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diff --git a/old/14529-8.txt b/old/14529-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9c4e525 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/14529-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1196 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Old English Physiologus, by Albert S. Cook + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Old English Physiologus + +Author: Albert S. Cook + +Release Date: December 30, 2004 [EBook #14529] + +Language: English and Old English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE OLD ENGLISH PHYSIOLOGUS *** + + + + +Produced by David Starner, Ben Beasley and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: This text contains some special characters, +including a, e, i, o, u, y, and æ with macrons, which are represented by +[=a],[=e], [=i], [=o], [=u], [=y], and [=æ], respectively, and the oe +ligature, which has been split into two letters.] + + + + +YALE STUDIES IN ENGLISH +ALBERT S. COOK, EDITOR +LXIII + + +THE +OLD ENGLISH PHYSIOLOGUS + + +TEXT AND PROSE TRANSLATION +BY +ALBERT STANBURROUGH COOK +Professor of the English Language and Literature in Yale University + + +VERSE TRANSLATION +BY +JAMES HALL PITMAN +Fellow in English of Yale University + + +NEW HAVEN: YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS +LONDON: HUMPHREY MILFORD +OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS +MDCCCXXI + + +[FACSIMILE] + + + + +PREFACE + + +The Old English _Physiologus_, or _Bestiary_, is a series of three brief +poems, dealing with the mythical traits of a land-animal, a sea-beast, +and a bird respectively, and deducing from them certain moral or +religious lessons. These three creatures are selected from a much larger +number treated in a work of the same name which was compiled at +Alexandria before 140 B.C., originally in Greek, and afterwards +translated into a variety of languages--into Latin before 431. The +standard form of the _Physiologus_ has 49 chapters, each dealing with a +separate animal (sometimes imaginary) or other natural object, beginning +with the lion, and ending with the ostrich; examples of these are the +pelican, the eagle, the phoenix, the ant (cf. Prov. 6.6), the fox, the +unicorn, and the salamander. In this standard text, the Old English +poems are represented by chapters 16, 17, and 18, dealing in succession +with the panther, a mythical sea-monster called the asp-turtle (usually +denominated the whale), and the partridge. Of these three poems, the +third is so fragmentary that little is left except eight lines of +religious application, and four of exhortation by the poet, so that the +outline of the poem, and especially the part descriptive of the +partridge, must be conjecturally restored by reference to the treatment +in the fuller versions, which are based upon Jer. 17.11 (the texts drawn +upon for the application in lines 5-11 are 2 Cor. 6.17,18; Isa. 55.7; +Heb. 2.10,11). + +It has been said: 'With the exception of the Bible, there is perhaps no +other book in all literature that has been more widely current in every +cultivated tongue and among every class of people.' Such currency might +be illustrated from many English authors. Two passages from Elizabethan +literature may serve as specimens--the one from Spenser, the other from +Shakespeare. The former is from the _Faerie Queene_ (1. 11.34): + + At last she saw, where he upstarted brave + Out of the well, wherein he drenched lay; + As Eagle fresh out of the Ocean wave, + Where he hath left his plumes all hoary gray, + And deckt himselfe with feathers youthly gay, + Like Eyas hauke up mounts unto the skies, + His newly budded pineons to assay, + And marveiles at himselfe, still as he flies: + So new this new-borne knight to battell new did rise. + +The other is from _Hamlet_ (Laertes to the King): + + To his good friends thus wide I'll ope my arms; + And like the kind life-rendering pelican, + Repast them with my blood.[1] + +However widely diffused, the symbolism exemplified by the _Physiologus_ +is peculiarly at home in the East. Thus Egypt symbolized the sun, with +his death at night passing into a rebirth, by the phoenix, which, by a +natural extension, came to signify the resurrection. And the Bible not +only sends the sluggard to the ant, and bids men consider the lilies of +the field, but with a large sweep commands (Job 12.7,8): 'Ask now the +beasts, and they shall teach thee; and the fowls of the air, and they +shall tell thee; or speak to the earth, and it shall teach thee; and the +fishes of the sea shall declare unto thee.' + +[Footnote 1: Alfred de Musset, in _La Nuit de Mai_, develops the image +of the pelican through nearly thirty lines.] + +The text as here printed is extracted from my edition, _The Old English +Elenc, Phoenix, and Physiologus_ (Yale University Press, 1919), where a +critical apparatus may be found; here it may be sufficient to say that +Italic letters in square brackets denote my emendations, and Roman +letters those of previous editors. The translations have not hitherto +been published, and no complete ones are extant in any language, save +those contained in Thorpe's edition of the _Codex Exoniensis_, which +appeared in 1842. The long conjectural passage in the _Partridge_ is due +wholly to Mr. Pitman. + + A.S.C. + +March 27, 1921. + + + + +PHYSIOLOGUS + + + + +[**Transcriber's note: The following texts have been split into small +sections based on the pagination of the original. These sections +alternate as follows, each section being separated from its neighbors by +rows of asterisks: Old English verse; Modern English verse translation; +Modern English prose translation. While this fragments each version, it +facilitates comparison in parallel.] + + +I + +THE PANTHER + + + Monge sindon geond middangeard + unr[=i]mu cynn, [_þ[=a]ra_] þe w[=e] æþelu ne magon + ryhte [=a]reccan n[=e] r[=i]m witan; + þæs w[=i]de sind geond wor[_u_]l[d] innan +5 fugla and d[=e]ora foldhr[=e]rendra + wornas widsceope, sw[=a] wæter bib[=u]geð + þisne beorhtan b[=o]sm, brim grymetende, + sealt[=y]pa geswing. + W[=e] bi sumum h[=y]rdon + wr[=æ]tl[=i]c[_um_] gecynd[_e_] wildra secgan, +10 f[=i]rum fr[=e]am[=æ]rne, feorlondum on, + eard weardian, [=e]ðles n[=e]otan, + æfter d[=u]nscrafum. Is þæt d[=e]or Pandher + bi noman h[=a]ten, þæs þe niþþa bear[n], + + * * * * * + + Of living creatures many are the kinds + Throughout the world--unnumbered, since no man + Can count their multitudes, nor rightly learn + The ways of their wild nature; wide they roam, + These beasts and birds, as far as ocean sets + A limit to the earth, embracing her + And all her sunny fields with salty seas + And toss of roaring billows. + We have heard + From men of wider lore of one wild beast, + Wonderful dweller in a far-off land + Renowned of men, who loves his native glens + And dusky caverns. Him have wise men called + + * * * * * + +Many, yea numberless, are the tribes throughout the world whose natures +we can not rightly expound nor their multitudes reckon, so immense are +the swarms of birds and earth-treading animals wherever water, the +roaring ocean, the surge of salt billows, encompasses the smiling bosom +of earth. + +We have heard about one marvelous kind of wild beast which inhabits, in +lands far off, a domain renowned among men, rejoicing there in his home +amid the mountain-caves. This beast is called panther, as the learned + + * * * * * + + w[=i]sfæste weras, on gewritum c[=y]þa[_ð_] +15 bi þ[=a]m [=a]nstapan. + S[=e] is [=æ][_g_]hw[=a]m fr[=e]ond, + duguða [=e]stig, b[=u]tan dracan [=a]num; + þ[=a]m h[=e] in ealle t[=i]d andwr[=a]ð leofaþ, + þurh yfla gehwylc þe h[=e] geæfnan mæg. + Ðæt is wr[=æ]tl[=i]c d[=e]or, wundrum sc[=y]ne, +20 h[=i]wa gehwylces. Sw[=a] hæleð secgað, + g[=æ]sth[=a]lge guman, þætte I[=o]s[=e]phes + tunece w[=æ]re telga gehwylces + bl[=e]om bregdende, þ[=a]ra beorhtra gehwylc, + [=æ]ghwæs [=æ]nl[=i]cra, [=o]þrum l[=i]xte +25 dryhta bearnum, sw[=a] þæs d[=e]ores h[=i]w, + bl[=æ]c, brigda gehwæs, beorhtra and sc[=y]nra + wundrum l[=i]xeð, þætte wr[=æ]tl[=i]cra + [=æ]ghwylc [=o]þrum, [=æ]nl[=i]cra g[=i]en + and f[=æ]gerra, frætwum bl[=i]ceð, +30 symle sell[=i]cra. + H[=e] hafað sundorgecynd, + + * * * * * + + The panther, and in books have told of him, + The solitary rover. + He is kind, + A bounteous friend to every living thing + Save one alone, the dragon; but with him + The panther ever lives at enmity, + Employing every means within his power + To work him evil. + Fair is he, full bright + And wonderful of hue. The holy scribes + Tell us how Joseph's many-colored coat, + Gleaming with varying dyes of every shade, + Brilliant, resplendent, dazzled all men's eyes + That looked upon it. So the panther's hues + Shine altogether lovely, marvelous, + While each fair color in its beauty glows + Ever more rare and charming than the rest. + His wondrous character is mild, and free + + * * * * * + +among the children of men report in their books concerning that lonely +wanderer. + +He is a friend, bountiful in kindness, to every one save only the +dragon; with him he always lives at enmity by means of every injury he +can inflict. + +He is a bewitching animal, marvelously beautiful with every color. Just +as, according to men holy in spirit, Joseph's coat was variegated with +hues of every shade, each shining before the sons of men brighter and +more perfect than another, so does the color of this beast blaze with +every diversity, gleaming in wondrous wise so clear and fair that each +tint is ever lovelier than the next, glows more enchanting in its +splendor, more rare, more beauteous, and more strange. + +He has a nature all his own, so gentle and so calm is + + * * * * * + + milde, gemetfæst. H[=e] is monþw[=æ]re, + lufsum and l[=e]oftæl: nele l[=a]þes wiht + [=æ][ng]um geæfnan b[=u]tan þ[=a]m [=a]ttorsceaþan, + his fyrngeflitan, þe ic [=æ]r fore sægde. +35 Symle, fylle fægen, þonne f[=o]ddor þigeð, + æfter þ[=a]m gereordum ræste s[=e]ceð, + d[=y]gle st[=o]we under d[=u]nscrafum; + ð[=æ]r se þ[=e]o[d]wiga þr[=e]onihta fæc + swifeð on swe[_o_]fote, sl[=æ]pe gebiesga[d]. +40 Þonne ellenr[=o]f [=u]p [=a]stondeð, + þrymme gewelga[d], on þone þriddan dæg, + sn[=e]ome of sl[=æ]pe. Sw[=e]ghl[=e]oþor cymeð, + w[=o]þa wynsumast, þurh þæs wildres m[=u]ð; + æfter pære stefne stenc [=u]t cymeð +45 of þ[=a]m wongstede-- wynsumra st[=e]am, + sw[=e]ttra and sw[=i]þra, swæcca gehwylcum, + wyrta bl[=o]stmum and wudubl[=e]dum, + eallum æþel[=i]cra eorþan frætw[um]. + + * * * * * + + From all disturbing passion. Gracious, kind, + And full of love, he meditates no harm + But to that venomous foe, as I have told, + His ancient enemy. + Once he has rejoiced + His heart with feasting, straight he finds a nook + Hidden among dim caves, his resting-place. + There three nights' space, in deepest slumber wrapped, + The people's champion lies. Then, stout of heart, + The third day he arises fresh from sleep, + Endowed with glory. From the creature's mouth + Issues a melody of sweetest strains; + And close upon the voice a balmy scent + Fills all the place--an incense lovelier, + Sweeter, and abler to perfume the air, + Than any odor of an earthly flower + Or scent of woodland fruit, more excellent + + * * * * * + +it. Kind, attractive, and friendly, he has no thought of doing harm to +any save the envenomed foe, his ancient adversary of whom I spoke. + +When, delighting in a feast, he has partaken of food, ever at the end of +the meal he betakes himself to his resting-place, a hidden retreat among +the mountain-caves; there the champion of his race, overcome by sleep, +abandons himself to slumber for the space of three nights. Then the +dauntless one, replenished with vigor, straightway arises from sleep +when the third day has come. A melody, the most ravishing of strains, +flows from the wild beast's mouth; and, following the music, there +issues a fragrance from the place--a fume more transporting, sweet, and +strong than any odor whatever, than blossoms of plants or fruits of the +forest, choicer + + * * * * * + + Þonne of ceastrum and cynest[=o]lum +50 and of burgsalum beornþr[=e]at monig + farað foldwegum folca þr[=y]þum; + [=e]oredcystum, ofestum gef[=y]sde, + dareðl[=a]cende --d[=e]or [s]w[=a] some-- + æfter þ[=æ]re stefne on þone stenc farað. +55 Sw[=a] is Dryhten God, dr[=e]ama R[=æ]dend, + eallum [=e]aðm[=e]de [=o]þrum gesceaftum, + duguða gehwylcre, b[=u]tan dracan [=a]num, + [=a]ttres ordfruman-- þæt is se ealda f[=e]ond + þone h[=e] ges[=æ]lde in s[=u]sla grund, +60 and gefetrade f[=y]rnum t[=e]agum, + biþeahte þr[=e]an[=y]dum; and þ[=y] þriddan dæge + of d[=i]gle [=a]r[=a]s, þæs þe h[=e] d[=e]að fore [=u]s + þr[=e]o niht þolade, Þ[=e]oden engla, + sigora Sellend. Þæt wæs sw[=e]te stenc, +65 wlitig and wynsum, geond woruld ealle. + Siþþan t[=o] þ[=a]m swicce s[=o]ðfæste men, + + * * * * * + + Than all this world's adornments. Then from town + And palace, then from castle-hall, come forth + Along the roads great troops of hurrying men-- + The very beasts come also; all press on + Toward that sweet odor, when the voice is stilled. + Such as this creature is the Lord our God, + Giver of joys, to all creation kind, + To men benignant, save alone to him, + The dragon, author of all wickedness, + Satan, the ancient adversary whom, + Fettered with fire, shackled with dire constraint, + Into the pit of torments God cast down. + The third day Christ arose from out the grave, + For three nights having suffered death for us, + He, Lord of angels, he in whom alone + Is hope of overcoming. Far and wide + The tidings spread, like perfume fresh and sweet, + Through all the world. Then to that fragrance thronged + + * * * * * + +than aught that clothes the earth with beauty. Thereupon from cities, +courts, and castle-halls many companies of heroes flock along the +highways of earth; the wielders of the spear press forward in hurrying +throngs to that perfume--and so also do animals--when once the music has +ceased. + +Even so the Lord God, the Giver of joy, is gracious to all creatures, to +every order of them, save only the dragon, the source of venom, that +ancient enemy whom he bound in the abyss of torments; shackling him with +fiery fetters, and loading him with dire constraints, he arose from +darkness on the third day after he, the Lord of angels, the Bestower of +victory, had for three nights endured death on our behalf. That was a +sweet perfume throughout the world, winsome and entrancing. Henceforth, + + * * * * * + + on healfa gehwone, h[=e]apum þrungon + geond ealne ymbhwyrft eorþan sc[=e]at[a]. + Sw[=a] se snottra gecwæð Sanctus Paulus: +70 'Monigfealde sind geond middangeard + g[=o]d ungn[=y]ðe þe [=u]s t[=o] giefe d[=æ]leð + and t[=o] feorhnere Fæder ælmihtig, + and se [=a]nga Hyht ealra gesceafta + uppe ge niþre.' Þæt is æþele stenc. + + * * * * * + + From every side all men whose hearts were true, + Throughout the regions of the circled earth. + Thus spoke the wise St. Paul: 'In all the world + His gifts are many, which he gives to us + For our salvation with unstinting hand, + Almighty Father, he, the only Hope + Of all in heaven or here below on earth.' + This is that noble fragrance, rare and sweet, + Which draws all men to seek it from afar. + + * * * * * + +through the whole extent of earth's regions, righteous men have streamed +in multitudes from every side to that fragrance. As said the wise St. +Paul: 'Manifold over the world are the lavish bounties which the Father +almighty, the Hope of all creatures above and below, bestows on us as +grace and salvation.' That, too, is a sweet odor. + + + + +II + +THE WHALE (ASP-TURTLE) + + + N[=u] ic fitte g[=e]n ymb fisca cynn + wille w[=o]ðcræfte wordum c[=y]þan + þurh m[=o]dgemynd, bi þ[=a]m miclan hwale. + S[=e] bið unwillum oft gem[=e]ted, +5 fr[=e]cne and fer[_h_]ðgrim, fareðl[=a]cendum, + niþþa gehwylcum; þ[=a]m is noma cenned, + fyr[ge]nstr[=e]ama geflotan, Fastitocalon. + Is þæs h[=i]w gel[=i]c hr[=e]ofum st[=a]ne, + swylce w[=o]rie bi wædes [=o]fre, +10 sondbeorgum ymbseald, s[=æ]r[=y]rica m[=æ]st, + sw[=a] þæt w[=e]naþ w[=æ]gl[=i]þende + þæt h[=y] on [=e]alond sum [=e]agum wl[=i]ten; + and þonne geh[=y]d[_i_]að h[=e]ahstefn scipu + t[=o] þ[=a]m unlonde oncyrr[=a]pum, +15 s[_[=æ]_]laþ s[=æ]mearas sundes æt ende, + + * * * * * + + Now will I spur again my wit, and use + Poetic skill to weave words into song, + Telling of one among the race of fish, + The great asp-turtle. Men who sail the sea + Often unwillingly encounter him, + Dread preyer on mankind. His name we know, + The ocean-swimmer, Fastitocalon. + Dun, like rough stone in color, as he floats + He seems a heaving bank of reedy grass + Along the shore, with rolling dunes behind, + So that sea-wanderers deem their gaze has found + An island. Boldly then their high-prowed ships + They moor with cables to that shore, a land + That is no land. Still floating on the waves, + Their ocean-coursers curvet at the marge; + + * * * * * + +This time I will with poetic art rehearse, by means of words and wit, a +poem about a kind of fish, the great sea-monster which is often +unwillingly met, terrible and cruel-hearted to seafarers, yea, to every +man; this swimmer of the ocean-streams is known as the asp-turtle. + +His appearance is like that of a rough boulder, as if there were tossing +by the shore a great ocean-reedbank begirt with sand-dunes, so that +seamen imagine they are gazing upon an island, and moor their +high-prowed ships with cables to that false land, make fast the +ocean-coursers at the sea's end, and, bold of heart, climb up + + * * * * * + + and þonne in þæt [=e]glond [=u]p gew[=i]tað + collenfer[_h_]þe; c[=e]olas stondað + bi staþe fæste str[=e]ame biwunden. + Ðonne gew[=i]ciað w[=e]rigfer[_h_]ðe, +20 faroðl[=a]cende, fr[=e]cnes ne w[=e]nað. + On þ[=a]m [=e]alonde [=æ]led weccað, + h[=e]ah fyr [=æ]lað. Hæleþ b[=e]oþ on wynnum, + r[=e]onigm[=o]de, ræste gel[y]ste. + Þonne gef[=e]leð f[=a]cnes cræftig +25 þæt him þ[=a] f[=e]rend on fæste wuniaþ, + w[=i]c weardiað, wedres on luste, + ðonne semninga on sealtne w[=æ]g + mid þ[=a] n[=o]þe niþer gew[=i]teþ, + g[=a]rsecges gæst, grund ges[=e]ceð, +30 and þonne in d[=e]aðsele drence bifæsteð + scipu mid scealcum. + Sw[=a] bið scinn[_en_]a þ[=e]aw, + d[=e]ofla w[=i]se, þæt h[=i] droht[i]ende + þurh dyrne meaht duguðe besw[=i]cað, + and on teosu tyhtaþ tilra d[=æ]da, +35 w[=e]mað on willan, þæt h[=y] wraþe s[=e]cen, + + * * * * * + + The weary-hearted sailors mount the isle, + And, free from thought of peril, there abide. + Elated, on the sands they build a fire, + A mounting blaze. There, light of heart, they sit-- + No more discouraged--eager for sweet rest. + Then when the crafty fiend perceives that men, + Encamped upon him, making their abode, + Enjoy the gentle weather, suddenly + Under the salty waves he plunges down, + Straight to the bottom deep he drags his prey; + He, guest of ocean, in his watery haunts + Drowns ships and men, and fast imprisons them + Within the halls of death. + Such is the way + Of demons, devils' wiles: to hide their power, + And stealthily inveigle heedless men, + Inciting them against all worthy deeds, + And luring them to seek for help and comfort + + * * * * * + +on that island; the vessels stand by the beach, enringed by the flood. +The weary-hearted sailors then encamp, dreaming not of peril. + +On the island they start a fire, kindle a mounting flame. The dispirited +heroes, eager for repose, are flushed with joy. Now when the cunning +plotter feels that the seamen are firmly established upon him, and have +settled down to enjoy the weather, the guest of ocean sinks without +warning into the salt wave with his prey (?), and makes for the bottom, +thus whelming ships and men in that abode of death. + +Such is the way of demons, the wont of devils: they spend their lives in +outwitting men by their secret power, inciting them to the corruption of +good deeds, misguiding + + * * * * * + + fr[=o]fre t[=o] f[=e]ondum, oþþæt hy fæste ð[=æ]r + æt þ[=a]m w[=æ]rlogan w[=i]c gec[=e]osað. + Þonne þæt gecn[=a]weð of cwics[=u]sle + fl[=a]h f[=e]ond gem[=a]h, þætte f[=i]ra gehwylc +40 hæleþa cynnes on his hringe biþ + fæste gef[=e]ged, h[=e] him feorgbona, + þurh sl[=i]þen searo, siþþan weorþeð, + wloncum and h[=e]anum þe his willan h[=e]r + firenum fremmað; mid þ[=a]m h[=e] f[=æ]ringa, +45 heoloþhelme biþeaht, helle s[=e]ceð, + g[=o]da g[=e]asne, grundl[=e]asne wylm + under mistgl[=o]me, sw[=a] se micla hwæl + se þe bisenceð s[=æ]l[=i]þende + eorlas and [=y]ðmearas. + H[=e] hafað [=o]þre gecynd, +50 wæterþisa wlonc, wr[=æ]tl[=i]cran g[=i]en. + Þonne hine on holme hunger bysgað, + and þone [=a]gl[=æ]can [=æ]tes lysteþ, + ðonne se mereweard m[=u]ð ont[=y]neð, + + * * * * * + + From unsuspected foes, until at last + They choose a dwelling with the faithless one. + Then, when the fiend, by crafty malice stirred, + From where hell's torments bind him fast, perceives + That men are firmly set in his domain, + With treachery unspeakable he hastes + To snare and to destroy the lives of those, + Both proud and lowly, who in sin perform + His will on earth. Donning the mystic helm + Of darkness, with his prey he speeds to hell, + The place devoid of good--all misty gloom, + Where broods a sullen lake, black, bottomless, + Just as the monster, Fastitocalon, + Destroys seafarers, overwhelming men + And staunch-built ships. + Another trait he has, + This proud sea-swimmer, still more marvelous. + When hunger grips the monster on the deep, + Making him long for food, his gaping mouth + The ocean-warder opens, stretching wide + + * * * * * + +them at will so that they seek help and support from fiends, until they +end by making their fixed abode with the betrayer. When, from out his +living torture, the crafty, malicious enemy perceives that any one is +firmly settled within his domain, he proceeds, by his malignant wiles, +to become the slayer of that man, be he rich or poor, who sinfully does +his will; and, covered by his cap of darkness, suddenly betakes himself +with them to hell, where naught of good is found, a bottomless abyss +shrouded in misty gloom--like that monster which engulfs the +ocean-traversing men and ships. + +This proud tosser of the waves has another and still more wonderful +trait. When hunger plagues him on the deep, and the monster longs for +food, this haunter of the sea opens his mouth, and sets his lips agape; + + * * * * * + + w[=i]de weleras; cymeð wynsum stenc +55 of his innoþe, þætte [=o]þre þurh þone, + s[=æ]fisca cynn, beswicen weorðaþ. + Swimmað sundhwate þ[=æ]r se sw[=e]ta stenc + [=u]t gew[=i]t[e]ð. H[=i] þ[=æ]r in farað, + unware weorude, oþþæt se w[=i]da ceafl +60 gefylled bið; þonne f[=æ]ringa + ymbe þ[=a] hereh[=u]þe hlemmeð t[=o]gædre + grimme g[=o]man. + Sw[=a] biþ gumena gehw[=a]m + se þe oftost his unwærl[=i]ce, + on þ[=a]s l[=æ]nan t[=i]d, l[=i]f bisc[=e]awað: +65 l[=æ]teð hine besw[=i]can þurh sw[=e]tne stenc, + l[=e]asne willan, þæt h[=e] biþ leahtrum f[=a]h + wið Wuldorcyning. Him se [=a]wyrgda ong[=e]an + æfter hins[=i]þe helle ont[=y]neð, + þ[=a]m þe l[=e]asl[=i]ce l[=i]ces wynne +70 ofer ferh[ð]gereaht fremedon on unr[=æ]d. + Þonne se f[=æ]cna in þ[=a]m fæstenne + gebr[=o]ht hafað, bealwes cræftig, + + * * * * * + + His monstrous lips; and from his cavernous maw + Sends an entrancing odor. This sweet scent, + Deceiving other fishes, lures them on + In swiftly moving schools toward that fell place + Whence comes the perfume. There, unwary host, + They enter in, until the yawning mouth + Is filled to overflowing, when, at once, + Trapping their prey, the fearful jaws snap shut. + So, in this fleeting earthly time, each man + Who orders heedlessly his mortal life + Lets a sweet odor, some beguiling wish, + Entice him, so that in the eyes of God, + The King of glory, his iniquities + Make him abhorrent. After death for him + The all-accursed devil opens hell-- + Opens for all who in their folly here + Let pleasures of the body overcome + Their spirits' guidance. When the wily fiend + Into his hold beside the fiery lake + + * * * * * + +whereupon there issues a ravishing perfume from his inwards, by which +other kinds of fish are beguiled. With lively motions they swim to where +the sweet odor comes forth, and there enter in, a heedless host, until +the wide gorge is full; then, in one instant, he snaps his fierce jaws +together about the swarming prey. + +Thus it is with any one who, in this fleeting time, full oft neglects to +take heed to his life, and allows himself to be enticed by sweet +fragrance, a lying lure, so that he becomes hostile to the King of glory +by reason of his sins. The accursed one will, when they die, throw wide +the doors of hell to those who, in their folly, have wrought the +treacherous delights of the body, contrary to the wise guidance of the +soul. When the deceiver, skilful in wrongdoing, hath brought into that +fastness, + + * * * * * + + æt þ[=a]m [_[=a]_]dwylme, þ[=a] þe him on cleofiað, + gyltum gehrodene, and [=æ]r georne his +75 in hira l[=i]fdagum l[=a]rum h[=y]rdon, + þonne he þ[=a] grimman g[=o]man bihlemmeð, + æfter feorhcwale, fæste t[=o]gædre, + helle hlinduru. N[=a]gon hwyrft n[=e] swice, + [=u]ts[=i]þ [=æ]fre, þ[=a] [_þe_] þ[=æ]r in cumað, +80 þon m[=a] þe þ[=a] fiscas, faraðl[=a]cende, + of þæs hwæles fenge hweorfan m[=o]tan. + Forþon is eallinga . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + dryhtna Dryhtne, and [=a] d[=e]oflum wiðsace +85 wordum and weorcum, þæt w[=e] Wuldorcyning + ges[=e]on m[=o]ton. Uton [=a] sibbe t[=o] him, + on þ[=a]s hw[=i]lnan t[=i]d, h[=æ]lu s[=e]can, + þæt w[=e] mid sw[=a] l[=e]ofne in lofe m[=o]tan + t[=o] w[=i]dan feore wuldres n[=e]otan. + + * * * * * + + With evil craft has led those erring ones + Who cleave to him, sore laden with their sins, + Those who in earthly life have hearkened well + To his instruction, after death close shut + He snaps those woful jaws, the gates of hell. + Whoever enters there has no relief, + Nor may he any more escape his doom + And thence depart, than can the swimming fish + Elude the monster. + Therefore it is [best + And[1]] altogether [right for each of us + To serve and honor God,[1]] the Lord of lords, + And always in our every word and deed + To combat devils, that we may at last + Behold the King of glory. In this time + Of transitory things, then, let us seek + Peace and salvation from him, that we may + Rejoice for ever in so dear a Lord, + And praise his glory everlastingly. + +[Footnote 1: Conjecturally supplied.] + + * * * * * + +the lake of fire, those that cleave to him and are laden with guilt, +such as had eagerly followed his teachings in the days of their life, he +then, after their death, snaps tight together his fierce jaws, the gates +of hell. They who enter there have neither relief nor escape, no means +of flight, any more than the fishes that swim the sea can escape from +the clutch of the monster. + +Therefore is it by all means [best for every one of us to serve[1]] the +Lord of lords, and strive against devils with words and works, that so +we may come to behold the King of glory. Let us ever, now in this +fleeting time, seek from him grace and salvation, that so with the +Beloved we may in worship enjoy the bliss of heaven for evermore. + +[Footnote 1: Conjecturally supplied.] + + * * * * * + + + + +III + +THE PARTRIDGE[1] + + + H[=y]rde ic secgan g[=e]n bi sumum fugle + wundorl[=i]cne[2]. . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f[=æ]ger + þæt word þe gecwæð wuldres Ealdor: +5 'In sw[=a] hwylce tiid sw[=a] g[=e] mid tr[=e]owe t[=o] m[=e] + on hyge hweorfað, and g[=e] hellfirena + sweartra gesw[=i]cað, sw[=a] ic symle t[=o] [=e]ow + mid siblufan s[=o]na gecyrre + þurh milde m[=o]d; g[=e] b[=e]oð m[=e] siþþan + +[Footnote 1: The partridge (like the cuckoo) broods the eggs of other +birds. When they are hatched and grown, they fly off to their true +parents. So men may turn from the devil, who has wrongfully gained +possession of them, to their heavenly Father, who will receive them as +his children.] + +[Footnote 2: Gap in the manuscript, probably of considerable length.] + + * * * * * + + About another creature have I heard + A wondrous [tale.] [There is] a bird [men call + The partridge. Strange is she, unlike all birds + In field or wood who brood upon their eggs, + Hatching their young. The partridge lays no eggs, + Nor builds a dwelling; but instead, she steals + The well-wrought nests of others. There she sits, + Warming a stranger brood, until at last + The eggs are hatched. But when the stolen chicks + Are fledged, they straightway fly away to seek + Their proper kin, and leave the partridge there + Forsaken. In such wise the devil works + To steal the souls of those whose youthful minds + Or foolish hearts in vain resist his wiles. + But when they reach maturer age, they see + They are true children of the Lord of lords. + Then they desert the lying fiend, and seek + Their rightful Father, who with open arms + Receives them, as he long since promised them.[1]] + Fair is that word the Lord of glory spoke: + 'In such time as you turn with faithful hearts + To me, and put away your hellish sins, + Abominable to me, then will I turn + To you in love for ever, for my heart + Is mild and gracious. Thenceforth you shall be + +[Footnote 1: Conjecturally supplied, on the basis of other versions.] + + * * * * * + +So, too, I have heard tell a wondrous [tale[1]] about a certain bird.[2] +... fair the word[3] spoken by the King of glory: 'At whatsoever time ye +turn to me with faith in your soul, and forsake the black iniquities of +hell, I will turn straightway to you with love, in the gentleness of my +heart; and thenceforth ye shall be reckoned to + +[Footnote 1: Conjecturally supplied.] + +[Footnote 2: Gap in the manuscript, probably of considerable length.] + +[Footnote 3: Cf. 2 Cor. 6.17,18; Isa. 55.7; Heb. 2.10,11.] + + * * * * * + +10 torhte, t[=i]r[=e]adge, talade and r[=i]mde, + beorhte gebr[=o]þor on bearna st[=æ]l.' + Uton w[=e] þ[=y] geornor Gode [=o]liccan, + firene f[=e]ogan, friþes earnian, + duguðe t[=o] Dryhtne, þenden [=u]s dæg sc[=i]ne, +15 þæt sw[=a] æþelne eardw[=i]ca cyst + in wuldres wlite wunian m[=o]tan. + Finit. + + * * * * * + + Refulgent, glorious, numbered with the host + Of heaven, and, instead of children, called + Bright brethren of the Lord.' + Let us by this + Be taught to please God better, hating sin, + And strive to earn salvation from the Lord, + His full deliverance, so long as day + Shall shine upon us, that we may at last + Inhabit heavenly mansions, nobler far + Than earthly dwellings, gloriously bright. + + Finit. + + * * * * * + +me as glorious and renowned, as my illustrious brethren, yea, in the +place of children.' + +Let us therefore propitiate God with all zeal, abhor evil, and gain +forgiveness and salvation from the Lord while for us the day still +shines, so that thus we may, in glorious beauty, inhabit a dwelling +excellent beyond compare. 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