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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, No. 579, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, No. 579
+       Volume 20, No. 579, December 8, 1832
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: April 4, 2005 [EBook #15536]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. XX, No. 579.] SATURDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1832. [PRICE 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: ANTWERP.]
+
+
+
+
+ANTWERP.
+
+
+This Engraving may prove a welcome pictorial accompaniment to a score
+of plans of "the seat of war," in illustration of the leading topic of
+the day. The view may be relied on for accuracy; it being a transfer of
+the engraving in "Select Views of the Principal Cities of Europe, from
+Original Paintings, by Lieutenant Colonel Batty, F.R.S.[1]" We have so
+recently described the city, that our present notice must be confined
+to a brief outline.
+
+Antwerp, one of the chief cities of the Netherlands, is situated on the
+river Scheldt, 22 miles north of Brussels, and 65 south of Amsterdam:
+longitude 4° 23' East; latitude 51° 13' North. It is called by Latin
+writers, _Antverpia_, or _Andoverpum_; by the Germans, _Antorf_; by
+the Spanish, _Anveres_; and by the French, _Anvers_.[2] The city is of
+great antiquity, and is supposed by some to have existed before the time
+of Cæsar. It was much enlarged by John, the first Duke of Brabant, in
+1201; by John, the third, in 1314; and by the Emperor Charles V. in
+1543: it has always been a place of commercial importance, and about
+twenty years after the last mentioned date, the trade is concluded to
+have been at its greatest height; the number of inhabitants was then
+computed at 200,000. A few years subsequently, Antwerp suffered much in
+the infamous war against religious freedom, projected by the detestable
+Philip II. (son of Charles V.) and executed by the sanguinary Duke
+of Alva, whose cruelty has scarcely a parallel in history. In this
+merciless crusade, Alva boasted that he had consigned 18,000 persons
+to the executioner; and with vanity as disgusting as his cruelty, he
+placed a statue of himself in Antwerp, in which he was figured trampling
+on the necks of two statues, representing the two estates of the Low
+Countries. Before the termination of the war, not less than 600 houses
+in the city were burnt, and 6 or 7,000 of the inhabitants killed or
+drowned. Antwerp was retaken and repaired by the Prince of Parma, in
+1585. It has since that time been captured and re-captured so frequently
+as to render its decreasing prosperity a sad lesson, if such proof were
+wanting, of the baleful scourge of war. The reader need scarcely be
+reminded that the last and severest blow to the prosperity of Antwerp
+was occasioned by the overthrow of Buonaparte, when, by the treaty of
+peace signed in 1814, her naval establishment was utterly destroyed.[3]
+The population has dwindled to little more than one-fourth of the
+original number, its present number scarcely exceeding 60,000.
+
+The annexed view is taken from the _Téte de Flandre_, a fortified
+port on the left bank of the river Scheldt, immediately opposite to the
+city, and now in the possession of the Dutch. The river here is a broad
+and noble stream, and at high water navigable for vessels of large
+tonnage. A short distance below the town the banks are elevated, like
+part of Millbank, near Vauxhall Bridge; and the situation has much the
+same character. The river is here about twice the width of the Thames
+at London Bridge, and it flows with great rapidity.
+
+Lieut.-Colonel Batty observes, "there is perhaps no city in the north of
+Europe which, on inspection, awakens greater interest" than Antwerp. It
+abounds in fine old buildings, which bear testimony to its former wealth
+and importance. The three most aspiring points in the View are--1. the
+Church of St. Paul, richly dight with pictures by Teniers, De Crayer,
+Quellyn, De Vos, Jordaens, &c.; 2. the tower of the Hôtel de Ville, the
+whole façade of which is little short of 300 feet, a part of the front
+being cased with variegated marble, and ornamented with statues; 3. the
+lofty and richly-embellished Tower of the Cathedral of Nôtre Dame,
+forming the most striking object from whichever side we view the city.
+The interior is enriched with valuable paintings by Flemish masters; the
+height of the spire is stated at 460 feet.[4]
+
+The distance from the mouth of the Scheldt to Antwerp is usually
+reckoned to be sixty-two miles, allowing for the bending of the river.
+At Lillo, an important fortress, the appearance of the city of Antwerp
+becomes an interesting object, and the more imposing the nearer the
+traveller approaches along the last reach of the Scheldt.
+
+Antwerp has been the birthplace of many learned men--as, Ortelius, an
+eminent mathematician and antiquary of the sixteenth century, and the
+friend of our Camden; Gorleus, a celebrated medallist, of the same
+period; Andrew Schott, a learned Jesuit, and the friend of Scaliger;
+Lewis Nonnius, a distinguished physician and erudite scholar, born early
+in the seventeenth century. Few places have produced so many painters of
+merit, as will be seen at page 380, by a well-timed communication from
+our early correspondent P.T.W.
+
+    [1] Copied by permission of the proprietors and publishers, Messrs.
+        Moon, Boys, and Graves.
+
+    [2] The name of Antwerp, says an ingenious correspondent, at p. 287,
+        vol. xiv. of _The Mirror_, is derived from _Hand-werpen_, or
+        _Hand-thrown_: so called from a legend, which informs us that on
+        the site of the present city once stood the castle of a giant,
+        who was accustomed to amuse himself by cutting off and casting
+        into the river the right hands of the unfortunate wights that
+        fell into his power; but that being at last conquered himself,
+        his own immense hand was disposed off, with poetical justice, in
+        the same way. We quote this passage in a note, as it is only
+        worthy of place _beneath_ facts of sober history.
+
+    [3] See Antwerp described from a _Tour in South Holland_ in the
+        _Family Library_, at p. 109. vol. xviii of _The Mirror_.
+
+    [4] See Antwerp Cathedral, _Mirror_, vol. xiv, p. 286.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A MALTESE LEGEND.
+
+
+  Hark, in the bower of yonder tower,
+    What maiden so sweetly sings,
+  As the eagle flies through the sunny skies
+    He stayeth his golden wings;
+  And swiftly descends, and his proud neck bends,
+    And his eyes they stream with glare,
+  And gaze with delight, on her looks so bright,
+    As he motionless treads the air.
+  But his powerful wings, as she sweetly sings,
+    They droop to the briny wave,
+  And slowly he falls near the castle walls,
+    And sinks to his ocean grave.
+  Was it arrow unseen with glancing sheen,
+    The twang of the string unheard,
+  Sped from hunter's bow, that has laid him low,
+    And has pierced that kingly bird?
+  That has brought his flight, from the realms of light,
+    Where his hues in ether glow,
+  To float for awhile in the sun's last smile,
+    Then dim to the depths below?
+  No! the pow'rful spell, that had wrought too well,
+    Was sung by a maiden true,
+  And it breath'd and flow'd, to her love who row'd,
+    His path through the seas of blue.
+  As she saw his sail, by the gentle gale,
+    Slow borne to her lofty bower,
+  Her heart it beat, in her high retreat,
+    She sang by a spell-bound power:
+
+      "Zephyr winds, with gentlest motion
+      Urge his bark the blue waves o'er;
+      Cease your wild and deep commotion
+      Waft him safely to the shore.
+
+      "Lovely art thou crested billow,
+      On thy whiteness rests his eye,
+      Thou art to his bark a pillow,
+      Thou dost hear his ev'ry sigh.
+
+      "Would I were yon dolphin dancing
+      Round his fragile vessel's stern;
+      Ev'ry gaze my soul entrancing,
+      I would woo him though he spurn."
+
+  Here she rais'd her eyes, to the once bright skies,
+    For she heard the deep sea groan,
+  And her song it stopp'd, and her hands they drop'd,
+    Her face grew white as the foam;
+  For the lovely blue, was hid from her view,
+    By a black and mighty cloud!
+  She saw in each wave, a watery grave,
+    And again she sang aloud:
+
+      "But the clouds are rolling heavy,
+      Fitful gusts distend his sail;
+      See the whirlpool's foaming eddy,
+      Hear the seagull's mournful wail.
+
+      "Now his vessel greets the thunder,
+      Now she rests on ocean's bed,
+      Where in shrines of pearl and amber,
+      Youthful lovers, love, though dead.
+
+      "Gracious Heaven! in mercy spare him,
+      Shield him with thine arm of pow'r;
+      On thy wings, oh! Father, bear him
+      Through this dark and troubled hour.
+
+      "In yon convent then to-morrow
+      Will I give to thee my days;
+      Flee this world of grief and sorrow,
+      Endless sing thee hymns of praise.
+
+      "But if thou hast bid us sever,
+      Till we reach the heavenly shore,
+      I will steer my bark, where never,
+      Waves nor death shall part us more.
+
+      "We will roam the plains of ocean,
+      Tread the sands where rubies shine,
+      Drink from starry founts the potion
+      Mortals taste, and grow divine.
+
+      "But his vessel's sinking slowly,
+      And mine hour of death is near;
+      Yet I shrink not,--sweet and holy
+      Is the end that knows no fear."
+
+  Scarce the words had died, and the crimson tide,
+    Flow'd calm in her heaving breast,
+  When she flew to the wave, to share his grave,
+    And taste of his final rest.
+  And the fishermen boast, who dwell on that coast,
+    That after the ev'ning bell
+  Has toll'd the hour, in sleet and in shower,
+    They float on a golden shell.
+  And all night they roam, where the breakers foam,
+    When the moonbeams streak the waves,
+  But when morn awakes and the twilight breaks,
+    They glide to their coral caves.
+
+
+_Leeds._
+
+T.W.H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Manners and Customs.
+
+
+EARLY INHABITANTS OF BRITAIN.
+
+(_To the Editor._)
+
+
+In your Correspondent _Selim's_ laudable endeavour to vindicate
+the ancient inhabitants of this island from the character of barbarians
+given them by Cæsar, he has made some errors, which, with your
+permission, I will attempt to rectify. First, I beg leave to dissent
+from the derivation of the word Druid, "Druidh," a wise man, as such
+a word is not to be found in the Welsh language. In one of your early
+volumes[5] there is a letter from a Correspondent, deriving the word (in
+the above language it is written Derwydd) from Dar and Gwydd, signifying
+chief in the presence, as the religious ceremonies of the Druids were
+considered to be performed in the presence of the Deity. This may seem
+far fetched; but, according to the genius of the language, any word
+commencing with _g_, and having another word prefixed, the sound of
+the _g_ is always dropped: therefore, those words would be written
+Dar-wydd, only a difference of one letter from the proper word.
+
+With regard to the statement of the Druids being "ever foremost in the
+battle strife," as your Correspondent has quoted Cæsar, I am surprised
+that he has overlooked this passage: "The Druids were exempt from all
+military payment, and excused from serving in the wars;" indeed, one of
+the main objects of Bardism was to maintain peace, and the use of arms
+was therefore prohibited to its members; though in later times it was
+one of the duties of the king's domestic bard, on the day of battle,
+to sing in front of the army the national song of "Unbennaeth Prydain"
+(the Monarchy of Britain,) for the purpose of animating the soldiers.
+
+It is not possible that a people possessing the three orders of Druid,
+Bard, and Ovate, who, (leaving their poetry out of the question for the
+present,) were able to raise the immense piles of Abury and Stonehenge,
+could be the barbarians they are thought to be; and those who could
+raise such immense blocks of stone deserve at least credit for
+ingenuity. Now, it does not appear to me to require a great stretch of
+fancy to believe that the requisite knowledge was obtained of the
+architects of the Pyramids, Temples, and cities of Egypt and the east:
+and this is not improbable; as, according to the Triads, the Cymmry (or
+Welsh) came from the Gwlad yr Haf,[6] (the summer country) the present
+Taurida; and further, Herodotus says, that a nation called Cimmerians,
+(very much like their own name,) dwelt in that part of Europe and the
+neighbouring parts of Asia. Other historians are of similar opinion, and
+considering the numerous emigrations from Egypt, caused by religious
+persecutions and conquests, it is very likely that some of their priests
+or learned men were among those exiles, and that they communicated their
+knowledge to the same description of persons belonging to the nations
+with whom they sojourned. The founders of Athens and Thebes were exiles;
+and the Philistines, noted for their constant wars with the Jews, were
+originally expelled from Egypt. I have been informed that there has been
+found in the southern part of the United States, the remains of a
+building similar in its appearance to Stonehenge. Did a remnant of those
+Druids or Priests erect this and the Temples of Mexico, and leave behind
+them those implements of war and industry that have been found in the
+soil and in the mines of America? and to equal the manufacture of which,
+all the resources of modern art have proved inadequate. It appears that
+there existed at a most remote period, a sort of Freemasonry of priests,
+bards, and architects, who, and their successors extended themselves
+over the whole world; for, to whom else can be ascribed those stupendous
+structures, the ruins of which at the present day excite our admiration
+and wonder, and may be traced over Asia, Egypt, along the shores of the
+Mediterranean, in Britain and America. That the ancients knew of America
+is not improbable, when we recollect the extent of the voyages of the
+Phoenicians and Carthaginians, and what has been said of the great
+Island of Atlantis; it is not likely that Prince Madog would have
+sailed in search of a distant land if he had not heard something of its
+existence. In the fifth century, a chieftain named Gafran ab Aeddan,
+went in search of some islands called Gwerddonau Lliou, (Green Isles
+of the Floods,) supposed to be the Canaries; but whether he succeeded
+in reaching them is not known, as he was never heard of after he left
+Britain. This is a proof that the Welsh at least, had heard of distant
+lands in the Atlantic Ocean: another curious fact is, that the worship
+of the sun was prevalent in all the countries in which those remains
+have been found. In conclusion, I beg leave to say that the people could
+not be very barbarous, who were in the habit of hearing such precepts
+as "the three ultimate objects of bardism--to reform _manners_ and
+_customs_, to secure _peace_, and to extol every thing that is good."
+
+_Llundain_.
+
+CYMMRO.
+
+
+    [5] Vol. iv. p. 10 and 50.
+
+    [6] Welsh name of Somersetshire.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BATHING--ANCIENT AND MODERN BATHS.
+
+
+Perhaps neither of the exercises that are indispensable to the health
+and comfort of man has so kept pace with his progressive improvement as
+bathing; and though of late years this effectual promoter of cleanliness
+has not in some parts of the world been sufficiently attended to,
+yet the custom is by no means on the decrease; nor can any fear be
+entertained, with propriety, that so excellent and so natural an
+expedient should ever be suffered to decline, from want of consideration
+of its benefits and advantages. But it must be owned, that while bathing
+in many countries is resorted to as a matter-of-course affair among all
+classes, in England it is in a great measure disregarded by most of the
+middle classes, and almost entirely so by those in the lower station of
+life, who perhaps require this exercise more than their richer
+neighbours.
+
+A medical writer of the present day observes, with some grounds for
+complaint, that while "in almost all countries, both in ancient and
+modern times, whether rude or civilized, bathing was a part of the
+necessary and everyday business of life, in this country alone, with
+all its refinements in the arts which contribute to the happiness or
+comfort of man, and with all its improvements in medical science and
+jurisprudence, this salutary and luxurious practice is almost entirely
+neglected."[7] But in many countries, particularly in the east, bathing
+is as much resorted to as ever; and its really powerful effects in
+invigorating the frame and promoting the porous secretions, (without
+which life itself cannot be long continued,) require only to be once
+known to be persevered in.
+
+Among the ancients, bathing was far more generally practised than at
+the present day. In the city of Alexandria, there were 4,000 public
+baths; and the height of refinement in this luxury among the Romans is
+almost incredible. In addition to the private baths, with which almost
+every house was supplied, public baths were built, sometimes at the
+public cost, and often at the expense of private individuals, who
+nobly conceived their wealth to be laudably expended in giving each of
+their fellow-citizens the means of procuring, free of expense, bodily
+cleanliness and comfort. These baths were generally very extensive, and
+fitted up with every possible convenience;--the passages and apartments
+were paved with marbles of every hue, and the tesselated floors were
+adorned with representations of gladiatorial engagements, hunting,
+racing, and a variety of subjects from the mythology. In the
+_Thermæ_ at Rome, ingenuity and magnificence seem exhausted; and
+the elegance of the architecture, and the vast range of rooms and
+porticos, create in the beholder surprise and admiration, mingled with
+feelings of regret for their neglected state. A quadrans (about a
+farthing) admitted any one; for the funds bequeathed by the emperors and
+others were amply sufficient to provide for the expensive establishments
+requisite, without taxing the people beyond their means. Agrippa gave
+his baths and gardens to the public, and even assigned estates for their
+maintenance. Some of the _Thermæ_ were also provided with a variety
+of perfumed ointments and oils gratuitously. The chief _Thermæ_[8]
+were those of Agrippa, Nero, Titus, Domitian, Caracalla, and Diocletian.
+Their main building consisted of rooms for swimming and bathing, in
+either hot or cold water; others for conversation; and some devoted
+to various exercises and athletic amusements. In some assembled large
+bodies to hear the lectures of philosophers, or perhaps a composition
+of some favourite poet; while the walls were surrounded with statues,
+paintings, and literary productions, to suit the diversified taste of
+the company.
+
+Eustace describes these _Thermæ_ at some length:--"Repassing the
+Aventine Hill, we came to the baths of Antoninus Caracalla, that occupy
+part of its declivity, and a considerable portion of the plain between
+it and Mons Cæliolus and Mons Cælius. The length of the _Thermæ_
+was 1,840 feet; breadth, 1,476. At each end were two temples, one to
+Apollo and another to Esculapius, as the tutelary deities of a place
+sacred to the improvement of the mind, and the health of the body. In
+the principal building were, in the first place, a grand circular
+vestibule, with four halls on each side, for cold, tepid, warm, and
+steam baths;[9] in the centre was an immense square for exercise, when
+the weather was unfavourable to it in the open air; beyond it a great
+hall, where _one thousand six hundred seats of marble_ were placed
+for the convenience of the bathers; at each end of this hall were
+libraries. The stucco and paintings, though faintly indeed, are yet in
+many places perceptible. Pillars have been dug up, and some still remain
+amidst the ruins; while the Farnesian Bull and the famous Hercules,
+found in one of these halls announce the multiplicity and beauty of the
+statues which once adorned the Thermae of Caracalla."
+
+Before they commenced bathing in the _Thermæ_, the Romans anointed
+themselves with oil, in a room especially appropriated to the purpose;
+and oil was again applied, with the addition of perfumes, on quitting
+the bath. In a painting which has been engraved from one of the walls
+in the baths of Titus, the room is represented filled with a number
+of vases, and somewhat resembles an apothecary's shop. These vases
+contained a variety of balsamic and oleaceous compositions for the
+anointment, which, when ultimately performed, prepared the bathers for
+the _sphæristerium_, in which various amusements and exercises were
+enjoyed. The subsequent operation of scraping the body with the strigil
+has given way to a mode of freeing the body from perspiration and all
+extraneous matter, by a sort of bag or glove of camel's hair, which is
+used in Turkey; while flannel and brushes are substituted in other
+parts.
+
+The vapour-baths now used in Russia resemble very much those among the
+ancient Romans. These are generally rudely built of wood, over an oven,
+and the bathers receive the vapour at the requisite heat, reclining on
+wooden benches,--while, more powerfully to excite perspiration, they
+whip their bodies with birch boughs, and also use powerful friction.
+They then wash themselves; and, as these vapour-baths are often
+constructed on the banks of a river, throw themselves from the land
+into the water; or sometimes, by way of variety, plunge into snow, and
+roll themselves therein. This violent exercise and sudden transition
+of temperature is almost overpowering to persons unhabituated to the
+custom, and will oftentimes produce fainting,--though the patient, on
+recovering, finds himself refreshed, and experiences a delightful sense
+of mental, as well as bodily, vigour and energy. The enervating effects
+of the extreme luxury and refinement practised in the Greek and Roman
+baths are obviated in the Russian mode: to which may partly be ascribed
+the power which the latter people have in undergoing fatigue and the
+various hardships of their rigorous climate. Tooke says that without
+doubt the Russians owe their longevity, robust health, their little
+disposition to fatal complaints, and, above all, their happy and
+cheerful temper, mostly to these vapour-baths. Lewis and Clarke, in
+their voyage up the Missouri, have noticed the use of the vapour-bath in
+a somewhat similar contrivance to the Russians among the savage tribes
+of America;--so it appears that this effectual promoter of cleanliness
+is one of the most simple, original, and natural, that can be employed
+for that paramount duty.
+
+C.R.S.
+
+    [7] Culverwell on Bathing.
+
+    [8] [Greek: thermai]--hot springs.
+
+    [9] These baths, impregnated with medicinal herbs, and other
+        preparations, are at the present day gaining great repute for
+        the cure of cutaneous diseases, and other complaints.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+The Sketch Book.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RECOLLECTIONS OF A WANDERER.
+
+_An Incident on the Coast._
+
+
+Towards the close of an afternoon in the dreary month of December, a
+small vessel was descried in the offing, from the pier of a romantic
+little hamlet on the coast of ----. The pier was this evening nearly
+deserted by those bold spirits, who, when sea and sky conspire to frown
+together, loved to resort there to while away their idle hours. Only a
+few "out-and-outers" were now to be seen at their accustomed station,
+defying the rough buffetings of the blast, which on more tender faces
+might have acted almost with the keenness of a razor. Though the evening
+certainly looked wild and stormy to an unpractised eye, still to those
+who "gauge the weather" it was unaccompanied with those unerring
+symptoms which usually usher in a gale. However, the appearance of the
+night was so uninviting, as to have induced the local craft to run some
+time before along shore for shelter; and the movements of the strange
+vessel were consequently a matter of speculation to those on land. There
+is something to our minds exceedingly interesting in a solitary vessel
+at sea--it is a point on which you may hinge your attention--a living
+thing on the desert-bosom of the main. For sometime her movements were
+apparently very undecided, but though the weather seemed to be looking
+up, she suddenly put about helm, and ran without further wavering right
+for the shelter held out at Lanport. In less than twenty minutes she was
+safe alongside the pier. She was one of the larger class of fishing
+vessels and was well manned. The attention of the bystanders was now
+directed to an individual who seemed to be a passenger, and who
+immediately landed after conversing for a short while with the master.
+The gentleman brought ashore an immoderately large carpet-bag, and
+forthwith marched for the chief street of Lanport. When we say chief,
+we, perhaps, ought to add that it was the only assemblage of buildings
+in the village, which by the comparative uniformity of their
+arrangement, could lay claim to such a title. On reaching the foot of
+the declivity, the traveller, who was evidently much jaded with his
+marine excursion, espied with symptoms of satisfaction, the antiquated
+sign-post of an "hostelrie" swinging before him in the breeze. Without
+further investigation, but with "wandering steps and slow," he
+decided on taking up his quarters at the "Mermaid Inn and Tavern, by
+Judith, (or Judy as she was called by some) Teague." This determination
+of the traveller would, however, have turned out to be "Hobson's choice"
+had his eyes wandered in quest of a rival establishment, for here Mrs.
+Judy Teague reigned supreme amongst "licensed victuallers," no rival
+having hitherto been found bold enough to enter the field against her.
+The leisurely advance of the traveller up the street, had given all the
+old gossips and that numerous class who esteem other people's business
+of infinitely greater consequence than their own, full opportunity to
+remark on his dress and appearance; in which as faithful chroniclers we
+have not gathered that there was anything remarkable--save and except
+the enormous carpet-bag aforesaid, about which its owner seemed as
+solicitous as the traveller in Rob Roy. A stranger was, at the period
+we are describing, a _rara avis in terris_ indeed at Lanport; and it
+may be conceived that the news of this arrival was discussed round every
+hearth in the place within half an hour at the utmost. Mrs. Teague is
+recorded to have advanced to the door with unwonted rapidity (bearing
+in mind that she had halted a little since she was on the wrong side of
+forty, from a rheumatic affection,) to meet such an "iligant-looking
+guest;" and certain it is that he had not been two hours in the house,
+before it was evident that both parties were on an excellent footing
+together. The old lady was seen to come from the best--the parlour we
+mean to say--of the Mermaid, with very unusual symptoms of good humour
+on her countenance, considering (as Betsy the "maid of all work"
+whispered to "Jack Ostler,") that her visage had generally a "vinegar
+cruet" association; though we would not take upon ourselves to assert
+that brandy had not a greater share in its composition.
+
+The strange gentleman continued in close occupation of the parlour
+during the entire evening. The mysterious carpet bag was secured in an
+upper room, and its owner chased away the damps and cold of the season
+by unusually liberal potations; in short, Mrs. Judith declared to the
+numerous party of customers who had assembled from chance or curiosity
+on her hearth, that he was the most liberal gentleman that had ever
+crossed her threshold in the way of business, since Julius O'Brien
+(commonly called the tippling exciseman,) had unexpectedly departed this
+life by mistaking the steep staircase of the Mermaid for a single step,
+one night when his brain was more than usually beclouded. The arrival of
+the stranger, however, had nearly caused a schism between the hostess
+and her leading customers; for the former had whilst he honoured the
+Mermaid with his presence, engaged the parlour for his exclusive
+accommodation--an arrangement contrary to all the rules of Lanport
+etiquette; and he might have experienced rather a rude reception had not
+Mrs. Judy given up her _sanctum sanctorum_ for the temporary use of
+the "elect."
+
+Next day, the morning had passed away, nay, the sun was fast careering
+towards the western horizon, and yet the stranger exhibited no
+inclination to explore the locality of Lanport. Night at last set in,
+but still he remained in close quarters as before.
+
+This appeared the more strange, as the situation of Lanport was
+singularly wild and interesting. The prospect from the wooded and rocky
+heights of the coast was of great and commanding beauty; and the inland
+view presented many scenes and objects highly calculated to invite the
+attention of the lover of nature or the curious traveller. It was
+evident that the stranger was deficient in both these points.
+
+The history of the next day closely corresponded with that of the
+preceding. There he sat. That night there was again a strong muster
+around the capacious hearth of the Mermaid. If the stranger was
+deficient in that inherent passion of the human mind--curiosity--not so
+the villagers. But one sentiment seemed to pervade the assembled party,
+and that may be summed up in the words "Who _is_ he?" An echo
+responded "Who _is_ he?" Conjecture was literally at a fault. His
+very appearance was unknown to all except the fortunate few that had
+beheld him in his march from the pier; the fishing boat had put to
+sea before any one thought of making inquiry as to the freight it
+had delivered, but every one agreed that there was something of an
+extraordinary character about the said freight. Ever and anon the
+parlour door opened, and a lusty ring of the hand-bell summoned the
+hostess into that now mysterious room: and the volley of questions which
+assailed her on her return were enough to overturn the very moderate
+stock of patience which she possessed, had it been centupled. She
+declared that "the jintleman was like other jintlemen, and barring that
+he seemed the b'y for the brandy," she saw nothing amiss in him. In the
+midst of this excitement in walked the officer commanding the preventive
+service of the district. He was soon closeted in the _sanctum_,
+and after a due discussion of the singular proceedings of the stranger,
+on the part of each member of the Lanport smoking club, the worthy
+lieutenant declared "it was not only d----d odd, but very suspicious;"
+and that he would beard the foe who had so unceremoniously taken
+possession of their own proper apartment, face to face, even though
+he should turn out to be Beelzebub, in _propriâ personâ_. This
+determination was received with a vast and simultaneous puff of
+exultation from every pipe in the room, so that the cloud was for a
+short space so great as completely to envelope the ample proportions
+of Mrs. Judy Teague, who had been an unnoticed witness of this bold
+proposal. The lieutenant was striding onwards in full career towards the
+parlour, which lay at the opposite side of the intervening kitchen, when
+he somewhat roughly encountered the fair form of Mrs. Teague, which was
+extended halfway through the doorcase with a view to prevent his egress.
+
+"Och! murder, Lafetennant ----, and is this the way you'd be sarving a
+lone woman, and she a widow these twelve year agon, since Michael
+Tague's (Heaven rest his sowl!) been laid aneath the turf!"
+
+The lieutenant apologized for the rather unceremonious way in which he
+had run foul of Mrs. Teague.
+
+"Och! Lafetennant," she responded, "its not that _agra_! (here she
+gave a twinge) that Judy Tague would ever spake of from the like of
+you--but its against your goin' and insulting the jintl'm in the parlour
+that I was spaking of--and a _rale_ jintl'm he is, I'll be bail."
+
+But it was all of no avail. After holding forth for several minutes, now
+at the top of her voice, now in a beseeching whine--the lieutenant again
+got under weigh, and soon reached the parlour door; which after giving
+a slight tap, he entered fully prepared to take its inmate by storm.
+But, lo! he had vanished! It appeared impossible that any portion of the
+previous conversation could have been wafted to his ears, but certain it
+was, that in place of a living occupant of flesh and blood, nothing but
+the wavering shadow of an ancient high-backed chair near the fire--which
+cast a faint and uncertain light through the apartment--met the eyes
+of the angry lieutenant. A heavy step overhead announced that he had
+just retired to his sleeping-room. Thus was the now greatly increased
+curiosity of the smoking club doomed to receive an unexpected check. The
+stranger was evidently no ordinary person--the conversation gradually
+sank away--and more than one individual of the company started in the
+course of the evening as the wind now wailed with a strange unearthly
+sound up the silent street, and now blew in violent gusts which made the
+old house creak and groan to its very foundations. Our gallant friend,
+the lieutenant, was perhaps the only individual absolutely unmoved in
+the party; and his proposal to retake possession of the parlour met with
+a general negative. Nettled at this, he declared that another sun should
+not go down over his head, without obtaining some satisfactory account
+of this mysterious visitant.
+
+The third day came, and with it a partial change in the conduct of the
+stranger. He appeared to have in some measure shaken off his indolence,
+and sallied forth betimes in the morning, apparently to examine the
+beauties of the coast, towards the rocky wilds of which he was seen to
+wend his way. About noon he again returned to the Mermaid. This conduct
+partially disarmed the suspicion which had been excited; however it was
+agreed that though nothing had hitherto occurred which could authorize
+any direct interference with his movements, yet that a watch should be
+kept over them for the present.
+
+The afternoon threatened to turn out stormy. Vast masses of clouds were
+continually driven across the sky: and the increasing agitation and deep
+furrows of the ocean foretold a night fraught with peril and disaster
+to the seaman. Drear December seemed about to assume his wildest garb.
+This day of the week always brought the county paper. A solitary copy
+of this journal was taken by Mrs. Teague, and it formed the sole channel
+(alas! for the march of intellect,) by which the smoking club and other
+worthies of Lanport were enlightened on the sayings and doings of the
+great world. It must not be inferred from this that the demon of
+politics was unknown in this retired spot; on the contrary, the arrival
+of the ---- Journal, was looked for with the utmost impatience from week
+to week; and as long as its tattered folio hung together, its contents
+formed a never ending subject of conversation. On the day of its
+arrival, therefore, the "club" invariably met many hours before their
+wonted time, to discuss politics and pigtail, revolutions and small
+beer.
+
+This circumstance, and the state of the weather, had drawn a numerous
+party around the hearth at the Mermaid. The delay which took place
+in the arrival of the newspaper seemed unusual; the "spokesman" had
+cleared his throat, the pipes had long been lit, but still it was not
+forthcoming. Mrs. Teague at last announced that it was engaged by the
+"jintleman in the parlour." The patience of the party lasted half an
+hour longer, when the clamorous calls for news dictated the step of
+sending a message to the stranger. It met with an ungracious reception.
+At this moment some one came in with the intelligence that a suspicious
+looking craft was hovering off the coast, and that the lieutenant (whose
+absence was thus accounted for) was about to put off in his galley to
+bring her to and overhaul her.
+
+A second and a third message to the parlour having met with the same
+success as the first, the ire of all began to rise, and after a
+clamorous discussion it was at last resolved, (it was now broad
+daylight,) that they should go in a body and storm the enemy's quarters.
+The room was situated at the other end of the house, and thither they
+proceeded, after a few preliminary difficulties had been arranged as to
+who should first lead the way. But if the lieutenant had been astonished
+at the disappearance of the stranger the preceding night, much greater
+was the surprise evinced on the present occasion on finding the room
+again tenantless. It had evidently only just been vacated; but what
+created the greatest sensation was the discovery of the smoking remains
+of the ---- Journal, on the hood of the fireplace! Every one crowded
+around, and presently intelligence was brought that the stranger,
+carrying his enormous carpet bag had been seen walking at a great speed
+towards Shorne Cove, a retired little spot within a short distance of
+the harbour. As is often the case on such occasions, several minutes
+elapsed before any plan was determined upon, but some one at last wisely
+suggested that if he was to be pursued, no time ought to be lost. The
+appearance of the strange vessel on the coast, and the day's occurrence,
+were connected together, as they hurried onwards in the pursuit; but
+when they arrived at the seashore, the mysterious man and his carpet bag
+were no longer visible, unless a large boat which was pulling out to sea
+as fast as wind and tide would permit, gave a clue to his invisibility.
+Every eye was now cast out for the strange sail.
+
+About a mile from the pier-head, a large lugger under a press of canvass
+was seen coming down the wind, with the galley in close pursuit. From
+the freshness of the wind and the quantity of sail she was able to
+carry, it was evident that the king's boat had little chance with her.
+As the chase came careering along, dropping the galley rapidly astern,
+the interest hinged on the apparent connexion between her and the boat
+which had just left Shorne Cove with its unknown freight. From their
+relative situations it was evident she must bring to for a short space
+if she intended to pick up the fugitive; and this delay might possibly
+enable the galley to draw her. For a few minutes the scene was one of
+exciting interest. The lugger broached to as had been anticipated, and
+she had scarcely shipped the strange boat's crew, when the galley
+pitching bows under was close in her wake. But it was too late. The
+lugger had no sooner paid off, so as to get the wind again abaft the
+beam, than she rapidly got way on her, and the wind continuing to
+freshen, in half an hour she was all but hull down.
+
+The night passed not over the heads of the good folks of Lanport,
+without numberless recriminations on the stupidity which had been
+displayed in not arresting the stranger before it was too late; and
+the ferment was not lessened on the arrival of another copy of the
+---- Journal, which contained a paragraph headed with the glittering
+words, "ONE THOUSAND POUNDS REWARD."
+
+VYVYAN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Spirit of Discovery.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE ISLAND OF ROTUMA.[10]
+
+
+    "A new Cythera emerges from the bosom of the enchanted wave. An
+    amphitheatre of verdure rises to our view; tufted groves mingle
+    their foliage with the brilliant enamel of meadows; an eternal
+    spring, combining with an eternal autumn, displays the opening
+    blossoms along with the ripened fruit."--_Maltebrun._
+
+
+[Illustration: The Island of Rotuma.]
+
+
+This is one of the beautiful islands of Polynesia, in the South
+Pacific Ocean. It was discovered in the year 1791, and has been since
+occasionally visited by English and American whalers, and a few other
+ships, for the purpose of procuring water and a supply of vegetable
+productions, with which it abounds. It is situated in latitude 12° 30'
+south, and longitude 177° east, and is distant about 260 miles from the
+nearest island of the Fidji group. It is of a moderate height, densely
+wooded, and abounding in cocoa-nut trees, and is about from thirty
+to thirty-five miles in circumference. Its general appearance is
+beautifully picturesque, verdant hills gradually rising from the sandy
+beach, giving it a highly fertile appearance. It is surrounded by
+extensive reefs, on which at low water the natives may be seen busily
+engaged in procuring shell and other fish, which are abundantly produced
+on them, and constitute one of their articles of daily food. At night,
+they fish by torch-light, lighting fires on the beach, by which the fish
+are attracted to the reefs. The torches are formed of the dried spathe
+or fronds of the cocoa-nut tree, and enable them to see the fish, which
+they take with hand-nets. It is by these lights that the fish are
+attracted, but not so in the opinion of the natives, who say, "they
+come to the reef at night to eat, then sleep, and leave again in the
+morning."
+
+[Mr. George Bennett, in his account of his recent visit, says:--]
+
+We made this island on the 21st of February, 1830: it bore west by
+south-half-south, about twenty-five miles distant; at 11 A.M. when close
+in, standing for the anchorage, we were boarded by several natives, who
+came off in their canoes, and surprised us by their acquaintance with
+the English language; this it seems they had acquired from their
+occasional intercourse with shipping, but principally from the European
+seamen, who had deserted from their ships and were residing on the
+island in savage luxury and indolence. When at anchor, the extremes of
+the land bore from east by north to west by compass. An island rather
+high, quoin shaped, and inhabited, situated at a short distance from the
+main land, (between which there is a passage for a large ship,) was at
+some distance from our present anchorage, and bore west-half-north by
+compass; it was named Ouer by the natives. Close to us were two rather
+high islands, or islets, of small extent, planted with cocoa-nut trees,
+and almost connected together by rocks, and to the main land by a reef;
+they shelter the bay from easterly winds. Their bearings are as
+follow:--the first centre bore east-half-north; the second centre bore
+east-half-south, extreme of the main land east-south-east by compass.
+One of the chiefs, on our anchoring, addressing the Commander made the
+following very _humane_ observation, "If Rótuma man steal, to make
+hang up immediately." Had this request been complied with, there would
+have been a great depopulation during our stay, and it is not improbable
+that a few chiefs might have felt its effects.
+
+On a second visit to this island in March, 1830, we anchored in a fine
+picturesque bay, situated on the west side of the island, named Thor, in
+fourteen fathoms, sand and coral bottom, about three miles distant from
+the centre. A reef extends out some distance from the beach at this bay,
+almost dry at low water, and with much surf at the entrance, from which
+cause the procuring of wood and water is attended with more difficulty
+than at Onhaf Bay.
+
+On landing, the beautiful appearance of the island was rather increased
+than diminished; vegetation appeared most luxuriant, and the trees and
+shrubs blooming with various tints, spread a gaiety around; the clean
+and neat native houses were intermingled with the waving plumes of the
+cocoa-nut, the broad spreading plantain, and other trees peculiar to
+tropical climes. That magnificent tree the callophyllum inophyllum, or
+fifau of the natives, was not less abundant, displaying its shining,
+dark, green foliage, contrasted by beautiful clusters of white flowers
+teeming with fragrance. This tree seemed a favourite with the natives,
+on account of its shade, fragrance, and ornamental appearance of the
+flowers. When I extended my rambles more inland, through narrow and
+sometimes rugged pathways, the luxuriance of vegetation did not
+decrease, but the lofty trees, overshadowing the road, defended the
+pedestrian from the effects of a fervent sun, rendering the walk under
+their umbrageous covering cool and pleasant. The gay flowers of the
+hibiscus tiliaceus, as well as the splendid huth or Barringtonia
+speciosa, covered with its beautiful flowers, the petals of which are
+white, and the edges of the stamina delicately tinged with pink, give
+to the trees when in full bloom a magnificent appearance; the hibiscus
+rosa-chinensis, or kowa of the natives also grows in luxuriance and
+beauty. The elegant flowers of these trees, with others of more humble
+and less beautiful tints, everywhere meet the eye near the paths,
+occasionally varied by plantations of the ahan or taro, arum esculentum,
+which, from a deficiency of irrigation, is generally of the mountain
+variety. Of the sugar-cane they possess several varieties, and it is
+eaten in the raw state; a small variety of yam, more commonly known by
+the name of the Rótuma potato, the ulé of the natives, is very abundant;
+the ulu or bread-fruit, pori or plantain and the vi, (spondias dulcis,
+Parkinson,) or, Brazilian plum, with numerous other kinds, sufficiently
+testify the fertility of the island. Occasionally the mournful toa or
+casuarina equisetifolia, planted in small clumps near the villages or
+surrounding the burial-places, added beauty to the landscape.
+
+The native houses are very neat; they are formed of poles and logs, the
+roof being covered with the leaves of a species of sagus palm, named
+hoat by the natives, and highly valued by them for that purpose on
+account of their durability; the sides are covered with the plaited
+sections of the cocoa-nut branches, which form excellent coverings.
+
+The natives are a fine-looking and well-formed people; they are of good
+dispositions, but are much addicted to thieving, which seems indeed to
+be a national propensity; they are of a light copper colour, and the
+men wear the hair long and stained at the extremities of a reddish
+brown colour; sometimes they tie the hair in a knot behind, but the
+most prevailing custom is to permit it to hang over the shoulders. The
+females may be termed handsome, of fine forms, and although possessing
+a modest demeanour, flocked on board in numbers on the ship's arrival.
+The women before marriage have the hair cut close and covered with the
+shoroi, which is burnt coral mixed with the gum of the bread-fruit tree;
+this is removed after marriage and their hair is permitted to grow long,
+but on the death of a chief or their parents it is cut close as a badge
+of mourning. Both sexes paint themselves with a mixture of the root of
+the turmeric plant (curcuma longa) and cocoa-nut oil, which frequently
+changed our clothes and persons of an icteroid hue, from _our_
+curiosity to mingle with them in the villages--_theirs_ to come on
+board the ship.
+
+On visiting the king, who resided at the village of Fangwot, we found
+him a well-formed and handsome man, apparently about thirty years of
+age; the upper part of his body was thickly covered with the Rang, or
+paint of turmeric and oil, which had been recently laid on in honour
+of the visit from the strangers. There was somewhat of novelty, but
+little of "regal magnificence" in our reception. In the open air, under
+the wide-spreading branches of their favourite Fifau, (Callophyllum
+Inophyllum) sat his Majesty squatted on the ground, and surrounded by a
+crowd of his subjects. The introduction was equally unostentatious; one
+of the natives who had accompanied us from the ship, pointing towards
+him, said, in tolerably pronounced English, "That the king." His Majesty
+not being himself acquainted with our language, one of his attendants,
+who spoke it with considerable fluency, acted as interpreter. After some
+common-place questions, such as where the ship came from, where bound
+to, what provisions we stood in need of, &c., we adjourned to the royal
+habitation, which differed in no respect from the other native houses.
+Yams, bread-fruit, and fish, wrapped in the plantain leaves in which
+they had been cooked, were here placed before us, with cocoa-nut water
+for our beverage; plantain leaves serving also as plates.
+
+The chiefs are elected kings in rotation, and the royal office is
+held for six months, but by the consent of the other chiefs, it may be
+retained by the same chief for two or three years. The royal title is
+Sho: the king to whom we had been introduced, as a chief, is named Mora.
+We had an interview also with the former king, named Riemko; he is a
+chief of high rank, and a very intelligent man: he spoke the English
+language with much correctness. Being naturally of an inquisitive
+disposition, and possessing an exceedingly retentive memory, he had
+acquired much information; this he displayed by detailing to us many
+facts connected with the history of Napoleon Buonaparte, Wellington,
+&c., which had been related to him by various European visiters, and
+which he appeared to retain to the most minute particulars. He surprised
+us by inquiring if we resided in "Russell-square, London?"
+
+An innate love of roaming seems to exist among these people; they
+set sail without any fixed purpose in one of their large canoes:
+few ever return, some probably perish, others drift on islands either
+uninhabited, or if inhabited, they mingle with the natives, and tend to
+produce those varieties of the human race which are so observable in the
+Polynesian Archipelago. I frequently asked those of Rótuma what object
+they had in leaving their fertile island to risk the perils of the deep?
+the reply invariably was, "Rótuma man want to see new land:" they thus
+run before the wind until they fall in with some island, or perish in
+a storm. Cook and others relate numerous instances of this kind.
+
+As an evidence of the great desire of the natives of both sexes to
+leave their native land, I may mention the offers which were made to the
+commander of the ship, of baskets of potatoes and hogs, as an inducement
+to be carried to the island of Erromanga, where our vessel was next
+bound to. Two hundred were taken on board for the purpose of cutting
+Sandal wood, but from the unhealthy state in which we found the island
+on our arrival, and the numerous deaths that had occurred among native
+gangs that had been brought by other vessels for a similar purpose, we
+returned to Rótuma and landed them all safely. The perfect apathy with
+which they leave parents and connexions, departing with strangers to a
+place respecting which they are in total ignorance, is quite surprising,
+placing an unbounded confidence in those differing in colour, language,
+and customs from themselves: the young, timid females, to whom a ship
+was a novelty, those who had never before seen a ship, were all anxious
+to visit foreign climes,--even, they said, London.
+
+Much wonder was excited, when I exhibited to the natives of this island
+coloured engravings of flowers, birds, butterflies, &c.; they imagined
+them to be the original plant or butterfly attached to the paper--no
+mean compliment to the artist. The engravings in Charles Bell's
+Anatomy of Expression always excited much interest when shown to the
+Polynesians; the plate representing Laughter never failed of exciting
+sympathy. A caricature representation of one of the fashionable belles
+of 1828 puzzled them exceedingly; some thought it "a bird," others that
+it was a nondescript of some kind, but when they were told that it was a
+Haina London, or English lady, they laughed, and said Parora, "you are
+in joke," so incredible did it seem to their unsophisticated minds.[11]
+
+    [10] From a drawing, obligingly furnished by Mr. George Bennett,
+         Member of the Royal College of Surgeons in London, &c.
+
+    [11] Abridged from the _United Service Journal_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MOUNT ARARAT.
+
+
+A short time since there were given in the _St. Petersburgh Academical
+Journal_ some authentic particulars of Professor Parrot's journey to
+Mount Ararat. After being baffled in repeated attempts, he at length
+succeeded in overcoming the obstacles which beset him, and ascertained
+the positive elevation of its peak to be 16,200 French feet: it is,
+therefore, more than 1,500 feet loftier than Mount Blanc. He describes
+the summit as being a circular plane, about 160 feet in circumference,
+joined by a gentle descent, with a second and less elevated one towards
+the east. The whole of the upper region of the mountain, from the height
+of 12,750 English feet, being covered with perpetual snow and ice. He
+afterwards ascended what is termed "The Little Ararat," and reports it
+to be about 13,100 English feet high.--W.G.C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SAILING UP THE ESSEQUIBO.
+
+(_Concluded from page 360._)
+
+
+A family of Indians was seen crossing the river in their log canoe, and
+disappearing under the bushes on the opposite side; my companion and
+myself paddled after them, and we landed under some locust trees, and
+found an Indian settlement. The logies were sheds, open all round, and
+covered with the leaves of the trooly-palm, some of them twenty-four
+feet long; and suspended from the bamboo timbers of the roof were
+hammocks of net-work, in which the men were lazily swinging. One or two
+of those who were awake were fashioning arrow-heads out of hard wood.
+The men and children were entirely naked, with the exception of the blue
+_lap_ or cloth for the loins; the women in their blue petticoat and
+braided hair were scraping the root of the cassava tree into a trough of
+bark; it was then put into a long press of matting, which expresses the
+poisonous juice; the dry farina is finally baked on an iron plate. The
+old women were weaving the square coëoo or _lap_ of beads, which
+they sometimes wear without a petticoat; also armlets and ankle
+ornaments of beads. Some were fabricating earthen pots, and all the
+females seemed actively employed. They offered us a red liquor, called
+_caseeree_, prepared from the sweet potato; also _piwarry_,
+the intoxicating beverage made by chewing the cassava, and allowing it
+to ferment. At their _piwarry_ feasts the Indians prepare a small
+canoe full of this liquor, beside which the entertainers and their
+guests roll together drunk for two or three days. Their helpmates look
+after them, and keep them from being suffocated with the sand getting
+into their mouths: but _piwarry_ is a harmless liquor, that is to
+say, it does not produce the disease and baneful effects of spirits, for
+after a sleep the Indians rise fresh and well, and only occasionally
+indulge in a debauch of this kind. Fish, which the men had shot with
+their arrows, and birds, were brought out of the canoe, and barbacoted
+or smoke-dried on a grating of bamboos over a fire; and we followed an
+old man with a cutlass to their small fields of cassava, cleared by
+girdling and burning a part of the forest behind the logies. These
+Indians were of the Arrawak nation; we afterwards saw Caribs, Accaways,
+&c.
+
+The rivers and creeks, and the whole of the interior of British Guiana
+at a distance from the sea, are unknown and unexplored. October and
+November are the driest months in the year, and the best for expeditions
+into the interior. I was unable to go as far up the river as I wished,
+from the great freshes; the rain fell every day, yet I penetrated in all
+directions as far as I could, and I trust to be able, at some more
+favourable season, to return to that interesting country.
+
+Two years ago, a Mr. Smith, a mercantile man from Caraccas, was joined
+at George Town by a Lieutenant Gullifer, R.N. They proceeded down the
+Pomeroon river, then up the Wyeena creek, travelled across to the
+Coioony, sailed down it, and then went up the Essequibo to the Rio
+Negro, which, it appears, connects the Amazons and Oroonoco rivers.
+At Bara, on the Rio Negro, Mr. Smith, from sitting so long cramped up
+in coorials or canoes, became affected with dropsy; and allowing himself
+to be tapped by an ignorant quack, died after a fortnight's illness.
+Lieutenant Gullifer sailed down the Rio Negro to the Amazons, and
+remained at Para for some months, till he heard from England. From
+domestic details he received at Para, he fell into low spirits, and
+proceeded to Trinidad, where, one morning, he was found suspended to
+a beam under the steeple of the Protestant church! His papers, and
+Mr. Smith's, consisting of journals of their travels, were sent to a
+brother of Lieutenant Gullifer's, on the Marocco coast of Essequibo,
+where I went and saw the papers, and was most anxious to obtain them for
+the Geographical Society; but Mr. Gullifer said that he must consult
+first with the other relatives.
+
+Among other interesting details I found in the notes, I may mention
+the following:--High up the Essequibo they fell in with a nation of
+anthropophagi, of the Carib tribe. The chief received the travellers
+courteously, and placed before them fish with savoury sauce; which being
+removed, two human hands were brought in, and a steak of human flesh!
+The travellers thought that this might be part of a baboon of a new
+species; however, they declined the invitation to partake, saying that,
+in travelling, they were not allowed to eat animal food. The chief
+picked the bones of the hands with excellent appetite, and asked them
+how they had relished the fruit and the sauce. They replied that the
+fish was good and the sauce excellent. To which he answered, "Human
+flesh makes the best sauce for any food; these hands and the fish were
+all dressed together. You see these Macooshee men, our slaves; we lately
+captured these people in war, and their wives we eat from time to time."
+The travellers were horrified, but concealed their feelings, and before
+they retired for the night, they remarked that the Macooshee females
+were confined in a large logie, or shed, surrounded with a stockade of
+bamboos; so that, daily the fathers, husbands, and brothers of these
+unfortunate women, saw them brought out, knocked on the head, and
+devoured by the inhuman cannibals. Lieutenant Gullifer, who was _in
+bad condition_, got into his hammock and slept soundly; but Mr.
+Smith, being in excellent case, walked about all night, fearing that
+their landlord might take a fancy to a steak of white meat. They
+afterwards visited a cave, in which was a pool of water; the Indians
+requested them not to bathe in this, for if they did, they would die
+before the year was out. They laughed at their monitors and bathed; but
+sure enough were both "clods of the valley" before the twelvemonth had
+expired.--_Journal of the Geographical Society_, Part 2.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Fine Arts.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CELEBRATED PAINTERS BORN AT ANTWERP.
+
+
+Alexander Adriansen, born 1625, excelled in Fruit, Flowers, Fish, and
+Still Life; John Asselyn, 1610, Landscapes and Battles; Jacques Backer,
+1530, History; Francis Badens, 1571, History and Portraits; Hendrick Van
+Balen, 1560, History and Portraits; John Van Balen, 1611, History,
+Landscapes, and Boys; Cornelius Biskop, 1630, Portraits and History;
+John Francis Van Bloemen, called Orizzonte, 1656, Landscape; Peter Van
+Bloemen, Battles, Encampments, and Italian Markets; Norbert Van Bloemen,
+1672, Portraits and Conversations; Balthasar Vanden Bosch, 1675,
+Conversations and Portraits; Peter Van Breda, 1630, Landscapes and
+Cattle; John Van Breda, 1683, History, Landscapes, and Conversations;
+Charles Breydel, called Cavalier, 1677, Landscapes; Francis Breydel,
+1679, Portraits and Conversations; Paul Bril, 1554, Landscapes, large
+and small; Elias Vanden Broek, 1657, Flowers, Fruit, and Serpents;
+Abraham Brueghel, called the Neapolitan, 1692, Fruit and Flowers; Denis
+Calvart, 1555, History and Landscapes; Joseph, or Joas Van Cleef,
+History and Portraits; Henry and Martin Van Cleef, brothers, Henry
+painted Landscapes, and Martin History; Giles Corgnet, called Giles of
+Antwerp, 1530, History, grotesque; Egidius, or Gillies Coningsloo, or
+Conixlo, 1544, Landscapes; Gonzalo Coques, 1618, Portraits and
+Conversations; John Cosiers, 1603, History; Gasper de Crayer, 1585,
+History and Portraits; Jacques Denys, 1645, History and Portraits;
+William Derkye, History; John Baptist Van Deynum, 1620, Portraits in
+Miniature, and History in Water Colours; Peter Eykens, 1599, History;
+Francis Floris, called the Raphael of Flanders, 1520, History; James
+Fouquieres, 1580, Landscapes; Sebastian Franks, or Vranx, 1571,
+Conversations, History, Landscapes, and Battle Pieces; John Baptist
+Franks, or Vranx, 1600, History and Conversations; John Fytt, 1625, Live
+and Dead Animals, Birds, Fruit, Flowers, and Landscapes; William Gabron,
+Still Life; Abraham Genoels, 1640, Landscapes and Portraits; Sir
+Balthasar Gabier, 1592, Portrait in Miniature; Gillemans, 1672, Fruit
+and Still Life; Jacob Grimmer, 1510, Landscapes; Peter Hardime, Fruit
+and Flowers; Minderhout Hobbima, 1611, Landscapes; John Van Hoeck, 1600,
+History and Portraits; Robert Van Hoeck, 1609, Battles; Dirk, or
+Theodore Van Hoogeshaeten, 1596, Landscapes and Still Life; Cornelius
+Huysman, 1648, Landscapes and Animals; Abraham Janssens, 1569, History;
+John Van Kessel, 1626, Flowers, Portraits, Birds, Insects, and Reptiles;
+David De Koning, Animals, Birds, and Flowers; Balthasar Van Lemens,
+1637, History; N. Leyssens, 1661, History; Peter Van Lint, 1609, History
+and Portraits; Godfrey Maes, 1660, History; Quintin Matsys, 1460,
+History and Portraits; John Matsys, son of the above, Portrait and
+History; Minderhout, 1637, Sea Ports and Landscapes; Peter Neefs, the
+old, 1570, Churches, Perspective, and Architecture; William Van
+Nieulant, 1584, Landscapes and Architecture; Adam Van Oort, 1557,
+History, Portraits, and Landscapes; Bonarentine, Peters, 1614, Sea
+Pieces, and particularly Storms; Erasmus Quellinus, 1607, History;
+Jacques de Roore, 1686, History and Conversations; Martin Ryckaert,
+1591, Landscapes, with Architecture and Ruins; David Ryckaert, the
+younger, 1615, Conversations, and Apparitions to St. Anthony; Anthony
+Schoonjans, 1655, History and Portraits; Cornelius Schut, 1600, History;
+Peter Snayers, 1593, History, Battles, &c.; Francis Snyders, 1579,
+Animals, Fruit, Still Life, and Landscapes; David Teniers, 1582,
+Conversations; Sir Anthony Van Dyke, 1599, History and Portraits; Paul
+Vansomer, 1576, Portraits; Lucas Vanuden, 1595, Landscapes; Adrian Van
+Utrecht, 1599, Birds, Fruit, Flowers, and Dead Game; Gasper Peter
+Verbruggen, 1668, Flowers; Simon Verelst, 1664, Fruit, Flowers, and
+Portraits; Verendael, 1659, Fruit and Flowers; Tobias Verhaecht, 1566,
+Landscapes and Architecture; Martin de Vos, 1520, History, Landscape,
+and Portrait; Simon De Vos, 1603, History, Portraits, and Hunting; Lucas
+De Waal, 1591, Battles and Landscapes; Adam Willaerts, 1577, Storms,
+Calms, and Sea Ports; John Wildens, 1584, Landscapes and Figures.
+
+Peter Paul Rubens was of a distinguished family at _Antwerp_; but
+his father being (says Pilkington) under the necessity of quitting his
+country, to avoid the calamities attendant on a civil war, retired for
+security to Cologne; and during his residence in that city Rubens was
+born, in 1577. The day of his nativity was the Feast of St. Peter and
+St. Paul; and thence he received at the baptismal font the names of
+these apostles.
+
+Having been absent from his native country eight years, he was summoned
+home by the repeated illness of his mother; but, though he hastened with
+all speed, he did not reach Antwerp in time to afford his beloved parent
+the consolations of his presence and affections. The loss of her
+affected him deeply; and he intended, when he had arranged his private
+affairs, to go and reside in Italy; but the Archduke Albert and the
+Infanta Isabella exerted their interest to retain him in Flanders, and
+in their service. He consequently established himself at Antwerp, where
+he married his first wife, Elizabeth Brants, and built a magnificent
+house, with a saloon in form of a rotunda, which he enriched with
+antique statues, busts, vases, and pictures, by the most celebrated
+masters; and here, surrounded by works of art, he carried, (says his
+biographer,) into execution those numberless productions of his prolific
+and rich invention, which once adorned his native country, but now are
+become the spoil of war, and the tokens of conquest and ambition,
+shining with equal lustre among super-eminent productions of painting in
+the gallery of the Louvre.
+
+The whole of the paintings, except two, which adorn the gallery of the
+Luxembourg, were executed at Antwerp, by Rubens, for Mary de Medici.
+
+He died in the year 1640, at the age of 63; and was buried, with
+extraordinary pomp, in the church of St. James, at Antwerp, under the
+altar of his private chapel, which he had previously decorated with a
+very fine picture.
+
+P.T.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+The Public Journals.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ADVENTURE WITH A SHARK.
+
+(_Abridged from Tom Cringle's Log, in Blackwood's Magazine._)
+
+
+During the night we stood off and on under easy sail, and next morning,
+when the day broke, with a strong breeze and a fresh shower, we were
+about two miles of the Moro Castle, at the entrance of Santiago de Cuba.
+
+The fresh green shores of this glorious island lay before us, fringed
+with white surf, as the everlasting ocean in its approach to it
+gradually changed its dark blue colour, as the water shoaled, into a
+bright, joyous green under the blazing sun, as if in sympathy with the
+genius of the fair land, before it tumbled at his feet its gently
+swelling billows, in shaking thunders on the reefs and rocky face of the
+coast, against which they were driven up in clouds, the incense of their
+sacrifice. The undulating hills in the vicinity were all either cleared,
+and covered with the greenest verdure that imagination can picture, over
+which strayed large herds of cattle, or with forests of gigantic trees,
+from amongst which, every now and then, peeped out some palm-thatched
+mountain settlement, with its small thread of blue smoke floating up
+into the calm, clear morning air, while the blue hills in the distance
+rose higher and higher, and more and more blue, and dreamy, and
+indistinct, until their rugged summits could not be distinguished from
+the clouds through the glimmering hot haze of the tropics.
+
+A very melancholy accident happened to a poor boy on board, of about
+fifteen years of age, who had already become a great favourite of mine
+from his modest, quiet deportment, as well as of all the
+gunroom-officers, although he had not been above a fortnight in the
+ship. He had let himself down over the bows by the cable to bathe. There
+were several of his comrades standing on the forecastle looking at him,
+and he asked one of them to go out on the spritsail-yard, and look
+round to see if there were any sharks in the neighbourhood; but all
+around was deep, clear, green water. He kept hold of the cable, however,
+and seemed determined not to put himself in harm's way, until a little,
+wicked urchin, who used to wait on the warrant-officers' mess, a small
+meddling snipe of a creature, who got flogged in well behaved weeks
+_only_ once, began to taunt my little mild favourite.
+
+"Why, you chicken-heart, I'll wager a thimbleful of grog, that such a
+tailor as you are in the water can't for the life of you swim but to the
+buoy there."
+
+"Never you mind, Pepperbottom," said the boy, giving the imp the name he
+had richly earned by repeated flagellations. "Never you mind. I am not
+ashamed to show my naked hide, you know. But it is against orders in
+these seas to go overboard, unless with a sail underfoot; so I sha'n't
+run the risk of being tatooed by the boatswain's mate, like some one I
+could tell of."
+
+"Coward," muttered the little wasp, "you are afraid, sir;" and the other
+boys abetting the mischief-maker, the lad was goaded to leave his hold
+of the cable, and strike out for the buoy. He reached it, and then
+turned, and pulled towards the ship again, when he caught my eye.
+
+"Who is that overboard? How dare you, sir, disobey the standing order of
+the ship? Come in, boy; come in."
+
+My hailing the little fellow shoved him off his balance, and he lost his
+presence of mind for a moment or two, during which he, if any thing,
+widened his distance from the ship.
+
+At this instant the lad on the spritsail-yard sung out quick and
+suddenly, "A shark, a shark!"
+
+And the monster, like a silver pillar, suddenly shot up perpendicularly
+from out the dark green depths of the sleeping pool, with the waters
+sparkling and hissing around him, as if he had been a sea-demon rushing
+on his prey.
+
+"Pull for the cable, Louis," shouted fifty voices at once--"pull for the
+cable."
+
+The boy did so--we all ran forward. He reached the cable--grasped it
+with both hands, and hung on, but before he could swing himself out of
+the water, the fierce fish had turned. His whitish-green belly glanced
+in the sun--the poor little fellow gave a heart-splitting yell, which
+was shattered amongst the impending rocks into piercing echoes, and
+these again were reverberated from cavern to cavern, until they died
+away amongst the hollows in the distance, as if they had been the faint
+shrieks of the damned--yet he held fast for a second or two--the
+ravenous tyrant of the sea tug, tugging at him, till the stiff, taught
+cable shook again. At length he was torn from his hold, but did not
+disappear; the animal continuing on the surface crunching his prey with
+his teeth, and digging at him with his jaws, as if trying to gorge a
+morsel too large to be swallowed, and making the water flash up in foam
+over the boats in pursuit, by the powerful strokes of his tail, but
+without ever letting go his hold. The poor lad only cried once more--but
+such a cry--oh, God, I never shall forget it!--and, could it be
+possible, in his last shriek, his piercing expiring cry, his young voice
+seemed to pronounce my name--at least so I thought at the time, and
+others thought so too. The next moment he appeared quite dead. No less
+than three boats had been in the water alongside when the accident
+happend, and they were all on the spot by this time. And there was the
+bleeding and mangled boy, torn along the surface of the water by the
+shark, with the boats in pursuit, leaving a long stream of blood,
+mottled with white specks of fat and marrow in his wake. At length the
+man in the bow of the gig laid hold of him by the arm, another sailor
+caught the other arm, boat-hooks and oars were dug into and launched at
+the monster, who relinquished his prey at last, stripping off the flesh,
+however, from the upper part of the right thigh, until his teeth reached
+the knee, where he nipped the shank clean off, and made sail with the
+leg in his jaws. Poor little Louis never once moved after we took him
+in.--I thought I heard a small, still, stern voice thrill along my
+nerves, as if an echo of the beating of my heart had become articulate.
+"Thomas, a fortnight ago, you impressed that poor boy, who _was_,
+and _now is not_, out of a Bristol ship." Alas, conscience spoke no
+more than the truth.
+
+Our instructions were to lie at St. Jago, until three British ships,
+then loading, were ready for sea, and then to convey them through the
+Caicos, or windward passage. As our stay was therefore likely to be ten
+days or a fortnight at the shortest, the boats were hoisted out, and
+we made our little arrangements and preparations for taking all the
+recreation in our power, and our worthy skipper, taught and stiff as he
+was at sea, always encouraged all kinds of fun and larking, both amongst
+the men and the officers on occasions like the present. Amongst his
+other pleasant qualities, he was a great boat-racer, constantly building
+and altering gigs, and pulling-boats, at his own expense, and matching
+the men against each other for small prizes. He had just finished
+what the old carpenter considered his _chef-d'oeuvre_, and a curious
+affair this same masterpiece was. In the first place it was forty-two
+feet long over all, and only three and a half feet beam--the planking
+was not much above an eighth of an inch in thickness, so that if one
+of the crew had slipped his foot off the stretcher, it must have gone
+through the bottom. There was a standing order that no man was to go
+into it with shoes on. She was to pull six oars, and her crew were the
+captains of the tops, the primest seamen in the ship, and the steersman
+no less a character than the skipper himself.
+
+Her name, for I love to be particular, was the Dragon-fly; she was
+painted out and in of a bright red, amounting to a flame colour--oars
+red--the men wearing trousers and shirts of red flannel, and red net
+night caps--which common uniform the captain himself wore, I think I
+have said before, that he was a very handsome man, and when he had taken
+his seat, and the _gigs_, all fine men, were seated each with his oar
+held upright upon his knees ready to be dropped into the water at the
+same instant, the craft and her crew formed to my eye as pretty a
+plaything for grown children as ever was seen. "Give way, men," the
+oars dipped as clean as so many knives, without a sparkle, the gallant
+fellows stretched out, and away shot the Dragon-fly, like an arrow, the
+green water foaming into white smoke at the bows, and hissing away in
+her wake.
+
+She disappeared in a twinkling round a reach of the canal where we were
+anchored, and we, that is the gunroom-officers, all except the second
+lieutenant, who had the watch, and the master, now got into our own gig
+also, rowed by ourselves, and away we all went in a covey; the purser
+and doctor, and three of the middies forward, Thomas Cringle, gent.,
+pulling the stroke oar, with old Moses Yerk as coxswain;--and as
+the Dragon-flies were all red, so we were all sea-green, boat,
+oars, trousers, shirts, and night-caps. The strain was between the
+_Devil's Darning Needle_ and our boat, the _Watersprite_, which was
+making capital play, for although we had not the _bottom_ of the
+_top_men, yet we had more blood, so to speak, and we had already
+beaten them, in their last gig, all to sticks. But the Dragon-fly was
+a new boat, and now in the water for the first time. * * *
+
+We were both of us so intent on our own match, that we lost sight of
+the Spaniard altogether, and the captain and the first lieutenant were
+bobbing in the sternsheets of their respective gigs like a couple of
+_souple Tams_, as intent on the game as if all our lives had
+depended on it, when in an instant the long, black, dirty prow of the
+canoe was thrust in between us, the old Don singing out, "_Dexa mi
+lugar, paysanos, dexa mi lugar, mis hijos._"[12] We kept away right
+and left, to look at the miracle; and there lay the canoe, rumbling and
+splashing, with her crew walloping about, and grinning and yelling like
+incarnate fiends, and as naked as the day they were born, and the old
+Don himself, so staid and sedate, and drawley as he was a minute before,
+now all alive, shouting, "_Tira, diablitos, tira_,"[13] flourishing
+a small paddle, with which he steered, about his head like a wheel, and
+dancing and jumping about in his seat, as if his bottom had been a
+_haggis_ with quicksilver in it.
+
+"Zounds," roared the skipper,--"why, topmen--why gentlemen, give way for
+the honour of the ship--Gentlemen, stretch out--Men, pull like devils;
+twenty pounds if you beat him."
+
+It was now the evening, near night-fall. A splendid scene burst upon
+our view, on rounding a precipitous rock, from the crevices of which
+some magnificent trees shot up--their gnarled trunks and twisted
+branches overhanging the canal where we were pulling, and anticipating
+the fast falling darkness that was creeping over the fair face of
+nature; and there we floated, in the deep shadow of the cliff and
+trees--Dragon-flies and Water-sprites, motionless and silent, and the
+boats floating so lightly that they scarcely seemed to touch the water,
+the men resting on their oars, and all of us wrapped with the
+magnificence of the scenery around us, beneath us, and above us.
+
+The left or western bank of the narrow entrance to the harbour, from
+which we were now debouching, ran out in all its precipitousness and
+beauty, (with its dark evergreen bushes overshadowing the deep blue
+waters, and its gigantic trees shooting forth high into the glowing
+western sky, their topmost branches gold-tipped in the flood of radiance
+shed by the rapidly sinking sun, while all below where we lay was grey
+cold shade,) until it joined the northern shore, when it sloped away
+gradually towards the east; the higher parts of the town sparkling in
+the evening sun, on this dun ridge, like a golden tower on the back
+of an elephant, while the houses that were in the shade covered the
+declivity, until it sank down to the water's edge. On the right hand the
+haven opened boldly out into a basin about four miles broad by seven
+long, in which the placid waters spread out beyond the shadow of the
+western bank into one vast sheet of molten gold, with the canoe tearing
+along the shining surface, her side glancing in the sun, and her paddles
+flashing back his rays, and leaving a long train of living fire
+sparkling in her wake.--It was now about six o'clock in the evening; the
+sun had set to us, as we pulled along under the frowning brow of the
+cliff, where the birds were fast settling on their nightly perches, with
+small happy twitterings, and the lizards and numberless other chirping
+things began to send forth their evening hymn to the great Being who
+made them and us, and a solitary white-sailing owl would every now and
+then flit spectrelike from one green tuft, across the bald face of the
+cliff, to another, and the small divers around us were breaking up the
+black surface of the waters into little sparkling circles as they fished
+for their suppers. All was becoming brown and indistinct near us; but
+the level beams of the setting sun still lingered with a golden radiance
+upon the lovely city, and the shipping at anchor before it, making their
+sails, where loosed to dry, glance like leaves of gold, and their spars,
+and masts, and rigging like wires of gold, and gilding their flags,
+which were waving majestically and slow from the peaks in the evening
+breeze; and the Moorish-looking steeples of the churches were yet
+sparkling in the glorious blaze, which was gradually deepening into
+gorgeous crimson, while the large pillars of the cathedral, then
+building on the highest part of the ridge, stood out like brazen
+monuments, softening even as we looked into a Stonehenge of amethysts.
+
+We had not pulled fifty yards, when we heard the distant rattle of the
+muskets of the sentries at the gangways, as they discharged them at
+sundown, and were remarking, as we were rowing leisurely along, upon
+the strange effect produced by the reports, as they were frittered away
+amongst the overhanging cliffs in chattering reverberations, when the
+captain suddenly sung out, "Oars!" All hands lay on them. "Look there,"
+he continued--"There--between the gigs--saw you ever any thing
+like that, gentlemen?" We all leant over; and although the boats,
+from the _way_ they had, were skimming along nearer seven than five
+knots--_there_ lay a large shark; he must have been twelve feet long at
+the shortest, swimming right in the middle, and equi-distant from both,
+and keeping _way_ with us most accurately.
+
+He was distinctly visible, from the strong and vivid phosphorescence
+excited by his rapid motion through the sleeping waters of the dark
+creek, which lit up his jaws, and head, and whole body; his eyes were
+especially luminous, while a long wake of sparkles streamed away astern
+of him from the lashing of his tail. As the boats lost their speed,
+the luminousness of his appearance faded gradually as he shortened
+sail also, until he disappeared altogether. He was then at rest, and
+suspended motionless in the water; and the only thing that indicated
+his proximity, was an occasional sparkle from the motion of a fin. We
+brought the boats nearer together, after pulling a stroke or two, but he
+seemed to sink as we closed, until at last we could merely distinguish
+an indistinct halo far down in the clear black profound. But as we
+separated, and resumed our original position, he again rose near the
+surface; and although the ripple and dip of the oars rendered him
+invisible while we were pulling, yet the moment we again rested on them,
+there was the monster, like a persecuting fiend, once more right between
+us, glaring on us, and apparently watching every motion. It was a
+terrible spectacle, and rendered still more striking by the melancholy
+occurrence of the forenoon. "That's the very identical, damnable
+_baste_ himself, as murthered poor little Louis this morning, yeer
+honour; I knows him from the torn flesh of him under his larboard
+blinker, sir--just where Wiggen's boat hook punished him," quoth the
+Irish captain of the mizzen-top.
+
+"A water-kelpie," murmured another of the Captain's gigs, a Scotchman.
+
+The men were evidently alarmed, "Stretch out, men: never mind the shark.
+He can't jump into the boat surely," said the skipper. "What the deuce
+are you afraid of?"
+
+We arrived within pistol-shot of the ship.
+
+As we approached, the sentry hailed, "Boat, ahoy!"
+
+"Firebrand," sung out the skipper, in reply.
+
+"Man the side--gangway lanterns there," quoth the officer on duty; and
+by the time we were close to, there were two sidesmen over the side with
+the manropes ready stuck out to our grasp, and two boys with lanterns
+above them. We got on deck.
+
+
+    [12] "Leave me room, countrymen--leave me room, my children."
+
+    [13] Equivalent to "Pull, you devils, pull!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+The Gatherer.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+_The Emperor Adrian and the Architect Apollodorus._--When
+Apollodorus was conversing with Trajan on some plans of architecture,
+Adrian interfered, and gave an opinion, which the artist treated with
+contempt. "Go," says he, "and paint gourds" (an amusement which Adrian
+was fond of), "for you are very ignorant of the subject on which we are
+conversing." When Adrian became emperor, the affront was remembered, and
+it prevented Apollodorus from being employed. Nor was the opinion which
+Apollodorus gave with respect to the plans of a sumptuous temple of
+Venus forgotten: viz.--upon seeing the statues sitting, as they were,
+in the temple (which, it seems, wanted much of its due proportion in
+height), he said, "if the goddesses should ever attempt to stand upon
+their feet, they would assuredly break their heads against the ceiling."
+Adrian, meanly jealous and inexcusably revengeful, banished the
+architect, and having caused him to be accused of various crimes, put
+him to death.
+
+P.T.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Juan Rufa said--"There are two classes of persons who are inconsolable,
+the rich on the point of death, and women on the departure of their
+beauty." He said, on another occasion, "that he who defined a compliment
+to be an agreeable falsehood, which serves as a net to catch dupes, was
+not far short of the truth, since the greater part of compliments are
+expressions directly at variance with internal conviction."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Dice are said to have been invented by Palamedes, at the siege of Troy,
+for the amusement of the soldiers.
+
+              *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ANNUALS FOR 1833.
+
+
+The time requisite for the completion of a large and picturesque
+Engraving compels us to defer the Supplement, containing the SPIRIT
+of the ANNUALS, till our next Number.
+
+              *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and published by J. LIMBIRD, 143. Strand, (near Somerset
+House,) London; sold by G.G. BENNIS, 55, Rue Neuve, St. Augustin,
+Paris; CHARLES JUGEL, Francfort; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, No. 579, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE ***
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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
+
+<title>The Mirror of Literature, Vol. XX, No. 579.</title>
+
+  <style type="text/css">
+  <!--
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+  hr                   {width: 50%;}
+  hr.full              {width: 100%;}
+  html>body hr.full    {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;}
+  .note, .footnote     {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;}
+  span.pagenum         {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; font-size: 8pt;}
+  .greek[title]:after{
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+  .poem .stanza        {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;}
+  .poem p              {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;}
+  .poem p.i2           {margin-left: 1em;}
+  .poem p.i4           {margin-left: 2em;}
+  .poem p.i6           {margin-left: 3em;}
+  .poem p.i8           {margin-left: 4em;}
+  .figure              {padding: 1em; margin: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em; margin: auto;}
+  .figure img          {border: none;}
+  -->
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, No. 579, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, No. 579
+       Volume 20, No. 579, December 8, 1832
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: April 4, 2005 [EBook #15536]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+ <hr class="full" />
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page369" name="page369"></a>[pg 369]</span>
+
+  <h1>THE MIRROR<br />
+  OF<br />
+  LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <table width="100%" summary="Banner">
+    <tr>
+      <td align="left"><b>VOL. XX, NO. 579.]</b></td>
+      <td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1832.</b></td>
+      <td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+<div class="figure" style="width: 100%;">
+<a href="images/579-1.png"><img width="100%" src="images/579-1.png"
+alt="Antwerp." /></a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>
+	ANTWERP.
+</h2>
+
+<p>
+This Engraving may prove a welcome pictorial accompaniment to a score
+of plans of "the seat of war," in illustration of the leading topic of
+the day. The view may be relied on for accuracy; it being a transfer of
+the engraving in "Select Views of the Principal Cities of Europe, from
+Original Paintings, by Lieutenant Colonel Batty, F.R.S.<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a>" We have so
+recently described the city, that our present notice must be confined
+to a brief outline.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Antwerp, one of the chief cities of the Netherlands, is situated on the
+river Scheldt, 22 miles north of Brussels, and 65 south of Amsterdam:
+longitude 4° 23' East; latitude 51° 13' North. It is called by Latin
+writers, <i>Antverpia</i>, or <i>Andoverpum</i>; by the Germans, <i>Antorf</i>; by
+the Spanish, <i>Anveres</i>; and by the French, <i>Anvers</i>.<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> The city is of
+great antiquity, and is supposed by some to have existed before the time
+of C&aelig;sar. It was much enlarged by John, the first Duke of Brabant, in
+1201; by John, the third, in 1314; and by the Emperor Charles V. in
+1543: it has always been a place of commercial importance, and about
+twenty years after the last mentioned date, the trade is concluded to
+have been at its greatest height; the number of inhabitants was then
+computed at 200,000. A few years subsequently, Antwerp suffered much in
+the infamous war against religious freedom, projected by the detestable
+Philip II. (son of Charles V.) and executed by the sanguinary Duke
+of Alva, whose cruelty has scarcely a parallel in history. In this
+merciless crusade, Alva boasted that he had consigned 18,000 persons
+to the executioner; and with vanity as disgusting
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page370" name="page370"></a>[pg 370]</span>
+
+as his cruelty, he placed a statue of himself in Antwerp, in which he
+was figured trampling on the necks of two statues, representing the two
+estates of the Low Countries. Before the termination of the war, not
+less than 600 houses in the city were burnt, and 6 or 7,000 of the
+inhabitants killed or drowned. Antwerp was retaken and repaired by the
+Prince of Parma, in 1585. It has since that time been captured and
+re-captured so frequently as to render its decreasing prosperity a sad
+lesson, if such proof were wanting, of the baleful scourge of war. The
+reader need scarcely be reminded that the last and severest blow to the
+prosperity of Antwerp was occasioned by the overthrow of Buonaparte,
+when, by the treaty of peace signed in 1814, her naval establishment was
+utterly destroyed.<a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a> The population has dwindled to little more than
+one-fourth of the original number, its present number scarcely exceeding
+60,000.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The annexed view is taken from the <i>Téte de Flandre</i>, a fortified
+port on the left bank of the river Scheldt, immediately opposite to the
+city, and now in the possession of the Dutch. The river here is a broad
+and noble stream, and at high water navigable for vessels of large
+tonnage. A short distance below the town the banks are elevated, like
+part of Millbank, near Vauxhall Bridge; and the situation has much the
+same character. The river is here about twice the width of the Thames
+at London Bridge, and it flows with great rapidity.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Lieut.-Colonel Batty observes, "there is perhaps no city in the north of
+Europe which, on inspection, awakens greater interest" than Antwerp. It
+abounds in fine old buildings, which bear testimony to its former wealth
+and importance. The three most aspiring points in the View are&mdash;1. the
+Church of St. Paul, richly dight with pictures by Teniers, De Crayer,
+Quellyn, De Vos, Jordaens, &amp;c.; 2. the tower of the Hôtel de Ville, the
+whole façade of which is little short of 300 feet, a part of the front
+being cased with variegated marble, and ornamented with statues; 3. the
+lofty and richly-embellished Tower of the Cathedral of Nôtre Dame,
+forming the most striking object from whichever side we view the city.
+The interior is enriched with valuable paintings by Flemish masters; the
+height of the spire is stated at 460 feet.<a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The distance from the mouth of the Scheldt to Antwerp is usually
+reckoned to be sixty-two miles, allowing for the bending of the river.
+At Lillo, an important fortress, the appearance of the city of Antwerp
+becomes an interesting object, and the more imposing the nearer the
+traveller approaches along the last reach of the Scheldt.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Antwerp has been the birthplace of many learned men&mdash;as, Ortelius, an
+eminent mathematician and antiquary of the sixteenth century, and the
+friend of our Camden; Gorleus, a celebrated medallist, of the same
+period; Andrew Schott, a learned Jesuit, and the friend of Scaliger;
+Lewis Nonnius, a distinguished physician and erudite scholar, born early
+in the seventeenth century. Few places have produced so many painters of
+merit, as will be seen at page 380, by a well-timed communication from
+our early correspondent P.T.W.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+	A MALTESE LEGEND.
+</h3>
+
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Hark, in the bower of yonder tower,</p>
+<p class="i2">    What maiden so sweetly sings,</p>
+           <p>  As the eagle flies through the sunny skies</p>
+<p class="i2">    He stayeth his golden wings;</p>
+           <p>  And swiftly descends, and his proud neck bends,</p>
+<p class="i2">    And his eyes they stream with glare,</p>
+           <p>  And gaze with delight, on her looks so bright,</p>
+<p class="i2">    As he motionless treads the air.</p>
+           <p>  But his powerful wings, as she sweetly sings,</p>
+<p class="i2">    They droop to the briny wave,</p>
+           <p>  And slowly he falls near the castle walls,</p>
+<p class="i2">    And sinks to his ocean grave.</p>
+           <p>  Was it arrow unseen with glancing sheen,</p>
+<p class="i2">    The twang of the string unheard,</p>
+           <p>  Sped from hunter's bow, that has laid him low,</p>
+<p class="i2">    And has pierced that kingly bird?</p>
+           <p>  That has brought his flight, from the realms of light,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Where his hues in ether glow,</p>
+           <p>  To float for awhile in the sun's last smile,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Then dim to the depths below?</p>
+           <p>  No! the pow'rful spell, that had wrought too well,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Was sung by a maiden true,</p>
+           <p>  And it breath'd and flow'd, to her love who row'd,</p>
+<p class="i2">    His path through the seas of blue.</p>
+           <p>  As she saw his sail, by the gentle gale,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Slow borne to her lofty bower,</p>
+           <p>  Her heart it beat, in her high retreat,</p>
+<p class="i2">    She sang by a spell-bound power:</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i4">      "Zephyr winds, with gentlest motion</p>
+<p class="i4">      Urge his bark the blue waves o'er;</p>
+<p class="i4">      Cease your wild and deep commotion</p>
+<p class="i4">      Waft him safely to the shore.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i4">      "Lovely art thou crested billow,</p>
+<p class="i4">      On thy whiteness rests his eye,</p>
+<p class="i4">      Thou art to his bark a pillow,</p>
+<p class="i4">      Thou dost hear his ev'ry sigh.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i4">      "Would I were yon dolphin dancing</p>
+<p class="i4">      Round his fragile vessel's stern;</p>
+<p class="i4">      Ev'ry gaze my soul entrancing,</p>
+<p class="i4">      I would woo him though he spurn."</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Here she rais'd her eyes, to the once bright skies,</p>
+<p class="i2">    For she heard the deep sea groan,</p>
+           <p>  And her song it stopp'd, and her hands they drop'd,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Her face grew white as the foam;</p>
+           <p>  For the lovely blue, was hid from her view,</p>
+<p class="i2">    By a black and mighty cloud!</p>
+           <p>  She saw in each wave, a watery grave,</p>
+<p class="i2">    And again she sang aloud:</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i4">      "But the clouds are rolling heavy,</p>
+<p class="i4">      Fitful gusts distend his sail;</p>
+<p class="i4">      See the whirlpool's foaming eddy,</p>
+<p class="i4">      Hear the seagull's mournful wail.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i4">      "Now his vessel greets the thunder,</p>
+<p class="i4">      Now she rests on ocean's bed,</p>
+<p class="i4">      Where in shrines of pearl and amber,</p>
+<p class="i4">      Youthful lovers, love, though dead.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i4">      "Gracious Heaven! in mercy spare him,</p>
+<p class="i4">      Shield him with thine arm of pow'r;</p>
+<p class="i4">      On thy wings, oh! Father, bear him</p>
+<p class="i4">      Through this dark and troubled hour.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page371" name="page371"></a>[pg 371]</span>
+</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i4">      "In yon convent then to-morrow</p>
+<p class="i4">      Will I give to thee my days;</p>
+<p class="i4">      Flee this world of grief and sorrow,</p>
+<p class="i4">      Endless sing thee hymns of praise.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i4">      "But if thou hast bid us sever,</p>
+<p class="i4">      Till we reach the heavenly shore,</p>
+<p class="i4">      I will steer my bark, where never,</p>
+<p class="i4">      Waves nor death shall part us more.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i4">      "We will roam the plains of ocean,</p>
+<p class="i4">      Tread the sands where rubies shine,</p>
+<p class="i4">      Drink from starry founts the potion</p>
+<p class="i4">      Mortals taste, and grow divine.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i4">      "But his vessel's sinking slowly,</p>
+<p class="i4">      And mine hour of death is near;</p>
+<p class="i4">      Yet I shrink not,&mdash;sweet and holy</p>
+<p class="i4">      Is the end that knows no fear."</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Scarce the words had died, and the crimson tide,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Flow'd calm in her heaving breast,</p>
+           <p>  When she flew to the wave, to share his grave,</p>
+<p class="i2">    And taste of his final rest.</p>
+           <p>  And the fishermen boast, who dwell on that coast,</p>
+<p class="i2">    That after the ev'ning bell</p>
+           <p>  Has toll'd the hour, in sleet and in shower,</p>
+<p class="i2">    They float on a golden shell.</p>
+           <p>  And all night they roam, where the breakers foam,</p>
+<p class="i2">    When the moonbeams streak the waves,</p>
+           <p>  But when morn awakes and the twilight breaks,</p>
+<p class="i2">    They glide to their coral caves.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>Leeds.</i>
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+T.W.H.
+</h4>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+<h2>
+Manners and Customs.
+</h2>
+
+
+<h3>
+	EARLY INHABITANTS OF BRITAIN.
+</h3>
+
+<center>
+(<i>To the Editor.</i>)
+</center>
+
+
+<p>
+In your Correspondent <i>Selim's</i> laudable endeavour to vindicate
+the ancient inhabitants of this island from the character of barbarians
+given them by C&aelig;sar, he has made some errors, which, with your
+permission, I will attempt to rectify. First, I beg leave to dissent
+from the derivation of the word Druid, "Druidh," a wise man, as such
+a word is not to be found in the Welsh language. In one of your early
+volumes<a id="footnotetag5" name="footnotetag5"></a><a href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a> there is a letter from a Correspondent, deriving the word (in
+the above language it is written Derwydd) from Dar and Gwydd, signifying
+chief in the presence, as the religious ceremonies of the Druids were
+considered to be performed in the presence of the Deity. This may seem
+far fetched; but, according to the genius of the language, any word
+commencing with <i>g</i>, and having another word prefixed, the sound of
+the <i>g</i> is always dropped: therefore, those words would be written
+Dar-wydd, only a difference of one letter from the proper word.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+With regard to the statement of the Druids being "ever foremost in the
+battle strife," as your Correspondent has quoted C&aelig;sar, I am surprised
+that he has overlooked this passage: "The Druids were exempt from all
+military payment, and excused from serving in the wars;" indeed, one of
+the main objects of Bardism was to maintain peace, and the use of arms
+was therefore prohibited to its members; though in later times it was
+one of the duties of the king's domestic bard, on the day of battle,
+to sing in front of the army the national song of "Unbennaeth Prydain"
+(the Monarchy of Britain,) for the purpose of animating the soldiers.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+It is not possible that a people possessing the three orders of Druid,
+Bard, and Ovate, who, (leaving their poetry out of the question for the
+present,) were able to raise the immense piles of Abury and Stonehenge,
+could be the barbarians they are thought to be; and those who could
+raise such immense blocks of stone deserve at least credit for
+ingenuity. Now, it does not appear to me to require a great stretch of
+fancy to believe that the requisite knowledge was obtained of the
+architects of the Pyramids, Temples, and cities of Egypt and the east:
+and this is not improbable; as, according to the Triads, the Cymmry (or
+Welsh) came from the Gwlad yr Haf,<a id="footnotetag6" name="footnotetag6"></a><a href="#footnote6"><sup>6</sup></a> (the summer country) the present
+Taurida; and further, Herodotus says, that a nation called Cimmerians,
+(very much like their own name,) dwelt in that part of Europe and the
+neighbouring parts of Asia. Other historians are of similar opinion, and
+considering the numerous emigrations from Egypt, caused by religious
+persecutions and conquests, it is very likely that some of their priests
+or learned men were among those exiles, and that they communicated their
+knowledge to the same description of persons belonging to the nations
+with whom they sojourned. The founders of Athens and Thebes were exiles;
+and the Philistines, noted for their constant wars with the Jews, were
+originally expelled from Egypt. I have been informed that there has been
+found in the southern part of the United States, the remains of a
+building similar in its appearance to Stonehenge. Did a remnant of those
+Druids or Priests erect this and the Temples of Mexico, and leave behind
+them those implements of war and industry that have been found in the
+soil and in the mines of America? and to equal the manufacture of which,
+all the resources of modern art have proved inadequate. It appears that
+there existed at a most remote period, a sort of Freemasonry of priests,
+bards, and architects, who, and their successors extended themselves
+over the whole world; for, to whom else can be ascribed those stupendous
+structures, the ruins of which at the present day excite our admiration
+and wonder, and may be traced over Asia, Egypt, along the shores of the
+Mediterranean, in Britain and America. That the ancients knew of America
+is not improbable, when we recollect the extent of the voyages of the
+Ph&oelig;nicians and Carthaginians, and what has been said of the great
+Island of Atlantis; it is not likely that Prince Madog would have
+sailed in search of a distant land if he had not heard something of its
+existence. In the fifth century, a chieftain named Gafran ab Aeddan,
+went in search of some islands called Gwerddonau Lliou, (Green Isles
+of the
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page372" name="page372"></a>[pg 372]</span>
+
+Floods,) supposed to be the Canaries; but whether he succeeded
+in reaching them is not known, as he was never heard of after he left
+Britain. This is a proof that the Welsh at least, had heard of distant
+lands in the Atlantic Ocean: another curious fact is, that the worship
+of the sun was prevalent in all the countries in which those remains
+have been found. In conclusion, I beg leave to say that the people could
+not be very barbarous, who were in the habit of hearing such precepts
+as "the three ultimate objects of bardism&mdash;to reform <i>manners</i> and
+<i>customs</i>, to secure <i>peace</i>, and to extol every thing that is good."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Llundain</i>.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+CYMMRO.
+</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+BATHING&mdash;ANCIENT AND MODERN BATHS.
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+Perhaps neither of the exercises that are indispensable to the health
+and comfort of man has so kept pace with his progressive improvement as
+bathing; and though of late years this effectual promoter of cleanliness
+has not in some parts of the world been sufficiently attended to,
+yet the custom is by no means on the decrease; nor can any fear be
+entertained, with propriety, that so excellent and so natural an
+expedient should ever be suffered to decline, from want of consideration
+of its benefits and advantages. But it must be owned, that while bathing
+in many countries is resorted to as a matter-of-course affair among all
+classes, in England it is in a great measure disregarded by most of the
+middle classes, and almost entirely so by those in the lower station of
+life, who perhaps require this exercise more than their richer
+neighbours.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A medical writer of the present day observes, with some grounds for
+complaint, that while "in almost all countries, both in ancient and
+modern times, whether rude or civilized, bathing was a part of the
+necessary and everyday business of life, in this country alone, with
+all its refinements in the arts which contribute to the happiness or
+comfort of man, and with all its improvements in medical science and
+jurisprudence, this salutary and luxurious practice is almost entirely
+neglected."<a id="footnotetag7" name="footnotetag7"></a><a href="#footnote7"><sup>7</sup></a> But in many countries, particularly in the east, bathing
+is as much resorted to as ever; and its really powerful effects in
+invigorating the frame and promoting the porous secretions, (without
+which life itself cannot be long continued,) require only to be once
+known to be persevered in.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Among the ancients, bathing was far more generally practised than at
+the present day. In the city of Alexandria, there were 4,000 public
+baths; and the height of refinement in this luxury among the Romans is
+almost incredible. In addition to the private baths, with which almost
+every house was supplied, public baths were built, sometimes at the
+public cost, and often at the expense of private individuals, who
+nobly conceived their wealth to be laudably expended in giving each of
+their fellow-citizens the means of procuring, free of expense, bodily
+cleanliness and comfort. These baths were generally very extensive, and
+fitted up with every possible convenience;&mdash;the passages and apartments
+were paved with marbles of every hue, and the tesselated floors were
+adorned with representations of gladiatorial engagements, hunting,
+racing, and a variety of subjects from the mythology. In the
+<i>Therm&aelig;</i> at Rome, ingenuity and magnificence seem exhausted; and
+the elegance of the architecture, and the vast range of rooms and
+porticos, create in the beholder surprise and admiration, mingled with
+feelings of regret for their neglected state. A quadrans (about a
+farthing) admitted any one; for the funds bequeathed by the emperors and
+others were amply sufficient to provide for the expensive establishments
+requisite, without taxing the people beyond their means. Agrippa gave
+his baths and gardens to the public, and even assigned estates for their
+maintenance. Some of the <i>Therm&aelig;</i> were also provided with a variety
+of perfumed ointments and oils gratuitously. The chief <i>Therm&aelig;</i><a id="footnotetag8" name="footnotetag8"></a><a href="#footnote8"><sup>8</sup></a>
+were those of Agrippa, Nero, Titus, Domitian, Caracalla, and Diocletian.
+Their main building consisted of rooms for swimming and bathing, in
+either hot or cold water; others for conversation; and some devoted
+to various exercises and athletic amusements. In some assembled large
+bodies to hear the lectures of philosophers, or perhaps a composition
+of some favourite poet; while the walls were surrounded with statues,
+paintings, and literary productions, to suit the diversified taste of
+the company.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Eustace describes these <i>Therm&aelig;</i> at some length:&mdash;"Repassing the
+Aventine Hill, we came to the baths of Antoninus Caracalla, that occupy
+part of its declivity, and a considerable portion of the plain between
+it and Mons C&aelig;liolus and Mons C&aelig;lius. The length of the <i>Therm&aelig;</i>
+was 1,840 feet; breadth, 1,476. At each end were two temples, one to
+Apollo and another to Esculapius, as the tutelary deities of a place
+sacred to the improvement of the mind, and the health of the body. In
+the principal building were, in the first place, a grand circular
+vestibule, with four halls on each side, for cold, tepid, warm, and
+steam baths;<a id="footnotetag9" name="footnotetag9"></a><a href="#footnote9"><sup>9</sup></a> in the centre was an immense square for exercise, when
+the weather was unfavourable to it in the open air; beyond it a great
+hall, where <i>one thousand six hundred seats of marble</i> were placed
+for the convenience of
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page373" name="page373"></a>[pg 373]</span>
+
+the bathers; at each end of this hall were libraries. The stucco and
+paintings, though faintly indeed, are yet in many places perceptible.
+Pillars have been dug up, and some still remain amidst the ruins; while
+the Farnesian Bull and the famous Hercules, found in one of these halls
+announce the multiplicity and beauty of the statues which once adorned
+the Thermae of Caracalla."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Before they commenced bathing in the <i>Therm&aelig;</i>, the Romans anointed
+themselves with oil, in a room especially appropriated to the purpose;
+and oil was again applied, with the addition of perfumes, on quitting
+the bath. In a painting which has been engraved from one of the walls
+in the baths of Titus, the room is represented filled with a number
+of vases, and somewhat resembles an apothecary's shop. These vases
+contained a variety of balsamic and oleaceous compositions for the
+anointment, which, when ultimately performed, prepared the bathers for
+the <i>sph&aelig;risterium</i>, in which various amusements and exercises were
+enjoyed. The subsequent operation of scraping the body with the strigil
+has given way to a mode of freeing the body from perspiration and all
+extraneous matter, by a sort of bag or glove of camel's hair, which is
+used in Turkey; while flannel and brushes are substituted in other
+parts.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The vapour-baths now used in Russia resemble very much those among the
+ancient Romans. These are generally rudely built of wood, over an oven,
+and the bathers receive the vapour at the requisite heat, reclining on
+wooden benches,&mdash;while, more powerfully to excite perspiration, they
+whip their bodies with birch boughs, and also use powerful friction.
+They then wash themselves; and, as these vapour-baths are often
+constructed on the banks of a river, throw themselves from the land
+into the water; or sometimes, by way of variety, plunge into snow, and
+roll themselves therein. This violent exercise and sudden transition
+of temperature is almost overpowering to persons unhabituated to the
+custom, and will oftentimes produce fainting,&mdash;though the patient, on
+recovering, finds himself refreshed, and experiences a delightful sense
+of mental, as well as bodily, vigour and energy. The enervating effects
+of the extreme luxury and refinement practised in the Greek and Roman
+baths are obviated in the Russian mode: to which may partly be ascribed
+the power which the latter people have in undergoing fatigue and the
+various hardships of their rigorous climate. Tooke says that without
+doubt the Russians owe their longevity, robust health, their little
+disposition to fatal complaints, and, above all, their happy and
+cheerful temper, mostly to these vapour-baths. Lewis and Clarke, in
+their voyage up the Missouri, have noticed the use of the vapour-bath in
+a somewhat similar contrivance to the Russians among the savage tribes
+of America;&mdash;so it appears that this effectual promoter of cleanliness
+is one of the most simple, original, and natural, that can be employed
+for that paramount duty.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+C.R.S.
+</h4>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>
+The Sketch Book.
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+RECOLLECTIONS OF A WANDERER.
+</h3>
+
+<center>
+<i>An Incident on the Coast.</i>
+</center>
+
+<p>
+Towards the close of an afternoon in the dreary month of December, a
+small vessel was descried in the offing, from the pier of a romantic
+little hamlet on the coast of &mdash;&mdash;. The pier was this evening nearly
+deserted by those bold spirits, who, when sea and sky conspire to frown
+together, loved to resort there to while away their idle hours. Only a
+few "out-and-outers" were now to be seen at their accustomed station,
+defying the rough buffetings of the blast, which on more tender faces
+might have acted almost with the keenness of a razor. Though the evening
+certainly looked wild and stormy to an unpractised eye, still to those
+who "gauge the weather" it was unaccompanied with those unerring
+symptoms which usually usher in a gale. However, the appearance of the
+night was so uninviting, as to have induced the local craft to run some
+time before along shore for shelter; and the movements of the strange
+vessel were consequently a matter of speculation to those on land. There
+is something to our minds exceedingly interesting in a solitary vessel
+at sea&mdash;it is a point on which you may hinge your attention&mdash;a living
+thing on the desert-bosom of the main. For sometime her movements were
+apparently very undecided, but though the weather seemed to be looking
+up, she suddenly put about helm, and ran without further wavering right
+for the shelter held out at Lanport. In less than twenty minutes she was
+safe alongside the pier. She was one of the larger class of fishing
+vessels and was well manned. The attention of the bystanders was now
+directed to an individual who seemed to be a passenger, and who
+immediately landed after conversing for a short while with the master.
+The gentleman brought ashore an immoderately large carpet-bag, and
+forthwith marched for the chief street of Lanport. When we say chief,
+we, perhaps, ought to add that it was the only assemblage of buildings
+in the village, which by the comparative uniformity of their
+arrangement, could lay claim to such a title. On reaching the foot of
+the declivity, the traveller, who was evidently much jaded with his
+marine excursion, espied with symptoms of satisfaction, the antiquated
+sign-post of an "hostelrie" swinging before him in the breeze. Without
+further investigation, but with "wandering steps and slow," he
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page374" name="page374"></a>[pg 374]</span>
+
+decided on taking up his quarters at the "Mermaid Inn and Tavern, by
+Judith, (or Judy as she was called by some) Teague." This determination
+of the traveller would, however, have turned out to be "Hobson's choice"
+had his eyes wandered in quest of a rival establishment, for here Mrs.
+Judy Teague reigned supreme amongst "licensed victuallers," no rival
+having hitherto been found bold enough to enter the field against her.
+The leisurely advance of the traveller up the street, had given all the
+old gossips and that numerous class who esteem other people's business
+of infinitely greater consequence than their own, full opportunity to
+remark on his dress and appearance; in which as faithful chroniclers we
+have not gathered that there was anything remarkable&mdash;save and except
+the enormous carpet-bag aforesaid, about which its owner seemed as
+solicitous as the traveller in Rob Roy. A stranger was, at the period we
+are describing, a <i>rara avis in terris</i> indeed at Lanport; and it
+may be conceived that the news of this arrival was discussed round every
+hearth in the place within half an hour at the utmost. Mrs. Teague is
+recorded to have advanced to the door with unwonted rapidity (bearing in
+mind that she had halted a little since she was on the wrong side of
+forty, from a rheumatic affection,) to meet such an "iligant-looking
+guest;" and certain it is that he had not been two hours in the house,
+before it was evident that both parties were on an excellent footing
+together. The old lady was seen to come from the best&mdash;the parlour we
+mean to say&mdash;of the Mermaid, with very unusual symptoms of good humour
+on her countenance, considering (as Betsy the "maid of all work"
+whispered to "Jack Ostler,") that her visage had generally a "vinegar
+cruet" association; though we would not take upon ourselves to assert
+that brandy had not a greater share in its composition.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The strange gentleman continued in close occupation of the parlour
+during the entire evening. The mysterious carpet bag was secured in an
+upper room, and its owner chased away the damps and cold of the season
+by unusually liberal potations; in short, Mrs. Judith declared to the
+numerous party of customers who had assembled from chance or curiosity
+on her hearth, that he was the most liberal gentleman that had ever
+crossed her threshold in the way of business, since Julius O'Brien
+(commonly called the tippling exciseman,) had unexpectedly departed this
+life by mistaking the steep staircase of the Mermaid for a single step,
+one night when his brain was more than usually beclouded. The arrival of
+the stranger, however, had nearly caused a schism between the hostess
+and her leading customers; for the former had whilst he honoured the
+Mermaid with his presence, engaged the parlour for his exclusive
+accommodation&mdash;an arrangement contrary to all the rules of Lanport
+etiquette; and he might have experienced rather a rude reception had not
+Mrs. Judy given up her <i>sanctum sanctorum</i> for the temporary use of
+the "elect."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Next day, the morning had passed away, nay, the sun was fast careering
+towards the western horizon, and yet the stranger exhibited no
+inclination to explore the locality of Lanport. Night at last set in,
+but still he remained in close quarters as before.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+This appeared the more strange, as the situation of Lanport was
+singularly wild and interesting. The prospect from the wooded and rocky
+heights of the coast was of great and commanding beauty; and the inland
+view presented many scenes and objects highly calculated to invite the
+attention of the lover of nature or the curious traveller. It was
+evident that the stranger was deficient in both these points.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The history of the next day closely corresponded with that of the
+preceding. There he sat. That night there was again a strong muster
+around the capacious hearth of the Mermaid. If the stranger was
+deficient in that inherent passion of the human mind&mdash;curiosity&mdash;not so
+the villagers. But one sentiment seemed to pervade the assembled party,
+and that may be summed up in the words "Who <i>is</i> he?" An echo
+responded "Who <i>is</i> he?" Conjecture was literally at a fault. His
+very appearance was unknown to all except the fortunate few that had
+beheld him in his march from the pier; the fishing boat had put to
+sea before any one thought of making inquiry as to the freight it
+had delivered, but every one agreed that there was something of an
+extraordinary character about the said freight. Ever and anon the
+parlour door opened, and a lusty ring of the hand-bell summoned the
+hostess into that now mysterious room: and the volley of questions which
+assailed her on her return were enough to overturn the very moderate
+stock of patience which she possessed, had it been centupled. She
+declared that "the jintleman was like other jintlemen, and barring that
+he seemed the b'y for the brandy," she saw nothing amiss in him. In the
+midst of this excitement in walked the officer commanding the preventive
+service of the district. He was soon closeted in the <i>sanctum</i>,
+and after a due discussion of the singular proceedings of the stranger,
+on the part of each member of the Lanport smoking club, the worthy
+lieutenant declared "it was not only d&mdash;&mdash;d odd, but very suspicious;"
+and that he would beard the foe who had so unceremoniously taken
+possession of their own proper apartment, face to face, even though he
+should turn out to be Beelzebub, in <i>propriâ personâ</i>. This
+determination was received with a vast and simultaneous puff of
+exultation from every pipe in the room, so that the
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page375" name="page375"></a>[pg 375]</span>
+
+cloud was for a short space so great as completely to envelope the ample
+proportions of Mrs. Judy Teague, who had been an unnoticed witness of
+this bold proposal. The lieutenant was striding onwards in full career
+towards the parlour, which lay at the opposite side of the intervening
+kitchen, when he somewhat roughly encountered the fair form of Mrs.
+Teague, which was extended halfway through the doorcase with a view to
+prevent his egress.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"Och! murder, Lafetennant &mdash;&mdash;, and is this the way you'd be sarving a
+lone woman, and she a widow these twelve year agon, since Michael
+Tague's (Heaven rest his sowl!) been laid aneath the turf!"
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The lieutenant apologized for the rather unceremonious way in which he
+had run foul of Mrs. Teague.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"Och! Lafetennant," she responded, "its not that <i>agra</i>! (here she
+gave a twinge) that Judy Tague would ever spake of from the like of
+you&mdash;but its against your goin' and insulting the jintl'm in the parlour
+that I was spaking of&mdash;and a <i>rale</i> jintl'm he is, I'll be bail."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+But it was all of no avail. After holding forth for several minutes, now
+at the top of her voice, now in a beseeching whine&mdash;the lieutenant again
+got under weigh, and soon reached the parlour door; which after giving
+a slight tap, he entered fully prepared to take its inmate by storm.
+But, lo! he had vanished! It appeared impossible that any portion of the
+previous conversation could have been wafted to his ears, but certain it
+was, that in place of a living occupant of flesh and blood, nothing but
+the wavering shadow of an ancient high-backed chair near the fire&mdash;which
+cast a faint and uncertain light through the apartment&mdash;met the eyes
+of the angry lieutenant. A heavy step overhead announced that he had
+just retired to his sleeping-room. Thus was the now greatly increased
+curiosity of the smoking club doomed to receive an unexpected check. The
+stranger was evidently no ordinary person&mdash;the conversation gradually
+sank away&mdash;and more than one individual of the company started in the
+course of the evening as the wind now wailed with a strange unearthly
+sound up the silent street, and now blew in violent gusts which made the
+old house creak and groan to its very foundations. Our gallant friend,
+the lieutenant, was perhaps the only individual absolutely unmoved in
+the party; and his proposal to retake possession of the parlour met with
+a general negative. Nettled at this, he declared that another sun should
+not go down over his head, without obtaining some satisfactory account
+of this mysterious visitant.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The third day came, and with it a partial change in the conduct of the
+stranger. He appeared to have in some measure shaken off his indolence,
+and sallied forth betimes in the morning, apparently to examine the
+beauties of the coast, towards the rocky wilds of which he was seen to
+wend his way. About noon he again returned to the Mermaid. This conduct
+partially disarmed the suspicion which had been excited; however it was
+agreed that though nothing had hitherto occurred which could authorize
+any direct interference with his movements, yet that a watch should be
+kept over them for the present.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The afternoon threatened to turn out stormy. Vast masses of clouds were
+continually driven across the sky: and the increasing agitation and deep
+furrows of the ocean foretold a night fraught with peril and disaster
+to the seaman. Drear December seemed about to assume his wildest garb.
+This day of the week always brought the county paper. A solitary copy
+of this journal was taken by Mrs. Teague, and it formed the sole channel
+(alas! for the march of intellect,) by which the smoking club and other
+worthies of Lanport were enlightened on the sayings and doings of the
+great world. It must not be inferred from this that the demon of
+politics was unknown in this retired spot; on the contrary, the arrival
+of the &mdash;&mdash; Journal, was looked for with the utmost impatience from week
+to week; and as long as its tattered folio hung together, its contents
+formed a never ending subject of conversation. On the day of its
+arrival, therefore, the "club" invariably met many hours before their
+wonted time, to discuss politics and pigtail, revolutions and small
+beer.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+This circumstance, and the state of the weather, had drawn a numerous
+party around the hearth at the Mermaid. The delay which took place
+in the arrival of the newspaper seemed unusual; the "spokesman" had
+cleared his throat, the pipes had long been lit, but still it was not
+forthcoming. Mrs. Teague at last announced that it was engaged by the
+"jintleman in the parlour." The patience of the party lasted half an
+hour longer, when the clamorous calls for news dictated the step of
+sending a message to the stranger. It met with an ungracious reception.
+At this moment some one came in with the intelligence that a suspicious
+looking craft was hovering off the coast, and that the lieutenant (whose
+absence was thus accounted for) was about to put off in his galley to
+bring her to and overhaul her.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A second and a third message to the parlour having met with the same
+success as the first, the ire of all began to rise, and after a
+clamorous discussion it was at last resolved, (it was now broad
+daylight,) that they should go in a body and storm the enemy's quarters.
+The room was situated at the other end of the house, and thither they
+proceeded, after a few preliminary difficulties had been arranged as to
+who should first lead the way. But if the lieutenant had been astonished
+at the
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page376" name="page376"></a>[pg 376]</span>
+
+disappearance of the stranger the preceding night, much greater was
+the surprise evinced on the present occasion on finding the room again
+tenantless. It had evidently only just been vacated; but what created
+the greatest sensation was the discovery of the smoking remains of the
+&mdash;&mdash; Journal, on the hood of the fireplace! Every one crowded around,
+and presently intelligence was brought that the stranger, carrying his
+enormous carpet bag had been seen walking at a great speed towards
+Shorne Cove, a retired little spot within a short distance of the
+harbour. As is often the case on such occasions, several minutes elapsed
+before any plan was determined upon, but some one at last wisely
+suggested that if he was to be pursued, no time ought to be lost. The
+appearance of the strange vessel on the coast, and the day's occurrence,
+were connected together, as they hurried onwards in the pursuit; but
+when they arrived at the seashore, the mysterious man and his carpet bag
+were no longer visible, unless a large boat which was pulling out to sea
+as fast as wind and tide would permit, gave a clue to his invisibility.
+Every eye was now cast out for the strange sail.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+About a mile from the pier-head, a large lugger under a press of canvass
+was seen coming down the wind, with the galley in close pursuit. From
+the freshness of the wind and the quantity of sail she was able to
+carry, it was evident that the king's boat had little chance with her.
+As the chase came careering along, dropping the galley rapidly astern,
+the interest hinged on the apparent connexion between her and the boat
+which had just left Shorne Cove with its unknown freight. From their
+relative situations it was evident she must bring to for a short space
+if she intended to pick up the fugitive; and this delay might possibly
+enable the galley to draw her. For a few minutes the scene was one of
+exciting interest. The lugger broached to as had been anticipated, and
+she had scarcely shipped the strange boat's crew, when the galley
+pitching bows under was close in her wake. But it was too late. The
+lugger had no sooner paid off, so as to get the wind again abaft the
+beam, than she rapidly got way on her, and the wind continuing to
+freshen, in half an hour she was all but hull down.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The night passed not over the heads of the good folks of Lanport,
+without numberless recriminations on the stupidity which had been
+displayed in not arresting the stranger before it was too late; and
+the ferment was not lessened on the arrival of another copy of the
+&mdash;&mdash; Journal, which contained a paragraph headed with the glittering
+words, "ONE THOUSAND POUNDS REWARD."
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+VYVYAN.
+</h4>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>
+Spirit of Discovery.
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+THE ISLAND OF ROTUMA.<a id="footnotetag10" name="footnotetag10"></a><a href="#footnote10"><sup>10</sup></a>
+</h3>
+
+
+
+<blockquote>
+"A new Cythera emerges from the bosom of the enchanted wave. An
+amphitheatre of verdure rises to our view; tufted groves mingle
+their foliage with the brilliant enamel of meadows; an eternal
+spring, combining with an eternal autumn, displays the opening
+blossoms along with the ripened fruit."&mdash;<i>Maltebrun.</i>
+</blockquote>
+
+
+<div class="figure" style="width: 100%;">
+<a href="images/579-2.png"><img width="100%" src="images/579-2.png"
+alt="The Island of Rotuma." /></a>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+This is one of the beautiful islands of Polynesia,
+in the South Pacific Ocean. It was
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page377" name="page377"></a>[pg 377]</span>
+
+discovered in the year 1791, and has been since occasionally visited by
+English and American whalers, and a few other ships, for the purpose of
+procuring water and a supply of vegetable productions, with which it
+abounds. It is situated in latitude 12° 30' south, and longitude 177°
+east, and is distant about 260 miles from the nearest island of the
+Fidji group. It is of a moderate height, densely wooded, and abounding
+in cocoa-nut trees, and is about from thirty to thirty-five miles in
+circumference. Its general appearance is beautifully picturesque,
+verdant hills gradually rising from the sandy beach, giving it a highly
+fertile appearance. It is surrounded by extensive reefs, on which at low
+water the natives may be seen busily engaged in procuring shell and
+other fish, which are abundantly produced on them, and constitute one
+of their articles of daily food. At night, they fish by torch-light,
+lighting fires on the beach, by which the fish are attracted to the
+reefs. The torches are formed of the dried spathe or fronds of the
+cocoa-nut tree, and enable them to see the fish, which they take with
+hand-nets. It is by these lights that the fish are attracted, but not so
+in the opinion of the natives, who say, "they come to the reef at night
+to eat, then sleep, and leave again in the morning."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+[Mr. George Bennett, in his account of his recent visit, says:&mdash;]
+</p>
+
+<p>
+We made this island on the 21st of February, 1830: it bore west by
+south-half-south, about twenty-five miles distant; at 11 A.M. when close
+in, standing for the anchorage, we were boarded by several natives, who
+came off in their canoes, and surprised us by their acquaintance with
+the English language; this it seems they had acquired from their
+occasional intercourse with shipping, but principally from the European
+seamen, who had deserted from their ships and were residing on the
+island in savage luxury and indolence. When at anchor, the extremes of
+the land bore from east by north to west by compass. An island rather
+high, quoin shaped, and inhabited, situated at a short distance from the
+main land, (between which there is a passage for a large ship,) was at
+some distance from our present anchorage, and bore west-half-north by
+compass; it was named Ouer by the natives. Close to us were two rather
+high islands, or islets, of small extent, planted with cocoa-nut trees,
+and almost connected together by rocks, and to the main land by a reef;
+they shelter the bay from easterly winds. Their bearings are as
+follow:&mdash;the first centre bore east-half-north; the second centre bore
+east-half-south, extreme of the main land east-south-east by compass.
+One of the chiefs, on our anchoring, addressing the Commander made the
+following very <i>humane</i> observation, "If Rótuma man steal, to make
+hang up immediately." Had this request been complied with, there would
+have been a great depopulation during our stay, and it is not improbable
+that a few chiefs might have felt its effects.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+On a second visit to this island in March, 1830, we anchored in a fine
+picturesque bay, situated on the west side of the island, named Thor, in
+fourteen fathoms, sand and coral bottom, about three miles distant from
+the centre. A reef extends out some distance from the beach at this bay,
+almost dry at low water, and with much surf at the entrance, from which
+cause the procuring of wood and water is attended with more difficulty
+than at Onhaf Bay.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+On landing, the beautiful appearance of the island was rather increased
+than diminished; vegetation appeared most luxuriant, and the trees and
+shrubs blooming with various tints, spread a gaiety around; the clean
+and neat native houses were intermingled with the waving plumes of the
+cocoa-nut, the broad spreading plantain, and other trees peculiar to
+tropical climes. That magnificent tree the callophyllum inophyllum, or
+fifau of the natives, was not less abundant, displaying its shining,
+dark, green foliage, contrasted by beautiful clusters of white flowers
+teeming with fragrance. This tree seemed a favourite with the natives,
+on account of its shade, fragrance, and ornamental appearance of the
+flowers. When I extended my rambles more inland, through narrow and
+sometimes rugged pathways, the luxuriance of vegetation did not
+decrease, but the lofty trees, overshadowing the road, defended the
+pedestrian from the effects of a fervent sun, rendering the walk under
+their umbrageous covering cool and pleasant. The gay flowers of the
+hibiscus tiliaceus, as well as the splendid huth or Barringtonia
+speciosa, covered with its beautiful flowers, the petals of which are
+white, and the edges of the stamina delicately tinged with pink, give
+to the trees when in full bloom a magnificent appearance; the hibiscus
+rosa-chinensis, or kowa of the natives also grows in luxuriance and
+beauty. The elegant flowers of these trees, with others of more humble
+and less beautiful tints, everywhere meet the eye near the paths,
+occasionally varied by plantations of the ahan or taro, arum esculentum,
+which, from a deficiency of irrigation, is generally of the mountain
+variety. Of the sugar-cane they possess several varieties, and it is
+eaten in the raw state; a small variety of yam, more commonly known by
+the name of the Rótuma potato, the ulé of the natives, is very abundant;
+the ulu or bread-fruit, pori or plantain and the vi, (spondias dulcis,
+Parkinson,) or, Brazilian plum, with numerous other kinds, sufficiently
+testify the fertility of the island. Occasionally the mournful toa or
+casuarina equisetifolia, planted in small clumps near
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page378" name="page378"></a>[pg 378]</span>
+
+the villages or surrounding the burial-places, added beauty to the
+landscape.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The native houses are very neat; they are formed of poles and logs, the
+roof being covered with the leaves of a species of sagus palm, named
+hoat by the natives, and highly valued by them for that purpose on
+account of their durability; the sides are covered with the plaited
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+The natives are a fine-looking and well-formed people; they are of good
+dispositions, but are much addicted to thieving, which seems indeed to
+be a national propensity; they are of a light copper colour, and the
+men wear the hair long and stained at the extremities of a reddish
+brown colour; sometimes they tie the hair in a knot behind, but the
+most prevailing custom is to permit it to hang over the shoulders. The
+females may be termed handsome, of fine forms, and although possessing
+a modest demeanour, flocked on board in numbers on the ship's arrival.
+The women before marriage have the hair cut close and covered with the
+shoroi, which is burnt coral mixed with the gum of the bread-fruit tree;
+this is removed after marriage and their hair is permitted to grow long,
+but on the death of a chief or their parents it is cut close as a badge
+of mourning. Both sexes paint themselves with a mixture of the root of
+the turmeric plant (curcuma longa) and cocoa-nut oil, which frequently
+changed our clothes and persons of an icteroid hue, from <i>our</i>
+curiosity to mingle with them in the villages&mdash;<i>theirs</i> to come on
+board the ship.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+On visiting the king, who resided at the village of Fangwot, we found
+him a well-formed and handsome man, apparently about thirty years of
+age; the upper part of his body was thickly covered with the Rang, or
+paint of turmeric and oil, which had been recently laid on in honour
+of the visit from the strangers. There was somewhat of novelty, but
+little of "regal magnificence" in our reception. In the open air, under
+the wide-spreading branches of their favourite Fifau, (Callophyllum
+Inophyllum) sat his Majesty squatted on the ground, and surrounded by a
+crowd of his subjects. The introduction was equally unostentatious; one
+of the natives who had accompanied us from the ship, pointing towards
+him, said, in tolerably pronounced English, "That the king." His Majesty
+not being himself acquainted with our language, one of his attendants,
+who spoke it with considerable fluency, acted as interpreter. After some
+common-place questions, such as where the ship came from, where bound
+to, what provisions we stood in need of, &amp;c., we adjourned to the royal
+habitation, which differed in no respect from the other native houses.
+Yams, bread-fruit, and fish, wrapped in the plantain leaves in which
+they had been cooked, were here placed before us, with cocoa-nut water
+for our beverage; plantain leaves serving also as plates.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The chiefs are elected kings in rotation, and the royal office is
+held for six months, but by the consent of the other chiefs, it may be
+retained by the same chief for two or three years. The royal title is
+Sho: the king to whom we had been introduced, as a chief, is named Mora.
+We had an interview also with the former king, named Riemko; he is a
+chief of high rank, and a very intelligent man: he spoke the English
+language with much correctness. Being naturally of an inquisitive
+disposition, and possessing an exceedingly retentive memory, he had
+acquired much information; this he displayed by detailing to us many
+facts connected with the history of Napoleon Buonaparte, Wellington,
+&amp;c., which had been related to him by various European visiters, and
+which he appeared to retain to the most minute particulars. He surprised
+us by inquiring if we resided in "Russell-square, London?"
+</p>
+
+<p>
+An innate love of roaming seems to exist among these people; they
+set sail without any fixed purpose in one of their large canoes:
+few ever return, some probably perish, others drift on islands either
+uninhabited, or if inhabited, they mingle with the natives, and tend to
+produce those varieties of the human race which are so observable in the
+Polynesian Archipelago. I frequently asked those of Rótuma what object
+they had in leaving their fertile island to risk the perils of the deep?
+the reply invariably was, "Rótuma man want to see new land:" they thus
+run before the wind until they fall in with some island, or perish in
+a storm. Cook and others relate numerous instances of this kind.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+As an evidence of the great desire of the natives of both sexes to
+leave their native land, I may mention the offers which were made to the
+commander of the ship, of baskets of potatoes and hogs, as an inducement
+to be carried to the island of Erromanga, where our vessel was next
+bound to. Two hundred were taken on board for the purpose of cutting
+Sandal wood, but from the unhealthy state in which we found the island
+on our arrival, and the numerous deaths that had occurred among native
+gangs that had been brought by other vessels for a similar purpose, we
+returned to Rótuma and landed them all safely. The perfect apathy with
+which they leave parents and connexions, departing with strangers to a
+place respecting which they are in total ignorance, is quite surprising,
+placing an unbounded confidence in those differing in colour, language,
+and customs from themselves: the young, timid females, to whom a ship
+was a novelty, those who had never before seen a ship, were all anxious
+to visit foreign climes,&mdash;even, they said, London.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page379" name="page379"></a>[pg 379]</span>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Much wonder was excited, when I exhibited to the natives of this island
+coloured engravings of flowers, birds, butterflies, &amp;c.; they imagined
+them to be the original plant or butterfly attached to the paper&mdash;no
+mean compliment to the artist. The engravings in Charles Bell's
+Anatomy of Expression always excited much interest when shown to the
+Polynesians; the plate representing Laughter never failed of exciting
+sympathy. A caricature representation of one of the fashionable belles
+of 1828 puzzled them exceedingly; some thought it "a bird," others that
+it was a nondescript of some kind, but when they were told that it was a
+Haina London, or English lady, they laughed, and said Parora, "you are
+in joke," so incredible did it seem to their unsophisticated minds.<a id="footnotetag11" name="footnotetag11"></a><a href="#footnote11"><sup>11</sup></a>
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+	MOUNT ARARAT.
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+A short time since there were given in the <i>St. Petersburgh Academical
+Journal</i> some authentic particulars of Professor Parrot's journey to
+Mount Ararat. After being baffled in repeated attempts, he at length
+succeeded in overcoming the obstacles which beset him, and ascertained
+the positive elevation of its peak to be 16,200 French feet: it is,
+therefore, more than 1,500 feet loftier than Mount Blanc. He describes
+the summit as being a circular plane, about 160 feet in circumference,
+joined by a gentle descent, with a second and less elevated one towards
+the east. The whole of the upper region of the mountain, from the height
+of 12,750 English feet, being covered with perpetual snow and ice. He
+afterwards ascended what is termed "The Little Ararat," and reports it
+to be about 13,100 English feet high.&mdash;W.G.C.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+	SAILING UP THE ESSEQUIBO.
+</h3>
+
+<center>
+(<i>Concluded from page 360.</i>)
+</center>
+
+<p>
+A family of Indians was seen crossing the river in their log canoe, and
+disappearing under the bushes on the opposite side; my companion and
+myself paddled after them, and we landed under some locust trees, and
+found an Indian settlement. The logies were sheds, open all round, and
+covered with the leaves of the trooly-palm, some of them twenty-four
+feet long; and suspended from the bamboo timbers of the roof were
+hammocks of net-work, in which the men were lazily swinging. One or two
+of those who were awake were fashioning arrow-heads out of hard wood.
+The men and children were entirely naked, with the exception of the blue
+<i>lap</i> or cloth for the loins; the women in their blue petticoat and
+braided hair were scraping the root of the cassava tree into a trough of
+bark; it was then put into a long press of matting, which expresses the
+poisonous juice; the dry farina is finally baked on an iron plate. The
+old women were weaving the square coëoo or <i>lap</i> of beads, which
+they sometimes wear without a petticoat; also armlets and ankle
+ornaments of beads. Some were fabricating earthen pots, and all the
+females seemed actively employed. They offered us a red liquor, called
+<i>caseeree</i>, prepared from the sweet potato; also <i>piwarry</i>,
+the intoxicating beverage made by chewing the cassava, and allowing it
+to ferment. At their <i>piwarry</i> feasts the Indians prepare a small
+canoe full of this liquor, beside which the entertainers and their
+guests roll together drunk for two or three days. Their helpmates look
+after them, and keep them from being suffocated with the sand getting
+into their mouths: but <i>piwarry</i> is a harmless liquor, that is to
+say, it does not produce the disease and baneful effects of spirits, for
+after a sleep the Indians rise fresh and well, and only occasionally
+indulge in a debauch of this kind. Fish, which the men had shot with
+their arrows, and birds, were brought out of the canoe, and barbacoted
+or smoke-dried on a grating of bamboos over a fire; and we followed an
+old man with a cutlass to their small fields of cassava, cleared by
+girdling and burning a part of the forest behind the logies. These
+Indians were of the Arrawak nation; we afterwards saw Caribs, Accaways,
+&amp;c.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The rivers and creeks, and the whole of the interior of British Guiana
+at a distance from the sea, are unknown and unexplored. October and
+November are the driest months in the year, and the best for expeditions
+into the interior. I was unable to go as far up the river as I wished,
+from the great freshes; the rain fell every day, yet I penetrated in all
+directions as far as I could, and I trust to be able, at some more
+favourable season, to return to that interesting country.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Two years ago, a Mr. Smith, a mercantile man from Caraccas, was joined
+at George Town by a Lieutenant Gullifer, R.N. They proceeded down the
+Pomeroon river, then up the Wyeena creek, travelled across to the
+Coioony, sailed down it, and then went up the Essequibo to the Rio
+Negro, which, it appears, connects the Amazons and Oroonoco rivers.
+At Bara, on the Rio Negro, Mr. Smith, from sitting so long cramped up
+in coorials or canoes, became affected with dropsy; and allowing himself
+to be tapped by an ignorant quack, died after a fortnight's illness.
+Lieutenant Gullifer sailed down the Rio Negro to the Amazons, and
+remained at Para for some months, till he heard from England. From
+domestic details he received at Para, he fell into low spirits, and
+proceeded to Trinidad, where, one morning, he was found suspended to
+a beam under the steeple of the Protestant church! His papers, and
+Mr. Smith's, consisting of journals of their travels, were sent to a
+brother of Lieutenant Gullifer's, on the Marocco coast of Essequibo,
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page380" name="page380"></a>[pg 380]</span>
+
+where I went and saw the papers, and was most anxious to obtain them for
+the Geographical Society; but Mr. Gullifer said that he must consult
+first with the other relatives.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Among other interesting details I found in the notes, I may mention
+the following:&mdash;High up the Essequibo they fell in with a nation of
+anthropophagi, of the Carib tribe. The chief received the travellers
+courteously, and placed before them fish with savoury sauce; which being
+removed, two human hands were brought in, and a steak of human flesh!
+The travellers thought that this might be part of a baboon of a new
+species; however, they declined the invitation to partake, saying that,
+in travelling, they were not allowed to eat animal food. The chief
+picked the bones of the hands with excellent appetite, and asked them
+how they had relished the fruit and the sauce. They replied that the
+fish was good and the sauce excellent. To which he answered, "Human
+flesh makes the best sauce for any food; these hands and the fish were
+all dressed together. You see these Macooshee men, our slaves; we lately
+captured these people in war, and their wives we eat from time to time."
+The travellers were horrified, but concealed their feelings, and before
+they retired for the night, they remarked that the Macooshee females
+were confined in a large logie, or shed, surrounded with a stockade of
+bamboos; so that, daily the fathers, husbands, and brothers of these
+unfortunate women, saw them brought out, knocked on the head, and
+devoured by the inhuman cannibals. Lieutenant Gullifer, who was <i>in
+bad condition</i>, got into his hammock and slept soundly; but Mr.
+Smith, being in excellent case, walked about all night, fearing that
+their landlord might take a fancy to a steak of white meat. They
+afterwards visited a cave, in which was a pool of water; the Indians
+requested them not to bathe in this, for if they did, they would die
+before the year was out. They laughed at their monitors and bathed; but
+sure enough were both "clods of the valley" before the twelvemonth had
+expired.&mdash;<i>Journal of the Geographical Society</i>, Part 2.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>
+Fine Arts.
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+CELEBRATED PAINTERS BORN AT ANTWERP.
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+Alexander Adriansen, born 1625, excelled in Fruit, Flowers, Fish, and
+Still Life; John Asselyn, 1610, Landscapes and Battles; Jacques Backer,
+1530, History; Francis Badens, 1571, History and Portraits; Hendrick Van
+Balen, 1560, History and Portraits; John Van Balen, 1611, History,
+Landscapes, and Boys; Cornelius Biskop, 1630, Portraits and History;
+John Francis Van Bloemen, called Orizzonte, 1656, Landscape; Peter Van
+Bloemen, Battles, Encampments, and Italian Markets; Norbert Van Bloemen,
+1672, Portraits and Conversations; Balthasar Vanden Bosch, 1675,
+Conversations and Portraits; Peter Van Breda, 1630, Landscapes and
+Cattle; John Van Breda, 1683, History, Landscapes, and Conversations;
+Charles Breydel, called Cavalier, 1677, Landscapes; Francis Breydel,
+1679, Portraits and Conversations; Paul Bril, 1554, Landscapes, large
+and small; Elias Vanden Broek, 1657, Flowers, Fruit, and Serpents;
+Abraham Brueghel, called the Neapolitan, 1692, Fruit and Flowers; Denis
+Calvart, 1555, History and Landscapes; Joseph, or Joas Van Cleef,
+History and Portraits; Henry and Martin Van Cleef, brothers, Henry
+painted Landscapes, and Martin History; Giles Corgnet, called Giles of
+Antwerp, 1530, History, grotesque; Egidius, or Gillies Coningsloo, or
+Conixlo, 1544, Landscapes; Gonzalo Coques, 1618, Portraits and
+Conversations; John Cosiers, 1603, History; Gasper de Crayer, 1585,
+History and Portraits; Jacques Denys, 1645, History and Portraits;
+William Derkye, History; John Baptist Van Deynum, 1620, Portraits in
+Miniature, and History in Water Colours; Peter Eykens, 1599, History;
+Francis Floris, called the Raphael of Flanders, 1520, History; James
+Fouquieres, 1580, Landscapes; Sebastian Franks, or Vranx, 1571,
+Conversations, History, Landscapes, and Battle Pieces; John Baptist
+Franks, or Vranx, 1600, History and Conversations; John Fytt, 1625, Live
+and Dead Animals, Birds, Fruit, Flowers, and Landscapes; William Gabron,
+Still Life; Abraham Genoels, 1640, Landscapes and Portraits; Sir
+Balthasar Gabier, 1592, Portrait in Miniature; Gillemans, 1672, Fruit
+and Still Life; Jacob Grimmer, 1510, Landscapes; Peter Hardime, Fruit
+and Flowers; Minderhout Hobbima, 1611, Landscapes; John Van Hoeck, 1600,
+History and Portraits; Robert Van Hoeck, 1609, Battles; Dirk, or
+Theodore Van Hoogeshaeten, 1596, Landscapes and Still Life; Cornelius
+Huysman, 1648, Landscapes and Animals; Abraham Janssens, 1569, History;
+John Van Kessel, 1626, Flowers, Portraits, Birds, Insects, and Reptiles;
+David De Koning, Animals, Birds, and Flowers; Balthasar Van Lemens,
+1637, History; N. Leyssens, 1661, History; Peter Van Lint, 1609, History
+and Portraits; Godfrey Maes, 1660, History; Quintin Matsys, 1460,
+History and Portraits; John Matsys, son of the above, Portrait and
+History; Minderhout, 1637, Sea Ports and Landscapes; Peter Neefs, the
+old, 1570, Churches, Perspective, and Architecture; William Van
+Nieulant, 1584, Landscapes and Architecture; Adam Van Oort, 1557,
+History, Portraits, and Landscapes; Bonarentine, Peters, 1614, Sea
+Pieces, and particularly Storms; Erasmus Quellinus, 1607, History;
+Jacques de Roore, 1686, History and Conversations; Martin Ryckaert,
+1591,
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page381" name="page381"></a>[pg 381]</span>
+
+Landscapes, with Architecture and Ruins; David Ryckaert, the younger,
+1615, Conversations, and Apparitions to St. Anthony; Anthony Schoonjans,
+1655, History and Portraits; Cornelius Schut, 1600, History; Peter
+Snayers, 1593, History, Battles, &amp;c.; Francis Snyders, 1579, Animals,
+Fruit, Still Life, and Landscapes; David Teniers, 1582, Conversations;
+Sir Anthony Van Dyke, 1599, History and Portraits; Paul Vansomer, 1576,
+Portraits; Lucas Vanuden, 1595, Landscapes; Adrian Van Utrecht, 1599,
+Birds, Fruit, Flowers, and Dead Game; Gasper Peter Verbruggen, 1668,
+Flowers; Simon Verelst, 1664, Fruit, Flowers, and Portraits; Verendael,
+1659, Fruit and Flowers; Tobias Verhaecht, 1566, Landscapes and
+Architecture; Martin de Vos, 1520, History, Landscape, and Portrait;
+Simon De Vos, 1603, History, Portraits, and Hunting; Lucas De Waal,
+1591, Battles and Landscapes; Adam Willaerts, 1577, Storms, Calms, and
+Sea Ports; John Wildens, 1584, Landscapes and Figures.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Peter Paul Rubens was of a distinguished family at <i>Antwerp</i>; but
+his father being (says Pilkington) under the necessity of quitting his
+country, to avoid the calamities attendant on a civil war, retired for
+security to Cologne; and during his residence in that city Rubens was
+born, in 1577. The day of his nativity was the Feast of St. Peter and
+St. Paul; and thence he received at the baptismal font the names of
+these apostles.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Having been absent from his native country eight years, he was summoned
+home by the repeated illness of his mother; but, though he hastened with
+all speed, he did not reach Antwerp in time to afford his beloved parent
+the consolations of his presence and affections. The loss of her
+affected him deeply; and he intended, when he had arranged his private
+affairs, to go and reside in Italy; but the Archduke Albert and the
+Infanta Isabella exerted their interest to retain him in Flanders, and
+in their service. He consequently established himself at Antwerp, where
+he married his first wife, Elizabeth Brants, and built a magnificent
+house, with a saloon in form of a rotunda, which he enriched with
+antique statues, busts, vases, and pictures, by the most celebrated
+masters; and here, surrounded by works of art, he carried, (says his
+biographer,) into execution those numberless productions of his prolific
+and rich invention, which once adorned his native country, but now are
+become the spoil of war, and the tokens of conquest and ambition,
+shining with equal lustre among super-eminent productions of painting in
+the gallery of the Louvre.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The whole of the paintings, except two, which adorn the gallery of the
+Luxembourg, were executed at Antwerp, by Rubens, for Mary de Medici.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+He died in the year 1640, at the age of 63; and was buried, with
+extraordinary pomp, in the church of St. James, at Antwerp, under the
+altar of his private chapel, which he had previously decorated with a
+very fine picture.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+P.T.W.
+</h4>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>
+The Public Journals.
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+ADVENTURE WITH A SHARK.
+</h3>
+
+<center>
+(<i>Abridged from Tom Cringle's Log, in Blackwood's Magazine.</i>)
+</center>
+
+<p>
+During the night we stood off and on under easy sail, and next morning,
+when the day broke, with a strong breeze and a fresh shower, we were
+about two miles of the Moro Castle, at the entrance of Santiago de Cuba.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The fresh green shores of this glorious island lay before us, fringed
+with white surf, as the everlasting ocean in its approach to it
+gradually changed its dark blue colour, as the water shoaled, into a
+bright, joyous green under the blazing sun, as if in sympathy with the
+genius of the fair land, before it tumbled at his feet its gently
+swelling billows, in shaking thunders on the reefs and rocky face of the
+coast, against which they were driven up in clouds, the incense of their
+sacrifice. The undulating hills in the vicinity were all either cleared,
+and covered with the greenest verdure that imagination can picture, over
+which strayed large herds of cattle, or with forests of gigantic trees,
+from amongst which, every now and then, peeped out some palm-thatched
+mountain settlement, with its small thread of blue smoke floating up
+into the calm, clear morning air, while the blue hills in the distance
+rose higher and higher, and more and more blue, and dreamy, and
+indistinct, until their rugged summits could not be distinguished from
+the clouds through the glimmering hot haze of the tropics.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A very melancholy accident happened to a poor boy on board, of about
+fifteen years of age, who had already become a great favourite of mine
+from his modest, quiet deportment, as well as of all the
+gunroom-officers, although he had not been above a fortnight in the
+ship. He had let himself down over the bows by the cable to bathe. There
+were several of his comrades standing on the forecastle looking at him,
+and he asked one of them to go out on the spritsail-yard, and look
+round to see if there were any sharks in the neighbourhood; but all
+around was deep, clear, green water. He kept hold of the cable, however,
+and seemed determined not to put himself in harm's way, until a little,
+wicked urchin, who used to wait on the warrant-officers' mess, a small
+meddling snipe of a creature, who got flogged in well behaved weeks
+<i>only</i> once, began to taunt my little mild favourite.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"Why, you chicken-heart, I'll wager a thimbleful of grog, that such a
+tailor as you
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page382" name="page382"></a>[pg 382]</span>
+
+are in the water can't for the life of you swim but to the buoy there."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"Never you mind, Pepperbottom," said the boy, giving the imp the name he
+had richly earned by repeated flagellations. "Never you mind. I am not
+ashamed to show my naked hide, you know. But it is against orders in
+these seas to go overboard, unless with a sail underfoot; so I sha'n't
+run the risk of being tatooed by the boatswain's mate, like some one I
+could tell of."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"Coward," muttered the little wasp, "you are afraid, sir;" and the other
+boys abetting the mischief-maker, the lad was goaded to leave his hold
+of the cable, and strike out for the buoy. He reached it, and then
+turned, and pulled towards the ship again, when he caught my eye.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"Who is that overboard? How dare you, sir, disobey the standing order of
+the ship? Come in, boy; come in."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+My hailing the little fellow shoved him off his balance, and he lost his
+presence of mind for a moment or two, during which he, if any thing,
+widened his distance from the ship.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+At this instant the lad on the spritsail-yard sung out quick and
+suddenly, "A shark, a shark!"
+</p>
+
+<p>
+And the monster, like a silver pillar, suddenly shot up perpendicularly
+from out the dark green depths of the sleeping pool, with the waters
+sparkling and hissing around him, as if he had been a sea-demon rushing
+on his prey.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"Pull for the cable, Louis," shouted fifty voices at once&mdash;"pull for the
+cable."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The boy did so&mdash;we all ran forward. He reached the cable&mdash;grasped it
+with both hands, and hung on, but before he could swing himself out of
+the water, the fierce fish had turned. His whitish-green belly glanced
+in the sun&mdash;the poor little fellow gave a heart-splitting yell, which
+was shattered amongst the impending rocks into piercing echoes, and
+these again were reverberated from cavern to cavern, until they died
+away amongst the hollows in the distance, as if they had been the faint
+shrieks of the damned&mdash;yet he held fast for a second or two&mdash;the
+ravenous tyrant of the sea tug, tugging at him, till the stiff, taught
+cable shook again. At length he was torn from his hold, but did not
+disappear; the animal continuing on the surface crunching his prey with
+his teeth, and digging at him with his jaws, as if trying to gorge a
+morsel too large to be swallowed, and making the water flash up in foam
+over the boats in pursuit, by the powerful strokes of his tail, but
+without ever letting go his hold. The poor lad only cried once more&mdash;but
+such a cry&mdash;oh, God, I never shall forget it!&mdash;and, could it be
+possible, in his last shriek, his piercing expiring cry, his young voice
+seemed to pronounce my name&mdash;at least so I thought at the time, and
+others thought so too. The next moment he appeared quite dead. No less
+than three boats had been in the water alongside when the accident
+happend, and they were all on the spot by this time. And there was the
+bleeding and mangled boy, torn along the surface of the water by the
+shark, with the boats in pursuit, leaving a long stream of blood,
+mottled with white specks of fat and marrow in his wake. At length the
+man in the bow of the gig laid hold of him by the arm, another sailor
+caught the other arm, boat-hooks and oars were dug into and launched at
+the monster, who relinquished his prey at last, stripping off the flesh,
+however, from the upper part of the right thigh, until his teeth reached
+the knee, where he nipped the shank clean off, and made sail with the
+leg in his jaws. Poor little Louis never once moved after we took him
+in.&mdash;I thought I heard a small, still, stern voice thrill along my
+nerves, as if an echo of the beating of my heart had become articulate.
+"Thomas, a fortnight ago, you impressed that poor boy, who <i>was</i>,
+and <i>now is not</i>, out of a Bristol ship." Alas, conscience spoke no
+more than the truth.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Our instructions were to lie at St. Jago, until three British ships,
+then loading, were ready for sea, and then to convey them through the
+Caicos, or windward passage. As our stay was therefore likely to be ten
+days or a fortnight at the shortest, the boats were hoisted out, and
+we made our little arrangements and preparations for taking all the
+recreation in our power, and our worthy skipper, taught and stiff as he
+was at sea, always encouraged all kinds of fun and larking, both amongst
+the men and the officers on occasions like the present. Amongst his
+other pleasant qualities, he was a great boat-racer, constantly building
+and altering gigs, and pulling-boats, at his own expense, and matching
+the men against each other for small prizes. He had just finished what
+the old carpenter considered his <i>chef-d'&oelig;uvre</i>, and a curious
+affair this same masterpiece was. In the first place it was forty-two
+feet long over all, and only three and a half feet beam&mdash;the planking
+was not much above an eighth of an inch in thickness, so that if one
+of the crew had slipped his foot off the stretcher, it must have gone
+through the bottom. There was a standing order that no man was to go
+into it with shoes on. She was to pull six oars, and her crew were the
+captains of the tops, the primest seamen in the ship, and the steersman
+no less a character than the skipper himself.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Her name, for I love to be particular, was the Dragon-fly; she was
+painted out and in of a bright red, amounting to a flame colour&mdash;oars
+red&mdash;the men wearing trousers and shirts of red flannel, and red net
+night caps&mdash;which common uniform the captain himself wore, I think I
+have said before, that he
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page383" name="page383"></a>[pg 383]</span>
+
+was a very handsome man, and when he had taken his seat, and the
+<i>gigs</i>, all fine men, were seated each with his oar held upright
+upon his knees ready to be dropped into the water at the same instant,
+the craft and her crew formed to my eye as pretty a plaything for grown
+children as ever was seen. "Give way, men," the oars dipped as clean as
+so many knives, without a sparkle, the gallant fellows stretched out,
+and away shot the Dragon-fly, like an arrow, the green water foaming
+into white smoke at the bows, and hissing away in her wake.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+She disappeared in a twinkling round a reach of the canal where we were
+anchored, and we, that is the gunroom-officers, all except the second
+lieutenant, who had the watch, and the master, now got into our own gig
+also, rowed by ourselves, and away we all went in a covey; the purser
+and doctor, and three of the middies forward, Thomas Cringle, gent.,
+pulling the stroke oar, with old Moses Yerk as coxswain;&mdash;and as the
+Dragon-flies were all red, so we were all sea-green, boat, oars,
+trousers, shirts, and night-caps. The strain was between the <i>Devil's
+Darning Needle</i> and our boat, the <i>Watersprite</i>, which was making
+capital play, for although we had not the <i>bottom</i> of the
+<i>top</i>men, yet we had more blood, so to speak, and we had already
+beaten them, in their last gig, all to sticks. But the Dragon-fly was a
+new boat, and now in the water for the first time. * * *
+</p>
+
+<p>
+We were both of us so intent on our own match, that we lost sight of
+the Spaniard altogether, and the captain and the first lieutenant were
+bobbing in the sternsheets of their respective gigs like a couple of
+<i>souple Tams</i>, as intent on the game as if all our lives had
+depended on it, when in an instant the long, black, dirty prow of the
+canoe was thrust in between us, the old Don singing out, "<i>Dexa mi
+lugar, paysanos, dexa mi lugar, mis hijos.</i>"<a id="footnotetag12" name="footnotetag12"></a><a href="#footnote12"><sup>12</sup></a> We kept away right
+and left, to look at the miracle; and there lay the canoe, rumbling and
+splashing, with her crew walloping about, and grinning and yelling like
+incarnate fiends, and as naked as the day they were born, and the old
+Don himself, so staid and sedate, and drawley as he was a minute before,
+now all alive, shouting, "<i>Tira, diablitos, tira</i>,"<a id="footnotetag13" name="footnotetag13"></a><a href="#footnote13"><sup>13</sup></a> flourishing
+a small paddle, with which he steered, about his head like a wheel, and
+dancing and jumping about in his seat, as if his bottom had been a
+<i>haggis</i> with quicksilver in it.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"Zounds," roared the skipper,&mdash;"why, topmen&mdash;why gentlemen, give way for
+the honour of the ship&mdash;Gentlemen, stretch out&mdash;Men, pull like devils;
+twenty pounds if you beat him."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+It was now the evening, near night-fall. A splendid scene burst upon
+our view, on rounding a precipitous rock, from the crevices of which
+some magnificent trees shot up&mdash;their gnarled trunks and twisted
+branches overhanging the canal where we were pulling, and anticipating
+the fast falling darkness that was creeping over the fair face of
+nature; and there we floated, in the deep shadow of the cliff and
+trees&mdash;Dragon-flies and Water-sprites, motionless and silent, and the
+boats floating so lightly that they scarcely seemed to touch the water,
+the men resting on their oars, and all of us wrapped with the
+magnificence of the scenery around us, beneath us, and above us.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The left or western bank of the narrow entrance to the harbour, from
+which we were now debouching, ran out in all its precipitousness and
+beauty, (with its dark evergreen bushes overshadowing the deep blue
+waters, and its gigantic trees shooting forth high into the glowing
+western sky, their topmost branches gold-tipped in the flood of radiance
+shed by the rapidly sinking sun, while all below where we lay was grey
+cold shade,) until it joined the northern shore, when it sloped away
+gradually towards the east; the higher parts of the town sparkling in
+the evening sun, on this dun ridge, like a golden tower on the back
+of an elephant, while the houses that were in the shade covered the
+declivity, until it sank down to the water's edge. On the right hand the
+haven opened boldly out into a basin about four miles broad by seven
+long, in which the placid waters spread out beyond the shadow of the
+western bank into one vast sheet of molten gold, with the canoe tearing
+along the shining surface, her side glancing in the sun, and her paddles
+flashing back his rays, and leaving a long train of living fire
+sparkling in her wake.&mdash;It was now about six o'clock in the evening; the
+sun had set to us, as we pulled along under the frowning brow of the
+cliff, where the birds were fast settling on their nightly perches, with
+small happy twitterings, and the lizards and numberless other chirping
+things began to send forth their evening hymn to the great Being who
+made them and us, and a solitary white-sailing owl would every now and
+then flit spectrelike from one green tuft, across the bald face of the
+cliff, to another, and the small divers around us were breaking up the
+black surface of the waters into little sparkling circles as they fished
+for their suppers. All was becoming brown and indistinct near us; but
+the level beams of the setting sun still lingered with a golden radiance
+upon the lovely city, and the shipping at anchor before it, making their
+sails, where loosed to dry, glance like leaves of gold, and their spars,
+and masts, and rigging like wires of gold, and gilding their flags,
+which were waving majestically and slow from the peaks in the evening
+breeze; and the Moorish-looking
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page384" name="page384"></a>[pg 384]</span>
+
+steeples of the churches were yet sparkling in the glorious blaze, which
+was gradually deepening into gorgeous crimson, while the large pillars
+of the cathedral, then building on the highest part of the ridge, stood
+out like brazen monuments, softening even as we looked into a Stonehenge
+of amethysts.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+We had not pulled fifty yards, when we heard the distant rattle of the
+muskets of the sentries at the gangways, as they discharged them at
+sundown, and were remarking, as we were rowing leisurely along, upon the
+strange effect produced by the reports, as they were frittered away
+amongst the overhanging cliffs in chattering reverberations, when the
+captain suddenly sung out, "Oars!" All hands lay on them. "Look there,"
+he continued&mdash;"There&mdash;between the gigs&mdash;saw you ever any thing like
+that, gentlemen?" We all leant over; and although the boats, from the
+<i>way</i> they had, were skimming along nearer seven than five
+knots&mdash;<i>there</i> lay a large shark; he must have been twelve feet
+long at the shortest, swimming right in the middle, and equi-distant
+from both, and keeping <i>way</i> with us most accurately.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+He was distinctly visible, from the strong and vivid phosphorescence
+excited by his rapid motion through the sleeping waters of the dark
+creek, which lit up his jaws, and head, and whole body; his eyes were
+especially luminous, while a long wake of sparkles streamed away astern
+of him from the lashing of his tail. As the boats lost their speed,
+the luminousness of his appearance faded gradually as he shortened
+sail also, until he disappeared altogether. He was then at rest, and
+suspended motionless in the water; and the only thing that indicated
+his proximity, was an occasional sparkle from the motion of a fin. We
+brought the boats nearer together, after pulling a stroke or two, but he
+seemed to sink as we closed, until at last we could merely distinguish
+an indistinct halo far down in the clear black profound. But as we
+separated, and resumed our original position, he again rose near the
+surface; and although the ripple and dip of the oars rendered him
+invisible while we were pulling, yet the moment we again rested on them,
+there was the monster, like a persecuting fiend, once more right between
+us, glaring on us, and apparently watching every motion. It was a
+terrible spectacle, and rendered still more striking by the melancholy
+occurrence of the forenoon. "That's the very identical, damnable
+<i>baste</i> himself, as murthered poor little Louis this morning, yeer
+honour; I knows him from the torn flesh of him under his larboard
+blinker, sir&mdash;just where Wiggen's boat hook punished him," quoth the
+Irish captain of the mizzen-top.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"A water-kelpie," murmured another of the Captain's gigs, a Scotchman.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The men were evidently alarmed, "Stretch out, men: never mind the shark.
+He can't jump into the boat surely," said the skipper. "What the deuce
+are you afraid of?"
+</p>
+
+<p>
+We arrived within pistol-shot of the ship.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+As we approached, the sentry hailed, "Boat, ahoy!"
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"Firebrand," sung out the skipper, in reply.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"Man the side&mdash;gangway lanterns there," quoth the officer on duty; and
+by the time we were close to, there were two sidesmen over the side with
+the manropes ready stuck out to our grasp, and two boys with lanterns
+above them. We got on deck.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>
+The Gatherer.
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+<i>The Emperor Adrian and the Architect Apollodorus.</i>&mdash;When
+Apollodorus was conversing with Trajan on some plans of architecture,
+Adrian interfered, and gave an opinion, which the artist treated with
+contempt. "Go," says he, "and paint gourds" (an amusement which Adrian
+was fond of), "for you are very ignorant of the subject on which we are
+conversing." When Adrian became emperor, the affront was remembered, and
+it prevented Apollodorus from being employed. Nor was the opinion which
+Apollodorus gave with respect to the plans of a sumptuous temple of
+Venus forgotten: viz.&mdash;upon seeing the statues sitting, as they were,
+in the temple (which, it seems, wanted much of its due proportion in
+height), he said, "if the goddesses should ever attempt to stand upon
+their feet, they would assuredly break their heads against the ceiling."
+Adrian, meanly jealous and inexcusably revengeful, banished the
+architect, and having caused him to be accused of various crimes, put
+him to death.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+P.T.W.
+</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+Juan Rufa said&mdash;"There are two classes of persons who are inconsolable,
+the rich on the point of death, and women on the departure of their
+beauty." He said, on another occasion, "that he who defined a compliment
+to be an agreeable falsehood, which serves as a net to catch dupes, was
+not far short of the truth, since the greater part of compliments are
+expressions directly at variance with internal conviction."
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+Dice are said to have been invented by Palamedes, at the siege of Troy,
+for the amusement of the soldiers.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+	ANNUALS FOR 1833.
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+The time requisite for the completion of a large and picturesque
+Engraving compels us to defer the Supplement, containing the SPIRIT
+of the ANNUALS, till our next Number.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p>
+<i>Printed and published by J. LIMBIRD, 143. Strand, (near Somerset
+House,) London; sold by G.G. BENNIS, 55, Rue Neuve, St. Augustin,
+Paris; CHARLES JUGEL, Francfort; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers</i>.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a>
+<b>Footnote 1</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+Copied by permission of the proprietors and publishers, Messrs.
+Moon, Boys, and Graves.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a>
+<b>Footnote 2</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+The name of Antwerp, says an ingenious correspondent, at p. 287,
+vol. xiv. of <i>The Mirror</i>, is derived from <i>Hand-werpen</i>, or
+<i>Hand-thrown</i>: so called from a legend, which informs us that on
+the site of the present city once stood the castle of a giant,
+who was accustomed to amuse himself by cutting off and casting
+into the river the right hands of the unfortunate wights that
+fell into his power; but that being at last conquered himself,
+his own immense hand was disposed off, with poetical justice, in
+the same way. We quote this passage in a note, as it is only
+worthy of place <i>beneath</i> facts of sober history.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a>
+<b>Footnote 3</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+See Antwerp described from a <i>Tour in South Holland</i> in the
+<i>Family Library</i>, at p. 109. vol. xviii of <i>The Mirror</i>.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote4" name="footnote4"></a>
+<b>Footnote 4</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a>
+See Antwerp Cathedral, <i>Mirror</i>, vol. xiv, p. 286.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote5" name="footnote5"></a>
+<b>Footnote 5</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a>
+Vol. iv. p. 10 and 50.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote6" name="footnote6"></a>
+<b>Footnote 6</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag6">(return)</a>
+Welsh name of Somersetshire.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote7" name="footnote7"></a>
+<b>Footnote 7</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag7">(return)</a>
+Culverwell on Bathing.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote8" name="footnote8"></a>
+<b>Footnote 8</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag8">(return)</a>
+<span class="greek" title="thermai">&theta;&epsilon;&rho;&mu;&alpha;&#x0300;&iota;</span>&mdash;hot springs.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote9" name="footnote9"></a>
+<b>Footnote 9</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag9">(return)</a>
+These baths, impregnated with medicinal herbs, and other
+preparations, are at the present day gaining great repute for
+the cure of cutaneous diseases, and other complaints.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote10" name="footnote10"></a>
+<b>Footnote 10</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag10">(return)</a>
+<!-- Footnotes -->
+From a drawing, obligingly furnished by Mr. George Bennett,
+Member of the Royal College of Surgeons in London, &amp;c.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote11" name="footnote11"></a>
+<b>Footnote 11</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag11">(return)</a>
+Abridged from the <i>United Service Journal</i>.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote12" name="footnote12"></a>
+<b>Footnote 12</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag12">(return)</a>
+"Leave me room, countrymen&mdash;leave me room, my children."
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote13" name="footnote13"></a>
+<b>Footnote 13</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag13">(return)</a>
+Equivalent to "Pull, you devils, pull!"
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, No. 579, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE ***
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, No. 579, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, No. 579
+       Volume 20, No. 579, December 8, 1832
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: April 4, 2005 [EBook #15536]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. XX, No. 579.] SATURDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1832. [PRICE 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: ANTWERP.]
+
+
+
+
+ANTWERP.
+
+
+This Engraving may prove a welcome pictorial accompaniment to a score
+of plans of "the seat of war," in illustration of the leading topic of
+the day. The view may be relied on for accuracy; it being a transfer of
+the engraving in "Select Views of the Principal Cities of Europe, from
+Original Paintings, by Lieutenant Colonel Batty, F.R.S.[1]" We have so
+recently described the city, that our present notice must be confined
+to a brief outline.
+
+Antwerp, one of the chief cities of the Netherlands, is situated on the
+river Scheldt, 22 miles north of Brussels, and 65 south of Amsterdam:
+longitude 4 deg. 23' East; latitude 51 deg. 13' North. It is called by Latin
+writers, _Antverpia_, or _Andoverpum_; by the Germans, _Antorf_; by
+the Spanish, _Anveres_; and by the French, _Anvers_.[2] The city is of
+great antiquity, and is supposed by some to have existed before the time
+of Caesar. It was much enlarged by John, the first Duke of Brabant, in
+1201; by John, the third, in 1314; and by the Emperor Charles V. in
+1543: it has always been a place of commercial importance, and about
+twenty years after the last mentioned date, the trade is concluded to
+have been at its greatest height; the number of inhabitants was then
+computed at 200,000. A few years subsequently, Antwerp suffered much in
+the infamous war against religious freedom, projected by the detestable
+Philip II. (son of Charles V.) and executed by the sanguinary Duke
+of Alva, whose cruelty has scarcely a parallel in history. In this
+merciless crusade, Alva boasted that he had consigned 18,000 persons
+to the executioner; and with vanity as disgusting as his cruelty, he
+placed a statue of himself in Antwerp, in which he was figured trampling
+on the necks of two statues, representing the two estates of the Low
+Countries. Before the termination of the war, not less than 600 houses
+in the city were burnt, and 6 or 7,000 of the inhabitants killed or
+drowned. Antwerp was retaken and repaired by the Prince of Parma, in
+1585. It has since that time been captured and re-captured so frequently
+as to render its decreasing prosperity a sad lesson, if such proof were
+wanting, of the baleful scourge of war. The reader need scarcely be
+reminded that the last and severest blow to the prosperity of Antwerp
+was occasioned by the overthrow of Buonaparte, when, by the treaty of
+peace signed in 1814, her naval establishment was utterly destroyed.[3]
+The population has dwindled to little more than one-fourth of the
+original number, its present number scarcely exceeding 60,000.
+
+The annexed view is taken from the _Tete de Flandre_, a fortified
+port on the left bank of the river Scheldt, immediately opposite to the
+city, and now in the possession of the Dutch. The river here is a broad
+and noble stream, and at high water navigable for vessels of large
+tonnage. A short distance below the town the banks are elevated, like
+part of Millbank, near Vauxhall Bridge; and the situation has much the
+same character. The river is here about twice the width of the Thames
+at London Bridge, and it flows with great rapidity.
+
+Lieut.-Colonel Batty observes, "there is perhaps no city in the north of
+Europe which, on inspection, awakens greater interest" than Antwerp. It
+abounds in fine old buildings, which bear testimony to its former wealth
+and importance. The three most aspiring points in the View are--1. the
+Church of St. Paul, richly dight with pictures by Teniers, De Crayer,
+Quellyn, De Vos, Jordaens, &c.; 2. the tower of the Hotel de Ville, the
+whole facade of which is little short of 300 feet, a part of the front
+being cased with variegated marble, and ornamented with statues; 3. the
+lofty and richly-embellished Tower of the Cathedral of Notre Dame,
+forming the most striking object from whichever side we view the city.
+The interior is enriched with valuable paintings by Flemish masters; the
+height of the spire is stated at 460 feet.[4]
+
+The distance from the mouth of the Scheldt to Antwerp is usually
+reckoned to be sixty-two miles, allowing for the bending of the river.
+At Lillo, an important fortress, the appearance of the city of Antwerp
+becomes an interesting object, and the more imposing the nearer the
+traveller approaches along the last reach of the Scheldt.
+
+Antwerp has been the birthplace of many learned men--as, Ortelius, an
+eminent mathematician and antiquary of the sixteenth century, and the
+friend of our Camden; Gorleus, a celebrated medallist, of the same
+period; Andrew Schott, a learned Jesuit, and the friend of Scaliger;
+Lewis Nonnius, a distinguished physician and erudite scholar, born early
+in the seventeenth century. Few places have produced so many painters of
+merit, as will be seen at page 380, by a well-timed communication from
+our early correspondent P.T.W.
+
+    [1] Copied by permission of the proprietors and publishers, Messrs.
+        Moon, Boys, and Graves.
+
+    [2] The name of Antwerp, says an ingenious correspondent, at p. 287,
+        vol. xiv. of _The Mirror_, is derived from _Hand-werpen_, or
+        _Hand-thrown_: so called from a legend, which informs us that on
+        the site of the present city once stood the castle of a giant,
+        who was accustomed to amuse himself by cutting off and casting
+        into the river the right hands of the unfortunate wights that
+        fell into his power; but that being at last conquered himself,
+        his own immense hand was disposed off, with poetical justice, in
+        the same way. We quote this passage in a note, as it is only
+        worthy of place _beneath_ facts of sober history.
+
+    [3] See Antwerp described from a _Tour in South Holland_ in the
+        _Family Library_, at p. 109. vol. xviii of _The Mirror_.
+
+    [4] See Antwerp Cathedral, _Mirror_, vol. xiv, p. 286.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A MALTESE LEGEND.
+
+
+  Hark, in the bower of yonder tower,
+    What maiden so sweetly sings,
+  As the eagle flies through the sunny skies
+    He stayeth his golden wings;
+  And swiftly descends, and his proud neck bends,
+    And his eyes they stream with glare,
+  And gaze with delight, on her looks so bright,
+    As he motionless treads the air.
+  But his powerful wings, as she sweetly sings,
+    They droop to the briny wave,
+  And slowly he falls near the castle walls,
+    And sinks to his ocean grave.
+  Was it arrow unseen with glancing sheen,
+    The twang of the string unheard,
+  Sped from hunter's bow, that has laid him low,
+    And has pierced that kingly bird?
+  That has brought his flight, from the realms of light,
+    Where his hues in ether glow,
+  To float for awhile in the sun's last smile,
+    Then dim to the depths below?
+  No! the pow'rful spell, that had wrought too well,
+    Was sung by a maiden true,
+  And it breath'd and flow'd, to her love who row'd,
+    His path through the seas of blue.
+  As she saw his sail, by the gentle gale,
+    Slow borne to her lofty bower,
+  Her heart it beat, in her high retreat,
+    She sang by a spell-bound power:
+
+      "Zephyr winds, with gentlest motion
+      Urge his bark the blue waves o'er;
+      Cease your wild and deep commotion
+      Waft him safely to the shore.
+
+      "Lovely art thou crested billow,
+      On thy whiteness rests his eye,
+      Thou art to his bark a pillow,
+      Thou dost hear his ev'ry sigh.
+
+      "Would I were yon dolphin dancing
+      Round his fragile vessel's stern;
+      Ev'ry gaze my soul entrancing,
+      I would woo him though he spurn."
+
+  Here she rais'd her eyes, to the once bright skies,
+    For she heard the deep sea groan,
+  And her song it stopp'd, and her hands they drop'd,
+    Her face grew white as the foam;
+  For the lovely blue, was hid from her view,
+    By a black and mighty cloud!
+  She saw in each wave, a watery grave,
+    And again she sang aloud:
+
+      "But the clouds are rolling heavy,
+      Fitful gusts distend his sail;
+      See the whirlpool's foaming eddy,
+      Hear the seagull's mournful wail.
+
+      "Now his vessel greets the thunder,
+      Now she rests on ocean's bed,
+      Where in shrines of pearl and amber,
+      Youthful lovers, love, though dead.
+
+      "Gracious Heaven! in mercy spare him,
+      Shield him with thine arm of pow'r;
+      On thy wings, oh! Father, bear him
+      Through this dark and troubled hour.
+
+      "In yon convent then to-morrow
+      Will I give to thee my days;
+      Flee this world of grief and sorrow,
+      Endless sing thee hymns of praise.
+
+      "But if thou hast bid us sever,
+      Till we reach the heavenly shore,
+      I will steer my bark, where never,
+      Waves nor death shall part us more.
+
+      "We will roam the plains of ocean,
+      Tread the sands where rubies shine,
+      Drink from starry founts the potion
+      Mortals taste, and grow divine.
+
+      "But his vessel's sinking slowly,
+      And mine hour of death is near;
+      Yet I shrink not,--sweet and holy
+      Is the end that knows no fear."
+
+  Scarce the words had died, and the crimson tide,
+    Flow'd calm in her heaving breast,
+  When she flew to the wave, to share his grave,
+    And taste of his final rest.
+  And the fishermen boast, who dwell on that coast,
+    That after the ev'ning bell
+  Has toll'd the hour, in sleet and in shower,
+    They float on a golden shell.
+  And all night they roam, where the breakers foam,
+    When the moonbeams streak the waves,
+  But when morn awakes and the twilight breaks,
+    They glide to their coral caves.
+
+
+_Leeds._
+
+T.W.H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Manners and Customs.
+
+
+EARLY INHABITANTS OF BRITAIN.
+
+(_To the Editor._)
+
+
+In your Correspondent _Selim's_ laudable endeavour to vindicate
+the ancient inhabitants of this island from the character of barbarians
+given them by Caesar, he has made some errors, which, with your
+permission, I will attempt to rectify. First, I beg leave to dissent
+from the derivation of the word Druid, "Druidh," a wise man, as such
+a word is not to be found in the Welsh language. In one of your early
+volumes[5] there is a letter from a Correspondent, deriving the word (in
+the above language it is written Derwydd) from Dar and Gwydd, signifying
+chief in the presence, as the religious ceremonies of the Druids were
+considered to be performed in the presence of the Deity. This may seem
+far fetched; but, according to the genius of the language, any word
+commencing with _g_, and having another word prefixed, the sound of
+the _g_ is always dropped: therefore, those words would be written
+Dar-wydd, only a difference of one letter from the proper word.
+
+With regard to the statement of the Druids being "ever foremost in the
+battle strife," as your Correspondent has quoted Caesar, I am surprised
+that he has overlooked this passage: "The Druids were exempt from all
+military payment, and excused from serving in the wars;" indeed, one of
+the main objects of Bardism was to maintain peace, and the use of arms
+was therefore prohibited to its members; though in later times it was
+one of the duties of the king's domestic bard, on the day of battle,
+to sing in front of the army the national song of "Unbennaeth Prydain"
+(the Monarchy of Britain,) for the purpose of animating the soldiers.
+
+It is not possible that a people possessing the three orders of Druid,
+Bard, and Ovate, who, (leaving their poetry out of the question for the
+present,) were able to raise the immense piles of Abury and Stonehenge,
+could be the barbarians they are thought to be; and those who could
+raise such immense blocks of stone deserve at least credit for
+ingenuity. Now, it does not appear to me to require a great stretch of
+fancy to believe that the requisite knowledge was obtained of the
+architects of the Pyramids, Temples, and cities of Egypt and the east:
+and this is not improbable; as, according to the Triads, the Cymmry (or
+Welsh) came from the Gwlad yr Haf,[6] (the summer country) the present
+Taurida; and further, Herodotus says, that a nation called Cimmerians,
+(very much like their own name,) dwelt in that part of Europe and the
+neighbouring parts of Asia. Other historians are of similar opinion, and
+considering the numerous emigrations from Egypt, caused by religious
+persecutions and conquests, it is very likely that some of their priests
+or learned men were among those exiles, and that they communicated their
+knowledge to the same description of persons belonging to the nations
+with whom they sojourned. The founders of Athens and Thebes were exiles;
+and the Philistines, noted for their constant wars with the Jews, were
+originally expelled from Egypt. I have been informed that there has been
+found in the southern part of the United States, the remains of a
+building similar in its appearance to Stonehenge. Did a remnant of those
+Druids or Priests erect this and the Temples of Mexico, and leave behind
+them those implements of war and industry that have been found in the
+soil and in the mines of America? and to equal the manufacture of which,
+all the resources of modern art have proved inadequate. It appears that
+there existed at a most remote period, a sort of Freemasonry of priests,
+bards, and architects, who, and their successors extended themselves
+over the whole world; for, to whom else can be ascribed those stupendous
+structures, the ruins of which at the present day excite our admiration
+and wonder, and may be traced over Asia, Egypt, along the shores of the
+Mediterranean, in Britain and America. That the ancients knew of America
+is not improbable, when we recollect the extent of the voyages of the
+Phoenicians and Carthaginians, and what has been said of the great
+Island of Atlantis; it is not likely that Prince Madog would have
+sailed in search of a distant land if he had not heard something of its
+existence. In the fifth century, a chieftain named Gafran ab Aeddan,
+went in search of some islands called Gwerddonau Lliou, (Green Isles
+of the Floods,) supposed to be the Canaries; but whether he succeeded
+in reaching them is not known, as he was never heard of after he left
+Britain. This is a proof that the Welsh at least, had heard of distant
+lands in the Atlantic Ocean: another curious fact is, that the worship
+of the sun was prevalent in all the countries in which those remains
+have been found. In conclusion, I beg leave to say that the people could
+not be very barbarous, who were in the habit of hearing such precepts
+as "the three ultimate objects of bardism--to reform _manners_ and
+_customs_, to secure _peace_, and to extol every thing that is good."
+
+_Llundain_.
+
+CYMMRO.
+
+
+    [5] Vol. iv. p. 10 and 50.
+
+    [6] Welsh name of Somersetshire.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BATHING--ANCIENT AND MODERN BATHS.
+
+
+Perhaps neither of the exercises that are indispensable to the health
+and comfort of man has so kept pace with his progressive improvement as
+bathing; and though of late years this effectual promoter of cleanliness
+has not in some parts of the world been sufficiently attended to,
+yet the custom is by no means on the decrease; nor can any fear be
+entertained, with propriety, that so excellent and so natural an
+expedient should ever be suffered to decline, from want of consideration
+of its benefits and advantages. But it must be owned, that while bathing
+in many countries is resorted to as a matter-of-course affair among all
+classes, in England it is in a great measure disregarded by most of the
+middle classes, and almost entirely so by those in the lower station of
+life, who perhaps require this exercise more than their richer
+neighbours.
+
+A medical writer of the present day observes, with some grounds for
+complaint, that while "in almost all countries, both in ancient and
+modern times, whether rude or civilized, bathing was a part of the
+necessary and everyday business of life, in this country alone, with
+all its refinements in the arts which contribute to the happiness or
+comfort of man, and with all its improvements in medical science and
+jurisprudence, this salutary and luxurious practice is almost entirely
+neglected."[7] But in many countries, particularly in the east, bathing
+is as much resorted to as ever; and its really powerful effects in
+invigorating the frame and promoting the porous secretions, (without
+which life itself cannot be long continued,) require only to be once
+known to be persevered in.
+
+Among the ancients, bathing was far more generally practised than at
+the present day. In the city of Alexandria, there were 4,000 public
+baths; and the height of refinement in this luxury among the Romans is
+almost incredible. In addition to the private baths, with which almost
+every house was supplied, public baths were built, sometimes at the
+public cost, and often at the expense of private individuals, who
+nobly conceived their wealth to be laudably expended in giving each of
+their fellow-citizens the means of procuring, free of expense, bodily
+cleanliness and comfort. These baths were generally very extensive, and
+fitted up with every possible convenience;--the passages and apartments
+were paved with marbles of every hue, and the tesselated floors were
+adorned with representations of gladiatorial engagements, hunting,
+racing, and a variety of subjects from the mythology. In the
+_Thermae_ at Rome, ingenuity and magnificence seem exhausted; and
+the elegance of the architecture, and the vast range of rooms and
+porticos, create in the beholder surprise and admiration, mingled with
+feelings of regret for their neglected state. A quadrans (about a
+farthing) admitted any one; for the funds bequeathed by the emperors and
+others were amply sufficient to provide for the expensive establishments
+requisite, without taxing the people beyond their means. Agrippa gave
+his baths and gardens to the public, and even assigned estates for their
+maintenance. Some of the _Thermae_ were also provided with a variety
+of perfumed ointments and oils gratuitously. The chief _Thermae_[8]
+were those of Agrippa, Nero, Titus, Domitian, Caracalla, and Diocletian.
+Their main building consisted of rooms for swimming and bathing, in
+either hot or cold water; others for conversation; and some devoted
+to various exercises and athletic amusements. In some assembled large
+bodies to hear the lectures of philosophers, or perhaps a composition
+of some favourite poet; while the walls were surrounded with statues,
+paintings, and literary productions, to suit the diversified taste of
+the company.
+
+Eustace describes these _Thermae_ at some length:--"Repassing the
+Aventine Hill, we came to the baths of Antoninus Caracalla, that occupy
+part of its declivity, and a considerable portion of the plain between
+it and Mons Caeliolus and Mons Caelius. The length of the _Thermae_
+was 1,840 feet; breadth, 1,476. At each end were two temples, one to
+Apollo and another to Esculapius, as the tutelary deities of a place
+sacred to the improvement of the mind, and the health of the body. In
+the principal building were, in the first place, a grand circular
+vestibule, with four halls on each side, for cold, tepid, warm, and
+steam baths;[9] in the centre was an immense square for exercise, when
+the weather was unfavourable to it in the open air; beyond it a great
+hall, where _one thousand six hundred seats of marble_ were placed
+for the convenience of the bathers; at each end of this hall were
+libraries. The stucco and paintings, though faintly indeed, are yet in
+many places perceptible. Pillars have been dug up, and some still remain
+amidst the ruins; while the Farnesian Bull and the famous Hercules,
+found in one of these halls announce the multiplicity and beauty of the
+statues which once adorned the Thermae of Caracalla."
+
+Before they commenced bathing in the _Thermae_, the Romans anointed
+themselves with oil, in a room especially appropriated to the purpose;
+and oil was again applied, with the addition of perfumes, on quitting
+the bath. In a painting which has been engraved from one of the walls
+in the baths of Titus, the room is represented filled with a number
+of vases, and somewhat resembles an apothecary's shop. These vases
+contained a variety of balsamic and oleaceous compositions for the
+anointment, which, when ultimately performed, prepared the bathers for
+the _sphaeristerium_, in which various amusements and exercises were
+enjoyed. The subsequent operation of scraping the body with the strigil
+has given way to a mode of freeing the body from perspiration and all
+extraneous matter, by a sort of bag or glove of camel's hair, which is
+used in Turkey; while flannel and brushes are substituted in other
+parts.
+
+The vapour-baths now used in Russia resemble very much those among the
+ancient Romans. These are generally rudely built of wood, over an oven,
+and the bathers receive the vapour at the requisite heat, reclining on
+wooden benches,--while, more powerfully to excite perspiration, they
+whip their bodies with birch boughs, and also use powerful friction.
+They then wash themselves; and, as these vapour-baths are often
+constructed on the banks of a river, throw themselves from the land
+into the water; or sometimes, by way of variety, plunge into snow, and
+roll themselves therein. This violent exercise and sudden transition
+of temperature is almost overpowering to persons unhabituated to the
+custom, and will oftentimes produce fainting,--though the patient, on
+recovering, finds himself refreshed, and experiences a delightful sense
+of mental, as well as bodily, vigour and energy. The enervating effects
+of the extreme luxury and refinement practised in the Greek and Roman
+baths are obviated in the Russian mode: to which may partly be ascribed
+the power which the latter people have in undergoing fatigue and the
+various hardships of their rigorous climate. Tooke says that without
+doubt the Russians owe their longevity, robust health, their little
+disposition to fatal complaints, and, above all, their happy and
+cheerful temper, mostly to these vapour-baths. Lewis and Clarke, in
+their voyage up the Missouri, have noticed the use of the vapour-bath in
+a somewhat similar contrivance to the Russians among the savage tribes
+of America;--so it appears that this effectual promoter of cleanliness
+is one of the most simple, original, and natural, that can be employed
+for that paramount duty.
+
+C.R.S.
+
+    [7] Culverwell on Bathing.
+
+    [8] [Greek: thermai]--hot springs.
+
+    [9] These baths, impregnated with medicinal herbs, and other
+        preparations, are at the present day gaining great repute for
+        the cure of cutaneous diseases, and other complaints.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+The Sketch Book.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RECOLLECTIONS OF A WANDERER.
+
+_An Incident on the Coast._
+
+
+Towards the close of an afternoon in the dreary month of December, a
+small vessel was descried in the offing, from the pier of a romantic
+little hamlet on the coast of ----. The pier was this evening nearly
+deserted by those bold spirits, who, when sea and sky conspire to frown
+together, loved to resort there to while away their idle hours. Only a
+few "out-and-outers" were now to be seen at their accustomed station,
+defying the rough buffetings of the blast, which on more tender faces
+might have acted almost with the keenness of a razor. Though the evening
+certainly looked wild and stormy to an unpractised eye, still to those
+who "gauge the weather" it was unaccompanied with those unerring
+symptoms which usually usher in a gale. However, the appearance of the
+night was so uninviting, as to have induced the local craft to run some
+time before along shore for shelter; and the movements of the strange
+vessel were consequently a matter of speculation to those on land. There
+is something to our minds exceedingly interesting in a solitary vessel
+at sea--it is a point on which you may hinge your attention--a living
+thing on the desert-bosom of the main. For sometime her movements were
+apparently very undecided, but though the weather seemed to be looking
+up, she suddenly put about helm, and ran without further wavering right
+for the shelter held out at Lanport. In less than twenty minutes she was
+safe alongside the pier. She was one of the larger class of fishing
+vessels and was well manned. The attention of the bystanders was now
+directed to an individual who seemed to be a passenger, and who
+immediately landed after conversing for a short while with the master.
+The gentleman brought ashore an immoderately large carpet-bag, and
+forthwith marched for the chief street of Lanport. When we say chief,
+we, perhaps, ought to add that it was the only assemblage of buildings
+in the village, which by the comparative uniformity of their
+arrangement, could lay claim to such a title. On reaching the foot of
+the declivity, the traveller, who was evidently much jaded with his
+marine excursion, espied with symptoms of satisfaction, the antiquated
+sign-post of an "hostelrie" swinging before him in the breeze. Without
+further investigation, but with "wandering steps and slow," he
+decided on taking up his quarters at the "Mermaid Inn and Tavern, by
+Judith, (or Judy as she was called by some) Teague." This determination
+of the traveller would, however, have turned out to be "Hobson's choice"
+had his eyes wandered in quest of a rival establishment, for here Mrs.
+Judy Teague reigned supreme amongst "licensed victuallers," no rival
+having hitherto been found bold enough to enter the field against her.
+The leisurely advance of the traveller up the street, had given all the
+old gossips and that numerous class who esteem other people's business
+of infinitely greater consequence than their own, full opportunity to
+remark on his dress and appearance; in which as faithful chroniclers we
+have not gathered that there was anything remarkable--save and except
+the enormous carpet-bag aforesaid, about which its owner seemed as
+solicitous as the traveller in Rob Roy. A stranger was, at the period
+we are describing, a _rara avis in terris_ indeed at Lanport; and it
+may be conceived that the news of this arrival was discussed round every
+hearth in the place within half an hour at the utmost. Mrs. Teague is
+recorded to have advanced to the door with unwonted rapidity (bearing
+in mind that she had halted a little since she was on the wrong side of
+forty, from a rheumatic affection,) to meet such an "iligant-looking
+guest;" and certain it is that he had not been two hours in the house,
+before it was evident that both parties were on an excellent footing
+together. The old lady was seen to come from the best--the parlour we
+mean to say--of the Mermaid, with very unusual symptoms of good humour
+on her countenance, considering (as Betsy the "maid of all work"
+whispered to "Jack Ostler,") that her visage had generally a "vinegar
+cruet" association; though we would not take upon ourselves to assert
+that brandy had not a greater share in its composition.
+
+The strange gentleman continued in close occupation of the parlour
+during the entire evening. The mysterious carpet bag was secured in an
+upper room, and its owner chased away the damps and cold of the season
+by unusually liberal potations; in short, Mrs. Judith declared to the
+numerous party of customers who had assembled from chance or curiosity
+on her hearth, that he was the most liberal gentleman that had ever
+crossed her threshold in the way of business, since Julius O'Brien
+(commonly called the tippling exciseman,) had unexpectedly departed this
+life by mistaking the steep staircase of the Mermaid for a single step,
+one night when his brain was more than usually beclouded. The arrival of
+the stranger, however, had nearly caused a schism between the hostess
+and her leading customers; for the former had whilst he honoured the
+Mermaid with his presence, engaged the parlour for his exclusive
+accommodation--an arrangement contrary to all the rules of Lanport
+etiquette; and he might have experienced rather a rude reception had not
+Mrs. Judy given up her _sanctum sanctorum_ for the temporary use of
+the "elect."
+
+Next day, the morning had passed away, nay, the sun was fast careering
+towards the western horizon, and yet the stranger exhibited no
+inclination to explore the locality of Lanport. Night at last set in,
+but still he remained in close quarters as before.
+
+This appeared the more strange, as the situation of Lanport was
+singularly wild and interesting. The prospect from the wooded and rocky
+heights of the coast was of great and commanding beauty; and the inland
+view presented many scenes and objects highly calculated to invite the
+attention of the lover of nature or the curious traveller. It was
+evident that the stranger was deficient in both these points.
+
+The history of the next day closely corresponded with that of the
+preceding. There he sat. That night there was again a strong muster
+around the capacious hearth of the Mermaid. If the stranger was
+deficient in that inherent passion of the human mind--curiosity--not so
+the villagers. But one sentiment seemed to pervade the assembled party,
+and that may be summed up in the words "Who _is_ he?" An echo
+responded "Who _is_ he?" Conjecture was literally at a fault. His
+very appearance was unknown to all except the fortunate few that had
+beheld him in his march from the pier; the fishing boat had put to
+sea before any one thought of making inquiry as to the freight it
+had delivered, but every one agreed that there was something of an
+extraordinary character about the said freight. Ever and anon the
+parlour door opened, and a lusty ring of the hand-bell summoned the
+hostess into that now mysterious room: and the volley of questions which
+assailed her on her return were enough to overturn the very moderate
+stock of patience which she possessed, had it been centupled. She
+declared that "the jintleman was like other jintlemen, and barring that
+he seemed the b'y for the brandy," she saw nothing amiss in him. In the
+midst of this excitement in walked the officer commanding the preventive
+service of the district. He was soon closeted in the _sanctum_,
+and after a due discussion of the singular proceedings of the stranger,
+on the part of each member of the Lanport smoking club, the worthy
+lieutenant declared "it was not only d----d odd, but very suspicious;"
+and that he would beard the foe who had so unceremoniously taken
+possession of their own proper apartment, face to face, even though
+he should turn out to be Beelzebub, in _propria persona_. This
+determination was received with a vast and simultaneous puff of
+exultation from every pipe in the room, so that the cloud was for a
+short space so great as completely to envelope the ample proportions
+of Mrs. Judy Teague, who had been an unnoticed witness of this bold
+proposal. The lieutenant was striding onwards in full career towards the
+parlour, which lay at the opposite side of the intervening kitchen, when
+he somewhat roughly encountered the fair form of Mrs. Teague, which was
+extended halfway through the doorcase with a view to prevent his egress.
+
+"Och! murder, Lafetennant ----, and is this the way you'd be sarving a
+lone woman, and she a widow these twelve year agon, since Michael
+Tague's (Heaven rest his sowl!) been laid aneath the turf!"
+
+The lieutenant apologized for the rather unceremonious way in which he
+had run foul of Mrs. Teague.
+
+"Och! Lafetennant," she responded, "its not that _agra_! (here she
+gave a twinge) that Judy Tague would ever spake of from the like of
+you--but its against your goin' and insulting the jintl'm in the parlour
+that I was spaking of--and a _rale_ jintl'm he is, I'll be bail."
+
+But it was all of no avail. After holding forth for several minutes, now
+at the top of her voice, now in a beseeching whine--the lieutenant again
+got under weigh, and soon reached the parlour door; which after giving
+a slight tap, he entered fully prepared to take its inmate by storm.
+But, lo! he had vanished! It appeared impossible that any portion of the
+previous conversation could have been wafted to his ears, but certain it
+was, that in place of a living occupant of flesh and blood, nothing but
+the wavering shadow of an ancient high-backed chair near the fire--which
+cast a faint and uncertain light through the apartment--met the eyes
+of the angry lieutenant. A heavy step overhead announced that he had
+just retired to his sleeping-room. Thus was the now greatly increased
+curiosity of the smoking club doomed to receive an unexpected check. The
+stranger was evidently no ordinary person--the conversation gradually
+sank away--and more than one individual of the company started in the
+course of the evening as the wind now wailed with a strange unearthly
+sound up the silent street, and now blew in violent gusts which made the
+old house creak and groan to its very foundations. Our gallant friend,
+the lieutenant, was perhaps the only individual absolutely unmoved in
+the party; and his proposal to retake possession of the parlour met with
+a general negative. Nettled at this, he declared that another sun should
+not go down over his head, without obtaining some satisfactory account
+of this mysterious visitant.
+
+The third day came, and with it a partial change in the conduct of the
+stranger. He appeared to have in some measure shaken off his indolence,
+and sallied forth betimes in the morning, apparently to examine the
+beauties of the coast, towards the rocky wilds of which he was seen to
+wend his way. About noon he again returned to the Mermaid. This conduct
+partially disarmed the suspicion which had been excited; however it was
+agreed that though nothing had hitherto occurred which could authorize
+any direct interference with his movements, yet that a watch should be
+kept over them for the present.
+
+The afternoon threatened to turn out stormy. Vast masses of clouds were
+continually driven across the sky: and the increasing agitation and deep
+furrows of the ocean foretold a night fraught with peril and disaster
+to the seaman. Drear December seemed about to assume his wildest garb.
+This day of the week always brought the county paper. A solitary copy
+of this journal was taken by Mrs. Teague, and it formed the sole channel
+(alas! for the march of intellect,) by which the smoking club and other
+worthies of Lanport were enlightened on the sayings and doings of the
+great world. It must not be inferred from this that the demon of
+politics was unknown in this retired spot; on the contrary, the arrival
+of the ---- Journal, was looked for with the utmost impatience from week
+to week; and as long as its tattered folio hung together, its contents
+formed a never ending subject of conversation. On the day of its
+arrival, therefore, the "club" invariably met many hours before their
+wonted time, to discuss politics and pigtail, revolutions and small
+beer.
+
+This circumstance, and the state of the weather, had drawn a numerous
+party around the hearth at the Mermaid. The delay which took place
+in the arrival of the newspaper seemed unusual; the "spokesman" had
+cleared his throat, the pipes had long been lit, but still it was not
+forthcoming. Mrs. Teague at last announced that it was engaged by the
+"jintleman in the parlour." The patience of the party lasted half an
+hour longer, when the clamorous calls for news dictated the step of
+sending a message to the stranger. It met with an ungracious reception.
+At this moment some one came in with the intelligence that a suspicious
+looking craft was hovering off the coast, and that the lieutenant (whose
+absence was thus accounted for) was about to put off in his galley to
+bring her to and overhaul her.
+
+A second and a third message to the parlour having met with the same
+success as the first, the ire of all began to rise, and after a
+clamorous discussion it was at last resolved, (it was now broad
+daylight,) that they should go in a body and storm the enemy's quarters.
+The room was situated at the other end of the house, and thither they
+proceeded, after a few preliminary difficulties had been arranged as to
+who should first lead the way. But if the lieutenant had been astonished
+at the disappearance of the stranger the preceding night, much greater
+was the surprise evinced on the present occasion on finding the room
+again tenantless. It had evidently only just been vacated; but what
+created the greatest sensation was the discovery of the smoking remains
+of the ---- Journal, on the hood of the fireplace! Every one crowded
+around, and presently intelligence was brought that the stranger,
+carrying his enormous carpet bag had been seen walking at a great speed
+towards Shorne Cove, a retired little spot within a short distance of
+the harbour. As is often the case on such occasions, several minutes
+elapsed before any plan was determined upon, but some one at last wisely
+suggested that if he was to be pursued, no time ought to be lost. The
+appearance of the strange vessel on the coast, and the day's occurrence,
+were connected together, as they hurried onwards in the pursuit; but
+when they arrived at the seashore, the mysterious man and his carpet bag
+were no longer visible, unless a large boat which was pulling out to sea
+as fast as wind and tide would permit, gave a clue to his invisibility.
+Every eye was now cast out for the strange sail.
+
+About a mile from the pier-head, a large lugger under a press of canvass
+was seen coming down the wind, with the galley in close pursuit. From
+the freshness of the wind and the quantity of sail she was able to
+carry, it was evident that the king's boat had little chance with her.
+As the chase came careering along, dropping the galley rapidly astern,
+the interest hinged on the apparent connexion between her and the boat
+which had just left Shorne Cove with its unknown freight. From their
+relative situations it was evident she must bring to for a short space
+if she intended to pick up the fugitive; and this delay might possibly
+enable the galley to draw her. For a few minutes the scene was one of
+exciting interest. The lugger broached to as had been anticipated, and
+she had scarcely shipped the strange boat's crew, when the galley
+pitching bows under was close in her wake. But it was too late. The
+lugger had no sooner paid off, so as to get the wind again abaft the
+beam, than she rapidly got way on her, and the wind continuing to
+freshen, in half an hour she was all but hull down.
+
+The night passed not over the heads of the good folks of Lanport,
+without numberless recriminations on the stupidity which had been
+displayed in not arresting the stranger before it was too late; and
+the ferment was not lessened on the arrival of another copy of the
+---- Journal, which contained a paragraph headed with the glittering
+words, "ONE THOUSAND POUNDS REWARD."
+
+VYVYAN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Spirit of Discovery.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE ISLAND OF ROTUMA.[10]
+
+
+    "A new Cythera emerges from the bosom of the enchanted wave. An
+    amphitheatre of verdure rises to our view; tufted groves mingle
+    their foliage with the brilliant enamel of meadows; an eternal
+    spring, combining with an eternal autumn, displays the opening
+    blossoms along with the ripened fruit."--_Maltebrun._
+
+
+[Illustration: The Island of Rotuma.]
+
+
+This is one of the beautiful islands of Polynesia, in the South
+Pacific Ocean. It was discovered in the year 1791, and has been since
+occasionally visited by English and American whalers, and a few other
+ships, for the purpose of procuring water and a supply of vegetable
+productions, with which it abounds. It is situated in latitude 12 deg. 30'
+south, and longitude 177 deg. east, and is distant about 260 miles from the
+nearest island of the Fidji group. It is of a moderate height, densely
+wooded, and abounding in cocoa-nut trees, and is about from thirty
+to thirty-five miles in circumference. Its general appearance is
+beautifully picturesque, verdant hills gradually rising from the sandy
+beach, giving it a highly fertile appearance. It is surrounded by
+extensive reefs, on which at low water the natives may be seen busily
+engaged in procuring shell and other fish, which are abundantly produced
+on them, and constitute one of their articles of daily food. At night,
+they fish by torch-light, lighting fires on the beach, by which the fish
+are attracted to the reefs. The torches are formed of the dried spathe
+or fronds of the cocoa-nut tree, and enable them to see the fish, which
+they take with hand-nets. It is by these lights that the fish are
+attracted, but not so in the opinion of the natives, who say, "they
+come to the reef at night to eat, then sleep, and leave again in the
+morning."
+
+[Mr. George Bennett, in his account of his recent visit, says:--]
+
+We made this island on the 21st of February, 1830: it bore west by
+south-half-south, about twenty-five miles distant; at 11 A.M. when close
+in, standing for the anchorage, we were boarded by several natives, who
+came off in their canoes, and surprised us by their acquaintance with
+the English language; this it seems they had acquired from their
+occasional intercourse with shipping, but principally from the European
+seamen, who had deserted from their ships and were residing on the
+island in savage luxury and indolence. When at anchor, the extremes of
+the land bore from east by north to west by compass. An island rather
+high, quoin shaped, and inhabited, situated at a short distance from the
+main land, (between which there is a passage for a large ship,) was at
+some distance from our present anchorage, and bore west-half-north by
+compass; it was named Ouer by the natives. Close to us were two rather
+high islands, or islets, of small extent, planted with cocoa-nut trees,
+and almost connected together by rocks, and to the main land by a reef;
+they shelter the bay from easterly winds. Their bearings are as
+follow:--the first centre bore east-half-north; the second centre bore
+east-half-south, extreme of the main land east-south-east by compass.
+One of the chiefs, on our anchoring, addressing the Commander made the
+following very _humane_ observation, "If Rotuma man steal, to make
+hang up immediately." Had this request been complied with, there would
+have been a great depopulation during our stay, and it is not improbable
+that a few chiefs might have felt its effects.
+
+On a second visit to this island in March, 1830, we anchored in a fine
+picturesque bay, situated on the west side of the island, named Thor, in
+fourteen fathoms, sand and coral bottom, about three miles distant from
+the centre. A reef extends out some distance from the beach at this bay,
+almost dry at low water, and with much surf at the entrance, from which
+cause the procuring of wood and water is attended with more difficulty
+than at Onhaf Bay.
+
+On landing, the beautiful appearance of the island was rather increased
+than diminished; vegetation appeared most luxuriant, and the trees and
+shrubs blooming with various tints, spread a gaiety around; the clean
+and neat native houses were intermingled with the waving plumes of the
+cocoa-nut, the broad spreading plantain, and other trees peculiar to
+tropical climes. That magnificent tree the callophyllum inophyllum, or
+fifau of the natives, was not less abundant, displaying its shining,
+dark, green foliage, contrasted by beautiful clusters of white flowers
+teeming with fragrance. This tree seemed a favourite with the natives,
+on account of its shade, fragrance, and ornamental appearance of the
+flowers. When I extended my rambles more inland, through narrow and
+sometimes rugged pathways, the luxuriance of vegetation did not
+decrease, but the lofty trees, overshadowing the road, defended the
+pedestrian from the effects of a fervent sun, rendering the walk under
+their umbrageous covering cool and pleasant. The gay flowers of the
+hibiscus tiliaceus, as well as the splendid huth or Barringtonia
+speciosa, covered with its beautiful flowers, the petals of which are
+white, and the edges of the stamina delicately tinged with pink, give
+to the trees when in full bloom a magnificent appearance; the hibiscus
+rosa-chinensis, or kowa of the natives also grows in luxuriance and
+beauty. The elegant flowers of these trees, with others of more humble
+and less beautiful tints, everywhere meet the eye near the paths,
+occasionally varied by plantations of the ahan or taro, arum esculentum,
+which, from a deficiency of irrigation, is generally of the mountain
+variety. Of the sugar-cane they possess several varieties, and it is
+eaten in the raw state; a small variety of yam, more commonly known by
+the name of the Rotuma potato, the ule of the natives, is very abundant;
+the ulu or bread-fruit, pori or plantain and the vi, (spondias dulcis,
+Parkinson,) or, Brazilian plum, with numerous other kinds, sufficiently
+testify the fertility of the island. Occasionally the mournful toa or
+casuarina equisetifolia, planted in small clumps near the villages or
+surrounding the burial-places, added beauty to the landscape.
+
+The native houses are very neat; they are formed of poles and logs, the
+roof being covered with the leaves of a species of sagus palm, named
+hoat by the natives, and highly valued by them for that purpose on
+account of their durability; the sides are covered with the plaited
+sections of the cocoa-nut branches, which form excellent coverings.
+
+The natives are a fine-looking and well-formed people; they are of good
+dispositions, but are much addicted to thieving, which seems indeed to
+be a national propensity; they are of a light copper colour, and the
+men wear the hair long and stained at the extremities of a reddish
+brown colour; sometimes they tie the hair in a knot behind, but the
+most prevailing custom is to permit it to hang over the shoulders. The
+females may be termed handsome, of fine forms, and although possessing
+a modest demeanour, flocked on board in numbers on the ship's arrival.
+The women before marriage have the hair cut close and covered with the
+shoroi, which is burnt coral mixed with the gum of the bread-fruit tree;
+this is removed after marriage and their hair is permitted to grow long,
+but on the death of a chief or their parents it is cut close as a badge
+of mourning. Both sexes paint themselves with a mixture of the root of
+the turmeric plant (curcuma longa) and cocoa-nut oil, which frequently
+changed our clothes and persons of an icteroid hue, from _our_
+curiosity to mingle with them in the villages--_theirs_ to come on
+board the ship.
+
+On visiting the king, who resided at the village of Fangwot, we found
+him a well-formed and handsome man, apparently about thirty years of
+age; the upper part of his body was thickly covered with the Rang, or
+paint of turmeric and oil, which had been recently laid on in honour
+of the visit from the strangers. There was somewhat of novelty, but
+little of "regal magnificence" in our reception. In the open air, under
+the wide-spreading branches of their favourite Fifau, (Callophyllum
+Inophyllum) sat his Majesty squatted on the ground, and surrounded by a
+crowd of his subjects. The introduction was equally unostentatious; one
+of the natives who had accompanied us from the ship, pointing towards
+him, said, in tolerably pronounced English, "That the king." His Majesty
+not being himself acquainted with our language, one of his attendants,
+who spoke it with considerable fluency, acted as interpreter. After some
+common-place questions, such as where the ship came from, where bound
+to, what provisions we stood in need of, &c., we adjourned to the royal
+habitation, which differed in no respect from the other native houses.
+Yams, bread-fruit, and fish, wrapped in the plantain leaves in which
+they had been cooked, were here placed before us, with cocoa-nut water
+for our beverage; plantain leaves serving also as plates.
+
+The chiefs are elected kings in rotation, and the royal office is
+held for six months, but by the consent of the other chiefs, it may be
+retained by the same chief for two or three years. The royal title is
+Sho: the king to whom we had been introduced, as a chief, is named Mora.
+We had an interview also with the former king, named Riemko; he is a
+chief of high rank, and a very intelligent man: he spoke the English
+language with much correctness. Being naturally of an inquisitive
+disposition, and possessing an exceedingly retentive memory, he had
+acquired much information; this he displayed by detailing to us many
+facts connected with the history of Napoleon Buonaparte, Wellington,
+&c., which had been related to him by various European visiters, and
+which he appeared to retain to the most minute particulars. He surprised
+us by inquiring if we resided in "Russell-square, London?"
+
+An innate love of roaming seems to exist among these people; they
+set sail without any fixed purpose in one of their large canoes:
+few ever return, some probably perish, others drift on islands either
+uninhabited, or if inhabited, they mingle with the natives, and tend to
+produce those varieties of the human race which are so observable in the
+Polynesian Archipelago. I frequently asked those of Rotuma what object
+they had in leaving their fertile island to risk the perils of the deep?
+the reply invariably was, "Rotuma man want to see new land:" they thus
+run before the wind until they fall in with some island, or perish in
+a storm. Cook and others relate numerous instances of this kind.
+
+As an evidence of the great desire of the natives of both sexes to
+leave their native land, I may mention the offers which were made to the
+commander of the ship, of baskets of potatoes and hogs, as an inducement
+to be carried to the island of Erromanga, where our vessel was next
+bound to. Two hundred were taken on board for the purpose of cutting
+Sandal wood, but from the unhealthy state in which we found the island
+on our arrival, and the numerous deaths that had occurred among native
+gangs that had been brought by other vessels for a similar purpose, we
+returned to Rotuma and landed them all safely. The perfect apathy with
+which they leave parents and connexions, departing with strangers to a
+place respecting which they are in total ignorance, is quite surprising,
+placing an unbounded confidence in those differing in colour, language,
+and customs from themselves: the young, timid females, to whom a ship
+was a novelty, those who had never before seen a ship, were all anxious
+to visit foreign climes,--even, they said, London.
+
+Much wonder was excited, when I exhibited to the natives of this island
+coloured engravings of flowers, birds, butterflies, &c.; they imagined
+them to be the original plant or butterfly attached to the paper--no
+mean compliment to the artist. The engravings in Charles Bell's
+Anatomy of Expression always excited much interest when shown to the
+Polynesians; the plate representing Laughter never failed of exciting
+sympathy. A caricature representation of one of the fashionable belles
+of 1828 puzzled them exceedingly; some thought it "a bird," others that
+it was a nondescript of some kind, but when they were told that it was a
+Haina London, or English lady, they laughed, and said Parora, "you are
+in joke," so incredible did it seem to their unsophisticated minds.[11]
+
+    [10] From a drawing, obligingly furnished by Mr. George Bennett,
+         Member of the Royal College of Surgeons in London, &c.
+
+    [11] Abridged from the _United Service Journal_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MOUNT ARARAT.
+
+
+A short time since there were given in the _St. Petersburgh Academical
+Journal_ some authentic particulars of Professor Parrot's journey to
+Mount Ararat. After being baffled in repeated attempts, he at length
+succeeded in overcoming the obstacles which beset him, and ascertained
+the positive elevation of its peak to be 16,200 French feet: it is,
+therefore, more than 1,500 feet loftier than Mount Blanc. He describes
+the summit as being a circular plane, about 160 feet in circumference,
+joined by a gentle descent, with a second and less elevated one towards
+the east. The whole of the upper region of the mountain, from the height
+of 12,750 English feet, being covered with perpetual snow and ice. He
+afterwards ascended what is termed "The Little Ararat," and reports it
+to be about 13,100 English feet high.--W.G.C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SAILING UP THE ESSEQUIBO.
+
+(_Concluded from page 360._)
+
+
+A family of Indians was seen crossing the river in their log canoe, and
+disappearing under the bushes on the opposite side; my companion and
+myself paddled after them, and we landed under some locust trees, and
+found an Indian settlement. The logies were sheds, open all round, and
+covered with the leaves of the trooly-palm, some of them twenty-four
+feet long; and suspended from the bamboo timbers of the roof were
+hammocks of net-work, in which the men were lazily swinging. One or two
+of those who were awake were fashioning arrow-heads out of hard wood.
+The men and children were entirely naked, with the exception of the blue
+_lap_ or cloth for the loins; the women in their blue petticoat and
+braided hair were scraping the root of the cassava tree into a trough of
+bark; it was then put into a long press of matting, which expresses the
+poisonous juice; the dry farina is finally baked on an iron plate. The
+old women were weaving the square coeoo or _lap_ of beads, which
+they sometimes wear without a petticoat; also armlets and ankle
+ornaments of beads. Some were fabricating earthen pots, and all the
+females seemed actively employed. They offered us a red liquor, called
+_caseeree_, prepared from the sweet potato; also _piwarry_,
+the intoxicating beverage made by chewing the cassava, and allowing it
+to ferment. At their _piwarry_ feasts the Indians prepare a small
+canoe full of this liquor, beside which the entertainers and their
+guests roll together drunk for two or three days. Their helpmates look
+after them, and keep them from being suffocated with the sand getting
+into their mouths: but _piwarry_ is a harmless liquor, that is to
+say, it does not produce the disease and baneful effects of spirits, for
+after a sleep the Indians rise fresh and well, and only occasionally
+indulge in a debauch of this kind. Fish, which the men had shot with
+their arrows, and birds, were brought out of the canoe, and barbacoted
+or smoke-dried on a grating of bamboos over a fire; and we followed an
+old man with a cutlass to their small fields of cassava, cleared by
+girdling and burning a part of the forest behind the logies. These
+Indians were of the Arrawak nation; we afterwards saw Caribs, Accaways,
+&c.
+
+The rivers and creeks, and the whole of the interior of British Guiana
+at a distance from the sea, are unknown and unexplored. October and
+November are the driest months in the year, and the best for expeditions
+into the interior. I was unable to go as far up the river as I wished,
+from the great freshes; the rain fell every day, yet I penetrated in all
+directions as far as I could, and I trust to be able, at some more
+favourable season, to return to that interesting country.
+
+Two years ago, a Mr. Smith, a mercantile man from Caraccas, was joined
+at George Town by a Lieutenant Gullifer, R.N. They proceeded down the
+Pomeroon river, then up the Wyeena creek, travelled across to the
+Coioony, sailed down it, and then went up the Essequibo to the Rio
+Negro, which, it appears, connects the Amazons and Oroonoco rivers.
+At Bara, on the Rio Negro, Mr. Smith, from sitting so long cramped up
+in coorials or canoes, became affected with dropsy; and allowing himself
+to be tapped by an ignorant quack, died after a fortnight's illness.
+Lieutenant Gullifer sailed down the Rio Negro to the Amazons, and
+remained at Para for some months, till he heard from England. From
+domestic details he received at Para, he fell into low spirits, and
+proceeded to Trinidad, where, one morning, he was found suspended to
+a beam under the steeple of the Protestant church! His papers, and
+Mr. Smith's, consisting of journals of their travels, were sent to a
+brother of Lieutenant Gullifer's, on the Marocco coast of Essequibo,
+where I went and saw the papers, and was most anxious to obtain them for
+the Geographical Society; but Mr. Gullifer said that he must consult
+first with the other relatives.
+
+Among other interesting details I found in the notes, I may mention
+the following:--High up the Essequibo they fell in with a nation of
+anthropophagi, of the Carib tribe. The chief received the travellers
+courteously, and placed before them fish with savoury sauce; which being
+removed, two human hands were brought in, and a steak of human flesh!
+The travellers thought that this might be part of a baboon of a new
+species; however, they declined the invitation to partake, saying that,
+in travelling, they were not allowed to eat animal food. The chief
+picked the bones of the hands with excellent appetite, and asked them
+how they had relished the fruit and the sauce. They replied that the
+fish was good and the sauce excellent. To which he answered, "Human
+flesh makes the best sauce for any food; these hands and the fish were
+all dressed together. You see these Macooshee men, our slaves; we lately
+captured these people in war, and their wives we eat from time to time."
+The travellers were horrified, but concealed their feelings, and before
+they retired for the night, they remarked that the Macooshee females
+were confined in a large logie, or shed, surrounded with a stockade of
+bamboos; so that, daily the fathers, husbands, and brothers of these
+unfortunate women, saw them brought out, knocked on the head, and
+devoured by the inhuman cannibals. Lieutenant Gullifer, who was _in
+bad condition_, got into his hammock and slept soundly; but Mr.
+Smith, being in excellent case, walked about all night, fearing that
+their landlord might take a fancy to a steak of white meat. They
+afterwards visited a cave, in which was a pool of water; the Indians
+requested them not to bathe in this, for if they did, they would die
+before the year was out. They laughed at their monitors and bathed; but
+sure enough were both "clods of the valley" before the twelvemonth had
+expired.--_Journal of the Geographical Society_, Part 2.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Fine Arts.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CELEBRATED PAINTERS BORN AT ANTWERP.
+
+
+Alexander Adriansen, born 1625, excelled in Fruit, Flowers, Fish, and
+Still Life; John Asselyn, 1610, Landscapes and Battles; Jacques Backer,
+1530, History; Francis Badens, 1571, History and Portraits; Hendrick Van
+Balen, 1560, History and Portraits; John Van Balen, 1611, History,
+Landscapes, and Boys; Cornelius Biskop, 1630, Portraits and History;
+John Francis Van Bloemen, called Orizzonte, 1656, Landscape; Peter Van
+Bloemen, Battles, Encampments, and Italian Markets; Norbert Van Bloemen,
+1672, Portraits and Conversations; Balthasar Vanden Bosch, 1675,
+Conversations and Portraits; Peter Van Breda, 1630, Landscapes and
+Cattle; John Van Breda, 1683, History, Landscapes, and Conversations;
+Charles Breydel, called Cavalier, 1677, Landscapes; Francis Breydel,
+1679, Portraits and Conversations; Paul Bril, 1554, Landscapes, large
+and small; Elias Vanden Broek, 1657, Flowers, Fruit, and Serpents;
+Abraham Brueghel, called the Neapolitan, 1692, Fruit and Flowers; Denis
+Calvart, 1555, History and Landscapes; Joseph, or Joas Van Cleef,
+History and Portraits; Henry and Martin Van Cleef, brothers, Henry
+painted Landscapes, and Martin History; Giles Corgnet, called Giles of
+Antwerp, 1530, History, grotesque; Egidius, or Gillies Coningsloo, or
+Conixlo, 1544, Landscapes; Gonzalo Coques, 1618, Portraits and
+Conversations; John Cosiers, 1603, History; Gasper de Crayer, 1585,
+History and Portraits; Jacques Denys, 1645, History and Portraits;
+William Derkye, History; John Baptist Van Deynum, 1620, Portraits in
+Miniature, and History in Water Colours; Peter Eykens, 1599, History;
+Francis Floris, called the Raphael of Flanders, 1520, History; James
+Fouquieres, 1580, Landscapes; Sebastian Franks, or Vranx, 1571,
+Conversations, History, Landscapes, and Battle Pieces; John Baptist
+Franks, or Vranx, 1600, History and Conversations; John Fytt, 1625, Live
+and Dead Animals, Birds, Fruit, Flowers, and Landscapes; William Gabron,
+Still Life; Abraham Genoels, 1640, Landscapes and Portraits; Sir
+Balthasar Gabier, 1592, Portrait in Miniature; Gillemans, 1672, Fruit
+and Still Life; Jacob Grimmer, 1510, Landscapes; Peter Hardime, Fruit
+and Flowers; Minderhout Hobbima, 1611, Landscapes; John Van Hoeck, 1600,
+History and Portraits; Robert Van Hoeck, 1609, Battles; Dirk, or
+Theodore Van Hoogeshaeten, 1596, Landscapes and Still Life; Cornelius
+Huysman, 1648, Landscapes and Animals; Abraham Janssens, 1569, History;
+John Van Kessel, 1626, Flowers, Portraits, Birds, Insects, and Reptiles;
+David De Koning, Animals, Birds, and Flowers; Balthasar Van Lemens,
+1637, History; N. Leyssens, 1661, History; Peter Van Lint, 1609, History
+and Portraits; Godfrey Maes, 1660, History; Quintin Matsys, 1460,
+History and Portraits; John Matsys, son of the above, Portrait and
+History; Minderhout, 1637, Sea Ports and Landscapes; Peter Neefs, the
+old, 1570, Churches, Perspective, and Architecture; William Van
+Nieulant, 1584, Landscapes and Architecture; Adam Van Oort, 1557,
+History, Portraits, and Landscapes; Bonarentine, Peters, 1614, Sea
+Pieces, and particularly Storms; Erasmus Quellinus, 1607, History;
+Jacques de Roore, 1686, History and Conversations; Martin Ryckaert,
+1591, Landscapes, with Architecture and Ruins; David Ryckaert, the
+younger, 1615, Conversations, and Apparitions to St. Anthony; Anthony
+Schoonjans, 1655, History and Portraits; Cornelius Schut, 1600, History;
+Peter Snayers, 1593, History, Battles, &c.; Francis Snyders, 1579,
+Animals, Fruit, Still Life, and Landscapes; David Teniers, 1582,
+Conversations; Sir Anthony Van Dyke, 1599, History and Portraits; Paul
+Vansomer, 1576, Portraits; Lucas Vanuden, 1595, Landscapes; Adrian Van
+Utrecht, 1599, Birds, Fruit, Flowers, and Dead Game; Gasper Peter
+Verbruggen, 1668, Flowers; Simon Verelst, 1664, Fruit, Flowers, and
+Portraits; Verendael, 1659, Fruit and Flowers; Tobias Verhaecht, 1566,
+Landscapes and Architecture; Martin de Vos, 1520, History, Landscape,
+and Portrait; Simon De Vos, 1603, History, Portraits, and Hunting; Lucas
+De Waal, 1591, Battles and Landscapes; Adam Willaerts, 1577, Storms,
+Calms, and Sea Ports; John Wildens, 1584, Landscapes and Figures.
+
+Peter Paul Rubens was of a distinguished family at _Antwerp_; but
+his father being (says Pilkington) under the necessity of quitting his
+country, to avoid the calamities attendant on a civil war, retired for
+security to Cologne; and during his residence in that city Rubens was
+born, in 1577. The day of his nativity was the Feast of St. Peter and
+St. Paul; and thence he received at the baptismal font the names of
+these apostles.
+
+Having been absent from his native country eight years, he was summoned
+home by the repeated illness of his mother; but, though he hastened with
+all speed, he did not reach Antwerp in time to afford his beloved parent
+the consolations of his presence and affections. The loss of her
+affected him deeply; and he intended, when he had arranged his private
+affairs, to go and reside in Italy; but the Archduke Albert and the
+Infanta Isabella exerted their interest to retain him in Flanders, and
+in their service. He consequently established himself at Antwerp, where
+he married his first wife, Elizabeth Brants, and built a magnificent
+house, with a saloon in form of a rotunda, which he enriched with
+antique statues, busts, vases, and pictures, by the most celebrated
+masters; and here, surrounded by works of art, he carried, (says his
+biographer,) into execution those numberless productions of his prolific
+and rich invention, which once adorned his native country, but now are
+become the spoil of war, and the tokens of conquest and ambition,
+shining with equal lustre among super-eminent productions of painting in
+the gallery of the Louvre.
+
+The whole of the paintings, except two, which adorn the gallery of the
+Luxembourg, were executed at Antwerp, by Rubens, for Mary de Medici.
+
+He died in the year 1640, at the age of 63; and was buried, with
+extraordinary pomp, in the church of St. James, at Antwerp, under the
+altar of his private chapel, which he had previously decorated with a
+very fine picture.
+
+P.T.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+The Public Journals.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ADVENTURE WITH A SHARK.
+
+(_Abridged from Tom Cringle's Log, in Blackwood's Magazine._)
+
+
+During the night we stood off and on under easy sail, and next morning,
+when the day broke, with a strong breeze and a fresh shower, we were
+about two miles of the Moro Castle, at the entrance of Santiago de Cuba.
+
+The fresh green shores of this glorious island lay before us, fringed
+with white surf, as the everlasting ocean in its approach to it
+gradually changed its dark blue colour, as the water shoaled, into a
+bright, joyous green under the blazing sun, as if in sympathy with the
+genius of the fair land, before it tumbled at his feet its gently
+swelling billows, in shaking thunders on the reefs and rocky face of the
+coast, against which they were driven up in clouds, the incense of their
+sacrifice. The undulating hills in the vicinity were all either cleared,
+and covered with the greenest verdure that imagination can picture, over
+which strayed large herds of cattle, or with forests of gigantic trees,
+from amongst which, every now and then, peeped out some palm-thatched
+mountain settlement, with its small thread of blue smoke floating up
+into the calm, clear morning air, while the blue hills in the distance
+rose higher and higher, and more and more blue, and dreamy, and
+indistinct, until their rugged summits could not be distinguished from
+the clouds through the glimmering hot haze of the tropics.
+
+A very melancholy accident happened to a poor boy on board, of about
+fifteen years of age, who had already become a great favourite of mine
+from his modest, quiet deportment, as well as of all the
+gunroom-officers, although he had not been above a fortnight in the
+ship. He had let himself down over the bows by the cable to bathe. There
+were several of his comrades standing on the forecastle looking at him,
+and he asked one of them to go out on the spritsail-yard, and look
+round to see if there were any sharks in the neighbourhood; but all
+around was deep, clear, green water. He kept hold of the cable, however,
+and seemed determined not to put himself in harm's way, until a little,
+wicked urchin, who used to wait on the warrant-officers' mess, a small
+meddling snipe of a creature, who got flogged in well behaved weeks
+_only_ once, began to taunt my little mild favourite.
+
+"Why, you chicken-heart, I'll wager a thimbleful of grog, that such a
+tailor as you are in the water can't for the life of you swim but to the
+buoy there."
+
+"Never you mind, Pepperbottom," said the boy, giving the imp the name he
+had richly earned by repeated flagellations. "Never you mind. I am not
+ashamed to show my naked hide, you know. But it is against orders in
+these seas to go overboard, unless with a sail underfoot; so I sha'n't
+run the risk of being tatooed by the boatswain's mate, like some one I
+could tell of."
+
+"Coward," muttered the little wasp, "you are afraid, sir;" and the other
+boys abetting the mischief-maker, the lad was goaded to leave his hold
+of the cable, and strike out for the buoy. He reached it, and then
+turned, and pulled towards the ship again, when he caught my eye.
+
+"Who is that overboard? How dare you, sir, disobey the standing order of
+the ship? Come in, boy; come in."
+
+My hailing the little fellow shoved him off his balance, and he lost his
+presence of mind for a moment or two, during which he, if any thing,
+widened his distance from the ship.
+
+At this instant the lad on the spritsail-yard sung out quick and
+suddenly, "A shark, a shark!"
+
+And the monster, like a silver pillar, suddenly shot up perpendicularly
+from out the dark green depths of the sleeping pool, with the waters
+sparkling and hissing around him, as if he had been a sea-demon rushing
+on his prey.
+
+"Pull for the cable, Louis," shouted fifty voices at once--"pull for the
+cable."
+
+The boy did so--we all ran forward. He reached the cable--grasped it
+with both hands, and hung on, but before he could swing himself out of
+the water, the fierce fish had turned. His whitish-green belly glanced
+in the sun--the poor little fellow gave a heart-splitting yell, which
+was shattered amongst the impending rocks into piercing echoes, and
+these again were reverberated from cavern to cavern, until they died
+away amongst the hollows in the distance, as if they had been the faint
+shrieks of the damned--yet he held fast for a second or two--the
+ravenous tyrant of the sea tug, tugging at him, till the stiff, taught
+cable shook again. At length he was torn from his hold, but did not
+disappear; the animal continuing on the surface crunching his prey with
+his teeth, and digging at him with his jaws, as if trying to gorge a
+morsel too large to be swallowed, and making the water flash up in foam
+over the boats in pursuit, by the powerful strokes of his tail, but
+without ever letting go his hold. The poor lad only cried once more--but
+such a cry--oh, God, I never shall forget it!--and, could it be
+possible, in his last shriek, his piercing expiring cry, his young voice
+seemed to pronounce my name--at least so I thought at the time, and
+others thought so too. The next moment he appeared quite dead. No less
+than three boats had been in the water alongside when the accident
+happend, and they were all on the spot by this time. And there was the
+bleeding and mangled boy, torn along the surface of the water by the
+shark, with the boats in pursuit, leaving a long stream of blood,
+mottled with white specks of fat and marrow in his wake. At length the
+man in the bow of the gig laid hold of him by the arm, another sailor
+caught the other arm, boat-hooks and oars were dug into and launched at
+the monster, who relinquished his prey at last, stripping off the flesh,
+however, from the upper part of the right thigh, until his teeth reached
+the knee, where he nipped the shank clean off, and made sail with the
+leg in his jaws. Poor little Louis never once moved after we took him
+in.--I thought I heard a small, still, stern voice thrill along my
+nerves, as if an echo of the beating of my heart had become articulate.
+"Thomas, a fortnight ago, you impressed that poor boy, who _was_,
+and _now is not_, out of a Bristol ship." Alas, conscience spoke no
+more than the truth.
+
+Our instructions were to lie at St. Jago, until three British ships,
+then loading, were ready for sea, and then to convey them through the
+Caicos, or windward passage. As our stay was therefore likely to be ten
+days or a fortnight at the shortest, the boats were hoisted out, and
+we made our little arrangements and preparations for taking all the
+recreation in our power, and our worthy skipper, taught and stiff as he
+was at sea, always encouraged all kinds of fun and larking, both amongst
+the men and the officers on occasions like the present. Amongst his
+other pleasant qualities, he was a great boat-racer, constantly building
+and altering gigs, and pulling-boats, at his own expense, and matching
+the men against each other for small prizes. He had just finished
+what the old carpenter considered his _chef-d'oeuvre_, and a curious
+affair this same masterpiece was. In the first place it was forty-two
+feet long over all, and only three and a half feet beam--the planking
+was not much above an eighth of an inch in thickness, so that if one
+of the crew had slipped his foot off the stretcher, it must have gone
+through the bottom. There was a standing order that no man was to go
+into it with shoes on. She was to pull six oars, and her crew were the
+captains of the tops, the primest seamen in the ship, and the steersman
+no less a character than the skipper himself.
+
+Her name, for I love to be particular, was the Dragon-fly; she was
+painted out and in of a bright red, amounting to a flame colour--oars
+red--the men wearing trousers and shirts of red flannel, and red net
+night caps--which common uniform the captain himself wore, I think I
+have said before, that he was a very handsome man, and when he had taken
+his seat, and the _gigs_, all fine men, were seated each with his oar
+held upright upon his knees ready to be dropped into the water at the
+same instant, the craft and her crew formed to my eye as pretty a
+plaything for grown children as ever was seen. "Give way, men," the
+oars dipped as clean as so many knives, without a sparkle, the gallant
+fellows stretched out, and away shot the Dragon-fly, like an arrow, the
+green water foaming into white smoke at the bows, and hissing away in
+her wake.
+
+She disappeared in a twinkling round a reach of the canal where we were
+anchored, and we, that is the gunroom-officers, all except the second
+lieutenant, who had the watch, and the master, now got into our own gig
+also, rowed by ourselves, and away we all went in a covey; the purser
+and doctor, and three of the middies forward, Thomas Cringle, gent.,
+pulling the stroke oar, with old Moses Yerk as coxswain;--and as
+the Dragon-flies were all red, so we were all sea-green, boat,
+oars, trousers, shirts, and night-caps. The strain was between the
+_Devil's Darning Needle_ and our boat, the _Watersprite_, which was
+making capital play, for although we had not the _bottom_ of the
+_top_men, yet we had more blood, so to speak, and we had already
+beaten them, in their last gig, all to sticks. But the Dragon-fly was
+a new boat, and now in the water for the first time. * * *
+
+We were both of us so intent on our own match, that we lost sight of
+the Spaniard altogether, and the captain and the first lieutenant were
+bobbing in the sternsheets of their respective gigs like a couple of
+_souple Tams_, as intent on the game as if all our lives had
+depended on it, when in an instant the long, black, dirty prow of the
+canoe was thrust in between us, the old Don singing out, "_Dexa mi
+lugar, paysanos, dexa mi lugar, mis hijos._"[12] We kept away right
+and left, to look at the miracle; and there lay the canoe, rumbling and
+splashing, with her crew walloping about, and grinning and yelling like
+incarnate fiends, and as naked as the day they were born, and the old
+Don himself, so staid and sedate, and drawley as he was a minute before,
+now all alive, shouting, "_Tira, diablitos, tira_,"[13] flourishing
+a small paddle, with which he steered, about his head like a wheel, and
+dancing and jumping about in his seat, as if his bottom had been a
+_haggis_ with quicksilver in it.
+
+"Zounds," roared the skipper,--"why, topmen--why gentlemen, give way for
+the honour of the ship--Gentlemen, stretch out--Men, pull like devils;
+twenty pounds if you beat him."
+
+It was now the evening, near night-fall. A splendid scene burst upon
+our view, on rounding a precipitous rock, from the crevices of which
+some magnificent trees shot up--their gnarled trunks and twisted
+branches overhanging the canal where we were pulling, and anticipating
+the fast falling darkness that was creeping over the fair face of
+nature; and there we floated, in the deep shadow of the cliff and
+trees--Dragon-flies and Water-sprites, motionless and silent, and the
+boats floating so lightly that they scarcely seemed to touch the water,
+the men resting on their oars, and all of us wrapped with the
+magnificence of the scenery around us, beneath us, and above us.
+
+The left or western bank of the narrow entrance to the harbour, from
+which we were now debouching, ran out in all its precipitousness and
+beauty, (with its dark evergreen bushes overshadowing the deep blue
+waters, and its gigantic trees shooting forth high into the glowing
+western sky, their topmost branches gold-tipped in the flood of radiance
+shed by the rapidly sinking sun, while all below where we lay was grey
+cold shade,) until it joined the northern shore, when it sloped away
+gradually towards the east; the higher parts of the town sparkling in
+the evening sun, on this dun ridge, like a golden tower on the back
+of an elephant, while the houses that were in the shade covered the
+declivity, until it sank down to the water's edge. On the right hand the
+haven opened boldly out into a basin about four miles broad by seven
+long, in which the placid waters spread out beyond the shadow of the
+western bank into one vast sheet of molten gold, with the canoe tearing
+along the shining surface, her side glancing in the sun, and her paddles
+flashing back his rays, and leaving a long train of living fire
+sparkling in her wake.--It was now about six o'clock in the evening; the
+sun had set to us, as we pulled along under the frowning brow of the
+cliff, where the birds were fast settling on their nightly perches, with
+small happy twitterings, and the lizards and numberless other chirping
+things began to send forth their evening hymn to the great Being who
+made them and us, and a solitary white-sailing owl would every now and
+then flit spectrelike from one green tuft, across the bald face of the
+cliff, to another, and the small divers around us were breaking up the
+black surface of the waters into little sparkling circles as they fished
+for their suppers. All was becoming brown and indistinct near us; but
+the level beams of the setting sun still lingered with a golden radiance
+upon the lovely city, and the shipping at anchor before it, making their
+sails, where loosed to dry, glance like leaves of gold, and their spars,
+and masts, and rigging like wires of gold, and gilding their flags,
+which were waving majestically and slow from the peaks in the evening
+breeze; and the Moorish-looking steeples of the churches were yet
+sparkling in the glorious blaze, which was gradually deepening into
+gorgeous crimson, while the large pillars of the cathedral, then
+building on the highest part of the ridge, stood out like brazen
+monuments, softening even as we looked into a Stonehenge of amethysts.
+
+We had not pulled fifty yards, when we heard the distant rattle of the
+muskets of the sentries at the gangways, as they discharged them at
+sundown, and were remarking, as we were rowing leisurely along, upon
+the strange effect produced by the reports, as they were frittered away
+amongst the overhanging cliffs in chattering reverberations, when the
+captain suddenly sung out, "Oars!" All hands lay on them. "Look there,"
+he continued--"There--between the gigs--saw you ever any thing
+like that, gentlemen?" We all leant over; and although the boats,
+from the _way_ they had, were skimming along nearer seven than five
+knots--_there_ lay a large shark; he must have been twelve feet long at
+the shortest, swimming right in the middle, and equi-distant from both,
+and keeping _way_ with us most accurately.
+
+He was distinctly visible, from the strong and vivid phosphorescence
+excited by his rapid motion through the sleeping waters of the dark
+creek, which lit up his jaws, and head, and whole body; his eyes were
+especially luminous, while a long wake of sparkles streamed away astern
+of him from the lashing of his tail. As the boats lost their speed,
+the luminousness of his appearance faded gradually as he shortened
+sail also, until he disappeared altogether. He was then at rest, and
+suspended motionless in the water; and the only thing that indicated
+his proximity, was an occasional sparkle from the motion of a fin. We
+brought the boats nearer together, after pulling a stroke or two, but he
+seemed to sink as we closed, until at last we could merely distinguish
+an indistinct halo far down in the clear black profound. But as we
+separated, and resumed our original position, he again rose near the
+surface; and although the ripple and dip of the oars rendered him
+invisible while we were pulling, yet the moment we again rested on them,
+there was the monster, like a persecuting fiend, once more right between
+us, glaring on us, and apparently watching every motion. It was a
+terrible spectacle, and rendered still more striking by the melancholy
+occurrence of the forenoon. "That's the very identical, damnable
+_baste_ himself, as murthered poor little Louis this morning, yeer
+honour; I knows him from the torn flesh of him under his larboard
+blinker, sir--just where Wiggen's boat hook punished him," quoth the
+Irish captain of the mizzen-top.
+
+"A water-kelpie," murmured another of the Captain's gigs, a Scotchman.
+
+The men were evidently alarmed, "Stretch out, men: never mind the shark.
+He can't jump into the boat surely," said the skipper. "What the deuce
+are you afraid of?"
+
+We arrived within pistol-shot of the ship.
+
+As we approached, the sentry hailed, "Boat, ahoy!"
+
+"Firebrand," sung out the skipper, in reply.
+
+"Man the side--gangway lanterns there," quoth the officer on duty; and
+by the time we were close to, there were two sidesmen over the side with
+the manropes ready stuck out to our grasp, and two boys with lanterns
+above them. We got on deck.
+
+
+    [12] "Leave me room, countrymen--leave me room, my children."
+
+    [13] Equivalent to "Pull, you devils, pull!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+The Gatherer.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+_The Emperor Adrian and the Architect Apollodorus._--When
+Apollodorus was conversing with Trajan on some plans of architecture,
+Adrian interfered, and gave an opinion, which the artist treated with
+contempt. "Go," says he, "and paint gourds" (an amusement which Adrian
+was fond of), "for you are very ignorant of the subject on which we are
+conversing." When Adrian became emperor, the affront was remembered, and
+it prevented Apollodorus from being employed. Nor was the opinion which
+Apollodorus gave with respect to the plans of a sumptuous temple of
+Venus forgotten: viz.--upon seeing the statues sitting, as they were,
+in the temple (which, it seems, wanted much of its due proportion in
+height), he said, "if the goddesses should ever attempt to stand upon
+their feet, they would assuredly break their heads against the ceiling."
+Adrian, meanly jealous and inexcusably revengeful, banished the
+architect, and having caused him to be accused of various crimes, put
+him to death.
+
+P.T.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Juan Rufa said--"There are two classes of persons who are inconsolable,
+the rich on the point of death, and women on the departure of their
+beauty." He said, on another occasion, "that he who defined a compliment
+to be an agreeable falsehood, which serves as a net to catch dupes, was
+not far short of the truth, since the greater part of compliments are
+expressions directly at variance with internal conviction."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Dice are said to have been invented by Palamedes, at the siege of Troy,
+for the amusement of the soldiers.
+
+              *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ANNUALS FOR 1833.
+
+
+The time requisite for the completion of a large and picturesque
+Engraving compels us to defer the Supplement, containing the SPIRIT
+of the ANNUALS, till our next Number.
+
+              *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and published by J. LIMBIRD, 143. Strand, (near Somerset
+House,) London; sold by G.G. BENNIS, 55, Rue Neuve, St. Augustin,
+Paris; CHARLES JUGEL, Francfort; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, No. 579, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE ***
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