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diff --git a/15518.txt b/15518.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b386fbc --- /dev/null +++ b/15518.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1543 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On +In It, Vol. 1, No. 26, May 6, 1897, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 26, May 6, 1897 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Release Date: April 1, 2005 [EBook #15518] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. (www.pgdp.net) + + + + + + + + +_FIVE CENTS._ + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD + +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT + + SUBSCRIPTION PRICE. MAY 6, 1897 Vol. 1. NO. 26 + $2.50 PER YEAR + [Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second-class matter] + +[Illustration] + + A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER FOR BOYS AND GIRLS + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. PUBLISHER + + NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + +Copyright, 1897, by WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. + + AS A + =SPECIAL INDUCEMENT= + + for our subscribers to interest others in "The Great Round + World," we will give to each subscriber who sends us $2.50 to + pay for a year's subscription to a new name, a copy of + + =Rand, McNally & Co.= + =1897 Atlas of the World.= + + =160 pages of colored maps from new plates, size 11 1/2 x 14 + inches, printed on special paper with marginal index, and well + worth its regular price - - - - $2.50.= + + +Every one has some sort of an atlas, doubtless, but an old atlas is no +better than an old directory; countries do not move away, as do people, +but they do change and our knowledge of them increases, and this atlas, +made in 1897 from =new= plates, is perfect and up to date and covers every +point on + + =The Great Round World.= + +Those not subscribers should secure the subscription of a friend and remit +$5 to cover it and their own. A copy of the atlas will be sent to either +address. + + * * * * * + +GREAT ROUND WORLD, + +_3 and 5 West 18th Street, . . . . . . . .New York City._ + + + * * * * * + + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD +NATURAL HISTORY +STORIES. + +A Series of True Stories + +BY +JULIA TRUITT BISHOP. + +Attractively Illustrated by Barnes. + + * * * * * + +These stories will be issued in parts. Price, 10 cents each. Subscription +price (12 numbers), $1.00. Part 1. issued as supplement to GREAT ROUND +WORLD. NO. 20. + + * * * * * + + =Author's Preface.= + + The stories published in this little volume have been issued + from time to time in the Philadelphia _Times_, and it is at the + request of many readers that they now greet the world in more + enduring form. They have been written as occasion suggested, + during several years; and they commemorate to me many of the + friends I have known and loved in the animal world. "Shep" and + "Dr. Jim," "Abdallah" and "Brownie," "Little Dryad" and + "Peek-a-Boo." I have been fast friends with every one, and have + watched them with such loving interest that I knew all their + ways and could almost read their thoughts. I send them on to + other lovers of dumb animals, hoping that the stories of these + friends of mine will carry pleasure to young and old. + + * * * * * + + =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON,= + =3 & 5 West 18th Street.= + + * * * * * + + + * * * * * + +_We hope that_ ... + +=TEACHERS= + +will avail themselves of the special trial subscription rate of =$1 a +year= before the time expires. + + * * * * * + +GREAT ROUND WORLD, + +3 and 5 West 18th Street, . . . . . . New York City. + + * * * * * + +A great deal is expected of the teachers in our public schools at the +present day in the way of keeping the pupils conversant with the political +and scientific questions of the day. While this is as it should be, we +believe that if parents would look well to the quality of reading-matter +placed before their children better results would be obtained from the +teachers' efforts in this line. THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, AND WHAT IS +GOING ON IN IT, is the name of a newspaper for children, and without +exception it is the finest one of its kind ever published. It comes in +magazine form, and is overflowing with interesting subjects written in +such a bright and yet simple manner that the whole household unwittingly +becomes interested in it.--_Omer, Mich., Progress, Jan. 8, 1897._ + + * * * * * + +=THE . FIRST . BOUND . VOLUME= + +OF + +="The Great Round World"= + +(Containing Nos. 1 to 15) + +IS NOW READY. + + Handsomely bound in strong cloth, with title on side and back. + Price, postage paid, $1.25. Subscribers may exchange their + numbers by sending them to us (express paid) with 35 cents to + cover cost of binding, and 10 cents for return carriage. Address + +=_3 sad 5 West 18th Street,- - - -New York City._= + + * * * * * + +[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND +WORLD +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.] + + VOL. 1 MAY 6, 1897. NO. 26 + + * * * * * + +Now that the war between Greece and Turkey has really commenced, people +are much interested in comparing the strength of the two armies, and +wondering which side will gain the victory. + +The Greek regular army numbers one hundred and twenty-five thousand, the +Turkish one hundred and fifty thousand. When all the reserves are called +out, it is thought that both countries can put twice if not three times as +many men in the field. + +The Turkish army is considered the finer of the two, because it is so well +drilled, and so perfectly armed. It is said that German officers have been +teaching the Turkish soldiers the modern methods of war. + +The Turks, however, are the weaker in two important points: their means of +providing food for their soldiers, and in facilities for carrying them +quickly from one point to another. + +An army that is weak in these two very important points loses a good deal +of its usefulness. + +As we have seen in Cuba, men cannot fight well when they are hungry. It +is also a fatal thing to have no good roads or railroads, along which +large bodies of men may be sent when they are needed. + +The Greek army is not nearly so well drilled as the Turkish, nor so well +officered. The Turks have in Edhem Pasha a splendid leader, while the +Greeks have no great general to lead them, and at present no general who +seems even particularly clever. But that need not worry the friends of +Greece. The history of the world has taught us that every great occasion +has brought with it a great man capable of dealing with it. The French +Revolution brought forth Napoleon, the War of Independence gave us +Washington. We can therefore trust that what has happened before may occur +again, and that the Greek crisis may produce its Washington, to lead the +brave little country safely to success. + +The great strength of the Greeks lies in their navy, which is one of the +finest in Europe. The Greek ships are modern, well manned, and well armed. +The Turkish navy, on the other hand, has been the joke of Europe for many +years. + +Since the invention of the great guns that will send a cannon ball through +the side of a wooden ship as easily as you can pierce an egg-shell with a +needle, all the warships have been fitted with strong steel armored hulls +and water-tight compartments, such as we told you about on page 75 of Vol. +I. of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD. + +Turkey has none of these new ships. She has been bankrupt for so many +years that she has not had the money to buy any of them. + +It is supposed that the Turks will be more successful on land than the +Greeks, but that the Greek navy will win back on the sea as much as the +army loses on land. + +It is also said that the Turkish arrangements for feeding the soldiers are +so bad, that, if the war runs on into months instead of weeks, the Turks +will not be able to hold out. + + * * * * * + +The Senate has not yet taken any action on the Cuban Bill. + +Senator Morgan again brought it before the House, hoping that he would be +able to bring it to a vote. He was, however, obliged to agree to hold it +over for a day or two until Senator Hale should be able to be present, as +Mr. Hale has some very important things he wishes to say on the subject. + +From Cuba there is very little news of interest. + +Much indignation is felt against General Weyler, because he has sent out +soldiers to destroy the Cuban hospitals, and in the last few days several +have been burned and the sick soldiers in them murdered. + +The Cubans are not able to have large hospitals, because they cannot spare +a sufficient number of men to protect them, so they have been in the habit +of building huts in the forests, where they would leave a few wounded men, +in the charge of one or two nurses. + +These forest hospitals are not guarded. The Cubans have trusted to the +woods to conceal them from the enemy. + +It seems that the Spaniards have found out the secret of the hospitals, +and now General Weyler has sent out parties to make a careful search for +them. + +As soon as a hut is found the invalids are put to death and the nurses +taken prisoner. + +To fire upon or in any way attack a hospital is against the rules of +civilized warfare, and this new horror of General Weyler's adds one more +to the long list of his crimes. + + * * * * * + +The Mississippi River has not begun to subside yet, and the floods grow +daily more serious, as fresh levees give way, and allow the waters to flow +over new districts. + +There is, however, some hope that the greatest height of the flood wave +has been reached, and that the angry waters may begin to go back in a few +days. + +There is still fear that the city of New Orleans may be swept by the +flood. + + * * * * * + +The vexed question of the Bering Sea seal fisheries is coming up again. + +The Bering Sea divides America from Asia, and is bordered on the American +side by the State of Alaska, and on the Asiatic side by Siberia. + +Up to the year 1867, Alaska, or Aliaska, as it was called, belonged to the +Russian Government. + +In that year it was sold to the United States for $7,200,000. + +At the time of the purchase Alaska was looked upon as a very barren land; +no one ever dreamt that gold and silver and other valuable minerals would +be found in it. The money spent for the purchase was seriously begrudged +by many people, and Mr. Seward, the Secretary of State who had made the +bargain, was much blamed, people saying that it was a foolish waste of +the public money. + +The one source of income which Alaska was known to possess in those days +was its seal fisheries. A great herd of fur-bearing seals lived in the +Alaskan waters, and the Government expected to make these seals very +profitable to it. + +Under the Russian rule, the fur seal regions had been very carefully +protected, and when the United States bought Alaska the Government decided +to care for the animals in the same way that the Russians had done, +allowing only a certain number of seals to be killed each year. + +The fisheries were leased to a company called the Alaska Commercial +Company of San Francisco, which had the entire rights to them, under +certain rules and regulations laid down by the Government. + +Soon after Alaska and its seal fisheries came into the possession of the +United States, English and American vessels--the latter not belonging to +the Commercial Company--entered the Bering Sea, and slaughtered any seals +they could reach, without regard to the proper rules for seal fishing. + +The Company complained to the Government, and in 1887 this seal poaching +had become such a serious matter that the United States ordered her +revenue cutters up to Bering Sea to protect her interests. + +Several ships were captured by the revenue-officers, and most of them were +British vessels. + +This opened the way for the dispute between Great Britain and the United +States, which has been going on ever since, and has been one of the most +troublesome questions our rulers have had to deal with. + +Great Britain claimed that she had a perfect right to fish in Bering Sea, +and the United States insisted that she had bought all the rights to the +fishing when she bought Alaska. + +After the quarrel had dragged on for five years, it was finally, in 1892, +decided to arbitrate it. + +The Committee appointed for this purpose met in Paris, France, in 1893, +and finally decided that Russia had never had any rights in the Bering +Sea, beyond the usual rights which all countries have of controlling the +seas for three miles out from their borders. + +Beyond the three-mile limit, the ocean becomes the "high seas," and is +then open to anybody. + +It was decided that Russia could not sell the Bering Sea to the United +States. + +The matter being thus decided, the question of caring for the seals was +left as unsettled as ever, and it was most necessary that some arrangement +should be made, unless the seals were to be totally destroyed. + +The decision at Paris made it necessary that Great Britain should be +willing to agree to any plan that should be adopted. + +It was therefore shown to the Committee that the seal flocks were in +danger of being destroyed, and a set of laws was made that proper care +might be taken of the seals. England and the United States agreed to obey +these laws, and it was decided that they should go into effect at once. + +As it was supposed that in course of time it might be wise to alter these +laws, it was further agreed between England and the United States that +they should be looked over every five years, and changed if it was +necessary. + +The five years has still sixteen months to run, but the American +Government has thought it advisable to ask that the two countries meet and +talk the subject over once more, as the laws are not strong enough to +protect the seals. + +The United States complains now that Canadian and British fishers are +killing the seals in the same careless, ignorant way that they did before +the Treaty of Paris, and that unless they are stopped there will be no +seals in Alaska in a very few years. + +The Government says that the habits of the seals must be studied and +understood, so that they may be protected, in order that all the fur +necessary for market may be obtained, without interfering with the growth +of the herds. + +Every year the seals arrive in flocks hundreds of thousands strong, and +seek a sandy beach, or some nice sunny rocks, where they can spend the +summer. In these places they establish rookeries, or villages, as they are +sometimes called. + +The fathers of the families come first, arriving in April to seek out +comfortable quarters. + +In June the mothers come to the island, take possession of the homes +provided for them, and pretty soon each seal mother has a nice little seal +pup to occupy her home with her. + +It is a curious thing about these little seal pups that though they are +going to spend their lives in the water, they don't like the idea of it at +all, and have to be forced into the water by their mothers, and taught to +swim just as though they were little boys and girls. + +Baby seals have nearly white fur when they are born, and, strange to say, +until this coat falls off and the dark one comes, their mothers never +attempt to take them to the water. + +The seals are not the gentle things they appear to be, with their soft +brown eyes and their sleek coats. On the contrary, they are very fierce +and warlike if any attempt is made to interfere with their families. + +When the fathers first reach the beach, and set about making the home +ready for their families, they will not allow any of the young bachelor +seals to land near the rookeries. They force them either to remain in the +water, or to go to the highlands above the village. + +The bachelor seals think they have as much right to a comfortable home as +the older seals, and so they fight hard to enter the villages. + +This fighting keeps up the whole summer while the seals are out of the +water, and those who have seen these battles say that "night and day, the +sound of them is like that of an approaching railway train." + +So steadily does the fighting continue that the old seals have no time to +eat, and during the three or four months they stay with their families on +the beaches they never take a mouthful of food. At the end of the time, +when they leave the rookeries, they are thin and miserable, and covered +with battle scars. + +The killing of the seals should be carefully arranged with a knowledge of +these habits. + +The proper rules are that no mother seals, baby seals, or father seals +shall be killed, but that the hunters shall watch until the badly behaved +bachelor seals have got tired with fighting, and gone up above the +rookeries to rest. The hunters ought then to creep in between the seals +and the water, and making a noise to frighten them drive them inland. + +Every hunter should be armed with a wooden club, and when he has chosen a +seal that seems to be about two or three years old, he should strike it +with this club and kill it. + +In this way a large number of seals can be obtained without disturbing the +rest of the flock. + +The manner of killing that the United States complains of is that the +hunters creep into the rookeries and kill the mother seals, leaving the +poor little pups to die by thousands for want of their mothers' care. + +Because of this wholesale killing of the seals, there are few young seals +left to grow up in the place of those that have been taken away, and so +after a time there will be no more flocks at all. + +The sealskin which we use is made out of the under fur of the animal. The +seals which are caught for fur have a very thick, velvet-like undercoat, +covered with a quantity of long hair, which has to be removed from the +skins before they can be used for market. + +The roots of these long hairs grow much deeper into the skin than those of +the short, thick fur, and so the pelts can be laid face downward, and +pared away very carefully at the back until the roots of the long hairs +are cut through. The long hairs are then pulled out of the skin, and the +beautiful soft fur is left. + +It is to be hoped that, in the discussion of this matter between England +and the United States, the proper rules for killing the seals may be very +strictly laid down, that they may be enforced. It will be too bad if this +splendid fur is lost through ignorance and carelessness. + + * * * * * + +Another of the old questions that have vexed our Government is being +brought to the front again. This one is the annexation of the Hawaiian +Islands. + +The reason why this subject has come up again is that the Japanese have +been emigrating to these islands in such vast numbers of late, that an +invasion is feared, and the Government is anxious to have American +protection. + +A little while ago word was sent that the Hawaiians had turned back four +hundred Japanese emigrants who sought to land at Honolulu. Japan +immediately sent war-ships to inquire into the matter, and the United +States also sent a cruiser. + +It soon became evident that the affair was much more serious than at first +appeared. + +The Japanese have been emigrating to Hawaii in such vast numbers that, +unless something is done to stop them, there will soon be more Japanese +than natives in the islands. + +The Government of Hawaii, awakening to the danger that threatened, has +made fresh advances to the United States, asking once more to be annexed +to this country. + +This question of annexation has been talked about since the year 1893. + +In January, 1893, there was a revolution in Hawaii, because the people had +found cause to dislike their queen, Liliuokalani. This queen's behavior +had been very bad, and her rule had been a disgrace to the islands for +some time. At last the people would stand it no longer, and so removed her +from the throne. + +The people who revolted against the Queen were either Americans or people +born of American parents settled in Hawaii. + +They formed a government, and after many troubles asked the United States +to take possession of the Hawaiian Islands, and, in return, to pay over +$3,000,000 of debts which Hawaii had contracted, and a yearly income of +$20,000 to the deposed queen, and also a lump sum of $150,000 to her +daughter, Princess Kaulani. + +Mr. Cleveland, who was President, opposed the idea of taking possession of +the islands, and endeavored to restore Queen Liliuokalani to her throne. + +His efforts were not successful. The Hawaiians would not have her back, +and having had time to establish a government for themselves, they felt as +if they could do without the United States as well as their dark-skinned +Queen. So the question of annexing the islands fell through. + +Now it is before us again with greater force than before. + +It is evident that if we don't want Hawaii, Japan does, and the time is +drawing near when some decided step must be taken. + +The Japanese plan for securing Hawaii seems to be similar to the English +plan for getting possession of the Transvaal. + +It seems to be their idea to fill the islands with Japanese, until the +number of Asiatics is far greater than that of the Hawaiians. Then they +will demand a voice in the government, and when once they have secured +that, it will be only a question of time when they will have the +government of the islands under their control. + +The people of Hawaii became suspicious of this plot when they found that +the Japanese who came over in such hordes (sometimes as many as fifteen +hundred in one week), were not laborers seeking work, as is the case with +most immigrants. + +It was found that the new arrivals belonged to the student class, and that +after they arrived in the islands, they made no attempt to get anything to +do, but seemed to be living on their incomes. + +This made the Hawaiians suspicious that these emigrants were being sent +over at the expense of their Government, and that the Mikado was +supporting them until he had gained his ends, and secured the islands for +himself. + +Just lately there was a scare of fever in Honolulu, the port of Hawaii, +and the baggage of the incoming people had to be carefully fumigated. +While doing this work the officers found to their surprise that nearly +every Japanese immigrant had a soldier's uniform done up in his baggage. + +The Government does not know what to make of this, but has become so +thoroughly alarmed that it is seeking the protection of the United States. + +A prominent lawyer from Honolulu has come over here to assist the +officials who are already in Washington laying their case before our +Government. + +The Japanese treat the matter very lightly, and pretend that it is a +foolish scare that amounts to nothing. They insist, however, that the +Japanese immigrants shall not be turned back from Hawaii but allowed to +land, as they have a right to do, according to the treaty existing between +Hawaii and Japan. + + * * * * * + +Some fresh news has come about the uprising in Brazil. + +The insurgents it would seem are led by a man named Antonio Conselhiero, +who appears to be a very extraordinary kind of person. + +He first made his appearance last November, when one day he marched +through the streets of a small town in Bahia, followed by a well-drilled, +orderly band of men and women. + +These people went through the streets singing the old songs and hymns of +the empire, and every now and then they would halt, and Conselhiero would +address the crowd that gathered around him. + +From the descriptions of him that have been sent from Brazil, he seems to +be an enormously tall man, with black eyes, and long black hair and beard. +He is broad and big as well as tall, and looks like a giant. + +He seemed to have such an influence over the crowds who listened to his +words, that they flocked to his standard, and followed him, promising to +help him in his crusade against the government, and his attempt to restore +the monarchy. + +The Governor ordered the police to send the crowds back to their homes, +and drive Conselhiero and his band out of the city. But this was easier +said than done. The strange man's followers, women as well as men, +attacked the police, killing some, and wounding many. + +Then Conselhiero made his way to a mountain, where he encamped with his +followers, and prepared to defy the authorities. + +The Governor, still thinking the whole affair was but an insignificant +riot, sent a small body of soldiers after the insurgents, with orders to +make them break up their camp and move off. + +When the soldiers arrived at Conselhiero's encampment, they made very +light of being sent out to disperse a body of tramps and vagabonds. + +Their amusement did not last long. A number of women, armed with heavy +swords, rushed out upon them, and attacked them so furiously that they +were forced to run for their lives. + +More troops were sent out by the Governor, and three times were they +beaten by Conselhiero's strange army of women and men. + +The authorities refused to believe that there was anything serious in +these defeats, and persisted in thinking "the fanatics," as Conselhiero's +followers are called, a parcel of crazy lunatics who would soon come to +their senses. + +At last when it was found that Conselhiero was preaching the return of the +monarchy to the people, and that peasants and soldiers were alike flocking +to his standard, in the hope of seeing a prince on the throne of Brazil, +they began to see that this man was by no means crazy, but that he was a +very serious enemy who must be seriously treated. + +There is a very strong wish in the hearts of many Brazilians for the +return of the monarchy, and numbers of influential people are joining +Conselhiero, who is gaining ground every day. + +The revolution has indeed gained such a strong hold in Brazil that it +will be a very difficult task to put it down. + + * * * * * + +The Greater Republic of Central America does not seem to be having a very +pleasant time of it. + +If you remember, it was only recognized by our Government in December +last, and already there is trouble. + +On page 220 of Vol. I we told you that the Greater Republic of Central +America was formed by the union of the three republics of Honduras, San +Salvador, and Nicaragua. + +Now there is a revolution in Honduras; one of those toy revolutions we +spoke about in No. 22 of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD. + +In all the small South American Republics, revolution and rebellion is as +the breath of life to the people. + +If a general gets popular with his soldiers he at once plots to overthrow +the government, and with the help of the army become president himself. + +Every man who is either clever or ambitious gets up a toy revolution to +depose somebody, and take his place. + +The present revolution appears to be of the usual kind. + +The President has become unpopular, and it is said that one of the former +presidents, Dr. Soto, thinks he would like to have another term of office, +and so he has incited the people to revolt. + +A new government has been formed to take charge of affairs until they +become more settled, and things seem to be shaping themselves to suit the +doctor's wishes. + +San Salvador and Guatemala, though by their new ties they are bound to +assist their sister republic, have declined to interfere, and it looks as +if the life of the Greater Republic of Central America would not be nearly +as long as its name. + + * * * * * + +On page 134 of Vol. I. we spoke about the unfortunate Russians who are +exiled to Siberia, and of the thousands of miles they are forced to march +across the continent before they reach their place of punishment. + +It has just been reported that the Czar has issued a decree that persons +who are exiled to Siberia shall, from this time forth, be carried by train +to the convict settlements. + +In the days when the poor unfortunates had to make the journey on foot it +took ninety days of steady marching to reach the journey's end, and women +and children as well as men took their places in the long, sad procession +that wound its way across the dreary steppes of Russia. + +This decree must have caused much rejoicing among the Russian people, and +if the Czar continues to rule his people so mercifully and kindly, we may +all live to see the day when there will be no more Nihilism or hatred +between the ruler and the ruled in Russia, and when it will no longer be +necessary to send anybody to Siberia. + + * * * * * + +The boys of the Cambridge Manual Training School have a new lesson which +has become very popular with them. + +This is a fire drill. + +The pupils are taught to go through the whole process of fighting a fire +in the same way that the firemen do. + +Before the boys are allowed to join the fire battalion they have to be +drilled, taught to march, and are obliged to attend lectures on surgery, +and how to help injured people until the doctor comes. + +After the boys have gone through this first course of study, they begin +their real fireman's training. They attend more lectures in which they +learn how to handle the various ladders and machines which firemen use. +They have to learn how a fire engine is put together, what are the uses of +every wheel and valve, and how to clean and care for each separate part of +the engine; and when they are quite familiar with the various things used +by firemen they pass on to the last stage of training. + +This begins on March 1st, and from this time on the work is done out of +doors. + +A wooden building forty feet high, and provided with doors and windows +exactly like a three-story house, is put up in the schoolyard, and it is +with this building that the lessons are given. + +Every Thursday afternoon an imaginary fire takes place in it. The hose is +run out, the ladders are raised, and the lads go to work with a will, +saving imaginary lives, and fighting imaginary flames. + +Each week some new complication is supposed to take place, and some extra +machine has to be brought into use, until by the end of the school term +they can handle every machine and ladder with the greatest ease. + +When first the fire drill was introduced into the school, the boys were +not obliged to take the study unless they wanted to; but it has become so +popular that they are eager and anxious to take it, and now is part of the +regular course of the school for all boys who are strong enough to stand +the hard work it necessitates. + + * * * * * + +Some time ago we talked about the moving of the village of Katonah. Our +friends in California can do better than that. While New York moves +houses, California moves mountains. + +A dam is being built at San Diego, Cal., to gather water for the city. +Where the water supply for a city is not quite sufficient, darns are often +built, to stop small rivers from flowing away to waste; and the water +gathered by the barrier of wood, stone, or earth, as the case may be, is +turned into the city to be used by the people. + +In the San Diego work, a huge mass of rocky hillside overhung the canon +which was to be dammed, and at the bottom of which the river flowed. + +A canon is, as you doubtless know, a deep gorge or ravine, formed by the +river that flows through it, and which little by little has worn away its +bed until it has cut deep down into the heart of the land, hundreds of +feet below its original level. + +As we have said, the plan for the San Diego work was to build a dam across +the canon, and keep the waters from flowing away. + +The engineers thought that if they could only take this huge mass of rocky +hill and drop it into the canon, it would make their work very much +easier, as the task of getting enough stone down to the bottom of the +gorge to build their dam was by no means an easy one. + +They thought the matter out, and finally decided to try and move the +mountain-side into the canon. + +They laid their plans, and for two months were busy preparing for the +great move. + +They tunnelled the hillside in all directions over the section which they +desired to move, and in these tunnels laid mines of giant powder or +dynamite. + +These mines they connected with electric wires, and when all was ready, +the various wires were gathered into one bunch, and taken across the gorge +that was to be filled up. + +When the explosion was about to take place the workmen and engineers moved +ever so far away, until they were at a safe distance from the explosion, +and one man, the foreman, was sent to the edge of the canon to touch the +wires, and start the firing of the mines. + +When he received the signal he touched the wire, and then ran away to +safety as fast as he could go, while the others watched the explosion. + +It seems to have been a most wonderful sight. + +Bowlders and masses of rock rose from their beds on the hillside, and +little tongues of dust and smoke shot out from the earth in all +directions. Then there was a terrific growl, which seemed to come from the +heart of the mountain, the earth shook, the men who were watching were +thrown to the ground, and with a roar and a rattle the side of the +mountain moved and began to fall. + +There was a shower of stones which continued to fall for over an hour, and +the dust was so thick that it was impossible to see; but when it finally +cleared, it was found that an enormous slice of the side of the mountain +had been blown into the canon below. + +The engineers said that one hundred and fifty thousand tons of rock had +been moved, and to their great pride they found that it had fallen exactly +according to their plans, and had bridged the canon and formed the bulwark +for the support of the dam. + + * * * * * + +The past week has been one of great anxiety for Greece and the Greek +cause. + +The Turks have been steadily gaining ground in the East; they have swarmed +through the pass of Milouna into the plains of Thessaly. + +The Greeks fought nobly, and succeeded in driving the Turks a little way +back toward Milouna, but the vast army of Turkey was too strong for them, +and despite their efforts, the enemy has made its way into Greece, and +advanced upon the city of Larissa. + +The mayors and governors of Thessaly have called on the peasants and all +men capable of bearing arms to come to the defence of their country, and +volunteers are flocking in every hour. + +The latest news that has reached us states that the Greeks have finally +fallen back to Pharsalia, leaving Larissa at the mercy of the Turks. + +Now while this looks very badly for the Greeks, and at this time it seems +as if their ultimate defeat were sure, it is too soon to offer any very +decided opinion. + +It may all be a part of a very deep-laid plan of the Greeks. + +It must be remembered that the weak points of the Turkish army in regard +to provisions and transportation are as well known to the Greeks as to us. +The farther the Turks can be enticed away from the place where they keep +their stores, the weaker they grow. The Greeks may have planned to lure +them over the border, and away from their supplies, and then fight them +when they have them at a disadvantage. + +This looks the more likely when it is taken into consideration that the +Greeks have been successful in invading Turkey and reaching Elassona, the +Turkish headquarters, and that they also hold the Pass of Reveni. + +The Greek navy has been doing some very fine work, bombarding and +destroying towns on the east coast, as well as the west. + +The Greek army which was pressing on to the Turkish city of Janina in +Epirus has met with a severe reverse. + +With information of the defeat comes news that is of such great importance +to the Greek cause that the present check may prove to be of very little +importance. + +This news is that the Albanians have risen against their masters the +Turks, and joined with the Greeks. + +Albania was at one time a part of Greece, but that was in the early +history of the Empire. It at last secured its freedom and became an +independent country. + +In 1478 the Turks conquered Albania, and it has been under Turkish rule +ever since. The Albanians have no love for the Turks, and though they are +supposed to be obedient to the Sultan's wishes, he does not dare to +appoint any but native Albanians to govern them. The people have always +contrived to give him all the trouble possible. + +The Greeks hoped that the Albanians would join them, as well as the +Macedonians, and so, despite the reverses that the week has brought, with +these powerful friends to help them, they must be feeling more sure of +success than they were a few days ago. + +Bulgaria is also becoming restless and making demands of the Sultan, +threatening to revolt against him if he does not give them what they ask +for. + +The Prince of Bulgaria has made a trip to Berlin to borrow money for the +war. And it is likely that the Sultan may soon have so many enemies to +fight that he will wish the Powers had allowed him to arrange the Cretan +matters for himself, without interfering and bringing this hornet's nest +about his ears. + + GENIE H. ROSENFELD. + + + + +INVENTION AND DISCOVERY. + + +With the summer coming on, inventions for swimmers are being brought +forward. + +The WATER SKATE or shoe is to afford a new and very delightful +means of sport. + +It is intended to be used when the swimmer is in the upright position +assumed in treading water. A swimmer can maintain this position for a long +time, but can ordinarily make no headway in the water. + +[Illustration] + +The water skate is invented to enable him to strike out with his feet as +in walking. Under the skate there are two "fins." These remain pressed +together with the forward movement of the foot, but with the same movement +as the hands take in swimming. These fins open out as the foot reaches the +limit of its stride, and push back the water exactly in the same way that +the arms do. + +It is claimed that a high rate of speed can be obtained with this water +skate. + +CANOPY FOR BICYCLES.--All cyclers complain so of the heat of the +sun, that busy brains are at work to find a means of protecting the riders +from the fierce heat. + +A canopy has just been invented, which seems to be the most practical and +sensible of any of the coverings offered. + +It has a pointed roof to it, and spreads over the rider at a distance that +in no way obstructs the view. + +[Illustration] + +One great advantage of this canopy is that it is firmer than any other +kind so far suggested. + + * * * * * + +THE PORTABLE FIRE-ESCAPE is an invention that should recommend +itself to every one. It is small enough to be easily carried, and is so +arranged that the person using it to let himself down from a burning +building can control the rate of speed at which he descends, and avoid all +danger of a sudden fall. + +It is firmly hooked on to a clamp that is provided with it, and it +consists of a seat attached to two pulleys, through which the ropes pass. + +The person seeking to escape from the fire places himself on the seat, +and, grasping the pulley firmly, lets himself out of the window. By means +of an attachment he is able, as we have said, to regulate the speed of his +descent. + +[Illustration] + +This invention ought to be of great service to all those who live in high +buildings. + + G.H.R. + + + + +LETTERS FROM OUR YOUNG FRIENDS. + + + DEAR EDITOR: + + Being a great reader of your paper, I of course felt inclined to + send you some praise, as you deserve it. I am more interested in + Cuba than in the affairs of Crete. I have been to see the new + Library, and consider it the finest in the world. Hoping much + success to the paper, I remain, + + Your interested reader, + NATALIE C. + WASHINGTON, D.C. + + + +DEAR NATALIE: + +Your letter was received with much pleasure. + + EDITOR. + + + DEAR EDITOR: + + My teacher, Miss Galbraith, takes your paper, and I used to be + looking for it; at last I bought it myself, so I could own it. + + Your paper is very interesting and helpful in Geography. All my + family are interested in THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, + especially my father. + + Will you please tell me if General Maceo is dead or not? We got + so many different stories it is hard to tell which is true. Or + if General Rivera is to be put to death? + + I live in New Haven; it is a beautiful city, full of elm trees, + with parks. Also Yale College, from which Nathan Hale and Samuel + Morse graduated. + + Your Reader, + JOHN C. + NEW HAVEN, CONN. + + P.S.--I am glad that you don't publish prize-fights. It is the + nature of animals, not human beings. + + + +DEAR JOHN: + +There is no longer any doubt that General Maceo was killed. The stories +that he was still alive were probably made up by the Cubans, for fear +their countrymen might lose heart if they knew the truth. + +You will see in this number of your paper that General Rivera is not to be +shot, according to the present reports. EDITOR. + + + DEAR EDITOR: + + I enjoy THE GREAT ROUND WORLD immensely, and look + forward to its coming every week. I like to read about Greece + and Cuba, and if I were Grecian I would gladly join in the war. + I hope Greece will win, for I pity the poor Cretans under the + cruel rule of Turkey. Wishing your paper many years of success, + I am, + + Your friend and reader, + HAROLD R. + NEW YORK, April 8th, 1897 + + +DEAR HAROLD: + +Many thanks for your pretty letter. Write to us again soon. + EDITOR. + + DEAR MR. EDITOR: + + I want to ask you about the _Cometa_. Did the Admiral ever bring + her into the Havana harbor as he boasted that he would, with + flags flying on her? + + Do you think Cuba is going to win? I hope that she will. + + Are the Americans going to help them?--and then I know the + Cubans will win. Yours truly, + + SYDNEY G. + BALTIMORE, April 9th, 1897. + +MY DEAR SYDNEY: + +The Spanish Admiral has never brought the _Cometa_ into Havana harbor. He +was just spinning a sailor's yarn, apparently. + +We hope that Cuba will win her freedom, and it seems very likely that she +will. + +You will see in this number of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD that there +is a chance that the President will try to settle the troubles between +Cuba and Spain. + + EDITOR. + + + DEAR EDITOR: + + Our teacher takes THE GREAT ROUND WORLD and reads + to us whenever the time will permit. The reading makes an + interesting part of the exercises of the day. We are all anxious + to hear about the war between Cuba and Spain, and we hope Cuba + will soon be free. Can you tell us about how many people pass + over Brooklyn Bridge in a day? I think it is wonderful how + buttons and such articles are made out of milk. Do they have + schools in Freeville? I think we should all be grateful for the + interesting news that is printed for us in your paper each week. + + Yours truly, + NELLIE R. + TIFFIN, OHIO, March 24th, 1897. + + + +DEAR NELLIE: + +We are glad that you like THE GREAT ROUND WORLD. Why don't you +try and get it for yourself by becoming one of our agents? You can get +your own paper free of charge for two subscriptions, and it would be very +nice to own it yourself, and be able to read it whenever you wanted to. + +In Freeville the children are taught to work. + +You ask about the number of persons who cross the Brooklyn Bridge daily. +Mr. Martin, the Chief Engineer and Superintendent, has been so kind as to +tell us all about it for you. We publish his note. + + EDITOR. + +One hundred and twenty-five thousand people per day ride across the bridge +in the cars. Twelve thousand walk over on the promenade. Five thousand +vehicles cross the bridge on the roadways.--C.C. MARTIN, Chief Engineer +and Superintendent. + + * * * * * + + A Good Agent + Wanted + In Every Town + for + "The Great Round World" + + * * * * * + + + That Rust + + ON YOUR WHEEL CAN BE + TAKEN OFF IN TWO MINUTES + WITH A RAG AND + SOME + + Great Round + World Polisher + + PRICE + 25 CENTS + + FOR SALE BY ALL DEALERS + + * * * * * + + EXAMINATIONS + + Have you thought of the Relief Maps for examination work? + Are you following from day to day the war in the East? + + Klemm's Relief Practice Maps + + especially adapted to examination work, as they are perfectly free + from all political details. Any examination work may be done on them. + + For following the Eastern Question use Klemm's Roman Empire, and + record each day's events. Small flags attached to pins, and + moved on a map as the armies move, keep the details before you + in a most helpful way, especially when you use the Relief Maps. + + SAMPLE SET, RELIEF MAPS (15), $1.00 + SAMPLE ROMAN EMPIRE, - 10 CENTS + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON, - - 5 West 18th Street, N.Y. + + * * * * * +Which Is Your Favorite + +_BICYCLE_ + +You have your choice of any wheel in the market if you send us one hundred +regular subscriptions to the + +"Great Round World" + +Show the paper to your friends, and you will soon find one hundred people +who will be glad to subscribe. Send the subscriptions in to us as fast as +received, and when the one hundredth, reaches us you can go to ANY dealer +YOU choose, buy ANY wheel YOU choose, and we will pay the bill. + +Six-months' subscriptions will be counted as one-half, three-months' as +one-quarter, + +_SAMPLE COPIES WILL BE FURNISHED AT HALF PRICE. (SEE OTHER OFFERS)_ + +Great Round World +3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 26, May 6, 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + +***** This file should be named 15518.txt or 15518.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/5/1/15518/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. (www.pgdp.net) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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