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+Project Gutenberg's The Aldine, Vol. 5, No. 1., January, 1872, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Aldine, Vol. 5, No. 1., January, 1872
+ A Typographic Art Journal
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: February 17, 2005 [EBook #15092]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ALDINE, VOL. 5, NO. 1., ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Sandra Brown and the PG Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: A VENETIAN FESTIVAL.--C. HULK.]
+
+THE ALDINE,
+
+A
+
+TYPOGRAPHIC ART JOURNAL
+
+[Illustration]
+
+"_Il ne faut pas tant regarder ce qu'on doit faire que ce qu'on
+peut faire_."
+
+VOLUME V.
+
+NEW YORK:
+JAMES SUTTON & COMPANY.
+1873.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+"_THE ALDINE PRESS_."--JAMES SUTTON & Co., Printers, 58 Maiden
+Lane, New York.
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by
+JAMES SUTTON, JR., in the Office of the Librarian of Congress
+at Washington, D. C.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+Abyssinia, A Peep at _Editorial_ 186
+Adirondacks, The Heart of the _Editorial_ 194
+After the Comet _W.L. Alden_ 136
+A Great Master and His Greatest Work _Editorial_ 83
+Aldine Chromos for 1873 _Editorial_ 228
+Alpine World, The _Editorial_ 134
+America, Home Life in _Editorial_ 76
+American Robin, The _Gilbert Darling_ 327
+Angling, A Few Words on _Henry Richards_ 155
+Architecture _W. Von Humboldt_ 43
+Art 28
+Artistic Evening, An _Editorial_ 248
+Art-Musee in America, An _Erastus South_ 127
+Art, Roman _Ottfreid Mueller_ 32
+At Rest. (Poem) _Julia C.R. Dorr_ 234
+August in the Woods _W.W. Bailey_ 161
+Ausable, Morning on the _Editorial_ 40
+Authorship, Style in _Stewart_ 75
+Autumn Rambles _W.W. Bailey_ 212
+A Yarn _Uncle Bluejacket_ 216
+
+Babes in the Wood, The _Editorial_ 223
+Badger Hunting _Editorial_ 225
+Barry Cornwall, To. (Poem) _A.C. Swinburne_ 50
+Beauty, Of _Bacon_. 107
+Beside the Sea. (Poem) _Mary E. Bradley_ 161
+Biography _Henry Richards_ 65
+Bishop's Oak _Caroline Cheesebro_' 172
+Black Gnat, The _A.R.M._ 34
+Blood Money _Editorial_ 207
+Blue-Birds _Gilbert Burling_ 163
+Books, Borrowing _Leigh Hunt_ 36
+"Bridge of Sighs," Hood's _Editorial_ 50
+Bronte's (Charlotte) Brother and Father _January Searle_ 111
+Building of the Ship, The. (Poem) _Longfellow_ 89
+
+Cedar Bird, The _Gilbert Burling_ 85
+Celebration of the Passover, The _Editorial_ 64
+Chase, After the _Editorial_ 227
+Chet's, Miss, Club _Caroline Cheesbro'_ 59
+Children, Loss of Little _Leigh Hunt_ 104
+Chinese Stories _Henry Richards_ 215
+Christmas Trees _W.W. Bailey_ 234
+Coleridge as a Plagiarist 23
+Coming Out of School _Editorial_ 12
+Cosas de Espana _Editorial_ 86
+Crown Diamonds and other Gems _S.F. Corkran_ 181
+
+Daisies, Among The _A.S. Isaacs_ 23
+December and May _Editorial_ 147
+Death Chase, The _Editorial_ 236
+Dogs, About _Henry Richards_ 175
+Dogs, Education of _Henry Richards_ 234
+
+Englishmen, Religion of _H. Taine_ 183
+English Rhymes and Stories _Henry Richards_ 96
+En Miniature. (From the German) _M.A.P. Humphreys_ 132
+Exquisite Moment, An _Editorial_ 93
+
+Fancie's Dream _Lolly Dinks's Mother_ 34
+Fancie's Farewell _Lolly Dinks's Mother_ 114
+Fawn Family, A Day with a _Editorial_ 107
+Feast of the Tabernacles, The _Editorial_ 64
+Fra Bartolomeo _Editorial_ 106
+Forester's Happy Family, The _Editorial_ 167
+Forester's Last Coming Home, The _Editorial_ 56
+Fortune of The Hassans, The _C.F. Guernsey_ 123
+Friendship of Poets, The _Editorial_ 50
+Frosty Day, A. (Poem) _J.L. Warren_ 11
+
+Garden, In the _Betsy Drew_ 138
+Gems, Colored _W.S. Ward_ 39
+Going to the Volcano _T.M. Coan_ 245
+Green River. (Poem) _W.C. Bryant_ 72
+Gypsies, The _Editorial_ 166
+
+Heart of Kosciusko, The _Editorial_ 113
+Heartsease. (Poem) _Mary E. Bradley_ 43
+Hello! _Editorial_ 193
+Home and Exile _Editorial_ 237
+House with the Hollyhocks, The _A.L. Noble_ 177
+House Wrens _Gilbert Burling_ 105
+How to Tame Pet Birds _January Searle_ 146
+Hunt (Leigh), A Last Visit to _January Searle_ 192
+Hunting Snails _T.M. Coan_ 156
+
+Ideal, The _Theodore Parker_ 133
+Il Beato. (From the German) _M.A.P. Humphrey_ 183
+Ill Wind, An _Leslie Malbone_ 112
+Inside the Door _Caroline Cheesebro'_ 30
+Ireland, A Glimpse at _T.M. Coan_ 119
+Island, On an _Caroline Cheesebro'_ 114
+
+Jack and Gill _Editorial_ 223
+
+King Baby. (Poem) _George Cooper_ 224
+Kingfisher, The _Editorial_ 125
+King's Rosebud, The. (Poem) _Julia C.R. Porr_ 107
+Knowledge _Ethics of the Fathers_ 135
+
+"Lais Corinthaica," Holbein's _Editorial_ 182
+Lalalo--A Legend of Galicia. (From the Spanish) _H.S. Conant_ 164
+Lamp-Light _Julian Hawthorne_ 165
+Lisbon, Loiterings around _Editorial_ 44
+Literature 28, 47, 67, 88, 108, 128, 148, 168, 188, 208
+Little Emily _Editorial_ 178
+Liverworts. (Poem) _W.W. Bailey_ 70
+Longfellow's House and Library _Geo. W. Greene_ 100
+Love Aloft _Editorial_ 116
+Love's Humility. (Poem) _B.G. Hosmer_ 141
+
+Mandarin, A _From the French_ 19
+Manifest Destiny. (Poem) _R.H. Stoddard_ 47
+Man in Blue, The _R.B. Davey_ 50
+Man in the Moon, The _Yule-tide Stories_ 120
+Man's Unselfish Friend _Editorial_ 60
+Married in a Snow-Storm. (From the Russian) _Wm. Percival_ 152
+Marsh and Pond Flowers _W.W. Bailey_ 126
+Martinmas Goose, The _Editorial_ 243
+Maximilian Morningdew's Advice, Mr. _Julian Hawthorne_ 74
+Millerism _Editorial_ 10
+Minster at Ulm, The _Editorial_ 158
+Misers, About _Betsy Drew_ 99
+Mother is Here! 20
+Morning Dew _Editorial_ 76
+Morning and Evening _Editorial_ 242
+Mountain Land of Western North Carolina _J.A. Oertel_ 52
+Mountain Land of Western North Carolina _J.A. Oertel_ 214
+Mountains, In the _Editorial_ 16
+Mouse Shoes _Lolly Dinks's Mother_ 197
+Music in the Alps _Editorial_ 33
+
+Necessity of Believing Something _Jean Paul_ 31
+Neighbor Over the Way, My. (Poem) _G.W. Scars_ 110
+Newport, At. (Poem) _Geo. H. Boker_ 10
+Niagara _Editorial_ 213
+Noble Savage, The 110
+Nooning, The 16
+
+Oblivion _Browne_ 120
+October _W.W. Bailey_ 192
+Old Maid's Village, The _Kate F. Hill_ 26
+Old Oaken Bucket, The _Editorial_ 152
+Othello, How Rossini Wrote _L.C. Bullard_ 91
+Out of the Deeps _Elizabeth Stoddard_ 94
+
+Painted Boats on Painted Seas _Hiram Rich_ 201
+Patriotism and Powder _Editorial_ 132
+Pavilions on the Lake, The. (From the French) _H.S. Conant_ 14
+Pepito _Lucy Ellen Guernsey_ 212
+Perkins, Granville 48
+Peruvians, Among the _Editorial_ 24
+Play for a Heart, A. (From the German) _H.S. Conant_ 54
+Pleasure-Seeking _Editorial_ 240
+Poet's Rivers _Editorial_ 70
+Portugal, Wanderings in _Editorial_ 224
+Pottery, Ancient _S.F. Corkran_ 72
+Prince and Peasant. (From the German,) _H.S. Conant_ 196
+Puddle Party, The _Lolly Dinks's Mother_ 83
+Punishment after Death. (From the Danish) _James Watkins_ 218
+Puss Asleep _Henry Richards_ 143
+
+Queen's Closet, The _Lolly Dinks's Mother_ 27
+
+Rainy Day, The. (Poem) _H.W. Longfellow_ 120
+Raymondskill, The _E.C. Stedman_ 154
+Real Romance, The _Julian Hawthorne_ 10
+Ruse de Guerre. (Poem) _H.B. Bostwick_ 63
+
+School-Children _Editorial_ 198
+Scissor Family, The _Lolly Dinks's Mother_ 144
+Secret, A. (Poem) _Julia C.R. Dorr_ 212
+September Reverie, A _Editorial_ 172
+Serious Case, A _Editorial_ 203
+Shadows _Julian Hawthorne_ 142
+Shakspeare Celebrations _Editorial_ 90
+Shakspeare Portraits _R.H. Stoddard_ 103
+Shameful Death. (Poem) _Wm. Morris_ 83
+Shrews _A.S. Isaacs_ 63
+Simple Suggestion, A _Mary E. Bradley_ 216
+Smallpox, Worse than _L.E. Guernsey_ 157
+Snow-Bird, The _Gilbert Burling_ 207
+Song Sparrow, The _Gilbert Burling_ 32
+Song or Wood Thrush, The _Gilbert Burling_ 66
+Sonnet _Alfred Tennyson_ 67
+Sparrows' City, The. (Poem) _George Cooper_ 165
+Stael, Baroness de, The Salon of. (From the French) 43
+Story of Coeho, The _R.B. Davey_ 71
+Street Scene in Cairo, A _Editorial_ 239
+Stuffing Birds _January Searle_ 246
+Summer Fallacies _C.D. Shanly_ 176
+Sunshine _Julian Hawthorne_ 92
+Superstition _Bacon_ 56
+Swift, Dean _Lady Mary Wortley Montague_ 53
+
+Temple of Canova, The _Editorial_ 203
+Thievish Animals _Editorial_ 238
+Thistle-Down. (Poem) _W.W. Bailey_ 145
+Tired Mothers. (Poem) _Mrs. A. Smith_ 172
+Tropic Forest, A. (Poem) _Montgomery_ 20
+Trout Fishing _C.D. Shanly_ 141
+Truants, The 40
+Two _J.C.R. Dorr_ 152
+Two Gazels of Hafiz _Henry Richards_ 145
+Two Lives, The. (Poem) _S.W. Duffield_ 201
+Two Queens in Westminster. (Poem) _H. Morford_ 132
+
+Uncollected Poems 50
+Uncollected Poems by Campbell. _Editorial_ 144
+Uncollected Poems by "L.E.L." _Editorial_ 94
+Uttmann, Barbara. (From the German) 66
+
+Venice, A Glimpse of _Editorial_ 13
+Violins, About _J.D. Elwell_ 36
+Virginia, On the Eastern Shore of _Mary E. Bradley_ 79
+
+Water Ballad _S.T. Coleridge_ 67
+Weber (Von), Karl Maria _Editorial_ 206
+Wine and Kisses. (Poem) From the Persian _Joel Benton_ 27
+Winter-Green. (Poem) _Mary E. Bradley_ 90
+Winter Pictures from the Poets _Editorial_ 14
+Winter Scenes _Editorial_ 230
+Wolf, Calf and Goat, The _AEsop, Junior_ 124
+Woman in Art _E.B. Leonard_ 145
+Woman's Eternity, A _E.B.L._ 204
+Woman's Place _Editorial_ 162
+Wood or Summer Ducks _Editorial_ 187
+Woods, In the. (Poem) _G.W. Sears_ 192
+Woods Out in the. (Poem) _Mary E. Bradley_ 126
+Wordsworth _Taine_ 33
+Wyoming Valley _Editorial_ 36
+
+Young Robin Hunter, The _Editorial_ 60
+
+Zekle's Courtin' _Editorial_ 30
+
+
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+Adirondack Scenery _G.H. Smillie_ 97
+Advance in Winter, The 236
+After the Storm _Schenck_ 231
+After the Storm a Calm. (I, II, III, IV,) 244
+Agnes _R.E. Piguet_ 112
+Albai, View on the River 183
+American Robin, The _Gilbert Burling_ 227
+Artistic Evening, An 248
+At Home 239
+Ausable, Morning on the _G.H. Smillie_ 41
+
+Babes in the Wood, The _John S. Davis_ 222
+Badger Hunting _L. Beckmann_ 226
+Blood Money _Victor Nehlig_ 190
+Blowing Hot and Cold _John S. Davis_ 142
+Blowing Rock _R.E. Piguet_ 57
+Blue-Birds _Gilbert Burling_ 163
+Bonnie Brook, near Rahway _R.E. Piguet_ 112
+Bridal Veil _Granville Perkins_ 154
+Bridge of Sighs, The (View of) 13
+Bridge of Sighs (Hood's) _Georgie A. Davis_ 49
+Building of the Ship, The _T. Beech_ 89
+
+Capella Imperfeita, Archway in the 44
+Casa do Capitulo, The 224
+Casa do Capitulo, Window in the 46
+Castle of Meran, The. (Frontispiece) _C. Heyn_. Opp. 189
+Caught At Last 238
+Cedar Birds _Gilbert Burling_ 85
+Chase, After the _David Neal_ 219
+Christmas Visitors _Guido Hammer_ 231
+Coming Out of School _Vautier_ 12
+Crossing the Moor After _F.F. Hill_ 228
+
+December and May _W.H. Davenport_ 146
+Death Chase, The 236
+Deer Family, The _Guido Hammer_ 106
+
+Enjoyment 241
+Evening _Paul Dixon_ 205
+Evening 243
+Evenings at Home _A.E. Emslie_ 77
+Exquisite Moment, An _John S. Davis_ 93
+
+Fashionable Loungers of Lima 24
+Feast of the Passover, The _Oppenheim_ 64
+Feast of the Tabernacles, The _Oppenheim_ 65
+Fisherman's Family, The 239
+Forester's Happy Family at Dinner, The _Guido Hammer_ 167
+Forester's Last Coming Home, The 56
+For the Master _Offterdinger_ (Opp.) 236
+
+Garden, In the _Arthur Lumley_ 138
+Gertrude of Wyoming _Victor Nehlig_ 117
+Glen, The _F.T. Vance_ 194
+God's Acre 232
+Gondar, Emperor's Palace at 186
+Good Bye, Sweetheart 233
+Grandfather Mountain, N.C. _R.E. Piguet_ 215
+Green River _August Will_ 69
+Green River _R.E. Piguet_ 72
+Green River _R.E. Piguet_ 73
+Guide-Board, The _Knesing_ 230
+Gypsy Girl at her Toilette _G. Dore_ 166
+
+Happy Valley _R.E. Piguet_ 53
+Heart of a Hero, The. (Kosciusko's Monument) 113
+Here. Chick! Chick! 240
+Hollo! _John S. Davis_ 191
+House Wrens _Gilbert Burling_ 105
+How a Spaniard Drinks _Dore_ 86
+Hudson at Hyde Park, The _G.H. Smillie_ 81
+
+In-Doors 243
+Infant Jesus, The Copied by _J.S. Davis_ 229
+"Is the solace of age." 247
+"It ofttimes happens that a child" 245
+
+Jack and Gill _John S. Davis_ 223
+
+Kate _R.E. Piguet_ 112
+Keeping House _John S. Davis_ (Opp.) 29
+Kingfisher, The _L. Beckmann_ 125
+King Witlaf's Drinking Horn _A. Kappes_ 131
+Kwasind, the Strong Man _T. Moran_ 109
+
+Lais Corinthaica _Holbein_ 182
+Lake Henderson _F.T. Vance_ 195
+Limena, Middle-Aged 25
+Linville, On the _R.E. Piguet_ 52
+Linville River, The _R.E. Piguet_ 53
+Little Emily _John S. Davis_ 178
+Little Mother, The _John S. Davis_ 80
+Loffler Peak, Tyrol, The 135
+Longfellow's House _A.C. Warren_ 100
+Longfellow's Library _A.C. Warren_ 101
+Longing Looks _J.W. Bolles_ 96
+Love Aloft _Otto Gunther_ 116
+
+Manifest Destiny _W.M. Cary_ 37
+Man's Unselfish Friend _Chas. E. Townsend_ 61
+Marston Moor, Before the Battle of 121
+Mestizo Woman, Young 25
+Mill, in Wyoming Valley, An Old _F.T. Vance_ 36
+Minster at Ulm, The 158
+Monastery de Leca do Balio, The 225
+Monk's Oak, The (After _Constantine Schmidt_) 33
+Moonlight on the Hudson _Paul Dixon_ 170
+Moose Hunting 232
+Morganton, View in _R.E. Piguet_ 53
+Morganton, View near _R.E. Piguet_ 214
+Morning 242
+Morning Dew. (Frontispiece) _Victor Nehlig_. Opp. 69
+Morning in the Meadow _R.E. Piguet_ 113
+Mother is Here! _Deiker_ 20
+Mountains, In the 16
+Mueller, Maud _Georgie A. Davis_ 9
+Music in the Alps _Dore_ 33
+
+Naughty Boy, The _John S. Davis_ (Opp.) 89
+Navaja, Duel with the _Dore_ 86
+New England, Hills of _Paul Dixon_ 204
+Niagara _Jules Tavernier_ 211
+Nooning, The (After _Darley_) 17
+
+Old Oaken Bucket, The _John S. Davis_ 159
+Ornamental, The _Deiker_ 234
+Out of Doors 242
+
+Patriotic Education _F. Beard_ 130
+Penha Verde, Doorway and Oriel in the 45
+Perkins, Granville 48
+Peruvian Ladies, Costumes of 24
+Peruvian Priests 25
+Pets, The 241
+Picking and Choosing _Beckmann_ 238
+Pines of the Racquette, The _John A. Hows_ 121
+Playing Sick _A.H. Thayer_ 174
+Preston Ponds, From Bishop's Knoll _.F.T. Vance_ 199
+Puss Asleep _C.E. Townsend_ 143
+
+Rainy Day, The _John S. Davis_ 120
+Raymondskill, Falls of The _Granville Perkins_ 150
+Raymondskill, View on the _Granville Perkins_ 155
+Raymondskill, The Main Fall _Granville Perkins_ 155
+
+Scene on the Catawba River _R.E. Piguet_ 210
+School Discipline _John S. Davis_ 198
+Serious Case, A _Ernst Bosch_ 202
+Shakspeare, Ward's _J.S. Davis_ 104
+Shipwreck on the Coast of Dieppe, A _T. Weber_ 139
+Singing the War Song 187
+Snow-Birds _Gilbert Burling_ 207
+Song Sparrow, The _Gilbert Burling_ 32
+Song or Wood Thrush, The _Gilbert Burling_ 66
+South Mountain _R.E. Piguet_ 53
+Spanish Postilion _Dore_ 87
+Spanish Ladies _Dore_ 87
+Sport 240
+Squaw Pounding Cherries, Old _W.M. Cary_ 162
+Standish, Miles, Courtship of _J.W. Bolles_ 151
+Street Scene in Cairo, A Opp. 229
+Surenen Pass, Switzerland, View in the 134
+
+Temple of Canova 203
+Then fare thee well, my country, lov'd and lost! 237
+"There's a Beautiful Spirit Breathing Now" 218
+Tight Place, In a _W.M. Cary_ 76
+Tropic Forest, A _Granville Perkins_ 21
+Truants, The _M.L. Stone_ 40
+
+Useful, The _Deiker_ 235
+Uttmann, Barbara 68
+
+Venetian Festival, A. (Frontispiece) _C. Hulk_
+Vischer's, Peter, Studio 84
+Visconti, Princess (After "_Fra Bartolomeo_") 108
+Villa de Conde, Church at 215
+Village Belle, The After _J.J. Hill_ 228
+
+Waiting at the Stile 147
+Watauga Falls _R.E. Piguet_ 53
+Watering the Cattle _Peter Moran_ 171
+Wayside Inn, The (After _Hill_) 107
+Weber, Von, Last Moments of 206
+What Was That Knot Tied For? (After _I.E. Gaiser_) 92
+"Which in infancy lisped" 246
+"Who Said Rats?" _A.H. Thayer_ 175
+Winter Sketch, A. (Frontispiece) _George H. Smillie_. Opp. 149
+Wolf, Calf and Goat, The _H.L. Stephens_ 124
+Wood or Summer Ducks _Gilbert Burling_ 179
+
+"Ye limpid springs and floods," 237
+Young Robin Hunter, The _John S. Davis_ 60
+
+Zekle's Courtin' _Frank Beard_ 29
+
+
+
+
+THE ALDINE
+
+VOL. V. NEW YORK, JANUARY, 1872. No. 1.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAUD MUeLLER.--DRAWN BY GEORGIE A. DAVIS.]
+
+
+ "MAUD MUeLLER looked and sighed: 'Ah, me!
+ That I the Judge's bride might be!
+
+ "'He would dress me up in silks so fine,
+ And praise and toast me at his wine.
+
+ "'My father should wear a broad-cloth coat:
+ My brother should sail a painted boat.'
+
+ "'I'd dress my mother so grand and gay,
+ And the baby should have a new toy each day.
+
+ "'And I'd feed the hungry and clothe the poor.
+ And all should bless me who left our door.
+
+ "The Judge looked back as he climbed the hill,
+ And saw Maud Mueller standing still.
+
+ "'A form more fair, a face more sweet,
+ Ne'er hath it been my lot to meet.
+
+ "'And her modest answer and graceful air,
+ Show her wise and good as she is fair.
+
+ "'Would she were mine, and I to-day,
+ Like her a harvester of hay.'"
+
+ --_Whittier's Maud Mueller._
+
+
+
+
+THE ALDINE.
+
+_JAMES SUTTON & CO., PUBLISHERS_
+
+23 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+$5.00 per Annum (_with chrono._) Single Copies, 50 Cents.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+_AT NEWPORT._
+
+ I stand beside the sea once more;
+ Its measured murmur comes to me;
+ The breeze is low upon the shore,
+ And low upon the purple sea.
+
+ Across the bay the flat sand sweeps,
+ To where the helmed light-house stands
+ Upon his post, and vigil keeps,
+ Far seaward marshaling all the lands.
+
+ The hollow surges rise and fall,
+ The ships steal up the quiet bay;
+ I scarcely hear or see at all,
+ My thoughts are flown so far away.
+
+ They follow on yon sea-bird's track.
+ Beyond the beacon's crystal dome;
+ They will not falter, nor come back,
+ Until they find my darkened home.
+
+ Ah, woe is me! 'tis scarce a year
+ Since, gazing o'er this moaning main,
+ My thoughts flew home without a fear.
+ And with content returned again.
+
+ To-day, alas! the fancies dark
+ That from my laden bosom flew,
+ Returning, came into the ark,
+ Not with the olive, with the yew.
+
+ The ships draw slowly towards the strand,
+ The watchers' hearts with hope beat high;
+ But ne'er again wilt thou touch land--
+ Lost, lost in yonder sapphire sky!
+
+ --_Geo. H. Boker._
+
+
+
+
+_MILLERISM._
+
+
+Toward the close of the last century there was born in New
+England one William Miller, whose life, until he was past fifty,
+was the life of the average American of his time. He drank, we
+suppose, his share of New England rum, when a young man; married
+a comely Yankee girl, and reared a family of chubby-cheeked
+children; went about his business, whatever it was, on week
+days, and when Sunday came, went to meeting with commendable
+regularity. He certainly read the Old Testament, especially the
+Book of Daniel, and of the New Testament at least the Book of
+Revelation. Like many a wiser man before him, he was troubled at
+what he read, filled as it was with mystical numbers and strange
+beasts, and he sought to understand it, and to apply it to the
+days in which he lived. He made the discovery that the world
+was to be destroyed in 1843, and went to and fro in the land
+preaching that comfortable doctrine. He had many followers--as
+many as fifty thousand, it is said, who thought they were
+prepared for the end of all things; some going so far as to lay
+in a large stock of ascension robes. Though no writer himself, he
+was the cause of a great deal of writing on the part of others,
+who flooded the land with a special and curious literature--the
+literature of Millerism. It is not of that, however, that we
+would speak now.
+
+But before this Miller arose--we proceed to say, if only to show
+that we are familiar with other members of the family--there was
+another, and very different Miller, who was born in old England,
+about one hundred years earlier than our sadly, or gladly,
+mistaken Second Adventist. His Christian name was Joseph, and he
+was an actor of repute, celebrated for his excellence in some of
+the comedies of Congreve. The characters which he played may have
+been comic ones, but he was a serious man. Indeed, his gravity
+was so well known in his lifetime that it was reckoned the height
+of wit, when he was dead, to father off upon him a Jest Book!
+This joke, bad as it was, was better than any joke in the book.
+It made him famous, so famous that for the next hundred years
+every little _bon mot_ was laid at his door, metaphorically
+speaking, the puniest youngest brat of them being christened "Old
+Joe."
+
+After Joseph Miller had become what Mercutio calls "a grave man,"
+his descendants went into literature largely, as any one may
+see by turning to Allibone's very voluminous dictionary, where
+upwards of seventy of the name are immortalized, the most noted
+of whom are Thomas Miller, basket-maker and poet, and Hugh
+Miller, the learned stone-mason of Cromarty, whose many works, we
+confess with much humility, we have not read. To the sixty-eight
+Millers in Allibone (if that be the exact number), must now be
+added another--Mr. Joaquin Miller, who published, two or three
+months since, a collection of poems entitled "Songs of the
+Sierras." From which one of the Millers mentioned above his
+ancestry is derived, we are not informed; but, it would seem,
+from the one first-named. For clearly the end of all things
+literary cannot be far off, if Mr. Miller is the "coming poet,"
+for whom so many good people have been looking all their lives.
+We are inclined to think that such is not the fact. We think,
+on the whole, that it is to the other Miller--Joking Miller--his
+genealogy is to be traced.
+
+But who is Mr. Miller, and what has he done? A good many besides
+ourselves put that question, less than a year ago, and nobody
+could answer it. Nobody, that is, in America. In England he was a
+great man. He went over to England, unheralded, it is stated,
+and was soon discovered to be a poet. Swinburne took him up; the
+Rossettis took him up; the critics took him up; he was taken up
+by everybody in England, except the police, who, as a rule, fight
+shy of poets. He went to fashionable parties in a red shirt, with
+trowsers tucked into his boots, and instead of being shown to the
+door by the powdered footman, was received with enthusiasm. It is
+incredible, but it is true. A different state of society existed,
+thirty or forty years ago, when another American poet went to
+England; and we advise our readers, who have leisure at their
+command, to compare it with the present social lawlessness of the
+upper classes among the English. To do this, they have only
+to turn to the late N.P. Willis's "Pencilings by the Way," and
+contrast his descriptions of the fashionable life of London then,
+with almost any journalistic account of the same kind of life
+now. The contrast will be all the more striking if they will
+only hunt up the portraits of Disraeli, with his long, dark locks
+flowing on his shoulders, and the portrait of Bulwer, behind his
+"stunning" waistcoat, and his cascade of neck-cloth, and then
+imagine Mr. Miller standing beside them, in his red shirt and
+high-topped California boots! Like Byron, Mr. Miller "woke up one
+morning and found himself famous."
+
+We compare the sudden famousness of Mr. Miller with the sudden
+famousness of Byron, because the English critics have done so;
+and because they are pleased to consider Mr. Miller as Byron's
+successor! Byron, we are told, was the only poet whom he had
+read, before he went to England; and is the only poet to whom he
+bears a resemblance. How any of these critics could have
+arrived at this conclusion, with the many glaring imitations
+of Swinburne--at his worst--staring him in the face from Mr.
+Miller's volume, is inconceivable. But, perhaps, they do not read
+Swinburne. Do they read Byron?
+
+There are, however, some points of resemblance between Byron and
+Mr. Miller. Byron traveled, when young, in countries not much
+visited by the English; Mr. Miller claims to have traveled, when
+young, in countries not visited by the English at all. This was,
+and is, an advantage to both Byron and Mr. Miller. But it was,
+and is, a serious disadvantage to their readers, who cannot well
+ascertain the truth, or falsehood, of the poets they admire. The
+accuracy of Byron's descriptions of foreign lands has long
+been admitted; the accuracy of Mr. Miller's descriptions is not
+admitted, we believe, by those who are familiar with the ground
+he professes to have gone over.
+
+Another point of resemblance between Byron and Mr. Miller is,
+that the underlying idea of their poetry is autobiographic. We
+do not say that it was really so in Byron's case, although he, we
+know, would have had us believe as much; nor do we say that it
+is really so in Mr. Miller's case, although he, too, we suspect,
+would have us believe as much.
+
+Mr. Miller resembles Byron as his "Arizonian" resembles Byron's
+"Lara." _Lara_ and _Arizonian_ are birds of the same dark
+feather. They have journeyed in strange lands; they have had
+strange experiences; they have returned to Civilization. Each, in
+his way, is a Blighted Being! "Who is she?" we inquire with the
+wise old Spanish Judge, for, certainly, _Woman_ is at the bottom
+of it all. If our readers wish to know _what_ woman, we refer
+them to "Arizonian:" they, of course, have read "Lara."
+
+Byron was a great poet, but Byronism is dead. Mr. Miller is not a
+great poet, and his spurious Byronism will not live. We shall all
+see the end of Millerism.
+
+
+
+
+_THE REAL ROMANCE._
+
+
+The author laid down his pen, and leaned back in his big easy
+chair. The last word had been written--Finis--and there was the
+complete book, quite a tall pile of manuscript, only waiting for
+the printer's hands to become immortal: so the author whispered
+to himself. He had worked hard upon it; great pains had been
+expended upon the delineations of character, and the tone and
+play of incident; the plot, too, had been worked up with much
+artistic force and skill; and, above all, everything was so
+strikingly original; no one, in regarding the various characters
+of the tale, could say: this is intended for so-and-so! No,
+nothing precisely like the persons in his romance had ever
+actually existed; of that the author was certain, and in that he
+was very probably correct. To be sure, there was the character
+of the country girl, Mary, which he had taken from his own
+little waiting-maid: but that was a very subordinate element,
+and although, on the whole, he rather regretted having introduced
+anything so incongruous and unimaginative, he decided to let it
+go. The romance, as a whole, was too great to be injured by one
+little country girl, drawn from real life. "And by the way,"
+murmured the author to himself, "I wish Mary would bring in my
+tea."
+
+He settled himself still more comfortably in his easy chair, and
+thought, and looked at his manuscript; and the manuscript looked
+back; but all _its_ thinking had been done for it. Neither
+spoke--the author, because the book already knew all he had to
+say; and the book, because its time to speak and be immortal had
+not yet arrived. The fire had all the talking to itself, and it
+cackled, and hummed, and skipped about so cheerfully that one
+would have imagined it expected to be the very first to receive
+a presentation copy of the work on the table. "How I would devour
+its contents!" laughed the fire.
+
+Perhaps the author did not comprehend the full force of the
+fire's remark, but the voice was so cosy and soothing, the
+fire itself so ruddy and genial, and the easy chair so softly
+cushioned and hospitable, that he very soon fell into a condition
+which enabled him to see, hear, and understand a great many
+things which might seem remarkable, and, indeed, almost
+incredible.
+
+The manuscript on the table which had hitherto remained perfectly
+quiet, now rustled its leaves nervously, and finally flung
+itself wide open. A murmur then arose, as of several voices, and
+presently there appeared (though whether stepping from between
+the leaves of the book itself, or growing together from the
+surrounding atmosphere, the author could not well make out)
+a number of peculiar-looking individuals, at the first glance
+appearing to be human beings, though a clear investigation
+revealed in each some odd lack or exaggeration of gesture,
+feature, or manner, which might create a doubt as to whether they
+actually were, after all, what they purported to be, or only some
+_lusus naturae_. But the author was not slow to recognize them,
+more especially as, happening to cast a glance at the manuscript,
+he noticed that it was such no longer, but a collection of
+unwritten sheets of paper, blank as when it lay in the drawer at
+the stationer's--unwitting of the lofty destiny awaiting it.
+
+Here, then, were the immortal creations which were soon to
+astound the world, come, in person, to pay their respects to the
+author of their being. He arose and made a profound obeisance to
+the august company, which they one and all returned, though in
+such a queer variety of ways, that the author, albeit aware that
+every individual had the best of reasons for employing, under
+certain special circumstances, his or her particular manner of
+salute, could scarcely forbear smiling at the effect they all
+together produced in his own unpretending study.
+
+"Your welcome visit," said the author, addressing his guests
+with all the geniality of which he was master (for they
+seemed somewhat stiff and ill-at-ease), "gives me peculiar
+gratification. I regret not having asked some of my friends, the
+critics, up here to make your acquaintance. I am sure you would
+all come to the best possible understanding directly."
+
+"They cannot fathom _me_," exclaimed a strikingly handsome young
+man, with pale lofty brow, and dark clustering locks, who was
+leaning with proud grace against the mantel-piece. "They may
+take my life, but they cannot read my soul." And he laughed,
+scornfully, as he always did.
+
+[Illustration: THE NOONING.--AFTER DARLEY.]
+
+
+This was a passage from that famous ante-mortem soliloquy in
+which the hero of the romance indulges in the last chapter but
+one. The author, while, of course, he could not deny that the
+elegance of the diction was only equaled by the originality of
+the sentiment, yet felt a slight uneasiness that his hero should
+adopt so defiant a tone with those who were indeed to be the
+arbiters of his existence.
+
+"I'm afraid there's not enough perception of the _comme il faut_
+in him to suit the every-day world," muttered he. "To be sure,
+he was not constructed for ordinary ends. Do you find yourself
+at home in this life, madame?" he continued aloud, turning to a
+young lady of matchless beauty, whose brief career of passionate
+love and romantic misery the author had described in thrilling
+chapters. She raised her luminous eyes to his, and murmured
+reproachfully: "Why speak to me of Life? if it be not Love, it is
+Life no longer!"
+
+It was very beautiful, and the author recollected having thought,
+at the time he wrote it down, that it was about the most forcible
+sentence in that most powerful passage of his book. But it
+was rather an exaggerated tone to adopt in the face of such
+common-place surroundings. Had this exquisite creature, after
+all, no better sense of the appropriate?
+
+"No one can know better than I, my dear Constance," said the
+author, in a fatherly tone, "what a beautiful, tender, and lofty
+soul yours is; but would it not be well, once in a while, to
+veil its lustre--to subdue it to a tint more in keeping with the
+unvariegated hue of common circumstance?"
+
+"Heartless and cruel!" sobbed Constance, falling upon the sofa,
+"hast thou not made me what I am?"
+
+This accusation, intended by the author to be leveled at the
+traitor lover, quite took him aback when directed, with so much
+aptness, too, at his respectable self. But whom but himself
+could he blame, if, when common sense demanded only civility
+and complaisance, she persisted in adhering to the tragic and
+sentimental? He was provoked that he had not noticed this defect
+in time to remedy it; yet he had once considered Constance as,
+perhaps, the completest triumph of his genius! There seemed to
+be something particularly disenchanting in the atmosphere of that
+study.
+
+"I'm afraid you're a failure, ma'am, after all," sighed the
+author, eyeing her disconsolately. "You're so one-sided!"
+
+At this heartless observation the lady gave a harrowing shriek,
+thereby summoning to her side a broad-shouldered young fellow,
+clad in soldier's garb, with a countenance betokening much
+boldness and determination. He faced the author with an angry
+frown, which the latter at once recognized as being that of
+Constance's brother Sam.
+
+"Now then, old bloke!" sang out that young gentleman, "what new
+deviltry are you up to? Down on your knees and beg her pardon,
+or, by George! I'll run you through the body!"
+
+On this character the author had expended much thought and care.
+He was the type of the hardy and bold adventurer, rough and
+unpolished, perhaps, but of true and sterling metal, who, by dint
+of his vigorous common sense and honest, energetic nature, should
+at once clear and lighten whatever in the atmosphere of the story
+was obscure and sombre; and, by the salutary contrast of his
+fresh and rugged character with the delicate or morbid traits
+of his fellow beings, lend a graceful symmetry to the whole. The
+sentence Sam had just delivered with so much emphasis ought to
+have been addressed to the traitor lover, when discovered in the
+act of inconstancy, and, so given, would have been effective and
+dramatic. But at a juncture like the present, the author felt it
+to be simply ludicrous, and had he not been so mortified, would
+have laughed outright!
+
+"Don't make a fool of yourself, Sam," remonstrated he. "Reflect
+whom you're addressing, and in what company you are, and do try
+and talk like a civilized being."
+
+"Come, come! no palaver," returned Sam, in a loud and boisterous
+tone (to do him justice, he had never been taught any other);
+"down on your marrow-bones at once, or here goes for your
+gizzard!" and he drew his sword with a flourish.
+
+So this was the rough diamond--the epitome of common sense! Why,
+he was a half-witted, impertinent, overbearing booby, and his
+author longed to get him across his knee, and correct him in the
+good old way. But meantime the point of the young warrior's
+sword was getting unpleasantly near the left breast-pocket of
+the author's dressing gown (which he wore at the time), and the
+latter happened to recollect, with a nervous thrill, that this
+was the sword which mortally wounded the traitor lover (for whom
+Sam evidently mistook him) during the stirring combat so vividly
+described in the twenty-second chapter. Could he but have
+foreseen the future, what a different ending that engagement
+should have had! But again it was too late, and the author sprang
+behind the big easy chair with astonishing agility, and from that
+vantage ground endeavored to bring on a parley.
+
+Yet how could he argue and expostulate against himself? How
+arraign Sam of harboring murderous designs which he had himself
+implanted in his bosom? How, indeed, expect him to comprehend
+conversation so entirely foreign to his experience? It was an
+awkward dilemma.
+
+It was Sam who took it by the horns. Somebody, he felt, must be
+mortally wounded; and finding himself defrauded of one subject,
+he took up with the next he encountered, which chanced to be none
+other than the venerable and white-haired gentleman who filled
+the position, in the tale, of a wealthy and benevolent uncle. The
+author, having always felt a sentiment of exceptional respect and
+admiration for this reverend and patriarchal personage, who
+by his gentle words and sage counsels, no less than his noble
+generosity, had done so much to elevate and sweeten the tone
+of his book, fell into an ecstasy of terror at witnessing the
+approach of his seemingly inevitable destruction; especially as
+he perceived that the poor old fellow (who never in his life had
+met with aught but reverence and affection, and knew nothing
+of the nature of deadly weapons and impulses) was, so far, from
+attempting to defend himself, or even escape, actually opening
+his arms to the widest extent of avuncular hospitality, and
+preparing to take his assassin, sword and all, into his fond and
+forgiving heart!
+
+"You old fool!" shrieked the author, in the excess of his
+irritation and despair; "he isn't your repentant nephew! Why
+can't you keep your forgiveness until it's wanted?"
+
+But Uncle Dudley having been created solely to forgive and
+benefit, was naturally incapable of taking care of himself, and
+would certainly have been run through the ample white waistcoat,
+had not an unexpected and wholly unprecedented interruption
+averted so awful a catastrophe.
+
+A small, graceful figure, wearing a picturesque white cap, with
+jaunty ribbons, and a short scarlet petticoat, from beneath which
+peeped the prettiest feet and ancles ever seen, stepped suddenly
+between the philanthropic victim and his would-be-murderer,
+dealt the latter a vigorous blow across the face with a broom
+she carried, thereby toppling him over ignominiously into the
+coal-scuttle, and then, placing her plump hands saucily
+akimbo, she exclaimed with enchanting _naivete_: "There! Mr.
+Free-and-easy! take _that_ for your imperance."
+
+This little incident caused the author to fall back into his easy
+chair in a condition of profound emotion. It appeared to have
+corrected a certain dimness or obliquity in his vision, of the
+existence of which its cure rendered him for the first time
+conscious. The appearance of the little country girl (whose very
+introduction into the romance the author had looked upon with
+misgivings) had afforded the first gleam of natural, refreshing,
+wholesome interest--in fact, the only relief to all that was
+vapid, irrational, and unreal--which the combined action of the
+characters in his romance had succeeded in producing. But the
+enchantress who had effected this, so far from being the most
+unadulterated product of his own brain and genius, was the only
+one of all his _dramatis personae_ who was not in the slightest
+degree indebted to him for her existence. She was nothing
+more than an accurate copy of Mary the house-maid, while the
+others--the mis-formed, ill-balanced, one-sided creations, who,
+the moment they were placed beyond the pale of their written
+instructions--put out of the regular and pre-arranged order of
+their going--displayed in every word and gesture their utter
+lack and want of comprehension of the simplest elements of human
+nature: _these_ were the unaided offspring of the author's fancy.
+And yet it was by help of such as these he had thought to push
+his way to immortality! How the world would laugh at him! and,
+as he thought this, a few bitter tears of shame and humiliation
+trickled down the sides of the poor man's nose.
+
+Presently he looked up. The warlike Sam remained sitting
+disconsolately in the coal-hod; his instructions suggested no
+means of extrication. Forsaken Constance lay fainting on the
+sofa, waiting for some one to chafe her hands and bathe her
+temples. The strikingly handsome betrayer leant in sullen and
+gloomy silence against the mantel-piece, ready to treat all
+advances with stern and defiant obduracy. The benevolent uncle
+stood with open arms and bland smile, never doubting but
+that everybody was preparing for a simultaneous rush to, and
+participation in, his embrace; and, finally, the pretty little
+country girl, with her arms akimbo and her nose in the air,
+remained mistress of the situation. Her unheard of innovation, of
+having done something timely, sensible, and decisive, even
+though not put down in the book, seemed to have paralyzed all the
+others. Ah! she was the only one there who was not less than a
+shadow. The author felt his desolate heart yearn towards her, and
+the next moment found himself on his knees at her feet.
+
+"Mary," cried he, "you are my only reality. The others are empty
+and soulless, but you have a heart. They are the children of a
+conceited brain and visionary experience; you, only, have I drawn
+simply and unaffectedly, as you actually existed. Except for
+you, whom I slighted and despised, my whole romance had been an
+unmitigated falsehood. To you I owe my preservation from worse
+than folly, and my initiation into true wisdom. Mary--dear
+Mary, in return I have but one thing to offer you--my heart! Can
+you--_will_ you not love me?"--
+
+To his intense surprise, Mary, instead of evincing a becoming
+sense of her romantic situation, burst forth into a merry peal
+of laughter, and, catching him by one shoulder, gave him a hearty
+shake.
+
+"La sakes! Mr. Author, do wake up! did ever anybody hear such a
+man!"
+
+There was his room, his fire, his chair, his table, and his
+closely-written manuscript lying quietly upon it. There was
+he himself on his knees on the carpet, and--there was Mary the
+house-maid, one hand holding the brimming tea-pot, the other held
+by the author against his lips, and laughing and blushing in a
+tumult of surprise, amusement and, perhaps, something better than
+either.
+
+"Did I say I loved you, Mary?" enquired the author, in a state of
+bewilderment. "Never mind! I say now that I love you with all my
+heart and soul, and ten times as much when awake, as when I was
+dreaming! Will you marry me?"
+
+Mary only blushed rosier then ever. But she and the author always
+thereafter took their tea cosily together.
+
+As for the romance, the author took it and threw it into the
+fire, which roared a genial acknowledgment, and in five minutes
+had made itself thoroughly acquainted with every page. There
+remained a bunch of black flakes, and in the center one soft
+glowing spark, which lingered a long while ere finally taking
+its flight up the chimney. It was the description of the little
+country girl.
+
+"The next book I write shall be all about you," the author used
+to say to his wife, in after years, as they sat together before
+the fire-place, and watched the bright blaze roar up the chimney.
+
+ --_Julian Hawthorne._
+
+
+
+
+_A FROSTY DAY._
+
+
+ Grass afield wears silver thatch,
+ Palings all are edged with rime,
+ Frost-flowers pattern round the latch,
+ Cloud nor breeze dissolve the clime;
+
+ When the waves are solid floor,
+ And the clods are iron-bound,
+ And the boughs are crystall'd hoar,
+ And the red leaf nail'd aground.
+
+ When the fieldfare's flight is slow,
+ And a rosy vapor rim,
+ Now the sun is small and low,
+ Belts along the region dim.
+
+ When the ice-crack flies and flaws,
+ Shore to shore, with thunder shock,
+ Deeper than the evening daws,
+ Clearer than the village clock.
+
+ When the rusty blackbird strips,
+ Bunch by bunch, the coral thorn,
+ And the pale day-crescent dips,
+ New to heaven a slender horn.
+
+ --_John Leicester Warren._
+
+ * * * * *
+
+Those who come last seem to enter with advantage. They are
+born to the wealth of antiquity. The materials for judging are
+prepared, and the foundations of knowledge are laid to their
+hands. Besides, if the point was tried by antiquity, antiquity
+would lose it; for the present age is really the oldest, and has
+the largest experience to plead.--_Jeremy Collier_.
+
+
+[Illustration: COMING OUT OF SCHOOL.--VAUTIER.]
+
+
+
+
+_COMING OUT OF SCHOOL._
+
+
+If there be any happier event in the life of a child than coming
+out of school, few children are wise enough to discover it. We do
+not refer to children who go to school unwillingly--thoughtless
+wights--whose heads are full of play, and whose hands are
+prone to mischief:--that these should delight in escaping the
+restraints of the school-room, and the eye of its watchful
+master, is a matter of course. We refer to children generally,
+the good and the bad, the studious and the idle, in short, to
+all who belong to the _genus_ Boy. Perhaps we should include the
+_genus_ Girl, also, but of that we are not certain; for, not
+to dwell upon the fact that we have never been a girl, and are,
+therefore, unable to enter into the feelings of girlhood, we hold
+that girls are better than boys, as women are better than men,
+and that, consequently, they take more kindly to school life.
+What boys are we know, unless the breed has changed very much
+since we were young, which is now upwards of--but our age
+does not concern the reader. We did not take kindly to school,
+although we were sadly in need of what we could only obtain in
+school, viz., learning. We went to school with reluctance,
+and remained with discomfort; for we were not as robust as the
+children of our neighbors. We hated school. We did not dare to
+play truant, however, like other boys whom we knew (we were not
+courageous enough for that); so we kept on going, fretting, and
+pining, and--learning.
+
+Oh the long days (the hot days of summer, and the cold days of
+winter), when we had to sit for hours on hard wooden benches,
+before uncomfortable desks, bending over grimy slates and
+ink-besprinkled "copy books," and poring over studies in which
+we took no interest--geography, which we learned by rote;
+arithmetic, which always evaded us, and grammar, which we never
+could master. We could repeat the "rules," but we could not
+"parse;" we could cipher, but our sums would not "prove;" we
+could rattle off the productions of Italy--"corn, wine, silk and
+oil"--but we could not "bound" the State in which we lived. We
+were conscious of these defects, and deplored them. Our teachers
+were also conscious of them, and flogged us! We had a morbid
+dread of corporeal punishment, and strove to the uttermost to
+avoid it; but it made no difference, it came all the same--came
+as surely and swiftly to us as to the bad boys who played
+"hookey," the worse boys who fought, and the worst boy who once
+stoned his master in the street. With such a school record as
+this, is it to be wondered at that we rejoiced when school was
+out? And rejoiced still more when we were out of school?
+
+The feeling which we had then appears to be shared by the
+children in our illustration. Not for the same reasons, however;
+for we question whether the most ignorant of their number does
+not know more of grammar than we do to-day, and is not better
+acquainted with the boundaries of Germany than we could ever
+force ourselves to be. We like these little fellows for what they
+are, and what they will probably be. And we like their master, a
+grave, simple-hearted man, whose proper place would appear to be
+the parish-pulpit. What his scholars learn will be worth knowing,
+if it be not very profound. They will learn probity and goodness,
+and it will not be ferruled into them either. Clearly, they do
+not fear the master, or they would not be so unconstrained in his
+presence. They would not make snow balls, as one has done, and
+another is doing. Soon they will begin to pelt each other, and
+the passers by will not mind the snow balls, if they will only
+remember how they themselves felt, and behaved, after coming out
+of school.
+
+There is not much in a group of children coming out of school. So
+one might say at first sight, but a little reflection will show
+the fallacy of the remark. One would naturally suppose that in
+every well-regulated State of antiquity measures would have been
+taken to ensure the education of all classes of the community,
+but such was not the case. The Spartans under Lycurgus were
+educated, but their education was mainly a physical one, and
+it did not reach the lower orders. The education of Greece
+generally, even when the Greek mind had attained its highest
+culture, was still largely physical--philosophers, statesmen,
+and poets priding themselves as much upon their athletic feats
+as upon their intellectual endowments. The schools of Rome were
+private, and were confined to the patricians. There was a change
+for the better when Christianity became the established religion.
+Public schools were recommended by a council in the sixth
+century, but rather as a means of teaching the young the
+rudiments of their faith, under the direction of the clergy, than
+as a means of giving them general instruction. It was not until
+the close of the twelfth century that a council ordained the
+establishment of grammar schools in cathedrals for the gratuitous
+instruction of the poor; and not until a century later that the
+ordinance was carried into effect at Lyons. Luther found time,
+amid his multitudinous labors, to interest himself in popular
+education; and, in 1527, he drew up, with the aid of Melanchthon,
+what is known as the Saxon School System. The seed was sown, but
+the Thirty Years' War prevented its coming to a speedy maturity.
+In the middle of the last century several of the German States
+passed laws making it compulsory upon parents to send their
+children to school at a certain age; but these laws were not
+really obeyed until the beginning of the present century. German
+schools are now open to the poorest as well as the richest
+children. The only people, except the Germans, who thought of
+common schools at an early period are the Scotch.
+
+It cost, we see, some centuries of mental blindness to discover
+the need of, and some centuries of struggling to establish
+schools.
+
+
+[Illustration: THE BRIDGE OF SIGHS.]
+
+
+
+
+_A GLIMPSE OF VENICE._
+
+
+The spell which Venice has cast over the English poets is as
+powerful, in its way, as was the influence of Italian literature
+upon the early literature of England. From Chaucer down, the
+poets have turned to Italy for inspiration, and, what is still
+better, have found it. It is not too much to say that the
+"Canterbury Tales" could not have existed, in their present
+form, if Boccaccio had not written the "Decameron;" and it is to
+Boccaccio we are told that the writers of his time were indebted
+for their first knowledge of Homer. Wyatt and Surrey transplanted
+what they could of grace from Petrarch into the rough England of
+Henry the Eighth. We know what the early dramatists owe to the
+Italian storytellers. They went to their novels for the plots
+of their plays, as the novelists of to-day go to the criminal
+calendar for the plots of their stories. Shakspeare appears so
+familiar with Italian life that Mr. Charles Armitage Brown, the
+author of a very curious work on Shakspeare's Sonnets, declares
+that he must have visited Italy, basing this conclusion on the
+minute knowledge of certain Italian localities shown in some of
+his later plays. At home in Verona, Milan, Mantua, and Padua,
+Shakspeare is nowhere so much so as in Venice.
+
+It is impossible to think of Venice without remembering the
+poets; and the poet who is first remembered is Byron. If our
+thoughts are touched with gravity as they should be when we dwell
+upon the sombre aspects of Venice--when we look, as here, for
+example, on the Bridge of Sighs--we find ourselves repeating:
+
+ "I stood in Venice, on the Bridge of Sighs."
+
+If we are in a gayer mood, as we are likely to be after looking
+at the brilliant carnival-scene which greets us at the threshold
+of the present number of _THE ALDINE_, we recall the opening
+passages of Byron's merry poem of "Beppo:"
+
+ "Of all the places where the Carnival
+ Was most facetious in the days of yore,
+ For dance, and song, and serenade, and ball,
+ And masque, and mime, and mystery, and more
+ Than I have time to tell now, or at all,
+ Venice the bell from every city bore."
+
+ * * * * *
+
+ "And there are dresses splendid, but fantastical,
+ Masks of all times, and nations, Turks and Jews,
+ And harlequins and clowns, with feats gymnastical,
+ Greeks, Romans, Yankee-doodles, and Hindoos
+ All kinds of dress, except the ecclesiastical,
+ All people, as their fancies hit, may choose,
+ But no one in these parts may quiz the clergy,
+ Therefore take heed, ye Freethinkers! I charge ye."
+
+
+The Bridge of Sighs (to return to prose) is a long covered
+gallery, leading from the ducal palace to the old State prisons
+of Venice. It was frequently traversed, we may be sure, in the
+days of some of the Doges, to one of whom, our old friend, and
+Byron's--Marino Faliero--the erection of the ducal palace is
+sometimes falsely ascribed. Founded in the year 800, A.D., the
+ducal palace was afterwards destroyed five times, and each time
+arose from its ruins with increasing splendor until it became,
+what it is now, a stately marble building of the Saracenic style
+of architecture, with a grand staircase and noble halls, adorned
+with pictures by Titian, Tintoretto, Paul Veronese, and other
+famous masters.
+
+It would be difficult to find gloomier dungeons, even in the
+worst strongholds of despotism, than those in which the State
+prisoners of Venice were confined. These "pozzi," or wells, were
+sunk in the thick walls, under the flooring of the chamber at the
+foot of the Bridge of Sighs. There were twelve of them formerly,
+and they ran down three or four stories. The Venetian of old time
+abhorred them as deeply as his descendants, who, on the first
+arrival of the conquering French, attempted to block or break up
+the lowest of them, but were not entirely successful; for, when
+Byron was in Venice, it was not uncommon for adventurous tourists
+to descend by a trap-door, and crawl through holes, half choked
+by rubbish, to the depth of two stories below the first range.
+So says the writer of the _Notes_ to the fourth canto of "Childe
+Harolde" (Byron's friend Hobhouse, if our memory serves), who
+adds, "If you are in want of consolation for the extinction of
+patrician power, perhaps you may find it there. Scarcely a ray of
+light glimmers into the narrow gallery which leads to the cells,
+and the places of confinement themselves are totally dark. A
+little hole in the wall admitted the damp air of the passages,
+and served for the introduction of the prisoner's food. A
+wooden pallet, about a foot or so from the ground, was the only
+furniture. The conductors tell you a light was not allowed. The
+cells are about five paces in length, two and a half in width,
+and seven feet in height. They are directly beneath one another,
+and respiration is somewhat difficult in the lower holes. Only
+one prisoner was found when the Republicans descended into these
+hideous recesses, and he is said to have been confined sixteen
+years." When the prisoner's hour came he was taken out and
+strangled in a cell upon the Bridge of Sighs!
+
+And this was in Venice! The grand old Republic which was once the
+greatest Power of Eastern Europe; the home of great artists and
+architects, renowned the world over for arts and arms; the Venice
+of "blind old Dandolo," who led her galleys to victory at the
+ripe old age of eighty; the Venice of Doge Foscari, whose son
+she tortured, imprisoned and murdered, and whose own paternal,
+patriotic, great heart she broke; the Venice of gay gallants, and
+noble, beautiful ladies; the Venice of mumming, masking, and the
+carnival; the bright, beautiful Venice of Shakspeare, Otway, and
+Byron; joyous, loving Venice; cruel, fatal Venice!
+
+ * * * * *
+
+MODERN SATIRE.--A satire on everything is a satire on nothing;
+it is mere absurdity. All contempt, all disrespect, implies
+something respected, as a standard to which it is referred; just
+as every valley implies a hill. The _persiflage_ of the French
+and of fashionable worldlings, which turns into ridicule
+the exceptions and yet abjures the rules, is like Trinculo's
+government--its latter end forgets its beginning. Can there be a
+more mortal, poisonous consumption and asphyxy of the mind than
+this decline and extinction of all reverence?--_Jean Paul_.
+
+
+
+
+_WINTER PICTURES FROM THE POETS._
+
+
+Although English Poetry abounds with pictures of the seasons, its
+Winter pictures are neither numerous, nor among its best. For
+one good snow-piece we can readily find twenty delicate Spring
+pictures--twinkling with morning dew, and odorous with the
+perfume of early flowers. It would be easy to make a large
+gallery of Summer pictures; and another gallery, equally large,
+which should contain only the misty skies, the dark clouds, and
+the falling leaves of Autumn. Not so with Winter scenes. Not that
+the English poets have not painted the last, and painted them
+finely, but that as a rule they have not taken kindly to the
+work. They prefer to do what Keats did in one of his poems, viz.,
+make Winter a point of departure from which Fancy shall wing her
+way to brighter days:
+
+ "Fancy, high-commissioned; send her!
+ She has vassals to attend her,
+ She will bring, in spite of frost,
+ Beauties that the earth hath lost,
+ She will bring thee, all together,
+ All delights of summer weather."
+
+But we must not let Keats come between us and the few among his
+fellows who have sung of Winter for us. Above all, we must not
+let him keep his and our master, Shakspeare, waiting:
+
+ "When icicles hang by the wall,
+ And Dick the shepherd blows his nail,
+ And Tom bears logs into the hall,
+ And milk comes frozen home in pail,
+ When blood is nipped, and ways be foul,
+ Then nightly sings the staring owl,
+ To-whoo;
+ To-whit, to-whoo, a merry note,
+ While greasy Joan doth keel the pot.
+
+ "When all aloud the wind doth blow,
+ And coughing drowns the parson's saw,
+ And birds sit brooding in the snow,
+ And Marian's nose looks red and raw.
+ When roasted crabs hiss in the bowl,
+ Then nightly sings the staring owl,
+ To-whoo;
+ To-whit, to-whoo, a merry note,
+ While greasy Joan doth keel the pot."
+
+From Shakspeare to Thomson is something of a descent, but we must
+make it before we can find any Winter poetry worth quoting.
+Here is a picture, ready-made, for Landseer to put into form and
+color:
+
+ "There, warm together pressed, the trooping deer
+ Sleep on the new-fallen snows; and scarce his head
+ Raised o'er the heapy wreath, the branching elk
+ Lies slumbering sullen in the white abyss.
+ The ruthless hunter wants nor dogs nor toils,
+ Nor with the dread of sounding bows he drives
+ The fearful flying race: with ponderous clubs,
+ As weak against the mountain-heaps they push
+ Their beating breast in vain, and piteous bray,
+ He lays them quivering on the ensanguined snows,
+ And with loud shouts rejoicing bears them home."
+
+Cowper is superior to Thomson as a painter of Winter, although it
+is doubtful whether he was by nature the better poet. Here is one
+of his pictures:
+
+ "The cattle mourn in corners, where the fence
+ Screens them, and seem half petrified with sleep
+ In unrecumbent sadness. There they wait
+ Their wonted fodder; not like hungering man,
+ Fretful if unsupplied; but silent, meek,
+ And patient of the slow-paced swain's delay.
+ He, from the stack, carves out the accustomed load,
+ Deep plunging, and again deep plunging oft,
+ The broad keen knife into the solid mass:
+ Smooth as a wall, the upright remnant stands,
+ With such undeviating and even force
+ He severs it away: no needless care,
+ Lest storms should overset the leaning pile
+ Deciduous, or its own unbalanced weight.
+ Forth goes the woodman, leaving, unconcerned,
+ The cheerful haunts of man, to wield the axe
+ And drive the wedge in yonder forest drear,
+ From morn to eve his solitary task.
+ Shaggy, and lean, and shrewd, with pointed ears
+ And tail cropped short, half lurcher and half cur,
+ His dog attends him. Close behind his heel
+ Now creeps he slow; and now, with many a frisk,
+ Wide scampering, snatches up the drifted snow
+ With ivory teeth, or ploughs it with his snout;
+ Then shakes his powdered coat, and barks for joy.
+ Heedless of all his pranks, the sturdy churl
+ Moves right toward the mark; nor stops for aught,
+ But now and then, with pressure of his thumb
+ To adjust the fragrant charge of a short tube
+ That fumes beneath his nose: the trailing cloud
+ Streams far behind him, scenting all the air.
+ Now from the roost, or from the neighboring pale,
+ Where, diligent to cast the first faint gleam
+ Of smiling day, they gossiped side by side,
+ Come trooping at the housewife's well-known call
+ The feathered tribes domestic. Half on wing,
+ And half on foot, they brush the fleecy flood,
+ Conscious and fearful of too deep a plunge.
+ The sparrows peep, and quit the sheltering eaves,
+ To seize the fair occasion; well they eye
+ The scattered grain, and thievishly resolved
+ To escape the impending famine, often scared
+ As oft return, a pert voracious kind.
+ Clean riddance quickly made, one only care
+ Remains to each, the search of sunny nook,
+ Or shed impervious to the blast. Resigned
+ To sad necessity, the cock foregoes
+ His wonted strut; and, wading at their head,
+ With well-considered steps, seems to resent
+ His altered gait and stateliness retrenched."
+
+The American poets have excelled their English brethren in
+painting the outward aspects of Winter. Here is Mr. Emerson's
+description of a snow storm:
+
+ "Announced by all the trumpets of the sky
+ Arrives the snow, and, driving o'er the fields,
+ Seems nowhere to alight: the whited air
+ Hides hills and woods, the river, and the heaven,
+ And veils the farm-house at the garden's end.
+ The sled and traveler stopped, the courier's feet
+ Delayed, all friends shut out, the housemates sit
+ Around the radiant fire-place, enclosed
+ In a tumultuous privacy of storm.
+ Come see the north wind's masonry.
+ Out of an unseen quarry evermore
+ Furnished with tile, the fierce artificer
+ Curves his white bastions with projected roof
+ Round every windward stake, or tree, or door.
+ Speeding, the myriad-handed, his wild work
+ So fanciful, so savage, nought cares he
+ For number or proportion. Mockingly
+ On coop or kennel he hangs Parian wreaths;
+ A swan-like form invests the hidden thorn:
+ Fills up the farmer's lane from wall to wall,
+ Maugre the farmer's sighs, and at the gate
+ A tapering turret overtops the work.
+ And when his hours are numbered, and the world
+ Is all his own, retiring, as he were not,
+ Leaves, when the sun appears, astonished Art
+ To mimic in slow structures, stone by stone,
+ Built in an age, the mad wind's night-work,
+ The frolic architecture of the snow."
+
+In Mr. Bryant's "Winter Piece" we have a brilliant description of
+frost-work:
+
+ "Look! the massy trunks
+ Are cased in the pure crystal; each light spray
+ Nodding and tinkling in the breath of heaven,
+ Is studded with its trembling water-drops,
+ That glimmer with an amethystine light.
+ But round the parent stem the long low boughs
+ Bend, in a glittering ring, and arbors hide
+ The glassy floor. Oh! you might deem the spot
+ The spacious cavern of some virgin mine,
+ Deep in the womb of earth--where the gems grow,
+ And diamonds put forth radiant rods and bud
+ With amethyst and topaz--and the place
+ Lit up, most royally, with the pure beam
+ That dwells in them. Or haply the vast hall
+ Of fairy palace, that outlasts the night,
+ And fades not in the glory of the sun;--
+ Where crystal columns send forth slender shafts
+ And crossing arches; and fantastic aisles
+ Wind from the sight in brightness, and are lost,
+ Among the crowded pillars. Raise thine eye;
+ Thou seest no cavern roof, no palace vault;
+ There the blue sky and the white drifting cloud
+ Look in. Again the wildered fancy dreams
+ Of spouting fountains, frozen as they rose,
+ And fixed, with all their branching jets, in air,
+ And all their sluices sealed. All, all is light;
+ Light without shade. But all shall pass away
+ With the next sun. From numberless vast trunks,
+ Loosened, the crashing ice shall make a sound
+ Like the far roar of rivers, and the eve
+ Shall close o'er the brown woods as it was wont."
+
+Winter, itself, has never been more happily impersonated than by
+dear old Spenser. We meant to close with his portrait of Winter,
+but, on second thoughts, we give, as more seasonable, his
+description of January. The fourth line can hardly fail to
+remind the reader of the second line of Shakspeare's song, and
+to suggest the query--whether Shakspeare borrowed from Spenser,
+Spenser from Shakspeare, or both from Nature?
+
+ "Then came old January, wrapped well
+ In many weeds to keep the cold away;
+ Yet did he quake and quiver like to quell,
+ And blow his nayles to warme them if he may;
+ For they were numbed with holding all the day
+ An hatchet keene, with which he felled wood
+ And from the trees did lop the needlesse spray:
+ Upon an huge great earth-pot steane he stood,
+ From whose wide mouth there flowed forth the Romane floud."
+
+ * * * * *
+
+As long as you are engaged in the world, you must comply with its
+maxims; because nothing is more unprofitable than the wisdom of
+those persons who set up for reformers of the age. 'Tis a part
+a man can not act long, without offending his friends, and
+rendering himself ridiculous.--_St. Gosemond_.
+
+
+
+
+_THE PAVILIONS ON THE LAKE._
+
+FROM THE FRENCH OF THEOPHILE GAUTIER.
+
+
+In the province of Canton, several miles from the city, there
+once lived two rich Chinese merchants, retired from business. One
+of them was named Tou, the other Kouan. Both were possessed
+of great riches, and were persons of much consequence in the
+community.
+
+Tou and Kouan were distant relatives, and from early youth had
+lived and worked side by side. Bound by ties of great affection,
+they had built their homes near together, and every evening they
+met with a few select friends to pass the hours in delightful
+intercourse. Both possessed of much talent, they vied with each
+other in the production of exquisite Chinese handiwork, and spent
+the evenings in tracing poetry and fancy designs on rice-paper
+as they drank each other's success in tiny glasses of delicate
+cordial. But their characters, apparently so harmonious, as time
+went on grew more and more apart; they were like an almond tree,
+growing as one stem, until little by little the branches divide
+so that the topmost twigs are far from each other--half sending
+their bitter perfume through the whole garden, while the other
+half scatter their snow-white flowers outside the garden wall.
+
+From year to year Tou grew more serious; his figure increased in
+dignity, even his double chin wore a solemn expression, and he
+spent his whole time composing moral inscriptions to hang over
+the doors of his pavilion.
+
+Kouan, on the contrary, grew jolly as his years increased. He
+sang more gaily than ever in praise of wine, flowers, and birds.
+His spirit, unburdened by vulgar cares, was light like a young
+man's, and he dreamed of nothing but pure enjoyment.
+
+Little by little an intense hatred sprang up between the friends.
+They could not meet without indulging in bitter sarcasm. They
+were like two hedges of brambles, bristling with sharp thorns. At
+last, things came to such a pass that they could no longer endure
+each other's society, and each hung a tablet by the door of his
+dwelling, stating that no person from the neighboring house would
+be allowed to cross the threshold on any pretext whatever.
+
+They would have been glad to move their houses to different parts
+of the country, but, unhappily, this was not possible. Tou even
+tried to sell his property but he set such an unreasonable price
+that no buyer appeared, and he was, moreover, unwilling to
+leave all the treasures he had accumulated there--the sculptured
+wainscotting, the polished panels, like mirrors, the transparent
+windows, the gilded lattice-work, the bamboo lounges, the vases
+of rare porcelain, the red and black lacquered cabinets, and the
+cases full of books of ancient poetry. It was hard to give up to
+strangers the garden where he had planted shade and fruit trees
+with his own hands, and where, each spring he had watched the
+opening of the flowers; where in short, each object was bound to
+his heart by ties delicate as the finest silk, but strong as iron
+chains.
+
+In the days of their friendship, Tou and Kouan had each built a
+pavilion in his garden, on the shore of a lake, common to both
+estates. It had been a great delight to sit in their separate
+balconies and exchange friendly salutations while they smoked
+opium in pipes of delicate porcelain. But after becoming enemies
+they built a wall which divided the lake into two equal portions.
+The water was so deep that the wall was supported on a series of
+arches, through which the water flowed freely, reflecting upon
+its placid surface the rival pavilions.
+
+These pavilions were exquisite specimens of Chinese architecture.
+The roofs, covered with tiling, round and brilliant as the scales
+which glisten on the sides of a gold-fish, were supported upon
+red and black pillars which rested on a solid foundation, richly
+ornamented with porcelain slabs bearing all manner of artistic
+designs. A railing ran all around, formed by a graceful
+intermingling of branches and flowers wrought in ivory. The
+interior was not less sumptuous. On the walls were inscribed
+verses of celebrated Chinese poems, elegantly written in
+perpendicular lines, with golden characters on a lacquered
+background. Shades of delicately carved ivory, softened the
+light to a faint opal tint, and all around stood pots of orchis,
+peonies, and daisies, which filled the air with delicious
+perfume. Curtains of rich silk were draped over the entrance,
+and on the marble tables within were scattered fans, tooth-picks,
+ebony pipes, and pencils with all conveniences for writing.
+
+All around the pavilions were picturesque grounds of rock, among
+whose clefts grew clumps of willows, their long green twigs
+swaying on the surface of the water. Under the crystal waves
+sported myriads of gold-fish, and ducks with gay plumage floated
+among the broad, shining leaves of water-lilies. Except in the
+very centre of the pool, where the depth of the water prevented
+the growth of aquatic plants, the whole surface was covered with
+these leaves, like a carpet of soft green velvet.
+
+Before the unsightly wall had been placed there by the hostile
+owners, it was impossible to find a more picturesque spot in the
+whole empire, and even now no philosopher would have wished for a
+more retired and delicious retreat in which to pass his days.
+
+Both Tou and Kouan felt deeply the loss of the enchanting
+prospect, and gazed sadly upon the barren wall which rose before
+their eyes, but each consoled himself with the idea that his
+neighbor was as badly off as himself.
+
+Things went on in this way for several years. Grass and weeds
+choked up the pathway between the two houses, and brambles and
+branches of low shrubs intertwined across it, as though they
+would bar all communication forever. It appeared as if the plants
+understood the quarrel between the two old friends, and took
+delight in perpetuating it.
+
+Meanwhile the wives of both Tou and Kouan were both blessed each
+with a child. Madame Tou became the mother of a charming girl,
+and Madame Kouan of the handsomest boy in the world. Each family
+was ignorant of the happy event which had brought joy into
+the home of the other, for although their houses were so near
+together the families were as far apart as if they had been
+separated by the great wall of the empire, or the ocean itself.
+What mutual friends they still possessed, never alluded to the
+affairs of one in the house of the other; even the servants had
+been forbidden to exchange words with each other, under pain of
+death.
+
+The boy was named Tchin-Sing, and the girl Ju-Kiouan, that is to
+say, Jasper and Pearl. Their perfect beauty fully justified the
+choice of their names. As they grew old enough to take notice of
+their surroundings, the unsightly wall attracted their attention,
+and each inquired of their parents why that strange barrier was
+placed across the centre of such a charming sheet of water, and
+to whom belonged the great trees of which they could see the
+topmost boughs.
+
+Each was told that on the farther side of the wall was the
+habitation of a strange and wicked family, and that it had been
+placed there as a protection against such disagreeable neighbors.
+
+This explanation was sufficient for the children. They grew
+accustomed to the sight and thought no more about it.
+
+Ju-Kiouan grew in grace and beauty. She was skilled in all
+lady-like accomplishments. The butterflies which she embroidered
+upon satin appeared to live and beat their wings, and one could
+almost hear the song of the birds which grew under her fingers,
+and smell the perfume of the flowers she wrought upon canvas. She
+knew the "Book of Odes" by heart, and could repeat the five rules
+of life without missing a word. Her handwriting was perfection,
+and she composed in all the different styles of Chinese poetry.
+Her poems were upon all those delicate themes which would attract
+the mind of a pure young girl; upon the return of the swallows,
+the daisies, the weeping willows and similar topics, and were
+of such merit as to win much praise from the wise men of the
+country.
+
+Tchin-Sing was not less forward in his accomplishments, and his
+name stood at the head of his class. Although he was very young
+he had already gained the right to wear the black cap of the wise
+men, and all the mothers in the country about wished him for a
+son-in-law. But Tchin-Sing had but one answer to all proposals;
+it was too soon, and he desired his liberty for some time to
+come. He refused the hand of Hon-Giu, of Oma, and other beautiful
+young girls. Never was a young man more courted and more
+overwhelmed with sweets and flowers than he, but his heart
+remained insensible to all attractions. Not on account of its
+coldness, for he appeared full of longing for an object to adore.
+His heart seemed fixed upon some memory, some dream, perhaps, for
+whose realization he was waiting and hoping. It was all in vain
+to tell him of beautiful tresses, languishing eyes, and soft
+hands waiting for his acceptance. He listened with a distracted
+air, as if thinking of other things.
+
+Ju-Kiouan was not less difficult to please. She refused all
+suitors for her hand. This did not salute her gracefully, that
+was not dainty in his habits; one had a bad handwriting, another
+composed poor verses; in short all had some defect. She drew
+amusing caricatures of everyone, which made her parents laugh,
+and show the door to the unlucky lover in the most polite manner
+possible.
+
+At last the parents of both young people became alarmed at the
+continued refusal of their children to marry, and the mothers
+commenced to follow the subject in their dreams. One night Madame
+Kouan dreamed that she saw a pearl of wonderful purity reposing
+on the breast of her son. On the other hand, Madame Tou dreamed
+that on her daughter's forehead sparkled a jasper of inestimable
+value. Much consultation was held as to the significance of these
+dreams. Madame Kouan's was thought to imply that her son would
+win the highest honors of the Imperial Academy, while Madame
+Tou's might signify that her daughter would find some untold
+treasure in the garden. These interpretations, however, did not
+satisfy the two mothers, whose whole minds were bent upon the
+happy marriage of their children. Unfortunately both Tchin-Sing
+and Ju-Kiouan persisted more obstinately than ever in their
+refusal to listen to the subject.
+
+As young people are not usually so averse to marriage, the
+parents suspected some secret attachment, but a few days' careful
+watching sufficed to prove that Tchin-Sing was paying court to no
+young girl, and that no lover was to be seen under the balcony of
+Ju-Kiouan.
+
+At length both mothers decided to consult the bronze oracle in
+the temple of Fo. After burning gilt paper and perfume before the
+oracle, Madame Tou received the unsatisfactory answer that,
+until the jasper appeared, the pearl would unite with no one, and
+Madame Kouan was told the jasper would take nothing to his
+bosom but the pearl. Both women went sadly homeward in deeper
+perplexity than ever.
+
+One day Ju-Kiouan was leaning pensively on the balcony of her
+pavilion, precisely at the same time when Tchin-Sing was standing
+by his. The day was clear as crystal, and not a cloud floated in
+the blue space above. There was not sufficient wind to move the
+lightest twigs of the willows, and the surface of the water
+was glistening and placid as a mirror, only disturbed, here and
+there, when some tiny gold-fish leaped for an instant into the
+sunshine. The trees and grassy banks were reflected so distinctly
+that it was impossible to tell where the real world left off, and
+the land of dreams began. Ju-Kiouan was amusing herself watching
+the beauteous water-picture when her eyes fell upon that portion
+of the lake, near the wall, where, with all the clearness of
+reality, was the reflection of the pavilion on the opposite
+shore.
+
+She had never noticed it before, and what was her surprise to
+behold an exact reproduction of the one where she was standing,
+the gilded roof, the red and black pillars, and all the beauteous
+drapery about the doors. She would have been able to read the
+inscription upon the tablets, had they not been reversed. But
+what surprised her more than all was to see, leaning on the
+balcony, a figure which, if it had not come from the other side
+of the lake, she would have taken for her own reflection. It was
+the mirrored image of Tchin-Sing. At first she took it for the
+reflection of a girl, as he was dressed in robes according to the
+fashion of the time. As the heat was intense, he had thrown off
+his student's cap, and his hair fell about his fresh, beardless
+face. But soon Ju-Kiouan recognized, from the violent beating
+of her heart, that the reflection in the water was not that of a
+young girl.
+
+Until then she had believed that the earth contained no being
+created for her, and had often indulged in pensive revery over
+her loneliness. Never, said she, shall I take my place as a link
+between the past and future of my family, but I shall enter among
+the shadows as a lonely shade.
+
+But when she beheld the reflection in the water, she found that
+her beauty had a sister, or, more properly speaking, a brother.
+Far from being displeased to discover that her beauty was not
+unrivaled, she was filled with intense joy. Her heart was
+beating and throbbing with love for another, and in that instant
+Ju-Kiouan's whole life was changed. It was foolish in her to fall
+violently in love with a reflection, of whose reality she knew
+nothing, but after all she was only acting like nearly all young
+girls who take a husband for his white teeth or his curly hair,
+knowing nothing whatever of his real character.
+
+Tchin-Sing had also perceived the charming reflection of the
+young girl. "I am dreaming," he cried. "That beautiful image upon
+the water is the combination of sunshine and the perfume of many
+flowers. I recognize it well. It is the reflection of the image
+within my own heart, the divine unknown whom I have worshiped all
+my life."
+
+Tchin-Sing was aroused from his monologue by the voice of his
+father, who called him to come at once to the grand saloon.
+
+"My son," said he, "here is a very rich and very learned man
+who seeks you as a husband for his daughter. The young girl has
+imperial blood in her veins, is of a rare beauty, and possesses
+all the qualities necessary to make her husband happy."
+
+Tchin-Sing, whose heart was bursting with love for the reflection
+seen from the pavilion, refused decidedly. His father, carried
+away with passion, heaped upon him the most violent imprecations.
+
+"Undutiful child," said he, "if you persist in your obstinacy, I
+will have you confined in one of the strongest fortresses of the
+empire, where you will see nothing but the sea beating against
+the rocks, and the mountains covered with mist. There you will
+have leisure to reflect, and repent of your wicked conduct."
+
+These threats did not frighten Tchin-Sing in the least. He
+quickly replied that he would accept for his wife the first
+maiden who touched his heart, and until then he should listen to
+no one.
+
+The next day, at the same hour, he went to the pavilion on
+the lake, and, leaning on the balcony, eagerly watched for the
+beloved reflection. In a few moments he saw it glisten in the
+water, beauteous as a boquet of submerged flowers.
+
+A radiant smile broke over the face of the reflection, which
+proved to Tchin-Sing that his presence was not unpleasant to the
+lovely unknown. But as it was impossible to hold communication
+with a reflection whose substance is invisible, he made a sign
+that he would write, and vanished into the interior of the
+pavilion. He soon reappeared, bearing in his hand a silvered
+paper, upon which he had written a declaration of love in
+seven-syllabled stanzas. He carefully folded his verses and
+placed them in the cup of a white flower, which he rolled in a
+leaf of the water-lily, and placed the whole tenderly upon the
+surface of the lake.
+
+A light breeze wafted the lover's message through the arches of
+the wall, and it floated so near Ju-Kiouan that she had only to
+stretch out her hand to receive it. Fearful of being seen she
+returned to her private boudoir, where she read with great
+delight the expressions of love written by Tchin-Sing. Her
+joy was all the greater, as she recognized from the exquisite
+hand-writing and choice versification that the writer was a
+man of culture and talent. And when she read his signature, the
+significance of which she perceived at once, remembering her
+mother's dream, she felt that heaven had sent her the long
+desired companion.
+
+The next day the breeze blew in a different direction, so that
+Ju-Kiouan was able to send an answer in verse by the same subtle
+messenger, by which, notwithstanding her girlish modesty, it was
+easy to see that she returned the love of Tchin-Sing.
+
+On reading the signature, Tchin-Sing could not repress an
+exclamation of surprise and delight. "The pearl," said he, "that
+is the precious jewel my mother saw glittering on my bosom. I
+must at once entreat this young girl's hand of her parents, for
+she is the wife appointed for me by the oracle."
+
+As he was preparing to go, he suddenly remembered the dislike
+between the two families, and the prohibitions inscribed upon
+the tablet over the entrance. Determined to win his prize at any
+cost, he resolved to confide the whole history to his mother.
+Ju-Kiouan had also told her love to Madame Tou. The names of
+Pearl and Jasper troubled the good matrons so much that, not
+daring to set themselves against what appeared to be the will of
+the gods, they both went again to the temple of Fo.
+
+The bronze oracle replied that this marriage was in reality the
+true interpretation of the dreams, and that to prevent it
+would be to incur the eternal anger of the gods. Touched by the
+entreaties of the mothers, and also by slight mutual advances,
+the two fathers gave way and consented to a reconciliation of the
+families. The two old friends, on meeting each other again, were
+astonished to find what frivolous causes had separated them for
+so many years, and mourned sincerely over all the pleasure they
+had lost in being deprived of each other's society. The marriage
+of the children was celebrated with much rejoicing, and the
+Jasper and the Pearl were no longer obliged to hold intercourse
+by means of a reflection on the water. The wall was removed, and
+the wavelets rippled placidly between the two pavilions on the
+lake.
+
+ --_H.S. Conant._
+
+
+[Illustration: IN THE MOUNTAINS.]
+
+
+
+
+_IN THE MOUNTAINS._
+
+
+A line of Walter Savage Landor's, a poet for poets, was an
+especial favorite with Southey, and, we believe, with Lamb.
+It occurs in "Gebir," and drops from the lips of one of its
+characters, who, being suddenly shown the sea, exclaims,
+
+ "Is this the mighty ocean?--is this all?"
+
+The feeling which underlies this line is generally the first
+emotion we have when brought face to face with the stupendous
+forms of Nature. It is the feeling inspired by mountains, the
+first sight of which is disappointing. They are grand, but not
+quite what we were led to expect from pictures and books, and,
+still more, from our own imaginations. The more we see mountains,
+the more they grow upon us, until, finally, they are clothed
+with a grandeur not, in all cases, belonging to them--our Mount
+Washingtons over-topping the Alps, and the Alps the Himmalayas.
+The poets assist us in thus magnifying them.
+
+The American poets have translated the mountains of their native
+land into excellent verse. Everybody remembers Mr. Bryant's
+"Monument Mountain," for its touching story, and its
+clearly-defined descriptions of scenery.
+
+Mr. Stedman has a mountain of his own, though perhaps only in
+Dream-land; and Mr. Bayard Taylor has a whole range of them, the
+sight of which once filled him with rapture:
+
+ "O deep, exulting freedom of the hills!
+ O summits vast, that to the climbing view
+ In naked glory stand against the blue!
+ O cold and buoyant air, whose crystal fills
+ Heaven's amethystine gaol! O speeding streams
+ That foam and thunder from the cliffs below!
+ O slippery brinks and solitudes of snow
+ And granite bleakness, where the vulture screams!
+ O stormy pines, that wrestle with the breath
+ Of every tempest, sharp and icy horns
+ And hoary glaciers, sparkling in the morns,
+ And broad dim wonders of the world beneath!
+ I summon ye, and mid the glare that fills
+ The noisy mart, my spirit walks the hills."
+
+ * * * * *
+
+GLADNESS OF NATURE.--Midnight--when asleep so still and
+silent--seems inspired with the joyous spirit of the owls in
+their revelry--and answers to their mirth and merriment through
+all her clouds. The moping owl, indeed!--the boding owl,
+forsooth! the melancholy owl, you blockhead! why, they are the
+most cheerful, joy-portending, and exulting of God's creatures.
+Their flow of animal spirits is incessant--crowing cocks are
+a joke to them--blue devils are to them unknown--not one
+hypochondriac in a thousand barns--and the Man-in-the-Moon
+acknowledges that he never heard one utter a complaint.
+
+
+
+
+_THE NOONING._
+
+
+Mr. Darley's very characteristic picture on the opposite page
+needs no description, it so thoroughly explains itself, and
+realizes his intention. The following lines from Mary Howitt seem
+very appropriate to the sketch:
+
+ "O golden fields of bending corn,
+ How beautiful they seem!
+ The reaper-folk, the piled up sheaves,
+ To me are like a dream;
+ The sunshine and the very air
+ Seem of old time, and take me there."
+
+
+
+
+_A MANDARIN._
+
+FROM THE FRENCH OF AUGUSTE VITU.
+
+
+It was Saturday night, and the pavement sparkled with frost
+diamonds under flashing lights and echoing steps in the opera
+quarter. Tinkling carnival bells and wild singing resounded from
+all the carriages dashing towards Rue Lepelletier; the shops were
+only half shut, and Paris, wide awake, reveled in a fairy-night
+frolic.
+
+And yet, Felix d'Aubremel, one of the bright applauded heroes of
+those orgies, seemed in no mood to answer their mad challenge.
+Plunged in a deep armchair, hands drooping and feet on the
+fender, he was sunk in sombre revery. An open book lay near him,
+and a letter was flung, furiously crumpled, on the floor.
+
+An orphan at the age of twelve, Felix had watched his mother's
+slow death through ten years of suffering. The Marquis Gratien
+d'Aubremel, ruined by reckless dissipation, and driven by
+necessity, rather than love, into a marriage with an English
+heiress, Margaret Malden, deserted her, like the wretch he was,
+as soon as the last of her dowry melted away. A common story
+enough, and ending in as common a close. D'Aubremel sailed for
+the Indies to retrieve his fortune, and met death there by yellow
+fever. So that the sad lessons of Felix's family life stimulated
+to excess his innate leaning towards misanthropy--if that name
+may define a resistless urgency of belief in the appearances of
+evil, linked with a doubt of the reality of good. Probably, at
+heart, he believed himself incapable of a bad action, but he
+would take no oath to such a conviction, since by his theory
+every man must yield under certain circumstances, attacking
+powerfully his personal interest, while threatening slight danger
+of failure or detection. This style of thought, set off by a fair
+share of witty expression and ever-ready impertinence, gave Felix
+a kind of ascendancy in his circle of intimates--but naturally
+it gained him no friends. Common reputation grows out of words
+rather than actions, and Felix suffered the just penalty of his
+sceptical fancies. They cost him more than they were worth, as he
+had just learned by sad experience.
+
+He had chanced to make the acquaintance of a rich manufacturer,
+Montmorot by name, whose daughter Ernestine was pleased with
+the devotion of a charming young fellow, who mingled the rather
+reckless grace of French cleverness with a reserved style and
+refined pride gained from the English blood of the Maldens.
+For his part, Felix really loved the girl, and had let his
+impatience, that very day, carry him into a step that failed to
+move the elder Montmorot's inflexibility. He refused absolutely
+to give his daughter to a man without fortune or prospects. Felix
+was crushed, his hopes all shattered at a blow, by this answer,
+though he had a thousand reasons to expect it. And at what a
+moment! A half-unfolded red ticket, stuffed with disgusting
+threats, peeped out from between the wall and his sofa. The
+officers of justice had paid him a little visit. He got into a
+passion with himself.
+
+"Pshaw," he cried, "confound all scruples! If I had been less in
+love I should be Ernestine's husband now. With a pretty wife, one
+I am so fond of, too, I should have fortune, position, and the
+luxury indispensable to my life--now, I don't know where to lay
+my head to-morrow. To-morrow, at ten o'clock, the sheriff will
+seize everything--everything, from that Troyou sketch to that
+china monster, nodding his frightful sneering head at me. They
+will carry off this casket that was my father's--this locket,
+with the hair of--of--what the deuce was her name? Poor girl! how
+she loved me! And now all that is left of her vanishes--even her
+name!
+
+"What, nothing? no hope? Not even one of those silly impulses
+that used to drive me out into the streets when everybody else
+was abed, with the firm conviction that at some crossing, in some
+gutter, some unknown deity must have dropped a fat pocket-book,
+on purpose for me! I believed in something, then--even in lost
+pocket-books. And now, now! I would commit no such follies as
+that, but I believe I could be guilty of even worse things,
+if crime, common, low, contemptible, shameful crime, were not
+forbidden to the son of the Marquis d'Aubremel and Margaret
+Malden.
+
+"Oh, great genius!" he went on, taking up the open book near him,
+"great philosopher, called a sophist by the ignorant--how deep a
+truth you uttered in writing these lines, that I never read
+over without a shudder: 'Imagine a Chinese mandarin, living in a
+fabulous country three thousand leagues away, whom you have never
+seen and shall never see--imagine, moreover, that the death
+of this mandarin, this man, almost a myth, would make you a
+millionaire, and that you have but to lift your finger, at home,
+in France, to bring about his death, without the possibility of
+ever being called to account for it by any one; say, what would
+you do?'
+
+"That fearful passage must have made many men dream--and does
+not Bianchon, that great materialist, so well painted by Balzac,
+confess that he has got as far as his thirty-third mandarin? What
+a St. Bartholomew of mandarins, if my philosopher's supposition
+could grow into a truth!"
+
+Felix ceased his soliloquy, and bent his head to let the storm
+raised in his soul by the atheist philosopher pass over. His bad
+instincts, aroused, spoke louder at that instant than reason,
+louder than reality. His glance fell on the chimney-piece, where
+a porcelain figure, the grotesque _chef d'oeuvre_ of some great
+Chinese artist, leered at him with its everlasting grin.
+The young man smiled. "Perhaps that is the likeness of a
+mandarin--bulbous nose, hanging cheeks, moustaches drooping
+like plumes, a peaked head, knotty hands--a regular deformity.
+Reflecting on the ugliness of that idiotic race, there is much to
+be urged by way of excuse for people who kill mandarins."
+
+Some persistent thought evidently haunted Felix's mind. Again he
+drove it off, and again it beset him.
+
+"Pshaw!" he exclaimed, after a last brief struggle, "I am alone,
+and out of sorts. I will amuse myself with a carnival freak, a
+mere theoretic and philosophic piece of nonsense. I have tried
+many worse ones. It wants a quarter to twelve. I give myself
+fifteen minutes to study my spells. Let me see, what mandarin
+shall I murder? I don't know any, and I have no peerage list of
+the Flowery Empire. Let me try the newspapers."
+
+It was in the height of the English war with China. On the
+seventh column of the paper our hero found a proclamation signed
+by the imperial commissioners, Lin, Lou, Lun, and Li.
+
+"Here goes for Li," he said to himself. "He is likely to be the
+youngest."
+
+The clock began to strike, announcing the hour. Felix placed
+himself solemnly before the mirror, and said aloud, in a
+grave tone: "If the death of Mandarin Li will make me rich
+and powerful, whatever may come of it, I vote for the death of
+Mandarin Li." He lifted his finger--at that instant the porcelain
+figure rocked on its base, and fell in fragments at Felix's feet.
+The glass reflected his startled face. He thrilled for an instant
+with superstitious terror, but recollecting that his finger had
+touched the fragile figure, he accounted for it as an accident,
+and went to bed and to such repose as a debtor can enjoy with an
+execution hanging over his head.
+
+Masks and dominos made the street merry under his window. The
+opera ball was unusually brilliant, experts said, and nothing
+made the Parisians aware that on the night of January 12th, 1840,
+Felix d'Aubremel had passed sentence of death on Chinaman Li, son
+of Mung, son of Tseu, a literate mandarin of the 114th class.
+
+Nine months later Felix d'Aubremel was living in furnished
+lodgings in an alley off the Rue St. Pierre, and living by
+borrowing. The gentlemanly sceptic owed his landlady a good deal
+of money; his clothes were aged past wearing, and his tailor
+had long ago broken off all relations with him. The Marquis
+d'Aubremel was within a hairsbreadth of that utterly crushed
+state that ends in madness, or in suicide--which is only a
+variety of madness.
+
+One morning while sitting in the glass cage that leads to the
+staircase of every lodging-house, waiting to beg another respite
+from his landlady, he took up a newspaper, and the following
+notice was lucky enough to catch his attention.
+
+"Chiusang, 12th January, 1840. Hostilities have broken out
+between England and the Celestial Empire. The sudden and
+inexplicable death of Mandarin Li, the only member of the council
+who opposed the violent and warlike projects of Lin, led to
+unfortunate events. At the first attack the Chinese fled, with
+the basest want of pluck, but in their retreat they murdered
+several English merchants, and among them an old resident,
+Richard Maiden, who leaves an estate of half a million sterling.
+The heirs of the deceased are requested to communicate with
+William Harrison, Solicitor, Lincoln's Inn."
+
+"My uncle!" cried Felix. "Alas, I have killed my uncle and
+Mandarin Li."
+
+He had not a penny to pay for his traveling expenses to London;
+but, on producing his certificate of birth and the newspaper
+article, his landlady easily negotiated for him with an honest
+broker, who advanced him a thousand francs to arrange his
+affairs, without interest, upon his note for a trifle of eighteen
+hundred, payable in six weeks.
+
+Eight days after reaching London, Felix, established in a
+fashionable hotel, was awaiting with nervous eagerness the first
+instalment of a million, the proceeds of a cargo of teas, sold
+under the direction of Mr. Harrison. He was too restless for
+thought, burning with impatience to take possession of his
+property, to handle his wealth, and, as it were, to verify his
+dream. Yet the fact was indisputable. Richard Malden's death, and
+his own relationship to the intestate had been legally proved and
+established. Felix d'Aubremel regularly and assuredly inherited a
+fortune, and he had no doubts nor scruples on that point.
+
+A servant interrupted his reflections, announcing his solicitor's
+clerk. "Why does not Mr. Harrison come himself?" he was on the
+point of asking, but amazement at the clerk's appearance took
+away his breath. He was a shriveled little object, slight, bony,
+crooked and hideous, with a monstrous head and round eyes, a bald
+skull, a flat nose, a mouth from ear to ear, and a little jutting
+paunch that looked like a sack.
+
+"I bring the Marquis d'Aubremel the monies he is expecting," said
+the man, and his voice, shrill and silvery, like a musical box or
+the bell of a clock, impressed Felix painfully. The voice grated
+on the nerves. "I have drawn a receipt in regular form," said
+Felix, extending his hand. But the solicitor's clerk leaned his
+back against the door, without stirring a step. "Well, sir,"
+Felix exclaimed with a convulsive effort. The man approached
+slowly, scarcely moving his feet, as if sliding across the floor.
+His right hand was buried in his coat pocket; he held his head
+bent down, and his lips moved inaudibly. At last he pulled from
+his pocket a large bundle of banknotes, bills and papers, drew
+near the window, and began to count them carefully.
+
+Felix was then struck by a strange phenomenon that might well
+inspire undefined terror. Standing directly in front of the
+window, the clerk's figure cast no shadow, though the sun's rays
+fell full upon it, and through his human body, translucent as
+rock crystal, Felix plainly saw the houses across the street.
+Then his eyes seemed to be suddenly unsealed. The clerk's black
+coat took colors, blue, green, and scarlet; it lengthened out
+into the folds of a robe, and blazed with the dazzling image of
+the fire-dragon, the son of Buddha; a lock of stiff grayish hair
+sprouted like a short tuft out of his yellowish skull; his round
+tawny eyes rolled with frightful rapidity in their sockets.
+
+Felix recognized Li, son of Mung, son of Tseu, the literate
+mandarin of the 114th class. The murderer had never seen his
+victim, but could not doubt his identity a moment, thanks to the
+marvelous resemblance between the solicitor's clerk and the china
+monster that dropped into bits at his feet the night of January
+12th, 1840.
+
+Meantime the man had done counting his package, and held it out
+to Felix, saying, in his grating, vibrating tones, "Monsieur le
+Marquis, here are forty thousand pounds sterling; please to give
+me your receipt." And Felix heard the voice say in a shriller
+under-key, "Felix, here is an instalment of the million, the
+price of your crime. Felix, my assassin, take this money from my
+hand."
+
+"From my hand," echoed a thousand fine voices, quivering all
+through the air of the room.
+
+"No, no," cried Felix, pushing the clerk away, "the money would
+burn me! Begone with you!"
+
+He dropped exhausted into a chair, half suffocated, with drops
+of sweat rolling down his convulsed face. The man bowed to the
+floor, and slowly moved away backwards. With every gradual step
+Felix saw his natural shape return. The rays of the autumn sun
+ceased to light up that mysterious apparition, and only
+his attorney's humble clerk stood before Felix. With a rush
+overpowering his will, Felix dashed after the old man, already
+across the threshold, and overtook him on the staircase.
+
+"My papers!" he shouted imperiously. "Here they are, sir," said
+the old fellow quietly.
+
+Felix regained his room, bolted the door, and counted the immense
+sum contained in the pocket-book with excitement bordering on
+frenzy. Then he bathed his burning head with cold water, and
+threw an anxious look around the room.
+
+"I must have had an attack of fever," he muttered.
+
+[Illustration: A TROPIC FOREST.--GRANVILLE PERKINS]
+
+"Mandarins don't rise from the dead, and a man can't kill another
+by simply lifting his finger. So my philosopher talked like one
+who knows nothing of moral experience. If the fancy of an unreal
+crime almost drove me mad, what must be the remorse of an actual
+criminal?"
+
+The same evening Felix ordered post horses and set out for
+France.
+
+Some months later, Monsieur Montmorot, chevalier of the legion of
+honor, gave a grand dinner to celebrate his daughter's betrothal
+with the Marquis Felix d'Aubremel, one of the noblest names in
+France, as he styled it. The contract settling a part of his
+fortune on his daughter Ernestine was signed at nine in the
+evening. The Monday following the pair presented themselves
+before the civil officials to solemnize their marriage by due
+legal ceremonies.
+
+Felix, a prey to the strange hallucination that incessantly
+pursued him, saw a likeness between the official and the Chinese
+figure he had awkwardly thrown down and broken one night long
+ago. Presently his face darkened, and his eyes began to burn.
+Behind the magistrate's blue spectacles he caught the gleam and
+roll of the tawny eyes belonging to Mr. Harrison's clerk, to Li,
+son of Mung, son of Tseu.
+
+When at length the magistrate put the formal question, "Felix
+Etienne d'Aubremel, do you take for your wife Ernestine Juliette
+Montmorot," Felix heard a shrill ringing voice say, "Felix, I
+give you your wife with my hand--my hand."
+
+The official repeated the question more loudly. "With my hand--my
+hand," whispered a thousand mocking little voices.
+
+"No!" Felix shouted rather than answered, and rushed away from
+the spot like a lunatic.
+
+Once more at home, he shut out everyone and flung himself on his
+bed, in a state of stupor that weighed him down till night--a
+sort of dull torpor of brain, with utter exhaustion of physical
+strength--a misery of formless thought. Towards evening one
+persistent idea aroused him from this strange lethargy.
+
+"I am a cowardly murderer," he groaned. "I wished for my
+fellow-being's death. God punishes me--I will execute his
+sentence." He stretched out his hand in the dark, groping for a
+dagger that hung from the wall. Then a mild brightness filtered
+through the curtains and irradiated the bed. Felix distinctly saw
+the grotesque figure of Mandarin Li standing a few steps away.
+The shadow of death darkened his face, and without seeming
+movement of his lips, Felix heard these words, uttered by that
+shrill ringing voice so hated, now mellowed into divine music.
+
+"Felix d'Aubremel, God does not will that you should die, and I,
+his servant, am sent to tell you his decree. You have been cruel
+and covetous--you have wished an innocent man's death, and his
+death caused that of a multitude of victims to the barbarous
+passions of a great western nation. Man's life must be sacred
+for every man. God only can take what he gave. Live, then, if you
+would not add a great crime to a great error. And if forgiveness
+from one dead can restore in part your strength and courage to
+endure, Felix, I forgive you."
+
+The vision vanished.
+
+Felix religiously obeyed the instructions of Li, and consecrated
+his life by a vow to the relief of human misery wherever he
+found it. He devoted Richard Malden's vast fortune to founding
+charitable establishments. Ernestine Montmorot would never
+consent to see him again.
+
+Two years ago, yielding to an impulse easy to understand, he
+requested the English consul at Chiusang to make inquiries as
+to the family of Li, who might perhaps be suffering in poverty.
+Nothing more could be discovered than that the gracious sovereign
+of the Middle Kingdom had confiscated the property of Li's
+family, that his wife had died of sorrow, in misery, and that
+his son, Li, having taken the liberty to complain of the glorious
+emperor's severity, suffered death by the bowstring, as is proper
+and reasonable in all well-governed states.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+[Illustration: MOTHER IS HERE!--DEIKER.]
+
+MOTHER IS HERE!--A little fawn in the clutches of a fox bleats
+loudly for help. The mother appears quickly on the scene, and
+Renard retires, foiled and chagrined at the loss of his dinner.
+He stays not upon the order of his going, but goes at once. The
+artist Deiker is a well-known German painter, whose success with
+these pictures of animal life ranks him with such men as Beckmann
+and Hammer, whose names are familiar to the friends of _THE
+ALDINE_.
+
+
+
+
+_A TROPIC FOREST._
+
+
+ Trees lifted to the skies their stately heads,
+ Tufted with verdure, like depending plumage,
+ O'er stems unknotted, waving to the wind:
+ Of these in graceful form, and simple beauty,
+ The fruitful cocoa and the fragrant palm
+ Excelled the wilding daughters of the wood,
+ That stretched unwieldly their enormous arms,
+ Clad with luxuriant foliage, from the trunk,
+ Like the old eagle feathered to the heel;
+ While every fibre, from the lowest root
+ To the last leaf upon the topmost twig,
+ Was held by common sympathy, diffusing
+ Through all the complex frame unconscious life.
+
+ --_Montgomery's Pelican Island_.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+What makes us like new acquaintances is not so much any weariness
+of our old ones, or the pleasure of change, as disgust at not
+being sufficiently admired by those who know us too well, and
+the hope of being more so by those who do not know so much of
+us.--_La Rochefoucauld_.
+
+
+
+
+_AMONG THE DAISIES._
+
+ "Laud the first spring daisies--
+ Chant aloud their praises."--_Ed. Youl._
+
+ "When daisies pied and violets blue,
+ And lady-smocks all silver white--
+ And cuckoo-buds of yellow hue,
+ Do paint the meadows with delight."
+
+ --_Shakspeare._
+
+
+
+"Belle et douce Marguerite, aimable soeur du roi Kingcup,"
+enthusiastically exclaims genial Leigh Hunt, "we would tilt for
+thee with a hundred pens against the stoutest poet that did not
+find perfection in thy cheek." And yet, who would have the heart
+to slander the daisy, or cause a blush of shame to tint
+its whiteness? Tastes vary, and poets may value the flower
+differently; but a rash, deliberate condemnation of the daisy is
+as likely to become realized as is a harsh condemnation of the
+innocence and simplicity of childhood. So the chivalric Hunt need
+not fear being invoked from the silence of the grave to take part
+in a lively tournament for "belle et douce Marguerite."
+
+Subjectively, the daisy is a theme upon which we love to linger.
+In our natural state, when flesh and spirit are both models
+of meekness, two objects are wont to throw us into a kind of
+ecstasy: a row of nicely painted white railings, and a bunch of
+fresh daisies. These waft us back along a vista of years, peopled
+with scenes the most entrancing, and fancies the most pleasing.
+They call up at once the old country home: the honeysuckle
+clasping the thatched cottage, contrasting so prettily with the
+white fence in front: the sloping fields of green painted with
+daisies, through which, unshackled, the buoyant breeze swept so
+peacefully. It was an invariable rule, in those days, to
+troop through the meadows at early morn and, like a young
+knight-errant, bear home in triumph "Marguerite," the peerless
+daisy, rescued from the clutches of unmentionable dragons,
+and now to beam brightly on us for the rest of the day from a
+neighboring mantel-piece. And it was with great reluctance that
+we refrained from decapitating the whole field of daisies at one
+fell sweep, when we were once allowed to touch their upturned
+faces. A contract was then made on the spot: we were permitted to
+pluck the daisies on condition that we plucked but one every day.
+The field was not large, and long before the blasts of autumn had
+hushed the voices of the flowers, not a single daisy remained.
+Advancing spring threw lavish handfuls once more on the grass,
+and on these we sported anew with all the ardor of boyhood.
+
+Our enthusiasm for the daisy then is only equaled by the
+gratitude it now awakens. Too soon does the busy world, with
+unwarrantable liberty, allure us from boyish scenes. Too soon are
+the buoyant fancies of youth succeeded by the feverish anxieties
+of age, happy innocence by the consciousness of evil, confidence
+by doubt, faith by despair. We must chill our demonstrativeness,
+restrain our affections, blunt our sensibilities. We must
+cultivate conscience until we have too much of it, and become
+monkish, savage and misanthropic. The asceticism of manhood is
+apparent from the studied air with which everybody is on his
+guard against his neighbor. In a crowded car, men instinctively
+clutch their pockets, and fancy a pickpocket in a benevolent-looking
+old gentleman opposite. When we see men so distrustful, we shun
+them. They then call us selfish when we feel only solitary. We
+protest against such manhood as would lower golden ideals of
+youth to its own contemptible _Avernus_. And now as our daisy,
+which is blooming before us, sagely nods its white crest as it is
+swayed by the passing breeze, it seems to bring back of itself
+decades gone forever. We never intend to become a man. We keep
+our boy's heart ever fresh and ever warm. We don't care if the
+whole human race, from the Ascidians to Darwin himself, assail us
+and fiercely thrust us once more into short jackets and
+knickerbockers, provided they allow an indefinite vacation in a
+daisy field. The joy of childhood is said to be vague. It was all
+satisfying to us once, and we do not intend to allow it to waste
+in unconscious effervescence among the gaudier though less
+gratifying delights of manhood.
+
+It is, however, of daisies among the poets we would speak at more
+length. In fact, to the imaginative mind, the daisy in poetry is
+as suggestive as the daisy in nature. Philosophically, they are
+identical; in the absence of the one you can commune with the
+other. Thus unconsciously the daisy undergoes a metempsychosis;
+its soul is transferred at will from meadow to book and from book
+to meadow, without losing a particle of its vitality.
+
+To premise with the daisy historically: Among the Romans it
+was called _Bellis_, or "pretty one;" in modern Greece, it
+is star-flower. In France, Spain, and Italy, it was named
+"Marguerita," or pearl, a term which, being of Greek origin,
+doubtless was brought from Constantinople by the Franks. From
+the word "Marguerita," poems in praise of the daisy were termed
+"Bargerets." Warton calls them "Bergerets," or "songs du Berger,"
+that is, shepherd songs. These were pastorals, lauding fair
+mistresses and maidens of the day under the familiar title of
+the daisy. Froissart has written a characteristic Bargeret; and
+Chaucer, in his "Flower and the Leaf," sings:
+
+ "And, at the last, there began, anone,
+ A lady for to sing right womanly,
+ A bargaret in praising the daisie;
+ For as methought among her notes sweet,
+ She said, 'Si douce est la Margarite."
+
+Speght supposes that Chaucer here intends to pay a compliment to
+Lady Margaret, King Edward's daughter, Countess of Pembroke, one
+of his patronesses. But Warton hesitates to express a decided
+opinion as to the reference. Chaucer shows his love for the daisy
+in other places. In his "Prologue to the Legend of Good Women,"
+alluding to the power with which the flowers drive him from his
+books, he says that
+
+ "all the floures in the mede,
+ Than love I most these floures white and rede,
+ Soch that men callen daisies in our toun
+ To hem I have so great affectioun,
+ As I sayd erst, whan comen is the May,
+ That in my bedde there daweth me no day,
+ That I nam up and walking in the mede,
+ To seen this floure agenst the Sunne sprede."
+
+To see it early in the morn, the poet continues:
+
+ "That blissfull sight softeneth all my sorow,
+ So glad am I, whan that I have presence
+ Of it, to done it all reverence
+ As she that is of all floures the floure."
+
+Chaucer says that to him it is ever fresh, that he will cherish
+it till his heart dies; and then he describes himself resting on
+the grass, gazing on the daisy:
+
+ "Adowne full softly I gan to sink,
+ And leaning on my elbow and my side,
+ The long day I shope me for to abide,
+ For nothing els, and I shall nat lie,
+ But for to looke upon the daisie,
+ That well by reason men it call may
+ The daisie, or els the eye of day."
+
+Chaucer gives us the true etymology of the word in the last line.
+Ben Jonson, to confirm it, writes with more force than elegance,
+
+ "Days-eyes, and the lippes of cows;"
+
+that is, cowslips; a "disentanglement of compounds,"--Leigh Hunt
+says, in the style of the parodists:
+
+ "Puddings of the plum
+ And fingers of the lady."
+
+The poets abound in allusions to the daisy. It serves both for
+a moral and for an epithet. The morality is adduced more by
+our later poets, who have written whole poems in its honor. The
+earlier poets content themselves generally with the daisy
+in description, and leave the daisy in ethics to such a
+philosophico-poetical Titan as Wordsworth. Douglas (1471), in his
+description of the month of May, writes:
+
+ "The dasy did on crede (unbraid) hir crownet smale."
+
+And Lyndesay (1496), in the prologue to his "Dreme," describes
+June
+
+ "Weill bordowrit with dasyis of delyte."
+
+The eccentric Skelton, who wrote about the close of the 15th
+century, in a sonnet, says:
+
+ "Your colowre
+ Is lyke the daisy flowre
+ After the April showre."
+
+Thomas Westwood, in an agreeable little madrigal, pictures the
+daisies:
+
+ "All their white and pinky faces
+ Starring over the green places."
+
+Thomas Nash (1592), in another of similar quality, exclaims:
+
+ "The fields breathe sweet,
+ The daisies kiss our feet."
+
+Suckling, in his famous "Wedding," in his description of the
+bride, confesses:
+
+ "Her cheeks so rare a white was on
+ No daisy makes comparison."
+
+Spenser, in his "Prothalamion," alludes to
+
+ "The little dazie that at evening closes."
+
+George Wither speaks of the power of his imagination:
+
+ "By a daisy, whose leaves spread
+ Shut when Titan goes to bed;
+ Or a shady bush or tree,
+ She could more infuse in me
+ Than all Nature's beauties can
+ In some other wiser man."
+
+Poor Chatterton, in his "Tragedy of Ella," refers to the daisy in
+the line:
+
+ "In daiseyed mantells is the mountayne dyghte."
+
+Hervey, in his "May," describes
+
+ "The daisy singing in the grass
+ As thro' the cloud the star."
+
+And Hood, in his fanciful "Midsummer Fairies," sings of
+
+ "Daisy stars whose firmament is green."
+
+Burns, whose "Ode to a Mountain Daisy" is so universally admired,
+gives, besides, a few brief notices of the daisy:
+
+ "The lowly daisy sweetly blows--"
+ "The daisy's for simplicity and unaffected air."
+
+Tennyson has made the daisy a subject of one of his most
+unsatisfactory poems. In "Maud," he writes:
+
+ "Her feet have touched the meadows
+ And left the daisies rosy."
+
+To Wordsworth, the poet of nature, the daisy seems perfectly
+intelligible. Scattered throughout the lowly places, with
+meekness it seems to shed beauty over its surroundings, and
+compensate for gaudy vesture by cheerful contentment. Wordsworth
+calls the daisy "the poet's darling," "a nun demure," "a little
+Cyclops," "an unassuming commonplace of nature," and sums up its
+excellences in a verse which may fitly conclude our attempt to
+pluck a bouquet of fresh daisies from the poets:
+
+ "Sweet flower! for by that name at last,
+ When all my reveries are past,
+ I call thee, and to that cleave fast;
+ Sweet silent creature!
+ That breath'st with me in sun and air,
+ Do thou, as thou art wont, repair
+ My heart with gladness, and a share
+ Of thy meek nature!"
+
+ --_A.S. Isaacs_.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+_COLERIDGE AS A PLAGIARIST._
+
+SOMETHING CHILDISH BUT VERY NATURAL.
+
+WRITTEN IN GERMANY 1798-99.
+
+
+ If I had but two little wings,
+ And were a little feathery bird,
+ To you I'd fly, my dear!
+ But thoughts like these are idle things,
+ And I stay here.
+
+ But in my sleep to you I fly:
+ I'm always with you in my sleep!
+ The world is all one's own.
+ But then one wakes, and where am I?
+ All, all alone.
+
+ Sleep stays not, though a monarch bids,
+ So I love to wake ere break of day:
+ For though my sleep be gone,
+ Yet, while tis dark, one shuts one's lids,
+ And still dreams on.
+
+Thus much for Coleridge. Now for his original:
+
+ "Were I a little bird,
+ Had I two wings of mine,
+ I'd fly to my dear;
+ But that can never be,
+ So I stay here.
+
+ "Though I am far from thee,
+ Sleeping I'm near to thee,
+ Talk with my dear;
+ When I awake again,
+ I am alone.
+
+ "Scarce there's an hour in the night
+ When sleep does not take its flight,
+ And I think of thee,
+ How many thousand times
+ Thou gav'st thy heart to me."
+
+"This," says Mr. Bayard Taylor, in the _Notes_ to his translation
+of _Faust_, "this is an old song of the people of Germany. Herder
+published it in his _Volkslieder_, in 1779, but it was no doubt
+familiar to Goethe in his childhood. The original melody, to
+which it is still sung, is as simple and sweet as the words."
+
+
+
+
+_AMONG THE PERUVIANS._
+
+
+The extremes of civilization and barbarism are nearer together
+in those countries which the Spaniards have wrested from their
+native inhabitants, than in any other portion of the globe.
+Before other European races, aboriginal tribes, even the
+fiercest, gradually disappear. They hold their own before the
+descendants of the _conquistadores_, who conquered the New
+World only to be conquered by it. Out of Spain the Spaniard
+deteriorates, and nowhere so much as in South America. Of course
+he is superior there to the best of the Indian tribes with which
+he is thrown in contact; but we doubt whether he is superior to
+the intelligent, but forgotten, races which peopled the regions
+around him centuries before Pizzaro set foot therein, and which
+built enormous cities whose ruins have long been overgrown by
+forests. To compare the Spaniard of to-day, in Peru, with its
+ancient Incas is to do him no honor. To be sure, he is a
+good Catholic, which the Incas were not, but he is indolent,
+enervated, and enslaved by his own passions. His religion has not
+done much for him--at least in this world, whatever it may do in
+the next. It has done still less, if that be possible, for the
+aboriginal Peruvians.
+
+"In all parts of Peru," says a recent traveler, "except amongst
+the savage Indian tribes, Christianity, at least nominally
+prevails. The aborigines, however, converted by the sword in the
+old days of Spanish persecution, do not, as a rule, seem to have
+more notion of that faith in the country parts, than such as
+may be obtained from stray visits of some errant, image-bearing
+friar, whose principal object is to obtain sundry _reals_ in
+consideration of prayers offered to his little idols. These
+wandering ministers also distribute execrably colored prints of
+various saints, besides having indulgences for sale. As to the
+nature of the pious offerings from their disciples, they are not
+at all particular. They go upon the easy principle that all is
+fish that comes into their net. If the ignorant and superstitious
+givers have not 'filthy lucre' wherewithal to propitiate the ugly
+represented saints, wax candles, silver ore, cacao, sugar, and
+any other description of property is as readily received. Thus,
+it often happens that these peripatetic friars have a long convoy
+of heavily-laden mules with which to gladden the members of their
+monastery when they return home.
+
+[Illustration: FASHIONABLE LOUNGERS OF LIMA.]
+
+"The priests in all parts of Peru dress in a very extraordinary,
+not to say outlandish manner. One of the lower grade wears a very
+capacious shovel hat, projecting as much in front as behind, and
+looking very like a double-ended coal-heaver's _hat_. A loose
+black serge robe covers him all over, as with a funereal pall,
+and being fastened together only at the neck, gives to his often
+obese figure an appearance the very reverse of grave or serious:
+The superior of a monastery, or the priest in charge of a parish,
+wears a more stately clerical costume. His hat is of formidable
+dimensions--a huge, flat, Chinese-umbrella-shaped sort of a
+concern, which cannot be compared to anything else in creation.
+He also affects ruffles and lace, a long cassock, and a
+voluminous cloak like many of those of Geneva combined together;
+black silk stockings and low shoes complete the clerical array of
+the higher ecclesiastics."
+
+[Illustration: RIDING AND FULL-DRESS COSTUME OF THE PERUVIAN
+LADIES.]
+
+Quite as odd, in their way, as these good padres, are the
+Peruvian loungers, the "lions" of Lima--a long-haired, becloaked,
+truculent-looking set of fellows, whose proper place would seem
+to be among operatic banditti. A greater contrast and disparity
+than exists between them and the beautiful brunettes to whom they
+are fain to devote themselves, cannot well be imagined. That the
+latter generally prefer European gentlemen to these ill-favored
+beaux, follows as a matter of course. That the discarded "lion"
+resents this preference of his fair countrywomen, we have the
+testimony of the traveler already quoted from.
+
+"Instinctively, as it were, a feeling of dislike and rivalry
+seemed to prevail between ourselves and such of these truculent
+gentry as it was our fortune to come into contact with. They were
+jealous, no doubt, of the wandering foreigners, whom they chose
+contemptuously to term _gringos_, but who, they know well
+enough, are infinitely preferred to themselves by their handsome
+coquettish countrywomen. It is, indeed, notoriously the fact,
+that any respectable man of European birth can marry well, and
+even far above his own social position, amongst the dark-eyed
+donnas of Peru. The men don't seem exactly to like it. Judging by
+their appearance, we found but little difficulty in believing the
+character which report had given them--namely, their proneness to
+assassination, especially in love affairs, either personally,
+or, more frequently, by deputy. If the brilliant creole and
+half-caste women of this warm, tropical country, are some of
+the most beautiful and lovable of the sex, their sallow,
+sinister-looking, natural protectors are just the very opposite.
+The singular difference in the moral and physical characteristics
+of the two sexes is something really remarkable, and I, for one,
+cannot satisfactorily explain it to my own mind. That such is the
+case I venture to affirm; the why and the wherefore I must fain
+leave to wiser ethnological heads."
+
+Not less curious, as regards costume, are the Peruvian ladies.
+And, as they are _equestriennes_, we will describe their
+riding-habits in the words of the same traveler:
+
+"To commence at the top. This riding dress consisted of a huge
+felt hat, both tall and broad, and generally ornamented with a
+plume of three great feathers sticking up in front. Next came an
+all-round sort of a cape, of no shape in particular, with a
+wide collar, several rows of fringe, much needle-work (and
+corresponding waste of time upon so hideous a garment), and of
+a length sufficient to reach below the waist, and so completely
+hide and spoil the wearer's generally fine figure. Then came a
+short overskirt, extending a little below the knees, and beneath
+which appeared the fair senora or senorita's most unfeminine
+pantaloons, which, being carefully tied above the ankle in a
+frill, were allowed to fully display that treasure of treasures,
+that most valued of charms, the beautiful little foot and ankle.
+In addition to this absurd dress, which conceals the graceful
+form of perhaps the handsomest race of women in the world,
+the fair creatures have a style of riding which, to Europeans
+accustomed to the side-saddle, certainly seems more peculiar
+than elegant; that is to say, they ride a la Duchesse de
+Berri--_Anglice_, like a man.
+
+"The full dress, or evening costume, in the provinces, seemed
+simply an exaggeration upon that of the towns--the crinoline
+being more extensive, the petticoats shorter, and the dressing of
+the hair still more wonderful and elaborate."
+
+[Illustration: YOUNG MESTIZO WOMAN. MIDDLE-AGED LIMENA.]
+
+Among the _mestizos_, half-castes, of white and Indian origin the
+women are often very beautiful, especially when the blood of the
+latter prevails. They are, we are told, the best-looking of all
+the Peruvian women, possessing brilliantly fair complexions,
+magnificent long black tresses, lithe and graceful figures of
+exquisite proportions, regular and classic features, and the most
+superb great black eyes.
+
+"Though often glorious in youth, these dark-skinned, passionate
+daughters of the sunny Pacific shore soon begin to fade. Although
+their scant costume and the _manto y saya_--the dress favored at
+night--serve only to expose and display the charming contour of
+their youthful form, as the years roll on and rob them of
+these alluring attractions, the simple array becomes ugly and
+ridiculous. Often did we laugh at the absurd figure presented by
+some stout, middle-aged half-caste, or a good many more caste,
+lady, clad in her _manto y saya_. Especially ludicrous did these
+staid females appear when viewed from behind."
+
+The Peruvian negress, of elderly years, compares not unfavorably
+with her whiter Spanish sister of the same age. Both display
+inordinate vanity, which consorts ill with the brawny calves and
+large feet they cannot help showing on account of their short
+though voluminous skirts, and both have a womanly love of
+jewelry.
+
+"They manifest a very apparent weakness for all sorts of
+glittering ornaments, especially in the way of numerous rings,
+huge ear-rings, and mighty necklaces. Indeed, it is not at all
+uncommon to see pearls (their favorite gem) of great value,
+rising and falling, and gleaming with incongruous lustre, upon
+their bare, black, and massive bosoms; whilst ear-rings of solid
+gold hang glittering from their large ears, in singular contrast
+to their common and dirty clothing.
+
+"Except for the occasional excitement of theatre, cock-fight, or
+bull-fight, and the regular attendance at mass and vespers, the
+life of the higher class Limena is a dreamy existence of languor,
+amidst siestas, cigarettes, agua-rica, and jasmine perfumes, the
+tinkling of guitars, and the melody of song. Alas! that I must
+record it; she is, too, a terrible _intriguante_. The _manto y
+saya_, the _bete noir_ of many a poor jealous husband, seems a
+garment for disguise, invented on purpose to oblige her. It
+is the very thing for an intriguing dame; and, by a stringent
+custom, bears a sacred inviolate right, for no man dare profane
+it by a touch, although he may even suspect the bright black eye,
+it may alone allow to be seen, to be that of his own wife! He
+can follow, if he likes, the graceful, muffled up figure that he
+dreads to be so familiar, but woe to the wretch who dares to
+pull aside a fair Limena's _manto_! If seen, he would surely
+experience the resentment of the crowd, and become a regular
+laughing-stock to all who knew him."
+
+But let us be just to the women of Peru, who, in the matter of
+flirting and fondness for finery, are probably not worse than the
+sex elsewhere. They love where they love with a fervor unknown
+to the women of Europe, their Spanish sisters, perhaps, excepted,
+and they are capable of profound patriotism.
+
+[Illustration: PERUVIAN PRIESTS.]
+
+There is an element of real strength in the wild, stormy nature
+of these beautiful and impassioned creatures: it is their
+misfortune not to know how to hide their weaknesses as well
+as their more sophisticated sisters. The tide of time flows so
+smoothly with them, through such level summer landscapes steeped
+in tropical repose, that the desire for excitement naturally
+arises, and excitement itself becomes a necessity. Lacking many
+of the indoor employments of the women of colder climates, time
+hangs heavy on their hands, idleness wearies, and they cast about
+for a way in which to amuse, enjoy, and distract themselves. They
+find it in love. If no European is near upon whom they can bestow
+their smiles and the lustre of their magnificent eyes, they have
+to be content with their own countrymen, who woo them after the
+fashion of their Spanish ancestors, by serenades at night, in
+which the strumming of guitars generally plays a more important
+part than the words it accompanies.
+
+While we are among the Peruvians, we must not entirely overlook
+their country, and the features of its varied landscapes. It is
+divided by the Andes into three different lands, so to speak, _La
+Costa_, the region between the coast and the Andes; _La Sierra_,
+the mountain region, and _La Montana_, or the wooded region
+east of the Andes. _La Costa_, in which Lima is situated, at
+the distance of about six miles from the sea, may be briefly
+described as a sandy desert, interspersed with fertile valleys,
+and watered by several rivers of no great magnitude. It seldom
+or never rains there, but there are heavy dews at night which
+freshen and preserve the vegetation. The magnificence of the
+mountain region baffles all attempts at word-painting, as it
+baffles the art of the painter. Church, the artist, gives us what
+is, perhaps, the best representation we are ever likely to
+have of it, but it is only a glimpse after all. Still more
+indescribable, if that be possible, are the enormous wildernesses
+which stretch from the Andes to the vast pampas to the eastward.
+"Here everything is on Nature's great scale. The whole country
+is one continuous forest, which, beginning at very different
+heights, presents an undulating aspect. One moves on his way with
+trees before, above, and beneath him, in a deep abyss like the
+ocean. And in these woods, as on the immensity of the waters,
+the mind is bewildered; whatever way it directs the eye there it
+meets the majesty of the Infinite. The marvels of Nature are in
+these regions so common that one becomes accustomed to behold,
+without emotion, trees whose tops exceed the height of 100 varas
+(290 English feet), with a proportionate thickness, beyond the
+belief of such as never saw them; and, supporting on their trunks
+a hundred different plants, they, individually, present rather
+the appearance of a small plantation than one great tree. It
+is only after you leave the woods, and ordinary objects of
+comparison present themselves to the mind, that you can realize
+in thought the colossal stature of these samples of Montana
+vegetation."
+
+Peru is a fitting theatre for the great dramas which have been
+played upon its wild, mountainous stage. The dark background of
+its past is haunted by the shadows of the unknown race who built
+its ruined cities and temples. Then come the beneficent, heavenly
+Incas, and the mild, pastoral people over whom they rule. Last,
+the cruel, treacherous Spaniard, slaughtering his friendly hosts
+with one hand, while the other holds the Bible to their lips!
+
+
+
+
+_THE OLD MAID'S VILLAGE._
+
+
+I had been passing the summer on the banks of the Hudson--in
+that charmed region which lies about what was once the home
+of Diedrich Knickerbocker, with the enchanted ground of Sleepy
+Hollow on the one hand, and the shrine of Sunnyside on the other.
+In many happy morning walks and peaceful twilight rambles, I had
+made the acquaintance of every winding lane, every shaded avenue,
+every bosky dell and sunny glade for miles around. I had wandered
+hither and thither, through all the golden season, and fairly
+steeped my soul in the beauty, the languor, the poetry of the
+"Irving country;" and now, filled, as it were, with rare wine,
+content and happy, I was ready to return to the town, and take up
+the matter-of-fact habit of life again.
+
+But even on the last day of my sojourn, when my trunks stood
+packed and corded, and the loins of my spirit were girt for
+departure on the morrow; as I stood at my window somewhat
+pensively contemplating, for the last time, the peculiarly
+delicious river-bit which it framed, the door opened suddenly,
+and Nannette, my _fidus Achates_, and the companion of my summer,
+ran in.
+
+"Do you know," she cried, "I have just learned that we were
+about to leave the place without visiting one of its greatest
+curiosities? We have narrowly escaped going without having seen
+the 'Old Maid's Village!'"
+
+"The 'Old Maid's Village!'" I echoed, stupidly. "But what village
+is _not_ the peculiar property of the race?"
+
+"Yes, I know; but this village is really built on an old
+maid's property, and by her own hands. And there is the 'Cat's
+Monument,' too. Come! don't stop to talk about it, but let us
+go and see it. It will be just the thing for a last evening; in
+memoriam, you know, and all that. Get on your hat, and come, and
+we shall see the sunset meeting the moonrise on the river once
+more, as we return."
+
+That, at least, was always worth seeing, I reflected; and so,
+without more ado, I put on my wraps as I was bid, and reported
+myself under marching orders.
+
+How lovely, how indescribably lovely, the world was that
+September afternoon, as we strolled along the shaded sidewalk
+where the maples were already laying a mosaic of gold and garnet,
+and looked off toward the river and the hills beyond--the far
+blue hills--all veiled in tenderest amber mist! The very air
+was full of soft, warm color; the sunbeams, mild and level now,
+played with the shadows across our path, and every now and then a
+leaf, flecked with orange or crimson, fluttered to our feet.
+The blue-birds sang in the goldening boughs, unaffrighted by the
+constant roll of elegant equipages in which, at this hour, the
+residents of the stately mansions on either side the road were
+taking the air; and the crickets hopped about undisturbed in the
+crevices of the gray stone walls.
+
+We walked leisurely on, past one and another lofty gateway, until
+presently reaching an entrance rather less assuming than its
+neighbors, but, like them, hospitably open, Nannette said, with
+promptness:
+
+"This is the place, I am sure. Square white house; black railing;
+next to the printing-press man's great gate. Come right in; all
+are welcome, and not even thank you to pay, for one never sees
+anyone to speak to here."
+
+It seemed to my modesty rather an audacious proceeding, but
+trusting to my companion's superior information, I followed her
+in, and we walked up a circular carriage-drive through smooth
+shaven lawns dotted with brilliant clumps of salvia and
+gladiolus, towards the house--a square, solid structure, white,
+and with broad verandas running across its front.
+
+At its northern side, sloping towards the wall, was visible what
+looked like an ordinary terrace, rather low, and ornamented with
+small shrubs and grotto-work; but which, on nearer approach,
+proved to be a veritable village in miniature, constructed with a
+verisimilitude of design, and a fidelity to detail, which was at
+once in the highest degree amazing and amusing. As Nannette had
+been assured, no one appeared to interfere with us in any way,
+and full of a curious wonder at such a manifestation of eccentric
+ingenuity, we seated ourselves upon a wooden box, evidently kept
+more for the purpose of protecting the odd out-of-door plaything
+in bad weather, and proceeded to give it the minute inspection
+which it merited; the result of which I chronicle here for the
+benefit of the like curious minded.
+
+The terrace, which forms the site of this doll-baby city, is low
+and semi-circular in shape, and separated from the graveled drive
+by a close border of box. Within this protecting hedge the
+ground is laid out in the most picturesque and fantastic manner
+compatible with a scale of extreme minuteness. Winding roads,
+shady bye-paths ending in rustic stiles, willow-bordered ponds,
+streams with fairy bridges, rocky ravines and sunny meadows,
+ferny dells, and steep hills clambered over with a wilderness
+of tangled vines, and strewn with lichen-covered stones--all are
+there, and all reproduced with the most conscientious fidelity
+to nature, and with Lilliputian diminutiveness. Regular streets,
+"macadamized" with a gray cement which gives very much the effect
+of asphaltum, separate one demesne from another; and each meadow,
+lawn, field, and barn-yard has its own proper fence or wall,
+constructed in the most workmanlike manner. The streets are
+bordered by trees, principally evergreens, which, though rigidly
+kept down to the height of mere shrubs, appear stately by the
+side of the miniature mansions they overlook; and, in every
+dooryard, or more pretentious greensward, tiny larches, pines yet
+in their babyhood, and dwarfed cedars, cast a mimic shade, and
+bestow an air of dignity and venerableness to the place.
+
+The first object upon which the eye is apt to rest on approaching
+this modern Lilliput is the squire's house, the residence of the
+landed proprietor. This is a handsome edifice of some eight by
+ten inches in breadth and height. It stands upon an eminence in
+the midst of ornamented grounds, and with its white walls, its
+lofty cupola, and high, square portico, presents a properly
+imposing appearance. There are signs of social life about the
+mansion befitting its own style of conscious superiority. In the
+wide arched entrance hall stands a high-born dame attired in gay
+Watteau costume--red-heeled slippers, brocaded petticoat, and
+bodice and train of puce-colored satin. She is receiving the
+adieux of an elegant gentleman, hatted, booted, and spurred, who,
+with whip in hand and dog by his side, is about to descend the
+steps and mount his horse for a ride over his estate. A bird-cage
+swings by an open window, and, on the lawn, a group of children,
+in charge of their nurse, are engaged in the time-honored game
+of "Ring-around-a-rosy." Winding walks, bordered with shrubbery,
+disappear among fantastic mounds of rock-work, moss-grown
+grottoes, and tiny dells of fern; and under a ruined arch, gray
+with lichen and green with vines, flows a placid streamlet,
+spanned by a rustic bridge. In the meadow beyond, flocks of sheep
+are cropping the grass, and an old negro is busily engaged in
+repairing a breach in the stone wall.
+
+Hard by this stately demesne is a humbler tenement, built of
+wattled logs, but showing signs of comfort and thrift all about
+it. The old grandsire sits in a high-backed chair, sunning
+himself in front of the door; on a bench, at the side of the
+house, stand rows of washtubs filled with soiled linen, and a
+woman is busy wringing out clothes; while another, with a
+bucket on her head, goes to the well to supply her with a
+fresh thimbleful of water; and still a third milks a handsome
+dapple-gray cow in the yard where the dairy stands. There is a
+well-filled barn behind, with another cow and a horse, too,
+for that matter, in the stable attached, and the farmer, who is
+putting the last sheaf on his wheat-stack, looks contented enough
+with his lot.
+
+Just beyond the stream, on whose bank the fisherman sits
+leisurely dropping his line, stands the village church; a
+fac-simile of the old Dutch Church which has stood near the
+entrance of Sleepy Hollow since long before the Revolution, and
+is hallowed now not only by the pious associations of centuries,
+but by the near vicinage of Irving's grave. In its little
+twelve-inch counterpart, every point of the ancient structure is
+preserved in exact detail. The dull red walls, the beetling roof,
+the narrow pointed windows and low, arched door; the quaint Dutch
+weathercock, and odd-shaped tower--aye, even the bell within, no
+bigger than a doll's thimble--and upon all a sentimental traveler
+in the person of a china figure perhaps three inches in height,
+is gazing half pensively, half curiously, as we suppose, at this
+relic of by-gone years!
+
+On the other side of the stream the village school, likewise an
+ancient and steeple-crowned edifice, stands out in the midst of a
+bare and clean swept playground. It bears its signature upon its
+front:
+
+"DISTRICT SCHOOL, NO. 2,"
+
+and its worshipful character is otherwise indicated by the
+presence of the master, a venerable looking puppet in cocked
+hat and knee-breeches, in the doorway, and sundry china children
+playing rather stiffly about the stone steps.
+
+Ascending by a steep, rocky path, one arrives at a rather
+pretentious looking wind-mill, which spreads its wide white arms
+protectingly over the cottages below. Barrels of flour and sacks
+of meal, well filled and plentiful in number, attest its thriving
+business, and the miller himself, in a properly dusty coat, looks
+about him with contented air. At the foot of the hill upon which
+the mill is perched, are several dwellings--all showing signs of
+more or less prosperous life, with the exception of one,
+which affords the orthodox "haunted house" belonging to every
+well-regulated village. The ruined walls of this old mansion,
+with lichen cropping out from every crevice; the unhinged doors
+and broken windows; the ladder rotting as it leans against the
+moss-grown roof, the broken well-sweep and deserted barn, offer
+an aspect of desolation and decay which should prove sufficient
+bait to tempt any ghost of moderate demands.
+
+In direct contrast to the gloom which surrounds this now empty
+and forsaken home, one observes, in a shady grove surmounting a
+ridge of hills which rise somewhat steeply here from the roadway,
+a party of "pic-nickers" gaily attired and disporting themselves
+after the time-honored manner of such merry-makers; swinging,
+dancing, or, better still, strolling off arm in arm, in search of
+cooler shades, and of that company which is never a crowd.
+
+At the base of this rocky ridge, the same stream which one meets
+above flowing darkly under arch and bridge, winds placidly along
+in sunshine and shadow until it loses itself in a clump of alders
+and willows quite at the edge of the box-bordered terrace; and
+here the village ends.
+
+Not so my sketch: for I have purposely left it to the last to
+make mention of the great central idea round which all the rest
+is gathered, and which, doubtless, formed the germ of the whole
+oddly-conceived, but most admirably-executed plan. This is the
+"Cat's Monument" of which Nannette had made mention, and which is
+a structure so original and imposing that it deserves special and
+minute description.
+
+About midway the terrace, and conspicuous from its size and
+height, rises a mound of earth shaped into the semblance of
+an urn or vase, crusted thickly with bits of rock, moss, and
+pebbles, and overgrown with a tangle of tiny vines. Surmounting
+this picturesque pedestal is an obelisk of black-veined marble on
+a granite base, the whole rising some seven feet from the ground.
+On the polished surface of this memorial pillar is inscribed, in
+large black capitals, the following classic and touching tribute
+to the venerable departed who sleeps in peace below:
+
+ IN MEMORIAM
+ TOMMY
+ FELINI GENERIS
+ OPTIMUS.
+ DECESSIT A VITA
+ MENSE NOVEMBRIS
+ ANNO AETATIS 19.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+_Quid me ploras? Nonne decessi gravis senectute? Nonne vivo
+amicorum ardentium memoria?_
+
+ * * * * *
+
+On the reverse side of the column appears an inscription even
+more pathetic and poetic, to yet another departed favorite, who
+seems, not like Tommy to have been gathered to his fathers ripe
+in years and honors but to have been cut down in the bloom
+of youth by some untimely and tragic fate. He is all the more
+felin'ly lamented:
+
+ HIC JACET
+ PUSSY
+ SUI GENERIS
+ PULCHERRIMUS.
+ OCCISUS EST
+ MENSE APRILIS
+ AETAT. 9.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+"_Vixi, et quum dederat cursum fortuna, peregi. Felix! heu nimium
+felix! si litora ista nunquam tetigissem!_"
+
+ * * * * *
+
+Thanks to certain by no means homoeopathic doses of the Latin
+grammar in my early years, I was able to gather the meaning of
+these elegiac effusions, and when the last stanza embodying poor
+Pussy's posthumous wail was discovered to be none other than the
+despairing death-cry of the "infelix Dido" as immortalized by
+Virgil--the one step from the sublime to the ridiculous seemed to
+have been passed.
+
+I looked at Nannette, and Nannette looked at me, and we burst
+into silent but irrepressible laughter. Nannette was the first to
+recover herself.
+
+"We ought to be ashamed of ourselves," said she severely: "Honest
+grief is always respectable; and a fitting tribute to departed
+worth, no more than what is due from the survivors. I have no
+doubt but that Tommy and Pussy were most esteemed members of
+society, and that their loss has left an aching void in the
+family of which they were the youngest and most petted darlings.
+I have heard the history of this monument, and the village that
+has grown up around it, and if you will comport yourself more as
+a Christian being should in the presence of a solemn memorial, I
+will relate to you the interesting facts in my possession."
+
+I immediately signified a due contrition and full purpose of
+amendment; when Nannette continued, still speaking with the
+gravity befitting the subject.
+
+"This estate then, this large and respectable mansion, and these
+pleasant grounds in which we now sit, are the property in common
+of three most estimable ladies, all past their first youth, and
+all possessed of sufficient good sense and strength of mind to
+remain their own mistresses, which has procured for the very
+remarkable specimen of ingenuity now before us, from some
+ignorant townspeople, the sobriquet of the 'Old Maid's Village.'
+
+"There is only one of the ladies, however, I am informed, who
+interests herself in the construction of these most ingenious
+toys. Possessed of ample means, and more than ample leisure,
+she amuses herself in hours which might otherwise be devoted
+to gossip and tea, in putting together these various models
+of buildings, all differing in style, and of most singular
+materials. The church, for instance, is built of fragments of
+clinker, gathered from stove and grate, and held firmly together
+by cement. Nothing could have reproduced so exactly the rough
+reddish stone of which the old Sleepy Hollow Church is built.
+The window-glass is represented by carefully framed pieces of tin
+foil; the gray stone of the gate-posts is imitated by sand rubbed
+on wooden pillars with a coating of cement. The streets are paved
+in much the same clever fashion. The well, the pond, the stream,
+are filled with water each day by the chatelaine's own careful
+hands. Many of the mimic creatures, human and otherwise, are
+automata, manufactured to order; the others are wooden or china
+figures selected with extreme care as to their fitness for their
+purpose. So rare and so exceedingly pretty are some of these
+little figures, that they have become objects of unlawful desire
+to certain soulless curiosity-mongers, who have rewarded an open
+and confiding hospitality with base attempts at spoliation; and
+now a person is employed to live in the cottage just beyond us,
+and do little else than take care of these unique possessions.
+
+"No, you need not start. The woman is probably there at her
+post, and surveying our operations from time to time. But we
+have behaved like decent people. We are taking away nothing but
+a remembrance of a singularly interesting hour, and an admiring
+impression of the originality, the ingenuity, the industry, and
+the independence of one of our own sex.
+
+"Is it not so, my friend? And now, by the length of those cedar
+shadows, it is time for us to rise up and be gone. Else the
+moonlight will have met and parted with the sunset ere we reach
+home."
+
+There was nothing to be said; the tale had been told, and with
+one last, lingering glance, one parting smile, half amused, half
+touched, I rose, and together we walked home in somewhat pensive
+mood. Was it not our last day in Fairyland?--_Kate J. Hill_.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+_WINE AND KISSES._
+
+TRANSLATED FROM THE PERSIAN OF MIRTSA SCHAFFY.
+
+ The lover may be shy--
+ His bashfulness goes by
+ When first he kisses.
+
+ The bibber, though so staid,
+ Gets bravely unafraid
+ When wine his bliss is.
+
+ Yet he who, in his youth,
+ No wine nor kiss hath tasted.
+ Will some day think, in truth,
+ That half his joys were wasted.
+
+ --_Joel Benton_.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+I have heard it asked why we speak of the dead with unqualified
+praise: of the living, always with certain reservations. It may
+be answered, because we have nothing to fear from the former,
+while the latter may stand in our way: so impure is our boasted
+solicitude for the memory of the dead. If it were the sacred and
+earnest feeling we pretend, it would strengthen and animate our
+intercourse with the living.--_Goethe_.
+
+
+
+
+_THE QUEEN'S CLOSET._
+
+
+Did anybody ever see a fairy in the city? Was a glimpse ever
+caught of Fairyland there? I say _No_. But I was in the country
+this summer where a great number of mushrooms grew, and one day
+when I was walking in a grassy lane I met a little, old
+queen, who was fanning herself with the leaf of the
+poor-man's-weather-glass; she had taken off her crown, and it was
+lying on the top of a lovely red mushroom. I poked the mushroom
+with my parasol, and instantly felt on my face a faint puff of
+air, and heard a hum no louder than the buzz of an angry fly.
+
+I sat down on the grass, and then my eyes fell on the queen.
+
+"You have let my crown fall in the dirt," she said, tossing a
+wisp of hair from her forehead; "but you great, insensible beings
+are always in mischief when you are in the country. Why don't
+you stay at home, in your brick cages that stand on heaps of
+flat stones? You are watched there all the time by creatures with
+clubs in their leather belts, so you cannot tear and crush things
+to pieces as you do here."
+
+"Oh, I am so sorry, madam," I answered; "if you knew how unhappy
+I felt this morning when I started on my last walk, you would
+pity me. I must go home at once, and my home is in the city--shut
+in by houses before and behind it. If I look out of the window,
+I only see a strip of sky above me, where neither sun nor moon
+passes on its journey round the world; and below me, only the
+stone pavement over which goes an endless procession of men and
+women, upon a hundred errands I never guess at."
+
+The queen tapped her head with a white stick like a peeled twig,
+and made such a noise that I examined it, and saw an ivory knob,
+which reminded me of the budding horns of a young deer. As if in
+answer to my thought, she said:
+
+"It drops off every year. In the fairy-nature all elements are
+united. We partake of the animal and vegetable kingdoms, and
+add our own; this makes us what we are. We do not suffer, but we
+experience, without suffering, of course; our long lives glide
+along like dreams. As you are in sleep, so are we awake. If
+you love the country, which contains our kingdom, as the
+filbert-shell contains the kernel, I will endow you with power. I
+will give you something to take back with you."
+
+What do you think she gave me? A little closet with shelves; on
+each shelf were laid away all my remembrances of the summer, for
+me to unfold at leisure. When she gave me the key, which looked
+exactly like a steel pen, she said: "When you turn the key you
+will understand my power. All things will be alive, will know as
+much, and talk as fast as you do. The closet, in short, is but
+a wee corner of my kingdom, where to-day and to-morrow are the
+same--past and present one. A maid-of-honor wishes to go to town.
+I'll send her in the closet. My slave, the geometrical spider,
+must spin her a warm cobweb--and when you open the closet, be
+sure and not disturb my little Fancie."
+
+Some way Queen Imagin disappeared then. To any person less
+knowing than myself, it would have seemed as if a dandelion ball
+was floating in the air; but I knew better, and I watched her
+sailing, sailing away till lost behind the trees. The crown was
+gone, too; I discovered nothing in the neighborhood of the red
+mushroom, except a tiny yellow blossom already wilted by the heat
+of the sun.
+
+Well, I am at home. I sit down this misty autumn morning in my
+lonely room, and wish for some work or if not that, for something
+to play with. I am too old for dolls, but very young in the way
+of amusement. Ah--the closet! I'll unlock that; the key is at
+hand--in my writing-desk.
+
+Open Sesame! On the top shelf sits little Fancie, her eyes
+shining like diamonds in her soft, dusky cobweb. She nods, so do
+I, and we are in Greenside again--on a summer evening. How the
+crickets sing; and the tree-toads harp in the trees as if they
+were a picket guard entirely surrounding us. Hueston's big dog
+barks in the lane at just the right distance. What security I
+used to feel when I was a little child, tucked away in my bed,
+and heard a dog bark a mile away; too far off ever to come up and
+bite, and yet near enough to frighten prowling robbers!
+
+"When in the breeze the distant watch-dog bayed," I was about to
+say; but Polly, who is at Greenside with me, calls, "Just hear
+the mosquitoes."
+
+The blinds must be closed. What a delicious smell comes in! The
+dew wetting all the shrubs and flowers distils sweet odors. What
+a family of moths have rushed in; this big, brown one, with white
+and red markings, is very enterprising. He has voyaged twice down
+the lamp chimney, as if it were the funnel of a steamship.
+
+Get out, moth!
+
+"Sho," she answers in a husky voice, as if very dry, "It is my
+nature to; that's all you know, turning us to moral purposes,
+and making us a tiresome metaphor. We are much like you human
+creatures--only we don't compare ourselves continually with
+others. We just scorch ourselves as we please. My cousin,
+Noctilia Glow-worm, who is out late o' nights on the grass-bank
+in poor company--the Katydids, who board for the season with the
+widow Poplar--a two-sided, deceitful woman--she does not care
+where I go, and never shrieks out, 'A burnt moth dreads the lamp
+chimney.' If she sees me wingless, she coughs, and throws out
+a green light, but says nothing. Don't mind me; there's more
+coming."
+
+It can't be moths making such a noise on the second shelf. It is
+Tom, who calls out to us, from his room, to come, and help him
+catch a bat.
+
+ "Now air is hushed, save where the weak-eyed bat
+ With short shrill shriek flits by on leathern wings."
+
+"Always mouthing something," somebody mutters. But we rush into
+Tom's room, and behold him in the middle of the floor, flopping
+north and south, east and west, with a towel. No bat is to be
+seen. I hear a pretty singing, however, and declare it to be
+from a young swallow fallen down the chimney; but as there is
+no fire-place in the room, my opinion goes for nothing. Tom
+maintains that it is a bat; that it flew in by the window; and
+that it is behind the bureau. He is right, for the bat whirrs
+up to the ceiling and from that height accosts us in a squeaking
+voice:
+
+"I am weak-eyed, am I? and my wings are leathery? Catch me,
+and you will find my wings are like down, my eyes as bright as
+diamonds. How much you know, writing yourselves down in books as
+Naturalists! My name is Vespertila; my family are from Servia,
+at your service. Could you offer me a fly, or a beetle? I was
+chasing Judge Blue Bottle, or I should not have been trapped. Go
+to sleep, dears, and leave me to fan you. When you are asleep,
+I'll bite a hole in your ear, and sup bountifully on your red
+blood."
+
+Flop went our towels, and down went Miss Vespertila behind the
+bed crying. Polly crept up to her; and caught her in a towel.
+What black beads of eyes had Miss Vespertila from Servia, where
+her grandfather, General Vampire, still commands a brigade of
+rascals! Her teeth were sharp, and white as pearls. Polly held
+her up, and she cunningly combed her furry wings with her hind
+feet, and said:
+
+"Polly, dear, I itch dreadfully; do you mind plain speaking? I am
+full of bat lice. Ariel caught them, and the folks say that Queen
+Mab often buys fine combs--"
+
+"Slanderer!" cried Polly, "fly to your witch home!"
+
+She shook the towel out of the window, and the bat soared away.
+
+"What's coming next?" we all asked. "There are the rabbits to
+hear from, the pigeons, the sparrows, the mole, and the striped
+snake who lives by the garden gate?"
+
+Slap, Bang! Fancie has pulled the door to. The cunning Queen
+Imagin placed her in the closet, perhaps for this purpose. But
+I have the key. I shall unlock it to-morrow, for I must have the
+picnic over again, under the beech tree, where the brown thrush
+built her nest, and reared her young ones, who ate our crumbs,
+and chirped merrily when we laughed.--_Lolly Dinks's Mother_.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+Doth a man reproach thee for being proud or ill-natured, envious
+or conceited, ignorant or detractive, consider with thyself
+whether his reproaches be true. If they are not, consider that
+thou art not the person whom he reproaches, but that he reviles
+an imaginary being, and perhaps loves what thou really art,
+although he hates what thou appearest to be. If his reproaches
+are true, if thou art the envious, ill-natured man he takes
+thee for, give thyself another turn, become mild, affable
+and obliging, and his reproaches of thee naturally cease. His
+reproaches may indeed continue, but thou art no longer the person
+he reproaches.--_Epictetus_.
+
+
+
+
+_LITERATURE._
+
+
+"Of the making of many books there is no end," said the Wise Man
+of old. Of the making of good books there is frequently an end,
+say we. The good books of one year may be counted on the fingers
+of one hand. Among those of the present year none ranks higher
+than Taine's "Art in Greece," a translation of which, by Mr. John
+Durand, is published by Messrs. Holt & Williams. The French are
+a nation of critics, and Taine is the critic of the French.
+This could not have been said with truth during the lifetime of
+Sainte-Beuve, but since his death it is true. There is nothing,
+apparently, which Taine is not competent to criticise, so subtle
+is his intellect, and so wide the range of his studies, but what
+he is most competent to criticise is Art. We have heard great
+things of a History of English Literature by him, but as it has
+not yet appeared in an English dress (although Messrs. Holt &
+Williams have a translation of it in press) we shall reserve our
+decision until it appears. Art, it seems to us, is the specialty
+to which Taine has devoted himself, with the enthusiasm peculiar
+to his countrymen, and a thoroughness peculiar to himself.
+Others may have accumulated greater stores of art-knowledge--the
+knowledge indispensable to the historian of Art, and the
+biographer of artists--but none has so saturated himself with the
+spirit of Art as Taine. We may not always agree with him, but he
+is always worth listening to, and what he says is worthy of
+our serious consideration. We think he is _too_ philosophical
+sometimes, but then the fault may be in us. It may be that we are
+so accustomed to the materialism of the English critics that
+we fail, at first, to apprehend the spirituality of this most
+refined and refining of Frenchmen. No English critic could have
+written his "Art in Greece," because no English critic could put
+himself in his place. We know what the English think of Greek
+Art, or may, with a little reading: what Taine thinks of it
+is--that it is what it is, simply because the Greeks were what
+they were. Before he tells us what Greek Art is, he tells us what
+the Greeks were. Nor does he stop here, but goes on to tell us,
+or rather begins by telling us, what kind of a country it was
+in which they dwelt, what skies shone over them, what mountains
+looked down upon them, in the shadow of what trees they walked
+within sight of the wine-dark sea. He begins at the beginning,
+as the children say. Whether he succeeds in convincing us that
+it was Greece alone which made the Greeks what they were, depends
+somewhat upon the cast of our minds, and somewhat upon our power
+to resist his eloquence. We think, ourselves, that he lays too
+much stress upon the mere outward environment of the Grecian
+people. The influence exercised over their lives, by the
+Institutions which grew up out of these lives--the influence, in
+short, of their purely physical culture--is admirably described,
+as is also the difference between this culture and ours:
+
+ "Modern people are Christian, and Christianity is a
+ religion of second growth which opposes natural instinct.
+ We may liken it to a violent contraction which has
+ inflected the primitive attitude of the human mind. It
+ proclaims, in effect, that the world is sinful, and that
+ man is depraved--which certainly is indisputable in the
+ century in which it was born. According to it, man must
+ change his ways. Life here below is simply an exile;
+ let us turn our eyes upward to our celestial home. Our
+ natural character is vicious; let us stifle natural
+ desires and mortify the flesh. The experience of our
+ senses and the knowledge of the wise are inadequate and
+ delusive; let us accept the light of revelation, faith
+ and divine illumination. Through penitence, renunciation
+ and meditation let us develop within ourselves the
+ spiritual man; let our life be an ardent awaiting of
+ deliverance, a constant sacrifice of will, an undying
+ yearning for God, a revery of sublime love, occasionally
+ rewarded with ecstasy and a vision of the infinite.
+ For fourteen centuries the ideal of this life was the
+ anchorite or monk. If you would estimate the power of
+ such a conception and the grandeur of the transformation
+ it imposes on human faculties and habits, read, in turn,
+ the great Christian poem and the great pagan poem, one
+ the 'Divine Comedy' and the other the 'Odyssey' and the
+ 'Iliad.' Dante has a vision and is transported out of our
+ little ephemeral sphere into eternal regions; he beholds
+ its tortures, its expiations and its felicities; he is
+ affected by superhuman anguish and horror; all that the
+ infuriate and subtle imagination of the lover of justice
+ and the executioner can conceive of he sees, suffers and
+ sinks under. He then ascends into light; his body loses
+ its gravity; he floats involuntarily, led by the smile
+ of a radiant woman; he listens to souls in the shape of
+ voices and to passing melodies; he sees choirs of angels,
+ a vast rose of living brightness representing the virtues
+ and the celestial powers; sacred utterances and the
+ dogmas of truth reverberate in ethereal space. At this
+ fervid height, where reason melts like wax, both symbol
+ and apparition, one effacing the other, merge into mystic
+ bewilderment, the entire poem, infernal or divine, being
+ a dream which begins with horrors and ends in ravishment.
+ How much more natural and healthy is the spectacle which
+ Homer presents! We have the Troad, the isle of Ithica and
+ the coasts of Greece; still at the present day we follow
+ in his track; we recognize the forms of mountains, the
+ color of the sea; the jutting fountains, the cypress and
+ the alders in which the sea-birds perched; he copied a
+ steadfast and persistent nature: with him throughout we
+ plant our feet on the firm ground of truth. His book is
+ a historical document; the manners and customs of his
+ contemporaries were such as he describes; his Olympus
+ itself is a Greek family."
+
+The manifest inferiority of our mixed languages to their one
+simple language is stated in the following paragraph, with which
+we must leave Taine for the present:
+
+ "Almost the whole of our philosophic and scientific
+ vocabulary is foreign; we are obliged to know Greek and
+ Latin to make use of it properly, and, most frequently,
+ employ it badly. Innumerable terms find their way out of
+ this technical vocabulary into common conversation and
+ literary style, and hence it is that we now speak and
+ think with words cumbersome and difficult to manage.
+ We adopt them ready made and conjoined, we repeat
+ them according to routine; we make use of them without
+ considering their scope and without a nice appreciation
+ of their sense; we only approximate to that which we
+ would like to express. Fifteen years are necessary for
+ an author to learn to write, not with genius, for that
+ is not to be acquired, but with clearness, sequence,
+ propriety and precision. He finds himself obliged to
+ weigh and investigate ten or twelve thousand words and
+ diverse expressions, to note their origin, filiation and
+ relationships, to rebuild on an original plan, his ideas
+ and his whole intellect. If he has not done it, and he
+ wishes to reason on rights, duties, the beautiful, the
+ State or any other of man's important interests, he
+ gropes about and stumbles; he gets entangled in long,
+ vague phrases, in sonorous common-places, in crabbed
+ and abstract formulas. Look at the newspapers and the
+ speeches of our popular orators. It is especially the
+ case with workmen who are intelligent but who have had no
+ classical education; they are not masters of words, and,
+ consequently, of ideas; they use a refined language which
+ is not natural to them; it is a perplexity to them and
+ consequently confuses their minds; they have had no
+ time to filter it drop by drop. This is an enormous
+ disadvantage, from which the Greeks were exempt. There
+ was no break with them between the language of concrete
+ facts and that of abstract reasoning, between the
+ language spoken by the people and that of the learned;
+ the one was a counterpart of the other; there was no term
+ in any of Plato's dialogues which a youth, leaving his
+ gymnasia, could not comprehend; there is not a phrase in
+ any of Demosthenes' harangues which did not readily find
+ a lodging-place in the brain of an Athenian peasant or
+ blacksmith. Attempt to translate into Greek one of Pitt's
+ or Mirabeau's discourses, or an extract from Addison or
+ Nicole, and you will be obliged to recast and transpose
+ the thought; you will be led to find for the same
+ thoughts, expressions more akin to facts and to concrete
+ experience; a flood of light will heighten the prominence
+ of all the truths and of all the errors; that which you
+ were wont to call natural and clear will seem to you
+ affected and semi-obscure, and you will perceive by force
+ of contrast why, among the Greeks, the instrument of
+ thought being more simple, it did its office better and
+ with less effort."
+
+Among the good books of the year, two belong to a special walk
+of letters in which we have not hitherto excelled the English
+Translation. There are periods in the history of English Poetry
+when translation has played an important part. Such a period
+occurred just before the Shakspearean era, and it was noted for
+translations from the Latin poets. Chapman was the first English
+writer to perceive the greatness of the Greek poets, and, like
+the poet that he was, he attempted to translate the father of
+poets, Homer. Chapman's Homer is a noble work, with all its
+faults; but it is not what Homer should be in English. It was
+followed by other translations mostly of the Latin poets, the
+best, perhaps, being Dryden's Virgil, until, finally, the English
+mind returned to Homer, or supposed it did, in the pretty,
+musical numbers of Pope. Who will may read Pope's Homer. We
+cannot. Nor Cowper's either, although it contains some good,
+manly writing. We can read Lord Derby's Homer, or could, until
+Mr. Bryant published his translation of the "Iliad," when the
+necessity no longer existed. No English translation of Homer will
+compare with Mr. Bryant's; and we are glad that we are soon to
+have the whole of the "Odyssey," as we already have the whole of
+the "Iliad." The first volume of Mr. Bryant's translation of the
+"Odyssey" (J.R. Osgood & Co.) fully sustains the reputation of
+the writer. It is so admirably done, that, if we did not know to
+the contrary, we should think we were reading an original poem.
+The stiffness which generally inheres in translations is wanting;
+nowhere is there any sense of restraint, but everywhere a
+delightful sense of ease--the freedom of one great poet shining
+through the freedom of another great poet, as the sun shines
+through the sky. It is the ideal English translation of Homer;
+and we congratulate Mr. Bryant upon having finished it (for we
+believe he has); and congratulate ourselves that it is the work
+of an American poet.
+
+We offer the like congratulation to Mr. Bayard Taylor for his
+translation of "Faust," which occupies the same place, as regards
+German Poetry, that Mr. Bryant's translation of Homer does to
+Greek Poetry. The difficulty of the task which Mr. Taylor set
+himself, the task of rendering the original in the measures of
+the original, was never met before by any English translator of
+"Faust"--never even attempted, we believe--and, to say that he
+has accomplished it, is to say that Mr. Taylor is a very skilful
+poet--how skilful we never knew before, highly as we have always
+valued his poetical powers. He enables us to understand the
+_Intention_ of Goethe in "Faust," as no one besides himself
+has done; and, among the obligations that we owe him for the
+enjoyment he has given us, we must not forget the obligation we
+are under to him for his _Notes_. They are scholarly, and to the
+point. There is not one too many, not one which we could afford
+to lose, now that we have it. What _might_ have been written,
+under the pretense of _Notes_--what another translator might not
+have been able to resist writing--is fearful to think of--Life is
+so short, and Goethe's Art so long!
+
+The year has been fertile in American verse. How much Poetry it
+has produced is a question into which we do not care to enter. It
+has witnessed the publication of two volumes by Mr. Bret Harte;
+of one volume by Mr. John Hay; and of one volume by Mr. William
+Winter. The title of Mr. Winter's volume, "My Witness," (J.R.
+Osgood & Co.) is a happy one. It is not every American writer who
+can afford to place his verse on the stand as his witness; and it
+is not every American writer whose verse will substantiate what
+he is so desirous of proving, viz., that he is an American poet.
+
+Mr. Winter is not without faults--what American writer is?--but
+he endeavors to write simply. The virtue of simplicity--always a
+rare one, and never so rare as at present--he possesses. We have
+Tennyson, who is not simple; we have Browning, who is not simple;
+we have Swinburne, who is not simple; and we have Mr. Joaquin
+Miller, who is not simple.
+
+Mr. Winter's book has its defects--among which we observe an
+occasional lapse into Latinity--but with all its defects it is a
+very _poetical_ book. Mr. Winter reminds us, more than any recent
+American poet, of the English poets of the reigns of Charles the
+First and Second. He has, at his best, all their graces of style,
+and he has, at all times, the grace of Purity, to which they laid
+no claim. With the exception of Carew (whom, we dare say, he has
+never read), Mr. Winter is the daintiest and sweetest of amatory
+poets. He has the fancy of Carew, without his artificiality; he
+has Carew's sweetness, without his grossness of suggestion.
+
+There is a tinge of sadness in some of Mr. Winter's poems, and
+the critics, we suppose, will censure him for it. If so, they
+will be in the wrong. The poet has the right to express his
+moods, sad or merry, and he is no more to be judged by his sad
+moods than his merry ones. He is to be judged by both, and the
+sum of both--if the critic is able to add it up--is the poet. As
+far as he is revealed in his book, that is, but no further. There
+is such a thing as Dramatic Poetry, as some critics are aware,
+and there is such a thing as Representative Poetry, as few
+critics are aware. The former deals with the passions, the
+latter with those shadowy and evanescent sensations which we call
+feelings. Mr. Winter is not a dramatic poet, but he is, in his
+own way, a representative poet. His poem "Lethe" represents one
+set of feelings; "The White Flag" another; and "Love's Queen"
+another. We like the last best. For, while we believe the others
+to be equally genuine, they do not impress us as being the best
+expression of his genius. What we feel most after finishing his
+volume, what seems to us most characteristic of his poetry, is
+loveliness--the tender loveliness that lingers in the mind after
+we have seen the sun-set of a quiet summer evening, or after
+we have heard music on a dreamy summer night. If this poetic
+melancholy be treason, the critics may make the most of it. Mr.
+Winter has nothing to fear. He has the authority of the greatest
+poets with which to defend himself, and confute the critics.
+
+
+
+
+_ART._
+
+THE PRODIGAL SON, BY EDOUARD DUBUFE.
+
+
+The sublime lesson of forgiveness, inculcated by the story of
+the Prodigal Son, is among the earliest and most familiar in the
+memories of a nation of Bible readers like our own. Every one
+of us, perhaps unconsciously, carries in mind a simple,
+straight-forward conception of this subject, formed in early
+childhood--a time when the imagination rarely goes beyond an
+attempt to realize the unlooked for forgiveness of the once
+deserted parent, or the captivating visions of adventure
+suggested by the changing fortunes of the wanderer during his
+absence in a "far country."
+
+With the painter the picture is his vision, and the panels are
+the realities. As a man of a different order of thought would
+have chosen another incident of the story for illustration, so
+also would a painter of a less independent school have permitted
+himself to be bound down by the historical facts of the
+architectural and costume fashions of the time of narration.
+Dubufe has so far discarded the unities of time and place, if
+any can _really_ be said to exist--as no date was fixed in
+the relation of the parable by Christ--that he has adopted the
+mingled costumes of Europe and the East, which obtained in the
+fifteenth century, and has placed his figures in a Corinthian
+porch under the light of Italian skies. Apart from the conception
+and the "telling of the story," about which there will be various
+opinions, this picture may be justly regarded as a magnificent
+work of art.
+
+The great David, a pupil of whose pupil Edouard Dubufe was, and
+Horace Vernet, appear to have been the guides selected by him,
+rather than the greatest of his masters--Paul Delaroche. The
+influence of both is to be traced in this work, although it may
+be said to take rank above any production of either of them. In
+drawing, color, and composition, rendering of textures, and the
+exhibition of the resources of the palette, now better known to
+French painters than ever before, the picture leaves nothing to
+be desired. The faces of the principal figures are full of
+that "expression to the life" in which the English are justly
+considered to excel, while the admirable focus of the groups,
+the color, and interest, are as un-English as excellent.
+Fault-finding in more than one or two unimportant details would
+be hypercriticism where so much is perfect, and it becomes our
+happy privilege, in this notice, to commend and to point out, to
+"lay" readers about Art, the manifold beauties of its technical
+execution. A critical examination will show that the composition
+is on the pyramidal principle, and the arrangement of groups
+principally in threes. In the central portion of the canvas,
+where the marble pillars of the porch fall off in perspective,
+the Profligate stands holding up a golden cup in his right
+hand, as in the act of proposing a toast. His red costume and
+commanding figure attract the eye, and the attention falls at
+once and equally on him and on the magnificent woman whose arms
+embrace his neck, and whose eyes, as her chin rests close on his
+breast, gaze with dangerous fascination into his face. Her dress
+is of rich white satin, and, with the delicate green and gold
+sheen of her rival's robe--she with whom the Prodigal's right
+hand toys in caress--makes up a wonderfully brilliant prismatic
+chord, having the effect of focusing the richer, but not less
+gorgeous, pigments spread everywhere on the canvas. The faces of
+the women are very beautiful, and are made voluptuous by a
+subtle art which, through all their beauty, tells a story of
+unrestrained lives of passion and pleasure.
+
+The face of the magnificent creature at the Prodigal's left hand
+is a wondrous piece of drawing. It is thrown back against him
+and from the spectator, in order that she may look up into his
+face--at the moment a dissipated, spiritless face, without even
+the flush of the wine which dyes her's so rosily--a face at once
+weak and weary, and yet revealing a possible intensity, indeed,
+the face of a French woman who "has lived," rather than that of a
+man.
+
+Up to this centre leads the other groups. Below, and seated on
+the rich rugs which cover the marble pavement, musicians
+and singers pause to listen to impassioned words from a
+laurel-crowned poet, while further on a sort of orchestra
+plays time for the sensuous dance of lithe-bodied Oriental
+dancers--each woman of them more ravishing than the other. Minor
+incidents, like dice-play and love-making, give interest to the
+remaining space, and keep up the revel.
+
+Throughout, the drawing is true, and good, and graceful. The
+hands of the figures demand especial mention. The hand of one of
+the women, near the central group, grasped by her lover at the
+wrist as he kisses her shoulder, is particularly exquisite
+in form and color; the more remarkable, perhaps, because the
+position of it is so trying in nature and so difficult to draw.
+
+The type of feature chosen for the women, the dancing girls
+excepted, is essentially Gallic. As remarked before, the face
+of the Prodigal, also, is French; but the musicians and the poet
+have faces of their own which seem to belong to the university of
+genius. The mere revelers, curiously enough, have a likeness to
+the figures in some old Italian pictures; one of them looks like
+a copy of Judas Iscariot, made younger.
+
+A distant city and mountains fill up the background, and, on
+the extreme right of the near middle distance, flights of
+marble steps ascend to a grand doorway, where servants are seen
+loitering within easy call of their masters.
+
+It was by a sublime inspiration that Dubufe painted the accessory
+panels in monotone. In that on the right, a dismal sky, filled
+with rolling clouds and sad presaging ravens flying, over-shadows
+the outcast, seated on a rock in an attitude of listless
+dejection, with the swine feeding at his feet. In the panel on
+the left he is seen in the close embrace of his merciful parent.
+His head is bowed in humility, and, in an agony of remorse and
+shame, while the old house-dog sniffs at him for an obtrusive
+mendicant who has no business with such affectionate welcome.
+
+Let us congratulate ourselves that this picture has come to our
+country, as yet so barren of great works, and pray that the noble
+school of art of which this is so admirable an exponent, may
+find favor, not only with our painters, but with those who call
+themselves connoisseurs, in preference to unmeaning works of
+microscopic finish, or slick examples of boudoir and millinery
+painting.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+"_THE ALDINE PRESS._"--JAMES SUTTON & CO., _Printers and
+Publishers, 23 Liberty St., N.Y._
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Aldine, Vol. 5, No. 1., January,
+1872, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ALDINE, VOL. 5, NO. 1., ***
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