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diff --git a/15451-8.txt b/15451-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9739f5a --- /dev/null +++ b/15451-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1526 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World And What Is Going On +In It, April 1, 1897 Vol. 1. No. 21, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World And What Is Going On In It, April 1, 1897 Vol. 1. No. 21 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop + +Release Date: March 24, 2005 [EBook #15451] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team. (www.pgdp.net) + + + + + + + +_FIVE CENTS._ + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD + +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT + + SUBSCRIPTION PRICE. APRIL 1, 1897 Vol. 1. NO. 21 + $2.50 PER YEAR + [Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second-class matter] + +[Illustration] + + A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER FOR BOYS AND GIRLS + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. PUBLISHER + + NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + +=Copyrighted 1897. By WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON.= + + * * * * * + + + + +=History and Manuals of= +=Vertical Writing= + + By JOHN JACKSON + + * * * * * + + Theory and Practice of Vertical Writing, $1.25 + Teaching of Vertical Writing, .50 + + * * * * * + + +John Jackson, the originator of this system of vertical writing, is the +only teacher who has had the years of practice in teaching it that make +these the standard manuals for teachers and students. The adoption of +vertical writing abroad and in this country is largely due to his +persistent work and the marvellous results of his teaching. His series of +copy-books were the first to be used in this country, and are considered +by experienced teachers, who are not to be misled by mere beauty of +engravers work, to contain the only practical well-graded course of +instruction leading from primary work to the rapid and now justly +celebrated =telegraph hand=--for these books are the only ones containing +copies in this rapid writing. The telegraph hand is the style used by the +best telegraph operators in the country--and these writers are universally +acknowledged to be the most rapid writers, and writers of a hand which of +necessity must be most legible. + + * * * * * + + Copy-Books (10 numbers), 96 cents per dozen + Copy-Pads (8 numbers), 96 cents per dozen + +BOTH SERIES CONTAIN SIMILAR COPIES. + +Sample sets to teachers (post-paid), 75 cents + + + * * * * * + + =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON + 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City= + + + * * * * * + + + + +=FOR SALE= + + + 500 Wentworth's Primary Arithmetics, 10c. each + 250 " Grammar School " 25c. " + 300 Brooks' Elementary " 10c. " + 150 " New Written " 25c. " + 500 Colburn's New Mental " 10c. " + 100 Wheeler's Second Lessons, 25c. " + 200 Harvey's Practical Grammars, _not revised, new_, 10c. " + 200 " Elementary " " " " 10c. " + 200 Kerl's Language Lessons, _new_, 10c. " + 125 Dozen Haile's Drawing Books, _new_, 50c. doz. + 100 " Barnes' " " " 40c. " + 200 " White's, Krone's, etc., _new_ 25c. to 60c, " + 50 Williams' Composition, _not revised, new_, 40c. each + 50 Kellogg's Rhetorics, 276 pages, _new_, 50c. " + 200 Continental Fourth Readers, 25c. " + 200 " Fifth " 25c. " + 100 Lippincott's " " 25c. " + 100 Davis' Fourth Readers 25c. " + + All of the above books are used copies, good condition, except + where marked new. + +French and German Books, Arithmetics, Geographies, and Text-Books of all +kinds at low prices. + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON + 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City + + * * * * * + + + + +=MAPS, CHARTS, &c.= + +BARGAIN LIST. + + =UNITED STATES=-- + 5 large Standard Government Maps, (82x66 in.) mounted on + cloth and common rollers $1.50 each. + + 5 "Bird's Eye View Maps," (72x65 in.) A large _relief map_ + of the United States. Spring rollers 10.00 " + Common rollers 7.50 " + + 7 Government Relief Maps, printed in browns, with actual + heights of land given in accurate figures. An indispensable + map for school work, (size 20x32 in.) mounted on linen, + (unmounted, 75 cents) 1.35 " + + + =MISCELLANEOUS MAPS=-- + 10 Guyot's Physical Maps, _small_, assorted .75 " + Guyot's Large Physical Map, Western Europe 3.00 + 18 Monteith's Wall Maps, assorted 1.25 " + + + =OUTLINE MAPS=--25 sets Outline Maps, (size 24x36 in.) containing + two Hemispheres, North and South America, Europe, + Asia, Africa, Australasia, United States, &c. Subscription + price, $25.00 5.00 " + + + =ASTRONOMICAL CHARTS=--43 Astronomical Charts, giving + Phases of the Moon, Planets, &c. (Size 24x36 in.) 1.00 " + + + =ALPHABET COMMON OBJECTS=--15 Alphabet of Common + Objects, imported, mounted on strong cloth 1.10 " + + + =LONGITUDE CHARTS=--50 Callahan's Longitude and Time + Charts, mounted on cloth .40 " + + + =GEOMETRICAL BLOCKS=--5 sets, slightly damaged, containing + material for demonstration of all Geometrical exercises. + Put up in strong box 3.00 " + + + =HISTORICAL CHARTS=--5 King's Historical Portfolio, published + at $15.00, now sold by subscription for $25.00 3.00 " + + + =METRIC CHARTS=--15 Mounted Metric Charts, contain + Metric System complete .50 " + + * * * * * + + + +=EXTRA DISCOUNTS:= + +Bills of $10.00 or over, 10 per cent. $20.00 or over, _25 per cent_. + + * * * * * + +...SCHOOL BOOKS... + +I offer a great many bargains, in Standard School Books, similar to the +following: + +=Brooks' Elementary Arithmetic=, (published price, 41 cents) =10 cts.= + +=Brooks' New Written Arithmetic=, (published price, 80 cents) =25 cts.= + + * * * * * + +William Beverley Harison, 3 and 5 West 18th St., N.Y. City. + + + + +[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND +WORLD +And WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.] + + VOL. 1 APRIL 1, 1897. NO. 21 + + +Greece is certainly the most daring little kingdom! + +Far from being alarmed by the message sent her from the Powers, she has +replied that it is impossible for her to withdraw her troops from Crete. +She states that her object in sending them there was to restore peace, and +as serious troubles still exist in the island, she cannot comply with the +request of the Powers. + +In the reply, she further states that she cannot consent to Home Rule for +Crete under the direction of Turkey, but is willing to leave it to the +Cretans themselves to decide under the rule of what monarch they wish to +be. + +The Powers are surprised and angry that Greece should dare to disagree +with them; but the reply has been written in such a careful manner that it +is not an open defiance of their wishes. They cannot therefore send the +second note of which we spoke in our last number, but have had to call for +a fresh discussion of the matter. + +The general idea is that the reply of Greece is very clever, and that it +may be the means of preventing a war, because it is so reasonable in its +tone that Europe cannot find in it an excuse for getting angry enough to +declare war. + +The reply of Greece opens a way for further discussion, which may lead to +a settlement. + +There is a good deal of sly diplomacy under this soft answer. + +The great combination which is called the Powers, consists of six nations: +Germany, France, Italy, Russia, Austria, and Great Britain. It is +necessary for these six nations to agree before any action can be taken by +them. As a matter of fact, they are very far from agreeing. Greece, it +seems, is well aware of this, and relies on it to help her get her own way +in the end. + +To begin with, France has sent word that she cannot possibly take part in +any severe measures against Greece, while public opinion remains as it is +in France. She would be glad to act with the Powers, but dares not do so +in the face of the opposition of the French Parliament. + +England would gladly take the same stand. She is, however, unable to do +so, because the rest of the Powers are now suspecting her of having +stirred up the Cretan trouble, and so she has to appear severe to show +that she is in earnest in trying to prevent war between Greece and Turkey. +It is known that she is unwilling to support Turkey against Greece, and +that the Queen is taking an active part in the Greek question, and +restraining her ministers from taking severe measures with Greece. + +On the other hand, it is reported that the German Emperor only joined the +rest of the nations on the understanding that his advice should be +followed. He suggested that the Powers should first blockade the Piræus, +which is the great port of Greece, at the head of which lies the city of +Athens. Having arranged the blockade, the Powers were then to send a final +message to Greece, ordering her to withdraw from Crete, and if she +refused, were to proceed to bombard Athens. + +This gentle advice not being followed, the German Emperor became highly +insulted, threatened to withdraw from the alliance, declared himself no +longer in sympathy with it, and had to be coaxed and flattered till he +grew amiable again. + +Russia is openly in favor of Turkey, and is indignant with Greece for her +warlike attitude, and that she should refuse Home Rule for Crete unless it +is under the guidance of a Greek prince. + +It is quite certain that Greece knew all about these disagreements when +she sent her reply, and was fully aware that her refusal would throw the +Powers into the greatest confusion. + +Little country though she is, Greece has the best of the argument. + +If Europe decides to drive Greece out of Crete, she will have a great deal +of trouble in doing so. Not only has Greece a large force of troops in +Crete who are well provisioned, and able to remain some time without +further supplies, but the whole Christian population of the island is on +the side of Greece and will fight with her. + +If the Powers attack her, and try to drive her out of Crete, she will at +once attack Turkey on the mainland, and with the help of Servia, Bulgaria, +and what are known as the Balkan States (from the Balkan Mountains which +run through them) will try her best to destroy the disreputable Turkish +monarchy in Europe. + +The preparations for war are going steadily on. Greece has summoned all +her army reserves, and ordered them to rejoin their regiments. All the men +are answering willingly to the call. + +The army reserve is that part of the military force of a country which is +not made a portion of the regular standing army. For instance, our States +Militia, or National Guard, is an army reserve. The men belonging to it +can follow other professions, and need not be soldiers all the time; but +they learn how to be soldiers, and can be called on by the government +whenever soldiers are needed. + +Our standing army is very small. We have only about thirty thousand men in +it; but our National Guard, the reserves that would be called out in case +of war, number over ten millions. + +In Greece there is a penalty of $200 for any man belonging to the reserve +who does not answer the call of the country, and, moreover, neither +distance nor citizenship in another country excuses him. If he does not +answer the call, he will be arrested and imprisoned whenever he sets foot +again in Greece. + +The United States Consul-General from Greece has been notified to call for +all the Greeks in this country. They have answered willingly, and are +arranging their affairs so that they may be ready to leave the moment war +is declared. They are endeavoring to charter a ship to take them back. +Over a thousand of the Greeks in this country answered the call the first +day it was made. + +It seems almost sure that war between Turkey and Greece must come, and to +this end Greece is hurrying troops, arms, and provisions to the Turkish +frontier, every available steamship being chartered to aid in the work. + +A number of the warships of Great Britain and the other Powers have +appeared near the Piræus, and it seems likely that some sort of a blockade +may be maintained. + +In Crete itself, fighting is still going on. The allied Powers are making +a very determined effort to subdue the Greeks. + +The Italians have forcibly put the Greek consul out of Canea. They took +him into custody, and put him on board a Greek war-vessel, with a warning +against trying to re-enter Canea. + +The correspondents of the Greek papers have also been ordered to leave the +city, and they, too, will be forced to leave, if they do not go quietly. + +The British went to the town of Selino, which was being besieged by the +Cretans, forced the insurgents to desist, and rescued the Moslems who were +besieged, bringing them away from Selino under a strong escort of British +soldiers. + +The Cretans were so enraged at the rescue, that in spite of the fact that +they had promised the British commander that they would allow the Moslems +in Selino to go free, they gathered at the gates and waited for the +Moslems to come out, dashed through the soldiers who were guarding them, +and tried to wound and rob them. + +A Russian warship made a cruise round the island a few days ago, and +brought back word to the allies at Canea that fighting was going on near +all the coast towns, and that the whole island seemed ablaze with war. + +Colonel Vassos has received orders from the King of Greece that he is to +hold all the positions in the island now occupied by Greek troops, and to +resist all attempts on the part of Turkey or the Powers to dislodge him. + +A report from Crete states that there has been trouble between Germany and +Greece. + +A German vessel, the _Kaiserin Augusta_, ordered a Greek vessel, the +_Hydra_, to come to a standstill, and fired a blank shot at her to make +her obey. The _Hydra_ immediately replied by firing a whole broadside at +the German vessel, and went on her way. + +This report has not been fully verified, so after all it may not be true. + + * * * * * + +Turkey, in the mean while, is following her usual method of saying nothing +at all, simply waiting to see what happens. + +The various Sultans who have been ruling Turkey ever since the affairs of +that country first began to scandalize Europe, have always maintained this +same attitude, in the hope that the Powers which insisted on interfering +in the affairs of Turkey might at last get into a serious quarrel among +themselves, and so be obliged to leave Turkey alone. + +The Turkish troubles have been going on for years and years. The Armenian +massacres, and the misrule in Crete, are only the last two of a long +series of crimes which have made Turkey the horror and the despair of +Europe. + +If the various Powers could only have agreed how to divide up the Turkish +Empire between them, the Sultan would have been expelled from Europe long +ago. But they never have agreed, and so the Sultan of Turkey has kept his +throne. + +The Powers sent a note to Turkey at the same time that the one was +despatched to Greece, telling him that they wished Crete to have Home Rule +under the control of a Turkish prince. + +The Sultan's reply was most amiable; he agreed to the wishes of the Powers +so willingly, that it is said that he is glad to have an opportunity of +ridding himself of Crete, which has long been an annoyance and expense to +his Empire. + +At the same time he, too, is massing troops on the frontier, ready to fly +at the Greeks the moment war is declared. + + * * * * * + +Affairs in Cuba are beginning to look a little brighter for the Cubans, +but very dark and dismal for Spain. + +The last news from Madrid says that a Carlist rising is feared, and that +Spain dares not send any more of her soldiers out of the country to help +in the Cuban war. Her money is also exhausted. The enormous sums that were +raised last year have been spent, and she has no means of raising any +fresh loans. If she can send neither money nor men to further the Cuban +war, it is likely that the Cubans will soon be victorious, for General +Weyler says that he has not enough men to pacify the island; the funds are +so low, that the Spanish soldiers can neither be paid nor fed properly +and are deserting to the Cuban ranks from sheer want. + +The Carlist rising, that is so much feared, concerns the pretensions of a +certain Don Carlos to the throne of Spain. + +From the time of Philip V., in 1713, the succession to the Spanish throne +had been according to the Salic law, from father to son; or to the nearest +male relative. + +The Salic law is a very old law, which provides that no woman can inherit +lands, or occupy the throne. According to this law, if a king dies leaving +several daughters, but no son, the throne passes away from the daughters, +and goes to the nearest male relative, be he nephew, uncle, or cousin. + +In 1829 Ferdinand III. of Spain, having no sons, rendered the Salic law of +no effect in Spain by a decree granting the right of succession to the +daughters and granddaughters of the king. + +When Ferdinand died in 1833, his daughter Isabella Maria II. was declared +queen, and the brother of Ferdinand, who under the old law should have +been king, was passed over. This brother was named Don Carlos. + +Don Carlos refused to recognize his brother's decree, and declared himself +King of Spain. Many of the nobles, who did not like the idea of being +ruled by a woman, flocked to his standard, and war was declared against +the party of the Queen by the people of Don Carlos' party, or Carlists, as +they were called. + +For six years a cruel civil war raged, then Don Carlos was forced to give +in. This first war was from 1833 to 1839. + +In 1860 Don Carlos II., the son of Don Carlos I. (Ferdinand's brother), +declared himself King of Spain, and headed a new Carlist rising, which was +again unsuccessful. + +There have been several unsuccessful uprisings since then. + +From 1873 to 1876 Don Carlos III. headed a rising which bid fair to be +successful. + +Don Carlos III. is the direct descendant of Don Carlos I., and is the +present pretender to the Spanish throne, to which, according to the Salic +law, he is the rightful heir. + +In January, 1876, he was forced to give up the fight, and nothing more has +been heard of him till the present time. + +There have been murmurs of new Carlist risings, but no actual trouble has +been feared. + +Now, with the whole country enraged and dissatisfied at the mismanagement +of the wars both in Cuba and the Philippines, Don Carlos is once more +gathering his followers together. + +He has agents working for his cause in Cuba, as well as in Spain. + +In the Spanish army, there are at the present time a number of officers +who fought for Don Carlos in the last war. + +These men were pardoned by the King of Spain when the Carlist revolt was +subdued, and were allowed to enter the Spanish army. They have always been +looked upon with suspicion, and have not risen to power, or grown rich, +like the other officers. + +They are of course not very well satisfied with the present state of +things, and are very willing to listen to Don Carlos' agents, who promise +them promotion and fortune if they will once more return his standard. + +The rising is planned for an early date. + +While this is enough to harass the government, it is not all. There is +another party in Spain, which it is feared will rise up and fight both the +Carlists and the government. This party is called the Republican party, +and it is thought to be the strongest of the three. + +Both Carlists and Republicans are using the mismanagement of the Cuban war +as a means of turning the people against the government, and indeed the +Spanish people are so disgusted with the waste of money and life, that +they are ready to revolt against their rulers. A change in the government +is almost sure to come, and the Carlists and Republicans are both trying +to become the new power that is to get in when the old is overthrown. + +For these very good reasons the government has told General Weyler that +neither men nor money can be sent to him. + +It seems that what money he has in hand will be used up by May 1st, and +then no one knows what will be done. + +There is a general idea that while Spain will never withdraw her troops +from Cuba, and allow that she is beaten, she will quietly drop the war, +sending no more men or money to help carry it on, and leaving the +Spaniards who are in Cuba to shift for themselves. + +The poverty of the Spanish soldiers is something pitiable. They are sick, +hungry, and only half clothed. The medicines have given out and there is +no money to buy any more, and so the poor fellows have to suffer without +proper medical care. + +Then, too, the smallpox has broken out, the government has no means of +checking it, and it is steadily gaining ground, until the people are dying +like sheep. + +What pay is left for the poor soldier lads, after the officers have got +through stealing it, is paid to them in the paper money Weyler tried to +force on Cuba. (You can read about it in No. 2 of THE GREAT ROUND +WORLD.) This money is utterly worthless; none of the Cuban merchants +will take it, and yet it is given to the poor soldiers, and they are told +to go and buy what they want, Weyler well knowing that they cannot +purchase even postage-stamps with it. + +The disheartened, starving soldiers are falling back before the Cubans, +and victory after victory is reported for the insurgent side. + +Havana has been attacked! The insurgents actually passed through the +suburbs, and reached Havana itself. They ransacked stores, put the whole +population in a panic, but after a fierce fight of two hours were at last +obliged to retire. + +Weyler did his best to keep this news from the people, but, before his +plans were fully made, the Cubans made a fresh attack on another suburb of +the city, endeavoring to seize a large quantity of provisions and arms +that were stored there. + +This time they again loaded themselves with plunder, but failed to get the +rich prize they had gone for. + +A part of the same force which attacked Havana descended on the town of +Guines, also in Havana Province, and about thirty-five miles from the +capital. After a few hours' struggle they succeeded in forcing the +Spanish soldiers to take shelter in a church, and then they ransacked the +town, and took $10,000 in gold from the government safe. + +Bejugad, another important town in the same province, was also attacked by +the Cubans, and with equal success. + +It looks as if one great effort would win for Cuba the freedom for which +she has worked so faithfully. + + * * * * * + +The widow of the Dr. Ruiz who was reported to have been murdered in the +Cuban prison has arrived in this country. + +She has gone to Washington, and has laid her sad story before the +government, and asked for help. + +It seems that Mrs. Ruiz has some evidence which proves that the Spaniards +were ill-using Dr. Ruiz. The evidence came to her in a most curious way. + +As we have mentioned before, the Spaniards do not put either beds or +benches in their prisons. Their captives must either stand, or lie down on +the filthy floors, among dirt and vermin. + +Mrs. Ruiz went to the authorities when her husband was arrested, and asked +permission to send him a bed and some chairs. + +She was refused. But she still persisted. After many prayers and +entreaties, she was finally allowed to send him a chair. + +When it was returned to her after his death, she found scratched in the +varnish under the seat a message from her lost husband. + +In this message were the words, "They are killing me!" + +The poor unhappy woman and her five helpless children have brought this +message from the dead, and hope, with its aid, to convince this government +of the wrongs she has suffered, and make them demand from Spain money to +take care of her helpless family. + +[Illustration: Mrs. Ruiz is received by the President while her children +play on the White House grounds] + + * * * * * + +The election of Mr. McKinley has brought the filibustering parties no +better luck. + +It is said that much greater care is to be taken to prevent any such +parties from leaving our shores. + +The _Texas_ has been ordered to join the _Montgomery_ off Florida, to +watch for filibusters, and the President seems determined to maintain a +strict neutrality. + + * * * * * + +Matters in the Philippines look just about as gloomy as they do in Cuba, +from the Spanish point of view. + +The same story of badly paid and starving soldiers comes from Manila that +we got from Cuba, the same distress from fever and disease. + +The general in command is asking Spain for money and men, just as Weyler +is asking. He says he cannot conquer the rebels without a larger force. + +With great reluctance Spain is sending a small force out, but it is +understood that she can send no more men, and no money. + +The insurgents are gaining ground, and are said to fight with great +steadiness and bravery. + + * * * * * + +The only news from the Transvaal is that England has sent a very +determined message to President Krüger, demanding that he shall give the +English-speaking people in the Transvaal what they are pleased to call +their rights. + +It is said that some of the British ministers feel sure that war with the +Transvaal must come before long, and that they are only too willing to +have it come as quickly as possible. + +The ministers have decided that in the case of war being declared, a force +of twenty thousand men will be quite enough to send out from England to +conquer the country. + +It is understood that President Krüger is kept informed of all that goes +on in England in regard to his country, and is quite undismayed at the +prospect of an invasion by the British. + + * * * * * + +State Senator Lexow has made his report to the Legislature at Albany, as +to the Trusts which he investigated, and the people generally are not +satisfied with it. + +Mr. Lexow declares that Trusts are dangerous things, that they kill +competition, help monopoly, dodge taxes, and make enormous profits. + +Having said this, he declares himself powerless to prevent any of the +evils which he deplores. He thinks an amendment to the Constitution will +be the only real means of remedying the evil, because the Trusts manage +their business so cleverly that they avoid doing anything that breaks the +law so openly that they can be punished, while all the time they are +contriving to disobey and set the laws aside. + +One member of his Committee was, however, of opinion that the Sugar Trust +had not been fairly dealt with. He presented a report of his own, in which +he tried to show that this Trust was of great benefit to the State. + +A member of the Albany Legislature has, however, found out a way to stop +Trusts. + +He has offered a bill making it a crime for a Trust to give any money, +property, or thing of value to help any political campaign, or to attempt +to bribe Congressmen to vote for its bills. The penalty for doing this +will be a very heavy fine and the breaking up of the Trust. + +While we are on the subject of Trusts, we must mention a very interesting +case which came up the other day. + +An action was brought by a workingman against the Knights of Labor, +sometimes called the Labor Trust. + +The workingman, an engineer named Charles Curran, was employed by the +Miller Brewing Company in Rochester. + +He was a clever workman, and had a steady job, and good wages. + +One day the Knights of Labor called on him, told him that he must join +their society, pay the necessary fees, and allow himself to be guided in +future by their rules. + +They told him that, if he refused, they would see that he was discharged, +and make it impossible for him to get further employment. + +Curran did refuse, and the Knights of Labor went to his employers and +demanded that he be dismissed. + +The Brewing Company had an agreement with the Knights of Labor to employ +only members of the association in its works. They dared not refuse the +request for fear of a strike being ordered, so they discharged Curran. + +True to their threat, the Knights of Labor watched Curran, and prevented +him from getting work in the city of Rochester. + +He finally was forced to go to another town, but he soon found that he was +a marked man. Word was sent from one branch of the Knights of Labor to +another to follow Curran, and prevent his getting work. + +From being a prosperous, well-to-do man, he became very poor, and finally +suffered for food. + +Then he went to the courts and asked for help. + +His case has been before different judges for seven years, but at last it +has been decided in his favor. + +The Court of Appeals, the highest court in the State, has decided that it +was not lawful for the brewers of Rochester to make a contract with the +Knights of Labor, agreeing only to employ members of the society in their +works. Further, that it was not lawful for this contract to be used as a +means of depriving a man of the opportunity to earn a living. + +The Court ordered that Curran should be given money for the damage he had +sustained through the loss of his work, that the Knights of Labor should +pay him this money, and should besides pay all the expenses of the trial. + +This Labor Trust has been one of the most dangerous of all the Trusts, +because the members of it have made it a practice to force every workman +to join it, or else treats them as it treated Curran. + +Up to the present time men have been afraid to disobey the orders of the +Knights, but now that this very important case has been settled in favor +of a man who is not a member of the Trust, it is to be hoped that +workingmen will have the courage to seek the aid of the law against the +Labor Union, when it treats them unjustly. + + * * * * * + +President McKinley has chosen the various gentlemen who are to be his +advisers for the next four years, and his Cabinet is now complete. + +On Wednesday, March 5th, the day after his inauguration, President +McKinley sent word to the Senate that he had a message for it, and almost +immediately after word was brought that he had chosen the men whom he +would like to have for his Cabinet officers, and would be glad if the +Senate would confirm his appointments. + +The names of the Cabinet officers are as follows: + +Secretary of State, John Sherman. + +Secretary of the Treasury, Lyman Gage. + +Secretary of War, Gen. Russell A. Alger. + +Attorney-General, Joseph McKenna. + +Postmaster-General, James A. Gary. + +Secretary of the Navy, John D. Long. + +Secretary of the Interior, Cornelius N. Bliss. + +Secretary of Agriculture, James Wilson. + +The Senate confirmed the President's nominations, and the matter of the +Cabinet was settled. + + * * * * * + +A very exciting account of a trip down a lumber flume comes from Pomona, +California. + +It seems that in the lumber regions on the Pacific Coast, flumes are built +for the purpose of carrying the lumber from the camps in the mountains to +the sawmills in the valleys below. + +These flumes are a kind of V-shaped trough, about three feet deep, and are +built on trestles after the manner of the elevated roads. The height of +the flume from the ground ranges from twenty to one hundred and twenty +feet, and they are fifty to sixty-five miles long. + +The logs are floated down on water that is turned into the flume from the +mountain streams. The time taken to make the trip is from two to three +hours. + +A party of three men was invited to go up to a lumber camp and take a +trip down into the valley by one of these flumes. + +All three of them were accustomed to tobogganing, and thinking it would be +only a toboggan slide on a huge scale, they decided to go. + +They spent the night at the lumber camp, and were roused up very early in +the morning, so that they might get down to their business in the valley +betimes. After a hearty breakfast, they wrapped themselves up as warmly as +they could, and prepared for their trip. + +They had left warm weather in the valley, but here in the mountains the +snow lay thick, and it was bitter cold. + +They shivered (not altogether with cold) when they caught sight of the +little boat that was to take them their fifty miles. + +The boat was a very rough-looking thing, nailed together without much +care, and did not look over-strong. + +However, as none of the three was willing to be the first man to give in, +they stepped into the little craft, and gripping the seats firmly, in +obedience to the orders of the lumbermen, were pushed off. + +For the first few minutes their experience was something terrible. They +were going at such a frightful rate of speed that they could hardly catch +breath; they seemed to be falling down the side of the mountain, and every +moment the speed of their fall increased. + +They flew past snowy mountains and ice-bound rivers, and had no time to +see anything. + +Each man remembered all the dreadful stories he had heard about accidents +in flumes, and at every curve and turn expected to be dashed to pieces in +the cañon below. + +So they sped onward, past rocks and cliffs, down, down, down, until they +flew out of the regions of snow and ice over hillsides clothed with +vineyards. Still down, past orchards, the trees in full bloom, down and +still down, until their fear had passed, and they were able to enjoy the +novelty of their position. + +Suddenly a curve in the flume brought them into a wide stretch of water, +and they had reached their journey's end. The little boat, still propelled +by the force it had gathered in its journey down the mountainside, cut its +way through the water, and reached the wharf,--only two hours having been +taken for the trip. + +It must have been a wonderful ride. What a clever and yet simple device +for bringing the lumber down from the mountains with so little trouble and +expense! + + * * * * * + +Some people have been complaining that Mr. Theodore Roosevelt, the +President of the Board of Police, has been giving the men, who want to +join the force, such a severe examination that it is almost impossible for +half of them to answer the hard questions that are asked. + +Mr. Roosevelt declares that it is necessary that policemen should be +intelligent men, and have some slight amount of education. He thinks they +ought to know a little about the history of this country, and of the laws +which they are called to uphold. + +He says the questions were only such as a fairly bright child could answer +with ease, and that the men who cannot answer them have no business on the +force. + +To prove the truth of this, he prints a few of the answers made by the +rejected policemen, and asks the people who complain to read them, and +then let him know whether they would like to have such ignorant men as +guardians of the law. + +One question was: "Name five of the New England States." + +One man wrote: "England, Ireland, Scotland, _Whales_, and Cork"; and +another, "London, Africa, and New England." + +To the question: "On what instrument is the Government of the United +States founded?" one answer was: + +"On paper." + +"Into what three branches is the Government of the United States divided?" +puzzled them sorely. + +"Republicans, Dimulcrats, and Popperlists," seemed the favorite answer. + +"What is the highest department of the United States Courts?" also worried +them badly. + +"The Fire Department," was written by several. + +Others suggested, "Sir Pream's Court." + +"Why July 4th and February 22d were made legal holidays?" was quite beyond +their understanding. + +"The day on which George Washington landed and crossed the Delaware"; + +"The day on which the President takes his seat"; and + +"July _Forth_ was the end of the _warre_," were three of the brilliant +suggestions. + +I think we ought all of us to be very much obliged to Mr. Roosevelt for +preventing such ignorant men as these from being set in authority, and +having the difficult duties of the police to perform. + + GENIE H. ROSENFELD. + + + + + +LETTERS FROM OUR YOUNG FRIENDS. + + + DEAR EDITOR: + + I have been taking THE GREAT ROUND WORLD for two weeks, + and think it fine. + + I thought I would ask you a few questions, as I knew you would + be glad to answer them. Is England in favor of Turkey or Greece? + and will United States ever help Cuba? + + Yours respectfully, + LEONARD O. + SOMERVILLE, MASS. + + + +DEAR LEONARD: + +You have asked us the two questions that are puzzling the wisest heads of +Europe and America. + +Europe wants to know what England will do, and with whom she is siding; +and all America wants to know whether we are going to help Cuba. + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD only claims to tell its readers what has +happened. The Editor does not profess to be a prophet, and able to +foretell events. + +We are glad to answer any questions that we can, but you have given us two +difficult conundrums that we cannot solve. Better luck next time. + + THE EDITOR. + + + + +INVENTION AND DISCOVERY. + + +NEW ROAD TO ELECTRICITY.--A paper was read recently before the +New York Electrical Society on the subject of a new method of producing +electricity. + +[Illustration] + +The discoverer of this process is Mr. Willard E. Case. He has been working +for ten years on this subject, and recently showed the results of his +labors to the scientific men assembled to hear him. + +Mr. Case claims that his discovery, when it is worked out to its +conclusion, will mean a new motor or driving force to do the world's work, +in place of steam, and he insists that the new force will be much cheaper +than any now in use. + +Mr. Case has found a means of generating electricity without the use of +heat. It has long been known that there was a terrible waste of electrical +energy through the use of heat. The method of producing it by galvanic +batteries was impossible for large electric plants, because the zinc that +had to be used was too expensive. + +The great point of Mr. Case's discovery lies in the fact that he has +succeeded in doing with carbon, and without heat, what the galvanic +battery does with zinc. + +He is very modest about his invention, and says that at the present moment +it has no practical value whatever; but that to scientists a way has been +opened which will lead them into a new field of thought; and that, when +his discovery has been worked out, and applied to practical methods, +tremendous results will be achieved. + + * * * * * + +A BIG PYTHON.--A story comes from St. Augustine, Fla., of the +capture of a huge python by Walter Ralston, a young man who was employed +in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. + +Some weeks ago a story was told of the wreck of a ship carrying a circus, +and that the big python had escaped, and was in Rock Key, off the Florida +coast. + +Mr. Ralston determined to go and catch the horrid reptile, so he went down +to Florida and tried to secure guides. + +He had great difficulty in doing so, for the whole country was in terror +of the snake, and no one wanted to take the risk of hunting him. + +At last Mr. Ralston found men, and landed at the Key. + +They found the snake coiled up on the body of a small doe he had caught. +The Indians immediately ran away. But Mr. Ralston was not in the least +afraid, and, boldly approaching, tried to put a bag over the python's +head. + +[Illustration] + +The reptile avoided the bag, and struck at him, catching its fangs in his +coat, and in a moment had twisted its tail around him, and was crushing +him to death in its horrid folds. + +He shouted for help, but the Indians were at first too scared to come to +his aid. At last one ventured near, and laid hold of the serpent's tail; +and the others helping, they succeeded in unwinding the reptile and +getting Mr. Ralston out of its clutches. He was more dead than alive, but +even then would not give up the chase. As soon as he was sufficiently +recovered they started after the python once more. And two of the Indians +managing to engage the creature's attention, Mr. Ralston slipped the bag +over its head, and it was caught. + +It struggled desperately for a long time, frightening the whole party +nearly out of their wits lest it should get away. But at last they had it +safe; and binding it tightly they carried it off. + + G.H.R. + + + + +BOOK REVIEWS. + + +Charles Scribner's Sons, Fifth Avenue, New York, have sent us one of the +most fascinating books to write to THE GREAT ROUND WORLD boys +about. + +_Dan Beard's American Boy's Book of Sport._ + +No one but a boy could have written such a tip-top boy's book. Dan Beard +is a boy, and has been a boy for thirty or more years, and always will be +a boy even if he lives twice thirty years more. In this book of his he has +put a host of good things that we boys need every day. + +Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter games; how to play marbles; make and +fly kites; make a boat, and sail it, too; how to fish, skate, shoot, and +swim, and hundreds of other things are in this book of books--and all are +told as only a boy can tell boys. + +It is not filled with impossible games that you never wish to play, +impossible kites that you cannot fly, boats that you cannot row or sail, +ways of swimming that you cannot learn to swim, or kinds of fishing that +you cannot fish, but is just filled cram full, from cover to cover, with +just what you will wish to know if you want to keep on being noble, +strong, manly boys. + +We cannot say all that we would wish to in this short space, but you can +find out all about it by writing to Mr. Moffat, care of Charles Scribner's +Sons. Ask him for a full catalogue. This will be sent free to any reader +of the GREAT ROUND WORLD. + + * * * * * + + + + +=THE FAMOUS + +"X RAY" PICTURES= + + +Copies of the very interesting Röntgen or "X Ray" photographs can be +obtained now from _The Great Round World_. + +These famous photographs are mounted on cards, size 11 x 14 inches, and +are from selected negatives made by + + PROF. M.I. PUPIN, of Columbia University, New York, + + DR. A.W. GOODSPEED, of University of Pennsylvania, and + + DR. W.F. MAGIE, of Princeton College. + +A selection of 39 different subjects is offered. + + * * * * * + +=PRICE, 50 CENTS EACH, (to yearly subscribers of _The Great Round World_, +40 cents net).= + + * * * * * + +Address all orders to THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, or + + =William Beverley Harison + 3 & 5 West 18th Street New York City= + + * * * * * + + + + + +Great Round World Polisher + + =Will take rust off your wheel, will polish your skates, your + gun, your fishing-reel--any and every polished metal surface can + be kept clean with it. .. .. .. .. .. ..= + + * * * * * + +It will polish knives--can be used as a knife sharpener. Put up in small +packages convenient to carry in your bicycle tool-bag; full directions +with each package. + +=BEWARE OF IMITATIONS. THIS POLISHER IS FULLY WARRANTED BY "THE GREAT +ROUND WORLD."= If it does not do all that we say, and a great deal more, +we will refund amount paid at any time. =CHEAP AND DURABLE=--will remain +good until last morsel is used up. =NON-POISONOUS!!= + +Every boy or girl, man or woman, can use it safely. + + * * * * * + +=Price, 25 cents (13 two-cent stamps), postage paid to any address.= + + * * * * * + +=CAN BE OBTAINED BY ALL FIRST-CLASS DEALERS.= + + * * * * * + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON, + 5 West 18th Street, New York City. + + * * * * * + +=EVERY PACKAGE BEARS THIS NAME.= + + * * * * * + + + +NOTICE. + +Booksellers and Newsdealers + +will furnish at price advertised any book named in GREAT ROUND +WORLD, or copies of =The Great Round World=. =Subscriptions=, either +single or in quantity, or at club rates, may be placed with booksellers or +newsdealers in any town. We allow them commission on =all such business=, +that our customers may be promptly and satisfactorily served. If your +bookseller or newsdealer does not keep THE GREAT ROUND WORLD call +his attention to this notice, and ask him to write to + + =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON, 3 & 5 W. 18th Street, + NEW YORK CITY.= + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World And What Is +Going On In It, April 1, 1897 Vol. 1. No. 21, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + +***** This file should be named 15451-8.txt or 15451-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/4/5/15451/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team. 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