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diff --git a/1422.txt b/1422.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3d0ad9a --- /dev/null +++ b/1422.txt @@ -0,0 +1,912 @@ +The Project Gutenberg eBook, Going into Society, by Charles Dickens + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + + + + +Title: Going into Society + + +Author: Charles Dickens + +Release Date: April 4, 2005 [eBook #1422] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GOING INTO SOCIETY*** + + + + + +Transcribed from the 1894 Chapman and Hall edition of "Christmas Stories" +by David Price, email ccx074@coventry.ac.uk + + + + + +GOING INTO SOCIETY + + +At one period of its reverses, the House fell into the occupation of a +Showman. He was found registered as its occupier, on the parish books of +the time when he rented the House, and there was therefore no need of any +clue to his name. But, he himself was less easy to be found; for, he had +led a wandering life, and settled people had lost sight of him, and +people who plumed themselves on being respectable were shy of admitting +that they had ever known anything of him. At last, among the marsh lands +near the river's level, that lie about Deptford and the neighbouring +market-gardens, a Grizzled Personage in velveteen, with a face so cut up +by varieties of weather that he looked as if he had been tattooed, was +found smoking a pipe at the door of a wooden house on wheels. The wooden +house was laid up in ordinary for the winter, near the mouth of a muddy +creek; and everything near it, the foggy river, the misty marshes, and +the steaming market-gardens, smoked in company with the grizzled man. In +the midst of this smoking party, the funnel-chimney of the wooden house +on wheels was not remiss, but took its pipe with the rest in a +companionable manner. + +On being asked if it were he who had once rented the House to Let, +Grizzled Velveteen looked surprised, and said yes. Then his name was +Magsman? That was it, Toby Magsman--which lawfully christened Robert; +but called in the line, from a infant, Toby. There was nothing agin Toby +Magsman, he believed? If there was suspicion of such--mention it! + +There was no suspicion of such, he might rest assured. But, some +inquiries were making about that House, and would he object to say why he +left it? + +Not at all; why should he? He left it, along of a Dwarf. + +Along of a Dwarf? + +Mr. Magsman repeated, deliberately and emphatically, Along of a Dwarf. + +Might it be compatible with Mr. Magsman's inclination and convenience to +enter, as a favour, into a few particulars? + +Mr. Magsman entered into the following particulars. + +It was a long time ago, to begin with;--afore lotteries and a deal more +was done away with. Mr. Magsman was looking about for a good pitch, and +he see that house, and he says to himself, "I'll have you, if you're to +be had. If money'll get you, I'll have you." + +The neighbours cut up rough, and made complaints; but Mr. Magsman don't +know what they _would_ have had. It was a lovely thing. First of all, +there was the canvass, representin the picter of the Giant, in Spanish +trunks and a ruff, who was himself half the heighth of the house, and was +run up with a line and pulley to a pole on the roof, so that his Ed was +coeval with the parapet. Then, there was the canvass, representin the +picter of the Albina lady, showing her white air to the Army and Navy in +correct uniform. Then, there was the canvass, representin the picter of +the Wild Indian a scalpin a member of some foreign nation. Then, there +was the canvass, representin the picter of a child of a British Planter, +seized by two Boa Constrictors--not that _we_ never had no child, nor no +Constrictors neither. Similarly, there was the canvass, representin the +picter of the Wild Ass of the Prairies--not that _we_ never had no wild +asses, nor wouldn't have had 'em at a gift. Last, there was the canvass, +representin the picter of the Dwarf, and like him too (considerin), with +George the Fourth in such a state of astonishment at him as His Majesty +couldn't with his utmost politeness and stoutness express. The front of +the House was so covered with canvasses, that there wasn't a spark of +daylight ever visible on that side. "MAGSMAN'S AMUSEMENTS," fifteen foot +long by two foot high, ran over the front door and parlour winders. The +passage was a Arbour of green baize and gardenstuff. A barrel-organ +performed there unceasing. And as to respectability,--if threepence +ain't respectable, what is? + +But, the Dwarf is the principal article at present, and he was worth the +money. He was wrote up as MAJOR TPSCHOFFKI, OF THE IMPERIAL BULGRADERIAN +BRIGADE. Nobody couldn't pronounce the name, and it never was intended +anybody should. The public always turned it, as a regular rule, into +Chopski. In the line he was called Chops; partly on that account, and +partly because his real name, if he ever had any real name (which was +very dubious), was Stakes. + +He was a uncommon small man, he really was. Certainly not so small as he +was made out to be, but where _is_ your Dwarf as is? He was a most +uncommon small man, with a most uncommon large Ed; and what he had inside +that Ed, nobody ever knowed but himself: even supposin himself to have +ever took stock of it, which it would have been a stiff job for even him +to do. + +The kindest little man as never growed! Spirited, but not proud. When +he travelled with the Spotted Baby--though he knowed himself to be a +nat'ral Dwarf, and knowed the Baby's spots to be put upon him artificial, +he nursed that Baby like a mother. You never heerd him give a ill-name +to a Giant. He _did_ allow himself to break out into strong language +respectin the Fat Lady from Norfolk; but that was an affair of the 'art; +and when a man's 'art has been trifled with by a lady, and the preference +giv to a Indian, he ain't master of his actions. + +He was always in love, of course; every human nat'ral phenomenon is. And +he was always in love with a large woman; I never knowed the Dwarf as +could be got to love a small one. Which helps to keep 'em the +Curiosities they are. + +One sing'ler idea he had in that Ed of his, which must have meant +something, or it wouldn't have been there. It was always his opinion +that he was entitled to property. He never would put his name to +anything. He had been taught to write, by the young man without arms, +who got his living with his toes (quite a writing master _he_ was, and +taught scores in the line), but Chops would have starved to death, afore +he'd have gained a bit of bread by putting his hand to a paper. This is +the more curious to bear in mind, because HE had no property, nor hope of +property, except his house and a sarser. When I say his house, I mean +the box, painted and got up outside like a reg'lar six-roomer, that he +used to creep into, with a diamond ring (or quite as good to look at) on +his forefinger, and ring a little bell out of what the Public believed to +be the Drawing-room winder. And when I say a sarser, I mean a Chaney +sarser in which he made a collection for himself at the end of every +Entertainment. His cue for that, he took from me: "Ladies and gentlemen, +the little man will now walk three times round the Cairawan, and retire +behind the curtain." When he said anything important, in private life, +he mostly wound it up with this form of words, and they was generally the +last thing he said to me at night afore he went to bed. + +He had what I consider a fine mind--a poetic mind. His ideas respectin +his property never come upon him so strong as when he sat upon a barrel- +organ and had the handle turned. Arter the wibration had run through him +a little time, he would screech out, "Toby, I feel my property +coming--grind away! I'm counting my guineas by thousands, Toby--grind +away! Toby, I shall be a man of fortun! I feel the Mint a jingling in +me, Toby, and I'm swelling out into the Bank of England!" Such is the +influence of music on a poetic mind. Not that he was partial to any +other music but a barrel-organ; on the contrary, hated it. + +He had a kind of a everlasting grudge agin the Public: which is a thing +you may notice in many phenomenons that get their living out of it. What +riled him most in the nater of his occupation was, that it kep him out of +Society. He was continiwally saying, "Toby, my ambition is, to go into +Society. The curse of my position towards the Public is, that it keeps +me hout of Society. This don't signify to a low beast of a Indian; he +an't formed for Society. This don't signify to a Spotted Baby; _he_ an't +formed for Society.--I am." + +Nobody never could make out what Chops done with his money. He had a +good salary, down on the drum every Saturday as the day came round, +besides having the run of his teeth--and he was a Woodpecker to eat--but +all Dwarfs are. The sarser was a little income, bringing him in so many +halfpence that he'd carry 'em for a week together, tied up in a pocket- +handkercher. And yet he never had money. And it couldn't be the Fat +Lady from Norfolk, as was once supposed; because it stands to reason that +when you have a animosity towards a Indian, which makes you grind your +teeth at him to his face, and which can hardly hold you from Goosing him +audible when he's going through his War-Dance--it stands to reason you +wouldn't under them circumstances deprive yourself, to support that +Indian in the lap of luxury. + +Most unexpected, the mystery come out one day at Egham Races. The Public +was shy of bein pulled in, and Chops was ringin his little bell out of +his drawing-room winder, and was snarlin to me over his shoulder as he +kneeled down with his legs out at the back-door--for he couldn't be +shoved into his house without kneeling down, and the premises wouldn't +accommodate his legs--was snarlin, "Here's a precious Public for you; why +the Devil don't they tumble up?" when a man in the crowd holds up a +carrier-pigeon, and cries out, "If there's any person here as has got a +ticket, the Lottery's just drawed, and the number as has come up for the +great prize is three, seven, forty-two! Three, seven, forty-two!" I was +givin the man to the Furies myself, for calling off the Public's +attention--for the Public will turn away, at any time, to look at +anything in preference to the thing showed 'em; and if you doubt it, get +'em together for any indiwidual purpose on the face of the earth, and +send only two people in late, and see if the whole company an't far more +interested in takin particular notice of them two than of you--I say, I +wasn't best pleased with the man for callin out, and wasn't blessin him +in my own mind, when I see Chops's little bell fly out of winder at a old +lady, and he gets up and kicks his box over, exposin the whole secret, +and he catches hold of the calves of my legs and he says to me, "Carry me +into the wan, Toby, and throw a pail of water over me or I'm a dead man, +for I've come into my property!" + +Twelve thousand odd hundred pound, was Chops's winnins. He had bought a +half-ticket for the twenty-five thousand prize, and it had come up. The +first use he made of his property, was, to offer to fight the Wild Indian +for five hundred pound a side, him with a poisoned darnin-needle and the +Indian with a club; but the Indian being in want of backers to that +amount, it went no further. + +Arter he had been mad for a week--in a state of mind, in short, in which, +if I had let him sit on the organ for only two minutes, I believe he +would have bust--but we kep the organ from him--Mr. Chops come round, and +behaved liberal and beautiful to all. He then sent for a young man he +knowed, as had a wery genteel appearance and was a Bonnet at a gaming- +booth (most respectable brought up, father havin been imminent in the +livery stable line but unfort'nate in a commercial crisis, through +paintin a old gray, ginger-bay, and sellin him with a Pedigree), and Mr. +Chops said to this Bonnet, who said his name was Normandy, which it +wasn't: + +"Normandy, I'm a goin into Society. Will you go with me?" + +Says Normandy: "Do I understand you, Mr. Chops, to hintimate that the +'ole of the expenses of that move will be borne by yourself?" + +"Correct," says Mr. Chops. "And you shall have a Princely allowance +too." + +The Bonnet lifted Mr. Chops upon a chair, to shake hands with him, and +replied in poetry, with his eyes seemingly full of tears: + + "My boat is on the shore, + And my bark is on the sea, + And I do not ask for more, + But I'll Go:--along with thee." + +They went into Society, in a chay and four grays with silk jackets. They +took lodgings in Pall Mall, London, and they blazed away. + +In consequence of a note that was brought to Bartlemy Fair in the autumn +of next year by a servant, most wonderful got up in milk-white cords and +tops, I cleaned myself and went to Pall Mall, one evening appinted. The +gentlemen was at their wine arter dinner, and Mr. Chops's eyes was more +fixed in that Ed of his than I thought good for him. There was three of +'em (in company, I mean), and I knowed the third well. When last met, he +had on a white Roman shirt, and a bishop's mitre covered with leopard- +skin, and played the clarionet all wrong, in a band at a Wild Beast Show. + +This gent took on not to know me, and Mr. Chops said: "Gentlemen, this is +a old friend of former days:" and Normandy looked at me through a eye- +glass, and said, "Magsman, glad to see you!"--which I'll take my oath he +wasn't. Mr. Chops, to git him convenient to the table, had his chair on +a throne (much of the form of George the Fourth's in the canvass), but he +hardly appeared to me to be King there in any other pint of view, for his +two gentlemen ordered about like Emperors. They was all dressed like May- +Day--gorgeous!--And as to Wine, they swam in all sorts. + +I made the round of the bottles, first separate (to say I had done it), +and then mixed 'em all together (to say I had done it), and then tried +two of 'em as half-and-half, and then t'other two. Altogether, I passed +a pleasin evenin, but with a tendency to feel muddled, until I considered +it good manners to get up and say, "Mr. Chops, the best of friends must +part, I thank you for the wariety of foreign drains you have stood so +'ansome, I looks towards you in red wine, and I takes my leave." Mr. +Chops replied, "If you'll just hitch me out of this over your right arm, +Magsman, and carry me down-stairs, I'll see you out." I said I couldn't +think of such a thing, but he would have it, so I lifted him off his +throne. He smelt strong of Maideary, and I couldn't help thinking as I +carried him down that it was like carrying a large bottle full of wine, +with a rayther ugly stopper, a good deal out of proportion. + +When I set him on the door-mat in the hall, he kep me close to him by +holding on to my coat-collar, and he whispers: + +"I ain't 'appy, Magsman." + +"What's on your mind, Mr. Chops?" + +"They don't use me well. They an't grateful to me. They puts me on the +mantel-piece when I won't have in more Champagne-wine, and they locks me +in the sideboard when I won't give up my property." + +"Get rid of 'em, Mr. Chops." + +"I can't. We're in Society together, and what would Society say?" + +"Come out of Society!" says I. + +"I can't. You don't know what you're talking about. When you have once +gone into Society, you mustn't come out of it." + +"Then if you'll excuse the freedom, Mr. Chops," were my remark, shaking +my head grave, "I think it's a pity you ever went in." + +Mr. Chops shook that deep Ed of his, to a surprisin extent, and slapped +it half a dozen times with his hand, and with more Wice than I thought +were in him. Then, he says, "You're a good fellow, but you don't +understand. Good-night, go along. Magsman, the little man will now walk +three times round the Cairawan, and retire behind the curtain." The last +I see of him on that occasion was his tryin, on the extremest werge of +insensibility, to climb up the stairs, one by one, with his hands and +knees. They'd have been much too steep for him, if he had been sober; +but he wouldn't be helped. + +It warn't long after that, that I read in the newspaper of Mr. Chops's +being presented at court. It was printed, "It will be recollected"--and +I've noticed in my life, that it is sure to be printed that it _will_ be +recollected, whenever it won't--"that Mr. Chops is the individual of +small stature, whose brilliant success in the last State Lottery +attracted so much attention." Well, I says to myself, Such is Life! He +has been and done it in earnest at last. He has astonished George the +Fourth! + +(On account of which, I had that canvass new-painted, him with a bag of +money in his hand, a presentin it to George the Fourth, and a lady in +Ostrich Feathers fallin in love with him in a bag-wig, sword, and buckles +correct.) + +I took the House as is the subject of present inquiries--though not the +honour of bein acquainted--and I run Magsman's Amusements in it thirteen +months--sometimes one thing, sometimes another, sometimes nothin +particular, but always all the canvasses outside. One night, when we had +played the last company out, which was a shy company, through its raining +Heavens hard, I was takin a pipe in the one pair back along with the +young man with the toes, which I had taken on for a month (though he +never drawed--except on paper), and I heard a kickin at the street door. +"Halloa!" I says to the young man, "what's up!" He rubs his eyebrows +with his toes, and he says, "I can't imagine, Mr. Magsman"--which he +never could imagine nothin, and was monotonous company. + +The noise not leavin off, I laid down my pipe, and I took up a candle, +and I went down and opened the door. I looked out into the street; but +nothin could I see, and nothin was I aware of, until I turned round +quick, because some creetur run between my legs into the passage. There +was Mr. Chops! + +"Magsman," he says, "take me, on the old terms, and you've got me; if +it's done, say done!" + +I was all of a maze, but I said, "Done, sir." + +"Done to your done, and double done!" says he. "Have you got a bit of +supper in the house?" + +Bearin in mind them sparklin warieties of foreign drains as we'd guzzled +away at in Pall Mall, I was ashamed to offer him cold sassages and gin- +and-water; but he took 'em both and took 'em free; havin a chair for his +table, and sittin down at it on a stool, like hold times. I, all of a +maze all the while. + +It was arter he had made a clean sweep of the sassages (beef, and to the +best of my calculations two pound and a quarter), that the wisdom as was +in that little man began to come out of him like prespiration. + +"Magsman," he says, "look upon me! You see afore you, One as has both +gone into Society and come out." + +"O! You _are_ out of it, Mr. Chops? How did you get out, sir?" + +"SOLD OUT!" says he. You never saw the like of the wisdom as his Ed +expressed, when he made use of them two words. + +"My friend Magsman, I'll impart to you a discovery I've made. It's +wallable; it's cost twelve thousand five hundred pound; it may do you +good in life--The secret of this matter is, that it ain't so much that a +person goes into Society, as that Society goes into a person." + +Not exactly keepin up with his meanin, I shook my head, put on a deep +look, and said, "You're right there, Mr. Chops." + +"Magsman," he says, twitchin me by the leg, "Society has gone into me, to +the tune of every penny of my property." + +I felt that I went pale, and though nat'rally a bold speaker, I couldn't +hardly say, "Where's Normandy?" + +"Bolted. With the plate," said Mr. Chops. + +"And t'other one?" meaning him as formerly wore the bishop's mitre. + +"Bolted. With the jewels," said Mr. Chops. + +I sat down and looked at him, and he stood up and looked at me. + +"Magsman," he says, and he seemed to myself to get wiser as he got +hoarser; "Society, taken in the lump, is all dwarfs. At the court of St. +James's, they was all a doing my old business--all a goin three times +round the Cairawan, in the hold court-suits and properties. Elsewheres, +they was most of 'em ringin their little bells out of make-believes. +Everywheres, the sarser was a goin round. Magsman, the sarser is the +uniwersal Institution!" + +I perceived, you understand, that he was soured by his misfortunes, and I +felt for Mr. Chops. + +"As to Fat Ladies," he says, giving his head a tremendious one agin the +wall, "there's lots of _them_ in Society, and worse than the original. +_Hers_ was a outrage upon Taste--simply a outrage upon Taste--awakenin +contempt--carryin its own punishment in the form of a Indian." Here he +giv himself another tremendious one. "But _theirs_, Magsman, _theirs_ is +mercenary outrages. Lay in Cashmeer shawls, buy bracelets, strew 'em and +a lot of 'andsome fans and things about your rooms, let it be known that +you give away like water to all as come to admire, and the Fat Ladies +that don't exhibit for so much down upon the drum, will come from all the +pints of the compass to flock about you, whatever you are. They'll drill +holes in your 'art, Magsman, like a Cullender. And when you've no more +left to give, they'll laugh at you to your face, and leave you to have +your bones picked dry by Wulturs, like the dead Wild Ass of the Prairies +that you deserve to be!" Here he giv himself the most tremendious one of +all, and dropped. + +I thought he was gone. His Ed was so heavy, and he knocked it so hard, +and he fell so stoney, and the sassagerial disturbance in him must have +been so immense, that I thought he was gone. But, he soon come round +with care, and he sat up on the floor, and he said to me, with wisdom +comin out of his eyes, if ever it come: + +"Magsman! The most material difference between the two states of +existence through which your unhappy friend has passed;" he reached out +his poor little hand, and his tears dropped down on the moustachio which +it was a credit to him to have done his best to grow, but it is not in +mortals to command success,--"the difference this. When I was out of +Society, I was paid light for being seen. When I went into Society, I +paid heavy for being seen. I prefer the former, even if I wasn't forced +upon it. Give me out through the trumpet, in the hold way, to-morrow." + +Arter that, he slid into the line again as easy as if he had been iled +all over. But the organ was kep from him, and no allusions was ever +made, when a company was in, to his property. He got wiser every day; +his views of Society and the Public was luminous, bewilderin, awful; and +his Ed got bigger and bigger as his Wisdom expanded it. + +He took well, and pulled 'em in most excellent for nine weeks. At the +expiration of that period, when his Ed was a sight, he expressed one +evenin, the last Company havin been turned out, and the door shut, a wish +to have a little music. + +"Mr. Chops," I said (I never dropped the "Mr." with him; the world might +do it, but not me); "Mr. Chops, are you sure as you are in a state of +mind and body to sit upon the organ?" + +His answer was this: "Toby, when next met with on the tramp, I forgive +her and the Indian. And I am." + +It was with fear and trembling that I began to turn the handle; but he +sat like a lamb. I will be my belief to my dying day, that I see his Ed +expand as he sat; you may therefore judge how great his thoughts was. He +sat out all the changes, and then he come off. + +"Toby," he says, with a quiet smile, "the little man will now walk three +times round the Cairawan, and retire behind the curtain." + +When we called him in the morning, we found him gone into a much better +Society than mine or Pall Mall's. I giv Mr. Chops as comfortable a +funeral as lay in my power, followed myself as Chief, and had the George +the Fourth canvass carried first, in the form of a banner. But, the +House was so dismal arterwards, that I giv it up, and took to the Wan +again. + +* * * * * + +"I don't triumph," said Jarber, folding up the second manuscript, and +looking hard at Trottle. "I don't triumph over this worthy creature. I +merely ask him if he is satisfied now?" + +"How can he be anything else?" I said, answering for Trottle, who sat +obstinately silent. "This time, Jarber, you have not only read us a +delightfully amusing story, but you have also answered the question about +the House. Of course it stands empty now. Who would think of taking it +after it had been turned into a caravan?" I looked at Trottle, as I said +those last words, and Jarber waved his hand indulgently in the same +direction. + +"Let this excellent person speak," said Jarber. "You were about to say, +my good man?"-- + +"I only wished to ask, sir," said Trottle doggedly, "if you could kindly +oblige me with a date or two in connection with that last story?" + +"A date!" repeated Jarber. "What does the man want with dates!" + +"I should be glad to know, with great respect," persisted Trottle, "if +the person named Magsman was the last tenant who lived in the House. It's +my opinion--if I may be excused for giving it--that he most decidedly was +not." + +With those words, Trottle made a low bow, and quietly left the room. + +There is no denying that Jarber, when we were left together, looked sadly +discomposed. He had evidently forgotten to inquire about dates; and, in +spite of his magnificent talk about his series of discoveries, it was +quite as plain that the two stories he had just read, had really and +truly exhausted his present stock. I thought myself bound, in common +gratitude, to help him out of his embarrassment by a timely suggestion. +So I proposed that he should come to tea again, on the next Monday +evening, the thirteenth, and should make such inquiries in the meantime, +as might enable him to dispose triumphantly of Trottle's objection. + +He gallantly kissed my hand, made a neat little speech of acknowledgment, +and took his leave. For the rest of the week I would not encourage +Trottle by allowing him to refer to the House at all. I suspected he was +making his own inquiries about dates, but I put no questions to him. + +On Monday evening, the thirteenth, that dear unfortunate Jarber came, +punctual to the appointed time. He looked so terribly harassed, that he +was really quite a spectacle of feebleness and fatigue. I saw, at a +glance, that the question of dates had gone against him, that Mr. Magsman +had not been the last tenant of the House, and that the reason of its +emptiness was still to seek. + +"What I have gone through," said Jarber, "words are not eloquent enough +to tell. O Sophonisba, I have begun another series of discoveries! +Accept the last two as stories laid on your shrine; and wait to blame me +for leaving your curiosity unappeased, until you have heard Number +Three." + +Number Three looked like a very short manuscript, and I said as much. +Jarber explained to me that we were to have some poetry this time. In +the course of his investigations he had stepped into the Circulating +Library, to seek for information on the one important subject. All the +Library-people knew about the House was, that a female relative of the +last tenant, as they believed, had, just after that tenant left, sent a +little manuscript poem to them which she described as referring to events +that had actually passed in the House; and which she wanted the +proprietor of the Library to publish. She had written no address on her +letter; and the proprietor had kept the manuscript ready to be given back +to her (the publishing of poems not being in his line) when she might +call for it. She had never called for it; and the poem had been lent to +Jarber, at his express request, to read to me. + +Before he began, I rang the bell for Trottle; being determined to have +him present at the new reading, as a wholesome check on his obstinacy. To +my surprise Peggy answered the bell, and told me, that Trottle had +stepped out without saying where. I instantly felt the strongest +possible conviction that he was at his old tricks: and that his stepping +out in the evening, without leave, meant--Philandering. + +Controlling myself on my visitor's account, I dismissed Peggy, stifled my +indignation, and prepared, as politely as might be, to listen to Jarber. + + + +***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GOING INTO SOCIETY*** + + +******* This file should be named 1422.txt or 1422.zip ******* + + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: +https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/4/2/1422 + + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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