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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of An American Idyll, by Cornelia Stratton Parker
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: An American Idyll
+       The Life of Carleton H. Parker
+
+Author: Cornelia Stratton Parker
+
+Release Date: February 7, 2005 [EBook #14943]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN AMERICAN IDYLL ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Rick Niles, Charlie Kirschner and the PG Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: Carleton H. Parker]
+
+
+
+
+AN AMERICAN IDYLL
+
+THE LIFE OF
+CARLETON H. PARKER
+
+_By_
+
+CORNELIA STRATTON PARKER
+
+[Illustration]
+
+BOSTON
+
+THE ATLANTIC MONTHLY PRESS
+
+1919
+
+
+
+     _The poem on the opposite page is here
+     reprinted with the express permission of
+     Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons, publishers
+     of Robert Louis Stevenson's Works._
+
+
+
+     _Yet, O stricken heart, remember, O remember,
+         How of human days he lived the better part.
+     April came to bloom, and never dim December
+         Breathed its killing chill upon the head or heart.
+
+     Doomed to know not Winter, only Spring, a being
+         Trod the flowery April blithely for a while,
+     Took his fill of music, joy of thought and seeing,
+         Came and stayed and went, nor ever ceased to smile.
+
+     Came and stayed and went, and now when all is finished,
+         You alone have crossed the melancholy stream,
+     Yours the pang, but his, O his, the undiminished,
+         Undecaying gladness, undeparted dream.
+
+     All that life contains of torture, toil, and treason,
+         Shame, dishonor, death, to him were but a name.
+     Here, a boy, he dwelt through all the singing season
+         And ere the day of sorrow departed as he came._
+
+
+
+
+     _Written for our three children.
+
+     Dedicated to all those kindred souls, friends of
+     Carl Parker whether they knew him or not, who
+     are making the fight, without bitterness but with
+     all the understanding, patience, and enthusiasm
+     they possess, for a saner, kindlier, and more joyous
+     world.
+
+     And to those especially who love greatly along
+     the way._
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE
+
+
+It was a year ago to-day that Carl Parker died--March 17, 1918. His
+fortieth birthday would have come on March 31. His friends, his
+students, were free to pay their tribute to him, both in the press and
+in letters which I treasure. I alone of all,--I who knew him best and
+loved him most,--had no way to give some outlet to my soul; could see no
+chance to pay _my_ tribute.
+
+One and another have written of what was and will be his valuable
+service to economic thought and progress; of the effects of his
+mediation of labor disputes, in the Northwest and throughout the nation;
+and of his inestimable qualities as friend, comrade, and teacher.
+
+"He gave as a Federal mediator,"--so runs one estimate of him,--"all his
+unparalleled knowledge and understanding of labor and its point of view.
+That knowledge, that understanding he gained, not by academic
+investigation, but by working in mines and woods, in shops and on farms.
+He had the trust and confidence of both sides in disputes between labor
+and capital; his services were called in whenever trouble was
+brewing. . . . Thanks to him, strikes were averted; war-work of the most
+vital importance, threatened by misunderstandings and smouldering
+discontent, went on."
+
+But almost every one who has written for publication has told of but one
+side of him, and there were such countless sides. Would it then be so
+out of place if I, his wife, could write of all of him, even to the
+manner of husband he was?
+
+I have hesitated for some months to do this. He had not yet made so
+truly national a name, perhaps, as to warrant any assumption that such a
+work would be acceptable. Many of his close friends have asked me to do
+just this, however; for they realize, as I do so strongly, that his life
+was so big, so full, so potential, that, even as the story of a man, it
+would be worth the reading.
+
+And, at the risk of sharing intimacies that should be kept in one's
+heart only, I long to have the world know something of the life we led
+together.
+
+An old friend wrote: "Dear, splendid Carl, the very embodiment of life,
+energized and joyful to a degree I have never known. And the thought of
+the separation of you two makes me turn cold. . . . The world can never be
+the same to me with Carl out of it. I loved his high spirit, his
+helpfulness, his humor, his adoration of you. Knowing you and Carl, and
+seeing your life together, has been one of the most perfect things in my
+life."
+
+An Eastern professor, who had visited at our home from time to time
+wrote: "You have lost one of the finest husbands I have ever known. Ever
+since I have known the Parker family, I have considered their home life
+as ideal. I had hoped that the too few hours I spent in your home might
+be multiplied many times in coming years. . . . I have never known a man
+more in love with a woman than Carl was with you."
+
+So I write of him for these reasons: because I must, to ease my own
+pent-up feelings; because his life was so well worth writing about;
+because so many friends have sent word to me: "Some day, when you have
+the time, I hope you will sit down and write me about Carl"--the newer
+friends asking especially about his earlier years, the older friends
+wishing to know of his later interests, and especially of the last
+months, and of--what I have written to no one as yet--his death. I can
+answer them all this way.
+
+And, lastly, there is the most intimate reason of all. I want our
+children to know about their father--not just his academic worth, his
+public career, but the life he led from day to day. If I live till they
+are old enough to understand, I, of course, can tell them. If not, how
+are they to know? And so, in the last instance, this is a document for
+them.
+
+                                                   C.S.P.
+     March 17, 1919
+
+
+
+
+AN AMERICAN IDYLL
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I
+
+
+Such hosts of memories come tumbling in on me. More than fifteen years
+ago, on September 3, 1903, I met Carl Parker. He had just returned to
+college, two weeks late for the beginning of his Senior year. There was
+much concern among his friends, for he had gone on a two months'
+hunting-trip into the wilds of Idaho, and had planned to return in time
+for college. I met him his first afternoon in Berkeley. He was on the
+top of a step-ladder, helping put up an awning for our sorority dance
+that evening, uttering his proverbial joyous banter to any one who came
+along, be it the man with the cakes, the sedate house-mother, fellow
+awning-hangers, or the girls busying about.
+
+Thus he was introduced to me--a Freshman of two weeks. He called down
+gayly, "How do you do, young lady?" Within a week we were fast friends,
+I looking up to him as a Freshman would to a Senior, and a Senior seven
+years older than herself at that. Within a month I remember deciding
+that, if ever I became engaged, I would tell Carl Parker before I told
+any one else on earth!
+
+After about two months, he called one evening with his pictures of
+Idaho. Such a treat as my mountain-loving soul did have! I still have
+the map he drew that night, with the trails and camping-places marked.
+And I said, innocence itself, "_I'm_ going to Idaho on my honeymoon!"
+And he said, "I'm not going to marry till I find a girl who wants to go
+to Idaho on her honeymoon!" Then we both laughed.
+
+But the deciding event in his eyes was when we planned our first long
+walk in the Berkeley hills for a certain Saturday, November 22, and that
+morning it rained. One of the tenets I was brought up on by my father
+was that bad weather was _never_ an excuse for postponing anything; so I
+took it for granted that we would start on our walk as planned.
+
+Carl telephoned anon and said, "Of course the walk is off."
+
+"But why?" I asked.
+
+"The rain!" he answered.
+
+"As if that makes any difference!"
+
+At which he gasped a little and said all right, he'd be around in a
+minute; which he was, in his Idaho outfit, the lunch he had suggested
+being entirely responsible for bulging one pocket. Off we started in the
+rain, and such a day as we had! We climbed Grizzly Peak,--only we did
+not know it for the fog and rain,--and just over the summit, in the
+shelter of a very drippy oak tree, we sat down for lunch. A fairly
+sanctified expression came over Carl's face as he drew forth a rather
+damp and frayed-looking paper-bag--as a king might look who uncovered
+the chest of his most precious court jewels before a courtier deemed
+worthy of that honor. And before my puzzled and somewhat doubtful eyes
+he spread his treasure--jerked bear-meat, nothing but jerked bear-meat.
+I never had seen jerked anything, let alone tasted it. I was used to
+the conventional picnic sandwiches done up in waxed paper, plus a
+stuffed egg, fruit, and cake. I was ready for a lunch after the
+conservative pattern, and here I gazed upon a mess of most
+unappetizing-looking, wrinkled, shrunken, jerked bear-meat, the rain
+dropping down on it through the oak tree.
+
+I would have gasped if I had not caught the look of awe and reverence on
+Carl's face as he gazed eagerly, and with what respect, on his offering.
+I merely took a hunk of what was supplied, set my teeth into it, and
+pulled. It was salty, very; it looked queer, tasted queer, _was_ queer.
+Yet that lunch! We walked farther, sat now and then under other drippy
+trees, and at last decided that we must slide home, by that time soaked
+to the skin, and I minus the heel to one shoe.
+
+I had just got myself out of the bath and into dry clothes when the
+telephone rang. It was Carl. Could he come over to the house and spend
+the rest of the afternoon? It was then about four-thirty. He came, and
+from then on things were decidedly--different.
+
+How I should love to go into the details of that Freshman year of mine!
+I am happier right now writing about it than I have been in six months.
+I shall not go into detail--only to say that the night of the Junior
+Prom of my Freshman year Carl Parker asked me to marry him, and two days
+later, up again in our hills, I said that I would. To think of that
+now--to think of waiting two whole days to decide whether I would marry
+Carl Parker or not!! And for fourteen years from the day I met him,
+there was never one small moment of misunderstanding, one day that was
+not happiness--except when we were parted. Perhaps there are people who
+would consider it stupid, boresome, to live in such peace as that. All I
+can answer is that it was _not_ stupid, it was _not_ boresome--oh, how
+far from it! In fact, in those early days we took our vow that the one
+thing we would never do was to let the world get commonplace for us;
+that the time should never come when we would not be eager for the start
+of each new day. The Kipling poem we loved the most, for it was the
+spirit of both of us, was "The Long Trail." You know the last of it:--
+
+     The Lord knows what we may find, dear lass,
+     And the Deuce knows what we may do--
+     But we're back once more on the old trail,
+            our own trail, the out trail,
+     We're down, hull down, on the Long Trail--the
+            trail that is always new!
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II
+
+
+After we decided to get married, and that as soon as ever we could,--I
+being a Freshman at the ripe and mature age of, as mentioned, just
+eighteen years, he a Senior, with no particular prospects, not even sure
+as yet what field he would go into,--we began discussing what we might
+do and where we might go. Our main idea was to get as far away from
+everybody as we could, and live the very fullest life we could, and at
+last we decided on Persia. Why Persia? I cannot recall the steps now
+that brought us to that conclusion. But I know that first Christmas I
+sent Carl my picture in a frilled high-school graduation frock and a
+silk Persian flag tucked behind it, and that flag remained always the
+symbol for us that we would never let our lives get stale, never lose
+the love of adventure, never "settle down," intellectually at any rate.
+
+Can you see my father's face that sunny March day,--Charter Day it
+was,--when we told him we were engaged? (My father being the
+conventional, traditional sort who had never let me have a real "caller"
+even, lest I become interested in boys and think of matrimony too
+young!) Carl Parker was the first male person who was ever allowed at my
+home in the evening. He came seldom, since I was living in Berkeley most
+of the time, and anyway, we much preferred prowling all over our end of
+creation, servant-girl-and-policeman fashion. Also, when I married,
+according to father it was to be some one, preferably an attorney of
+parts, about to become a judge, with a large bank account. Instead, at
+eighteen, I and this almost-unknown-to-him Senior stood before him and
+said, "We are going to be married," or words to that general effect.
+And--here is where I want you to think of the expression on my
+conservative father's face.
+
+Fairly early in the conversation he found breath to say, "And what, may
+I ask, are your prospects?"
+
+"None, just at present."
+
+"And where, may I ask, are you planning to begin this married career you
+seem to contemplate?"
+
+"In Persia."
+
+Can you see my father? "_Persia_?"
+
+"Yes, Persia."
+
+"And what, for goodness' sake, are you two going to do in _Persia_?"
+
+"We don't know just yet, of course, but we'll find something."
+
+I can see my father's point of view now, though I am not sure but that I
+shall prefer a son-in-law for our daughter who would contemplate
+absolute uncertainty in Persia in preference to an assured legal
+profession in Oakland, California. It was two years before my father
+became at all sympathetic, and that condition was far from enthusiastic.
+So it was a great joy to me to have him say, a few months before his
+death, "You know, Cornelia, I want you to understand that if I had had
+the world to pick from I'd have chosen Carl Parker for your husband.
+Your marriage is a constant source of satisfaction to me."
+
+I saw Carl Parker lose his temper once, and once only. It was that first
+year that we knew each other. Because there was such a difference
+between his age and mine, the girls in my sorority house refused to
+believe there could be anything serious about our going together so
+much, and took great pains to assure me in private that of course Carl
+meant nothing by his attentions,--to which I agreed volubly,--and they
+scolded him in private because it would spoil a Freshman to have a
+Senior so attentive. We always compared notes later, and were much
+amused.
+
+But words were one thing, actions another. Since there could be nothing
+serious in our relationship, naturally there was no reason why we should
+be left alone. If there was to be a rally or a concert, the Senior
+sitting at the head of the dinner-table would ask, "How many are going
+to-night with a man?" Hands. "How many of the girls are going together?"
+Hands. Then, to me, "Are you going with Carl?" A faint "Yes." "Then
+we'll all go along with you." Carl stood it twice--twice he beheld this
+cavalcade bear away in our wake; then he gritted his teeth and
+announced, "Never again!"
+
+The next college occasion was a rally at the Greek Theatre. Again it was
+announced at the table that all the unescorted ones would accompany Carl
+and me. I foresaw trouble. When I came downstairs later, with my hat and
+coat on, there stood Carl, surrounded by about six girls, all hastily
+buttoning their gloves, his sister, who knew no more of the truth about
+Carl and me than the others, being one of them. Never had I seen such a
+look on Carl's face, and I never did again. His feet were spread apart,
+his jaw was set, and he was glaring. When he saw me he said, "Come on!"
+and we dashed for the door.
+
+Sister Helen flew after us. "But Carl--the other girls!"
+
+Carl stuck his head around the corner of the front door, called
+defiantly, "_Damn_ the other girls!" banged the door to, and we fled.
+Never again were we molested.
+
+Carl finished his Senior year, and a full year it was for him. He was
+editor of the "Pelican," the University funny paper, and of the
+"University of California Magazine," the most serious publication on the
+campus outside the technical journals; he made every "honor"
+organization there was to make (except the Phi Beta Kappa); he and a
+fellow student wrote the successful Senior Extravaganza; he was a reader
+in economics, and graduated with honors. And he saw me every single day.
+
+I feel like digressing here a moment, to assail that old
+principle--which my father, along with countless others, held so
+strongly--that a fellow who is really worth while ought to know by his
+Junior year in college just what his life-work is to be. A few with an
+early developed special aptitude do, but very few. Carl entered college
+in August, 1896, in Engineering; but after a term found that it had no
+further appeal for him. "But a fellow ought to stick to a thing, whether
+he likes it or not!" If one must be dogmatic, then I say, "A fellow
+should never work at anything he does not like." One of the things in
+our case which brought such constant criticism from relatives and
+friends was that we changed around so much. Thank God we did! It took
+Carl Parker until he was over thirty before he found just the work he
+loved the most and in which his soul was content--university work. And
+he was thirty-seven before he found just the phase of economic study
+that fired him to his full enthusiasm--his loved field of the
+application of psychology to economics. And some one would have had him
+stick to engineering because he started in engineering!
+
+He hurt his knee broad-jumping in his Freshman year at college, and
+finally had to leave, going to Phoenix, Arizona, and then back to the
+Parker ranch at Vacaville for the better part of a year. The family was
+away during that time, and Carl ran the place alone. He returned to
+college in August, 1898, this time taking up mining. After a year's
+study in mining he wanted the practical side. In the summer of 1899 he
+worked underground in the Hidden Treasure Mine, Placer county,
+California. In 1900 he left college again, going to the gold and copper
+mines of Rossland, British Columbia. From August, 1900, to May, 1901, he
+worked in four different mines. It was with considerable feeling of
+pride that he always added, "I got to be machine man before I quit."
+
+It was at that time that he became a member of the Western Federation of
+Miners--an historical fact which inimical capitalists later endeavored
+to make use of from time to time to do him harm. How I loved to listen
+by the hour to the stories of those grilling days--up at four in the
+pitch-dark and snow, to crawl to his job, with the blessing of a dear
+old Scotch landlady and a "pastie"! He would tell our sons of tamping in
+the sticks of dynamite, till their eyes bulged. The hundreds of times
+these last six months I've wished I had in writing the stories of those
+days--of all his days, from early Vacaville times on! Sometimes it would
+be an old Vacaville crony who would appear, and stories would fly of
+those boy times--of the exploits up Putah Creek with Pee Wee Allen; of
+the prayer-meeting when Carl bet he could out-pray the minister's son,
+and won; of the tediously thought-out assaults upon an ancient hired man
+on the place, that would fill a book and delight the heart of Tom Sawyer
+himself; and how his mother used to sigh and add to it all, "If only he
+had _ever_ come home on time to his meals!" (And he has one son just
+like him. Carl's brothers tell me: "Just give up trying to get Jim home
+on time. Mamma tried every scheme a human could devise to make Carl
+prompt for his meals, but nothing ever had the slightest effect. Half an
+hour past dinner-time he'd still be five miles from home.")
+
+One article that recently appeared in a New York paper began:--
+
+"They say of him that when he was a small boy he displayed the same
+tendencies that later on made him great in his chosen field. His family
+possessed a distinct tendency toward conformity and respectability, but
+Carl was a companion of every 'alley-bum' in Vacaville. His respectable
+friends never won him away from his insatiable interest in the
+under-dog. They now know it makes valid his claim to achievement."
+
+After the British Columbia mining days, he took what money he had saved,
+and left for Idaho, where he was to meet his chum, Hal Bradley, for his
+first Idaho trip--a dream of theirs for years. The Idaho stories he
+could tell--oh, why can I not remember them word for word? I have seen
+him hold a roomful of students in Berlin absolutely spellbound over
+those adventures--with a bit of Parker coloring, to be sure, which no
+one ever objected to. I have seen him with a group of staid faculty folk
+sitting breathless at his Clearwater yarns; and how he loved to tell
+those tales! Three and a half months he and Hal were in--hunting,
+fishing, jerking meat, trailing after lost horses, having his dreams of
+Idaho come true. (If our sons fail to have those dreams!)
+
+When Hal returned to college, the _Wanderlust_ was still too strong in
+Carl; so he stopped off in Spokane, Washington, penniless, to try
+pot-luck. There were more tales to delight a gathering. In Spokane he
+took a hand at reporting, claiming to be a person of large experience,
+since only those of large experience were desired by the editor of the
+"Spokesman Review." He was given sport, society, and the tenderloin to
+cover, at nine dollars a week. As he never could go anywhere without
+making folks love him, it was not long before he had his cronies among
+the "sports," kind souls "in society" who took him in, and at least one
+strong, loyal friend,--who called him "Bub," and gave him much
+excellent advice that he often used to refer to,--who was the owner of
+the biggest gambling-joint in town. (Spokane was wide open in those
+days, and "some town.")
+
+It was the society friends who seem to have saved his life, for nine
+dollars did not go far, even then. I have heard his hostesses tell of
+the meal he could consume. "But I'd been saving for it all day, with
+just ten cents in my pocket." I met a pal of those days who used to save
+Carl considerable of his nine dollars by "smooching" his wash into his
+own home laundry.
+
+About then Carl's older brother, Boyd, who was somewhat fastidious, ran
+into him in Spokane. He tells how Carl insisted he should spend the
+night at his room instead of going to a hotel.
+
+"Is it far from here?"
+
+"Oh, no!"
+
+So they started out with Boyd's suitcase, and walked and walked through
+the "darndest part of town you ever saw." Finally, after crossing untold
+railroad tracks and ducking around sheds and through alleys, they came
+to a rooming-house that was "a holy fright." "It's all right inside,"
+Carl explained.
+
+When they reached his room, there was one not over-broad bed in the
+corner, and a red head showing, snoring contentedly.
+
+"Who's that?" the brother asked.
+
+"Oh, a fellow I picked up somewhere."
+
+"Where am I to sleep?"
+
+"Right in here--the bed's plenty big enough for three!"
+
+And Boyd says, though it was 2 A.M. and miles from anywhere, he lit out
+of there as fast as he could move; and he adds, "I don't believe he even
+knew that red-headed boy's name!"
+
+The reporting went rather lamely it seemed, however. The editor said
+that it read amateurish, and he felt he would have to make a change.
+Carl made for some files where all the daily papers were kept, and read
+and re-read the yellowest of the yellow. As luck would have it, that
+very night a big fire broke out in a crowded apartment house. It was not
+in Carl's "beat," but he decided to cover it anyhow. Along with the
+firemen, he managed to get upon the roof; he jumped here, he flew there,
+demolishing the only suit of clothes he owned. But what an account he
+handed in! The editor discarded entirely the story of the reporter sent
+to cover the fire, ran in Carl's, word for word, and raised him to
+twelve dollars a week.
+
+But just as the crown of reportorial success was lighting on his brow,
+his mother made it plain to him that she preferred to have him return to
+college. He bought a ticket to Vacaville,--it was just about Christmas
+time,--purchased a loaf of bread and a can of sardines, and with thirty
+cents in his pocket, the extent of his worldly wealth, he left for
+California, traveling in a day coach all the way. I remember his story
+of how, about the end of the second day of bread and sardines, he
+cold-bloodedly and with aforethought cultivated a man opposite him, who
+looked as if he could afford to eat; and how the man "came through" and
+asked Carl if he would have dinner with him in the diner. To hear him
+tell what and how much he ordered, and of the expression and depression
+of the paying host! It tided him over until he reached home,
+anyhow--never mind the host.
+
+All his mining experience, plus the dark side of life, as contrasted
+with society as he saw them both in Spokane, turned his interest to the
+field of economics. And when he entered college the next spring, it was
+to "major" in that subject.
+
+May and June, 1903, he worked underground in the coal-mines of Nanaimo.
+In July he met Nay Moran in Idaho for his second Idaho camping-trip; and
+it was on his return from this outing that I met him, and ate his jerked
+meat and loved him, and never stopped doing that for one second.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III
+
+
+There were three boys in the Parker family, and one girl. Each of the
+other brothers had been encouraged to see the world, and in his turn
+Carl planned fourteen months in Europe, his serious objective being, on
+his return, to act as Extension Secretary to Professor Stephens of the
+University of California, who was preparing to organize Extension work
+for the first time in California. Carl was to study the English
+Extension system and also prepare for some Extension lecturing.
+
+By that time, we had come a bit to our senses, and I had realized that
+since there was no money anyhow to marry on, and since I was so young, I
+had better stay on and graduate from college. Carl could have his trip
+to Europe and get an option, perhaps, on a tent in Persia. A friend was
+telling me recently of running into Carl on the street just before he
+left for Europe and asking him what he was planning to do for the
+future. Carl answered with a twinkle, "I don't know but what there's
+room for an energetic up-and-coming young man in Asia Minor."
+
+I stopped writing here to read through Carl's European letters, and laid
+aside about seven I wanted to quote from: the accounts of three dinners
+at Sidney and Beatrice Webb's in London--what knowing them always meant
+to him! They, perhaps, have forgotten him; but meeting the Webbs and
+Graham Wallas and that English group could be nothing but red-letter
+events to a young economic enthusiast one year out of college, studying
+Trade-Unionism in the London School of Economics.
+
+Then there was his South-African trip. He was sent there by a London
+firm, to expert a mine near Johannesburg. Although he cabled five times,
+said firm sent no money. The bitter disgust and anguish of those
+weeks--neither of us ever had much patience under such circumstances.
+But he experted his mine, and found it absolutely worthless; explored
+the veldt on a second-hand bicycle, cooked little meals of bacon and
+mush wherever he found himself, and wrote to me. Meanwhile he learned
+much, studied the coolie question, investigated mine-workings, was
+entertained by his old college mates--mining experts themselves--in
+Johannesburg. There was the letter telling of the bull fight at
+Zanzibar, or Delagoa Bay, or some seafaring port thereabouts, that broke
+his heart, it was such a disappointment--"it made a Kappa tea look gory
+by comparison." And the letter that regretfully admitted that perhaps,
+after all, Persia would not just do to settle down in. About that time
+he wanted California with a fearful want, and was all done with foreign
+parts, and declared that any place just big enough for two suited
+him--it did not need to be as far away as Persia after all. At last he
+borrowed money to get back to Europe, claiming that "he had learned his
+lesson and learned it hard." And finally he came home as fast as ever he
+could reach Berkeley--did not stop even to telegraph.
+
+I had planned for months a dress I knew he would love to have me greet
+him in. It was hanging ready in the closet. As it was, I had started to
+retire--in the same room with a Freshman whom I was supposed to be
+"rushing" hard--when I heard a soft whistle--our whistle--under my
+window. My heart stopped beating. I just grabbed a raincoat and threw it
+over me, my hair down in a braid, and in the middle of a sentence to the
+astounded Freshman I dashed out.
+
+My father had said, "If neither of you changes your mind while Carl is
+away, I have no objection to your becoming engaged." In about ten
+minutes after his return we were formally engaged, on a bench up in the
+Deaf and Dumb Asylum grounds--our favorite trysting-place. It would have
+been foolish to waste a new dress on that night. I was clad in cloth of
+gold for all Carl knew or cared, or could see in the dark, for that
+matter. The deserted Freshman was sound asleep when I got back--and
+joined another sorority.
+
+Thereafter, for a time, Carl went into University Extension, lecturing
+on Trade-Unionism and South Africa. It did not please him altogether,
+and finally my father, a lawyer himself, persuaded him to go into law.
+Carl Parker in law! How we used to shudder at it afterwards; but it was
+just one more broadening experience that he got out of life.
+
+Then came the San Francisco earthquake. That was the end of my Junior
+year, and we felt we had to be married when I finished college--nothing
+else mattered quite as much as that. So when an offer came out of a
+clear sky from Halsey and Company, for Carl to be a bond-salesman on a
+salary that assured matrimony within a year, though in no affluence, and
+the bottom all out of the law business and no enthusiasm for it anyway,
+we held a consultation and decided for bonds and marriage. What a
+bond-salesman Carl made! Those who knew him knew what has been referred
+to as "the magic of his personality," and could understand how he was
+having the whole of a small country town asking him to dinner on his
+second visit.
+
+I somehow got through my Senior year; but how the days dragged! For all
+I could think of was Carl, Carl, Carl, and getting married. Yet no
+one--no one on this earth--ever had the fun out of their engaged days
+that we did, when we were together. Carl used to say that the
+accumulated expenses of courting me for almost four years came to
+$10.25. He just guessed at $10.25, though any cheap figure would have
+done. We just did not care about doing things that happened to cost
+money. We never did care in our lives, and never would have cared, no
+matter what our income might be. Undoubtedly that was the main reason we
+were so blissful on such a small salary in University work--we could
+never think, at the time, of anything much we were doing without. I
+remember that the happiest Christmas we almost ever had was over in the
+country, when we spent under two dollars for all of us. We were
+absolutely down to bed-rock that year anyway. (It was just after we paid
+off our European debt.) Carl gave me a book, "The Pastor's Wife," and we
+gloated over it together all Christmas afternoon! We gave each of the
+boys a ten-cent cap-pistol and five cents' worth of caps--they were in
+their Paradise. I mended three shirts of Carl's that had been in my
+basket so long they were really like new to him,--he'd forgotten he
+owned them!--laundered them, and hung the trio, tied in tissue paper and
+red ribbon, on the tree. That _was_ a Christmas!
+
+He used to claim, too, that, as I got so excited over five cents' worth
+of gum-drops, there was no use investing in a dollar's worth of French
+mixed candy--especially if one hadn't the dollar. We always loved
+tramping more than anything else, and just prowling around the streets
+arm-in-arm, ending perhaps with an ice-cream soda. Not over-costly, any
+of it. I have kept some little reminder of almost every spree we took in
+our four engaged years--it is a book of sheer joy from cover to cover.
+Except always, always the need of saying good-bye: it got so that it
+seemed almost impossible to say it.
+
+And then came the day when it did not have to be said each time--that
+day of days, September 7, 1907, when we were married. Idaho for our
+honeymoon had to be abandoned, as three weeks was the longest vacation
+period we could wring from a soulless bond-house. But not even Idaho
+could have brought us more joy than our seventy-five-mile trip up the
+Rogue River in Southern Oregon. We hired an old buckboard and two
+ancient, almost immobile, so-called horses,--they needed scant
+attention,--and with provisions, gun, rods, and sleeping-bags, we
+started forth. The woods were in their autumn glory, the fish were
+biting, corn was ripe along the roadside, and apples--Rogue River
+apples--made red blotches under every tree. "Help yourselves!" the
+farmers would sing out, or would not sing out. It was all one to us.
+
+I found that, along with his every other accomplishment, I had married
+an expert camp cook. He found that he had married a person who could not
+even boil rice. The first night out on our trip, Carl said, "You start
+the rice while I tend to the horses." He knew I could not cook--I had
+planned to take a course in Domestic Science on graduation; however, he
+preferred to marry me earlier, inexperienced, than later, experienced.
+But evidently he thought even a low-grade moron could boil rice. The
+bride of his heart did not know that rice swelled when it boiled. We
+were hungry, we would want lots of rice, so I put lots in. By the time
+Carl came back I had partly cooked rice in every utensil we owned,
+including the coffee-pot and the wash-basin. And still he loved me!
+
+That honeymoon! Lazy horses poking unprodded along an almost deserted
+mountain road; glimpses of the river lined with autumn reds and yellows;
+camp made toward evening in any spot that looked appealing--and all
+spots looked appealing; two fish-rods out; consultation as to flies;
+leave-taking for half an hour's parting, while one went up the river to
+try his luck, one down. Joyous reunion, with much luck or little luck,
+but always enough for supper: trout rolled in cornmeal and fried, corn
+on the cob just garnered from a willing or unwilling farmer that
+afternoon, corn-bread,--the most luscious corn-bread in the world,
+baked camper-style by the man of the party,--and red, red apples, eaten
+by two people who had waited four years for just that. Evenings
+in a sandy nook by the river's edge, watching the stars come out
+above the water. Adventures, such as losing Chocolada, the brown
+seventy-eight-year-old horse, and finding her up to her neck in a deep
+stream running through a grassy meadow with perpendicular banks on
+either side. We walked miles till we found a farmer. With the aid of
+himself and his tools, plus a stout rope and a tree, in an afternoon's
+time we dug and pulled and hauled and yanked Chocolada up and out onto
+dry land, more nearly dead than ever by that time. The ancient senile
+had just fallen in while drinking.
+
+We made a permanent camp for one week seventy-five miles up the river,
+in a spot so deserted that we had to cut the road through to reach it.
+There we laundered our change of overalls and odds and ends, using the
+largest cooking utensil for boiling what was boiled, and all the food
+tasted of Ivory soap for two days; but we did not mind even that. And
+then, after three weeks, back to skirts and collars and civilization,
+and a continued honeymoon from Medford, Oregon, to Seattle, Washington,
+doing all the country banks _en route_. In Portland we had to be
+separated for one whole day--it seemed nothing short of harrowing.
+
+Then came Seattle and house-hunting. We had a hundred dollars a month to
+live on, and every apartment we looked at rented for from sixty dollars
+up. Finally, in despair, we took two wee rooms, a wee-er kitchen, and
+bath, for forty dollars. It was just before the panic in 1907, and rents
+were exorbitant. And from having seventy-five dollars spending money a
+month before I was married, I jumped to keeping two of us on sixty
+dollars, which was what was left after the rent was paid. I am not
+rationalizing when I say I am glad that we did not have a cent more. It
+was a real sporting event to make both ends meet! And we did it, and
+saved a dollar or so, just to show we could. Any and every thing we
+commandeered to help maintain our solvency. Seattle was quite given to
+food fairs in those days, and we kept a weather eye out for such. We
+would eat no lunch, make for the Food Show about three, nibble at
+samples all afternoon, and come home well-fed about eight, having bought
+enough necessities here and there to keep our consciences from hurting.
+
+Much of the time Carl had to be on the road selling bonds, and we almost
+grieved our hearts out over that. In fact, we got desperate, and when
+Carl was offered an assistant cashiership in a bank in Ellensburg,
+Washington, we were just about to accept it, when the panic came, and it
+was all for retrenchment in banks. Then we planned farming, planned it
+with determination. It was too awful, those good-byes. Each got worse
+and harder than the last. We had divine days in between, to be sure,
+when we'd prowl out into the woods around the city, with a picnic lunch,
+or bummel along the waterfront, ending at a counter we knew, which
+produced, or the man behind it produced, delectable and cheap clubhouse
+sandwiches.
+
+The bond business, and business conditions generally in the Northwest,
+got worse and worse. In March, after six months of Seattle, we were
+called back to the San Francisco office. Business results were better,
+Carl's salary was raised considerably, but there were still separations.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV
+
+
+On July 3, the Marvelous Son was born, and never was there such a
+father. Even the trained nurse, hardened to new fathers by years of
+experience, admitted that she never had seen any one take parenthood
+quite so hard. Four times in the night he crept in to see if the baby
+was surely breathing. We were in a very quiet neighborhood, yet the next
+day, being Fourth of July, now and then a pop would be heard. At each
+report of a cap-pistol a block away, Carl would dash out and vehemently
+protest to a group of scornful youngsters that they would wake our son.
+As if a one-day-old baby would seriously consider waking if a giant
+fire-cracker went off under his bed!
+
+Those were magic days. Three of us in the family instead of two--and
+separations harder than ever. Once in all the ten and a half years we
+were married I saw Carl Parker downright discouraged over his own
+affairs, and that was the day I met him down town in Oakland and he
+announced that he just could not stand the bond business any longer. He
+had come to dislike it heartily as a business; and then, leaving the boy
+and me was not worth the whole financial world put together. Since his
+European experience,--meeting the Webbs and their kind,--he had had a
+hankering for University work, but he felt that the money return was so
+small he simply could not contemplate raising a family on it. But now we
+were desperate. We longed for a life that would give us the maximum
+chance to be together. Cold-bloodedly we decided that University work
+would give us that opportunity, and the long vacations would give us our
+mountains.
+
+The work itself made its strong appeal, too. Professor Henry Morse
+Stephens and Professor Miller of the University of California had long
+urged Carl to go into teaching; and at last we decided that, even if it
+meant living on husks and skimmed milk all our days, at least we would
+be eating what there was to eat together, three meals a day every day.
+We cashed in our savings, we drew on everything there was to draw on,
+and on February 1, 1909, the three of us embarked for Harvard--with
+fifty-six dollars and seventy-five cents excess-baggage to pay at the
+depot, such young ignoramuses we were.
+
+That trip East was worth any future hardship we might have reaped. Our
+seven-months-old baby was one of the young saints of the world--not once
+in the five days did he peep. We'd pin him securely in the lower berth
+of our compartment for his nap, and back we would fly to the corner of
+the rear platform of the observation car, and gloat, just gloat, over
+how we had come into the inheritance of all creation. We owned the
+world. And I, who had never been farther from my California home town
+than Seattle, who never had seen real snow, except that Christmas when
+we spent four days at the Scenic Hot Springs in the Cascades, and skied
+and sledded and spilled around like six-year-olds! But stretches and
+stretches of snow! And then, just traveling, and together!
+
+And to be in Boston! We took a room with a bath in the Copley Square
+Hotel. The first evening we arrived, Nandy (Carleton, Jr.) rolled off
+the bed; so when we went gallivanting about Boston, shopping for the new
+home, we left him in the bath-tub where he could not fall out. We padded
+it well with pillows, there was a big window letting in plenty of fresh
+air, and we instructed the chambermaid to peep at him now and then. And
+there we would leave him, well-nourished and asleep. (By the time that
+story had been passed around by enough people in the home town, it
+developed that one day the baby--just seven months old, remember--got up
+and turned on the water, and was found by the chambermaid sinking for
+the third time.)
+
+Something happened to the draft from the home bank, which should have
+reached Boston almost at the same time we did. We gazed into the family
+pocket-book one fine morning, to find it, to all intents and purposes,
+empty. Hurried meeting of the finance committee. By unanimous consent of
+all present, we decided--as many another mortal in a strange town has
+decided--on the pawnshop. I wonder if my dear grandmother will read
+this--she probably will. Carl first submitted his gold watch--the baby
+had dropped it once, and it had shrunk thereby in the eyes of the
+pawnshop man, though not in ours. The only other valuable we had along
+with us was my grandmother's wedding present to me, which had been my
+grandfather's wedding present to her--a glorious old-fashioned
+breast-pin. We were allowed fifty dollars on it, which saved the day.
+What will my grandmother say when she knows that her bridal gift resided
+for some days in a Boston pawnshop?
+
+We moved out to Cambridge in due time, and settled at Bromley Court, on
+the very edge of the Yard. We thrilled to all of it--we drank in every
+ounce of dignity and tradition the place afforded, and our wild Western
+souls exulted. We knew no one when we reached Boston, but our first
+Sunday we were invited to dinner in Cambridge by two people who were,
+ever after, our cordial, faithful friends--Mr. and Mrs. John Graham
+Brooks. They made us feel at once that Cambridge was not the socially
+icy place it is painted in song and story. Then I remember the afternoon
+that I had a week's wash strung on an improvised line back and forth
+from one end of our apartment to the other. Just as I hung the last damp
+garment, the bell rang, and there stood an immaculate gentleman in a
+cutaway and silk hat, who had come to call--an old friend of my
+mother's. He ducked under wet clothes, and we set two chairs where we
+could see each other, and yet nothing was dripping down either of our
+necks; and there we conversed, and he ended by inviting us both to
+dinner--on Marlborough Street, at that! He must have loved my mother
+very dearly to have sought further acquaintance with folk who hung the
+family wash in the hall and the living-room and dining-room. His house
+on Marlborough Street! We boldly and excitedly figured up on the way
+home, that they spent on the one meal they fed us more than it cost us
+to live for two weeks--they honestly did.
+
+Then there was the dear "Jello" lady at the market. I wish she would
+somehow happen to read this, so as to know that we have never forgotten
+her. Every Saturday the three of us went to the market, and there was
+the Jello lady with her samples. The helpings she dished for us each
+time! She brought the man to whom she was engaged to call on us just
+before we left. I wonder if they got married, and where they are, and if
+she still remembers us. She used to say she just waited for Saturdays
+and our coming. Then there was dear Granny Jones, who kept a
+boarding-house half a block away. I do not remember how we came to know
+her, but some good angel saw to it. She used to send around little bowls
+of luscious dessert, and half a pie, or some hot muffins. Then I was
+always grateful also--for it made such a good story, and it was true--to
+the New England wife of a fellow graduate student who remarked, when I
+told her we had one baby and another on the way, "How interesting--just
+like the slums!"
+
+We did our own work, of course, and we lived on next to nothing. I
+wonder now how we kept so well that year. Of course, we fed the baby
+everything he should have,--according to Holt in those days,--and we ate
+the mutton left from his broth and the beef after the juice had been
+squeezed out of it for him, and bought storage eggs ourselves, and queer
+butter out of a barrel, and were absolutely, absolutely blissful.
+Perhaps we should have spent more on food and less on baseball. I am
+glad we did not. Almost every Saturday afternoon that first semester we
+fared forth early, Nandy in his go-cart, to get a seat in the front row
+of the baseball grandstand. I remember one Saturday we were late, front
+seats all taken. We had to pack baby and go-cart more than half-way up
+to the top. There we barricaded him, still in the go-cart, in the middle
+of the aisle. Along about the seventh inning, the game waxed
+particularly exciting--we were beside ourselves with enthusiasm. Fellow
+onlookers seemed even more excited--they called out things--they seemed
+to be calling in our direction. Fine parents we were--there was Nandy,
+go-cart and all, bumpety-bumping down the grandstand steps.
+
+I remember again the Stadium on the day of the big track meet. Every
+time the official announcer would put the megaphone to his mouth, to
+call out winners and time to a hushed and eager throng, Nandy, not yet a
+year old, would begin to squeal at the top of his lungs for joy. Nobody
+could hear a word the official said. We were as distressed as any
+one--we, too, had pencils poised to jot down records.
+
+Carl studied very hard. The first few weeks, until we got used to the
+new wonder of things, he used to run home from college whenever he had a
+spare minute, just to be sure he was that near. At that time he was
+rather preparing to go into Transportation as his main economic subject.
+But by the end of the year he knew Labor would be his love. (His first
+published economic article was a short one that appeared in the
+"Quarterly Journal of Economics" for May, 1910, on "The Decline of
+Trade-Union Membership.") We had a tragic summer.
+
+Carl felt that he must take his Master's degree, but he had no foreign
+language. Three terrible, wicked, unforgivable professors assured him
+that, if he could be in Germany six weeks during summer vacation, he
+could get enough German to pass the examination for the A.M. We believed
+them, and he went; though of all the partings we ever had, that was the
+very worst. Almost at the last he just could not go; but we were so sure
+that it would solve the whole A.M. problem. He went third class on a
+German steamer, since we had money for nothing better. The food did
+distress even his unfinicky soul. After a particularly sad offering of
+salt herring, uncooked, on a particularly rough day, he wrote, "I find I
+am not a good Hamburger German. The latter eat all things in all
+weather."
+
+Oh, the misery of that summer! We never talked about it much. He went to
+Freiburg, to a German cobbler's family, but later changed, as the
+cobbler's son looked upon him as a dispensation of Providence, sent to
+practise his English upon. His heart was breaking, and mine was
+breaking, and he was working at German (and languages came fearfully
+hard for him) morning, afternoon, and night, with two lessons a day, his
+only diversion being a daily walk up a hill, with a cake of soap and a
+towel, to a secluded waterfall he discovered. He wrote a letter and a
+postcard a day to the babe and me. I have just re-read all of them, and
+my heart aches afresh for the homesickness that summer meant to both of
+us.
+
+He got back two days before our wedding anniversary--days like those
+first few after our reunion are not given to many mortals. I would say
+no one had ever tasted such joy. The baby gurgled about, and was kissed
+within an inch of his life. The Jello lady sent around a dessert of
+sixteen different colors, more or less, big enough for a family of
+eight, as her welcome home.
+
+About six weeks later we called our beloved Dr. J---- from a banquet he
+had long looked forward to, in order to officiate at the birth of our
+second, known as Thomas-Elizabeth up to October 17, but from about
+ten-thirty that night as James Stratton Parker. We named him after my
+grandfather, for the simple reason that we liked the name Jim. How we
+chuckled when my father's congratulatory telegram came, in which he
+claimed pleasure at having the boy named after his father, but cautioned
+us never to allow him to be nicknamed. I remember the boresome youth who
+used to call, week in week out,--always just before a meal,--and we were
+so hard up, and got so that we resented feeding such an impossible
+person so many times. He dropped in at noon Friday the 17th, for lunch.
+A few days later Carl met him on the street and announced rapturously
+the arrival of the new son. The impossible person hemmed and stammered:
+"Why--er--when did it arrive?" Carl, all beams, replied, "The very
+evening of the day you were at our house for lunch!" We never laid eyes
+on that man again! We were almost four months longer in Cambridge, but
+never did he step foot inside our apartment. I wish some one could have
+psycho-analyzed him, but it's too late now. He died about a year after
+we left Cambridge. I always felt that he never got over the shock of
+having escaped Jim's arrival by such a narrow margin.
+
+And right here I must tell of Dr. J----. He was recommended as the best
+doctor in Cambridge, but very expensive. "We may have to economize in
+everything on earth," said Carl, "but we'll never economize on doctors."
+So we had Dr. J----, had him for all the minor upsets that families need
+doctors for; had him when Jim was born; had him through a queer fever
+Nandy developed that lasted some time; had him through a bad case of
+grippe I got (this was at Christmastime, and Carl took care of both
+babies, did all the cooking, even to the Christmas turkey I was well
+enough to eat by then, got up every two hours for three nights to change
+an ice-pack I had to have--that's the kind of man he was!); had him
+vaccinate both children; and then, just before we left Cambridge, we sat
+and held his bill, afraid to open the envelope. At length we gathered
+our courage, and gazed upon charges of sixty-five dollars for
+everything, with a wonderful note which said that, if we would be
+inconvenienced in paying that, he would not mind at all if he got
+nothing.
+
+Such excitement! We had expected two hundred dollars at the least! We
+tore out and bought ten cents' worth of doughnuts, to celebrate. When we
+exclaimed to him over his goodness,--of course we paid the sixty-five
+dollars,--all he said was: "Do you think a doctor is blind? And does a
+man go steerage to Europe if he has a lot of money in the bank?" Bless
+that doctor's heart! Bless all doctors' hearts! We went through our
+married life in the days of our financial slimness, with kindness shown
+us by every doctor we ever had. I remember our Heidelberg German doctor
+sent us a bill for a year of a dollar and a half. And even in our more
+prosperous days, at Carl's last illness, with that good Seattle doctor
+calling day and night, and caring for me after Carl's death, he refused
+to send any bill for anything. And a little later, when I paid a long
+overdue bill to our blessed Oakland doctor for a tonsil operation, he
+sent the check back torn in two. Bless doctors!
+
+When we left for Harvard, we had an idea that perhaps one year of
+graduate work would be sufficient. Naturally, about two months was
+enough to show us that one year would get us nowhere. Could we finance
+an added year at, perhaps, Wisconsin? And then, in November, Professor
+Miller of Berkeley called to talk things over with Carl. Anon he
+remarked, more or less casually, "The thing for you to do is to have a
+year's study in Germany," and proceeded to enlarge on that idea. We sat
+dumb, and the minute the door was closed after him, we flopped. "What
+was the man thinking of--to suggest a year in Germany, when we have no
+money and two babies, one not a year and a half, and one six weeks old!"
+Preposterous!
+
+That was Saturday afternoon. By Monday morning we had decided we would
+go! Thereupon we wrote West to finance the plan, and got beautifully sat
+upon for our "notions." If we needed money, we had better give up this
+whole fool University idea and get a decent man-sized job. And then we
+wrote my father,--or, rather, I wrote him without telling Carl till
+after the letter was mailed,--and bless his heart! he replied with a fat
+God-bless-you-my-children registered letter, with check enclosed,
+agreeing to my stipulation that it should be a six-per-cent business
+affair. Suppose we could not have raised that money--suppose our lives
+had been minus that German experience! Bless fathers! They may scold and
+fuss at romance, and have "good sensible ideas of their own" on such
+matters, but--bless fathers!
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V
+
+
+We finished our year at Harvard, giving up the A.M. idea for the
+present. Carl got A's in every subject and was asked to take a teaching
+fellowship under Ripley; but it was Europe for us. We set forth February
+22, 1909, in a big snowstorm, with two babies, and one thousand six
+hundred and seventy-six bundles, bags, and presents. Jim was in one of
+those fur-bags that babies use in the East. Everything we were about to
+forget the last minute got shoved into that bag with Jim, and it surely
+began to look as if we had brought a young and very lumpy mastodon into
+the world!
+
+We went by boat from Boston to New York, and sailed on the Pennsylvania
+February 24. People wrote us in those days: "You two brave people--think
+of starting to Europe with two babies!" Brave was the last word to use.
+Had we worried or had fears over anything, and yet fared forth, we
+should perhaps have been brave. As it was, I can feel again the
+sensation of leaving New York, gazing back on the city buildings and
+bridges bathed in sunshine after the storm. Exultant joy was in our
+hearts, that was all. Not one worry, not one concern, not one small drop
+of homesickness. We were to see Europe together, year before we had
+dreamed it possible. It just seemed too glorious to be true. "Brave"?
+Far from it. Simply eager, glowing, filled to the brim with a
+determination to drain every day to the full.
+
+I discovered that, while my husband had married a female who could not
+cook rice (though she learned), I had taken unto myself a spouse who
+curled up green half a day out on the ocean, and stayed that way for
+about six days. He tried so desperately to help with the babies, but it
+always made matters worse. If I had turned green, too--But babies and I
+prospered without interruption, though some ants did try to eat Jim's
+scalp off one night--"sugar ants" the doctor called them. "They knew
+their business," our dad remarked. We were three days late getting into
+Hamburg--fourteen days on the ocean, all told. And then to be in Hamburg
+in Germany--in Europe! I remember our first meal in the queer little
+cheap hotel we rooted out. "_Eier_" was the only word on the bill of
+fare we could make out, so Carl brushed up his German and ordered four
+for us, fried. And the waiter brought four each. He probably declared
+for years that all Americans always eat four fried eggs each and every
+night for supper.
+
+We headed for Leipzig at once, and there Carl unearthed the Pension
+Schroeter on Sophien Platz. There we had two rooms and all the food we
+could eat,--far too much for us to eat, and oh! so delicious,--for
+fifty-five dollars a month for the entire family, although Jim hardly
+ranked as yet, economically speaking, as part of the consuming public.
+We drained Leipzig to the dregs--a good German idiom. Carl worked at his
+German steadily, almost frantically, with a lesson every day along with
+all his university work--a seven o'clock lecture by Buecher every morning
+being the cheery start for the day, and we blocks and blocks from the
+University. I think of Carl through those days with extra pride, though
+it is hard to decide that I was ever prouder of him at one time than
+another. But he strained and labored without ceasing at such an
+uninspiring job. All his hard study that broken-hearted summer at
+Freiburg had given him no single word of an economic vocabulary. In
+Leipzig he listened hour by hour to the lectures of his German
+professors, sometimes not understanding an important word for several
+days, yet exerting every intellectual muscle to get some light in his
+darkness. Then, for, hours each day and almost every evening, it was
+grammar, grammar, grammar, till he wondered at times if all life meant
+an understanding of the subjunctive. Then, little by little, rays of
+hope. "I caught five words in ----'s lecture to-day!" Then it was ten,
+then twenty. Never a lecture of any day did he miss.
+
+We stole moments for joy along the way. First, of course, there was the
+opera--grand opera at twenty-five cents a seat. How Wagner bored us at
+first--except the parts here and there that we had known all our lives.
+Neither of us had had any musical education to speak of; each of us got
+great joy out of what we considered "good" music, but which was
+evidently low-brow. And Wagner at first was too much for us. That night
+in Leipzig we heard the "Walkuere!"--utterly aghast and rather impatient
+at so much non-understandable noise. Then we would drop down to
+"Carmen," "La Boheme," Hoffman's "Erzaeblung," and think, "This is life!"
+Each night that we spared for a spree we sought out some beer-hall--as
+unfrequented a one as possible, to get all the local color we could.
+
+Once Carl decided that, as long as we had come so far, I must get a
+glimpse of real European night-life--it might startle me a bit, but
+would do no harm. So, after due deliberation, he led me to the Cafe
+Bauer, the reputed wild and questionable resort of Leipzig night-life,
+though the pension glanced ceiling-wards and sighed and shook their
+heads. I do not know just what I did expect to see, but I know that what
+I saw was countless stolid family parties--on all sides grandmas and
+grandpas and sons and daughters, and the babies in high chairs beating
+the tables with spoons. It was quite the most moral atmosphere we ever
+found ourselves in. That is what you get for deliberately setting out to
+see the wickedness of the world!
+
+From Leipzig we went to Berlin. We did not want to go to Berlin--Jena
+was the spot we had in mind. Just as a few months at Harvard showed us
+that one year there would be but a mere start, so one semester in
+Germany showed us that one year there would get us nowhere. We must stay
+longer,--from one to two years longer,--but how, alas, how finance it?
+That eternal question! We finally decided that, if we took the next
+semester or so in Berlin, Carl could earn money enough coaching to keep
+us going without having to borrow more. So to Berlin we went. We
+accomplished our financial purpose, but at too great a cost.
+
+In Berlin we found a small furnished apartment on the ground floor of a
+Gartenhaus in Charlottenburg--Mommsen Strasse it was. At once Carl
+started out to find coaching; and how he found it always seemed to me an
+illustration of the way he could succeed at anything anywhere. We knew
+no one in Berlin. First he went to the minister of the American church;
+he in turn gave him names of Americans who might want coaching, and then
+Carl looked up those people. In about two months he had all the coaching
+he could possibly handle, and we could have stayed indefinitely in
+Berlin in comfort, for Carl was making over one hundred dollars a month,
+and that in his spare time.
+
+But the agony of those months: to be in Germany and yet get so little
+Germany out of it! We had splendid letters of introduction to German
+people, from German friends we had made in Leipzig, but we could not
+find a chance even to present them. Carl coached three youngsters in the
+three R's; he was preparing two of the age just above, for college; he
+had one American youth, who had ambitions to burst out monthly in the
+"Saturday Evening Post" stories; there was a class of five middle-aged
+women, who wanted Shakespeare, and got it; two classes in Current
+Events; one group of Christian Scientists, who put in a modest demand
+for the history of the world. I remember Carl had led them up to Pepin
+the Short when we left Berlin. He contracted everything and anything
+except one group who desired a course of lectures in Pragmatism. I do
+not think he had ever heard of the term then, but he took one look at
+the lay of the land and said--not so! In his last years, when he became
+such a worshiper at the shrine of William James and John Dewey, we often
+used to laugh at his Berlin profanity over the very idea of ever getting
+a word of such "bunk" into his head.
+
+But think of the strain it all meant--lessons and lessons every day, on
+every subject under heaven, and in every spare minute continued grinding
+at his German, and, of course, every day numerous hours at the
+University, and so little time for sprees together. We assumed in our
+prosperity the luxury of a maid--the unparalleled Anna Bederke aus
+Rothenburg, Kreis Bumps (?), Posen, at four dollars a month, who for a
+year and a half was the amusement and desperation of ourselves and our
+friends. Dear, crooked-nosed, one-good-eye Anna! She adored the ground
+we walked on. Our German friends told us we had ruined her forever--she
+would never be fit for the discipline of a German household again. Since
+war was first declared we have lost all track of Anna. Was her Poland
+home in the devastated country? Did she marry a soldier, and is she too,
+perhaps, a widow? Faithful Anna, do not think for one minute you will
+ever be forgotten by the Parkers.
+
+With Anna to leave the young with now and then, I was able to get in two
+sprees a week with Carl. Every Wednesday and Saturday noon I met him at
+the University and we had lunch together. Usually on Wednesdays we ate
+at the Cafe Rheingold, the spot I think of with most affection as I look
+back on Berlin.
+
+We used to eat in the "Shell Room"--an individual chicken-and-rice pie
+(as much chicken as rice), a vegetable, and a glass of beer each, for
+thirty-five cents for both. Saturdays we hunted for different smaller
+out-of-the-way restaurants. Wednesday nights "Uncle K." of the
+University of Wisconsin always came to supper, bringing a
+thirty-five-cent rebate his landlady allowed him when he ate out; and we
+had chicken every Wednesday night, which cost--a fat one--never more
+than fifty cents. (It was Uncle K. who wrote, "The world is so different
+with Carl gone!") Once we rented bicycles and rode all through the
+Tiergarten, Carl and I, with the expected stiffness and soreness next
+day.
+
+Then there was Christmas in Berlin. Three friends traveled up from Rome
+to be with us, two students came from Leipzig, and four from
+Berlin--eleven for dinner, and four chairs all told. It was a regular
+"La Boheme" festival--one guest appearing with a bottle of wine under
+his arm, another with a jar of caviare sent him from Russia. We had a
+gay week of it after Christmas, when the whole eleven of us went on some
+Dutch-treat spree every night, before going back to our studies.
+
+Then came those last grueling months in Berlin, when Carl had a
+breakdown, and I got sick nursing him and had to go to a German
+hospital; and while I was there Jim was threatened with pneumonia and
+Nandy got tonsillitis. In the midst of it all the lease expired on our
+Wohnung, and Carl and Anna had to move the family out. We decided that
+we had had all we wanted of coaching in Berlin,--we came to that
+conclusion before any of the breakdowns,--threw our pride to the winds,
+borrowed more money from my good father, and as soon as the family was
+well enough to travel, we made for our ever-to-be-adored Heidelberg.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI
+
+
+Here I sit back, and words fail me. I see that year as a kaleidoscope of
+one joyful day after another, each rushing by and leaving the memory
+that we both always had, of the most perfect year that was ever given to
+mortals on earth. I remember our eighth wedding anniversary in Berkeley.
+We had been going night after night until we were tired of going
+anywhere,--engagements seemed to have heaped up,--so we decided that the
+very happiest way we could celebrate that most-to-be-celebrated of all
+dates was just to stay at home, plug the telephone, pull down the
+blinds, and have an evening by ourselves. Then we got out everything
+that we kept as mementos of our European days, and went over them--all
+the postcards, memory-books, theatre and opera programmes, etc., and,
+lastly, read my diary--I had kept a record of every day in Europe. When
+we came to that year in Heidelberg, we just could not believe our own
+eyes. How had we ever managed to pack a year so full, and live to tell
+the tale? I wish I could write a story of just that year. We swore an
+oath in Berlin that we would make Heidelberg mean Germany to us--no
+English-speaking, no Americans. As far as it lay in our power, we lived
+up to it. Carl and I spoke only German to each other and to the
+children, and we shunned our fellow countrymen as if they had had the
+plague. And Carl, in the characteristic way he had, set out to fill our
+lives with all the real German life we could get into them, not waiting
+for that life to come of itself--which it might never have done.
+
+One afternoon, on his way home from the University, he discovered in a
+back alley the Weiser Boch, a little restaurant and beer-hall so full of
+local color that it "hollered." No, it did not holler: it was too real
+for that. It was sombre and carved up--it whispered. Carl made immediate
+friends, in the way he had, with the portly Frau and Herr who ran the
+Weiser Boch: they desired to meet me, they desired to see the Kinder,
+and would not the Herr Student like to have the Weiser Boch lady mention
+his name to some of the German students who dropped in? Carl left his
+card, and wondered if anything would come of it.
+
+The very next afternoon,--such a glowing account of the Amerikaner the
+Weiser Boch lady must have given,--a real truly German student, in his
+corps cap and ribbons, called at our home--the stiffest, most decorous
+heel-clicking German student I ever was to see. His embarrassment was
+great when he discovered that Carl was out, and I seemed to take it
+quite for granted that he was to sit down for a moment and visit with
+me. He fell over everything. But we visited, and I was able to gather
+that his corps wished Herr Student Par-r-r-ker to have beer with them
+the following evening. Then he bowed himself backwards and out, and
+fled.
+
+I could scarce wait for Carl to get home--it was too good to be true.
+And that was but the beginning. Invitation after invitation came to
+Carl, first from one corps, then from another; almost every Saturday
+night he saw German student-life first hand somewhere, and at least one
+day a week he was invited to the duels in the Hirsch Gasse. Little by
+little we got the students to our Wohnung; then we got chummier and
+chummier, till we would walk up Haupt Strasse saluting here, passing a
+word there, invited to some student function one night, another affair
+another night. The students who lived in Heidelberg had us meet their
+families, and those who were batching in Heidelberg often had us come to
+their rooms. We made friendships during that year that nothing could
+ever mar.
+
+It is two years now since we received the last letter from any
+Heidelberg chum. Are they all killed, perhaps? And when we can
+communicate again, after the war, think of what I must write them! Carl
+was a revelation to most of them--they would talk about him to me, and
+ask if all Americans were like him, so fresh in spirit, so clean, so
+sincere, so full of fun, and, with it all, doing the finest work of all
+of them but one in the University.
+
+The economics students tried to think of some way of influencing Alfred
+Weber to give another course of lectures at the University. He was in
+retirement at Heidelberg, but still the adored of the students. Finally,
+they decided that a committee of three should represent them and make a
+personal appeal. Carl was one of the three chosen. The report soon flew
+around, how, in Weber's august presence, the Amerikaner had stood with
+his hands in his pockets--even sat for a few moments on the edge of
+Weber's desk. The two Germans, posed like ramrods, expected to see such
+informality shoved out bodily. Instead, when they took their leave, the
+Herr Professor had actually patted the Amerikaner on the shoulder, and
+said he guessed he would give the lectures.
+
+Then his report in Gothein's Seminar, which went so well that I fairly
+burst with pride. He had worked day and night on that. I was to meet him
+at eight after it had been given, and we were to have a celebration. I
+was standing by the entrance to the University building when out came an
+enthused group of jabbering German students, Carl in their midst. They
+were patting him on the back, shaking his hands furiously; and when they
+saw me, they rushed to tell me of Carl's success and how Gothein had
+said before all that it had been the best paper presented that semester.
+
+I find myself smiling as I write this--I was too happy that night to
+eat.
+
+The Sunday trips we made up the Neckar: each morning early we would take
+the train and ride to where we had walked the Sunday previous; then we
+would tramp as far as we could,--meaning until dark,--have lunch at some
+untouristed inn along the road, or perhaps eat a picnic lunch of our own
+in some old castle ruin, and then ride home. Oh, those Sundays! I tell
+you no two people in all this world, since people were, have ever had
+_one_ day like those Sundays. And we had them almost every week. It
+would have been worth going to Germany for just one of those days.
+
+There was the gay, glad party that the Economic students gave, out in
+Handschusheim at the "zum Bachlenz"; first, the banquet, with a big
+roomful of jovial young Germans; then the play, in which Carl and I both
+took part. Carl appeared in a mixture of his Idaho outfit and a German
+peasant's costume, beating a large drum. He represented "Materialindex,"
+and called out loudly, "Ich bitte mich nicht zu vergessen. Ich bin auch
+da." I was "Methode," which nobody wanted to claim; whereat I wept. I am
+looking at the flashlight picture of us all at this moment. Then came
+the dancing, and then at about four o'clock the walk home in the
+moonlight, by the old castle ruin in Handschusheim, singing the German
+student-songs.
+
+There was Carnival season, with its masque balls and frivolity, and
+Faschings Dienstag, when Hauptstrasse was given over to merriment all
+afternoon, every one trailing up and down the middle of the street
+masked, and in fantastic costume, throwing confetti and tooting horns,
+Carl and I tooting with the rest.
+
+As time went on, we came to have one little group of nine students whom
+we were with more than any others. As each of the men took his degree,
+he gave a party to the rest of us to celebrate it, every one trying to
+outdo the other in fun. Besides these most important degree
+celebrations, there were less dazzling affairs, such as birthday
+parties, dinners, or afternoon coffee in honor of visiting German
+parents, or merely meeting together in our favorite cafe after a
+Socialist lecture or a Max Reger concert. In addition to such functions,
+Carl and I had our Wednesday night spree just by ourselves, when every
+week we met after his seminar. Our budget allowed just twelve and a half
+cents an evening for both of us. I put up a supper at home, and in good
+weather we ate down by the river or in some park. When it rained and was
+cold, we sat in a corner of the third-class waiting-room by the stove,
+watching the people coming and going in the station. Then, for dessert,
+we went every Wednesday to Tante's Conditorei, where, for two and a half
+cents apiece, we got a large slice of a special brand of the most divine
+cake ever baked. Then, for two and a half cents, we saw the movies--at a
+reduced rate because we presented a certain number of street-car
+transfers along with the cash, and then had to sit in the first three
+rows. But you see, we used to remark, we have to sit so far away at the
+opera, it's good to get up close at something! Those were real
+movies--no danger of running into a night-long Robert W. Chambers
+scenario. It was in the days before such developments. Then across the
+street was an "Automat," and there, for a cent and a quarter apiece, we
+could hold a glass under a little spigot, press a button, and
+get--refreshments. Then we walked home.
+
+O Heidelberg--I love your every tree, every stone, every blade of grass!
+
+But at last our year came to an end. We left the town in a bower of
+fruit-blossoms, as we had found it. Our dear, most faithful friends,
+the Kecks, gave us a farewell luncheon; and with babies, bundles, and
+baggage, we were off.
+
+Heidelberg was the only spot I ever wept at leaving. I loved it then,
+and I love it now, as I love no other place on earth and Carl felt the
+same way. We were mournful, indeed, as that train pulled out.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII
+
+
+The next two weeks were filled with vicissitudes. The idea was for Carl
+to settle the little family in some rural bit of Germany, while he did
+research work in the industrial section of Essen, and thereabouts,
+coming home week-ends. We stopped off first at Bonn. Carl spent several
+days searching up and down the Rhine and through the Moselle country for
+a place that would do, which meant a place we could afford that was fit
+and suitable for the babies. There was nothing. The report always was:
+pensions all expensive, and automobiles touring by at a mile a minute
+where the children would be playing.
+
+On a wild impulse we moved up to Clive, on the Dutch border. After Carl
+went in search of a pension, it started to drizzle. The boys, baggage,
+and I found the only nearby place of shelter in a stone-cutter's
+inclosure, filled with new and ornate tombstones. What was my
+impecunious horror, when I heard a small crash and discovered that Jim
+had dislocated a loose figure of Christ (unconsciously Cubist in
+execution) from the top of a tombstone! Eight marks charges! the cost of
+sixteen Heidelberg sprees. On his return, Carl reported two pensions,
+one quarantined for diphtheria, one for scarlet fever. We slept over a
+beer-hall, with such a racket going on all night as never was; and next
+morning took the first train out--this time for Duesseldorf.
+
+It is a trifle momentous, traveling with two babies around a country you
+know nothing about, and can find no one to enlighten you. At Duesseldorf
+Carl searched through the town and suburbs for a spot to settle us in,
+getting more and more depressed at the thought of leaving us anywhere.
+That Freiburg summer had seared us both deep, and each of us dreaded
+another separation more than either let the other know. And then, one
+night, after another fruitless search, Carl came home and informed me
+that the whole scheme was off. Instead of doing his research work, we
+would all go to Munich, and he would take an unexpected semester there,
+working with Brentano.
+
+What rejoicings, oh, what rejoicings! As Carl remarked, it may be that
+"He travels fastest who travels alone"; but speed was not the only thing
+he was after. So the next day, babies, bundles, baggage, and parents
+went down the Rhine, almost through Heidelberg, to Munich, with such joy
+and contentment in our hearts as we could not describe. All those days
+of unhappy searchings Carl had been through must have sunk deep, for in
+his last days of fever he would tell me of a form of delirium in which
+he searched again, with a heart of lead, for a place to leave the babies
+and me.
+
+I remember our first night in Munich. We arrived about supper-time,
+hunted up a cheap hotel as usual, near the station, fed the babies, and
+started to prepare for their retirement. This process in hotels was
+always effected by taking out two bureau-drawers and making a bed of
+each. While we were busy over this, the boys were busy over--just busy.
+This time they both crawled up into a large clothes-press that stood in
+our room, when, crash! bang!--there lay the clothes-press, front down,
+on the floor, boys inside it. Such a commotion--hollerings and
+squallings from the internals of the clothes-press, agitated scurryings
+from all directions of the hotel-keeper, his wife, waiters, and
+chambermaids. All together, we managed to stand the clothes-press once
+more against the wall, and to extricate two sobered young ones, the only
+damage being two clothes-press doors banged off their hinges.
+
+Munich is second in my heart to Heidelberg. Carl worked hardest of all
+there, hardly ever going out nights; but we never got over the feeling
+that our being there together was a sort of gift we had made ourselves,
+and we were ever grateful. And then Carl did so remarkably well in the
+University. A report, for instance, which he read before Brentano's
+seminar was published by the University. Our relations' with Brentano
+always stood out as one of the high memories of Germany. After Carl's
+report in Brentano's class, that lovable idol of the German students
+called him to his desk and had a long talk, which ended by his asking us
+both to tea at his house the following day. The excitement of our
+pension over that! We were looked upon as the anointed of the Lord. We
+were really a bit overawed, ourselves. We discussed neckties, and
+brushed and cleaned, and smelled considerably of gasoline as we strutted
+forth, too proud to tell, because we were to have tea with Brentano! I
+can see the street their house was on, their front door; I can feel
+again the little catch in our breaths as we rang the bell. Then the
+charming warmth and color of that Italian home, the charming warmth and
+hospitality of that white-haired professor and his gracious, kindly
+wife. There were just ourselves there; and what a momentous time it was
+to the little Parkers! Carl was simply radiating joy, and in the way he
+always had when especially pleased, would give a sudden beam from ear to
+ear, and a wink at me when no one else was looking.
+
+Not long after that we were invited for dinner, and again for tea, this
+time, according to orders, bringing the sons. They both fell into an
+Italian fountain in the rear garden as soon as we went in for
+refreshments. By my desk now is hanging a photograph we have prized as
+one of our great treasures. Below it is written: "Mrs. and Mr. Parker,
+zur freundlichen Erinnerrung--Lujio Brentano." Professor Bonn, another
+of Carl's professors at the University, and his wife, were kindness
+itself to us. Then there was Peter, dear old Peter, the Austrian student
+at our pension, who took us everywhere, brought us gifts, and adored the
+babies until he almost spoiled them.
+
+From Munich we went direct to England. Vicissitudes again in finding a
+cheap and fit place that would do for children to settle in. After
+ever-hopeful wanderings, we finally stumbled upon Swanage in Dorset.
+That was a love of a place on the English Channel, where we had two
+rooms with the Mebers in their funny little brick house, the "Netto."
+Simple folk they were: Mr. Meber a retired sailor, the wife rather worn
+with constant roomers, one daughter a dressmaker, the other working in
+the "knittin" shop. Charges, six dollars a week for the family, which
+included cooking and serving our meals--we bought the food ourselves.
+
+Here Carl prepared for his Ph.D. examination, and worked on his thesis
+until it got to the point where he needed the British Museum. Then he
+took a room and worked during the week in London, coming down to us
+week-ends. He wrote eager letters, for the time had come when he longed
+to get the preparatory work and examination behind him and begin
+teaching. We had an instructorship at the University of California
+waiting for us, and teaching was to begin in January. In one letter he
+wrote: "I now feel like landing on my exam, like a Bulgarian; I am that
+fierce to lay it out." We felt more than ever, in those days of work
+piling up behind us, that we owned the world; as Carl wrote in another
+letter: "We'll stick this out [this being the separation of his last
+trip to London, whence he was to start for Heidelberg and his
+examination, without another visit with us], for, _Gott sei dank!_ the
+time isn't so fearful, fearful long, it isn't really, is it? Gee! I'm
+glad I married you. And I want more babies and more you, and then the
+whole gang together for about ninety-two years. But life is so fine to
+us and we are getting so much love and big things out of life!"
+
+November 1 Carl left London for Heidelberg. He was to take his
+examination there December 5, so the month of November was a full one
+for him. He stayed with the dear Kecks, Mother Keck pressing and
+mending his clothes, hovering over him as if he were her own son. He
+wrote once: "To-day we had a small leg of venison which I sneaked in
+last night. Every time I note that I burn three quarters of a lampful of
+oil a day among the other things I cost them, it makes me feel like
+buying out a whole Conditorei."
+
+I lived for those daily letters telling of his progress. Once he wrote:
+"Just saw Fleiner [Professor in Law] and he was _fine_, but I must get
+his Volkerrecht cold. It is fine reading, and is mighty good and
+interesting every word, and also stuff which a man ought to know. This
+is the last man to see. From now on, it is only to _study_, and I am
+tickled. I do really like to study." A few days later he wrote: "It is
+just plain sit and absorb these days. Some day I will explain how tough
+it is to learn an entire law subject in five days in a strange tongue."
+
+And then, on the night of December 5, came the telegram of success to
+"Frau Dr. Parker." We both knew he would pass, but neither of us was
+prepared for the verdict of "_Summa cum laude_," the highest
+accomplishment possible. I went up and down the main street of little
+Swanage, announcing the tidings right and left. The community all knew
+that Carl was in Germany to take some kind of an examination, though it
+all seemed rather unexplainable. Yet they rejoiced with me,--the
+butcher, the baker, the candlestick-maker,--without having the least
+idea what they were rejoicing about. Mrs. Meber tore up and down Osborne
+Road to have the fun of telling the immediate neighbors, all of whom
+were utterly at a loss to know what it meant, the truth being that Mrs.
+Meber herself was in that same state. But she had somehow caught my
+excitement, and anything to tell was scarce in Swanage.
+
+So the little family that fared forth from Oakland, California, that
+February 1, for one year at Harvard had ended thus--almost four years
+later a Ph.D. _summa cum laude_ from Heidelberg. Not Persia as we had
+planned it nine years before--a deeper, finer life than anything we had
+dreamed. We asked Professor Miller, after we got back to California, why
+in the world he had said just "one year in Europe."
+
+"If I had said more, I was afraid it would scare you altogether out of
+ever starting; and I knew if you once got over there and were made of
+the right stuff, you'd stay on for a Ph.D."
+
+On December 12 Carl was to deliver one of a series of lectures in Munich
+for the Handelshochschule, his subject being "Die Einwanderungs und
+Siedelungspolitik in Amerika (Carleton Parker, Privatdocent,
+California-Universitaet, St. Francisco)." That very day, however, the
+Prince Regent died, and everything was called off. We had our glory--and
+got our pay. Carl was so tired from his examination, that he did not
+object to foregoing the delivery of a German address before an audience
+of four hundred. It was read two weeks later by one of the professors.
+
+On December 15 we had our reunion and celebration of it all. Carl took
+the Amerika, second class, at Hamburg; the boys and I at Southampton,
+ushered thither from Swanage and put aboard the steamer by our faithful
+Onkel Keck, son of the folk with whom Carl had stayed in Heidelberg, who
+came all the way from London for that purpose. It was not such a brash
+Herr Doktor that we found, after all: the Channel had begun to tell on
+him, as it were, and while it was plain that he loved us, it was also
+plain that he did not love the water. So we gave him his six days off,
+and he lay anguish-eyed in a steamer-chair while I covered fifty-seven
+miles a day, tearing after two sons who were far more filled with
+Wanderlust than they had been three years before. When our dad did feel
+chipper again, he felt very chipper, and our last four days were
+perfect.
+
+We landed in New York on Christmas Eve, in a snowstorm; paid the
+crushing sum of one dollar and seventy-five cents duty,--such a jovial
+agent as inspected our belongings I never beheld; he must already have
+had just the Christmas present he most wanted, whatever it was. When he
+heard that we had been in Heidelberg, he and several other officials
+began a lusty rendering of "Old Heidelberg,"--and within an hour we were
+speeding toward California, a case of certified milk added to our
+already innumerable articles of luggage. Christmas dinner we ate on the
+train. How those American dining-car prices floored us after three years
+of all we could eat for thirty-five cents!
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII
+
+
+We looked back always on our first semester's teaching in the University
+of California as one hectic term. We had lived our own lives, found our
+own joys, for four years, and here we were enveloped by old friends, by
+relatives, by new friends, until we knew not which way to turn. In
+addition, Carl was swamped by campus affairs--by students, many of whom
+seemed to consider him an oasis in a desert of otherwise-to-be-deplored,
+unhuman professors. Every student organization to which he had belonged
+as an undergraduate opened its arms to welcome him as a faculty member;
+we chaperoned student parties till we heard rag-time in our sleep. From
+January 1 to May 16, we had four nights alone together. You can know we
+were desperate. Carl used to say: "We may have to make it Persia yet."
+
+The red-letter event of that term was when, after about two months of
+teaching, President Wheeler rang up one evening about seven,--one of the
+four evenings, as it happened, we were at home together,--and said: "I
+thought I should like the pleasure of telling you personally, though you
+will receive official notice in the morning, that you have been made an
+assistant professor. We expected you to make good, but we did not expect
+you to make good to such a degree quite so soon."
+
+Again an occasion for a spree! We tore out hatless across the campus,
+nearly demolishing the head of the College of Commerce as we rounded the
+Library. He must know the excitement. He was pleased. He slipped his
+hand into his pocket saying, "I must have a hand in this celebration."
+And with a royal gesture, as who should say, "What matter the costs!"
+slipped a dime into Carl's hand. "Spend it all to-night."
+
+Thus we were started on our assistant professorship. But always before
+and always after, to the students Carl was just "Doc."
+
+I remember a story he told of how his chief stopped him one afternoon at
+the north gate to the university, and said he was discouraged and
+distressed. Carl was getting the reputation of being popular with the
+students, and that would never do. "I don't wish to hear more of such
+rumors." Just then the remnants of the internals of a Ford, hung
+together with picture wire and painted white, whizzed around the corner.
+Two slouching, hard-working "studes" caught sight of Carl, reared up the
+car, and called, "Hi, Doc, come on in!" Then they beheld the Head of the
+Department, hastily pressed some lever, and went hurrying on. To the
+Head it was evidence first-hand. He shook his head and went his way.
+
+Carl was popular with the students, and it is true that he was too much
+so. It was not long before he discovered that he was drawing unto
+himself the all-too-lightly-handled "college bum," and he rebelled.
+Harvard and Germany had given him too high an idea of scholarship to
+have even a traditional university patience with the student who, in the
+University of California jargon, was "looking for a meal." He was
+petitioned by twelve students of the College of Agriculture to give a
+course in the Economics of Agriculture, and they guaranteed him
+twenty-five students. One hundred and thirty enrolled, and as Carl
+surveyed the assortment below him, he realized that a good half of them
+did not know and did not want to know a pear tree from a tractor. He
+stiffened his upper lip, stiffened his examinations, and cinched forty
+of the class. There should be some Latin saying that would just fit such
+a case, but I do not know it. It would start, "Exit ----," and the exit
+would refer to the exit of the loafer in large numbers from Carl's
+courses and the exit from the heart of the loafer of the absorbing love
+he had held for Carl. His troubles were largely over. Someone else could
+care for the maimed, the halt, and the blind.
+
+It was about this time, too, that Carl got into difficulties with the
+intrenched powers on the campus. He had what has been referred to as "a
+passion for justice." Daily the injustice of campus organization grew on
+him; he saw democracy held high as an ideal--lip-homage only. Student
+affairs were run by an autocracy which had nothing to justify it except
+its supporters' claim of "efficiency." He had little love for that
+word--it is usually bought at too great a cost. That year, as usual, he
+had a small seminar of carefully picked students. He got them to open
+their eyes to conditions as they were. When they ceased to accept those
+conditions just because they were, they, too, felt the inequality, the
+farce, of a democratic institution run on such autocratic lines. After
+seminar hours the group would foregather at our house to plot as to ways
+and means. The editor of the campus daily saw their point of view--I am
+not sure now that he was not a member of the seminar.
+
+A slow campaign of education followed. Intrenched powers became
+outraged. Fraternities that had invited Carl almost weekly to lunch, now
+"couldn't see him." One or two influential alumnae, who had something to
+gain from the established order, took up the fight. Soon we had a
+"warning" from one of the Regents that Carl's efforts on behalf of
+"democracy" were unwelcome. But within a year the entire organization of
+campus politics was altered, and now there probably is not a student who
+would not feel outraged at the suggestion of a return to the old system.
+
+Perhaps here is where I can dwell for a moment on Carl's particular
+brand of democracy. I see so much of other kinds. He was what I should
+call an utterly unconscious democrat. He never framed in his own mind
+any theory of "the brotherhood of man"--he just lived it, without ever
+thinking of it as something that needed expression in words. I never
+heard him use the term. To him the Individual was everything--by that I
+mean that every relation he had was on a personal basis. He could not go
+into a shop to buy a necktie hurriedly, without passing a word with the
+clerk; when he paid his fare on the street car, there was a moment's
+conversation with the conductor; when we had ice-cream of an evening, he
+asked the waitress what was the best thing on in the movies. When we
+left Oakland for Harvard, the partially toothless maid we had sobbed
+that "Mr. Parker had been more like a brother to her!"
+
+One of the phases of his death which struck home the hardest was the
+concern and sorrow the small tradespeople showed--the cobbler, the
+plumber, the drug-store clerk. You hear men say: "I often find it
+interesting to talk to working-people and get their view-point." Such an
+attitude was absolutely foreign to Carl. He talked to "working-people"
+because he talked to everybody as he went along his joyous way. At a
+track meet or football game, he was on intimate terms with every one
+within a conversational radius. Our wealthy friends would tell us he
+ruined their chauffeurs--they got so that they didn't know their places.
+As likely as not, he would jolt some constrained bank president by
+engaging him in genial conversation without an introduction; at a formal
+dinner he would, as a matter of course, have a word or two with the
+butler when he passed the cracked crab, although at times the butlers
+seemed somewhat pained thereby. Some of Carl's intimate friends were
+occasionally annoyed--"He talks to everybody." He no more could help
+talking to everybody than he could help--liking pumpkin-pie. He was born
+that way. He had one manner for every human being--President of the
+University, students, janitors, society women, cooks, small boys,
+judges. He never had any material thing to hand out,--not even cigars,
+for he did not smoke himself,--but, as one friend expressed it, "he
+radiated generosity."
+
+Heidelberg gives one year after passing the examination to get the
+doctor's thesis in final form for publication. The subject of Carl's
+thesis was "The Labor Policy of the American Trust." His first summer
+vacation after our return to Berkeley, he went on to Wisconsin, chiefly
+to see Commons, and then to Chicago, to study the stockyards at
+first-hand, and the steel industry. He wrote: "Have just seen Commons,
+who was _fine_. He said: 'Send me as soon as possible the outline of
+your thesis and I will pass upon it according to my lights.' . . . He is
+very interested in one of my principal subdivisions, i.e. 'Technique and
+Unionism,' or 'Technique and Labor.' Believes it is a big new
+consideration." Again he wrote: "I have just finished working through a
+book on 'Immigration' by Professor Fairchild of Yale,--437 pages
+published three weeks ago,--lent me by Professor Ross. It is the very
+book I have been looking for and is _superb_. I can't get over how
+stimulating this looking in on a group of University men has been. It in
+itself is worth the trip. I feel sure of my field of work; that I am not
+going off in unfruitful directions; that I am keeping up with the wagon.
+I am now set on finishing my book right away--want it out within a year
+from December." From Chicago he wrote: "Am here with the reek of the
+stockyards in my nose, and just four blocks from them. Here lived, in
+this house, Upton Sinclair when he wrote 'The Jungle.'" And Mary
+McDowell, at the University Settlement where he was staying, told a
+friend of ours since Carl's death about how he came to the table that
+first night and no one paid much attention to him--just some young
+Westerner nosing about. But by the end of the meal he had the whole
+group leaning elbows on the table, listening to everything he had to
+say; and she added, "Every one of us loved him from then on."
+
+He wrote, after visiting Swift's plant, of "seeing illustrations for all
+the lectures on technique I have given, and Gee! it felt good. [I could
+not quote him honestly and leave out his "gees"] to actually look at
+things being done the way one has orated about 'em being done. The thing
+for me to do here is to see, and see the things I'm going to write into
+my thesis. I want to spend a week, if I can, digging into the steel
+industry. With my fine information about the ore [he had just acquired
+that], I am anxious to fill out my knowledge of the operation of
+smelting and making steel. Then I can orate industrial dope." Later:
+"This morning I called on the Vice-President of the Illinois Steel
+Company, on the Treasurer of Armour & Co., and lunched with Mr. Crane of
+Crane Co.--Ahem!"
+
+The time we had when it came to the actual printing of the thesis! It
+had to be finished by a certain day, in order to make a certain steamer,
+to reach Heidelberg when promised. I got in a corner of a
+printing-office and read proof just as fast as it came off the press,
+while Carl worked at home, under you can guess what pressure, to
+complete his manuscript--tearing down with new batches for me to get in
+shape for the type-setter, and then racing home to do more writing. We
+finished the thesis about one o'clock one morning, proof-reading and
+all; and the next day--or that same day, later--war was declared. Which
+meant just this--that the University of Heidelberg sent word that it
+would not be safe for Carl to send over his thesis,--there were about
+three or four hundred copies to go, according to German University
+regulations,--until the situation had quieted down somewhat. The result
+was that those three Or four hundred copies lay stacked up in the
+printing-office for three or four years, until at last Carl decided it
+was not a very good thesis anyway, and he didn't want any one to see it,
+and he would write another brand-new one when peace was declared and it
+could get safely to its destination. So he told the printer-man to do
+away with the whole batch. This meant that we were out about a hundred
+and fifty dollars, oh, luckless thought!--a small fortune to the young
+Parkers. So though in a way the thesis as it stands was not meant for
+publication, I shall risk quoting from Part One, "The Problem," so that
+at least his general approach can be gathered. Remember, the title was
+"The Labor Policy of the American Trust."
+
+"When the most astute critic of American labor conditions has said,
+'While immigration continues in great volume, class lines will be
+forming and reforming, weak and instable. To prohibit or greatly
+restrict immigration would bring forth class conflict within a
+generation,' what does it mean?
+
+"President Woodrow Wilson in a statement of his fundamental beliefs has
+said: 'Why are we in the presence, why are we at the threshold, of a
+revolution? . . . Don't you know that some man with eloquent tongue,
+without conscience, who did not care for the nation, could put this
+whole country into a flame? Don't you know that this country, from one
+end to the other, believes that something is wrong? What an opportunity
+it would be for some man without conscience to spring up and say: "This
+is the way; follow me"--and lead in paths of destruction!' What does it
+mean?
+
+"The problem of the social unrest must seek for its source in all three
+classes of society! Two classes are employer and employee, the third is
+the great middle class, looking on. What is the relationship between the
+dominating employing figure in American industrial life and the men who
+work?
+
+"A nation-wide antagonism to trade-unions, to the idea of collective
+bargaining between men and employer, cannot spring from a temperamental
+aversion of a mere individual, however powerful, be he Carnegie, Parry,
+or Post, or from the common opinion in a group such as the so-called
+Beef Trust, or the directorate of the United States Steel Corporation.
+Such a hostility, characterizing as it does one of the vitally important
+relationships in industrial production, must seek its reason-to-be in
+economic causes. Profits, market, financing, are placed in certain
+jeopardy by such a labor policy, and this risk is not continued,
+generation after generation, as a casual indulgence in temper. Deep
+below the strong charges against the unions of narrow self-interest and
+un-American limitation of output, dressed by the Citizens' Alliance in
+the language of the Declaration of Independence, lies a quiet economic
+reason for the hostility. Just as slavery was about to go because it did
+not pay, and America stopped building a merchant marine because it was
+cheaper to hire England to transport American goods, so the American
+Trust, as soon as it had power, abolished the American trade-union
+because it found it costly. What then are these economic causes which
+account for the hostility?
+
+"What did the union stand in the way of? What conditions did the trust
+desire to establish with which the union would interfere? Or did a labor
+condition arise which allowed the employer to wreck the union with such
+ease, that he turned aside for a moment to do it, to commit an act
+desirable only if its performance cost little danger or money?
+
+"The answer can be found only after an analysis of certain factors in
+industrial production. These are three:--
+
+"(_a_) The control of industrial production. Not only, in whose hands
+has industrial capitalism for the moment fallen, but in what direction
+does the evolution of control tend?
+
+"(_b_) The technique of industrial production. Technique, at times,
+instead of being a servant, determines by its own characteristics the
+character of the labor and the geographical location of the industry,
+and even destroys the danger of competition, if the machinery demanded
+by it asks for a bigger capital investment than a raiding competitor
+will risk.
+
+"(_c_) The labor market. The labor market can be stationary as in
+England, can diminish as in Ireland, or increase as in New England.
+
+"If the character of these three factors be studied, trust hostility to
+American labor-unions can be explained in terms of economic measure. One
+national characteristic, however, must be taken for granted. That is the
+commercialized business morality which guides American economic life.
+The responsibility for the moral or social effect of an act is so rarely
+a consideration in a decision, that it can be here neglected without
+error. It is not a factor."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+At the close of his investigation, he took his first vacation in five
+years--a canoe-trip up the Brule with Hal Bradley. That was one of our
+dreams that could never come true--a canoe-trip together. We almost
+bought the canoe at the Exposition--we looked holes through the one we
+wanted. Our trip was planned to the remotest detail. We never did come
+into our own in the matter of our vacations, although no two people
+could have more fun in the woods than we. But the combination of small
+children and no money and new babies and work--We figured that in three
+more years we could be sure of at least one wonderful trip a year.
+Anyway, we had the joy of our plannings.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX
+
+
+The second term in California had just got well under way when Carl was
+offered the position of Executive Secretary in the State Immigration and
+Housing Commission of California. I remember so well the night he came
+home about midnight and told me. I am afraid the financial end would
+have determined us, even if the work itself had small appeal--which,
+however, was not the case. The salary offered was $4000. We were getting
+$1500 at the University. We were $2000 in debt from our European trip,
+and saw no earthly chance of ever paying it out of our University
+salary. We figured that we could be square with the world in one year on
+a $4000 salary, and then need never be swayed by financial
+considerations again. So Carl accepted the new job. It was the wise
+thing to do anyway, as matters turned out. It threw him into direct
+contact for the first time with the migratory laborer and the I.W.W. It
+gave him his first bent in the direction of labor-psychology, which was
+to become his intellectual passion, and he was fired with a zeal that
+never left him, to see that there should be less unhappiness and
+inequality in the world.
+
+The concrete result of Carl's work with the Immigration Commission was
+the clean-up of labor camps all over California. From unsanitary,
+fly-ridden, dirty makeshifts were developed ordered sanitary housing
+accommodations, designed and executed by experts in their fields. Also
+he awakened, through countless talks up and down the State, some
+understanding of the I.W.W. and his problem; although, judging from the
+newspapers nowadays, his work would seem to have been almost forgotten.
+As the phrase went, "Carleton Parker put the migratory on the map."
+
+I think of the Wheatland Hop-Fields riot, or the Ford and Suhr case,
+which Carl was appointed to investigate for the Federal government, as
+the dramatic incident which focused his attention on the need of a
+deeper approach to a sound understanding of labor and its problems, and
+which, in turn, justified Mr. Bruere in stating in the "New Republic":
+"Parker was the first of our Economists, not only to analyse the
+psychology of labor and especially of casual labor, but also to make his
+analysis the basis for an applied technique of industrial and social
+reconstruction." Also, that was the occasion of his concrete
+introduction to the I.W.W. He wrote an account of it, later, for the
+"Survey," and an article on "The California Casual and His Revolt" for
+the "Quarterly Journal of Economics," in November, 1915.
+
+It is all interesting enough, I feel, to warrant going into some detail.
+
+The setting of the riot is best given in the article above referred to,
+"The California Casual and His Revolt."
+
+"The story of the Wheatland hop-pickers' riot is as simple as the facts
+of it are new and naive in strike histories. Twenty-eight hundred
+pickers were camped on a treeless hill which was part of the ---- ranch,
+the largest single employer of agricultural labor in the state. Some
+were in tents, some in topless squares of sacking, or with piles of
+straw. There was no organization for sanitation, no garbage-disposal.
+The temperature during the week of the riot had remained near 105 deg., and
+though the wells were a mile from where the men, women, and children
+were picking, and their bags could not be left for fear of theft of the
+hops, no water was sent into the fields. A lemonade wagon appeared at
+the end of the week, later found to be a concession granted to a cousin
+of the ranch owner. Local Wheatland stores were forbidden to send
+delivery wagons to the camp grounds. It developed in the state
+investigation that the owner of the ranch received half of the net
+profits earned by an alleged independent grocery store, which had been
+granted the 'grocery concession' and was located in the centre of the
+camp ground. . . .
+
+"The pickers began coming to Wheatland on Tuesday, and by Sunday the
+irritation over the wage-scale, the absence of water in the fields, plus
+the persistent heat and the increasing indignity of the camp, had
+resulted in mass meetings, violent talk, and a general strike.
+
+"The ranch owner, a nervous man, was harassed by the rush of work
+brought on by the too rapidly ripening hops, and indignant at the jeers
+and catcalls which greeted his appearance near the meetings of the
+pickers. Confused with a crisis outside his slender social philosophy,
+he acted true to his tradition, and perhaps his type, and called on a
+sheriff's posse. What industrial relationship had existed was too
+insecure to stand such a procedure. It disappeared entirely, leaving in
+control the instincts and vagaries of a mob on the one hand, and great
+apprehension and inexperience on the other.
+
+"As if a stage had been set, the posse arrived in automobiles at the
+instant when the officially 'wanted' strike-leader was addressing a mass
+meeting of excited men, women, and children. After a short and typical
+period of skirmishing and the minor and major events of arresting a
+person under such circumstances, a member of the posse standing outside
+fired a double-barreled shot-gun over the heads of the crowd, 'to sober
+them,' as he explained it. Four men were killed--two of the posse and
+two strikers; the posse fled in their automobiles to the county seat,
+and all that night the roads out of Wheatland were filled with pickers
+leaving the camp. Eight months later, two hop-pickers, proved to be the
+leaders of the strike and its agitation, were convicted of murder in the
+first degree and sentenced to life imprisonment. Their appeal for a new
+trial was denied."
+
+In his report to the Governor, written in 1914, Carl characterized the
+case as follows:--
+
+"The occurrence known as the Wheatland Hop-Fields riot took place on
+Sunday afternoon, August 3, 1913. Growing discontent among the
+hop-pickers over wages, neglected camp-sanitation and absence of water
+in the fields had resulted in spasmodic meetings of protest on Saturday
+and Sunday morning, and finally by Sunday noon in a more or less
+involuntary strike. At five o'clock on Sunday about one thousand
+pickers gathered about a dance pavilion to listen to speakers. Two
+automobiles carrying a sheriff's posse drove up to this meeting, and
+officials armed with guns and revolvers attempted to disperse the crowd
+and to arrest, on a John Doe warrant, Richard Ford, the apparent leader
+of the strike. In the ensuing confusion shooting began and some twenty
+shots were fired. Two pickers, a deputy sheriff, and the district
+attorney of the county were killed. The posse fled and the camp remained
+unpoliced until the State Militia arrived at dawn next morning.
+
+"The occurrence has grown from a casual, though bloody, event in
+California labor history into such a focus for discussion and analysis
+of the State's great migratory labor-problem that the incident can well
+be said to begin, for the commonwealth, a new and momentous labor epoch.
+
+"The problem of vagrancy; that of the unemployed and the unemployable;
+the vexing conflict between the right of agitation and free speech and
+the law relating to criminal conspiracy; the housing and wages of
+agricultural laborers; the efficiency and sense of responsibility found
+in a posse of country deputies; the temper of the country people faced
+with the confusion and rioting of a labor outbreak; all these problems
+have found a starting point for their new and vigorous analysis in the
+Wheatland riot.
+
+In the same report, submitted a year before the "Quarterly Journal"
+article, and almost a year before his study of psychology began, Carl
+wrote:--
+
+"The manager and part-owner of the ranch is an example of a certain type
+of California employer. The refusal of this type to meet the social
+responsibilities which come with the hiring of human beings for labor,
+not only works concrete and cruelly unnecessary misery upon a class
+little able to combat personal indignity and degradation, but adds fuel
+to the fire of resentment and unrest which is beginning to burn in the
+uncared-for migratory worker in California. That ---- could refuse his
+clear duty of real trusteeship of a camp on his own ranch, which
+contained hundreds of women and children, is a social fact of miserable
+import. The excuses we have heard of unpreparedness, of alleged
+ignorance of conditions, are shamed by the proven human suffering and
+humiliation repeated each day of the week, from Wednesday to Sunday.
+Even where the employer's innate sense of moral obligation fails to
+point out his duty, he should have realized the insanity of stimulating
+unrest and bitterness in this inflammable labor force. The riot on the
+---- ranch is a California contribution to the literature of the social
+unrest in America."
+
+As to the "Legal and Economic Aspects" of the case, again quoting from
+the report to the Governor:--
+
+"The position taken by the defense and their sympathizers in the course
+of the trial has not only an economic and social bearing, but many
+arguments made before the court are distinct efforts to introduce
+sociological modifications of the law which will have a far-reaching
+effect on the industrial relations of capital and labor. It is asserted
+that the common law, on which American jurisprudence is founded, is
+known as an ever-developing law, which must adapt itself to changing
+economic and social conditions; and, in this connection, it is claimed
+that the established theories of legal causation must be enlarged to
+include economic and social factors in the chain of causes leading to a
+result. Concretely, it is argued:--
+
+"First, That, when unsanitary conditions lead to discontent so intense
+that the crowd can be incited to bloodshed, those responsible for the
+unsanitary conditions are to be held legally responsible for the
+bloodshed, as well as the actual inciters of the riot.
+
+"Second, That, if the law will not reach out so far as to hold the
+creator of unsanitary, unlivable conditions guilty of bloodshed, at any
+rate such conditions excuse the inciters from liability, because
+inciters are the involuntary transmitting agents of an uncontrollable
+force set in motion by those who created the unlivable conditions. . . .
+
+"Furthermore, on the legal side, modifications of the law of property
+are urged. It is argued that modern law no longer holds the rights of
+private property sacred, that these rights are being constantly
+regulated and limited, and that in the Wheatland case the owner's
+traditional rights in relation to his own lands are to be held subject
+to the right of the laborers to organize thereon. It is urged that a
+worker on land has a 'property right in his job,' and that he cannot be
+made to leave the job, or the land, merely because he is trying to
+organize his fellow workers to make a protest as to living and economic
+conditions. It is urged that the organizing worker cannot be made to
+leave the job because the job is _his_ property and it is all that he
+has."
+
+As to "The Remedy":--
+
+"It is obvious that the violent strike methods adopted by the I.W.W.
+type agitators, which only incidentally, although effectively, tend to
+improve camp conditions, are not to be accepted as a solution of the
+problem. It is also obvious that the conviction of the agitators, such
+as Ford and Suhr, of murder, is not a solution, but is only the
+punishment or revenge inflicted by organized society for a past deed.
+The Remedy lies in prevention.
+
+"It is the opinion of your investigator that the improvement of living
+conditions in the labor camps will have the immediate effect of making
+the recurrence of impassioned, violent strikes and riots not only
+improbable, but impossible; and furthermore, such improvement will go
+far towards eradicating the hatred and bitterness in the minds of the
+employers and in the minds of the roving, migratory laborers. This
+accomplished, the two conflicting parties will be in a position to meet
+on a saner, more constructive basis, in solving the further industrial
+problems arising between them. . . .
+
+"They must come to realize that their own laxity in allowing the
+existence of unsanitary and filthy conditions gives a much-desired
+foothold to the very agitators of the revolutionary I.W.W. doctrines
+whom they so dread; they must learn that unbearable, aggravating living
+conditions inoculate the minds of the otherwise peaceful workers with
+the germs of bitterness and violence, as so well exemplified at the
+Wheatland riot, giving the agitators a fruitful field wherein to sow the
+seeds of revolt and preach the doctrine of direct action and sabotage.
+
+"On the other hand, the migratory laborers must be shown that revolts
+accompanied by force in scattered and isolated localities not only
+involve serious breaches of law and lead to crime, but that they
+accomplish no lasting constructive results in advancing their cause.
+
+"The Commission intends to furnish a clearinghouse to hear complaints of
+grievances, of both sides, and act as a mediator or safety-valve."
+
+In the report to the Governor appear Carl's first writings on the I.W.W.
+
+"Of this entire labor force at the ---- ranch, it appears that some 100
+had been I.W.W. 'card men,' or had had affiliations with that
+organization. There is evidence that there was in this camp a loosely
+caught together camp local of the I.W.W., with about 30 active members.
+It is suggestive that these 30 men, through a spasmodic action, and with
+the aid of the deplorable camp conditions, dominated a heterogeneous
+mass of 2800 unskilled laborers in 3 days. Some 700 or 800 of the
+force were of the 'hobo' class, in every sense potential I.W.W.
+strikers. At least 400 knew in a rough way the--for them curiously
+attractive--philosophy of the I.W.W., and could also sing some of its
+songs.
+
+"Of the 100-odd 'card men' of the I.W.W., some had been through the San
+Diego affair, some had been soap-boxers in Fresno, a dozen had been in
+the Free Speech fight in Spokane. They sized up the hop-field as a ripe
+opportunity, as the principal defendant, 'Blackie' Ford, puts it, 'to
+start something.' On Friday, two days after picking began, the practical
+agitators began working through the camp. Whether or not Ford came to
+the ---- ranch to foment trouble seems immaterial. There are five Fords
+in every camp of seasonal laborers in California. We have devoted
+ourselves in these weeks to such questions as this: 'How big a per cent
+of California's migratory seasonal labor force know the technique of an
+I.W.W. strike?' 'How many of the migratory laborers know when conditions
+are ripe to "start something"?' We are convinced that among the
+individuals of every fruit-farm labor group are many potential strikers.
+Where a group of hoboes sit around a fire under a railroad bridge, many
+of the group can sing I.W.W. songs without the book. This was not so
+three years ago. The I.W.W. in California is not a closely organized
+body, with a steady membership. The rank and file know little of the
+technical organization of industrial life which their written
+constitution demands. They listen eagerly to the appeal for the
+'solidarity' of their class. In the dignifying of vagabondage through
+their crude but virile song and verse, in the bitter vilification of the
+jail turnkey and county sheriff, in their condemnation of the church and
+its formal social work, they find the vindication of their hobo status
+which they desire. They cannot sustain a live organization unless they
+have a strike or free-speech fight to stimulate their spirit. It is in
+their methods of warfare, not in their abstract philosophy or even
+hatred of law and judges, that danger lies for organized society. Since
+every one of the 5000 laborers in California who have been at some time
+connected with the I.W.W. considers himself a 'camp delegate' with
+walking papers to organize a camp local, this small army is watching, as
+Ford did, for an unsanitary camp or low wage-scale, to start the strike
+which will not only create a new I.W.W. local, but bring fame to the
+organizer. This common acceptance of direct action and sabotage as the
+rule of operation, the songs and the common vocabulary are, we feel
+convinced, the first stirring of a class expression.
+
+"Class solidarity they have not. That may never come, for the migratory
+laborer has neither the force nor the vision nor tenacity to hold long
+enough to the ideal to attain it. But the I.W.W. is teaching a method of
+action which will give this class in violent flare-ups, such as that at
+Wheatland, expression.
+
+"The dying away of the organization after the outburst is, therefore, to
+be expected. Their social condition is a miserable one. Their work, even
+at the best, must be irregular. They have nothing to lose in a strike,
+and, as a leader put it, 'A riot and a chance to blackguard a jailer is
+about the only intellectual fun we have.'
+
+"Taking into consideration the misery and physical privation and the
+barren outlook of this life of the seasonal worker, the I.W.W. movement,
+with all its irresponsible motive and unlawful action, becomes in
+reality a class-protest, and the dignity which this characteristic gives
+it perhaps alone explains the persistence of the organization in the
+field.
+
+"Those attending the protest mass-meeting of the Wheatland hop-pickers
+were singing the I.W.W. song 'Mr. Block,' when the sheriff's posse came
+up in its automobiles. The crowd had been harangued by an experienced
+I.W.W. orator--'Blackie' Ford. They had been told, according to
+evidence, to 'knock the blocks off the scissor-bills.' Ford had taken a
+sick baby from its mother's arms and, holding it before the eyes of the
+1500 people, had cried out: 'It's for the life of the kids we're doing
+this.' Not a quarter of the crowd was of a type normally venturesome
+enough to strike, and yet, when the sheriff went after Ford, he was
+knocked down and kicked senseless by infuriated men. In the bloody riot
+which then ensued, District Attorney Manwell, Deputy Sheriff Riordan, a
+negro Porto Rican and the English boy were shot and killed. Many were
+wounded. The posse literally fled, and the camp remained practically
+unpoliced until the State Militia arrived at dawn the next day.
+
+"The question of social responsibility is one of the deepest
+significance. The posse was, I am convinced, over-nervous and,
+unfortunately, over-rigorous. This can be explained in part by the
+state-wide apprehension over the I.W.W.; in part by the normal
+California country posse's attitude toward a labor trouble. A deputy
+sheriff, at the most critical moment, fired a shot in the air, as he
+stated, 'to sober the crowd.' There were armed men in the crowd, for
+every crowd of 2000 casual laborers includes a score of gunmen. Evidence
+goes to show that even the gentler mountainfolk in the crowd had been
+aroused to a sense of personal injury. ----'s automobile had brought
+part of the posse. Numberless pickers cling to the belief that the posse
+was '----'s police.' When Deputy Sheriff Dakin shot into the air, a
+fusillade took place; and when he had fired his last shell, an
+infuriated crowd of men and women chased him to the ranch store, where
+he was forced to barricade himself. The crowd was dangerous and struck
+the first blow. The murderous temper which turned the crowd into a mob
+is incompatible with social existence, let alone social progress. The
+crowd at the moment of the shooting was a wild and lawless animal. But
+to your investigator the important subject to analyze is not the guilt
+or innocence of Ford or Suhr, as the direct stimulators of the mob in
+action, but to name and standardize the early and equally important
+contributors to a psychological situation which resulted in an unlawful
+killing. If this is done, how can we omit either the filth of the
+hop-ranch, the cheap gun-talk of the ordinary deputy sheriff, or the
+unbridled, irresponsible speech of the soap-box orator?
+
+"Without doubt the propaganda which the I.W.W. had actually adopted for
+the California seasonal worker can be, in its fairly normal working out
+in law, a criminal conspiracy, and under that charge, Ford and Suhr have
+been found guilty of the Wheatland murder. But the important fact is,
+that this propaganda will be carried out, whether unlawful or not. We
+have talked hours with the I.W.W. leaders, and they are absolutely
+conscious of their position in the eyes of the law. Their only comment
+is that they are glad, if it must be a conspiracy, that it is a criminal
+conspiracy. They have volunteered the beginning of a cure; it is to
+clean up the housing and wage problem of the seasonal worker. The
+shrewdest I.W.W. leader we found said: 'We can't agitate in the country
+unless things are rotten enough to bring the crowd along.' They
+evidently were in Wheatland."
+
+He was high ace with the Wobbly for a while. They invited him to their
+Jungles, they carved him presents in jail. I remember a talk he gave on
+some phase of the California labor-problem one Sunday night, at the
+Congregational church in Oakland. The last three rows were filled with
+unshaven hoboes, who filed up afterwards, to the evident distress of the
+clean regular church-goers, to clasp his hand. They withdrew their
+allegiance after a time, which naturally in no way phased Carl's
+scientific interest in them. A paper hostile to Carl's attitude on the
+I.W.W. and his insistence on the clean-up of camps published an article
+portraying him as a double-faced individual who feigned an interest in
+the under-dog really to undo him, as he was at heart and pocket-book a
+capitalist, being the possessor of an independent income of $150,000 a
+year. Some I.W.W.'s took this up, and convinced a large meeting that he
+was really trying to sell them out. It is not only the rich who are
+fickle. Some of them remained his firm friends always, however. That
+summer two of his students hoboed it till they came down with malaria,
+in the meantime turning in a fund of invaluable facts regarding the
+migratory and his life.
+
+A year later, in his article in the "Quarterly Journal," and, be it
+remembered, after his study of psychology had begun, Carl wrote:--
+
+"There is here, beyond a doubt, a great laboring population experiencing
+a high suppression of normal instincts and traditions. There can be no
+greater perversion of a desirable existence than this insecure,
+under-nourished, wandering life, with its sordid sex-expression and
+reckless and rare pleasures. Such a life leads to one of two
+consequences: either a sinking of the class to a low and hopeless level,
+where they become, through irresponsible conduct and economic
+inefficiency, a charge upon society; or revolt and guerrilla labor
+warfare.
+
+"The migratory laborers, as a class, are the finished product of an
+environment which seems cruelly efficient in turning out beings moulded
+after all the standards society abhors. Fortunately the psychologists
+have made it unnecessary to explain that there is nothing willful or
+personally reprehensible in the vagrancy of these vagrants. Their
+histories show that, starting with the long hours and dreary winters of
+the farms they ran away from, through their character-debasing
+experience with irregular industrial labor, on to the vicious economic
+life of the winter unemployed, their training predetermined but one
+outcome. Nurture has triumphed over nature; the environment has
+produced its type. Difficult though the organization of these people may
+be, a coincidence of favoring conditions may place an opportunity in the
+hands of a super-leader. If this comes, one can be sure that California
+will be both very astonished and very misused."
+
+I was told only recently of a Belgian economics professor, out here in
+California during the war, on official business connected with aviation.
+He asked at once to see Carl, but was told we had moved to Seattle. "My
+colleagues in Belgium asked me to be sure and see Professor Parker," he
+said, "as we consider him the one man in America who understands the
+problem of the migratory laborer."
+
+That winter Carl got the city of San Jose to stand behind a model
+unemployed lodging-house, one of the two students who had "hoboed"
+during the summer taking charge of it. The unemployed problem, as he ran
+into it at every turn, stirred Carl to his depths. At one time he felt
+it so strongly that he wanted to start a lodging-house in Berkeley,
+himself, just to be helping out somehow, even though it would be only
+surface help.
+
+It was also about this time that California was treated to the spectacle
+of an Unemployed Army, which was driven from pillar to post,--or, in
+this case, from town to town,--each trying to outdo the last in
+protestations of unhospitality. Finally, in Sacramento the fire-hoses
+were turned on the army. At that Carl flamed with indignation, and
+expressed himself in no mincing terms, both to the public and to the
+reporter who sought his views. He was no hand to keep clippings, but I
+did come across one of his milder interviews in the San Francisco
+"Bulletin" of March 11, 1914.
+
+"That California's method of handling the unemployed problem is in
+accord with the 'careless, cruel and unscientific attitude of society on
+the labor question,' is the statement made to-day by Professor Carleton
+H. Parker, Assistant Professor of Industrial economy, and secretary of
+the State Immigration Committee.
+
+"'There are two ways of looking at this winter's unemployed problem,'
+said Dr. Parker; 'one is fatally bad and the other promises good. One
+way is shallow and biased; the other strives to use the simple rules of
+science for the analysis of any problem. One way is to damn the army of
+the unemployed and the irresponsible, irritating vagrants who will not
+work. The other way is to admit that any such social phenomenon as this
+army is just as normal a product of our social organization as our own
+university.
+
+"'Much street-car and ferry analysis of this problem that I have
+overheard seems to believe that this army created its own degraded self,
+that a vagrant is a vagrant from personal desire and perversion. This
+analysis is as shallow as it is untrue. If unemployment and vagrancy are
+the product of our careless, indifferent society over the half-century,
+then its cure will come only by a half-century's careful regretful
+social labor by this same tardy society.
+
+"'The riot at Sacramento is merely the appearance of the problem from
+the back streets into the strong light. The handling of the problem
+there is unhappily in accord with the careless, cruel attitude of
+society on this question. We are willing to respect the anxiety of
+Sacramento, threatened in the night with this irresponsible, reckless
+invasion; but how can the city demand of vagrants observance of the law,
+when they drop into mob-assertion the minute the problem comes up to
+them?'"
+
+The illustration he always used to express his opinion of the average
+solution of unemployment, I quote from a paper of his on that subject,
+written in the spring of 1915.
+
+"There is an old test for insanity which is made as follows: the suspect
+is given a cup, and is told to empty a bucket into which water is
+running from a faucet. If the suspect turns off the water before he
+begins to bail out the bucket, he is sane. Nearly all the current
+solutions of unemployment leave the faucet running. . . .
+
+"The heart of the problem, the cause, one might well say, of
+unemployment, is that the employment of men regularly or irregularly is
+at no time an important consideration of those minds which control
+industry. Social organization has ordered it that these minds shall be
+interested only in achieving a reasonable profit in the manufacture and
+the sale of goods. Society has never demanded that industries be run
+even in part to give men employment. Rewards are not held out for such a
+policy, and therefore it is unreasonable to expect such a performance.
+Though a favorite popular belief is that we must 'work to live,' we
+have no current adage of a 'right to work.' This winter there are
+shoeless men and women, closed shoe-factories, and destitute shoemakers;
+children in New England with no woolen clothing, half-time woolen mills,
+and unemployed spinners and weavers. Why? Simply because the mills
+cannot turn out the reasonable business profit; and since that is the
+only promise that can galvanize them into activity, they stand idle, no
+matter how much humanity finds of misery and death in this decision.
+This statement is not a peroration to a declaration for Socialism. It
+seems a fair rendering of the matter-of-fact logic of the analysis.
+
+"It seems hopeless, and also unfair, to expect out-of-work insurance,
+employment bureaus, or philanthropy, to counteract the controlling force
+of profit-seeking. There is every reason to believe that profit-seeking
+has been a tremendous stimulus to economic activity in the past. It is
+doubtful if the present great accumulation of capital would have come
+into existence without it. But to-day it seems as it were to be caught
+up by its own social consequences. It is hard to escape from the
+insistence of a situation in which the money a workman makes in a year
+fails to cover the upkeep of his family; and this impairment of the
+father's income through unemployment has largely to be met by child-and
+woman-labor. The Federal Immigration Commission's report shows that in
+not a single great American industry can the average yearly income of
+the father keep his family. Seven hundred and fifty dollars is the bare
+minimum for the maintenance of the average-sized American industrial
+family. The average yearly earnings of the heads of families working in
+the United States in the iron and steel industry is $409; in bituminous
+coal-mining $451; in the woolen industry $400; in silk $448; in cotton
+$470; in clothing $530; in boots and shoes $573; in leather $511; in
+sugar-refining $549; in the meat industry $578; in furniture $598, etc.
+
+"He who decries created work, municipal lodging-houses, bread-lines, or
+even sentimental charity, in the face of the winter's destitution, has
+an unsocial soul. The most despicable thing to-day is the whine of our
+cities lest their inadequate catering to their own homeless draw a few
+vagrants from afar. But when the agony of our winter makeshifting is by,
+will a sufficient minority of our citizens rise and demand that the best
+technical, economic, and sociological brains in our wealthy nation
+devote themselves with all courage and honesty to the problem of
+unemployment?"
+
+Carl was no diplomat, in any sense of the word--above all, no political
+diplomat. It is a wonder that the Immigration and Housing Commission
+stood behind him as long as it did. He grew rabid at every political
+appointment which, in his eyes, hampered his work. It was evident, so
+they felt, that he was not tactful in his relations with various members
+of the Commission. It all galled him terribly, and after much
+consultation at home, he handed in his resignation. During the first
+term of his secretaryship, from October to December, he carried his
+full-time University work. From January to May he had a seminar only,
+as I remember. From August on he gave no University work at all; so,
+after asking to have his resignation from the Commission take effect at
+once, he had at once to find something to do to support his family.
+
+This was in October, 1914, after just one year as Executive Secretary.
+We were over in Contra Costa County then, on a little ranch of my
+father's. Berkeley socially had come to be too much of a strain, and,
+too, we wanted the blessed sons to have a real country experience. Ten
+months we were there. Three days after Carl resigned, he was on his way
+to Phoenix, Arizona,--where there was a threatened union tie-up,--as
+United States Government investigator of the labor situation. He added
+thereby to his first-hand stock of labor-knowledge, made a firm friend
+of Governor Hunt,--he was especially interested in his prison
+policy,--and in those few weeks was the richer by one more of the really
+intimate friendships one counts on to the last--Will Scarlett.
+
+He wrote, on Carl's death, "What a horrible, hideous loss! Any of us
+could so easily have been spared; that he, who was of such value, had to
+go seems such an utter waste. . . . He was one of that very, very small
+circle of men, whom, in the course of our lives, we come _really_ to
+love. His friendship meant so much--though I heard but infrequently from
+him, there was the satisfaction of a deep friendship that was _always
+there_ and _always the same_. He would have gone so far! I have looked
+forward to a great career for him, and had such pride in him. It's too
+hideous!"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X
+
+
+In January, 1915, Carl took up his teaching again in real earnest,
+commuting to Alamo every night. I would have the boys in bed and the
+little supper all ready by the fire; then I would prowl down the road
+with my electric torch, to meet him coming home; he would signal in the
+distance with his torch, and I with mine. Then the walk back together,
+sometimes ankle-deep in mud; then supper, making the toast over the
+coals, and an evening absolutely to ourselves. And never in all our
+lives did we ask for more joy than that.
+
+That spring we began building our very own home in Berkeley. The months
+in Alamo had made us feel that we could never bear to be in the centre
+of things again, nor, for that matter, could we afford a lot in the
+centre of things; so we bought high up on the Berkeley hills, where we
+could realize as much privacy as was possible, and yet where our friends
+could reach us--if they could stand the climb. The love of a nest we
+built! We were longer in that house than anywhere else: two years almost
+to the day--two years of such happiness as no other home has ever seen.
+There, around the redwood table in the living-room, by the window
+overlooking the Golden Gate, we had the suppers that meant much joy to
+us and I hope to the friends we gathered around us. There, on the
+porches overhanging the very Canyon itself we had our Sunday
+tea-parties. (Each time Carl would plead, "I don't have to wear a stiff
+collar, do I?" and he knew that I would answer, "You wear anything you
+want," which usually meant a blue soft shirt.)
+
+We had a little swimming-tank in back, for the boys.
+
+And then, most wonderful of all, came the day when the June-Bug was
+born, the daughter who was to be the very light of her adoring father's
+eyes. (Her real name is Alice Lee.) "Mother, there never really _was_
+such a baby, _was_ there?" he would ask ten times a day. She was not
+born up on the hill; but in ten days we were back from the hospital and
+out day and night through that glorious July, on some one of the porches
+overlooking the bay and the hills. And we added our adored Nurse Balch
+as a friend of the family forever.
+
+I always think of Nurse Balch as the person who more than any other,
+perhaps, understood to some degree just what happiness filled our lives
+day in and day out. No one assumes anything before a trained nurse--they
+are around too constantly for that. They see the misery in homes, they
+see what joy there is. And Nurse Balch saw, because she was around
+practically all the time for six weeks, that there was nothing but joy
+every minute of the day in our home. I do not know how I can make people
+understand, who are used to just ordinary happiness, what sort of a life
+Carl and I led. It was not just that we got along. It was an active, not
+a passive state. There was never a home-coming, say at lunch-time, that
+did not seem an event--when our curve of happiness abruptly rose. Meals
+were joyous occasions always; perhaps too scant attention paid to the
+manners of the young, but much gurglings, and "Tell some more, daddy,"
+and always detailed accounts of every little happening during the last
+few hours of separation.
+
+Then there was ever the difficulty of good-byes, though it meant only
+for a few hours, until supper. And at supper-time he would come up the
+front stairs, I waiting for him at the top, perhaps limping. That was
+his little joke--we had many little family jokes. Limping meant that I
+was to look in every pocket until I unearthed a bag of peanut candy.
+Usually he was laden with bundles--provisions, shoes from the cobbler, a
+tennis-racket restrung, and an armful of books. After greetings, always
+the question, "How's my June-Bug?" and a family procession upstairs to
+peer over a crib at a fat gurgler. And "Mother, there never really _was_
+such a baby, _was_ there?" No, nor such a father.
+
+It was that first summer back in Berkeley, the year before the June-Bug
+was born, when Carl was teaching in Summer School, that we had our
+definite enthusiasm over labor-psychology aroused. Will Ogburn, who was
+also teaching at Summer School that year, and whose lectures I attended,
+introduced us to Hart's "Psychology of Insanity," several books by
+Freud, McDougall's "Social Psychology," etc. I remember Carl's seminar
+the following spring--his last seminar at the University of California.
+He had started with nine seminar students three years before; now there
+were thirty-three. They were all such a superior picked lot, some
+seniors, mostly graduates, that he felt there was no one he could ask to
+stay out. I visited it all the term, and I am sure that nowhere else on
+the campus could quite such heated and excited discussions have been
+heard--Carl simply sitting at the head of the table, directing here,
+leading there.
+
+The general subject was Labor-Problems. The students had to read one
+book a week--such books as Hart's "Psychology of Insanity," Keller's
+"Societal Evolution," Holt's "Freudian Wish," McDougall's "Social
+Psychology,"--two weeks to that,--Lippmann's "Preface to Politics,"
+Veblen's "Instinct of Workmanship," Wallas's "Great Society,"
+Thorndike's "Educational Psychology," Hoxie's "Scientific Management,"
+Ware's "The Worker and his Country," G.H. Parker's "Biology and Social
+Problems," and so forth--and ending, as a concession to the idealists,
+with Royce's "Philosophy of Loyalty."
+
+One of the graduate students of the seminar wrote me: "For three years I
+sat in his seminar on Labor-Problems, and had we both been there ten
+years longer, each season would have found me in his class. His
+influence on my intellectual life was by far the most stimulating and
+helpful of all the men I have known. . . . But his spirit and influence
+will live on in the lives of those who sat at his feet and learned."
+
+The seminar was too large, really, for intimate discussion, so after a
+few weeks several of the boys asked Carl if they could have a little
+sub-seminar. It was a very rushed time for him, but he said that, if
+they would arrange all the details, he would save them Tuesday evenings.
+So every Tuesday night about a dozen boys climbed our hill to rediscuss
+the subject of the seminar of that afternoon--and everything else under
+the heavens and beyond. I laid out ham sandwiches, or sausages, or some
+edible dear to the male heart, and coffee to be warmed, and about
+midnight could be heard the sounds of banqueting from the kitchen. Three
+students told me on graduation that those Tuesday nights at our house
+had meant more intellectual stimulus than anything that ever came into
+their lives.
+
+One of these boys wrote to me after Carl's death:--
+
+"When I heard that Doc had gone, one of the finest and cleanest men I
+have ever had the privilege of associating with, I seemed to have
+stopped thinking. It didn't seem possible to me, and I can remember very
+clearly of thinking what a rotten world this is when we have to live and
+lose a man like Doc. I have talked to two men who were associated with
+him in somewhat the same manner as I was, and we simply looked at one
+another after the first sentences, and then I guess the thoughts of a
+man who had made so much of an impression on our minds drove coherent
+speech away. . . . I have had the opportunity since leaving college of
+experiencing something real besides college life and I can't remember
+during all that period of not having wondered how Dr. Parker would
+handle this or that situation. He was simply immense to me at all times,
+and if love of a man-to-man kind does exist, then I truthfully can say
+that I had that love for him."
+
+Of the letters received from students of those years I should like to
+quote a passage here and there.
+
+An aviator in France writes: "There was no man like him in my college
+life. Believe me, he has been a figure in all we do over here,--we who
+knew him,--and a reason for our doing, too. His loss is so great to all
+of us! . . . He was so fine he will always push us on to finding the truth
+about things. That was his great spark, wasn't it?"
+
+From a second lieutenant in France: "I loved Carl. He was far more to me
+than just a friend--he was father, brother, and friend all in one. He
+influenced, as you know, everything I have done since I knew him--for it
+was his enthusiasm which has been the force which determined the
+direction of my work. And the bottom seemed to have fallen out of my
+whole scheme of things when the word just came to me."
+
+From one of the young officers at Camp Lewis: "When E---- told me about
+Carl's illness last Wednesday, I resolved to go and see him the coming
+week-end. I carried out my resolution, only to find that I could see
+neither him nor you. [This was the day before Carl's death.] It was a
+great disappointment to me, so I left some flowers and went away. . . . I
+simply could not leave Seattle without seeing Carl once more, so I made
+up my mind to go out to the undertaker's. The friends I was with
+discouraged the idea, but it was too strong within me. There was a void
+within me which could only be filled by seeing my friend once more. I
+went out there and stood by his side for quite a while. I recalled the
+happy days spent with him on the campus. I thought of his kindliness,
+his loyalty, his devotion. Carl Parker shall always occupy a place in
+the recesses of my memory as a true example of nobility. It was hard for
+me to leave, but I felt much better."
+
+From one of his women students: "Always from the first day when I knew
+him he seemed to give me a joy of life and an inspiration to work which
+no other person or thing has ever given me. And it is a joy and an
+inspiration I shall always keep. I seldom come to a stumbling-block in
+my work that I don't stop to wonder what Carl Parker would do were he
+solving that problem."
+
+Another letter I have chosen to quote from was written by a former
+student now in Paris:--
+
+"We could not do without him. He meant too much to us. . . . I come now as
+a young friend to put myself by your side a moment and to try to share a
+great sorrow which is mine almost as much as it is yours. For I am sure
+that, after you, there were few indeed who loved Carl as much as I.
+
+"Oh, I am remembering a hundred things!--the first day I found you both
+in the little house on Hearst Avenue--the dinners we used to have . . .
+the times I used to come on Sunday morning to find you both, and the
+youngsters--the day just before I graduated when mother and I had lunch
+at your house . . . and, finally, that day I left you, and you said, both
+of you, 'Don't come back without seeing some of the cities of Europe.'
+I'd have missed some of the cities to have come back and found you both.
+
+"Some of him we can't keep. The quaint old gray twinkle--the quiet,
+half-impudent, wholly confident poise with which he defied all
+comers--that inexhaustible and incorrigible fund of humor--those we
+lose. No use to whine--we lose it; write it off, gulp, go on.
+
+"But other things we keep, none the less. The stimulus and impetus and
+inspiration are not lost, and shall not be. No one has counted the
+youngsters he has hauled, by the scruff of the neck as often as not, out
+of a slough of middle-class mediocrity, and sent careering off into some
+welter or current of ideas and conjecture. Carl didn't know where they
+would end, and no more do any of the rest of us. He knew he loathed
+stagnation. And he stirred things and stirred people. And the end of the
+stirring is far from being yet known or realized."
+
+I like, too, a story one of the Regents told me. He ran into a student
+from his home town and asked how his work at the University was going.
+The boy looked at him eagerly and said, "Mr. M----, I've been born
+again! ["Born again"--those were his very words.] I entered college
+thinking of it as a preparation for making more money when I got out.
+I've come across a man named Parker in the faculty and am taking
+everything he gives. Now I know I'd be selling out my life to make money
+the goal. I know now, too, that whatever money I do make can never be at
+the expense of the happiness and welfare of any other human being."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI
+
+
+About this time we had a friend come into our lives who was destined to
+mean great things to the Parkers--Max Rosenberg. He had heard Carl
+lecture once or twice, had met him through our good friend Dr. Brown,
+and a warm friendship had developed. In the spring of 1916 we were
+somewhat tempted by a call to another University--$1700 was really not a
+fortune to live on, and to make both ends meet and prepare for the
+June-Bug's coming, Carl had to use every spare minute lecturing outside.
+It discouraged him, for he had no time left to read and study. So when a
+call came that appealed to us in several ways, besides paying a much
+larger salary, we seriously considered it. About then "Uncle Max" rang
+up from San Francisco and asked Carl to see him before answering this
+other University, and an appointment was made for that afternoon.
+
+I was to be at a formal luncheon, but told Carl to be sure to call me up
+the minute he left Max--we wondered so hard what he might mean. And what
+he did mean was the most wonderful idea that ever entered a friend's
+head. He felt that Carl had a real message to give the world, and that
+he should write a book. He also realized that it was impossible to find
+time for a book under the circumstances. Therefore he proposed that Carl
+should take a year's leave of absence and let Max finance him--not only
+just finance him, but allow for a trip throughout the East for him to
+get the inspiration of contact with other men in his field; and enough
+withal, so that there should be no skimping anywhere and the little
+family at home should have everything they needed.
+
+It seemed to us something too wonderful to believe. I remember going
+back to that lunch-table, after Carl had telephoned me only the broadest
+details, wondering if it were the same world. That Book--we had dreamed
+of writing that book for so many years--the material to be in it changed
+continually, but always the longing to write, and no time, no hopes of
+any chance to do it. And the June-Bug coming, and more need for
+money--hence more outside lectures than ever. I have no love for the
+University of California when I think of that $1700. (I quote from an
+article that came out in New York: "It is an astounding fact which his
+University must explain, that he, with his great abilities as teacher
+and leader, his wide travel and experience and training, received from
+the University in his last year of service there a salary of $1700 a
+year! The West does not repay commercial genius like that.") For days
+after Max's offer we hardly knew we were on earth. It was so very much
+the most wonderful thing that could have happened to us. Our friends had
+long ago adopted the phrase "just Parker luck," and here was an example
+if there ever was one. "Parker luck" indeed it was!
+
+This all meant, to get the fulness out of it, that Carl must make a trip
+of at least four months in the East. At first he planned to return in
+the middle of it and then go back again; but somehow four months spent
+as we planned it out for him seemed so absolutely marvelous,--an
+opportunity of a lifetime,--that joy for him was greater in my soul than
+the dread of a separation. It was different from any other parting we
+had ever had. I was bound that I would not shed a single tear when I saw
+him off, even though it meant the longest time apart we had experienced.
+Three nights before he left, being a bit blue about things, for all our
+fine talk, we prowled down our hillside and found our way to our first
+Charlie Chaplin film. We laughed until we cried--we really did. So that
+night, seeing Carl off, we went over that Charlie Chaplin film in detail
+and let ourselves think and talk of nothing else. We laughed all over
+again, and Carl went off laughing, and I waved good-bye laughing. Bless
+that Charlie Chaplin film!
+
+It would not take much imagination to realize what that trip meant to
+Carl--and through him to me. From the time he first felt the importance
+of the application of modern psychology to the study of economics, he
+became more and more intellectually isolated from his colleagues. They
+had no interest in, no sympathy for, no understanding of, what he was
+driving at. From May, when college closed, to October, when he left for
+the East, he read prodigiously. He had a mind for assimilation--he knew
+where to store every new piece of knowledge he acquired, and kept
+thereby an orderly brain. He read more than a book a week: everything he
+could lay hands on in psychology, anthropology, biology, philosophy,
+psycho-analysis--every field which he felt contributed to his own
+growing conviction that orthodox economics had served its day. And how
+he gloried in that reading! It had been years since he had been able to
+do anything but just keep up with his daily lectures, such was the
+pressure he was working under. Bless his heart, he was always coming
+across something that was just too good to hold in, and I would hear him
+come upstairs two steps at a time, bolt into the kitchen, and say: "Just
+listen to this!" And he would read an extract from some new-found
+treasure that would make him glow.
+
+But outside of myself,--and I was only able to keep up with him by the
+merest skimmings,--and one or two others at most, there was no one who
+understood what he was driving at. As his reading and convictions grew,
+he waxed more and more outraged at the way Economics was handled in his
+own University. He saw student after student having every ounce of
+intellectual curiosity ground out of them by a process of economic
+education that would stultify a genius. Any student who continued his
+economic studies did so in spite of the introductory work, not because
+he had had one little ounce of enthusiasm aroused in his soul. Carl
+would walk the floor with his hands in his pockets when kindred
+spirits--especially students who had gone through the mill, and as
+seniors or graduates looked back outraged at certain courses they had
+had to flounder through--brought up the subject of Economics at the
+University of California.
+
+Off he went then on his pilgrimage,--his Research
+Magnificent,--absolutely unknown to almost every man he hoped to see
+before his return. The first stop he made was at Columbia, Missouri, to
+see his idol Veblen. He quaked a bit beforehand,--had heard Veblen might
+not see him,--but the second letter from Missouri began, "Just got in
+after thirteen hours with Veblen. It went wonderfully and I am tickled
+to death. He O.K.s my idea entirely and said I could not go wrong. . . .
+Gee, but it is some grand experience to go up against him."
+
+In the next letter he told of a graduate student who came out to get his
+advice regarding a thesis-subject in labor. "I told him to go to his New
+England home and study the reaction of machine-industry on the life of
+the town. That is a typical Veblen subject. It scared the student to
+death, and Veblen chuckled over my advice." In Wisconsin he was
+especially anxious to see Guyer. Of his visit with him he wrote: "It was
+a whiz of a session. He is just my meat." At Yale he saw Keller. "He is
+a wonder and is going to do a lot for me in criticism."
+
+Then began the daily letters from New York, and every single letter--not
+only from New York but from every other place he happened to be in:
+Baltimore, Philadelphia, Cambridge--told of at least one intellectual
+Event--with a capital E--a day. No one ever lived who had a more
+stimulating experience. Friends would ask me: "What is the news from
+Carl?" And I would just gasp. Every letter was so full of the new
+influences coming into his life, that it was impossible to give even an
+idea of the history in the making that was going on with the Parkers.
+
+In the first days in New York he saw T.H. Morgan. "I just walked in on
+him and introduced myself baldly, and he is a corker. A remarkable
+talker, with a mind like a flash. I am to see him again. To-morrow will
+be a big day for me--I'll see Hollingworth, and very probably Thorndike,
+and I'll know then something of what I'll get out of New York." Next
+day: "Called on Hollingworth to-day. He gave me some invaluable data and
+opinions. . . . To-morrow I see Thorndike." And the next day: "I'm so
+joyful and excited over Thorndike. He was so enthusiastic over my
+work. . . . He at once had brass-tack ideas. Said I was right--that strikes
+usually started because of small and very human violations of man's
+innate dispositions."
+
+Later he called on Professor W.C. Mitchell. "He went into my thesis very
+fully and is all for it. Professor Mitchell knows more than any one the
+importance of psychology to economics and he is all for my study. Gee,
+but I get excited after such a session. I bet I'll get out a real book,
+my girl!"
+
+After one week in New York he wrote: "The trip has paid for itself now,
+and I'm dead eager to view the time when I begin my writing." Later:
+"Just got in from a six-hour session with the most important group of
+employers in New York. I sat in on a meeting of the Building Trades
+Board where labor delegates and employers appeared. After two hours of
+it (awfully interesting) the Board took me to dinner and we talked
+labor stuff till ten-thirty. Gee, it was fine, and I got oceans of
+stuff."
+
+Then came Boas, and more visits with Thorndike. "To-night I put in six
+hours with Thorndike, and am pleased plum to death. . . . Under his
+friendly stimulus I developed a heap of new ideas; and say, wait till I
+begin writing! I'll have ten volumes at the present rate. . . . This visit
+with Thorndike was worth the whole trip." (And in turn Thorndike wrote
+me: "The days that he and I spent together in New York talking of these
+things are one of my finest memories and I appreciate the chance that
+let me meet him.") He wrote from the Harvard Club, where Walter Lippmann
+put him up: "The Dad is a 'prominent clubman.' Just lolled back at
+lunch, in a room with animals (stuffed) all around the walls, and
+waiters flying about, and a ceiling up a mile. Gee!" Later: "I just had
+a most wonderful visit with the Director of the National Committee for
+Mental Hygiene, Dr. Solman, and he is a wiz, a wiz!"
+
+Next day: "Had a remarkable visit with Dr. Gregory this A.M. He is one
+of the greatest psychiatrists in New York and up on balkings, business
+tension, and the mental effect of monotonous work. He was so worked up
+over my explanation of unrest (a mental status) through
+instinct-balkings other than sex, that he asked if I would consider
+using his big psychopathic ward as a laboratory field for my own work.
+Then he dated me up for a luncheon at which three of the biggest mental
+specialists in New York will be present, to talk over the manner in
+which psychiatry will aid my research! I can't say how tickled I am
+over his attitude." Next letter: "At ten reached Dr. Pierce Bailey's,
+the big psychiatrist, and for an hour and a half we talked, and I was
+simply tickled to death. He is really a wonder and I was very
+enthused. . . . Before leaving he said: 'You come to dinner Friday night
+here and I will have Dr. Paton from Princeton and I'll get in some more
+to meet you.' . . . Then I beat it to the 'New Republic' offices, and sat
+down to dinner with the staff plus Robert Bruere, and the subject became
+'What is a labor policy?' The Dad, he did his share, he did, and had a
+great row with Walter Lippmann and Bruere. Walter Lippmann said: 'This
+won't do--you have made me doubt a lot of things. You come to lunch with
+me Friday at the Harvard Club and we'll thrash it all out.' Says I, 'All
+right!' Then says Croly, 'This won't do; we'll have a dinner here the
+following Monday night, and I'll get Felix Frankfurter down from Boston,
+and we'll thrash it out some more!' Says I, 'All right!' And says Mr.
+Croly, private, 'You come to dinner with us on Sunday!'--'All right,'
+sez Dad. Dr. Gregory has me with Dr. Solman on Monday, and Harry
+Overstreet on Wednesday, Thorndike on Saturday, and gee, but I'll beat
+it for New Haven on Thursday, or I'll die of up-torn brain."
+
+Are you realizing what this all meant to my Carl--until recently reading
+and pegging away unencouraged in his basement study up on the Berkeley
+hills?
+
+The next day he heard Roosevelt at the Ritz-Carton. "Then I watched that
+remarkable man wind the crowd almost around his finger. It was great,
+and pure psychology; and say, fool women and some fool men; but T.R.
+went on blithely as if every one was an intellectual giant." That night
+a dinner with Winston Churchill. Next letter: "Had a simply superb talk
+with Hollingworth for two and a half hours this afternoon. . . . The dinner
+was the four biggest psychiatrists in New York and Dad. Made me simply
+yell, it did. . . . It was for my book simply superb. All is going so
+wonderfully." Next day: "Now about the Thorndike dinner: it was
+grand. . . . I can't tell you how much these talks are maturing my ideas
+about the book. I think in a different plane and am certain that my
+ideas are surer. There have come up a lot of odd problems touching the
+conflict, so-called, between intelligence and instinct, and these I'm
+getting thrashed out grandly." After the second "New Republic" dinner he
+wrote: "Lots of important people there . . . Felix Frankfurter, two
+judges, and the two Goldmarks, Pierce Bailey, etc., and the whole
+staff. . . . Had been all day with Dr. Gregory and other psychiatrists and
+had met Police Commissioner Woods . . . a wonderfully rich day. . . . I
+must run for a date with Professor Robinson and then to meet Howe, the
+Immigration Commissioner."
+
+Then a trip to Ellis Island, and at midnight that same date he wrote:
+"Just had a most truly remarkable--eight-thirty to twelve--visit with
+Professor Robinson, he who wrote that European history we bought in
+Germany." Then a trip to Philadelphia, being dined and entertained by
+various members of the Wharton School faculty. Then the Yale-Harvard
+game, followed by three days and two nights in the psychopathic ward at
+Sing Sing. "I found in the psychiatrist at the prison a true wonder--Dr.
+Glueck. He has a viewpoint on instincts which differs from any one that
+I have met." The next day, back in New York: "Just had a most remarkable
+visit with Thomas Mott Osborne." Later in the same day: "Just had an
+absolutely grand visit and lunch with Walter Lippmann . . . it was about
+the best talk with regard to my book that I have had in the East. He is
+an intellectual wonder and a big, good-looking, friendly boy. I'm for
+him a million."
+
+Then his visit with John Dewey. "I put up to him my regular
+questions--the main one being the importance of the conflict between
+MacDougall and the Freudians. . . . He was cordiality itself. I am
+expecting red-letter days with him. My knowledge of the subject is
+increasing fast." Then a visit with Irving Fisher at New Haven. The next
+night "was simply remarkable." Irving Fisher took him to a banquet in
+New York, in honor of some French dignitaries, with President Wilson
+present--"at seven dollars a plate!" As to President Wilson, "He was
+simply great--almost the greatest, in fact is the greatest, speaker I
+have ever heard."
+
+Then a run down to Cambridge, every day crammed to the edges. "Had
+breakfast with Felix Frankfurter. He has the grand spirit and does so
+finely appreciate what my subject means. He walked me down to see a
+friend of his, Laski, intellectually a sort of marvel--knows psychology
+and philosophy cold--grand talk. Then I called on Professor Gay and he
+dated me for a dinner to-morrow night. Luncheon given to me by Professor
+Taussig--that was _fine_. . . . Then I flew to see E.B. Holt for an hour
+[his second visit there]. Had a grand visit, and then at six was taken
+with Gay to dinner with the visiting Deans at the Boston Harvard Club."
+(Mr. Holt wrote: "I met Mr. Parker briefly in the winter of 1916-17,
+briefly, but so very delightfully! I felt that he was an ally and a
+brilliant one.")
+
+I give these many details because you must appreciate what this new
+wonder-world meant to a man who was considered nobody much by his own
+University.
+
+Then one day a mere card: "This is honestly a day in which no two
+minutes of free time exist--so superbly grand has it gone and so
+fruitful for the book--the best of all yet. One of the biggest men in
+the United States (Cannon of Harvard) asked me to arrange my thesis to
+be analyzed by a group of experts in the field." Next day he wrote: "Up
+at six-forty-five, and at seven-thirty I was at Professor Cannon's. I
+put my thesis up to him strong and got one of the most encouraging and
+stimulating receptions I have had. He took me in to meet his wife, and
+said: 'This young man has stimulated and aroused me greatly. We must get
+his thesis formally before a group.'" Later, from New York: "From
+seven-thirty to eleven-thirty I argued with Dr. A.A. Brill, who
+translated all of Freud!!! and it was simply wonderful. I came home at
+twelve and wrote up a lot."
+
+Later he went to Washington with Walter Lippmann. They ran into Colonel
+House on the train, and talked foreign relations for two and a half
+hours. "My hair stood on end at the importance of what he said." From
+Washington he wrote: "Am having one of the Great Experiences of my young
+life." Hurried full days in Philadelphia, with a most successful talk
+before the University of Pennsylvania Political and Social Science
+Conference ("Successful," was the report to me later of several who were
+present), and extreme kindness and hospitality from all the Wharton
+group. He rushed to Baltimore, and at midnight, December 31, he wrote:
+"I had from eleven-thirty to one P.M. an absolute supergrand talk with
+Adolph Meyer and John Watson. He is a grand young southerner and simply
+knows his behavioristic psychology in a way to make one's hair stand up.
+We talked my plan clear out and they are _enthusiastic_. . . . Things are
+going _grandly_." Next day: "Just got in from dinner with Adolph Meyer.
+He is simply a wonder. . . . At nine-thirty I watched Dr. Campbell give a
+girl Freudian treatment for a suicide mania. She had been a worker in a
+straw-hat factory and had a true industrial psychosis--the kind I am
+looking for." Then, later: "There is absolutely no doubt that the trip
+has been my making. I have learned a lot of background, things, and
+standards, that will put their stamp on my development."
+
+Almost every letter would tell of some one visit which "alone was worth
+the trip East." Around Christmastime home-longings got extra strong--he
+wrote five letters in three days. I really wish I could quote some from
+them--where he said for instance: "My, but it is good for a fellow to be
+with his family and awful to be away from it." And again: "I want to be
+interrupted, I do. I'm all for that. I remember how Jim and Nand used to
+come into my study for a kiss and then go hastily out upon urgent
+affairs. I'm for that. . . . I've got my own folk and they make the rest of
+the world thin and pale. The blessedness of babies is beyond words, but
+the blessedness of a wife is such that one can't start in on it."
+
+Then came the Economic-Convention at Columbus--letters too full to begin
+to quote from them. "I'm simply having the time of my life . . . every one
+is here." In a talk when he was asked to fill in at the last minute, he
+presented "two arguments why trade-unions alone could not be depended on
+to bring desirable change in working conditions through collective
+bargaining: one, because they were numerically so few in contrast to the
+number of industrial workers, and, two, because the reforms about to be
+demanded were technical, medical, and generally of scientific character,
+and skilled experts employed by the state would be necessary."
+
+Back again in New York, he wrote: "It just raises my hair to feel I'm
+not where a Dad ought to be. My blessed, precious family! I tell you
+there isn't anything in this world like a wife and babies and I'm for
+that life that puts me close. I'm near smart enough to last a heap of
+years. Though when I see how my trip makes me feel alive in my head and
+enthusiastic, I know it has been worth while. . . ." Along in January he
+worked his thesis up in writing. "Last night I read my paper to the
+Robinsons after the dinner and they had Mr. and Mrs. John Dewey there. A
+most superb and grand discussion followed, the Deweys going home at
+eleven-thirty and I stayed to talk to one A.M. I slept dreaming wildly
+of the discussion. . . . Then had an hour and a half with Dewey on certain
+moot points. That talk was even more superb and resultful to me and I'm
+just about ready to quit. . . . I need now to write and read."
+
+I quote a bit here and there from a paper written in New York in 1917,
+because, though hurriedly put together and never meant for publication,
+it describes Carl's newer approach to Economics and especially to the
+problem of Labor.
+
+"In 1914 I was asked to investigate a riot among 2800 migratory
+hop-pickers in California which had resulted in five deaths, many-fold
+more wounded, hysteria, fear, and a strange orgy of irresponsible
+persecution by the county authorities--and, on the side of the laborers,
+conspiracy, barn-burnings, sabotage, and open revolutionary propaganda.
+I had been teaching labor-problems for a year, and had studied them in
+two American universities, under Sidney Webb in London, and in four
+universities of Germany. I found that I had no fundamentals which could
+be called good tools with which to begin my analysis of this riot. And I
+felt myself merely a conventional if astonished onlooker before the
+theoretically abnormal but manifestly natural emotional activity which
+swept over California. After what must have been a most usual
+intellectual cycle of, first, helplessness, then conventional
+cataloguing, some rationalizing, some moralizing, and an extensive
+feeling of shallowness and inferiority, I called the job done.
+
+"By accident, somewhat later, I was loaned two books of Freud, and I
+felt after the reading, that I had found a scientific approach which
+might lead to the discovery of important fundamentals for a study of
+unrest and violence. Under this stimulation, I read, during a year and a
+half, general psychology, physiology and anthropology, eugenics, all the
+special material I could find on Mendelism, works on mental hygiene,
+feeblemindedness, insanity, evolution of morals and character, and
+finally found a resting-place in a field which seems to be best
+designated as Abnormal and Behavioristic Psychology. My quest throughout
+this experience seemed to be pretty steadily a search for those
+irreducible fundamentals which I could use in getting a technically
+decent opinion on that riot. In grand phrases, I was searching for the
+Scientific Standard of Value to be used in analyzing Human Behavior.
+
+"Economics (which officially holds the analysis of labor-problems) has
+been allowed to devote itself almost entirely to the production of
+goods, and to neglect entirely the consumption of goods and human
+organic welfare. The lip-homage given by orthodox economics to the field
+of consumption seems to be inspired merely by the feeling that disaster
+might overcome production if workers were starved or business men
+discouraged. . . . So, while official economic science tinkers at its
+transient institutions which flourish in one decade and pass out in the
+next, abnormal and behavioristic psychology, physiology, psychiatry, are
+building in their laboratories, by induction from human specimens of
+modern economic life, a standard of human values and an elucidation of
+behavior fundamentals which alone we must use in our legislative or
+personal modification of modern civilization. It does not seem an
+overstatement to say that orthodox economics has cleanly overlooked two
+of the most important generalizations about human life which can be
+phrased, and those are,--
+
+"That human life is dynamic, that change, movement, evolution, are its
+basic characteristics.
+
+"That self-expression, and therefore freedom of choice and movement, are
+prerequisites to a satisfying human state."
+
+After giving a description of the instincts he writes:--
+
+"The importance to me of the following description of the innate
+tendencies or instincts lies in their relation to my main explanation of
+economic behavior which is,--
+
+"First, that these tendencies are persistent, are far less warped or
+modified by the environment than we believe; that they function quite as
+they have for several hundred thousand years; that they, as motives, in
+their various normal or perverted habit-form, can at times dominate
+singly the entire behavior, and act as if they were a clear character
+dominant.
+
+"Secondly, that if the environment through any of the conventional
+instruments of repression, such as religious orthodoxy, university
+mental discipline, economic inferiority, imprisonment, physical
+disfigurement,--such as short stature, hare-lip, etc.,--repress the full
+psychological expression in the field of these tendencies, then a
+psychic revolt, slipping into abnormal mental functioning, takes place,
+and society accuses the revolutionist of being either willfully
+inefficient, alcoholic, a syndicalist, supersensitive, an agnostic, or
+insane."
+
+I hesitate somewhat to give his programme as set forth in this paper. I
+have already mentioned that it was written in the spring of 1917, and
+hurriedly. In referring to this very paper in a letter from New York, he
+said, "Of course it is written in part _to call out_ comments, and so
+the statements are strong and unmodified." Let that fact, then, be borne
+in mind, and also the fact that he may have altered his views somewhat
+in the light of his further studies and readings--although again, such
+studies may only have strengthened the following ideas. I cannot now
+trust to my memory for what discussions we may have had on the subject.
+
+"Reform means a militant minority, or, to follow Trotter, a small Herd.
+This little Herd would give council, relief, and recuperation to its
+members. The members of the Herd will be under merciless fire from the
+convention-ridden members of general society. They will be branded
+outlaws, radicals, agnostics, impossible, crazy. They will be lucky to
+be out of jail most of the time. They will work by trial and study,
+gaining wisdom by their errors, as Sidney Webb and the Fabians did. In
+the end, after a long time, parts of the social sham will collapse, as
+it did in England, and small promises will become milestones of
+progress.
+
+"From where, then, can we gain recruits for this minority? Two real
+sources seem in existence--the universities and the field of
+mental-disease speculation and hospital experiment. The one, the
+universities, with rare if wonderful exceptions, are fairly hopeless;
+the other is not only rich in promise, but few realize how full in
+performance. Most of the literature which is gripping that great
+intellectual no-man's land of the silent readers, is basing its appeal,
+and its story, on the rather uncolored and bald facts which come from
+Freud, Trotter, Robinson, Dewey, E.B. Holt, Lippmann, Morton Prince,
+Pierce, Bailey, Jung, Hart, Overstreet, Thorndike, Campbell, Meyer and
+Watson, Stanley Hall, Adler, White. It is from this field of comparative
+or abnormal psychology that the challenge to industrialism and the
+programme of change will come.
+
+"But suppose you ask me to be concrete and give an idea of such a
+programme.
+
+"Take simply the beginning of life, take childhood, for that is where
+the human material is least protected, most plastic, and where most
+injury to-day is done. In the way of general suggestion, I would say,
+exclude children from formal disciplinary life, such as that of all
+industry and most schools, up to the age of eighteen. After excluding
+them, what shall we do with them? Ask John Dewey, I suggest, or read
+his 'Schools of To-morrow,' or 'Democracy and Education.' It means
+tremendous, unprecedented money expense to ensure an active trial and
+error-learning activity; a chance naturally to recapitulate the racial
+trial and error-learning experience; a study and preparation of those
+periods of life in which fall the ripening of the relatively late
+maturing instincts; a general realizing that wisdom can come only from
+experience, and not from the Book. It means psychologically calculated
+childhood opportunity, in which the now stifled instincts of leadership,
+workmanship, hero-worship, hunting, migration, meditation, sex, could
+grow and take their foundation place in the psychic equipment of a
+biologically promising human being. To illustrate in trivialities, no
+father, with knowledge of the meaning of the universal bent towards
+workmanship, would give his son a puzzle if he knew of the Mecano or
+Erector toys, and no father would give the Mecano if he had grasped the
+educational potentiality of the gift to his child of $10 worth of lumber
+and a set of good carpenter's tools. There is now enough loose wisdom
+around devoted to childhood, its needed liberties and experiences, both
+to give the children of this civilization their first evolutionary
+chance, and to send most teachers back to the farm.
+
+"In the age-period of 18 to 30 would fall that pseudo-educational
+monstrosity, the undergraduate university, and the degrading popular
+activities of 'beginning a business' or 'picking up a trade.' Much money
+must be spent here. Perhaps few fields of activity have been
+conventionalized as much as university education. Here, just where a
+superficial theorist would expect to find enthusiasm, emancipated minds,
+and hope, is found fear, convention, a mean instinct-life, no spirit of
+adventure, little curiosity, in general no promise of preparedness. No
+wonder philosophical idealism flourishes and Darwin is forgotten.
+
+"The first two years of University life should be devoted to the Science
+of Human Behavior. Much of to-day's biology, zooelogy, history, if it is
+interpretive, psychology, if it is behavioristic, philosophy, if it is
+pragmatic, literature, if it had been written involuntarily, would find
+its place here. The last two years could be profitably spent in
+appraising with that ultimate standard of value gained in the first two
+years, the various institutions and instruments used by civilized man.
+All instruction would be objective, scientific, and emancipated from
+convention--wonderful prospect!
+
+"In industrial labor and in business employments a new concept, a new
+going philosophy must be unreservedly accepted, which has, instead of
+the ideal of forcing the human beings to mould their habits to assist
+the continued existence of the inherited order of things, an ideal of
+moulding all business institutions and ideas of prosperity in the
+interests of scientific evolutionary aims and large human pleasures. As
+Pigou has said, 'Environment has its children as well as men.' Monotony
+in labor, tedium in officework, time spent in business correspondence,
+the boredom of running a sugar refinery, would be asked to step before
+the bar of human affairs and get a health standardization. To-day
+industry produces goods that cost more than they are worth, are consumed
+by persons who are degraded by the consuming; it is destroying
+permanently the raw-material source which, science has painfully
+explained, could be made inexhaustible. Some intellectual revolution
+must come which will _de_-emphasize business and industry and
+_re_-emphasize most other ways of self-expression.
+
+"In Florence, around 1300, Giotto painted a picture, and the day it was
+to be hung in St. Mark's, the town closed down for a holiday, and the
+people, with garlands of flowers and songs, escorted the picture from
+the artist's studio to the church. Three weeks ago I stood, in company
+with 500 silent, sallow-faced men, at a corner on Wall Street, a cold
+and wet corner, till young Morgan issued from J.P. Morgan & Company, and
+walked 20 feet to his carriage.--We produce, probably, per capita, 1000
+times more in weight of ready-made clothing, Irish lace, artificial
+flowers, terra cotta, movie-films, telephones, and printed matter than
+those Florentines did, but we have, with our 100,000,000 inhabitants,
+yet to produce that little town, her Dante, her Andrea del Sarto, her
+Michael Angelo, her Leonardo da Vinci, her Savonarola, her Giotto, or
+the group who followed Giotto's picture. Florence had a marvelous
+energy--re-lease experience. All our industrial formalism, our
+conventionalized young manhood, our schematized universities, are
+instruments of balk and thwart, are machines to produce protesting
+abnormality, to block efficiency. So the problem of industrial labor is
+one with the problem of the discontented business man, the indifferent
+student, the unhappy wife, the immoral minister--it is one of
+maladjustment between a fixed human nature and a carelessly ordered
+world. The result is suffering, insanity, racial-perversion, and danger.
+The final cure is gaining acceptance for a new standard of morality; the
+first step towards this is to break down the mores-inhibitions to free
+experimental thinking."
+
+If only the time had been longer--if only the Book itself could have
+been finished! For he _had_ a great message. He was writing about a
+thousand words a day on it the following summer, at Castle Crags, when
+the War Department called him into mediation work and not another word
+did he ever find time to add to it. It stands now about one third done.
+I shall get that third ready for publication, together with some of his
+shorter articles. There have been many who have offered their services
+in completing the Book, but the field is so new, Carl's contribution so
+unique, that few men in the whole country understand the ground enough
+to be of service. It was not so much to be a book on Labor as on
+Labor-Psychology--and that is almost an unexplored field.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII
+
+
+Three days after Carl started east, on his arrival in Seattle, President
+Suzzallo called him to the University of Washington as Head of the
+Department of Economics and Dean of the College of Business
+Administration, his work to begin the following autumn. It seemed an
+ideal opportunity. He wrote: "I am very, very attracted by Suzzallo. . . .
+He said that I should be allowed to plan the work as I wished and call
+the men I wished, and could call at least five. I cannot imagine a
+better man to work with nor a better proposition than the one he put up
+to me. . . . The job itself will let me teach what I wish and in my own
+way. I can give Introductory Economics, and Labor, and Industrial
+Organization, etc." Later, he telegraphed from New York, where he had
+again seen Suzzallo: "Have accepted Washington's offer. . . . Details of
+job even more satisfactory than before."
+
+So, sandwiched in between all the visits and interviews over the Book,
+were many excursions about locating new men for the University of
+Washington. I like to think of what the three Pennsylvania men he wanted
+had to say about him. Seattle seemed very far away to them--they were
+doubtful, very. Then they heard the talk before the Conference referred
+to above, and every one of the three accepted his call. As one of them
+expressed it to his wife later: "I'd go anywhere for that man." Between
+that Seattle call and his death there were eight universities, some of
+them the biggest in the country, which wished Carl Parker to be on their
+faculties. One smaller university held out the presidency to him.
+Besides this, there were nine jobs outside of University work that were
+offered him, from managing a large mine to doing research work in
+Europe. He had come into his own.
+
+It was just before we left Berkeley that the University of California
+asked Carl to deliver an address, explaining his approach to economics.
+It was, no doubt, the most difficult talk he ever gave. There under his
+very nose sat his former colleagues, his fellow members in the Economics
+Department, and he had to stand up in public and tell them just how
+inadequate he felt most of their teaching to be. The head of the
+Department came in a trifle late and left immediately after the lecture.
+He could hardly have been expected to include himself in the group who
+gathered later around Carl to express their interest in his stand. I
+shall quote a bit from this paper to show Carl's ideas on orthodox
+economics.
+
+"This brings one to perhaps the most costly delinquency of modern
+Economics, and that is its refusal to incorporate into its weighings and
+appraisals the facts and hypotheses of modern psychology. Nothing in the
+postulates of the science of Economics is as ludicrous as its catalogue
+of human wants. Though the practice of ascribing 'faculties' to man has
+been passed by psychology into deserved discard, Economics still
+maintains, as basic human qualities, a galaxy of vague and rather
+spiritual faculties. It matters not that, in the place of the primitive
+concepts of man stimulated to activity by a single trucking sense, or a
+free and uninfluenced force called a soul, or a 'desire for financial
+independence,' psychology has established a human being possessed of
+more instincts than any animal, and with a psychical nature whose
+activities fall completely within the causal law.
+
+"It would be a great task and a useless one to work through current
+economic literature and gather the strange and mystical collection of
+human dispositions which economists have named the springs of human
+activity. They have no relation to the modern researches into human
+behavior of psychology or physiology. They have an interesting relation
+only to the moral attributes postulated in current religion.
+
+"But more important and injurious than the caricaturing of wants has
+been the disappearance from Economics of any treatment or interest in
+human behavior and the evolution of human character in Economic life.
+This is explained in large part by the self-divorce of Economics from
+the biological field; but also in an important way by the exclusion from
+Economics of considerations of consumption.
+
+"Only under the influence of the social and educational psychologists
+and behaviorists could child-labor, the hobo, unemployment, poverty, and
+criminality be given their just emphasis; and it seems accurate to
+ascribe the social sterility of Economic theory and its programme to its
+ignorance and lack of interest in modern comparative psychology.
+
+"A deeper knowledge of human instincts would never have allowed
+American economists to keep their faith in a simple rise of wages as an
+all-cure for labor unrest. In England, with a homogeneous labor class,
+active in politics, maintaining university extension courses, spending
+their union's income on intricate betterment schemes, and wealthy in
+tradition--there a rise in wages meant an increase in welfare. But in
+the United States, with a heterogeneous labor class, bereft of their
+social norms by the violence of their uprooting from the old world,
+dropped into an unprepared and chaotic American life, with its insidious
+prestige--here a rise in wages could and does often mean added
+ostentation, social climbing, superficial polishing, new vice. This
+social perversion in the consuming of the wage-increase is without the
+ken of the economist. He cannot, if he would, think of it, for he has no
+mental tools, no norms applicable for entrance into the medley of human
+motives called consumption.
+
+"For these many reasons economic thinking has been weak and futile in
+the problems of conservation, of haphazard invention, of unrestricted
+advertising, of anti-social production, of the inadequacy of income, of
+criminality. These are problems within the zone of the intimate life of
+the population. They are economic problems, and determine efficiencies
+within the whole economic life. The divorcing for inspection of the
+field of production from the rest of the machinery of civilization has
+brought into practice a false method, and the values arrived at have
+been unhappily half-truths. America to-day is a monument to the truth
+that growth in wealth becomes significant for national welfare only
+when it is joined with an efficient and social policy in its
+consumption.
+
+"Economics will only save itself through an alliance with the sciences
+of human behavior, psychology, and biology, and through a complete
+emancipation from 'prosperity mores.' . . . The sin of Economics has been
+the divorce of its work from reality, of announcing an analysis of human
+activity with the human element left out."
+
+One other point remained ever a sore spot with Carl, and that was the
+American university and its accomplishments. In going over his writings,
+I find scattered through the manuscripts explosions on the ways, means,
+and ends, of academic education in our United States. For instance,--
+
+"Consider the paradox of the rigidity of the university student's scheme
+of study, and the vagaries and whims of the scholarly emotion.
+Contemplate the forcing of that most delicate of human attributes,
+_i.e._, interest, to bounce forth at the clang of a gong. To illustrate:
+the student is confidently expected to lose himself in fine
+contemplation of Plato's philosophy up to eleven o'clock, and then at
+11.07, with no important mental cost, to take up a profitable and
+scholarly investigation into the banking problems of the United States.
+He will be allowed by the proper academic committee German Composition
+at one o'clock, diseases of citrus fruit trees at two, and at three he
+is asked to exhibit a fine sympathy in the Religions and Customs of the
+Orient. Between 4.07 and five it is calculated that he can with profit
+indulge in gymnasium recreation, led by an instructor who counts out
+loud and waves his arms in time to a mechanical piano. Between five and
+six, this student, led by a yell-leader, applauds football practice. The
+growing tendency of American university students to spend their evenings
+in extravagant relaxation, at the moving pictures, or in unconventional
+dancing, is said to be willful and an indication of an important moral
+sag of recent years. It would be interesting also to know if Arkwright,
+Hargreaves, Watt, or Darwin, Edison, Henry Ford, or the Wrights, or
+other persons of desirable if unconventional mechanical imagination,
+were encouraged in their scientific meditation by scholastic experiences
+of this kind. Every American university has a department of education
+devoted to establishing the most effective methods of imparting
+knowledge to human beings."
+
+From the same article:--
+
+"The break in the systematization which an irregular and unpredictable
+thinker brings arouses a persistent if unfocused displeasure. Hence we
+have the accepted and cultivated institutions, such as our universities,
+our churches, our clubs, sustaining with care mediocre standards of
+experimental thought. European critics have long compared the repressed
+and uninspiring intellect of the American undergraduate with the mobile
+state of mind of the Russian and German undergraduates which has made
+their institutions the centre of revolutionary change propaganda. To one
+who knows in any intimate way the life of the American student, it
+becomes only an uncomfortable humor to visualize any of his campuses as
+the origins of social protests. The large industry of American college
+athletics and its organization-for-victory concept, the tendency to set
+up an efficient corporation as the proper university model, the
+extensive and unashamed university advertising, and consequent
+apprehension of public opinion, the love of size and large registration,
+that strange psychological abnormality, organized cheering, the curious
+companionship of state universities and military drill, regular
+examinations and rigidly prescribed work--all these interesting
+characteristics are, as is natural in character-formation, both cause
+and effect. It becomes an easy prophecy within behaviorism to forecast
+that American universities will continue regular and mediocre in mental
+activity and reasonably devoid of intellectual bent toward experimental
+thinking."
+
+Perhaps here is where I may quote a letter Carl received just before
+leaving Berkeley, and his answer to it. This correspondence brings up
+several points on which Carl at times received criticism, and I should
+like to give the two sides, each so typical of the point of view it
+represents.
+
+
+_February 28_, 1917
+
+MY DEAR CARLETON PARKER,--
+
+When we so casually meet it is as distressing as it is amusing to me, to
+know that the God I intuitively defend presents to you the image of the
+curled and scented monster of the Assyrian sculpture.
+
+He was never that to me, and the visualization of an imaginative child
+is a remarkable thing. From the first, the word "God," spoken in the
+comfortable (almost smug) atmosphere of the old Unitarian congregation,
+took my breath and tranced me into a vision of a great flood of
+vibrating light, and _only_ light.
+
+I wonder if, in your childhood, some frightening picture in some old
+book was not the thing that you are still fighting against? So that,
+emancipated as you are, you are still a little afraid, and must
+perforce--with a remainder of the brave swagger of youth--set up a
+barrier of authorities to fight behind, and, quite unconsciously, you
+are thus building yourself into a vault in which no flowers can
+bloom--because you have sealed the high window of the imagination so
+that the frightening God may not look in upon you--this same window
+through which simple men get an illumination that saves their lives, and
+in the light of which they communicate kindly, one with the other, their
+faith and hopes?
+
+I am impelled to say this to you, first, because of the responsibility
+which rests upon you in your relation to young minds; and, second, I
+like you and your eagerness and the zest for Truth that you transmit.
+
+You are dedicated to the pursuit of Truth, and you afford us the
+dramatic incidents of your pursuit.
+
+Yet up to this moment it seems to me you are accepting Truth at
+second-hand.
+
+I counted seventeen "authorities" quoted, chapter and verse (and then
+abandoned the enumeration), in the free talk of the other evening; and
+asked myself if this reverence of the student for the master, was all
+that we were ultimately to have of that vivid individual whom we had so
+counted upon as Carl Parker?
+
+I wondered, too, if, in the great opportunity that has come to you,
+those simple country boys and girls of Washington were to be thus
+deprived,--were to find not you but your "authorities,"--because Carl
+Parker refused (even ever so modestly) to learn that Truth, denied the
+aid of the free imagination, takes revenge upon her disciple, by
+shutting off from him the sources of life by which a man is made free,
+and reducing his mind--his rich, variable, potential mind--to the
+mechanical operation of a repetitious machine.
+
+I feel this danger for you, and for the youths you are to educate, so
+poignantly that I venture to write with this frankness.
+
+Your present imprisonment is not necessarily a life sentence; but your
+satisfaction in it--your acceptance of the routine of your treadmill--is
+chilling to the hopes of those who have waited upon your progress; and
+it imperils your future--as well as that hope we have in the humanities
+that are to be implanted in the minds of the young people you are to
+instruct. We would not have you remain under the misapprehension that
+Truth alone can ever serve humanity--Truth remains sterile until it is
+married to Goodness. That marriage is consummated in the high flight of
+the imagination, and its progeny is of beauty.
+
+_You_ need beauty--you need verse and color and music--you need all the
+escapes--all the doors wide open--and this seemingly impertinent letter
+is merely the appeal of one human creature to another, for the sake of
+all the human creatures whom you have it in your power to endow with
+chains or with wings.
+
+     Very sincerely yours,
+        BRUCE PORTER.
+
+     MY DEAR BRUCE PORTER,--
+
+My present impatient attitude towards a mystic being without doubt has
+been influenced by some impression of my childhood, but not the
+terror-bringing creatures you suggest. My family was one of the last
+three which clung to a dying church in my country town. I, though a boy
+of twelve, passed the plate for two years while the minister's daughter
+sang a solo. Our village was not a happy one, and the incongruity of our
+emotional prayers and ecstasies of imagery, and the drifting dullness
+and meanness of the life outside, filtered in some way into my boy mind.
+I saw that suffering was real and pressing, and so many suffered
+resignedly; and that imagery and my companionship with a God (I was
+highly "religious" then) worked in a self-centred circle. I never
+strayed from the deadly taint of some gentle form of egotism. I was then
+truly in a "vault." I did things for a system of ethics, not because of
+a fine rush of social brotherly intuition. My imagination was ever
+concerned with me and my prospects, my salvation. I honestly and soberly
+believe that your "high window of the imagination" works out in our
+world as such a force for egotism; it is a self-captivating thing, it
+divorces man from the plain and bitter realities of life, it brings an
+anti-social emancipation to him. I can sincerely make this terrible
+charge against the modern world, and that is, that it is its bent
+towards mysticism, its blinding itself through hysteria, which makes
+possible in its civilization its desperate inequalities of
+life-expression, its tortured children, its unhappy men and women, its
+wasted potentiality. We have not been humble and asked what is man; we
+have not allowed ourselves to weigh sorrow. It is in such a use that our
+powers of imagination could be brotherly. We look on high in ecstasy,
+and fail to be on flame because 'of the suffering of those whose wounds
+are bare to our eyes on the street.
+
+And that brings me to my concept of a God. God exists in us because of
+our bundle of social brother-acts. Contemplation and crying out and
+assertions of belief are in the main notices that we are substituting
+something for acts. Our God should be a thing discovered only in
+retrospect. We live, we fight, we know others, and, as Overstreet says,
+our God sins and fights at our shoulder. He may be a mean God or a fine
+one. He is limited in his stature by our service.
+
+I fear your God, because I think he is a product of the unreal and
+unhelpful, that he has a "bad psychological past," that he is subtly
+egotistical, that he fills the vision and leaves no room for the simple
+and patient deeds of brotherhood, a heavenly contemplation taking the
+place of earthly deeds.
+
+You feel that I quote too many minds and am hobbled by it. I delight
+just now in the companionship of men through their books. I am devoted
+to knowing the facts of the lives of other humans and the train of
+thought which their experiences have started. To lead them is like
+talking to them. I suspect, even dread, the "original thinker" who knows
+little of the experiments and failures of the thinkers of other places
+and times. To me such a stand denies that promising thing, the evolution
+of human thought. I also turn from those who borrow, but neglect to tell
+their sources. I want my "simple boys and girls of Washington" to know
+that to-day is a day of honest science; that events have antecedents;
+that "luck" does not exist; that the world will improve only through
+thoughtful social effort, and that lives are happy only in that effort.
+And with it all there will be time for beauty and verse and color and
+music--far be it from me to shut these out of my own life or the lives
+of others. But they are instruments, not attributes. I am very glad you
+wrote.
+
+     Sincerely yours,
+           Carleton H. Parker.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII
+
+
+In May we sold our loved hill nest in Berkeley and started north,
+stopping for a three months' vacation--our first real vacation since we
+had been married--at Castle Crags, where, almost ten years before, we
+had spent the first five days of our honeymoon, before going into
+Southern Oregon. There, in a log-cabin among the pines, we passed
+unbelievably cherished days--work a-plenty, play a-plenty, and the
+family together day in, day out. There was one little extra trip he got
+in with the two sons, for which I am so thankful. The three of them went
+off with their sleeping-bags and rods for two days, leaving "the girls"
+behind. Each son caught his first trout with a fly. They put the fish,
+cleaned, in a cool sheltered spot, because they had to be carried home
+for me to see; and lo! a little bear came down in the night and ate the
+fish, in addition to licking the fat all off the frying-pan.
+
+Then, like a bolt from the blue, came the fateful telegram from
+Washington, D.C.--labor difficulties in construction-work at Camp
+Lewis--would he report there at once as Government Mediator. Oh! the
+Book, the Book--the Book that was to be finished without fail before the
+new work at the University of Washington began! Perhaps he would be back
+in a week! Surely he would be back in a week! So he packed just enough
+for a week, and off he went. One week! When, after four weeks, there
+was still no let up in his mediation duties,--in fact they increased,--I
+packed up the family and we left for Seattle. I had rewound his
+fishing-rod with orange silk, and had revarnished it, as a surprise for
+his home-coming to Castle Crags. He never fished with it again.
+
+How that man loved fishing! How he loved every sport, for that matter.
+And he loved them with the same thoroughness and allegiance that he gave
+to any cause near his heart. Baseball--he played on his high-school team
+(also he could recite "Casey at the Bat" with a gusto that many a friend
+of the earlier days will remember. And here I am reminded of his
+"Christopher Columnibus." I recently ran across a postcard a college
+mate sent Carl from Italy years ago, with a picture of a statue of
+Columbus on it. On the reverse side the friend had written, quoting from
+Carl's monologue: "'Boom Joe!' says the king; which is being
+interpreted, 'I see you first.' 'Wheat cakes,' says Chris, which is the
+Egyptian for 'Boom Joe'"). He loved football, track,--he won three gold
+medals broad-jumping,--canoeing, swimming, billiards,--he won a loving
+cup at that, tennis, ice-skating, hand-ball; and yes, ye of finer
+calibre, quiver if you will--he loved a prize-fight and played a mighty
+good game of poker, as well as bridge--though in the ten and a half
+years that we were married I cannot remember that he played poker once
+or bridge more than five times. He did, however, enjoy his bridge with
+Simon Patton in Philadelphia; and when he played, he played well.
+
+I tell you there was hardly anything the man could not do. He could draw
+the funniest pictures you ever saw--I wish I could reproduce the letters
+he sent his sons from the East. He was a good carpenter--the joy it
+meant to his soul to add a second-hand tool ever so often to his
+collection! Sunday morning was special carpenter-time--new shelves here,
+a bookcase there, new steps up to the swimming-tank, etc. I have heard
+many a man say that he told a story better than any one they ever heard.
+He was an expert woodsman. And, my gracious! how he did love babies!
+That hardly fits in just here, but I think of it now. His love for
+children colored his whole economic viewpoint.
+
+"There is the thing that possessed Parker--the perception of the
+destructive significance of the repressed and balked instincts of the
+migratory worker, the unskilled, the casuals, the hoboes, the womanless,
+jobless, voteless men. To him their tragedy was akin to the tragedy of
+child-life in our commercialized cities. More often than of anything
+else, he used to talk to me of the fatuous blindness of a civilization
+that centred its economic activities in places where child-life was
+perpetually repressed and imperiled. The last time I saw him he was
+flaming indignation at the ghastly record of children killed and maimed
+by trucks and automobiles. What business had automobiles where children
+should be free to play? What could be said for the human wisdom of a
+civilization that placed traffic above child-life? In our denial to
+children, to millions of men and women, of the means for satisfying
+their instinctive desires and innate dispositions, he saw the principal
+explanation of crime, labor-unrest, the violence of strikes, the ghastly
+violence of war[1]."
+
+[Footnote 1: Robert Bruere, in the _New Republic_, May 18, 1918.]
+
+He could never pass any youngster anywhere without a word of greeting as
+from friend to friend. I remember being in a crowded car with him in our
+engaged days. He was sitting next to a woman with a baby who was most
+unhappy over the ways of the world. Carl asked if he could not hold the
+squaller. The mother looked a bit doubtful, but relinquished her child.
+Within two minutes the babe was content on Carl's knees, clutching one
+of his fingers in a fat fist and sucking his watch. The woman leaned
+over to me later, as she was about to depart with a very sound asleep
+offspring. "Is he as lovely as that to his own?"
+
+The tenderness of him over his own! Any hour of the day or night he was
+alert to be of any service in any trouble, big or little. He had a
+collection of tricks and stories on hand for any youngster who happened
+along. The special pet of our own boys was "The Submarine Obo Bird"--a
+large flapper (Dad's arms fairly rent the air), which was especially
+active early in the morning, when small boys appeared to prefer staying
+in bed to getting up. The Obo Bird went "Pak! Pak!" and lit on numerous
+objects about the sleeping porch. Carl's two hands would plump stiff,
+fingers down, on the railing, or on a small screw sticking out
+somewhere. Scratches. Then "Pak!" and more flaps. This time the Obo Bird
+would light a trifle nearer the small boy whose "turn" it was--round
+eyes, and an agitated grin from ear to ear, plus explosive giggles and
+gurglings emerging from the covers. Nearer and nearer came the Obo Bird.
+Gigglier and gigglier got the small boy. Finally, with a spring and a
+last "Pak! Pak! Pak!" the Obo Bird dove under the covers at the side of
+the bed and pinched the small boy who would not get up. (Rather a
+premium on not rising promptly was the Obo Bird.) Final ecstatic squeals
+from the pinched. Then, "Now it's my turn, daddo!" from the other
+son.--The Submarine Obo Bird lived in Alaska and ate Spooka biscuits.
+There was just developing a wee Obo Bird, that made less vehement
+"paks!" and pinched less agitatedly--a special June-Bug Obo Bird. In
+fact, the baby was not more than three months old when the boys demanded
+a Submarine Obo Bird that ate little Spooka biscuits for sister.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+His trip to Camp Lewis threw him at once into the midst of the lumber
+difficulties of the Northwest, which lasted for months. The big strike
+in the lumber industry was on when he arrived. He wrote: "It is a strike
+to better conditions. The I.W.W. are only the display feature. The main
+body of opinion is from a lot of unskilled workers who are sick of the
+filthy bunk-houses and rotten grub." He wrote later of a conference with
+the big lumbermen, and of how they would not stay on the point but
+"roared over the I.W.W. I told them that condemnation was not a
+solution, or businesslike, but what we wanted was a statement of how
+they were to open their plants. More roars. More demands for troops,
+etc. I said I was a college man, not used to business; but if business
+men had as much trouble as this keeping to the real points involved,
+give me a faculty analysis. They laughed over this and got down to
+business, and in an hour lined up the affair in mighty good shape."
+
+I wish it were proper to go into the details here of the various
+conferences, the telegrams sent to Washington, the replies. Carl wrote:
+"I am saving all the copies for you, as it is most interesting history."
+Each letter would end: "By three days at least I should start back. I am
+getting frantic to be home." Home, for the Parkers, was always where we
+happened to be then. Castle Crags was as much "home" as any place had
+ever been. We had moved fourteen times in ten years: of the eleven
+Christmases we had had together, only two had been in the same place.
+There were times when "home" was a Pullman car. It made no difference.
+One of the strange new feelings I have to get used to is the way I now
+look at places to live in. It used to be that Carl and I, in passing the
+littlest bit of a hovel, would say, "We could be perfectly happy in a
+place like that, couldn't we? Nothing makes any difference if we are
+together." But certain kinds of what we called "cuddly" houses used to
+make us catch our breaths, to think of the extra joy it would be living
+together tucked away in there. Now, when I pass a place that looks like
+that, I have to drop down some kind of a trap-door in my brain, and not
+think at all until I get well by it.
+
+Labor conditions in the Northwest grew worse, strikes more general, and
+finally Carl wrote that he just must be indefinitely on the job. "I am
+so home-sick for you that I feel like packing up and coming. I literally
+feel terribly. But with all this feeling I don't see how I can. Not only
+have I been telegraphed to stay on the job, but the situation is growing
+steadily worse. Last night my proposal (eight-hour day, non-partisan
+complaint and adjustment board, suppression of violence by the state)
+was turned down by the operators in Tacoma. President Suzzallo and I
+fought for six hours but it went down. The whole situation is drifting
+into a state of incipient sympathetic strikes." Later: "This is the most
+bull-headed affair and I don't think it is going to get anywhere." Still
+later: "Things are not going wonderfully in our mediation. Employers
+demanding everything and men granting much but not that." Again: "Each
+day brings a new crisis. Gee, labor is unrestful . . . and gee, the
+pigheadedness of bosses! Human nature is sure one hundred per cent
+psychology." Also he wrote, referring to the general situation at the
+University and in the community: "Am getting absolutely crazy with
+enthusiasm over my job here. . . . It is too vigorous and resultful for
+words." And again: "The mediation between employers and men blew up
+to-day at 4 P.M. and now a host of nice new strikes show on the
+horizon. . . . There are a lot of fine operators but some hard shells."
+Again: "Gee, I'm learning! And talk about material for the Book!"
+
+An article appeared in one of the New York papers recently, entitled
+"How Carleton H. Parker Settled Strikes":--
+
+"It was under his leadership that, in less than a year, twenty-seven
+disputes which concerned Government work in the Pacific Northwest were
+settled, and it was his method to lay the basis for permanent relief as
+he went along. . . .
+
+"Parker's contribution was in the method he used. . . . Labor leaders of
+all sorts would flock to him in a bitter, weltering mass, mouthing the
+set phrases of class-hatred they use so effectually in stirring up
+trouble. They would state their case. And Parker would quietly deduce
+the irritation points that seemed to stand out in the jumbled testimony.
+
+"Then it would be almost laughable to the observer to hear the
+employer's side of the case. Invariably it was just as bitter, just as
+unreasoning, and just as violent, as the statement of their case by the
+workers. Parker would endeavor to find, in all this heap of words, the
+irritation points of the other side.
+
+"But when a study was finished, his diagnosis made, and his prescription
+of treatment completed, Parker always insisted in carrying it straight
+to the workers. And he did not just tell them results. He often took
+several hours, sometimes several meetings of several hours each. In
+these meetings he would go over every detail of his method, from start
+to finish, explaining, answering questions, meeting objections with
+reason. And he always won them over. But, of course, it must be said
+that he had a tremendously compelling personality that carried him far."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIV
+
+
+At the end of August the little family was united again in Seattle.
+Almost the clearest picture of Carl I have is the eager look with which
+he scanned the people stepping out of our car at the station, and the
+beam that lit up his face as he spied us. There is a line in Dorothy
+Canfield's "Bent Twig" that always appealed to us. The mother and father
+were separated for a few days, to the utter anguish of the father
+especially, and he remarked, "It's Hell to be happily married!" Every
+time we were ever separated we felt just that.
+
+In one of Carl's letters from Seattle he had written: "The 'Atlantic
+Monthly' wants me to write an article on the I.W.W.!!" So the first
+piece of work he had to do after we got settled was that. We were
+tremendously excited, and never got over chuckling at some of the
+moss-grown people we knew about the country who would feel outraged at
+the "Atlantic Monthly" stooping to print stuff by that young radical.
+And on such a subject! How we tore at the end, to get the article off on
+time! The stenographer from the University came about two one Sunday
+afternoon. I sat on the floor up in the guest-room and read the
+manuscript to her while she typed it off. Carl would rush down more copy
+from his study on the third floor. I'd go over it while Miss Van Doren
+went over what she had typed. Then the reading would begin again. We
+hated to stop for supper, all three of us were so excited to get the job
+done. It _had_ to be at the main post-office that night by eleven, to
+arrive in Boston when promised. At ten-thirty it was in the envelope,
+three limp people tore for the car, we put Miss Van Doren on,--she was
+to mail the article on her way home,--and Carl and I, knowing this was
+an occasion for a treat if ever there was one, routed out a sleepy
+drug-store clerk and ate the remains of his Sunday ice-cream supply.
+
+I can never express how grateful I am that that article was written and
+published before Carl died. The influence of it ramified in many and the
+most unexpected directions. I am still hearing of it. We expected
+condemnation at the time. There probably was plenty of it, but only one
+condemner wrote. On the other hand, letters streamed in by the score
+from friends and strangers bearing the general message, "God bless you
+for it!"
+
+That article is particularly significant as showing his method of
+approach to the whole problem of the I.W.W., after some two years of
+psychological study.
+
+"The futility of much conventional American social analysis is due to
+its description of the given problem in terms of its relationship to
+some relatively unimportant or artificial institution. Few of the
+current analyses of strikes or labor violence make use of the basic
+standards of human desire and intention which control these phenomena. A
+strike and its demands are usually praised as being law-abiding, or
+economically bearable, or are condemned as being unlawful, or
+confiscatory. These four attributes of a strike are important only as
+incidental consequences. The habit of Americans thus to measure up
+social problems to the current, temporary, and more or less accidental
+scheme of traditions and legal institutions, long ago gave birth to our
+national belief that passing a new law or forcing obedience to an old
+one was a specific for any unrest. The current analysis of the I.W.W.
+and its activities is an example of this perverted and unscientific
+method. The I.W.W. analysis, which has given both satisfaction and a
+basis for treating the organization, runs as follows: the organization
+is unlawful in its activity, un-American in its sabotage, unpatriotic in
+its relation to the flag, the government, and the war. The rest of the
+condemnation is a play upon these three attributes. So proper and so
+sufficient has this condemnatory analysis become, that it is a risky
+matter to approach the problem from another angle. But it is now so
+obvious that our internal affairs are out of gear, that any
+comprehensive scheme of national preparedness would demand that full and
+honest consideration be given to all forces determining the degree of
+American unity, one force being this tabooed organization.
+
+"It would be best to announce here a more or less dogmatic hypothesis to
+which the writer will steadfastly adhere: that human behavior results
+from the rather simple, arithmetical combination of the inherited nature
+of man and the environment in which his maturing years are passed! Man
+will behave according to the hints for conduct which the accidents of
+his life have stamped into his memory mechanism. A slum produces a mind
+which has only slum incidents with which to work, and a spoiled and
+protected child seldom rises to aggressive competitive behavior, simply
+because its past life has stored up no memory imprints from which a
+predisposition to vigorous life can be built. The particular things
+called the moral attributes of man's conduct are conventionally found by
+contrasting this educated and trained way of acting with the exigencies
+and social needs or dangers of the time. Hence, while his immoral or
+unpatriotic behavior may fully justify his government in imprisoning or
+eliminating him when it stands in some particular danger which his
+conduct intensifies, this punishment in no way either explains his
+character or points to an enduring solution of his problem. Suppression,
+while very often justified and necessary in the flux of human
+relationship, always carries a social cost which must be liquidated, and
+also a backfire danger which must be insured against. The human being is
+born with no innate proclivity to crime or special kind of unpatriotism.
+Crime and treason are habit-activities, educated into man by
+environmental influences favorable to their development. . . .
+
+"The I.W.W. can be profitably viewed only as a psychological by-product
+of the neglected childhood of industrial America. It is discouraging to
+see the problem to-day examined almost exclusively from the point of
+view of its relation to patriotism and conventional ventional commercial
+morality. . . .
+
+"It is perhaps of value to quote the language of the most influential of
+the I.W.W. leaders.
+
+"'You ask me why the I.W.W. is not patriotic to the United States. If
+you were a bum without a blanket; if you left your wife and kids when
+you went West for a job, and had never located them since; if your job
+never kept you long enough in a place to qualify you to vote; if you
+slept in a lousy, sour bunk-house, and ate food just as rotten as they
+could give you and get by with it; if deputy sheriffs shot your
+cooking-cans full of holes and spilled your grub on the ground; if your
+wages were lowered on you when the bosses thought they had you down; if
+there was one law for Ford, Suhr, and Mooney, and another for Harry
+Thaw; if every person who represented law and order and the nation beat
+you up, railroaded you to jail, and the good Christian people cheered
+and told them to go to it, how in hell do you expect a man to be
+patriotic? This war is a business man's war and we don't see why we
+should go out and get shot in order to save the lovely state of affairs
+that we now enjoy.'
+
+"The argument was rather difficult to keep productive, because
+gratitude--that material prerequisite to patriotism--seemed wanting in
+their attitude toward the American government. Their state of mind could
+be explained only by referring it, as was earlier suggested, to its
+major relationships. The dominating concern of the I.W.W. is what Keller
+calls the maintenance problem. Their philosophy is, in its simple
+reduction, a stomach-philosophy, and their politico-industrial revolt
+could be called without injustice a hunger-riot. But there is an
+important correction to this simple statement. While their way of living
+has seriously encroached on the urgent minima of nutrition, shelter,
+clothing, and physical health, it has also long outraged the American
+laboring-class traditions touching social life, sex-life, self-dignity,
+and ostentation. Had the food and shelter been sufficient, the revolt
+tendencies might have simmered out, were the migratory labor population
+not keenly sensitive to traditions of a richer psychological life than
+mere physical maintenance."
+
+The temper of the country on this subject, the general closed attitude
+of mind which the average man holds thereon, prompt me to add here a few
+more of Carl's generalizations and conclusions in this article. If only
+he were here, to cry aloud again and yet again on this point! Yet I know
+there are those who sense his approach, and are endeavoring in every way
+possible to make wisdom prevail over prejudice.
+
+"Cynical disloyalty and contempt of the flag must, in the light of
+modern psychology, come from a mind which is devoid of national
+gratitude, and in which the United States stirs no memory of
+satisfaction or happiness. To those of us who normally feel loyal to the
+nation, such a disloyal sentiment brings sharp indignation. As an index
+of our own sentiment and our own happy relations to the nation, this
+indignation has value. As a stimulus to a programme or ethical
+generalization, it is the cause of vast inaccuracy and sad injustice.
+American syndicalism is not a scheming group dominated by an
+unconventional and destructive social philosophy. It is merely a
+commonplace attitude--not such a state of mind as Machiavelli or
+Robespierre possessed, but one stamped by the lowest, most miserable
+labor-conditions and outlook which American industrialism produces. To
+those who have seen at first-hand the life of the western casual
+laborer, any reflections on his gratitude or spiritual buoyancy seem
+ironical humor.
+
+"An altogether unwarranted importance has been given to the syndicalist
+philosophy of the I.W.W. A few leaders use its phraseology. Of these
+few, not half a dozen know the meaning of French syndicalism or English
+guild socialism. To the great wandering rank and file, the I.W.W. is
+simply the only social break in the harsh search for work that they have
+ever had; its headquarters the only competitor of the saloon in which
+they are welcome. . . .
+
+"It is a conventional economic truism that American industrialism is
+guaranteeing to some half of the forty millions of our industrial
+population a life of such limited happiness, of such restrictions on
+personal development, and of such misery and desolation when sickness or
+accident comes, that we should be childish political scientists not to
+see that from such an environment little self-sacrificing love of
+country, little of ethics, little of gratitude could come. It is
+unfortunate that the scientific findings of our social condition must
+use words which sound strangely like the phraseology of the Socialists.
+This similarity, however, should logically be embarrassing to the
+critics of these findings, not to the scientists. Those who have
+investigated and studied the lower strata of American labor have long
+recognized the I.W.W. as purely a symptom of a certain distressing state
+of affairs. The casual migratory laborers are the finished product of an
+economic environment which seems cruelly efficient in turning out human
+beings modeled after all the standards which society abhors. The history
+of the migratory workers shows that, starting with the long hours and
+dreary winters on the farms they ran away from, or the sour-smelling
+bunk-house in a coal village, through their character-debasing
+experience with the drifting 'hire and fire' life in the industries, on
+to the vicious social and economic life of the winter unemployed, their
+training predetermined but one outcome, and the environment produced its
+type.
+
+"The I.W.W. has importance only as an illustration of a stable American
+economic process. Its pitiful syndicalism, its street-corner opposition
+to the war, are the inconsequential trimmings. Its strike alone,
+faithful as it is to the American type, is an illuminating thing. The
+I.W.W., like the Grangers, the Knights of Labor, the Farmers' Alliance,
+the Progressive Party, is but a phenomenon of revolt. The cure lies in
+taking care of its psychic antecedents; the stability of our Republic
+depends on the degree of courage and wisdom with which we move to the
+task."
+
+In this same connection I quote from another article:--
+
+"No one doubts the full propriety of the government's suppressing
+ruthlessly any interference of the I.W.W. with war-preparation. All
+patriots should just as vehemently protest against all suppression of
+the normal protest activities of the I.W.W. There will be neither
+permanent peace nor prosperity in our country till the revolt basis of
+the I.W.W. is removed. And until that is done, the I.W.W. remains an
+unfortunate, valuable symptom of a diseased industrialism."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+I watch, along with many others, the growth of bitterness and hysteria
+in the treatment of labor spreading throughout our country, and I long,
+with many others, for Carl, with his depth and sanity of understanding,
+coupled with his passion for justice and democracy, to be somewhere in a
+position of guidance for these troublous times.
+
+I am reminded here of a little incident that took place just at this
+time. An I.W.W. was to come out to have dinner with us--some other
+friends, faculty people, also were to be there. About noon the telephone
+rang. Carl went. A rich Irish brogue announced: "R---- can't come to
+your party to-night." "Why is that?" "He's pinched. An' he wants t' know
+can he have your Kant's 'Critique of Pure Reason' to read while he's in
+jail."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XV
+
+
+I am forever grateful that Carl had his experience at the University of
+Washington before he died. He left the University of California a young
+Assistant Professor, just one rebellious morsel in a huge machine. He
+found himself in Washington, not only Head of the Department of
+Economics and Dean of the College of Commerce, and a power on the
+campus, but a power in the community as well. He was working under a
+President who backed him in everything to the last ditch, who was keenly
+interested in every ambition he had for making a big thing of his work.
+He at last could see Introductory Economics given as he wanted to have
+it given--realizing at the same time that his plans were in the nature
+of an experiment. The two textbooks used in the first semester were
+McDougall's "Social Psychology" and Wallas's "Great Society." During
+part of the time he pinned the front page of the morning paper on the
+board, and illustrated his subject-matter by an item of news of that
+very day.
+
+His theory of education was that the first step in any subject was to
+awaken a keen interest and curiosity in the student; for that reason he
+felt that pure theory in Economics was too difficult for any but seniors
+or graduates; that, given too soon, it tended only to discourage. He
+allowed no note-taking in any of his courses, insisted on discussion by
+the class, no matter how large it was, planned to do away with written
+examinations as a test of scholarship, substituting instead a short oral
+discussion with each student individually, grading them "passed" and
+"not passed." As it was, because of the pressure of Government work, he
+had to resort to written tests. The proportion of first sections in the
+final examination, which was difficult, was so large that Carl was sure
+the reader must have marked too leniently, and looked over the papers
+himself. His results were the same as the reader's, and, he felt, could
+justifiably be used as some proof of his theory that, if a student is
+interested in the subject, you cannot keep him from doing good work.
+
+I quote here from two letters written by Washington students who had
+been under his influence but five months.
+
+"May I, as only a student, add my inadequate sympathy for the loss of
+Dr. Parker--the most liberal man I have known. While his going from my
+educative life can be nothing as compared to his loss from a very
+beautiful family group, yet the enthusiasm, the radiance of his
+personality--freely given in his classes during the semester I was
+privileged to know him--made possible to me a greater realization of the
+fascination of humanity than I obtained during my previous four years of
+college study. I still look for him to enter the classroom, nor shall I
+soon forget his ideals, his faith in humanity." From the second letter:
+"To have known Mr. Parker as well as I did makes me feel that I was
+indeed privileged, and I shall always carry with me the charm and
+inspiration of his glorious personality. The campus was never so sad as
+on the day which brought the news of his death--it seemed almost
+incredible that one man in five short months could have left so
+indelible an impress of his character on the student body."
+
+Besides being of real influence on the campus, he had the respect and
+confidence of the business world, both labor and capital; and in
+addition, he stood as the representative of the Government in
+labor-adjustments and disputes. And--it was of lesser consequence, but
+oh it _did_ matter--_we had money enough to live on!!_ We had made
+ourselves honestly think that we had just about everything we wanted on
+what we got, plus outside lectures, in California. But once we had
+tasted of the new-found freedom of truly enough; once there was gone
+forever the stirring around to pick up a few extra dollars here and
+there to make both ends meet; once we knew for the first time the
+satisfaction and added joy that come from some responsible person to
+help with the housework--we felt that we were soaring through life with
+our feet hardly touching the ground.
+
+Instead of my spending most of the day in the kitchen and riding herd on
+the young, we had our dropped-straight-from-heaven Mrs. Willard. And see
+what that meant. Every morning at nine I left the house with Carl, and
+we walked together to the University. As I think of those daily walks
+now, arm-in-arm, rain or shine, I'd not give up the memory of them for
+all creation. Carl would go over what he was to talk about that morning
+in Introductory Economics (how it would have raised the hair of the
+orthodox Econ. I teacher!), and of course we always talked some of what
+marvelous children we possessed. Carl would begin: "Tell me some more
+about the June-Bug!"
+
+He would go to his nine o'clock, I to mine. After my ten-o'clock class,
+and on the way to my eleven-o'clock lecture, I always ran in to his
+office a second, to gossip over what mail he had got that morning and
+how things were going generally. Then, at twelve, in his office again.
+"Look at this telegram that just came in." "How shall I answer Mr.
+----'s about that job?" And then home together; not once a week, but
+_every day_.
+
+Afternoons, except the three afternoons when I played hockey, I was at
+home; but always there was a possibility that Carl would ring up about
+five. "I am at a meeting down-town. Can't get things settled, so we
+continue this evening. Run down and have supper with me, and perhaps,
+who knows, a Bill Hart film might be around town!" There was Mrs.
+Willard who knew just what to do, and off I could fly to see my husband.
+You can't, on $1700 a year.
+
+I hear people nowadays scold and roar over the pay the working classes
+are getting, and how they are spending it all on nonsense and not saving
+a cent. I stand it as long as I can and then I burst out. For I, too,
+have tasted the joy of at last being able to get things we never thought
+we would own and of feeling the wings of financial freedom feather out
+where, before, all had been cold calculation: Can we do this? if so,
+what must we give up? I wish every one on earth could feel it. I do not
+care if they do not save a cent.
+
+Only I do wish my Carl could have experienced those joys a little
+longer. It was so good--so good, while it lasted! And it was only just
+starting. Every new call he got to another university was at a salary
+from one to two thousand dollars more than what we were getting, even at
+Seattle. It looked as if our days of financial scrimping were gone
+forever. We even discussed a Ford! nay--even a four-cylinder Buick! And
+every other Sunday we had fricasseed chicken, and always, always a
+frosting on the cake. For the first two months in Seattle we felt as if
+we ought to have company at every meal. It did not seem right to sit
+down to food as good as that, with just the family present. And it was
+such fun to bring home unexpected guests, and to know that Mrs. Willard
+could concoct a dream of a dish while the guests were removing their
+hats; and I not having to miss any of the conversation from being in the
+kitchen. Every other Sunday night we had the whole Department and their
+wives to Sunday supper--sixteen of them. Oh dear, oh dear, money does
+make a difference. We grew more determined than ever to see that more
+folk in the world got more of it.
+
+And yet, in a sense, Carl was a typical professor in his unconcern over
+matters financial. He started in the first month we were married by
+turning over every cent to me as a matter of course; and from the
+beginning of each month to the end, he never had the remotest idea how
+much money we possessed or what it was spent for. So far as his peace of
+mind went, on the whole, he was a capitalist. He knew we needed more
+money than he was making at the University of California, therefore he
+made all he could on the outside, and came home and dumped it in my lap.
+From one year's end to the next, he spent hardly five cents on
+himself--a new suit now and then, a new hat, new shirts at a sale, but
+never a penny that was not essential.
+
+On the rest of us--there he needed a curbing hand! I discovered him
+negotiating to buy me a set of jade when he was getting one hundred
+dollars a month. He would bring home a box of peaches or a tray of
+berries, when they were first in the market and eaten only by bank
+presidents and railway magnates, and beam and say, "Guess what surprise
+I have for you!" Nothing hurt his feelings more than to have him suggest
+I should buy something for myself, and have me answer that we could not
+afford it. "Then I'll dig sewers on the side!" he would exclaim. "You
+buy it, and I'll find the money for it somewhere." If he had turned off
+at an angle of fifty degrees when he first started his earthly career,
+he would have been a star example of the individual who presses the
+palms of his hands together and murmurs, "The Lord will provide!"
+
+I never knew a man who was so far removed from the traditional ideas of
+the proper position of the male head of a household. He felt, as I have
+said, that he was not the one to have control over finances--that was
+the wife's province. Then he had another attitude which certainly did
+not jibe with the Lord-of-the-Manor idea. Perhaps there would be
+something I wanted to do, and I would wait to ask him about it when he
+got home. Invariably the same thing would happen. He would take my two
+hands and put them so that I held his coat-lapels. Then he would place
+his hands on my shoulders, beam all over, eyes twinkling, and say:--
+
+"Who's boss of this household, anyway?"
+
+And I _had_ to answer, "I am."
+
+"Who gets her own way one hundred per cent?"
+
+"I do."
+
+"Who never gets his own way and never wants to get his own way?"
+
+"You."
+
+"Well, then, you know perfectly well you are to do anything in this
+world you want to do." With a chuckle he would add, "Think of it--not a
+look-in in my own home!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Seattle, as I look back on it, meant the unexpected--in every way. Our
+little sprees together were not the planned-out ones of former years.
+From the day Carl left Castle Crags, his time was never his own; we
+could never count on anything from one day to the next--a strike here,
+an arbitration there, government orders for this, some investigation
+needed for that. It was harassing, it was wearying. But always every few
+days there would be that telephone ring which I grew both to dread and
+to love. For as often as it said, "I've got to go to Tacoma," it also
+said, "You Girl, put on your hat and coat this minute and come down town
+while I have a few minutes off--we'll have supper together anyhow."
+
+And the feeling of the courting days never left us--that almost sharp
+joy of being together again when we just locked arms for a block and
+said almost nothing--nothing to repeat. And the good-bye that always
+meant a wrench, always, though it might mean being together within a few
+hours. And always the waving from the one on the back of the car to the
+one standing on the corner. Nothing, nothing, ever got tame. After ten
+years, if Carl ever found himself a little early to catch the train for
+Tacoma, say, though he had said good-bye but a half an hour before and
+was to be back that evening, he would find a telephone-booth and ring up
+to say, perhaps, that he was glad he had married me! Mrs. Willard once
+said that after hearing Carl or me talk to the other over the telephone,
+it made other husbands and wives when they telephoned sound as if they
+must be contemplating divorce. But telephoning was an event: it was a
+little extra present from Providence, as it were.
+
+And I think of two times when we met accidentally on the street in
+Seattle--it seemed something we could hardly believe: all the world--the
+war, commerce, industry--stopped while we tried to realize what had
+happened.
+
+Then, every night that he had to be out,--and he had to be out night
+after night in Seattle,--I would hear his footstep coming down the
+street; it would wake me, though he wore rubber heels. He would fix the
+catch on the front-door lock, then come upstairs, calling out softly,
+"You awake?" He always knew I was. Then, sitting on the edge of the bed,
+he would tell all the happenings since I had seen him last. Once in a
+while he'd sigh and say, "A little ranch up on the Clearwater would go
+pretty well about now, wouldn't it, my girl?" And I would sigh, and say,
+"Oh dear, wouldn't it?"
+
+I remember once, when we were first married, he got home one afternoon
+before I did. When I opened the door to our little Seattle apartment,
+there he was, walking the floor, looking as if the bottom had dropped
+out of the universe. "I've had the most awful twenty minutes," he
+informed me, "simply terrible. Promise me absolutely that never, never
+will you let me get home before you do. To expect to find you home and
+then open the door into empty rooms--oh, I never lived through such a
+twenty minutes!" We had a lark's whistle that we had used since before
+our engaged days. Carl would whistle it under my window at the Theta
+house in college, and I would run down and out the side door, to the
+utter disgust of my well-bred "sisters," who arranged to make cutting
+remarks at the table about it in the hope that I would reform my
+"servant-girl tactics." That whistle was whistled through those early
+Seattle days, through Oakland, through Cambridge, Leipzig, Berlin,
+Heidelberg, Munich, Swanage, Berkeley, Alamo in the country, Berkeley
+again (he would start it way down the hill so I could surely hear),
+Castle Crags, and Seattle. Wherever any of us were in the house, it
+meant a dash for all to the front door--to welcome the Dad home.
+
+One evening I was scanning some article on marriage by the fire in
+Seattle--it was one of those rare times that Carl too was at home and
+going over lectures for the next day. It held that, to be successful,
+marriage had to be an adjustment--a giving in here by the man, there by
+the woman.
+
+I said to Carl: "If that is true, you must have been doing all the
+adjusting; I never have had to give up, or fit in, or relinquish one
+little thing, so you've been doing it all."
+
+He thought for a moment, then answered: "You know, I've heard that too,
+and wondered about it. For I know I've given up nothing, made no
+'adjustments.' On the contrary, I seem always to have been getting more
+than a human being had any right to count on."
+
+It was that way, even to the merest details, such as both liking
+identically the same things to eat, seasoned the identical way. We both
+liked to do the identical things, without a single exception. Perhaps
+one exception--he had a fondness in his heart for firearms that I could
+not share. (The gleam in his eyes when he got out his collection every
+so often to clean and oil it!) I liked guns, provided I did not have to
+shoot at anything alive with them; but pistols I just plain did not like
+at all. We rarely could pass one of these shooting-galleries without
+trying our luck at five cents for so many turns--at clay pigeons or
+rabbits whirling around on whatnots; but that was as wild as I ever
+wanted to get with a gun.
+
+We liked the same friends without exception, the same books, the same
+pictures, the same music. He wrote once: "We (the two of us) love each
+other, like to do things together (absolutely anything), don't need or
+want anybody else, and the world is ours." Mrs. Willard once told me
+that if she had read about our life together in a book, she would not
+have believed it. She did not know that any one on earth could live like
+that. Perhaps that is one reason why I want to tell about it--because it
+was just so plain wonderful day in, day out. I feel, too, that I have a
+complete record of our life. For fourteen years, every day that we were
+not together we wrote to each other, with the exception of two short
+camping-trips that Carl made, where mail could be sent out only by
+chance returning campers.
+
+Somehow I find myself thinking here of our wedding
+anniversaries,--spread over half the globe,--and the joy we got out of
+just those ten occasions. The first one was back in Oakland, after our
+return from Seattle. We still had elements of convention left in us
+then,--or, rather, I still had some; I don't believe Carl had a streak
+of it in him ever,--so we dressed in our very best clothes, dress-suit
+and all, and had dinner at the Key Route Inn, where we had gone after
+the wedding a year before. After dinner we rushed home, I nursed the
+son, we changed into natural clothes, and went to the circus. I had
+misgivings about the circus being a fitting wedding-anniversary
+celebration; but what was one to do when the circus comes to town but
+one night in the year?
+
+The second anniversary was in Cambridge. We always used to laugh each
+year and say: "Gracious! if any one had told us a year ago we'd be here
+this September seventh!" Every year we were somewhere we never dreamed
+we would be. That first September seventh, the night of the wedding, we
+were to be in Seattle for years--selling bonds. What a fearful prospect
+in retrospect, compared to what we really did! The second September,
+back in Oakland, we thought we were to be in the bond business for years
+in Oakland. More horrible thoughts as I look back upon it. The third
+September seventh, the second anniversary, lo and behold, was in
+Cambridge, Massachusetts! Whoever would have guessed it, in all the
+world? It was three days after Carl's return from that awful Freiburg
+summer--we left Nandy with a kind-hearted neighbor, and away we spreed
+to Boston, to the matinee and something good to eat.
+
+Then, whoever would have imagined for a moment that the next year we
+would be celebrating in Berlin--dinner at the Cafe Rheingold, with wine!
+The fourth anniversary was at Heidelberg--one of the red-letter days, as
+I look back upon those magic years. We left home early, with our lunch,
+which we ate on a bed of dry leaves in a fairy birch forest back--and a
+good ways up--in the Odenwald. Then we walked and walked--almost
+twenty-five miles all told--through little forest hamlets, stopping now
+and then at some small inn along the roadside for a cheese sandwich or
+a glass of beer. By nightfall we reached Neckarsteinach and the
+railroad, and prowled around the twisted narrow streets till train-time,
+gazing often at our beloved Dilsberg crowning the hilltop across the
+river, her ancient castle tower and town walls showing black against the
+starlight. The happiness, the foreign untouristed wonder of that day!
+
+Our fifth anniversary was another red-letter day--one of the days that
+always made me feel, in looking back on it, that we must have been
+people in a novel, an English novel; that it could not really have been
+Carl and I who walked that perfect Saturday from Swanage to Studland.
+But it was our own two joyous souls who explored that quaint English
+thatched-roof, moss-covered corner of creation; who poked about the wee
+old mouldy church and cemetery; who had tea and muffins and jam out
+under an old gnarled apple tree behind a thatched-roof cottage. What a
+wonder of a day it was! And indeed it was my Carl and I who walked the
+few miles home toward sunset, swinging hands along the downs, and fairly
+speechless with the glory of five years married and England and our
+love. I should like to be thinking of that day just before I die. It was
+so utterly perfect, and so ours.
+
+Our sixth anniversary was another, yes, yet another red-letter
+memory--one of those times that the world seemed to have been leading up
+to since it first cooled down. We left our robust sons in the care of
+our beloved aunt, Elsie Turner,--this was back in Berkeley,--and one
+Saturday we fared forth, plus sleeping-bags, frying-pan, fishing-rod,
+and a rifle. We rode to the end of the Ocean Shore Line--but first got
+off the train at Half Moon Bay, bought half a dozen eggs from a
+lonely-looking female, made for the beach, and fried said eggs for
+supper. Then we got back on another train, and stepped off at the end of
+the line, in utter darkness. We decided that somewhere we should find a
+suitable wooded nook where we could sequester ourselves for the night.
+We stumbled along until we could not see another inch in front of us for
+the dark and the thick fog; so made camp--which meant spreading out two
+bags--in what looked like as auspicious a spot as was findable. When we
+opened our eyes to the morning sunlight, we discovered we were on a
+perfectly barren open ploughed piece of land, and had slept so near the
+road that if a machine passing along in the night had skidded out a bit
+to the side, it would have removed our feet.
+
+That day, Sunday, was our anniversary, and the Lord was with us early
+and late, though not obtrusively. We got a farmer out of bed to buy some
+eggs for our breakfast. He wanted to know what we were doing out so
+early, anyhow. We told him, celebrating our sixth wedding anniversary.
+Whereat he positively refused to take a cent for the eggs--wedding
+present, he said. Around noon we passed a hunter, who stopped to chat,
+and ended by presenting us with a cotton-tail rabbit to cook for dinner.
+And such a dinner!--by a bit of a stream up in the hills. That
+afternoon, late, we stumbled on a deserted farmhouse almost at the
+summit--trees laden with apples and the ground red with them, pears and
+a few peaches for the picking, and a spring of ice-cold water with one
+lost fat trout in it that I tried for hours to catch by fair means or
+foul; but he merely waved his tail slowly, as if to say, "One wedding
+present you don't get!" We slept that night on some hay left in an old
+barn--lots of mice and gnawy things about; but I could not get nearly as
+angry at a gnawy mouse as at a fat conceited trout who refused to be
+caught.
+
+Next day was a holiday, so we kept on our way rejoicing, and slept that
+night under great redwoods, beside a stream where trout had better
+manners. After a fish breakfast we potted a tin can full of holes with
+the rifle, and then bore down circuitously and regretfully on Redwood
+City and the Southern Pacific Railway, and home and college and dishes
+to wash and socks to darn--but uproarious and joyful sons to compensate.
+
+The seventh anniversary was less exciting, but that could not be helped.
+We were over in Alamo, with my father, small brother, and sister
+visiting us at the time--or rather, of course, the place was theirs to
+begin with. There was no one to leave the blessed sons with; also, Carl
+was working for the Immigration and Housing Commission, and no holidays.
+But he managed to get home a bit early; we had an early supper, got the
+sons in bed, hitched up the old horse to the old cart, and off we fared
+in the moonlight, married seven years and not sorry. We just poked
+about, ending at Danville with Danville ice-cream and Danville pumpkin
+pie; then walked the horse all the way back to Alamo and home.
+
+Our eighth anniversary, as mentioned, was in our very own home in
+Berkeley, with the curtains drawn, the telephone plugged, and our Europe
+spread out before our eyes.
+
+The ninth anniversary was still too soon after the June-Bug's arrival
+for me to get off the hill and back, up our two hundred and seventeen
+steps home, so we celebrated under our own roof again--this time with a
+roast chicken and ice-cream dinner, and with the entire family
+participating--except the June-Bug, who did almost nothing then but
+sleep. I tell you, if ever we had chicken, the bones were not worth
+salvaging by the time we got through. We made it last at least two
+meals, and a starving torn cat would pass by what was left with a
+scornful sniff.
+
+Our tenth and last anniversary was in Seattle. Carl had to be at Camp
+Lewis all day, but he got back in time to meet me at six-thirty in the
+lobby of the Hotel Washington. From there we went to our own favorite
+place--Blanc's--for dinner. Shut away behind a green lattice
+arbor-effect, we celebrated ten years of joy and riches and deep
+contentment, and as usual asked ourselves, "What in the world shall we
+be doing a year from now? Where in the world shall we be?" And as usual
+we answered, "Bring the future what it may, we have _ten years_ that no
+power in heaven or earth can rob us of!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There was another occasion in our lives that I want to put
+down in black and white, though it does not come under wedding
+anniversaries. But it was such a celebration! "Uncle Max" 'lowed that
+before we left Berkeley we must go off on a spree with him, and
+suggested--imagine!--Del Monte! The twelve-and-a-half-cent Parkers at
+Del Monte! That was one spot we had never seen ourselves even riding by.
+We got our beloved Nurse Balch out to stay with the young, and when a
+brand-new green Pierce Arrow, about the size of our whole living-room,
+honked without, we were ready, bag and baggage, for a spree such as we
+had never imagined ourselves having in this world or the next. We called
+for the daughter of the head of the Philosophy Department. Max had said
+to bring a friend along to make four; so, four, we whisked the dust of
+Berkeley from our wheels and--presto--Del Monte!
+
+Parents of three children, who do most of their own work besides, do not
+need to be told in detail what those four days meant. Parents of three
+children know what the hours of, say, seven to nine mean, at home; nor
+does work stop at nine. It is one mad whirl to get the family ears
+washed and teeth cleaned, and "Chew your mush!" and "Wipe your mouth!"
+and "Where's your speller?" and "Jim, come back here and put on your
+rubbers!" ("Where are my rubbers?" Ach Gott! where?) Try six times to
+get the butcher--line busy. Breakfast dishes to clear up; baby to bathe,
+dress, feed. Count the laundry. Forget all about the butcher until
+fifteen minutes before dinner. Laundry calls. Telephone rings seven
+times. Neighbor calls to borrow an egg. Telephone the milkman for a
+pound of butter. Make the beds,--telephone rings in the middle,--two
+beds do not get made till three. Start lunch. Wash the baby's clothes.
+Telephone rings three times while you are in the basement. Rice burns.
+Door-bell--gas and electric bill. Telephone rings. Patch boys' overalls.
+Water-bill. Stir the pudding. Telephone rings. Try to read at least the
+table of contents of the "New Republic." Neighbor calls to return some
+flour. Stir the pudding again. Mad stamping up the front steps. Sons
+home. Forget to scrape their feet. Forget to take off their rubbers.
+Dad's whistle. Hurray! Lunch.--Let's stop about here, and return to Del
+Monte.
+
+This is where music would help. The Home _motif_ would be--I do not know
+those musical terms, but a lot of jumpy notes up and down the piano,
+fast and never catching up. Del Monte _motif_ slow, lazy melody--ending
+with dance-music for night-time. In plain English, what Del Monte meant
+was a care-free, absolutely care-free, jaunt into another world. It was
+not our world,--we could have been happy forever did we never lay eyes
+on Del Monte,--and yet, oh, it was such fun! Think of lazing in bed till
+eight or eight-thirty, then taking a leisurely bath, then dressing and
+deliberately using up time doing it--put one shoe on and look at it a
+spell; then, when you are good and ready, put on the next. Just feeling
+sort of spunky about it--just wanting to show some one that time is
+nothing to you--what's the hurry?
+
+Then--oh, what _motif_ in music could do a Del Monte breakfast justice?
+Just yesterday you were gulping down a bite, in between getting the
+family fed and off. Here you were, holding hands under the table to make
+sure you were not dreaming, while you took minutes and minutes to eat
+fruit and mush and eggs and coffee and waffles, and groaned to think
+there was still so much on the menu that would cost you nothing to keep
+on consuming, but where, oh, where, put it? After rocking a spell in the
+sun on the front porch, the green Pierce Arrow appears, and all honk off
+for the day--four boxes of picnic lunch stowed away by a gracious
+waiter; not a piece of bread for it did you have to spread yourself.
+Basking in the sun under cypress trees, talking over every subject under
+heaven; back in time for a swim, a rest before dinner; then dinner (why,
+oh, why has the human such biological limitations?). Then a concert,
+then dancing, then--crowning glory of an unlimited bank-account--Napa
+soda lemonade--and bed. Oh, what a four days!
+
+In thinking over the intimate things of our life together, I have
+difficulty in deciding what the finest features of it were. There was so
+much that made it rich, so much to make me realize I was blessed beyond
+any one else, that I am indebted to the world forever for the color that
+living with Carl Parker gave to existence. Perhaps one of the most
+helpful memories to me now is the thought of his absolute faith in me.
+From the time we were first in love, it meant a new zest in life to know
+that Carl firmly believed there was nothing I could not do. For all that
+I hold no orthodox belief in immortality, I could no more get away from
+the idea that, if I fail in anything now--why I _can't_ fail--think of
+Carl's faith in me! About four days before he died, he looked up at me
+once as I was arranging his pillow and said, so seriously, "You know,
+there isn't a university in the country that wouldn't give you your
+Ph.D. without your taking an examination for it." He was delirious, it
+is true; but nevertheless it expressed, though indeed in a very
+exaggerated form, the way he had of thinking I was somebody! I knew
+there was no one in the world like him, but I had sound reasons for
+that. Oh, but it is wonderful to live with some one who thinks you are
+wonderful! It does not make you conceited, not a bit, but it makes a
+happy singing feeling in your heart to feel that the one you love best
+in the world is proud of you. And there is always the incentive of
+vowing that some day you will justify it all.
+
+The fun of dressing for a party in a hand-me-down dress from some
+relative, knowing that the one you want most to please will honestly
+believe; and say on the way home, that you were the best-looking one at
+the party! The fun of cooking for a man who thinks every dish set before
+him is the best food he _ever_ ate--and not only say it, but act that
+way. ("That was just a sample. Give me a real dish of it, now that I
+know it's the best pudding I ever tasted!")
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVI
+
+
+As soon as the I.W.W. article was done, Carl had to begin on his paper
+to be read before the Economic Association, just after Christmas, in
+Philadelphia. That was fun working over. "Come up here and let me read
+you this!" And we'd go over that much of the paper together. Then more
+reading to Miss Van Doren, more correctings, finally finishing it just
+the day before he had to leave. But that was partly because he had to
+leave earlier than expected. The Government had telegraphed him to go on
+to Washington, to mediate a threatened longshoremen's strike. Carl
+worked harder over the longshoremen than over any other single labor
+difficulty, not excepting the eight-hour day in lumber. Here again I do
+not feel free to go into details. The matter was finally, at Carl's
+suggestion, taken to Washington.
+
+The longshoremen interested Carl for the same reason that the migratory
+and the I.W.W. interested him; in fact, there were many I.W.W. among
+them. It was the lower stratum of the labor-world--hard physical labor,
+irregular work, and, on the whole, undignified treatment by the men set
+over them. And they reacted as Carl expected men in such a position to
+react. Yet, on the side of the workers, he felt that in this particular
+instance it was a case of men being led by stubborn egotistical union
+delegates not really representing the wishes of the rank and file of
+union members, their main idea being to compromise on nothing. On the
+other hand, be it said that he considered the employers he had to deal
+with here the fairest, most open-minded, most anxious to compromise in
+the name of justice, of all the groups of employers he ever had to deal
+with. The whole affair was nerve-racking, as is best illustrated by the
+fact that, while Carl was able to hold the peace as long as he was on
+the job, three days after his death the situation "blew up."
+
+On his way East he stopped off in Spokane, to talk with the lumbermen
+east of the mountains. There, at a big meeting, he was able to put over
+the eight-hour day. The Wilson Mediation Commission was in Seattle at
+the time. Felix Frankfurter telephoned out his congratulations to me,
+and said: "We consider it the single greatest achievement of its kind
+since the United States entered the war." The papers were full of it and
+excitement ran high. President Wilson was telegraphed to by the Labor
+Commission, and he in turn telegraphed back his pleasure. In addition,
+the East Coast lumbermen agreed to Carl's scheme of an employment
+manager for their industry, and detailed him to find a man for the job
+while in the East. My, but I was excited!
+
+Not only that, but they bade fair to let him inaugurate a system which
+would come nearer than any chance he could have expected to try out on a
+big scale his theories on the proper handling of labor. The men were to
+have the sanest recreation devisable for their needs and
+interests--out-of-door sports, movies, housing that would permit of
+dignified family life, recreation centres, good and proper food,
+alteration in the old order of "hire and fire," and general control over
+the men. Most employers argued: "Don't forget that the type of men we
+have in the lumber camps won't know how to make use of a single reform
+you suggest, and probably won't give a straw for the whole thing." To
+which Carl would reply: "Don't forget that your old conditions have
+drawn the type of man you have. This won't change men over-night by a
+long shot, but it will at once relieve the tension--and see, in five
+years, if your type itself has not undergone a change."
+
+From Washington, D.C., he wrote: "This city is one mad mess of men,
+desolate, and hunting for folks they should see, overcharged by hotels,
+and away from their wives." The red-letter event of Washington was when
+he was taken for tea to Justice Brandeis's. "We talked I.W.W.,
+unemployment, etc., and he was oh, so grand!" A few days later, two days
+before Christmas, Mrs. Brandeis telephoned and asked him for Christmas
+dinner! That was a great event in the Parker annals--Justice Brandeis
+having been a hero among us for some years. Carl wrote: "He is all he is
+supposed to be and more." He in turn wrote me after Carl's death: "Our
+country shares with you the great loss. Your husband was among the very
+few Americans who possessed the character, knowledge, and insight which
+are indispensable in dealing effectively with our labor-problem.
+Appreciation of his value was coming rapidly, and events were enforcing
+his teachings. His journey to the East brought inspiration to many; and
+I seek comfort in the thought that, among the students at the
+University, there will be some at least who are eager to carry forward
+his work."
+
+There were sessions with Gompers, Meyer Bloomfield, Secretary Baker,
+Secretary Daniels, the Shipping Board, and many others.
+
+Then, at Philadelphia, came the most telling single event of our
+economic lives--Carl's paper before the Economic Association on "Motives
+in Economic Life." At the risk of repeating to some extent the ideas
+quoted from previous papers, I shall record here a few statements from
+this one, as it gives the last views he held on his field of work.
+
+"Our conventional economics to-day analyzes no phase of industrialism or
+the wage-relationship, or citizenship in pecuniary society, in a manner
+to offer a key to such distressing and complex problems as this. Human
+nature riots to-day through our economic structure, with ridicule and
+destruction; and we economists look on helpless and aghast. The menace
+of the war does not seem potent to quiet revolt or still class cries.
+The anxiety and apprehension of the economist should not be produced by
+this cracking of his economic system, but by the poverty of the
+criticism of industrialism which his science offers. Why are economists
+mute in the presence of a most obvious crisis in our industrial society?
+Why have our criticisms of industrialism no sturdy warnings about this
+unhappy evolution? Why does an agitated officialdom search to-day in
+vain among our writings, for scientific advice touching
+labor-inefficiency or industrial disloyalty, for prophecies and plans
+about the rise in our industrialism of economic classes unharmonious and
+hostile?
+
+"The fair answer seems this: We economists speculate little on human
+motives. We are not curious about the great basis of fact which dynamic
+and behavioristic psychology has gathered to illustrate the instinct
+stimulus to human activity. Most of us are not interested to think of
+what a psychologically full or satisfying life is. We are not curious to
+know that a great school of behavior analysis called the Freudian has
+been built around the analysis of the energy outbursts brought by
+society's balking of the native human instincts. Our economic literature
+shows that we are but rarely curious to know whether industrialism is
+suited to man's inherited nature, or what man in turn will do to our
+rules of economic conduct in case these rules are repressive. The
+motives to economic activity which have done the major service in
+orthodox economic texts and teachings have been either the vague
+middle-class virtues of thrift, justice, and solvency, or the equally
+vague moral sentiments of 'striving for the welfare of others,' 'desire
+for the larger self,' 'desire to equip one's self well,' or, lastly, the
+labor-saving deduction that man is stimulated in all things economic by
+his desire to satisfy his wants with the smallest possible effort. All
+this gentle parody in motive theorizing continued contemporaneously with
+the output of the rich literature of social and behavioristic
+psychology which was almost entirely addressed to this very problem of
+human motives in modern economic society. Noteworthy exceptions are the
+remarkable series of books by Veblen, the articles and criticisms of
+Mitchell and Patten, and the most significant small book by Taussig,
+entitled 'Inventors and Money-makers.' It is this complementary field of
+psychology to which the economists must turn, as these writers have
+turned, for a vitalization of their basic hypotheses. There awaits them
+a bewildering array of studies of the motives, emotions, and folkways of
+our pecuniary civilization. Generalizations and experiment statistics
+abound, ready-made for any structure of economic criticism. The human
+motives are isolated, described, compared. Business confidence, the
+release of work-energy, advertising appeal, market vagaries, the basis
+of value computations, decay of workmanship, the labor unrest, decline
+in the thrift habit, are the subjects treated.
+
+"All human activity is untiringly actuated by the demand for realization
+of the instinct wants. If an artificially limited field of human
+endeavor be called economic life, all its so-called motives hark
+directly back to the human instincts for their origin. _There are, in
+truth, no economic motives as such._ The motives of economic life are
+the same as those of the life of art, of vanity and ostentation, of war
+and crime, of sex. Economic life is merely the life in which instinct
+gratification is alleged to take on a rational pecuniary habit form. Man
+is not less a father, with a father's parental instinct, just because he
+passes down the street from his home to his office. His business raid
+into his rival's market has the same naive charm that tickled the heart
+of his remote ancestor when in the night he rushed the herds of a
+near-by clan. A manufacturer tries to tell a conventional world that he
+resists the closed shop because it is un-American, it loses him money,
+or it is inefficient. A few years ago he was more honest, when he said
+he would run his business as he wished and would allow no man to tell
+him what to do. His instinct of leadership, reinforced powerfully by his
+innate instinctive revulsion to the confinement of the closed shop, gave
+the true stimulus. His opposition is psychological, not ethical."
+
+He then goes on to catalogue and explain the following instincts which
+he considered of basic importance in any study of economics: (1)
+gregariousness; (2) parental bent, motherly behavior, kindliness; (3)
+curiosity, manipulation, workmanship; (4) acquisition, collecting,
+ownership; (5) fear and flight; (6) mental activity, thought; (7) the
+housing or settling instinct; (8) migration, homing; (9) hunting
+("Historic revivals of hunting urge make an interesting recital of
+religious inquisitions, witch-burnings, college hazings, persecution of
+suffragettes, of the I.W.W., of the Japanese, or of pacifists. All this
+goes on often under naive rationalization about justice and patriotism,
+but it is pure and innate lust to run something down and hurt it"); (10)
+anger, pugnacity; (11) revolt at confinement, at being limited in
+liberty of action and choice; (12) revulsion; (13) leadership and
+mastery; (14) subordination, submission; (15) display, vanity,
+ostentation; (166) sex.
+
+After quoting from Professor Cannon, and discussing the contributions
+that his studies have made to the subject of man's reaction to his
+immediate environment, he continues:--
+
+"The conclusion seems both scientific and logical, that behavior in
+anger, fear, pain, and hunger is a basically different behavior from
+behavior under repose and economic security. The emotions generated
+under the conditions of existence-peril seem to make the emotions and
+motives generative in quiet and peace pale and unequal. It seems
+impossible to avoid the conclusion that the most vital part of man's
+inheritance is one which destines him to continue for some myriads of
+years ever a fighting animal when certain conditions exist in his
+environment. Though, through education, man be habituated in social and
+intelligent behavior or, through license, in sexual debauchery, still,
+at those times when his life or liberty is threatened, his
+instinct-emotional nature will inhibit either social thought or sex
+ideas, and present him as merely an irrational fighting animal. . . .
+
+"The instincts and their emotions, coupled with the obedient body, lay
+down in scientific and exact description the motives which must and will
+determine human conduct. If a physical environment set itself against
+the expression of these instinct motives, the human organism is fully
+and efficiently prepared for a tenacious and destructive revolt against
+this environment; and if the antagonism persist, the organism is ready
+to destroy itself and disappear as a species if it fail of a psychical
+mutation which would make the perverted order endurable."
+
+And in conclusion, he states:--
+
+"The dynamic psychology of to-day describes the present civilization as
+a repressive environment. For a great number of its inhabitants a
+sufficient self-expression is denied. There is, for those who care to
+see, a deep and growing unrest and pessimism. With the increase in
+knowledge is coming a new realization of the irrational direction of
+economic evolution. The economists, however, view economic inequality
+and life-degradation as objects in truth outside the science. Our
+value-concept is a price-mechanism hiding behind a phrase. If we are to
+play a part in the social readjustment immediately ahead, we must put
+human nature and human motives into our basic hypotheses. Our
+value-concept must be the yardstick to measure just how fully things and
+institutions contribute to a full psychological life. We must know more
+of the meaning of progress. The domination of society by one economic
+class has for its chief evil the thwarting of the instinct life of the
+subordinate class and the perversion of the upper class. The extent and
+characteristics of this evil are to be estimated only when we know the
+innate potentialities and inherited propensities of man; and the
+ordering of this knowledge and its application to the changeable
+economic structure is the task before the trained economist to-day."
+
+A little later I saw one of the big men who was at that Economic
+Association meeting, and he said: "I don't see why Parker isn't
+spoiled. He was the most talked-about man at the Convention." Six
+publishing houses wrote, after that paper, to see if he could enlarge it
+into a book. Somehow it did seem as if now more than ever the world was
+ours. We looked ahead into the future, and wondered if it could seem as
+good to any one as it did to us. It was almost _too_ good--we were dazed
+a bit by it. It is one of the things I just cannot let myself ever think
+of--that future and the plans we had. Anything I can ever do now would
+still leave life so utterly dull by comparison.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVII
+
+
+One of the days in Seattle that I think of most was about a month before
+the end. The father of a great friend of ours died, and Carl and I went
+to the funeral one Sunday afternoon. We got in late, so stood in a
+corner by the door, and held hands, and seemed to own each other
+especially hard that day. Afterwards we prowled around the streets,
+talking of funerals and old age.
+
+Most of the people there that afternoon were gray-haired--the family had
+lived in Seattle for years and years, and these were the friends of
+years and years back. Carl said: "That is something we can't have when
+you and I die--the old, old friends who have stood by us year in and
+year out. It is one of the phases of life you sacrifice when you move
+around at the rate we do. But in the first place, neither of us wants a
+funeral, and in the second place, we feel that moving gives more than it
+takes away--so we are satisfied."
+
+Then we talked about our own old age--planned it in detail. Carl
+declared: "I want you to promise me faithfully you will make me stop
+teaching when I am sixty. I have seen too much of the tragedy of men
+hanging on and on and students and education being sacrificed because
+the teacher has lost his fire--has fallen behind in the parade. I feel
+now as if I'd never grow old--that doesn't mean that I won't. So, no
+matter how strong I may be going at sixty, make me stop--promise."
+
+Then we discussed our plans: by that time the children would be looking
+out for themselves,--very much so,--and we could plan as we pleased. It
+was to be England--some suburb outside of London, where we could get
+into big things, and yet where we could be peaceful and by ourselves,
+and read and write, and have the young economists who were traveling
+about, out to spend week-ends with us; and then we could keep our
+grandchildren while their parents were traveling in Europe! About a
+month from that day, he was dead.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is a path I must take daily to my work at college, which passes
+through the University Botanical Garden. Every day I must brace myself
+for it, for there, growing along the path, is a clump of old-fashioned
+morning glories. Always, from the time we first came back to teach in
+Berkeley and passed along that same path to the University, we planned
+to have morning glories like those--the odor came to meet you yards
+away--growing along the path to the little home we would at last settle
+down in when we were old. We used always to remark pictures in the
+newspapers, of So-and-so on their "golden anniversary," and would plan
+about our own "golden wedding-day"--old age together always seemed so
+good to think about. There was a time when we used to plan to live in a
+lighthouse, way out on some point, when we got old. It made a strong
+appeal, it really did. We planned many ways of growing old--not that we
+talked of it often, perhaps twice a year, but always, always it was, of
+course, _together_. Strange, that neither of us ever dreamed one would
+grow old without the other.
+
+And yet, too, there is the other side. I found a letter written during
+our first summer back in Berkeley, just after we had said good-bye at
+the station when Carl left for Chicago. Among other things he wrote: "It
+just makes me feel bad to see other folks living put-in lives, when we
+two (four) have loved through Harvard and Europe and it has only
+commenced, and no one is loving so hard or living so happily. . . . I am
+most willing to die now (if you die with me), for we have lived one
+complete life of joy already." And then he added--if only the adding of
+it could have made it come true: "But we have fifty years yet of love."
+
+Oh, it was so true that we packed into ten years the happiness that
+could normally be considered to last a lifetime--a long lifetime.
+Sometimes it seems almost as if we must have guessed it was to end so
+soon, and lived so as to crowd in all the joy we could while our time
+together was given us. I say so often that I stand right now the richest
+woman in the world--why talk of sympathy? I have our three precious,
+marvelously healthy children, I have perfect health myself, I have all
+and more than I can handle of big ambitious maturing plans, with a
+chance to see them carried out, I have enough to live on, and, greatest
+of all, fifteen years of perfect memories--And yet, to hear a snatch of
+a tune and know that the last time you heard it you were
+together--perhaps it was the very music they played as you left the
+theatre arm-in-arm that last night; to put on a dress you have not worn
+for some time and remember that, when you last had it on, it was the
+night you went, just the two of you, to Blanc's for dinner; to meet
+unexpectedly some friend, and recall that the last time you saw him it
+was that night you two, strolling with hands clasped, met him on Second
+Avenue accidentally, and chatted on the corner; to come across
+a necktie in a trunk, to read a book he had marked, to see his
+handwriting--perhaps just the address on an old baggage-check--Oh, one
+can sound so much braver than one feels! And then, because you have
+tried so hard to live up to the pride and faith he had in you, to be
+told: "You know I am surprised that you haven't taken Carl's death
+harder. You seem to be just the same exactly."
+
+What is _seeming_? Time and time again, these months, I have thought,
+what do any of us know about what another person _feels_? A smile--a
+laugh--I used to think of course they stood for happiness. There can be
+many smiles, much laughter, and it means--nothing. But surely anything
+is kinder for a friend to see than tears!
+
+When Carl returned from the East in January, he was more rushed than
+ever--his time more filled than ever with strike mediations, street-car
+arbitrations, cost of living surveys for the Government, conferences on
+lumber production. In all, he had mediated thirty-two strikes, sat on
+two arbitration boards, made three cost-of-living surveys for the
+Government. (Mediations did gall him--he grew intellectually impatient
+over this eternal patching up of what he was wont to call "a rotten
+system." Of course he saw the war-emergency need of it just then, but
+what he wanted to work on was, why were mediations ever necessary? what
+social and economic order would best ensure absence of friction?)
+
+On the campus work piled up. He had promised to give a course on
+Employment Management, especially to train men to go into the lumber
+industries with a new vision. (Each big company east of the mountains
+was to send a representative.) It was also open to seniors in college,
+and a splendid group it was, almost every one pledged to take up
+employment management as their vocation on graduation--no fear that they
+would take it up with a capitalist bias. Then--his friends and I had to
+laugh, it was so like him--the afternoon of the morning he arrived, he
+was in the thick of a scrap on the campus over a principle he held to
+tenaciously--the abolition of the one-year modern-language requirement
+for students in his college. To use his own expression, he "went to the
+bat on it," and at a faculty meeting that afternoon it carried. He had
+been working his little campaign for a couple of months, but in his
+absence in the East the other side had been busy. He returned just in
+time for the fray. Every one knows what a farce one year of a modern
+language is at college; even several of the language teachers themselves
+were frank enough to admit it. But it was an academic tradition! I
+think the two words that upset Carl most were "efficiency" and
+"tradition"--both being used too often as an excuse for practices that
+did more harm than good.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+And then came one Tuesday, the fifth of March. He had his hands full all
+morning with the continued threatened upheavals of the longshoremen.
+About noon the telephone rang--threatened strike in all the flour-mills;
+Dr. Parker must come at once. (I am reminded of a description which was
+published of Carl as a mediator. "He thought of himself as a physician
+and of an industry on strike as the patient. And he did not merely ease
+the patient's pain with opiates. He used the knife and tried for
+permanent cures.") I finally reached him by telephone; his voice sounded
+tired, for he had had a very hard morning. By one o'clock he was working
+on the flour-mill situation. He could not get home for dinner. About
+midnight he appeared, having sat almost twelve hours steadily on the new
+flour-difficulty. He was "all in," he said.
+
+The next morning, one of the rare instances in our years together, he
+claimed that he did not feel like getting up. But there were four
+important conferences that day to attend to, besides his work at
+college. He dressed, ate breakfast, then said he felt feverish. His
+temperature was 102. I made him get back into bed--let all the
+conferences on earth explode. The next day his temperature was 105.
+"This has taught us our lesson--no more living at this pace. I don't
+need two reminders that I ought to call a halt." Thursday, Friday, and
+Saturday he lay there, too weary to talk, not able to sleep at all
+nights; the doctor coming regularly, but unable to tell just what the
+trouble was, other than a "breakdown."
+
+Saturday afternoon he felt a little better; we planned then what we
+would do when he got well. The doctor had said that he should allow
+himself at least a month before going back to college. One month given
+to us! "Just think of the writing I can get done, being around home with
+my family!" There was an article for Taussig half done to appear in the
+"Quarterly Journal of Economics," a more technical analysis of the
+I.W.W. than had appeared in the "Atlantic Monthly"; he had just begun a
+review for the "American Journal of Economics" of Hoxie's
+"Trade-Unionism." Then he was full of ideas for a second article he had
+promised the "Atlantic"--"Is the United States a Nation?"--"And think of
+being able to see all I want of the June-Bug!"
+
+Since he had not slept for three nights, the doctor left powders which I
+was to give him for Saturday night. Still he could not sleep. He thought
+that, if I read aloud to him in a monotonous tone of voice, he could
+perhaps drop off. I got a high-school copy of "From Milton to Tennyson,"
+and read every sing-songy poem I could find--"The Ancient Mariner"
+twice, hardly pronouncing the words as I droned along. Then he began to
+get delirious.
+
+It is a very terrifying experience--to see for the first time a person
+in a delirium, and that person the one you love most on earth. All night
+long I sat there trying to quiet him--it was always some mediation, some
+committee of employers he was attending. He would say: "I am so
+tired--can't you people come to some agreement, so that I can go home
+and sleep?"
+
+At first I would say: "Dearest, you must be quiet and try to go to
+sleep."--"But I can't leave the meeting!" He would look at me in such
+distress. So I learned my part, and at each new discussion he would get
+into, I would suggest: "Here's Will Ogburn just come--he'll take charge
+of the meeting for you. You come home with me and go to sleep." So he
+would introduce Will to the gathering, and add: "Gentlemen, my wife
+wants me to go home with her and go to sleep--good-bye." For a few
+moments he would be quiet. Then, "O my Lord, something to investigate!
+What is it this time?" I would cut in hastily: "The Government feels
+next week will be plenty of time for this investigation." He would look
+at me seriously. "Did you ever know the Government to give you a week's
+time to begin?" Then, "Telegrams--more telegrams! Nobody keeps their
+word, nobody."
+
+About six o'clock in the morning I could wait no longer and called the
+doctor. He pronounced it pneumonia--an absolutely different case from
+any he had ever seen: no sign of it the day before, though it was what
+he had been watching for all along. Every hospital in town was full. A
+splendid trained nurse came at once to the house--"the best nurse in
+the whole city," the doctor announced with relief.
+
+Wednesday afternoon the crisis seemed to have passed. That whole evening
+he was himself, and I--I was almost delirious from sheer joy. To hear
+his dear voice again just talking naturally! He noticed the nurse for
+the first time. He was jovial--happy. "I am going to get some fun out of
+this now!" he smiled. "And oh, won't we have a time, my girl, while I am
+convalescing!" And we planned the rosiest weeks any one ever planned.
+Thursday the nurse shaved him--he not only joked and talked like his
+dear old self--he looked it as well. (All along he had been
+cheerful--always told the doctor he was "feeling fine"; never complained
+of anything. It amused the doctor so one morning, when he was leaning
+over listening to Carl's heart and lungs, as he lay in more or less of a
+doze and partial delirium. A twinkle suddenly came into Carl's eye. "You
+sprung a new necktie on me this morning, didn't you?" Sure enough, it
+was new.)
+
+Thursday morning the nurse was preparing things for his bath in another
+room and I was with Carl. The sun was streaming in through the windows
+and my heart was too contented for words. He said: "Do you know what
+I've been thinking of so much this morning? I've been thinking of what
+it must be to go through a terrible illness and not have some one you
+loved desperately around. I say to myself all the while: 'Just think, my
+girl was here all the time--my girl will be here all the time!' I've
+lain here this morning and wondered more than ever what good angel was
+hovering over me the day I met you."
+
+I put this in because it is practically the last thing he said before
+delirium came on again, and I love to think of it. He said really more
+than that.
+
+In the morning he would start calling for me early--the nurse would try
+to soothe him for a while, then would call me. I wanted to be in his
+room at night, but they would not let me--there was an unborn life to be
+thought of those days, too. As soon as I reached his bed, he would clasp
+my hand and hold it oh, so tight. "I've been groping for you all
+night--all night! Why _don't_ they let me find you?" Then, in a moment,
+he would not know I was there. Daytimes I had not left him five minutes,
+except for my meals. Several nights they had finally let me be by him,
+anyway. Saturday morning for the first time since the crisis the doctor
+was encouraged. "Things are really looking up," and "You go out for a
+few moments in the sun!"
+
+I walked a few blocks to the Mudgetts' in our department, to tell them
+the good news, and then back; but my heart sank to its depths again as
+soon as I entered Carl's room. The delirium always affected me that way:
+to see the vacant stare in his eyes--no look of recognition when I
+entered.
+
+The nurse went out that afternoon. "He's doing nicely," was the last
+thing she said. She had not been gone half an hour--it was just
+two-fifteen--and I was lying on her bed watching Carl, when he called,
+"Buddie, I'm going--come hold my hand." O my God--I dashed for him, I
+clung to him, I told him he could not, must not go--we needed him too
+terribly, we loved him too much to spare him. I felt so sure of it, that
+I said: "Why, my love is enough to _keep_ you here!"
+
+He would not let me leave him to call the doctor. I just knelt there
+holding both his hands with all my might, talking, talking, telling him
+we were not going to let him go. And then, at last, the color came back
+into his face, he nodded his head a bit, and said, "I'll stay," very
+quietly. Then I was able to rush for the stairs and tell Mrs. Willard to
+telephone for the doctor. Three doctors we had that afternoon. They
+reported the case as "dangerous, but not absolutely hopeless." His
+heart, which had been so wonderful all along, had given out. That very
+morning the doctor had said: "I wish my pulse was as strong as that!"
+and there he lay--no pulse at all. They did everything: our own doctor
+stayed till about ten, then left, with Carl resting fairly easily. He
+lived only a block away.
+
+About one-thirty the nurse had me call the doctor again. I could see
+things were going wrong. Once Carl started to talk rather loud. I tried
+to quiet him and he said: "Twice I've pulled and fought and struggled to
+live just for you [one of the times had been during the crisis]. Let me
+just talk if I want to. I can't make the fight a third time--I'm so
+tired."
+
+Before the doctor could get there, he was dead.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+With our beliefs what they were, there was only one thing to be done. We
+had never discussed it in detail, but I felt absolutely sure I was
+doing as he would have me do. His body was cremated, without any service
+whatsoever--nobody present but one of his brothers and a great friend.
+The next day the two men scattered his ashes out on the waters of Puget
+Sound. I feel it was as he would have had it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Out of your welded lives--welded in spirit and in the comradeship that
+you had in his splendid work--you know everything that I could say.
+
+"I grieve for you deeply--and I rejoice for any woman who, for even a
+few short years, is given the great gift in such a form."
+
+
+THE END
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's An American Idyll, by Cornelia Stratton Parker
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