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diff --git a/15619-8.txt b/15619-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d33ee31 --- /dev/null +++ b/15619-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1774 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On +In It, Vol. 1, No. 30, June 3, 1897, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 30, June 3, 1897 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Release Date: April 14, 2005 [EBook #15619] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + + + + + +_FIVE CENTS._ + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT + + Vol. 1 JUNE 3, 1897 No. 30. +[Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second class matter] + +[Illustration: A +WEEKLY +NEWSPAPER +FOR +BOYS AND +GIRLS] + +Subscription +$2.50 per year +$1.25 6 months + + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. PUBLISHER + NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + +=Copyright, 1897, by WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON.= + + * * * * * + +Which Is Your Favorite + +_BICYCLE_ + +You have your choice of any wheel in the market if you send us one hundred +regular subscriptions to the + +"Great Round World" + +Show the paper to your friends, and you will soon find one hundred people +who will be glad to subscribe. Send the subscriptions in to us as fast as +received, and when the one hundredth, reaches us you can go to ANY dealer +YOU choose, buy ANY wheel YOU choose, and we will pay the bill. + +Six-months' subscriptions will be counted as one-half, three-months' as +one-quarter, + +_SAMPLE COPIES WILL BE FURNISHED AT HALF PRICE. (SEE OTHER OFFERS)_ + +Great Round World +3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City + + + * * * * * + + A Good Agent + Wanted + In Every Town + for + "The Great Round World" + + * * * * * + +=LIBRARIANS= + +will please note that the subscription price of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD--to +libraries--is $1.75 per year. + + * * * * * + +=S.T.A. Vertical Writing Pens= + +[Illustration] + +=PRICES:= + +=Per Gross, $1.00; Per Dozen= (samples), =10 Cents= + +Vertical writing demands a commercial pen. The "S.T.A." pens are strictly +a commercial pen, made after the famous models designed by John Jackson, +originator of the + + ------_System of Upright Writing._------ + +The desirability of teaching children, boys especially, to write with such +a pen as they will use in after life will be recognized by every good +teacher. + +_Introduced into the Schools of Denver, Colo., and elsewhere._ + + + * * * * * + +=THE · FIRST · BOUND · VOLUME= + +OF + +="The Great Round World"= + +(Containing Nos. 1 to 15) + +IS NOW READY. + + Handsomely bound in strong cloth, with title on side and back. + Price, postage paid, $1.25. Subscribers may exchange their + numbers by sending them to us (express paid) with 35 cents to + cover cost of binding, and 10 cents for return carriage. Address + +=_3 and 5 West 18th Street,- - - -New York City._= + + * * * * * + +[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND +WORLD +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.] + + VOL. 1 JUNE 15, 1897. NO. 30 + + +A great deal of interest is being taken in the affairs of Cuba at this +time. + +So many reports reached President McKinley of the sufferings of many of +our citizens who are living in Cuba, that he felt it his duty to look +into the matter, and he has sent a message to Congress on the subject. + +The cause of the new trouble is this. + +Some months ago General Weyler, thinking that the country people +supplied the insurgents with food and gave them shelter, issued an order +that all the inhabitants of Cuba who lived in the country districts +should leave their homes, and within eight days present themselves at +the nearest town, there to remain until the war was over. + +In obedience to this order the country people were forced into the +towns, the soldiers destroyed the dwellings from which they had been +driven, and lands that had once been green and fertile were turned into +barren wastes, without house, home, or shelter upon them. + +In the history of modern warfare no such cruel scheme has ever before +been devised. + +The unfortunate country people, thus torn from their homes, were +allotted lands, within the fortified line of the towns, to encamp on. +They were given neither food nor shelter, but were driven into the towns +and left to shift for themselves. + +Most of these people were farmers, living in comfortable circumstances. +By the order of General Weyler they were reduced to beggary. + +Not only has Weyler made no attempt to feed these unhappy people, but he +has forbidden them to go in search of food for themselves. Even when +they assured the Spanish soldiers that they had crops ripening in their +fields which would be more than sufficient to relieve their sufferings, +they were forbidden to go out and gather them, and were forced to stay +in idleness and starve. + +The distress is something fearful. The people in the cities endeavor to +help their suffering neighbors, but gradually their own supply of +provisions has run out, until starvation stares them also in the face. +There is hardly a town in the western end of Cuba to-day where the +people are not dying in hundreds from hunger. + +Among the people who have been driven into the towns are between six +hundred and eight hundred Americans. The distress of these persons, whom +his oath of office binds him to protect, having been brought to the +knowledge of the President, he has determined to take some action to +relieve it. + +In his message to Congress he asked that $50,000 be appropriated as a +Relief Fund for the Americans in Cuba. + +This may be but the first step toward a much more important action; but +our President seems to be a very cautious man, and one who likes to be +very sure of his ground before he takes a step. + +For the present he is determined not to quarrel with Spain, and has +arranged matters so that the attempt of the United States to aid her +citizens shall be made with the full approval of Spain. + +He has asked Seņor Dupuy de Lôme, the Spanish Minister, if his +Government would have any objection to our sending supplies to our +fellow-countrymen. + +The Spanish Minister has very graciously replied that Spain will not +oppose the plan, but will do all in her power to help the United States +to carry it out. + +The Minister was kind enough to add that Spain will distribute the +supplies for us, if we wish it. He stated that he fears that, unless the +American supplies are handled by the Spanish authorities, they may fall +into the hands of the insurgents, and hinder General Weyler in the +carrying out of his plan to force the rebels into submission. + +This offer will not be accepted. + +If the appropriation is made, Congress will order the supplies to be +distributed by the American Consuls, who are well able to tell the +difference between armed insurgents and starving women and children. + +When the President's message reached the Senate, a resolution was at +once passed that the sum asked for be appropriated. + +In the House of Representatives the request was not so quickly granted. + +Some of the Congressmen met the demand with a plea that the resolution +for the appropriation be added to the Morgan Bill for recognizing the +belligerency of Cuba, and that the two matters be discussed and voted +on at the same time. + +This did not please the majority of the members, and the House adjourned +without a vote being taken about the Relief Fund. + +This does not mean that the House is unwilling to help the Americans in +Cuba, but that the friends of Cuba see in it a chance to push the Morgan +Bill forward, and are trying to make the best they can of the +opportunity. + +Whatever the fate of the Morgan Bill, there will be a day or two of +delay in passing the resolution for the Relief Fund, but it will be +passed without doubt. + +Some progress has, however, been made with the Morgan Bill. + +Three members of the Committee on Foreign Relations waited on the +President, and asked him if he had received any fresh news about the +state of affairs in Cuba. + +The President sent them to the State Department, with permission to read +all the official documents about Cuba that were on file. + +It is stated on good authority that these papers showed such a state of +intense suffering and distress, that when the Senators reported to their +Committee the things they had seen and read in the State papers, several +of the members declared that they would no longer oppose the Morgan +Bill. + +The Bill was discussed in the Senate after the appropriation had been +granted, but no decision was arrived at. + +Should it pass, the first benefit the Cubans will gain from it will be +that Spain will have to treat the people she captures as prisoners of +war, or else be prepared to quarrel with the United States over the +matter. + +At the present time she is able to declare that every prisoner she makes +is a rebel, and to shoot her captives down like dogs, without trial. The +soldiers are in the habit of seizing boys and old men, most of them +innocent of any crime whatever, and marching them to prison as rebels. + +In most of the military towns, it is stated that at dawn every morning +one or more of these captives are led out and shot in the public square +as an example to the rest of the people. + +To venture outside the lines in search of food is a crime for which many +Cubans have forfeited their lives. + +The President is not unaware of these horrors, but he is determined to +be sure that he knows the truth of the matter before he takes any +decisive action. + +He has sent Mr. Calhoun to Cuba to investigate the cause of the death of +Dr. Ricardo Ruiz, who died or was killed in the prison of Guanabacoa, as +we told you in THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, NO. 19. + +While he is in the island on this business, Mr. Calhoun is also to make +notes of the general condition of things, and the President will be +guided in his future Cuban policy by the report Mr. Calhoun makes. + +There is a very grave reason why it is necessary for the President to +take some action on Cuba at this moment. Diseases of the most serious +kind have broken out in Cuba, and it is feared that they may be carried +into our own country, unless some steps are taken to prevent them. + +As we have said, no attempt has been made to protect, feed, or house the +people who have been brought into the towns; and the overcrowding and +hunger and misery have produced every form of fever and sickness, from +which these poor unfortunates are dying in great numbers. + +The best way to prevent the spreading of these diseases is to stop the +causes that give rise to them. It may therefore be necessary, for the +protection of this country, that the President take some steps to put an +end to the struggle in Cuba. + + * * * * * + +There is as yet no settlement of the trouble between Greece and Turkey. + +When the Greeks decided to put their affairs in the hands of Europe, the +Powers sent to Turkey, asking her on what terms she would make peace, +and if she would grant an armistice while the matter was being +discussed. + +An armistice means that both sides agree to cease fighting for a certain +time which has been agreed upon between them. + +After the delay of a week, during which the Turks kept pressing forward +into Greece and gaining all the advantages they could, the Sultan sent +his reply. + +He simply stated his terms, and added that he would grant no armistice +until they were accepted. + +Instead of demanding $15,000,000 and certain points in Thessaly, as it +was supposed he would do, he said that he must have $50,000,000 for his +war expenses, and the whole of Thessaly. + +The dismay in Europe over the reply of the Sultan would have been comic, +if the poor Greeks had not been suffering so severely from the muddle +the Powers had made of the whole business. + +The Powers supposed that Turkey would he willing to listen to them, and +stop the war just as soon as they asked her to. + +Acting on this belief, they made Greece give up certain advantages which +she had regained in Epirus, and made her withdraw her troops, promising +that Turkey should not advance any farther, if Greece would obey their +wishes. + +Greece obeyed, only to find that the Powers had made promises which they +could not perform. + +Turkey has become intoxicated with her success, and may no longer allow +the Powers to influence her. + +The Turks have taken Dhomokos, the last stronghold of the Greeks, who +fell back on this city after the retreat from Pharsala. It is feared +that the Moslems will advance to the very gates of Athens, unless +something is done to prevent them. What this something shall be, the +Powers are at a loss to state. + +Backed by the approval of Germany, the modern Turks are no longer the +despised nation they have been for so long. It has been the custom to +speak of the Sultan as the "Unspeakable Turk" and "The Sick Man of +Europe," whom the Powers were keeping alive until they had quite decided +how to divide his possessions. + +Turkey's success in Greece has changed all this. + +Every one knew that the Turks could fight well, but it was the custom to +treat them contemptuously, and say that after all they were "only +Turks." The short war with Greece has put an end to this feeling for +good and all. The Turks have proved themselves a powerful nation. They +have won back their own self-respect, and have forced Europe to take a +more respectful attitude toward them. + +They have surprised the world with their bravery and their fine +generalship; and there is beginning to be a good deal of fear lest this +despised nation shall rise in its newly-found might, and dictate to +Europe. + +The Turks, despite their victory, are still the same shifty, cruel, +unpleasant people; and the Powers must feel a good deal ashamed that the +only result of their diplomacy has been to put fresh power into the +hands of people who are a blot on the face of Europe, and who would much +better have been driven back into Asia among peoples who are more in +sympathy with their savagery and semi-barbarism. + +But the Powers have now to deal gently with the Turk. + +They have sent another message to the Sultan, demanding that hostilities +cease while the terms of peace are being discussed. No reply was made to +the Sultan's note, but the message stated that Europe would not allow +Greece to be crushed. + +It is said that if the Sultan persists in asking the unreasonable terms +he does, and will not grant the armistice unless they are accepted, +Europe will declare war upon him. + +There may be another week of waiting before the Sultan sends any reply +to this letter. + +The Sultan is anxious to gain time, because every advantage he can gain +in Greece makes his price for peace just that much higher. He has a plan +of his own for gaining time, which is extremely annoying to Europeans. +It is this. In the Mohammedan religion there are a great number of +fasts and feasts. The Sultan, who till now has not been noted for his +piety, has suddenly become the most religious of persons. + +When he receives a letter from the Powers that he wants to keep a few +days before he answers it, he sends them a most gracious note, saying +that it is the feast of so-and-so, and it is contrary to his religion to +attend to business during the days appointed for the festival. + +By this manoeuvre he manages to keep his army fighting and winning +battles, while Europe is helplessly waiting for his answer. After the +Powers had asked for an armistice he used this pretext to delay +answering for a whole week. + +The European diplomats, who are made the victims of the Sultan's +devotion to fasts and feasts, wonder why he allows his army to continue +the business of war during these times if he is really so pious as he +pretends to be. + + * * * * * + +A report has just been spread that Russia has frightened the Sultan into +ceasing hostilities until the terms of peace can be arranged. + +It is to be hoped that this is true. + + * * * * * + +The mining district of Kootenay in British Columbia is the scene of much +agitation at this moment. + +Kootenay lies on the border of British Columbia, where it joins the +States of Montana, Idaho, and Washington. + +In this region there are extensive gold mines, many of which are worked +and owned by Americans, who have been very successful, and made the +mines pay exceedingly well. + +To their surprise and annoyance, the Legislature of British Columbia +passed a law the other day, making it impossible for Americans to take +up any claims, unless they give up their American citizenship and become +British subjects. + +It is said that numbers of Americans who have crossed the borders from +Idaho and Montana are deprived of their finds by this law, and there is +a great deal of excitement and indignation over it. + +The Government of British Columbia says that the law was passed as a +rebuke to Americans, because the United States Government has been +making laws which are hurtful to Canadians. + +Some of the American mine-owners became so alarmed that they took out +their naturalization papers. Others determined to defy the law, and +commenced hostilities by sending the ore they got from their mines over +the border into Washington, to be smelted. + +This took a good deal of business and money out of the hands of the +Canadians, and there was an outbreak of indignation over it. + +There promises to be a good deal of trouble before the matter is +settled. + +The Canadians will allow no American workmen to be employed on the +Public Works, nor can they hold any good positions in the towns. + +The Americans profess not to mind this in the least, declaring that the +Canadians are welcome to manage their towns as they please, if they will +only let the Americans in the mines alone. + +This law against Americans does not, however, meet with the approval of +the Canadian Parliament, the Legislature which passed it being only the +local one of British Columbia. + +Many of the Canadian mine-owners are as annoyed over the matter as the +Americans are. They say that the citizens are helping to open up their +country, and that it will be a bad thing for British Columbia if the +Legislature makes it impossible for Americans to remain there. + +The chances are that the Parliament will take the matter in hand and +straighten it out. We can but hope that it will do so, for Americans and +Canadians have so many ways in which they can be helpful to one another, +that it will be a pity if they become estranged. + + * * * * * + +Mr. Elverton R. Chapman has gone to Washington to serve his sentence of +thirty days in jail; and Mr. Havemeyer is also in that city, awaiting +his trial. + +Efforts were made by Mr. Chapman's friends to obtain a pardon for him, +and a petition was circulated among the Senators, begging the President +to release him. No action was taken, however, because Mr. Chapman did +not personally ask for the pardon; so he has gone to jail. When he has +served his sentence he will still have a fine of $100 to pay before he +can be freed. + +The Senate Committee which Mr. Chapman offended must not be mistaken for +the Lexow Committee which held its sessions a few months ago. + +Mr. Chapman's breach of the law took place in 1894. In that year the +United States Senate held a Sugar Trust Investigation. + +The committee in charge of the investigation asked Mr. Chapman to give +the names of some of the Senators who were said to have been speculating +in sugar stock. + +Mr. Chapman refused to answer, and was arrested and tried for contempt +of the Senate. He was found guilty and sentenced to thirty days in jail +and a fine of $100. + +For three years Mr. Chapman has been fighting this decision, on the +ground that the question was not a proper one to ask, and that he had +been right in refusing to answer it. + +The result of the various appeals in this case has been watched for with +the greatest interest. + +The final decision has upheld the dignity of the Senate, and shown the +people that a Senate committee is not to be trifled with. + +The Senate itself was a little ruffled over the matter. + +When it was proposed that the President should be asked to pardon Mr. +Chapman, Senator Allen, of Nebraska, introduced a resolution that before +the President should be applied to for pardon, Mr. Chapman must appear +before the Senate, and purge himself of his contempt by answering the +questions that he had refused to answer three years ago. + +Mr. Chapman would probably have still persisted in his refusal, and got +himself into fresh trouble; so it was perhaps a good thing for him that +he did not personally apply for a pardon. + +Mr. Havemeyer's lawyers are busy over his case. They intend to say in +his defence that the questions asked him had nothing to do with the +matter in hand, and that he also was right in refusing to answer them. + +In the mean time Mr. Havemeyer is using his personal influence to +persuade the Senators not to prosecute him and to let his case be +withdrawn when the day appointed to try it comes round. + +It is more than likely, however, that Mr. Havemeyer and Mr. Searles will +both have to share Mr. Chapman's fate, and pay the penalty of their +contempt of the Senate. + + * * * * * + +The log of the _Mayflower_ is now safely in this country. + +It was brought over by Mr. Bayard, the former Ambassador to England, who +arrived here a day or two ago. + +When the Bishop of London handed the manuscript to Mr. Bayard, he told +him that an application had been made by Mr. Hay, the new Ambassador, +for the log to be turned over to him, as Mr. Bayard was now no longer +the Ambassador of the United States. + +The persons who had the log in charge decided that Mr. Bayard was the +proper person to carry the manuscript to Boston, as all arrangements had +been made with him, and so Mr. Hay's request was denied. + +Before the manuscript was given to Mr. Bayard, a clerk read the +conditions of the transfer of the "log." These, among other things, +provided that certified copies should be furnished to any persons +wishing to have them. + +When Mr. Bayard arrived in this country, he was asked how the English +had felt about the killing of the Arbitration Treaty. + +He said that they were greatly disappointed, and that there was +universal regret in England that it had been rejected. + + * * * * * + +It would seem that we have too much money in New York. + +Mr. Jordan, the Assistant Treasurer, has just been to Washington to see +Secretary Gage on various important matters, and among other things to +call attention to the condition of the vaults in the Sub-Treasury. + +It has been known for some time that the walls of these vaults have been +forced out of plumb by the immense weight of the sacks of silver dollars +stacked against them. + +When the time for counting the money came round, it was found that the +walls were so insecure that there was danger of their giving way and +crushing some of the clerks under the weight of the money-bags. + +The count had to be stopped, and the bags, which contained millions of +dollars, piled up in the corridors, while a steel frame was put in, that +would be strong enough to keep all this money in safety. + +The fact of there being millions of dollars in the Treasury does not +mean that such a tremendous sum of money is lying idle, while thousands +are in want of it. + +Practically, every dollar of the money in the Treasury is in circulation +in the shape of the paper bills which we use as money. + +These bills have no value in themselves; they are just so much printed +paper, and if we tried to sell them for the value of the paper they are +made of, we would get about ten cents for a pound of them. + +The reason why they are of value to us, and we can exchange them for the +amount printed on their faces, is that for every one of these notes that +is issued, the Government deposits as many dollars in the Treasury as it +represents. + +If you look on the face of the last issue of dollar bills, you will see +printed across it: + +"This certifies that there has been deposited in the Treasury of the +United States one silver dollar, payable to the bearer on demand. + + "G. Fount Tillman, Register of the Treasury. +"D.N. Morgan, Treasurer of the United States." + +The bills that we use are really silver certificates, which give us the +right to go to the nearest Treasury and demand as many silver dollars as +we have notes for, whenever we are minded to do so. + +The millions of dollars that are lying in the Sub-Treasury in New York +represent, therefore, millions of dollars in bills, or silver +certificates, that are in use and for which the Treasurer must be able +to give solid money at any time he is asked. + +A country becomes bankrupt when it cannot redeem its paper money in +coin. + +That is the condition of Spain and Cuba at this moment. + +In Cuba General Weyler has ordered a large amount of paper money issued. +The banks have been obliged to obey him; but as every one knows that no +coin has been deposited in the Treasury to make the paper notes good, +people do not care to take them. + +General Weyler says that Spain will make the notes good at the end of +the war; but as no one believes him, the paper money has steadily fallen +in value. + +Falling in value, you must understand, means that the merchant will not +give a dollar's worth of goods in exchange for a dollar note. + +In Cuba the merchants began by giving but ninety cents' worth of goods +for the dollar; but as the war has continued and the poverty of Spain +has become plainer, they have given less and less, until now they will +only give thirty cents' worth of goods in exchange for the paper dollar. + +During the late war in the South, the Confederates issued paper money, +which they promised to redeem as soon as the war was over, but for which +they had no coin to deposit. + +Toward the close of the war, when the Southern cause had become +hopeless, and the people feared the paper money might never be redeemed, +$150 Confederate money often had to be paid to get a pair of shoes +soled, and twenty-five to fifty paper dollars were demanded in exchange +for a loaf of bread. + +Of course the United States did not redeem this money when the war was +over, the promise to redeem it having been made by the Confederate +States; and so the thousands of dollars of Confederate money did not +really have any value. + +Those who had grumbled at paying such large sums to get their boots +soled got the best of the bargain, for they had something to show for +their money, while those who held the bills had really nothing but a +handful of waste paper. + +No coin had been deposited in the Treasury for the bills that were +issued, and so they had no value whatever. + +You can see how very necessary it is that we should have vaults bulging +with money if our business is to go on satisfactorily. + + * * * * * + +The school-ship _St. Mary's_ has just started off for her summer cruise. + +This school-ship is kept by the City of New York for the purpose of +teaching boys how to become sailors. + +The vessel is under the control of the Board of Education, and only boys +of the best character are received on board. + +If by chance a bad boy finds his way on to the _St. Mary's_, he is +dismissed the moment his evil ways show themselves. + +The youths who are admitted to the school must be between the ages of +sixteen and twenty, and they must show a very decided taste for a +sailor's life. + +The course of instruction takes two years, and during that time each boy +must pay $30 for the cost of his uniform and bedding. + +In the winter the ship lies alongside the pier at the foot of +Twenty-eighth Street and East River, and there the boys are taught the +art of navigation and all the seamanship they can learn before they go +to sea. + +As soon as the spring sets in, the _St. Mary's_ is towed over to a +suitable harbor in Long Island, and there the boys are thoroughly +drilled in the furling and unfurling of sails, and in all the practical +knowledge that will enable them to handle the ship when she puts to +sea. + +When all is ready, she starts off on a cruise which lasts till Fall, and +returns to her pier in October. + +Arrived in dock, the graduation exercises are held; and the graduates +are assigned to such ships of the merchant navy as are in need of them. + +This year there are eighty-nine scholars on board the _St. Mary's_. It +is the intention of Lieutenant-Commander Reeder, who is in command of +the vessel, to sail across the Atlantic to Fayal, Lisbon, Gibraltar, and +Madeira, before he brings his ship back to winter quarters. + +It is said that the young sailors who are turned out of this nautical +school are in great demand, and have no difficulty in finding good +berths as soon as they have graduated. + + * * * * * + +A new torpedo-boat, the _Holland_, has just been launched at +Elizabethport, N.J. + +There has been a good deal of mystery all winter about the building of +this boat. + +Some said she was being built for Cuba; others that Spain had bought +her. + +No one was allowed to enter the yard where she was building, and the +strictest secrecy was kept as to her make and shape. + +At last she has been completed and launched, but the inventor, Mr. +Holland, refuses to allow any one to look at his boat until he is quite +satisfied that she is perfect. + +He claims for her that she can be navigated as well under water as above +it, and that she will ride on the surface of the waters, or plunge +beneath them, at the will of her master. + +The _Holland_ is a gunboat, and will be armed with three kinds of guns: +one to fire on the surface of the water, a submarine gun to use under +the water, and torpedo tubes. + +In attacking a vessel, the _Holland_ is intended to fire her +surface-guns, and as soon as she has done such damage as she can with +them, to sink down under the water. She is then to make for the enemy's +vessel with her best speed, and when within a short distance of the foe, +is to rise to the surface to take aim; and then, sinking again, to +discharge her torpedoes. + +As soon as this is done, she is to steam under the vessel, and fire her +submarine gun into the unfortunate ship, which it is expected she will +blow to pieces. + +The _Holland_ is to be tried in New York Harbor; then, as soon as her +inventor is satisfied, a public exhibition will be given of her powers. + +If she can accomplish what is claimed for her, she is at once the most +wonderful and the deadliest invention of modern times. + +Two or three of the foreign governments are watching the _Holland_ with +much interest. Mr. Holland is not known to have made any arrangements +about selling her, or the patent under which she is built. + +It is to be hoped that when he is finally ready to dispose of her, the +United States may be fortunate enough to become her purchaser. + +If we have two or three such vessels as the _Holland_ cruising near our +harbors, it will simplify the problem of coast-defence very +considerably. + + * * * * * + +On page 317, Vol. I., of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, we spoke of the +explorer who was trying to reach the North Pole in a balloon. + +This gentleman, Professor Andree, had his balloon in readiness for the +attempt last year. + +He waited from the 23d of June till the middle of August for a favorable +wind to bear him northward. + +While his party was still waiting, Dr. Nansen returned from his famous +expedition, in which he reached a point within two hundred miles of the +Pole. + +After a few more days, it was decided that it was too late in the year +to attempt the aerial voyage, and so Mr. Andree had to postpone the +attempt. + +Not at all discouraged by his failure, he stated that he would try again +the next year, and has spent the past winter making preparations for a +fresh venture. + +The balloon will be filled and ready for the start about the middle of +June, when Mr. Andree and his companions will once more make the +attempt. + +The Russian Geographical Society has printed hundreds of circulars to be +distributed among the natives of the lands lying around the pole, +showing them by the aid of pictures what kind of an object a balloon is, +and urging them to tell the nearest authorities if they see it. They are +also requested, if the balloon should descend, to treat the men who are +in it with the greatest kindness. + +Mr. Andree is full of hope for his scheme, and expects to reach the +pole. He will be spared the long journeys over the ice-fields, which all +Arctic explorers have found to be the hardest part of their work. + + * * * * * + +The Sixth Convention of the Universal Postal Union is being held in +Washington this month. Delegates from all over the world are here to +attend it. + +The Postal Union is a union of governments to regulate the postal +business between nations. + +As the correspondence of the world grew larger, and the improved means +of travelling made it possible for men to journey to all parts of the +earth, great trouble was found in the handling of the mail matter. + +The rates for carrying letters varied for each country, and infinite +work and delay was caused by the calculation made necessary thereby. + +At last a few of the countries most interested in the matter formulated +a Universal Postal Union, which established a fixed rate for letters +sent to all countries in the Union. + +This plan was first suggested at Berne, in Switzerland, in 1874. + +The countries agreeing to abide by this rule styled themselves the +Universal Postal Union, and made many useful laws for the transmission +of mail matter. + +It was the hope when the Association was started that every country in +the world would join it. + +In 1894 the hope was so nearly realized that all countries excepting +parts of Asia and Africa had become members of the Union. + +It is expected that China and Corea will ask for admission at the +present meeting in Washington, and then, to quote the words of +Postmaster-General Gary in opening the Congress: + +"When these two countries shall have joined us, the sun in its daily +circuit will not rise on a civilized people which is not included in the +Postal Union." + +Many subjects will be discussed during the session of the Congress. One +of the most important will be that of having a Universal Postage Stamp. +Stamp collectors won't like the idea, because there will only be one +kind of stamp in use between all countries; it will, however, be a great +benefit to people in foreign countries who would like to prepay the +answers to their letters. + +New York has decided to make some important changes in her mail service. + +These changes have not been suggested by the Postal Congress; but if +they were only in working order, they would give some of the delegates +much to talk about when they return to their own countries. + +The changes to be made are in the line of hastening the despatch and +delivery of letters. + +This is to be accomplished by means of a network of pneumatic tubes, +which will be laid under the streets. + +When a letter is posted at any of the sub-stations, instead of lying in +the box until, the postman comes round to collect it, it will be +instantly sent through the tube and deposited on the cancelling desk at +the nearest station. + +By this means a great deal of time will be saved; it is even said, by +the persons interested in the scheme, that a letter which now takes two +hours to go from Wall Street to the Grand Central Depot, can be sent by +the pneumatic tubes in less than ten minutes. + +The Government has given out the contract for laying the tubes, and one +circuit is to be in working order by October. + +It is said that the big dry-goods stores mean to make arrangements +whereby they can send their small parcels by tube instead of messenger, +and save a good deal of money now spent for horses and drivers. + +The Pneumatic Postal system is in use in London, Berlin, and +Philadelphia, and has proved a great success wherever tried. + + GENIE H. ROSENFELD. + + * * * * * + + + + +BOOK REVIEWS. + + +We have received a new history of Victoria, written for children; this +has been sent to one of our readers, and an account will appear soon. +The book is published by Frederick Warne & Co. + +We have also received from Ginn & Co., Boston, a copy of the "Finch +Primer." This is another one of those bright little books for our small +brothers and sisters; it has colored illustrations, and is very +attractive. + +"Every reader of this page knows Mrs. Julia Truitt Bishop, of New +Orleans, whose stories have given them rare pleasure for the past seven +or eight years. But they do not know that Mrs. Bishop is the 'Dallas,' +whose delightful sketches of animal life have attracted so much +attention. Newspaper articles are necessarily somewhat ephemeral, except +to those that are wise enough to cut them out and give them long life in +a scrap-book; but Mrs. Bishop's animal stories are so true to nature, so +real, so full of the kindly feeling that dwells deep down in an animal +lover's heart, that we are glad to see them in the more durable form of +a little hook. + +"She has collected most of those that have been published here, and +William Beverley Harison, of New York, has brought them out in a series +of neat pamphlets, under the title of 'The Great Round World Natural +History Stories.' These sketches need no commendation from us; you know +what they are, for you have felt their gentle influence in inculcating a +love for the faithful and affectionate dumb creatures that depend upon +us for comfort and protection. A general distribution of these little +books among young people would do incalculable good, and it would give +their readers great pleasure, at the same time."--_Philadelphia (Pa.) +Times,_ May 16th, 1897. + +The following list of interesting books was forwarded to us by a kind +young friend. EDITOR. + + + DEAR EDITOR: + + I like THE GREAT ROUND WORLD very much. + + I will name some books, so that others may read them. "Timothy's + Quest" and "A Summer in a Caņon" are very pretty stories by Kate + Douglas Wiggin. + + "The Mysterious Island," "Abandoned," and "The Secret of the + Island" are a set of books by Jules Verne. "The Fir Country," + "Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea," and "In Search of the + Castaways" are all by him. + + "A New Alice in the Old Wonderland" is by Anna M. Richards, Jr. + From an affectionate reader, + + ANNA H. + NEW YORK, April 17th, 1897. + + + + +INVENTION AND DISCOVERY. + + +POCKET PROTECTOR.--This is an invention that should recommend itself as +much to girls as to boys. + +It is a guard of rubber or other suitable material, which is laid inside +the pocket, and fitted with ribs and a spring which close the mouth of +the pocket at all times. + +For the side pockets of coats it would seem to be a most desirable +invention, and for the pockets of skirts it seems the thing that we have +been looking for. + +Every young girl knows how inconvenient it is to have no pocket in her +gown, and she also knows how strongly the dressmakers protest against +putting one in, because it is sure to gape open and look ugly. + +With the self-closing protector the pocket would always be kept closed, +and if ladies can only persuade their dressmakers to use this new +invention, there is no reason why they should not once more have the +comfort and luxury of pockets in their gowns. + + +DEVICE FOR PLACING OR REMOVING PICTURE-HOOKS. + +The spring-time, when half the world is moving, and the other half +house-cleaning, seems a very happy time for introducing the above +invention. + +It is an arrangement attached to a long pole, and it is to be used to +place or remove picture-hooks and pictures. + +The hooks are caught and held firmly by the two arms which project from +the device. They can then be lifted off the moulding without difficulty. + +In the same manner the arms can be slipped under the wires of pictures, +which can thus be easily taken down. + +This lifter will save many a climb of the step-ladder, besides doing the +work of hanging and removing pictures in one-half the time. + +There is a new machine made for sharpening scissors. + +The blades to be sharpened are passed through an opening in the side of +the machine, and are brought in contact with a bar, which is made of +emery or other sharpening material. + +The bar is adjusted with springs which move back and forth with the +pressure of the blade, in such manner that a very fine edge can be put +on the metal to be sharpened. G.H.R. + + + + +LETTERS FROM OUR YOUNG FRIENDS. + + + DEAR EDITOR: + + Mother and I have been reading THE GREAT ROUND WORLD all winter and + have enjoyed it so much. I think it is a very valuable little + magazine, you make everything seem so interesting. Halifax is + rather a quaint city. It is noted for its beautiful scenery, fine + harbor, park, and public gardens. It is an ideal place to spend the + hot summer months in, and American tourists are learning more about + us every year. A little girl visiting here from Boston last summer + was asked one morning if she should like to go to the green market + and see the Indians make and sell their baskets. She hesitated a + moment, then said, "Well, if they are not wild Indians I would." I + think strangers have an idea that the inhabitants of Halifax are + nearly all Indians (we rarely see one except market days), that our + noses are really blue in color, that our houses are covered with + codfish-skins, and that our only article of diet is fish. This + seems all very amusing to us. We are going to celebrate the Queen's + Jubilee here next month. One feature of the celebration will be a + grand Military Tournament. I saw one last year, and it _was_ grand. + At the close there was a mimic battle between the British and the + Arabs; it was very exciting. I was so interested that I said to my + sister, "The Arabs fight just as well as the British," forgetting + for a minute that they were all British. I think the American flag + prettier than the flag of any other nation. There is a lovely story + running through _St. Nicholas_, now. It is called "Miss Nina + Barrow." It ought to delight every girl reader. Hoping I am not + taking up too much of your valuable time with my letter, and + wishing THE GREAT ROUND WORLD much success, I remain, + + Yours truly, + HALIFAX, N.S., May 11th, 1897. MARIE + + + DEAR EDITOR: + + I am very much interested in the Cubans, and I hope that they will + get free. I wish THE GREAT ROUND WORLD would tell more about it. We + have your nice little book for our reading class. We all laughed + right out when we read about the serpent down on the Florida coast, + and the singing mouse. I will close now, wishing great success to + THE GREAT ROUND WORLD. + + DALLAS S. + CORNWALL-ON-THE-HUDSON, N.Y., May 3d, 1897. + + + DEAR MR. EDITOR: + + Having read three of your GREAT ROUND WORLD books, I now let you + know how I enjoyed them. I read many interesting things about the + little island of Greece, and many other things. I read one book a + day, and each week I send them to a friend in the country. She + enjoys them very much. + + Yours truly, + NEW YORK, May 4th, 1897. JESSIE B.G. + + + +The Editor thanks Marie, Dallas S., and Jessie B.G. for their kindly and +pleasant letters. + + + DEAR EDITOR: + + I take your GREAT ROUND WORLD and like it very much. I hope Greece + will win in her war with Turkey, and Cuba in her war with Spain. + General Weyler must be a very cruel man to kill the wounded Cuban + soldiers who are in the hospitals. I hope the wars will soon stop + and the countries be at peace. I enjoy your paper very much, it + having many interesting accounts in it. I am very glad that the + Czar of Russia is not going to make the exiles travel on foot any + more to Siberia, and I think he must be a very nice ruler. Do you + think the Cubans will win? I wish THE GREAT ROUND WORLD was + published twice a week, as I like it so much. Did young Prince + George of Greece marry that "Holy Child," as I think she is called? + + Yours truly, +EVANSVILLE, MD., May 12th, 1897. NANNIE M. + + +DEAR NANNIE: + +Thank you for your letter and kind words. + +In regard to Prince George of Greece, our list of the reigning families +of Europe for 1897 states that he is unmarried. + + EDITOR. + + * * * * * + +=Revised List, with Prices, of School-Books that will be taken in Exchange +for Subscriptions to "The Great Round World."= + +READERS + Appleton's Primer 5 + " First 10 + " Second 10 + " Third 10 + " Fourth 15 + " Fifth 25 + Baldwin's Classics 10 + Barnes' First 10 + " Second 10 + " Third 15 + " Fourth 20 + " Fifth 25 + Butler's First 5 + " Second 10 + " Third 15 + Cyr's Primer 10 + " First 10 + " Second 10 + " Third 15 + Davis' First 5 + " Second 10 + " Third 15 + Eggleston's Great Americans 15 + Eng. Classics (Am. Bk. Co.) 10 + Gilmour's Revised First 5 + " " Second 10 + " " Third 10 + " " Fourth 20 + Harper's New First 10 + " " Second 10 + " " Third 15 + " " Fourth 20 + " " Fifth 30 + Hazen's First 10 + " Second 10 + " Third 15 + " Fourth 20 + " Fifth 25 + " Child's First Book 10 + Holmes' New First 5 + " " Second 10 + " " Third 15 + " " Fourth 20 + " " Fifth 20 + Interstate First 10 + " Second 10 + " Third 15 + King's First Book 20 + " Second " 20 + " Third " 20 + " Fourth " 20 + Lippincott's First 5 + " Second 10 + McGuffey's Revised Primer 5 + " " First 5 + " " Second 10 + " " Third 15 + " " Fourth 15 + Monroe's New Primer 5 + " " First 10 + " " Second 10 + " " Third 15 + New Franklin Primer 5 + " " First 10 + " " Second 10 + " " Third 15 + " " Fourth 20 + " " Fifth 25 + New Graded First 5 + " " Second 10 + " " Third 15 + Pollard's Revised Primer 5 + " " First 8 + " " Second 10 + " " Third 15 + Sheldon & Co.'s First 5 + " Second 10 + " Third 15 + " Fourth 15 + Stickney's New First 5 + " " Second 10 + " " Third 10 + " " Fourth 15 + " " Fifth 20 + Swinton's Primer 10 + " First 10 + " Second 15 + " Third 20 + " Fourth 20 + " Fifth 25 + Thompson's 10 + Union First 5 + " Second 5 + Watson's First 5 + " Second 10 + Werner's Primer 10 + + +SPELLERS + Babcock's 5 + Bailey's Scholar's Compan. 10 + Farrell's Grammar School 10 + Gilbert's School Studies 5 + Graves' (cloth cover) 10 + Harrington's Complete 5 + McGuffey's Revised 5 + Monroe's 5 + Morse's 10 + New American Primary 5 + " " Pronouncing 5 + Patterson's Com. School 5 + Reed's Word Lessons 10 + Swinton's Word Primer 5 + " " Book 5 + Town's Word Analysis 10 + Watson's Complete 5 + + +HISTORIES + Allen's Rome 35 + Anderson's New General 45 + " " Gram. Sch. (N.Y. ed.) 25 + " Eng. (1895 or later) 35 + Barnes' Primary U.S. 15 + " Brief (after 1890) 35 + " General 60 + Eggleston's First Book 20 + " Large U.S. 35 + Fiske's 35 + Gardiner's England 35 + Greene's Short Hist. of Eng. 40 + Hansell's History 20 + Hendrick's Empire State 15 + Higginson's (after 1895) 30 + " England 30 + Johnston's Shorter U.S. 20 + " Larger " 35 + Montgomery's Begins. U.S. 20 + " Large " 35 + " France 35 + " England 35 + Mowry's U.S. 30 + Myer's Greece 35 + " Rome 35 + Myer's Medieval 50 + " General 50 + " Ancient 50 + Parley's Universal (718 pp.) 25 + Ploetz' Epitome 40 + Pratt's History Stories 10 + Sheldon's Amer. History 30 + " General " 40 + Swinton's Outlines " 40 + " N. School " 30 + Thomas' United States 30 + + +ARITHMETICS + Atwood's, Part 1 10 + " " 2 15 + Bailey's Mental 10 + Barnes' National 20 + Bradbury's Practical (with Answers) 20 + Brooks' New Series 15 + Butler's, Part 1 5 + " New Practical 20 + Davies' Written 10 + " New Practical 20 + " University 25 + Fish's, Part 1 (Am. B'k. Co.) 10 + " " 2 " " 20 + Franklin, Part 1 15 + " " 2 25 + Greenleaf's Common School 15 + " Complete (with Answers) 20 + Milnes' Elementary 15 + " Standard 25 + Prince's, Parts, each 10 + " Practical 25 + Ray's New Primary 5 + " " Elementary 10 + " " Practical 20 + " " Higher 25 + Robinson's Rudiments 15 + " Practical 20 + " Higher 25 + Sanford's Primary 10 + " Common School 20 + " Higher 25 + Sheldon's Elementary 10 + + * * * * * + +=Send by Prepaid Express, put your name and address in package also full +list of the books. All books must be clean and perfect.= + +_We can use new issues of all standard text books. Send list with titles +and dates._ + + * * * * * + +...PREMIUMS... + + * * * * * + +TO ANY ONE SENDING US 4 NEW SUBSCRIBERS + +[Illustration: A Pocket Kodak + + Measures 2-1/4 x 2-7/8 x 3-7/8 inches, makes a picture 1-1/2 x 2 + inches, and weighs only 5 ounces. Delivered ready for 12 exposures + without reloading.] + +The Lens is of the fixed focus type, and of sufficient length of focus +(2-1/2 inches) to avoid distortion. + +Has improved rotary shutter and set of three stops for lens. The slides +for changing stops and for time exposures are alongside of the exposure +lever and always show by their position what stop is before the lens and +whether the shutter is set for time or instantaneous exposures, thus +acting as a warning. + +In the _quality_ of the work they will do, Pocket Kodaks equal the best +cameras on the market. They make negatives of such perfect quality that +enlargements of any size can be made from them. + +The Pocket Kodaks are covered with fine leather, and the trimmings are +handsomely finished and lacquered. They are elegant, artistic, and +durable. + +=For one more subscription we will send with this camera a bicycle +carrying-case= + + * * * * * + +TO ANY ONE SENDING US 9 NEW SUBSCRIBERS + +[Illustration: An Improved + =No. 4= + Bulls-Eye + + For pictures 4x5 inches; delivered ready for 12 exposures without + reloading. Size of camera, 4-7/8 x 5-7/8 x 9-1/4 inches; weight 2 + pounds 2 ounces; length of focus of lens, 6-1/4 inches.] + +Fitted with an achromatic lens of superior quality, having a set of +three stops; has two finders, one for vertical and one for horizontal +exposures; and is also provided with two sockets for tripod screws, one +for vertical and one for horizontal exposures. Fitted with improved +rotary shutter, for snap-shots or time exposures. Can be loaded in +daylight. Handsomely finished and covered with leather. + +=Both of the above cameras are manufactured by the Eastman Kodak Co., +Rochester, N.Y., and this is a guarantee of their worth= + + * * * * * + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD +3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + + * * * * * + +=PREMIUM LIST= + + In connection with our offer of any BICYCLE you wish for 100 new + subscriptions, we have prepared a + +=Premium Catalogue= + + This contains a list of selected articles which will be given to + those who may obtain a smaller number of subscriptions + + * * * * * + +Those who fail to secure the necessary number for the bicycle may make +selection from this catalogue. + + + * * * * * + + =Copy mailed on receipt of 5c.= + + * * * * * + + =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + =3 & 5 West 18th St, New York City= + + * * * * * + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 30, June 3, 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + +***** This file should be named 15619-8.txt or 15619-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/6/1/15619/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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