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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World And What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 1. No. 23, April 15, 1897, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World And What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1. No. 23, April 15, 1897
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor:   Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+
+Release Date: March 24, 2005 [EBook #15457]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team. (www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+_FIVE CENTS._
+
+THE GREAT ROUND WORLD
+
+AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT
+
+    SUBSCRIPTION PRICE.   APRIL 15, 1897    Vol. 1. NO. 23
+    $2.50 PER YEAR
+    [Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second-class matter]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER FOR BOYS AND GIRLS
+
+    WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. PUBLISHER
+
+    NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY
+
+=Copyright, 1897, by WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON.=
+
+       *       *      *       *       *
+
+_We hope that_ ...
+
+=TEACHERS=
+
+will avail themselves of the special trial subscription rate of =$1 a
+year= before the time expires.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GREAT ROUND WORLD,
+
+3 and 5 West 18th Street, . . . . . . New York City.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A great deal is expected of the teachers in our public schools at the
+present day in the way of keeping the pupils conversant with the political
+and scientific questions of the day. While this is as it should be, we
+believe that if parents would look well to the quality of reading-matter
+placed before their children better results would be obtained from the
+teachers' efforts in this line. THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, AND WHAT IS
+GOING ON IN IT, is the name of a newspaper for children, and without
+exception it is the finest one of its kind ever published. It comes in
+magazine form, and is overflowing with interesting subjects written in
+such a bright and yet simple manner that the whole household unwittingly
+becomes interested in it.--_Omer, Mich., Progress, Jan. 8, 1897._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=THE . FIRST . BOUND . VOLUME=
+
+OF
+
+="The Great Round World"=
+
+(Containing Nos. 1 to 15)
+
+IS NOW READY.
+
+    Handsomely bound in strong cloth, with title on side and back.
+    Price, postage paid, $1.25. Subscribers may exchange their
+    numbers by sending them to us (express paid) with 35 cents to
+    cover cost of binding, and 10 cents for return carriage. Address
+
+=_3 sad 5 West 18th Street,- - - -New York City._=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TWO EASY WAYS
+
+TO GET
+
+"The Great Round World."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=SEND IN YOUR SCHOOL-BOOKS--THE ONES YOU ARE NO LONGER USING.= A
+great many boys and girls cannot buy new books, and are very glad to get
+the used copies at a lower price. A list of prices that will be allowed is
+given in Number 4 of GREAT ROUND WORLD.
+
+=GET TWO OTHER SUBSCRIBERS.= We will send free, for one year,
+THE GREAT ROUND WORLD to any boy or girl who will send in two
+other subscriptions, with the amount ($5.00).
+
+=Subscription Price, per Year, $2.50.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    AS A
+    =SPECIAL INDUCEMENT=
+
+    for our subscribers to interest others in "The Great Round
+    World," we will give to each subscriber who sends us $2.50 to
+    pay for a year's subscription to a new name, a copy of
+
+    =Rand, McNally & Co.=
+      =1897 Atlas of the World.=
+
+    =160 pages of colored maps from new plates, size 11 1/2 x 14
+    inches, printed on special paper with marginal index, and well
+    worth its regular price - - - - $2.50.=
+
+
+Every one has some sort of an atlas, doubtless, but an old atlas is no
+better than an old directory; countries do not move away, as do people,
+but they do change and our knowledge of them increases, and this atlas,
+made in 1897 from =new= plates, is perfect and up to date and covers every
+point on
+
+    =The Great Round World.=
+
+Those not subscribers should secure the subscription of a friend and remit
+$5 to cover it and their own. A copy of the atlas will be sent to either
+address.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GREAT ROUND WORLD,
+
+_3 and 5 West 18th Street, . . . . . . . .New York City._
+
+
+
+[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD
+And WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.]
+
+    VOL. 1   APRIL 15, 1897.   NO. 23
+
+
+It is said that the unfortunate Princess Charlotte of Belgium is to be
+taken over to Mexico, in the hope that a visit to the scenes of her former
+happiness may restore her reason.
+
+Her story brings back to memory a very sad and interesting page of our
+modern history.
+
+Princess Charlotte, the daughter of Leopold I., King of the Belgians, was
+the most accomplished and beautiful princess of her time. She was the only
+daughter of the king. While she was still quite young he found she had a
+great talent for statecraft, and so he had her admitted to all the
+councils of state, and from her earliest childhood she was familiar with
+the ways and arts of diplomacy.
+
+A brilliant future was expected for her, but when she was seventeen she
+married, for love, the young Archduke Maximilian, brother of the Emperor
+of Austria.
+
+There was no expectation that Maximilian would ever come to a throne, and
+so it seemed as if the young princess' talents were to be thrown away when
+she settled down with her husband, and became the happiest young wife in
+Europe.
+
+For seven years these two young folks were a model happy couple; then, one
+fatal day, Napoleon III. of France offered Maximilian the crown of Mexico.
+
+Europe thought that Mexico needed a wise and clever ruler to straighten
+out the tangle into which its affairs had fallen, and it was supposed that
+Maximilian, backed by his beautiful and clever wife, would be just the man
+for the post. As Mexican affairs were in a very turbulent state, Napoleon
+promised Maximilian that he would keep a number of French troops in the
+country, and support him with an armed force, until the people of Mexico
+had learned to love and trust him, and he could rule them without danger.
+
+Under these conditions Maximilian accepted, and the young couple became
+Emperor and Empress of Mexico, and, setting forth to their new land, bade
+farewell to Europe and happiness.
+
+At that time Mexico was in the most terrible condition, as you will
+understand when you learn that within a period of forty-seven years there
+were three hundred revolutions, some successful, some the reverse. During
+this time the government was changed ten times, and over fifty persons
+succeeded each other as presidents, dictators, and emperors.
+
+The throne of such an uneasy kingdom as this was by no means a pleasant
+one to occupy.
+
+During these frequent revolutions it is easy to understand that many
+treaties were broken, and much property was seized.
+
+The foreign residents in particular found Mexico a dangerous country to
+live in, and within a few years Spain, England, and France were making
+heavy claims against the country for damage done to their citizens.
+
+The claims of England and Spain were satisfied, and they withdrew the
+troops they had sent to Mexico to enforce their demands.
+
+France, however, could get no satisfaction, and so she remained, and
+carried on war against the Mexicans until she succeeded in getting a
+little the best of them.
+
+It was at this moment that Louis Napoleon made up his mind that an Emperor
+was what Mexico needed, and sent out the unfortunate Archduke Maximilian
+to rule a wild, boisterous, and only half-conquered people.
+
+The Mexicans, ever pleased with a change, welcomed the Emperor very
+kindly; the beauty and charity of the Empress made many friends for her,
+and for a time all went well.
+
+With the aid of the French troops, Maximilian completed the conquest of
+the rebellious Mexicans, and was at the height of his popularity, when, in
+an evil moment, he made a proclamation that all the rebels who had fought
+against the government should be regarded as bandits, and punished as
+such.
+
+The people were furious at this. These bandits were many of them of their
+own families and friends, and revolutions were so common in the country,
+that they could not see why these men should be hanged and shot by a
+foreign prince, whom they had never invited to come and govern them.
+
+From that moment they began to conspire against him, and his position was
+becoming very unsafe, when Napoleon ordered his French soldiers to return
+from Mexico.
+
+Maximilian would not allow this; he reminded Napoleon that he had only
+accepted the throne on the condition that the French soldiers were left to
+protect him; but Napoleon III. paid no attention to his protest, nor to
+the assurance that he would not be safe if the French soldiers were
+withdrawn.
+
+The orders to return to France were repeated.
+
+Both Maximilian and Charlotte were fearful of the result of this rash act;
+and as the Empress had been very successful in managing several difficult
+affairs in the government of Mexico, it was thought best that she should
+go to Napoleon and explain things to him, and get the order for the
+soldiers to remain in Mexico.
+
+She started on her long voyage, hopeful of success; but when she reached
+France, Napoleon managed to avoid seeing her for months, and when at last
+she was admitted to his presence, she found him cold, hard, and determined
+to follow out his own plans.
+
+The French soldiers should leave Mexico at all cost.
+
+The poor young Empress had lived long enough in Mexico to fear the worst
+for her husband if he were left to the tender mercies of the Mexicans.
+Heartbroken at Napoleon's refusal, she determined to seek the Pope, and
+see if he would not help her.
+
+The Pope received her with the greatest kindness, but soon convinced her
+that, no matter how good his will, he had no power to aid her.
+
+When Charlotte realized this, and that her long journey had been of no
+use, and that she had only separated herself from her beloved husband in
+his hour of need, her mind gave way, and she became insane.
+
+Poor Maximilian, waiting anxiously for news of her success, received word
+that his troubles had driven his wife insane, and from that moment he
+cared little what became of him or of Mexico.
+
+A few months after Napoleon had so treacherously withdrawn his troops, the
+people once more rose against their ruler.
+
+The Emperor led his army of loyal Mexicans against the rebels, but after a
+few weeks was defeated, taken prisoner, and condemned to be shot.
+
+So ended the career of these two unfortunate young people.
+
+It is thought that the Empress to this hour does not know the fate that
+befell her husband.
+
+The whole sad tragedy happened thirty years ago, and in all that time she
+has never had a glimmering of reason. She is gentle, kindly, and
+interested in the simple country life of the estate on which she lives.
+Her madness has never taken a violent form, and it is said that she lives
+in constant expectation of her husband's return.
+
+Of late her mind has become slightly clearer, and her doctors have decided
+that it is possible that her reason may be restored if she once more
+visits Mexico.
+
+This decision seems hardly a kindly one. If it be true that the poor
+Empress, who is now a woman of fifty-seven, does not know the full force
+of the sorrows that fell upon her, it would seem kinder to leave her in
+ignorance of them, than to restore her reason, and allow her to suffer for
+griefs that are now thirty years old.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Europe has again been shocked by the news of Christian Powers firing on
+the Greeks, and endeavoring to prevent them from freeing themselves from
+the rule of the hated heathen Turk.
+
+The feeling in England is very strong on this point. So much so that the
+old statesman, Mr. Gladstone, who is to England what Bismarck has been to
+Germany, has published a very fine letter on the subject.
+
+In the strongest kind of language, Mr. Gladstone calls the Powers to
+account for the action they are taking. He declares that they are
+listening to the advice of two ambitious young rulers, the Emperor of
+Germany and the Czar of Russia, and allowing themselves to be guided by
+the desires of these young men, instead of listening to the voice of the
+people, which is decidedly against their actions.
+
+He speaks in no friendly terms of Turkey, her massacres and her misrule,
+and says that Greece has done a great service for the world in helping
+Crete to throw off the yoke of such a sovereign as the Sultan.
+
+He hopes that the people of Europe may be allowed to say what they think
+in the matter, and feels confident that Greece will then no longer be
+interfered with. He thinks the only true way to settle the difficulty, is
+to let the Cretans have their own government under the rule of Greece, and
+pay tribute to Turkey.
+
+Every one is wondering whether these bold words of Mr. Gladstone will have
+an effect on the situation.
+
+The so-called Concert of the Powers does not seem to exist any longer. The
+six powers are divided among themselves. Great Britain and Italy hold
+together in not wanting harsh measures used with Greece; Germany and
+Russia think force ought to be used, and France and Austria are
+undecided.
+
+Some of the foreign papers are saying that it is quite impossible for the
+Powers ever to come to an understanding.
+
+Some people are thinking that Mr. Gladstone's letter has already had an
+effect, for a private telegram from Paris states that the Sultan of Turkey
+has sent word to the Powers that he is willing to let King George of
+Greece occupy the island of Crete, and govern it, provided that he pays
+tribute for it.
+
+This is so exactly Mr. Gladstone's suggestion, that, if the report is
+true, the Sultan would seem to have been influenced by him.
+
+Mr. Gladstone in his letter showed clearly how such an arrangement would
+be of benefit to all concerned, and spoke of the island of Cyprus as an
+example. Cyprus was once under the rule of Turkey, but is now governed by
+the Queen of England, and pays a tribute to Turkey.
+
+It is to be hoped that this telegram is true, but we must remember that it
+is only _news_, and not _history_, and therefore we must be quite prepared
+to have it contradicted next week.
+
+The blockade of Crete is now complete. No ships are allowed to enter the
+ports that bring supplies to the Cretans or Greeks.
+
+But the Greeks are not submitting tamely to the blockade.
+
+There are two forts that guard the entrance to Canea, and both of them are
+being vigorously besieged by the insurgents, with the intention of
+establishing a blockade of Canea on the landward side, and so keeping the
+troops of the Powers enclosed where they can do little harm.
+
+A late despatch from Crete says that the Cretans have forced the Turks to
+flee from Malaxa, and have killed the garrison.
+
+During the fight over Malaxa, the Turkish warships in the Bay of Suda
+opened fire on the Cretans, with the hope of dislodging them from the
+heights around Malaxa. The Powers have had the grace to be very much
+disturbed at this, and have sent word to the admirals in command of the
+fleets at Crete, that they may use their own best judgment about ordering
+the Turkish warships to leave Crete.
+
+[Illustration: The Turkish Bastion in Canea with the flags of the six
+Powers flying.]
+
+The admirals decided that the forts of Malaxa and Keratide must be kept
+out of the hands of the Cretans, and so they sent word to the insurgents
+that the Powers forbade them to attack either fort.
+
+The Cretans did not take the slightest notice of this order, but
+continued the attack, and drove the Turks out. The allied warships in the
+Bay of Suda at once opened fire on the Cretans, who withstood the fire
+bravely.
+
+The result of the whole matter has been that, though the insurgents gained
+a decided victory over the Turks, the foreign Powers have stepped in
+between them and their prize, and are occupying the town of Malaxa.
+
+The Cretans must heartily wish that the Powers would go away and mind
+their own business, and leave them to settle their own affairs.
+
+If it were not so sad and so serious, it would be amusing to watch the
+double game that Turkey is playing with the Powers, and how she is
+laughing in her sleeve at the whole of Europe.
+
+After months of conferences, and diplomatic fussing over plans of mighty
+reforms which the Sultan was to make for the unfortunate Armenians, the
+"unspeakable Turk" has not made one single effort to improve the condition
+of these unhappy people. He has waited until the Powers of Europe have so
+tangled themselves up over him, that he finds them befriending him, and
+firing on brother Christians for his sweet sake, while he is still at
+liberty to have a few more Armenians massacred without the fear of any
+consequences.
+
+News has just come that there has been another slaughter of Armenians,
+seven hundred of these unfortunate people having fallen victims to the
+Turks. If the Powers have any conscience left, this news must have made
+them thoroughly ashamed of their ridiculous position.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The week's news from Cuba is still of the same hopeful character for the
+Cubans.
+
+It is stated on the best authority that the Cubans are in absolute
+possession of the eastern end of the island, the whole province of
+Santiago de Cuba being in the hands of the insurgents.
+
+[Illustration: Gen. Maximo Gomez]
+
+It is stated that this province is really _Cuba Libre_, or "Free Cuba."
+The government is being carried on there, and the peasants are able to sow
+their fields and gather their crops in peace and safety.
+
+The Cubans assert that if we would only recognize that they were engaged
+in a real war, and give them the right to fit out a navy for themselves,
+the war would be over in a very short time. They have now no fear but that
+they will gain their liberty; they say, however, that with the Spanish
+navy guarding the coast, and preventing the landing of help and supplies,
+the war will last a good deal longer than it ought.
+
+The Spaniards are very uneasy, and Havana is greatly alarmed over the last
+expedition of General Weyler. The Spanish general has determined to force
+a battle on General Gomez, and to make one great effort to subdue him.
+
+It is reported that General Gomez is in Santa Clara, and Weyler has gone
+thither with all the troops he can mass together to meet him.
+
+[Illustration: The Filibuster Bermuda near the Cuban coast]
+
+All Cuba has, however, learned by this time that the whereabouts of Gomez
+and his army are never to be relied on. The Spaniards go out to fight them
+in a certain place, and when they reach the spot where they expect the
+enemy to be, they find that the Cubans have made a forced march and
+escaped them, and are making war in quite a fresh section of the country.
+The Cubans have accomplished some of the most wonderful marches in the
+history of war, and have won many of their advantages by stealing past the
+enemy that was advancing to fight them, and capturing towns and stores
+left unprotected in the enemy's rear.
+
+It is therefore not to be wondered at that there is a report in Havana
+that Gomez has slipped past Weyler, and is advancing upon the city to
+capture it.
+
+If Gomez feels himself strong enough to fight a real battle with Weyler,
+it may perhaps be the decisive battle of the war.
+
+All the Cuban generals have had good luck lately, but the most successful
+and brilliant work has been done by General Calixto Garcia in Santiago.
+
+Lest you should feel confused when hearing of so many generals, and so
+many provinces, it is perhaps as well to explain something about the
+formation of the island of Cuba.
+
+It is a narrow, mountainous strip of land, 760 miles long and in some
+parts only 28 miles wide, the very broadest part being 127 miles.[A]
+
+You can readily see that no one general could control the whole of such a
+country.
+
+The Cuban army has been divided into three parts:
+
+The Eastern Division, under General Calixto Garcia, which is fighting in
+and has brought peace to Santiago de Cuba, the most eastern part of the
+island.
+
+The Central Division, under the leadership of General Maximo Gomez,
+against which Weyler has set out, and which is supposed to be in Santa
+Clara.
+
+The Western division, consisting of the bands that have been raiding the
+suburbs of Havana, and making so much trouble in Pinar del Rio, the most
+westerly province of the island.
+
+The brilliant feat that General Garcia has accomplished is that he has
+made a force of nearly three thousand Spanish soldiers come out to meet
+him, and after pretending to fall back before them until he had lured them
+to a certain place, he has turned upon them, and chased them into the
+mountains, until he has finally forced them into the Algones Valley.
+
+In this valley they are completely cut off from their friends, and he has
+them at his mercy. News is hourly expected that the entire Spanish force
+has either surrendered or been killed.
+
+If this is true, it will be a very severe blow to Spain.
+
+Reliable news has come that another part of Gomez's force has captured the
+town of Holguin, an important town in Santiago de Cuba, and one of the few
+strong-holds the Spanish still held in that province. It is said that
+quantities of stores and ammunition fell into the Cubans' hands.
+
+A telegram from Havana says that Fondeviella, now a lieutenant-colonel,
+has been made Chief of Police in Havana. The Spaniards must certainly
+approve of this horrible man's conduct, and Havana is likely to feel still
+more uneasy with such a person in power. A later telegram reports the
+capture of General Ruis Rivera, who was in command of the Western
+Division. If this is true it will be a sad check to the Cuban successes.
+
+[Footnote A: A very good map of Cuba may be purchased on news-stands for
+10 cents.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Reports have come that the dynamite-gun, of which the Cubans were so
+proud, has proved a failure.
+
+The various nations, all over the world, are watching the trial of this
+gun with the greatest interest. It can be so easily handled, can be
+carried by ten men, and put together and made ready for firing two minutes
+after it is unloaded, that other nations are anxious to see if it is
+really the valuable weapon it is claimed to be.
+
+Besides the advantages of being light and easy to handle, it can be fired
+without noise or smoke, and therefore its whereabouts are not easily
+discovered by an enemy; and moreover, if it has to be abandoned in a
+retreat, it can be disabled with one sharp blow of a stone, so that it can
+never be turned on its fleeing owners by a victorious enemy.
+
+If the report about it is true, it has one fault, that is so serious that
+it outweighs all the virtues. This fault is that the dynamite-gun has a
+habit of going off at both ends; that is to say, it is liable to explode
+both at the breech and the muzzle. It may therefore be quite as
+destructive to the army firing it, as to the enemy at which it is fired.
+
+Of course this will render the gun very unpopular, if it is true; but
+people who understand the weapon declare that the fault lies, not in the
+gun, but with the climate of the West Indies.
+
+The three tubes of this gun (which we described fully in Number 6 of
+THE GREAT ROUND WORLD) are fastened together at the breech with a
+clasp which holds the whole mechanism of the gun in place.
+
+The climate of the West Indies is so moist that metal rusts in an
+amazingly short space of time, and it is difficult to keep anything bright
+and polished.
+
+It is supposed by those who understand the gun that, having been
+constantly exposed to the moist air, it has rusted, and that the important
+clasp has become so rusty that it can no longer be pushed fully home, and
+so the gun is not secure.
+
+In their opinion the failure of the dynamite-gun has not been proved; it
+may be necessary to make some alterations to fit it for service in swampy
+countries, but that as a weapon it is still a success.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Terrible floods are reported from the Mississippi Valley. A section of the
+country equal in size to the whole State of Missouri is now under water,
+and steamboats are hurrying over what were once farm lands, rescuing the
+unfortunate families who have been caught by the floods.
+
+The Mississippi, the largest river on our continent, flows through what is
+known as the Gulf Coast Plain.
+
+The Gulf Coast Plain is formed by the valley lying between the great
+mountain ranges which make the framework of our country.
+
+The Mississippi with its tributaries drains the whole of the enormous
+tract of land lying between these three main mountain ranges.
+
+This great river forms the highway for the interior of our country, and
+winds through the plain for about a thousand miles. Every year when the
+heavy spring rains fall, and the snows melt in the north, the river
+overflows its bed, and floods the lowlands around it.
+
+To keep the river within its bounds, mounds of earth, called levees, have
+been built for hundreds of miles along the banks. The Mississippi floods
+are only dangerous when the thaws are very sudden, or the rains so heavy
+that the river swells in size to such an extent that the levees are broken
+down, and the water, bursting its bounds, rushes with an angry flood over
+the surrounding country, destroying everything in its path.
+
+As a usual thing the spring floods are beneficial to the country, for the
+Mississippi is a very muddy river, and when it overflows it spreads this
+mud over the country, in much the same fashion that the Nile does, and
+with the same result of fertilizing and enriching the soil.
+
+All swift waters wash away some portion of their bed in their flow, and
+carry it along with them in their journey to the sea.
+
+The Mississippi in its thousand-mile course carries a vast amount of this
+stolen earth, so much indeed that every year it deposits in the Gulf of
+Mexico an amount of mud which would make a pile one mile square and 268
+feet high.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+This enormous yearly deposit is literally filling up the Gulf, and in the
+ages to come dry land and a new country will be found where the waters of
+the Gulf now lie.
+
+Every year the Mississippi brings down enough earth with it to help it
+move its mouth 338 feet farther out into the sea, and every year it builds
+on to its delta, which now contains thousands of square miles!
+
+You can understand that the angry flood of such a powerful river as this
+must be a very serious matter. For a distance of nearly twenty miles in
+Arkansas, levees have given way, and thousands of acres of land have been
+flooded; the waters sweeping away the homes, drowning the cattle, and
+compelling the people to seek the points above the angry waters, and wait
+in the hope of relief-boats coming to save them.
+
+In other parts of the country through which the river flows, special
+trains loaded with sacks are being run to points near the river banks. The
+sacks are filled with earth, and thrown upon the levees to strengthen
+them. The men of that country are working night and day to shore up the
+levees until the floods subside.
+
+This is the worst flood that has been known for many years, and people
+along the banks of the Mississippi have been ruined through the damage
+done by the waters.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+March 22d was celebrated throughout Germany as a national holiday, for it
+was on this day one hundred years ago that Emperor William I. was born.
+
+The old Emperor was the man who, with the help of Bismarck, united all the
+various States and Principalities of Germany under one rule, and raised
+Germany from the dust into which Napoleon had thrown her, to the glorious
+position she holds to-day.
+
+The day was celebrated in Berlin by the unveiling of a magnificent
+monument to the old Emperor.
+
+The statue of William I. shows him seated on horseback, with winged
+figures representing Victory standing on the pedestal beneath him, and the
+Goddess of Peace holding the bridle of his horse.
+
+On the base of the pedestal is carved:
+
+   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
+   .         WILLIAM THE GREAT,          .
+   .                                     .
+   .  German Emperor--King of Prussia,   .
+   .                                     .
+   .            1861-1888.               .
+   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
+
+And on the back:
+
+   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
+   .  With gratitude and faithful love,  .
+   .                                     .
+   .          The German People.         .
+   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
+
+The Emperor unveiled the monument in the presence of a great number of
+German Princes and nobles, all of whom laid wreaths at the foot of the
+monument.
+
+In consequence of the recent troubles over his "revelations," Prince
+Bismarck was not invited to take part in the ceremonies. Many people
+thought the young Emperor should have invited him in spite of everything;
+but the people of Germany did not forget the man who had done so much for
+them, and throughout the entire day telegrams and messages were showered
+upon the old Iron Chancellor, by those who appreciated all he had done for
+their country.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The New York Zoological Society has been presented with a tract of land
+containing 261 acres, for the making of a Zoological Garden, which it is
+intended shall be the finest in the world. The land presented to the
+Society is in Bronx Park.
+
+The Zoo is to be finished within three years, and to be free to the public
+at least four days of the week, including Sundays and all half holidays;
+it is to be open not less than seven hours every day.
+
+Work is to be begun this spring, and the Vice-President of the Society
+promises to have a part of the garden ready to open to the public next
+spring.
+
+The Society agrees to prepare the park grounds, and erect such buildings
+as are necessary to house the animals, and the City agrees to take care of
+the animals and grounds after they are ready.
+
+This great work is being done by some public-spirited citizens, and when
+we get our Zoo we shall have to thank these good people for it.
+
+The Botanical Garden, which is in course of preparation, will also be in
+Bronx Park, and many of the same people who are working to get a
+Zoological Garden for us have also helped to provide New York with its
+Botanical Garden.
+
+One lady, Mrs. Esther Hermann, gave ten thousand dollars for the Botanical
+Garden--which, according to the latest report, will be opened this summer.
+
+                                         GENIE H. ROSENFELD.
+
+
+
+
+ROUGHING IT IN A GOLD MINE.
+
+
+DEAR EDITOR:
+
+I am not a subscriber to your interesting little paper, THE GREAT
+ROUND WORLD, but my teacher Miss Margaret Gannon subscribed for this
+paper and she reads it to us, that is, to the class, when it comes. I was
+very much interested in the letter "Little Friend" wrote to you. She must
+be a very kind-hearted little girl. It may be interesting to some of your
+readers to hear how I went to a gold mine and got out some gold. As I was
+going to "rough it" I only took my rifle, mackintosh, and boots, and a
+small valise with my other necessary articles. I got on the train, and it
+took two hours for me to get to the little station at Cedar Falls, N.C.
+The mine was two miles from the village. I reached there at five o'clock.
+The little shanty where we lived while we were there was about twelve feet
+long by eight feet wide.
+
+The bunks were folded up during the day and unfolded at night.
+
+After hanging up my gun and putting my valise in the corner, I went to the
+shaft or hole from which the gold ore is taken. After the two men went
+down the shaft, the men at the top hauled up the bucket, and they put in
+the tools, which were eight sharp drills, an eight-pound sledge-hammer,
+and a scraper about three feet long. I got in among the tools, and down I
+went. It was warm above, but on the way down the shaft, which was thirty
+feet deep, it became cooler and damper. I stood on one side with a small
+pick to cut out nuggets, while the men drilled a hole about two inches in
+diameter and one foot deep, which they afterward filled with dynamite.
+After sending the tools up, the other man and I went up, while the man we
+left in the shaft lit the fuse. We all pulled at the windlass, and he was
+soon at the top. After taking off the bucket we ran up the hill about a
+hundred yards to watch the result.
+
+With an awful explosion and a tremendous shower of rocks the dynamite blew
+a big hole in the side of the shaft. After driving out the smoke by
+dropping large cedar bushes in the shaft, we went down again.
+
+We filled the bucket with rocks, which were drawn up. We soon emptied the
+shaft in this way. Then we went to the top and assorted the ore. I filled
+a large box with the richest rocks I could find, and they were shipped the
+next day.
+
+Besides blasting for the ore, I panned a little, that is, I had a shallow
+pan with a little of the dust from the shaft and some water. I washed the
+dust until I had very little dust left; then I took a quill toothpick and
+picked the small nuggets from the pan and put them into a small gold vial
+full of water.
+
+After staying at the mine four days, I went home, having had a fine time
+"roughing it" in a gold mine.
+
+Please send me full particulars of the "Who? When? What? Chart" as soon as
+you possibly can, and also tell me whether you will send me one of those
+books which you want criticised. I am eleven years old. I like to read
+very much--history, travel, and adventure being my favorites. The books I
+like specially are Oliver Optic's works for travels, and G.A. Henty's
+works for historical facts and thrilling adventures. I like other books
+also.
+
+Hoping that I do not inconvenience you, I am respectfully,
+
+                                             JULES W.L., Jr.
+    GREENSBORO, N.C., March 25, 1897.
+
+
+
+
+EXHIBITION OF CHILDREN'S WORK.
+
+
+There has been a very interesting exhibition, in New York, of sewing done
+by the children in the public schools.
+
+France, England, Germany, Switzerland, Russia, China, and Japan have all
+sent exhibits of their work, and so it has been possible to see what kind
+of sewing is being done all over the world.
+
+It is very much to the credit of America that the home work far outshines
+that of any of the foreign countries.
+
+This exhibition was not one of fancy work or embroideries, though every
+country sent some specimens of the special work for which it is
+celebrated. The work shown was plain sewing, the cutting and making of new
+garments, and the mending of old ones.
+
+The first principles of sewing were shown on neat little squares of
+cloth--running, hemming, stitching, gathering, and buttonhole-making. Then
+there were garments in which all these first steps were applied.
+
+While every country has sent specimens of clothing made by its children,
+and each exhibits its own system of teaching sewing, none of these systems
+seem so complete nor the finished garments so perfect as those of our own
+country.
+
+In foreign countries no particular attention seems to be paid to the
+cutting, shaping, and ornamenting of garments. The little underclothes
+from Switzerland and Germany, especially, were made of such coarse cloth,
+of such a hideous pattern, and so utterly without ornament, that it is not
+pleasant to think there are really people in the world contented to wear
+such unsightly clothes.
+
+In the American exhibit, every garment, for rich child or poor child, had
+its little frill of lace, or its row of feather-stitching, which gave it a
+finish that was very pretty.
+
+The daintiest set of garments came from the Industrial School for Colored
+and Indian Children, in Hampton, Va.
+
+The most complete exhibit, which included plain sewing, dress-making,
+hat-trimming, and fancy work of all kinds, was sent by the Pratt
+Institute, in Brooklyn. The useful sewing from that school was above the
+standard of excellence, and the art work fully equal to that of the New
+York School of Applied Design.
+
+A very interesting part of the exhibit of every American school was the
+darning and patching. We hear a good deal about people not learning to sew
+properly nowadays, since the sewing-machine has come into such common use,
+but the patches and darns shown by the twelve-year-old pupils of our
+public schools would put the far-famed patching of our grandmothers to
+shame.
+
+There were square patches, with the patterns matched so exquisitely that
+you had to feel the edge before you could realize that the patch was
+there; three-cornered "jags" darned so perfectly with their own threads
+that they were invisible, and every kind of rent and tear and hole was
+treated in its own particular way.
+
+The Japanese sent a number of beautiful designs for embroidery, and a case
+full of queer little Japanese garments, but unfortunately they, too, were
+made of coarse materials, and looked ugly and uninteresting.
+
+Russia sent Russian lace, and a number of photographs of school children
+learning to sew. They also sent some lovely Russian embroidery, but no
+plain sewing.
+
+Mexico had a case full of wonderful drawn work; France some wonderful
+designs for dresses, and some beautifully finished dress-waists, but the
+little under-garments were as coarse as those of Switzerland. This was a
+disappointment, because we always suppose that France sets the fashion for
+daintiness.
+
+Two very interesting pieces of work had been loaned for the occasion: one,
+a sofa cushion worked by Martha Washington; and the other a map of England
+and Wales, done in Berlin wools by George Washington's aunt.
+
+The map was beautifully worked, and was a marvel of neatness, with the
+counties all outlined in different colors, and their names worked in with
+very fine stitches.
+
+Of Martha Washington's handiwork it is hard to speak. It was the ugliest
+sofa cushion you can imagine, worked in browns so that it should not show
+the dirt, and with such irregular stitches that either Madam Washington
+must have been losing her sight when she worked it, or else she was a very
+poor needle-woman.
+
+The American exhibit had one wonderful case of work done by the blind. It
+consisted of patches with specimens of sewing and running on them, a great
+many very fairly done buttonholes, and several little dolls' aprons very
+neatly hemmed, and gathered with fine, even gathers.
+
+It seemed impossible to believe that the hands that did this work had no
+eyes to guide them. The buttonholes were so well made that they looked
+like the work of some careful, clever young children.
+
+What a wonderful age we live in! Fancy bringing the art of teaching to
+such perfection that the blind can be taught to sew! Our young folks ought
+to be very thankful that they are growing up at a time when teachers
+endeavor to make learning a pleasure as well as a profit. G.H.R.
+
+
+
+
+BOOK REVIEWS.
+
+
+We publish the following letter about the "Carved Cartoon":
+
+This book deserves every word of praise given to it by our correspondent.
+It is one of the most delightful stories written. It treats of the
+adventures of Grinling Gibson, the famous carver in wood, who carved
+flowers so delicately that they could absolutely move on their stems.
+                                           EDITOR.
+
+    _To the Editor:_
+
+    DEAR SIR.--Every year the cry for books increases.
+    "Tell us what to read," is the constantly repeated demand, and
+    parents, teachers, and publishers are often at a loss to keep
+    the active brains of our young people supplied with sound,
+    wholesome, and interesting literature.
+
+    Science, art, history, and zoology are presented to the little
+    ones in varied and attractive forms, and now THE GREAT ROUND
+    WORLD has come forward to fill a long-felt want by giving
+    the boys and girls clean, healthy, and concise accounts of what
+    is taking place in their own and other countries.
+
+    It has always seemed strange to me that so few parents place in
+    their children's hands that beautiful story entitled the "Carved
+    Cartoon." It is a book of breathless interest, containing the
+    adventures of a young artist and a boy musician during the great
+    London plague and fire.
+
+    The story is founded on fact, and the author's pen holds the
+    reader entranced as it vividly pictures the stirring scenes of
+    those thrilling years.
+
+    The noble character and brilliant talents of the young hero
+    shine star-like through the surrounding darkness of greed,
+    avarice, and poverty.
+
+    Trusting that no boy or girl will let an opportunity to read
+    this fascinating book slip by, I am very cordially your
+    interested reader,
+
+                              ELEANOR MAUD C----.
+
+
+
+
+LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
+
+
+    DEAR MR. EDITOR:
+
+    Would you kindly tell me what books to read? I am eleven years
+    old, and the books I like best are Miss Alcott's "Little Men,"
+    "Jack and Jill," "Eight Cousins," and "Under the Lilacs," and
+    Miss Sydney's "Five Little Peppers," and I like books of that
+    style. I remain,
+
+                             Your devoted reader,
+                                            WALTER L.S.
+
+    P.S.--I read "Jack and Jill" six times.
+
+    NEW YORK, March 20, 1897.
+
+
+"Beautiful Joe: the Autobiography of a Dog," by Marshall Saunders; "Black
+Beauty," by Sewell; "The Wonder-Book" and "Tanglewood Tales," by
+Hawthorne; "Greek Heroes and Greek Fairy Tales," by Kingsley;
+"Jackanapes," by Mrs. Ewing; "Ten Boys Who Lived on the Road from Long
+Ago," by Jane Andrews.
+
+This list has been made for you by two very nice little girls named Clare
+and Eleanor. They have read and liked all the books in the list.
+
+    EDITOR.
+
+
+    DEAR EDITOR:
+
+    I like THE GREAT ROUND WORLD very much, and have just
+    finished reading it. I would like to ask a few questions.
+
+    Do you think that Cuba will ever be free?
+
+    Do you think that the United States will help Cuba?
+
+    I was very much interested reading about the Inauguration.
+
+    I was very sorry about Dr. Ricardo Ruiz being killed in Cuba.
+
+    I was very much interested in the article about wheels.
+
+    I must now stop, and success to your paper.
+
+                               Your affectionate reader,
+                                                 TOM M.A.
+    March 20, 1897.
+
+
+MY DEAR TOM:
+
+Thank you for your nice letter. In answer to your questions: We do think
+that Cuba will be free, and that she will gain her freedom before very
+long. We do not think that this country will help Cuba. It hardly seems
+necessary now that we should help; the Spaniards are losing ground every
+day, and it will probably be best for the United States to wait until the
+brave little island has fought her last battle, and then let Uncle Sam
+come forward and help Cuba to re-establish her commerce.
+
+                                               THE EDITOR.
+
+
+    DEAR EDITOR:
+
+    I enjoy THE GREAT ROUND WORLD very much indeed, and
+    wish the dreadful war with Cuba would stop; but I do not want
+    the Cubans to give up; it is just like the Revolutionary War
+    with us; we did not give up, and I hope Cuba won't.
+
+    I have a little black and tan dog, and call him Jack. He is very
+    cunning indeed, he has a hard rubber ball he plays with. There
+    also is another black and tan dog in the house whose name is
+    Gipsy; she, also, is very cunning.
+
+                        I remain your affectionate reader,
+                                              HELEN A.S.
+    NEW YORK, MARCH 20, 1897.
+
+
+Many thanks, dear Helen, for your letter. We are quite of your opinion,
+and hope most sincerely that Cuba will not give up until she has won her
+freedom.
+
+                                                EDITOR.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE GREAT ROUND WORLD
+
+NATURAL HISTORY
+
+STORIES.
+
+A Series of True Stories
+
+BY
+
+JULIA TRUITT BISHOP.
+
+Attractively Illustrated by Barnes.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+These stories will be issued in parts. Price, 10 cents each. Subscription
+price (12 numbers), $1.00. Part 1. issued as supplement to GREAT ROUND
+WORLD. 19.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    =Author's Preface.=
+
+    The stories published in this little volume have been issued
+    from time to time in the Philadelphia _Times_, and it is at the
+    request of many readers that they now greet the world in more
+    enduring form. They have been written as occasion suggested,
+    during several years; and they commemorate to me many of the
+    friends I have known and loved in the animal world. "Shep" and
+    "Dr. Jim," "Abdallah" and "Brownie," "Little Dryad" and
+    "Peek-a-Boo." I have been fast friends with every one, and have
+    watched them with such loving interest that I knew all their
+    ways and could almost read their thoughts. I send them on to
+    other lovers of dumb animals, hoping that the stories of these
+    friends of mine will carry pleasure to young and old.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON,=
+
+    =3 & 5 West 18th Street.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Do you Cover your Books?
+
+    THE "ONE PIECE"
+    ADJUSTABLE BOOK COVERS
+
+are made of the strongest and best book-cover paper obtainable. This paper
+is made in large quantities especially for these book covers and will
+protect books perfectly. The book covers themselves are a marvel of
+ingenuity, and, although they are in one piece and can be adjusted to fit
+perfectly any sized book without cutting the paper, they are also so
+simple that any boy or girl can use them; as they are already gummed they
+are always ready for use.
+
+A sample dozen will be mailed to any address for 20 cents (or ten two-cent
+stamps) if you write
+
+    WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON
+
+    3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+    A Good Agent
+    Wanted
+    In Every Town
+    for
+    "The Great Round World"
+
+
+
+
+Which Is Your Favorite
+
+_BICYCLE_
+
+You have your choice of any wheel in the market if you send us one hundred
+regular subscriptions to the
+
+"Great Round World"
+
+Show the paper to your friends, and you will soon find one hundred people
+who will be glad to subscribe. Send the subscriptions in to us as fast as
+received, and when the one hundredth, reaches us you can go to ANY dealer
+YOU choose, buy ANY wheel YOU choose, and we will pay the bill.
+
+Six-months' subscriptions will be counted as one-half, three-months' as
+one-quarter,
+
+_SAMPLE COPIES WILL BE FURNISHED AT HALF PRICE. (SEE OTHER OFFERS)_
+
+Great Round World
+3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World And What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 1. No. 23, April 15, 1897, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+***** This file should be named 15457.txt or 15457.zip *****
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