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diff --git a/15109-8.txt b/15109-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ebfd3ce --- /dev/null +++ b/15109-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6137 @@ +The Project Gutenberg eBook, A Woman's Part in a Revolution, by Natalie +Harris Hammond + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + + + + +Title: A Woman's Part in a Revolution + +Author: Natalie Harris Hammond + +Release Date: February 19, 2005 [eBook #15109] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A WOMAN'S PART IN A REVOLUTION*** + + +E-text prepared by Michael Ciesielski, Jeannie Howse, and the Project +Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (https://www.pgdp.net) + + + +A WOMAN'S PART IN A REVOLUTION + +by + +MRS. JOHN HAYS HAMMOND + +Longmans, Green, and Co. +39 Paternoster Row London +New York and Bombay + +1897 + + + + + + + +PREFACE + + +To the American Public, whose sympathy was my chief support through +days of bitter trial, this book is gratefully dedicated. My personal +experience forms the subject of my story. The causes of the Revolt in +Johannesburg, and the ensuing political questions, are but lightly +touched upon, in deference to the silence enforced upon my husband as +one of the terms of his liberation by the Boer Government. + + NATALIE HAMMOND. + + BOUGHTON: BICKLEY, KENT. + February, 1897. + + + + + + +A WOMAN'S PART IN A REVOLUTION + + I hope I may be able to tell the truth always, and to see + it aright according to the eyes which God Almighty gives + me.--THACKERAY. + +I. + + +Totsey the terrier lay blinking in the hot African sun, while Cecilia +Rhodes, the house kitten, languished in a cigar box wrapped about with +twine to represent bars of iron. Above her meek face was a large label +marked 'African Lion.' Her captor, my young son Jack, was out again +among the flower-beds in quest of other big game, armed with my +riding-crop. The canvas awnings flapped gently in the cool breeze. +Every now and then a fan-like arm of one of the large Madeira chairs +would catch the impetus and go speeding down the wide red-tiled +verandah. I looked up from the little garment which I was making, upon +this quiet picture. It was the last restful moment I was to know for +many long months--such months of suffering and agonised apprehension +as God in His mercy sends to few women. + +David, my husband's black coachman, drove rapidly through the gate, +and, coming up to me, handed me a letter. It was from his master and +briefly written. Jameson had crossed the Border; Johannesburg was +filled with strange people, and he thought it wise for me to move with +our family and servants into town. Rooms had been secured for us at +Heath's Hotel, and he would meet us that night at dinner. This summons +was not entirely unexpected. For many months the political kettle had +been simmering. Johannesburg had grown tired of sending petitions in +to the Government to be answered by promises which were never +redeemed. An appalling death-rate of fifty-six in each thousand, +directly traceable to lack of proper sanitation, resulting from bad +government, spurred the general discontent, and a number of +representative citizens, unwilling longer to wait upon gods and +Government, finding all attempts to obtain redress of their grievances +by constitutional means ineffectual, determined to enforce their +demands for right by arms if necessary. As arms for the Uitlander +under the law of the Transvaal could only be obtained by a permit, +guns and ammunition were smuggled into the country, hidden away in oil +tanks and coal cars. + +My husband had vast interests in his charge; many million pounds +sterling had been invested at his instance in the mining industry of +the country, and, actuated by a sense of duty and responsibility to +those who had confided in him, he felt in honour bound to take an +active part in the movement, for the protection and preservation of +the property placed under his control. + +My leaving for the Cape, in case affairs should assume a dangerous +phase, was frequently discussed between us, but I could not make up my +mind to leave my husband, feeling that the separation would be more +trying than if I remained, even should a conflict be forced upon us. +In addition to my wish to be with him, I knew that many of his staff +had their wives and children in Johannesburg, and would be unable to +send them away, and for me, the wife of their chief, 'to bundle to the +rear' would subject my husband, as well as myself, to harsh, and not +unjust, criticism. + +The Leonard Manifesto was published December 26th, setting forth the +demands of the Uitlander. + +'We want,' it reads: + + '1. The establishment of this Republic as a true Republic. + + '2. A Grondwet or constitution which shall be framed by + competent persons selected by representatives of the whole + people, and framed on lines laid down by them; a + constitution which shall be safeguarded against hasty + alteration. + + '3. An equitable Franchise law and fair representation. + + '4. Equality of the Dutch and English languages. + + '5. Responsibility to the Legislature of the heads of the + great departments. + + '6. Removal of religious disabilities. + + '7. Independence of the Courts of Justice, with adequate and + secured remuneration of the judges. + + '8. Liberal and comprehensive education. + + '9. An efficient Civil Service, with adequate provision for + pay and pension. + + '10. Free Trade in South African products.' + +It was further planned to hold another meeting of the 'National +Union,' and afterward make a last demand upon the Government to +redress our wrongs. + +Arrangement meanwhile was made with Dr. Jameson, who was encamped on +the western border of the Republic with a body of the Chartered +Company's troops. In case of a disturbance he was to come to the aid +of Johannesburg with at least a thousand men and 1,500 guns. It was +also distinctly understood between him and the five gentlemen who were +the recognised leaders of the movement, that he should not start until +he had received instructions to do so directly from them. + +I gathered my household about me, explained the situation, and gave +the servants their choice, whether they would go into town or remain +in the house. The four white servants decided to remain, but the +native boys begged leave to depart under various pretexts. One to get +his missis from Pretoria because he was afraid the Boers might kill +her. Another to tell his mother in Natal that he was all right. +Another frankly said, that as the white men were going to fight among +themselves, this was no place for Kaffirs. + +I arranged to leave Mr. Hammond's secretary in charge of the house. +We hastily packed up a few of our most precious belongings, and left, +to take possession of four tiny rooms at the hotel in town. With a +full heart I looked back at my pretty home. The afternoon shadows were +beginning to lengthen; I saw the broad verandah, the long easy chairs +suggestive of rest; my books on the sill of the low bedroom window; +the quiet flower garden, sweet with old-fashioned posies associated +with peace and thrift. We were going to--WHAT? + + + + +II + + +My diary carries the story on:-- + +DECEMBER 30.--We find the town intensely excited, but there is no +disorder. Men are hurrying about in cabs and on foot with +determined-looking faces, but no other visible evidence of the day's +tragedy. + +My husband ran in to see how we were faring about 8 o'clock this +evening. I had not seen him since early morning. He told me that a +Reform Committee had been formed of the leading men of the city. Also +that the Americans had called a meeting in the course of the afternoon +to hear the results of a Special Deputation, consisting of Messrs. +Hennen Jennings and Perkins, to President Kruger. Mr. Jennings +reported the President as having listened to them attentively while +they conveyed to him what they believed to be the sentiment of the +Americans on the Rand. They assured him that, although the Americans +recognised the rights of the Boers as well as those of the Uitlanders, +unless he could in some way meet the demand of the unenfranchised +people of the Transvaal he could not expect their support when the +revolution came. They also told him that the Americans wanted to see +the Republic preserved, but on a truer basis. And when questioned by +the President if in case of rebellion the Americans would be with or +against the Government, they answered bluntly, 'They would be against +the Government.' + +President Kruger dogmatically declared 'this was no time for +discussion, but a time for the people to obey the law,' and with this +they were dismissed. + +A Committee of three is appointed to visit Pretoria to-morrow and +again lay before the President a statement of the demands of the +Uitlanders, the attitude of the Americans and their wish to preserve +the integrity of the Republic, but also to warn him that, if the +Government insists upon ignoring these just demands, and thus +precipitates war, the Americans must array themselves on the side of +the other Uitlanders. + +A large mass meeting is called to receive these gentlemen on their +return from Pretoria and to decide upon the Americans' future course +of action. + +The mail train to Cape Town was crowded with hundreds of +terror-stricken women and children sent away by anxious husbands to a +place of safety. The ordinary accommodation was far too inadequate to +supply the sudden rush. They were crowded like sheep on cattle trucks. +I fear the journey of a thousand miles will be one of great +discomfort.[1] + +There are many anxious souls in Johannesburg to-night. + +Betty and I are sitting up. The night is sultry, and we have dragged +our chairs out on to the verandah which overhangs the street. + +MIDNIGHT.--The town has quieted down. Once a wild horseman clattered +down the street towards the 'Gold Fields' shouting, 'A despatch, men! +a despatch. We've licked the Dutchmen!' A few heads peered out of +windows--but that was all. + +DECEMBER 31.--My husband came in at 4 o'clock this morning, looking +very tired. He was on the point of going to bed, when a messenger came +from the 'Gold Fields' and hurried him away. + +The streets are alive at a very early hour, and the excitement +increases. The Reform Committee sits in perpetual session in the +offices of the 'Gold Fields.' They are appointing sub-committees for +the safeguard and comfort of the town; 51,000_l._ for the relief of +the poor has already been raised. Messengers are sent out to call in +all the women and children from the mines. Arrangements are being made +for the housing and feeding of these. Nothing is forgotten, and +everything goes on with the utmost method and precision. It is like a +great, splendid piece of machinery. + +The merchants have sent up a deputation to try to bring the President +to reason. He has temporarily removed the dues from food stuffs as a +result of the interview. The Government has prohibited all telegraphic +communication. _We are cut off from the world_. + +The Reform Committee repudiates Dr. Jameson's inroad, but publishes +its intention to adhere to the National Union Manifesto, and +'earnestly desires that the inhabitants should refrain from taking any +action which can be construed as an overt act of hostility against the +Government.' A certain tone of security and dignity pervades all the +notices of the Reform Committee. The town is sure of success. + +In order to silence rumours in regard to the hoisting of the English +flag, Mr. Hammond after some difficulty secured a flag of the +Transvaal, and took it into the committee room this morning. The +entire body of men swore allegiance with uncovered heads and upraised +hands. The flag now floats from the roof of the 'Gold Fields.' The +merchants have closed their shops and battened up the windows with +thick boards and plates of corrugated iron. Boer police are withdrawn +from the town. Excitement at fever heat, but everything running +smoothly. No drunkenness nor rioting. The streets are filled with +earnest-looking men. Near the Court House arms are being distributed. +At another point horses are given over to the newly-enrolled +volunteers. + +4 P.M.--I have driven from one end of the town to the other, through +busy crowded streets, without seeing one disorderly person, or being +regarded a second time by one of the thousands of men filing solemnly +past my carriage. They would form into squads and march gravely to +their posts of duty. A splendid-looking set of men, ranging in age +from 25 to 35. Men from every walk in life, professional men, robust +miners, and pale clerks, some among the faces being very familiar. My +eyes filled when I thought of what the future might be bringing them. +At the hotel dinner Mrs. Dodd, Betty and I were the only women +present. The room was crowded with men who spoke excitedly of a +possible war and exchanged specimen cartridges across the table. I +hear that one thousand Lee-Metford rifles have been given out. The +town is now policed by Uitlanders under Trimble. + +The Americans have held another meeting. Five hundred men were +present, and with only five dissenting votes determined to stand by +the Manifesto. After this meeting, the George Washington Corps of 150 +members was formed. + +Following are the names of the various Brigades:-- + +Australian, Scotch, Africander, Cycle, Colonial, Natal, Irish, +Northumbrian, Cornish, and Bettington's Horse and the Ambulance Corps. +Most of the mines are closing down. Women and children are still +flying from the town. Alas! some men, too, who are heartily jeered by +the crowd at the railroad station.[2] + +St. John's Ambulance Society is advertising for qualified nurses or +ladies willing to assist. + +Natives are in a state of great panic. One of the Kaffir servants in +the hotel gave me a tremendous shock this morning by rushing into my +room to fling himself at my feet, sobbing and imploring me not to +allow the Boers to kill him. + +LATER.--The sultry day has cooled down into a calm, moonlit night. + +This evening the Reform Committee received a deputation from the +Government consisting of Messrs. Marais and Malan; these gentlemen +showed their authority from the Government, and were duly accredited. +They are both progressive Boers and highly respected by the +Uitlanders. They stated that they had come with the olive branch, that +the Government had sent them to the Reform Committee to invite a +delegation of that Committee to meet in Pretoria a Commission of +Government officials, with the object of arranging an amicable +settlement of the political questions. They emphatically asserted that +the Government would meet the Reform Committee half-way--that the +Government was anxious to prevent bloodshed, &c. That they could +promise that the Government would redress the Uitlander grievances +upon the lines laid down in the Manifesto, but that of course all the +demands would not be conceded at once, and both sides must be willing +to compromise. The Reform Committee met to consider this proposal, +and after long discussion decided to send a deputation to Pretoria. +These gentlemen leave with Messrs. Malan and Marais on a special train +to-night for Pretoria. + +Johannesburg is quiet as ever was country town. The streets deserted. +Nothing to suggest a city girt around by a cordon of soldiers, and yet +such it is. + +At midnight my husband ran in for a moment to see how we had stood the +strain of the day. + +'Is the news from Jameson really true?' I asked, still hoping it was +rumour. + +'I am afraid so.' + +'And are those heavy wagons just going down the street carrying the +big guns to the outskirts?' + +'Yes. Good-night, dear.' He was gone. + + +FOOTNOTES: + +[Footnote 1: The sufferings of this hapless crowd were acute. +Provisions were hard to obtain at the way stations. The water supply +gave out. A little child died of exposure, and the heart-broken mother +held the lifeless body twenty-four hours on her lap. There was no room +to lay it to one side. Another woman gave birth to an infant.] + +[Footnote 2: The Cornish miners were politely presented at Kimberley +and other places en route with bunches of white feathers by the +howling mob. One Cornishman afterwards related that he was pulled out +at every station and made to fight. After the fourth mauling he turned +round and went back to Johannesburg, preferring to take his chances +with the Boers.] + + + + +III + + +January 1, 1896.--With the dawn of day I am out of bed and at the +window waiting for the cry of the newsboy. + +What will the New Year bring us? + +With nervous dread I opened the paper brought to my door. In large +headlines it told of disaster. + +The Natal train filled with refugee women and children has been +wrecked, with great loss of life. The papers say forty have been +killed outright, and many fearfully injured. Entire families have been +wiped out in some cases. Mr. ---- has lost his wife, his sister, and +three little children. This is the result of a Boer concession. The +accident was caused by the Netherlands carriages being poorly built +and top-heavy. In rounding a curve they were swung off the +track--collapsed at once like card-houses, crushing and mangling the +helpless and crowded occupants. + +The deputation to Pretoria did not leave last night, as was expected. +They go this morning instead. + +My husband is greatly disturbed at the delay. He says time is all +important, and the Reform Committee's hands should not be tied while +the Boers gain time. + +Reports of Jameson's meeting the enemy have been amplified. Now it is +said that fifty of his men have been killed and three hundred Boers. +Sir John Willoughby is believed to be shot. + +I drove out to my home to reassure my women, Mr. Sharwood having +brought in word that the coachman Adams had almost caused a panic by +his garish tipsy account of 'what was going on in town,' and 'the many +risks he ran when taking the mistress out.' + +Parker was overjoyed to see me, and so was Totsey. I found all +staunch, and ready, not only to protect themselves, but to fight +anything, particularly the valiant Adams. + +On my way back to town I heard firing beyond the ridge east of us. +Some men at practice probably, but it gave me a wrench and detracted +from Adams's dignified bearing. More organising and drilling of +troops. I hear there is much suffering among them. The book-keeper, +clerks, and indoor men find the unaccustomed exposure and fatigue +trying in the extreme. But they are a plucky lot, and stand for hours +on guard in the scorching sun, and walk miles with their poor +blistered feet with pathetic cheerfulness; swooning in many cases at +their posts rather than give in; to a man, eager to fight. + +Betty and I began our daily visits to the women and children at the +Wanderers' and Tattersall's to-day. At the Wanderers' alone are nearly +three hundred. The wonderful provision made for their health and +comfort spoke well for the intelligence as well as heart of the +Reform Committee, and Mr. Lingham, an American, who has that especial +department in charge. We found the dancing-hall of the Wanderers' +converted into a huge dormitory, the supper-room into a sick ward, and +the skating-rink reserved for women newly confined--fright and +excitement having brought on many premature births. There is a matron +in charge of the sick, and a medical inspector, who comes twice a day +to visit the different wards. I overheard him soundly berate a mother +who kept her children too much indoors. The food was good, and there +was plenty of it. Fresh cow's milk was supplied to the children. I +noticed a large vessel of galvanised iron marked 'Boiled water for +drinking purposes.' The little children were romping and tumbling +about with great energy. The women were wonderfully patient, I +thought, and firm in their adherence to the cause. This in some cases +was but vaguely understood, but there was a general belief that there +was 'goin' to be some fighten,' which was sure to make us all better +off. I heard but one complaint, and that from a hulking slouch of a +man who had sneaked in from duty to take a nap on the foot of his sick +wife's pallet. He complained of the food, showing me the remains of +dainties given out to the sick woman, and _which he had helped her to +eat_. The woman looked up at me with haggard eyes: 'It ain't the +vittles, but the pain that's worrying me, ma'am.' + +A touching sight were the yelping dogs of every breed, family pets +tethered to the fence outside. All canteens are closed by order of the +Reform Committee as a precautionary measure, and where there was doubt +of these precautions being observed, the liquors were bought and +thrown away. + +Hundreds of varying rumours are afloat, which rush and swirl along +until lost in distorting eddies. + +This afternoon a horseman went through the town distributing a +Proclamation from the High Commissioner, Sir Hercules Robinson:-- + + + PROCLAMATION BY + + _His Excellency the Right Hon. Sir Hercules George Robinson, + Bart., Member of Her Majesty's Most Hon. Privy Council, + K.C.B., of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and + St. George, Governor, Commander-in-Chief of Her Majesty's + Colony of the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa, and of the + Territories, Dependencies thereof, Governor of the Territory + of British Bechuanaland, and Her Majesty's Commissioner, + &c., &c_. + + 'Whereas it has come to my knowledge that certain British + subjects, said to be under the leadership of Dr. Jameson, + have violated the territory of the South African Republic, + and have cut telegraph wires, and done various other illegal + acts; and + + 'Whereas the South African Republic is a friendly State in + amity with Her Majesty's Government; and whereas it is my + desire to respect the independence of the said State: + + 'Now therefore I hereby command the said Dr. Jameson and all + persons accompanying him, to immediately retire from the + territory of the South African Republic, on pain of the + penalties attached to their illegal proceedings; and I do + further hereby call upon all British subjects in the South + African Republic to abstain from giving the said Dr. Jameson + any countenance or assistance in his armed violation of the + territory of a friendly State. + + 'GOD SAVE THE QUEEN. + + 'Given under my hand and seal this 31st day of December, + 1895. + + 'HERCULES ROBINSON, + 'High Commissioner. + + 'By command of His Excellency the High Commissioner.' + + +Johannesburg is dumfounded! + +The sixth edition of the 'Star' this evening says that Jameson is only +fifteen miles away, and that he has had a second encounter with the +Boers. The populace has recovered from the Proclamation, and their +wild enthusiasm can scarcely be restrained. They want to go out to +meet Jameson and bring him in with triumphal outcry. It is hard to be +only a 'she-thing' and stay in the house with a couple of limber-kneed +men, when such stirring happenings are abroad. + +11 P.M.--Mr. Lionel Phillips has just addressed the crowd collected +around the 'Gold Fields' waiting for news. He told them that the +Reform Committee Delegation--of which he was one--had been received +with courtesy by the Government Commission, the Chief Justice of the +Republic acting as chairman. + +They were assured that their proposals should be earnestly considered. +Mr. Phillips then explained what was wanted, and reiterated the Reform +Committee's determination to stand by the Manifesto. He also told the +Commission that the leaders of the Reform Committee had arranged with +Jameson to come to their assistance when necessary, but that +unfortunately he had come before required, probably through some +misunderstanding or false report. While the Reform Committee regretted +Jameson's precipitate action, they would stand by him. And as they had +no means of stopping him they offered to prove their good faith by +giving their own persons as hostages that Jameson should leave +Johannesburg peacefully if he were allowed to come in unmolested. This +offer was rejected by the Commission, but a list of the names of the +Reform Committee was asked for.[3] + +As a result of this interview the Government decided to accept the +offer made by Her Majesty's High Commissioner to come to Pretoria to +settle differences and avoid bloodshed. An armistice was then agreed +upon pending the High Commissioner's arrival. Mr. Phillips was often +interrupted by the crowd, some with cheers and others hooting. One +voice called out, 'And how about Jameson?' Mr. Phillips answered, 'I +am instructed by the Reform Committee to state to you, as I did to the +Government, that we intend to stand by Jameson. Gentlemen, I now call +upon you to give three cheers for Dr. Jameson.' There was prolonged +and enthusiastic cheering. + +The Reform Committee has sent out J.J. Lace to escort a messenger from +the British Agent, who carries the Proclamation, and also to explain +the situation to Dr. Jameson. + +It is said that Lieutenant Eloff was captured by Jameson some miles +beyond Krugersdorp. Eloff declaring he had official orders to obstruct +his advance, Jameson expressed his determination to go on, but added +that he had no hostile intentions against the Government. + +JANUARY 2.--Betty and I sat up all night. The excitement is too +intense to admit of hunger or fatigue. We know nothing beyond the +rumours of the street. Jameson is said to be at Langlaagte, fighting +his way into town, the Boers in hot pursuit. + +Mademoiselle has asked leave to go to the Convent to make her will. + +In the streets, private carriages, army wagons, Cape carts and +ambulances graze wheels. Every hour or two a fresh edition of the +'Star' is published; public excitement climbing these bulletins, like +steps on a stair. We sit a half-dozen women in the parlour at Heath's +Hotel. Two sisters weep silently in a corner. Their father is manager +of the 'George and May'; a battle has been fought there a couple of +hours ago. No later news has come to them. A physician, with a huge +red-cross badge around his arm, puts his head in at the door, and +tells his wife that he is going out with an ambulance to bring in the +wounded. At this we are whiter than before, if it were possible. + +Poor Mademoiselle returned an hour ago and was obliged to go to bed, +done up with the nervous tension. + +Jacky is loose on the community; in spite of energetic endeavours +(accompanied by the laying-on of hands in my case) his Aunt Betty and +I cannot restrain his activity. He is intimate with the frequenters of +the hotel bar, and on speaking terms with half the town. The day seems +endless. + +Things have gone so far, men want the issue settled, and perhaps the +irresponsible are eager for a little blood-letting; there are certain +primitive instincts which are latent in us all, and the thought of war +is stimulating. + +Mr. Lace returned this afternoon and reported that he had ridden +through the lines to Jameson. He had had very little speech with the +doctor, as the time was short, and the messenger bearing the +proclamation of the High Commissioner was also present. Jameson asked +where the troops were. Lace told him that he could not rely on any +assistance from the Uitlanders, as they were unprepared, and an +armistice had been declared between the Boer Government and the people +of Johannesburg. + +LATER.--News is brought of a battle fought at Doornkop this forenoon, +and _Jameson has surrendered_. Johannesburg has gone mad. + +MIDNIGHT.--My husband has just come in, his face as white and drawn as +a death mask. + +We talked earnestly, and then I insisted upon his going to bed, and +for the first time in three days he drew off his clothes and lay down +to rest. The exhausted man now sleeps heavily; I sit beside him +writing by the spluttering candle. Now, while it is fresh in my mind, +I am trying to put down all that I have just heard from my husband. + +He told me the Reform Committee were greatly surprised when they +received the report of Mr. Lace, as Jameson had no right to expect +aid and succour from Johannesburg for the following reasons:-- + +_First_.--In answer to a telegram from Jameson, expressing +restlessness at the delay, my husband wired him on December 27 a +vigorous protest against his coming. + +_Second_.--Strong and emphatic messages were taken by Major Heaney, +one of Jameson's own officers, to the same effect, also by Mr. Holden. +Major Heaney went by special train from Kimberley, and Mr. Holden on +horseback across country. + +These messages informed Dr. Jameson that the time had not arrived for +his coming; that the people of Johannesburg were without arms, and +that his coming would defeat the aim and purposes of the whole +movement; and, further, that he could not expect any aid or +co-operation from the people of Johannesburg. + +Notwithstanding all this, Jameson left Pitsani Sunday night, and the +first intimation which Johannesburg had of his advance was through +telegrams received Monday afternoon. + +The Reform Committee, thus informed of Jameson's coming, and knowing +that he was fully aware of their unarmed condition, believed that he +relied only on his own forces to reach Johannesburg; and the Committee +were assured by Major Heaney and Captain White (two of Jameson's +officers, the latter having two brothers with the invading force) that +no Boer force could stop him in his march; and this was confirmed by +one of Jameson's troopers, who came from him this morning of the +surrender, and reported that he was getting along well; that, although +his horses were tired, he would reach Johannesburg within a few hours, +and that he needed no assistance. + +The hope of the Committee was that, after receiving the proclamation +of the High Commissioner, Jameson would retrace his steps instead of +pushing on. + +Monday, when we first heard of his starting, there were only 1,000 +guns, and very little ammunition in the country, and these were +hidden away at the different mines. One thousand five hundred more +guns arrived next day. So desperate was the extremity, these guns were +smuggled in at great risk of being discovered by the Boer Custom House +officials, under a thin covering of coke on ordinary coal cars. But +for the bold courage of several men, who rushed the coke through, they +would have fallen into the hands of the Boers. The leaders had taken +as few men as was possible into their confidence, so as to reduce to a +minimum all liability of their plans being discovered by the +Government. They had made almost no organisation, and Jameson's sudden +oncoming placed them in a terrible position. To confess at this +juncture that the Reform Committee was short of guns would have +demoralised the people, and placed Johannesburg entirely at the mercy +of the Boers. These leaders played a losing game with splendid +courage. Realising that all would be lost if the true situation were +suspected, and feeling the fearful responsibility of their position, +they kept their counsel, and turned bold faces to the world, +continuing to treat with Government with the independence of +well-armed men, and men ready to fight. + +When the news of Jameson's surrender was confirmed this evening, the +surging crowd around the 'Gold Fields' became an excited and dangerous +mob. Pressing thickly together, in their frenzy, they began to mutter +threats against the Reform Committee, and demanded, 'Where is Jameson? +We thought you promised to stand by Jameson! Why didn't you give us +guns and let us go out to help Jameson?' + +Plans were made to blow up the 'Gold Fields' where the Reformers sat +in session. Several gentlemen of the Committee essayed to speak from +the windows, but were received with howls and curses from the stormy +tumult below. At last Mr. Samuel Jameson, brother to Dr. Jameson, made +himself heard:-- + +'I beg you, for my brother's sake, to maintain a spirit of calm +restraint. We have done everything in our power for him, and used our +very best judgment. In face of the complicated circumstances, no other +course could have been taken.' + +It was as oil on the troubled waters. + + JANUARY 3.-- + + FROM THE REFORM COMMITTEE. + +The Reform Committee issued the following notice at noon:-- + + '_Resolved_: That in view of the declaration by the + Transvaal Government to Her Majesty's Agent that the + mediation of the High Commissioner has been accepted, and + that no hostile action will be taken against Johannesburg + pending the results of these negotiations, the Committee + emphatically direct that under no circumstances must any + hostile action be taken by the supporters of the Reform + Committee, and that in the event of aggressive action being + taken against them, a flag of truce be shown, and the + position explained. + + 'In order to avoid any possibility of collision, definite + orders have been given. The matter is now left with the + mediation of the High Commissioner, and any breach of the + peace in the meanwhile would be an act of bad faith. + + 'By order of the Committee.' + + +Deep and universal depression follows upon the great excitement. +Jameson and his men are prisoners of war in Pretoria. Armed Boer +troops encircle the town. + +One man said to me to-day: 'If we do get the franchise after losing +only thirty men, how much we will have gained and at how cheap a +price.' + +It was a man's view; birth and death could never mean so little to a +woman! + +JANUARY 4.--The High Commissioner has arrived at Pretoria. + +They say poor Dr. Jameson is greatly dejected, and never speaks to a +soul. + +JANUARY 5.--This beautiful Sunday, quiet and serene, dawns upon us +free of the sounds of the past week. No cries of newspaper boys nor +hurry of wheels. A couple of bands of recruits drilled for a while +sedately on Government Square, and then marched away. It is wonderful +to an American woman, who still retains a vivid recollection of +Presidential Elections, to see two warring factions at the most +critical point of dispute mutually agree to put down arms and wait +over the Sabbath, and more wonderful yet seems the self-restraint of +going without the daily paper. The George Washington Corps attended a +special service. The hymns were warlike and the sermon strong and +anything but pacific. + +JANUARY 6.--The Government issues an ultimatum: Johannesburg must lay +down its arms. + +The letter of invitation signed by Messrs. Charles Leonard, Francis +Rhodes, Lionel Phillips, John Hays Hammond and George Farrar, inviting +Dr. Jameson to come to the succour of Johannesburg under certain +contingencies, was printed in this morning's paper. It was picked up +on the battlefield, in a leathern pouch, supposed to be Dr. Jameson's +saddle-bag. _Why in the name of all that is discreet and honourable +didn't he eat it!_ + +Two messengers from the High Commissioner, Sir Jacobus de Wet, the +British Agent, and Sir Sydney Shippard, were received by the Reform +Committee this morning. De Wet told them that Johannesburg must lay +down its arms to save Jameson and his officers' lives; that unless +they complied with this appeal, which he made on behalf of the High +Commissioner, who was in Pretoria ready to open negotiations, +Johannesburg would be responsible for the sacrifice of Jameson and his +fellow prisoners. It would be impossible for the Government to conduct +negotiations with the High Commissioner for redress of grievances +until arms were laid down. He urged them to comply with this appeal to +prevent bloodshed, and promised that they could depend upon the +protection of the High Commissioner, and that not 'a hair of their +heads would be touched.' After much discussion, the Committee agreed +to lay down their arms. + +Betty and Mrs. Clement were busy all the morning giving out books and +flowers which had been generously sent by various ladies and +commercial firms for distribution among the women and children at the +Wanderers' and Tattersall's. Betty says the women were most grateful. +They are busy, hard-working women, and the enforced leisure is very +trying to them. She spoke with the manager of Tattersall's; he thanked +her for her gifts, remarking, with some weariness in his tone: 'You +don't know, Miss, how hard it is to keep the women amused and +contented--and several of them have been confined!' as if that, too, +were a proof of insubordination. + +My husband tells me that the Committee is to hold a meeting at +midnight, and another at six to-morrow morning. He says that Lionel +Phillips nearly fainted from exhaustion to-day. Mr. Phillips is +consistent and brave, and George Farrar, too, is proving himself a +hero. Dear old Colonel, with the kind thoughtfulness so characteristic +of him, never fails to ask how we are bearing the trial. + +JANUARY 7.--Sir Jacobus de Wet and Sir Sydney Shippard addressed the +populace from the Band Club balcony, exhorting them to accept the +ultimatum. + +LATER.--I have had such a reassuring conversation with Sir Sydney +Shippard this evening. He is a most intelligent man, and speaks with +such fluent decisiveness that all he says carries conviction. I am +told that Sir Jacobus's speech was a rambling, poor affair and weak; +the crowd showed a restlessness that at one time threatened to become +dangerous. He was fortunately pulled down by his coat-tails before the +crowd lost self-control. + +Sir Sydney's speech, on the contrary, was strong and full of feeling. +He told the people that he sympathised deeply with them in their +struggle for what he believed to be their just rights, but that being +an English Government official he could take no part. He reminded them +that Jameson was lying in prison, his life and the lives of his +followers in great jeopardy. The Government had made one condition for +his safety: the giving up of their arms. 'Deliver them up to your High +Commissioner, and not only Jameson and his men will be safe, but also +the welfare of those concerned in this movement--I mean the leaders.' +He continued: 'I, whose heart and soul are with you, say again that +you should follow the advice of the High Commissioner, and I beg you +to go home and to your ordinary avocations; deliver up your arms to +your High Commissioner, and if you do that you will have no occasion +to repent it.' + +JANUARY 8.--Arms are being delivered up. About 1,800 guns already +handed in. The Government assert that we are not keeping our agreement +and are holding back the bulk of the guns. My husband tells me that +these are being given up as fast as possible, but that there are not +over 2,700 among the entire Uitlander population. The Reform Committee +has assured the High Commissioner that they are keeping good faith, +but that they never had more than about 2,700. The disarmament is +universally considered the first step to an amicable settlement. The +Reform Committee has sent out orders and the guns are coming quietly +in. Everybody feels a certain relief now that the strain is eased; the +members of the Committee are dropping down into all sorts of odd +places to make up for the lost sleep of the past week. Dozens are +stretched on the floor of the club rooms. Some steady-going gentlemen +of abstemious habit are unprejudiced enough to allow themselves to be +found under the tables wrapped in slumber as profound as that of +infancy. + +In contrast to my feelings of yesterday I am almost joyous. But for +poor impetuous Jameson and the newly dead and wounded of Doornkop, I +could laugh again. + +The women are going back to the mines. Many brave little men who have +remained in the shade to comfort their wives now step boldly to the +front and tell us what they would have done if it had really come to a +question of fighting. There is so much talk of _moral courage_ from +these heroes, I fear it is the only kind of courage which they +possess. One gentleman, not conspicuous for his bravery during the +preceding days, gravely said to me: 'If there had been war, I wonder +if I should have had the moral courage to keep out of the fight?' I +looked into his face, and, seeing there his character, answered with +dryness, 'Oh! I suspect you would.' He was too complaisant to +appreciate the sarcasm. God made little as well as great things! I +suppose we should love all humanity, even if it be in the spirit of a +collector of curios. + +The protracted excitement has caused several deaths from heart +failure, and I heard of two cases of acute mania. There would +doubtless have been a far greater mortality but for the fact that +Johannesburg is populated by young and, for the most part, vigorous +men and women. + +I hear that Dr. Jameson answered, when asked after his first night in +the Pretoria jail if there was anything he would like to have, +'Nothing, thank you, but flea powder.' + +I sat on the verandah with Sir Sydney Shippard and Betty this evening +and watched the 'Zarps'[4] take control of the town. There was no +remonstrance on the part of the populace. + +LATER.--It is rumoured that a Commando of Boers will attack the town +to-night. The place is practically defenceless; most of the men having +returned to their work and the companies being disbanded.[5] + +JANUARY 9.--There is a fearful impression abroad this morning that the +Reform Committee, or at least the leaders, will be arrested. My +husband comforts me by saying the Government could not pursue such a +course after having recognised the Reform Committee and offered not +only to consider, but reform the grievances which have brought all +this trouble about. He declares that Great Britain would not allow +this after commanding her subjects to disarm and promising them her +protection, and to see that their wrongs were righted. + +'It would be the worst sort of faith,' he insists. + +NOON.--The situation is very strained. I can see that my husband is +trying to prepare me for his possible arrest. 'It will merely be a +matter of form.' Ah me! I can read in his grave face another truth. +May God in His mercy grant us a happy issue out of all our +afflictions. + +At a quarter to ten on the night of January 9, my husband, with two +dozen others of the Reform Committee, was arrested and thrown into +jail on the charge of rebellion and high treason. They had heard that +this was probable several hours earlier in the day. + +The four leaders were secretly offered a safe conduct over the border, +but refused to forsake their comrades and the Cause. Leaving word +where he was to be found, and with the further stipulation that no +handcuffs were to be used in his arrest, or 'he would blow the brains +out of the first man who approached him,' my husband hastened to +break the news gently to us. I packed a tiny handbag with necessaries +and filled his pockets with cakes of chocolate; chocolate was +nourishing, and would sustain a hungry man hours, even days. We sat +down hand in hand to wait for the officer, Betty in delicacy having +left us alone together. + +The Australians were giving a banquet below stairs, and as we clung to +each other we could hear their shouts of boisterous mirth and +hand-clapping. We started up at a tap on the door. A friend to tell us +the officer was waiting at the street entrance. I helped my husband +into his coat and we kissed each other good-bye. He was filled with +solicitude for me. My thoughts were of the two thousand excited Boers +laagered between Johannesburg and Pretoria, but recollection of my +unborn child steadied me and gave me self-command. + +Kind Mrs. Heath came to me, and, putting her arms about my shoulders, +led me gently back into the bedroom, 'Mrs. Heath, will you please +tell my sister-in-law that I am alone?' and Betty knew what had +happened and came to me at once. Some time later Mr. John Stroyan +brought a note from my husband:-- + + Johannesburg Jail--2 A.M. + + 'We are well--a couple of dozen--waiting for the train to + Pretoria. Don't worry. + + 'Yours, J.H.H.' + +Then nature came to my relief. My overtaxed nerves refused to bear any +more--they were paralysed. I threw myself across the foot of my little +boy's bed, and lay like a dead woman until the morning broke.... + +Many days afterward I heard further details of the arrest. Some of the +incidences were amusing, as was the polite borrowing and making use of +Mr. King's carriage--he being one of the Reformers--for conveyance of +the prisoners to the gaol. At the Rand Club there was so large a +collection of Reformers, that the carriages, even over-crowded, could +not carry them all. Lieuts. de Korte and Pietersen, the officers in +charge, said in the most friendly manner, 'Very well, gentlemen, some +of you must wait until we can come back for you.' And they _did_ wait. +Colonel Rhodes was taken from his own home; roused from his bed, he +stood brushing his hair with martial precision, and expressing to the +officer his regret at putting him to the trouble of waiting while he +dressed, Mr. Seymour Fort meanwhile packing his valise. 'Fort, old +man, put in some books,' said the Colonel, who is a great reader; 'all +the books you can find;' and Mr. Fort threw in book after book--big +ones and little ones; and for this lavish provision the poor Colonel +paid dearly some hours later, in company with several husbands, whose +wives in excess of tenderness had provided them with every known +toilette luxury filled into silver-topped cut crystal bottles. The +sight of these afflicted men carrying their heavy burdens from the +station to the prison at Pretoria was both amusing and dramatic. At +times their speech reached the epic. + +The sad side was poor Sam Jameson, crippled and broken with +rheumatism--a seriously ill man--accompanied to the very prison gates +by his ever-faithful wife; and the second lot of Reformers, sent to +Pretoria the following morning, met with an experience which some of +them have never since been able to speak of without turning white. By +the hour of their arrival the whole country round about Pretoria knew +of their coming, and a large and violent mob was gathered at the +railroad station to receive them. Through some misadventure, an +inadequate guard was detailed to march them to the gaol. The prisoners +were set upon by the mob, reviled, stoned, and spat upon, the officers +in charge trampling them under their horses' hoofs, in their vain and +excited endeavours to protect them. The poor prisoners reached the +jail in a full run, bruised and breathless, but thankful for the +asylum the prison door afforded them from their merciless pursuers. +They were quickly locked into cells. For many hours they had not +tasted food. The first Reformers imprisoned slipped in to them a part +of their own provisions, but as it was quickly and stealthily done one +cell would receive the pannikin of meat, another the tin of potatoes, +&c. The cells were in a filthy condition. As has been truly said, a +Boer prison is not built for gentlemen. It was an unavoidable +misfortune that this prison, which had up to this time housed only +refractory Kaffirs, should by force of circumstance become the +domicile for six long dreary months, and through a hot tropical +summer, of gentlemen nurtured in every decency. Captain Mein told me +that he stood the greater part of that first night rather than sit +upon the filthy floor, but exhaustion at length conquered his +repugnance. These were times which proved men's natures. It distilled +the very essence of a man, and if anywhere in his make-up was the salt +of selfishness, it was pretty sure to appear. Many who before had +appreciated Charlie Butter's open hospitality, realised now that it +was more than kindliness which prompted him to give up his last +swallow of whisky to a man who was older or weaker than himself. And +they tell me that my own good man's cheery spirits helped along many a +fellow of more biliary temperament. + +The four leaders were put into a cell 11 feet by 11 feet, which was +closed in by an inner court. There was no window, only a narrow grille +over the door. The floor was of earth and overrun by vermin. Of the +four canvas cots two were blood-stained, and all hideously dirty. They +were locked in at 6 o'clock--one of them ill with dysentery--and there +they remained sweltering and gasping through the tropical night until +six of the morning. For two weeks they remained in this cell. +Meanwhile, I knew nothing of my husband's plight, being mercifully +deceived by both him and our friends, every day Mr. Heath bringing to +Parktown telegrams from my husband assuring me of his good treatment +by the Government, and imploring me not to worry. + +The Reform Committee consisted of seventy-eight members; sixty-four +were arrested. One of this number subsequently committed suicide in a +temporary fit of insanity caused by protracted anxiety and prison +hardship. + +The Committee was composed of men of many nationalities and various +professions--lawyers, doctors, and, with only one or two exceptions, +all the leading mining men on the Rand. The Young Men's Christian +Association was well represented, and a Sunday-school Superintendent +was one of the list. + +I returned to my home, and was in the doctor's care, and attended by a +professional nurse. + +By my Journal I see how good was Mr. Seymour Fort and how faithful Mr. +Manion, the American Consular Agent, during this time of trial. From +the flat of my back I listened to and took into consideration many +plans suggested for the liberation of my husband. One lady proposed +getting up a petition, which she would take to England to the Queen. +It was to be headed with my name, as wife of one of the leaders: Mrs. +Lionel Phillips being in Europe, and Mrs. George Farrar at the Cape; +Colonel Rhodes a bachelor. I had small hopes of the success of things +which had to be sent to Court, or placed before Courts. The subject +was dismissed. + +Then there was another plan thought out by a very shrewd man, and +brought to my bedside, 'news which concerns your husband' being a +passport to any one. I was to go at once to Cape Town, see Mr. Cecil +Rhodes, and demand one hundred thousand dollars from him. + +'What for?' I asked. + +'You see,' said the gentleman, 'your husband and those other men are +going to be tried _sure_, and we need money to lobby Pretoria.' + +I was stupid--it was my first Revolution--and I hadn't the least idea +what lobbying Pretoria meant. My friend gave me a sketchy view of its +meaning, and assured me it was usually done in grave cases. + +'But it will kill me to leave my bed and start for Cape Town +to-morrow,' I exclaimed. + +My adviser delicately hinted that my husband's life was of more value +than my own. On this point we agreed. I was to make Mr. Rhodes +understand that we didn't want any more 'tom-fool military men up here +to ball up the game.' + +He was to give the money to me unconditionally, to be disbursed as my +friend saw fit. We rehearsed the part several times; I was hopelessly +dull! + +'And now,' he questioned, 'if Rhodes refuses to give you the money, +what will you do?' + +I thought of Jael and Charlotte Corday, and all the other women who +had to do with history, and said, 'I suppose I'll have to shoot him.' + +My preceptor looked discouraged. We went over the part once again. + +It is but fair to say that he had made every provision for my comfort. +Attendants were ready, and at the right moment I have no doubt but +that a neat pine coffin could have been produced. Reflection, however, +showed me the inadvisability of this project; but I was happily spared +the embarrassment of drawing back from promised compliance. + +There was a higher power ruling. The next morning's papers announced +the sailing of C.J. Rhodes for England. + +The morning of January 10th, Johannesburg disarmed, and the Reformers +in prison, the President of the Transvaal Republic issued a +proclamation offering pardon to all who should lay down their arms, +and declaring them to be exempt from prosecution on account of what +had occurred at Johannesburg--'_with the exception of all persons or +bodies who may appear to be principal criminals, leaders, instigators, +or perpetrators of the troubles at Johannesburg and suburbs_. Such +persons or bodies will justify themselves before the legal and +competent Courts of this Republic' + +The principal criminals, leaders, instigators, or perpetrators were +the same to whom was tendered the olive-branch brought from Pretoria +by Messrs. Malan and Marais, acting envoys by the unanimous vote of +the Executive; and three of these same principal criminals, leaders, +instigators, or perpetrators were received seven days since, as +representatives of the Reform Committee, in a conciliatory spirit by +the Government's Special Commission, and told that their demands would +be earnestly considered. During the intervening seven days Dr. Jameson +had been conquered at Doornkop and made a prisoner of the State. The +Reform Committee, in obedience to Sir Jacobus de Wet's long and prolix +solicitation, and the strong appeal of Sir Sydney Shippard, assuring +them that Jameson's life was in imminent danger, and the Government +had made Johannesburg's disarmament the one condition of his safety, +laid down their arms to preserve the life of a man already protected +by the terms of his own surrender. 'Placing themselves,' cables the +High Commissioner to Mr. Chamberlain, 'and their interests +unreservedly in my hands, in the fullest confidence that I will see +justice done them.' The sixty-four Reformers were then promptly driven +into jail, and their property placed under an interdict. + +Six months later, the four principal leaders were tried and sentenced +to be hanged by their necks until they were dead, by a judge _brought +from a neighbouring Republic, the Orange Free State_, for that +purpose. + + +FOOTNOTES: + +[Footnote 3: This list was used as a roll-call a week later in the +arrest of the Sixty-four members.] + +[Footnote 4: Abbreviated term for South African police.] + +[Footnote 5: The following cablegram will show that there were very +substantial grounds for the rumour:-- + +'Sir Hercules Robinson (Pretoria) to Mr. Chamberlain.--8th +January--No. 3. Since my telegram No. 1 of this morning matters have +not been going so smoothly. When the Executive Council met I received +a message that only 1,814 rifles and three Maxim guns had been +surrendered, which the Government of the South African Republic did +not consider a fulfilment of the ultimatum, and orders would be +immediately issued to a Commando to attack Johannesburg. I at once +replied that the ultimatum required the surrender of guns and +ammunition for which no permit of importation had been obtained, and +that onus rested with the Transvaal Government to show that guns and +ammunition were concealed for which no permit had been issued. If +before this was done any hostile step were taken against Johannesburg +I should consider it a violation of the undertaking for which I had +made myself personally responsible to the people of Johannesburg, and +I should leave the issue in the hands of Her Majesty's Government ...'] + + + + +IV + + +SUNDAY, JANUARY 12.--Mr. and Mrs. Perkins called this morning to +advise Betty's not going immediately to Pretoria, as was her +intention. Mr. Perkins said that the Boer feeling was very bitter, and +foreign women were insulted in the streets. Advocate Wessels has also +written to me, insisting upon my waiting two or three days, as my +presence in Pretoria could do no good, and might prejudice my +husband's cause. A little trunk was packed and sent to my husband last +night. I got out of bed to superintend, and felt tragically tender as +I watched the things laid in. A fresh suit of clothes, some personal +and bed linen, towels, shoes, family photographs, flea powder, +ginger-snaps, beef essence, soap, my little down pillow, and his +beloved and well-read Shakespeare. I was able to sit up for an hour +this afternoon to receive Sir Sydney Shippard, Mr. Seymour Fort, and +Mr. Manion. + +Yesterday the Governor of Natal, Sir Walter Hely Hutchinson, started +for Pretoria to confer with the High Commissioner in regard to the +transport of Dr. Jameson and his men through Natal. They are to be +handed over to the English Government. + +Search parties of mounted Boers are going about looking for hidden +guns. The Robinson Mine seems to be the spot most suspected. + +Yesterday's 'Volksstem'--a Government organ--recalled to the minds of +the Boers the Slachter Nek affair of eighty years ago--a story of +Boers hung by Englishmen for their insistence in punishing a negro +slave according to established custom. What a cruel sinister +suggestion underlies this![6] + +Keen resentment is felt here against the young German Emperor and his +indiscreet message to Kruger. I never dreamed years ago, when I used +to see him, a tall, slender-legged boy in Berlin, that in maturity I +should have so strong a desire to chastise him. England has +commissioned a Flying Squadron, and the forces at Cape Town are to be +strongly augmented. + +JANUARY 13.--Mr. Manion showed me to-day a cable from the United +States Secretary of State, Mr. Olney. 'Take instant measures to +protect John Hays Hammond, and see that he has fair play.' It brought +such a feeling of confidence and comfort! All he wants _is_ fair play, +and I pray to God that he may be protected until he gets it. + +Many business meetings had to be postponed to-day on account of the +large number of influential men in jail. I hear from Mr. ---- that on +Thursday and Friday it was most difficult to keep the Boers from +storming the town. President Kruger dissuaded them by promising each a +new suit of clothes. These they have since been seen carrying, tied +to the cantle of their saddles. + +Feeling is strong and bitter against the leaders; they are held +responsible for all the trouble brought about by the Jameson invasion. + +Commandant Cronje's Burgher force paraded the street this +morning--they are the men who captured Jameson. Jameson is the god of +the hour, and Johannesburg resented the intrusion; but for the sake of +their hero, still in the power of the Government, there was no +indication of intolerance beyond a few audible sarcasms; remarks which +were answered in kind by the Burghers. + +Betty says they were an interesting-looking body of men; +strong-framed, heavy-featured, with long unkempt hair and beards. They +rode shaggy, moth-eaten-looking little ponies, each man with a bundle +of hay bound to his saddle and a sausage in his wallet. Fathers among +them as hale as the brawny sons by their sides. They looked capable +of any amount of fatigue. + +Numbers of stray dogs and cats attest the many deserted homes. + +JANUARY 15.--Every train brings women and children, hobby-horses and +canary birds back to their homes in Johannesburg. Betty has returned, +accompanied by Mr. Seymour Port, from Pretoria. She gives a very +spirited account of her visit. Through Mr. Sauer, one of the advocates +retained by the Reformers, a visiting permit was obtained. She and Mr. +Fort were obliged to wait several hours, in company with a crowd of +wives, at the prison gates, under a broiling sun. All were loaded down +with offerings. + +Betty's own donation was several green-lined umbrellas (a god-send in +a whitewashed court beat upon by a tropical sun). After being admitted +each lady was taken into a private room and 'felt all over by a Boer +woman,' who was so fat, Betty declares, 'she must have grown up in +the room, as she could not possibly have got through the door, even +sideways.' + +In the prison court the prisoners were sitting about in great +diversity of costume, pyjamas predominating. The weather was +suffocatingly hot. To while away the tedious time some were playing +marbles, others reading, and a few of the most active brains on the +Rand were caught dozing at midday, in a strip of shadow the width of +one's hand, the sole shade in the whole enclosure. Colonel Bettington +sat on a bench near the entrance in a peculiar and striking costume +which proved to be, to those who had courage to linger and analyse, +pyjama drawers rolled to the knees, a crash towel draped with happy +blending of coolness and perfect propriety around body, noble Bedouin +arrangement of wet crash towel on head, single eyeglass in eye, merry +smile. Mr. Lace was the only one of the company who could suddenly +have been set down in Piccadilly without confusion to himself and +beholders. He wore a neat brown suit, pale pink shirt, and a +_stylish_ straw sailor hat. The prisoners showed a touching interest, +Betty says, in the distribution of their gifts. One husband asked his +wife almost before she was within arm's length what she had brought +him. She had brought him a box of Pasta Mack tabloids, and +unfortunately there was not at that time a bath in the whole prison. +Another gentleman was presented with a Cologne spray. He was the envy +of the jail; within twenty-four hours every Cologne spray in Pretoria +was bought up and in the possession of the Reform Committee. + +The four leaders are kept apart. After much ceremony my husband was +allowed to see his sister at the door of the inner court where they +are housed. Jameson and his men are in a tiny cottage by themselves, +and no communication whatever is allowed between the prisoners. +Arrangements have been made with the authorities to allow food to be +served to the Reformers from the Pretoria Club at the prisoners' +expense. The head jailer, Du Plessis, is a cousin of Kruger's. A +ponderous man with a wild beard, a blood-shot eye, and a heavy voice. +He is said to have gone to the President several days after the arrest +and said, 'Those men are not like us, they are gentlemen, and cannot +stand such hardships.' $250,000,000 are estimated as being represented +by the men within the four walls of the Pretoria jail. + +President Kruger suggests the adjournment of the Volksraad. Every one +feels this to be a wise move while party spirit runs so high. The +Hollanders in the Transvaal are much more rabid against the Reformers +than the Boers. + +Mr. Chamberlain has cabled to the High Commissioner respecting the +leaders in the recent rising. He points out that their imprisonment +may disorganise the mining industry, and inquires as to what will be +the likely penalties. + +America has asked Great Britain to protect Americans arrested in +Johannesburg. I hear that a Burgher, who saw some of the great iron +pipes of the Waterworks Company being put in the ground, reached +Pretoria in a state of intense excitement, exclaiming that he had seen +'miles of big guns at Johannesburg.' + +Mr. Andrew Trimble, chief detective and head of the Uitlander police, +quitted Johannesburg the night of the arrest with much precipitation; +unfortunately, before indeed he had filed away his most important +private papers. Following his hasty flight his office was carefully +guarded by Zarps; no one was allowed to enter--'Oh yes, the Kaffir boy +might go in to clean up.' A good friend of Mr. Trimble's, with stern +aspect, instructed the boy to make a 'good job' of the room and burn +all the papers strewn over the floor and desks. This was faithfully +done by the unconscious negro, to the entire satisfaction of all save +the Zarps in charge. + +It is said Dr. Jameson entered the Transvaal with his despatch-box +filled with important papers in cypher, _and the cypher code with +it_. I cannot believe this of any man in his sound senses. + +The High Commissioner left Pretoria by special train yesterday. This +was the man who offered his service as Mediator and was accepted by +both Uitlander and Boer. To placate the Boer he refrained from +visiting Dr. Jameson and his men imprisoned at Pretoria, nor did he +permit Sir Jacobus de Wet to visit them. He never acquainted himself +with the terms of Dr. Jameson's surrender. He commanded Johannesburg +to disarm to appease the Boer, and this being successfully +accomplished through the self-control of the Reform Committee, he +departed with his gout and other belongings, leaving the unarmed +betrayed Reformers to shift for themselves. Was this being a Mediator? + + +FOOTNOTES: + +[Footnote 6: This affair was the result of an interference by the +English. It arose out of the ill-treatment of a negro slave. The Boers +resisted arrest, there was a clash of arms, and four of the Boers were +hanged.] + + + + +V + + +JANUARY 21.--The Burghers are disbanding and returning to their homes. + +Trade is thoroughly unsettled, and business of every kind is in an +unsatisfactory condition. Great disorder prevails in the town. +Scarcely a night but there is some sort of disturbance between +citizens and police; the latter are mostly raw German recruits. + +Dr. Jameson and his officers left Pretoria yesterday. Dr. Jameson +looked very downcast, and sat gazing stolidly before him until the +train started. They were cheered at many places along the route. The +United States Government has thanked Mr. Chamberlain for his offer to +protect Americans in the Transvaal. + +All travellers coming into the country must submit to a rigorous +personal search for firearms at Vereeniging. In one case even the +infant of the party was overhauled for guns and ammunition before +being handed over to the loving father, who had come down to meet his +little family. + +LATER.--I came up to Pretoria this afternoon with Betty and the sick +nurse. We were stopped at the station while the officials examined our +handbags for cannon. This delay would have been irritating, but the +men were so universally good-natured--little dull-witted, with no +appreciation of fitness, but good-natured. We drove at once to the +Grand Hotel, and I went to bed that I might look rested when I saw my +husband on the morrow. Lady de Wet and Dr. Messum, the prison +physician, called to tell me the four men had been moved into the +Jameson Cottage, but I was asleep, and not allowed to be roused. There +is comfort in being this much nearer to my poor prisoner. The hotel is +full of Reformers' wives, and there is much excitement and coming and +going. We are warned to be cautious in what we say in public places, +because of spies. Every woman has a nervous look on her face, and some +of them shut the windows and doors before uttering even the most +commonplace remarks. + +Pretoria lies in a shallow basin in the heart of the hills--a fitting +home for the Sleeping Princess. It is hushed and drowsy and overrun by +a tangle of roses. Weeping willows edge the streets, which are wide +and as neglected as a country road. Open gutters carry off, or rather +contain, the sewage of the town. Its altitude is lower than that of +Johannesburg, and the climate very relaxing. Every month or couple of +months the town is full of stir and life. The Boers trek in from +neighbouring farms with their long span of oxen, as many as eighteen +and twenty being yoked to a wagon. They buy and sell, and partake of +the Nacht Maal, or sacrament, laagered around the Dopper Church; and +with their dogs, Kaffirs, and oxen make of that square a most +unsavoury spot. + +JANUARY 24.--I have been several times to the prison, and have seen my +husband. He looks thin, but his face is much rested. He was greatly +distressed on my first visit at the change in my appearance, which I +declared was most ungrateful, as I had put on my best clothes for the +occasion. His mouth showed a tendency to grow square at the corners; I +had seen his children's do the same a thousand times in our nursery, +and I turned away to conceal my emotion. + +The leaders are still kept apart from the other Reformers, a chalked +line showing the margin of their liberty. They are fairly comfortable +in the Jameson Cottage. It contains two tiny rooms; in one all four +sleep, and the other is used for a sitting-room. These are kept very +clean and bright. Mr. Farrar is housekeeper, and 'tidies up' with such +vigour that his three comrades threaten to give up their lodgings and +decamp. + +'Hang it all,' says Mr. Phillips, 'we never sit down to a meal that +George does not begin to sweep the floor'; 'And he takes our cups away +and begins washing them before we've finished our coffee,' complains +the Colonel. Mr. Farrar reproaches me for my husband's want of order. +He says I have not trained him at all, which is quite the truth. Each +man has his chief treasures on a little shelf above his bed. The three +husbands have photographs of wife and children; Colonel Rhodes, the +bachelor, a sponge-bag and pin-cushion. Every day I find a short list +of things which they want got for them. It is many a long year since +they had such simple desires: bed-sheets and pillow-cases, a shade for +their window, Dutch dictionary, and lead pencils. + +JANUARY 25.--The Reformers, with the exceptions of Messrs. Lionel +Phillips, George Farrar, Colonel Rhodes, John Hays Hammond, and Percy +Fitzpatrick, are released to-day on bail of ten thousand dollars +each. They are not permitted to leave Pretoria however. + +JANUARY 27.--Dr. Jameson has sailed on the 'Victoria' for England. The +Governor of Natal was hooted at Volksrust for congratulating President +Kruger on his defeat of Jameson. + +We are again in Pretoria. I have asked for an interview with the +President. + + * * * * * + + _My First Prison Pass_ + + BEWIJS VAN TOEGANG + + Aan den Cipier van de Gevangenis te + Pretoria. + + Verlof wordt verliend aan Mrs. Hammond + en Miss Hammond en Lady de Wet + + Om den gevangene genaamd Hammond, + Phillips, Rhodes en Farrar te bezoeken in + Uwe tegenwoordigheid. + + Den 22nd--1--1896. + + + + +VI + + +Sir James Sivewright said, as I left my rooms for the President's +house, 'I am glad that you are going. You will find a man with a rough +appearance but a kind heart.' Mr. Sammy Marx accompanied me. + +The home of the President of the South African Republic is an +unpretentious dwelling, built of wood and on one floor. There is a +little piazza running across the front, upon which he is frequently +seen sitting, smoking his pipe of strong Boer tobacco, with a couple +of his trusted burghers beside him. Two armed sentinels stood at the +latch gate. I hurried through the entrance. A negro nurse was +scurrying across the hall with a plump baby in her arms. A young man +with a pleasant face met me at the sitting-room door and invited me +to enter. It was an old-fashioned parlour, furnished with black +horse-hair, glass globes, and artificial flowers. A marble-topped +centre table supported bulky volumes bound in pressed leather with +large gilt titles. There were several men already in the room, Boers. +Those nearest the door I saw regard me with a scowl. I was a woman +from the enemy's camp. At the further end of the long room sat a large +sallow-skinned man with long grizzled hair swept abruptly up from his +forehead. His eyes, which were keen, were partly obscured by heavy +swollen lids. The nose was massive, but not handsome. The thin-lipped +mouth was large and flexible, and showed both sweetness and firmness. +A fine mouth! He wore a beard. It was President Kruger. He was filling +his pipe from a moleskin pouch, and I noticed that his broad stooping +shoulders ended in arms abnormally long. We shook hands, and he +continued to fill and light his pipe. Mr. Grobler, the pleasant-faced +young man, grandson and Secretary to the President, observing that I +was trembling with fatigue and suppressed excitement, offered me a +chair. We sat opposite each other, the President in the middle. I +spoke slowly, Mr. Grobler interpreting. This was hardly necessary, +President Kruger answering much that I said before it was interpreted. +I could understand him perfectly from my familiarity with German and +especially _Platt-Deutsch_. + +I explained that I had not come to talk politics. 'No, no politics,' +interrupted the President in a thick loud voice. Nor had I come to ask +favour for my husband, as I felt assured that the honesty of his +motives would speak for themselves at the day of his trial; but I +_had_ come as a woman and daughter of a Republic to ask him to +continue the clemency which he had thus far shown, and to thank Mrs. +Kruger for the tears which she had shed when Johannesburg was in +peril. + +President Kruger relaxed a little. 'That is true, she did weep.' He +fixed me with his shrewd glance. 'Where were you?' he asked abruptly. + +'I was in Johannesburg with my husband.' + +'Were you not afraid?' + +'Yes, those days have robbed me of my youth.' + +'What did you think I was going to do?' + +'I hoped that you would come to an understanding with the Reformers.' + +His face darkened. + +'I was disappointed that the Americans went against me,' he said. + +Mr. Sammy Marx rose and left the room. I was seized with one of those +sudden and unaccountable panics, and from sheer embarrassment--my mood +was far too tragic to admit of flippancy--blurted out, 'You must come +to America, Mr. President, as soon as all this trouble is settled, and +see how _we_ manage matters.' + +Kruger's face lighted up with interest. 'I am too old to go so far.' + +'No man is older than his brain, Mr. President'; and Kruger, who knew +that in all the trouble he had shown the mental vigour of a man in his +prime, accepted my praise with a hearty laugh. This was joined in by +the Boers from the other end of the room. + +Mrs. Kruger refused to see me, and I liked her none the less for her +honest prejudice. I stood to go. President Kruger rose, removed the +pipe from between his teeth, and, coughing violently, gave me his +hand. + +Mr. Grobler escorted me to the gate. 'Mrs. Hammond, I shall be glad to +serve you in any way possible to me,' he said with courtesy. + +'Then will you say to Mrs. Kruger that I am praying to the same God +that peace may come?' + +MONDAY, FEBRUARY 3.--The preliminary trial of the Reform Committee +prisoners was called this morning. The hearing was in the second +Raadzaal. Although the accommodation for the public was limited there +was a large crowd of Johannesburgers present. + +Shortly before ten o'clock an armed escort marched up to the jail for +Messrs. Hammond, Phillips, Farrar, Fitz-Patrick, and Rhodes. The other +Reformers stood in a bunch at the entrance of the hall. All the +principal Government officials were present. Sir Jacobus de Wet +appeared, accompanied by Mr. J. Rose Innes, Q.C., who had come from +the Cape to watch the case on behalf of the Imperial Government. + +Punctually at ten the State Attorney, Coster, took his seat, and, +beginning with my husband's name, called the accused into Court. + +The sixty-four prisoners were assigned to rows of cane-bottomed chairs +in the north-west corner of the building. The proceedings were in +Dutch, and continued throughout the day. With the exception of a few, +none of the Reformers understood Dutch. The hall was without +ventilation, and overcrowded, and sixty-four more bored and +disconsolate-looking men, I believe, were never brought together. Some +of them fanned vigorously with their hats, others gave themselves up +to circumstance and sank into apathy. On the second day, profiting by +experience, fans and paper-backed novels were brought into the Court +room by the arraigned. + +When the Reformers filed in I noticed my husband was not amongst them. +Captain Mein caught my eye and beckoned me to come down from the +ladies' gallery. I hurried to him in some alarm. He told me that my +husband was not well, and handed me a permit which Advocate Sauer had +procured for me. I went at once to the prison, and found my husband +with acute symptoms of dysentery, a feeble pulse, and a heart which +murmured when it beat. + +'Jack,' I said, 'I am going to dig you out of this jail!' + +He looked incredulous, and said despondently, 'I'd rather stay _here_ +than go to the prison hospital.' + +'I'm not thinking of the prison hospital,' simply to reassure him, and +with absolutely no plan of procedure in mind I smiled wisely. + +On my way back to the hotel I was perplexed and uncertain which end to +try first--the American Government or the Government of the Transvaal. +I decided upon the latter, and, assisted by Advocate Scholtz, set to +work with such good effect that by the end of the day I had received +permission to remove my invalid into a private house and personally +attend him. Captain Mein cabled to Mr. David Benjamin, who was in +England, for the use of his cottage. An answer returned within a few +hours, granting us cordial possession. + +I was told that we should be kept under strict guard and that an +officer would be lodged in the house with us. Colonel Bettington +advised me to ask the Government that this officer might be Lieutenant +de Korte, who was a gentleman, and a man of kindly instincts. This I +did, and again my wishes were generously considered. My first act in +the cottage home was to cable the United States Secretary of State of +my privilege; Betty and my faithful housemaid, Parker, were allowed to +be with us. + +Thirteen men were stationed on guard around the tiny flower-covered +cottage. No letters or telegrams were allowed to be sent or received +without first being read by Lieutenant de Korte; visitors were obliged +to obtain permits to see us, and many were the times I saw my best +friends hang disconsolate faces over the garden gate, because the +prescribed number of passes had already been distributed. + +The ladies of the house were allowed to go out twice in the week. I +never accepted this freedom. Betty did once, and returning after hours +was refused entrance by the sentinel. Fortunately Mr. de Korte came +to the rescue. Another time, in consequence of a change of guard, he +himself was obliged to show his papers before being allowed to leave +the premises. Lieutenant de Korte was excessively strict, as was his +duty to the Government, but throughout the two weeks we were under his +care he proved himself entirely worthy of Colonel Bettington's praise, +'A gentleman and a man of kindly instincts!' One piece of kindness I +particularly appreciated. _He never wore his uniform in the house_. +When he sat down to table it was in the usual evening dress of a man +of the world, and our conversation was always on pleasant subjects. We +never forgot, however, that we were prisoners. My husband and I slept +like Royalty in the throne-room, with all the Court assembled. One +guard sat at our bedroom door, gun in hand, and two others on the +verandah just outside the low window. I could hear their breathing +throughout the night. My husband and I could never exchange a private +word; sometimes I would write a message which was hurriedly burnt in +the bedroom candle. The day we moved into the cottage I saw a rose in +the garden which I thought would please and refresh my patient. I +stepped over the threshold to find my nose in conjunction with the +highly-polished barrel of an unfriendly rifle. There was no necessity +for me to understand the guttural speech of the guard, to appreciate +that he desired me to return into the house at once. I did so. Efforts +to induce Mr. Hammond to take a little exercise in the garden I soon +gave over. After a few steps (a guard only two feet behind him) he +would be utterly exhausted, and would almost faint away on reaching +his chair again. Under these petty irritations my husband showed an +angelic patience and fortitude that alarmed me. It was so unlike his +normal self. I longed to hear him cuss a cosy swear; it would have +braced us both. But he was gentle, and appreciative of little +kindnesses; so, to keep from weakening tears, I took to swearing +myself. + +Pretoria was like a steam bath. Frequent thunderstorms were followed +by a blazing sun. Vegetation grew inches in a day, and emitted a rank +smell. People were sallow and languid, and went about with +yellow-white lips. My husband was losing strength perceptibly. + +I called upon Dr. Messum, and begged that he would summon Dr. Murray, +our family physician, from Johannesburg, in consultation. He preferred +a Hollander. I would have none of them! We haggled, and he gave in. +Dr. Murray came to Pretoria. He was very grave when he came out of my +husband's sick room. His report to the Government gained the allowance +of a daily drive, but even for this slight exertion the sick man was +soon too feeble. I wanted to take him to the bracing heights of +Johannesburg, but lawyers and physicians advised me not to make this +request. Johannesburg was still a red rag to the Government, and I +would be sure to meet with a rebuff. Notwithstanding, I went one night +at eleven o'clock, escorted by Lieutenant de Korte, carrying a +glimmering lantern, to interview Dr. Schaagen van Leuwen, and laid the +case before him. + +My husband would surely die if kept in Pretoria; the Government +physician who had been attending him could attest the truth of my +statement. I begged to be allowed to take him to his home in +Johannesburg, under whatever restrictions or guard the Government +might choose to impose. _Johannesburg was my desire_, and I positively +refused to accept any alternative. Dr. Schaagen van Leuwen was very +kind, and promised to do all he could to help me, and he gave me good +reason to hope that my request would be considered. + +In the morning I went again to visit Dr. Messum, this time with Mr. +Percy Farrar. I urged him to send in his report of my husband's case +at once, as he seemed inclined to let the matter drift. Mr. Farrar +and I also drew his attention to the condition of the Jameson Cottage. +The walls were covered with mildew from the recent rains and the floor +damp with seepage water. Mr. Phillips was suffering from lumbago, and +Mr. Fitzpatrick with acute neuralgia. + +Next day we were pleasantly surprised by a call at the cottage from +Messrs. Phillips, Farrar, and Colonel Rhodes, liberated under the same +conditions as was my husband--a bail of 50,000 dollars and a heavy +guard. They were then on their way to a cottage at Sunnyside. Mrs. +Farrar and I hugged each other with joy, and were quite ready to do +the same to the lawyers who had been so successful in attaining this +end. When I learned a little later that consent had been given for Mr. +Hammond to be taken to Johannesburg my measure of happiness seemed +indeed complete. + +With all speed Parker and I tied up our belongings. Lieutenant de +Korte, with nine guards, was to attend us as far as Johannesburg. A +bed was made for the sick man on one of the seats, and frequent +stimulants helped him bear the journey. The thought of going home did +as much as the cordials to stay his strength, I shall always believe. +A number of gentlemen of my husband's staff were at the station to +meet us. Mr. Catlin's kind face I could see above all the others, and +dear Pope Yeatman's. Before we could exchange greetings we were +whisked off into our carriage by the officer whose duty it was to take +us in charge. A soldier hopped up on the box, and another planted +himself on the seat opposite to us--to my inconvenience, and Parker's +intense indignation. Our home was alight. There was a good dinner on +the table, and my husband, with his natural hospitality, invited the +officer to share it with us. I think I should have shot him if he had +accepted--but he did not accept. + +There had been a fearful dynamite explosion at Fordsburg, a suburb of +Johannesburg, late in the afternoon, and he was busied with bringing +in the wounded. Very politely he asked me to take him through the +house. This I did, grimly remarking, as I pointed to the window in my +dressing-room, 'That is the one he will escape by when we have made up +our minds to run.' This cheap wit cost me weeks of inconvenience, for +the literal Hollander took me at my word, and posted a guard directly +opposite this window. Being a Vrywilliger[7] and a gentleman, this +poor man suffered as sharply from his position as did I. That night +two armed men stood at our chamber door. One was stationed at each of +our bedroom windows. Another guarded the house entrance, and the +remainder of the guard were dispersed around the yard. Their guns were +loaded, and a bandolier of cartridges crossed their breasts. All this +to restrain a poor, broken man, who could not walk a dozen yards! + + +FOOTNOTES: + +[Footnote 7: A volunteer.] + + + + +VII + + +ASH WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 19.--The dynamite explosion was something +terrific. Fifty-five tons exploded at one time, wounding 700 people, +killing 80, and leaving 1,500 homeless. It ripped a chasm in the earth +deep enough to hold an Atlantic steamer with all her rigging. The +Kaffirs thought the sun had burst. Betty says the noise of the report +was something awful. Little Jacky was digging in the garden at the +time. He returned to the house at once with a very troubled face. The +coachman coming from town an hour later told of the dreadful +catastrophe. Jacky took his aunt aside: 'Aunt Bet, I heard that great +big noise when I was diggin' and I thought I had dug up hell.' + +The explosion was the result of neglect. For four days fifty-five and +a half tons of dynamite lay under a hot sun at the Netherlands +Railroad junction, left in charge of an inexperienced youth of twenty +who had 'forgotten to remove it' as was ordered the day before the +explosion occurred. + +Fordsburg is populated by poor Dutch and Boers. With generous +disregard of recent conflicts, the Uitlanders at once gave help and +sympathy to the afflicted. Seven of the members on the Relief +Committee were Reformers; and Reformers' wives were among the first to +nurse the wounded. President Kruger came over to Johannesburg to visit +the scene of the accident. He visited the wounded at the Wanderers' +and hospital, and seemed greatly affected. He made a speech in which +he begged the sufferers to turn their eyes to the Great Healer, who +alone could comfort. He also said that he was gratified to hear that +the subscriptions in aid of the distressed had reached so high a +figure; 'Johannesburg had come nobly to the rescue, and he was glad to +know it.' He quoted the words of the Saviour, 'Blessed are the +merciful, for they shall obtain mercy.' In benefiting others he +declared they would benefit themselves. + + +FEBRUARY 23.--I am housed with my ill husband. Betty comes in and goes +out in constant service to the sufferers from the dynamite explosion. +We can think of nothing else. All the tragic stories we hear from +friends and read in the papers fill our days with sadness. + +A friend of my cook's was visiting a neighbour at Fordsburg. She stood +on the threshold, an infant in her arms, and a three-year-old boy at +her side. The explosion came. Her baby was killed outright, and the +child clinging to her skirts dropped with one leg ripped entirely from +the socket. The mother was not even scratched. Another woman was +sewing on a sewing machine. After recovering from the shock, she found +herself unhurt, her house collapsed, and the sewing machine entirely +disappeared. Most of the houses fell outward and not inward, and +those persons near the explosion describe their experience of the +shock as falling asleep or going off in a trance. + +The society women of Johannesburg are doing noble work. Dr. Murray +says it is astonishing how intelligently alert and self-sacrificing +they are proving themselves to be. A story has been told me of a Boer +woman who was fearfully mangled; she bore the necessary surgical +operation with fortitude, but wept copiously when a green baize +petticoat, which she had recently made out of a tablecloth, was taken +off. Only a solemn promise from Mrs. Joel, her lady nurse, to keep the +garment safe until her recovery, appeased her outcries. + +I asked the officer in charge yesterday if I might see some of my +friends who called, the sentinels having thus far denied them +entrance. 'Yes, but there are some women in the place whom I do not +care to have come here.' 'And who might they be?' I asked. 'The wives +of the Reformers,' he answered. 'Then,' I flashed out, 'I do not care +to accept _any_ favours at your hands; those women are my personal +friends, and the only persons under existing circumstances whom I wish +to see.' + +(We were under this gentleman's surveillance for some time, and he +afterwards proved very friendly, _so my husband says_, but I never +spoke to him again. I did not like him. His voice was unpleasant and +he had a high, hard nose, and I do not fancy people with hard, high +noses.) + +A poor little two-year-old baby was found wandering among the ruins at +Fordsburg, with only a slight scratch on her wrist. It is supposed +that she has been lying unconscious under the débris. + +A Malay woman was discovered cowering over the ruins of what was once +her home, crooning to a dead child at her breast. + +The Netherlands Railroad Company, _under whose auspices_ the accident +took place, have donated 50,000 dollars to the Relief Fund; and the +Transvaal Government has set aside 125,000 dollars for the same +purpose; the Uitlanders, 325,000 dollars, which was collected within a +few hours after the explosion. + +FEBRUARY 25.--Business continues stagnant. + +A deputation of mining men go to Pretoria in regard to the depression +in the mining industry resulting from the imprisonment of the leaders. +I hear many of the mines will have to shut down. + +England's Queen and President Kruger have exchanged messages over the +explosion. + +A Kaffir has been found in the wrecked station at Fordsburg; although +he had been imprisoned five days in the débris, he was still alive, +and revived promptly after being given food. (He succumbed however, +some days later to pneumonia brought on by the exposure). + +1,500 of the survivors from the dynamite disaster are now encamped at +the Agricultural Show Yard. The Relief Committee are doing all +possible to assuage their sufferings. Poor people! many of them are +utterly crushed, and sit about dazed and listless; while the little +children, unconscious of the despair surrounding them, frolic about +with the chickens, and make mud-pies as if nothing had happened. But +for the thoughtless elasticity of childhood, how few of us could live +to grow up! + + + + +VIII + + +The preliminary trial dragged its undignified course through the +Courts with a fortnight's interruption, because a youth named +Shumacher refused to give his opinions on a certain subject to the +Attorney-General, and was committed to prison for contempt. + +The High Commissioner was going through genuflexions before the Boer +President. Peace, peace, at any price! at the cost of broken promises, +humiliating compromises, and the lives of sixty-four Reformers, if +need be.[8] + +Mr. Chamberlain had caught the infection, and was salaaming across the +world to Mr. Kruger, like a marionette out of a box. Thoughtful people +began to wonder if he were swung by a heavy weight, which was unknown +to us. Sir William Harcourt was giving the House of Commons, in +England, ill-founded and flippant assurances that 'the Uitlanders +desired no interference from the outside, whether British or other, +but preferred rather to work out their own salvation.' He added many +unpleasant remarks about the Reformers. I said to one of his +countrymen, 'Why does he, in his safety, flourish about, pinning us +deeper down in the wreckage?' + +'Don't let that distress you. Everybody understands that he belongs to +the other party. If he were of the party in power he would be howling +for the Reformers. Remember, Mrs. Hammond, that our system of party +politics seems to call for such attitudes of injustice.' I didn't +quite understand the argument, but the gentleman spoke with +conviction, and I was willing to accept his proffered comfort. + +In our quiet home at Park Town we had settled down to domestic +routine. The guard had gone to housekeeping in a tent under the +dining-room window. They had made friends with Totsey, and then with +Totsey's master, little Jack. Although I never recognised them beyond +a formal bow, in answer to their salute as we drove in and out of the +grounds, I realised that they were kind-hearted men. They were +Burghers belonging to the Volunteer Corps, and were quite a different +grade altogether from the men who composed our guard at Pretoria. At +first we had thirteen, then the number was diminished to nine. Each +man was paid $5.00 a day out of my good man's pocket, fed, and cab +fare provided (to fetch and carry the relief squad from and to the +town). + +It was very like boiling a kid in its mother's milk, but I had the +gratification of remarking once or twice with casual superiority +during conjugal conversation, that revolutions were expensive things, +and that was _some_ comfort. + +My invalid's health, which at first showed a decided change for the +better, began to wane again. Massage was tried, and tonics were freely +administered. Dr. Murray and I thought of Cape Town and the sea; but I +must own up, it was _the officer in charge_ who was most influential +in obtaining a permit for my husband to leave the Transvaal. The bail +bond was increased to a hundred thousand dollars. Fearing _somebody_ +might change his mind, I insisted on Dr. Murray's starting at once +with my husband for the Cape. Jacky was thrown in as a bonus. Parker +and I were to follow on the mail train two days later. + +The guard, who were by this time genuinely attached to their charge, +begged him to be photographed in a group with themselves. To their +great pride this was done. I missed my husband just before his +departure, and Jacky, joining in my search from room to room, gave +the information, 'Papa is playing with his guard outside.' Weak though +he was, he had crawled out to the tent, with a big bottle of +champagne, and when I stepped to the study window I saw, in the pale +twilight, Mr. Hammond standing with the men about him. They lifted +their glasses to him, and their hearty cheers shook me through. + +The travellers were despatched, and, according to our plan, I followed +with the maid. My dear husband was well enough to meet us in Cape Town +at the depot, and Jacky was in high feather--he had a tin steamboat; +he was inclined to swagger; and showed a personal complacency not +warranted by his appearance, for some of his clothes were put on with +great care, _hind-part before_. + +We found lodgment at Muizenburg, near Cape Town--sun, wind, and +primitive discomfort, this last mitigated by the never-failing +kindness of the proprietor. His little children fell over one another +in eager service to my invalid; they were always sure of appreciative +recognition from him, and every child is sensitive to kindness. + +Mr. Joseph Story Curtis, the Reformer, joined us, brought down from +the Rand by his physician and sick nurse; he was suffering from +partial paralysis, induced by the excitement of the revolution and +preliminary trial. + +Young Shumacher had come to the coast for building up, also Mr. Van +Goenert, who had carried a gun on duty when Johannesburg was under +arms. We were a saddened little circle at Muizenburg, and we used to +watch the great ships sail out for 'home' with a lump in our throats. + +The strong salt breeze buoyed us up to fresh hope. A new friend came +to me: a woman with all a woman's tenderness, and the simple +necessities of life had a fresh meaning when supplied by you, dear +Jessie Rose Innes! + +Dr. Murray was obliged to leave us. + +An untimely sea-bath brought back most serious symptoms to my +patient, and I was the prey every afternoon to a low fever which +sapped my strength. Although at first this fever bore a horrible +menace, it proved a disguised blessing. For two or three hours each +day I was absolutely free of care, and would lie with quick pulse and +mildly intoxicated brain dreaming I was with my elder boy on the +border of England. I saw him in his little Eton jacket and broad +turned-down collar, his sweet young face fresh as the morning. Or I +would dream of the pretty home under the hill, in far-off California. +The fragrance of thick beds of violets would seem to float to me over +the long waste of sea, and I could see the tall roses nodding in the +white summer fog. My temples beat like the winter rain on the roof, +and the light before my eyes was the library fire, picking out, in its +old familiar way, the gilt lettering on the books ranged about. It was +sweet to go back to all this, even down the scorching path of fever. + +Our stay at Cape Town was coming to its close. + +The first trial was called for April 24, and my husband insisted upon +going back to meet his sentence. Drs. Thomas and Scholtz declared this +most unadvisable. His heart was in such condition, any shock might +prove fatal. Their reports were forwarded to the Transvaal Government, +and I begged for a few days' reprieve, cabling my urgent request to +Mr. Olney in Washington, Dr. Coster at Pretoria, and our faithful +friend, Mr. Robert Chapin, United States Consul at Johannesburg. Mr. +Olney _at once_ petitioned the Boer Government in our behalf. Dr. +Coster answered curtly by wiring Mr. Chapin that John Hays Hammond was +summoned to appear before the High Court of the Transvaal on the +morning of April 24, at 10 o'clock. To me he vouchsafed no word. + +Letters came from friends in Johannesburg begging my husband not to +return, and cables from the United States to the same effect. The +sentence was sure to be a death sentence or a term of long +imprisonment. + +From important sources, which for obvious reasons I cannot quote, I +received private messages and letters informing of a plan on foot to +lynch the leaders. The beam from which four Boers had been hung years +before at Schlaagter's Nek (Oh! that poisonous suggestion in the +'Volksstem') had already been brought from the Colony for this special +purpose. Mr. Manion, the Consular Agent, and Mr. K.B. Brown, an +American just arrived in Cape Town from the Rand, took me aside and +laid the case in all its bare brutality before me. _To allow my +husband to return to Pretoria was for him to meet certain death_. If +he were not lynched by the excited Boers, he was sure to get a death +sentence. Mr. Brown showed feeling as he plead with me to use a wife's +influence to save her husband's life. My head was swimming. I could +only repeat in a dull, dogged way: 'He says his honour takes him +back. He is the father of my sons, and I'd rather see him dead than +dishonoured.' + +Somehow I got to my room, and the page-boy stumbled over me at the +door some time afterward, and ran for Mrs. Cavanagh. When I felt a +little recovered, I put on my hat, and, not waiting for my husband's +return from an appointment with Dr. Thomas, I drove to the office of +Mr. Rose Innes. He was not in, and his clerk declared he did not know +when he would be in. 'Very well, then; I'll wait until he does come +in.' + +I was given a comfortable chair, and a dictionary was dusted and +placed under my feet. Mr. Rose Innes at length appeared. He was +greatly astonished to find me waiting for him. I began abruptly: 'Dear +Mr. Innes, I am in need of a friend; my distress is so great that I +can no longer distinguish right from wrong.' I told him everything; +showed him the letters which I had received, and, facing him, asked, +'What is my duty? I can appeal to my husband--for my sake, to save +the life of our child--and perhaps dissuade him! _My God, it is a +temptation!_' + +Mr. Rose Innes sat deep in thought. + +'If you think his going back is a needless throwing away of a valuable +life,' I began, with a timid hope beginning to grow in my heart--'I +will chloroform him and have him taken to sea!' + +Mr. Rose Innes leaned forward, and took my hand gently between his +own: 'Mrs. Hammond, your husband is doing the right thing in going +back; don't try to dissuade him. If he were my own brother I would say +the same'--and I accepted his decision. + +For a further strong but ineffectual effort to gain a few days' longer +leave of absence for Mr. Hammond, I am indebted to this good friend. +Also for many personal kindnesses which I can never forget. Miss +Louisa Rhodes was a most helpful friend as well; the anxiety in +common brought us very close together. She was a veritable +fairy-godmother, bringing us wines and dainty food from Groote +Schuur's well-stocked larder to tempt us to eat. + + +FOOTNOTES: + +[Footnote 8: Cablegram of the High Commissioner to Mr. Chamberlain, +January 8, 1896:-- + +'I intend, if I find that the Johannesburg people have substantially +complied with the Ultimatum, to insist on the fulfilment of promises +as regards prisoners and consideration of grievances, and will not +allow, at this stage, the introduction of any fresh conditions as +regards the London Convention of 1884. Do you approve?'] + + + + +IX + + +At Cape Town I saw the High Commissioner--a gentle old man with +delicate hands. He had lived two-thirds of his life, and passed the +virile period. + +The responsibility of taking my husband to Pretoria was more than I +could assume alone; my strength was nearly spent. Doctors Thomas and +Scholtz assisted me in every way. Although called separately, and not +in consultation, these two gentlemen were far too broad-minded and +generously interested in our welfare to stand upon professional +etiquette. Dr. Scholtz accepted the post of medical attendant on the +journey up-country, and one of the last faces which I saw at Cape Town +as our train drew out was that of Dr. Thomas, who had left a critical +case to hurry down in order to wish us God-speed. + +Jessie Rose Innes had come too, wild night though it was. Under her +tweed cape she had brought from her home at Rondebosch a basket filled +with food--fresh butter, chicken jelly, extract of coffee, and a +home-made cake for 'Jacky boy.' Dear heart of gold! there was no need +of words between us that sorrowful night. + +Trotting along beside the slowly-moving train, Sir James Sivewright +held my hands thrust through the open window. + +'When the worst comes, you'll do all you can to help us, Sir James?' I +asked. + +'Indeed I will,' was the hearty response. + +The trip was a wearisome one. The weather was hot, and there was much +dust. Little Jack was the leaven of our heavy days, and a sweet +letter, tucked away in a safe place, from the boy in England, wrung +and cheered my aching heart. It bade us to 'brace up.' He had heard +all about the troubles, and was glad his father was not idle when men +were needed. His house had won the football match. There were only a +few more weeks to wait, and we would all be together again! Fate +carried a smile in her pocket for me so long as that boy kept well! + +At night we reached Vereenigen, on the border of the Transvaal. We +were delayed there two hours (120 minutes, 7,200 seconds) while the +Custom House officials examined the luggage. Faint and exhausted, my +husband lay on the seat before me. I sat at the open window +waiting--waiting with every nerve strained and a fearful rushing sound +in my ears, for the possible attack of excited Boers or a stray shot +from some fanatic's rifle. Jacky, trying to clamber over my lap, would +whimper under the fierce clutch of my fingers as I dragged him down +from the window. + +As is usual, the passengers' names had been telegraphed ahead, and a +crowd of Boers had gathered at the station to see the man who had come +back to get his sentence. They were a wild, uncouth-looking crowd +from the adjacent farms. I could hear them ask, 'Where is he?' 'In +there,' another would answer, pointing with his thumb over his +shoulder to our compartment. In threes and fours they would shuffle +into our car and gaze with dull, stupid curiosity upon the prostrate +man, as sheep gaze at a dead member of the flock. Dr. Scholtz, +keen-eyed and watchful, stood on guard in the doorway. Platinum would +have melted under the courteous warmth of his manner to the officials. + +Our train at last under way, I found some one had thrust a bunch of +fresh grapes into my little boy's hand. + +Nearing Johannesburg Dr. Scholtz came to me: 'Your husband is +exhausted. I think it best for him to pass the night at his home, +going to Pretoria on the mid-day train to-morrow.' + +It was well we did this, for between Johannesburg and Pretoria this +train met with one of the collisions so frequent on the Netherlands +Railway. Only the engineer and a brakeman were killed, but the shock +would certainly have been most disastrous to us. + +SUNDAY, NOON, APRIL 26.--My husband with Dr. Scholtz started for +Pretoria. I was unable to leave my bed, but it was agreed that Betty +and I should follow on the early train of the morrow. + +The Reform trial which was begun on Friday, April 24, was resumed on +Monday. + +Repeated wires from Mr. Hammond and Dr. Scholtz prevailed upon me to +remain at my home to rest another day. 'It would probably be a long +trial.' + + + + +X + + +My husband reached Pretoria Sunday evening, April 26. The information +that we had received en route, regarding the pleas of guilty entered +by the imprisoned Reformers, was confirmed by his associates: the +other three leaders, Messrs. Rhodes, Farrar, and Phillips, had entered +a plea of guilty under count one of the indictment for high treason, +the fifty-nine Reformers entering a like plea of guilty under the +count of lese-majesté. As conjectured by us when we heard of this +action of the Reformers, the prisoners had received certain assurances +before making such pleas: + +_First_.--That they should not be tried under the comparatively +obsolete Roman Dutch Law, which punished the crime of treason with +death; but they would be tried and punished under, and in accordance +with, the code laws of the Transvaal Republic, which imposed penalties +of fine and imprisonment for the crime charged in the indictment. + +_Second_.--The leaders were further assured that this action on their +part would measurably mitigate the sentences of the other fifty-nine +Reformers. + +On Monday, the 27th, the Court reconvened in the market hall, the +_imported_ Judge Gregorowsky occupying the bench. + +Mr. Hammond took his place with the three leaders, attended by his +physician, Dr. Scholtz, who remained at his side during the entire +trial. + +After some preliminary matters were disposed of, Mr. Hammond, actuated +by the same influences that were brought to bear on his associates, +entered a plea of guilty to count one of the indictment, and placed +his signature to the written statement which had been previously +signed by Messrs. Rhodes, Phillips, and Farrar. + +This written paper was in substance as follows:-- + + That for a number of years the Uitlanders had earnestly and + peacefully sought relief for their grievances by the + constitutional right of petition. That what they asked was + only what was conceded to new-comers by every other South + African Government. + + That petition after petition was placed before the + authorities--one bearing 40,000 signatures, asking + alleviation of their burdens and wrongs; that they could + never obtain a hearing, and that the provisions of law + already deemed obnoxious and unfair were being made more + stringent; and, realising that they would never be accorded + the rights they were entitled to receive, it was determined + to make a demonstration of force in support of their just + demands. + + The statement then recites the coming of Jameson against + their express commands and understanding with him, and all + the subsequent acts of the Transvaal Government, the High + Commissioner, and De Wet, Her Majesty's Agent, which are + now matters of history. + +The paper concluded as follows:-- + + 'We admit responsibility for the action taken by us. We + practically avowed it at the time of the negotiations with + the Government, when we were informed that the services of + the High Commissioner had been accepted with a view to a + peaceful settlement. + + 'We submit that we kept faith in every detail of the + arrangement. We did all that was humanly possible to protect + both the State and Dr. Jameson from the consequences of his + action; that we have committed no breach of the law which + was not known to the Government at the time; and that the + earnest consideration of our grievances was promised. + + 'We can now only put the bare facts before the Court, and + submit to the judgment that may be passed upon us.' + +After the examination of several witnesses and the introduction of the +celebrated cipher telegrams, the Court was adjourned for the day. + +TUESDAY, THE 28TH.--There was a vast concourse gathered at the Market +Hall on this day of the trial. The chamber was crowded to its utmost +limit by anxious and interested listeners. Many ladies were present. + +His Lordship (the imported Judge) was late in ascending the bench, +unnecessarily prolonging the suspense of the waiting crowd. + +The proceedings were commenced with every formality that could render +them impressive. A large number of armed men were stationed at the +entrance and about the Court-room. A prominent object in the +Court-room, one which immediately struck the eye of those entering, as +this was its first appearance during the trial, was a plain wooden +dock, low in front, high at the back, and large enough to hold four +men. + +As in the preliminary examination, the Court proceedings were +conducted in the Dutch language, an unfamiliar tongue to a majority +of the accused. + +After the despatch of some minor matters, Mr. Wessels, counsel for the +defence, made his address to the Court, closing by reading the written +statement of the four leaders, and asking the clemency of the Court. + +He made no reference or protest to the tribunal as constituted--a +Court presided over by a Judge _not a_ citizen of the country whose +sovereignty had been offended by the treasonable acts charged. + +Mr. Wessels was followed by the State Attorney, Dr. Coster, in a +bitter and vindictive speech. + +He demanded that the prisoners at the bar should be punished under the +_Roman Dutch Law_, and that the four leaders should receive the +_death_ penalty. + +This demand of the State Attorney was apparently a surprise to Mr. +Wessels, for he sprung to his feet in an excited manner and protested +most vigorously against the demand of Dr. Coster; his language and +manner were such as to impress many present that it was provoked by a +breach of good faith. + +At the conclusion of the speech of the State Attorney, Gregorowsky +(the imported Judge) summed up the case at length, and held that the +prisoners were guilty of high treason as charged in the indictment, +and that the Roman Dutch Law governed in such cases; and that the +sentences imposed would be in accordance therewith. + +The Sheriff then with a loud voice commanded silence whilst the +sentence of death was pronounced. + +A deep hush fell upon the Court-room--a profound, breathless silence +that became oppressive before the next official utterances disturbed +it. + +'Lionel Phillips, George Farrar, Francis Rhodes, John Hays Hammond!' +called the Registrar. + +In response these four were singled out from the rest of the prisoners +and conducted to the new dock. + +It was the Registrar who again spoke. + +'Lionel Phillips, have you any legal reasons to urge why sentence of +death should not be passed upon you, according to law?' + +'No,' was the response. + +This was followed by the sentence. + +In like manner, Farrar and Rhodes were interrogated and sentenced. + +Mr. Hammond was then called to his feet and the same formal question +asked. + +Although pale and weak from protracted illness, Mr. Hammond responded +in a firm voice to the Registrar's question. + +The Judge, then addressing the prisoner, said: 'John Hays Hammond, it +is my painful duty to pass sentence of death upon you. + +'I am only applying the punishment which is meted out and laid down +according to law, leaving it to his Honour the State President, and +the Executive Council, to show you any mercy which may lie in their +power. + +'May the magnanimity shown by his Honour the State President, and this +Government, to the whole world, during the recent painful events be +also shown to you. + +'I have nothing to do with that, however. + +'I can only say, that in any other country you would not have a claim +on their mercy. The sentence of the Court is, that you be taken from +this place where you are now, and be conveyed to the jail at Pretoria, +or any such other jail in this Republic as may be appointed by law, to +be kept there till a time and place of execution shall be appointed by +lawful authority, that you be taken to the place of execution to be +there hanged by the neck till you are dead. + +'May Almighty God have mercy on your soul!' + +Whilst the sentences were being passed upon the four leaders the +auditors were wrought up to the highest pitch; sobs were heard on +every side, tears were on many cheeks, and even stolid old Boers were +seen to weep. One man was carried from the room in a fit. + +The four Reform leaders, who had borne themselves during this trying +time in a brave and fearless manner, then stepped out of the dock +firmly and unhesitatingly, and were taken to the Pretoria jail. + +The other fifty-nine prisoners were then called to the bar and +sentenced each to pay a fine of ten thousand dollars, and to suffer +two years' imprisonment. + +Thus ended this remarkable trial, a judicial trial unprecedented in +the annals of jurisprudence. + +A mockery of justice and a travesty upon civilisation.[9] + + +FOOTNOTES: + +[Footnote 9: The foregoing regarding the trial and sentence of the +Reformers is from information derived from eye-witnesses and the local +Press.] + + + + +XI + + +By a strange providence Betty and I missed the early train. I had not +reckoned on the delay in dressing which sorrow and fatigue could +occasion. + +The paper had announced that the sentence was to be given at noon. +Though I had no intention of being present in the Court-room, I wished +to be within reach of my husband in case he should need me. We took +the local train which left Johannesburg at 10.30. + +Our journey came to an end. I saw Mr. Rose Innes and Dr. Scholtz on +the platform. + +'Is it the death sentence?' + +Mr. Rose Innes, with both hands on my shoulders to keep me from +falling, said 'Yes.' + +There were many other friends, I have since learned, who were there to +receive me. I have a hazy recollection of Mr. Barnato, good +kind-hearted 'Barney,' begging me 'not to fret'; that he had brought +my husband to Africa and he meant to stand by him till he got out of +Africa. Mrs. Clement and Betty remained beside me. The day was without +hours to me, a dry aching stretch of time; I had no tears to shed! + +At some time in the afternoon Mrs. Joel brought me a flower and a note +from my husband, beseeching me to keep up a brave heart, and assuring +me that he was all right and as comfortable as was possible under the +circumstances. + +After the death sentence had been pronounced and the Court dismissed, +Mrs. Joel, with woman's thoughtfulness, put a flask of brandy in her +pocket and started for the prison. In the confusion of receiving the +prisoners she managed to slip in and went at once to the condemned +cell. Her visit was a God-send to the four unhappy men, who were much +worn by months of anxiety, ill-health, and this final strain of the +death sentence. They were bearing up wonderfully well, she said. + +One of the lawyers came and sat at the end of my sofa. He burst into +tears. 'We've been played! we've been played!' he exclaimed, with +vehemence. Remembering how the lawyers for the Reformers had muddled +everything from the beginning of the trial, how they had +conscientiously and persistently walked into every trap laid for them, +I sat upright to look squarely into his face. 'My God! when haven't +you been played?' + +The effect of the death sentence on Johannesburg was extreme: all +shops and the Stock Exchange were closed, and the flags of the town +were placed at half mast. + +This, from the 'Standard and Diggers' News'--a tribute from the +enemy's paper--goes to my heart:-- + +'One respects the probity of the man who, dangerously ill and totally +unfit for the hardship of a prison, preferred to take his stand in the +dock, rather than sacrifice his self-respect by flight from Cape Town; +Mr. Hammond has worthily upheld the reputation of a nation which +claims its sons as men who "never run away."' + +It was decided by the Executive this same night to commute the death +sentence, but this was not communicated to the condemned men until the +following morning. The night of suspense passed under the eye of the +death watch with a dim light burning was a needless cruelty; it made +the President's subsequent magnanimity more dramatic, but with that I +naturally felt no sympathy. + +I have often been asked since if I did not realise that the Boers +would never have _dared_ execute my husband? And many dear friends who +were thousands of miles away assure me now that they never had a +moment's real apprehension for his safety. We however, who were in +Pretoria, at the time, a helpless handful in the power of a primitive +population of narrow experience, a people inflamed by long years of +racial feud and recent victory, were by no means so sure that all +would end well. Two prominent men, standing high in authority, +confessed to me later that they were most anxious and fearful of +results, although at the time their sustaining support helped to keep +my body and soul together. _The gallows was prepared, and the order +was to hang the four victims simultaneously_. + +The night following the sentence, Mr. Chapin, the U.S. Consul, and his +wife came to me. They were then and for months afterwards as tender +and faithful as people of my own kindred. Mr. Chapin was tireless in +his efforts in behalf of the Americans in trouble, and the high +personal regard in which he was held by the Boer, as well as +Uitlander, did much subsequently to ameliorate their circumstances. +Mr. Chapin at once interviewed Mr. Wessels, chief advocate for the +Reformers--and he told me immediately after the interview the result +of their meeting. Mr. Wessels distinctly said that, although it was +not put in writing, it was understood between the State Attorney and +himself 'as between man and man' that if the prisoners pleaded guilty +he would not press for severe punishment. (Mr. Wessels has since, for +reasons only known to himself, denied this both privately and +publicly.) + +APRIL 29.--The commutation was published. Mrs. George Farrar had come +from Johannesburg, and together we went to see our husbands. Our visit +was limited to five minutes. We found the four men haggard, but +apparently cheerful. The condemned cell had an earthen floor. It had +been newly whitewashed and reeked of antiseptics. Four canvas +stretchers, a tin pail filled with water, and a dipper, furnished it. +A negro murderer had been its last occupant. I sat on one of the +canvas cots with an arm around my husband and holding Colonel Rhodes' +hand. Mrs. Farrar was sitting on the opposite cot, locked in her +husband's embrace. The guard came to order us out. Poor Mrs. Farrar +looked so frail and white, I put my arm about her to give her support. +In the courtyard we stopped to speak to one of the Reformers. The +guard became furious, and, swinging his arms in a threatening manner, +rushed at us with curses. We were driven violently out of the yard +like depredating dogs. Surely the sun never looked upon two women in +sadder case. She was just up from her confinement, and I was far +advanced in pregnancy. + + + + +XII + + +No cable of political purport could be sent from Pretoria safe from +mutilation. I therefore despatched Mr. Hammond's secretary to Cape +Town with a message to the American press, reporting Mr. Wessels' plea +for the Reformers, the statement of the four leaders, and the +sentence. I did this, believing that, if the American public fully +understood the circumstances of the case, popular sympathy would allow +no stone to remain unturned to protect their unfortunate countryman +from so violent and unjust a sentence. + +Pretoria seethed with overwrought wives. In the prison the men were +suffering real hardship. The sanitary arrangements were shocking. +Twenty-two Reformers were crowded into a room thirty feet by ten. +This room had been hastily built of corrugated iron, and leaked at +every seam. Draughts were strong enough to blow the hair about their +temples; the men slept on straw mattresses laid on the floor, and +there was scarcely room enough for a man to get out of bed without +stepping on his neighbour. Rations of mealie pap--a coarse, insipid +porridge--with a hunk of hard, dark-coloured bread were given to each +prisoner in tin pannikins--not particularly clean. At mid-day a little +greasy soup and soup meat were added. This unsavoury fare caused many +of the Reformers to go hungry rather than eat it. Others ate it, but +their stomach afterwards rejected it. They were locked in the cells at +5 o'clock and without lights. Prison regulations were most strict at +this period. + +Mr. S., one of the Reformers, had the misfortune to have his teeth +drawn a short while before the trial. A new set was completed the day +after his incarceration, and although his friends used every effort +to convince the jailers of the perfect harmlessness of these false +teeth, and explained Mr. S.'s painful predicament in being without +them when he had nothing but hard food to chew, they insisted upon +considering them contraband, and would not allow them to pass. Poor +Mr. S. lived for three days on a half-tin of condensed milk, smuggled +in by the wife of a fellow-prisoner. The world has never seen such +wholesale smuggling as was practised by these devoted women. Mrs. +Solly Joel as she passed daily through the prison gate was a complete +buttery. The crown of her hat was filled with cigars; suspended from +her waist, under her dainty summer silk skirt, hung a bottle of cream. +Tied to her back by way of a bustle was a brace of duck, or a roasted +fowl wrapped neatly in linen. She said this gave her a slightly +out-of-date appearance, but she did not mind that. Under her cape Mrs. +Clement wore a good-sized Bologna sausage around her waist as a belt; +this was in time adroitly removed by Mr. Clement. Another lady +supplied the prisoners with tins of sardines and beef essence, which +she carried concealed in her stockings. Occasional vagaries on the +part of these affectionate wives were subsequently explained to the +complete satisfaction of their captive lords. Mrs. Butters' coyness +and refusal to be embraced because of the flask of coffee in her bosom +is an instance of this. All this sounds very funny now, but it was +desperately earnest work then. In time the stringent rules relaxed. +The prisoners were allowed to buy their own food, and Mr. Advocate +Sauer made the same arrangement with the Pretoria Club to supply food +for the Reformers as had been done during their former imprisonment. +Those were boom times for little Pretoria. Hotel-keepers and tradesmen +coined money, and the cab-drivers were able to open an account with +the bank. + +Mrs. Lionel Phillips closed up her beautiful home in Johannesburg, +sent her babies to her people at the Cape, and took permanent lodgings +in Pretoria. She was most faithful in her visits to the prison, and +was kind to the three room-mates of her husband in many ways. + + + + +XIII + + +My diary continues through May: + +FIRST WEEK.--Petitions in favour of the Reformers are being signed all +over the country. All feeling against the Reform Committee has veered +round, and the strongest sympathy is now felt for them. Only the +extreme of the Boer and Hollander factions chant the old story of +their trying to subvert the Government--conniving with Jameson, and +then deserting him, &c., &c. + +Landdrost Schutte and Captain Shields quarrel over who shall have +charge of the jail. Apparently it is an appointment of honour, or +large emolument. + +Gregorowski is publicly hooted on his return to Bloemfontein. I hear +that as soon as Gregorowski had pronounced the death sentence, Judge +Morice dashed from the Court-room and ran hatless through the streets +of Pretoria to withdraw Gregorowski's name, which had been put up at +the Club, at his request. This is a sample of the feeling among +honourable men. Judge Morice is a Burgher and a prominent Judge of the +Transvaal Court. The Jury of Burghers called for the final trial, +which was never empanelled, were greatly surprised and affected by the +fearful sentence--some of them wept like children. And they were the +first to draw up a petition for commutation. + +Prisoners are still wearing their own clothes, although it is said +that enough jumpers of prison sacking are waiting to breech the lot. +They suffer severely from cold and dampness, the prison accommodations +offering little or no protection from the weather. Many of them are +ill. There is talk of separating the Reformers and sending them to +jail in various districts--Barberton, Rustenburg, and Lydenburg. This +threat causes much apprehension, for their one solace is being +together. + +Rumour of English troops gathering on the Border. + +President Kruger and the High Commissioner exchanging opinion over the +uneasiness. Kruger calls out, 'I see Bugaboos in your front yard,' and +Sir Hercules responds, 'Oh no; that's our tame cat.' + +Petitions come in from the country districts of the Transvaal. From +Durban and Pietermaritzburg, with over a thousand signatures, from +Lorenço Marques, a second from Durban, and one from the Orange Free +State, expressing sympathy and the hopes of President Steyn. + +Natal sends a petition signed by 4,000 Burghers. + +The sentences are commuted, but nobody knows to what. + +General Joubert is sent off with a ten days' leave of absence to take +his annual bath. + +Messrs. Rose Lines and Solomon visit the jail daily. + +SECOND WEEK.--In spite of hardships my dear husband's health improves. +He vows the death sentence has cured him. From day to day we are +promised a final decision from the Executive, but matters are still +drifting. Nothing will probably be done in this direction until +General Joubert returns to Pretoria, as he is one of the members of +the Executive Council. It is suggested to me by one of the Government +circle that a visit from me to Mr. Kruger would be timely. All which I +wished to say I would not be allowed to say, and just to pay an +aimless visit seemed a foolish thing to do, and, being outspoken, I +said so. A friend in whom I had implicit confidence advised me to go +by all means. I was possibly being used as a political pivot. After +some delay I did go, splattering through the mud in a wheezy old cab +behind a splayfooted white horse driven by a hunchbacked negro boy. +The interview lasted five minutes, and was perfectly meaningless. I +suppose it was meant to be that. Ten fathoms down under many other +things I could see that Kruger had strong heart qualities. Educated +and morally matured, he would be one of those grand characters who +make epochs in the world's history. We shook hands at parting and went +out of each other's lives for ever. + +Mr. G. told me, as he helped me into the cab at the door, that Mr. +Kruger had received a cable from America in my husband's behalf, +signed by the Vice-President and a large number of the Senate and +House of Representatives. This information opened my eyes. I now saw +why a visit from me would be 'timely.' + +Within an hour news was cabled by _some one_ to all parts of the +civilised world that the wife of the American prisoner, John Hays +Hammond, had received audience of the President of the Transvaal. 'The +interview was of long duration. What transpired was of a private +character, but it is believed to be very hopeful and satisfactory.' + +THIRD WEEK.--Delays, shiftings, postponements, delays with excuses, +and delays without excuses. Each day strong petitions sent in to the +Executive. A continual stream of disheartened wives and friends on +their way to the Presidency, many going in the early dawn, as the +President--an early riser and of simple habit--was known then to be +easy of access. A pitiful picture lingers in my mind of a dozen +Reformers' wives in the deep golden yellow of an African sunrise +sitting on the edge of the broad side-walk with their feet in the dust +waiting for the President to return from burying a Landdrost's wife. I +cannot remember that Mr. Kruger made any specific promises. 'All shall +come right,' he said frequently. 'Wait; don't hurry me. I must go +slow, or my Burghers will get out of hand.' We waited, and the men +inside of the prison walls one after another sickened and lost heart. + +On May 12, Dr. Messum sent the following report in to the Landdrost:-- + +Dear Sir,--I have, on the 29th and 30th April, written to the +Inspector of Jails about the state of the jail. I do not know if I am +to report to you or to the Inspector of Jails; in any case, I have the +honour again to report that as yet no alteration has been made in the +sheds in which the political prisoners are kept. I must repeat again +that they are too small and unhealthy for the number of prisoners +placed in them. I find now, on account of their immediate vicinity to +the native section, that vermin is beginning to trouble the political +prisoners. There are amongst the political prisoners very old and +sickly men, whose lives, on account of the insufficient accommodation, +are placed in danger. There is not yet any proper hospital room for +the sick, who are thus obliged to remain amongst the others. I find +that the accommodation is very insanitary and unhealthy. + +About the prisoner F. Gray I wish to make special mention, because he +is showing signs of developing melancholia (lunacy), caused by the +uncertainty of the future and what he has gone through during the last +few months. + +I also fear that he later on will develop suicidal tendencies. I would +recommend that his sentence should be taken into immediate +consideration, and to discharge him at once from the jail. + + I have the honour to be, etc., + GORDON MESSUM, M.D., + _District Surgeon_. + +Unfortunately this report was not considered, and on the 16th day of +May poor Gray, distraught by his sufferings, cut his throat. + +Mr. Fred Gray was a man of high business standing. He was married, and +the father of six children. His tragic death was a shock to every one. +Johannesburg turned out in a body ten thousand strong to carry his +remains to the burial-place. Inside the jail, his fellow prisoners had +formed in procession and with uncovered heads followed the body as far +as the prison gates, the limit of their freedom, not a man with dry +eyes. + +_The first prisoner was liberated_. + +FOURTH WEEK.--The decision still withheld. President Kruger excuses +this by saying it is due to the fact that only half the captive +Randites have signed the petition for commuting the banishment and +imprisonment clauses to fines. + +The suspense is heartbreaking, and night brings no forgetfulness. +Those long voiceless nights of South Africa! Not a bird's call, nor a +chirp from the tiny creatures which hide in the grass. A white moon, a +wide heaven filled with strange stars, and the tall moon-flowers at +the gate lifting up their mute white trumpets to the night wind. + +The little boy beside me rouses from his sleep to ask:--'Mother dear, +why do you laugh and shake the bed so?' + +Fearing an illness, I yearned for a last interview with my husband. It +was a Saturday that I went to Pretoria, and although the prison was +supposed to be closed on that day to visitors, I had several times +gained admittance through the kindness of those in authority. I went +to the Landdrost who had the dispensing of permits. + +'Will you please make an exception in my favour and allow me to see my +husband? I am ill, and must return to my home in Johannesburg at +once.' + +'What does she say?' roared the Landdrost, who for some reason was in +a furious temper. He turned to a Boer in the room. 'Tell her she may +whine as much as she pleases, she can't see her husband on Saturday. +_Nobody_ can go in the prison on Saturday. If she wants to see her +husband she must wait until next Monday!' The man turned fiercely +towards me, but seeing my patient face, or perhaps for the sake of +some Boer woman on a distant farm, his voice broke, and became quite +gentle as he delivered the message. + +With one exception this was the only time I ever received harsh +treatment from a Boer official. Of course I sometimes met with a +_strictness of manner_ which was to be expected, and which I was quite +prepared to submit to. Brutal unkindness I never experienced but +twice. + +Reaching the jail, whither I had directed the cabman to drive me, I +found Advocate Sauer and Mr. Du Plessis standing at the gate. They +almost dropped at sight of my face. Dignity had deserted me. I was +actually howling in my distress, + +'Please, _please_ let me in to my husband!' + +Du Plessis, rough and violent as he was to most people, was always +kind to me. He opened the wicket and pushed me gently through. That +was his answer. My sudden entrance, a ball of a woman with the tears +dripping down on to her breast, surprised the warders. They regarded +me with stricken faces. One at last rallied. With his eyes still +fastened upon me, he called, + +'Mister H-a-m-mond, Mister H-a-m-mond, your missis is here!' and my +husband came rapidly across the yard. + +I went home to my bed. Dr. Murray came in charge. + +'Poor little woman! There is nothing to prescribe but oblivion in a +case like this.' He ordered narcotics. Two weeks later I was told that +I had been dangerously ill. In that darkened room I had suspected my +jeopardy. Surely there is a special place in heaven for mothers who +die unwillingly. + +From distant parts of the world kind letters came to me--and from +Johannesburg messages, sweet, with full-hearted sympathy--many of +these from people whom I had never seen, nor ever shall in this life. +I found friends in the days of my trouble, as precious as rare jewels, +whom I shall wear on my heart until it stops its beating. + +The Government most generously allowed my husband to come to my +bedside. He was accompanied by the chief jailer, Du Plessis. He wore +some violets in his buttonhole, I remember, which the jailer's child +had given him. Mr. Du Plessis asked to see me. He had news to tell me +which would cheer me up, he said. Brought to my bedside, all he could +say, and he said it over and over again in his embarrassment, was: + +'Don't be unhappy; your husband won't be many years in prison.' + +This did not bring the cheer intended. Playing the part of guest was +irksome to Du Plessis. He went home to Pretoria the second +day--leaving Mr. Hammond, who was not on parole, or even under bail, +entirely free. No point in my husband's career has ever given me so +entire a sense of gratification as the confidence in his honour thus +manifested by the Boer Government. In my convalescence he returned to +Pretoria and gave himself up at the prison. + +'You might have waited another day,' said the warder in charge; 'we +don't need you yet.' + + + + +XIV + + +One day the 'Star' (in a third edition) announced the great decision +was at last concluded. The sixty-three Reformers were to be divided +into four groups and sentenced in lots. Ten were to be liberated +because of ill-health. Some were to be imprisoned twelve months, +others five, and still others three months. The four leaders were +sentenced to fifteen years' imprisonment, which, if carried out, was +equivalent to death. However, this sentence was provisional, and it +was understood petitions would be entertained. + +This news was first taken into the jail by two wives who had outrun +the messenger. My husband says that when he saw Mrs. X. throw herself +weeping and speechless into her husband's arms, he thought 'it was all +up with him.' + +X. wasn't half the offender he was, and the sentence was evidently +something too dreadful to tell. Mr. X. was one of the three months' +men, I believe. + +These sentences, although unpopular, relieved to a certain extent the +awful strain. But what was Johannesburg's wrath to hear two days later +that the sentences were not for the periods mentioned, _but that at +the expiration of these periods the prisoners could make fresh +applications to be again considered!_ This was juggling with human +souls! Everybody believed it to be the work of Dr. Leyds. A man more +execrated than Dr. Leyds, I believe, does not live! + +Three more weeks of cruel suspense followed. + +Mr. Chamberlain continued to tumble down the Boer back stairs head +over heels, yelling out excuses as he descended. He publicly denied on +the 29th that Great Britain had promised to protect the Reformers, +and added that they were not being unfairly treated. I will never make +statesmen of my sons. I'd rather set them to ploughing. + +Mark Twain came to the Rand. He visited the men at Pretoria. My +husband did the honours of the prison, and introduced him to the +Reformers. He talked a long while to them, sitting on a dry goods box. +Expressed his satisfaction at finding only one journalist in the +crowd, and no surprise that the lawyers were largely represented. He +assured them that they were to be congratulated and envied, although +they did not know it. There was no place one was so safe from +interruption as in a jail. He recalled to their minds Cervantes and +Columbus--it was an honour to share captivity with such men as these. + +They have sent another member of the Executive away to the baths, and +later his absence will be given as an excuse for delay. + +MAY 30.--All the Reformers with the exception of Davies and Sampson, +and the four leaders, are released after paying ten thousand dollars +each, and giving their oath to abstain in future from discussing or +participating in Transvaal politics. + + +JUNE.--Meetings are called by the labourers on the Rand. They send a +monster petition to Pretoria. The miners and mechanics also send a +petition. The famous Innes petition is being circulated all over South +Africa, and the mayors of all the large towns are preparing to go in a +body to Pretoria to present their petitions for the release of the +leaders. The President promises and postpones from day to day. The +retention of the leaders is acknowledged to be only a question of the +amount of fine. + +An influential deputation from the Cape Town branch of the Africander +Bond wait upon President Kruger, and a petition signed by sixty +members of the Cape Parliament is read to him. Another deputation +comes from the Chamber of Commerce. The Mayor of Durban forwards +through the Colonial Secretary a petition bearing 1,250 names, and the +Kimberley branch of the Bond send a petition. Nothing comes of it all. +The President appoints the 7th to be a day of humiliation and prayer, +and Dr. Leyds doubles his bodyguard. + +JUNE 10.--The whole of South Africa is appealing to President Kruger +to let the leaders free. The entire white population--two millions of +people--give voice to this desire and hope of United South Africa. One +hundred and fifty mayors, representing 200 towns and many of the rural +districts, are in Pretoria waiting for audience with the Executive +Council. + +This evening, Thursday, June 11, the leaders were given their liberty +after paying each a fine of 125,000 dollars, and taking an oath to +abstain from taking part in the politics of the Transvaal. Colonel +Rhodes refused, being an English officer, to take the oath, and was +banished, not to appear again in the Transvaal, under pain of death. + +The Executive then politely announced its decision to receive the +Mayoral delegates on _Saturday morning_ next. Perhaps the Mayors were +not mad! Some of these men had trekked for days in ox-wagons before +reaching the railroad to take train for Pretoria. A large banquet was +given in their honour. They insisted upon the liberated leaders being +invited as guests--but those criminals, leaders, and instigators did +not attend, deeming it injudicious under the circumstances. + +My husband flew to me, who am still kept indoors. He came with a light +in his face I had not seen for months. 'We are free!' + +JUNE 12.--This is a gala day in Johannesburg. Everybody is +joyous--Kruger's name is cheered everywhere. Several thousand people +were at the station to receive the leaders. Messrs. Phillips and +Farrar were the only two left of the four to step off the train. They +were caught up shoulder-high and carried by the crowd. Cheers rent the +air. The horses were unyoked from their victoria, and willing hands +grasped the shafts; and like returning conquerors, instead of +criminals, these instigators were dragged triumphantly down the heart +of the town followed by a vociferous multitude. + +As the invited guests of Cape Colony we travelled on a special train +to Cape Town--by 'we,' I mean a dozen or two Reformers with their +families. The heartfelt ringing cheers as we pulled out of the station +I can never forget. The cheers again at Bloemfontein and the strangers +who came forward to shake hands and congratulate have enriched my +life. One man at a way station in the Free State rode up shouting: + +'Where is the American, John Hays Hammond?' My husband came forward. +'Mr. Hammond, I have come miles from an ostrich farm to shake hands +with you. You are a white man, and Americans are proud of you!' + +The Mayor of Cape Town received us, and dear friends were there to +tell us with brimming eyes of their joy in our release. + + + + +XV + + +Those good people who have followed me thus far will see that a +woman's part in a revolution is a very poor part to play. There is +little hazard and no glory in it. + +The day we made Southampton, as we stood, a number of Reformers and +Reformers' wives, on the 'Norham's' deck, one of the gentlemen who had +come to welcome us asked: + +'Mrs. Hammond, what did _you_ do in the revolution?' + +'She helped us bear our trouble,' said Lionel Phillips, and his words +were sweet praise to my ears. + +A few weeks later, in my lovely English home, a third son was born to +us. There was something very appropriate in this child of war-times +being first consigned to the professional arms of a Miss Gunn. + +'He is perfect,' were his father's first words to me as he leaned over +the new-born infant, and every mother will know all that meant to me. + + + Printed by + Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square + London + + + + + + + MESSRS. LONGMANS, GREEN, & CO.'S + CLASSIFIED CATALOGUE + OF + WORKS IN GENERAL LITERATURE + +History, Politics, Polity, Political Memoirs, &c. + + +Abbott.--A HISTORY OF GREECE. By EVELYN ABBOTT, M.A., LL.D. Part + I.--From the Earliest Times to the Ionian Revolt. Crown 8vo., 10s. + 6d. Part II.--500-445 B.C. Cr. 8vo., 10s. 6d. + +Acland and Ransome.--A HANDBOOK IN OUTLINE OF THE POLITICAL HISTORY + OF ENGLAND TO 1894. Chronologically Arranged. By A.H. DYKE ACLAND, + M.P., and CYRIL RANSOME, M.A. Crown 8vo., 6s. + +ANNUAL REGISTER (THE). 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Edited by HENRY OFFLEY WAKEMAN, M.A., and ARTHUR HASSALL, + M.A. Crown 8vo., 6s. + +Walpole.--HISTORY OF ENGLAND FROM THE CONCLUSION OF THE GREAT WAR IN + 1815 TO 1858. By SPENCER WALPOLE. 6 vols. Crown 8vo., 6s. each. + +Wolff.--ODD BITS OF HISTORY: being Short Chapters intended to Fill + Some Blanks. By HENRY W. WOLFF. 8vo., 8s. 6d. + +Wood-Martin.--PAGAN IRELAND: an Archæological Sketch. A Handbook of + Irish Pre-Christian Antiquities. By W.G. WOOD-MARTIN, M.R.I.A. With + 512 Illustrations. Crown 8vo., 15s. + +Wylie.--HISTORY OF ENGLAND UNDER HENRY IV. By JAMES HAMILTON WYLIE, + M.A., one of H.M. Inspectors of Schools. 3 vols. Crown 8vo. Vol. I., + 1399-1404, 10s. 6d. Vol. II. 15s. Vol. III. 15s. [Vol. IV. in the + press.] + + * * * * * + +Biography, Personal Memoirs, &c. + +Armstrong.--THE LIFE AND LETTERS OF EDMUND J. ARMSTRONG. Edited by + G.F. ARMSTRONG. Fcp. 8vo., 7s. 6d. + +Bacon.--THE LETTERS AND LIFE OF FRANCIS BACON, INCLUDING ALL HIS + OCCASIONAL WORKS. Edited by J. 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CLUTTERBUCK. With Map and 75 Illustrations. Cr. + 8vo., 3s. 6d. + +Nansen (FRIDTJOF). + + THE FIRST CROSSING OF GREENLAND With numerous Illustrations and a + Map. Crown 8vo., 3s. 6d. + + ESKIMO LIFE. With 31 Illustrations. 8vo., 16s. + +Oliver.--CRAGS AND CRATERS: Rambles in the Island of Reunion. By + WILLIAM DUDLEY OLIVER, M.A. With 27 Illustrations and a Map. Cr. + 8vo., 6s. + +Peary.--MY ARCTIC JOURNAL: a Year among Ice-Fields and Eskimos. By + JOSEPHINE DIERITSCH-PEARY. With 19 Plates, 3 Sketch Maps, and 44 + Illustrations in the Text. 8vo., 12s. + +Quillinan.--JOURNAL OF A FEW MONTHS' RESIDENCE IN PORTUGAL., and + Glimpses of the South of Spain. By Mrs. QUILLINAN (Dora Wordsworth). + New Edition. Edited, with Memoir, by EDMUND LEE, Author of 'Dorothy + Wordsworth.' etc. Crown 8vo., 6s. + +Smith.--CLIMBING IN THE BRITISH ISLES. By W.P. HASKETT SMITH. With + Illustrations by ELLIS CARR, and Numerous Plans. + + Part I. ENGLAND, 16mo., 3s. 6d. + Part II. WALES AND IRELAND. 16mo., 3s. 6d. + Part III. SCOTLAND. [In preparation.] + +Stephen.--THE PLAYGROUND OF EUROPE. By LESLIE STEPHEN, formerly + President of the Alpine Club. New Edition, with Additions and 4 + Illustrations. Crown 8vo., 6s. net. + +THREE IN NORWAY. By Two of Them. With a Map and 59 Illustrations. Cr. + 8vo., 2s. boards, 2s. 6d. cloth. + +Tyndall.--THE GLACIERS OF THE ALPS: being a Narrative of Excursions + and Ascents. An Account of the Origin and Phenomena of Glaciers, and + an Exposition of the Physical Principles to which they are related. + By JOHN TYNDALL, F.R.S. With numerous Illustrations. Crown 8vo., 6s. + 6d. net. + +Whishaw.--THE ROMANCE OF THE WOODS: Reprinted Articles and Sketches. + By FRED. J. WHISHAW. Crown 8vo., 6s. + + * * * * * + +Sport and Pastime. + +THE BADMINTON LIBRARY. + +Edited by HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF BEAUFORT, K.G.; Assisted by ALFRED +E.T. WATSON. + +Complete in 28 Volumes. Crown 8vo., Price 10s. 6d. each Volume, Cloth. + +* _The Volumes are also issued half-bound in Leather, with gilt top. +The price can be had from all Booksellers_. + +ARCHERY. By C.J. LONGMAN and Col. H. WALROND. With Contributions by + Miss LEGH, Viscount DILLON, Major C. HAWKINS FISHER, &c. With 2 + Maps, 23 Plates, and 172 Illustrations in the Text. Crown 8vo., + 10s. 6d. + +ATHLETICS AND FOOTBALL. By MONTAGUE SHEARMAN. With 6 Plates and 52 + Illustrations in the Text. Crown 8vo., 10s. 6d. + +BIG GAME SHOOTING. By CLIVE PHILLIPPS-WOLLEY. + + Vol. I. AFRICA AND AMERICA. With Contributions by Sir SAMUEL W. + BAKER, W.C. OSWELL, F.J. JACKSON, WARBURTON PIKE, and F.C. + SELOUS. With 20 Plates and 57 Illustrations in the Text. Crown + 8vo., 10s. 6d. + + Vol. II. EUROPE, ASIA, AND THE ARCTIC REGIONS. With Contributions by + Lieut.-Colonel R. HEBER PERCY, ARNOLD PIKE, Major ALGERNON C. + HEBER PERCY, &c. With 17 Plates and 56 Illustrations in the Text. + Crown 8vo., 10s. 6d. + +BILLIARDS. 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With Contributions by Miss + MIDDLETON, The Honourable Mrs. ARMYTAGE, &c. With Musical Examples, + and 38 Full-page Plates and 93 Illustrations in the Text. Crown + 8vo., 10s. 6d. + +DRIVING. By His Grace the DUKE OF BEAUFORT, K.G. With Contributions by + other Authorities. With Photogravure Intaglio Portrait of His Grace + the DUKE OF BEAUFORT, and 11 Plates and 54 Illustrations in the + Text. Crown 8vo., 10s. 6d. + +FISHING. By H. CHOLMONDELEY-PENNELL, Late Her Majesty's Inspector of + Sea Fisheries. + + Vol. I. SALMON AND TROUT. With Contributions by H.R. FRANCIS, Major + JOHN P. TRAHERNE, &c. With Frontispiece, 8 Full-page + Illustrations of Fishing Subjects, and numerous Illustrations of + Tackle, &c. Crown 8vo., 10s. 6d. + + Vol. II. PIKE AND OTHER COARSE FISH. With Contributions by the + MARQUIS OF EXETER, WILLIAM SENIOR, G. CHRISTOPHER DAVIES, &c. With + Frontispiece, 6 Full-page Illustrations of Fishing Subjects, and + numerous Illustrations of Tackle, &c. Crown 8vo., 10s. 6d. + +FENCING, BOXING, AND WRESTLING. By WALTER H. POLLOCK, F.C. GROVE, C. + PREVOST, E.B. MITCHELL, and WALTER ARMSTRONG. With 18 Intaglio + Plates and 24 Illustrations in the Text. Crown 8vo., 10s. 6d. + +GOLF. By HORACE G. HUTCHINSON. With Contributions by the Rt. Hon. A. + J. BALFOUR, M.P., Sir WALTER SIMPSON, Bart., ANDREW LANG, &c. With + 25 Plates and 65 Illustrations in the Text. Cr. 8vo., 10s. 6d. + +HUNTING. By His Grace the DUKE OF BEAUFORT K.G., and MOWBRAY MORRIS. + With Contributions by the EARL OF SUFFOLK AND BERKSHIRE, Rev. E.W.L. + DAVIES, J.S. GIBBONS, G.H. LONGMAN, &c. With 5 Plates and 34 + Illustrations in the Text. Crown 8vo., 10s. 6d. + +MOUNTAINEERING. By C.T. DENT, With Contributions by Sir W.M. CONWAY, + D.W. FRESHFIELD, C.E. MATHEWS, &c. With 13 Plates and 95 + Illustrations in the Text. Crown 8vo., 10s. 6d. + +POETRY OF SPORT (THE).--Selected by HEDLEY PEEK. 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