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diff --git a/15386-8.txt b/15386-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e25171c --- /dev/null +++ b/15386-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1603 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On +In It, Vol. 1, No. 18, March 11, 1897, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 18, March 11, 1897 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 16, 2005 [EBook #15386] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. (www.pgdp.net) + + + + + + + + +_FIVE CENTS._ + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD + +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT + + SUBSCRIPTION PRICE. MARCH 11, 1897 Vol. 1. NO. 18 + $2.50 PER YEAR + [Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second-class matter] + +[Illustration] + + A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER FOR BOYS AND GIRLS + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. PUBLISHER + + NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + +Copyrighted 1897, By WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. + + + + * * * * * + +SIMPLE LESSONS IN THE + +STUDY OF NATURE + +By I.G. OAKLEY + + +This is a handy little book, which many a teacher who is looking for means +to offer children genuine nature study may be thankful to get hold of. + +Nature lessons, to be entitled to that name, must deal with what can be +handled and scrutinized at leisure by the child, pulled apart, and even +wasted. This can be done with the objects discussed in this book; they are +under the feet of childhood--grass, feathers, a fallen leaf, a budding +twig, or twisted shell; these things cannot be far out of the way, even +within the stony limits of a city. + +Nor are the lessons haphazard dashes at the nearest living thing; on the +contrary, they are virtually fundamental, whether with respect to their +relation to some of the classified sciences, or with reference to the +development of thought and power of expression in the child himself. + +The illustrations are few, and scarcely more than figures; it is not meant +to be a pretty picture-book, yet is most clearly and beautifully printed +and arranged, for its material is to be that out of which pictures are +made. It will be found full of suggestions of practical value to teachers +who are carrying the miscellaneous work of ungraded schools, and who have +the unspeakable privilege of dealing with their pupils untrammelled by +cast-iron methods and account-keeping examination records. + + _Sample copy, 50 Cents, post-paid_ + + * * * * * + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON + 3 & 5 W. 18th St. · · · New York City + * * * * * + + +School and College Text-Books + +AT WHOLESALE PRICES + + * * * * * + + At my New Store (FEBRUARY 1ST) + 3 & 5 West 18th Street + _The St. Ann Building_ + + * * * * * + +With the greatly increased facilities I can now offer to my customers the +convenience of an assortment of text-books and supplies more complete than +any other in any store in this city. Books will be classified according to +subject. Teachers and students are invited to call and refer to the +shelves when in search of information; every convenience and assistance +will be rendered them. + +Reading Charts, miscellaneous Reference Charts, Maps, Globes, Blackboards, +and School Supplies at net prices singly or in quantity. + +All books removed from old store (more or less damaged by removal) will be +closed out at low prices. + + * * * * * + +_Mail orders promptly attended to_ +_All books, etc., subject to approval_ + + * * * * * + +William Beverley Hanson, 3 & 5 West 18th Street +FORMERLY 59 FIFTH AVENUE + + * * * * * + +History and Manuals of +Vertical Writing + + By JOHN JACKSON + + * * * * * + + Theory and Practice of Vertical Writing, $1.25 + Teaching of Vertical Writing, .50 + + * * * * * + + +John Jackson, the originator of this system of vertical writing, is the +only teacher who has had the years of practice in teaching it that make +these the standard manuals for teachers and students. The adoption of +vertical writing abroad and in this country is largely due to his +persistent work and the marvellous results of his teaching. His series of +copy-books were the first to be used in this country, and are considered +by experienced teachers, who are not to be misled by mere beauty of +engravers work, to contain the only practical well-graded course of +instruction leading from primary work to the rapid and now justly +celebrated =telegraph hand=--for these books are the only ones containing +copies in this rapid writing. The telegraph hand is the style used by the +best telegraph operators in the country--and these writers are universally +acknowledged to be the most rapid writers, and writers of a hand which of +necessity must be most legible. + + * * * * * + + Copy-Books (10 numbers), 96 cents per dozen + Copy-Pads (8 numbers), 96 cents per dozen + +BOTH SERIES CONTAIN SIMILAR COPIES. + +Sample sets to teachers (post-paid), 75 cents + + + * * * * * + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON + 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City + + * * * * * + + + +[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND WORLD And WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.] + + VOL. 1 MARCH 11, 1897. NO. 18 + + * * * * * + + +There is startling news from Crete. + +Greece has openly defied the warning of the Powers, and has declared her +intention of assisting the little island, and freeing her from the Turkish +rule. + +All Europe is ringing with the spirited reply sent by Greece to the demand +that she should submit to the wishes of Europe, and give up her warlike +intentions toward Turkey. + +This reply was short and to the point. It was simply this: + +"Greece accepts full responsibility for all her acts." + +Her first act after sending this brave message was to fire on a Turkish +vessel, and thus openly to declare war upon the Turks. + +The Turkish vessel was carrying arms to the besieged garrison at Canea. As +she moved from her anchorage in the harbor of Candia, she was hailed by a +Greek warship, and ordered to return to her moorings. + +The Turkish vessel, the _Fuad_, paid no attention to the order, and was +continuing on her way, when a shot from the Greek ship brought her to a +stand. Having no guns of her own with which to defend herself, the _Fuad_ +decided that the sensible thing was to obey; so she put about, and +returned to her moorings. + +The commander of the British fleet sent a formal protest to the Greeks +against this action, and again ordered them to stop attacking the Turks. + +No attention was paid to this request. + +The Powers are, however, so afraid of war, that they are doing all that is +possible to prevent Greece from taking any action that will make war +inevitable. + +Russia, Great Britain, France, and Italy have all sent warships to Crete, +with orders to enforce peace between Greece and Turkey. + +The combined fleets of these great nations have formed a cordon around the +harbor of Canea, and have blockaded the port, to prevent the Greek +squadron, under Prince George, from entering the harbor. + +A cordon is a line of men, ships, or forts, so stationed as to prevent +people from going into, or coming out of the place. + +Having done this, the four great Powers proceeded to take possession of +the island, and intend to try and hold it until some settlement is made +between Greece and Turkey. + +One hundred men from each of the four fleets have been landed at Canea, +and, with the consent of the Turkish authorities, have raised their flags +over the fortress of the city, as a sign that Crete is under their +protection. + +Greece, in the mean while, has sent word to the Powers that she intends to +occupy Crete. She is sending troops there, and raising volunteers and +filling out her reserve force, to be ready for war, if war comes. + +This defiance on the part of Greece is worrying the rest of the Powers. +She is too small and insignificant to attempt to brave the wrath of Europe +alone, and there is an uneasy feeling that some one of the great nations +must be secretly backing her. + +As usual, when anything goes wrong in Europe, Russia is blamed. Russia has +so long been the naughty girl of Dame Europa's school, that the moment +mischief is in the air Russia is suspected. + +If she is in this new trouble, she will have hard work to escape +punishment. She has been posing as the dear friend and protector of Turkey +for the last few weeks, and has put stumbling-blocks in the way of the +other Powers when they have attempted to force the Sultan of Turkey to do +as they wished. + +If she has suddenly veered round, and is now encouraging Greece against +Turkey, her conduct will be hard to explain. + +It will be interesting to watch what comes of this, for it seems that the +Bismarck revelations, about which you can read in No. 4 of THE GREAT +ROUND WORLD, have brought many strange things to light in European +politics. + +You will remember that it was found that Germany had a secret +understanding with Russia, which quite undid her open agreement with +Austria and Italy--the Triple Alliance, as it was called. + +Now it appears that nearly all the European nations have been playing the +same sly game. + +It would seem that most of them have secret, underhand agreements to play +false to their best friends, whenever it suits their purpose. + +Every one is sure that Greece has some strong country at her back to make +her so bold, and while all the diplomats are wondering which it can be, no +one dares to ask any questions. There is so much treachery and deceit +going on, that each ambassador is afraid that any inquiry on his part may +lead to the discovery of things about his country that would better be +kept in the dark. + +This daring attitude of Greece may involve the whole of Europe in a vast +war, and it may be passed quietly over, and Greece be allowed to snatch +her prize from under Turkey's nose, and walk away unharmed with it, +because none of the other nations dare to call "police!" for fear of being +arrested themselves. + +All sorts of rumors are flying around. One is that the Powers are not +really angry with Greece, and that if the bold little country can take +possession of Crete and hold it, the Powers will not let her be interfered +with. + +It is also said that Turkey does not want Crete very badly, and will let +Greece take it and keep it, if she will only promise not to interfere with +Macedonia, which is another ancient Greek province, inhabited by +Christians, and now under the control of Turkey. Macedonia is on the +borders of modern Greece. + +Outwardly, the Powers are very fierce over the whole matter, and have +warned Greece that if she does not withdraw her army from Crete in two +days, they will make war upon her. + +Greece is, however, taking her own way very quietly and decidedly. + +While the four combined fleets of Europe are keeping Prince George at bay +at Canea, fifteen hundred Greek soldiers under Colonel Vassos have been +safely landed in Crete, at Platania about sixty miles from Canea. + +This battalion, which is made up of artillery, engineers, and infantry, is +called the "Corps of Occupation," and Greece went wild with joy when the +report of its safe arrival reached Athens. + +The commander of the corps, Colonel Vassos, is reported to have issued a +proclamation to the Cretans, in which he says that the troubles in Crete +have been deeply felt by their brother Greeks. The Cretans are but one +nation with the Greeks, despite the fact that they are under a foreign +rule, and Greece can no longer allow a people of her race and religion to +be under the Turkish rule; she has therefore decided to occupy the island, +and add it to the country ruled by the King of Greece. + +The proclamation goes on to say that Colonel Vassos, in the name of the +King of Greece, promises to protect the lives, honor, and property of the +inhabitants, and to bring peace and law to them. + +He then demanded of the Turks that they surrender, and give up the island. + +While this was going on, the combined Powers, through their ambassadors in +Greece, demanded that the Greek warships be withdrawn from Crete under +pain of Europe's displeasure. + +They promised that the Turkish reforms should be properly enforced in +Crete, and that, in the conference which will follow as soon as the fear +of war is passed, the Powers will consider the question of reuniting +Greece and Crete. + +There is a rumor that the Powers will get home rule for Crete, and that +the Emperor William of Germany is trying his best to bring this last +scheme about. + +Matters are very far from settlement. Volunteers are rallying to the Greek +flag in great numbers, and all Greece is echoing to the cries of excited +patriotism. + +The Greeks have won their first victory in Crete. They attacked a fort +called Fort Aghia, captured it, and took four hundred prisoners. One +hundred of these were Turkish soldiers, the rest were Moslems, who had +taken refuge in the fort. + +The details of this affair have not yet arrived, but it is supposed that +the fort surrendered on the demand of Colonel Vassos. + +Greece is also reported to have landed four thousand more troops in Crete. + +Turkey is strengthening her forts along the Greek frontier, and has sent +word to the Powers that they must restrain Greece, or she will be obliged +to follow her own course. + + * * * * * + +No progress has been made toward the passage of the Treaty with Great +Britain. + +Their eyes once opened to the dangers that may underlie the fair words of +the Treaty, the Senators are putting it under the microscope of +discussion, and are anxious that it shall not leave their hands until it +can be considered to be truly beneficial to the country. + +It is certain that it will not be brought to any conclusion during this +session of Congress. + +Senator Sherman, who as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations has +charge of the bill, says that he will present it at the extra session of +the Senate, which will be called on March 5th by the new President. + +It is said that the Nicaragua Canal Bill has been the real means of +preventing the Senate from arriving at any conclusion about the Treaty +this session. + +Senator Morgan has been working very hard to convince the Senate of the +importance of settling the Canal question before the Treaty is ratified, +and has at last succeeded. + +He has been very clever about it. He announced to the Senate, some days +ago, that in consequence of the amount of business that must be got +through before the end of the session, he was willing to let his bill +stand over till the extra session. He warned the Senate, at the same time, +that when the extra session came, he should fight for his bill with all +his strength, and do his best to have it made into a law. + +This looked as though the Senator had made way for the Treaty, and did not +really care so much about his bill being passed before the Treaty was +ratified. + +But that was not Mr. Morgan's idea at all. + +He withdrew his bill because he did not want to have it hurried through, +and voted on carelessly, and perhaps lost. He withdrew it the more +willingly because he had a nice little scheme in his head, which would +easily prevent the Treaty being passed before the extra session, when he +would again be on hand with his bill. + +His plan was this: + +He would unearth the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, confront the Senate with that, +and as it deals very directly with matters that concern both arbitration +and the canal, Senator Morgan was sure that it would give the Senate +enough food for discussion to last it through this session of Congress, +without touching the Treaty again. + +The Clayton-Bulwer treaty was made between Great Britain and the United +States in 1850. + +One part of the treaty stipulates that neither Great Britain nor the +United States shall ever control the Nicaragua Canal, nor build forts +along it. + +When this treaty was made, Nicaragua had given the right to build the +canal to an American company. This company did not belong to the +government; it was a mere business undertaking by a business firm. + +The company did not build the canal; the work required too much money, and +the affair fell through. + +At the present time it is the American Government that proposes to build +the canal, and if the Government is to put in the enormous sums of money +that will be needed, it is only right that the Government shall control +it. Nicaragua is not wealthy enough to build the canal herself, and if we +do not undertake it, some other country will, and it will certainly expect +the control of the canal in return for the money invested. + +Senator Morgan asked the Senate to consider the matter of the +Clayton-Bulwer treaty, and decide whether or no we are still bound by it, +before the Arbitration Treaty be signed. He insists that if the Senate +decides that the Clayton-Bulwer treaty is still binding, England must +agree to release us from it before we can discuss another treaty, as it is +too absurd to suppose that we will put our money into the canal and have +no right to control it. + +In the time that must be taken up in the consideration of this very +important point. Senator Morgan will have time to get his bill properly +considered, and with the new light that he has thrown on canal affairs +through the Clayton-Bulwer treaty, he is more likely to get his bill +passed. + + * * * * * + +There is news of a great victory for the Cubans, which is called one of +the most brilliant successes of the war. + +It was won by General Gomez. + +He set out to lay siege to the town of Arroyo Blanco. + +When he arrived before the town, he sent word to the mayor that he was +about to open fire with his dynamite-gun, and he requested that all the +women, children, and non-fighting men should be sent out of the city. + +In accordance with the rules of civilized warfare, he sent a permit for +these people to pass out of the town in safety. + +He waited several hours for a reply. None being sent, he ordered his +gunners to send one shot over the city. + +This having been done, and still no answer coming from the Spanish +commander, General Gomez sent a fresh messenger, asking the mayor, for the +sake of humanity, to send the women and children out of the town as +quickly as possible. + +To this the officer in command sent the reply that Gomez could begin to +fire as quickly as he pleased, for not a soul in Arroyo Blanco should be +allowed to leave the town; he intended to keep the women and children +within the walls, to suffer whatever fate was in store for him. + +The women and children pleaded to be allowed to leave, but the Spanish +officer was determined to keep them, and they were obliged to stay. + +On receiving this cruel answer, Gomez opened fire, using his dreadful +dynamite-gun. For several days he laid siege to the town, without gaining +any advantage. + +The Spaniards tried to get help from the main army by signalling with the +heliograph. This is an instrument by which rays of light are thrown from a +mirror, and flashed from one point to another. It is much used in war. + +The Cubans, however, prevented the heliograph from being used, and hoped +that they had the Spaniards cut off from their friends. + +By some means the news of the siege reached the main army, and three +thousand troops were sent to the relief of Arroyo Blanco. + +No sooner did Gomez see the first of the Spanish soldiers appearing over +the hills, than he laid a plan to win a brilliant victory. + +Pretending to be alarmed at the arrival of the Spanish troops, he withdrew +his men from the siege of the town, and appeared to be retreating. + +Delighted with their success, the Spanish pursued the Cubans, who led them +into a valley between two hills. + +This was the trap into which Gomez had planned to lure his enemy. + +When the Spaniards had reached a place that seemed favorable to his +wishes, Gomez gave the signal--Cubans poured down the hillsides, from +behind every rock and bush, surrounded the Spaniards, and completely +defeated them, the Spaniards suffering a severe loss, many of them being +killed, wounded, or taken prisoner. + +It is said that this victory has so alarmed Weyler that he has sent to +Havana for more troops, and declares that he cannot stand against Gomez +without more soldiers to help him. + +The people of Havana do not like this. Weyler has many more soldiers than +Gomez, and the citizens do not want to be left at the mercy of the +insurgent bands that are in the neighborhood of the city. + + * * * * * + +A great deal of interest is being taken in the investigation, by the New +York Legislature, into the subject of Trusts. + +A Trust is the combination of a number of persons who are interested in +the manufacture of a certain article. + +These persons join together, and agree to pay certain prices for making +the goods they deal in, and to ask a certain price for the article when +they sell it again. + +They put all their money together, and become one company. Each member of +the Trust has to bind himself to do what the members think best, and +though there may be several hundred factories in one Trust, all obey the +one set of rules, just as if they were but one body. + +In this way the Trust has a great deal of money at its command, and can +buy the finest machinery to make its goods, and, because of the enormous +quantities needed to supply all the members of the Trust, can obtain the +material needed for the manufacture at the lowest possible price. + +Through the means a Trust has for producing goods, it can make and +manufacture at a much smaller cost than a single manufacturer, and can +control the amount of the output of the goods, so that too great a supply +shall not be made at one time, and the markets be so flooded that the +price falls and it no longer pays to make them. + +The idea of a number of persons clubbing together and helping each other +with their money and brains, and working together to produce an article at +the least possible cost, is of course a very excellent one. + +It would seem as though these methods would help to make the articles that +we daily need much cheaper to us, and that the cost of living would be +less. + +But unfortunately it is not always so. + +While Trusts could and should work for the benefit of the people, they are +too often used as a means to harm them. + +When Trusts get so large that they include nearly all the manufacturers of +a special article, they are not only able to produce the article at the +least possible cost, but to say for how much it shall be sold. + +A Trust is formed that the manufacturers may make a better article at a +lower cost--at least, that is what the Trusts say; but the danger is that +they may obtain entire control of the market, create a monopoly, and +having the public at their mercy, make the prices as high as they please. + +A monopoly is the sole power of dealing in any class of goods. + +If there were no Trusts controlling the market, no one manufacturer would +dare to put his price too high, because another one would instantly step +in with lower prices, and take his trade away from him. + +This would create what is called competition, because the first +manufacturer would not want to lose his trade, and would lower his prices +below the second manufacturer. Others would join in, and would continue to +cut prices, until the selling price of the article would be brought down +to the lowest possible rate at which it can be put on the market. + +The public would get the benefit of this competition, and would find the +cost of living less. + +This competition is the soul of business, because it obliges manufacturers +to better the quality of their goods and machinery in order to sell at +all; but Trusts do not care to do this, and therefore desire to put a stop +to it entirely. + +Each Trust has its system of controlling the store-keepers who deal +directly with the public, and it makes them agree to sell at such prices +as it thinks best. + +In this way the prices are kept up, no matter how much they ought to have +been lowered through cheap manufacture, or plentiful supply of the +material needed to be manufactured. + +The money that is made by the cheaper conditions goes into the pockets of +the members of the Trust, and they often become enormously rich, through +the higher price which they thus force the people to pay. + +All the necessary articles of food in daily use are controlled by Trusts. + +There is a Sugar Trust, which dictates the exact number of cents a pound +you must pay for your sugar. A Coffee Trust, which fixes the price of +coffee. It is the Coal Trust which keeps the price of coal so high in +winter. There is a Gas Trust, a Salt Trust, a Wall-Paper Trust, and indeed +a Trust for almost every necessary and useful article. + +You notice probably that the most of the Trusts are producers of articles +that we are obliged to use. + +If the Coal Barons, as they are called, asked ten dollars a ton for coal, +we would still be obliged to use it. We could not go without fires. + +If a Meat Trust said our meat was to cost a dollar a pound, we would still +have to buy it. Our sugar is another article which we cannot do without, +and for which we are obliged to pay whatever price the dealers choose to +ask. + +Do you see now wherein Trusts are dangerous to us? + +The Democrats last fall declared that if their candidate was elected +President of the United States, they would make laws whereby the +Government should be able to control and regulate Trusts. + +The Legislature in Albany, wishing to prevent these combinations from +gaining so much power that they become a menace to the public, has +appointed a committee to investigate the workings of Trusts. + +State Senator Lexow was made Chairman of the committee. He is that Mr. +Clarence Lexow, who was chairman of the committee which looked into the +way the police were doing their duty a short while ago. + +Senator Lexow has come down to New York City with full power to call the +officers of the Trusts before him, and make them tell him how they manage +their business, how much money it costs them to produce the articles they +manufacture, and how much profit they make. + +When the inquiry is finished, the committee will report to the Legislature +at Albany, which will then decide what action shall be taken. + +The Trust Investigating Committee has found out from the Sugar Trust, that +the price of sugar has been lowered since the Trust was formed. But it has +also been learned that sugar has not been allowed to fall in price as much +as it ought to have, and that while sugar is cheaper than it used to be, +it could be much cheaper yet, and still pay well for the making. + +With all the Trusts the story is the same. They have slightly cheapened +the price of the goods they handle, and have then controlled the market +and prevented any further reduction. + +Each Trust declares that it is a positive benefit to trade, and while it +is true that they do employ a vast number of men, and make the best +quality of goods at _apparently_ the lowest possible price, it must not be +forgotten that the public does not benefit as much as it ought by the low +cost of production, and that all small manufacturers are driven out of the +business by the enormous power of the Trust. + +A man who wishes to succeed to-day dare not try to compete with the Trust; +he must join it or be boycotted by it; that is to say, if he attempts to +undersell the Trust, all retail dealers will be forbidden to buy from him, +and he will have no market for his goods. + +There has been a great outcry against this investigation, and the Trusts +are very indignant. They declare that such investigations ruin trade, and +make prices higher. To prove this argument, the Sugar Trust has put the +price of sugar up an eighth of a cent a pound, or about forty cents a +barrel. + +This is, however, an argument that works both ways. If the Sugar Trust is +so powerful that it can revenge itself for the investigation by putting +the price of sugar up, it is then too powerful for the welfare of the +people, and it shows clearly that it is high time that the government +makes an attempt to restrict the power of the Trusts. + + * * * * * + +Admiral Bunce and his fleet of warships have been engaged in some very +interesting naval practice off Charleston. + +The especial object of the visit was to see if they could effectually +blockade the port. + +In making their trip down the coast, the fleet ran into a heavy gale off +Cape Hatteras, and Admiral Bunce was able to see how the vessels under his +command behave in a storm. + +Arrived off Charleston, the Admiral arranged the fleet in a cordon across +the mouth of Charleston harbor, and when night came, ordered the little +cruiser _Vesuvius_ to steam out to sea, and then try to steal back into +port without being discovered by the big warships that were guarding the +harbor. + +In other words, the _Vesuvius_ was ordered to "run the blockade." + +In times of war, an enemy will often blockade a port by stationing big +ships in such positions that they may prevent any vessels from entering or +leaving the port, just as the combined fleets of Europe are preventing the +Greek fleet, under Prince George, from entering the harbor of Canea. + +In our late war the harbor of Charleston was actually blockaded, and +vessels were regularly employed as blockade runners, many of them getting +through without difficulty, and many having hair-breadth escapes. + +The steamers selected to run the blockade in war times were light, swift, +and built so that they lay very low in the water. They were painted a dull +gray color, so that they could not be seen at a distance; their funnels +were made like telescopes, so that they could be shut up, and be little +higher than the deck, when the moment for actually running the blockade +arrived. They burned smokeless coal, and could blow their steam off under +water, so that it was very hard to discover them, and on dark nights they +could often slip by the watching vessels without being observed. + +Admiral Bunce thought that the search-light system which is in use on all +our war-vessels would make it extremely difficult for a blockade runner to +pass a modern blockade, and it was to test this that the game of blockade +running was tried off Charleston. + +When all was in readiness for the game to begin, the _New York_, which was +the flagship, sent up a rocket, warning the other vessels to be on the +lookout for the blockade runner. + +The flagship of a fleet is always the one which has the admiral on board. +The ships in a fleet are like a regiment of soldiers, and act under the +orders of the admiral in command; and as the orders are always sent from +ship to ship by means of flags or signals, the ship from which the orders +are issued is called the flagship. + +All the search-lights were in play, and there was the greatest excitement +on board the various vessels as the little cruiser steamed out to sea to +begin the game. + +Back and forth the search-light flashed along the whole line of the +blockade. Here and there, in every direction, the waters were searched for +a sign of the little _Vesuvius_, which was surely steaming toward them to +try and run the blockade. + +No sign of the cruiser could be seen, and anxiety was felt lest she should +have escaped all the searchers, when the signal came from the _Maine_ that +she had been discovered, and all the search-lights from the various +vessels were turned toward the _Maine's_ light, and there was the +_Vesuvius_, defeated. + +She showed her lights, which till then had been concealed, and steamed +back to sea again for another trial. + +This time she so nearly succeeded that there was consternation in the +whole fleet; but still she was detected in time. + +Five times she made the attempt, but defeat succeeded defeat; and at last +Admiral Bunce declared the game over for the night, and the _Vesuvius_ +returned to anchor, with the rest of the fleet. + +Admiral Bunce declared himself highly pleased at the success of his +blockade. + +The next night the game was played again. This time the _Vesuvius_ won +easily, for it was a foggy night, and the search-lights were not able to +pierce the fog. + +Admiral Bunce would not allow that this was a fair test, but as, in real +war, blockade runners would be pretty sure to wait for a cloudy night, or +for one that was dark or foggy, it would seem that the test was fairer +than that of the night before, which was clear and moonlit. + +Before the manoeuvres were over, the admiral ordered a practice with the +big guns. + +From all accounts it was a very fine sight, and our navy proved itself a +great credit to us. + +The guns were fired at targets, and the shooting seems to have been +particularly fine, the targets being hit every time. + + * * * * * + +At last beyond any further question Major William McKinley has been +elected President of the United States. + +The last formality was complied with when, on February 11th, at one +o'clock, the Senate of the United States, headed by the Vice-President, +filed into the House of Representatives to count the vote of the Electoral +College, cast in the manner described in THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, +No. 13. + +As the Senators entered the House of Representatives, all the Congressmen +rose, and remained standing while their visitors filed in, two by two. + +The little procession was preceded by the officers of the Senate, who +carried the ballot-boxes. + +The work of counting was then commenced by the tellers, and ere long it +was officially announced that William McKinley was the choice of the +people for President of the United States. + + GENIE H. ROSENFELD. + + + + +CRETE AND GREECE. + + + +Well, well, well! So little Greece has really done it! While the Great +Powers have been worrying each other, have been forming alliances and +triple alliances, have been threatening Turkey and shaking their fists at +each other, have been trembling in their boots and calling conferences, +little Greece has fired upon one of Turkey's ships, and "accepts full +responsibility for all her acts." + +The first shots came from Crete, that long, beautiful island south of +Greece, called in the time of Homer the "Isle of One Hundred Cities." It +has a most heroic history, remaining free long after Greece herself had +become subject to Rome. Only in the year 68 B.C., after a long and +determined effort upon the part of Rome, did Crete surrender. + +And her islanders have the same heroic blood in their veins to-day. The +trouble now is that Turkish misrule, since she was made over to the Turks +in 1840 by the Great Powers, has fanned the old desire for freedom into +flame. + +The Greeks were most probably unwise in firing upon the Turkish transport +_Fuad_ as she was bearing munitions to the Turkish garrison at Canea; but +we can hardly blame them. + +There comes a time when patience almost ceases to be a virtue. The Cretans +are human. They have waited long, though impatiently, and their very +impatience has shown us how hard the waiting has been for men of such +fiery character. They feel now that they would rather die in the struggle +for freedom than submit longer to the injustice of their Turkish rulers. + +I was in Athens when the coming of age of Crown Prince George, the brave, +handsome young Greek of whom we hear so much, was celebrated. + +The streets, from the palace to the church where the ceremonies were to +take place, were most beautiful with triumphal arches. Rich tapestries +floated from the windows all along the way, and the flags of all +nations--among them our own dear Stars and Stripes--swung merrily to the +breeze. + +The city was full of soldiers. Among them were the Greek mountaineers in +their picturesque costume of white linen, consisting of tunics with long, +flowing sleeves, and kilted skirts so full and so starched that they stood +out like the skirts of a circus rider. + +Their long, pointed shoes, which turned up at the toes like a toboggan, +had large red rosettes on the very points. Their caps were gayly colored, +and a long tassel fell from the crown to their shoulders. + +Not a very good fighting costume, you will probably think; but if you had +looked into their keen eyes and determined faces, you would have forgotten +the costume--especially if they had come to fight you. + +They are hardy fellows, and although their enemies outnumber them four to +one, we may depend upon it that, if battle comes, there will be as brave +and heroic fighting upon the side of the Greeks, as when their forefathers +fought the Trojans in the days of long ago. + +But they will have need of all their courage, for the enemy is not only +fierce, but cruel. The Turks are fatalists, who believe that whatever _is_ +to be _will_ be, and that if they are fated to die in battle, nothing can +save them. + +If they die fighting bravely they believe that they are sure to go to +Paradise. + +With this belief you can readily see how little they are likely to run +away. + +Unless the Great Powers interfere, the conflict will be a terrible one. +How much better it would be to settle the difficulty by arbitration, and +prevent such a cruel war. + + IZORA C. CHANDLER + + + + +INVENTION AND DISCOVERY. + + +Many new and interesting patents were shown at the Cycle Show at the Grand +Central Palace, New York City. + +One of the most ingenious was a new tire. It is called the Hose-Pipe Tire, +and seems to be a very sensible and useful kind. + +The feature of this tire is that it has a second tube laid flat inside the +first one. + +This second tube is not inflated, but kept as an emergency tube. + +Should the outer one be punctured, the pipe inside can be inflated by +means of a separate valve connected with it, and the rider can go on his +way with little delay. + +Should the second tube also become punctured, it is so arranged that it +can be taken out, mended, and replaced without much trouble. + +New saddles of all descriptions were shown. The Schlesinger Anatomical +Saddle, with its spring cushion which does away with the jolts and shocks +that the rider receives with an ordinary saddle, was voted the best shown. + +There is a new foot-pump from which great things are expected. It is small +enough to be packed in the tool-bag, and strong enough for all purposes. + +Among other things, a bicycle cleaner made by the Ętna Company, of Newark, +N.J., was particularly recommended to prevent rust, and to polish the +steel and enamel parts. + +The aluminum cyclometers made by the Trenton Watch Company made a very +handsome display. They will register from 1 to 10,000 miles. + +The League of American Wheelmen are preparing a set of road books which +give the best roads and routes to various points of interest. + +The New York _Times_ published in their supplement for February 7th four +of these route maps. + +They are most excellent. The hills, the character of the roads, the +railroad crossings, the trolley lines, are all marked with the greatest +accuracy. Even the awkward corners where trolleys are to be met are +marked, and the various rules and regulations of the villages which must +be passed are also given. + +These four maps give trips to Mt. Vernon, to Bronx Park, and to New +Rochelle, over roads and byways with which the present writer is +thoroughly familiar, and the accuracy of these charts cannot be too highly +commended. + +With such guides as these in hand, a wheelman can make delightful, safe, +and speedy trips. + +Our young readers would do well to secure copies of _The Times_ +supplement, and obtain these excellent maps. + +The League of American Wheelmen has very generously decided to let the +general public have the benefit of its road books, and they will put them +on the market, we understand, as soon as they are published. + + G.H.R. + + + + +LETTERS FROM OUR YOUNG FRIENDS. + + +The Editor takes pleasure in acknowledging the pleasant letters received +from Laura Van C. and Theodore S. + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD is always delighted to hear of any good +books, and thanks Theodore for his recommendation of "In Mythland" and +"Hans Brinker." + +The Editor also wishes to thank Mr. Davis, of Bayonne, for his kind +letter, and to tell him that if he will look at No. 3 of THE GREAT +ROUND WORLD, page 46, he will find a fuller account of terminal buds, +and the rings formed on trees. + +It was hoped that the readers of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD would have +remembered the previous article on the subject, and therefore the later +one was not so explanatory. + +Mr. Davis has very kindly sent us an account of the kite represented in +our No. 9. We take great pleasure in publishing his statement. He says: + +"I will tell you about Mr. William A. Eddy's kite, or rather about Mr. +Hargrave's, whose invention was the kite represented in your late issue. + +"Mr. Lawrence Hargrave, of Australia, began in 1892 some experiments in +kite flying. His first attempt was with cylindrical surfaces. Not +succeeding as well as he had expected, he changed his plans, and in 1893 +perfected the kite as represented in your issue. He sent photographs to +the Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893, where Mr. Eddy saw them. On +his return to Bayonne, Mr. Eddy made several kites from the photographic +pattern, and flew them a few days afterward. These undoubtedly were the +first Hargrave kites flown outside of Australia. This is a powerful kite, +but it requires a very strong wind to raise it. + +"Mr. Eddy's kites are of a nearly plane surface, slightly convex in front, +and without tails. His experiments with them are revealing wonderful facts +regarding atmospheric electricity." + + + DEAR MR. EDITOR: + + THE GREAT ROUND WORLD is very interesting, I think, + when you commence it. I think as another little girl thinks, + that the inventions made nowadays are wonderful; indeed, if I + could I would like to talk to the people up in Mars, if there + are any to talk to. My teacher's name is Miss Davis, and she + reads THE GREAT ROUND WORLD to us. + + Yours truly, + LAURA VAN C. + TROY, OHIO, February 13, 1897. + + + DEAR MR. EDITOR: + + I have a book by the name of "In Mythland." I like it so much + that I thought I would write and tell you about it, so as other + children seven years old like me would know of it, and could + read it. Mother reads THE GREAT ROUND WORLD to me every + week, and I like it very much. Mother is reading me a book + called "Hans Brinker; or, The Silver Skates." A story of life in + Holland. By Mary Mapes Dodge. My book has many pictures of + Holland in it. + + Yours truly, + THEODORE S.K. + 321 WEST 82d STREET, February 15, 1897. + + + + +BOOK REVIEWS. + + +A new book has been sent us, entitled "Three of Us." The title is +explained by the cover, which gives the bright faces of three fine +dogs--Barney, a bull-dog, Cossack, a wolf-hound, and Rex, a St. Bernard. + +The book has 327 pages, and tells the stories of the three dogs--the last +one, Rex, telling his own "autobow-wow-ography." + +It is written and also illustrated with many drawings by Izora C. +Chandler, and published by Eaton & Mains, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City. + +The other day a number of letters were shown us which had been written +about this book by some bright little people of Hanover, N.H. + +The book was given to the school, and one of the teachers read it aloud to +the scholars. + +This pleased them so much that they each wrote a letter to the lady who +had made the gift. We publish one of these letters: + + "My Dear Mrs. Richardson: + + "It was very kind of you to give the book, "Three of Us," to the + school. + + "I enjoyed Barney and Cossack very much. I was interested in Rex + also. + + "Barney was very interesting because he did so many brave deeds. + + "I liked Cossack because the little boy's kindness to the dog + saved the life of his own father. + + "If I were to have a dog I think I would like Barney. + + "I thank you very much for the book. + + "Yours sincerely, + "EMMA M. HALL." + + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD prize has been won by Miss Harriet W. +Mygatt, age eleven years, No. 32 Sidney Place, Brooklyn, N.Y., who will +please send the name of the book she wants. + +Her selection of the important articles of commerce is very good, and the +simple way in which they are marked on the map is also worthy of praise; +for while perfectly distinct, the topographical features of the map have +not been obscured. The map will be exhibited in the office of THE +GREAT ROUND WORLD. + + * * * * * + +=School Books Wanted= + + +The following school books will be taken in exchange for subscriptions for +"Great Round World" at prices named. + +Send books by express prepaid. Send none which are much soiled or worn; +pages must not be torn nor missing. Mark package--"GREAT ROUND +WORLD, 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City, care William Beverley +Harison." + +Put your name on package and send a list by mail with your subscription +order. + +=We can use Standard School Books of all kinds, send List of any you may +wish to dispose of.= + +=READERS= + + Barnes' First, 20c. Second, 30c. Third, 40c. + Appleton's " 15c. " 25c. " 30c. + Cyr's " 20c. " 25c. " 30c. + New Franklin " 20c. " 30c. " 35c. + McGuffey's Revised " 15c. " 25c. " 30c. + Stickney's " 10c. " 15c. " 20c. + Swinton's " 20c. " 30c. " 40c. + Information " 30c. " 30c. " 30c. + +=HISTORIES. UNITED STATES= + + Barnes' Primary, 40c. Large 1890 or later, 75c. + Eggleston's First Book, 40c. " 75c. + Fiske's " 75c. + Johnston's Shorter, 40c. " 75c. + Montgomery's Beginner's, 30c. " 75c. + Sheldon's " 50c. + Thomas' " 50c. + + +=ARITHMETICS= + + Bailey's Mental, 15c. + Brooks' New " 15c. New Written, 30c. + Atwood's Part 1, 20c. Part 2, 35c. + Milne's Elements, 25c. Standard, 40c. + Prince's No. 1 to 7, 15c. each + Sanford's Primary, 20c. Common School, 35c. + Robinson's New " 10c. Rudiments, 25c. + + +=GEOGRAPHIES--(These must have North and South Dakota)= + + Appleton's, Barnes', Maury's, or Eclectic Elementary, 35c. + Monteith's First, 20c. Introduction 30c. Manual, 50c. + + +=GRAMMARS= + + Reed & Kellogg's Elementary, 20c. Higher, 40c. + Whitney & Lockwood's, 35c. + Hyde's First Lessons, 20c. Second Book, 40c. + Tarbell's First Book, 25c. " " 40c. + + +=PRIMERS--10 Cents Each= + +Appleton's, Cyr's, Interstate, McGuffey's Revised, Riverside, Swinton's, +Monroe's. + + +=SPELLERS--10 Cents Each= + +McGuffey's Revised, Gilbert's School Studies, Modern, Harrington's (2 +parts in one), Babcock's, Patterson's Common School, Reed's, Sheldon's +Word Studies, Swinton's. + + +We can use, in addition to the ones named in this list, all kinds of +dictionaries, late editions of French and German books, Algebras, Latin +and Greek books, and in fact all kinds of late text-books. If you send a +list, prices will be given. + + * * * * * + +Do you Cover your Books? + + THE "ONE PIECE" + ADJUSTABLE BOOK COVERS + +are made of the strongest and best book-cover paper obtainable. This paper +is made in large quantities especially for these book covers and will +protect books perfectly. The book covers themselves are a marvel of +ingenuity, and, although they are in one piece and can be adjusted to fit +perfectly any sized book without cutting the paper, they are also so +simple that any boy or girl can use them; as they are already gummed they +are always ready for use. + +A sample dozen will be mailed to any address for 20 cents (or ten two-cent +stamps) if you write + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON + + 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City + + * * * * * + +=KLEMMS'= + +=RELIEF PRACTICE MAPS.= + + * * * * * + +=LIST OF MAPS.= + + Small size, 9-1/2 x 11 { Plain, 5 cents each. + { With Waterproofed surface 10 " " + + Europe, Asia, Africa; North America, South America, East Central + States, New England, Middle Atlantic States, South Atlantic + States, Palestine, Australia. + + + Large size, 10 x 15 { Plain, 10 cents each. + { With Waterproofed Surface, 15 " " + + United States, British Isles, Roman Empire, Western Europe, + North America, South America, Asia. + + (POSTAGE ON SINGLE MAPS, 5 CENTS.) + + * * * * * + +"I would advise =Sunday-school teachers= to use, in connection with the +lessons of 1897, =Klemm's Relief Map of the Roman Empire=. Every scholar +who can draw should have a copy of it. Being blank, it can be beautifully +colored: waters, blue; mountains, brown; valleys, green; deserts, yellow; +cities marked with pin-holes; and the journeys of Paul can be traced upon +it."--MRS. WILBUR F. CRAFTS, _President International Union of +Primary Sabbath-School Teachers of the United States_. + + * * * * * + +=DESCRIPTION OF THE MAPS.= + +These maps are made in two forms, both with beautifully executed relief +(embossed)--the cheaper ones of plain stiff paper similar to drawing paper +(these are to be substituted for and used as outline map blanks), the +others covered with a durable waterproof surface, that can be quickly +cleaned with a damp sponge, adapted to receive a succession of markings +and cleansings. Oceans, lakes, and rivers, as well as land, appear in the +same color, white, so as to facilitate the use of the map as a +=_geographical slate_=. + + * * * * * + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON + _3 & 5 W. 18th St. ··· New York City_ + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 18, March 11, 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + +***** This file should be named 15386-8.txt or 15386-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/3/8/15386/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. 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