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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 04:44:39 -0700 |
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diff --git a/14478-h/14478-h.htm b/14478-h/14478-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..df7f0e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/14478-h/14478-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,9541 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" +"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Story Of The American Legion, by George Seay Wheat. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + +body { margin-left: 20%; + margin-right: 20%; + text-align: justify; } + +h1, h2, h3, h4, h5 {text-align: center; font-style: normal; font-weight: +normal; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: .5em; margin-bottom: .5em;} + +h1 {font-size: 300%; + margin-top: 0.6em; + margin-bottom: 0.6em; + letter-spacing: 0.12em; + word-spacing: 0.2em; + text-indent: 0em;} +h2 {font-size: 150%; margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 1em;} +h3 {font-size: 150%; margin-top: 2em;} +h4 {font-size: 120%;} +h5 {font-size: 110%;} + +p {text-indent: 1em; + margin-top: 0.25em; + margin-bottom: 0.25em; } + +hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; } + + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} + table.lft {margin-left: 0; margin-right: auto;} + + img {border: 0;} + + ul.plain {margin-top: 0em; list-style: none} + + .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%;} + + .lh {margin-bottom: 0em; font-variant: small-caps;} /* ul list header */ + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + .bld {font-weight: bold; margin-top: 1.25em;} + .rght {text-align: right; margin-bottom: 0em; margin-top: 0em;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: left;} + .poem br {display: none;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem span {display: block; margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i2 {display: block; margin-left: 2em;} + .poem span.i4 {display: block; margin-left: 4em;} + +a:link {color:blue; text-decoration:none} +a:visited {color:blue; text-decoration:none} +a:hover {color:red} + + </style> + </head> +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 14478 ***</div> + +<h1>The Story of The American Legion</h1> + +<h3>By</h3> + +<h2>George Seay Wheat</h2> + +<h3>The Birth of the Legion</h3> + +<h4>The first of a series to be issued after each<br /> +Annual National Convention</h4> + +<h4><i>Illustrated</i></h4> + +<h5>G.P. Putnam's Sons<br /> +New York and London<br /> +The Knickerbocker Press<br /> +1919</h5> + +<h5>The Knickerbocker Press, New York</h5> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<a href="images/img001.jpg" id="img001"><img src="images/img001.jpg" width="600" height="339" alt="The St. Louis Caucus" title="" /> +</a></div> +<p class="center">The St. Louis Caucus</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2>FOREWORD</h2> + +<p>The American Legion was conceived by practically the entire personnel +of the army, navy, and marine corps! Every man in the military and +naval establishment did not think of it in just such terms, but most +of them knew that there would be a veterans' organization of some +tremendous import, and here it is!</p> + +<p>"A veterans' organization of some kind will be formed." I heard that +identical remark not once, but a dozen times on board a transport en +route to France as early as September, 1918. In fact, one night in the +war zone a group of officers were huddled around a small piano trying +to make the best of a lightless evening, and, having sung every song +from <i>Keep the Home Fires Burning</i> to <i>You're in the Army Now</i>, +paused, longingly toyed cigarettes which were taboo by ship's order, +and then began to spin yarns.</p> + +<p>"Reminds me of a G.A.R. reunion," one second lieutenant from Maine +remarked, after a particularly daring training camp adventure had been +recounted.</p> + +<p>"Just think of the lying we'll all do at our reunions when this war is +over," chirped a youngster from South Carolina. And then spoke a tall +major from Illinois:</p> + +<p>"The organization which you young fellows will join won't be any +<i>liefest</i>—at least not for forty years. Don't forget there's some +saving to do for the United States when this European mess is over. Us +fellows won't ever get out of Uncle Sam's service."</p> + +<p>How well the Illinois major hit the nail on the head! The incident on +the transport seems worth recording not only because of the major but +because it shows the general anticipation of what is now the American +Legion. Perhaps it was this general anticipation which is responsible +for the cordial reception that the Legion has had ever since its very +inception in Paris.</p> + +<p>No one can lay claim to originating the idea of a veterans' +association, because it was a consensus among the men of the armed +forces of our nation. A certain group of men can take unto themselves +the credit for starting it, for getting the ball rolling, aiding its +momentum, and, what is more important, for guiding it in the right +direction, but no one man or group of men "thought up" the American +Legion. It was the result of what might be called the "spontaneous +opinion" of the army, navy, and marine corps caused by a fusing +together in a common bond of the various elements of the service, just +as spontaneous combustion is brought about by the joint action of +certain chemical elements.</p> + +<p>Spontaneous opinion, like spontaneous combustion, is dangerous when +improperly handled and beneficient when rightly directed. That's what +the organizers of the Legion have been and will be mostly concerned +with. They have their elements—these men of the army, navy, and +marine corps, and the organizers mean to direct this united and +organized patriotism into such channels as will make for the welfare +of the United States of America primarily, and, secondarily, for the +welfare of the service men themselves.</p> + +<p>Just how much attention this Legion with four million potential +members intends to pay to the United States of America, and just how +much to themselves <i>per se</i>, is basicly important and pertinent as a +question, nowadays when the Legion is being tried and is on the +witness stand before public opinion. The answer is most clearly +indicated by the preamble to the proposed constitution printed +elsewhere.</p> + +<p>This preamble stresses <i>Americanism, individual obligation</i> to the +<i>community, state</i>, and <i>nation; battling with autocracy</i> both of the +<i>classes</i> and <i>masses; right</i> the <i>master</i> of <i>might; peace</i> and +<i>good will</i> on <i>earth; justice, freedom</i>, and <i>democracy</i>! Only in the +last two words of the preamble is mention made of the welfare of the +men themselves. These two words are <i>mutual helpfulness</i>. But be sure +and understand the connection in which they are used.</p> + +<p>"... <i>we associate ourselves together ... to consecrate and sanctify +our comradeship by our devotion to mutual helpfulness</i>."</p> + +<p>This is the way the last purpose of the preamble reads.</p> + +<p>The men who framed this constitution certainly did not believe that +comradeship would be consecrated and sanctified by anything of a +selfish character under the guise of mutual helpfulness. Certainly not +the <i>comradeship</i> that made bearable the zero hour in the trenches or +the watch in a submarine infested sea.</p> + +<p>To go a little in advance of the story and speak practically, mutual +helpfulness has meant so far voting down a pay grab from Congress; a +get-together spirit to foster the growth of the Legion; a purpose to +aid in the work of getting jobs for returning soldiers, and the +establishment of legal departments throughout the country to help +service men get back pay and allotments. Mutual helpfulness in this +case would seem to make Uncle Sam as much a partner in it as are the +Legion members. Because, for every job the Legion gets an unemployed +man, and for every dollar Legion lawyers help collect for back pay and +allotments, a better citizen is made. And better citizenship is what +the Legion most wants.</p> + +<p>So here seems to be the place to make the patent observation that +<i>mutual helpfulness</i> will in future years mean just what it means +to-day—doing something for the United States of America.</p> + +<p>At the present time the Legion might be compared to a two-headed +American eagle—one looking towards France and the A.E.F., and the +other homewards to the service men here. The two are a single body +borne on the same wings and nourished of the same strength. They are +the same in ideal and purpose but directed for the moment by two +different committees working together. One committee is the result of +the caucus at Paris in March, when the A.E.F. started the +organization, while the other was born this month in St. Louis, Mo., +for the men here.</p> + +<p class="rght">GEORGE S. WHEAT.</p> + +<p>NEW YORK May, 1919.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2>CONTENTS</h2> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Table of Contents"> +<tr><td align='right'>I.—</td><td align='left'><a href="#CHAPTER_I"><span class="smcap">Latter War Days in France</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='right'>II.—</td><td align='left'><a href="#CHAPTER_II"><span class="smcap">The Paris Caucus, March 15-17, 1919</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='right'>III.—</td><td align='left'><a href="#CHAPTER_III"><span class="smcap">Pre-Caucus Days in America</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='right'>IV.—</td><td align='left'><a href="#CHAPTER_IV"><span class="smcap">The Advance Committee</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='right'>V.—</td><td align='left'><a href="#CHAPTER_V"><span class="smcap">The St. Louis Caucus, May</span> 8, 9, and 10</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='right'>VI.—</td><td align='left'><a href="#CHAPTER_VI"><span class="smcap">The Legion and the Bolsheviki</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='right'>VII.—</td><td align='left'><a href="#CHAPTER_VII"><span class="smcap">The Legion won't Meet at Chicago</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='right'>VIII.—</td><td align='left'><a href="#CHAPTER_VIII"><span class="smcap">The Silver Lining</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='right'>IX.—</td><td align='left'><a href="#CHAPTER_IX"><span class="smcap">Objectors—Conscientious and Otherwise</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='right'>X.—</td><td align='left'><a href="#CHAPTER_X"><span class="smcap">The Reëmployment Problem</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='right'>XI.—</td><td align='left'><a href="#CHAPTER_XI"><span class="smcap">The Disregard of Self</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='right'>XII.—</td><td align='left'><a href="#CHAPTER_XII"><span class="smcap">The Closing Hours</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='right'>XIII.—</td><td align='left'><a href="#CHAPTER_XIII"><span class="smcap">Why the American Legion?</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='right'></td><td align='left'><a href="#THE_AMERICAN_LEGION"><span class="smcap">The American Legion</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='right'></td><td align='left'><a href="#CONSTITUTION"><span class="smcap">Constitution of the American Legion</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='right'></td><td align='left'><a href="#RESOLUTIONS"><span class="smcap">Resolutions</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='right'></td><td align='left'><a href="#LEGION_FACTS"><span class="smcap">Legion Facts</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='right'></td><td align='left'><a href="#WHAT_THE_PUBLIC_PRESS_THINKS"><span class="smcap">What the Public Press Thinks</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='right'></td><td align='left'><a href="#COMMITTEES"><span class="smcap">Committees</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='right'></td><td align='left'><a href="#ROSTER"><span class="smcap">Roster</span></a></td></tr> + +</table> + +<h2>ILLUSTRATIONS</h2> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="List of Illustrations"> + +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#img001"><span class="smcap">The St. Louis Caucus</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#img002"><span class="smcap">Henry D. Lindsley</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#img003"><span class="smcap">The Paris Caucus</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#img004"><span class="smcap">Theodore Roosevelt, Jr.</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#img005"><span class="smcap">Group at St. Louis Caucus</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#img006"><span class="smcap">Bennett C. Clark</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#img007"><span class="smcap">Eric Fisher Wood</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#img008"><span class="smcap">Gaspar Bacon</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#img009"><span class="smcap">State Chairmen Herbert, Mathewson, and Wickersham</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#img012"><span class="smcap">“Jack” Sullivan</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#img013"><span class="smcap">Chaplain J.W. Inzer</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#img014"><span class="smcap">Fred Humphrey</span></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#img015"><span class="smcap">P.C. Calhoun</span></a></td></tr> + +</table> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2>The Story of the American Legion</h2> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_I" id="CHAPTER_I"></a>CHAPTER I</h2> + +<h3>LATTER WAR DAYS IN FRANCE</h3> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I believe that the army of to-day, when it goes back to citizen + thinking and citizen acting, will be capable of so contributing + to the commonwealth of the United States as to change the + character of the whole country and lift it up to a higher plane.</p></div> + +<div class="blockquot"><p class="rght">BISHOP BRENT, <i>Senior Chaplain, A.E.F.</i> </p> +<p class="rght">Paris, March, 1919. </p></div> + +<p>On a midsummer morning in 1918, ambulance after ambulance unloaded its +cargo of wounded humanity at a base hospital in Paris. The wounded +were being conveyed rapidly from the front and the entire hospital was +astir with nurses, surgeons, and orderlies. A major, surgeon, almost +staggered out of an operating room where he had been on duty for +twenty-two hours and started for his quarters when a colonel arrived +on an inspection trip.</p> + +<p>"Pretty busy," remarked the colonel as he acknowledged the major's +salute.</p> + +<p>"Busy? Busy!" replied the major. "Good Lord, the only people about +here that aren't busy are the dead ones. Even the wounded are busy +planning to hobble around at conventions when the Big Show is over. +Already they are talking about how they intend to take a hand in +things after the war when they get home."</p> + +<p>Over across the street a sergeant, limping slightly, stopped under a +shade tree and leaned against it to rest. He was almost well of his +wound and eagerly awaited the word that would send him to join his +regiment, the Twenty-sixth United States Infantry. As he paused under +the tree another soldier with a mending wound in the knee and just +able to be about stopped to speak to him. The sergeant's hand rose in +quick salute for the newcomer was an officer.</p> + +<p>"Expect to get back soon, sergeant?" said the officer.</p> + +<p>"Yes sir," he replied. "Anxious to go back and get the whole job over, +sir."</p> + +<p>"So am I," responded the officer. "But what will we all do when the +Germans really are licked?"</p> + +<p>"Go home and start a veterans' association for the good of the +country, sir," the sergeant answered.</p> + +<p>Lieutenant Colonel Theodore Roosevelt, then major, was the officer, +and Sergeant William Patterson, later killed in action, was the +enlisted man, and the institution was Base Hospital No. 2.</p> + +<p>Colonel Roosevelt, who was in the hospital convalescing from a wound +in his knee caused by a machine gun bullet, told me the story and said +it was the first time that he had heard the subject of a veterans' +association mentioned, although he had thought of it frequently +himself as an organization with boundless possibilities for good. He +found later that it was being very generally discussed by men in Base +Hospital No. 2, particularly those who were so badly wounded that they +could not be sent to the front again and who knew they must further +serve their country along peaceful lines at home.</p> + +<p>This was during war time, remember!</p> + +<p>Then came the armistice!</p> + +<p>When our victorious armies were wending their way towards the Rhine, +when men of the navy and the marine corps realized that peace had come +and that home was again within reach, this thought of a veterans' +band, which had slumbered far back in the subconscious thoughts of all +of them, burst into objectivity. An association of some sort was +widely discussed not only by the men but by the officers as well. But +how could even the start of it be begun? Those who considered the +project most seriously were confronted with a difficulty which seemed +at first to be almost insurmountable: that was the difficulty of +assembling at one time and in one place a gathering which might at +least approximately represent the whole army, navy, marine corps, or +even the A.E.F.</p> + +<p>This difficulty tended to narrow what is believed to have been the +wish of everyone when he first thought of the matter, that is the hope +that it would be another Grand Army of the Republic, another United +Confederate Veterans, but greater than either because representative +of a United Country. Talk started then about all sorts of imagined and +fancied veteran organizations. Some advocated an officers' +association. This was believed to be possible because officers had +more freedom and more financial ability to attend a convention. Others +thought the enlisted men should perfect organizations by regiments +first, then divisions, and finally form one great united body.</p> + +<p>The present leaders in the movement have since said that they realized +that all of these schemes must come to naught because no organization +except one on the broadest possible lines could be effective. They +believed that all officers and men of the three branches of the +service and all enlisted women, whether they served at home or abroad, +should be eligible and urged to join one thoroughly democratic and +comprehensive organization. They knew that any organization leaving +out one or more elements composing the military service of the United +States would be forced to compete constantly with the organization or +association so discarded. In short, they knew that in union there is +strength. And they believed, and still believe, that the problems of +peace after a catastrophe such as was never before witnessed in +history are so grave that they can be met with safety only by a +national bulwark composed of the men who won the war, so closely knit, +so tightly welded together in a common organization for the common +good of all that no power of external or internal evil or aggression, +no matter how allied or augmented, could hope even so much as to +threaten our national existence, ambitions, aspirations, and pursuit +of happiness, much less aim to destroy them.</p> + +<p>Don't forget that the leaders of the movement realized all this, and +also remember that they include among their number the enlisted man of +the A.E.F. and home army and the sailor in a shore station and on +board a destroyer. The realization may not have been in so many words, +but each knew he wanted to "make the world safe for democracy"—he had +fought to do that and had thought out carefully what it meant, that +is, that it didn't mean anything selfish—and each knew enough of the +principle of union and strength to embrace the idea when "organize" +first began to be mentioned.</p> + +<p>But how to do it, that was the problem.</p> + +<p>Then kind Fate in the shape of G.H.Q. came to the rescue with what +proved to be the solution.</p> + +<p>G.H.Q. didn't mean to find the solution. There had been a deal of +dissatisfaction with the way certain things were going in the A.E.F. +and on February 15, 1919, twenty National Guard and Reserve officers +serving in the A.E.F., representing the S.O.S., ten infantry +divisions, and several other organizations, were ordered to report in +Paris. The purpose of this gathering was to have these officers confer +with certain others of the Regular Army, including the heads of train +supply and Intelligence Sections of the General Staff of G.H.Q., in +regard to the betterment of conditions and development of contentment +in the army in France.</p> + +<p>Included in this number were Lieutenant Colonel Theodore Roosevelt, +Jr., of the First Division, Lieutenant Colonel Franklin D'Olier of the +S.O.S., and Lieutenant Colonel Eric Fisher Wood of the 88th Division. +All of these officers have since told me that when they left their +divisions they were distinctively permeated with the desire to form a +veterans' organization of some comprehensive kind. When they got to +Paris they immediately went into conference with the other officers +on the questions involved in their official trip, details of which do +not concern this story.</p> + +<p>What is important is the fact that Colonel Roosevelt, Colonel D'Olier, +and Colonel Wood each discovered that all of the officers in this +representative gathering shared with the thousands of other soldiers +of the American forces the hope and desire that the officers and men +who were about to return to civilian life, after serving in the great +war, whether at home or with the combat units or in the S.O.S., might +sooner or later be united into one permanent national organization, +similar in certain respects to the Grand Army of the Republic or the +United Confederate Veterans and composed of all parties, all creeds, +and all ranks, who wished to perpetuate American ideals and the +relationship formed while in the military and national service.</p> + +<p>When these officers realized what each was thinking they promptly set +about with the "let's go" spirit of the A.E.F. to avail themselves of +a God-given opportunity. A dinner was spread in the Allied Officers' +Club, Rue Faubourg St. Honoré, on the night of February 16th and +covers were laid for the following:</p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Francis R. Appleton, Jr.,</td><td align='left'>2d Army.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. G. Edward Buxton,</td><td align='left'>82d Div.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Bennett C. Clark, ex 35th Div.,</td><td align='left'>now with 88th Div.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Ralph D. Cole,</td><td align='left'>37th Div.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. D.J. Davis, ex 28th Div.,</td><td align='left'>now att. G.H.Q.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Franklin D'Olier,</td><td align='left'>Q.M., S.O.S.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Col. W.J. Donovan,</td><td align='left'>Rainbow Div.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. David M. Goodrich,</td><td align='left'>G.H.Q.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Maj. T.E. Gowenlock, ex 1st Div.,</td><td align='left'>now with 1st A.C.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Col. Thorndike Howe,</td><td align='left'>A.P.O. Dept.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. John Price Jackson,</td><td align='left'>Peace Commission</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Maj. DeLancey Kountze,</td><td align='left'>G.H.Q.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. R.W. Llewellen,</td><td align='left'>28th Div.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Capt. Ogden Mills, ex 6th Div.,</td><td align='left'>now att. G.-2, S.O.S.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Benjamin Moore,</td><td align='left'>82d Div.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Theodore Roosevelt, Jr.,</td><td align='left'>1st Div.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. R.C. Stebbins,</td><td align='left'>3d A.C.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Maj. R.C. Stewart,</td><td align='left'>1st Div.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. George A. White, ex 41st Div.,</td><td align='left'>now att. G.H.Q.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Eric Fisher Wood, ex 83d Div.,</td><td align='left'>now with 88th Div.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>At that dinner the American Legion was born.</p> + +<p>Why not let this gathering—the most representative in the history of +the A.E.F.—consider itself as a temporary committee to launch the +movement? Why not? everyone asked himself and his neighbor over the +coffee. All felt that their presence in Paris presented an unusual +opportunity to initiate the first steps of such a movement, an +opportunity unlikely to be repeated and one they ought not to let +slip. Another meeting was suggested to consider the matter. It was +held. The result was that there were several more conferences and +every such gathering was more enthusiastic than its predecessor. At +each of these informal conferences, some one was careful to emphasize +that these self-appointed committeemen were by no means +representative enough of the army or navy, nor sufficiently numerous +to warrant their actually effecting an organization of any character +whatsoever. Yet it was believed that, nevertheless, the gathering was +representative enough to act as a temporary committee so functioning +as to get together from the whole army and navy two caucuses—one to +represent the troops in France, and the other those who had remained +in America and who, through no fault of their own, had been denied the +privilege of making history on a European battlefield. The temporary +committee realized that due care must be exercised in getting these +caucuses started. Every unit in the A.E.F. should be represented, if +possible, at the Paris caucus, while to the one in the States, +preferably to be held at St. Louis because of its central location, +delegates must come from every Congressional District in the Union.</p> + +<p>Thereby would be avoided, it was urged, the mistake of giving the +impression that it was a small gathering of men, unrepresentative or +serving some special and selfish end.</p> + +<p>This was unanimously agreed upon and the temporary committee elected +Lt. Col. Roosevelt, temporary chairman, Lt. Col. Bennett C. Clark, +temporary vice-chairman, Lt. Col. Wood, temporary secretary.</p> + +<p>A sub-committee was appointed to receive from all the members of the +temporary committee the names of such individuals of combat divisions +and each section of the S.O.S. of the A.E.F., who were eligible and +suitable to be delegates to a caucus scheduled for March +15th-16th-17th in Paris. A similar sub-committee was appointed to +ascertain the names of men of the home forces in order that they might +be urged to attend a caucus in America on or about May 8th-9th-10th.</p> + +<p>The work of the sub-committee of the A.E.F. was much more difficult +than would appear at first glance. It was easy enough to get the names +of leaders in the various outfits, both of officers and men, but to +get them to Paris! That was the job. Of course it was the ardent +desire of everyone that the new organization should eventually become +a society principally devoted to the interests of those who served as +enlisted men, for they bore the brunt of the fighting and the work and +were fundamentally responsible for the splendid victory.</p> + +<p>But once the names of such men were in the committee's hands the real +work had not begun. There were mechanical difficulties in securing for +enlisted men in active duty leave to attend a caucus in Paris. In the +first place the enlisted men themselves, as indicated by several who +were consulted, were very diffident about accepting an invitation to +attend a caucus where they would be required to sit beside and debate +with and against generals and field officers to whom they owed +military obedience. Then again, there was the expense of travel in +France, as well as the high cost of living in Paris. At the outset +this raised the expense of a trip to the French capital to a sum +amounting to many months of an enlisted man's pay. Furthermore, the +sub-committee was face to face with the A.E.F. regulations providing +that except in the most unusual circumstances an enlisted man would +not be granted leave except in company with a trainload of his +fellows, and to a certain specified leave area.</p> + +<p>But as has been said before the conclusion had been reached that if +the organization was really to become preëminently an enlisted man's +outfit, it would be absolutely necessary to overcome these +difficulties and by hook or crook to obtain the attendance of as many +privates and noncommissioned officers as possible who were leaders. +So, scarcely had seventeen of the twenty officers returned to their +commands before they received an urgent appeal to help out the +sub-committee of three. They were told to get enlisted delegates to +Paris, never mind how, the method being of small importance provided +the men were there.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_II" id="CHAPTER_II"></a>CHAPTER II</h2> + +<h3>THE PARIS CAUCUS, MARCH 15-17, 1919</h3> + +<p>The first delegates began to arrive for the caucus on March 14th. +After-the-war good fellowship between those who had been commissioned +officers on the one hand, and enlisted men on the other, was +foreshadowed in a most interesting and striking manner when they began +to come into the hotels. A dozen or more officer delegates brought +with them as orderlies an equal number of delegates from the ranks. +Thus enlisted personnel, by devious means, were ordered to Paris under +one guise or another. One sergeant came under orders which stated that +he was the bearer of important documents. He carried a despatch case +wadded with waste paper. Another non-com., from a distant S.O.S. +sector, had orders to report to Paris and obtain a supply of rat +poison. Several wagoners, farriers, and buck privates acquired +diseases of so peculiar a character that only Parisian physicians +could treat them. As one of them said, he hadn't had so much fun since +his office-boy days when a grandmother made a convenient demise every +time Mathewson pitched. The expense of the trip was gathered in +diverse ways. In some divisions the officer delegates took up +collections to defray the expense of enlisted delegates.</p> + +<p>In numerous instances, enlisted men refused such assistance and took +up their own collections. One amusing story was told by an enlisted +man. He said that the "buddies" in his regiment had deliberately lost +money to him in gambling games when he refused to be a delegate +because he couldn't pay his own expenses. So by various means nearly +two hundred enlisted delegates were in Paris by late afternoon on +March 14th. It must not be imagined from the foregoing that all the +officers arrived on special trains and were themselves in the lap of +luxury. One second lieutenant who attended has since confided that he +sold his safety razor and two five-pound boxes of fudge sent from home +in order to get carfare to Paris.</p> + +<p>Practically all of the self-appointed, temporary committee, with the +exception of Colonel Roosevelt, was present. He was Chairman of the +American Committee and had left France for the purpose of organizing +that part of the army and navy which did not get abroad or which had +returned home.</p> + +<p>The Paris caucus convened at the American Club near the Place de la +Concorde on the afternoon of March 15th, Colonel Wood presiding. +Lieutenant Colonel Bennett C. Clark of the 88th Division was selected +Chairman of the caucus and Lt. Col. T.W. Miller of Pennsylvania, and +serving in the 79th Division, was elected Vice-Chairman. When Colonel +Wood called the meeting to order nearly one thousand delegates +answered the roll-call and these were of all ranks from private to +brigadier general; and every combat division and all sections of the +S.O.S., were represented. Colonel Wood briefly reviewed the +self-appointment of the temporary committee during the previous month +and outlined the purposes of the caucus.</p> + +<p>A few minutes after Colonel Clark had taken the chair an officer of +high rank, a colonel to be exact, moved that while in the convention +hall, the after-war status as fellow civilians be forecast and that +the stations of rank would there cease to exist. It was agreed that +they would be resumed with full force and full discipline as soon as +the delegates crossed the threshold of the convention hall and +regained the street.</p> + +<p>It was the ability of the American officer to do this—to be friendly +to a certain extent with his men and yet at the same time to keep them +perfectly disciplined—which amazed the officers of the armies of our +Allies. No more striking example of this was ever given than within +the confines of the American Club on that 15th day of March. The +Colonel's motion was unanimously carried and the work of the +organization began. Then generals forgot their rank, corporals engaged +in hot debates with colonels, sergeants argued with majors and +everybody talked with everybody else in a most boylike spirit of +fraternity and equality.</p> + +<p>Captain Ogden Mills of G.H.Q. moved that four caucus committees be +appointed to draft suggestions and submit them to the caucus, one +committee to design machinery for convening the winter convention; one +committee to submit suggestions as to a permanent organization; one +committee on tentative constitution; and one committee on name. Each +committee consisted of fifteen members, and was appointed by the +Chairman.</p> + +<p>Here are the committees, appointed by the chair:</p> + +<h4><span class="smcap">Committee on Convention</span></h4> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Brig. Gen. Sherburne,</td><td align='left'>26th Div., Chairman</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Wagoner Shaw,</td><td align='left'>88th Div., Vice-Chairman</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Capt. Ogden Mills,</td><td align='left'>G.H.Q.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Colonel Graham,</td><td align='left'>S.O.S.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Prvt. C.W. Ney,</td><td align='left'>1st Army Troops</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Captain Mahon,</td><td align='left'>77th Div.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Obrecht,</td><td align='left'>1st Army</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Capt. Kipling,</td><td align='left'>Troops serving with French</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. J.C. Hendler,</td><td align='left'>Paris Command</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Appleton,</td><td align='left'>2d Army Hq.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major Gordon,</td><td align='left'>36th Div.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Field Clerk Sowers,</td><td align='left'>Press Section G.H.Q.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major Hungerford,</td><td align='left'>3rd Army Hq.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Cpl. J.H. Anderson,</td><td align='left'>Paris Command</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Wren,</td><td align='left'>36th Division</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4><span class="smcap">Committee of Permanent Organization</span></h4> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Colonel Donovan,</td><td align='left'>42d Div., Chairman</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Graham,</td><td align='left'>88th Div., Vice-Chairman</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Capt. Boyd,</td><td align='left'>29th Division</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Tip Bliss,</td><td align='left'><i>Stars and Stripes</i></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Fitzpatrick,</td><td align='left'>35th Division</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Rollo S. Thorpe,</td><td align='left'>88th Div.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Crosby,</td><td align='left'>S.O.S.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. W.L. Thompson,</td><td align='left'>11th R.R. Engineers</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major Graff,</td><td align='left'>28th Division</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major Barry Wright,</td><td align='left'>79th Division</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Rommel,</td><td align='left'>Paris Command</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. V.V. Trout,</td><td align='left'>Paris Command</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Capt. Carlstrom,</td><td align='left'>S.O.S.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major R.C. Patterson,</td><td align='left'>Peace Commission</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Smith,</td><td align='left'>89th Division</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4><span class="smcap">Committee On Name</span></h4> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Robbins,</td><td align='left'>2d Army Hq. Chairman</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Goodrich,</td><td align='left'>G.H.Q., Vice-Chairman</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Dolan,</td><td align='left'>89th Division</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Stebbins,</td><td align='left'>3rd Army Corps</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. H.E. Fleming,</td><td align='left'>35th Division</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major E.S. Haile,</td><td align='left'>77th Div.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Colonel Gibbs,</td><td align='left'>S.O.S.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. McElow,</td><td align='left'>Paris Command</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major Horace Rumsey,</td><td align='left'>35th Division</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. C.E. Sommers,</td><td align='left'>Paris Command</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major D.D. Drain,</td><td align='left'>3d Army</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. G.F. Fleming,</td><td align='left'>Paris Command</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Markoe,</td><td align='left'>2d Army</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major Dwight,</td><td align='left'>S.O.S.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Barnard,</td><td align='left'>Paris Command</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The names of these committees are given because they are more than +just names. They show the first bubbles of the melting pot into which +all rank and titles in the American Army have been cast and out of +which comes the one word "Comrade."</p> + +<p>There were three outstanding features of the Paris caucus which were +evident by midnight of March 15th. The first was the desire to get +together and form an organization quickly and a willingness to forego +personal prejudice and opinion to arrive at that end. The second was +the determination to make the man who didn't get across as much a +component part of the legion as his more fortunate brother-in-arms; +while the third was the avowed intention to take no action at the +caucus which could be deferred until the winter convention in America, +when the home brother and the navy could be jointly represented and a +permanent organization could be effected. I say that these things were +evident by midnight of March 15th for those who have attended many +conventions know that from the casual word heard here and there, the +whispered conference of a few leaders, and from the general tenor of +discussions carried on by delegates gathered together in little +groups, the spirit of the body politic is most perceptible.</p> + +<p>After the adjournment of the afternoon session on that day, members +of the committees closeted themselves and started work on their +special functions, while those who were to pass on the committee's +actions, the "hoi polloi" were here and there in groups, in the "Y" +huts or in boulevard cafes discussing the real meaning of the +gathering. A colonel in the Officers' Club said there must be no +disagreement on this or that question; a private in the Bal Tabarin +told his buddies the same thing.</p> + +<p>And so it came to pass that on the following day in the Cirque de +Paris, where the final meetings were held, the delegates formally +gathered, sensed the gossip of the clubs and boulevards, and acted +accordingly. One of the things done was to endorse the action of the +temporary committee in appointing itself and in calling the caucus. +Another was to adopt a tentative constitution. It is in reality little +more than a preamble, but it gave a working basis, expressing enough +and yet not too much.</p> + +<p>Newspaper men have told me that the Sermon on the Mount is the finest +bit of reporting in the history of writing because it tells a long +story succinctly. Lieutenant Colonel Buxton and his committee on +constitutions are certainly entitled to credit of the same type—for +they tell a great deal in a few lines.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<a href="images/img002.jpg" id="img002"><img src="images/img002.jpg" width="600" height="462" alt="Henry D. Lindsley +Temporary Chairman, who presided at St. Louis" title="" /></a> +</div> +<p class="center">Henry D. Lindsley<br /> +Temporary Chairman, who presided at St. Louis</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<a href="images/img003.jpg" id="img003"><img src="images/img003.jpg" width="600" height="348" alt="The Paris Caucus This gathering had no time for +official photographers. A half hour before a session began one slipped +in and took this picture with more than half the caucus delegates +absent" title="" /></a> +</div> +<p class="center">The Paris Caucus<br />This gathering had no time for +official photographers. A half hour before a session began one slipped +in and took this picture with more than half the caucus delegates +absent</p> + +<p>Here's the tentative constitution under which the Legion worked—it +was read by Lieutenant Colonel Bolles:</p> + +<p>"We, the members of the Military and Naval Service of the United +States of America in the great war, desiring to perpetuate the +principles of Justice, Freedom, and Democracy for which we have +fought, to inculcate the duty and obligation of the citizen to the +State; to preserve the history and incidents of our participation in +the war; and to cement the ties of comradeship formed in service, do +propose to found and establish an association for the furtherance of +the foregoing purposes:</p> + +<p>"Those eligible to membership shall be: All officers and enlisted +personnel in the Military and Naval Services of the United States of +America at any time during the period from April 6, 1917, to November +11, 1918, inclusive; excepting however, persons leaving the service +without an honorable discharge or persons who having been called into +the service refused, failed, or attempted to evade the full +performance of such service.</p> + +<p>"The society shall consist of a national organization with subsidiary +branches; one for each State, territory, and foreign possession of the +United States as well as one in each foreign country where members of +the national society may be resident and who desire to associate +themselves together.</p> + +<p>"The officers of the society shall be a President, one or more +Vice-Presidents, a Secretary, a Treasurer and a Board of Directors, +which shall consist of the President, the Vice-Presidents, together +with the chief executive of each subsidiary branch.</p> + +<p>"The subsidiary branches shall organize and govern themselves in such +manner as the membership of such subsidiary organizations shall +determine upon except that the requirements and purposes of the +permanent national constitution as adopted shall be complied with.</p> + +<p>"The representation shall be on the basis of the actual enrollment in +the subsidiary branches at all conventions after the adoption of a +permanent constitution.</p> + +<p>"Members present at the meeting of this committee as follows:</p> + +<ul class="plain"> +<li>"Lt. Col. G. Edward Buxton, Jr., Chairman</li> +<li>"Lt. Col. T.W. Miller, Secretary</li> +<li>"Major Redmond C. Stewart</li> +<li>"Col. E.A. Gibbs</li> +<li>"Lt. Col. W.H. Curtiss</li> +<li>"Major J. Hall</li> +<li>"Col. C.L. Ristine."</li> +</ul> + +<p>There were many, many men in the A.E.F. respected and beloved, but +none perhaps more than he who seconded a motion made by a private from +S.O.S. base section, No. 4, that the constitution be adopted. The +seconder asked to speak on the question. When he began he got the rapt +attention which Bishop Brent, Senior Chaplain of the A.E.F., always +won whether he talked to buck privates knee deep in trench water or +the King in Buckingham Palace.</p> + +<p>"It was a great soldier who said that the army has not merely a body +but a soul and a conscience as well," he began. "I believe the +conscience of the army is speaking in this committee's report. I +believe the army's soul is speaking in it. I was present on Saturday, +at the beginning of this caucus and I will tell you frankly that I was +fearful at that moment lest you should create a great mechanism +without adequate purposes. My fears have been wholly allayed and I see +in the report of your committee the ideals not only of the army but of +the nation adequately expressed and I wish to tell you gentlemen that +so far as I have any ability to promote this great movement I give you +my most hearty support. I believe that the army of to-day, when it +goes back to citizen thinking and citizen acting, will be capable of +contributing to the commonwealth of the United States so as to change +the character of the whole country and lift it up to a higher plane +of political, industrial, and religious life. I happen to be at this +moment leading in a movement in the army to promote the various ends +that are so well expressed in the committee's report, in what is known +as the 'Comrades in Service.' There are two ways of creating an +organization; one is by forming the principles and leaving the body to +take its own shape; the other by creating a machinery without stating +your end and reach that end through the machinery. According to our +democratic conception we have adopted the former or idealistic method. +We are prepared to contribute to this army wide organization which is +now brought into existence, all that we have to contribute. We are +entirely loyal to your principles and methods of approach and we are +quite willing to forego any attempt to make an organization which +might become a rival to you. Between now and the time of +demobilization there is a great opportunity for us to promote the +principles which actuate you. We have already a temporary and +provisional organization for the promotion of such principles; the +creation of better citizenship along the lines so well expressed. We +would like everyone who can to give support to that which we are +endeavoring to do, while we ask all who come in with us to be prepared +to throw in their lot with this organization when it is perfected in +the United States."</p> + +<p>"The creation of better citizenship," Bishop Brent says. He wants +every one who can, to give support to that; to "what we are trying to +do."</p> + +<p>If everyone could see just that in the Legion, if everyone will work +for just that—better citizenship—the Legion's aim will be realized +in its deepest and truest sense. Bishop Brent has a knack of hitting +the nail on the head with such force that the sparks fly and by their +light comes insight—ask anyone from out Manila-way if it isn't so. +The short address was greeted with thunderous applause. The newly born +Legion knew it had a champion and a worker in the Bishop.</p> + +<p>Col. Wm. J. Donovan of the 165th Infantry, Forty-second Division +headed the committee of fifteen which gave the final report on +resolutions and organization. This report is reproduced here in full +because it presaged the action of the American caucus and brought +about the form of the Legion Government until November.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Resolved</span>: That an Executive Committee shall be selected, two + (2) from each unit (as recognized in this caucus) and eight (8) + to be selected by the Executive Committee; the two members, one + officer and one enlisted man, to be selected from each unit to + be named by the respective delegations attending this caucus. + Each unit shall present the names of committeemen who shall as + far as possible represent, in point of residence, each State, + Territory and possession of the United States and the District + of Columbia.</p> + +<p> "This Executive Committee shall have general power to represent + the units now in foreign service, to determine its own quorum, + to confer with committees from a similar caucus in the United + States, to secure one general convention of persons entitled to + membership under the tentative constitution, to elect its + officers and appoint such sub-committees and give them such + powers as may be proper and necessary.</p> + +<p> "This Executive Committee acting in conjunction with the + committee of the United States is specifically charged with the + duty of fixing a date and place for holding a national + convention, issuing a call for the holding of county and State + conventions and providing a unit of representation and method of + selection of delegates to the national convention, by the State + conventions.</p> + +<p> "The powers of this committee shall expire upon the organization + of the permanent national convention.</p> + +<p> "The committee is further charged with the duty of making known + the existence and purpose of this organization, of stimulating + interest in it, and of inviting the support of all those + entitled to membership.</p> + +<p> "No policy except in furtherance of the creation of a permanent + organization having in mind the desirability of unity of action + in organizing all the American forces shall be adopted or + carried out by the committees.</p> + +<p> A meeting for the temporary and preliminary organization of the + Executive Committee shall be held at this place immediately upon + the adjournment of this caucus.</p> + +<p> The Executive Committee may receive and add to its number two + representatives from any division or equivalent unit not + represented at this caucus."</p></div> + +<p>As the result of the passage of this report it is interesting to note +the personnel of the Executive Committee which the delegates selected +and which is controlling the American Legion of the A.E.F., observing +especially the large number of enlisted men; large in view of the +difficulties experienced in getting such men to Paris.</p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>1st Div.,</td><td align='left'>Capt. Arthur S. Hyde</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>2d Div.,</td><td align='left'>Lt. Col Harold C. Snyder</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>26th Div.,</td><td align='left'>Sgt. Wheaton Freeman</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>26th Div.,</td><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Wm. J. Keville</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>27th Div.,</td><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Edward E. Gauche, N.Y.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>27th Div.,</td><td align='left'>Reg. Sgt. Mjr. Samuel A. Ritchie, N.Y.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>28th Div.,</td><td align='left'>Brig Gen. Wm. G. Brice, Jr., Penn.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>28th Div.,</td><td align='left'>Sgt. Ted Myers, Penn.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>29th Div.,</td><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Orison M. Hurd, N.J.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>29th Div.,</td><td align='left'>Color Sgt. Andreas Z. Holley, Maryland</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>31st Div.,</td><td align='left'>Captain Leon Schwarz, Ala.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>33d Div.,</td><td align='left'>Col. Milton A. Foreman, Ill.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>35th Div.,</td><td align='left'>Lt. Col. B.C. Clark, Mo.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>35th Div.,</td><td align='left'>Sgt. Fred Heney, Kans.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>36th Div.,</td><td align='left'>Col. Chas. W. Nimon, Texas</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>36th Div.,</td><td align='left'>Sgt. Mjr. L.H. Evridge, Texas</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>41st Div.,</td><td align='left'>Col. Frank White, N. Dak.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>42d Div.,</td><td align='left'>Col. Henry J. Reilly, Ill.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>42d Div.,</td><td align='left'>Sgt. Rowe, Iowa</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>77th Div.,</td><td align='left'>Major Duncan Harris</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>77th Div.,</td><td align='left'>Sgt. Lawrence Miller, N.Y.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>79th Div.,</td><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Stuart S. Janney, Md.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>79th Div.,</td><td align='left'>Sgt. Benjamin R. Kauffman, Pa.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>80th Div.,</td><td align='left'>Capt. Arthur F. Shaw, Mich.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>81st Div.,</td><td align='left'>Major Theodore G. Tilghman, N.C.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>81st Div.,</td><td align='left'>Reg. Sgt. Mjr. Wm. S. Beam, N.C.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>82d Div.,</td><td align='left'>Capt. Frank S. Williams, Fla.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>82d Div.,</td><td align='left'>Sgt. Alvin T. York, Tenn.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>83d Div.,</td><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Wayman C. Lawrence, Jr., W. Va.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>83d Div.,</td><td align='left'>Cpl. Thoyer</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>86th Div.,</td><td align='left'>Major John H. Smale, Ill.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>88th Div.,</td><td align='left'>Lt. Col. George C. Parsons, Minn.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>88th Div.,</td><td align='left'>Wagoner Dale J. Shaw, Iowa.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>89th Div.,</td><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Frank Wilbur Smith, Pa.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>91st Div.,</td><td align='left'>Lt. Col. John Guy Strohm, Oregon</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>91st Div.,</td><td align='left'>Sgt. Mjr. Hercovitz, Calif.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>S.O.S. Hq.,</td><td align='left'>Col. James H. Graham, Conn.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Adv. Sec., S.O.S. Capt.</td><td align='left'>David A. Uaurier, Wash.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Base Sec. No. 1, S.O.S.,</td><td align='left'>Pvt. W.L. Thompson, N.Y.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Base Sec. No. 3, S.O.S.,</td><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Carle Abrams, Oregon</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Base Sec. No. 5, S.O.S.,</td><td align='left'>Major Orlin Hudson, Kans.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Base Sec. No. 6, S.O.S.,</td><td align='left'>Major Arthur S. Dwight, N.Y.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Troops with French,</td><td align='left'>Sgt. L.K. Flynt, Mass.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Troops with French,</td><td align='left'>Capt. A.W. Kipling, Paris, France</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Paris Command,</td><td align='left'>Pvt. Harold W. Ross, Calif.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Paris Command,</td><td align='left'>Lt. Col. John Price Jackson</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>G.H.Q.,</td><td align='left'>Bishop Charles H. Brent, N.Y.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>1st Army Corps,</td><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Lemuel L. Bolles, Wash.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>1st Army Corps,</td><td align='left'>Sgt. Mjr. Race</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>2d Army Hq.,</td><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Burke H. Sinclair, Colo.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The tentative name of this organization was not adopted without a +great deal of discussion. All sorts of titles were suggested to the +committee which considered the matter. Some of them were:</p> + +<ul class="plain" ><li> Comrades of the Great War</li> +<li> Veterans of the Great War</li> +<li> Liberty League</li> +<li> Army of the Great War</li> +<li> Legion of the Great War</li> +<li> Great War Legion</li> +<li> The Legion</li> +<li> The American Comrades of the Great War</li> +<li> The Great Legion</li> +<li> The American Legion</li> +</ul> + +<p>The last was tentatively decided upon as the best name although there +was considerable discussion on it. This discussion waxed particularly +warm between a colonel and a corporal and it came to an end only when +some hungry enlisted delegate braved the officer's rising ire to move +an adjournment for lunch. The motion carried immediately and, true to +the understanding made at the outset in regard to rank, the corporal +clicked his heels together, stood at attention and saluted the +colonel, when the latter passed him on the sidewalk exactly five +minutes after he had been telling the colonel precisely what he +thought of him and his opinions—at least as far as the name of the +Veteran's Organization was concerned. I might add that this colonel +was well under thirty-five years of age and that the corporal was only +twenty-one.</p> + +<p>And this brings to mind another striking feature of this most unusual +gathering, which was the comparative youth of its membership. For +instance the two individuals who have taken from the beginning the +leading parts in the movement, Bennett Clark, son of Champ Clark and a +Lieutenant Colonel of infantry, and Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., son of +the ex-president and also a Colonel of infantry. They are respectively +twenty-nine and thirty-one years of age, and one of the most brilliant +speeches in the caucus was made by a captain of twenty-six.</p> + +<p>It must not be understood from this rather dry recital of what took +place at the Paris Caucus, this record of minutes and resolutions, +that it was an entirely sedate and dignified gathering. On the +contrary, Young America was there and quite often the impression which +one gathered was that a dozen or so Big Brothers had been turned loose +at once. A great many wild speeches were made and all sorts of +ticklish questions were brought up. Chairman Clark broke two gavels +and three times overturned his table. Everyone there was young. Peace +was young. Few knew exactly, like Bishop Brent, just what was wanted. +The whole project was new. Dozens of delegates wanted to speak; it was +their first chance since April 6, 1917. In fact one man made two very +violent speeches on the same subject, one in direct opposition to the +other. He realized he was making a heated argument for both sides and +finally sat down laughing about it. Who was he? Who was the colonel +who got wrought up over the proposed name? Who were the lieutenants, +and who were any of these privates, captains, and sergeants?</p> + +<p>"I don't know." Nobody knows.</p> + +<p>Doubtless they have themselves forgotten what they said. No verbatim +records are available now. In fact I am told that no record could have +been kept, for many times two or three were speaking at once and the +chairman was breaking the third commandment with his gavel. But this +much everyone wanted, "A Veteran's Organization." This much everyone +swore he would have, one that was neither political nor partisan, one +that would perpetuate righteousness, insure "honor, faith, and a sure +intent," and despite whatever bickering there might have been, despite +whatever differences of opinion arose, when, with a tremendous "Aye," +the motion to adjourn was carried, this Paris Caucus had accomplished +a body politic and a soul of the type which Bishop Brent so clearly +described.</p> + +<p>To resume the story of actual accomplishment. The Executive Committee +was given general power to represent the units in France, to confer +with committees or representatives of the American Caucus as soon as +these should be appointed, and, in conjunction with the latter, to +issue a call for the holding of county and State conventions and +providing a unit of representation and method of selection of +delegates to one general convention for the autumn of 1919, preferably +November 11th, or Armistice Day.</p> + +<p>The Executive Committee met immediately after the adjournment of the +caucus and elected Colonel Foreman of the Thirty-third Division, +Chairman; Lt. Colonel George A. White, Forty-first Division, Secretary +and Major R.C. Patterson, Paris Command, Assistant Secretary. Lt. Col. +White, Col. Wood, Major R.C. Patterson, and Lt. L.R. Farrell were +elected permanent members at large of the Executive Committee.</p> + +<p>Then from this executive committee a committee of fifteen was chosen +for the purpose of expediting the work which had been assigned to the +larger committee, it being easier to assemble fifteen men than the +larger number. The committee of fifteen elected Col. Bennett Clark as +its chairman.</p> + +<p>At the first meeting of the committee of fifteen a hope was expressed +that the caucus in America would take similar action in the +appointment of an executive committee, which would in turn delegate +its authority to a smaller committee for working purposes. Just +exactly how this worked out, is later described.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_III" id="CHAPTER_III"></a>CHAPTER III.</h2> + +<h3>PRE-CAUCUS DAYS IN AMERICA.</h3> + +<p>Once home again it didn't take a Solomon to tell Colonel Roosevelt +that he had a man's size job on his hands in starting the American +Legion on its way in the United States. Dispatches more or less +accurate had told the service men on this side something about the +Legion activities of the A.E.F. in France. As late as mid-April, +however, a great many men in this country knew nothing whatever about +the American Legion, while the majority of those who did were not at +all sure it was to be <i>The Veteran's Organization</i>. What I have said +previously about the "spontaneous opinion" of the men in France on the +question of a veteran's organization proved to be equally true among +service men on this side of the water. Consequently, it wasn't long +after the armistice before several veteran's organizations and +associations were in the process of formation. As it was a pertinent +news topic, the newspapers gave a great deal of prominence in their +columns to several of these organizations. They were of various types +and characters. One was for enlisted men only. Another was for +officers only. There was an organization for officers who had fought +in France, Italy, or Russia and there was one or more organizations +which had the breadth of vision to see that men of all ranks and all +branches of the military and naval establishments must be eligible.</p> + +<p>Such was the situation confronting Colonel Roosevelt when he arrived +home to help start the American Legion in its own country. The fact of +his arrival and his announced intention to aid in the organization of +the Legion was duly heralded in the press of the United States.</p> + +<p>At first the army and navy men were inclined to say, "Here is another +of those mushroom Veteran's Associations bobbing up." In fact I heard +one officer make just that remark, but another was quick to correct +him by saying, "Its bound to be a straight and honest organization or +a Roosevelt wouldn't stand for it." That was the crux of the initial +success of the Legion, because just that was true. Every man who wore +the uniform had known Theodore Roosevelt, Sr., and although he may not +have agreed with him in all of his political opinions still he knew +that neither he nor any member of his family would back any +organization or proposition that was not morally sterling.</p> + +<p>There were those who did not like the American Legion. There were +those who were willing to let a past political prejudice deter them +from aiding in the most important movement in American life to-day. +There were those who stated that Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., was +prominent in organizing the American Legion for his own political +advancement. The answer to that misapprehension will develop later and +will prove one of the most striking incidents in this story.</p> + +<p>Colonel Roosevelt has a peculiarly happy faculty of keeping those who +work with him cheerful and optimistic. He gathered around him, to +launch the movement in America, a set of cheerful, competent +optimists, prominent among whom were Colonel Richard Derby, Colonel +Franklin D'Olier, who figured in the Paris Caucus, Major Cornelius W. +Wickersham, Assistant Chief of Staff of the Twenty-seventh Division, +Captain Henry Fairfield Osborne, Lieutenant Colonel Granville Clark, +Lieutenant Colonel Leslie Kincaide, Lieutenant Colonel Eric Fisher +Wood and Captain H.B. Beers. One of Colonel Roosevelt's first duties +as temporary chairman of the Legion over here was to create the nation +wide organization. He needed committeemen in every State to work the +State organization up, and to start the machinery for the election of +delegates to the St. Louis Caucus, for it had been decided that the +representation in St. Louis must be by duly elected representatives +from congressional districts in so far as that was possible. Each such +district was awarded double its congressional representation, in +addition to the delegates at large. It was no easy task to pick these +committeemen. The decision of the Paris gathering that the +organization must be non-partisan and non-political had to be adhered +to in its fullest sense. There were soldiers and sailors enough in all +the States who would have been willing to have started the +organization in their respective localities, but how <i>not</i> to get +politicians of the lower order, men who would gladly prostitute the +Legion, its aims and ambitions to their own selfish advantage—that +was the problem which faced the temporary committee in America.</p> + +<p>About three weeks before the St. Louis Caucus the following names were +chosen from the various States as committeemen:</p> + +<h4>OFFICERS</h4> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., New York, Chairman</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Bennett Clark, Missouri, Vice-Chairman</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Eric Fisher Wood, Pennsylvania, Secretary.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Alabama</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. H.M. Badham, Jr.,</td><td align='left'>Birmingham</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. W.M. Cosby, Jr.,</td><td align='left'>Birmingham</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Edwin Robertson,</td><td align='left'>Birmingham</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Arizona</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. Ned Bernard, Tucson</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. J.C. Greenway, Bisbee</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Arkansas</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. P.R. Graybill, Democ. Pub. Co.</td><td align='left'>Little Rock</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major J.J. Harrison,</td><td align='left'>Little Rock</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. Walter J. Wilkins,</td><td align='left'>Pine Bluff</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">California</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. L.P. Adams,</td><td align='left'>San Francisco</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Corp. Chas. A. Beck,</td><td align='left'>San Francisco</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Benjamin H. Dibblee,</td><td align='left'>San Francisco</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Chaplain Joseph D. McQuade,</td><td align='left'>San Francisco</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major Stewart Edward White,</td><td align='left'>Santa Barbara</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Colorado</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. G.W. Cutting,</td><td align='left'>Florence</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. C.C. Neil,</td><td align='left'>Greeley</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major H.A. Saidy,</td><td align='left'>Colorado Springs</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Phil. G. Thompson,</td><td align='left'>Denver</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Connecticut</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Maj. Morgan G. Bulkeley,</td><td align='left'>Hartford</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Jas. L. Howard,</td><td align='left'>Hartford</td></tr> + +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">District of Columbia</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. L. Clarkson Hines,</td><td align='left'>Washington</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Col. E. Lester Jones,</td><td align='left'>Washington</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Delaware</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Major Thomas W. Miller,</td><td align='left'>Wilmington</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Capt. John P. Nields,</td><td align='left'>Wilmington</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Florida</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Brig Gen A.H. Blanding,</td><td align='left'>Bartow</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Georgia</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Col. Alexander R. Lawton, Jr.,</td><td align='left'>Savannah</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Capt. Landon Thomas,</td><td align='left'>Augusta</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Idaho</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Major C.M. Booth,</td><td align='left'>Pocatello</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. John Green,</td><td align='left'>Twin Falls</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major Hawley, Jr.,</td><td align='left'>Boisé</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. D.H. Holt,</td><td align='left'>Caldwell</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Illinois</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Chf. Petty Officer B.J. Goldberg,</td><td align='left'>Chicago</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Maj. Owsley Brown,</td><td align='left'>Springfield</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Rear Admiral Frederick B. Bassett,</td><td align='left'>Great Lakes</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>1st Cl. Pvt. Edw. J. Czuj,</td><td align='left'>Chicago</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Maj. Thomas Gowenlock,</td><td align='left'>Chicago</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>1st Cl. Pvt. Hy. Hickman Harris,</td><td align='left'>Champaign</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>1st Cl. Pvt. Geo. Kendall Hooton,</td><td align='left'>Danville</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Ensign Allen M. Loeb,</td><td align='left'>Chicago</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Capt. Clark Nixon,</td><td align='left'>East St. Louis</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Maj. John Callan O'Laughlin,</td><td align='left'>Chicago</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Capt. Joseph Medill Patterson,</td><td align='left'>Chicago</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>1st Cl. Pvt. C.J. Schatz,</td><td align='left'>Wheaton</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Brig. Gen. Robt. E. Wood,</td><td align='left'>Chicago</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. David S. Wright,</td><td align='left'>Oak Park</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Indiana</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Col. Solon J. Carter,</td><td align='left'>Indianapolis</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Ensign Win. L. Hutcheson,</td><td align='left'>Indianapolis</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. R.J. Leeds,</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">iowa</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Chas. A. Doxsee,</td><td align='left'>Monticello</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major H.H. Polk,</td><td align='left'>Des Moines</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Kansas</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Gen. Chas. I. Martin,</td><td align='left'>Topeka</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Gen. Wilder S. Metcalf,</td><td align='left'>Lawrence</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Fred C. Stanford,</td><td align='left'>Independence</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Mahlon S. Weed,</td><td align='left'>Lawrence</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Kentucky</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. Samuel J. Culbertson,</td><td align='left'>Louisville</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. W.C. Dabney,</td><td align='left'>Louisville</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Capt. Shelby Harbison,</td><td align='left'>Lexington</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major James Wheeler,</td><td align='left'>Paducah</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Louisiana</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Capt. Allen Cook,</td><td align='left'>New Orleans</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. John M. Parker, Jr.,</td><td align='left'>New Orleans</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Maine</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Arthur Ashworth,</td><td align='left'>Bangor</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Col. Frank W. Hume,</td><td align='left'>103d Inf.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Capt. A.L. Robinson,</td><td align='left'>Portland</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. Daniel J. Smart,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Wm. H. Whalen,</td><td align='left'>103d Inf.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Freeman Wheaton,</td><td align='left'>107th Inf.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Maryland</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. James A. Gary, Jr.</td><td align='left'>Baltimore</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Alexander Randall,</td><td align='left'>Baltimore</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major Redmond Stewart,</td><td align='left'>Baltimore</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Brig. Gen. W.S. Thayer,</td><td align='left'>Baltimore</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Massachusetts</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Brig. Gen. Charles H. Cole,</td><td align='left'>Boston</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Edw. J. Creed,</td><td align='left'>101st Inf.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Ernest H. Eastman,</td><td align='left'>104th Inf.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major J.W. Farley,</td><td align='left'>Boston</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Louis Frothingham,</td><td align='left'>Boston</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Geo. Gilbody,</td><td align='left'>101st Inf.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Daniel J. Nolan,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Michigan</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Fredk. M. Alger,</td><td align='left'>Detroit</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Rand F. English,</td><td align='left'>Detroit</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>1st Sgt. Wm. King,</td><td align='left'>Detroit</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Commander Truman H. Newberry,</td><td align='left'>Detroit</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Minnesota</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. Gordon Clark,</td><td align='left'>Duluth</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major Paul B. Cook,</td><td align='left'>St. Paul</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. Wm. D. Mitchell,</td><td align='left'>St. Paul</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. W. Bissell Thomas,</td><td align='left'>Minneapolis</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Mississippi</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. John N. Alexander,</td><td align='left'>Jackson</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Maj. C.J. Craggs,</td><td align='left'>Greenville</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major Alex. Fitzhugh,</td><td align='left'>Vicksburg</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Corp. Isador A. Frank,</td><td align='left'>Clarksdale</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Elmer Price,</td><td align='left'>McComb</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Missouri</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Brig. Gen. H.C. Clarke,</td><td align='left'>Jefferson City</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. David R. Francis, Jr.,</td><td align='left'>St. Louis</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Corp. Sestus J. Wade, Jr.,</td><td align='left'>St. Louis</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Montana</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Col. J.J. McGuiness,</td><td align='left'>Helena</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Corp. Chas. S. Pew,</td><td align='left'>Helena</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Nebraska</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Major P.F. Cosgrove,</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. T.T. McGuire,</td><td align='left'>Omaha</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. R. Scott,</td><td align='left'>Imperial</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Allan A. Tukey,</td><td align='left'>Omaha</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Nevada</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. E.L. Malsbary,</td><td align='left'>Reno</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Jas. G. Scrugham,</td><td align='left'>Reno</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">New Hampshire</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Herve L'Heureaux,</td><td align='left'>Manchester</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major Frank Knox,</td><td align='left'>Manchester</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">New Jersey</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Col. Hobart Brown,</td><td align='left'>Newark</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Allan Eggers,</td><td align='left'>Summit</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>1st Lt. Geo. W.C. McCarter,</td><td align='left'>Newark</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Corp. Roger Young,</td><td align='left'>Newark</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">New Mexico</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Capt. Bronson M. Cutting,</td><td align='left'>Santa Fé</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Col. Debjemond,</td><td align='left'>Roswell</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. Canuto Trujillo,</td><td align='left'>Chimayo</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">New York</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Robert Bacon,</td><td align='left'>New York</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Grenville Clark,</td><td align='left'>New York</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Brig. Gen. Chas. I. Debevoise,</td><td align='left'>Brooklyn</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. Meade C. Dobson,</td><td align='left'>New York</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Col. Wm. J. Donovan,</td><td align='left'>New York</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Samuel Gompers, Jr.,</td><td align='left'>New York</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Seaman Jos. F. Healey,</td><td align='left'>New York</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Chaplain Francis A. Kelley,</td><td align='left'>Albany</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. J. Leslie Kincaid,</td><td align='left'>Syracuse</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Ensign Jerome H. Larger,</td><td align='left'>Brooklyn</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Ensign W.G. McAdoo, Jr.,</td><td align='left'>New York</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Major Howard H. McLellan,</td><td align='left'>Yonkers</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Ensign R.H. Mitchell,</td><td align='left'>New York</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major General John F. O'Ryan,</td><td align='left'>New York</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. D. Lincoln Reed,</td><td align='left'>New York</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Col. Henry L. Stimson,</td><td align='left'>New York</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Chas. W. Whittlesey,</td><td align='left'>New York</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major Cornelius W. Wickersham,</td><td align='left'>New York</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Clarence E. Williams,</td><td align='left'>New York</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">North Carolina</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. R.W. Glenn,</td><td align='left'>Greensboro</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Cyrus D. Hogue,</td><td align='left'>Wilmington</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">NORTH DAKOTA</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Capt. Matthew Murphy,</td><td align='left'>Fargo</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Ohio</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Jas. K. Campbell,</td><td align='left'>Shreve</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Jas. R. Cochran,</td><td align='left'>Columbus</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Ralph D. Cole,</td><td align='left'>Columbus or Findlay</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Isadore H. Duke,</td><td align='left'>Cincinnati</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Oklahoma</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Eugene Atkins,</td><td align='left'>Muskogee</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Brig. Gen. Roy Hoffman,</td><td align='left'>Oklahoma City</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Oregon</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. Harry Critchlow,</td><td align='left'>Portland</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Carl B. Fenton,</td><td align='left'>Dallas</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Geo. Kelley,</td><td align='left'>Portland</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Col. F.W. Leadbetter,</td><td align='left'>Portland</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Geo. A. White,</td><td align='left'>Portland</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Pennsylvania</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Major Chas. J. Biddle,</td><td align='left'>Philadelphia</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Joseph F. Frayne,</td><td align='left'>Scranton</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Robt. E. Glendinning,</td><td align='left'>Philadelphia</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. John Price Jackson,</td><td align='left'>Harrisburg</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. George Jones,</td><td align='left'>Scranton</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Maj. Alexander Laughlin, Jr.,</td><td align='left'>Pittsburg</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Col. Asher Miner,</td><td align='left'>Wilkes-Barre</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. John R. Sproul,</td><td align='left'>Chester</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Bernard J. Voll,</td><td align='left'>Philadelphia</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Rhode Island</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Major Geo. E. Buxton, Jr.,</td><td align='left'>Providence</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Col. Everitte St. J. Chaffee,</td><td align='left'>Providence</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. W.C. Kendrick,</td><td align='left'>Pawtucket</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">South Carolina</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. W.C. Coward,</td><td align='left'>Cheraw</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Chas. C. Pinckney,</td><td align='left'>Charleston</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>C.T. Trenholm,</td><td align='left'>Charleston</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major W.D. Workman,</td><td align='left'>Greenville</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">South Dakota</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Capt. Lawrence R. Bates,</td><td align='left'>Sioux Falls</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Capt. Royal C. Johnson,</td><td align='left'>Aberdeen</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Ruble Lavery,</td><td align='left'>Vermilion</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Jos. F. Pfeiffer,</td><td align='left'>Rapid City</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Tennessee</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Col. James A. Gleason,</td><td align='left'>Knoxville</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Major Keith J. Harris,</td><td align='left'>Chattanooga</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. John Hays,</td><td align='left'>Memphis</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Col. Luke Lea,</td><td align='left'>Nashville</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major T.C. Thompson, Jr.</td><td align='left'>Chattanooga</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. C.W. Tomlinson,</td><td align='left'>Chattanooga</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Texas</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Capt. Stanley E. Kempner,</td><td align='left'>Galveston</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Col. H.D. Lindsley,</td><td align='left'>Dallas</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Col. H.B. Moore,</td><td align='left'>Texas City</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Utah</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Maj. H.H. McCartney,</td><td align='left'>Salt Lake City</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Gen. R.W. Young,</td><td align='left'>Salt Lake City</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Virginia</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. Frank G. Christian,</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. C. Francis Cocke,</td><td align='left'>Roanoke</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Col. Stuart McGuire,</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Vermont</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. Donald J. Emery,</td><td align='left'>Newport</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Eugene V. Finn,</td><td align='left'>St. Albans</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major H. Nelson Jackson,</td><td align='left'>Burlington</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Capt. Redfield Proctor,</td><td align='left'>Burlington</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Washington</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. R.W. Llewellen,</td><td align='left'>Seattle</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Major P.P. Marion,</td><td align='left'>Seattle</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Brig. Gen. Harvey J. Moss,</td><td align='left'>Seattle</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. John J. Sullivan,</td><td align='left'>N. Seattle</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Major R.H. Winsor,</td><td align='left'>Tacoma</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">West Virginia</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Capt. Fleming W. Alderson,</td><td align='left'>Charleston</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Walter S. Moore,</td><td align='left'>Huntington</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Thomas Schofield,</td><td align='left'>Wheeling</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lt. Col. Jackson A. Weston,</td><td align='left'>Charleston</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Wisconsin</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Edward F. Ackley,</td><td align='left'>Milwaukee</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. David Bloodgood,</td><td align='left'>Milwaukee</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Elmer S. Owens,</td><td align='left'>Milwaukee</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Col. Gilbert E. Seaman,</td><td align='left'>Milwaukee</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. John P. Szulcek,</td><td align='left'>Milwaukee</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="bld"><span class="smcap">Wyoming</span></p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Major A.S. Beach,</td><td align='left'>Lusk</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sgt. Morris A. Dinneen,</td><td align='left'>Cheyenne</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pvt. I.H. Larom,</td><td align='left'>Valley Ranch</td></tr> +</table> + +<p> </p> + +<table class="lft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>United American War Veterans,</td><td align='left'>Warren S. Fischer, Commander-in-Chief</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Comrades in Service,</td><td align='left'>Bishop Brent, President,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>National Legion of America,</td><td align='left'>Major Elihu Church,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>American Army Association,</td><td align='left'>Lt. Haywood Hillyer, General Secretary.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Just about this time it became most necessary to properly present the +Legion to those men who had remained at home and who had gotten out of +the Service, and to those who were incoming from France and rapidily +being demobilized, as it was upon them that the success of the Legion +depended. Furthermore, their opinions were the soil upon which the +various State organizations had to work, and at that particular time +it was vital that the Legion should be widely known and thoroughly +understood; that its aims and ambitions should not be misconstrued +either willfully or unintentionally, nor its precepts perverted. To +this end the temporary Chairman proceeded to publicize it in the most +thorough fashion. One-page bulletins briefly outlining the Legion's +aims and ambitions were distributed in every center where soldiers and +seamen gathered. Such places as Y.M.C.A. and K. of C. huts and War +Camp Community recreation centers were thoroughly informed, and +bulletins also were sent to every ship in the navy with the request +that they be placed on the ship's bulletin board.</p> + +<p>Literature about the Legion was placed on transports when they left +empty for France so that the men might read it in their leisure hours +returning home. In order to make sure that every soldier and sailor +would have the opportunity to know about the Legion this literature +was again placed on the transports as they arrived in New York harbor. +Various demobilization camps throughout the country were widely +placarded and in each instance the names of the Temporary State +Secretaries were given, and service men were invited to write to the +Secretaries in their particular States. Camp publications, newspapers, +and periodicals published for service men throughout the country were +bountifully supplied with Legion information and scores of them +carried special stories in regard to it. Bulletins and pamphlets were +distributed in hospitals, placed on bulletin boards, and given to the +patients. Every mayor of a town or city with a population above nine +hundred got a letter containing literature about the Legion with a +request that it be given publicity in the local press and then turned +over to the Chairman of the Welcome Home Committee. Certain national +magazines devoted a great deal of space to special articles explaining +the Legion.</p> + +<p>Three or four times a week the Foreign Press Bureau of the United +States Government sent stories about the Legion and its activities by +wireless to the ships on sea and to the men of the A.E.F. in +connection with its "Home News Service." In addition to the foregoing, +articles appeared almost daily in the press throughout the entire +country, and by the time the convention was ready to meet those who +ran and cared to read were fully informed that the American Legion was +an organization for veterans of the army, navy, and marine corp; that +it was non-partisan and non-political; that it stood for law and +order, decent living, decent thinking, and true Americanism.</p> + +<p>The wide publicity given to the Legion and its aims brought into the +Temporary Committee many amusing letters. Scores of them complained of +the published statement that it was non-partisan and non-political. +"Damn it all, we want it to be political and partisan," one angry +Westerner wrote. Another correspondent insisted that in view of the +fact that sons of Theodore Roosevelt, and Speaker Champ Clark were +interested, the Legion must be bi-partisan and bi-political. But most +of the letters were of a highly commendatory character, expressing the +deepest and widest possible interest. I recall that one of them came +from Junction City, Kansas, another from Old Town, Maine; one from +Delray, Texas, and others from Wolf Creek, Montana, Orlando, Florida, +and Ray's Crossing, Indiana, while a postal card making frantic +inquiries was dated Nome, Alaska, and arrived a week after the caucus +at St. Louis. I have mentioned these towns and localities because they +indicate how widespread and deep is the interest in the Legion. No +matter where a man came from to go into the army, the Legion will go +to him in his home now. Its members will range from fishermen on the +Florida Keys to the mail carriers on the Tanana in Alaska, from the +mill hands of New England to the cotton planters of the Mississippi +delta. All who wore the uniform may enroll just so long as the word +<i>Americanism</i> was inscribed in their hearts between April 6, 1917, and +November 11, 1918.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_IV" id="CHAPTER_IV"></a>CHAPTER IV</h2> + +<h3>THE ADVANCE COMMITTEE</h3> + +<p>When the St. Louisian puffed its way into the big smoke-begrimed +station in Missouri's largest city I looked about me for Bill, who was +going to meet me at the station. We had not met since our prep. school +and college days when Bill had been a thin, wizened little fellow, so +hollow-chested that he had to be sent to Colorado for almost two years +for his health. He came back to school looking better but before his +diploma was handed to him announcing to the world that he was a +full-fledged Bachelor of Arts, he had fallen apparently permanently +into the rut of ill-health. In fact I wondered, when we all sang <i>Auld +Lang Syne</i> in the fraternity house at the close of college, if I'd +ever see Bill again.</p> + +<p>From time to time I had heard from him in the years that followed, and +one day in the summer of 1917 he wrote me that he was on the way to +France.</p> + +<p>While I gazed up and down the smoke-laden platform, I got a slap on +the shoulder that sent me spinning, and there was the once emaciated +Bill, who seemed to have grown three inches and to have put on +seventy-five pounds.</p> + +<p>As we walked toward the taxicab stand I began to realize that instead +of an old friend, a stranger was beside me. True enough, he had the +same name and the same colored eyes, and his hair hadn't changed. But +the rather dreamy eye had cleared, the pale face of old was tanned, +and Bill's chest—the one he had gone to Colorado for—was bulging out +as he carried my two heavy suit cases like a pouter pigeon's at a +poultry show.</p> + +<p>What had happened to Bill? The little, quiet, timid youth of the past +was now a big, burly, strong-bodied, clear-minded man. As we entered +the taxi he was telling me that he "intended to raise hell if they +didn't take some action against this blank Bolshevism, and furthermore +that this new Legion was going to be the most tremendous organization +that the U.S.A. had ever seen." If he had told me that Swinburne's +<i>Faustine</i> was written in iambic hexameter it would have sounded more +like old times. But here was a new man, strong and virile, intensely +interested in the future of his nation.</p> + +<p>What had happened to Bill? Eighteen months in the army was the answer.</p> + +<p>The advanced delegation began to arrive in St. Louis, the afternoon of +May 5th. The Statler and Jefferson Hotels were packed because there +were two other conventions in progress. But our delegates needed no +badge to be distinguished from the others; there was a difference +between them and the other conventionites. There was the same +difference between the two as between the old Bill and the new Bill. +They too had had eighteen months in the army, and a coat of tan on +each one's face, his ruddy frame, and general atmosphere of a healthy +mind and a healthy body were unmistakable emblems.</p> + +<p>This advanced delegation, two from each State, had been requested to +come beforehand to meet on the morning of Tuesday, May 6th, so as to +formulate a working order of business on which the caucus might +proceed as soon as it assembled. There was another reason for this +meeting also. The temporary committee wanted to avoid any appearance +of having "framed up the caucus." By this it is meant that the +committee wanted to be able to say to the caucus that its working +procedure had been determined by a thoroughly representative body, a +democratic, advanced delegation composed of men from every State in +the Union. There were those critics of the Legion, who, had the +temporary committee formulated the caucus procedure, would have been +only too glad to have attempted to make trouble by saying it was a +controlled and made-to-order caucus—controlled and made-to-order by +the men who had taken the lead in it. In fact, during the early +morning of the first day the advanced committee met one delegation +arrived with blood in its eyes determined to wage a fight against +universal military training. One of the stories circulated at the time +was to the effect that the entire Legion was nothing but a blind +whereby a mysterious "Military Clique" was to gain supreme power over +the Legion's policies. It took but a very short while to convince the +would-be obstreperous delegation that the caucus was not the +convention and was empowered solely to organize a veterans' +association and not to adopt policies.</p> + +<p>The temporary committee in America determined at the very beginning +that no policies would be adopted at the caucus, that the Legion at +this time should follow in the footsteps of its comrades abroad in +stating that neither the men here nor the men there could, as +different units, adopt broad policies until a convention could be held +truly representing all men who had fought in the Great War.</p> + +<p>Colonel Roosevelt called the advanced committee to order a little +after two o'clock in the afternoon, in a small and very noisy parlor +in the Hotel Statler. The gavel which he used was made from wood from +the rudder of Admiral Peary's North Pole steamship <i>The Roosevelt</i>, +which had been presented to him by Colonel E. Lester Jones of +Washington, D.C.</p> + +<p>"The idea underlying the formation of the American Legion is the +feeling among the great mass of the men who served in the forces of +this country during the war, that the impulse of patriotism which +prompted their efforts and sacrifices should be so preserved that it +might become a strong force in the future for true Americanism and +better citizenship," Colonel Roosevelt said. He spoke very slowly and +measured his words carefully but emphasized them in a tone of deepest +conviction. "We will be facing troublous times in the coming years," +he continued "and to my mind no greater safeguard could be devised +than those soldiers, sailors, and marines formed in their own +association, in such manner that they could make themselves felt for +law and order, decent living and thinking, and truer 'nationalism.'"</p> + +<p>In this opening sentence, Colonel Roosevelt foreshadowed the spirit of +the entire caucus. These service men wanted an organization not for +their own special benefit, not that they might obtain pensions or +offices, but that they might become a power for truer Americanism and +better citizenship!</p> + +<p>Colonel Wood, the secretary, explained in greater detail the purpose +of the proposed Legion. He broached the subject of the reemployment +for soldiers, a legal department for the handling of insurance claims, +allotments, etc., and sketched the fundamental principles of the +organization as follows:</p> + +<p>First, its non-partisanship.</p> + +<p>Second, that this society should be equally for those whose duty +called them overseas and for those who were held by circumstances on +this side.</p> + +<p>Third, that it is fundamentally a civilian organization, one in which +all ranks, be they private or general, admiral or seaman, should have +an equal share and participation.</p> + +<p>Then the advance committeemen began themselves to talk. Each one, no +matter on what subject and regardless of the side he took upon it, was +permitted to air his feelings to the full satisfaction of himself at +least. Like the Paris Caucus, the discussion grew heated at times and +every now and then the chair was forced to remind overly fervid +orators that this was an advanced meeting of the caucus and not the +convention. There were those present who wanted to obligate the caucus +to go on record for or against universal military training, woman +suffrage, prohibition, permanent headquarters, and to elect permanent +officers, and each of these had to be shown that it would be unfair to +the men still in the A.E.F. to take such preëminently vital steps +without consulting them. Then there were those present who wanted to +exclude members of the regular army and navy from the Legion; that is, +to limit eligibility in the organization to those who could show +discharge papers from either the army, navy, or marine corps. This +measure was voted down and it was given as the sense of the advanced +committee meeting that those who served in the Great War would have +perfect liberty to join regardless of whether their service continued +in the military establishment after the armistice or after peace was +formally declared.</p> + +<p>The advanced committee outlined the order of business upon which the +caucus could proceed, named the various committees to be organized, +and discussed the resolutions which were deemed wise and expedient +topics for discussion.</p> + +<p>On Wednesday afternoon, delegates from every district in the country +began to arrive, almost one thousand new Bills, husky of frame, some +still in uniform with the red discharge chevron on their left sleeves; +others who had manifestly tried to get the new Bill into the old +Bill's 1916 suit of clothes, and still others in new bib and tucker, +looking exceedingly comfortable after almost two years in putties, +heavy shoes, and tight blouses.</p> + +<p>Every man came with one deep-rooted determination and that was to see +that no one "put anything over" which might make an organization so +embryonically useful take a fatal or selfish step. Each came, perhaps +imbued to a certain extent with his own particular ideas on how +everything should be conducted; but the radicalism, sectionalism, and +partisanship which would have marked a gathering of these same men +three years before was not present. The men who had thought that +nothing good could come except from south of the Mason and Dixon line +had fought side by side with woodsmen from Maine. The man who had +thought the East effete had done duty on a destroyer with a boy from +Harlem. Everybody realized full well that sectionalism must be +abandoned whenever it clashed with nationalism; and abandoned it was, +with right good will.</p> + +<p>The meeting of the advance committeemen justified itself as a very +wise and judicious action on the part of the temporary committee. Any +suspicion of a particular delegation that anything was "framed" was +quickly allayed after a conference with its advance committeemen. If a +man from Pennsylvania suspected that anything was on foot not to the +liking of the Keystone State he had only to ask his advance +committeeman, Colonel D'Olier, about it. Incidentally the personnel of +the advance committee was not so numerous that everybody couldn't know +what everybody else was doing. As a matter of fact, everybody did know +what everybody else was doing. One of the most peculiar facts of this +most interesting caucus was that when it came to "<i>pussy footing</i>" +pussy seemed to foot it on piano keys so far as secrecy was concerned +and in such a fashion that usually the <i>Star Spangled Banner</i> was +played. I know that the night and the morning before the caucus met +that there were many and various powwows and conferences, a great many +of which I attended, but there wasn't a one that I knew of or ever +heard about, the full details of which could not have been printed in +bold-faced type on the front page of every St. Louis newspaper and +have reflected credit on the powwowers as well as on the American +Legion.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_V" id="CHAPTER_V"></a>CHAPTER V</h2> + +<h3>THE ST. LOUIS CAUCUS, MAY 8, 9, AND 10</h3> + +<p>All during the morning of May 8th that delegation was constantly +getting together with this delegation; this leader conferring with +that one; was this question going to come up, and what would be done +if that question was tabled? Everybody interested, everybody excited, +everybody waiting to see the other fellow's hand at the show-down, +which was scheduled for the Shubert-Jefferson Theater at half-past two +o'clock in the afternoon. Of course, everybody had found out the +previous evening that every card in the pack was red, white, and blue, +and that, from the very beginning of the game, an attempt had been +made to keep the knaves out. As a matter of fact, they'd never been +in, but the new Bills who made up the delegations to this caucus were +going to look everybody over mighty carefully before any serious +playing was done.</p> + +<p>Suppressed excitement doesn't describe at all the half-hour preceding +the opening of the caucus, because the excitement was not suppressed +in the least. Eager, shining, tanned faces, eyes alert, heads erect, +straight-bodied and straight-talking men one by one took seats which +were assigned to them by delegations.</p> + +<p>A flashlight photograph of the gathering was made, but this caucus was +not one that could be pictured by the camera at all accurately. The +outstanding feature of this great get together was the spirit of the +men, and that no camera could catch.</p> + +<p>Three large wooden tiers of seats, the kind the circus has under +canvas, were built in a sort of semicircular fashion around the large +stage. The New York delegation occupied one of these tiers; the +Ohioans another, while the third was built for distinguished guests. +If any distinguished guests came they were entirely put out of the +limelight by the audience, for this was one show which was enacted +before the footlights rather than behind them, and, with one or two +exceptions the star performing took place where the spectators usually +sit. In fact, the only spectators that I saw were the newspaper men, +seated at tables within the corral formed by the tiers. All of them +had been in the army or navy or had seen the big show abroad as war +correspondents.</p> + +<p>When Theodore Roosevelt, as temporary chairman jammed that gaveled +bit of the rudder of the North Pole ship down hard on the table and +called the meeting to order he got what he had never received while in +the army: that is, direct disobedience. He commanded order, and there +was utter disorder. It was rank insubordination, distinctly requiring +court-martial of everyone present, from a military point of view—but +the American Legion isn't military! And so the delegates howled +joyously. Roosevelt, demanding order at this time, had just about as +much chance of getting it as the Kaiser has of making Prince Joachim +King of the Bronx. Somebody started a cheer, and the crowd didn't stop +yelling for two minutes and a half.</p> + +<p>"Young Teddy," as they called him, was manifestly surprised at the +ovation and tried repeatedly to get the crowd quiet. He wanted to be +pleasant and yet he wanted order and so between knocks with his gavel +he smiled. And a very engaging smile it was, too.</p> + +<p>"Gentlemen," he pleaded. "Gentlemen, a little order." Finally there +was comparative quiet. "Now let's proceed to the business of the +meeting. The floor is open for nominations for permanent chairman of +this caucus."</p> + +<p>Sergeant Jack Sullivan of the State of Washington got the floor. +Sergeant Jack is a husky northwesterner who did his bit in the +intelligence section in Seattle and has seen a lot of the Bolsheviki +out there.</p> + +<p>"In behalf of the State of Washington and representing the men of the +rank and file of the Pacific Northwest, it gives me pleasure at this +time to place for your consideration the name of a sterling patriot," +he shouted. "The man I am going to place in nomination proved himself +to be a one hundred per cent. true blooded American when his country's +honor was assailed. He was among the first who placed himself in the +front-line trenches, he was wounded twice, he was ready and willing to +make the supreme sacrifice in order that this world might be made safe +for democracy. I deem it an honor and a privilege, and the Pacific +Northwest deems it an honor and a privilege to place in nomination the +worthy son of a worthy sire—Theodore Roosevelt."</p> + +<p>The crowd seemed to know all along who Jack meant and it held its +enthusiasm in tether as best it could. But when Sullivan got to the +word Theodore, the Roosevelt was drowned out in the mightiest cheer +that is possible for eight or nine hundred throats to utter. The +second to the motion, made by Colonel Luke Lea of Tennessee, wasn't +heard at all. This time it took Colonel Roosevelt more than two +minutes to get order.</p> + +<p>"Gentlemen, I want to speak on that now," he shouted and during a +lull in the cheering managed to make himself heard. "I wish to say +that I want to withdraw my name from nomination—"</p> + +<p>But the "gang wouldn't hear to it." Somebody raised the old cry:</p> + +<p>"We want Teddy!" "We want Teddy!" "We want Teddy!" they chanted in +unison. Bedlam broke loose at that. Men stood on their seats and waved +their hats and handkerchiefs; some took their collars and neckties +off; some wept, some cursed for sheer joy and others—I believe that +when Gabriel blows his horn and all the dead arise that some of the +men who attended that caucus will try to make a speech! These speeches +were going on four and five at a time during the entire hullabaloo. It +didn't seem to matter in the least to the speakers that they weren't +being heard. They couldn't hear themselves. They added a little to the +noise and that satisfied the crowd and seemed to satisfy them.</p> + +<p>"Please, please let me talk," pleaded Colonel Roosevelt. He finally +got his plea over by means of the sign language.</p> + +<p>"I want to withdraw my name for a number of reasons," he continued. +"The first is that I want the country at large to get the correct +impression of this meeting here. We are gathered together for a very +high purpose. I want every American through the length and breadth of +this land to realize that there isn't a man in this convention who is +seeking anything for himself personally; that all of us are working +simply for the good of the entire country. I believe, furthermore, +that what we want here is someone who has been connected with the +movement only since it started on this side of the water, someone who +originates from the convention."</p> + +<p>The din started again.</p> + +<p>"No, no, gentlemen," shouted the Colonel. "I want to withdraw. It is +my earnest wish. It is my absolute determination."</p> + +<p>But the caucus seemed equally determined. "We want Teddy!" "We're +going to have Teddy!" "You got this thing going, you ought to run it." +Colonel Roosevelt paced up and down the stage, trying his best to +silence them. Then, during the din, one by one some of his oldest +friends went to him and begged him to accede to the crowd's wish. +"Take it Ted," they urged. "Take it." That underslung jaw of the young +Colonel's became rigid.</p> + +<p>"I won't do it. I can't do it," he answered.</p> + +<p>Then someone managed to make a motion that the nomination of Colonel +Roosevelt be made unanimous. It was seconded and made extremely +<i>unanimous</i>.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<a href="images/img004.jpg" id="img004"><img src="images/img004.jpg" width="375" height="500" alt="Theodore Roosevelt, Jr." title="" /></a> +</div> +<p class="center">Theodore Roosevelt, Jr.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<a href="images/img005.jpg" id="img005"><img src="images/img005.jpg" width="600" height="373" alt="Group on the Stage at St. Louis Caucus" title="" /></a> +</div> +<p class="center">Group on the Stage at St. Louis Caucus</p> + +<p>"Then, gentlemen, I accept and I resign," Colonel Roosevelt said. "I +want quiet for a moment here on this situation. This is something that +I have thought about and have given my most earnest consideration. I +am positive I am right on it. We must not have creep into this +situation, in which we all believe from the bottom of our hearts, the +slightest suspicion in the country at large. I don't think there is +any suspicion among us that anyone is trying to use it for his +personal advancement. But it is absolutely essential that this spirit +be proven. I am going to stick by this from the beginning down to the +very end because, in my opinion, we have got to create to-day the +impression all over the country on which this organization will carry +on and serve a great purpose for years to come."</p> + +<p>Again there were outbursts of applause for the Colonel. "We want +Teddy!" "We want Teddy!" the crowd cried again and again. Men ran to +the stage from the orchestra seats and even from the second balcony.</p> + +<p>"Take it, Colonel. You ought to take it," they urged.</p> + +<p>What the Colonel answered couldn't be heard but the jaw was working +and the head was shaking vigorously.</p> + +<p>A couple of newspaper men dashed up to him.</p> + +<p>"You oughtn't to take it, Colonel," one of them whispered. "If you +don't, it will give the lie to those who are saying the Legion is +being conducted for your special political benefit."</p> + +<p>"I haven't the slightest intention of taking it," he answered back.</p> + +<p>He didn't take it and he nailed the lie that the Legion was started to +further his own selfish ends.</p> + +<p>On motion of Colonel E. Lester Jones of the District of Columbia the +nominations were reopened again.</p> + +<p>Sergeant Haines of Maine put up the name of Colonel Henry D. Lindsley, +a banker of Dallas, Texas, and a prominent Southern Democrat, for +permanent chairman. Think of it! A man from Maine nominating a +Southern Democrat! One of the Ohio delegation seconded the nomination. +Think of that too! Colonel Claud Birkhead of San Antonio, Texas, +leader of the Texas delegation "thirded" the nomination. He told +Colonel Lindsley's record. The Colonel had been Mayor of his home +city, and during the war had served his country so well in France that +he had been awarded the Distinguished Service Medal. He and Major +Willard Straight, now dead, had started the War Risk Insurance Bureau +abroad and, at the time of the caucus, Colonel Lindsley was the head +of the Bureau under the Treasury Department in Washington.</p> + +<p>Minutes of a meeting usually are dry but here I am going to quote +directly from them because they tell the story in the most vivid way. +Fancy between the lines, please, dozens of cheers, a couple of rebel +yells, a great deal of talking and shouting for "T.R.!" "T.R.!" and a +Babelous babble that ebbed or flowed according to the strength Colonel +Roosevelt used in wielding his gavel.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Colonel Jones</span> (of Washington, D.C.): "Mr. Chairman, I personally feel, +and I think I voice the unanimous sentiment of this organization, that +your withdrawal is a mistake. We are not only sincere, but we are +telling you what is in the bottom of our hearts. We are weighing also +the sincerity which you have expressed, and in deference to your +wishes, which I know have not arisen spontaneously but which you have +talked about for some time, regarding the chairmanship of this +committee, I think we should not embarrass you further. I have one in +mind who I feel is going to be a man who will do credit to this +organization—"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Abbott </span>(of Ohio): "Gentlemen of the caucus, I think we are wasting +time around here. I can't see why we can't have for the permanent +chairman of this convention the man who will be elected in November."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Chairman</span>: "Gentlemen, can't you see how it is? I can't possibly +change my convictions. I can't go back on what I have told you without +everybody, who doesn't understand the situation here, feeling that I +have just come out here to make a grandstand play. I am right. I am +absolutely sincere and right."</p> + +<p>A motion was made that Colonel Theodore Roosevelt temporarily yield +the chair to Colonel Bennett Clark.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Colonel Bennett Clark</span>: "It is very evident what the desire of this +convention is. I know that Colonel Lindsley of Texas was only put in +nomination in response to the express wishes and repeated +determination of Colonel Roosevelt. I think that that explanation +should be made in justice to Colonel Lindsley. I think that Colonel +Roosevelt should take this chairmanship or if he doesn't want to take +it he should be made to take it. (Applause.) The chair will recognize +a motion to that effect."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Captain Boyce</span> (of New York shouting to a yelling audience): "What is +the use of our acting like a lot of kids? Just one minute; only one +man can talk at a time and get anywhere. Colonel Roosevelt will not +take it."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Colonel Bennett Clark</span>: "The chair will recognize nobody until the +convention is in order. It has been moved and seconded that Colonel +Roosevelt be elected chairman of this convention by acclamation."</p> + +<p>Cries of approval from the audience and a request for the question.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Colonel Bennett Clark</span>: "On that the chair will take the responsibility +of ordering a roll call. (Applause.) The Secretary will call the +roll."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Secretary Wood</span>: "The motion is that Colonel Roosevelt be nominated by +acclamation. The chairman has directed me to call the roll by States. +Alabama—"</p> + +<p>A call for a point of order.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Delegate</span>: "After nominations have been made and closed a roll call +cannot be taken."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Colonel Clark</span>: "The chair was fully aware that he was proceeding +outside of parliamentary law because it was the unanimous wish of the +convention."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Sullivan</span>: "I move that a roll call be made on the original +nominations."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Colonel Clark</span>: "Colonel Roosevelt has expressed to me his absolute +desire that that not be done. He refuses to enter into a contest with +Colonel Lindsley in any way."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Colonel Jones</span> (Washington, D.C.): "Mr. Chairman, the nominations were +reopened."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Colonel Clark</span>: "The chair is informed that while he was on the way up +here a motion was carried to reopen nominations after the resignation +of Colonel Roosevelt. Now nominations are again in order."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Major Samuel D. Royce</span> (Indiana): "On behalf of the State of Indiana, I +nominate Colonel Theodore Roosevelt."</p> + +<p>The motion was seconded.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Colonel Clark</span>: "The gentleman from the District of Columbia has the +floor. Others please be quiet."</p> + +<p>Here I must inject my story into the minutes again. Colonel Roosevelt +saw the convention was "getting away to a Roosevelt finish" again, to +use a racing term, and he sent a hurry call to the Arizona delegation +for Colonel Jack Greenway.</p> + +<p>Jack Greenway followed the elder Roosevelt up San Juan hill. He wears +underneath his civilian coat to-day, but right over his heart, a +Distinguished Service Cross won at Cantigny.</p> + +<p>"Jack, for Heaven's sake, tell them I won't take it," Colonel +Roosevelt plead.</p> + +<p>It was just at this moment that Colonel Clark, the acting chairman, +was saying: "The gentleman from the District of Columbia has the +floor. Others please be quiet...."</p> + +<p>Colonel Jack waving one arm at the chairman and another at the +audience strode to the center of the stage.</p> + +<p>The minutes read:</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Colonel Jack Greenway</span>: "Will you give me the floor? I won't keep you +five minutes.</p> + +<p>"My name is Greenway but that doesn't mean anything to you. Gentlemen, +Colonel Roosevelt has said that he is not going to take the nomination +of the caucus and you can take it from me that he is not going to do +it. Now wait a minute. Whoa! Quit yelling! I know this Roosevelt +outfit and when they say something they mean it. I followed his daddy +through Cuba and I know. I saw this boy in the first division at +Cantigny and on the Toul Front and I know that he means he is not +going to take the chairmanship of this temporary caucus. There is a +big misunderstanding about what you are trying to do. I have just +talked to Colonel Roosevelt and he says that he will not be a +candidate for the temporary caucus, but if, after all the boys come +home at the convention in November, it is still the desire of that +body as a whole, he will give the matter reconsideration." (Applause.)</p> + +<p>Colonel Roosevelt resumes the chairmanship.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Chairman</span>: "Mr. Lindsley, the gentleman of Texas is in nomination +for chairman. I mean absolutely what I say. I can't do it. I won't +serve if elected. What you have done will always be a great memory to +my family. (Applause.) I mean that, gentlemen! I mean that! Now is +there anybody else you want to put in nomination? I absolutely mean +that for the good of the cause; you have got to do what I say on that.</p> + +<p>"Gentlemen, I believe the nominations were reopened."</p> + +<p>Now I must again put the minutes by for a moment, for Bill has come to +the stage and what he says doesn't get into the minutes, although I +wish his remarks were there:</p> + +<p>"That was pretty fine in him," Bill said, pointing to Colonel +Roosevelt. I nodded only, for somehow this whole thing had got to me +pretty strong and I felt like crying for some unaccountable reason.</p> + +<p>"And then he gives his family the credit for all this yelling," Bill +was saying. "We like his family all right, but say, this wasn't to +compliment his family, not by a darn sight. Why, you know that young +Colonel's got a h—— of a fine record himself—"</p> + +<p>But somebody within an inch of my ear was letting out a warwhoop for +Jack Sullivan who had just been nominated for permanent chairman and +I didn't hear the last of Bill's remark.</p> + +<p>Sergeant Sullivan got up and tried to withdraw in favor of Colonel +Lindsley, and Colonel Lindsley did the same thing and each was refused +the opportunity. Colonel Lindsley then took the floor. "Comrades," he +said, "I want you to know that I came here for one man for the +chairman of this caucus, and that man was Theodore Roosevelt. He has +refused it absolutely. I appreciate the support that has been given to +my name. If honored with the chairmanship I shall be glad to serve, +but it is important that we get to business immediately. I am certain +that Mr. Sullivan will make an excellent presiding officer. If I had +the right, I should be glad to withdraw my name in his favor. But the +point is, gentlemen, let's get to business. This is the greatest +meeting that has ever gathered in the United States, and it is not so +material who is chairman of the meeting as it is to proceed to +business."</p> + +<p>While the roll is being called let's glance around the theater again. +Most of the men in uniform are enlisted men. It is difficult to tell +at a glance just what rank or rating the majority of those present +held in the army or navy because in civilian clothing the officer and +the man are indistinguishable. I mean to say that our army was +different from most other military establishments. Being primarily a +citizen affair it was really representative. It was the desire of the +temporary committee that sixty per cent. of the delegates should be +enlisted men and when the call for the caucus was issued that was set +forth most plainly. No one seems to have taken the trouble to check +the thing up at the caucus. Anyone desiring to do so can find the +information in this volume. I was interested at the opening of the +caucus to know just what the percentage was, but after it got into +swing it didn't make any difference. No one cared. There was talk +(among officers) of making an enlisted man permanent chairman. The +only persons that I heard objecting to such a procedure were the +enlisted men themselves.</p> + +<p>"We've forgotten all that stuff about rank. If the officers insist on +an enlisted man they'll make a mistake. We want the best man and +because we're in the majority in the organization we don't want to +discriminate against the officer. Taken as a whole, he was a mighty +fine sort."</p> + +<p>This from Sergeant Laverne Collier of the Idaho delegation when I +asked him what he thought of the enlisted man idea. While we were +talking about it the vote was being cast on Lindsley and Sullivan. As +if to reecho Collier's sentiments, Sullivan got up and demanded that +Lindsley's election should be made unanimous, and so it was.</p> + +<p>Colonel Roosevelt promptly put Sullivan's name in nomination for +vice-chairman. Mr. Abbott of Ohio seconded it and further moved that +the sergeant's election be made unanimous. Sergeant Jack Sullivan was +elected by acclamation. Then Colonel Wood was chosen secretary, the +rules of the House of Representatives were decided upon to govern the +procedure, and debate was limited to five minutes.</p> + +<p>Insistence on that point was unnecessary. Our new American back from +the wars has been too accustomed to action to like words that aren't +concise and aimed right at the heart of the point. There was a good +deal of noise and talk at this particular juncture and someone moved +the appointment of a sergeant at arms. Captain A.L. Boyce of Boyce's +Tigers (those young men who drilled so persistently in Central Park in +New York preparing for the war) was picked. While this guardian of the +peace was being appointed at least five gentlemen from as many +delegations started to speak at once, perhaps against the five-minute +debate rule, and in the confusion a delegate, whom Checkers might have +described as carrying a load he should have made three trips with, +took the platform and began something that sounded about as +intelligible as Cicero's oration against Catiline in the original.</p> + +<p>"Do I understand, Mr. Chairman, that a sergeant at arms has been +appointed?" shouted Mr. J.L. Walsh of the Pennsylvania delegation.</p> + +<p>"That's right," answered the chairman.</p> + +<p>"Then let's have him get busy," rejoined Mr. Walsh. "We didn't come +down here for a vaudeville show or to be entertained by some boob, +because we've got boobs back home."</p> + +<p>After this remark, the minutes read "Laughter and applause" but that +doesn't half describe it.</p> + +<p>Captain Boyce "got busy" and if the minutes could record the result of +his actions they would probably read "Order restored—almost. Quieter, +for a time."</p> + +<p>Colonel Lindsley made a splendid presiding officer. None could have +done better, but as the stenographer who took the minutes remarked +(and she was convention-worn because she had attended so many): "This +is the funnest meeting I ever wrote up." Right. It was the funniest +meeting—funny being used in the sense of unusual as the stenographer +meant it—that anyone ever saw. In fact it was unique; absolutely the +only one of its kind. Because the delegates were unique. There never +was anything like them in all the history of the country. They had +gone into training camps like Bill, very tired, anæmic, with a shop +and office pallor; and they came out of the war like Bill,—new, +virile, interested, placing a value on themselves which would have +been unthinkable prior to April 6, 1917.</p> + +<p>But they placed a greater value on this organization which was so near +the heart of all of them. No better proof of it can be shown than the +incident which has just been described, viz., the refusal of Theodore +Roosevelt to be the permanent chairman. Although I do not pretend to +be able to explain the processes of thought and reasoning which led +Colonel Roosevelt to take the action he did, still I do know this +much! There are very few young men who would have been so deaf to the +plaudits of the multitude, to the advice of old friends and to the +still small voice of personal ambition as he was in refusing. I +maintain that this refusal was by no means altogether prompted by +anything of an hereditary nature but, rather, by the experiences and +environment which had been Colonel Roosevelt's during the war. It took +more than an under-slung jaw and a rugged Rooseveltian determination +to refuse this great honor. It took <i>discipline</i>, and Colonel +Roosevelt knew how to inflict that upon himself just as he did upon +his troops whenever it was wise and necessary.</p> + +<p>In much smaller, but no less important matters, did I see other men +practice discipline upon themselves. I saw men forego the discussion +of subjects in which they believed with all their hearts and with all +their minds solely for the purpose of doing nothing that would tend to +disrupt the Caucus or give the impression throughout the United States +that the men who had stuck together so closely in times of daring and +danger could not still stick and face, as a band of brothers in the +American Legion, any perils or pitfalls which peace might hold for +this country. Therefore, it seems to me that Colonel Roosevelt's +action was more than a manifestation of his own sterling determination +to do nothing which might hurt the Legion. It was archtypical.</p> + +<p>Major Hamilton Fish of New York called attention to the fact that the +navy was unrepresented in the offices of the caucus and moved that a +second vice-chairman should be appointed from that branch of the +service. A delegate from Missouri seconded the motion and amended it +to read that a third vice-chairman should be appointed from the marine +corps.</p> + +<p>During the election of these officers enthusiasm reached a high pitch +and in no more striking manner did the new American reveal his new +character.</p> + +<p>"Gentlemen," said one dignified delegate (I don't know who let him in, +because just from the way he said "gentlemen" we all knew that once in +his life he had practiced oratory before the bureau mirror), "I want +to place in nomination the name of a man who is true blue—"</p> + +<p>"Name him," shouted the crowd.</p> + +<p>"He is not only true blue but he is thoroughly everything he ought to +be in addition—" continued the orator, coldly trying to squelch the +crowd.</p> + +<p>"Name him." "Shut up." "Aw, sit down." "Who wants to listen to such +'bull' as that?"</p> + +<p>Each of those sentences was roared by a different man.</p> + +<p>"This gentleman is one of whom I am sure you will be proud—" +persisted the orator, but at this direct violation of its edict the +crowd began to scream its maledictions and Captain Boyce could not +have stopped them with all his Tigers if the gentleman orator hadn't +taken his seat in a most dignified manner, never to rise +again—doubtless as a rebuke for the gang, but one which was +thoroughly appreciated.</p> + +<p>Thus the way of orators in the caucus!</p> + +<p>The navy men who were nominated consisted of Goerke of New York; +Goldberg, Illinois; Chenoweth, Alabama; Almon, Montana; Humphrey, New +Mexico; McGrath, New Jersey; and Evans of Kentucky. The secretary took +the vote by delegations. When Goerke got a vote the New York crowd +yelled itself hoarse; New Mexico did the same for Humphrey; Alabama +cheered like mad for Chenoweth and it wasn't long before everybody +picked out his candidate and yelled furiously every time he got a +vote. The New Mexico delegation occupied a proscenium box but Humphrey +wasn't prominent enough there to suit his delegation. Before anyone +thoroughly realized what was happening, Seaman Humphrey appeared on +the stage, borne on the shoulders of two colonels! Two men who had +eagles on their shoulders, U.S. on their collars, and gold chevrons on +their left sleeves carried on their shoulders a "gob," a sailorman, a +deck-swabbing bluejacket, as he called himself.</p> + +<p>It was the beginning of a cavalcade of noise that fairly made ear +drums ache, and, incidentally, proved a signal for the backers of +other candidates. Goerke soon was lifted aloft by a half dozen New +Yorkers; Chenoweth was exhibited to the general view from the section +of the orchestra occupied by his delegation, while Illinois paraded +up and down the aisles with Goldberg. Colonel Lindsley hammered the +speaker's table almost to pieces in an attempt to get order and then +gave it up for a few minutes as a bad job. Captain Boyce succeeded in +getting a semblance of it, when everybody got tired of carrying the +candidates and of shouting. Then the secretary again started taking +the vote by delegations. No one of the candidates received a majority +of the votes which was necessary under the procedure adopted at the +beginning of the caucus. Then began the withdrawals. This State +withdrew its vote from Goerke and cast it for Humphrey; Chenoweth +withdrew from the race and his vote went to Goerke, et cetera. A +similar situation resulted on the second count and finally Goerke +withdrew in favor of Humphrey. When Evans took the same action, +Humphrey (first name Fred), described as the "rough-riding sailor from +New Mexico," was elected.</p> + +<p>Humphrey's speech of acceptance delighted the hearts of those who had +forced the would-be orator to sit down at the beginning of the +nominations.</p> + +<p>"Mr. Chairman, gobs, soldiers, and marines," Humphrey said: "I am most +glad and gracious to accept this honorary position and I will do +everything that a deck-swabbing sailorman can do to fill it."</p> + +<p>The first day's session closed with the appointment by the various +States of representatives on the following committees: Executive +Committee; Credentials; Temporary Name of Organization; Organization; +Resolutions; Constitution and By-Laws and Declaration of Principles; +Next Meeting Place and Time; Publication; Emblem; Permanent +Headquarters, and Finance.</p> + +<p>The personnel of these committees will be found elsewhere.</p> + +<p>Thursday evening and Friday morning were devoted largely to committee +meetings and different sections of the country came together to +discuss matters of particular interest to special localities. For +instance, the Western delegations discussed the question of +Bolshevism, because the symptoms of this mad disease had been more +apparent in that section of the country than in any other. The +question of color was practically decided in a meeting of the +Executive Committee and was ratified later by various delegations +representing the Southern States. Everybody was pleased. An attempt +was made by the leaders of each delegation to keep such questions as +might be "<i>loaded with dynamite</i>" off the actual floor of the caucus +so that those lacking in discretion might not have the opportunity to +throw the caucus into an uproar.</p> + +<p>In fact it was this spirit—the desire on everybody's part to give in +to a certain extent on any mooted question for the sake of general +harmony that was a marked feature of the gathering. In the committee +meetings were found delegates with radically different opinions on +almost every question. It was not an uncommon thing, however, to see a +delegate very heatedly advocate a certain side of an issue; listen to +the opposing side, rise, and with equal heat and fervency advocate the +opposite point of view.</p> + +<p>This spirit is highly significant. It will be one of the Legion's +greatest powers. It was and is due to the fact that these new +Americans are not cursed with fixed ideas. They have seen too much, +lived through too much in their comparatively short lives to be +narrow-minded. Over in the A.E.F. the former hod-carrier often turned +out to be too good as a construction manager for any officer to +despise his opinions. One noticeable characteristic of the American +Legion delegate was the respect which he had for the other man's views +and his willingness to admit outright that he was wrong in a thing or +to go at least halfway with the opponent of his particular ideas. This +was the saving grace of the caucus and this will be the saving grace +of the Legion for the spirit which was manifested there is the spirit +which will prevail at Minneapolis, and for always, because the +American sailor and soldier will not change.</p> + +<p>It was interesting to see these modern American soldiers side by side +with the veterans of the Civil War. The Grand Army of the Republic +Post, the local Bivouac of the United Confederate Veterans, and the +Spanish War Veterans gave a joint reception for the delegates at the +Missouri Athletic Club which included a smoker and a vaudeville +entertainment furnished by the War Camp Community Service.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VI" id="CHAPTER_VI"></a>CHAPTER VI</h2> + +<h3>THE LEGION AND THE BOLSHEVIKI</h3> + +<p>The second session of the caucus began at half past two o'clock Friday +afternoon. Like its predecessor it started with a bang. Nominations +were made for the third vice-chairman who was to be selected from the +marine corps. The first nomination was a wounded man, at the time in +the Walter Reed Hospital at Washington and who had won the +Distinguished Service Cross at Château-Thierry. Then came the name of +Sergeant Woolley of Utah, quickly followed by the name of P.C. Calhoun +of Connecticut, put up by Mr. Black of Louisiana; the name of Major +Leonard of the District of Columbia also was put in nomination and +then the slate was closed.</p> + +<p>True to the spirit of the previous meeting the caucus was soon in an +uproar of applause for each of the four candidates, three of whom were +marched to the stage. Calhoun was elected, with the result that his +ardent brother delegates from Connecticut treated him like a football +hero by placing him on their shoulders and performing a snake dance. +Marines are no more garrulous than sailor men, for Calhoun's speech of +acceptance was just about as long as Humphrey's. While Calhoun was +being bombed by flashlight cameras Mr. Smoot of Utah moved that a vote +of thanks should be tendered to Colonel Roosevelt and other Legion +members who had been active in the preliminary work which insured the +success of the caucus and this was seconded by Major Wickersham of New +York. One of the most rousing ayes of the entire caucus carried the +motion.</p> + +<p>Cries of "speech" brought Colonel Roosevelt before the footlights. His +remarks were just about as long as Humphrey's and Calhoun's. To be +specific he said: "Gentlemen, it is going to be a short speech because +I think we have got a lot of business to do. Thank you."</p> + +<p>Just about this time the committee reports began to come in, the first +of which, that of the Credential Committee, brought the question of +Bolshevism to the floor of the caucus. The report read as follows:</p> + +<p>"We recommend that all delegates to the American Legion selected and +now functioning from the various States, districts, and territories, +be seated and accredited with full vote, and that all organizations +organized and having delegates here be allowed one vote with the +exception of the Soldiers and Sailors Council, which delegation the +Credential Committee recommends shall be excluded from the caucus."</p> + +<p>S.H. Curtin, the representative of the Soldiers and Sailors Council of +Seattle, pending the action of the Credential Committee, had been +accorded a vote at the previous session on all questions that came up +before it. The fact that Colonel Wood, the Secretary, took this action +was in line with the general spirit of fair play, which was the +keynote of the caucus. The Credential Committee's report elicited +shouts of approval. Chairman Lindsley after bringing the house to +order again said:</p> + +<p>"I understand that the delegate from the Soldiers and Sailors Council +is here and asks to be heard. Gentlemen, the members of the Committee, +I assume, had full knowledge of facts which warranted that report, but +there are men here who have not that knowledge. Shall we hear him?"</p> + +<p>This statement aroused mixed emotions but Mr. Curtin came to the +platform. Word having spread through the theater that he represented +the "real Bolshevik outfit" in Seattle, a great many of the delegates +began to hoot, jeer, and make cat calls.</p> + +<p>"Give me a square deal, give me a hearing," Curtin shouted.</p> + +<p>"Give the man a hearing," echoed Colonel Roosevelt, who sat with the +New York delegation. "Yes, give him a hearing." shouted the majority +of the delegates and when the chair had procured order, Curtin made +his plea.</p> + +<p>"I wish to say, by way of introduction, that though I come from the +State of Washington, I am not a member of the Washington Delegation," +he said, "I say that out of deference to the members from that State +for the reason that I wish to prejudice nobody here against the +Washington Delegation. I am not an I.W.W. I never have been and I +never intend to be I never have shown any Bolshevik tendency and I +defy any man present to prove to the contrary. If you've got proof +that Sherman H. Curtin ever was an I.W.W. or made a Bolshevik +statement, say so?" He paused here but none answered him to the +contrary</p> + +<p>"It is true that the organization which I represent has had in the +past some I.W.W.'s, and it is true that there are some I.W.W.'s in it +now," he continued; "but I am in that organization for the purpose of +throwing those I.W.W.'s out. I got in there for the purpose of kicking +them out and I want your help."</p> + +<p>Here he was interrupted by applause.</p> + +<p>"At the present time, we (when I say we, I mean the particular +conservative element which I represent in that organization) have +control of the Board and practically all except one office of the +organization. We are doing everything in our power to make that a one +hundred per cent. American organization, and one of the things that I +came down here for was to see that the Legion had in its constitution +as a preamble that we pledge ourselves to the principles of democracy +as set forth in the constitution of the United States of America.</p> + +<p>"I, personally, was the man who rewrote the constitution of the +Soldiers and Sailors Council. It was written wrong when I got in there +so I changed it. I want you men to stand behind me and help me make +this fight. My organization did not give me permission to come here +and join this, just as I presume some of your organizations did not +give you permission, for the reason that they did not know what this +was going to be; but I can see from the spirit that this organization +has, that so far, it is on the right path and I am with it and I want +you with me.</p> + +<p>"I am already only and wholly for the purpose of doing what good we +can for the elimination of I. W.W.'s and Bolsheviki. If you are +against that, I am with you and if you are with me, I am with you.</p> + +<p>George Pratt of Louisiana rose.</p> + +<p>"With your permission," he said to the chairman, "I would like to ask +the gentleman one question." "Sir," turning to Curtin, "is it or is it +not true that you re-wrote the constitution now in effect for your +organization, and is it not true that it is so worded that American +Army and Naval officers or former army and navy and marine officers of +the United States are not eligible? Is that true?"</p> + +<p>"I will answer that question and I will answer it in a fair way," Mr. +Curtin replied.</p> + +<p>"Say yes or no. Is it true?" Mr. Pratt demanded.</p> + +<p>"Yes," shouted the crowd. "Say yes or no. Is it true?"</p> + +<p>Then pandemonium broke loose in the meeting. The cat calls and boos +were renewed. "Put him out!" "Put him out!" "Shut him up!" the crowd +demanded. And here I want to pause a moment to say that the enlisted +men present gave a mighty concrete sign of the approval of their +officers by this denunciation of the constitution of Curtin's outfit.</p> + +<p>"I am not here for the purpose of being persecuted," Mr. Curtin +shouted. "I am not asking no or yes to anything. But I will say to the +gentleman who questioned me that while it is true in letter it is not +true in spirit."</p> + +<p>At this juncture Mr. Simon, of the Washington delegation, said that in +all fairness to Sergeant Curtin he wanted to say that during the +recent demonstration of Bolshevism in Seattle, Curtin commanded a +machine gun company on the side of right and law and order.</p> + +<p>"I do not speak for his organization," Simon said, "but I speak for a +clique in it, headed by Sergeant Curtin, who went into that +organization to clean it up, to make it a fair and square one hundred +per cent. American organization." The applause of Simon's remarks had +scarcely died down when General Moss succeeded in gaining the floor.</p> + +<p>"I want to say to the members of this delegation," he said, "that I +led the fight against the soldiers' and sailors' organization before +the Credential Committee, and I want to say to you gentlemen that we +didn't lead a fight personally against this man, but against his +organization.' We know the outfit in our country and we do not want +that organization in unless the Americans in it come in as +individuals. I want to say that we are to be organized here on a basis +of one hundred per cent, true Americanism.</p> + +<p>"I asked Curtin in the presence of the committee if he represented a +minority or a majority in his outfit and he admitted that he +represented the minority."</p> + +<p>"But we can lick a majority," Curtin shouted back. "I want Captain +McDonald who had charge of the Intelligence Department at Camp Lewis +to say a word on this subject. He knows the history of my organization +and I would like to have him give it to you." But if Curtin counted on +McDonald to help him he reckoned without his host.</p> + +<p>Captain McDonald rose and speaking with great deliberation said:</p> + +<p>"I have been an American soldier for thirty years. I was a regular +telegraph officer at the time of the Bolshevik trouble. I established +stations at Seattle and Camp Lewis and this man represents the real +element that we are all working against. Personally he is all right +but he is backing that organization because he wants to represent it. +If he desires to be admitted into the Legion let him get loose from +that outfit and come in by himself."</p> + +<p>Captain McDonald's statement was greeted with enthusiasm.</p> + +<p>"Are you ready for the question?" demanded the chairman.</p> + +<p>The caucus certainly was.</p> + +<p>"Those favoring the adoption of the credentials report vote aye," he +cried.</p> + +<p>That aye could almost have been heard in Seattle itself.</p> + +<p>That aye answered the question of what the American soldier thinks of +Bolshevism or anything tainted with it. That aye answered the lying +statement that our troops abroad had been inoculated with the germ of +the world's greatest mental madness.</p> + +<p>That aye marked the distinction between a grouch caused by a +cootie-lined bunk and a desire to place a bomb under the Capitol at +Washington.</p> + +<p>I have intimated that the chief aim of each delegate was to see that +no one "put anything over" at this caucus. I think that the only other +determination which might rival that in intensity was most apparent at +the mention of anything that pertained to or bordered on Bolshevism. +This incident of ousting Curtin's organization was not the only +manifestation of it by any means, although it was perhaps the most +striking on the floor of the caucus. But, outside the caucus, in the +hotel lobbies, and in the various committee rooms, whenever the +subject came up these soldier and sailor men, in almost every +instance, got mad—damn mad.</p> + +<p>"The trouble with these people who talk Bolshevism is that they don't +know anything about our country," I heard one of them say.</p> + +<p>Another quickly interrupted him with, "The big thing the Legion's got +to teach is Americanism and let those crack-brained fools know just +what this country stands for." While still another injected, "The +average 'long-beard' has been so crazed by persecution in Russia that +he would mistake Peacock Alley in the Waldorf-Astoria in New York for +a Siberian coal mine."</p> + +<p>This last remark brought forth a laugh, and though it was whimsically +made it illuminated the matter under discussion very well, I thought. +In fact, the whole conversation made clear to me one of the +fundamental missions the Legion must perform.</p> + +<p>The seeds of Americanism which Legion members sow to-day will be +reaped, not only to-day but in the generations of to-morrow. The +Soldiers and Sailors Council, Seattle, was thrown out and its +representative knew why. But, if Jack Sullivan and his red, white, and +blue colleagues in the State of Washington preach in the future what +they did at this caucus, the children of those northwestern Bolsheviki +will not only salute the Stars and Stripes, but will know <i>why</i> they +do so. They will know what their fathers don't—that the constitution +means Americanism and that Americanism means "life, liberty, and +pursuit of happiness."</p> + +<p>In most conventions the reports of committees are invariably adopted. +There are many reasons for this, the particular one being the theory +that when a set of men are placed on a task they will study the +situation in all its angles, in all its ramifications, in all its +different phases and that its report should therefore be adopted +because of this expert thought and study on the matters under +consideration. I say that most conventions do this. Once as a +newspaper man, I attended an undertakers' convention. It always did +so. And at another time I attended a manufacturers' gathering where +this procedure was invariably followed out. But how about at St. +Louis? Not on your life! The delegates of the American Legion were +neither like undertakers nor manufacturers nor like any-other business +men that I ever saw during ten years on a Metropolitan newspaper. The +new American doesn't do business that way.</p> + +<p>Witness the report of the Committee on Name. This report read: +"We, your Committee on Name, unanimously make the following +recommendation—that the name of this organization be the American +Legion of World War Veterans." The chairman had scarcely finished +asking: "What is your pleasure gentlemen" when Major Wickersham got +the floor and moved an amendment that the name be "The American +Legion." This was seconded by Mr. Cochrane of Ohio and then came the +argument about it.</p> + +<p>Mr. Shank of Ohio, thought that the American Legion did not convey a +sufficient meaning to the average civilians. "The American Legion +might be an organization of street cleaners, it doesn't signify +soldiers. It isn't comprehensive enough," he said. Mr. Larry of +Florida countered with, "Go ahead and call it American Legion, we will +soon show them what it means."</p> + +<p>Mr. Walsh of Pennsylvania, suggested that the A.E.F. knew what it was +doing when they called it the American Legion. "Let us honor them and +respect them by calling it the American Legion," he urged. Colonel E. +Lester Jones, of Washington, stated the name had been considered by +the committee most carefully and—</p> + +<p>But why go into all the arguments. The motion to call it the American +Legion was carried amid cheering and as such the name will go down +into the history of things well done for America.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VII" id="CHAPTER_VII"></a>CHAPTER VII</h2> + +<h3>THE LEGION WON'T MEET AT CHICAGO</h3> + +<p>We have arrived at what is the most significant event of this session +of the caucus, if not of the entire gathering. The caucus has already +shown its spirit in ousting the Soldiers and Sailors Council because, +in its opinion, it could not measure up to one hundred per cent. +Americanism, and now we shall see what the same simon-pure brand of +red, white, and blueism is demanded of the second largest city in the +United States.</p> + +<p>It came about in the most dry, matter-of-fact way. Let the minutes of +the meeting form the introduction for it.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Chairman</span>: "Next is the report of the Committee on the Next Meeting +Place and Time."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Secretary Wood</span> (reading): "From the Committee on Next Meeting Place +and Time, to the Chairman of the American Legion; action of the +Committee.</p> + +<p>"Meeting called to order at 10:30 A.M. this day at the Shubert +Jefferson Theater.</p> + +<p>"Charles S. Caldwell, of New Mexico, unanimously elected chairman.</p> + +<p>"Frank M. Ladd, Jr., of Alabama, Secretary.</p> + +<p>"The majority of the States being represented as per attached list +voted unanimously for Chicago as next meeting place. Date being set as +November 10, 11, and 12, 1919.</p> + +<p class="rght">"Respectfully submitted,</p> +<p class="rght">"CHARLES S. CALDWELL, <i>Chairman</i>,</p> +<p class="rght">"FRANK M. LADD, JR., <i>Secretary</i>."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Sexton</span> (of Illinois): "When you consider your place for your next +convention tell Chicago what you want, and in response to that Chicago +will answer you. 'We will give you whatever you want.'"</p> + +<p>Then the excitement started. Mr. Dietrick of Pennsylvania moved to +amend the report of the committee. "By striking out the word Chicago +and substituting therefore the city from the State which furnished +more soldiers than another state—the city of Pittsburgh."</p> + +<p>This elicited great applause—especially from the Pennsylvania +delegation. Mr. Stems of Louisiana got the floor—</p> + +<p>"I want to tell you what took place in that committee," he said. "The +committee selected a place to the best interest of this organization +and not to the best interest of any one specific locality, and the +question was argued in a very quiet, organized, gentlemanly manner. A +number of the delegates put up towns that did not get enough support +to get the meeting, so they withdrew their names. It was all to the +interest of the organization so it was unanimously adopted by that +committee, without any dissenting vote, that Chicago be unanimously +adopted as the place for the next convention for the best of all +interests concerned. I am from New Orleans, Louisiana, which is a +convention city and I will not offer my city to you as a convention +city at this time because I do not think it is to the best interest of +your country."</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<a href="images/img006.jpg" id="img006"><img src="images/img006.jpg" width="600" height="450" alt="Bennett C. Clark +Who presided at the Paris Caucus" title="" /></a> +</div> +<p class="center">Bennett C. Clark<br /> +Who presided at the Paris Caucus</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<a href="images/img007.jpg" id="img007"><img src="images/img007.jpg" width="341" height="500" alt="Eric Fisher Wood Secretary" title="" /></a> +</div> +<p class="center">Eric Fisher Wood<br />Secretary</p> + +<p>When Mr. Stem took his seat at least a dozen delegates clamored for +recognition from the chair. Colonel J.F.J. Herbert succeeded in +getting it. It was he who then fired the gun which, if not heard +around the world at least made Chicago's ear drums rattle.</p> + +<p>"Mr. Chairman," he began—</p> + +<p>Colonel Lindsley rapped for order.</p> + +<p>A man near me whispered, "There's Herbert of Massachusetts. I think +Boston is too far east for this convention, at least for the first +one."</p> + +<p>Colonel Lindsley got order, and you could have heard a pin drop, +while the following statement was made by the Massachusetts leader:</p> + +<p>"As the spokesman for my delegation on this question of next meeting +place I want to say that if no other body and if no other party of +this caucus wants or believes it is its duty to rebuke any city or the +representative of any city for Un-Americanism during the time when the +soldiers of that city were offering their lives in defense of the +world, then Massachusetts stands ready to offer that rebuke. +Massachusetts will not agree willingly to having a convention of +soldiers and sailors in the Great War, go to a city that has as its +first citizen, by vote, one who can not measure up in any small part +when the test is one hundred per cent. Americanism."</p> + +<p>When Colonel Herbert reached this point one delegate with a big voice +from a big State (Texas) let out a loud yell of approval. This was the +signal for blast after blast of vocal vociferousness which fairly +raised the roof. Men stood on their seats, and cheered. "You're dead +right" and "Get a new mayor, Chicago," while others began to point at +placards advertising Chicago which had been placed on the walls of the +theater by members of the Illinois delegation. Colonel Herbert stood +for fully five minutes before order was sufficiently restored for him +to proceed.</p> + +<p>"The hall has been placarded with invitations, reading, 'The American +Legion, Chicago wants you in November,'" he said. "I believe that this +convention, this convention of soldiers and sailors should say, +'Chicago, you cannot have American soldiers in Chicago when there is a +possibility that the chief representative of that city may not believe +it is his duty to come before the Convention and welcome it.' If these +placards read, 'American Legion, Chicago <i>soldiers</i> want you in +November,' our answer might be different. The answer of Massachusetts +would be different but when your placard reads, 'Chicago wants you in +November' the answer of Massachusetts is, 'Chicago cannot have us in +November'—or any other time until Chicago has an American for Mayor +in an American city.</p> + +<p>"The literature circulated through the caucus reads, 'Chicago pledges +itself to go any other city one better on anything this convention +requires.' This convention first requires that Chicago shall reach a +standard different from the standard of being the most despised city +in America, and when it has reached that standard, it is then in a +position to say whether it can go one better. It has not yet reached +par. Until Chicago reaches par, Massachusetts votes no!"</p> + +<p>A large poster reading "Chicago bids you Welcome," had been placed +over the seats directly in the center of the stage; Captain Osborne +pulled it down. This was the signal for similar action all over the +house. Chicago banners, dropped from the boxes, were hurled to the +floor. Other banners which had been on the theater walls just out of +reach were torn down by men who climbed on the shoulders of their +fellow delegates in order to reach them. Only during the ovation given +Colonel Roosevelt, did the cheering reach such intensity.</p> + +<p>These men were cheering for Americanism. They wanted one hundred per +cent. Americanism, untainted and unvarnished by a hyphen or an "ism," +especially when the word pacific precedes the latter. Everyone felt +sorry for the Illinois delegation, for it was realized that Colonel +Herbert's remarks were intended solely to reflect upon the person he +specially mentioned and not upon the thousands of soldiers and sailors +who went from Illinois and Chicago and did more than their part in +writing glorious history.</p> + +<p>Just how this was impressed upon the men from Illinois let the minutes +show. The chairman recognized "the gentleman from Chicago."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Cummings</span> (of Chicago): "Gentlemen, I don't believe there is a +single delegate to this caucus who would be so unfair as to impugn the +patriotism of 650,000 men who rallied to the colors of this country +by saying: 'Because Chicago had a mayor of which they are all ashamed +that they are not patriotic.' Had the men who were serving the colors +in France been in Chicago, they would have had no apology to offer for +their mayor. (Applause.) He was elected in a three-cornered fight +where he did not receive a majority vote in Chicago, but had the +opposition to him been solidified he would have been snowed under, for +Chicago is patriotic. I consider that an insult has been handed to +every man in Illinois who rallied to the colors.</p> + +<p>"The Tank Corps of which I am a member, and an enlisted man +originally, gave from Chicago 11,250 enlisted men, volunteers in the +most hazardous branch of the service. They gave 11,250 men as against +11,000 which the rest of the country contributed. If that doesn't +bespeak patriotism for Chicago, I don't know how you are going to +gauge it. I am saying that in the invitation which was extended to you +we are speaking for the boys of khaki and blue who rallied to the +colors from Illinois, and who are here to-day, extending the +invitation to you notwithstanding the fact that we are cursed by a +mayor who is not our choice. We would throw him out if we had the +chance, but we are extending the invitation to you on behalf of +750,000 men from Illinois and we do not feel that you are going to +impugn their patriotism, that you are going to insult them by saying +they are members of an unpatriotic community."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Hawkins</span> (of Oklahoma): "The great State of Illinois stands +unchallenged in the patriotism of its soldiers throughout the world. I +am only sorry that you didn't leave enough patriots at home to elect a +patriotic mayor of that great city. You are in the embarrassing +position of having a man who has repudiated the things we went out to +die for. Either you have got to repudiate us or repudiate him."</p> + +<p>"We'll repudiate him next time when the boys get home," shouted +several of the Illinois crowd.</p> + +<p>Then other speakers tried to make it plain that the Legion's attack +was solely against the municipal head of Chicago, but some of the men +of Illinois let the incident rankle. How it came out (and it was ended +happily) will develop. Meantime the attention of the caucus was +diverted from the Chicago incident by the manifestation of that desire +which is in every true American's heart, namely to be a booster for +his own home town. In less time than it takes to tell it, Los Angeles, +Minneapolis, Atlantic City, St. Louis, Pittsburgh, Indianapolis, +Kansas City, and Chicago were being voted upon. While the delegates +were voting, a small body of soldiers and sailors were gathered +together in a wing of the theater, seriously discussing the incident +which was developed by Colonel Herbert's speech. They desired that it +should be made more plain to everyone just what Colonel Herbert meant +and that the millions of patriotic simon-pure Americans who live in +Illinois should not take undue umbrage of the incident. Therefore +while the vote on the convention city was being counted, Colonel Luke +Lea was recognized by the chairman and asked unanimous consent to +present for consideration the following resolution:</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Resolved</span>, That the action of the caucus of the American Legion in +refusing to accept the invitation to hold its next convention in +Chicago is no reflection upon the splendid patriotism of the men and +women of that great city, who have loyally proved their Americanism by +supporting our Army and Navy and all war activities.</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Be It Further Resolved</span>, That this caucus records its admiration of +the valor and heroism of the thousands and thousands of Chicago's sons +whose pure patriotism has been proven on the battlefields of France."</p> + +<p>"I would like to say something in support of the motion," Colonel Lea +said. "It is very proper for me to offer it for I had the privilege of +serving for three months with the great Thirty-third Division of +Illinois and I know what wonderful soldiers they are."</p> + +<p>The resolution was adopted by unanimous vote.</p> + +<p>No booster ever had a better time than had those who attended the St. +Louis Caucus. Local pride assumed its highest pitch during the vote, +and at length Minneapolis won it. The date was set for November +10-11-12th.</p> + +<p>Just before adjournment Colonel Herbert arose to a question of +personal privilege.</p> + +<p>"I would like, if possible," he said, "to have the attention for a few +minutes of every man that is in this theater. Intentionally or +otherwise, and I think it was otherwise, the soldiers of Illinois have +felt that I was not just to them in the remarks that I made bearing on +the report of the Committee on the Next Meeting Place. I meant to say, +and I believe now that I did say, that if those banners that were hung +in this theater had read, 'American Legion, Chicago's <i>soldiers</i> +invite you next November.' Massachusetts' answer would have been +'Yes.' I believe I said that. The men of Illinois believe I did not +say it. The men of Illinois believe that when I sat down after making +the few remarks I did, that I had a sardonic smile on my lips and they +say that I have insulted them to the heart and I say to them: 'If +there is anything that I can say, anything that I can do, as soldier +to soldier to remove from your mind, or from the minds of any man who +may have been in this theater, any belief that there was any feeling +except of highest admiration, the highest respect, and the deepest +affection on the part of the soldiers of Massachusetts for the +soldiers of Illinois, then I want to correct that impression, because +I want you, the soldiers of Illinois, to know that we recognize in +Massachusetts that no better soldiers wore the khaki, no better +sailors wore the blue, than the men of Illinois. My remarks were, as I +stated, for the purpose of saying Massachusetts would, if no other +State would, take such action to rebuke the city of Chicago; would say +to Chicago that if it would have the right to invite Americans to meet +in that city, first Americanize the City Hall. That was my chief +purpose of rising to my feet. If Chicago's soldiers, if Illinois' +soldiers still think that I have not made reparation for what they +believe was the intention of my remarks, then I say to them that no +higher respect, no deeper affection exists for them than in the hearts +of the men of Massachusetts."</p> + +<p>Colonel Herbert's assault upon Chicago's mayor in itself is only half +significant. It is only wholly so when its reception is considered. +Colonel Herbert will have none of Chicago until it has purged itself +of its municipal leader. He remembered, perhaps, the assertion that it +is "the sixth largest German city in the world." He might have said as +much in a newspaper interview as he said on the floor of the caucus +had he been asked about the Illinois city as a meeting place for +soldiers, and, perhaps, the editor would have given to it a half +column of space; in the larger dailies, less. But when men of the +army, navy, and marine corps, from every battlefield in France, from +every State in the union, voice their approval so thunderously; when +they stand on their seats and cheer; when they so positively overrule +the recommendation of committeemen who have studiously considered the +matter, presumably from all angles, it means much. No wonder +Metropolitan dailies devoted columns to it.</p> + +<p>Those of you who have become low-spirited over your own particular +view of the future; those of you who have talked about "the good old +days"; or, the Spirit of '76, take heart. Take counsel of the Spirit +of '19, based on the deeds of '17 and '18, on the mistakes of '14, +'15, and '16. '19 is all right!</p> + +<p>Read the constitution of the American Legion to-night just before +you go to bed. Think of this second day's session when the +Bolsheviki-tainted organization was thrown out, when the second +largest city in America was told to "clean house" and redecorate in +red, white, and blue. Then go to bed and know that all's right with +the United States.</p> + +<p>A large number of the delegates attended, on the second evening, a +dance and supper at Sunset Inn given in honor of the Legion by the +ladies of St. Louis. For most though, there was work in plenty to do. +Some of the committees hadn't yet reported and there was an all +important meeting of the executive committee in the Statler Hotel.</p> + +<p>I said <i>all important</i> by design. The caucus had taken up a great deal +of time with the proceedings already recounted and it was the purpose +of the executive committee on adjournment-eve to get down to brass +tacks. It certainly did that. It was agreed to recommend to the caucus +that the Legion should attempt to help get returning soldiers and +sailors positions and that a legal department should be established +which would aid men to get back pay and allotments, while still +another department would look after their insurance and instruct them +how to change it to policies of a permanent character. Needless to say +these conclusions were not arrived at without a great deal of helpful +discussion.</p> + +<p>Then too this executive meeting was all important because it let +several persons who claimed to be dissatisfied, air their grievances, +thereby clearing the atmosphere of considerable cloudiness. For the +most part these malcontents didn't seem at first to distinguish +between the caucus and the November convention. They didn't seem to +catch at first hand the spirit of the A.E.F. caucus which positively +refused to take action on large questions of policy until the Home +Army could be consulted. The principal leaders of the caucus in St. +Louis determined upon the same course, as has been previously +explained, and rightly so. One thing one element wanted to do was to +elect permanent officers. "How could you do that when more than a +million men entitled to a vote are still in France?" they were asked. +They couldn't answer. Another element wanted to go on record against +universal military training while still others were for endorsing it. +Someone else wanted this city to be chosen as permanent headquarters +while another wanted some other town selected. There was some +grumbling to the effect that the caucus had been too "rowdy." Then, +too, everybody was more or less tired out and a darker view of things +was natural.</p> + +<p>The silver lining was there, however, as it always is. This time it +took the rotund form of a preacher from Alabama. Inzer was his name +and his folks and Colonel Roosevelt's away back five or six +generations ago in Georgia had been the same people, so let's +introduce him as Colonel Roosevelt's cousin. Chaplain Inzer had been +ready to embark at Newport News with his regiment when the Bolsheviki +menace grew quite serious in the Pacific northwest and he was ordered +to proceed to Seattle and was there during all the stirring times +which culminated in making Ole Hanson famous.</p> + +<p>It might truthfully be said that the "silver lining" quite properly +had a silver tongue. When he had spoken just about a hundred words +even the grouches were holding onto their chairs if they weren't using +their hands for purposes of applause. And many a man, who thought he'd +talked his voice silent dug deep down in his vocal chords and brought +forth something that could easily be labeled a cheer! This preacher +told everybody who might have the slightest idea of making trouble +just where to get off. But I am not going to try to remember his +speech and perhaps improperly quote the chaplain. The speech was so +good that they made him do it again at the very opening of the caucus +the next morning, so I'm going to lead off with it in my story of the +proceedings of the last day, just as the stenographers recorded it.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VIII" id="CHAPTER_VIII"></a>CHAPTER VIII</h2> + +<h3>THE SILVER LINING</h3> + +<p>Soon after the caucus opened on Saturday morning, May 10, the minutes +read as follows:</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Chairman</span>: "Gentlemen, before we have the report of the Resolutions +Committee, I want to say to those who were not of the Executive +Committee and in its meeting last night, that there seemed to me to be +there a more splendid crystallization of the real purpose of this +caucus and a foresight into what it is going to mean, not only to +these four millions of men but to the people of the United States for +the next half century, than I have ever heard, and at the request of a +number of those who were there at that meeting, I am going to ask one +of them to interpret to you in just a few minutes, as well as he can, +and he did it wonderfully well last night, the spirit that we believed +in that meeting is your spirit here to-day and the spirit that is +going out from this caucus as a slogan to all American citizens and +through them to the world, indicating the purposes for which we +fought, and more than that, the purposes for which American manhood +stands and for which it will fight again, if necessary, the heritage +we will hand down to our children, and I will ask this gentleman to +present that thought to you."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chaplain W. Inzer</span> (of Alabama): "Gentlemen, I appreciate this +opportunity more than I have words to say, and if you will only be as +sympathetic with me for these minutes as that Executive Committee was +last night, I will do my best to interpret the spirit and the mind of +this convention as I see it and as I saw it last night. I never had a +more sympathetic audience, it seemed to me, or a more psychological +moment in which to speak than that was last night and I appreciate the +spirit of the brethren who asked me to come out and make this talk +this morning and I am going to try my best to interpret it as I saw it +last night.</p> + +<p>"There has been an undercurrent all through this Convention. Somebody +has been afraid that we are going to do something or pop some lid off +that will bust the thing and I have been, as I said last night, +sometimes scared almost to death. I think I could personally say that +I wanted to make about seventy-four speeches in the two days that I +have been here. I didn't do it but I was waiting and praying for the +psychological hour to arrive and I believe that that hour came last +night when this Executive Committee really got together and got +something concrete before them, and I think that the whole Convention +comes together this morning ready to take up matters of importance and +leave off matters that should not be taken up, and to solidify this +body in a great spirit of Americanism that shall last for fifty years +as the greatest organization that the world has ever known." +(Applause.) "Now the keyword that I want to say in the beginning is, +at all costs we want to save this organization. We do not want +anything to arise to-day that will in any way mar the spirit of this +great assembly and the work that it is going to do in the future. +While you were deliberating here these past two days some of you +thought only of this hour and this moment, but, gentlemen, I had an +eye cast into the future and I was dreaming dreams and seeing visions +of the years that are to come and the wonderful work, the wonderful +influence, and the mighty power that this organization is going to +have and exert upon this nation and upon the whole world, and I want +you to think of it in these terms. This convention is a baby and we +must not choke this baby. You can't give a young baby a gallon of +castor oil the first week. It only requires castoria, that is all the +first week. It can stand with a little mother's milk, and I want you +to feel that way about it to-day." (Laughter and Applause.)</p> + +<p>"Our first duty is beyond the shadow of a doubt to get this infant on +its legs, and once we get it on its legs, it will be like the mighty +Niagara Falls, there isn't anything in the world can dam it up. It +will be a power that shall be known, and with influence all over +America and for good all over the world. Let's be quiet and let's be +sensible to-day until we get this infant on his legs. He's just a +recruit, a raw recruit, and he has to be trained and we are going to +do that now.</p> + +<p>"Gentlemen, I want to say just here, if you can only think about this +Legion—the chairman spoke of it last night to me—as the jewel of the +ages. I believe that is the best interpretation I know. I cannot say +anything greater than this: I believe God raised up America for this +great hour; I can say that the strong young man of the time is to be +the American Legion in this country and in the world.</p> + +<p>"What the great seers of the past ages have dreamed and what they have +planned and longed for, the opportunity that they sought, have +suddenly been placed and in our hands. Are we going to be great men +and big men? Will we arise to the dignity and be worthy of the +occasion?</p> + +<p>"I believe that we will. Oh, men, if I might make it plain to you +that it seems to me I stand on the very rim of creation and I am +speaking there to an angel who has never yet been able to see light. I +said: 'Angel, what are you doing here?' and he said: 'I was placed +here when God created this world'; and he said: 'God sent me to look +down upon this world and report to him at one special time, and that +one time only,' and I said: 'What was to be the nature of that +report?' He said: 'God made man in His own image and God Himself is a +being of knowledge, love, truth, democracy, and peace,' and He said to +that angel, 'Don't you ever leave that world until you see dawn, until +you see that man has come up to the place where he will begin to +measure up to what I expected of him,' and that angel said to me, 'I +have sat here through all the ages and I have seen times when I +thought that the sunlight of God's great knowledge and love and truth +was going to come over the hills and then some being like the Kaiser +or Alexander or Napoleon or some one that was of a Bolsheviki type +would rise up and retard it and the sun could never rise,' but he +said: 'Thank God on April 6, 1917, I reported back to God when America +entered this war that I had seen the dawn.' (Applause.)</p> + +<p>"As little as you dream, maybe when you came here and as little as you +thought about it in the commitment of time, I believe to-day that we +stand on the dawn of the realization of the republic of man which is +nothing short of the Kingdom of God on earth when men shall be men." +(Applause.)</p> + +<p>"So the first thing we are to do to-day is to get a great spirit, men, +a great spirit that we can carry back. All the other questions will be +ironed out in due time. Everything will be straightened out when we +realize that five million men are going to be organized with the same +spirit of love and loyalty and devotion and sacrifice and democracy +that characterized their lives on the battlefield. They will never +rest until they make this whole world bloom in love, democracy, peace +and prosperity and equality and brotherhood for all mankind. That is +what we are going to do and that is what this assembly means to-day. +It is the world's great opportunity and your privilege to share with +it.</p> + +<p>"Now, then, I want to say that the soldier spirit is going to be my +spirit and I believe it is going to be your spirit. When Wilson and +the other men called us to the war, I was glad and ready immediately +to offer my life because of the great principle. I said to those men +last night in that Executive Committee and I mean it to-day, I'd +gladly lay down my life to-day if laying down my life meant that this +Legion should live and fulfill my dreams of its service to the +country for these next fifty years. (Applause.) So do you think I want +anything to come up here that would disrupt this body? Never! Do you +think I want to make a fiery speech about something because it is my +personal conviction? No, I have a hundred personal convictions that I +would like to see operating in the United States and this convention, +but it isn't the time and I am not going to bring them up here. I +don't want to say anything that will keep all of us from pulling +together like a military army for the great things that this +convention in the future is going to stand for. So my final word is +this: That this day, we get right down to business and that we omit +everything that we can omit pertaining to the permanent policy of this +organization that we cannot all immediately agree upon.</p> + +<p>"If there is going to be anything discussed here to-day that everybody +in this convention won't immediately agree upon and would hinder us +from sending out to the nation word that we stand together and that we +are going to pull together, that we caught a mighty vision and that we +have gained the great spirit, then, brethren, let's carry that thing +over until November when all the boys come home and then we will +discuss it there. There are many things to-day that we can discuss +that are important and fundamental and that are urgently needed in +our nation this hour. Let's take those things up and get down to +business on it to-day. Every Executive Member from each State pledged +the chairman last night that he was going to act as a sergeant-at-arms +in his delegation and hold the convention in order to-day. We are +going to do the right thing and we won't be 'busted' by anything or by +anybody, and when anything comes up that isn't the right thing for us +to do to make a great impression on America, and the world, we will +say hold that thing over until the baby is strong enough to do it +right.</p> + +<p>"I beg you to do those things. Somebody said: 'What are the things we +can do to-day?' We mentioned them last night.</p> + +<p>"Jack Sullivan has problems out there that we must meet this very day. +One of those is this Bolsheviki business. We are going to pass +resolutions this very day, I believe, asking the United States in +Congress to pass a bill for immediate action of deporting every one of +those Bolsheviki or I.W.W.'s out yonder." (Prolonged Applause.)</p> + +<p>"Gentlemen, I know what I am talking about. You don't know how badly I +do hate some of those guys. If it hadn't been for them I would have +gotten on the boat in Newport News in 1918 for France, but because of +those rotten scamps I was sent to Seattle, Washington, and had to +stay there for seven months guarding the interest of the shipbuilding +in the Western States.</p> + +<p>"I was naturalization officer for our regiment and that division out +there and I have had those scamps stand up and say: 'Yes, I have been +here fourteen years and have lived on the fat of the land, but we +don't want to fight,' and they would deny citizenship papers or cancel +their first papers.</p> + +<p>"Now that the war is over, they are in lucrative positions and our +boys haven't got jobs; we've got to say, send those scamps to hell." +(Prolonged Applause.)</p> + +<p>"We can all see this very moment that there is no division on that +question. We stand together. Somebody said: 'Why, we have been here +two days and haven't done anything but elect officers and decide on a +place to meet. But let me tell you, Buddy, while we have been doing +those things, we have let the world know where we stand for +Americanism. (Applause.) And we couldn't have done a bigger thing than +create the impression we did relative to Mayor Thompson of Chicago and +the I.W.W.'s of Seattle. (Applause.) We can do that. We are agreed on +that. The baby can do that without any trouble at all and we are not +going to choke him when we start that kind of thing.</p> + +<p>"The other question that we might decide here to-day is what we are +going to do about jobs for our returned soldiers. In my city we have +already said: 'Look here, man, you'd better post every job that is +open and post it in the place where we get employment for returned +soldiers. And they have gotten down to that. We want to talk about +that to-day and get down to business—the business of getting jobs for +our men, and then we want to care for those who come back without +money. We want to help them get their allotment and get their $60 +bonus, and we want to care for the wounded.</p> + +<p>"But these other things—excuse me, I can't help but say brethren, +because I am a preacher, but you are my brethren, I thank God you are +and I love you like I love the brethren of my church. There is some +fellow here who might want to spring something because he knows it +would be a lot of fun. Oh, brethren, let's not have any fun with the +baby to-day. (Laughter and Applause.) We have all we can do to-day. We +have all we can do if we do those things that we are all united upon +and agreed upon. Those things which may have what they call a nigger +in the woodpile, when they come up, let's say that is something we are +going to talk about later when the boys get home in November, when +everybody is settled down and we have thought it through and talked +about it in our State organizations and we will come up with +solidified ideas and the great spirit will have gripped us and we will +know where we stand and will know our power and strength.</p> + +<p>"Brethren, I say let's cut out every last bit of hoodlumism to-day. It +is the zero hour. Let's stand together. If we don't carry anything +else home, let's go home and say we are for America, that we caught +the spirit and the vision and you can't stop us with anything in the +world. I thank you." (Audience rises and applauds.)</p> + +<p>That speech has been given in full not only for the reasons which have +been stated before but because it is archtypical of the deep-seated, +serious, and high-minded soul of the New American, born of the war.</p> + +<p>"Mr. Chairman, it seems that Illinois caught the spirit of the speaker +who has just seated himself, in advance."</p> + +<p>Before the applause over Inzer's speech had ended and before we +realized it, Mr. Cummings of Illinois had the floor. He said that the +Illinois delegation had been ungracious in accepting Colonel Herbert's +explanation of his remarks the previous day.</p> + +<p>"We wish to withdraw that implication," Mr. Cummings said. "We wish to +state to you as a solid Illinois delegation that we give full faith +and credit to the high, patriotic motive which prompted this gentleman +in making the speech to you which he did and in bringing before this +organization the question which he did. We feel on cooler deliberation +and upon giving the matter the thought which its importance demanded, +that he is helping us and that he has placed the American Legion in a +position to help us to move in a body politic, to overcome certain +things in the State of Illinois and blot out pro-Germanism.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<a href="images/img008.jpg" id="img008"><img src="images/img008.jpg" width="378" height="500" alt="Gaspar Bacon Treasurer" title="" /></a> +</div> +<p class="center">Gaspar Bacon<br /> +Treasurer</p> + +<h4>Three State Chairmen</h4> + +<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='center'> +<div class="figcenter"> +<a href="images/img009.jpg" id="img009"><img src="images/img009.jpg" width="93" height="127" alt="John F.J. Herbert +Massachusetts" title="" /></a> +</div> +<p class="center">John F.J. Herbert<br /> +Massachusetts</p> +</td> +<td> +<div class="figcenter"> +<a href="images/img010.jpg"> +<img src="images/img010.jpg" width="94" height="127" alt="Henry G. Mathewson +California" title="" /></a> +</div> +<p class="center">Henry G. Mathewson<br /> +California</p> +</td> +<td> +<div class="figcenter"> +<a href="images/img011.jpg"> +<img src="images/img011.jpg" width="98" height="132" alt="Cornelius W. Wickersham +New York" title="" /></a> +</div> +<p class="center">Cornelius W. Wickersham<br /> +New York</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>"I say that the American Legion is bigger than any man; it is bigger +than any State; it is bigger than any combination of States; it is the +unified action of the millions of men who were willing to sacrifice +their lives, their fortunes, their all on the altar of this country +for the cause of democracy, to make the world safe for democracy, and +they are going to help us make Illinois come to the front and clean +its skirts of the stigma which is attached. We know that you are going +to help us in it, and with the support of the American Legion, nothing +will stop us from cleaning our skirts, from washing our dirty linen at +home. When the next convention of the American Legion is held, as soon +as we have had an opportunity or the boys in khaki and blue have had +an opportunity to give an honest expression of views on the question +of Burgomaster Thompson, we will come through with clean skirts, we +will stand before you without a question as to the patriotism of the +great City of Chicago and the State of Illinois. We are for the +American Legion first, last, and all the time, and I will pledge +Illinois' seven hundred thousand soldiers who have gone to the front +for the colors in this organization to a man."</p> + +<p>"... and clean its skirts of the stigma which is attached and we know +you are going to help us in it, for we will have the support of the +American Legion and with that support when the boys from over there +get back, nothing will stop us from cleaning our skirts...."</p> + +<p>Attention is drawn specifically to that sentence, because it affords +an excellent opportunity to explain the difference between politics +and policies. The Legion has policies but it is not political. One +prime policy is the demand for one hundred per cent. Americanism. +Whoever or whatever cannot read that mark, be it Chicago's mayor or +the Seattle Soldier's Council, the Legion's caution is "measure up." +The Legion, <i>as the Legion</i> will not go into municipal politics in +Chicago but the members of the various posts in that city like all +other Legion members stand for one hundred per cent, simon-pure +patriotism and regardless of party, he who does not "measure up" had +best beware. The Legion, as the Legion, never will endorse a political +party or a party's candidate for office. But it will have platforms, +it will have tenets, it will have principles. These platforms, tenets, +and principles will be seen, felt, heard, and heeded by the voters of +the United States. Furthermore, these platforms, tenets, and +principles will be supported regardless of political party, political +affiliations, or partisan sponsorship.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_IX" id="CHAPTER_IX"></a>CHAPTER IX</h2> + +<h3>OBJECTORS—CONSCIENTIOUS AND OTHERWISE</h3> + +<p>The first of the committee reports of the morning was that of the +Publication Committee. This report is perhaps not so interesting a +document now as it may be in later years, when, with a circulation of +millions weekly, the official organ will be a tremendous power for +Americanism throughout the country, spreading in every home, in every +vale and hamlet the same dragnet of Americanism as the draft law did, +having in its tentacles the same power for culture, breadth of +experience, and abolition of sectionalism.</p> + +<p>In view of this, the report possesses tremendous potentialities. Here +it is:</p> + +<p>"The Committee on Publication recommends that this caucus of the +American Legion inaugurate a national publication which shall be the +Legion's exponent of Americanism; that this, the sole and only +publication of the American Legion, be owned and directed by the +Legion for and in the interest of all Americans; that the Publication +Committee be continued that it may proceed as organized with the +details of founding this publication, with the advice and under the +control of the Executive Committee of the American Legion which shall +add such specially qualified members to the Publication Committee as +it may see fit; that this publication shall be a National, +nonpartisan, non-sectional organ for the service of the American +people, a champion of Americanism which means independence, security, +health, education, greater contentment, and progress for every +patriot, to be the torch, the beacon light thrown into our hands by +the Americans who fell, and held as a unique and living monument to +that other legion which did not come back.</p> + +<p class="rght">"(Signed) <span class="smcap">G.P. Putnam</span>, <i>Chairman.</i> </p> +<p class="rght">"<span class="smcap">Charles D. Kelley</span>, <i>Secretary</i>." </p> + +<p>As an aside it may be interesting to say that there were at least half +a dozen publishers, some with veteran journals already started, in St. +Louis with the most alluring offers. Each wanted to have his +publication designated as the official organ. Several other +propositions were made, one syndicate offering to publish the +magazine, bear the entire expense, give the Legion fifty per cent. of +the stock, and allow it to control the editorial policy. All the +syndicate wanted was the official endorsement. From other quarters +came the word that a million dollars would be forthcoming, if such a +large amount was necessary, in order to start the publication, but +those who would furnish it wanted some return, naturally. However the +Publication Committee felt, as set forth in the resolutions, that the +magazine must be entirely owned and solely controlled by the Legion. +If it was worth a million dollars to anybody else, it certainly was +worth conserving in every possible way for the Legion.</p> + +<p>Again I am going to let the minutes take up the story. Some of the +details which they give in the next few pages are illustrative of the +interest and care which the caucus took when it came to important +matters.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Secretary Wood</span>: "The Committee on Resolutions begs to submit the +following report:</p> + +<p>"'<span class="smcap">General Principles and Creed</span>—Recognizing the supreme obligation of +the citizens to maintain our national honor and integrity, and being +resolved that the fruits of the Great War shall not die, we who +participated in the war in order that the principles of justice, +freedom, and democracy may more completely direct and influence the +daily lives of America's manhood, do announce our adherence to the +following principles and purposes:</p> + +<p>"'(a) To inculcate the duties and obligations of citizenship.</p> + +<p>"'(b) To preserve the history and incidents of our participation in +this war.</p> + +<p>"'(c) To cement the ties of comradeship formed in service.</p> + +<p>"'(d) To promote, assist, and protect the general welfare of all +soldiers, sailors, and marines and those dependent upon them.</p> + +<p>"'(e) To encourage the maintenance of individual and national +efficiency to the end that the nation shall never fail in its +obligations.</p> + +<p>"'(f) To maintain the principle that undivided and uncompromising +support of the constitution of the United States is the true test of +loyalty.'" (Applause.)</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Chairman</span>: "Do you desire to pass on that as read, gentlemen, or by +paragraphs?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Johnson</span> (Rhode Island): "I move it be adopted as a whole."</p> + +<p>Seconded by Mr. Black of New York.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Col. Herbert</span> (Mass.): "I would like to ask for information: if there +aren't more eligible to membership in the American Legion than are +cited—soldiers, sailors, and marines?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Chairman</span>: "The committee understands that covers everything. The +direct eligibility comes up later."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Col. Herbert</span>: "But before we adopt this we must know who are eligible +so it may be inserted there. As I read the qualifications for +membership the members of the enlisted nurse corps are eligible to +membership in the American Legion. If they are eligible they must be +included there. If there are any others they must be included."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Fish</span> (of New York): "I make a motion to the effect that this +report be laid on the table until the constitution has been adopted. +There are points in this resolution that conflict with the preamble +and by-laws of the constitution. I move you, Mr. Chairman, that the +first paragraph of the resolution as read be laid on the table until +after the constitution is adopted. I will amend my motion to that +effect."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Col. Herbert</span>: "I want to hear that reread."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Secretary Wood</span>: "What I have read, and what I am about to read again, +is the first paragraph of the report of the Resolutions Committee. +There are many other paragraphs. The second one, for instance, is an +endorsement of the Victory Liberty Loan. If you lay the whole report +on the table we have to wait until later to consider resolutions as a +whole. The first paragraph is as follows:"</p> + +<p>Secretary read first paragraph.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Milligan</span>: "I wish to make a further amendment that the entire +report be laid on the table until after the constitution has been +adopted. I don't believe it is the sense of this meeting to hear the +report of this committee in fragments."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Colonel Lea</span> (of Tenn.): "If this report, or any part of it, is laid on +the table it means final disposition of it under the rules of the +House of Representatives. I don't think we want to do that until the +report is read. As a substitute for the pending motion and amendment, +I move that further reading and action of the report be suspended +until after the report of the Committee on Constitution and By-Laws."</p> + +<p>Seconded by Mr. Black of New York and carried.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Chairman</span>: "The Secretary will now proceed to read the +resolutions."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Secretary Wood</span>: "Endorsement of the Victory Liberty Loan.</p> + +<p>"'<span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, The Government of the United States has appealed to the +country for financial support in order to provide the funds for +expenditures made necessary in the prosecution of the war, and to +reestablish the country upon a peace basis, therefore be it</p> + +<p>"'<span class="smcap">Resolved</span> that this caucus emphatically endorse the Victory Liberty +Loan, and urges all Americans to promote the success of the loan in +every manner possible.'"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Chairman</span>: "What is your pleasure with regard to that resolution?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Sullivan</span>: "I move the adoption of the resolution."</p> + +<p>Seconded by Mr. Wickersham of New York and carried.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Secretary Wood</span>: "Conscientious Objectors.</p> + +<p>"'<span class="smcap">Resolved</span>, that this caucus go on record as condemning the action of +those responsible for protecting the men who refused full military +service to the United States in accordance with the act of Congress of +May 18, 1917, and who were tried by general court-martial, sentenced +to prison and later fully pardoned, restored to duty and honorably +discharged, with all back pay and allowances given them, and as +condemning further the I.W.W.'s, international socialists, and +anarchists in their effort to secure the release of these men already +pardoned, and those still in prison, serving sentence, and be it +further</p> + +<p>"'<span class="smcap">Resolved</span>, that this caucus requests a full and complete +investigation by Congress of the trial and conviction of these parties +and of their subsequent pardon." (Applause.)</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Colonel Herbert</span> (of Mass.): "I move you, sir, that this convention +substitute the word 'demand' instead of 'request' where it says 'We +request Congress.' We are a body large enough and representative +enough and powerful enough to tell Congress what we want (applause), +not to ask it, and I move the substitution of the word 'demand' +instead of 'request.'"</p> + +<p>Seconded by Luke Lea of Tennessee.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Chairman</span>: "The motion is now for the adoption of the resolution as +read, substituting the word 'demand' for 'request.'"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Albert H. Wilson</span> (of Idaho): "Gentlemen of this convention, before +this is put to the body of this house, I want to offer a resolution +that the man who convicted these men at Camp Funston be permitted to +give the facts of those convictions and the facts of those discharges +to the body of this house. I refer, gentlemen, to Major Foster, of +Camp Funston, of the General Staff at Camp Funston, and I offer a +resolution to that effect. Will you hear him?"</p> + +<p>Assent from the audience.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Gaston</span>: "I second that."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Chairman</span>: "It isn't necessary to have a resolution to that effect. +The discussion would be germane to the question before the house."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Major Foster</span> (of Missouri): "Gentlemen, on May 18, 1917, the Congress +of these United States passed an act defining what should be done in +regard to conscientious objectors. That act, as you are all probably +familiar with, says nothing about the I.W.W.—the so-called +humanitarian, the slacker, and the anarchist, and yet for some unknown +reason about 135 such cattle were shipped out to Camp Funston, +segregated, were not required to do military service, were tried for +disobedience to a lawful order in time of war, duly convicted, +sentenced to prison, and a large Majority of them pardoned out of the +penitentiary within two months.</p> + +<p>"These men, and I want you to get the importance of this, are not +ordinary, poor, misguided, fanatical men, but the large number of them +were college graduates. Take the case of Lundy in Chicago and Berger +and Greenberg and all of them. Seven of them were cases so serious +that the court, of which I was a member, sentenced them to death. +Within three weeks the order came from Washington restoring them to +honorable duty. These men who were dismissed from Leavenworth and who +were tried by this court made the statement before the court to prove +their conscientious scruples that they did not accept pay from the +Government, nor did they, but when they were dismissed at Fort +Leavenworth and honorably restored to duty and given discharges with +honor, they took every dollar and cent that the Government sent or the +officials in Washington said should be paid to them and they carefully +counted it and it amounted to between four and six hundred dollars +each, and they went home with it.</p> + +<p>"You all know who is responsible for this condition. You all know that +this convention should condemn it. And here is one more point I want +to put before you and I want you to get this carefully. One of the men +we tried, Worsman, has been pardoned. Here is a letter he sent out. I +will not read it all.</p> + +<p>(The caucus requests him to read it all.)</p> + +<p>It is sent out to the press and to everyone. Here is a book that has +the expressions before the court that all these men made and they +stand on that as being proper.</p> + +<p>"This letter says: 'The committee who sends you this letter are, for +the most part, near relatives or close friends of young men now +serving long terms in the disciplinary barracks at Fort Leavenworth +because of loyalty of principle. Nearly all of them are your fellow +workers and except for those in what we call the religious +group,—trade unionists—the public knows little of their unhappy +fate, even less than the other political or labor prisoners because +they have been sent to prison by military court-martials and some have +not even had the hostile publicity of a public trial in court.</p> + +<p>"'The war is over; whether these men were right or wrong, they were +utterly sincere. Even military prejudice has to concede that, and the +sufferings they have unflinchingly borne prove it many times over, but +the point for the country to get just now is that right or wrong, they +cannot now have any adverse effect upon the military policy of the +Government to keep them in prison.' Here is the dangerous thing—'We +are trying to educate public opinion, and particularly labor opinion, +to the point where it will demand the release of these brave and +sincere young men. We say "labor," because we know when labor really +demands a thing, it gets done.' There is the dangerous thing, +gentlemen, the direct connecting up of the I.W.W., the so-called +international socialists and anarchists who were tried, convicted, and +later pardoned by our War Department,—the direct connecting up +between that element and those like the fellow who was sentenced to +prison and who is sending out this letter, and this great and +dangerous Bolshevism that is creeping into this country and is, I am +afraid, more dangerous than many of us realize. I want to see this +caucus go on record—don't be afraid—as strong as you can against +this fellow. The officers who served on those courts know what we had +to endure. We had to treat them respectfully; we were obliged to do +that. Let me tell you a few things, if you don't know them, about what +happened in the guardhouse among those men. They would not do a thing; +they wouldn't make their own beds. They wouldn't flush the toilets in +the guardhouse, and some red-blooded American soldiers had to go and +pull the chain for them. I say you can't send out a message to these +people too strong in condemnation of this type and of the action of +the War Department or whoever is responsible for the solace and the +protection that has been thrown around the man who hid under the cloak +of an act of Congress that was designed to take care of the +conscientious objectors, and there is no conscientious objector under +that act except a man whose religious creed forbade him to take part +in the war in any way. I thank you." (Applause.)</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Chairman</span>: "Gentlemen, the question has been called. All those in +favor of the motion as amended will vote 'aye.'"</p> + +<p>The motion was unanimously carried.</p> + +<p>The general comment at the time was that Major Foster's address summed +up the opinion of the caucus on the War Department's action in regard +to the objector, conscientious or otherwise.</p> + +<p>The accusation that the Legion was being formed for political purposes +has been frequently referred to in this account of the organization +and there follows an instance which shows very clearly the attitude of +the delegates toward anything that might tend to give to the caucus a +political savor. Just after Major Foster's address the chairman held +up his hand for silence.</p> + +<p>"One moment before the next resolution is read," he said: "I am +informed that one of the newspapers of St. Louis has circulated blanks +among the delegates asking them to indicate thereon how they intend to +vote in the next national election in this country. I would point out +to those who are gathered here that this is a very improper suggestion +and that the action should be repudiated by the men here filling out +none of these blanks."</p> + +<p>This statement was greeted both with anger and applause, the former at +the paper's action, the latter because of the chair's suggestion, and +Mr. Wickersham of New York made a motion that none of the blanks +should be filled out and that no delegate should take part in such a +poll. It carried unanimously and with acclamation. The blanks were not +filled out and the men distributing them were ordered to leave the +theater, which they did.</p> + +<p>This is the nearest approach to a poll that took place at the St. +Louis Caucus so far as I am able to ascertain. In fact it would have +been quite impossible to take a poll except in the theater and I have +been assured by men sitting in widely different parts of the house +that no such poll was taken. The delegates' living quarters were in +widely scattered parts of St. Louis and it would have been impossible +to have got any large number of them together to take a poll except +during the meeting in the theater.</p> + +<p>Despite this fact, despite the motion of Major Wickersham, and its +passage by acclamation, reports were circulated after the caucus, to +the effect that a poll had been taken and that it showed so many votes +for this man and so many votes for that one. The effect of that +statement, while not doing widespread damage, caused the Legion +leaders a great deal of embarrassment and a great deal of effort to +correct the false impression among those not present at St. Louis to +the effect that the caucus had a political complexion.</p> + +<p>Following the refusal to allow a poll to be taken, the secretary read +the following resolution:</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Whereas</span> certain aliens during the emergency of the war sought to +evade military duty by reason of their status as aliens, and</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, such an act indicates a lack on the part of such aliens of +the proper spirit of Americanism, therefore be it</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Resolved</span> that this caucus assembled urge upon the Congress of the +United States the adoption of such measures that may be necessary to +bring about the immediate deportation from the United States for all +time of these aliens."</p> + +<p>This resolution covered a subject very near the heart of Sergeant Jack +Sullivan, the vice-chairman. He was on his feet immediately saying:</p> + +<p>"I agree with the gentleman from Massachusetts, Comrade Herbert, that +this is not the time to urge upon Congress but to demand of Congress +and I offer you, sir, this as a substitute resolution:</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, there was a law passed by the Congress of these United +States, July, 1918, known as an amendment to the Selective Service Act +giving persons within the draft age who had taken out first papers for +American citizenship the privilege of turning in said first papers to +their local exemption board and thereby becoming exempt from service,</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, thousands of men within draft age who had been in this +country for many years and had signified their intention to become +citizens, took advantage of this law and thereby became exempted from +military service, or were discharged from military service by reason +thereof, and have taken lucrative positions in the mills, shipyards, +and factories, and</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, in this great World War for Democracy the rank and file of +the best of our American manhood have suffered and sacrificed +themselves in order to uphold the principles upon which this country +was founded and for which they were willing to give up their life's +blood, if necessary, to preserve, and</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Whereas</span> we, the American Legion assembled are of the opinion that +these would-be Americans who turned in their first papers to avoid +service are in our opinion neither fish, flesh, nor fowl and if +allowed to remain in this country would contaminate the 100% true +American soldiers and sailors who will return to again engage in the +gainful pursuits of life. Therefore, be it</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Resolved</span>: That we, the American Legion in convention assembled in St. +Louis, this 8th, 9th, and 10th day of May, 1919, numbering millions of +red-blooded Americans, do demand the Congress of these United States +to immediately enact a law to send these aliens who withdrew their +first papers and thereby avoided service, back to the country from +whence they came, for we want them not, neither do we need them. The +country which we live in and were ready and are now ready and willing +to fight for is good enough for us and this country, which they live +in and prospered in, yet were unwilling to fight for, is too damned +good for them to remain in. Therefore, be it further</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Resolved</span>, that a copy of these resolutions be sent to each and every +member of the House and Senate of our United States and a copy be +given to the public press."</p> + +<p class="rght">"Respectfully presented </p> +<p class="rght">"(Signed) Sgt. <span class="smcap">Jack Sullivan</span>. </p> +<p class="rght">"Delegate from Seattle, State of Washington." </p> + +<p>"I move you, sir, the adoption of this resolution."</p> + +<p>"Now, gentlemen, I have a telegram from Seattle which I will read. It +is addressed to Jack Sullivan, St. Louis.</p> + +<p>"'Executive Board American Legion of Liberty authorizes you to +advocate before the St. Louis Convention as part of the +Americanization program, that the organization bring its influence to +bear throughout the United States to secure enactment by Congress of +laws making it possible to deport alien slackers who avoided military +service by renouncing their citizenship and signing affidavits that +they would return to the country from which they came. A bill +providing for their deportation introduced by Senator Jones of +Washington failed to pass the last session of Congress because the +demand for its passage from the State of Washington was not backed up +by other States. Demand upon senators and representatives from their +own constituents that a law should be passed to deport these slackers +would probably result in action by the special sessions of Congress of +nearly three hundred aliens who escaped military service in Seattle by +renouncing their right to become citizens. Twenty-seven per cent, were +shown to be I.W.W.'s of the thousands who thus escaped military +service. Throughout the country a large percentage are probably of the +element which is seeking to undermine American institutions. They +still remain despite their affidavits that they would leave the +country and there is no existing law under which they can be deported. +The first move towards making this country one hundred per cent. +American should be the elimination of aliens who are opposed to our +Government and institutions and who poison the minds of others by +their teachings. Every senator and representative should be urged to +back legislation for the elimination of this element and we hope that +this work will be adopted by the convention as part of the national +program.</p> + +<p class="rght">"'(Signed) American Legion of Liberty, </p> +<p class="rght">"'<span class="smcap">Norman E. Coles</span>, <i>Secretary</i>.'" </p> + +<p>When Sullivan finished reading, he began one of the most stirring +addresses made before the convention:</p> + +<p>"Now let's not be afraid to put the cards on the table and say to the +Congress of the United States that we are not afraid to trample on the +toes of the diplomats of these alleged neutral countries who do not +want legislation of this kind to pass," Sullivan plead. "We have the +interest of the man who donned the khaki and the blue and when the +ships bring the boys from over there, they must take back these alien +slackers. We would be derelict in our duty to the boys who gave their +all when they went over the top; we would be untrue to ourselves and +the institutions and principles for which we fought if we did not see +to it that these people were sent back.</p> + +<p>"I was born in the State of Massachusetts and I was taught that +citizenship meant something. As a boy I went out West where I learned +that American citizenship meant something to the people of the West.</p> + +<p>"To-day we are here from all parts of the country. We are not from any +section alone, because we are all Americans, This is an organization +of Americans. This should be a country of Americans and if our +citizenship means something, the swine who come from other countries +should be taught that it means something like what McCrae said:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span>'"When from failing hands we throw the torch to you,<br /></span> +<span class="i4">Be yours to hold it high;<br /></span> +<span class="i4">If ye break faith with us who die,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">We shall not sleep though poppies grow in Flanders' field.'<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>"Let's make this unanimous and do it now and say to the boys in +Siberia and France that we are going to see to it when they get back +here that those damned alien slackers are not going to be here, or if +they are, they are going to be on the dock at Hoboken to go back to +their own countries because they don't belong here and we are not +going to allow them to remain."</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<a href="images/img012.jpg" id="img012"><img src="images/img012.jpg" width="329" height="500" alt="“Jack” Sullivan of Seattle +First Vice-Chairman of the St. Louis Caucus" title="" /></a> +</div> +<p class="center">“Jack” Sullivan of Seattle<br /> +First Vice-Chairman of the St. Louis Caucus</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<a href="images/img013.jpg" id="img013"><img src="images/img013.jpg" width="246" height="500" alt="Chaplain J.W. Inzer of Alabama" title="" /></a> +</div> +<p class="center">Chaplain J.W. Inzer of Alabama</p> + +<p>Sullivan was seated amid prolonged cheering; it was his big slap at +Bolshevism. When Colonel Lindsley restored order Colonel Ralph Cole of +Ohio was recognized.</p> + +<p>"The delegation from Ohio has authorized me to second this motion," he +said. "This seems to be a unanimous caucus. There is harmony here. The +most impressive fact in relation to this assembly is the militant +spirit of Americanism that has been manifested. I chanced to be +Assistant Adjutant of the 37th Division when the time came for the +naturalization of aliens who were in the American Army. Thousands and +thousands of young aliens came up and raised up their right hand and +pledged fidelity to the American Constitution, and to fight for the +supremacy of the American flag, but, there was a certain small +element, a certain small percentage that refused to take the oath of +allegiance and they appealed to the Constitution and their rights +under the law and they were exempted from military service. And I say +to you, gentlemen of this convention, any alien that will appeal to +the law in order to avoid military duty has no right to the +opportunity of peace in America." Here there was prolonged applause.</p> + +<p>"There was an outbreak in the State of Ohio of Bolshevism a few days +ago, but I want you gentlemen to know that it was put down. It was hit +by the soldiers who returned from France, the rank and file of our +boys.</p> + +<p>"Now, as Mr. Sullivan has suggested, let it not be said that when +these boys that raised their right hand and took the oath of +allegiance to the American flag return, that these contemptible skunks +that demanded exemption under the law shall occupy the positions, +which these truly loyal men should have. Let's give those positions to +the returning American soldiers and the returning alien soldiers that +fought for the American flag and helped us win the great victory." The +applause given Sullivan was repeated.</p> + +<p>Then the "Silver Lining," Chaplain Inzer, strode upon the stage. This +time he was a very stern Silver Lining, and what he had to say he said +with a vigor which characterized his speeches all during the +convention.</p> + +<p>"I want to offer an amendment," he said. "Mr. Sullivan's resolution +does not cover the whole ground. As Naturalization Officer of the 14th +Infantry, I happen to be observing enough to know that there are other +men that ought to be included in this list. Often we called certain +foreigners together who had been drafted and said, 'Now, men, we are +going to go overseas in a short while. How long have you been in this +country?'</p> + +<p>"One said, 'fourteen years.'</p> + +<p>"'How long have you been here?' to another.</p> + +<p>"'I have been here so and so,' he answered.</p> + +<p>"'All right, now,' we said, 'this has been your country. If we hadn't +gone to war, you would have expected to be here.'</p> + +<p>"'But we want to go home now.'</p> + +<p>"'If you go home will you fight for your country?'</p> + +<p>"'We don't know.'</p> + +<p>"And they absolutely refused to take out citizenship papers. How do we +know them? As Naturalization Officer I marked on every one of those +papers. 'This man, though he has been here for four years or ten years +refused naturalization in the hope that he might avoid overseas +service.' Now, then, I move that we include in that motion that the +files be gone through and every man who refused citizenship, who was a +native of any other country, but adopted this country and refused to +take out the citizenship papers we offered him, after he had been +brought into the army by the draft, also be deported."</p> + +<p>Before the applause began Colonel Luke Lea had the floor. He is tall +and imposing and a powerful speaker.</p> + +<p>"I want to see this made a complete and thorough job, and to that end +I desire to offer a further amendment," he said. "We further demand +the immediate deportation of every alien enemy who, during the war, +was interned, whether such alien enemy be now interned or has been +paroled. I merely want to say this: That any alien enemy who is too +dangerous to be at large and bear the burdens of war, is too dangerous +to be at large and participate in the blessings of peace."</p> + +<p>This brought down the house. It was what everybody thought and wanted. +It was what everybody had hoped for since the very first day during +the war that the Department of Justice had made its first internments. +There have been all sorts of stories telling about these interned +aliens getting rooms with baths, tennis courts, swimming pools, and +playgrounds, and everyone had consistently hoped that they would all +be sent back to Germany or Austria at the earliest possible moment +after the war. The same hope was expressed in regard to certain +Scandinavians and Hollanders here who were active in behalf of +Germany. One thing is certain and that is that none of the delegates +present were opposed to this enemy alien deportation, or if they were +they didn't or couldn't make themselves heard above the thunderous +approbation.</p> + +<p>Chaplain Inzer at this juncture jumped to his feet and heightened the +applause by shouting, "There are four million men back of this +organization. If I were a Bolshevik, I'd pack my grip and beat it."</p> + +<p>The culmination of this particular phase of the caucus was most +dramatic. A wounded soldier on crutches, and bearing two wound stripes +on his arm, was helped to the stage beside the chairman. "I am Private +Sossin of Kentucky," he shouted. "I was born and reared in Poland, and +came to this country and began to enjoy all the freedom of the +American Constitution when I was thirty-seven years old. I left my +business and my family to fight for this country. And if any of my +native countrymen are so despicable as not to want to fight for the +grandest flag the world has ever seen, the flag which gives freedom to +all who are oppressed, I say, damn him and kick him out of here so +that we can show that we despise such slackers."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Chairman</span>: "All those in favor of the motion as finally amended +will vote 'Aye."' That "Aye" shook the theater.</p> + +<p>The caucus then passed a resolution that every naturalized citizen +convicted under the Espionage Act should have his citizenship revoked +and should be deported.</p> + +<p>Another telling blow for Americanism!</p> + +<p>The caucus next went on record with a resolution calling for the +protection of the uniform. Those firms and individuals who had used +the uniform as a method of peddling their wares were scored in the +resolution and it was the sense of the motion that everything possible +should be done to prevent panhandlers and peddlers on the streets +wearing the uniform of the United States.</p> + +<p>The caucus also indorsed Secretary Lane's plan for the "Reclamation of +arid, swamp, and cut-over timber lands." The resolution to that effect +follows in full:</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, the reclamation of arid, swamp, and cut-over timber lands is +one of the great constructive problems of immediate interest to the +nation; and</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, one of the questions for immediate consideration is that of +presenting to discharged soldiers and sailors an opportunity to +establish homes and create for themselves a place in the field of +constructive effort; and</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, one of the purposes for which the formation of the American +Legion is contemplated is to take an energetic interest in all +constructive measures designed to promote the happiness and +contentment of the people, and to actively encourage all proper +movements of a general nature to assist the men of the army and navy +in solving the problems of wholesome existence; and</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, the Department of the Interior and the Reclamation Service +have been engaged in formulating and presenting to the country broad, +constructive plans for the reclamation of arid, swamp, and cut-over +timber lands:</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Now, Therefore, Be It Resolved</span>: By the caucus of delegates of the +American Legion in convention assembled, in the City of Saint Louis, +Missouri, that we endorse the efforts heretofore made for the +reclamation of lands, and we respectfully urge upon the Congress of +the United States the adoption at an early date of broad and +comprehensive legislation for economic reclamation of all lands +susceptible of reclamation and production."</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_X" id="CHAPTER_X"></a>CHAPTER X</h2> + +<h3>THE REËMPLOYMENT PROBLEM</h3> + +<p>We are now coming to the consideration of a subject that was nearer to +the heart of every delegate than any other. That is the reëmployment +of one-time service men. This matter is of the most intimate and +direct concern to the Legion and its leaders and because of its +importance I believe the details of the discussion are sufficiently +interesting to permit me to quote them verbatim from the minutes.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Chairman</span>: "The secretary will read the next resolution."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Secretary Wood</span>: "Reëmployment of ex-service men."</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, one of the most important questions of readjustment and +reconstruction is the question of employment of the returning and +returned soldiers, and</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, no principle is more sound than that growing out of the +general patriotic attitude toward the returning soldier, vouchsafing +to him return to his former employment or to a better job, therefore, +be it</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Resolved</span>: That the American Legion in its first national caucus +assembled, declares to the people of the United States that no act can +be more unpatriotic in these most serious days of readjustment and +reconstruction than the violation of this principle announced which +pledges immediate reemployment to the returned soldiers, and be it +further</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Resolved</span>: That the American Legion in its national caucus assembled +does hereby declare itself as supporting in every proper way the +efforts of the ex-service men to secure reemployment, and recommends +that simple patriotism requires that ex-soldiers or ex-sailors and +ex-marines be given preference whenever additional men are to be +employed in any private or public enterprise, and be it further</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Resolved</span>: That the American Legion recommends to Congress the prompt +enactment of a program for internal improvement, having in view the +necessity therefor and as an incident the absorption of the surplus +labor of the country, giving preference to discharged ex-service men."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Walsh</span> (Pittsburgh): "I move, Mr. Chairman, that we adopt the +resolution."</p> + +<p>The motion was seconded by Colonel Jones, of Washington, D.C.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Leveree</span>: "Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Convention, I desire +to present to you a substitute for this resolution. As one who has +been endeavoring to give a post-war service to these men who are +coming back here and need to be replaced in the industries of this +country, as a volunteer dollar-a-year man in the United States +Employment Service and one who has accomplished results in the work to +the extent that the bulletin of the National Chamber of Commerce has +commented on the work, I desire to call your attention to the fact +that the resolution as presented is not concrete. It says nothing. It +talks in generalities, and I want to present to you a concrete +proposition based on the experience of the Bureau in New Orleans."</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, it is desirable both for the welfare of the soldiers, +sailors, and marines, now rapidly being discharged from the service of +the United States of America, and for the industrial readjustment of +the country that the process of returning these men to productive +occupations in civil life be speeded up as much as possible;</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">And Whereas</span>, by reason of the failure of the Congress of the United +States to appropriate funds for the purpose the said process has been +retarded and left to private initiative; now, therefore, be it</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Resolved</span>: That the American Legion in caucus assembled calls upon the +Congress of the United States to promptly appropriate funds to be +administered for the benefit of existing coordinated Bureaus for the +Employment of Returning Soldiers, Sailors, and Marines, to the end +that there may be no interruption in the service now being rendered +and that it may be broadened and speeded up, be it further</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Resolved</span>: That each local post or organization of the American Legion +is urged during the period of demobilization to constitute itself a +committee of the whole, which shall cooperate with the local +Employment Bureau and shall establish and maintain a liaison between +such Bureau and every employer in the community through members of the +local post or organization who are already employed in such +establishment to the end that it may be made easy for the employer to +avail himself of the service of the Bureau by communicating with +someone in his own establishment, and that every soldier, sailor, and +marine already replaced in industry may have an opportunity to assist +his comrades to become likewise."</p> + +<p>"Gentlemen, this is the crux of that whole business—getting somebody +close to the employer where you can bring about that liaison which is +suggested in this substitute motion."</p> + +<p>The motion to adopt the substitute resolution was made by Mr. Leveree +and seconded by Mr. Luss.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Desmond</span> (of Pennsylvania): "What has been said, in my estimation, +is not comprehensive enough. In the city of Philadelphia which is +known as the Cradle of Liberty, when the men who had given up +positions in the educational system—I mean teachers—returned from +the service of their country they were not, as promised, given the +exact positions which they left. Neither were they given positions of +parallel importance. They were actually demoted in grade so that these +motions do not cover such circumstances. In many cases, in +municipalities, men have returned from the service and have been +forced to take positions not of a parallel grade but positions of a +lower grade.</p> + +<p>"Men, Americanism depends on America's school systems, and if the ones +who are directing our school systems are so unpatriotic as to demote +those who go forth to serve their country, what is going to become of +America and Americanism? And I wish to make an amendment to the effect +that municipalities and boards of education in those municipalities be +forced to give men their parallel positions if not positions of better +grade and that in no instance will they be allowed to demote a man +because he has gone forth to serve his country. I put that forward as +an amendment, that the municipal governments and boards of education +in our municipalities be forced to give men positions of equal grade +if they cannot give better grade."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Simington</span> (of Washington): "I speak in opposition to that amended +resolution. In my State I represent ten thousand organized men. In my +State the present system has proven a failure. The organization that I +represent handles an employment bureau that places 350 service men a +week in permanent positions and 150 in temporary employment, and I say +to you that that record is far and above the record of the U.S. +Replacement Bureau. It is a proven failure. Gentlemen, I believe that +it is 'For George to do'—and we are George.</p> + +<p>"The service man wishes to take care of himself and his own. It is for +the service man to handle his own problems and I suggest as an +amendment—I am not sure of my being in order in offering an amendment +to an amended amendment, but I suggest that it be the sense of this +meeting that Congress assist the American Legion in taking care of its +own in the matter of employment and that it do not use civilians to do +the work." (Applause.)</p> + +<p>The motion was seconded.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Hill</span> (of Pennsylvania): "The original resolution that is before +the convention, I am frank to say, has been forwarded to me by a +soldier from Allegheny County, who walked the streets of Pittsburgh +for eight or nine weeks pleading this principle. A resolution adopted +by the Mothers of Democracy was sufficient for him to get back his +job, because he held a position as a county employee of Allegheny +County and he invoked this principle and vitalized every military +organization in Allegheny County, and by means of that he got back his +job and his back salary and his mother's allowance which was cut off +since January 1, 1918. This resolution was originally presented by me +as a member of the National Resolutions Committee from the State of +Pennsylvania. The National Resolutions Committee appointed a +subcommittee of which I was a member, a committee of three, to +consider this and refer it back to the National Resolutions Committee. +That committee passed favorably upon it and the National Resolutions +Committee passed it.</p> + +<p>"Now, if that resolution, as it stands before the house, was +sufficient to get a job back for him, playing almost a lone hand, +surely it is sufficient for any man here or for, this American Legion, +for all it provides for, and all that is necessary to be done is the +simple patriotism with the American Legion in back of it which can +place its hands on the shoulder of any substantial employer and say, +'Do you wish to rectify yourself on this thing called "patriotism?"' +Do you wish to give the soldier back his job who presents to you a +meritorious case? We give you a chance. If you do not take it we will +publish this thing and you will go down to contumely and +stultification."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Knox</span>: "Gentlemen, I am speaking on behalf of the Resolutions +Committee. We spent all day yesterday listening to such requests as +this. Our final calculated judgment is represented in the resolutions +as presented. We found in the discussion that there was opposition to +an endorsement of the United States Federal replacement division. +(Applause.) And so we determined that the language as adopted covered +the cast. We proposed to create in this organization a reemployment +bureau of our own, and the resolution as presented is all the support +that bureau needs.</p> + +<p>"I move you, sir, that all the substitutes for the original resolution +be laid on the table."</p> + +<p>The motion was seconded.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Bennett Clark</span>: "I simply want to call attention to the fact that +under the rules of the House of Representatives that if you lay all +amendments on the table it carries the entire proposition to the table +and I don't believe this convention wants to do that."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Knox</span>: "I ask a ruling on that, Mr. Chairman. If we lay all these +substitutes for this resolution on the table will that kill the +resolution?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Chairman</span>: "Unless you dispense with the rules."</p> + +<p>MR. KNOX: "Mr. Chairman, I move you, sir, the suspension of the rules +to a sufficient extent so that we may table the substitutes which have +been offered to the original resolution offered by the committee."</p> + +<p>Motion seconded by Mr. Bond of New York and carried.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Chairman</span>: "The question now comes back to the original +resolution."</p> + +<p>The question was called for and it was adopted.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Ackley</span>: "Mr. Chairman, I have another amendment to offer."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Chairman</span>: "It's too late. The secretary will read the next +resolution."</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XI" id="CHAPTER_XI"></a>CHAPTER XI</h2> + +<h3>THE DISREGARD OF SELF</h3> + +<p>I feel almost as if the next matter under discussion should have not +only a special chapter devoted to it but be printed in large type and +in distinctive ink, for I do not believe that anything so thoroughly +gave evidence of the utter disregard of self in the Legion as did the +flat refusal of the delegates to tolerate what has been called in some +quarters, the "Pay Grab."</p> + +<p>The minutes read:</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Secretary Wood</span> (Reading): "ADDITIONAL PAY FOR ENLISTED MEN."</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, the financial sacrifice of the enlisted persons in the +military and naval service of the United States in the world war was +altogether in excess of that of any other class of our citizenship, +and</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, the great majority of these persons left lucrative +employment upon joining the colors, and</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, this direct financial sacrifice was made at a time when +men, many of them aliens who thrived in safety at home, were enjoying +the advantages of an exceptionally high war wage, and</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, the service which involved this sacrifice was a Federal +service in defense of our national honor and national security, +therefore be it</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Resolved</span>: That the delegates to this caucus of those who served with +the colors in the world war urge upon the members of the 66th Congress +the justice and propriety of appropriating a sufficient sum from the +National Treasury to pay every person who served in the enlisted +personnel in the military or naval service for a period of at least +six months between April 6, 1917, and November 11, 1918, six months +additional pay at the rate of $30.00 a month, and to those persons who +served less than six months' in the military or naval service between +April 6, 1917, and November 11, 1918, the sum of $15.00 per month for +each month so served. This bonus to be in addition to any pay or bonus +previously granted or authorized and to be paid upon and subject to +the honorable discharge of any such person."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Knox</span>: "Mr. Chairman, I move the adoption of the resolution as +read."</p> + +<p>The motion was seconded.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Mcgrath</span> (New Jersey): "I served in the navy, and I simply want to +call attention to the fact that this resolution says that the money +shall be paid upon the honorable discharge of the soldiers and +sailors, but in the navy we are only released from active duty and I +will not be discharged for three years, neither will any of the other +three hundred thousand naval reserves. I therefore move that the +resolution be amended to say that so far as the navy is concerned that +the money shall be paid upon their release from active duty or their +honorable discharge."</p> + +<p>The committee accepted the amendment.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Chairman</span>: "Before I put this motion I want to make this suggestion +to you, that this is a pretty serious matter that you are considering. +It is for this caucus, of course, in its wisdom to determine that +which it wants to do, but up to this time, it has assumed continuously +a most splendidly high and patriotic and unselfish attitude toward +this whole question. It has dealt immediately and fairly and +positively with regard to employment problems, but I suggest to you +that we ought to consider very carefully whether we want to go on +record as a caucus, as provided in this resolution, and I would prefer +not to put the question until you have considered it further."</p> + +<p>The action of the caucus was foreshadowed by the applause which it +gave to Colonel Lindsley's caution. Fully a half dozen men jumped to +their feet and waved their hands wildly demanding recognition.</p> + +<p>Colonel Roosevelt arose from his seat with the New York delegation, +and Chairman Lindsley recognized him.</p> + +<p>"Gentlemen, I want to draw your attention to one feature of this +question," he said. The Colonel spoke very deliberately and very +distinctly, reminding a great many of his auditors of his father +because of the way he snapped his words out. "I heartily agree with +what the chair has said so far. I want you to get this particular +reaction on the matter and I want to relate to you a little incident +that happened coming out on the train from New York. One of the +delegates on the same train with me said that the conductor stopped +and talked to him and among other things said, 'Young Teddy Roosevelt +is up ahead. He's going out to St. Louis to try to get some of the +soldiers together to sandbag something out of the Government!' +<i>Sandbag something out of the Government!</i>" The young Colonel's frame +shook with emotion as he repeated that sentence. "Do you men get the +idea of what he thought we were trying to do? We want everything that +is right for us to have, but we are not going to try to sandbag the +Government <i>out</i> of anything; primarily we are going to try to put +something <i>into</i> the Government. In thinking over this resolution +think of that."</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<a href="images/img014.jpg" id="img014"><img src="images/img014.jpg" width="261" height="500" alt="Fred Humphrey of New Mexico, A Vice-Chairman." title="" /></a> +</div> +<p class="center">Fred Humphrey of New Mexico<br /> +A Vice-Chairman.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<a href="images/img015.jpg" id="img015"><img src="images/img015.jpg" width="291" height="500" alt="Private V.C. Calhoun, of Connecticut and the Marine +Corps. He is a Vice-Chairman." title="" /></a> +</div> +<p class="center">Private V.C. Calhoun, of Connecticut and the Marine +Corps<br /> +He is a Vice-Chairman.</p> + +<p>The cheer which greeted this suggestion was so resounding and the +opinion of the caucus so positive on this question that Mr. Gordon of +Connecticut, a member of the committee that framed the resolution, +moved that it should be laid on the table.</p> + +<p>The thunderous "Aye" which tabled this resolution might well be +recorded in letters of gold.</p> + +<p>It showed the utter unselfishness of the American doughboy, gob, and +leatherneck. He had followed Colonel Roosevelt's advice: he refused to +sandbag the Government out of anything, and this action gives the best +possible basis for the procedure to put something into the Government.</p> + +<p>In view of the action of certain newspapers, organizations, and +individuals in advocating that six months' pay should be given to the +returned service man, I wonder if there are not still a great many of +them who are still puzzled over why the Legion refused to endorse this +movement. There must be scores of them, dozens of them who were not +present at the St. Louis Caucus, to catch its spirit and who have not +carefully considered just what impression such a demand on the part of +former soldiers, sailors, and marines would create on the rest of the +country.</p> + +<p>Why shouldn't six months' pay be given to every man who did his bit in +the war with Germany? In the first place, these men who have returned +from the war have begotten for themselves the utmost respect and +affection from those who could not go. The civilian forms the majority +of our people. Because of the esteem before-mentioned, he is willing +to grant almost anything <i>within reason</i> to the service man who risked +so much in defense of the country. It is to the interest of the +service man to make the civilian population feel that he does not want +to get something for nothing but that, rather, he would still prefer +to give his best to the country in peaceful times in the same spirit +that he manifested in war times—an utter disregard of self.</p> + +<p>Had the Legion endorsed this resolution, the general consensus would +have been, "There are the soldiers getting together to make demands. +Their organization is nothing more or less than an association formed +to get something out of the Treasury." Therefore, when the service +men, as a unit, came to demand something vitally necessary for the +good of the country, it is possible that they might be answered: "We +have paid you in money and have your receipt and that will be all for +you."</p> + +<p>This Legion can, must, and will be an inspiration and a guiding spirit +because it is composed of men who have been willing to sacrifice self +for the good of the country. For that they have obtained the +affection of their world and just so long as they are willing to +continue to manifest that spirit will they retain that affection.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XII" id="CHAPTER_XII"></a>CHAPTER XII</h2> + +<h3>THE CLOSING HOURS</h3> + +<p>The next resolution to be passed was that concerning "Disability Pay." +That resolution, as passed read.</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, under the provisions of the existing law an obvious +injustice is done to the civilian who entered the military service, +and as an incident, too, that service is disabled, therefore,</p> + +<p>"BE IT <span class="smcap">Resolved</span>: That this caucus urge upon Congress the enactment of +legislation, which will place upon an equal basis as to retirement for +disability incurred in active service during the war with the Central +Powers of Europe, all officers and enlisted personnel who served in +the military and naval forces of the United States during said war, +irrespective of whether they happened to serve in the Regular Army, or +in the National Guard or National Army."</p> + +<p>Then followed the passage of the War Risk Insurance Resolution. This +read:</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, one of the purposes of this organization is: 'To protect, +assist, and promote the general welfare of all persons in the +military and naval service of the United States and those dependent +upon them,' and,</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, owing to the speedy demobilization of the men in the +service, who had not had their rights, privileges, and benefits under +the War Risk Insurance Act fully explained to them, and these men, +therefore, are losing daily, such rights, privileges, and benefits, +which may never again be restored, and,</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, it is desirable that every means be pursued to acquaint the +men of their full rights, privileges, and benefits under the said act, +and to prevent the loss of the said rights, benefits, and privileges, +therefore,</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Be It Resolved</span>: That this caucus pledges its most energetic support +to a campaign of sound education and widespread activity, to the end +that the rights, privileges, and benefits under the War Risk Insurance +Act be conserved and that the men discharged from the service be made +to realize what are their rights under this act; and that the +Executive Committee be empowered and directed to confer with the War +Risk Insurance Bureau, that it may carry out the purposes herein +expressed and,</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Be It Further Resolved</span>: That it is the sense of this caucus that the +War Risk Insurance Act be amended to provide that the insured, under +the act, may be allowed to elect whether his insurance, upon maturity, +shall be paid as an annuity, or in one payment; and that he may select +his beneficiaries regardless of family relationship."</p> + +<p>At the time of the caucus, Colonel Lindsley was director of the War +Risk Insurance Bureau in Washington. In speaking to the motion to pass +the foregoing resolution, he said that more than a year ago he and +other officers in France felt that if there were no other reasons for +an organization such as the Legion, it would be more than worth while +to create one even though its sole function was to let those who +served in the war know their rights about government insurance and if +it saw to it that the general scheme was perpetuated.</p> + +<p>"I am speaking particularly of the insurance phase of the situation," +he said in part. "The United States Government to-day is the greatest +insurance institution on earth. Thirty-nine billions of dollars of +applications have poured in from over four millions of men; an average +of practically $9000 per man is held throughout the United States and +abroad, and over 90% of these men are insured. That insurance is the +best in the world, because the greatest and the best and the richest +Government on earth says, 'I promise to pay.' It is the cheapest +insurance in the world and always will be because the Government says, +'As part of our contribution, we, the people of the United States, in +this war, as a legitimate expense, will pay all cost of administering +this Bureau.' So that the men who have this insurance now and those +who have it hereafter will pay only the net cost. If there is any +savings, they get it. So that for all time to come they have got the +insurance cheaper than any other country except the United States can +give them. I say that without any improper comparison with the +splendid, properly organized institutions in the United States. It is +simply this: That the people of the United States pay this cost of +administration. By June 1st the policies of conversion will be ready +to be delivered to those who want them. You will be able to cease term +insurance, if you wish, and have ordinary life, limited payment life, +or endowment insurance. You can have any kind you please, but the big +thing, my comrades, is this: To retain every single dollar of this +insurance that you can afford to carry. Don't be in any particular +hurry about conversion. If your income isn't good—carry this message +back to the boys throughout the United States—if their income at this +time doesn't justify carrying higher priced insurance, retain that +which they have got and throughout this country tell the men that +those who have lapsed their insurance because they didn't understand +its value, because it wasn't properly presented to them at the period +of demobilization by the Government, for it was not, tell them they +are going to have every right of reinstatement without physical +examination.</p> + +<p>"There is going to be no snap judgment on any man who served in this +war who, because he was not able when he went out or didn't have the +information or because he was careless or for any other reason didn't +carry on his insurance. I ask you, my friends, and I think it is one +of the important functions of this great American Legion that is born +here in St. Louis at this time, to see that the fullest possible +amount of this government insurance is maintained. Every man that +holds a government policy is a part of the Government more than ever +before. I ask you to bear this in mind and it is going to be within +your power to say yes and no to many of the great problems of the +United States.</p> + +<p>"I ask you to see that this great bureau is kept out of politics and +that it is administered, in the years to come in the interests of +those for whom this law was enacted, those who served as soldiers, +sailors, and marines in this war and their dependents. I thank you for +this opportunity of presenting this matter to you."</p> + +<p>"... It is going to be within your power to say yes or no to many of +the great problems of the United States."</p> + +<p>The service men know this but coming from a man like Colonel Lindsley +it is especially important. How are they going to use this power? What +sort of a legislative program will the Legion have? The answer isn't +hard to find by a perusal of the resolutions which were passed and by +remembering that most important one which did not pass, viz.: the pay +grab.</p> + +<p>The next resolution occupying the attention of the caucus was that one +relating to disability of soldiers, sailors, and marines. It reads:</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Be It Resolved</span>: That the delegates from the several States shall +instruct their respective organizations to see that every disabled +soldier, sailor, and marine be brought into contact with the +Rehabilitation Department of the Federal Board at Washington, D.C., +and,</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Be It Further Resolved</span>: That the secretaries of the various states be +instructed to write to the Federal Board for literature as to what it +offers to disabled men, and that the members of the Legion be +instructed to distribute this literature and to aid the wounded +soldiers, sailors, and marines to take advantage of governmental +assistance, and that every effort be made by the American Legion in +the several States to stop any attempt to pauperize disabled men."</p> + +<p>The whole work of the Legion as outlined at the caucus is constructive +and therefore inspiring. The reader will note from the last +resolution that members of the Legion are to be instructed to +distribute the literature of the Rehabilitation Department among +wounded soldiers, sailors, and marines and to show them how to take +advantage of governmental assistance; and also that every effort will +be made by the American Legion to stop any attempt to pauperize +disabled men.</p> + +<p>A higher-minded, more gentle resolve than that, can hardly be +imagined. All of us remember the host of begging cripples who were +going the rounds of the country even so long as thirty-five or forty +years after the Civil War. This last resolution means that such will +not be the case after this war. I think that it would be safe to say +that in nine cases out of ten, after the Legion gets thoroughly +started, crippled beggars who pretend to have been wounded in the +service of their country will be fakers. Mr. Mott of Illinois, in the +discussion on this question, brought out the fact that there were +approximately sixty thousand soldiers, sailors, and marines +permanently disabled as a result of wounds, accidents, and disease +incurred in the war, while approximately one hundred and forty +thousand discharged men were only more or less disabled.</p> + +<p>The final resolution was that copies of all resolutions passed by the +caucus were to be forwarded to every member of the United States +Senate and each representative in Congress.</p> + +<p>Louis A. Frothingham, chairman of the Resolutions Committee, made an +address in which he thanked the people of St. Louis for their +hospitality and the War Camp Community Service for its aid. The War +Camp Community Service sent special men to St. Louis under the +direction of Mr. Frank L. Jones to cooperate with its St. Louis +leaders in helping to make the delegates comfortable. Arrangements +were made whereby delegates of small means could get lodging for +twenty-five cents a night and meals at the same price.</p> + +<p>Mr. Foss of Ohio introduced the following resolution of thanks which +was passed standing:</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Resolved</span>: That a standing vote of thanks be tendered to the War Camp +Community Service for its active hospitality to the delegates to this +St. Louis Caucus of the American Legion, which is in keeping with its +splendid work through the war in extending community service to our +American soldiers, sailors, and marines, and,</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Be It Further Resolved</span>: That an engrossed copy of this resolution be +forwarded to the national secretary of the War Camp Community +Service."</p> + +<p>In this connection it might be well to digress a bit and to say that +War Camp Community Service functioned splendidly for the young men of +our Army, Navy, and Marine Corps during the war, and as "Community +Service, Inc." intends to continue caring for not only the doughboys +and gobs it served so well but for an enlarged patronage. During the +conflict, War Camp Community Service organized the social and +recreational resources of six hundred communities which were adjacent +to training camps, army bases, and naval stations, and also developed +the same resources in thirty large communities dominated by great war +industries, of which the industrial centers at Bethlehem, Chester, and +Erie, Pennsylvania, are types.</p> + +<p>I believe it is well worth while for every member of the American +Legion to know something about War Camp accomplishment, and Community +Service possibilities for each has a similar aim and goal which may be +realized by harmonious effort on the part of community service +branches and legion posts throughout the entire country.</p> + +<p>The idea of War Camp Community Service, like all successful +experiments, was based on sound truth and simple theory and proved to +be far reaching in results. Communities were not told what to do; +there was no cut and dried program, but rather each community received +special treatment suited to its particular needs, temperament, and +physical characteristics. The basic idea underlying this activity is +to allow each one to express himself. No person or community has the +same thoughts, manner of living or thinking, and entire communities, +like individuals, are affected by their environment and the life which +circumstances compel them to lead. An iron monger's stalwart frame may +conceal a poetic-soul, while the frail body of an obscure clerk may +enclose the spirit of a Cromwell. War Camp has helped a great many +such men to find themselves. Community Service promises to do the same +thing, for the war has given ample proof of the need of just this kind +of service.</p> + +<p>With the war gone, with thousands of young men thrown upon their own +initiative and resources for both work and play, there is going to be +a great need of proper guidance, companionship, and comradeship, +unless a great many are to be overtaken by some madness like +Bolshevism or in a lesser degree—constant and brooding +dissatisfaction. The American Legion post, with its leaders, is going +to fill a great need here. It will be some place to go where a man can +meet his fellows of the better type, and, not only indulge in the +pleasure of discussing former days but, better still, take an interest +in present-day movements affecting his country.</p> + +<p>Also, I feel that Community Service will have a great place in this +same scheme: that it can take the former service man, lonely and +seeking expression, just where the Legion leaves off and, with Legion +ideals on Americanism and the duties of citizenship as a basis, can +round him off in the softer, more intimate molds of life, so that +between the two he may not be only an honor to his country, but to his +family and to his God as well. Therefore, I believe Community Service +will fall heir to the goodwill created by War Camp throughout the +nation, that it will retain the best of the latter's tenets and will +take its place as one of the great powers for good in the community +life of this country.</p> + +<p>At the final session, Major Caspar G. Bacon was elected treasurer of +the Legion to serve until November 11th. Delegations appointed State +chairmen and secretaries to carry on the work of further organization +for the November convention.</p> + +<p>During luncheon time of the last day there had been some fear +expressed among certain of the delegates that the loyal foreign-born +element in the United States might not thoroughly understand the Alien +Slackers Resolution. In order to make that perfectly clear Chaplain +Inzer, during the last hours of the caucus, called for a cheer for +every foreign-born citizen who gave loyal service to the United +States. A rousing one was given.</p> + +<p>Then came the unanimous report of the Committee on Constitution and +By-Laws and declaration of principles. It was passed upon, section by +section. You will find it printed elsewhere in this volume, and you +must read it if you would get a true view of the principles underlying +the Legion. It is as plain as a lesson in a school reader. Any comment +on it from me would be editorial tautology, so I don't want to say +anything more than that its framing was one of the cleverest and most +comprehensive bits of work done since the very beginning of the +Legion.</p> + +<p>On the question of eligibility of Americans who had served in other +armies, Mr. Palmen of California, announced as a bit of information +that an Act approved by Congress on October 15, 1918, provided that +such men must repatriate themselves. "We must go before a judge +qualified to give citizenship back, taking with us our honorable +discharge and credentials to show that we were American citizens at +the time we enlisted," Mr. Palmen declared. Mr. Palmen was with the +Canadian Army for three and a half years. "This question has been +debated and the public at large is much confused about it," he +continued. "I am told all that I must do is to go before a judge and +that I will immediately be made a citizen again with all the rights +and privileges which that implies."</p> + +<p>There was no "hero stuff" at all at this caucus, no names of heroes, +as such, were mentioned. The name of the President of the United +States was not called nor any member of his Cabinet nor was any +reference made to them either direct or indirect. This was done to +avoid the appearance of politics. General Pershing's name was +mentioned once and that was during the discussion of the sixth section +of the constitution which provides that "no Post may be named for any +living person."</p> + +<p>Major Leonard of the District of Columbia delegation obtained the +floor and said that his delegation was in an embarrassing position +because they had already organized a post and named it "Pershing Post +No. 1." Major Wickersham of New York, stated that a number of posts +were already in the process of organization in his State and that the +names of living men had been adopted by them.</p> + +<p>After all why not call these posts after living men?</p> + +<p>Delegate Harder, of Oklahoma, offered the answer:</p> + +<p>"With all due respect to the gentlemen who have already named their +posts they are subjected, as are we to the action of this caucus," he +said. "We know positively that in due course of time those names will +be used, at least to a certain extent, politically. Let us find some +other way to honor these men and make it impossible for the people of +this country to get the idea that this is a political organization."</p> + +<p>There you have it, the real reason. Delegate Harder was only one of +the hundreds who not only wanted to keep the Legion out of politics +now but for all time to come.</p> + +<p>Mr. McGrath of New Jersey also took an amusing fling at article six. +As originally drawn it stipulated that the local unit should be termed +a billet. "I object to the word billet," he said. "It has too many +unpleasant associations as those men who slept in them in France will +testify. A billet meant some place where you lay down and slept as +long as certain little animals would let you, and the American Legion +isn't going to do that."</p> + +<p>Just about this time the afternoon was drawing to a close. Everybody +realized that a monumental task had been performed. Sleepless nights +and nerve-wracking days had been endured. Many pocketbooks were +running low. Everybody felt it was time to go home.</p> + +<p>General Hoffman of Oklahoma obtained recognition from the chair as +some of the delegates already were rising to leave the theater. "I +move, Mr. Chairman," shouted the General, "that we extend a vote of +thanks to Colonel Roosevelt and Colonel Clark and other gentlemen who +have been associated with them and to the chairman of this association +and his able assistants who have brought this convention to such a +happy and successful close."</p> + +<p>At the mention of Colonel Roosevelt's name departing delegates tarried +and when Mr. Weinman of Louisiana moved adjournment, the house stood +and with one accord began to cry, "We want Teddy," "We want Teddy."</p> + +<p>Colonel Roosevelt walked to the center of the stage and raised both +hands seeking silence.</p> + +<p>"I want to say just one thing," he said. "I have never been so much +impressed in my life as I have been by the actions of this caucus, +actions of the various committees and in the way this caucus thought +for itself and acted for itself. For instance it would receive +resolutions from the Resolutions Committee, would think them over, +would re-decide on them and would re-decide them right. I want to say +in closing that the only thing I regret is that my father could not +have been alive at this moment to see the actions of this body of +Americans."</p> + +<p>Mr. Healey of the New York delegation obtained the attention of the +chair. "I make a motion," stated Mr. Healey, "that before this great +caucus adjourns we should remain standing in one minute's silence as a +tribute to the greatest statesman that this nation has ever +produced—THEODORE ROOSEVELT."</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XIII" id="CHAPTER_XIII"></a>CHAPTER XIII</h2> + +<h3>WHY THE AMERICAN LEGION?</h3> + +<p>As I glance back over these pages I am impressed with the fact that +only the preface of "The Story of the American Legion" has been +written here. When the reaches of the years shall gather to themselves +the last of the men of the army, navy, and marine corps of the United +States during its war against Germany that story may then be +faithfully told. So the truth of the matter now is that history is in +the writing so far as the American Legion in its relation to the +United States of America is concerned. That statement isn't in reality +as platitudinous as it seems at first thought.</p> + +<p>We have arrived at world importance in history. We have come to that +as the result of our part in the world war. Our isolation is over. We +are the cynosure of all eyes. Uncle Sam is the dominant world figure; +his hands control the reins that are driving the world. He has the +enemies which all the successful have. There are those who had, and +haven't, and there are those who never had, and want; all desiring, +all envying the power of the United States of America. This great +power and position was gained primarily by one motive—unselfishness. +Just so long as it is our dominant trait will we retain what we have +gained. Just so long as we remain true to our innate principles, to +the tenets of our constitution, will we retain world importance and +world influence.</p> + +<p>There is a wolf at the gates of civilized Europe. If he gets inside +nothing can stop him from ravishing us. This war has bound us so +closely to Europe that we are, in a sense, one and the same. He who +strikes our brother strikes us, even though he be so far away that the +distance is measured by an ocean. We must get over the idea that +distance makes a difference. The Atlantic ocean has just been crossed +in sixteen hours. Remember, thought travels even faster.</p> + +<p>The wolf that I mentioned is a Mad Thought. He is Bolshevism. He has +the madness because of hunger, a hunger not only of body but of mind; +the century-long hunger of the Russian peoples for Freedom. Russia has +run in a circle. From the autocracy of the classes it has arrived at +the autocracy of the masses.</p> + +<p>Then, too, all our European brothers are war worn; tired, tired nearly +to death with struggle and sacrifice, and this is not a frame of mind +calculated to help reseat reason in the world.</p> + +<p>Why the American Legion?</p> + +<p>One of our great bankers recently returned from an intimate study of +affairs abroad. His name is Frank A. Vanderlip. In an address before +the Economic Club in New York City he said that Europe is paralyzed +and that our task is to save.</p> + +<p>I give the introduction to his address as it appeared in the New York +<i>Times</i>:</p> + +<p>"Frank A. Vanderlip, who spoke last night at the Hotel Astor, at a +dinner of the Economic Club, which was held for the purpose of hearing +his story of conditions in Europe, whence he has recently returned, +said that England was on the verge of a revolution, which was narrowly +averted in February, when he was there, and the conditions on the +Continent of Europe are appalling beyond anything dreamed of in this +country.</p> + +<p>"He said that the food conditions in Europe would be worse instead of +better for a year ahead, because of the dislocation of labor and the +destruction of farm animals, and that the industrial and economic +outlook, generally, points to a period after the war, which will +equal, if not exceed the war period in suffering and misery.</p> + +<p>"He said that Italy was afraid to disband her army, because she could +not employ the men and was afraid of idleness. He said that the +differential, which had kept England preëminent in international +trade, was the underpayment of labor, and that this differential was +now being wiped out, forcing England to face tremendously serious +problems for the future. He quoted a British minister as saying that +means would have to be found to send six or seven millions of +Englishmen out of the British Isles and closer to the sources of food +production, if continental conditions continued long as at present.</p> + +<p>"He said that the best printing presses in the world to-day, except +those in Washington, were at Petrograd, and that they were turning out +masses of counterfeited pounds, francs, marks, lira, and pesetas, so +skillfully made that detection was almost impossible. He said that +these counterfeits were being spent largely by Germans to foment +Bolshevist propaganda.</p> + +<p>"Spain would, he said, be the most promising country in Europe except +for the labor situation there, which had brought it to the verge of +Bolshevism. He said that the most perfect laboratory of Bolshevism in +Europe outside of Russia was in Barcelona, Spain, which he said was +ruled absolutely by a mysterious secret council, which had censored +and fined the newspapers until they quit publication and had enforced +its will in all matters by assassinations, which no one dared to +punish.</p> + +<p>"He said that America alone could save Europe and that its aid must be +extended to all countries equally. He said that this was necessary, +not only to save Europe, but to prevent an invasion of America by the +forces threatening the social overthrow of Europe."</p> + +<p>Why the American Legion?</p> + +<p>There, at least, is one great reason.</p> + +<p>Our men of the army, navy, and marine corps got a schooling in the +practical Americanism which our military establishment naturally +teaches. Those who were aliens by birth and those native sons with +inadequate educational advantages learned a great deal by association +with men of better types and by travel. These men can and will stem +the insidious guile of the wolf, and, to aid them in so doing, the +Legion has an active speakers' bureau under Captain Osborn teaching +Americanism in every section of the country. These speakers, in +helping to organize the Legion along the right lines, teach the +Constitution of the United States and preach that remedial changes in +this government can be brought about in only one way, and that is, +constitutionally.</p> + +<p>Why the American Legion?</p> + +<p>America is safe from any real danger if she can keep everybody busy. +Less than two weeks after the caucus, the national executive committee +had in process of formation a practicable scheme to aid in solving the +reëmployment problem. As time goes on this department of Legion +activity will become more and more efficient.</p> + +<p>Here is another answer to the question.</p> + +<p>All through these pages the reader has found references to this +question of reëmployment; to anti-Bolshevism; the protection of the +uniform; the non-partisan and non-political nature of the Legion; +unselfishness; disability pay for the reserve forces; war risk +insurance; allotments and back pay; the care of disabled service men; +one hundred per cent. Americanism, and the deportation of those aliens +who "bit the hand that fed them." The story has dealt almost entirely +with these questions because primarily and fundamentally they are The +American Legion. This program is the most important in the United +States to-day. It means the betterment of the most stable forces in +our community life, not only of to-day but for the next forty or fifty +years. It means the proper extension of the influence of the most +powerful factor for patriotism in our country—the onetime service +man. It does not mean patriotism bounded on one side by a brass band +and on the other by a dressy uniform and a reunion banner. It means +real patriotism in its broadest sense—a clean body politic; a clean +national soul and a clean international conscience.</p> + +<p>This is the final answer to the question which serves as the title for +this concluding chapter.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2><a name="THE_AMERICAN_LEGION" id="THE_AMERICAN_LEGION"></a>THE AMERICAN LEGION</h2> + +<h3>LIST OF STATE OFFICERS</h3> + +<p class="lh">Alabama:</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li> Chairman: Bibb Graves, Montgomery.</li> +<li> Secretary: Leroy Jacobs, Care Jacobs Furniture Co., Birmingham.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Arizona:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: E. Power Conway, Noll Bldg., Phoenix.</li> +<li> Secretary: Fred B. Townsend, Natl. Bk., Arizona Bldg., Phoenix.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Arkansas:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: J.J. Harrison, Little Rock.</li> +<li> Secretary: Granville Burrow, Little Rock.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">California:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Henry G. Mathewson, Flood Bldg., San Francisco.</li> +<li> Secretary: E.E. Bohlen, 926 Flood Bldg., San Francisco.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Colorado:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: H.A. Saidy, Colorado Springs.</li> +<li> Secretary: Morton M. David, 401 Empire Bldg., Denver.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Connecticut:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Jas. B. Moody, Jr., 202 Phoenix Bk. Bldg., Hartford.</li> +<li> Secretary: Alfred A. Phillips, Jr., 110 Glenbrook Rd., Stamford.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">District Of Columbia:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: E. Lester Jones, 833 Southern Bldg., Washington.</li> +<li> Secretary: Howard Fisk, 833 Southern Bldg., Washington.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Delaware:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Geo. N. Davis, 909 Market St., Wilmington.</li> +<li> Secretary: L.K. Carpenter, Du Pont Bldg., Wilmington.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Florida:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: S.L. Lowry, Jr., Citizens Bk. Bldg., Tampa.</li> +<li> Secretary: J.T. Wiggington, 818—15th St., Miami.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Georgia:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Trammell Scott, 97 E. Merrits Ave., Atlanta.</li> +<li> Secretary: Louis H. Bell, c/o Service Record, 208 Flatiron Bldg., Atlanta.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Hawaii:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Lawrence Judd, c/o T.H. Davies & Co., Ltd., Honolulu.</li> +<li> Secretary: J.P. Morgan, Box 188, Honolulu.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Idaho:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: C.M. Booth, Pocatello.</li> +<li> Secretary: Laverne Collier, Pocatello.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Illinois:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: George G. Seaman, Taylorville.</li> +<li> Secretary: Myron E. Adams, 205 Marquette Bldg., 140 S. Dearborn St., Chicago.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Indiana:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Raymond S. Springer, Connersville.</li> +<li> Secretary: L. Russell Newgent, 518 Hume Monsur Bldg., Indianapolis.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Iowa:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Matthew A. Tinley, Council Bluffs.</li> +<li> Secretary: John MacVicar, 336 Hubbell Bldg., Des Moines.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Kansas:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: A. Phares, 519 Sweiter Bldg., Wichita.</li> +<li> Secretary: Ike Lambert, Emporia.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Kentucky:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Henry DeHaven Moorman, Hardinsburgh.</li> +<li> Secretary: D.A. Sachs, Louisville.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Louisiana:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Allison Owen, 1237 State St., New Orleans.</li> +<li> Secretary: T.H.H. Pratt, 721 Hibernia Bank, New Orleans.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Maine:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: A.L. Robinson, 85 Exchange St., Portland.</li> +<li> Secretary: James L. Boyle, 184 Water St., Augusta.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Maryland:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Jas. A. Gary, Jr., Equitable Bldg., Baltimore.</li> +<li> Secretary: Alex. Randall, 12 West Chase St., Baltimore.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Massachusetts:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: John F.J. Herbert, 749 Pleasant St., Worcester.</li> +<li> Secretary: George P. Gilbody, 3 Van Winkle St., Boston.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Michigan:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Geo. C. Waldo, Detroit.</li> +<li> Secretary: Ryle D. Tabor, 312 Moffatt Bldg., Detroit.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Minnesota:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Harrison Fuller, c/o St. Paul Dispatch, St. Paul.</li> +<li> Secretary: George G. Chapin, 603 Guardian Life Bldg., St. Paul.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Mississippi:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Alex Fitzhugh, Vicksburgh.</li> +<li> Secretary: John M. Alexander, Jackson.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Missouri:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman:</li> +<li> Secretary:</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Montana:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Chas. L. Sheridan, Bozeman.</li> +<li> Secretary: Ben. W. Barnett, Helena.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Nebraska:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: John G. Maher, Lincoln.</li> +<li> Secretary: Allan A. Tukey, 1st Natl. Bank Bldg., Omaha.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Nevada:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: E.L. Malsbary, Reno.</li> + +<li> Secretary: J.D. Salter, Winnimucca.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">New Hampshire:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Frank Knox, Manchester.</li> +<li> Secretary: Frank J. Abbott, Manchester.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">New Jersey:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Hobart Brown, c/o Fireman's Insurance Co., Broad and Market Sts., Newark.</li> +<li> Secretary: George W.C. McCarter, 765 Broad St., Newark.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">New Mexico:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Charles M. DeBremon, Roswell.</li> +<li> Secretary: Harry Howard Dorman, Santa Fé.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">New York:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: C.W. Wickersham, 140 Nassau St., New York City.</li> +<li> Secretary: Wade H. Hayes, 140 Nassau St., New York City.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">North Carolina:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: C.K. Burgess, 107 Commercial Bank Bldg., Raleigh.</li> +<li> Secretary: Charles N. Hulvey, A.&E. College, Raleigh.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">North Dakota:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: R.H. Treacy, Bismarck.</li> +<li> Secretary: Ed. E. Gearey, Fargo.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Ohio:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: P.C. Galbraith, Cincinnati.</li> +<li> Secretary: Chalmers R. Wilson, Adj. Gen. Office, State House, Columbus.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Oklahoma:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Ross N. Lillard, Oklahoma City.</li> +<li> Secretary: F.W. Fisher, Oklahoma City.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Oregon:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: E.J. Eivers, 444-1/2 Larrabee St., Portland.</li> +<li> Secretary: Dow V. Walker, Care Multnomah Club, Portland.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Pennsylvania:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman and Secretary: George F. Tyler, 121 S. 5th St., Philadelphia.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Rhode Island:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Alexander H. Johnson, City Hall, Providence.</li> +<li> Secretary: James E. Cummiskey, Crompton.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">South Carolina:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: John D. Smyser, M.D., 423 South Gargan St., Florence.</li> +<li> Secretary: Ben. D. Fulton, 32 West Evans St., Florence.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">South Dakota:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: T.R. Johnson, Sioux Falls.</li> +<li> Secretary: J.C. Denison, Vermillion.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Tennessee:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Roan Waring, Bank of Commerce and Trust Co. Bldg., Memphis.</li> +<li> Secretary: W.R. Craig, Nat. Life and Accident Co., Nashville, Tenn.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Texas:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Claude B. Birkhead, San Antonio.</li> +<li> Secretary: J.A. Belzer, Austin.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Utah:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Harold R. Smoot, Salt Lake City.</li> +<li> Secretary: Baldwin Robertson, 409 Ten Boston Bldg., Salt Lake City.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Virginia:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Andrew D. Christian, c/o Ruy & Power Bldg., Richmond.</li> +<li> Secretary: R.G.M. Ross, 508 1st Nat'l. Bank Bldg. Newport News.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Vermont:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: H. Nelson Jackson, Burlington.</li> +<li> Secretary: Joseph H. Fountain, 138 Colchester Ave., Burlington.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Washington.</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Harvey A. Moss, Seattle.</li> +<li> Secretary: George R. Drever, c/o Adj. Gen. Office, Armory, Seattle.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">West Virginia:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: Jackson Arnold, 111 Court Ave., Weston.</li> +<li> Secretary: Chas. McCamic, 904 Nat'l. Bank of West Virginia Bldg., Wheeling.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Wisconsin:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: E.F. Ackley, 226 First Nat'l. Bk. Bldg., Milwaukee.</li> +<li> Secretary: R.N. Gibson, Grand Rapids.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="lh">Wyoming:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li> Chairman: A.H. Beach, Lusk.</li> +<li> Secretary: R.H. Nichols, Casper.</li> +</ul> + +<hr /> + +<h2><a name="CONSTITUTION" id="CONSTITUTION"></a>CONSTITUTION OF THE AMERICAN LEGION</h2> +<h4>AS ADOPTED BY</h4> +<h2>THE ST. LOUIS CAUCUS</h2> + +<h4>May 10, 1919</h4> + +<h3>PREAMBLE</h3> + +<p>For God and Country we associate ourselves together for the following +purposes:</p> + +<p>To uphold and defend the Constitution of the United States of America; +to maintain law and order; to foster and perpetuate a one hundred per +cent. Americanism; to preserve the memories and incidents of our +association in the Great War; to inculcate a sense of individual +obligation to the community, state, and nation; to combat the +autocracy of both the classes and the masses; to make right the master +of might; to promote peace and good will on earth; to safeguard and +transmit to posterity the principles of justice, freedom, and +democracy; to consecrate and sanctify our comradeship by our devotion +to mutual helpfulness.</p> + +<h4>ARTICLE I</h4> + +<h4><i>Name</i></h4> + +<p>The name of this organization shall be <span class="smcap">The American Legion</span>.</p> + +<h4>ARTICLE II</h4> + +<h4><i>Membership</i></h4> + +<p>All persons shall be eligible to membership in this organization who +were in the military or naval service of the United States during the +period between April 6, 1917, and November 11, 1918, both dates +inclusive, and all persons who served in the military or naval +services of any of the governments associated with the United States +during the World War, provided that they were citizens of the United +States at the time of their enlistment, and are again citizens at the +time of application, except those persons who separated from the +service under terms amounting to dishonorable discharge and except +also those persons who refused to perform their military duties on the +ground of conscientious or political obligation.</p> + +<h4>ARTICLE III</h4> + +<h4><i>Nature</i></h4> + +<p>While requiring that every member of the organization perform his full +duty as a citizen according to his own conscience and understanding, +the organization shall be absolutely non-partisan, and shall not be +used for the dissemination of partisan principles, or for the +promotion of the candidacy of any person seeking public office or +preferment.</p> + +<h4>ARTICLE IV</h4> + +<h4><i>Administration</i></h4> + +<p>I. The Legislative Body of the organization shall be a national +convention, to be held annually at a place and time to be fixed by +vote of the preceding convention, or in the event that the preceding +convention does not fix a time and place, then such time and place +shall be fixed by the Executive Committee, hereinafter provided for.</p> + +<p>2. The annual convention shall be composed of delegates and alternates +from each state, the District of Columbia, and each territory and +territorial possession of the United States, each of which shall be +entitled to four delegates and four alternates, and to one additional +delegate and alternate for each one thousand memberships paid up +thirty days prior to the date of the national convention. The vote of +each state, of the District of Columbia, and of each territory or +territorial possession of the United States shall be equal to the +total number of delegates to which that state, district, territory, or +territorial possession is entitled.</p> + +<p>3. The delegates to the national convention shall be chosen by each +state in the manner hereinafter prescribed.</p> + +<p>4. The executive power shall be vested in a National Executive +Committee to be composed of two representatives from each state, the +District of Columbia, territory and territorial possessions of the +United States and such other ex-officio members as may be elected by +the Caucus. The National Executive Committee shall have authority to +fill any vacancies in its membership.</p> + +<h4>ARTICLE V</h4> + +<h4><i>State Organization</i></h4> + +<p>The state organization shall consist of that organization in each +state, territory, or the District of Columbia whose delegates have +been seated in the St. Louis Caucus. In those states which are at +present unorganized the state organization shall consist of an +Executive Committee to be chosen by a state convention and such other +officers and committees as said convention may prescribe. The state +convention in the latter case shall be called by the two members of +the National Executive Committee in that state, territory, and the +District of Columbia, and shall choose the delegates to the national +convention, providing a fair representation for all sections of the +state or territory. Each state organization shall receive a charter +from the National Executive Committee.</p> + +<p>The officers of the state organization shall be as follows:</p> + +<ul class="plain"><li> One State Commander.</li> +<li>One State Vice Commander.</li> +<li>One State Adjutant.</li> +<li>One State Finance Officer.</li> +<li>One State Historian.</li> +<li>One State Master-at-Arms.</li> +<li>One State Chaplain.</li> +</ul> + +<h4>ARTICLE VI</h4> + +<h4><i>The Local Unit</i></h4> + +<p>The local unit shall be termed the Post, which shall have a minimum +membership of fifteen. No Post shall be received into this +organization until it shall have received a charter. A Post desiring a +charter shall apply to the State Organization and the charter shall be +issued by the National Executive Committee whenever recommended by the +State Organization. The National Executive Committee shall not issue a +charter in the name of any living person.</p> + +<p>The officers of the local organization shall be as follows:</p> + +<ul class="plain"><li> One Post Commander.</li> +<li> One Post Vice Commander.</li> +<li> One Post Adjutant.</li> +<li> One Post Finance Officer.</li> +<li> One Post Historian.</li> +<li> One Post Chaplain.</li> +</ul> + +<p>and such appointive officers as may be provided by the State +Organization.</p> + +<h4>ARTICLE VII</h4> + +<h4><i>Dues</i></h4> + +<p>Each state organization shall pay to the National Executive Committee +or such officer as said committee may designate therefor, the sum of +twenty-five cents annually, for each individual member in that +particular state, District of Columbia, territory, or territorial +possession.</p> + +<h4>ARTICLE VIII</h4> + +<h4><i>Quorum</i></h4> + +<p>A quorum shall exist at a national convention when there are present +twenty-five or more states and territories partially or wholly +represented as herein-before provided.</p> + +<h4>ARTICLE IX</h4> + +<h4><i>Rules</i></h4> + +<p>The rules of procedure at the national convention shall be those set +forth in Roberts' Rules of Order.</p> + +<h4>ARTICLE X</h4> + +<h4><i>Amendment</i></h4> + +<p>This Constitution is to be in force until the November Convention, +when it will be ratified or amended by that Convention.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h2><a name="RESOLUTIONS" id="RESOLUTIONS"></a>RESOLUTIONS</h2> +<h4>PASSED BY</h4> +<h2>THE ST. LOUIS CAUCUS, AMERICAN LEGION</h2> + +<h2>May 10, 1919.</h2> + +<p><i>1. Endorsement of the Victory Liberty Loan.</i></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, the Government of the United States has appealed to the +country for financial support in order to provide the funds for +expenditures made necessary in the prosecution of the war and to +reestablish the country upon a Peace basis; therefore, be it</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Resolved</span>: That this caucus emphatically endorses the Victory Liberty +Loan and urges all Americans to promote the success of the Loan in +every manner possible.</p> + +<p><i>2. Conscientious Objectors.</i></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Resolved</span>: That this caucus go on record as condemning the action of +those responsible for protecting the men who refused full military +service to the United States, in accordance with the Act of Congress +of May 18, 1917, and who were tried by General Court Martial, +sentenced to prison, and later fully pardoned, restored to duty, and +honorably discharged, with all back pay and allowances given them; +and as condemning further the I.W.W.'s, International Socialists, and +Anarchists in their efforts to secure the release of these men already +pardoned, and those still in prison, serving sentence, and,</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Be It Further Resolved</span>: That this caucus demand full and complete +investigation by Congress, of the trial and conviction of these +parties, and their subsequent pardon.</p> + +<p><i>3. Protection of the Uniform.</i></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, it is recognized that the uniform of the United States is as +much a symbol as the flag itself, and thereby entitled to fitting +respect, and, Whereas, certain unscrupulous firms and individuals have +taken nefarious advantage of popular sentiment by utilizing men in +uniforms as peddlers and sales-agents, and,</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, certain discharged men have so far forgotten the respect due +the uniform they wear, as to use it as an aid in peddling goods; +therefore,</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Be It Resolved</span>: That this national caucus go on record as being +unalterably opposed to such practices, and,</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Be It Further Resolved</span>: That each state and local organization here +represented be urged to do all in its power to put an end to this +misuse of the uniform, which has always been worn with honor and for +noble purposes.</p> + +<p><i>4. Reclamation of Arid, Swamp, and Cut-Over Timber Lands.</i></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, the reclamation of arid, swamp, and cut-over timber lands is +one of the great constructive problems of immediate interest to the +nation; and,</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, one of the questions for immediate consideration is that of +presenting to discharged soldiers and sailors an opportunity to +establish homes and create for themselves a place in the field of +constructive effort; and,</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, one of the purposes for which the formation of the American +Legion is contemplated is to take an energetic interest in all +constructive measures designed to promote the happiness and +contentment of the people, and to actively encourage all proper +movements of a general nature to assist the men of the Army and Navy +in solving the problems of wholesome existence; and,</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, the Department of the Interior and the Reclamation Service +have been engaged in formulating and presenting to the country broad, +constructive plans for the reclamation of arid, swamp and cut-over +timber lands;</p> + +<p>Now, <span class="smcap">Therefore, Be It Resolved</span>: By the caucus of delegates of the +American Legion in Convention assembled, in the City of Saint Louis, +Missouri, that we endorse the efforts heretofore made for the +reclamation of lands, and we respectfully urge upon the Congress of +the United States the adoption at an early date of broad and +comprehensive legislation for economic reclamation of all lands +susceptible of reclamation and production.</p> + +<p><i>5. Reëmployment of Ex-Service Men.</i></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, one of the most important questions of Readjustment and +Reconstruction, is the question of employment of the returning and +returned soldiers and sailors, and,</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, no principle is more sound than that growing out of the +general patriotic attitude toward the returning soldier vouchsafing +to him return to his former employment, or a better job;</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Be It Resolved</span>, That the American Legion in national caucus assembled, +declares to the people of the United States that no act can be more +unpatriotic in these most serious days of Readjustment and +Reconstruction than the violation of the principle announced, which +pledges immediate reëmployment to the returned soldier; and,</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Be It Further Resolved</span>: That the American Legion in its National +Caucus assembled does hereby declare itself as supporting in every +proper way, the efforts of the ex-service men to secure reëmployment, +and recommends that simple patriotism requires that ex-soldiers, +sailors, or marines be given preference whenever additional men are to +be employed in any private or public enterprise; and,</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Be It Further Resolved</span>: That the American Legion recommends to +Congress the prompt enactment of a program for internal improvement, +having in view the necessity therefor, and as an incident the +absorption of the surplus labor of the country, giving preference to +discharged ex-service men.</p> + +<p><i>6. Disability Pay.</i></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, under the provisions of the existing law an obvious injustice +is done to the civilian who entered the military service, and as an +incident to that service is disabled; therefore,</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Be It Resolved</span>: That this Caucus urge upon Congress the enactment of +legislation, which will place upon an equal basis as to retirement for +disability incurred in active service during the War with the Central +Powers of Europe, all officers and enlisted men who served in the +Military and Naval forces of the United States during the War, +irrespective of whether they happened to serve in the Regular Army, or +in the National Guard or National Army.</p> + +<p><i>7. War Risk Insurance.</i></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, one of the purposes of this organization is: "To protect, +assist, and promote the general welfare of all persons in the Military +and Naval service of the United States, and those dependent upon +them," and,</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, owing to the speedy demobilization of the men in the service, +who have not had their rights, privileges and benefits under the War +Risk Insurance Act fully explained to them, and these men, therefore, +are losing daily, such rights, privileges and benefits, which may +never again be restored; and,</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, it is desirable that every means be pursued to acquaint the +men of their full rights, privileges, and benefits under the said Act, +and to prevent the loss of the said rights, benefits and privileges; +therefore,</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Be It Resolved</span>: That the American Legion pledges its most energetic +support to a campaign of sound education and widespread activity, to +the end that the rights, privileges and benefits under the War Risk +Insurance Act be conserved, and that the men discharged from the +service, be made to realize what are their rights under this act; and +that the Executive Committee be empowered and directed to confer with +the War Risk Insurance Bureau, that it may carry out the purposes +herein expressed; and,</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Be It Further Resolved</span>: That it is the sense of this Caucus that the +War Risk Insurance Act be amended to provide that the insured, under +the Act, may be allowed to elect whether his insurance, upon maturity, +shall be paid as an annuity, or in one payment; and that he may +select his beneficiaries regardless of family relationship.</p> + +<p><i>8. Alien Slackers.</i></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, there was a law passed by the Congress of these United States +in July, 1918, known as an Amendment to Selective Service Act, giving +persons within the draft age, who had taken out first papers for +American citizenship, the privilege of turning in said first papers to +their local exemption board and thereby become exempt from service, +and,</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, thousands of men within draft age who had been in this +country for many years and had signified their intention to become +citizens, took advantage of this law and thereby became exempted from +military service, or were discharged from military service by reason +thereof, and have taken lucrative positions in the mills, shipyards +and factories; and,</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, in the great world war for democracy the rank and file of the +best of our American manhood have suffered and sacrificed itself in +order to uphold the principles upon which this country was founded, +and for which they were willing to give up their life's blood; and,</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, these counterfeit Americans who revoked their citizenship in +our opinion would contaminate the 100 per cent. true American soldier, +sailor, or marine who will shortly return to again engage in the +gainful pursuits of life; therefore, be it</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Resolved</span>: That we, the American Legion, do demand the Congress of +these United States to immediately enact a law to send these aliens, +who withdrew their first papers, back to the country from which they +came. The country in which we live, and for which we are willing to +fight is good enough for us; but this country in which they have lived +and prospered, yet for which they were unwilling to fight, is too +good for them, and</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Be It Further Resolved</span>: That we demand the immediate deportation of +every alien enemy who was interned during the war, whether the said +alien enemy be now interned or has been paroled.</p> + +<p><i>9. Disabled Soldiers, Sailors, and Marines.</i></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Be It Resolved</span>: That the delegates from the several states shall +instruct their respective organizations to see that every disabled +soldier, sailor and marine be brought into contact with the +Rehabilitation Department of the Federal Board at Washington, D.C., +and,</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Be It Further Resolved</span>: That the secretaries of the various states be +instructed to write to the Federal Board for literature as to what it +offers to disabled men, and that the members of the Legion be +instructed to distribute this literature and to aid the wounded +soldiers, sailors and marines, to take advantage of governmental +assistance and that every effort be made by the American Legion in the +several states to stop any attempt to pauperize disabled men.</p> + +<p><i>10. Espionage Act.</i></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Resolved</span>: That every naturalized citizen convicted under the Espionage +Act shall have his citizenship papers vacated, and when they shall +have served their sentence they shall be deported to the country from +which they came.</p> + +<p><i>11. Resolutions.</i></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Be It Resolved</span>: That copies of these resolutions be forwarded to every +member of the United States Senate and to each Representative in +Congress.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h2><a name="LEGION_FACTS" id="LEGION_FACTS"></a>LEGION FACTS</h2> + +<p>What has gone before is the story of the American Legion in the +making. Now it is a going, growing institution.</p> + +<p>Because it will be of vital interest and importance to every one of +the four million Americans who wore the uniform, the following +information concerning the American Legion, in the form of questions +and answers, is here given, as follows:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>(1) <i>What is the American Legion</i>?</p> + +<p> (a) It is the organization of American veterans of the World + War.</p> + +<p> (2) <i>Who is eligible</i>?</p> + +<p> (a) Any soldier, sailor or marine who served honorably between + April 6, 1917, and November 11, 1918.</p> + +<p> (3) <i>Are women eligible</i>?</p> + +<p> (a) Yes, those who were regularly enlisted or commissioned in + the army, navy or marine corps.</p> + +<p> (4) <i>When was the Legion started</i>?</p> + +<p> (a) It was first organized in Paris, March 15 to 17, 1919, by a + thousand officers and men, delegates from all the units of the + American Expeditionary Force to an organization caucus meeting, + which adopted a tentative constitution and selected the name + "American Legion."</p> + +<p> (5) <i>What has been done in America regarding it</i>?</p> + +<p> (a) The action of the Paris meeting was confirmed and endorsed + by a similar meeting held in St. Louis, May 8 to 10, 1919, when + the Legion was formally recognized by the troops who served in + the United States.</p> + +<p> (6) <i>Are the organizations in France and America separate</i>?</p> + +<p> (a) No. The Paris caucus appointed an Executive Committee of + seventeen officers and men to represent the troops in France in + the conduct of the Legion. The St. Louis caucus appointed a + similar Committee of Seventeen. These two Executive Committees + have amalgamated and are now the governing body of the Legion.</p> + +<p> (7) <i>Who are the officers of this national governing body</i>?</p> + +<p> (a) Henry D. Lindsley, Texas, Chairman; Bennett C. Clark, + Missouri, Vice-Chairman; Eric Fisher Wood, Pennsylvania, + Secretary; Gaspar G. Bacon, Massachusetts, Treasurer.</p> + +<p> (8) <i>Where are the temporary National Headquarters of the + Legion</i>?</p> + +<p> (a) At 19 West 44th Street, New York City.</p> + +<p> (9) <i>When will the final step in the organization of the Legion + take place</i>?</p> + +<p> (a) November 10, 11 and 12, at Minneapolis, Minn., when a great + National Convention will be held.</p> + +<p> (10) <i>Why were those dates selected</i>?</p> + +<p> (a) Because by that time practically all of the men of the + A.E.F. will be at home and will have been able to participate in + the election of their delegates to the Convention.</p> + +<p> (11) <i>Who were some of the men who initiated the formation of + the Legion</i>?</p> + +<p> (a) Lt. Col. Theodore Roosevelt, of the First Division; Col. + Henry D. Lindsley, formerly Mayor of Dallas, Texas; Sgt. "Jack" + Sullivan, of Seattle; Lt. Col. Franklin D'Olier, of + Philadelphia; Ex-Senator Luke Lea, of Tennessee; Lt. Col. + Frederick Huedekoper, of Washington, D.C.; Major Redmond C. + Stewart, of Baltimore; Wagoner Dale Shaw, of Iowa; Lt. Col. + George A. White, of Oregon; "Bill" Donovan, of the "Fighting + 69th"; Major Thomas R. Gowenlock, of Illinois; Sgt. Alvin C. + York, of Tennessee; Colonel John Price Jackson, of the S.O.S.; + Lt. Col. "Jack" Greenway, of Arizona; Sgt. Roy C. Haines, of + Maine; George Edward Buxton, of Rhode Island; Eric Fisher Wood, + of Pennsylvania; Chaplain John W. Inzer, of Alabama; Lt. Col. + David M. Goodrich, of Akron; Chief Petty Officer B.J. Goldberg, + of Chicago; "Tom" Miller, of Delaware; Major Alex. Laughlin, + Jr., of Pittsburgh; Major Henry Leonard, of the Marine Corps; + Dwight J. Davis, of the 35th Division; Corporal Charles S. Pew, + of Montana; General William G. Price, of the 28th Division; + Bishop Charles S. Brent, Senior Chaplain of the A.E.F.; General + O'Ryan, of the 27th Division; Stewart Edward White, of + California; Private Jesus M. Baca, of New Mexico; General + Charles H. Cole, of the 26th Division; Sgt. E.L. Malsbary, of + Nevada; Lt. Samuel Gompers, Jr., of New York; Col. Henry L. + Stimpson, Ex-Secretary of War; Lt. Col. Charles W. Whittlesey, + Commander of the "Lost Battalion"; Leroy Hoffman, of Oklahoma; + Lt. Col. A. Piatt Andrew, of the American Ambulance in France; + General Harvey J. Moss, of the State of Washington; John + MacVicar, Mayor of Des Moines before the War; Sgt. George H.H. + Pratt, of New Orleans; Col. F.C. Galbraith, of Cincinnati; + Corporal Joseph H. Fountain, of Vermont; Devereux Milburn, of + the 78th Division; Lt. Col. Wilbur Smith, of the 89th Division; + Sgt. Theodore Myers, of Pennsylvania; Col. Bennett C. Clark, son + of Champ Clark; Robert Bacon, Ex-Secretary of State.</p> + +<p> (12) <i>What did the Legion, do at its St. Louis caucus</i>?</p> + +<p> (a) It demanded investigation of the pardon and subsequent + honorable discharge by the War Department of convicted + conscientious objectors.</p> + +<p> (b) It condemned the action of the I.W.Ws., the Anarchists, and + the International Socialists.</p> + +<p> (c) It protested against certain nefarious business concerns who + are employing men in uniform to peddle their wares.</p> + +<p> (d) It recommended that Congress should take steps to reclaim + arid, swamp and cut over timber lands and give the work of doing + this to ex-service men, and give the land to them when it had + been made available for farming purposes.</p> + +<p> (e) It demanded of Congress the same disability pay for men of + the National Guard and National Army as now pertains to those in + the Regular establishment.</p> + +<p> (f) It initiated a campaign to secure to service men their + rights and privileges under the War Risk Insurance Act.</p> + +<p> (g) It demanded that Congress should deport to their own + countries those aliens who refused to join the colors at the + outbreak of the war, and pleaded their citizenship in other + countries to escape the draft.</p> + +<p> (h) It undertook to see that disabled soldiers, sailors and + marines should be brought into contact with the Rehabilitation + Department of the Government, which department helps them to + learn and gain lucrative occupations.</p> + +<p> (i) It authorized the appointment of a competent legislative + committee to see that the above recommendations were effectively + acted upon by Congress, and that committee has been appointed + and is now at work.</p> + +<p> (j) It authorized the establishment of a bureau to aid service + men to get re-employment; and of a legal bureau to help them get + from the Government their overdue pay and allotments. These two + bureaus are being organized at the National Headquarters of the + Legion and will be in active operation by July 1st.</p> + +<p> (13) <i>What else did the St. Louis caucus do</i>?</p> + +<p> (a) It endorsed all steps taken by the Paris caucus, and adopted + a temporary constitution which conformed to the tentative + constitution adopted in Paris.</p> + +<p> (14) <i>What does this Constitution stand for</i>?</p> + +<p> (a) The preamble answers that question; it reads: "For God and + Country we associate ourselves together for the following + purposes: To uphold and defend the Constitution of the United + States of America; to maintain law and order; to foster and + perpetuate a one hundred per cent. Americanism; to preserve the + memories and incidents of our association in the Great War; to + inculcate a sense of individual obligations to the community, + state and nation; to combat the autocracy of both the classes + and the masses; to make right the master of might; to promote + peace and good will on earth; to safeguard and transmit to + posterity the principles of justice, freedom and democracy; to + consecrate and sanctify our comradeship by our devotion to + mutual helpfulness."</p> + +<p> (15) <i>How does the Legion govern itself</i>?</p> + +<p> (a) The Constitution provides that the legislative body of the + organization shall be a national convention, to be held annually + ... composed of delegates and alternates from each state, from + the District of Columbia and from each territory and territorial + possession of the United States.</p> + +<p> (16) <i>How is the Legion organized</i>?</p> + +<p> (a) It is composed of State Branches, and these in turn are made + up of Local Posts.</p> + +<p> (17) <i>What is a Local Post</i>?</p> + +<p> (a) The Constitution states that a Local Post shall have a + minimum membership of fifteen. No Post shall be received into + the Legion until it has received a charter. A Post desiring a + charter shall apply for it to the State Branch, and the charter + will be issued, upon recommendation of this State Branch, by the + National Executive Committee. No Post may be named after any + living person.</p> + +<p> (18) <i>How can I join the American Legion</i>?</p> + +<p> (a) By filling out the Enrollment Blank on the last page of this + booklet and mailing it to the State Secretary of your home + state, whose name is listed below. If there is a Local Post in + your home town, your name and address will be sent to the Post + Commander. If there is no Post in your home town, START ONE, + write your State Secretary for the necessary particulars. The + State Secretaries are:</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Alabama</span>.—Leroy Jacobs, care Jacobs Furniture Co., Birmingham.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Arizona</span>.—Fred B. Townsend, National Bank, Arizona Bldg., + Phoenix.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Arkansas</span>.—Granville Burrow, Little Rock.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">California</span>.—E.E. Bohlen, 926 Flood Bldg., San Francisco.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Colorado</span>.—Morton M. David, 401 Empire Bldg., Denver.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Connecticut</span>.—Alfred A. Phillips, Jr., 110 Glenbrook Rd., + Stamford.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Delaware</span>.—L.K. Carpenter, Du Pont Bldg., Wilmington.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">District Of Columbia</span>.—Howard Fisk, 833 Southern Bldg., + Washington.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Florida</span>.—J.T. Wiggington, 818 15th St., Miami.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Georgia</span>.—Louis H. Bell, care of Service Record, 208 Flatiron + Bldg., Atlanta.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Hawaii</span>.—J.P. Morgan, Box 188, Honolulu.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Idaho</span>.—Laverne Collier, Pocatello.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Illinois</span>.—Name not received yet.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Indiana</span>.—L. Russell Newgent, 518 Hume Monsur Bldg., + Indianapolis.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Iowa</span>.—John MacVicar, 336 Hubbell Bldg., Des Moines.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Kansas</span>.—Ike Lambert, Emporia.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Kentucky</span>.—D.A. Sachs, Louisville.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Louisiana</span>.—T.H.H. Pratt, 721 Hibernia Bank, New Orleans.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Maine</span>.—James L. Boyle, 184 Water St., Augusta.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Maryland</span>.—Alex. Randall, 12 West Chase St., Baltimore.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Massachusetts</span>.—George F. Gilbody, 3 Van Winkle St., Boston.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Michigan</span>.—Ryle D. Tabor, 312 Moffatt Bldg., Detroit.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Minnesota</span>.—Merle E. Eaton, care of Lee & Lewis Grain Co., 200 + Corn Exchange Bldg., Minneapolis.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Mississippi</span>.—John M. Alexander, Jackson.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Missouri</span>.—Ed. J. Cahill, Service Commission, Jefferson City.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Montana</span>.—Ben W. Barnett, Helena.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Nebraska</span>.—Allan A. Tukey, 1st National Bank Bldg., Omaha.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Nevada</span>.—J.D. Salter, Winnimucca.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">New Hampshire</span>.—Frank J. Abbott, Manchester.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">New Jersey</span>.—George W.C. McCarter, 765 Broad St., Newark.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">New Mexico</span>.—Harry Howard Dorman, Santa Fé.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">New York</span>.—Wade H. Hayes, 140 Nassau St.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">North Carolina</span>.—Charles N. Hulvey, A. & E. College, Raleigh.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">North Dakota</span>.—Ed. E. Gearey, Fargo.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Ohio</span>.—Chalmers R. Wilson, Adj. Gen. Office, State House, + Columbus.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Oklahoma</span>.—F.W. Fisher, Oklahoma City.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Oregon</span>.—Dow V. Walker, care Multnomah Club, Portland.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Pennsylvania</span>.—George F. Tyler, 121 S. 5th St., Philadelphia.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Rhode Island</span>.—James E. Cummiskey, Crompton.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">South Carolina</span>.—Ben. D. Fulton, 32 West Evans St., Florence.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">South Dakota</span>.—J.C. Denison, Vermillion.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Tennessee</span>.—W.R. Craig, Nat. Life and Accident Co., Nashville.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Texas</span>.—J.A. Belzer, Austin.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Utah</span>.—Baldwin Robertson, 409 Ten Boston Bldg., Salt Lake City.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Vermont</span>.—Joseph H. Fountain, 138 Colchester Ave., Burlington.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Virginia</span>.—R.G.M. Ross, 508 First National Bank Bldg., Newport + News.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Washington</span>.—George R. Drever, care Adj. Gen. Office, Armory, + Seattle.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">West Virginia</span>.—Chas. McCamic, 904 National Bank of West + Virginia Bldg., Wheeling.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Wisconsin</span>.—R.N. Gibson, Grand Rapids.</p> + +<p> <span class="smcap">Wyoming</span>.—R.H. Nichols, Casper.</p></div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2><a name="WHAT_THE_PUBLIC_PRESS_THINKS" id="WHAT_THE_PUBLIC_PRESS_THINKS"></a>WHAT THE PUBLIC PRESS THINKS</h2> + +<p>It is interesting to know what the press of the United States thinks +of the American Legion. Practically every newspaper in the country + +honored the Legion with comment. In almost every instance it was +favorable. Selection has been made of some of this comment—as much as +is feasible to give here. It is of two kinds: first, what the press +thought of the <i>idea</i> of the Legion, and second, what opinion it had +of the Legion after it was launched at St. Louis. The first type of +comment was made prior to the caucus in this country and the second, +afterwards. Comment on both types was generally favorable.</p> + +<p>Lest insincerity be charged let it be said here that there <i>was</i> some +unfavorable comment. One New England paper was surprised that +soldiers, sailors and marines were not clever enough to know that the +American people would perceive their attempt, through this +organization, to "drive a six mule team through the Treasury" and get +pension and pay grabs. One Southern paper pictured Colonel Roosevelt +returning from the St. Louis caucus, a defeated candidate for the +chairmanship, with all hope of the future blasted, while one in Ohio +said with equal accuracy and solemnity that "there is no need of such +an organization at this time, now that the country is entering the era +of peace."</p> + +<p>But here is the comment. It comes from north, east, south, and west, +and it is typical:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>New York Times</i>, April 10, 1919.—... It is a pleasure to know + that Lieutenant Colonel Theodore Roosevelt, the worthy inheritor + of a beloved American name, has called a meeting of soldiers and + sailors at St. Louis. Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Clark, son of + Mr. Champ Clark, is an associate of Lieutenant Colonel + Roosevelt, in the plan for an organization of all our soldiers + and sailors as the American Legion. These two gentlemen, + associated in a patriotic movement, indicate by their names its + common national purpose, apart from politics and partisanship. + "A nonpartisan and non-political association is to be formed," + says Lieutenant Colonel Roosevelt, "an association which will + keep alive the principles of justice, freedom, and democracy for + which these veterans fought." Justice, freedom, and democracy, + without partisanship! The idea is noble. It should prevail.</p> + +<p> <i>Leavenworth</i> (Kansas) <i>Post</i>, April 30, 1919.—... The + character of the men of the American Army who are promoting it + [the Legion] and the high ideals which it professes and proposes + to maintain are a guaranty that it will be a power for helpful + service in the common family of the nation.</p> + +<p> The plan of organization sprang from the desire of serious and + able men in the American Army to maintain the high ideals for + which all of them have fought, to preserve the soldier + comradeship and carry it over into civilian life as an element + of broad helpfulness while keeping the record of the army free + from the taint of selfish aims. It was also wisely intended to + forestall by the creation of one big genuinely representative, + nonpartisan and democratic body, the formation of numerous + smaller organizations in various places by men intent on + exploiting the soldier sentiment and the soldier vote for other + than patriotic purposes.</p> + +<p> <i>New York Sun</i>, April 11, 1919.—... The American Legion will + do an indispensable service. We, who have lived up to the past + few years in an agitation of protest against the pension grab + must now make our minds over sufficiently to realize that in the + new situation we run immediately into danger not of + over-pensioning the veterans of to-day but of neglecting them.</p> + +<p> The new organization must of course be nonpartisan and + non-political. Precedent enough exists in the career of the + Grand Army to make that clear. It should include and enjoy the + guidance of the most influential military men. Politicians it + will have at its service so long as it is well run and organized + from within. Despite its proper political limitations, it should + serve as the most salutary means to influence returned soldiers + to cling to plain old Americanism, shed their martial + acquirements and return to plain, praiseworthy citizenship.</p> + +<p> <i>Washington Star</i>, April 10, 1919.—... The American Legion is + to be welcomed as an agency for the promotion of the best in our + national life. It will represent, with other things, the majesty + of numbers. A great many men will be eligible to membership; and + they will be young, and full of hope and purpose. And when they + act together in matters within the scope of their organization + they will represent a force to be reckoned with in the + formulating of public policies.</p> + +<p> <i>Brooklyn Eagle</i>, April 11, 1919.—Organization of "The American + Legion" is going on rapidily in every State in the Union. Vast + as was the mass of eligibles on which the Grand Army of the + Republic could draw after the Civil War, it did not compare with + the Legion's bulk of raw material. There will be a formal caucus + on May 8th, at St. Louis, of a real representative character, in + which it is said the enlisted men of the army and navy will have + a majority. Lieutenant Colonel Henry L. Stimson, once Secretary + of War, outlines the plan. He believes that this country's + future hereafter is in the hands of the men below thirty years + of age who fought this war. He trusts that the lesson in + practical democracy afforded by military experience and the + ideals of democracy emphasized by military enthusiasm may be + kept permanently alive.</p> + +<p> That this is the main hope of the more active organizers we have + no doubt. Men like Major General O'Ryan, General Charles I. + Debevoise, and Colonel Theodore Roosevelt and Colonel Robert + Bacon would never think of making such a body a lever for + pension legislation or an agency of politics. Yet the + temptation to a divergence from the higher ideals is strong, and + the rank and file may not be inclined to resist it.</p> + +<p> <i>St. Louis Globe-Democrat,</i> April II, 1919.—... Such + societies, it has been proved, are never partisan. They are + invariably exponents of broad-gauge patriotism. That they have + great political influence in a high national sense is true, but + they have never misused it nor ever viewed their mission in a + narrow spirit. They preserve the touch of the elbow throughout + life, but only as thorough Americans, devoted first, last, and + always to our common country.</p> + +<p> St. Louis is proud to be selected as the place for the + inauguration of this admirable and undoubtedly perpetual + society. All wars are represented by societies formed by their + veterans, and all alike have been truly and broadly patriotic. + It will be the same with the new order, whose membership will, + on the strength of numbers called to the colors, far exceed any + former parallel. This event will be a datemark in our patriotic + annals and in the progress of the nation.</p> + +<p> <i>Syracuse</i> (N.Y.) <i>Herald</i>, April 13, 1919.—It has been + earnestly stated, as might have been expected, that the American + Legion will be strictly nonpartisan. That much might be inferred + from the circumstance that one of the leading associates of + Roosevelt in organizing the Legion is Lieutenant Colonel Bennett + Clark, son of the late Democratic Speaker of the House of + Representatives. Colonel Roosevelt is sufficient authority for + the assurance that the movement is neither partisan nor + political. He calls it "an association which will keep alive the + principles of justice, freedom and democracy for which these + veterans fought." Viewed in that sentimental, ethical and + patriotic light, it is a commendable undertaking. The American + people will wish it well, and be glad to see it flourish....</p> + +<p> <i>Norfolk</i> (Va.) <i>Dispatch</i>, April 9, 1919.—If the American + Legion now in process of organization by young Colonel Roosevelt + and his associates, clings to the principles of foundation and + holds by the purposes proclaimed by its founders, it may become + a mighty force for good in the land. It will be composed of + several millions of comparatively youthful Americans, a large + percentage of whom will be voters, while virtually all will have + demonstrated their readiness to fight their country's battles + with weapons far deadlier than bullets.... This assumes the + legion will fulfill the part it has undertaken to play in the + country's life. If it should degenerate into a selfish + protective body, it will be worse than useless. But there is + little reason to fear it will fall so far below its ideals while + there is every reason to hope it will be a powerful factor in + helping the country to find itself again.</p> + +<p> <i>New Orleans Item</i>, April 14, 1919.—The American Legion through + the tremendous influence and mighty power of 3,000,000 organized + fighting men, is certain to shape and control the destinies of + the nation in years to come to an extent of which the wise will + refrain from even suggesting a limit. With the announcement by + Lieutenant Colonel Theodore Roosevelt that the "Legion will be + interested in policies, but not in politics," the opinion may + safely be hazarded that the great political parties of the + country are due to have new mentors, from whom they may be + forced to look anxiously for their cues.</p> + +<p> Primarily among the announced purposes of the Legion is the + perpetuating of those principles of justice, freedom and + democracy for which its members either fought or stood ready to + fight. On the field in France or in the training camps at home, + the millions of America's best manhood have learned intimately + and well a new lesson of individual and national responsibility. + Such lessons, at the cost they were obtained, are not to be + forgotten or lost. The ideals of the fighting men of the states, + producing the valor and the power which made the American Army + irresistible, and the revelations by fire of new realizations + and brotherhood and of world and national citizenship are surely + to be felt in the calm, happier times of peace.</p> + +<p> <i>Philadelphia Record</i>, April 10, 1919.—... If, as Colonel + Roosevelt predicts, the membership shall eventually comprise + 4,000,000 men who were in the military and naval service of the + United States in the late war, it will have possibilities of + power that must be reckoned with. But if, in the long life + before it, the American Legion shall have no more to its + discredit than is summed up in the history of the G.A.R. whose + ranks are now so pathetically thin, it will have been a worthy + follower of its fathers.</p> + +<p> <i>Paterson</i> (N.J.) <i>Evening News</i>, May 7, 1919.—... The new + organization starts its career deserving and receiving the good + wishes of the entire country. The character of the men of the + American army who are promoting it and the high ideals which it + professes and proposes to maintain are a guaranty that it will + be a power for helpful service in the common family of the + nation.</p> + +<p> <i>Duluth</i> (Minn.) <i>Herald</i>, May 24, 1919.—There is a great field + for the American Legion, the organization of American veterans + of the World War, and judging by the spirit of the recent + convention and by the expressions of the returning delegates as + reported in the press of the country, it is going to fill that + field.</p> + +<p> And the field that awaits it, and that it seems to intend to + fill, is a field of a vigorous and aggressive effort to demand + and enforce a strong and coherent and consistent Americanism.</p> + +<p> Not the swashbuckling kind of Americanism—the + chip-on-the-shoulder kind—the we-can-lick-the-world kind. These + lads of ours are the last in the world to preach that fool kind + of Americanism. For they—or at least those of them who crossed + the seas and fought for liberty and peace on the other + side—have seen in the case of Germany what that kind of + nationalism comes to, and they are against it.</p> + +<p> But there is a type of Americanism which is utterly free from + the taint of militarism and jingoism, but that yet is even more + dangerous to anybody at home or abroad who flaunts the spirit of + America and defies its power. And unless the signs fail, the + American Legion is going to express and embody and inculcate + that type of Americanism.</p> + +<p> <i>Anaconda</i> (Mont.) <i>Standard</i>, May 24, 1919.—... At St. Louis + the members voted down all proposals for obtaining from Congress + increases of pay for the soldiers and rejected all efforts to + obtain canvasses of the members to ascertain their preference as + to parties and as to presidential candidates. Everything was + excluded which would tend to committ the organization to any + particular party or any particular candidate. Young Colonel + Roosevelt, son of the former republican president, and Colonel + Bennett Clark, son of Champ Clark, former democratic speaker of + the house, joined hands in the endeavor to keep partisanship and + politics out of the organization.</p> + +<p> <i>Collier's Weekly</i>, May 31, 1919.—A national convention of + American soldiers and sailors in which no grievances were aired, + no political axes ground, no special privileges or preferments + demanded; where oratorical "bunk" was hooted down; where social + discrimination was taboo and military rank counted not at all; + where the past glories of war were subordinated to the future + glories of peace and where the national interest was placed + above all partisanship—that is something new under the sun. It + was in such a convention held in St. Louis during the second + week in May, that the new spirit of the American army and navy + expressed itself articulately for the first time since the + armistice was signed. The birth of the American Legion was + attended by circumstances having a significance comparable with + those surrounding the signing of a certain document in + Philadelphia one hundred and forty-three years ago, come July + 4th.</p> + +<p> A brigadier general arises to "place in nomination the name of a + man who—" and is cried down by doughboys with calls of "Name + him! Who is he?" A proposal to give extra pay to enlisted men is + unanimously defeated because, as Lieutenant Colonel Roosevelt + put it, "we are not here to sandbag something out of the + Government, but to put something into it." The invitation to + make Chicago the next meeting place of the Legion is refused + because "American soldiers and sailors don't want to go to a + city whose mayor would be ashamed to welcome such a convention." + A progressive Republican, son of a famous father, refuses the + chairmanship to quiet suspicion of personal ambition, and the + office goes to a Southern Democrat of whose party the gathering + is in complete ignorance.</p> + +<p> One of the convention stenographers said: "This is the funniest + convention I have ever attended." We have an idea that there was + an element of prophecy in her homely remark—a body representing + more than four million American soldiers and sailors that makes + so little political noise is likely to be about as funny to the + conventionally minded politician as a bombardment of gas shells. + This language of restraint in the mouths of organized civilian + youth may prove to be a natural companion to the famous battle + slogan of the A.E.F.: "Let's go!"</p> + +<p> <i>New York Evening Post</i>, May 3, 1919.—... The true usefulness + of a veterans' organization is not far to seek. Like the G.A.R., + the Legion should maintain and develop the comradeship bred by + the war. It can assist the unfortunate in its ranks; it can take + care of the widows and orphans of soldiers, in so far as any + inadequacy of public provision seems to make care necessary. The + Legion can preserve the fame of soldiers and commanders, by + erecting monuments, by seeing that histories are written, and by + proceedings of its regular reunions. It can foster such a public + recollection of the great deeds of the war as well as broaden + and deepen American patriotism. Sherman remarked in 1888 that + there was some danger that a peace-loving generation in time of + crises "would conclude that the wise man stays at home, and + leaves the fools to take the buffets and kick of war." This + danger can best be met by just such an organization as the + G.A.R., with its campfires of song and story. Comradeship, + charity and patriotism—these should be the Legion's watchwords.</p> + +<p> <i>New Haven</i> (Conn.) <i>Union</i>, April 16, 1919.—... Its more + immediate task, as its promoters see it, is to help the members + and the families of members who maybe in need of assistance. No + comrade of the great struggle is to feel that he is forgotten + and forsaken by the comrades who served the same great cause. + Its large and more permanent duty is to spread the sentiment of + patriotism, to set an example of love of country, and unselfish + service, to keep blooming always in the soldiers' bosom the + flower of sacrifice that springs from every soldier's grave in + France.</p> + +<p> <i>Philadelphia Press</i>, April 10, 1919.—The organization of the + soldiers of the late war into a permanent body is inevitable and + entirely proper.</p> + +<p> <i>Capper's Weekly</i>, May 24, 1919.—The American Legion organized + at St. Louis is the new G.A.R. and through its platforms the + views of the soldiers who fought in France will be heard. It is + already apparent what the trend of that sentiment is. Whatever + military system this nation sets up, if it meets the approval of + the two million men who served the nation in the Great War, it + will be democratic in spirit and as far as possible in form. It + will be an army in which the self-respect of the common soldier + will be recognized. The returning soldier has no use for anyone + living here who is not wholly American, and is for expelling the + unnaturalized alien wherever found. Loyalty to the Nation is + fundamental in the soldiers' view.</p> + +<p> The Nation must safeguard itself and make a distinction between + citizens who offer themselves and their all, and citizens who, + for whatever reason, withhold some part of their allegiance. + Brutal treatment of conscientious objectors is neither civilized + nor necessary, but a differentiation is created by such + residents themselves, and there should be corresponding + differentiation in rights and protection. This is one of the + subjects that the returned soldiers have at heart.</p> + +<p> <i>Post Intelligencer</i>, Seattle, Washington, May 21, 1919.—... + The American Legion will be a political force in the nation as + it has a perfect right to be. No organization of its character + is to be held together by the cohesive power of reminiscence. + Something more binding is required, and that something will be + forthcoming whether anyone outside the Legion likes it or + not....</p> + +<p> The American Legion will be made up of intelligent young men who + will have a community interest and whose interest can only be + furthered by united action. They will know that nothing is more + transient than public gratitude, and they will assuredly not + rely on it.</p> + +<p> <i>Rochester</i> (N.Y.) <i>Times</i>, May 23, 1919.—At its first + convention held recently in St. Louis, the American Legion + unanimously voted down a proposal to seek increased bonus money + for the soldiers.</p> + +<p> At that same meeting, Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., refused to accept + official leadership of the organization because he desired to + allow no ground for any charge that he wished to utilize it to + further his political career.</p> + +<p> Such action by the Legion and by one of its most prominent + members warrant its organizers in working to enroll all the men + who served during the great war.</p> + +<p> If this path is followed the American Legion will be a force for + good in the country's affairs as well as a bond of fellowship + among those who were members of the largest army ever raised by + this republic.</p> + +<p> <i>Manchester</i> (N. H). <i>Union</i>, May 27, 1919.—... In spite of + all that has been written and said it appears there still + remains some mistaken idea and prejudices concerning this + organization. The purposes of the American Legion are:</p> + +<p> 1. To uphold and defend the Constitution of the United States of + America.</p> + +<p> 2. To maintain law and order.</p> + +<p> 3. To foster and perpetuate a one hundred per cent. Americanism.</p> + +<p> 4. To preserve the memories and incidents of our association in + the Great War.</p> + +<p> 5. To inculcate a sense of individual obligation to the + community, state and nation.</p> + +<p> 6. To combat the autocracy of both the classes and the masses.</p> + +<p> 7. To make right the master of might.</p> + +<p> 8. To promote peace and good will on earth.</p> + +<p> 9. To safeguard and transmit to posterity the principles of + justice, freedom and democracy.</p> + +<p> 10. To consecrate and sanctify comradeship by devotion to mutual + helpfulness.</p> + +<p> This is the program and platform of the wonderful organization + whose potential membership is the four million and more men who + wore their country's uniform in the war.</p> + +<p> It is big enough and broad enough to admit every man and woman + who joined the colors. If, as has been intimated, there are some + few ex-service men who think they see in this tremendous + movement something personal and partisan, they should take the + blinders off, forget their unworthy fears, and come out into the + open with their comrades, determined, as every man is who has + already joined, that the American Legion will never be made the + vehicle of personal ambition nor the creature of partisan + purpose; but will be conserved to foster and promote only those + high purposes which are so nobly defined in the language which + is quoted above, taken bodily from the constitution of the + Legion.</p> + +<p> PITTSBURGH, <i>Gazette-Times,</i> May 29, 1919.—... In contrast + with the Grand Army, the American Legion will embrace all + sections of our land. Similarly it will be the private soldier's + organization. Military honors will not count. Absolute + Americanism is to be its dominating principle. With the + dwindling ranks of the Grand Army there is need of such an + organization. The Grand Army has long been a staunch bulwark of + patriotism but time is doing its work. Others must soon take up + where the veterans of the Civil War left off. Those of the new + organization who saw service overseas possess a new vision of + what America means. Because of their good fortune in going + abroad they reaped an advantage over those who were denied the + privilege, though entitled to no more credit. All who donned the + uniform served. With an organization of such possibilities in + numbers and all imbued with a patriotic fervor the safety of the + Republic against the machinations of those who would tear down + is assured.</p> + +<p> <i>Burlington</i> (Vt.) <i>News</i>, May 29, 1919.—So far as actual + results are concerned America gains little from the peace + treaty. If, however, the American Legion measures up to the + standard we believe it capable of, America will be the greatest + gainer of all in the war.</p> + +<p> <i>Bridgeport</i> (Conn.) <i>Standard</i>, May 28, 1919.—The statement + that the American Legion is to let politics alone is good news + to the people of this country who are looking toward this fine + organization of American fighters to bring to our national life + some of the spirit which chased the Fritzies back to the Rhine. + The civilian public has a right to ask what are the aims of this + new, and sure to be powerful, organization. Four million men are + of its potential membership. These four million are to be found + scattered in every city, village and hamlet in the country. They + are to meet on terms of equality, officers and men. They know + how to work together, how to undergo discipline for a worthy + objective, and how to go over the top in action. It is good, + then, to know that this new four million is not to be a + political machine. We want no more of the mawkish of either + fearing or catering to the "soldier-vote."</p> + +<p> Only as a nonpartisan organization can the American Legion do + its best work. Its able leaders know this. In a day when men are + fast deserting unworthy party emblems to stand for what they + think right, the soldier organization will have a wide + influence.</p> + +<p> We hail the Legion.</p> + +<p> It had to come and it is coming strong and sure.</p> + +<p> Good men are at the head of the column, and better men than + those in the ranks exist nowhere in the country.</p> + +<p> They are the pick of the best, physically best, in nerve and in + courage, best in point of training, in discipline and best among + all the nations who won the great victory.</p> + +<p> There is still a fight in America. Democracy is never safe, only + being made safe. Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty. + Eternal vigilance without regard to fear or favor is to be the + spirit of the American Legion.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h2><a name="COMMITTEES" id="COMMITTEES"></a>COMMITTEES</h2> + +<h3>EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE</h3> +<p class="lh">Alabama</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>D.W.M. Jordan</li> +<li>John W. Inzer</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Alaska</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Edgar T. Hawley</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Arizona</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>John C. Greenway</li> +<li>E.P. Conway</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Arkansas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Joe S. Harris</li> +<li>James J. Harrison</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">California</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.G. Mathewson</li> +<li>C.E. Palmen</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Colorado</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.A. Saidy</li> +<li>E.R. Myers</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Connecticut</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.C. Meserve</li> +<li>A.M. Phillips, Jr.</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Delaware</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>George N. Doris</li> +<li>George L. Evans</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">District of Columbia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>N.C. Turnage</li> +<li>E. Lester Jones</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Florida</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Davis Forster</li> +<li>J.T. Wigginton</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Georgia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Louis H. Bell</li> +<li>J.G. Juett</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Hawaiian Islands</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.P. Morgan</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Idaho</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>E.C. Booth</li> +<li>Frank Esterbrook</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Illinois</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>William R. McCauley</li> +<li>Marshall Field</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Indiana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Robert Morehead</li> +<li>C.F. Strodel</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Iowa</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.H. Polk</li> +<li>John MacVicar</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Kansas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.S. Metcalf</li> +<li>Sidney Moss</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Kentucky</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Henry D. Moorman</li> +<li>D.A. Sachs, Jr.</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Louisiana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Allison Owen</li> +<li>Ralph Michel</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Maine</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Albert Greenlaw</li> +<li>Arthur L. Robinson</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Maryland</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.F. French</li> +<li>Wm.A. Huster</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Massachusetts</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>G.G. Bacon</li> +<li>J.F.J. Herbert</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Michigan</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Frederick M. Alger</li> +<li>A.C. Doyle</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Minnesota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Harrison Fuller</li> +<li>A.M. Nelson</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Mississippi</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Alex. Fitz-Hugh</li> +<li>Fred Sullens</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Missouri</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Court P. Allen</li> +<li>H. Stattman</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Montana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.L. Blomquist</li> +<li>C.E. Pew</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Nebraska</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>John G. Maher</li> +<li>Ed. P. McDermott</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Nevada</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>E.L. Malsbary</li> +<li>T.J.D. Salter</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Hampshire</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Frank Knox</li> +<li>Mathew Mahoney</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Jersey</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>D.B. Muliken</li> +<li>P.J. Ehrhardt</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Mexico</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>B.M. Cutting</li> +<li>O.A. Larrizola, Jr.</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New York</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Theodore Roosevelt, Jr.</li> +<li>Louis Burrill</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">North Carolina</p> + +<p class="lh">North Dakota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.M. Hanley</li> +<li>G.A. Fraser</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Ohio</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.L. Cochrun</li> +<li>H.W. Snodgrass</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Oklahoma</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Roy Hoffman</li> +<li>Ralph H. Berry</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Oregon</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>E.J. Eivers</li> +<li>W.B. Follett</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Pennsylvania</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Franklin D'Olier</li> +<li>A. Laughlin, Jr.</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Rhode Island</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>A. Johnson</li> +<li>R.B. Weeden</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">South Carolina</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.B. Springs</li> +<li>M.B. Berkley</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">South Dakota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.C. Denison</li> +<li>Joseph S. Pfeiffer</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Tennessee</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Luke Lea</li> +<li>Harry S. Berry</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Texas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.E. Jackson</li> +<li>Rolland Bradley</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Utah</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Baldwin Robertson</li> +<li>Royal Douglas</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Vermont</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H. Nelson Jackson</li> +<li>Joseph Fountain</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Virginia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>C. Francis Cooke</li> +<li>Andrew S. Christian</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Washington</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>L.L. Thompson</li> +<li>Russ Simonton</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">West Virginia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>John G. Bond</li> +<li>Charles McCamic</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Wisconsin</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>James Ackley</li> +<li>G.W. Strampe</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Wyoming</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>C.M. June</li> +<li>L.A. Miller</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">American Army Association</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Hayward H. Hillyer</li> +<li>William P. Norton</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">World War Veterans</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>G.H.W. Rauschkolb</li> +<li>John S. Siebert</li></ul> + +<h3>RESOLUTIONS COMMITTEE</h3> + +<p class="lh">Alabama</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Matthew H. Murphy</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Alaska</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>James Hawley</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Arizona</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Ed. M. Le Baron</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Arkansas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Fred N. Tillman</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">California</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>E.H. Dibble</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Colorado</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.A. Saidy</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Connecticut</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>F.W. Carroll</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Delaware</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>George N. Doris</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">District of Columbia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Charles E. Johnston</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Florida</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Carroll Ford</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Georgia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Eugene Sibert</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Hawaii</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.P. Morgan</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Idaho</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>C.M. Booth</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Illinois</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Marshall Kearney</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Indiana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>A.C. Duddelston</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Iowa</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.H. Polk</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Kansas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.W. Hollaway</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Kentucky</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>M.K. Gordon</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Louisiana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>John D. Ewing</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Maine</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Roger A. Greene</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Maryland</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.L. French</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Massachusetts</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>L.A. Frothingham</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Michigan</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Avery Gilleo</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Minnesota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>S.S. Smith</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Mississippi</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Alex. Fitz-Hugh</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Missouri</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.C. Clark</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Montana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Sam Abelstein</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Nebraska</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Hird. Stryker</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Nevada</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>E.L. Malsbary</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Hampshire</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Frank Knox</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Jersey</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>E.A. Tobin</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Mexico</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Roy H. Flamm</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New York</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Robert Marsh</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">North Dakota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.R. Baker</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Ohio</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>E.J. Rummell</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Oklahoma</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>E.E. Atkins</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Oregon</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>B.E. Leonard</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Pennsylvania</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Fred Hill</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Philippines</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Robert R. Landon</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Rhode Island</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.P. Shunney</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">South Carolina</p> + +<p class="lh">South Dakota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>William G. Buell</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Tennessee</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>G.P. Anderson</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Texas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Charles R. Tips</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Utah</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>R.J. Douglas</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Vermont</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Guy Varnum</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Virginia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>John J. Wicker, Jr.</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Washington</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>John J. Sullivan</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">West Virginia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>John C. Vaughan</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Wisconsin</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Robert Cunningham</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Wyoming</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>L.A. Miller</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">American Army Association</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Joseph P. McGlinn</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">World War Veterans</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Thomas H. Dempsey</li></ul> + +<h3>CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS COMMITTEE</h3> + +<p class="lh">Alabama</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Bibb Graves</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Alaska</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>James Hawley</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Arizona</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>John C. Greenway</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Arkansas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Burton S. Kinsworthy</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">California</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.G. Mathewson</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Colorado</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>R. Dickson</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Connecticut</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.J. Malone</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Delaware</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>George W. Davis</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">District of Columbia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>John Lewis Smith</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Florida</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.T. Wigginton</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Georgia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>L.H. Bell</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Hawaiian Islands</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.P. Morgan</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Idaho</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>C.M. Booth</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Illinois</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>C.G. Seeman</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Indiana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Scott R. Brewer</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Iowa</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Fred M. Hudson</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Kansas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>P.R. Johnson</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Kentucky</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.D. Haven Moorman</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Louisiana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Gus Blanchard</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Maine</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Roy C. Haines</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Maryland</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Wm. A. Huster</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Massachusetts</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.H. Howard</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Michigan</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Howard Brink</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Minnesota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>E.D. McCarthy</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Mississippi</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Fred Sullens</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Missouri</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Bennet Clark</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Montana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>C.E. Pew</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Nebraska</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>L.J. McGuire</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Nevada</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.D. Salter</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Hampshire</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Frank J. Abbott</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Jersey</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Harlan Besson</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Mexico</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>D.H. Wyatt</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New York</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Hamilton Fish</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">North Carolina</p> + +<p class="lh">North Dakota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.Y. Semling</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Ohio</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.F. Koons</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Oklahoma</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Horace H. Hagan</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Oregon</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Roderick D. Grant</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Pennsylvania</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>D.G. Foster</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Rhode Island</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Percy Cantwell</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">South Carolina</p> + +<p class="lh">South Dakota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Wm. G. Buell</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Tennessee</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Ed. Palmer</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Texas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Claud Birkhead</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Utah</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>R.S. McCarthy</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Vermont</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J. Watson Webb</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Virginia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Wm. A Stuart</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Washington</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>L.L. Thompson</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">West Virginia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Charles W. McCamic</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Wisconsin</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Elmer Owens</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Wyoming</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>R.L. Powers</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">American Army Association</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Haywood W. Hillyer</li></ul> + +<h3>ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE</h3> + +<p class="lh">Alabama</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Cecil Gaston</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Alaska</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>James Hawley</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Arizona</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Alexander B. Baker</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Arkansas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Ross Mathis</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">California</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>E.E. Bohlen</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Colorado</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>E.R. Meyer</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Connecticut</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>P.C. Calhoun</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Delaware</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Irving Warner</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">District of Columbia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Henry Leonard</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Florida</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>A.H. Blanding</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Georgia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>R.L. Wilson, Jr.</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Hawaii</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.P. Morgan</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Idaho</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Taylor Cummings</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Illinois</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Frank Harrison</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Indiana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.A. Umpleby</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Iowa</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Maris B. De Wolfe</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Kansas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>P.C. Stamford</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Kentucky</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.G. Wheeler</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Louisiana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Louis Ginella</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Maine</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>James U. Boyle</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Maryland</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Wm. B. Wilmer</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Massachusetts</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>G.C. Cutler</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Michigan</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.F. Young</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Minnesota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Paul McMichael</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Mississippi</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>George Hoskin</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Missouri</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>F.L. Smith</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Montana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>C.E. Pew</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Nebraska</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Geo. H. Holveman</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Nevada</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>T.J.D. Salter</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Hampshire</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>George V. Fiske</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Jersey</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>R.P. Schenck</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Mexico</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Don. L. Blevins</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New York</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Parton Swift</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">North Carolina</p> + +<p class="lh">North Dakota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.P. Williams</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Ohio</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>L.J. Campbell</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Oklahoma</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Hugh Haughery</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Oregon</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.L. May</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Pennsylvania</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>G.A. Rick</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Rhode Island</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Alex. Johnson</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">South Carolina</p> + +<p class="lh">South Dakota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>T.R. Johnston</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Tennessee</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.A. Shadow</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Texas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Arch C. Allen</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Utah</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>D.E. Rhivers</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Vermont</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Leonard Nason</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Virginia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>C. Brook Bollard</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Washington</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Fred Redinger</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">West Virginia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>M.V. Godfrey</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Wisconsin</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.C. Davis</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Wyoming</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Wm. Shortell</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">American Army Association</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Scott W. Lucas</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">World War Veterans</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Charles S. Watkins</li></ul> + +<h3>CREDENTIAL COMMITTEE</h3> + +<p class="lh">Alabama</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Joseph Yates</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Alaska</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>James Hawley</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Arizona</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>F.P. Bernard</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Arkansas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Ivie Herschel</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">California</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>B.W. Herhart</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Colorado</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.W. Gwin</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Connecticut</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>F.S. Butterworth</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Delaware</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>George L. Evans</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">District of Columbia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>S.P. Knut</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Florida</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Davis Forster</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Georgia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.G. Juett</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Hawaiian Islands</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.P. Morgan</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Idaho</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Paul Peterson</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Illinois</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Roger Young</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Indiana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.W. Todd</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Iowa</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>P.M. Soper</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Kansas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>I.E. Lambert</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Kentucky</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Richard H. Slack</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Louisiana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>G.H.H. Pratt</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Maine</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Albert Greenlaw</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Maryland</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.S. Davis</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Massachusetts</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>G.F. Gilbody</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Michigan</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.A. O'Dell</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Minnesota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>George Chapin</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Mississippi</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>John M. Alexander</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Missouri</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>D.W. Cronkite</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Montana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Doug. McCallum</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Nebraska</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Orlando H. Kearney</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Nevada</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>T.J.D. Salter</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Hampshire</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>John Santor</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Jersey</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>C.S. Brady</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Mexico</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Jesus M. Baca</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New York</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.P. Goerke</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">North Dakota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.P. Williams</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Ohio</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.L. Bimm</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Oklahoma</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>F.W. Fisher</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Oregon</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>C.L. Mullen</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Pennsylvania</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>E.J. Pennell</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Rhode Island</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>F.B. Thurber</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">South Dakota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>T.R. Johnson</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Tennessee</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.D. Robertson</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Texas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>John S. Hoover</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Utah</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.G. Wooley</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Vermont</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Alexander Smith</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Virginia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>G.R. Poole</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Washington</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Fred Fein</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">West Virginia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.J. Simmons</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Wisconsin</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>M.A. Chybowski</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Wyoming</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>D.C. McCarthy</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">World War Veterans</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>John S. Seibert</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">American Army Association</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.W. Hillyer</li></ul> + +<h3>COMMITTEE ON PERMANENT HEADQUARTERS</h3> + +<p class="lh">Alabama</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Beach Chenoweth</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Alaska</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>James Hawley</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Arizona</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Alex. B. Baker</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Arkansas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Wm. Dougherty</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">California</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>B.L. Shuman</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Colorado</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>D.J. Sparr</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Connecticut</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>B.R. Mathies</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Delaware</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>E.H. Kane</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">District of Columbia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>L. Clarkson Hines</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Florida</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>A.H. Blanding</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Georgia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Eugene Sibert</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Hawaiian Islands</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.P. Morgan</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Idaho</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>R.R. Wilson</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Illinois</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Charles Wham</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Indiana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>M.H. Thomas</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Iowa</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Thompson L. Brookhart</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Kansas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.A. Phares</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Kentucky</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>E.H. Marriner</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Louisiana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>L.P. Beard</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Maine</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Roger A. Greene</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Maryland</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>F.A. Young</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Massachusetts</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.H. Dolan</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Michigan</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Wm. King</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Minnesota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>D.R. St. Julian</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Mississippi</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Robt. Burnett</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Missouri</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>A. Field</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Montana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Ben W. Barnett</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Nebraska</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Geo. Gilligan</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Nevada</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>E.L. Malsbary</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Hampshire</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Arthur Trufant</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Jersey</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>R.F. Ritter</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Mexico</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>O.A. Lorizolla, Jr.</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New York</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Thos. John Conway</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">North Carolina</p> + +<p class="lh">North Dakota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>G.A. Fraser</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Ohio</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.L. Hall</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Oklahoma</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Earl McNally</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Oregon</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.P. Follett</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Pennsylvania</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>C.A. Buettner</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Philippine Islands.</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Robert Landon</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Rhode Island</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Walter Sharkey</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">South Dakota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.G. Buell</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Tennessee</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Ed. Buford</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Texas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Roy A. Jamison</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Utah</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.C. Kundson</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Vermont</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>L.H. Nason</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Virginia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Robt. P. Wallace</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Washington</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>C.B. McDonald</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">West Virginia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Geo. S. Houston</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Wisconsin</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>James Pfeil</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Wyoming</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>C.M. June</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">American Army Association</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.W. Hillyer</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">World War Veterans</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>R.A. Thompson</li></ul> + +<h3>COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION</h3> + +<p class="lh">Alabama</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>LeRoy Jacobs</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Alaska</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>James Hawley</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Arizona</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>M.E. Cassidy</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Arkansas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Roy Penix</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">California</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Clair Woolwine</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Colorado</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.E. Swink</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Connecticut</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>R.C. Vance</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Delaware</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Irving Warner</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">District of Columbia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Donald McGregor</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Florida</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Conrad Ford</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Georgia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>L.H. Bell</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Hawaiian Islands</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.P. Morgan</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Idaho</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Paul Peterson</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Illinois</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Richard M. O'Connell</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Indiana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Robt. Clee</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Iowa</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.D. Lemley</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Kansas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>M.B. Musselman</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Kentucky</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>James G. Juett</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Louisiana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Rudolph Wienan</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Maine</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Roy C. Haines</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Maryland</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>A.R. Hagner, Jr.</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Massachusetts</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Donald Green</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Michigan</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Chas. D. Kelley</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Minnesota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Jno. J. Ahern</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Mississippi</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Chas. R. Dolbey</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Missouri</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Robert Fullerton, Jr.</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Montana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Ben W. Barnett</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Nebraska</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>A.L. Stuart</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Nevada</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>E.L. Malsbary</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Hampshire</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>C. Fred Maher</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Jersey</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Allen L. Eggers</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Mexico</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Jesus M. Baca</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New York</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Geo. P. Putnam</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">North Dakota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Arthur Gorman</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Ohio</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.M. Bush</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Oklahoma</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.T. Burling</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Oregon</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>B.E. Leonard</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Pennsylvania</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Ammon Monroe Aurand, Jr.</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Rhode Island</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Harry F. McKenna</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">South Dakota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>T.R. Johnson</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Tennessee</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.H. Corson, Jr.</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Texas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>John W. Young</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Utah</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Leo Meehan</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Vermont</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>L.H. Nason</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Virginia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>D.D. Nei</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Washington</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Russ Simonton</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">West Virginia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Geo. S. Houston</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Wisconsin</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>C.M. Huntley</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Wyoming</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Ralph L. Powers</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">American Army Association</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.W. Hillyer</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">World War Veterans</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>C.P. Dimmitt</li></ul> + +<h3>FINANCE COMMITTEE</h3> + +<p class="lh">Alabama</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>B.F. Stoddard</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Alaska</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>James Hawley</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Arizona</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>M.E. Cassidy</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Arkansas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Garland Hurt</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">California</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>E.H. Dibbley</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Colorado</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Ed. Krueger</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Connecticut</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>James B. Moody</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Delaware</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Irving Warner</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">District of Columbia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Howard F. Fiske</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Florida</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Davis Forster</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Georgia</p> + +<p class="lh">Hawaii</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.P. Morgan</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Idaho</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>John S. Green</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Illinois</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Albert A. Sprague</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Indiana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Chester P. Wolfe</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Iowa</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.R. Hart</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Kansas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.B. Brickell</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Kentucky</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>R. Ewall</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Louisiana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Levering Moore</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Maine</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Waldemar P. Adams</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Maryland</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Alexander Randall</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Massachusetts</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J. Stewart</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Michigan</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>George M. Kesl</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Minnesota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>O.H. Baldwin</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Mississippi</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Paul Chambers</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Missouri</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>D.G. Hubbard</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Montana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Arthur Barry</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Nebraska</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>William Richie</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Nevada</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>T.J.D. Salter</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Hampshire</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>William E. Sullivan</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Jersey</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Paul De Voise</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Mexico</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>F.B. Humphrey</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New York</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>M.B. Murphy</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">North Dakota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>G.A. Fraser</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Ohio</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>B.J. Hard</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Oklahoma</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>William Viuer</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Oregon</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>C.L. Muffin</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Pennsylvania</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>James W. Gary</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Rhode Island</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Jas. Elinniskey</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">South Carolina</p> + +<p class="lh">South Dakota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.C. Denison</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Tennessee</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Charles R. Bowman</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Texas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>C.C. Beavens</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Utah</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Harold R. Smoot</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Vermont</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Pearl T. Clapp</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Virginia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.T. Wyatt</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Washington</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>C.S. Sapp</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">West Virginia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Clarence Jones</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Wisconsin</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>P.R. Minnahan</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Wyoming</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>N.V. Swensen</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">American Army Association</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Louis R. Florin</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">World War Veterans</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>G.H.W. Rauschkolb</li></ul> + +<h3>COMMITTEE ON NAME</h3> + +<p class="lh">Alabama</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Norman J. Reiss</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Alaska</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>James Hawley</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Arizona</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Fred B. Townsend</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Arkansas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Roy W. Wood</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">California</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Clair Woolwine</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Colorado</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Robt. G. Allen</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Connecticut</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>P.L. Sampsell</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Delaware</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>E.H. Kane</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">District of Columbia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J. Bentley Mulford</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Florida</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.T. Wigginton</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Georgia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.G. Juett</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Hawaiian Islands</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.P. Morgan</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Idaho</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>T.A. Feeney</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Illinois</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Thos. Harwood</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Indiana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Augustus B. Wilson</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Iowa</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Jackson R. Day</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Kansas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>P.K. Cubbison</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Kentucky</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.O. Sayers</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Louisiana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Davis McCutcheon</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Maine</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Waldemar P. Adams</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Maryland</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>G.H. Tieman</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Massachusetts</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.P. McGrath</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Michigan</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>B.B. Bellows</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Minnesota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.R. Sturtz</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Mississippi</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Arthur B. Clark</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Missouri</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.W. Holcomb</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Montana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.L. Blomquist</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Nebraska</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Frank F. Fischer</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Nevada</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>T.J.D. Salter</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Hampshire</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.J. Murphy</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Jersey</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>G.H. Stratton</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Mexico</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>C.S. Caldwell</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New York</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>E.D. Bunn</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">North Carolina</p> + +<p class="lh">North Dakota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>L.B. Merry</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Ohio</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>R.E. Shank</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Oklahoma</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Robert B. Keenan</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Oregon</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.B. Follett</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Pennsylvania</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>B.L. Houck</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Rhode Island</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Jos. San Soneitr</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">South Dakota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>T.R. Johnson</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Tennessee</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Barton P. Brown</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Texas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Russ D. Langdon</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Utah</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>L.J. Seeley</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Vermont</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Alexander Smith</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Virginia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Robt. R. Wallace</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Washington</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Rob. S. Gordon</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">West Virginia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Jas. M. Crockett</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Wisconsin</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>John P. Szultek</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Wyoming</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Maurice Dineen</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">American Army Association</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.W. Hillyer</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">SOLDIERS AND SAILORS COUNCIL</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>S.H. Curtin</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">World War Veterans</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>John S. Seibert</li></ul> + +<h3>COMMITTEE ON EMBLEM</h3> + +<p class="lh">Alabama</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.F. Gillem</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Alaska</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>James Hawley</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Arizona</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Fred B. Townsend</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Arkansas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Wendell Robertson</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">California</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>V.W. Gerhard</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Colorado</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>M.C. Dameron</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Connecticut</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.S. Hurley</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Delaware</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>E.H. Kane</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">District of Columbia.</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.G. Glenn</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Florida</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Mr. Bell</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Georgia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.G. Juett</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Hawaii</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.P. Morgan</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Idaho</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Paul Davis</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Illinois</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.C. Mundt</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Indiana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>N.J. Buskirk</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Iowa</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>A.M. Pond</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Kansas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Foss Farar</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Kentucky</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H. Reingold</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Louisiana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.A. Coon</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Maine</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Frank M. Hume</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Maryland</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>T.H. Scaffe</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Massachusetts</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.H. Wheelock</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Michigan</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>P.W. Nickel</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Minnesota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Conrad Veit</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Mississippi</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.T. Adams</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Missouri</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>U.P. Haw</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Montana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Worth C. Almon</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Nebraska</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>R.J. Webb</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Nevada</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>T.J.D. Salter</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Hampshire</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Walter J. Hogan</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Jersey</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.M. Pancoast</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Mexico</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>F.B. Humphrey</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New York</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>F.W. Baldwin</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">North Dakota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Wm. Stern</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Ohio</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>E.L. King</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Oklahoma</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>P.A. Fox</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Oregon</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>R.D. Grant</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Pennsylvania</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>L.L. Felts</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Rhode Island</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>F.V. Thurber</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">South Dakota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.C. Denison</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Tennessee</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.R. Craig, Jr.</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Texas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>S.P. Boom</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Utah</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Charles Parsons</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Vermont</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Joseph Fontain</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Virginia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.R. Trotter</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Washington</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Fred. J. Shaw</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">West Virginia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Sam. Solins</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Wisconsin</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>L.J. Woodworth</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Wyoming</p> + +<p class="lh">World War Veterans</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Geo. E. Davis</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">American Army Association</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>T.R. Smith</li></ul> + +<h3>COMMITTEE ON NEXT MEETING PLACE</h3> + +<p class="lh">Alabama</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>F.M. Ladd</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Alaska</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>James Hawley</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Arizona</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Ed. M. LeBaron</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Arkansas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Wm. G. Edgar</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">California</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>B.O. Shuman</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Colorado</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>T.H. Wiles</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Connecticut</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.D. Copp</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Delaware</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Geo. L. Evans</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">District of Columbia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Louis P. Clephane</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Florida</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Mr. Bell</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Georgia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>R.L. Wilson, Jr.</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Hawaiian Islands</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.P. Morgan</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Idaho</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Frank Estabrook</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Illinois</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Grover Sexton</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Indiana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.B. Reynolds</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Iowa</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>B.R. Finch</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Kansas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Charles I. Martin</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Kentucky</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Frank Bernhaim</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Louisiana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Clifford Stem</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Maine</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>James L. Boyle</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Maryland</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>A.C. Solomon</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Massachusetts</p> + +<ul class="plain"><li>Marcus Maddern</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Michigan</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Frank J. Tobin</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Minnesota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Loren B. Roberts</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Mississippi</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.S. Fleming</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Missouri</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>L.C. Lozier</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Montana</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Arthur Barry</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Nebraska</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Allan Tukey</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Nevada</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>E.L. Malsbary</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Hampshire</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>H.L. Hereaux</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Jersey</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>A.S. Westcott</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New Mexico</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>S.S. Caldwell</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">New York</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Fred Gallager</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">North Carolina</p> + +<p class="lh">North Dakota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Wm. Stern</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Ohio</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Ralph Pearce</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Oklahoma</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>W.T. Butts</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Oregon</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>E.J. Eivers</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Pennsylvania</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>A.I. McRae</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Rhode Island</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Walter Sharkey</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">South Dakota</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Wm. G. Buell</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Tennessee</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>G.C. Milligan</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Texas</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>L. Nicholson</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Utah</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Fred. Jurgensen</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Vermont</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J. Watson Webb</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Virginia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>G.R. Poole</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Washington</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Albert Johnston</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">West Virginia</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Joseph Jackson</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Wisconsin</p> + +<ul class="plain"><li>C.H. Foster</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">Wyoming</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Benj. Gregg</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">World War Veterans</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>F.H. Rein</li></ul> + +<p class="lh">American Army Association</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>J.A. Bernard</li></ul> + +<hr /> + +<h2><a name="ROSTER" id="ROSTER"></a>ROSTER</h2> + +<p class="smcap">Alabama</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Chenoweth, Beach Mead</span>, Birmingham. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Gaston, Cecil D.</span>, Birmingham. Med. Corps U.S.A. and A.E.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Gillem, Jennings F.</span>, Birmingham. 320 M.G. Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Graves, Bibb</span>, Montgomery. 117th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Inzer, J.W.</span>, Mobile. 14th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Jacobs, Leroy R.</span>, Birmingham. 38th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Jordan, Wm.M.</span>, Birmingham. Evac. Hosp. No. 11.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Ladd, Frank M., Jr.</span>, Mobile. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Long, F.M.</span>, Jasper. 7th Inf. 9th M.G. Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lussier, Richard F.</span>, Birmingham. M.I.D. Gen. Staff.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Murphy, Matthew H.</span>, Birmingham, 117th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Reiss, Norman J.</span>, Mobile. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Stoddard, B.S.</span>, Mobile. 49th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Yates, Joseph A.</span>, Birmingham, 117th F.A.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Alaska</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Hawley, Edgar T.</span>, Boise, Idaho. U.S.A.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Arkansas</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Burrow, G.M.</span>, Little Rock. 18th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Doherty, William</span>, Jonesboro. 153d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Edgar, Wm.G.</span>, El Dorado. 153d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hamilton, Scott D.</span>, Fayetteville. 346th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Harris, Joe S.</span>, Monticello. 153d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Harrison, J.J.</span>, Little Rock. Care Pugh Printing Company. Instructor Tr. Camp.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Herschel, Ivie</span>, Marion. 154th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hurt, Garland</span>, Newport. 162d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Jackson, Thomas A.</span>, Little Rock. 154th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Kinsworthy, B.S.</span>, Little Rock. Off. Tr. Camps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lloyd, T.H.</span>, Paragould. I.C.O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Mathis, Ross</span>, Cotton Plant. 2d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Penix, Wm. Roy</span>, Jonesboro. Kelly Fld., Tex.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Robertson, W.A.</span>, Ft. Smith. 13th Aero Squad.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Smith, E. Ross</span>, Little Rock. 141 M.G. Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Stafford, John L.</span>, Springdale. 106th Am. Train 3 1st Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Taylor, R.P.</span>, Paragould. Aerial Ob. C.A.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Tillman, Fred A.</span>, Fayetteville, 12th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wood, Roy W.</span>, Little Rock. Naval Aviation.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Arizona</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Baker, Alexander B.</span>, Phoenix. 28th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bernard, E.P.</span>, Tucson. 47th M.G. Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Cassidy, M.E.</span>, Bisbee. Ad. Gen. Dep.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Greenway, John C.</span>, Warren. 101st Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lebaron, Edwin M.</span>, Mesa. 801st P. Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Townsend, Frank B.</span>, Phoenix. F.A.C.O.T.S.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">California</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Bohlen, E.E.</span>, San Francisco. 347th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Dibblee, Benj.H.</span>, San Francisco. F.A.C.O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Gearhart, B.W.</span>, Fresno. 609th Aero Sq.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hammond, Leonard C.</span>, San Francisco, 91st Aero.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Houghton, A.D.</span>, Los Angeles. Am. Serv. League.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Kelly, E.J.</span>, Los Angeles. 64th U.S. Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Mathewson, H.G.</span>, Alameda. C.A.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Palmer, C.E.G.</span>, Coalinga. Canadians.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Shuman, Blair S.</span>, San Francisco. 363d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Slow, Ashfield E.</span>, San Francisco. 347th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Woolwine, Clare W.</span>, Los Angeles. 8th Inf. Gen. St.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Colorado</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Allen, Robt. G.</span>, Denver. 305th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Dameron, M.C.</span>, Pueblo. Camp Med. Supp. Depot.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">David, Morton M.</span>, Denver. 20th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Dickson, Ray</span>, Ft. Collins. 30th Serv. Co.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Gwin, Jno. W.</span>, Pueblo. 158th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Krueger, Edw., Jr.</span>, Buena Vista. Air Serv.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lawrence, C.W.</span>, Pueblo. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Maloney, B.F.</span>, Pueblo. 815th Pioneer.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Myer, E.R.</span>, Boulder. 356th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Saidy, H.A.</span>, Colorado Springs. 341st F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Sparr, D.J.</span>, Denver. 157th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Stubbs, Albert L.</span>, La Junta. Medical Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Swink, Walter E.</span>, Rocky Ford. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wiles, Thos H.</span>, Denver. Chaplain.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Connecticut</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Butterworth, Dr. S.</span>, New Haven. Chem. War Serv.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Calhoun, Philo C.</span>, Bridgeport. U.S.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Carroll, Francis W.</span>, Waterbury. Presidential Gd. U.S.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Copp, Webster D.</span>, Norwich, 301st M.G. Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hurley, Jas. S.</span>, Waterbury. 73rd Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Malone, Wm. J.</span>, Bristol. A.S. (A).</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Matthies, Bernard H.</span>, Seymour. 105th Spruce Squad.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Meservo, Harry C.</span>, Stamford. 68th C.A.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Moody, Jas. B., Jr.</span>, Hartford. 301st Supply Train.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Phillips, Alfred N., Jr.</span>, Stamford. 55th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Sampsell, P.L.</span>, New London. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Tiley, Morton C.</span>, Essex. U.S.A.A.S.</li></ul> + +<p class="smcap">Delaware</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Doris, Geo. N.</span>, Wilmington. 364th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Evans, Geo. L.</span>, Wilmington. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Warner, Irving</span>, Wilmington. Cement Mill Co. No. 8.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">District of Columbia</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Clephane, Lewis P.</span>, Washington. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Connolly, Frank A.</span>, Washington. 312th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Fisk, Howard S.</span>, Washington. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Glenn, Wm. G.</span>, Washington. 103d M.O.R.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hines, L.C.</span>, Washington. F.H. 165-117.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Johnston, Chas. E.</span>, Washington. U.S. Coast Gd.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Jones, E. Lester</span>, Washington. Sig. Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Kruit, Prentiss</span>, Washington. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Leonard, H.</span>, Washington. U.S.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Macgregor, Donald</span>, Washington. Sig. Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Mulford, J.B.</span>, Washington. 165th Field Hosp. Co.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Smith, Jno. L.</span>, Washington. Mil. Intell. Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Turnage, M.C.</span>, Washington. P.M.G.O.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Florida</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Forster, Davis</span>, New Smyrna. M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Givens, Morris M.</span>, Tampa. 31st Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lowry, S.L., Jr.</span>, Tampa. 31st Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Mcgucken, Harold</span>, Tampa. 124th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wigginton, J.T.</span>, Miami. 124th Inf.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Georgia</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Bell, Louis H.</span>, Atlanta. 20th M.G. Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hillyer, Haywood H.</span>, Macon. 49 M.G. Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Juett, J.G.</span>, Atlanta. 122d. Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Siebert, Eugene</span>, Atlanta. 437th Det. Eng. Corp.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Stockbridge, Basil</span>, Atlanta. 122d. Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wilson, Robt. L., Jr.</span>, Atlanta. 122d Inf.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Hawaiian Islands</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Morgan, Jas. P.</span>, Hawaii. Inf. Replac. Troops Camp Grant, Ill.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Idaho</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Boom, Eugene C.</span>, Moscow. 18th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Booth, C.M.</span>, Pocatello. 44th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Collier, L.R.</span>, Pocatello. 163d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Cummins, Taylor</span>, Twin Falls. Coast Art.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Davis, Paul</span>, Boisé. I.C.O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Estabrook, Frank</span>, Nampa. 146th M.G. Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Feeney, Thos. A.</span>, Lewiston.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Green, Jno. S.</span>, Twin Falls, 1st St. Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Peterson, Paul T.</span>, Idaho Falls. 75th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wilson, Albert H.</span>, Clarks Fork. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wilson, R.R.</span>, Pocatello. Inf. (unassigned).</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Illinois</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Adams, M.E.</span>, Chicago. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Adler, Morris</span>, Quincy. 1st O.T. Sch.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Allen, Royal B.</span>, Marseilles. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Arnold, B.J.</span>, Chicago. Air Serv.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Ayres, Lester G.</span>, Oak Park. C.A. School.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bolin, Jas. R.</span>, Paris. 2d Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Boose, Jos. I.</span>, Chicago. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Burnett, Geo.</span>, Shelbyville. 130th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Burns, J.H.</span>, Carrollton. 337th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Busch, A.H.</span>, Cicero. 117th M.G. Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Cave, Robt. R.</span>, Chicago. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Collins, W.H.</span>, Decatur. 119th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Cummings, Jno. P.</span>, Chicago. Tank Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Currier, C.L.</span>, La Grange. 25th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Dickerson, Earl B.</span>, Chicago. 365th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Dutcher, Everett C.</span>, Dixon. 342d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Eisenberg, Sam J.</span>, Chicago. 332d F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Engle, Robt. H.</span>, Freeport. 41st Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Everson, Chas. W.</span>, Chicago. A.S. Sig. R.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Fayart, L.E.</span>, Springfield, 9th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Field, Marshall</span>, Chicago. F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Flannery, Frank B.</span>, Chicago, Beach Hotel, 221st F. Sig. Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Flory, Roger</span>, Chicago. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Floyd, Jno. A.</span>, Chicago. 6th Cav.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Forman, Harold</span>, Chicago. 72d F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Freid, Sam'l L.</span>, Chicago. 50th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Goldberg, B.L.</span>, Chicago. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Gorey, Thos. V.</span>, Joliet. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Gowenlock, Thos. R.</span>, Chicago. 1st Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Greene, Jno. J.</span>, Chicago. C.M.G.O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hana, Leo G.</span>, Peoria. 341st Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hardwood, Thos. F.</span>, Bloomington. 343d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Harrison, F.J.</span>, Streator. 1st C.O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hartford, C.E.</span>, Marseilles. Ordnance.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hartrick, Guy R.</span>, Urbana. Ordnance.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Helfrich, Geo. R.</span>, Chicago. 17th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hindert, Geo. C.</span>, Minonk. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hippler, S.H.</span>, Canton. 5th Reg.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hirstein, A.K.</span>, Fairbury. 129th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hughes, Jno. E.</span>, Chicago. A.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Ickes, Fay</span>, Springfield, 310th F. Sig. Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Jefferson, E.A.</span>, Chicago. 604th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Jenkins, Newton</span>, Chicago. 5th Reg.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Kearney, Marshall V.</span>, Chicago. 303d Bn. Tank Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Kelley, W.L.</span>, Shelbyville. Chem. War Serv.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Kendrick, J.E.</span>, Lincoln. 161st Dep. Br.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Kingston, Ray</span>, Shelbyville. 119th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Kraatz, C.F.</span>, Carbondale. 161st D.B.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lauer, Robt. J.</span>, Chicago. 344th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lee, Harry V.</span>, Chicago. Signal Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Ling, Walter</span>, Evansville. 115th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lynde, Cornelius</span>, Chicago. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Macaulay, Irwin</span>, Quincy. Ordnance.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Markley, H.G.</span>, Watseka. 116th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Marsh, A.F.</span>, Chicago. Const. Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Marshall, Thos. H.</span>, Chicago. Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">McCauley, W.R.</span>, Olney. 308th Bn. Tank Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Meierhofer, Edw. H.</span>, Minonk. 68th Art.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Merrick, Marlowe M.</span>, Chicago. Sig. Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Middleton, A.B.</span>, Pontiac. M.C., 90th Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Miles, Grant M.</span>, Pontiac. 339th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Miller, Jno. S., Jr.</span>, Winnetka. 33d F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Miller, Thos.</span>, Chicago. 49th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Mock, Harry E.</span>, Chicago. Med. Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Mundt, Wm. C.</span>, Fairbury. Radio School.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">O'Connell, R.M.</span>, Bloomington. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Oppenheimer, J.</span>, Chicago. 333d F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Orr, Ponce B.</span>, Joliet. 1st Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Packwood, Lawrence</span>, Chicago. 521st M.T.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Paddock, Geo. A.</span>, Evanston. 342d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Parker, Howard K.</span>, Taylorville. 106th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Pesavento, A.J.</span>, Joliet. R.S. and C.O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Pietrzak, Michael</span>, Oglesby. A.S.A.P. 9th Dt.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Powell, Wm. J.</span>, Chicago. 365th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Reed, F.N.</span>, Evanston. 10th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Reeder, Russel</span>, Canton, 1st Co. C.A.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Rhodes, Ben. S.</span>, Bloomington. 345th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Rominger, W.E.</span>, Shelbyville. 14th M.G.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Sayre, C.B.</span>, Canton. 326th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Seaman, Geo. G.</span>, Taylorville. 17th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Searcy, Earl B.</span>, Springfield. 311th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Sedweak, C.E.</span>, Chicago. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Sexton, Grover F.</span>, Chicago. 108th Mil. Pol. Train.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Simons, J.E.</span>, Glen Ellyn. U.S.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Simpson, Sidney E.</span>, Carrollton. 164th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Skubic, Edw. P.</span>, Chicago. C.O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Spencer, R.V.</span>, Chicago. 160th D.B.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Sprague, A.A.</span>, Lake Forest. 341st Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Stello, Jno. H.</span>, McLeansboro. 115th M.G. Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Tapp, H.F.</span>, Quincy. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Walsh, Martin</span>, Chicago. 1st Repl. Reg.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Webber, R.W.</span>, Urbana. 210th Aero Sq.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Werckman, Jno. C.</span>, Minonk. 6th Repl. Reg.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Werner, R.L.</span>, Peoria. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wham, Chas.</span>, Centralia. F.A.C.O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Young, R.</span>, Joliet. 41st Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Zerwekh, Paul W.</span>, Alton. Aviation.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Indiana</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Asch, A.L.</span>, Indianapolis. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Brewer, Scott R.</span>, Indianapolis. Air Serv.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Buskirk, N.J.</span>, Bloomington. 111th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Caster, Solon J.</span>, Indianapolis, 150th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Clee, Robt. E.</span>, Kokimo. 69th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Davis, Paul Y.</span>, Bloomfield. 335th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Duddleston, A.C.</span>, Terre Haute, 151st Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hogan, H.G.</span>, Ft. Wayne. M.T.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Johnson, F.B.</span>, Indianapolis. Adv. Gen.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Levi, Morris R.</span>, Evansville. 42d and 32d Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lonn, A.E.</span>, Laporte. 167th Brg.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Mcdonald, T.M.</span>, Princeton. F.A. Repl. Tr.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Moorhead, R.L.</span>, Indianapolis. 139th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Newgent, L.R.</span>, Indianapolis. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Putt, Geo.</span>, Indianapolis. Motor Trans. Corp.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Reynolds, Jno. B.</span>, Indianapolis. Air Serv.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Royer, S.D.</span>, Terre Haute. 349th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Royze, Jno. A.</span>, Indianapolis. M.T.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Strodel, C.F.</span>, Huntington. Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Thomas, Mark H.</span>, Huntington. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Timko, Jos. J.</span>, Brazil.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Todd, Joe W.</span>, Hammond. Air Serv.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Umpleby, Jay A.</span>, Gary. 139th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Waltz, Ralph H.</span>, Noblesville. F.A.C.O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Watts, Albert H.</span>, E. Chicago, 139th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wilson, A.B.</span>, Indianapolis. 87th Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wolfe, C.P.</span>, Indianapolis. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Ziisel, Frank F.</span>, Elkhart. 159th D. Br.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Iowa</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Berger, P.F.</span>, Carroll. 163d Disch. Off.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Brookhart, S.W.</span>, Washington. Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Brookhart, T.L.</span>, Washington. M.T.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Cole, J.F.</span>, Oelwein. 161st Depot Brig.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Cook, Don C.</span>, Cedar Rapids. U.S.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Circe, Wm. L.</span>, Bloomfield. 1st Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Cronin, Edw. P.</span>, Victor. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Day, J.R.</span>, Council Bluffs, 19th Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Dewolf, M.E.</span>, Spencer, 5th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Doran, Lucien S.</span>, Beaver. 339th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Finch, Budd R.</span>, West Union. 126th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hahn, F.K.</span>, Cedar Rapids. 126th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Ham, Jos. P.</span>, Dubuque. 168th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Harker, Frank C.</span>, Ottumwa. 168th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hart, W.R.</span>, Iowa City, 305th B. Tank Corp.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hudson, Fred M.</span>, Pocahontas. 79th A.A. Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hungerford, Jno., Jr.</span>, Carroll. Air Serv.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Kelly, J.H.</span>, Sioux City, 99th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Kins, Will L.</span>, Hubbard. 159th Dept. Br.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lemley, H.D.</span>, Melrose. 109th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Macvicar, Jno.</span>, Des Moines. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Malcomb, Earl</span>, Laurens. 12th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Metzger, T.M.</span>, Council Bluffs. 168th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Neustrand, Oscar</span>, Red Oak. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Newell, Floyd</span>, Ottumwa. M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Pattee, L.C.</span>, Pocahontas. Sig. Corp.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Pease, Liberty</span>, Farragut. 168th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Plaister, R.M.</span>, Dubuque. 163d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Polk, Harry H.</span>, Des Moines. 176th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Pond, Alanson M.</span>, Dubuque. Med. Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Pusey, McGee</span>, Council Bluffs. 11th Bal. Co.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Schultz, E.R.</span>, Sioux City. Nav. Res. Fly. Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Shaw, Robt. J.</span>, Hayesville. 40th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Smith, R.A.</span>, Council Bluffs. 163d D.B.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Soper, B.M.</span>, Nevada. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Strotz, Roy R.</span>, Des Moines. 16th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Thomas, Lee A.</span>, Mondamin. 3d Con. Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Welch, C.J.</span>, Denison. 4th Repl. Reg. 16th Co. C.O.T.S.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Kansas</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Barclay, Jas. F.</span>, Kansas City, 110th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bly, Wm. D.</span>, Leavenworth. 365th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Branaman, H.A.</span>, Ottawa. 137th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Brickell, J.B.</span>, Emporia. Med. Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Burnett, R.H.</span>, Dodge City. Zone Sup. Of. N.Y.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Clausen, E.W.</span>, Atchison. U.S.N.A.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Cubbison, P.K.</span>, Kansas City. 354th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Eaton, L.R.</span>, Neodesha. 8th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Elias, C.R.</span>, La Crosse. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Farrar, Foss</span>, Arkansas City. I.C.O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Foulston, S.L.</span>, Wichita, 91st Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Grieves, Loren C.</span>, Ft. Leavenworth. G.S. Reg. A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hantla, Jno. P.</span>, Spearville. 137th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hasty, Lewis A.</span>, Wichita. 342d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Holden, Harley E.</span>, Neodesha. P.O. Dept.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Holloway, W.W.</span>, Kansas City. P.M.G.O.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Johnson, Paul R.</span>, Independence. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Kurtz, W.P.</span>, Columbus. 158th D.B.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lambert, I.E.</span>, Emporia. Air Serv.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lee, Thos. A.</span>, Topeka. 26th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Leekley, R.M.</span>, Arkansas City. 338th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Madden, Jno., Sr.</span>, Wichita. Air Serv.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Martin, Chas. I.</span>, Topeka. 70th Inf. Br.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Metcalf, W.S.</span>, Lawrence. 77th Brig.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Moss, Sidney A.</span>, Wichita. 125th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Musselman, N.B.</span>, Arkansas City. R.M.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">O'Reilly, H.C.</span>, Strong City. 164th Depot Br.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Ortmeyer, H.A.</span>, Wichita. 326th M.G. Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Pharen, W.A.</span>, Wichita. 360th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Snyder, Harry E.</span>, Council Grove. Med. Det.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Sparks, Keith L.</span>, Greensburg. Med. Dep.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Stanford, F.C.</span>, Independence. A.S.S.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Walker, H. Jos.</span>, La Crosse. 418th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Weed, M.S.</span>, Lawrence. 137th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Williams, Jno. W.</span>, Ottawa. Air Serv.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Woods, Jas. A.</span>, Arkansas City. 101st Fld. Sig. B.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Woodside, L.N.</span>, Council Grove. 13th Cav.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Kentucky</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Beard, B.F.</span>, Hardensburg. 138th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bell, Ulric J.</span>, Louisville. Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bernheim, Fr. D.</span>, Louisville. 159th D.B.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bronaugh, Robt. L.</span>, Nicholasville. 164th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Evans, Lynn B.</span>, Lebanon. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Ewall, Geo. R.</span>, Louisville. 159th D.B.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Fischer, A.T.</span>, Louisville. A.S.R.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Fraser, V.C.</span>, Wickliffe. 6th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Gordon, M.K.</span>, Madisonville. I.G.D.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hall, Herman H.</span>, Viper. 327th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hill, J. Murray</span>, Bowling Green. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Juett, J.G.</span>, Wickliffe. 18th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Marriner, E.H.</span>, Dayton. 131st Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Moorman, H.D.</span>, Hardinsburg. 10th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Muir, Edmund A.</span>, Nicholsville. 22d Ret. Co. G.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Ringgold, J.H., Jr.</span>, Russellville. Air Sq. 260.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Sachs, D.A., Jr.</span>, Louisville. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Slack, R.H.</span>, Owensboro. 1st O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Sosnin, M.L.</span>, Louisville. Base Hosp. Camp Crane, Luxemberg, Fr.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Soyars, Wm. O.</span>, Hopkinsville. U.S.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Stewart, Phil. H.</span>, Paducah. M.R.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wheeler, Jas. G.</span>, Paducah. 159th D.B.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Young, Jno. S.</span>, Glasgow. Med. Corps.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Louisiana</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Beard, L.P.</span>, New Orleans. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Blancand, Gus</span>, New Orleans. Co. 10.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Coon, Wm. A.</span>, New Orleans. 73d F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Davis, Edw.</span>, New Orleans, 1st Reg. F.A.R.D.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Ginella</span>, Louis, New Orleans. M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Michel, F. Ralph</span>, New Orleans. 46th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Moore, Levering</span>, New Orleans. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Owen, Allison</span>, New Orleans. 141st F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Pratt, Geo. H.H.</span>, New Orleans. Air Serv.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Stem, C.H.</span>, New Orleans. 2d Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Weinmann, R.J.</span>, New Orleans, 151st F.A.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Maine</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Adams, W.P.</span>, Portland. 54th Ar. C.A.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Boyle, Jas. L.</span>, Augusta, 101st San. Tr.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Greene, Roger A.</span>, Lewiston. 101st Trench Mort. Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Greenlaw, Albert</span>, Eastport. Hdq. 26th Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Haines, Roy C.</span>, Ellsworth. 334th Tank Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Humer, Frank M.</span>, Houlton. 103d U.S. Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Milliken, Carl E.</span>, Augusta.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Norton, W.P.</span>, Portland. 72d Art. C.A.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Presson, Geo. Mcg.</span>, Augusta. Adj. Gen.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Robinson, A.L.</span>, Portland. 7th A.A. Bn.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Maryland</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">French, Findlay H.</span>, Baltimore. S.O. Camp, Greenleaf, Ga.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Good, Stuart S.</span>, Baltimore. 110th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Huster, Wm. A.</span>, Cumberland. 113th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Johnson, Willard J.</span>, Baltimore. 351st F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Knapp, Raleigh T.</span>, Baltimore, 110th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Randall, A.</span>, Baltimore. 110th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Scaffe, Harold</span>, Baltimore. 14th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Solomon, Adolph C.</span>, Baltimore. U.S.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Stewart, Davis G.</span>, Baltimore. 351st F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Tieman, George H.</span>, Baltimore. Air Service.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wilmer, William B.</span>, Baltimore. Tank Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Young, Frank A.</span>, Cumberland, 115th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Young, Harvey W.</span>, Baltimore. 351st F.A.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Massachusetts</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Bacon, G.G.</span>, Jamaica Plains. 316th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Baldwin, H.L.</span>, Malden.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Burt, C.E.</span>, New Bedford. 121st F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Cleary, Jas. P.</span>, Boston. Personnel Off. Camp Upton.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Cutler, Geo. C., Jr.</span>, Boston. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Dalton, Edward P.</span>, Boston. A.G.D.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Dolan, W.H.</span>, Fitchburg. 26th Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Foy, F.H.</span>, Quincy. 82d Div. Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Frothingham, L.A.</span>, N. Easton. Adj. Gen.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Germain, Chas. F.</span>, Wollaston. 234th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Gilbody, Geo. F.</span>, Boston.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Green, Donald R.</span>, Holyoke. 28th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Herbert, J.P.J.</span>, Worcester. 102d F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Howard, W.J.</span>, Whitman. 113th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Jackson, L.P.</span>, Athol. 74th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Madden, Marcus E.</span>, 64 N. Beacon St., 71 Art. C.A.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Maniff, Harry</span>, Revere. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Marley, Thos. J.</span>, E. Boston. 104th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">McGrath, Jas. P.</span>, Roslindale. Hdq. 26th Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">McInnis, Victor A.</span>, Roxbury. 301st Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Moynihan, Neil P.</span>, Haverhill. C.O.T.S., Camp Lee, Va.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Nolan, David J.</span>, Worcester. 52d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">O'Rourke, Jno. J.</span>, Lowell, 101st Sup. Tr.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Page, Kenneth B.</span>, Longmeadow. 104th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Peabody, J.C.R.</span>, Boston. Asst. to Dept. Insp., N.E. Dept. I.G. 5th Div. A.E.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Pryor, J.H.</span>, West Newton 372d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Rosenfeld, Jay C.</span>, Pittsfield. 359th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Safford, Ralph K.</span>, Springfield. 104th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Scott, H.J.</span>, Roxbury. 26th Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Shinnick, Wm. T.</span>, Brockton. 55th Reg. C.A.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Spillane, Leo A.</span>, Chelsea. Hdq. N.E. Dept.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Stewart, H.J.</span>, Camp Devens. 36th Mis. Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Strandquist, H.W.</span>, Newton. 102d M.G.Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Thomas, H.C.</span>, Allston. 101st Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wheelock, H.H.</span>, Fitchburg. 101st Sup. Tr.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Williams, Harry R.</span>, Boston. 101st Am. Tr.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Michigan</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Alger, Frederick M.</span>, Detroit. 310th Amun. Tr.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Allen, Carlos R.</span>, Detroit. 125th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Baldwin, Paul R.</span>, Manistique. Air Service.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bellows, Benj. B.</span>, Highland Park. Ordnance.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bersey, John S.</span>, Lansing. Adjt. Gen., Michigan.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bowden, Isaac</span>, Port Huron. Base Hosp. No. 73.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Brink, Howard C.</span>, Grand Rapids. 126th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Burgess, Frank</span>, Grand Rapids. 126th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Christie, J.T.C.</span>, U.S.A. Gen. Hop., No. 36, Detroit. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Conway, Bertram</span>, 33 Cardoma St., Detroit. 367th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Doyle, A.G.</span>, Grand Rapids. 126th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">English, Rand P.</span>, Detroit. 125th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Evans, Lynn B.</span>, University Club, Detroit. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Fehrenbocher, Chriss</span>, 271 Harrison St., Gary, Ind. 10th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Gildersleeve, Howard</span>, Grand Rapids. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Gilleo, Avery C.</span>, Grand Rapids. 126th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Guelff, John J.</span>, Marquette. 328th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hall, William D.</span>, Kalamazoo. 126th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hansen, Myron J.</span>, Laurium. S.A.T.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Harris, H.H.</span>, Detroit. A.S.S.C. Aviation Training.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Henry, D.D.</span>, Grand Rapids. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hullfish, Henry G.</span>, Washington, D.C. Medical Dept.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Kelley, Charles D.</span>, West Detroit. 32d Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Kesl, G.M.</span>, Port Huron. M.D.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Kilmer, Edward H.</span>, Grand Rapids. 10th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">King, William</span>, Detroit. 125th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Larson, Werner R.</span>, Ironwood. Sanitary Squad No. 58.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lawson, Otto Emil C.Y.</span>, Detroit. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lockhart, Arthur</span>, Grand Rapids. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Maines, George H.</span>, Battle Creek. 338th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">McKee, Mark T.</span>, Mt. Clemens. Chemical Warfare.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">McMahan, F.V.</span>, 322 E. Grand Blvd., Detroit. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Moerisch, E.L.</span>, Escanaba. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Nickel, P.W.</span>, Grand Rapids. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Norton, Albert H.</span>, Detroit. 125th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">O'Brien, Thomas</span>, Grand Rapids. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">O'Dell, H.A.</span>, Detroit. Hdg. Chief Engr.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Quasigroch, Lee J.</span>, Highland Park, Ill., Camp Custer.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Smith, George L.</span>, Detroit. 4th Tex. Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Tabor, Lyle D.</span>, Detroit. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Tarpestra, George</span>, Grand Rapids. 154th Aero Squad.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Taylor, W.J.</span>, Port Huron. Hdq. Det. 14th Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Tobin, Frank J.</span>, Jackson. 126th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Veldmar, Edwin</span>, Grand Rapids. 26th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Weir, Orville H.</span>, Detroit. 125th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wilkin, H.H.</span>, Detroit. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Young, Jay P.</span>, 706 Easterly Ave., 125th Inf.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Minnesota</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Ahern, Jno. J.</span>, St. Paul. 88th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Anderson, S.E.</span>, Ruthton. 351st Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Baldwin, C.H.</span>, Redwood Falls. 87th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Caldwell, Jno. C.</span>, Albert Lea. 127th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Chapin, Geo. S.</span>, St. Paul. 167th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Clark, Gordon M.</span>, Duluth. 125th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Clipper, Geo. A.</span>, St. Paul. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Cook, Paul B.</span>, Lowrny Blg., St. Paul. Med. Corp.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Eaton, M.E.</span>, Minneapolis. 309th Fld. Sig. Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Fowler, F.J.</span>, St. Paul. Camp McArthur.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Fuller, Harrison</span>, St. Paul. 163d F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hall, Levi M.</span>, Minneapolis. 124th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Henderson, R.L.</span>, Minneapolis. C.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">King, S.W.</span>, Austin. Motor Mechanic.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lewis, H.B.</span>, Minneapolis. Dunwoody Tr. Det.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lowther, Geo.</span>, Minneapolis. Sig. Corp.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Macmichael, P.R.</span>, 119 N. 4th St., Minneapolis. I.C.O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Magnusson, C.W.</span>, Hibbing. 85th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">McCarthy, E.D.</span>, St. Paul. 313th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Nelson, A.M.</span>, Fairmont. 68th Inf. Br.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Nelson, Roy</span>, Minneapolis. M.G.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Nolan, M.C.</span>, Grand Meadow. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Page, Ralph W.</span>, Minneapolis. 303d Cav.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Parks, Jno. J.</span>, St. Paul. 101 Aero Squad.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Partridge, C.A.</span>, Owatonna. 332d M.G. Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Roberts, Loren B.</span>, Little Falls. 187 Aero Sq., A.E.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Rogers, M.J.</span>, St. Paul. 74th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Schaub, H.W.</span>, St. Paul. 65th Pioneer Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Smith, S.S.</span>, Worthington. 164th D. Brig.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Stromgren, E.</span>, Center City. Motor Amb. Sup. Dep. Louisville.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Sturtz, Wm. P.</span>, Albert Lea. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Tomelty, Jas. C.</span>, Little Falls. 337th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Ustruck, W.J.</span>, Montevideo. 346th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Vancma, Geo.</span>, Lakefield. 151st Aero Sq.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Varner, C.L.</span>, St. Cloud. Naval Aviation.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Veit, Con.</span>, 3733 Pleasant Ave., Minneapolis. 70th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Warner, Lee F.</span>, St. Paul. Chem. Warfare.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Williams, W.A.</span>, 621 Byron St., Mankato. 2d Eng.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Mississippi</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Adams, Wm. T., Jr.</span>, Corinth, 115th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Alexander, Jno. M.</span>, Jackson. San. Corp.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Burnett, Robt.</span>, Vicksburg. 334th M.G. Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Chambers, Paul</span>, Jackson. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Clark, Arthur B.</span>, Indianola. 79th Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Dalbey, Chas. R.</span>, Jackson, 115th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Dunn, Arthur Jno.</span>, Vicksburg. 162d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Fitzhugh, Alex.</span>, 1403 Baum St., Vicksburg. Comp Q.M., Camp Hancock, Ga.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Fleming, Jas. S., Jr.</span>, Natchez. 52d Ammun. Tr.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hoskins, Geo. C.</span>, Brookhaven. 162d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Sullens, Frederick</span>, Jackson. Mil. Intell. Div. Gen. Staff.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Whiting, Jno. S., Jr.</span>, Farrell. 24th Co. C.O.T.S.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Missouri</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Albert, Wilfred G.</span>, St. Louis. 57th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Alexander, F.</span>, St. Louis. 49th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Allen, C.P.</span>, Trenton. Field Ord.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Barco, A.U.</span>, St. Louis. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bennett, J.M.</span>, Neosho. S.M.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bernard, J.A.</span>, St. Louis. 45th U.S. Inf. Medical Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bradbury, H.C.</span>, Jefferson City. U.S.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bruggere, W.H.</span>, St. Louis. 342d F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Cambell, C.W.</span>, Sedalia. 314th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Carter, A.</span>, Meadville. 18th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Clark, Bennett</span>, Bowling Green. 88th Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Clarke, Harvey C.</span>, Jefferson City. 35th Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Cronkite, D.W.</span>, St. Joseph. Naval Aviation.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Dallmeyer, Phil. A.</span>, Jefferson City. I.C.O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Daly, Richard L.</span>, St. Louis. 12th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Dickson, J.T.</span>, Warrensburg. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Dimmitt, C.P.</span>, St. Louis. Hosp. Guard.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Egger, E.R.</span>, St. Louis. 6th Reg. F.A.R.D.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Field, Andrew</span>, Macon. 160th D.B.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Foster, Dick B.</span>, Kansas City. 10th Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Fullerton, Rob.</span>, Louis, 111. 5th Mo. Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Garrett, Ruby D.</span>, Kansas City. Signal Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Good, H.G.</span>, Carthage. 116th Engrs.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Gray, L.H.</span>, Carthage. 6th M.G.B. Marines.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Green, Fredk. Wm.</span>, St. Louis. 12th Engrs.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Grimsley, Clyde I.</span>, Salina. 16th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hagner, A.R.</span>, Hagerstown. Casual Air Serv.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Haw, U.P.</span>, Benton. 90th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Holcomb, H.W.</span>, Moberly. Q.M.C.S.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hubbard, Douglas, G.</span>, Versailles. 346th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Huston, G.C.</span>, Troy. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hyde, L.M.</span>, Princeton. 338th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Johnston, Gale</span>, Mexico. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Johnston, W.O.</span>, St. Louis. Bat. No. 60 Arty. C.A.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Kealy, Philip J.</span>, Kansas City. 138th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Klemm, K.D.</span>, Kansas City. 106th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Krechel, Henry</span>, Floissant. 128th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lafayette, D. Lytle</span>, St. Louis. 332d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Layton, Chas. O.</span>, St. Louis. Naval Veteran Assn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Leach, Merton H.</span>, Jefferson Barracks. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lonergan, Wm. J.</span>, St. Louis. 138th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lozier, Lue C.</span>, Carrollton. 164th D.B.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">McKinley, C.A.</span>, Clinton. 60th Pioneer Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Monovill, Harold P.</span>, St. Louis. Naval Overseas Trans. Serv.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Montgomery, P.S.</span>, St. Louis. 312th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Nee, Dan M.</span>, Springfield. O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Neville, J.H.</span>, Springfield. 41st Arty.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Raupp, William</span>, Pierce City. 2d Pioneer Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Razoosky, Julius</span>, St. Louis. Aero. Phot.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Robinette, P.J.</span>, Hartville. U.S.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Rogers, George</span>, Missouri Ath. Assn. A.S. 133d Det.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Rosemann, Henry</span>, St. Louis. Tank Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Royal, Thomas V.</span>, St. Louis.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Schields, Geo.</span>, St. Louis. Adj. Gen. Dept.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Tucker, Paul</span>, Lamar. 112th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wanchtes, Geo.</span>, St. Louis.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Watkins, Charles</span>, St. Louis. Fort Sheridan.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wheless, Joseph</span>, St. Louis. Judge Adv.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">White, J.M.</span>, St. Louis. Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Woods, Joe</span>, St. Louis. 354th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Yount, M.P.</span>, Ironton. 3d O.T.L.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Montana</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Almon, Worth C.</span>, Helena. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Barnett, Ben W.</span>, Helena. 163d D.B.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Barry, Arthur N.</span>, Billings. A.S. Dept.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Blomquist, H.L.</span>, Great Falls.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">McCallum, D.S.</span>, Helena. 163d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Pew, Chas. E.</span>, Helena. 44th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Sheridan, Chas. L.</span>, Bozeman. 49th Inf.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Nebraska</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Coad, Ralph G.</span>, Omaha. A.S.M.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Fischer, Frank P.</span>, Scotts Bluff. 164th D.B.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Fitzsimmons, L.L.</span>, Fremont. M.O.T.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Gilligan, Geo W.</span>, Lincoln. 41st Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Goodrich, E.S.</span>, Fairbury. 305th Tank Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Holdeman, Geo. H.</span>, York. 125th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Howard, Bert</span>, Tecumseh. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Kearney, Orlando H.</span>, Morrill. 13th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">McDermott, Ed. P.</span>, Kearney. C.M.G.O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">McGuire, L.J.</span>, Omaha. 3d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Madden, Ray J.</span>, Omaha, U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Maher, John G.</span>, Lincoln. Chief Disb. Officer, Paris.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Mersinger, Leon</span>, Plattsmouth. 222d Field Signal Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Rademacher, R.A.</span>, York. Unassigned.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Ritchie, Wm., Jr.</span>, Omaha. 69th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Robertson, Hugh C.</span>, Omaha. 356 San. Det.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Stirch, J.A.</span>, Lincoln, 350th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Stryker, Hird</span>, Omaha. 338th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Stuart, A.L.</span>, Fremont. 428 Eng., 109 Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Tukey, Allan A.</span>, Omaha. 26th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Vanness, Clarence</span>, Stanton. A.S.S.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Webb, Robert J.</span>, Omaha. 164th Depot Brig.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Nevada</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Malsbary, E.L.</span>, Reno. 218th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Salter, J.D.</span>, Winnemucca. 2d Co., 3d Bn. I.C.O.T.S.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">New Hampshire</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Abbott, F.J.</span>, Manchester. 103d F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Deschems, Homar J.</span>, East Jaffey. Motor Supply Train.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Fiske, George V.</span>, Manchester. 75th Div. San. Tr.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Heureux, L'Herve</span>, Manchester. 103d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hogan, Walter J.</span>, Manchester. 103d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Knox, Frank</span>, Manchester. 303d Amm. Tr.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Maher, Charles F.</span>, 612 Main St., Laconia.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Mahoney, Matthew J.</span>, Manchester. 103d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Murphy, Wm.</span>, 49 Alfred St., 103d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Santor, John</span>, Manchester. 104th F.H.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Sullivan, Wm. E.</span>, Nashua, 102d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Trufant, Arthur</span>, Hudson. 103d Inf.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">New Jersey</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Besson, Harlan</span>, Hoboken. 5th A.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Brady, Charles S.</span>, Weehawken. 322d Sanitary Train.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bromley, Herbert L.</span>, 127 Clinton Ave., Clifton. Camp Hdq., Camp Dix.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Cangemi, Angelo</span>, Newark. U.S. Nitrate Plant, No. 1.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Debevoise, Paul</span>, Elizabeth. 312th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Eggers, Alan L.</span>, Summit. 107th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Ehrhardt, Philip</span>, Jersey City, 111th M.G. Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">McGrath, Edward A.</span>, Elizabeth. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Mullik, D.B.</span>, Leonia. Eng. M.P.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Pancoast, John M.</span>, Hancock's Bridge. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Ritter, Ralph F.</span>, Rahway. Staff, Ft. Hancock.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Schenck, R.P.</span>, Jersey City. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Stratton, Gervas</span>, Vineland. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Tischbeck, John D</span>., Newark. 112th H.F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Tobin, Ed. A.</span>, 27 Broadway, Camden. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Weed, Newell P.</span>, 65 Union, Montclair. 344th Ban. Tank Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wescoat, Absalom S.</span>, Atlantic City. M.C.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">New Mexico</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Baca, Herman G.</span>, Belen. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Baca, Jesus M.</span>, Santa Fe. 115th Pv. Hq.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Blevins, Donald L.</span>, Las Vegas. 82d F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Cutting, B.M.</span>, Santa Fe. Mil. Attaché, London.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Dillard, H. Wyatt</span>, Roswell. 358th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Doldwell, C.S.</span>, Albuquerque. Inf. (?)</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Flamm, Roy H.</span>, Alamogorda. 18th Eng. R.T.C. French Army.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Humphreys, Fred. B.</span>, Dayton. U.S.N.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">New York</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Allen, Freeman C.</span>, Rochester. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Baldwin, Frederic W.</span>, Brooklyn. 308th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Ball, Grosvenor Lowrey</span>, Lawrence. 306th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Barnhill, George B.</span>, New York. 820th Aero Squad.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Barrett, Walter N.</span>, Saratoga Springs. U.S.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Baruck, S.L.</span>, New York. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Beers, W.H.</span>, New York. 601st Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Berry, Charles W.</span>, Brooklyn. 106th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Black, John</span>, Brooklyn. Stars and Stripes Gen. Staff.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bodamer, Harold L.</span>, Buffalo. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Boeckel, Fred. W.</span>, Buffalo. 106th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Booth, Robert C.</span>, Plattsburg. 303d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Boyce, A.L.</span>, New York. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bradley, Goodyear</span>, Buffalo. 106th Regt.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bunn, Earle D.</span>, Newburgh. Train, and Unassign. Duty.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Burrill, Louis D.</span>, Syracuse. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Butler, William E.</span>, Brooklyn. Ambulance Service.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Church, Elihu C.</span>, New York. 117th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Compton, Geo. B.</span>, New York. 153d Depot Bri. F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Conway, Thomas J.</span>, Ithaca. U.S. Marines.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Cooke, James P.</span>, New York. 106th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Cosby, Arthur P.</span>, New York. A.G.O.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Daggett, Geo. F.</span>, Brooklyn. Military Intell. Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Davies, Julien L.</span>, New York. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Dean, Clark M.</span>, New York. 107th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Declucq, Floyd L.</span>, Cortland. 108th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Decoursey, Fales</span>, New York. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Derby, Richard</span>, New York. 2d Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Deyo, Harrison</span>, Yonkers. S.A.T.C. Columbia Univ.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Draper, Wm. H.</span>, New York. Co. 2, N.Y. Reg.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Duell, Charles H.</span>, New York. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Eckert, J.A.</span>, New York. 105th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Engel, Nicholas</span>, New York. 107th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Finelite, A.C.</span>, New York. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Fish, Hamilton, Jr.</span>, New York. 369th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Floyd, Chas. H.</span>, New York. 107th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Fox, E.E.</span>, 58 W. 47th St., New York.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Frank, Eugene</span>, New York. E.O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Gallagher, F.T.C.</span>, Oswego. 108th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Goerke, James P.</span>, Brooklyn. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hayes, Wade H.</span>, New York. 27th Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Healy, Jos. P.</span>, New York. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Helwig, A.L.</span>, 517 New York Eng. Corp.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hudson, Donald</span>, New York. 27th Aero Squadron.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hunt, Clyde R.</span>, Woodhaven. 7th Bt. Hdqrs.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Ingram, Lee</span>, Gloversville. 105th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Jay, Delancey K.</span>, Westbury. 307th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Jennings, Allen D.</span>, Brooklyn. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Kincaid, J. Leslie</span>, Syracuse. 27th Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Kitchel, Lloyd</span>, Bronxville. 12th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Knob, Frederick J.</span>, New York. U.S.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Krumm, Edward Delos</span>, Rome. 10th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lyons, William M.</span>, Brooklyn. 114th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">McAdoo, William Gibbs, Jr.</span>, New York. U.S.N. Air Service.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">McAlpin, Milo F.</span>, New York. 37th Art.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">McIlvaine, Tompkins</span>, New York. Intell. Service.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">McKlaine, Osceala E.</span>, New York. 367th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Marsh, Robert M.C.</span>, New York. 351st F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Mela, Harry F.</span>, New York. 152d Depot Bdg.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Miller, Lawrence</span>, New York, 305th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Mosle, C. Fred.</span>, New York. 33d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Mullin, R. Jerome</span>, Brooklyn. 308th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Munske, Charles R.</span>, Brooklyn. 102d F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Nickerson, Hoffman</span>, New York. Ordnance.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Okerlind, Melin A.</span>, Jamestown. U.S.N.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Osborne, Fairfield</span>, New York. 351st F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Perry, Francis W.</span>, Brooklyn. 77th Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Press, Thomas C.</span>, Bronx. 105th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Putnam, G.P.</span>, New York. F.A.C.O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Rackoff, Irwin Ira</span>, New York. 152d Depot Brigade.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Reid, D. Lincoln</span>, New York. 369th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Ridder, Joseph E.</span>, New York. M.T.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Riffe, James</span>, Elmira. 108th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Robinson</span>, Fordham Road and Valentine Ave., New York. General Staff.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Robinson, Francis H.</span>, New York. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Roosevelt, Theodore</span>, New York. 20th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Schmidt, W.M.</span>, Pleasantville. 7th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Seligman, J.L.</span>, New York. 27th Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Smith, Powers C.</span>, Watertown. 307th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Smith, Thomas R.</span>, St. Louis. A.S.D.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Stone, Laue K.</span>, New York. 34th Aero Squadron.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Swift, Parton</span>, Buffalo, 151st F.A. Bri.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Taylor, H. Irv.</span>, New York. C.A.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Townson, K.C.</span>, Rochester. F.A.C.O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Van Buren, J.N.</span>, Dunkirk. Aviation.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wells, John</span>, New York. 105th U.S. Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wheat, Geo. S.</span>, New York. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wickersham, C.W.</span>, New York. 27th Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wiseman, Mark H.</span>, New York. 7th Regt.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wood, Eric P.</span>, New York. 83d Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wright, W.T.</span>, New York. 105th F.A.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">North Dakota</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Baker, Julius R.</span>, Fargo. 6th Corps M.P. Co.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Fraser, G.A.</span>, Bismarck. Inf. P.M.G.O.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Gorman, Arthur</span>, Fargo. 26th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hanley, J.M.</span>, Mandan. 148th M.G. Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Merry, Lyall B.</span>, W. Dickinson. 116th Supply Train.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Semling, H.V.</span>, Bismarck. 116th Tr. Hdqrs.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Stern, William</span>, Fargo. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Treacy, Robt. H.</span>, Bismarck. 339th Inf. 160th Depot Brigade.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Williams, J.P.</span>, No. Fargo. 3d Eng.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Ohio</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Babcock, Vearne C.</span>, Elyria. U.S. Naval Aviation.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bettman, Gilbert</span>, 1114 Union Trust Bldg., Military Intell. Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bimm, Harry L.</span>, Dayton. Air Service.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Black, Robert L.</span>, Cincinnati. 37th Div. Military Intell.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bruml, Maurice W.</span>, Cleveland. Air Serv.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bush, H.M.</span>, Briggsdale. 134th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Campbell, L.J.</span>, Youngstown. 309th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Cobe, Ralph D.</span>, Findlay. 145th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Conklin, Wm. H.</span>, Columbus. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Fess, Thomas L.</span>, Yellow Springs. 394th M.G. Bri.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Funm, Norbert E.</span>, Sandusky. 147th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Gerlack, F.C.</span>, Wooster. 146th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hall, Joseph L.</span>, Cincinnati, 5th Corps Artillery.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hard, Dudley J.</span>, Cleveland. 135th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Horrell, Olney W.</span>, Dayton. 134th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Huston, C.H.</span>, Mansfield, 112th Am. Train.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">King, E.L.</span>, Dayton. Air Service.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Kline, John H.</span>, Dayton. 62d F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Koons, Jack F.</span>, Cincinnati. 148th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lea, Andrew B.</span>, Cleveland. 112th Engrs.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Macdougal, Harry O.</span>, Akron. Ordn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Mcgill, Don. R.</span>, Nelsonville. 308th Tr. M. Btry.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Murray, Chas. J.</span>, Elyria. 42d Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Nicklett, A.P.</span>, Toledo. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Perry, George W.</span>, Youngstown. 1st Army, A.E.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Phillips, Thomas A.</span>, Dayton. 812th Pio. Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Priddy, John E.</span>, Findlay. F.A.C.O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Ramsey, Andrew M.</span>, Cincinnati. 26th Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Segal, Ben M.</span>, Cleveland. 135th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Sonsley, Harry J.</span>, Ada. 62d F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Turner, Cyril B.</span>, Columbus. 308th T.M. Btry.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wilson, Chalmers, R.</span>, Columbus, 112th Field Sig. Bn.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Oklahoma</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Adkins, E.S.</span>, Muskogee. Hdq. 42d Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Berry, Ralph H.</span>, Tulsa. 173d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Burling, Wm. T.</span>, Sapulpa. I.C.O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Butts, R.B.</span>, Muskogee. 162d D.B.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Chase, Val D.</span>, Alva. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Fischer, F.W.</span>, Oklahoma City. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Fox, Philip A.</span>, Tulsa. 23d Engrs.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Gingerich, H.A.</span>, Okmulgee. 358th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Haugherty, Hugh</span>, Enid. E.J.B.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hagan, Horace H.</span>, Tulsa. C.A.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hoffman, Roy</span>, Oklahoma City. 93d Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Keenan, Rob. B.</span>, Sapulpa. 308th Aero Squad.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">McNally, Earl</span>, Okemah. 111th Amm. Train.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Meyer, Howard W.</span>, U.S.S. Bank Bldg., U.S. Slipping Bd.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Niles, Alva J.</span>, Tulsa. 7th Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Norwood, Frank H.</span>, Prague. Ft. Riley.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Sams, Vernett E.</span>, Wewoka. 49th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Shea, Thomas J.</span>, Buffalo, N.Y. 56th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Taylor, Max A.</span>, Pryor. 330th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Thompson, N.A.</span>, 111 E. Latimer St., Tulsa. 57th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Tully, B.L.</span>, 83d F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Viuer, Wm.</span>, Tulsa. S.O.T.S.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Oregon</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Critchlow, Harry</span>, Portland. 363d Arab. Co.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Eivers, Edw. J.</span>, Portland. 162d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Follett, Will. B.</span>, Eugene. 69th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Grant, Roderick D.</span>, Portland. Air Service.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Leonard, Barge E.</span>, Portland. 63d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">May, John L.</span>, North Portland. 162d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Mullen, C.L.</span>, Portland. U.S. Marines.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Pargon, Joseph A.</span>, Portland. M.C.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Pennsylvania</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Aurand, Ammon M., Jr.</span>, Beaver Springs. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Beaman, Joseph W.</span>, Towanda. 140th Tank Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Becker, H.M.</span>, Pittsburgh. (?)</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Biddle, Charles J.</span>, Philadelphia. Air Serv.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Blank, Harry C.</span>, Allentown. C.O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bodin, F.S.</span>, Wellsboro. B.E.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Buck, Howard</span>, Philadelphia. 96 Aero Sq.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Buettner, C.A.</span>, Johnstown. Amb. Co.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Collins, J.</span>, East Pittsburgh. 371 Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Davis, Shanley</span>, Pottsville. Aviation.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Dearlove, Chas.</span>, Philadelphia. 109th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Detrich, A.</span>, Philadelphia. School for A.R. & M.O.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Dixon, F.E.</span>, Elkins Park. 318th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Dobson, W.F.</span>, 284 N. Main St., Wilkes-Barre. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">D'Olier, Franklin</span>, Philadelphia. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Dunkle, Ray</span>, Dry Runn. 4th D.B.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Dunn, Stewart</span>, Pittsburgh. 83d F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Egloff, John</span>, East Pittsburgh. 8th Trench Mort. Bat.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Fischer, Andrew</span>, Johnstown. 7th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Flood, Frank</span>, Pittsburgh. Chem. War. Service.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Forester, I.G.</span>, Philadelphia. 46th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Foster, David</span>, Carnegie, 305th Field Sig. Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Geary, John W.</span>, Philadelphia. M.I.D.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Gentzel, Paul</span>, Bellefonte. 314th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Greer, John</span>, New York City. Nat. Cath. War Council.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hauth, M.L.</span>, Meadville. 29th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hecht, Carl C.</span>, c/o West Branch Knitting Co., U.S.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Herbine, A.P.</span>, Berwick. 314th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hill, Frederick</span>, Pittsburgh, 90th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hoeger, Adelbert</span>, 1508 Sheffield St., Pittsburgh. 209th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hoopes, E.S.</span>, East End Ave., Beaver. Casual Air Service.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hosack, George</span>, 1415 Park Blg., Pittsburgh, 111th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Houck, Byron</span>, Williamsport. 1st Reg. M.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hudoe, M.J.</span>, Uniontown. 306th Tank Corp.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hulings, Norman</span>, Oil City. 22d Aero Sq.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hunsicker, Stanley</span>, Collegeville. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Ivony, Leo</span>, East Pittsburgh. I.C.O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Johns, Alexander</span>, Monessen. 2d Eng. Tran. Regiment.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Johnson, J.E.</span>, West Chester. 301st Tank Train.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Johnson, Miller A.</span>, Lewisburg. 162d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Jones, Warrel</span>, Clearfield. 38th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Katz, Edward</span>, Honesdale. M.T.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Keller, Oliver</span>, Lancaster. Air Service.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Knox, Andrew</span>, Philadelphia. Med. Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Kresales, Kenneth</span>, Easton. U.S.A.A.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Krumbhaar, Edward</span>, Chestnut Hill. Base Hos. No. 10.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lamond, James</span>, Philadelphia. Avia. A.S.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Laughlin, Alex., Jr.</span>, Sewickley. 88th Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">McCall, Joseph</span>, Merion. 311th. F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">McRae, A.K.</span>, Pittsburgh. M.T.C.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Metz, Benj.</span>, Pittsburgh. 124th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Morganroth, C.K.</span>, Shamokin. 312th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Muench, William, Jr.</span>, Philadelphia. 606th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Newcomer, Robert</span>, Pittsburgh. 76th Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Nofer, Geo.</span>, 621 Belgrade St. 3d Div. Hdq.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">O'Donnel, James</span>, Philadelphia. 315th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Pearson, Alfred, Jr.</span>, Somerset. 6th E.T.R.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Pennel, Edred J.</span>, Norristown. 304th Ammun. Tr.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Penny, Jos. M.</span>, Philadelphia. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Phelps, L.M.</span>, Erie. 112th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Putlk, Lawhend</span>, Clearfield. Base Hosp. No. 4.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Reasa, Thomas</span>, Pottsville. 103d Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Rehr, Thomas</span>, Pottsville. 103d Eng. Co. C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Reifsender, Russell</span>, Pottstown. 182d Aero Sq.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Rick, Geo.</span>, Reading. 302 Guard and Fire Co.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Rigby, Howard</span>, Pittsburgh. O.T.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Samsel, Hugh</span>, Stroudsburg. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Saxe, Michael</span>, Philadelphia. 54th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Sembower, Guy</span>, Reading, 114th Ord. Co.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Shoeffer, Clinton</span>, Pottsville. 103d Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Simonson, E.G.</span>, Philadelphia. 490 Aero Sq.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Singer, Robert</span>, Stroudsburg. 109th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Smyth, William</span>, Philadelphia. Engrs. Adj. Gen. Dept.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Spangel, Lyell</span>, Williamsport. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Stevenson, Richard</span>, Chester. Handley Page Training Dept.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Tyler, George</span>, Philadelphia, 311th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Walsh, Joseph</span>, Pittsburgh. 4th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wear, Byron</span>, Hazleton. 146th Inf.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Philippine Islands</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Landon, Robert R.</span>, Manila. 111th Corps and 2d Army.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Rhode Island</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Angell, Carl H.</span>, Providence. F.A.C.O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Cantwell, Percey</span>, Providence. 351st P.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Eleoniskey, James</span>, Main Crompton. Sig. Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Johnston, Alexander</span>, Providence. C.A.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">McKannah, F.</span>, River Pt. Medical Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">San Soneitr, Jos.</span>, 4 Claremont Ave., 103d F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Sharkey, Walter</span>, Woonsocket. 151st D.B.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Shunney, Wm. P.</span>, Woonsocket. 103d P.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Sturges, Rush</span>, Providence. Ord.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Thurber, Fred B.</span>, c/o Tilden Thurber Co. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Weeder, R.B.</span>, Providence. 103d F.A.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">South Carolina</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Fulton, Robert</span>, Florence. 105th Supply Tr.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lachicotte, N.S.</span>, Florence. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Reed, Charles</span>, Charleston. 365th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Smyser, John</span>, Florence. Med. Corps.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">South Dakota</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Buell, William</span>, Rapid City. 335th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Dennison, John</span>, Vermillion. C.M.G.O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Doud, F.R.</span>, Mobridge. 13th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Johnson, T.R.</span>, Sioux Falls. 102d F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Maloney, Paul</span>, Aberdeen. 163d F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Pfeiffer, Joseph</span>, Rapid City. Ord.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Tennessee</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Anderson, Glenn</span>, Nashville. C.A.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Berry, Harry</span>, Hendersonville. 115th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bolling, W.E.</span>, Nashville. 114th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bowman, Chas.</span>, Nashville. 2d Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Brown, Barton</span>, Nashville. 114th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Buckner, Ed.</span>, Thompson's Station. 114th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Buford, Ned</span>, Nashville. Air Ser.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Cason, Wm.</span>, Nashville. 114th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Corson, Herbert</span>, Nashville. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Gleason, James</span>, Knoxville. 114th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Griffen, Eugene</span>, Nashville, 114th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hager, Richard</span>, Nashville, 115th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Handler, Walter C.</span>, Memphis. 55th P.A. Brig.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hayes, John</span>, Memphis. 114th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Kleine, Kenneth E.</span>, Memphis. Unassigned.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lason, William</span>, Nashville, 114th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lea, Luke</span>, Nashville. 114th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Mernt, Henry</span>, Jacksonville, 115th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Milligan, G.C.</span>, Chattanooga. 156th Dept. Brig.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Milliken</span>, Chattanooga. 81st Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Naive, W.W.</span>, Clarkville. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Oxe, Howard</span>, Nashville, 114th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Palmer, Ed.</span>, Nashville. 117th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Robertson, John</span>, Lebanon, 115th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Shadow, W.A.</span>, Winchester. Air Ser.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Spence, Carey</span>, Knoxville. 117th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Warning, Rome</span>, Memphis. 33d Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Watson, Lawrence</span>, Columbia. 114th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Winfry, Douglas</span>, Memphis.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Texas</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Allen, Arch C.</span>, Dallas. 132d F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bacon, Benjamin</span>, Wichita Falls. 360th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Beagley, John</span>, La Porte. Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Beavens, C.</span>, Houston. 357th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Birkhead, Claude</span>, San Antonio, 131st F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Boon, S.P.</span>, Brady, 111th Sup. Train.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bradley, Rolland</span>, Houston. 132d F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Carrel, Alfred</span>, Austin. Air Ser.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Cohn, E.M.</span>, Dallas. U.S.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Foy, Hugh</span>, Dallas. Army Tran. Service.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Gaines, J.P.</span>, Bay City. 26th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Grubbs, Roscoe</span>, Paris, 5th M.G. Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Hoover, John</span>, Houston. 143d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Jackson, W.E.</span>, Hillboro. 141st Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Johnson, W.W.</span>, Galveston. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">King, John L.</span>, Ft. Worth, 111th Am. Train.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Langdon, Russell</span>, Houston. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lindsley, Henry</span>, Dallas. Gen. Staff.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Nicholson, Le Roy</span>, Ballinger. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Smith, C.</span>, Galveston. Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Tips, Chas.</span>, Three Rivers, 90th Div. Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Vameson, Rou A.</span>, Marlin. 143d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Young, John</span>, Austin. C.A.C.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Utah</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Douglas, Royal</span>, Ogden. 81st Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Jurgensen, Fred</span>, Salt Lake City. Gen.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Kundson, J.C.</span>, Brigham City. 326th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">McCarty, Ray</span>, Salt Lake City. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Meehan, Leo</span>, Salt Lake City. U.S.N.F.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Parsons, C.</span>, Salt Lake City. Sant. Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Rhivers, Donald</span>, Ogden. 18th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Robertson, Baldwin</span>, Salt Lake City. 362d Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Seely, L.J.</span>, Mt. Pleasant. 814th Aero Sq.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Smoot, H.R.</span>, Salt Lake City. P.S.&T.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wooley, Jas.</span>, Salt Lake City. U.S.M.C.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Vermont</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Fountain, Joseph Harry</span>, Burlington. 101st Am. Tr.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Nason, Leonard</span>, Norwich University. 76th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Varnum, Guy</span>, Barre. Ordnance.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Virginia</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Cocke, Francis</span>, Roanoke. 217th Aero Sq.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Isaid, James</span>, Roanoke. 117th T.H. & M.P.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Nei, D.D.</span>, Norfolk. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Pallard, C.</span>, Richmond. 30th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Pool, George</span>, Norfolk, 111th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Stuart, Wm. A.</span>, Big Stone Gap. 44th Art. Brig.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Thompson, John</span>, Petersburg. 248th Aero Sq.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Trotter, Wm.</span>, Petersburg. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wallace, R.R.</span>, Hampton. 11th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Wicker, John</span>, Richmond. 499th Aero Sq.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Washington</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Fein, Fred</span>, 1131 Pleasant St. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Gordon, R.S.</span>, Spokane. 54th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Johnson, Albert</span>, Aberdeen. M.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">McDonald, C.B.</span>, Camp Lewis, Signal Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Moss, Harvey</span>, Seattle. I.G.D.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Redinger, Fred</span>, Aberdeen. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Sapp, C.S.</span>, Seattle. Ord.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Shaw, Frederick</span>, Tacoma. C.A.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Simenton, Russ</span>, Seattle. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Sullivan, John</span>, Seattle. M.I.B.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Thompson, L.L.</span>, Olympia. U.S.N.R.F.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">West Virginia</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Alderson, Fleming</span>, Charleston. A.G.O.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Arnold, Jackson</span>, Weston. 150th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bond, John</span>, 317 Michigan Ave. Gen. Staff 38th Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Crockett, Joseph</span>, Welch. 315th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Davis, Richard</span>, Morgantown. A.S.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Ferguson, G.E.</span>, Charleston. 365th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Godfrey, M.V.</span>, Charleston. Med. Corps.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Jackson, Joseph</span>, Charleston. 365th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Jones, Clarence</span>, Hinton. 8th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">McCamic, Charles</span>, Wheeling. Ordn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Reass, Jos. H.</span>, Wheeling. Q.M.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Shaw, Houston Geo.</span>, Wheeling. R.I.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Simmons, W.J.</span>, Hinton. 40th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Solins, Samuel</span>, Welch. M.C.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Wisconsin</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Ackley, James</span>, 417 Marston Ave., 168th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Bellis, Newman</span>, Wausau. 18th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Chybowski, M.A.</span>, Milwaukee. M.O.T.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Clarke, Robert H.</span>, La Crosse. Development Bn.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Clow, Wm. K.</span>, Milwaukee. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Crosby, H.S.</span>, Rhinelander.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Cunningham, Rob.</span>, Janesville. Chemical Warfare.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Davis, John</span>, Milwaukee. Train. Cp.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Dieterien, W.H.</span>, Milwaukee. 120th F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Dutscher, Geo.</span>, Milwaukee. F.A.C.O.T.S.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Ferris, John</span>, Milwaukee. Gen. Staff.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Foster, Carlton</span>, Oshkosh. 20th Eng.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lachenmaier, Fred</span>, 312 Caswel Blk., 100th Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lee, Wilbur</span>, Oconto. 127th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Lystud, Andy</span>, N. Hudson. 330th Mach. Gun.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Merkel, Geo.</span>, Appleton. 127th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Owens, Elmer</span>, Milwaukee, 121st F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Pfeil, James</span>, Milwaukee. 340th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Prange, Herbert</span>, Baraboo. 128th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Salsman, John</span>, Madison. 32d Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Smith, B.L.</span>, Neenah. 18th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Strampe, George</span>, Janesville.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Szultek, John</span>, Milwaukee. 121st F.A.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Witterstaffer, Walter</span>, Milwaukee. 340th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Woodworth, Leigh</span>, Janesville.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Wyoming</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">Dinneen, M.A.</span>, Cheyenne. 116th Amm. Tr.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Gregg, Ben</span>, Worland. 49th Reg.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">June, C.M.</span>, Cheyenne. 13th Div.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">McCarthy, D.C.M.</span>, Casper. U.S.N.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Miller, L.A.</span>, Cheyenne. U.S.M.C.</li> + +<li><span class="smcap">Powers, Ralph</span>, Tarrington. 40th Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Shortell, William</span>, Buffalo. 116th Am. Tr.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Swenson, Nelsy</span>, Douglas, 1st Inf.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">World's War Veterans</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">C.P. Dimmitt</span></li> +<li><span class="smcap">G.H.W. Rauschkolb</span></li> +<li><span class="smcap">Geo. E. David</span></li> +<li><span class="smcap">John S. Seibert</span></li> +<li><span class="smcap">Thomas H. Dempsey</span></li> +<li><span class="smcap">R.A. Thompson</span></li> +<li><span class="smcap">F.H. Rein</span></li> +<li><span class="smcap">Charles S. Watkins</span></li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">Soldiers' And Sailors' Council</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">S.M. Curtin</span></li> +</ul> + +<p class="smcap">American Army Association</p> +<ul class="plain"> +<li><span class="smcap">H.W. Hillyer</span>, 1215 Nat. Bank, Conwell Bldg., St. Louis, Co. B, 49 Mo. G.B.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Louis R. Florin</span></li> +<li><span class="smcap">T.R. Smith</span>, 2848 Lyon St., St. Louis, 11th Co. A., S.D., Garden City</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Joseph P. McGlinn</span></li> +<li><span class="smcap">J.A. Bernard</span>, 706 Pearce Bldg., St. Louis. 45 U.S. Inf.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Scott W. Lucas</span></li> +</ul> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 14478 ***</div> +</body> +</html> + diff --git a/14478-h/images/img001.jpg b/14478-h/images/img001.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..6ebc33f --- /dev/null +++ b/14478-h/images/img001.jpg diff --git a/14478-h/images/img002.jpg b/14478-h/images/img002.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..7dee2d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/14478-h/images/img002.jpg diff --git a/14478-h/images/img003.jpg b/14478-h/images/img003.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..20514cc --- /dev/null +++ b/14478-h/images/img003.jpg diff --git a/14478-h/images/img004.jpg b/14478-h/images/img004.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..aee2f93 --- /dev/null +++ b/14478-h/images/img004.jpg diff --git a/14478-h/images/img005.jpg b/14478-h/images/img005.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..6ff1cf0 --- /dev/null +++ b/14478-h/images/img005.jpg diff --git a/14478-h/images/img006.jpg b/14478-h/images/img006.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..3ccd487 --- /dev/null +++ b/14478-h/images/img006.jpg diff --git a/14478-h/images/img007.jpg b/14478-h/images/img007.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ac7fb4f --- /dev/null +++ b/14478-h/images/img007.jpg diff --git a/14478-h/images/img008.jpg b/14478-h/images/img008.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ffad03e --- /dev/null +++ b/14478-h/images/img008.jpg diff --git a/14478-h/images/img009.jpg b/14478-h/images/img009.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b64534e --- /dev/null +++ b/14478-h/images/img009.jpg diff --git a/14478-h/images/img010.jpg b/14478-h/images/img010.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..e5e0ce5 --- /dev/null +++ b/14478-h/images/img010.jpg diff --git a/14478-h/images/img011.jpg b/14478-h/images/img011.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..9823466 --- /dev/null +++ b/14478-h/images/img011.jpg diff --git a/14478-h/images/img012.jpg b/14478-h/images/img012.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..709a616 --- /dev/null +++ b/14478-h/images/img012.jpg diff --git a/14478-h/images/img013.jpg b/14478-h/images/img013.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..19caa3a --- /dev/null +++ b/14478-h/images/img013.jpg diff --git a/14478-h/images/img014.jpg b/14478-h/images/img014.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..9182deb --- /dev/null +++ b/14478-h/images/img014.jpg diff --git a/14478-h/images/img015.jpg b/14478-h/images/img015.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ab14e0d --- /dev/null +++ b/14478-h/images/img015.jpg |
