p> + +<p>Ita nulla lucis scintilla in Theoria Medica micat, ad quam in faciunda +Medicina facem accendere non possit re peritus Artifex.</p> + +<p>Adeoque qui Mechanices in Speculatione, ille ejus in usu praestantiam +fatetur.</p> + +<p>Docet hoc antiquitate nobilissima et usu ea artis pars, quae ab eo quod +manu medetur nomen gerit, quae sc. an inventis Mechanicis carere queat +vestra sit aestimatio.</p> + +<p>Instrumenta, quibus vitia emendat, quis felicior, quam Mechanicis +imbutus Medicus inveniet?</p> + +<p>Tenues, quae volitare putantur ante oculum, imagines, dum Matheseos +imperiti ut oriturae in aqueo humore suffusionis primordia tractant, +acerbis saepe erodunt tenellum et prava arte oculum.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 166 --><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166"></a>Harum vero sedem reticulo, causam arteriis Geometrae consilio dum +reddit Willisius, dum demonstrat Pitcarnius, quam mutata est medelae +facies?</p> + +<p>Abacto externorum mordaci apparatu, misso sanguine, et solventi +medicamine tuto tollitur, vel et negligitur malum.</p> + +<p>Oculi error a radiis male collectis quam inepte tentatur collyriis vel +potus medicati haustu!</p> + +<p>Quam feliciter levatur perspicillis, quae cuique vitio singulari propria +regulae definiunt Hugenianae!</p> + +<p>Opto ut, qui omnem Mechanices usum ex praxi proscribunt Medica, +intelligant prius vel unius Hugenii de emendandis visus vitiis +Commentarios.</p> + +<p>Illustre enim illud Batavorum lumen, assumpta ex anatomicis oculi +fabrica, et una morbi, cui succurrere vult, proprietate, mox ex meris +Mathematicis reperit auxilium, quod usum praestat huic tantum malo, +cujus proprietas assumta problema limitaverat.</p> + +<p>Intacto oculo, morbi effectum tollit; et inemendabilem in eo defectum +vitri figurati supplemento farcit.</p> + +<p>En pulchra, in quibus, ut in speculo, spectatur Geometrarum in medicis +Mechanice ratiocinandi methodus, usus et successus.</p> + +<p>Hac via si pertractabunt omnia, ut revera sensim poterunt, habebitur +tandem certior, neque obnoxia figmentis, neque omni mutabilis hora, sed +aeterna scientia medica.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 168 --><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168"></a>Non est porro quod dicat quis, nondum confirmari vitia fluidorum +adeoque internae aegritudinis causam, hujusque mitigationem auxiliis +subjici Mechanicis.</p> + +<p>Vel enim an impossibilis fructus hic, vel an necdum acquisitus +quaeritur.</p> + +<p>Si posterius, iniquos habemus et molestos Censores.</p> + +<p>Quis aequo ferat animo peti, ut pauci Mechanici, qui Medicis a pauco +tempore vacarunt rebus, ea jam perfecerint, quae tribus annorum millibus +junctis viribus alii omnes vix potuerunt inchoare?</p> + +<p>Imo id omnino impossibile: quum enim Mechanices Medicis applicandae lex +exigat, ut structura solidorum, natura liquidorum, effectus horum +sensibiles in sanitate et morbis inserviant pro datis, quis tam +absurdus, qui operosissimae Artis fastigium in ejus rudimentis quaerat.</p> + +<p>Si autem judicat quis nunquam vel quidquam hac via perfectum iri, is, +rogo, perpendat, morbi a fluido orti causam pendere <i>ut plurimum</i> a +vitiato ejus per vasa transfluxu.</p> + +<p>Hoc Hippocratica, si componuntur Sanctorianis et quotidiani usus +experimentis, docent.</p> + +<p>Fluxus vero impedimentum internum vel languori virtutis impellentis, vel +contractioni vasculorum convulsivae, vel liquidis copia, motu, +spissitate, aut tenuitate peccantibus adscribet <i>plerunque</i>, qui vitae, +sanitatis, morbi, mortis et cadaverum phaenomena comparavit sedulus.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 170 --><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170"></a>Quin adjumenta, quibus morborum miseriam lenimus aegris, ea prodesse +gratia <i>inprimis</i>, qua dicta malorum capita auferunt, attenta nos docet +contemplatio.</p> + +<p>Aurea comparentur Sydenhami observata demonstratis de missione +sanguinis, stimulis et Villo contractili Bellinianis, et, postquam +Mechanica plane ope juvare vulgata remedia constat, spes concipietur +sensim demonstrandi regulas subire posse et vires eorum et applicandi +rationem.</p> + +<p>Vix enim me contineo, quin, praematurius forte, pronunciem simpliciores +esse, et magis Mechanicas morborum maxime compositorum causas, quam +ullus Medicorum cogitat.</p> + +<p>Unius enim partis minima et simplicissima labes unionis necessitate et +contagio totam saluberrimae Machinae vim subito pervertit.</p> + +<p>Tenuissima acu, eaque ex purissimo Chalybe pungatur tendinis vel nervuli +fibrilla in corpore sanissimo.</p> + +<p>Heu quam dira ex vili vulnusculo tantillae particulae malorum, heu quam +multiplex cohors!</p> + +<p>Dolor, rubor, tumor, ardor, pulsatio, febris, sitis, delirium, convulsio +et horrenda tristis tragoediae catastrophe mors.</p> + +<p>Spina, levisve festuca membranoso infixa loco eadem brevi parit.</p> + +<p>Et miramur venenorum spicula, pestis lanceolas, vel salium acumina +similia peragere?</p> + +<p>Quin solo motu externo quam mirae rerum mutationes in corpore sano!</p> + +<p><!-- Page 172 --><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172"></a>In gyrum agatur, vel jactetur maris fluctibus scaphae insidens +insuetus: Quid fit? vertigo, pallor, nausea, vomitus, anxietas, mille +morborum aerumnae, mille fluidi vitalis et incredibiles mutationes a +solo motu oriundae.</p> + +<p>Qui ergo humores integros manere novit, quamdiu vi canalium conquassati +propelluntur, qui stagnantes hos in calido, humidoque loco morbosos +reddi statim et trahere sincera scit, qui ex uno simplicique malo +infinita alia statim sequi animadvertit, facillime perspiciet +exspectanda ad haec a mechanico medico promtissima tandem auxilia: ex +causis enim impediti fluoris, regulis superandae resistentiae, +restituendi motus elastici, augendae virtutis cordis collatis cum morbi +phaenomenis quid non invenietur tandem?</p> + +<p>At enim vitam, morbos, sanitatem in nobis ex principiis fluere non +Mechanicis mentis docet in corpora potestas. Frustraneus ergo tot +irritorum conaminum labor! Vana supervacaneae Mechanicae speculationis +spes.</p> + +<p>Talia aggerens utinam rideret securus, neque communem ignorantiae +calamitatem eadem deploraret querela!</p> + +<p>Quis enim miri hujus commercii vim invenire potuit in aliquo, quod +corpus constituit vel mentem?</p> + +<p>Sciat tamen, virtutem cogitationis, simulac in corpus influit, totum +quod in eo producit, facere corporeum, adeoque legi Mechanicae obediens.</p> + +<p>Quid refert causam mutationis primam non esse Mechanicam, <!-- Page 174 --><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174"></a>quum hac +insuper habita, effectum, qui corporeus, cognoscere, excutere, atque +dirigere Mechanico detur Medico; quum hoc scopo sufficiat?</p> + +<p>Crescit nimium, pauca dum tangit leviter, Oratio.</p> + +<p>Unum, quod palmarium jactant, quibus alia quam nobis mens est, ne +declinando subdole evitasse me suspicentur, diluendum judico.</p> + +<p>Philosophos clamant et Mechanicos, ubi Medicae arti exercendae admoti +fuere unquam, sinistro semper eventu repulsos fuisse. Disputatione non +esse opus, quum artem horum Medicis nocere, re constet et experimento.</p> + +<p>Quae verissima esse, si hos arguunt, quos in scholis superbus philosophi +titulus effert, docet historia, docent, quae de rebus conscripsere +medicis, volumina.</p> + +<p>Dum enim omnium prima rerum principia ex propriis creare cogitatis +satagunt, dein vero ex iis, quae ipsi figmenti subtilitate prius in +illis posuerant, peculiarem corporis cujusque naturam declarare, errasse +ubique docet ipsa, quam commendo, Mechanices ratio.</p> + +<p>Applicari rebus nequit, quam ratiocinio fecerant, conclusio, nisi prius +illa, quae pro fonte argumenti liquido assumserant, rerum singularium, +quae natae sunt, principiis esse eadem foret evictum.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 176 --><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176"></a>Haec vero, quum infinita, eaque semper diversa esse queant, patet casu +veritatem nunquam sic detectum iri.</p> + +<p>Quod si considerassent sedulo, tam Scholastici dicti, quam plurimi +Mechanicorum Cartesii sequaces non fuissent arbitrati id sibi datum +negotii, ut ex fictorum principiorum praeceptis corpus humanum regerent, +sed ut ex his, quae observatio prius docuerat hominem constituere, ipsa +dein artis elementa applicata Mechanica conderent.</p> + +<p>At si Mechanico, quem jam descripsi, Medico hanc dicunt contumeliam, +exempla ignominiae citent exspecto.</p> + +<p>Non equidem, qui nostri capit animi sensum, negabit ullus, +accuratissimum Mathematicum pessimum forte futurum Medicum.</p> + +<p>Quo enim talis pertinet Oratio?</p> + +<p>Non in Mechanico Medicinae, in Medico vero Mechanices peritiam desidero.</p> + +<p>Usu peritum Medicum experimentis medicis defecto Mechanico in morbis +curandis qui post habet, insaniet.</p> + +<p>Sed aequa instructorum experientia hunc promovendae arti meliorem, qui +Mechanicis callet prae alio praeceptis, id affirmo, id demonstrandum +sumserat Oratio.</p> + +<p>Ne vero, quod ubique contigisse doleo, sinistram, quae dixi, +interpretationem subeant, age describam compendio speciem illius, cujus +imago animo obversatur meo, Medici.</p> + +<p>Depingitur ille, ducendis studii Medici primis lineamentis incumbens, +tanquam affixus Geometricae contemplationi figurarum, Corporum, +<!-- Page 178 --><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178"></a>Ponderum, Velocitatis, Fabricae Machinarum, et, quae inde oriuntur in +alia corpora, Virium.</p> + +<p>His dum mentem exercet, claro discit praecepto et exemplo, liquida ab +obscuris, a falsis vera secernere, et ipsa judicandi tarditate animo +conciliare prudentiam.</p> + +<p>Ita postquam nudas simplicium corporum actiones expendere, has ex veris, +clarisque causis deducere novit, maturum habet ingenium, qui +fluididatis, Elateris, tenuitatis, ponderis, tenacitatisque in +fluentibus proprietates ab Hydrostaticis cognoscat.</p> + +<p>Jam animi vigore robustior fluidorum vires in machinas, harumque in illa +rigore addiscat Mathematico, Experimentis confirmet Hydraulicis, et +Mechanicis, Chemicis illustret, Ignis, Aquae, Aëris, Salium, et aliorum +maxime similium corporum ingenium speculatus et actiones.</p> + +<p>Altera mox tabulae facies sacris jam Medicis admotum exhibet.</p> + +<p>Oculum ibi Geometriae luce acutum ad incisa cadavera, ad spirantium +corpora brutorum aperta tacitus circumfert.</p> + +<p>Jam vasorum structuram, figuras, firmitatem, ortum, fines, nexus, +curvaturas, flexilitatem contemplatur et elaterem.</p> + +<p>Excitatus spectaculi mirabilitate, mox conspecta ad eum, quo jam pollet +cognito, Mechanismum applicans, abditas detegit harum partium virtutes.</p> + +<p>Quam variis, pulchris, utilibusque utentem cernimus auxiliis, quibus +recentiorum industria pomoeria extendit anatomes.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 180 --><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180"></a>Aliorum certe durissimo parta labore inventa in suos usus dum +accommodat, claram sibi sistit humanae fabricae imaginem.</p> + +<p>Cui fluidorum vitalium nectit notitiam; hanc Anatomicis, Chemicis, +Hydrostaticis, ipsiusque microscopii adjumentis in vivo corpore, et +extra illud examinat; tum mox accuratissimam omnium sensibilium, quae in +sanitate contingunt, historiam omni arte, undique comparatam evolvit.</p> + +<p>En suis instructum datis, ut sanitatis Theoriam scribat!</p> + +<p>Ex his singulatim perspectis, expensis, comparatisque inter se, auxilio +Mechanices, severitate ordine et prudentia Geometrica, lento gradu +festinans elicit, quae in his comprehensa sensibus abduntur, rationi +patent.</p> + +<p>Sic proximae cujusque effectus causae indagantur, harum natura ex indole +collectorum, cognitorum et comparatorum phaenomenon indagata perficitur, +firmatur, et sensim ex horum aggregato consummatur tandem.</p> + +<p>Quid speratis futurum, qui ad hanc normam sua exigit studia?</p> + +<p>Nonne immutabilis et coaeva erit haec scientia ipsi naturae humanae, ex +cujus sc. elicitur indole, in qua fundatur tantum?</p> + +<p>Nonne certa erit, quae innixa iis, quae omnes pari agnoscunt evidentia, +castigatissima caute procedit fide?</p> + +<p><!-- Page 182 --><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182"></a>Nonne definita satis et ipsis erit rebus utilis, quae certis, claris, +et sensibilibus corporis humani proprietatibus solum debet causae +proximae, quaeque nostro subjicitur imperio, inquisitionem +accuratissimam, idque via, qua erratum nunquam?</p> + +<p>Lento crescet, fateor, et occulto adolescet augmento, quilibet tamen vel +minimus progressus gradus ad altiora firmus erit, et novi incrementi +immutabilis causa.</p> + +<p>Hoc autem labore defunctum, adspirantemque ad metam jam videte in ultima +picturae parte adumbratum.</p> + +<p>In ipsa nunc adyta se penetrat, in ipsa Æsculapii penetralia!</p> + +<p>En Tabulas Hippocraticas, fidaque Grajorum, quae scrutatur, scripta!</p> + +<p>Jam ex abundanti Medicorum Thesauro colligit quidquid sparsum haeret +mellis medicati.</p> + +<p>Hic incisa, quorum notaverat morbos, ruspatur cadavera; illic in brutis +arte factas aegritudines observat; nunc omnia morborum effecta et +remediorum ipse experimento colligens; nunc eadem ex optimis Auctoribus +addiscens; tandem cuncta digerens, expendensque inter se componit, et +his, quae Theoria demonstravit, comparat, unde historiam denique +curationemque morborum firmet.</p> + +<p>En Vobis ultima manu absolutam consummati Medici imaginem!</p> + +<p>Hanc Mechanicis egere auxiliis ut perficiatur, satis, ni fallit me +animus, evictum.</p> + +<p>Huic consimilem me reddere, ad hanc me componere studui, ut medicinam +feci.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 184 --><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184"></a>Ad hanc polire eorum, qui meae se committunt disciplinae, ingenium +summa ope enixus sum, dum in Vestro hoc salutis fano ex Auctoritate +vestra Musagetae Illust. medicinam docui.</p> + +<p>Eam, dum Dei munere spiro, ambitiose colere non desinam.</p> + +<p>Non credulitate stulta, non stupore ignari vulgi, non verbosis strophis, +sed clara demonstrationis fide Artem, cui nostra credimus capita, +commendare affectabo.</p> + +<p>Vos Optimi Juvenes, qui illi Scientiae consecrastis pectora, a qua +incolumitatem sperat salutis Humanum Genus, Vos Picturam. Medici +contemplati primis miremini ab annis.</p> + +<p>Ita Vos agite rem vestram, ut lineamentis, coloribusque hujus imaginis +formosi, salutares hominibus audiatis genii!</p> + +<p>Nulla est, quae pulchriora laborum praemia Cultoribus persolvit, quam +Medica Sapientia.</p> + +<p>Non alia est, quae Mortalibus gratiores, magisve utiles vel necessarios +reddere vos possit.</p> + +<p>Excitemini o generosae mentes! Excitemini pulchritudine Artis, cujus +effectu beatus his in terris nemo carere poterit!</p> + +<p>Nunquam rei difficultas calidum vestri animi retundat impetum!</p> + +<p>Ardua est, fateor, quae ad Panaceae ducit delubra, via.</p> + +<p>Sed complanavit hanc improbus aliorum labor, superarunt praerupta, +perrupere fortes, Vos alacres sequamini!</p> + +<p>Hos habetis in hac Academia ad Medicinam Duces, qui ditiores <!-- Page 186 --><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186"></a>longe +Vobis explicent thesauros, quam Epidauriae olim columnae, Pergamenae +tabulae, Cnidii parietes, vel folia largiebantur Coaca.</p> + +<p>Habetis, qui secreta quaeque Matheseos arcana incredibili perspicui +sermonis facilitate revelet, rebusque applicare Medicis praemonstret, +Volderum.</p> + +<p>Optimorum sane sententia natum ad haec sacra, Nostroque encomio longe +majorem Virum!</p> + +<p>Cujus disciplinae liberali infinitum me debere grata memoria et publice +hic agnosco, et dum huic constabit menti sanitas ingenue semper Ego et +candide meminero.</p> + +<p>Horum ergo dum lego vestigia, si quid vobis adjumenti praestare posse +censeor, praesto sum qui ita me geram, ut ex vestro meum me comparare +commodum opere ipso testari possim.</p> + +<p>Vobiscum Veterum placita, Recentiorum et propria, si quae sunt, +observata undique indefesso labore colligere, ex his laudatae Mechanices +arte doctrinam Medicam condere non desinam, quamdiu in hac versanti +slatione, vires dederit Deus!</p> + +<p>Agite ergo Commilitones Studiosi totus quod commendavit sermo, felici +hujus anni Academici auspicio inchoare et perficere certatim tentemus +opus!</p> + +<p>Vestra frequentia incitatus docentis vigor id aget, ut, qui naturae +<!-- Page 188 --><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188"></a>facultate et eruditionis plurimis postponendum me sentio, sedulitate +certe cedam nulli.</p> + +<p>Laboris autem summum habebo pretium, si vestro applausu, Vobis meam +profuisse diligentiam, orbi constet, si vestri in hoc Athenaeo studii +felicitas claritate famae plures alliciat.</p> + +<p>Hoc enim votum illud est, <i>Illustrissimi Curatores, Amplissimi Coss.</i>, +cujus successu alacer, rerum Vestro auspicio, Vestra in Academia +gestarum rationem Vobis reddere audebo.</p> + +<p>Unum hoc dignum habebo, quo Genium Vestrum adorem, donarium.</p> + +<p>Omni sic adulationis fuco deterso, sincero certe animi candore referre +me putabo, quas Vestrae benignitati animus debet, gratias!</p> + +<p>Docendi enim admotum muneri, duoque jam meritum stipendia, exploratum +adeo, honorificis promissis et nova liberalitate nec opinantem +excitastis denuo.</p> + +<p>Ego, ex multis, quas in Vobis veneror, virtutibus, unam prae caeteris +eximiam habendam esse a Sapientibus accepi, sinceram nempe Vestri +favoris integritatem.</p> + +<p>Summam dico, et Reip. literariae solam salutarem Virtutem, qua praemia +meritis, non gratiae servire jubetis, neque ambitioni.</p> + +<p>Quare benefacti pretium Vestra ex gravitate ponderans, vix mihi tempero, +quin tanti testimonii gloria animosus, quo coepi pede, pergam alacrior!</p> + +<p><!-- Page 190 --><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190"></a>Verbosae ergo pompae loco, qua gratiarum actio suspecta redditur et +Sapientibus odiosa, pauca ego haec religiosus spondeo!</p> + +<p>Vestram Dignitatem summo venerationis cultu et obsequii semper colam +sedulus!</p> + +<p>Diligens sic mea se acuet industria, ut Vestrum favorem plurimi me +facere et legitimis ultra ambire artibus, demonstrem.</p> + +<p>Id studebo, ut bene agendo benefici, quod de me tulistis, judicii +aequitatem Orbi ipse comprobem!</p> + +<h4>DIXI.</h4> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of De Usu Ratiocinii Mechanici in Medicina +by Hermanni Boerhaave + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DE USU RATIOCINII MECHANICI *** + +***** This file should be named 15680-h.htm or 15680-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/6/8/15680/ + +Produced by Frank van Drogen and the Online Distributed Proofreading +Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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