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diff --git a/old/14092.txt b/old/14092.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4f5f475 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/14092.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5128 @@ +The Project Gutenberg eBook, The World's Fair, by Anonymous + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + + + + +Title: The World's Fair + +Author: Anonymous + +Release Date: November 19, 2004 [eBook #14092] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE WORLD'S FAIR*** + + +E-text prepared by The Internet Archive Children's Library, Asad Razzaki, +and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team + + + +Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this + file which includes the original illustrations. + See 14092-h.htm or 14092-h.zip: + (https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/4/0/9/14092/14092-h/14092-h.htm) + or + (https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/4/0/9/14092/14092-h.zip) + + Images of the original pages are available through the Florida + Board of Education, Division of Colleges and Universities, + PALMM Project, 2001. (Preservation and Access for American and + British Children's Literature, 1850-1869.) See + http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/dl/UF00001813.jpg + or + http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/dl/UF00001813.pdf + + + + + +THE WORLD'S FAIR + +Or, Children's Prize Gift Book of the Great Exhibition of 1851 + +Describing the Beautiful Inventions and Manufactures Exhibited Therein; +with Pretty Stories about the People Who Have Made and Sent Them; and +How They Live When at Home + +London: Thomas Dean and Son 35, Threadneedle-Street, and +Ackermann and Co. 96, Strand. + + + + + + + +What a pretty picture we have in the first title page, of the Great +Exhibition in Hyde Park! This gigantic structure is built of iron, +glass, and wood; but as, at a distance, it seems to be made entirely +of glass, it is called the "Crystal Palace." Does it not look like one +of those magnificent palaces we read about in fairy tales? + +The Great Exhibition is intended to receive and exhibit the most +beautiful and most ingenious things from every country in the world, +in order that everybody may become better known to each other than +they have been, and be joined together in love and trade, like one +great family; so that we may have no more wicked, terrible battles, +such as there used to be long ago, when nobody cared who else was +miserable, so that they themselves were comfortable. Only look at the +thousands of people who crowd the Park,--all so different looking, and +so curiously dressed. Grave Turks,--swarthy Spaniards and +Italians,--East Indian Princes, glistening with gold and +jewels,--clever French and German workmen, in blue cotton +blouses,--Chinese gentlemen,--Tartars, Russians, energetic Americans, +and many more. I wonder what they all think of us, whose habits in +many things are so different from their own? + +And what charming things there are in the Exhibition itself! Fine +porcelain wares, mirrors, books, statues, perfumes, and many more +articles from various parts of the world,--beautiful fans, books, +bronzes, and an infinity of other matters, from France in particular. +Here is a model in miniature of the Crystal Palace itself, in glass. + +Ah! talking of glass, what think you of an enormous French decanter, +in which three persons, having gotten inside by a ladder, can sit and +dine off a table a yard in circumference? This is quite an exhibition +in itself, I think. In another part of the building, we have a +looking-glass, from Germany, which is the largest that ever was made, +and is encased in a splendid frame of Dresden china. But here is a +darling little English steam-engine, so small that you could, after +wrapping it up in paper, lay it very comfortably inside an +ordinary-sized walnut-shell, while the plate on which it stands is not +bigger than a sixpence! + +In the very centre of the building, a gigantic crystal fountain +diffuses a delicious coolness around, its bright clear waters +sparkling, leaping, and playing, as if in delight and astonishment at +the splendid and wonderful articles surrounding it. And there are two +immense statues just beside it, looking mightily pleased with the +agreeable coolness of the water. But here are two large bronze +lions;--how terrible they look: they seem almost as if they were going +to jump at us. There are animals of various kinds in different parts +of the Exhibition; stags, horses, foxes, birds, cats, and even a +ferocious-looking tiger. + +There is a bundle of nails so diminutive you can hardly see +them--another bundle of three thousand nails, one thousand gold, +another silver, and the third iron; so light that the whole weighs +only three grains,--a French watch, smaller than a fourpenny +piece,--Hindoo stuffs, so thin you can scarcely feel them, yet are +made from rejected cotton-husks,--a highly-finished model of a palace, +from Italy; and a handsome carriage, from Prussia. + +But among the curious articles we must notice this imitation of a +camelia japonica tree in china, with buds, leaves, and blossoms, all +perfect, which came from Germany;--and that painted oil-cloth from +Manchester, covered with the most extraordinary mathematical +ornaments, and which took eleven years to complete, and is worth 500 +guineas. And that table, made of 38,000 pieces of wood, of +twenty-eight different colours, looking like mosaic, which was sent +from Switzerland. Nor must we forget to look at this piece of gold, on +which is engraved "The Lord's Prayer," and is yet so small that a +common pin-head covers it: that came from Portsmouth. And here is a +German bed, which being wound up, like a clock, to a certain hour, +throws the sleeper out on the ground, when the time comes; no lazy +lie-a-beds with that, I fancy! + +But here is an odd contribution, also from Germany; it is--what do you +think?--a piece of lace, darned, and a fine table napkin, also darned! +however, don't laugh, until I explain to you the reason _why_ it has +been mended in this way: an ingenious young lady, wishing to show +industrious lasses that torn clothes may be made to look as if they +had not been injured in that manner at all, got a piece of cloth, tore +it for the purpose, and taking up the stitches neatly, worked thread +after thread till she had darned it in such a way that nobody could +tell where it had been torn; she then thought of sending a specimen of +her industry to the World's Fair. + +Here are snuff-boxes made of coal, which have been sent from Woolwich; +and a beautiful little cannon of agate, from Germany; and two violins, +worth a great deal of money, which have been contributed from America. + +I know that the productions of India will delight you by their beauty +and ingenuity: the costumes the natives have sent are even prettier +than those of Turkey, Spain, or Persia, and their gold, silver, and +mother-of-pearl ornaments, are enchanting; what splendid veils, +dresses, shawls, carved ivory, and curiosities! + +I would have you look very attentively at the contributions from +India, they are so gorgeous; such superb muslins, baskets, and fans; +with silks, cotton, cocoa-nuts, roots, woods, and such tempting +fruits. I always like to see Indian articles, they are so magnificent. +The persons who have sent these things must have worked very hard, to +make so many beautiful specimens; but then the poorer people of India +are exceedingly industrious; they live very simply, eating rice, +boiled with milk and spices, as their principal food, for it is +against their religion to touch meat of any kind. They would lead +rather a sorry life, were it not that their tastes were so extremely +simple, and their wants so few. A Hindoo village looks more like a +gipsy encampment, than anything else, and bears a very strange +appearance to a European, at first. + +[Illustration] + +However, although the poor people live in this way, the princes and +nobles lead a far different life; an eastern grandee could formerly do +anything he chose, even to killing of his wives and slaves, and, only +I do not wish to frighten you, I could tell you many stories about the +cruelty of the Indian nobles. They live in great state, and are +always surrounded by a throng of slaves, and attendants, who wait on +them as they recline lazily on a pile of the softest cushions, which +are covered with the skins of beasts, and with silks, velvets, and +satins. When they go abroad they are carried in what is called a +palanquin, borne on the shoulders of servants, if they do not choose +to ride on a horse or an elephant. + +[Illustration] + +Their houses are adorned with the utmost magnificence, while the +gardens or approaches to them are delightfully cool and refreshing, +being shaded by fragrant trees, and shrubs, perfumed by the most +beautiful flowers, and cooled by fountains, playing in marble basins. +The Indian machinery is very clumsy indeed, and the mills are the +funniest-looking things imaginable: I must show you an oil-mill. + +[Illustration] + +A very cruel custom prevails in many parts of India, which I know will +shock you very much: when a Hindoo of rank dies, his widow is laid by +his side on a pile of faggots, which being set fire to, the poor +creature is suffocated, or else burnt alive, and they pretend that she +likes to be so destroyed. The ceremony is called a "Suttee," and is +conducted with great pomp, all the relations of the woman and her dead +husband being present, in addition to an immense crowd; before getting +on the pile, the widow divides all her jewels and ornaments amongst +her friends. Here is a picture of a widow about to bathe in a +"consecrated" river, before going to be burnt. + +Here are lovely specimens of the manufacture of gold, silver, silk, +jewellery, and Lebanon horns, from Syria, with seeds, fruits, oils, +and woods; and even ornaments and marble from Jerusalem! Little did +the Crusaders of old think, when they were fighting in Jerusalem, and +the Holy Land, that the Infidels, as they very incorrectly called +them, would be sending in such a friendly way to England. + +[Illustration] + +What splendid caps, slippers, veils, and perfumes, with such +picturesque guns and swords, from Turkey! The Turks are a fine, +handsome race of people, and very grave and sensible, except when they +are angry, when they grow raging and furious; they are fond of ease; +and the chief delight of those who can afford it is to sit +cross-legged on a low couch, drinking coffee, and smokeing a long +curled pipe, called a _hookah_. They often sit by the side of a canal +for a whole day, looking at children flying kites. Instead of sitting +at a table to dine, they put the dishes on a carpet of Turkey leather, +and sit round it on the floor, eating, with wooden spoons, meat and +rice stewed together, called _pilau_. They are not allowed to drink +wine, or eat pork. A favourite diversion with them is playing on a +kind of lute, and sometimes they amuse themselves with chess, +draughts, and other games; but their principal amusement, like some of +my little friends, is to sit and listen to stories, told by men who +earn their livelihood by relating entertaining tales and romances. + +[Illustration] + +The Turks do not undress and go to bed at any time, but being seated +on a sofa, they smoke till they are sleepy, then laying themselves +down, their slaves cover them over for the night. The poor people of +the cities carry water, cakes, loaves, and other things, through the +streets for a living, or act as buffoons, musicians, tumblers and +wrestlers, at the Sultan's and other of the rich people's palaces. + +They cannot use wheel carriages in Turkey, the streets are so narrow, +and the pavements in many parts so bad; everything is therefore +carried by men, horses, mules, and donkeys, which is very +inconvenient, as the mules and donkeys very often tumble down, and +throw their burdens right in everybody's way; as for a horse, when +heavily laden, it takes up the entire road; and when two loaded horses +meet, the bawling and confusion is dreadful. + +The markets in Turkey are called "bazaars," and there you can buy +almost anything you want; and every trade keeps together in knots of +shops, different from us, in particular quarters, so that you are not +obliged to walk all over the bazaar in search of a hat or a pair of +shoes. In these bazaars, it is customary for a dealer to ask much +more than he means to take, and for a buyer to offer infinitely less +than he means to give; it is, therefore, rather difficult to strike a +bargain, and sometimes several days are occupied chaffering about a +price. + +The Turkish houses, above the ground floors, are usually built of thin +laths, painted of different gay colours, and the roofs made of tiles, +so that every few months a terrible fire takes place, and several +thousand dwellings are burnt down; but the people are so accustomed to +this that they do not mind it, and look on very contentedly while the +fire rages, smoking their pipes, and drinking coffee. + +The Turks are exceedingly charitable, and not only give alms to the +sick and poor, but even to travellers and strangers; and some of them +have exercised their benevolence so far that they have left a sum of +money for digging wells, and for the support of several cats and dogs. +A very great trade is carried on from many parts of the world with +them, as their country is famous for its rich brocades, thick soft +carpets, mattings, baskets, curiously-wrought gold and silver +embroidery, and balsams. It is also remarkable for its attar of roses, +spices, figs, and coffee; all very good things, I dare say, you will +think. + +[Illustration] + +Some things have been sent from China to our Exhibition; but the +Chinese people do not seem to care much about it. Indeed, I wonder +they sent at all, for they consider themselves as the only civilized +nation in the world, and call China the "Celestial Empire," while they +imagine that the Emperor is an intimate relation of the Sun, Moon, and +Stars! They are a very industrious nation, however, and the Emperor +encourages them by his example. The poor work in every way they can; +and one of their occupations is carrying about water for sale, as they +have not water brought by pipes into the houses, as we have here. +Here is the picture of a Chinese water carrier. + +[Illustration] + +They also make the most elaborately carved ornaments, in wood and +ivory; their toys and lanterns are celebrated for their ingenuity and +workmanship. Their fireworks are superior to all those of other +nations; and they excel in tricks and amusing entertainments. The +cultivation of tea is universal, and agriculture--which, you know is +the art of tilling the earth--is held in high esteem; the principal +products being rice, wheat, yams, potatoes, turnips, and cabbages. The +dwellings of the peasantry too, are not in villages, as in old +England, but are scattered through the country; and they have no +fences, gates, or anything to guard against wild beasts, or robbers. +The females raise silk-worms, spin cotton, manufacture woollen +stuffs, and are the only weavers in the empire. The art of printing, +though done in what I must confess is rather a clumsy manner, is much +exercised amongst them, and gives employment to many people. + +I do not think we should like to dine with a Chinese gentleman, or +Mandarin, as he would treat us to strange dainties, as--a roast dog, a +dish of stewed worms, a rat pie; or, perhaps, a bird's-nest. But the +bird's-nest would be the best of the list, for it is not like the kind +of bird's-nests which you have seen, but is made, I believe, of the +spawn of fish, and looks something like isinglass. It is the nest of a +sort of swallow, is about the size of a goose's egg, and is found in +caverns along the sea shores; so it is not so bad as it seems at +first. And the rats are as large and fat as some of our rabbits, being +fed on fruits and grain, purposely for eating; as also are their dogs, +for eating. + +The people of the "Celestial Empire" are celebrated for their fondness +for making beautiful gardens; but their houses and gardens are quite +different from ours. + +What a pretty scene! what a delicious cool walk is formed by the grove +of trees leading to the porcelain tower. And those ladies walking +towards the boat,--or hobbling, more likely; for the Chinese ladies +have feet not much larger than your papa's thumb, which is there +considered a great beauty. + +[Illustration] + +The common women cannot afford to have little feet, as the feet of the +rich girls are bandaged up in iron shoes, when they are two or three +years old, to prevent their growing larger. These small feet are +called "Golden Lilies;" but I am glad no such barbarous custom +prevails in our own dear country. The Chinese ladies, however, are +extremely accomplished, and can play on many musical instruments, +paint, and embroider. The merchants of China are not at all remarkable +for their honesty, though a few of them are very scrupulous. Many of +them amass great fortunes. + +The Chinese have sent in embroidered shawls, table-covers, teas, +curious and intricate toys, and specimens of handicraft. + +[Illustration] + +Why, we have even specimens of Russian industry, in the Great +Exhibition; and very good specimens they are, too. Russia is not such +a pleasant country, in some respects, as any of those I have been +telling you of; for in the winter the frost is so severe that many of +the poor Russians die from cold. The rich wrap themselves up in warm +furs, and ride in fur-lined sledges, instead of the usual carriages; +but the poor people are forced to continue working out of doors at +their various employments, being very careful, however, to cover their +legs, hands, and head with fur, lest they should be bitten with the +frost, which sometimes seizes those parts and turns them white. Though +many of the poor women stand for hours together, washing their linen +in holes cut in the ice, without getting frozen, yet it often happens +that coachmen and other servants have been frozen to death in the +streets at night, while waiting for their masters. + +At the end of every year, the Russians keep a long fast, and as soon +as it is over, lay in their store of winter's provisions, at a market +held once a-year on the river Neva, which is then frozen over. I +should like you to see this market, it is so full of gaiety and +singularity, while the high piles of frozen provisions look so +picturesque along the ice. The Russians are remarkable for their +cheerfulness and contentment, and are so fond of singing, that they +are always enjoying a song when at work. Russian songs are very +different from ours, and sound rather odd to us. + +The food of the common people is black rye bread, sometimes, by way +of treat, stuffed with onions, carrots, or green corn, and seasoned +with sweet oil. They use eggs, salt fish, bacon, and mushrooms, of +which last they have a great plenty. The men are ordinarily dressed in +loose trousers; short coats of sheep-skin, tied with a sash round +their waists, and folds of flannel, fastened round with pack-thread, +on their legs, for stockings. The women are dressed just as oddly, in +short gowns, and with their hair plaited and hanging down their backs, +if they are unmarried; or a cap and cotton kerchief round their heads, +if they are married. The peasants' houses are built of wood, and have +one or two rooms only; they are miserably furnished, with no beds, as +the family sleep on benches in summer, while nearly one-fourth of the +principal apartment is filled by an enormous stove, or rather oven, +upon which they sleep in winter; for the smoke of which, there is no +chimney beyond a hole in the wall. I don't think you or I would much +like to spend a winter in Russia. + +Many useful things, you may observe, have come from Spain--cheeses, +honey, dried fruits, salt, lime, wool, oil, flax, and cotton; with +guns, swords, and also beautiful ornaments; with some precious +stones, diamonds, rubies, and emeralds. The Spaniards are not either a +very active or a very cleanly people, but they are exceedingly proud, +honest, and hospitable; they are skilful workers in woollen and silk +stuffs, and manufacture sword-blades of a very fine kind; while their +leather is celebrated for its superiority. They also work beautifully +in gold and silver; and trade in immense quantities of those oranges +you like so well, lemons, citrons, grapes, raisins, olives, nuts, and +wines. + +The chief amusement of both high and low is one which neither you nor +I would be pleased with, I hope, for it is bull-fighting; which cruel +entertainment they learned from the Moors, who once had possession of +Spain, and built all the beautiful castles and palaces that are in it. +The manners of the rich people are merely like those of our own +gentry, but the common people are very peculiar; and all classes +delight in playing on the guitar, and singing, both of which they +perform charmingly. They have also two favourite dances, called a +fandango, and a bolero, both extremely lively and graceful. The mode +of conveyance in Spain is by mules, and these beasts are surprisingly +obedient to their masters, and answer to their own names just like our +own pet dogs. The tails of the mules are oddly decorated, by cutting +the hair into stars, flowers, and other fanciful designs. + +The villages are mostly mean, and the roads narrow; but Madrid, the +capital of Spain, is a large city, with long, straight streets, many +of them cooled by noble fountains. The houses in Madrid are built of +brick, and even the grandest of them have only lattices, instead of +glass windows, most of which have, however, handsome balconies, +supported on columns. In the churches, there are neither pews, +benches, nor chairs; the ground is covered with matting, on which +every one kneels together, from the grandee to the beggar. In the +suburbs there are many woods of evergreen oak, vineyards, olive +plantations, and orchards of mulberry, plum, and almond trees; and the +flocks of black sheep and goats, grazing in the country meadows, have +a pretty effect. + +I don't think you would find the Spanish cookery much to your taste; +for the Spaniards are very fond of rancid butter in their meals, and +of oil that has a very strong smell and flavour; indeed, when they +are going to cook anything that requires fat, they lift down the lamp +from the ceiling, and take out what oil they want. Bread, steeped in +oil, and occasionally seasoned with vinegar, is the common food of the +country people. Their favourite wine is that which has a strong taste +of the leather bottles or casks, in which they keep it; and they will +hardly eat any thing that has not saffron, pimento, or garlic, in it. +They have, however, even amongst the poorest, such fine grapes, ripe +melons, and tempting oranges, as my little readers, I know, have +seldom tasted. In summer, they use a quantity of ice, which is sold in +glasses, in the streets, for a trifling sum. In place of candles, the +poor people have a piece of cane, cut with holes through it, which is +fixed to the ceiling, and from one of the holes a lamp is hung by a +hook. + +[Illustration] + +The dress of the lower orders is very pretty indeed, and they +themselves are mostly tall and handsome, with black hair and eyes, and +dark sun-burnt complexions. The climate is so warm and balmy, that +they can grow their fruits in the open air. + +Some pretty articles have been sent from Portugal, a country which is +near Spain, and very like it in all respects. It is a very fine +country, famous for wine, and oil; and the sheep are much prized for +their superior wool. The ladies of rank still spin flax from a +distaff, to show their industry. The peasantry are not very well off; +their only luxury is tobacco, and their usual fare is bread, made of +Indian corn, with a salted pilchard, or a head of garlic, to give it a +relish. They are polite and hospitable; but the people of the towns +have not the least scruple in stabbing any body that offends them; so +that it is a dangerous thing to affront them. + +What elegant tables, pictures, vases, marbles, statues, shells, woods, +and perfumes, have been contributed to the Exhibition from Italy. +Here is a table of a most beautiful material, called pietra dura, +which took one hundred and twenty years to finish, and came from +Naples. + +Italy has always been celebrated for the beauty of the articles +manufactured there; and the things it has sent us now are certainly +worthy of its fame. It is one of the loveliest countries in the world, +in the spring and autumn, and is ornamented with the richest foliage; +vines, mulberry, olive, and orange trees; and with high hills and deep +dales, towns, villas, and villages. The soil is extremely fertile, and +produces abundance of grain, the finest fruits and vegetables, with +flax, saffron, and manna. The climate is delightful, except in +summer, when the weather is dreadfully hot, and the winters are so +mild, that ice and snow are quite rarities, except in the mountains; I +wonder what my little-boy friends would do there, for a skate on the +ice, or a merry game of snow-balls? + +Rome, the capital of Italy, is a splendid city, full of the remains of +ancient temples, pillars, arches, and fountains; but many of them +sadly ruinous and decayed. There are a great many Jews in it, who are +forced to live in a particular part, called the _ghetto_, which means +a place for Jews. The city of Rome and the surrounding country are +very unwholesome during summer, in consequence of the land not being +properly drained, as it used to be in the times of the ancient Romans, +so that it is dangerous to dwell near them at that season of the year. +The numerous vineyards in Italy, are not divided by hedges, but by +rows of rather fine trees, the vines clinging in graceful festoons +from one bough to another. In some parts of the country, there are +various picturesque corn fields and meadows, bordered by olive trees. + +The Italians are not a very industrious people, but they make silk +stockings, soap, snuff-boxes of the lava of Mount Vesuvius, tables of +marble, and ornaments of shells, besides gloves and caps of the +filaments of a kind of muscle, which they get off the rocks, where it +fixes itself by spinning a web from its own body, like the silk-worm +or spider. These caps and gloves are actually warmer than those made +of wool, and are of a fine glossy green colour. + +[Illustration] + +There are a great many beggars, I am sorry to say, in fair Italy, who +are called _Lazzaroni_, and they live on whatever they can get, +sleeping under porticos, piazzas, or any place they can find, and are, +as you may guess, excessively idle, like all other beggars. + +There are also hordes of thieves, who are called _Banditti_, and who +rob people in the most daring manner, for there are very few police. +But there are also numerous persons who are quite well-behaved, and +do all they can to earn their bread honestly. Among these is a set of +men called _Improvisatori_, who tell stories, or repeat verses in the +streets, and get a good deal of money from those who stop to listen to +them. It must be very pleasant, on a cool summer evening, to sit under +some magnificent old portico, listening to some interesting poem, or +hearing a pretty story related. + +Throughout Italy, one of the remarkable customs, is keeping of a grand +festival, which begins some weeks before Lent, and is called the +"Carnival;" on this occasion, every place is brilliantly adorned, and +the people go about singing, dancing, joking, and masquerading. The +most splendid Carnival is kept at Venice, a remarkable city of Italy, +built upon a several islands, the sea, which runs every where among +them, serving the inhabitants for streets. + +The Italians are very handsome, and have jet black hair, dark roguish +eyes, and fine figures. The dress of the lower orders is even prettier +than the pretty Spanish costume. The men wear high-crowned hats, such +as you may sometimes have seen on the organ-grinders in the streets of +London, velveteen jackets, gaiters, and open shirt-collars, loosely +fastened by a silk ribbon; while the women have short scarlet +petticoats, and jackets of a darker colour, with exceedingly short +sleeves, tied with bright ribbon, and their long black hair decorated +with coloured bows of ribbon, and confined by a silk lace net, which +falls partly over their shoulders. Instead of sending thieves to +prison in Italy, they are sent on board the galleys, a large kind of +rowing vessels, where they are chained to the decks, and obliged to +endure every species of hardship. + +What a number of things the Germans have contributed! Bracelets, +articles of straw, beautiful household furniture, toys, wire, and many +other manufactures. Here is a splendid tray of polished amber, with a +little carriage, made according to a proper model, and a large +chandelier of amber, capable of holding several thousand lights. There +is a beautiful cabinet made of a collection of pieces of unpolished +amber, intended to show the different kinds of that mineral, its +various forms, its peculiarities, and its varieties. Here is a +bedstead, worth it is said ten thousand pounds; and the most elegant +furniture ever seen. And here is a piece of white silk embroidered +with portraits of our Queen and the Prince of Wales, done in a thin +kind of thread, called "hair thread." + +You know a good deal about Germany itself, I dare say, already; but I +must tell you something about the Germans themselves. They are grave +and thoughtful, but highly romantic and full of enthusiasm. Their love +for their country is most remarkable. All classes in Germany are +well-educated, and many painters, poets, and musicians, have been born +among them. The art of printing was first practiced in that country, +and at present the number of books printed there is immense; while +every year a book-fair is held at the city of Leipzig. The produce and +manufactures of Germany are exceedingly numerous, and you see they are +of great variety, such as clocks, watches, woollens, linens, toys, +wines, ornamental work in iron and steel, worsteds, and silks. In the +public walks and gardens, on Sundays, the people assemble in great +crowds, dressed out in their holiday clothes, while ladies and +gentlemen walk about without the least restraint among the working +people. + +The chase is a favourite amusement with the nobles and gentlemen, and +is a sport in which they are lustily joined by the peasantry. The +immense forests with which the country abounds gives shelter to wild +boars, wolves, and many other ferocious animals. On grand occasions +there is held what is called a _battue_, when a number of deer are +driven into an enclourse, and shot at by the sportsmen. The habits of +the peasants are extremely simple, but the people are industrious and +ingenious. The villages and cottages are neat and comfortable. The +peasants make many pretty toys and ornaments, and bring provisions to +market from a great distance, in light roomy wheel-barrows, made for +the purpose. The German people are in general fair, with blue eyes, +flaxen hair, and full figures; but they do not wear any very peculiar +dress. + +In models of ships, in rosewood furniture, in silver embroidery, and +silver cups,--besides linens, calicoes, and glass beautifully painted +for windows; many contributions have been sent in by the Dutch. There +are also soft thick blankets with scarlet borders, which make one warm +merely to look at them. + +The Dutch people are industrious, and cleanly. The women are the most +active and nicest house-wives in the world; they scour and brighten, +and rub not only the furniture and inside of their houses, but the +outside as well; the houses in Holland, by-the-bye, look like painted +baby-houses, and are roofed with glossy delft tiles, and the rooms are +lined with smooth square tiles of delft, and the floors paved with +marble. The people are never idle in Holland, but are always working +at a great variety of manufactures, among which are leather, woollen, +and linen articles,--also, paper, wax, starch, pottery, and tiles. +Large quantities of gin are likewise made, and this liquor is in +England called "Hollands" for that reason. Carts are not much used by +the Dutch; their goods are carried on sledges, very light waggons, and +boats. The reason of this is, that they are afraid lest the wheels of +vehicles should injure the foundations of their cities, which are +generally built on piles of huge trees, driven like stakes into the +bog beneath. The common people are very humane to their cattle; they +rub down the cows and oxen, and keep them as clean and sleek as our +English horses. Canals run through the principal streets, and in +winter they are frozen over for two or three months, when the whole +country is like a fair; booths are erected upon the ice, with fires in +them. The country people skate to market, with milk and vegetables; +and every kind of sport is seen on the frozen canals. Sledges fly from +one street to another, gaily decorated, and numberless skaters glide +about with astonishing swiftness and dexterity. No people skate so +well as the Dutch. + +[Illustration] + +Holland was once a quagmire, almost covered with water; but by making +canals higher than the land, and pumping the water out of the fields +into them, the land was drained. The bogs are numerous, and supply so +much turf that little else is burned. There are no beggars; and the +people are in general pretty warmly clothed, and comfortable looking, +with ruddy faces. The townspeople are dressed almost like the +Londoners, or Parisians; but the costume of the country folks is +rather funny. A farmer's wife, when out for a holiday, wears a large +kind of gipsy hat, like a small umbrella, lined with damask; a close +jacket with long flaps; and full short thick coloured petticoats. Her +slippers are yellow, her stockings blue, and her cap is without a +border, being made to fit her head exactly, and gaily ornamented with +gold filagree clasps; while her costume is finished by a pair of +earrings and a necklace. The farmer himself wears a hat without a rim, +and huge silver buttons on his coat; and keeps whiffing away at his +pipe, which he is seldom without. The Dutch are most excellent +gardeners, though they sometimes ruin themselves by their love for +flowers. + +Among the articles that have been sent here from Switzerland, are +several well worth looking at, they are so wonderfully ingenious. Of +this kind are two boxes, one of white wood, and the other of brown; +the white has a lovely Alpine rose, with garlands of flowers upon the +sides, the rose and lid being cut out of one piece of wood, and so +beautifully made to imitate nature, that the slightest touch with the +point of a knife or a needle, makes the leaves move and quiver without +spoiling the flower. This was made by a Swiss peasant. The people of +Switzerland are very remarkable for their industry, contentment, and +ingenuity. + +Among the villagers, their chief occupations are the management of +dairies, and the breeding of cattle; and many of the peasantry make a +living by hunting the chamois, as the wild goat is called. This is +rather a dangerous employment, yet the chamois-hunters delight in it; +they carry a long hook pointed with an iron spike, and with the help +of this, they leap from rock to rock, over frightful chasms and +precipices; yet such is their surprising activity, that they are never +killed. Other peasants earn a livelihood by fattening and preparing +snails for market; for these creatures are considered a great delicacy +in many parts of Switzerland. In another part of the country the +inhabitants almost exclusively follow the trade of watch-making, and +polishing the crystals and pebbles that are found in the mountains, +Geneva, a city of Switzerland, is celebrated for the watches that are +made there. + +The women are extremely domestic, delighting in their children; and +all the Swiss are remarkable for their passionate love of home. In +every village there is a school, established by the Government for +the instruction of poor children. The Swiss are the most graceful of +all peasants, and wear very smart costumes. The men wear large hats, +and their dress is generally a brown cloth jacket without sleeves, and +puffed breeches of ticking. The women have short blue petticoats, a +cherry-coloured boddice, full white sleeves fastened above the elbow, +and a muslin kerchief thrown round their necks; while their hair is +plaited, and twisted about their heads. They also wear pretty flat +straw hats, ornamented with bows of ribbon. + +The scenery of Switzerland is of the most charming and romantic +description; there are towering mountains, craggy rocks, steep +precipices, with foaming torrents dashing down their sides, and dizzy +heights, which I should be sorry any of my little friends were looking +down. But these are delightfully intermixed with beautiful valleys, +adorned with groves of fir, beech, and chestnut trees; clear lakes, +rapid rivers, cataracts, and bridges of one arch reaching an immense +distance from rock to rock. Portions of the mountains are covered with +villages and scattered cottages; and the inside of the dwellings are +so neat and look so comfortable, that you could almost wish to live in +one of them, if you were not told that there is a perpetual danger of +their being buried under one of the enormous masses of snow that +frequently roll from the tops of the mountains, and destroy everything +in their way. These masses are called Avalanches. + +Between the summits of the highest of the mountains are valleys of +ice, frozen into many fantastic shapes, formed by one crust of ice +growing hard over another; but what is more extraordinary, is that the +borders of these glaciers, as they are called, are fertile: +strawberries, wild cherries, nuts, barberries, and mulberries, grow +there; and goats browse on the most inaccessible parts of the rocks, +and bound with the most surprising agility from one cliff to another. + +[Illustration] + +Several contributions have been sent by the Prussians and Austrians; +woollens, minerals, linens, china, and other things. + +The Prussians are a very polite and well-educated people, and nowhere +are there more schools than in their country. + +Prussia itself is an extremely pleasant place, and the towns are fine, +with wide, regular streets, and high antique-looking houses; the +streets are mostly lined with trees, which look pretty enough while +their leaves are green, but rather prevent the free circulation of +air. The Prussian ladies delight in fine clothes, and would be much +vexed if they were obliged to go out without them. The gentry speak +French, but the common people talk German. The beautiful Dresden china +we see at the Exhibition, cames from the town of Dresden. + +Austria is a very fine country, and contains a great variety of +people. The principal artizans are tanners, furriers, boot makers, +lace workers, and cabinet makers. There are also workers in iron, +copper, alum, saltpetre, besides many others. The general habits of +the Austrians are like those of the Germans, so I do not think I need +tell you anything about them. + +The Poles and Hungarians have also sent their industrial productions +to the Great Exhibition; cloth, lace, furniture, brooms, linens, +woollens, and other articles. I dare say you have heard a good deal +lately about the Hungarians, when they were fighting against the +Austrians and Russians. The Hungarian peasants are very hard-working; +indeed, they cannot help being so, for as the nobility and gentry are +not taxed, the poor people are forced to pay all the taxes, besides +being obliged to give money and provisions to their masters, the Lords +of the Manor, who, I am sorry to say, are excessively tyrannical. They +are also compelled to pay tithes to the clergy, the magistrates, and +the soldiers, and to work for nothing on the public works; against +which bad laws they fought. Agriculture, and the breeding of cattle, +are carried on to a considerable extent. + +Hungary is occupied by a variety of people, with entirely different +habits; it contains Frenchmen, Sclavonians, Turks, Jews, Spaniards, +Gipsies, Germans, and Greeks. The Magyar language, the original +Hungarian tongue, is spoken by the peasants; but in the cities the +people mostly use German and French. + +The Poles live in a cold, flat, marshy country, in the north of +Europe. The peasantry are in a miserable state, very dirty and +frequently drunken; and their land is in a wretched condition. + +The Swedish and Danish people have made many things to be exhibited in +the World's Fair. Sweden is in the north of Europe, and the climate is +very disagreeable, for it is extremely cold in winter, and intolerably +hot in summer. The people do not live very luxuriantly; their bread is +not only black and coarse, but so hard that they are sometimes obliged +to break it with a hatchet; and this, with dried fish, and salt meat, +forms the chief part of their food. Yet they are very hardy and +contented. At Michaelmas, they kill their cattle and salt them, for +the winter and spring. Their favourite drink is beer, and they delight +in malt spirits; some of them have tea and coffee. Their houses are +generally built of wood, and their cottages are made of rough logs; +the roofs are covered with turf, on which the goats browse. The +Swedish women do everything that men are employed to do in other +countries; they plough, sow, and thresh, and work with the +bricklayers; the country women, as well as the ladies, wear veils to +shade their faces from the glare of the snow in winter, and from the +scorching rays of the sun reflected from the barren rocks in summer. + +[Illustration] + +The iron mines of Sweden are exceedingly useful; they furnish great +quantities of metal, to be exported to England, for the use of our +steel manufactories. The extensive forests supply numerous pine trees, +which are cut down and sent to foreign countries, for ship and house +building; while pitch and tar are made from the sap,--a preparation +which gives employment to many of the inhabitants. + +The Swedes contrive to make things from materials we should throw away +as good for nothing; they twist rope from hogs'-bristles, horses' +manes, and the bark of trees; and form bridles of eel-skins. The +coarse cloth they wear they make themselves, for the women are +continually busy spinning or weaving. Sweden is the birth-place of the +famous botanist, Linnaeus, and the charming singer, Jenny Lind. + +Norway is united to Sweden, but it is still colder in winter and +hotter in summer. The people live very simply, mostly on milk, cheese, +and dried fish; and sometimes they have slices of meat, sprinkled with +salt and dried in the wind. In some parts of the country, the people +make bread of the bark of the pine tree; and in winter, for want of +hay, they are obliged to feed their cattle on dried fish. The houses +are built of wood, and many of the roads are made of the same +material; while wooden fences are used instead of hedges. The +Norwegians send metals, minerals, salt, butter, dried fish, and furs, +to other countries. + +Denmark is a very fine country, perfectly level, except a single ridge +of mountains. Its chief products are grain, tobacco, flax, madder, and +hops. There are a great many mines, but few manufactures carried on; +though the Danish gloves are much esteemed. The climate is generally +rather warm, but very wet. The Danes are mostly well-educated; they +are like the Swedes in their manners and customs. They have sent many +specimens of their industry to the Great Exhibition. + +[Illustration] + +Why, who would have thought of seeing Persian and Egyptian +contributions at the Exhibition? + +And such splendid articles as they are! Persia, you know, is a rich +and fertile country, near Russia, in Asia; but although it has many +beautiful flowers and fruits, yet is there very little timber; owing +to which they have no shipping. The Persians delight in fine clothes +on which they lavish the greater part of their money, and they are +fonder of scarlet, or crimson, than of any other colour. They are very +skilful in dyeing, in making silks, shagreen, morocco, gold and silver +ornaments; and they form excellent swords and weapons. Their commerce +with Turkey, China, Arabia, and other places, is carried on by means +of what they call "caravans," which are large companies of merchants, +who travel together for the sake of security from thieves, by whom +however, they are often robbed; these companies have frequently more +than a thousand camels, to carry their luggage and their goods; and in +consequence of the excessive heat, they are obliged to journey mostly +in the early morning, and rest during the day. The Persians live +chiefly on rice, fruit, and coffee, and eat very little meat; they +luxuriate in baths, and the poorest amongst them endeavour to have a +horse. They use the Turkish language, and are nearly all Mahometans; +they used to worship the sun and fire, though very few continue to do +so still. The Persian ladies never appear in the streets or any other +public place, without having long veils, in order to conceal their +faces, as the Turkish ladies do. The Persians are very like the Turks +in their manners and customs, which I described to you before. + +Egypt was, formerly, a mighty empire, and had rich and haughty kings, +who adorned it with magnificent temples and palaces. I dare say you +remember what you have read of it in the history of Joseph and his +brethren, and in that of Moses. It was here that Solomon built his +magnificent and gorgeous Temple. It is now, however, an exceedingly +mean country, and is governed by a Turkish Pacha, whose grandfather +contrived to make himself master of Egypt, as well as of Syria and +Palestine. The climate of Egypt is excessively hot,--in fact, the +nights in spring are the only pleasant part of the year. The nights in +autumn are also very fine,--even delicious; and the rays of the moon +are so bright that the natives, who sleep in the open air, cover their +eyes to prevent their being injured by the brilliancy. The greater +portion of the land is covered with burning sands; but wherever the +waters of the river Nile have been conducted by canals, and allowed to +flow over the country, the earth becomes fertile, and fruits thrive +luxuriantly. There are but few garden flowers, but roses are +extensively cultivated, the attar of roses forming an article of +commerce. + +There are many valuable minerals found in the earth; and beautiful +marble, alabaster, salt, alum, and other useful things. The woods, +marshes, plains, and rivers supply a variety of animals, most of them +wild and ferocious. It was in Egypt that the Hippopotamus was found. +The people devote themselves to agriculture, the rearing of bees, and +poultry; they also carry on an important trade with other countries. +Most of the Egyptians are strong, of a tawny complexion, and of a gay +disposition. They luxuriate in water; and esteem it the height of +enjoyment to sit by a fountain, smoking their pipes; they are +excessively fond of bathing. Cairo, the capital of Egypt, is a large +city, with irregular unpaved streets, and brick houses, with flat +roofs. There are a good many small manufactories; and some schools, a +printing-office, and a large library. There are numerous magnificent +fountains in the city, which are indispensable on account of the +intense heat; and more than a thousand shops for selling cups of +coffee, of which the Egyptians are very fond; these coffee shops are +called _rahwehs_. All along the river Nile the banks show signs of +industry; cotton, tobacco, and other produce being grown down to the +water's edge. The Pyramids of Egypt, the time of the building of which +is not known, are considered one of the wonders of the world. + + * * * * * + +The Greeks have sent some fine stuffs; their silk manufactures are +really beautiful, and their sculptures and feather-fans are splendid. +Greece was a famous country long, long ago, in ancient history, but it +has undergone many sad changes, and was for a long time ruled by the +Turks. The English, French, and Russians rid it from Turkish hands; +but its present government is weak and imperfect, for the numerous +petty chiefs pursue a wicked system of robbery, fighting, and tyranny. +Indeed, many of these chiefs have fitted out vessels as pirate ships, +in order to seize and plunder any other vessels weaker than their own +with which they may fall in. There are, however, many wealthy Greek +merchants; and a number of rich Jews live in various parts of Greece. +The Greek people are beautiful and graceful. The women have fine oval +faces, their eyes are large and dark, their eyebrows and hair are of +deep shining black, and their complexions are mostly pale. They are +very splendid in their dresses; the costume of the men is extremely +like that of the Turks. From having been so long subject, however, to +their Turkish rulers, the Greeks have become artful and cunning. + +The rich ladies and nobles of Greece have fine young slaves to wait +upon them, and amuse them by singing or dancing. These slaves are +bought from the Tartars, who steal them from Russia, Circassia, or +Georgia, and are taken great care of, being taught to embroider, sing, +dance, and deport themselves with elegance and grace. Their masters or +mistresses scarcely ever sell them, but when they are tired of them, +either give them to a friend, or set them free. When they do sell +them, it is as a punishment for some crime, or for being useless. + +There are numerous brigands, or thieves, in Greece, who are divided +into bands, and rob with the utmost impunity. They manage to hide +themselves very artfully in the roads where they expect to meet +travellers, doubling their bodies up behind stones and bushes, or else +lying flat on their faces on the ground, when they suddenly all start +up and surround any unfortunate individual who may happen to pass that +way. There are also honest, industrious people in Greece; and among +them are the guides, men who show strangers over the curious portions +of the cities for a trifling sum of money; and there are the cabmen of +Athens, who are usually very intelligent and well-informed; there are +a number of cabs in Athens. + +The Greek houses have only one story; but there are generally large +gardens, carefully tended, attached to them. The climate is generally +mild, but not so much so as formerly, on account of the cutting down +of the forests. The spring and autumn are delightful; but the summer +is too hot, and the winter is almost a succession of storm and rain. +The earth is extremely fertile, and produces corn, wine, and fruits, +besides the honey and figs you like so much. The people manufacture +silks and cottons, and export quantities of small raisins, which grow +very luxuriantly in and about the city of Corinth. Corinth is one of +the most charming places that you can fancy to yourself, and is +surrounded by beautiful views and the remains of ancient temples, +columns, and statues; groves of fine olive trees border the city, and +the waters of two bays meet near the entrance. The ruins of the +ancient temples and buildings in Athens, the capital of Greece, are +still to be seen; but so little do the ignorant and foolish people, +who have lived in the city in modern times, value these great works, +that they have for hundreds of years used the greater part of the +splendid marbles to build their houses, which are only ordinary and +common-looking. + +[Illustration] + +The inhabitants of Bavaria and Belgium have sent almost numberless +articles of industry to the Exhibition; furs, lace, machinery, corn, +books, furniture, and metals. + +Belgium was formerly called Flanders, and the people produced superior +cloth, hats, cutlery, and other useful things, a very great many years +before the English could make any thing better than the most common +sort of goods. The Belgians are still celebrated for their ingenuity +in making toys, lace, cloth, silk, satin, velvet, and other useful +articles. They are also famous for the culture of flowers, in which +they excel even the Dutch. Every house has a garden attached, which is +frequently surrounded by a moat. The country is small, but every part +of the land is made fertile by the industry of the farmers, of whom +there are a great number; many of them grow flax, which is woven into +linen by the women. There is a weekly market for linen, held at Ghent, +whither the peasantry carry their products for sale, and both men and +women may be seen standing in two long lines, with benches before +them. + +The farms in Belgium are cultivated with great care and attention, and +much resemble the market gardens round London; they all have gardens, +and grow an ample supply of fruit and vegetables. The food of the +peasants, is rye-bread and milk, for breakfast and supper; potatoes +and onions, with bacon and beer, for dinner; they eat off pewter; and +although their fare is simple, it is good and plentiful. Their dress +is somewhat coarse, but it is neat and clean, the men wear blue linen +frocks; and the women have printed cotton gowns, linen caps, and +woollen petticoats. + +The towns and villages of Belgium are numerous, and thickly peopled. +Brussels, the capital, is a fine city, and is celebrated for its +manufactures, particularly for lace, camlet, and carpets. Ten thousand +people are employed there in making lace. It is also famous for its +pottery and porcelain. The other articles made there, are cotton and +woollen stuffs, silk stockings, and earthenware. The carriages built +there, are superior to even those of London or Paris; there is a +specimen of Belgian carriages at the Exhibition. + +There are numerous silk manufactories in Brussels; and the beautiful +linen, called damask, is exported in great quantities. There are +innumerable breweries, too; for no people in the world are so fond of +drinking beer as the Belgians. The people carry on a considerable +trade with foreign countries, by means of the various canals, on which +a vast number of steam-boats are constantly passing and re-passing. + +The upper part of Brussels is magnificent, and has a splendid park +laid out with shaded walks, and surrounded by the palaces, private +houses, and public offices; but in the lower part, the streets are +narrow and crowded, though the market-place is very beautiful. There +are twenty superb fountains in the city, ornamented with sculpture. +The Belgians delight in music, and they hold musical festivals every +year. In the Horticultural Gardens at Ghent, during summer, there are +several concerts performed in the open air; and even among the +labouring people, the songs and pieces of music sung together by +groups of peasants and working people are often delightful to hear; +for in Belgium, as in Holland, Prussia, and over a great part of +Germany, even the poorest children are freely taught to sing in +harmony at school. There are several railways in Belgium, which is a +very great convenience to travellers. The climate is good; and, in +winter, snow does not fall deeply. + +Bavaria is in Germany also, and is celebrated for its manufactures of +iron, glass, paper, hardware, clocks, linen, woollen, and fire-arms. +The people are industrious and careful, excepting in smoking tobacco, +of which they are very wasteful. Industry is encouraged; and several +schools have been established for teaching young men agriculture and +gardening, with the usual branches of education. + +[Illustration] + +We must not forget to see what has come from America. Our Great +Exhibition has been almost as much talked of there, as it has been at +home, and an immense number of contributions has been sent from that +country. Machinery, sculptures, stuffs, carriages, minerals, boots and +shoes, iron-work, and wines, have been dispatched over to the +Exhibition. + +America was formerly inhabited by numerous tribes of Red Indians,--a +wild, warlike race,--of whom but few now remain, and those not at all +civilized; but the greater number of the white people of America are +the same in their dress, manners, and language, as ourselves. + +A large portion of America is called the United States, which is a +Republic; that is, it is governed by the people themselves, without a +king, queen, and a royal family; they appoint a President every four +years. Long ago, the United States belonged to the English, but the +natives gradually grew more powerful than they had been, and threw off +all foreign control. + +America produces every kind of grain and fruit, as well as spices, +dye-woods, and balsams. The people export quantities of natural +productions to Europe, but their manufacturers are not as yet able to +compete with those of what are called the _old_ countries. The +principal manufactures are of cotton, woollen, iron, and leather; +which they exchange with the Red Indians for prepared bark, skins, and +birds' feathers. Mines abound, particularly for gold and silver; and +there is abundance of precious stones. The farmers are a very +industrious and intelligent class, and display much taste and neatness +in their management. + +The finest timber for ship-building is abundant, and easily obtained; +and there are many excellent harbours. Numerous fishing stations are +situated along the coasts, and are very valuable; for fishing is +there a very good employment, and engages many of the natives of the +Northern States. As these fishermen get accustomed to a sea-faring +life, and inured to fatigue, they soon become excellent sailors, and +furnish men for the navy. + +[Illustration] + +The whale fishery is also a valuable pursuit, but it requires uncommon +bravery and skill.--In the United States there are numerous schools +and academies, wherein the children are educated free. + +The rich people in America are free from haughtiness, awkwardness, or +formality, but they do not display the elegance and refinement of the +higher classes in England or France. As for the common people, they +are serious, shrewd, and industrious; but often seem rude and +uncourtly to strangers, for they wish to show their independance by an +annoying surliness of behaviour. A great number of turnpike roads, +railways, canals, and bridges, have been formed, and improve the +country very much, as you may imagine. + +The Americans make works in iron and wood, articles of machinery and +of husbandry, tanned leather, and dressed skins. They are famous for +ship-building. + +[Illustration] + +Peru, which is in South America, is a very fine country, and produces +many useful things, such as tobacco, pepper, jalap, Peruvian bark, and +indigo. + +There are numerous valuable gold and silver mines, which make the +inhabitants so rich, that at one time, long since, they paved several +streets with ingots of silver, in proof of their wealth. There are +whale fisheries on the coasts. Only _one_ specimen of industry has +been sent from Peru! + +[Illustration] + +Mexico is another portion of South America. Its products are numerous, +but the country suffers much for want of water, though the dew falls +heavily every night. The soil is rich, and well cultivated, although +not so carefully as with us. Indian corn is the principal food of the +natives, and is cultivated so generally, that when the crop fails, +there is a year of famine. A drink is also made from it, called +chicha. Sweet potatoes, yams, and quantities of red pepper, together +with vegetables, and fruits, and tobacco, are grown. A kind of plant, +called a cacao, is so highly prized that the grains are used for +money. + +For want of streams, of which the country is sadly deficient, the +mills are mostly worked by animals, and are very inferior; and the +machinery is so bad, that the cotton is separated from the seed by the +hands of workpeople. The principal manufactures are cigars, cottons, +soap, tanned leather, gunpowder, pottery, and hats. + +The rich people use a number of silver vessels, and a quantity of +plate, on account of the want of manufactures of china and glass, so +that the trade of a silversmith is rather good. Boots, saddles, and +coaches, are well made: but the furniture, which is mostly of pine and +cedar, is coarsely and clumsily put together. + +The streets of Mexico are rather wide and well paved; the houses +are ornamental, and the churches and public buildings are +magnificent.--The rich people pass the greater part of the day on +their sofas, in darkened rooms; but in the evening, they appear +arrayed in the most elegant costume, for they are particularly partial +to parties and brilliant assemblies. + +[Illustration] + +There are numerous beggars, called Leperos, who are very drunken and +dishonest; but lively, voluble, and extremely civil; though they will +pick any body's pocket. There are also innumerable Indians, who make +earthen pots very neatly, and use them instead of iron or copper +vessels. + +You have heard of Canada, which is a part of North America, and all +that now remains to England of her vast American colonies.--Well, we +have an enormous canoe from Canada!--I wonder who can have sent that? +A canoe, as you know, is a kind of boat, which uncivilized people, who +live near rivers, use. The canoes of Canada are of a very thin +material, and so light, that the boatmen, in passing overland from one +river to another, generally carry them on their heads. The canoes are +mostly covered with bark, the pieces of which are sewed together with +a particular kind of grass; the bark being usually not more than a +quarter of an inch in thickness. + +The people of Canada, who are called Canadians, are rather +industrious; they make very fine fans, they hunt, fish, and collect +sugar from a tree called the Sugar maple. Their houses are built of +stone, and are plastered, but seldom are higher than one story, except +in the towns, and are made very warm by means of stoves. The furniture +is usually made by the Canadians themselves, and is exceedingly +simple. + +The chief article of food is peas soup, with a small piece of pork +boiled in it, and a dish of thick sour milk. The women and children +scarcely ever drink other than milk and water, but the men are +particularly fond of rum. + +Winter lasts six months, during which time the greater part of the day +is devoted to amusement, principally dancing. Most of the women can +read and write, but the men can hardly do either; and the manners of +both are very gay and light. There are a few lead mines in Canada, in +which silver is also found. Their exports are timber, furs, potash, +grain, and pearl-ash. + +[Illustration] + +Australia has also sent her contributions to the Exhibition. Among +them are specimens of the skins of animals, dried plants, fine woods, +and other things. + +In Australia, there are scarcely any extensive manufactures, but the +natives make some useful things, from the various and curious trees +which abound. For instance, they form the most durable furniture and +weapons from the casuarina or club tree; they make cloth from the +finest bark of the paper-mulberry tree, and cord from a peculiar kind +of flax. There are sago and cocoa trees, which grow to the height of +one hundred and fifty feet, and are thirty feet round. Figs, lemons, +oranges, sugar-canes, gum-trees, bread-fruit, and a kind of pepper, +from which a drink, called ava, is made, are very useful to the +natives. There are mines of a very rich quality, but they are as yet +scarcely attended to. The original natives are very idle, and not very +well off; those who live near the sea shore, catch fish; and those in +the woods, eat such animals as they can get; or climb up trees, for +honey, squirrels, and opussums. + +[Illustration] + +The settlers, who are the people who have gone out from England and +other countries, to dwell there, live in a very comfortable manner; +they have large farms, with flocks of sheep and herds cattle, fields +of waving corn, rice, and wheat; pretty huts, or shanties, as they are +called, and a profusion of the most beautiful plants and creepers. In +some parts of the country there are thriving towns, with good streets, +elegant shops, and fine houses, such as there are in London. + +[Illustration] + +From the West Indies, specimens of industry have also come. Rice, +fruits, sugar, metals, and plants, are among the contributions. + +The West Indians send us sugar rice, currants, raisins, cloves, +nutmegs, cinnamon, allspice, and mace, for puddings; nice nuts, for +our little boys and girls; coffee, cocoa, and chocolate, for our +breakfast and tea; and fine silk, and cotton, for our dresses. + +Under the name of the West Indies, there are many countries:--Cuba, +Jamaica, Hayti, Porto Rico, Barbadoes, and others. In Cuba, are found +mines of gold, copper, and different other metals; there is a quantity +of sugar grown there; and the tobacco is finer than that of most other +islands. The trees are principally ebony, cedar, and mahogany, which +are hewed down, and sent to foreign countries, to be made into +furniture of various sorts. Cedar wood is also used to scent clothes +and papers, on account of its sweet perfume. The Cubans are fond of +bull-fighting, and of cock-fighting, I am sorry to say. Balls and +parties are also a favourite and more innocent amusement. + +In Jamaica, the principal exercise of industry is in growing sugar, +indigo, coffee, and ginger. These are cultivated in what are called +plantations, which are attended to by negroes, who used to be slaves, +and used to be lashed on to work unnaturally hard with whips; but they +are now free in all the British colonies, as I hope they will be every +where, long before any of my little friends, who read this book, may +die. For not only were men and women kept in a state of slavery, but +all their dear innocent little children, both little boys and little +girls were treated as slaves. + +The bread-fruit tree is one of the most useful productions of the +country, it not only supplies food, but other necessaries. Of the +inner bark is formed a kind of cloth; the wood, which is soft, smooth, +and of a yellowish colour, serves for the building of boats and +houses; the leaves are used for wrapping up food; some parts of the +flowers are good tinder; and the juice, when boiled with cocoa-nut +oil, is employed for making bird-lime, and as a cement for mending +earthenware vessels. So you may guess how useful it is to the people +of Jamaica, and yet it is not a native of the West Indies, but was +first brought there by English people, within the last seventy or +eighty years. + +Hayti is now a much more flourishing island than it was; the Emperor, +Faustin Soulouque, does every thing in his power to render it a +civilized and polite country. He encourages all the arts and +industrial sciences; and, in his court is kept up the grandeur of a +great and powerful state; though the Haytians are black people, and +were for the greater part negro slaves. + +Barbadoes is an exceedingly warm country, and is unfortunately liable +to dreadful hurricanes, which sometimes overthrow whole towns and +villages. The products are sugar, cotton, ginger, and rum. The tall +sugar-canes, which grow as high as five or six feet, are set in +plantations and tended by negroes; and the cotton plants are also +taken care of by the negroes, who are almost the only persons who can +work in the open air, on account of the heat. The houses of the +planters are numerous all over the country; and, with the green hills, +and the luxuriance of the vegetation, make an extremely picturesque +scene. + +Since slavery has been abolished in our West India islands, schools +for the children, and chapels for religious worship, have been erected +at the expense of the negroes; numbers of whom have also become small +landowners. + +[Illustration] + +What a number of specimens have been despatched to the Exhibition from +Algeria, Tunis, and the Cape of Good Hope: one, a model of a winged +head, moulded in fine yellow clay, is really pretty; and the preserved +fruits have quite a tempting look. And here are some boxes, made of +most brilliant fancy woods; a few knives, soaps, cigars, herbs, and +specimens of various woods, in blocks and in polished pieces. Here is +also opium, paper made from the palm-tree, articles manufactured from +native woods, with essences, perfumes, and splendid veils, slippers, +caps, guns, and swords. + +Algeria now belongs to France; it was formerly one of the Barbary +States, in the north of Africa, and many very useful plants and trees +flourish there; oranges, melons, cucumbers, cabbages, lettuces, and +artichokes, grow in great luxuriance. The sugar-cane is cultivated +with success; and everywhere may be seen quantities of white roses, +from which a sweet essence is extracted. The stems of the vines, which +the people tend, are sometimes so thick, that a man can hardly put his +arms round them; and the bunches of grapes are a foot and a-half long. +Only think of bunches of grapes half a yard long! they must be +something like those which we read of in the Bible, that were brought +to Joshua, to show him what a fertile country was the land of Canaan. + +Acacia and cork trees grow in the woods of Algeria; the natives obtain +gum from the acacia. There are many mines, but the Algerines make no +use of them. The people themselves are strong in body, and of a tawny +complexion. + +Tunis is another of the Barbary States, and contains a great number of +people,--Moors, Turks, Arabs, Jews, and Christians, merchants and +slaves. All these carry on a large trade in Morocco leather, linens, +gold-dust, oil, woollen cloth, lead, ostrich feathers, horses, and +soap. There are the same variety of vegetable productions that there +are in Algeria. + +[Illustration] + +The Cape of Good Hope is in the south of Africa; it produces fine +fruits and flowers, grapes, lemons, oranges, and figs, but no nuts. +The aloe and myrtle grow to a great size, and the almond and wild +chestnut are very plentiful. There are scarcely any manufactures, but +the farmers keep immense flocks of sheep, and herds of cattle; and +there is a vast quantity of fine wool sent every year to England; and +ships provisions, such as beef, pork, and butter, are supplied to the +vessels sailing to India, Australia, and many other parts of the +world; their other chief export is Cape wine. + +In some parts of this country are large herds of zebras, antelopes, +and giraffes, which are usually preyed upon by lions, obliging the +shepherds to watch their flocks, and the farmers to ride about with +loaded guns. A strange mode, my little readers will think, of being +shepherds. + +[Illustration] + +There have been no scarcity of French contributions; rich silks, +velvets, satins, linens, fruits, woods, herbs, statues, machinery, +furniture, iron-work, glass, plate, and a heap more of industrial +products; and such splendid carpets. In the "Arabian Nights' +Entertainments" we read about the Palaces of Fairies and Genii, with +the floors covered with the richest carpets, and divans and cushions +or gorgeous tapestry, and we long to see these carpets in reality; and +so we shall at the Exhibition, for there are some so magnificent, that +I do not think the Princess Badroulboudour, or the Fairy Queen Pari +Banou, ever sat on finer. And charming little models of ships; and +such beautiful fans. Do you know how many persons it takes to make a +fan? Fifteen; and although those fans at the Exhibition are each worth +several guineas, yet, in France, tens of thousands are sold at not +more than a halfpenny a-piece. The French fan-makers get two shillings +and six-pence a-day each, for their labour. The people of France are +our next-door neighbours, almost; and from being our bitterest enemies +they have now become our most intimate friends, and exchange visits +constantly with us; steam vessels and railways having made the journey +one of only a few hours. + +Paris is the capital of France, and it is the gayest city in the +world; there are theatres, balls, processions, feast-days, fairs, and +more amusements than I can remember. But there are also numbers of +very poor people, who almost live in the streets, and get food and +clothing as they best can. Some, who are called cheffoniers, go about +with a fork and a basket, to pick up pieces of iron, rags, bones, or +any stray valuables, if they can find them, from holes and corners in +the streets, and from the dust heaps; others look for the ends of +cigars, and sell them to be made into pieces of tobacco for the common +people; and a number, I am very sorry to say, either beg or steal. + +Among the peasantry there is a great deal of industry displayed. As +they are all desirous of having a cottage and some land of their own, +lads of fifteen or sixteen years of age, hire themselves as labourers +to the farmers, and receive wages, out of which, and their mode of +living, they save enough money in a few years, to buy a piece of +land. If the land is fit for it, they plant it with vines; for the +vineyards of France yield an abundant harvest, and well repay the +labour bestowed on them. The French wines are among the finest and +most expensive in the world. + +[Illustration] + +The cottages of the peasantry are not remarkable for comfort, being +very rude buildings, frequently having merely a hole in the roof for a +chimney. They are mostly, however, extremely picturesque, completely +covered with vines. The wines, called Bourdeaux, Burgundy, and +Champagne come from France. From the fruit of the olive-trees, which +grow in vast quantities, a fine clear oil is obtained, and this forms +a large part of the commerce of the country. The rearing of poultry is +carried on to a great extent; and most of the eggs sold in London, +which are used by us at breakfast, for sauces, and for puddings, come +from France. Most of the cottagers keep one or two small hardy cows, +which their boys or girls, or old people, are usually leading about by +a halter, to eat the rank grass in paths or road-ways between the +fields. Their milk and butter form a good part of the people's food. + +In Tours and Lyons, there are numerous manufactories for the most +superb silks and damasks; some years ago, there were fifteen hundred +pairs of silk stockings finished each day at Lyons. + +The plate-glass of Paris is now much better than that of Venice, which +was formerly the finest in the world, the plates being of an immense +size and extraordinary clearness. Their tapestry is beautiful; the +tapestry of the Gobelin in particular, for it is just like splendid +painting. Indeed, some of the designs, copied from pictures, surpass +the originals, in point of beauty and brilliancy. There are many +specimens of this tapestry at the Exhibition, both in draperies, and +fitted to pieces of furniture. + +The porcelain made at Sevres is exquisitely beautiful, and is used +for numerous ornamental purposes; vases, tea services, chimney +ornaments, figures, and other articles. The painted papers, which +represent various ornaments in painting, sculpture, and architecture, +serve to employ a great number of people. Watches, cutlery, shoes, +dresses, bonnets, and jewellery, are also a good source of employment +among numerous families. All these beautiful things we shall see at +the Exhibition. + +The forests, in France, are very extensive; and as wood is the general +fuel used, great attention is paid to the growth of the trees. Cattle +and domestic animals are rather scarce, and the sheep are ill-managed; +in winter, they are fed on straw and hay, instead of green food, so +that the French meat is not so good as the English; but they have a +nice way of dressing it. The country people are very simple in their +habits and manners, and very frugal in their way of living; they live +for the most part on black bread, garlic, fruit, and milk. The +costumes of some of the peasants are exceedingly pretty. + +[Illustration] + +What a many thousand contributions have come from foreign countries, +yet even a greater number have been sent in from all parts of our own +dear islands, England, Ireland, and Scotland. Here is a silver +tea-kettle, manufactured from a fourpenny-piece, by a working man. I +think that would grace the diminitive tea-table of the Emperor of the +Lilliputians. And a pair of boat-sculls, made of white ash, and only +the size of writing-pens, which I dare say, the oars of the King of +Blefuscan's barge resembled; these, with a magnificent oar, thirty-six +feet long, are intended as presents for His Royal Highness the Prince +of Wales. + +Here is a scarf, containing twelve miles and a-half of thread, three +millions four hundred and seventy-five stitches, is nine feet ten +inches long, three feet wide, and weighs only five ounces and +a-quarter;--that came from Ireland. Look, too, at that beautifully +embroidered dress; it came from Ireland, and is worth seventy-five +guineas. + +There are many little models of different buildings; and there is a +colossal horse and dog; and two gigantic statues; and there is a +nicely carved oak chair, made by an English ship-carpenter; and here +are cotton stockings, manufactured so fine, that they look exactly +like silk. There are also models of carriages, ships and machinery; +a magnificient epergne of glass, with some large pearls, from Ireland. +A beautiful piece of sculpture, representing the Scottish games, is +the most remarkable contribution which has come from Scotland. + +The English people are celebrated for their industry and perseverence; +they manufacture numerous things, and carry on a alrge commerce with +other countries. The industry of the peasants have made the soil +produce wheat, barley, rye, oats, beans, potatoes, turnips, hops, hemp +and flax. Nearly every variety, of vegetables, and a great number of +fruits, are also grown. There is abundance of timber, which is used +for many purposes; the oak tree is chiefly employed for building +ships. The ships of war are called the "wooden walls of England." + +The domestic animals are taken great care of; sheep and hogs, when +killed, are made into mutton, pork, bacon, and ham. The English cheese +and butter is superior to any other. There are abundance of mineral +treasures found in various parts of the kingdom; indeed, the English +people are greatly indebted to the well-worked mines for their wealth. +At the Exhibition, are several specimens of ores. + +In addition to the rich mines, and the vegetable productions, the +English are celebrated for their superior manufactures, which fame +they are enabled to enjoy by means of the most ingenious machinery, +rail roads, and canals, by which they can easily and rapidly send +their goods, and travel from one part of the country to another. +Cottons, woollens, linens, silks, iron, jewellery, leather, glass, +earthenware, paper, and hats, are manufactured in great quantities. + +I dare say you would be much amused by a visit to Manchester, in +Lancashire, where the art of spinning cotton is carried to a high +perfection. There are more than a hundred and forty cotton factories +in that city, where men, women, and children, are continually at work, +minding the machines, which are about twenty thousand in number. When +you first go into one of these factories, you hear a terrible noise of +whirling and whizzing, and see an immense number of wheels flying +round and round. + +Halifax and Leeds, in Yorkshire, are the chief places for woollen +cloth, the manufacture of which employs the greater part of the +inhabitants. A weekly market is held in Halifax for the sale of +woollens, in a spacious building called the Piece Hall; but in Leeds, +the markets are held two days in the week, in the two Cloth Halls. + +Staffordshire is famous for earthenware; the reason of this is, that +there is such an enormous quantity of yellow clay suitable for that +manufacture, found there. Indeed, there are several towns and villages +formed into a district called "The Potteries;" and in consequence of +the innumerable furnaces, which are always blazing, the place looks at +night as if was on fire. Gloves, lace, and stockings, are mostly made +in Nottingham, where there are several thousand machines for the +manufacture of these things. + +From Kidderminster, in Worcester, we have very fine carpets; from +Gloucester, we have cheese and pins; Northampton is celebrated for +leather; Shrewsbury, for flannel. The great mines are in Cumberland, +Cornwall, Northumberland, Durham, and Derbyshire. However, if I were +to tell you of all the places in England, that are famed for +different manufactures, I am afraid I should both exceed our space, +and wear out your patience, which I should be sorry to do. So I will +now tell you something about London. + +[Illustration] + +London, which you know is the capital of our own dear native land, is +the greatest commercial city in the world; it has been reckoned that +the value of the property shipped and unshipped on the river Thames, +every year, is more than one hundred million pounds. An enormous +quantity of property is laid in the London Docks, at Wapping; indeed, +the warehouse for tobacco alone covers a space of nearly five acres, +while the vaults underneath the ground are more than eighteen acres in +extent. + +More coaches, omnibusses, waggons, vans, and other conveyances, crowd +the streets of London than any other city in the world. You will, +perhaps, be a little surprised when I tell you that in one principal +street, seven thousand vehicles pass to and fro every day. Almost +every kind of manufacture is carried on in London; silk goods, +jewellery, clocks, watches, ear-rings, hats, furniture, instruments of +every kind, porter and ale, with many more that I cannot now remember. +However, you must not think, from all this, there are no poor people +in London; for, unfortunately, there are thousands. Some beg, others +steal, and those who are honest and able to labour, work. But those +who cannot obtain work are very badly off; and persons die from +starvation. + +The industrial manufactures of Scotland are like those of England; the +exports are linens, muslins, woollen stuffs, cottons, iron, lead, +glass, earthenware, leather, and other articles. The chief +manufacture is linen: but manufactures of stoves, and grates, and +many other things, from their immense iron works, particularly from +those of Carron, are also a principal part of the industrial products. + +[Illustration] + +The Scotch people are remarkable for their thrift and prudence; the +lower orders are in general well-educated, and it is the height of +ambition in a Scottish mechanic, to appear with his family in neat, +clean dresses, on Sundays and other holidays. + +The costume of the Highlanders is very picturesque; the plaid is made +of woollen stuff, of various colours, with a jacket, and a short +petticoat called a kilt, which leaves the knees bare; the stockings +are also a plaid, generally red and white, and do not reach up to the +knees, but are tied round the legs with scarlet garters. The +head-dress is a flat blue bonnet, as it is called, ornamented round +with scarlet and white plaid, and frequently adorned with eagle's +feathers. The Highland women go without shoes or stockings, and wear +short petticoats, a plaid jacket, and a plaid scarf. + +Most of the Scotch people are intelligent, and so far advanced in +education, that even the miners in the south have a library, where +they read, and improve their minds; and yet these poor miners were +little better than in a state of slavery two hundred years since. The +favourite musical instrument, with the Scotch, is the bag-pipe; which +does not, however, sound quite so well to our English ears, as it does +to theirs. Their national dances are the Highland reel, and fling, +which they perform with great agility and grace. The sheep and cattle +are rather small, but give exceedingly good meat; and the sheep, in +particular, are valued for their fleece, which is almost as fine as +the best Spanish wool. + +Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, is, in the new parts of it, a +fine clean city; the houses in the old town are excessively high, and +the streets inconvenient; but the streets of the new town are very +broad, and almost all in straight lines; some of them are a mile long. +Most of the houses are built of white stone, which sparkles as if it +was inlaid with diamonds when the sun shines on it. + +The manufactures carried on in the city, are mostly cabinet-work, +furniture, carriages, musical instruments, linens, shawls, silks, +glass, marble, brass, and iron work. There are also many breweries, +for Edinburgh has long been celebrated for its ale, large quantities +of which are sent to London, and other parts of the kingdom, Glasgow, +which is the principal manufacturing and trading town, contains +extensive cotton factories. + +In many parts of the Highlands, the natives are employed in feeding +sheep and cattle, for the markets; and in the valleys, and other +sheltered places, hemp, barley, flax, and potatoes, are cultivated, +though unfortunately most of the barley is made into whiskey. In the +more northernly parts the general employment is fishing. + +[Illustration] + +Ireland is a much warmer and more fertile island; it is celebrated, in +point of industry, for its wool, butter, beef, hides, tallow, cows, +horses, pigs, sheep, potatoes, wheat, barley, oats, and linen. Linen +is the chief manufacture. There are numerous mines, from which are +obtained gold, silver, iron, copper, and lead; all very useful metals, +I think. + +There are also quarries of marble, slate, and freestone; and in +various parts are found coal and turf. In Ireland, turf is the +principal fuel used. The brewing of stout, and a strong bittered beer, +for exportation; and the distilling of whiskey, another strong but +spirituous drink, are other branches of Irish industry. + +Fishing is an important occupation with those peasants who live on the +sea-shore, and near the rivers or lakes. The making of roads, draining +bogs, and improving the land, now employ thousands of poor labourers, +who formerly used to be without any occupation. + +The Irish dairies are well-managed and are generally extensive; many +counties in the south part of the island are occupied almost entirely +by dairy farms. As many as thirty or forty cows are kept on some of +them, for butter is the chief produce, and this is sent into England, +Portugal, and the East and West Indies. Some of the nice butter you +eat on your bread and rolls comes from Ireland. Sheep and cattle are +fed in great quantities on large pieces of land devoted to the +purpose the sheep are large, and have fine wool. + +The mud cabin of the Irish peasant is the most miserable cottage you +can imagine; the walls are formed of clay, which hardens in the +sunshine, the roof is made of sticks and straw, and the floor is the +mere damp earth. It has frequently neither door, nor chimney, and +consists of only one room; the furniture is rarely more than a stump +bedstead, two or three stools, an iron pot, to boil the potatoes in, +and a table to eat them from. Generally, there is a small piece of +land attached to the dwelling, and in this potatoes are grown; the +peasants of Ireland hardly ever eat anything besides potatoes. When +they have enough of them to eat, and a little whiskey to drink, the +poor people are exceedingly jovial and merry; they laugh, sing, and +joke; and go to weddings, fairs, dances, and what are called in +Ireland "wakes," which, among the poor, is a kind of laying in state +before funerals;--but sometimes the crops of potatoes fail, and then +the unfortunate peasants die by hundreds from hunger. The favourite +dance of the common people is called a jig. + +Dublin, which, I dare say, you know is the capital of Ireland, is an +elegant city, with fine houses and good streets. The churches, the +castle, the linen hall, exchange, bank, custom-house, and +post-office, are all very noble buildings. There are also parks, +gardens, theatres, canals, and other ornamental places throughout the +city. From Dublin have been sent models of carriages, specimens of +metals, slates, and linens, and a model of a house made in granite. + +[Illustration] + +I have now told you, my dear little friends, a great many stories +about the industry of all nations, and we have gone through the +World's Show together. We have seen nearly all the useful and splendid +things sent to the Great Exhibition from all parts of the world. I +have told you about Europe, and Asia, Africa, and America; and I must +soon leave you. But before I go, we must have another look at the +Exhibition, and one more glance at those few things which we have not +as yet seen. + +We forgot to examine this magnificent chess-board, worth one thousand +two hundred guineas. You will doubtless wonder why it is such a dear +board, but your surprise will cease when you observe that the +"checks," as they are called, are of mother-of-pearl and +tortoiseshell, while the rim is of beautifully burnished gold, and the +chessmen are of gold and silver, elaborately wrought, and ornamented +with the portraits of celebrated historical characters; one of them +represents the Emperor, Charles the Fifth. I dare say you would like +to play a game with me on this chess-board. As a companion to this +beautiful chess-board, is a very elegant colour box, fit for the +Queen, or the most noble young lady in the land, to use for painting +with. And here is a model of the town of Liverpool, with several +thousand little people in the streets; and these figures are so +exceedingly small, that a thousand of them would fit into an ordinary +sized pill box. + +In contrast to this specimen of a great town in a minute space, we +have in front of the transept a wonderful clock, which is kept in +motion by a set of powerful electro magnets, eight in number, on which +is wound a length of twenty-five thousand feet of copper wire. This +gigantic time-keeper sets in motion the immense hands on the principal +dial, which is twenty-four feet in diameter, besides two smaller ones +which are fixed in front of the galleries, at the east and west ends +of the building. I am afraid that it would tire you, were I to attempt +to tell you exactly what electricity is, and must therefore satisfy +your curiosity, for the present, by letting you know that it is caused +by the coming in contact of different substances possessing peculiar +properties, which cause them to vibrate, when they touch. + +There is another very curious clock in the Exhibition, which will go +for a hundred years before requiring to be wound up again; and there +is one wheel in it which is said would take ten thousand years to go +round once. + +Next there is a case of stuffed birds, which came from Scotland, and +which we cannot help admiring. There are in this case specimens of all +the various kinds of birds which are peculiar to Scotland, neatly and +carefully stuffed; and really they almost look as if they were alive. +Ah, ah! Mister Eagle, you are not so much to be feared now, I think, +as you were when you lived in your lofty home in the Highland +mountains. + +And here is another case in which are all the different sorts of +mother-of-pearl buttons that can be imagined; there is every variety +of ornament on the buttons, which look exceedingly brilliant. + +This immense block of granite, from Scotland, is not quite so pretty, +though it is, perhaps, more useful; it is twenty feet long, and is a +piece of the finest kind and colour that could be found. Another very +useful thing, also from Scotland, is a large lighthouse bell, managed +so as to ring very loud, to warn any ship that is going too near a +dangerous rock or shoal, near the lighthouse where the bell may be. + +Among the more beautiful specimens of industry, there are several +elegant vases made of silver, and of a delicate material called +Parian, which is an imitation of Parian marble; some of them are +ornamented with blue and gold, and others are ornamented with silver. +There is also a splendid tea-service, adorned with charming pictures +of the dear old fables we all know so well,--the "Lion and the Mouse," +the "Wolf and the Lamb," the "Dog and the Shadow," and others. + +Near the very middle of the building, close by the crystal fountain, +there are the splendid iron gates from Coalbrookdale, which look very +magnificent. I fancy Samson would find it rather a difficult matter +trying to bear off _these_ gates on his back, strong as he was. Close +by these gates there is a gigantic statue of our good Queen, on +horseback, which towers high over our heads; and she sits smiling at +us as if she could see us looking so delighted. + +There are several gigantic things at the Exhibition. Here, for one, is +a monster cake, covered with the most superb ornaments; it is four +feet high, and weighs about two-hundred and twenty-five pounds. Yonder +is another monster contribution, an immense map of the busy city of +Manchester; and there is a huge railway carriage; and still further +on, there is an iron wire, one mile long. At a little distance stands +a magnificent bed and bedstead, fit for the Queen to sleep in. It came +from Edinburgh, and is made mostly of materials which can be produced +in Scotland. And in this direction, we can see a set of beautiful +mantelpieces and fenders, from Sheffield, all decorated in the most +elegant manner. The first mantelpiece we must look at is made of +cast-iron; the mouldings of the cornice are richly ornamented, and +supported by little pillars covered with graceful wreaths of +oak-leaves, while the freize is adorned with a cluster of rich fruit. +The next mantelpiece is painted white and gold, and has a burnished +steel grate; while the third is painted blue and gold, and has a +stove made on a new plan, for it is managed so that its own brightness +shall help to throw out the heat of the fire in an equal and agreeable +manner. The fourth and last mantelpiece is painted black, and +ornamented with ormolu; it contains a polished steel stove. Three +ormolu fenders, and five bright ones are placed together with the +mantelpieces; and they certainly make a goodly show. But we must now +leave them, and go on to see some other wonders. + +Here are several most beautiful loo-tables inlaid, and they seem to +attract a good deal of attention from more than us. You look a little +puzzled at the word _inlaid_; I think I must explain it to you, by +telling you that it means pieces of different material let into a +piece of furniture to ornament it. + +There are numerous models of various buildings in the Crystal Palace; +those of York Cathedral, and Chance's Lighthouse, are particularly +well made. There is also a model of the Britannia Tubular Bridge; and +there are models of many of the fine public works of London. + +Here is a pair of scissors made in Sheffield, and ornamented in the +most beautiful way, with a crown for a handle; and yonder are a pair +of cotton stockings from Ireland, spun so fine that they look exactly +like silk, and indeed you would be likely to mistake them for silk, if +you were not told they were merely cotton. + +How brilliant this collection of gems looks; how the stones sparkle! +they have been sent as specimens of the jewels which Ireland produces. +But here are some pretty English agates; and a huge mass of Irish rock +crystal, which is very bright and clear. In a compartment, at a little +distance, we may see a book, bound according to a new method, by which +the leaves are so firmly placed together, that they would not loosen +in ten years' time, no matter how the book was tossed about, unless +they were purposely taken out. + +We must now have a look at the machinery department. Firstly, there is +the great steam-engine that works all the other steam-engines in the +Exhibition, though, of course, you cannot understand it by looking at +it; neither can I, although I know so much more than you do. Near it +is a model of a new agricultural machine for cutting, turning up, and +making into light mould, the clay of fields, so as to make it ready to +receive the seeds to be set, without the farmers being obliged to +plough the earth. There is a machine for making bricks and tiles, so +that people may, if they like, form those materials for building +houses cheaper and better than in the usual way. But here is a useful +machine. It is a measuring machine, by which you could measure to the +smallest size, even to the hundred-thousandth part of an inch! + +Here is a very pretty contribution; it is a model of the house of the +great play-writer, Shakspeare,--of whom, perhaps, you may have +heard,--and it is surrounded by figures representing different +beautiful scenes from Shakspeare's plays. It was made by a workman in +his leisure time: and it certainly does him credit. It is called the +Shakspeare Jubilee. + +Yonder is another piece of ingenious industry; it is a group of +figures showing all the various Scotch games; there is one figure +dancing the Highland fling, another throwing the beam, and all the +others engaged in similar sports. That came from Scotland, of course. + +Let us now go on to look at that splendid design embroidered in gold, +and intended for a communion cloth. Oh! here it is; does it not look +beautiful? But here are several lovely specimens of china, and +earthenware, which would grace the sideboards of the richest house in +the land, I think. Here is a fine marble font, made of Devonshire +marble, which is very nicely carved, as well as I can judge. Further +on, we have some less showy, but more solidly useful articles. Various +kinds of iron, copper, zinc, lead, silver, and gold ores are +displayed, with oils, quartz, stones, coal, &c. There are lanterns on +a new plan, microscopes, barometers, optical and philosophical +instruments, farming implements, machines for melting metals;--besides +hundreds of other articles which we cannot stop to notice more +particularly. There are two or three very interesting models of mines, +with mining machinery, and plans for improving the air of the mines, +so as to make the poor miners more comfortable. And there are other +models of ships, printing presses, looms, and machines for making gas, +which deserve some degree of attention. There is also a new machine +for printing cotton on both sides, which will be very useful, as the +cotton printed with it will be as ornamental on one side as the other. + +There are four splendid and very powerful organs, and several +beautiful piano fortes, in the Exhibition; and there is an accurate +model of Plymouth Breakwater, with a very very little ship attached to +it, and all complete, even to the smallest rope ladder. Plymouth +Breakwater is a vast heap of stones built across the entrance of the +Sound, so as to leave a passage for ships at each end, but preventing +the heavy waves of the Atlantic Ocean from dashing into the harbour. +It has cost more than a million of pounds in money. + +Here we have a beautiful writing table for ladies, which is one of the +most splendid things in the Exhibition, and which came from that land +of ingenuity and industry, Switzerland. It is made of two kinds of +wood, white and red, the Swiss national colours; and is cleverly +managed by machinery, so that by merely pressing a spring, the whole +contents of the desk is laid before the spectator, while, at the same +time, a stand for writing on, and a seat, are produced. It is covered +with figures of men and animals, and with ornaments most exquisitely +carved; and it is a writing table which the greatest lady in England +might use. + +Along the centre of the aisle, or chief walk, are arranged colossal +statues, pillars of marble, beautiful fountains, magnificent feathers, +crystals of alum, crystals of spermaceti oil, specimens of silk +manufactures, from Spitalfields; and fine cutlery, from Sheffield. +There is also an immense dome of iron and glass, forty feet high +which looks very astonishing; and a curious Russian chain bridge, +which is very ingeniously made. Besides these, we have a gigantic +telescope, which attracts a great deal of attention from the crowd of +people who are walking down the aisle. + +In the nave there are several beautiful pieces of sculpture. One is a +colossal group, representing St. Michael conquering Satan; another is +a figure of the celebrated warrior, Godfrey of Bouillon, mounted on +horseback; and a third, is an Amazon, who is just about to hurl her +javelin at a ferocious tiger, who has fastened on the neck and +shoulders of her frightened horse. Here is also a figure of Mazeppa on +the wild horse, which is extremely well made, and, perhaps, reminds +those of my little friends who have seen the play of "Mazeppa" at +Astley's Amphitheatre, of the scenes where poor Mazeppa was carried +along on the terrible horse's back, through brambles, thorns, and +crashing boughs. But what have we here? A grim-looking growling bronze +lion, from Bavaria, who glares at us as if he would be only too glad +to eat us up if he were alive, and does not seem at all the kind of +beast one would like to shake hands, or rather paws, with. + +We have a charming representation of Reinecke Fox's adventures, by +means of stuffed animals, in the German portion of the Exhibition. The +expression of the different animals is very funny, and makes us laugh +to almost an inconvenient degree. The first group represents the fox, +with his rosary in his hand, confessing his sins to the cock, who is +listening very gravely, and reading him a sermon on his wickedness. + +The next group shows the tom-cat, coming to summon Master Reinecke to +court, to answer the accusations brought against him; the fox sets +out, and on his way wounds a poor hare, whom he carries with him. But +we cannot stay to notice all the groups now; only we must just glance +at the fox lying on the sheep's skin, after his repast, for here +Master Reinecke's expression shows him to be so well satisfied and +comfortable that it is very droll. + +In the Russian division we may observe a most magnificent pair of +candlesticks of bronze, gilt, which look exceedingly sparkling and +brilliant, and are the first objects that meet our eyes as we enter +the department. + +In the transept, at the opposite end to where the gates from +Coalbrookdale are situated, are another beautiful specimen of +ornamented gates for a park, in the style of the elegantly wrought +iron work, made about a hundred and fifty years since, and which adorn +the entrances to many of the old mansions of England. Some parts of +these are tastefully gilt, and produce a remarkably pretty effect. + +It would take us more than a month to see everything in the Crystal +Palace, and those who wish to examine all the wonders, must pay +several visits. But we have, I think, seen enough for the present, and +will now leave the Exhibition, if you are satisfied. Perhaps, before I +go, you would like me to describe the ceremony of the opening of our +Palace of Wonders, by our good Queen? If so, I shall be very happy +indeed to oblige you, by telling you all I saw on the first of May. + +Early in the morning of that day,--soon after dawn,--thousands of +people in London were wending their way towards Hyde Park; horses +feet, and carriage-wheels clattered through the streets, and strange +looking foreigners passed along among the crowd, all eager to see the +procession. + +I dare say you would have been delighted with the grand sight:--first +there came a long line of splendid carriages, containing various lords +and ladies, in gorgeous costumes;--diamonds flashing, and feathers +waving; next came a troop of Life Guards in scarlet coats, bright +cuirasses, and glittering helmets: they were escorting the Queen's +carriage, which was followed by a goodly number of other carriages. +You should have heard how the crowds huzzaed and shouted when they saw +the Queen, who looked very much pleased, bowing and smiling to her +people. She entered the building amid the loud cheers and hurras, +followed by Prince Albert, the Prince of Wales, and the Princess +Royal. After staying a short time in the elegant robing-room, which +was fitted up in a single night, her Majesty proceeded to her throne, +between flower stands, and tropical plants, past the Coalbrookdale +gates, and the fountains and statues with which the centre of the +palace is adorned. When she appeared, the twenty-five thousand people, +who were present, rose to welcome her.--Ladies waving their +handkerchiefs, the gentlemen their hats;--and you may readily guess +how splendid the scene looked. Even the sun popped out his head from +the clouds, and poured a flood of golden light in through the +glittering dome of the transept, to illuminate the brilliant +spectacle. + +As soon as Her Majesty was seated on her throne, one of the organs +commenced pealing forth the notes of the National Anthem, the choir, +which was collected for the occasion, singing to the music. After +this, Prince Albert joined those gentlemen who have directed the +affairs of the Great Exhibition, and going near to the Queen, read to +her an account of the Exhibition from the commencement; to which Her +Majesty answered, when the Prince had finished, that she was much +pleased with the description of the proceedings, and that she hoped +the World's Fair would do good to all mankind, by encouraging the arts +of peace and industry, strengthening the bonds of love between all the +nations of the earth, and promoting a friendly rivalry among our +fellow creatures, in the useful exercise of those faculties which have +been given by GOD for the good and happiness of all mankind. + +The Queen having read this answer, the Archbishop of Canterbury +approached the throne, and offered up a prayer to Heaven, intreating +the Lord's blessing on the Exhibition; that it might benefit every +body on earth, making them love and help each other. I hope all that +heard the prayer, joined in it with heart and soul: and I hope, too, +that my dear little readers will think of it when they go to the +Crystal Palace. + +At the close of the prayer, the choir sang the Hallelujah chorus, and +you may form some idea of the effect of this performance, when I tell +you that all the persons who sing at the Queen's Chapel, at St. Paul's +Cathedral, Westminster Abbey, and St. George's Chapel, Windsor, were +all singing together, besides part of the band of the Sacred Harmonic +Society, pupils of the Royal Academy of Music, and many other +songsters, both foreign and English. + +The immensity of the building left scope for the rich volume of sound +poured forth; and you may imagine what an effect the splendid strains +had on the feelings of the multitude of spectators. Indeed, one of the +audience,--a Chinaman, was so excited by the grandeur of the scene, +and the triumphant music, that he rushed forwards, made his way +through the crowd of nobles and ladies that surrounded the Queen, and, +advancing close to Her Majesty, saluted her by a grand salaam, which +she graciously acknowledged with a smile and a bow. A salaam, you must +know, is the eastern way of bowing, and consists in bending the head +until it almost touches the ground. + +When the Hallelujah chorus ceased, the procession was formed for the +Queen to go round the building. First went the heralds, in their +splendid costumes; then a great number of gentlemen, who were more +immediately concerned with the Exhibition; after them, the Duke of +Wellington,--of whom, I dare say you know,--with more gentlemen, and +the Archbishop of Canterbury; and then the Queen and Prince Albert, +with the Prince of Wales, and the Princess Royal, both of whom looked +extremely delighted and astonished with the gorgeous spectacle they +were viewing. The Royal Family was followed by a number of lords, +ladies, and attendants, the procession being concluded by heralds. + +The train first went to the west end of the nave, on the north side, +everybody cheering loudly as it passed. The view varied every minute, +but was always picturesque, and beautiful. Even those persons who were +most acquainted with the wondrous objects that lay on every side, were +surprised by the new and charming attractions displayed. The Indian +collection, and the compartment filled with specimens from the +colonies, were left behind; the department devoted to sculpture, and +other finer products of industry, was passed, and the procession moved +into that portion of the palace which contains the English +manufacturing products. You might then have caught a glimpse, over the +heads of the spectators, of the Furniture Court, where the furniture +is placed; and of the fixed machinery beyond it, the massive iron form +of each machine looking as much as to say "move me, if you can." Then +the procession passed the enormous dome of iron and glass, the two +gigantic statues, the figure of Shakspeare, and the many other objects +which adorn the centre aisle; leaving behind the furs of bears, and +other wild animals, hung beneath the galleries, and the carpets which +lent their brilliant colours to finish the decorations; it reached the +western entrance, where it was reflected in the immense mirror, +exhibited at that point. Then, turning round by the model of the +Liverpool Docks, it was returning on the south side of the nave, when +the gigantic organ placed there, suddenly hurled forth an immense +volume of music, which sounded extremely fine: but every one was +already so much astonished, that I do not think anything more could +surprise them. At length the procession reached the transept, round +the south end of which it proceeded, and then swept into the Foreign +Department of the Exhibition, where great efforts had been made to +receive it properly. The French had collected together all the +choicest specimens of their manufactures to grace the foremost part of +their division; and I am sure you would have admired the tasteful +manner in which the contributors decorated the collection. Some of the +other countries, as their exhibitors had sent in their contributions +sooner than the French, were of course able to make a more +satisfactory appearance. The two organs, from France and Germany, +each, in turn, poured forth their music as the procession passed; and +two or three of the Queen's bands played a march as the pageat moved +round the eastern end of the building. + +At last the procession returned along the north side of the nave, the +cheering and waving of hats and handkerchiefs, which had continued all +the time getting now more joyful than ever; and the Queen returned +once more to her throne. One of the noblemen, named the Marquis of +Breadalbane, then called out in a loud tone of voice, that Her Majesty +declared the Exhibition open; a flourish of trumpets, and a roar of +cannon, told the people outside that all was now concluded, and the +Queen, with the royal family and other attendants, left the Crystal +Palace, the choir again singing the National Anthem. + +In order that the workmen and their families, who come to see the +Exhibition, should live comfortably when they return home again, +Prince Albert has had a model building erected, with four dwellings, +or sets of rooms, each containing all the conveniences essential to a +distinct family-house, with four distinct entrances for the four +different families, such as he wishes every honest working couple in +this country, and indeed every honest couple in all parts of the +world, should possess. And, in order to shew to working men, and to +builders, and to persons of property who desire to do good, how they +can usefully assist their fellow creatures to comfortable habitations, +for the same rent that they now pay for closely-built, unhealthy ones, +he has erected these four model houses under one roof, each of them +dry, warm, convenient, fire-proof, and healthy, and yet cheap. They +are built of very hard hollow bricks, made by machinery, and are +situate at the corner of the barrack yard, near to the Crystal Palace, +and will be shown freely to all persons visiting the World's Fair. + +Now, boys and girls, good-bye; I know you are sorry to see me going +away, and you may be certain I am sorry to be obliged to leave you. +But I hope we shall soon meet again, for I am thinking of coming to +see you very shortly, to tell you more stories and have another talk +with you. So, if you say you have been amused, and have learned +something, by reading these stories, I will pay you another visit +soon, and tell you something more about other things. But in the mean +time, let us hope that the suggestions of Prince Albert, the husband +of our gracious Queen, will do good; and that every body, and every +nation, may become better, and learn more, and love each other more, +in consequence of meeting together, in friendship and harmony, at + + +"THE WORLD'S FAIR." + + +[Illustration] + + + * * * * * + + + + +Juvenile Works + +PUBLISHED BY +THOMAS DEAN AND SON, THREADNEEDLE-STREET. + + +THE FIRST HISTORY OF ENGLAND THAT SHOULD BE PLACED IN THE HANDS OF A +CHILD. BY MISS CORNER, Author of the Play Grammar, Every Child's +History of England, Scripture Parables, &c. 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With +upwards of sixty engravings. + +1s. sewed,--or 1s. 6d. bound in cloth, lettered. + + +SKETCHES OF LITTLE BOYS; The Well-behaved Little Boy. The Attentive, +Inattentive, Covetous Dilatory, Exact, Quarrelsome, and Good Little +Boy. By S. Lovechild 1s. sewed,--Square size, with seven coloured +engravings. + + +SKETCHES OF LITTLE GIRLS; The Good-natured Little Girl, the +Thoughtless, the Vain, the Orderly, the Slovenly, the Snappish, the +Persevering, the Forward, the Modest, and the Awkward, Little Girl. By +Solomon Lovechild. + +1s. sewed,--Square size, with seven coloured engravings. + + +THE THREE BASKETS, Or, THE LITTLE GARDENER, LITTLE PAINTER, AND LITTLE +CARPENTER. Describing how, and in what manner, Henry, Richard, and +Charles, were occupied during the absence of their Father. By Mrs. +Burden. + +1s. sewed,--Square size, with seven coloured engravings. + + +DAME WIGGINS OF LEE, AND HER WONDERFUL CATS; A humorous tale, about +the worthy old Dame and her Seven whiskered favourites: written by a +Lady of Ninety. + +1s. sewed,--Square size, with fifteen coloured engravings. + + +EASY AND INTERESTING HISTORIES, FOR LITTLE FOLKS; BY MISS CORNER, +Author of the Historical Library, &c. + +_Price sixpence each, printed in large type, and embellished with four +pages of descriptive tinted plates, and sewed in fancy wrappers._ + + +THE ANCIENT BRITONS. Describing their Manners and Customs; and how +they were conquered, and Britain was governed by the Romans. 6d. + + +THE CONQUEST OF THE ROMANS AND BRITONS BY THE SAXONS; and an +interesting Account of the Saxon Heptarchy, or the Seven Saxon +Kingdoms in England at one time. + +6d. With four pages of illustrations. + + +THE LIFE AND TIMES OF ALFRED THE GREAT. an interesting Narrative. 6d. +Four pages of illustrations. + + +THE NORMAN CONQUEST; four pages of illustrations. And the manner in +which the People of England lived during the Reign of William the +Conqueror. An interesting Narrative. 6d. + + +ENGLAND, AND ITS PEOPLE IN THE FEUDAL TIMES. + +6d. Four pages of Illustrations + + +THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND; WITH THE MANNERS AND CONDITION OF THE PEOPLE +IN THE MIDDLE AGES. + +6d. With four pages of illustrations. + + +AN INTERESTING DESCRIPTION OF ENGLAND IN THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH +CENTURIES. + +Showing the Condition of the People, and how they lived and dressed +during the Reign of Henry the Seventh, to the death of William the +Third. 6d. Four pages of illustrations. + + +AN INTERESTING DESCRIPTION OF ENGLAND IN THE EIGHTEENTH AND NINETEENTH +CENTURIES. + +Showing the Condition of the People, their modes of life, and how they +lived and dressed from the Reign of James the Second, to that of Queen +Victoria. 6d. Four pages of illustrations. + +_These Eight Histories may be had, bound in One Volume, in fancy +cloth, gilt sides and edges, suitable for a present, price 8s. 6d._ + + * * * * * + + +PLEASANT TALES FOR LITTLE PEOPLE, + +SIX-PENCE EACH,--SEWED IN FANCY COVERS, PRINTED IN COLORS, + +_Each embellished with numerous Engravings on wood._ + + +SQUIRE GRAY'S FRUIT FEAST. + +With an account of how he entertained his Young Friends; and some of +the Pretty Tales he gave to them as Prizes. + +6d. Fourteen engravings. + + +MIRTHFUL MOMENTS; or, HOW TO ENJOY HOLIDAYS. + +A collection of Mirthful and Pleasing Games and Forfeits: with Plain +Directions for Playing each Game, and how to Cry the Forfeits. + +6d. with appropriate engravings. + + +ANNE AND JANE; or, GOOD ADVICE AND GOOD EXAMPLE. + +A Tale for Young Children. By Miss J. STRICKLAND. + +6d. Fifteen engravings. + + +SUNSHINE AND TWILIGHT; or, THE PROSPERITY AND ADVERSITY OF TWO +COUSINS. + +Exhibiting the sure reward of amiable manners and good conduct. + +6d. Fifteen engravings. + + +TROUBLES ARISING FROM BEING TOO LATE; or THE TWO SISTERS. + +6d. Nineteen engravings. + + +A PRINCE IN SEARCH OF A WIFE; or, ROSETTA AND THE FAIRY.--A Trial of +Charity. + +6d. Fifteen engravings. + + +CHARITY WOOD, THE LITTLE ORPHAN. +A Tale for Young Children. By Miss Jane Strickland. + +6d. Many engravings. + + +THE LITTLE TRAVELLER'S TRAVELLINGS IN EUROPE. + +6d. Sixteen engravings. + + * * * * * + + +NURSERY PICTURE BOOKS,--in illustrated covers. +_size 4to. royal,--five sheets of coloured plates in each book._ + + +THE FIVE DIVISIONS OF THE GLOBE:--Europe, Asia, Africa, America, and +Polynesia or Australia. Illustrated for Little Folks, on Five Large +Plates: and done up in a fancy cover. + +Price 1s. plain; or, 1s. 6d. coloured. + + +THE FOUR ELEMENTS:--or, Fire, Air, Earth, and Water. Illustrated for +Little Folks. And the Old English Nursery Rhyme of Simple Simon, set +to Music. On Five Large Plates; and done up in a fancy cover. + +Price 1s. plain: or, 1s. 6d. coloured. + + +THE FIVE SENSES,--Hearing, Seeing, Smelling, Tasting, and Feeling. And +the FOUR SEASONS,--Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter. Illustrated for +Little Folks, on Five Large Plates; and done up in a fancy cover. + +1s. plain; or, 1s. 6d. coloured + + +THE NURSERY RHYMES OF OLD ENGLAND, Set to Music, for Little Folks. +Containing, The Queen of Hearts,--Bye! Baby Bunting,--Who comes here? +a Grenadier!--Little Boy Blue,--and, The Lion and the Unicorn. +Illustrated on Five Large Plates; and done up in Fancy cover. + +Price 1s. plain; or, 1s. 6d. coloured. + + +THE ROYAL NURSERY PICTURE BOOK,--the Nursery Alphabet,--the Royal +Family,--the comparative sizes of Animals,--and a "Morland." + +1s. plain; or, 1s. 6d. coloured. + + +PLEASANT TALES FOR LITTLE PEOPLE. + +An interesting collection of amusing and instructive Stories, for +Young Persons. + +With upwards of eighty superior engravings, 2s. 6d. bound in fancy +Green cloth, with gilt edges and side. + + +VISIT TO THE ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS, REGENT'S PARK. + +A pleasing description of this delightful place of fashionable resort, +and of the nature and peculiar habits of the many rare and remarkable +Animals contained therein. By J. BISHOP. + +Square size, with 12 coloured engravings, and 31 cuts of the animals. +1s. bound in cloth. + + +A GIFT TO YOUNG FRIENDS; OR, THE GUIDE TO GOOD; About the Good +Man of the Mill,--from whom all Good Things come--the Lost +Purse,--Self-will,--the Careless Boy,--the Good Boy,--and the Way +to Save. In words of One Syllable. By Miss Corner. + +Square size, with seven coloured engravings.--1s, in cloth. + + +SHORT TALES IN SHORT WORDS, + +About the Lame Boy,--the Sea Shore,--the Cross Boy,--and the Stray +Child. By Mrs. Burden. + +Square size, with seven coloured engravings.--1s. in cloth. + + +LITTLE CHILD'S ALPHABET OF NOUNS, or BOOK OF OBJECTS: the Letters in +large and small characters; each Letter illustrated by a number of +pleasing engravings of Objects expressive of the Letter.-- + +In large 4to., with the engravings neatly coloured. + + +GEOGRAPHICAL ALPHABET; a new and pleasing Introduction to a knowledge +of some of the most celebrated places, or interesting countries, of +the habitable world. By B. CLAYTON. + +In large 4to., with twenty-six coloured engravings. + + +PETER PALLETTE's PICTURES FOR PAINTING: Thirteen Numbers, price 4d. +each; or bound in 2 vols, 1st series, 2s. 6d. 2nd series, 3s. 6d. + + +WORRET's NEW OUTLINE DRAWING-BOOK; + +A series of progressive lessons, by which the principles of the Art, +as applied to figure, ornamental, and mechanical Drawing, may be +easily and correctly acquired.--ON STONE, BY W. HEATH. + +3s. the set of six numbers; or 3s. 6d. in cloth. + + +EVERY CHILD'S DRAWING-BOOK; Easy and familiar Subjects by HEATH and +BARFOOT. In Seven Progressive Numbers. + +1s. the set. + + +YOUNG ARTIST'S DRAWING-BOOK of EASY SUBJECTS, in Lithography and Ink. +By BARFOOT and HEATH. In 13 Numbers. + +1s. the set. + + +=GRANDPAPA EASY'S COLOURED= + +ORIGINAL AND SPLENDID PICTORIAL TOY BOOKS, + +SIX-PENCE EACH. SIZE, LARGE OCTAVO SUPER-ROYAL. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY'S LITTLE PIG'S RAMBLE FROM HOME. Embellished with eight +coloured engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY's LAUGHABLE STORY ABOUT TOM PEPPER. With twenty +coloured engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY's TWO SISTERS; OR, WHO WOULD NOT BE INDUSTRIOUS? Eight +coloured engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY's 'LITTLE GENTLEMAN,'--GENERAL TOM THUMB. With eight +coloured engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY's NEW MOTHER GOOSE AND THE GOLDEN EGGS. Eight coloured +engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY's LADY GOLIGHTLY AND HER COUSINS THE GRASSHOPPERS. With +nine coloured engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY's NEW STORY OF THE LION AND THE UNICORN FIGHTING FOR +THE CROWN. Eight coloured engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY's PRETTY POETRY, ABOUT TREES, FRUITS, and FLOWERS. With +twenty-seven coloured engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY's JACKO's MERRY METHOD OF LEARNING THE PENCE TABLE. +Eight coloured engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY's PRETTY POETICAL SPELLING BOOK. Twenty-eight coloured +engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY's COUNTRIES OF EUROPE. Embellished with fourteen +coloured engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY's MARQUIS OF CARABAS; OR, NEW PUSS IN BOOTS. With +fifteen coloured engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY's AMUSING ADDITION; A NEW POETICAL NUMBER BOOK. Sixteen +coloured engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY's COCK ROBIN ALIVE AND WELL AGAIN; with seven coloured +engravings. + +_All Six-pence each,--with handsome Coloured Engravings._ + + +=GRANDMAMMA EASY'S COLOURED= + +ORIGINAL AND SPLENDID PICTORIAL TOY BOOKS, + +SIX-PENCE EACH.--SIZE, LARGE OCTAVO SUPER ROYAL. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY's NEW STORIES ABOUT THE ALPHABET. With twenty-six +coloured engravings. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY's MERRY MULTIPLICATION. With seventeen coloured +engravings. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY's NEW STORY ABOUT OLD DADDY LONGLEGS. Illustrated with +eight coloured engravings. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY's NEW STORY ABOUT LITTLE JACK HORNER. With eight +coloured engravings. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY's MICHAELMAS DAY, OR, FATE OF POOR MOLLY GOOSEY. Eight +coloured engravings. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY's ALDERMAN's FEAST: A NEW ALPHABET. Illustrated with +eight coloured engravings. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY's ACCOUNT OF THE PUBLIC BUILDINGS OF LONDON. With +twelve coloured engravings. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY's WONDERS OF A TOY-SHOP. Embellished with eight +coloured engravings. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY's NEW STORY OF THE QUEEN OF HEARTS. With eight +coloured engravings. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY's NEW STORY ABOUT LITTLE TOM THUMB AND HIS MOTHER. +Eight coloured plates. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY's PRETTY STORIES ABOUT THE ELEPHANT. Embellished with +eight coloured engravings. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY's PRETTY STORIES ABOUT THE CAMEL. With nine coloured +engravings. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY's TRAVELS OF LITTLE MATTY MACARONI. With nine coloured +engravings. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY's DAME BANTRY AND HER CAT; A HUMOUROUS TALE; with +seven coloured engravings. + + +_All Six-pence each,--with handsome Coloured Engravings._ + + +=NEW SERIES OF ORIGINAL PICTORIAL TOY BOOKS.= + +SIX-PENCE EACH, WITH SPLENDID COLOURED ENGRAVINGS. + +ENTITLED + +=COUSIN HONEYCOMB'S= + + +AMUSING MULTIPLICATION; illustrated and explained, in twenty +appropriate engravings. + + +AMUSING SUBSTRACTION; rendered easy and plain by twenty-three +appropriate engravings. + + +AMUSING DIVISION, made familiar to the opening mind, by twenty-three +appropriate engravings. + + +AMUSING PENCE TABLE; in a new, easy, and pleasing manner; with fifteen +appropriate engravings. + + +RAILWAY ALPHABET, shewing all that can be seen in Railway travelling, +exhibited in twenty-four engravings. + + +ALPHABET OF TRADES; exhibiting the working of the several trades, in +forty-one descriptive engravings. + + +NEW ROYAL A, B, C, AND SPELLING-BOOK, in a new and familiar manner: +with twenty-six pretty engravings, and twenty-six large ornamental +coloured letters. + + +PLEASING POPULAR RHYMES FOR THE NURSERY, or, the sayings and singings +of infancy, in a new dress; ornamented with twenty-six humourous +engravings. + + +PLEASING POPULAR NURSERY RIDDLES, AND PUZZLES; upon the same plan as +the above; thirty engravings. + + +MY AUNT'S BALL; an ALPHABET; shewing who were there,--what they +had,--and how they behaved themselves,--with twenty-four engravings. + + +A PRINCE AND HIS THREE GIFTS; how he used his three gifts; and about a +good and beautiful lady; with eight large engravings. + + +STORY OF LITTLE JOEY, who came up to London a poor little boy, and +afterwards became a great man;--with ten engravings. + + +TALES OF THE MONTHS AND SEASONS: and what we see and enjoy all the +year round; with twelve engravings. + + +THE MOUSE AND HER SONS; a rural tale;--with eight coloured +engravings. + + + +UNCLE BUNCLE'S ORIGINAL TOY BOOKS, + +SIX-PENCE EACH. + +EMBELLISHED WITH LARGE APPROPRIATE COLORED ENGRAVINGS, AND IN FANCY +COVERS. + + +UNCLE BUNCLE's DEATH AND BURIAL OF POOR COCK ROBIN, AND THE TRIAL OF +THE SPARROW FOR SHOOTING HIM. With seven coloured engravings. + + +UNCLE BUNCLE's NEW STORY ABOUT MASTER NOBODY, and his many wonderful +exploits. 7 coloured engravings. + + +UNCLE BUNCLE's VISIT TO LITTLE JOHNNY GREEN, the best little Boy that +ever was seen, with 7 coloured engravings. + + +UNCLE BUNCLE's TWO LITTLE COTTAGE CHILDREN, and the means by which +they became rich. Seven coloured engravings. + + +UNCLE BUNCLE's ALPHABET OF OBJECTS. Embellished with many coloured +plates. + + +UNCLE BUNCLE's NEW A, B, C. With fourteen pretty and appropriate +coloured pictures. + + +UNCLE BUNCLE's NEW STORIES ABOUT ANIMALS. Seven coloured engravings. + + +UNCLE BUNCLE's COMICAL BOYS, With fourteen coloured plates. + + +UNCLE BUNCLE's NEW STORIES ABOUT BIRDS, Seven coloured pictures. + + +UNCLE BUNCLE's LORD MAYOR'S SHOW; A NEW AND POPULAR MULTIPLICATION +TABLE: With fourteen coloured pictures of the Procession by Land and +Water. + + +UNCLE BUNCLE's STORY ABOUT THE SICK LITTLE ROBIN, AND HIS KIND LITTLE +NURSE JENNY WREN. With seven coloured engravings. + + +UNCLE BUNCLE's STORIES ABOUT LITTLE PETER's VISIT TO THE FARM. With +seven coloured engravings. + + + +=CORNER'S HISTORICAL LIBRARY,= + +FOR + +YOUTH, SCHOOLS, AND FAMILIES: + +PUBLISHED BY DEAN & SON, 35, THREADNEEDLE-STREET, LONDON: + +COMPRISING + + +A COMPLETE HISTORY OF EVERY NATION IN EUROPE, + +_Uniformly printed, each Country in a separate Volume; with +Illustrations from Historical Subjects, elegantly engraven on Steel, +from designs by Franklin, Jones, and Gilbert; and an Accurate Map to +each Volume; well bound in cloth, lettered_; + +COMMENCING WITH THE EARLIEST PERIOD OF AUTHENTIC RECORD, AND BROUGHT +DOWN TO THE PRESENT TIME: + +ACCURATELY POURTRAYING THE NATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND DOMESTIC +HABITS, OF THE PEOPLE. + +BY MISS CORNER, + +_Author of "Questions on the History of Europe," a Sequel to +Mangnall's Historical Questions, &c. &c._ + +The object of these Works,--peculiarly suited to Schools and +Families,--is to furnish the reader with a faithful History of each +Nation, interspersing it with an accurate account of the religion, +laws, customs, national characteristics, and domestic habits of the +people, in the various periods of their History. + +In writing these elementary treatises, one especial object has been +kept in view--that of adapting them to the capacities of young people +and occasional readers: by this means, while they embrace information +and entertainment for all, they attract the rising generation, by +simplicity of language, and clearness of detail, and render +comparatively easy the attainment of a knowledge of the leading events +of History. + +The many high encomiums awarded to these works by the Public Press, +and the very considerable acceptance they have met with in Schools and +Families, are proofs that the efforts of the Author to render +historical knowledge pleasing, and easy of attainment, are not +unappreciated by those to whom the care of the rising generation is +entrusted. + + +THESE SERIES OF HISTORIES, BY MISS CORNER, COMPRISE THE FOLLOWING: + + +THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND; + +A New Edition; with Chronological Table; Twentieth Thousand; 3_s_. +6_d_. cloth, lettered; or bound up with Questions on the History, +4_s_. + +Illustrated with a Map, and five Historical Engravings,--1. Rowena +presenting wine to Vortigern. 2. King John signing Magna Charta. 3. +Henry VII. proclaimed at the Battle of Bosworth Field. 4. Oliver +Cromwell dissolving the long Parliament. 5. Coronation of Queen +Victoria--the Peers rendering Homage. + +"It is important that history meant for young Englishmen should be +free from political poison, and this book will be found +unexceptionable on this score."--_British Banner_. + +"We have much pleasure in stating that this book is in another new +edition, and its merits deserve it; it is well written, and admirably +adapted for a school or reward book."--_Academic and Collegiate +Circular_. + +"Miss Corner's England and Wales, we perceive, has just reached +another new edition, in which the addition of the chronological table +will be a great desideratum; the work is well written, and is equally +adapted for a school, or, indeed, a gift book."--_Bent's Literary +Advertiser_. + +"We know no histories more likely to prove useful and agreeable in the +instruction of children."--_Britannia_. + +"The style of the book throughout renders it worthy of the support it +has secured."--_Gospel Magazine_. + +"Miss Corner has chosen her epochs skilfully, and sketched them in a +manner to make an adequate impression."--_Literary Gazette_. + + +THE HISTORY OF IRELAND; + +New Edition; Seventh Thousand; 2_s_. 6_d_. cloth, lettered; or bound +up with Questions on the History, 3_s_. + +Illustrated with a Map, and three Historical Engravings.--1. St. +Patrick preaching Christianity to the King and Nobles. 2. Lord Thomas +Fitzgerald renouncing his allegiance to Henry VIII. 3. Entry of James +II. into Dublin. + +"The history before us is well executed."--_Literary Gazette_. + +"Miss Corner's style of writing will produce habits of +thinking."--_Morning Advertiser_. + +"The Historical facts, always correct, are detailed in plain and +concise language. This is one of the best class books on Ireland, for +young people."--_Limerick Standard_. + +The beauty of composition throughout the writings of Miss Corner is +singular and fascinating.--_Sun_. + +Miss Corner has acquired a deserved celebrity for the +singularly-attractive and intelligible manner she has in narrating +history.--_Critic_. + + +THE HISTORY OF SCOTLAND; + +New edition; ninth thousand; 2_s_. 6_d_. cloth, lettered; or bound up +with questions on the history, 3_s_. + +Illustrated with a map, and three historical engravings.--1. +Coronation of the infant King David II. and his Queen, at Scone, 2. +James V. taking refuge at Sterling Castle. 3. Queen Mary's escape to +England. + +"We sincerely recommend this history as peculiarly suited to the +meridian of schools."--_Ayr Observer._ + +"This meritorious work is written in a very easy and agreeeble style, +perfectly adapted to the capacities of the young persons for whom it +is intended."--_Times_. + +"We have perused this history with much interest, delighted with the +ease and perspicuity of style, and with the clearness and force of the +narrative."--_Chronicle_. + +"Peculiarly adapted for instructive family reading."--_Caledonian +Mercury_. + + +THE HISTORY OF ROME; + +From accepted English and foreign authorities, as Macpherson's Annals +of Commerce, Keightley's Roman History, Smith's and Adam's Greek and +Roman Antiquities; Dr. Arnold, Niebuhr, &c. With questions to each +chapter, a chronological table, and a map of the Roman Empire; 3_s_. +6_d_. bound in cloth, lettered. + +"Miss Corner's History of Rome will assuredly ere long supersede all +the Roman histories at present used in schools, it is well written, +and the historical facts elicited by the learned labours of Niebuhr, +Arnold, &c, are made to take the place of the fabulous accounts which +have hitherto passed current as authentic history; at the same time +the popular early legends are not omitted, but their doubtful nature +pointed out."--_Westmister Review_. + +"An excellent feature in this history is the continual effort to open +out to the young reader the household life and social customs of the +Romans, for without this, ancient history can have no reality for +children."--_Educational Times_. + +"Its contents form a correct history of the Roman empire, from its +beginning."--_Church of England Journal_. + + +THE HISTORIES OF SPAIN AND PORTUGAL; + +New Edition, Fifth Thousand; 2_s_. 6_d_. cloth, lettered; or bound up +with questions on the histories, 3_s_. + +Illustrated with a map, and three historical engravings,--1. Inez De +Castro entreating the king to save her life. 2. Interview of Columbus +with Queen Isabella. 3. The Cortez taking the oath of allegiance. + +"Miss Corner gives a clear and striking account of the different +kingdoms that at various times were founded in Spain."--_Edinburgh +Review_. + +"So concise and plain as to be at once adapted to the capacities and +volatility of young people, while they are useful compendiums for +adults."--_Times_. + + +THE HISTORY OF FRANCE; + +Tenth Thousand, New Edition, with continuation of events to the +Presidency of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte; 2_s_. 6_d_. cloth, lettered; +or bound up with Questions on the History, 3_s_. + +Illustrated with a Map, and three Historical Engravings,--1. The +Coronation of Charles VII. 2. A French Tilt, or Tournament. 3. +Bonaparte's Expedition across the Alps. + +"The Writer has borne in mind throughout, that simplicity of style was +essential to her purpose, and has selected those facts which are best +adapted to give an idea of the events and the customs of the +successive ages."--_Baptist Magazine_. + +"Miss Corner appears to be an excellent historian for the school room. +She narrates with fluency and clearness, and in a concise and lively +manner, the leading facts, so as to convey the spirit of history, and +indicate the characteristics of the people and the country, as well as +the rulers and famous characters."--_Spectator_. + +"We look upon Miss Corner's work with great interest, as being +peculiarly adapted to the minds of young people, and being free from +that inversion of facts by which history is so often made subservient +to party purposes."--_Nonconformist_. + + +THE HISTORY OF DENMARK, SWEDEN, AND NORWAY; + +2_s_. 6_d_. cloth, lettered; with a Map, and two elegant Historical +Engravings. + +1. A Norwegian Family listening to the Songs of their Scalds, 2. +Submission of the Order of Nobles to Frederick III. + +"The two chief qualities of a good book are usefulness of subject and +cleverness of handling, and these requisites Miss Corner's histories +exhibit in an eminent degree. The frequent intermixtures of government +between the three countries have indeed tended materially to embarrass +this portion of European history, but Miss Corner by an accurate +arrangement of dates, and a judicious connection of events, has set +every thing in a clear light."--_Post Magazine_. + + +THE HISTORY OF POLAND AND RUSSIA; + +3_s_. 6_d_. cloth, lettered; with a Map, and three elegant Historical +Engravings. + +1. Assassination of Demetrius. 2. John Cassimer, worn out by +misfortune, resigning his crown to the Diet. 3. Flight of the +Inhabitants of Moscow at the approach of the French army. + +"This volume forms one of a series of histories for the use of young +persons; the present volume is, however, more descriptive than +historical, which we consider an advantage; the living manners of the +Poles and Russians being much more instructive and entertaining to +young English readers."--_Tait's Magazine_. + +"Miss Corner has succeeded in compressing into a small compass all the +leading events of history, without the slightest obscurity, or without +sinking her book into a dry chronicle of facts."--_Britannia_. + + +THE HISTORY OF TURKEY AND THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE; INCLUDING GREECE, +SYRIA, AND THE HOLY LAND; + +3_s_. 6_d_. cloth, lettered; with a Map, and three elegant Engravings. + +1. Selim II., receiving the Ambassadors of Maximilian, Emperor of +Germany. 2. Mahomet expounding the Koran at Medina. 5. Reschid Pacha +reading the Hatti Scheriff of 1839 to the Ambassadors and Great +Officers of State. + +"The narrative is so well arranged and so agreeably diversified by +occasional remarks on individual and national character, as to render +history attractive even to the very young; and the information is +conveyed in a style remarkable for its unaffected simplicity and +clearness."--_Morning Post_. + +"The leading features of Turkish manners, laws, and policy, are accurately +and forcibly pourtrayed, while the narrative is distinguished for +simplicity, perspicuity, and completeness."--_Conservative Journal_. + + +THE HISTORY OF ITALY AND SWITZERLAND; + +3_s_. 6_d_. cloth, lettered; with a Map, and three elegant Historical +Engravings. + +1. Pope Martin V. riding through the streets of Rome, the Emperor and +Elector leading his Horse. 2. Massaniello haranguing the Populace. 3. +William Tell and the other Swiss Patriots holding their nightly +meetings. + +"Brief, clear, and correct; well adapted for young +persons."--_Leamington Spa Chronicle_. + +"Written with great care and ability."--_John Bull_. + +"A very useful educational book."--_Literary Gazette_. + + +THE HISTORY OF HOLLAND AND BELGIUM; + +2_s_. 6_d_. cloth, lettered, with a Map, and two elegant Historical +Engravings. + +1. Assassination of William of Orange. 2. Admiral Van Tromp shot +whilst animating his sailors. + +"The present, like the proceeding histories from the pen of this +intelligent lady, is distinguished for its conciseness, elegance of +expression, and clearness of detail."--_Manchester Times_. + +"A condensed mass of knowledge, well put together, and prettily +illustrated."--_Church and State Gazette_. + +"To a pleasing, fluent, narrative style, Miss corner unites a nice +discrimination, and never suffers matters which sully the mind to +appear in her pages."--_Surplice_. + +"We cannot too strongly recommend these admirable Histories, and we +feel satisfied that no parent or preceptor can place better works in +the hands of a youth."--_Academic and Collegiate Circular_. + +"Altogether we do not know of a more agreeable or instructive present +for youth; and each history is illustrated with a map and engravings, +which considering the price of the work, are of a superior +description."--_Times_. + +"The authoress shows much discrimination in conveying in language +suited to her readers the results of the laborious investigations of +other scholars."--_Educational Times_. + + +AN ACCURATE HISTORY OF GREECE. + +From accepted Authorities, English and Foreign; as Crete's and +Chambers's Histories of Greece, Smith's Greek and Roman Antiquities, +Thirlwall and Wordsworth's Greece, Smith's Mythology and Biography, +Annals of Commerce, Library of Useful Knowledge, &c. With Questions to +each Chapter, a Chronological Table, Index, and a coloured Map of the +Greek States. Price 3_s_. bound in cloth, lettered. + +We have not met with any History of Greece that contains, within the +same compass, so large an amount of interesting and valuable +information. Miss Corner writes concisely, perspicuously, and +sensibly.--_Westley Banner_. + +A concise History of Greece, well adapted for Schools.--_Cambridge +Independent Press_. + +This is a very excellent compendium of Grecian History, and such are +the merits of the Work that we shall not be surprised at its becoming +a popular educational book.--_The British Mother's Magazine_. + +Remarkably clear in its arrangement, while the simple and easy +style in which it is written, peculiarly fits it for popular +use, it displays much careful research on the part of its +Author.--_Englishwoman's Magazine_. + +Miss Corner has the art of writing so as to be understood by youthful +readers.--_London Literary Journal_. + +By far the best introductory School History of Greece we have ever +seen.--_British Banner_. + +A combination of simplicity of narrative, with comprehensiveness of +detail, admirably adapted for the use of the School-room.--_Douglas +Jerrald's Weekly News_. + +With feminine delicacy, Miss Corner omits what should be omitted, +giving meanwhile a narrative of the broad character and features that +mark the progress of a nation.--_Express, Evening Paper_. + +The results of the best modern scholarship are here given.--_Leader_. + +Miss Corner's Histories require no recommendation of ours to bring +them into notice. This Volume, her History of Greece, is written with +great clearness and fluency, the fabulous tales which disfigure so +many professedly authentic histories of the Greeks are discarded. We +cordially recommend this work for the School-room, or family +circle.--_Gospel Herald_. + + + +Religious Works + +PUBLISHED BY THOMAS DEAN AND SON, + +THREADNEEDLE-STREET. + + * * * * * + +DEDICATED (BY PERMISSION) TO THE LORD BISHOP OF LINCOLN. +THE REV^D. EDWARD BICKERSTETH'S CHRISTIAN PSALMODY; + +_(of which upwards of One Hundred and Fifty Thousand have been used,)_ + +Comprising a Collection of above Nine Hundred Psalms, Hymns, and +Spiritual Songs, selected and arranged for public, social, family, and +private worship, by the Rev. Edward Bickersteth, late Rector of +Watton, Herts. + +Sold at 2s. in cloth,--2s. 6d. in embossed roan,--and 3s. 6d. in +calf,--12 copies, in cloth, L1,--25 for L2,--50 for L3 17s. or 100 for +L7 10s. + +A fine thin paper edition, 2s. 6d. in cloth, gilt edges;--3s. 6d. +roan, gilt edges;--and 4s. 6d. morocco, gilt edges. + +An edition, in large type, is also published, at 4s. 6d. cloth; 5s. +6d. roan; and 7s. in calf. + +To meet the wants of poorer and village congregations, + + +THE CHURCH AND VILLAGE PSALMODY, has been prepared by the REV. EDWARD +BICKERSTETH: consisting of three hundred and ninety of the above +Psalms and Hymns most adapted to public worship; and so arranged as to +be used at the same time with either of the larger editions of +"Christian Psalmody." + +It is published for one shilling, done up in cloth binding:--or 25 +copies for L1;--50 copies for L1 18s. 6d.;--100 copies for L3 15s. + +Clergymen and Congregations may also be supplied with an + + +ABRIDGED OR SUNDAY-SCHOOL EDITION; at 6d. in cloth;--25 copies for +10s;--50 copies for 19s;--or 100 for 37s. 6d. And bound in red sheep, +at 8d;--25 copies for 13s. 6d;--50 copies for 26s;--or 100 copies for +50s. + +ALSO, AN IMPROVED EDITION OF + + +WILLIAM HUTCHINS CALLCOTT'S + +Arrangement of Ancient and Modern PSALM and HYMN TUNES, for the ORGAN +and PIANO-FORTE, adapted to the above, and applicable to any other +Selection of Psalms and Hymns. + +In cloth, at 5s. 6d;--or, half Morocco, 6s. 6d.--25 copies in cloth +for L5 10s.--and 25 in half morocco for L6 10s. + + +THE LIFE OF CHRIST, BY THE REV. T. TIMPSON, Illustrated by choice +Passages from one hundred and thirty-eight eminent British and Foreign +Divines, and embellished with seventy engravings after the best +Masters. + +10s. 6d. elegantly bound and embellished, and with gilt edges. + + +TALES OF THE REFORMATION; an account of the progress of that important +Event; with some interesting tales of MARTIN LUTHER, and other eminent +Men who were involved in its early development. By A.M. Sarjeant, +author of Tales of the Early British Christians, &c. + +2s. 6d. cloth, with frontispiece. + + +THE BIBLE AND THE PEOPLE; A SERIES OF PLATES, Exhibiting the +INESTIMABLE BENEFITS OF THE BIBLE, and its great power as a means of +effecting present and lasting good.--Lithographed by ROBINSON, and +printed on plate paper, + +2s. 6d. tinted;--or, coloured, 3s. 6d. + + +HIEROGLYPHICAL BIBLE; a pleasing Introduction to reading the Holy +Scriptures, numerous words being depicted by engravings, to the number +of Two Hundred and twenty. + +6d. sewed. + + +THE BELIEVER's POCKET COMPANION: + +Passages, (chiefly promises,) from the sacred writings; with +appropriate observations, in prose and verse. By J. EVANS. + +4d. sewed. + + + +=NEW SCRIPURAL SERIES OF COLOURED SUNDAY BOOKS=: + +SIX-PENCE EACH. + +_With coloured Engravings, correctly representing the Costumes of the +People and the Scenery of the Countries in which the incidents +described took place_. + + +THE LIFE OF OUR SAVIOUR. Embellished with eight coloured engravings. + + +TWO BROTHERS; OR, HISTORY OF CAIN AND ABEL. Embellished with twelve +coloured engravings. + + +THE HISTORY OF ISAAC AND REBEKAH. Embellished with ten coloured +engravings. + + +THE HISTORY OF JOSEPH AND HIS BRETHREN. Embellished with nine coloured +engravings. + + +RUTH AND NAOMI; OR, THE AFFECTIONATE DAUGHTER-IN-LAW. With twelve +coloured engravings. + + +ELISHA, AND THE WIDOW'S CRUISE OF OIL. With fourteen coloured +engravings. + + +THE DISOBEDIENT PROPHET; OR, WHAT HARM CAN THERE BE IN IT? With eleven +coloured engravings. + + +THE SCRIPTURE HISTORICAL ALPHABET. Embellished with fifteen coloured +engravings. + + +THE HISTORY OF ABRAHAM. Embellished with eight coloured engravings. + + +ESAU AND JACOB; OR, FORGET AND FORGIVE. Embellished with eight +coloured engravings. + + +THE LIFE OF MOSES. Embellished with seven coloured engravings. + + +THE HISTORY OF SAMUEL; OR, CHILDREN MAY BE WISE. Embellished with +seven coloured engravings. + + +THE SHEPHERD KING; OR, HISTORY OF DAVID. Embellished with eight +coloured engravings. + + +THE PROPHET DANIEL; OR, THE CAPTIVES OF JUDAH. With eight coloured +engravings. + + + +NEW SERIES OF 13 SCRIPTURAL PRINTS, ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE LIFE OF OUR +SAVIOUR. + +_Size, Nine Inches by Fourteen, price, 1s. each, full coloured; or, +6d. tinted._ + + +1 ANGELS APPEARING TO THE SHEPHERDS. And the angel said unto +them--Fear not; for, behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy. +Luke, ii. 10. + + +2 ADORATION OF THE MAGI. And when they saw the young child with Mary +his mother, they fell down, and worshipped him. Matthew, ii. 11. + + +3 CHRIST DISPUTING WITH THE DOCTORS. They found him in the temple, +sitting in the midst of the doctors both hearing them, and asking them +questions. Luke, ii, 46. + + +4 THE BAPTISM OF CHRIST. The heavens were opened unto him, and he saw +the Spirit of God descending like a dove, and lighting upon him, Matt. +iii. 16. + + +5 CHRIST BLESSING LITTLE CHILDREN. Suffer the little children to come +unto me, and forbid them not; for of such is the kingdom of Heaven. +Mark, x, 14. + + +6 CHRIST HEALING THE BLIND. Jesus said unto him, Receive thy sight: +thy faith hath saved thee. Luke, xviii. 42. + + +7 THE RAISING OF LAZARUS. He cried with a loud voice, Lazarus, come +forth. And he that was dead came forth, bound head and foot. John, xi. +43. + + +8 THE WIDOW'S MITE. This poor widow hath cast more in, than all they +which have cast into the treasury,--for she did cast in all that she +had. Mark, xii. 43. + + +9 CHRIST'S ENTRY INTO JERUSALEM. Many spread their garments in the +way; others cut down branches from the trees, and strewed them in the +way. Mark, xi. 8. + + +10 THE LAST SUPPER. This do in remembrance of me. Luke, xxii. 19. + + +11 PETER DENYING CHRIST. And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter, +and Peter remembered the words of the Lord, Before the cock crows, +thou shalt deny me thrice. And he wept bitterly Luke, xxii, 61. + + +12 CHRIST BEFORE PILATE. Pilate asked him, Answerest thou nothing? +behold how many things they witness against thee. Mark, xv. 4. + + +13 TAKING DOWN FROM THE CROSS. When Joseph had taken the body, he +wrapped it in a clean linen cloth, and laid it in his own new tomb. +Matthew, xxvii. 59. + + * * * * * + + +AMUSING PANORAMAS OF ANIMALS,--with their uses and habits,--for +Children.--Eight Animals, with characteristic coloured engravings, in +each book. + +11 sorts, 6d. each. + + +PETER PALETTE's COLOURED SCRAP BOOK; in six parts, each part +comprising six leaves, and each leaf containing several interesting +subjects.--Six-pence each Part;--or + +The set, bound together, 3s. 6d. + + +THE CHILD's OWN SCRAP BOOK OF PICTURES, BY PETER PALETTE. 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Containing, + +An interesting description of the Ancient Britons, and their +civilization by the Romans; the Conquest of the Romans and Britons by +the Saxons; the Life and Times of Alfred the Great; the Norman +Conquest; the Feudal Times; the Manners and Condition of the People of +England in the Middle Ages; in the Sixteenth, Seventeenth, Eighteenth, +and Nineteenth Centuries, to the present time. + +Printed in large type; with twenty-five pages of illustrations. 3s. +6d. bound, suitable for a present, in blue cloth, gilt edges; Or, in +Eight Parts, 6d. each, stitched in fancy wrappers. + + +EVERY CHILD'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND: WITH A MAP, AND QUESTIONS TO EACH +CHAPTER. + +Particularly suited for Children, and for Home, or Infant School +Reading. 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For the use of Schools and +Families. + +Fourth edition, corrected. 1s. 6d. bound in cloth. + + +GUIDE TO GEOGRAPHY: BY CHARLES BUTLER. + +A new, pleasing, and concise description of the five great divisions +of the globe: the empires, kingdoms, and states, into which they are +divided; and the natural, mineral, and vegetable productions of the +several countries; with the numbers, and the manners and customs of +their inhabitants. + +New edition, corrected, 1s. 6d. bound in cloth;--or, with Seven +Glyphographic Maps, and the use of the globes, 2s. bound. + +THE PLAY GRAMMAR; OR, THE ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR EXPLAINED IN SHORT AND +EASY GAMES. By MISS CORNER. 1s. 6d. cloth lettered, with richly +coloured frontispiece, and numerous engravings on wood; or, 1s. sewed +in fancy covers, with plain frontispiece. + + +CHRISTMAS BERRIES AND DAISY CHAINS, FOR THE YOUNG AND GOOD. A +collection of pleasing and instructive tales in poetry and prose, +adapted to the youthful mind. 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A pleasing +description of the nature and habits of the most interesting and +wonderful of the works of God, as exhibited in creation, and recorded +in scripture. With numerous engravings, and eight pages of tinted +illustrations; 2s. 6d. handsomely bound in cloth, gilt edges and +sides. + + +THE ORPHAN CAPTIVE; OR, CHRISTIAN ENDURANCE; A tale of the shipwreck +and captivity of an ambassador's daughter. By Miss J. Strickland. With +seven pages of elegant plates, 1s. sewed, or Is. 6d. cloth. + + +SCRIPTURE PARABLES, in EASY VERSE, for CHILDREN; WITH AN EXPLANATION +OF EACH PARABLE, IN PROSE. + +By the Author of Ruth and Naomi,--the Widow's Cruise of Oil,--Isaac +and Rebekah, &c. 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By Mrs. Burden. + +1s. sewed,--Square size, with seven coloured engravings. + + +DAME WIGGINS OF LEE, AND HER WONDERFUL CATS; + +A humorous tale, about the worthy old Dame and her Seven whiskered +favourites: written by a Lady of Ninety. + +1s. sewed,--Square size, with fifteen coloured engravings. + + +EASY AND INTERESTING HISTORIES, FOR LITTLE FOLKS; + +BY MISS CORNER, Author of the Historical Library, &c. + +_Price sixpence each, printed in large type, and embellished with four +pages of descriptive tinted plates, and sewed in fancy wrappers._ + + +THE ANCIENT BRITONS. + +Describing their Manners and Customs; and how they were conquered, and +Britain was governed by the Romans. 6d. + + +THE CONQUEST OF THE ROMANS AND BRITONS BY THE SAXONS; and an +interesting Account of the Saxon Heptarchy, or the Seven Saxon +Kingdoms in England at one time. + +6d. With four pages of illustrations. + + +THE LIFE AND TIMES OF ALFRED THE GREAT. + +an interesting Narrative. 6d. Four pages of illustrations. + + +THE NORMAN CONQUEST; four pages of illustrations. + +And the manner in which the People of England lived during the Reign +of William the Conqueror. An interesting Narrative. 6d. + + +ENGLAND, AND ITS PEOPLE IN THE FEUDAL TIMES. + +6d. Four pages of Illustrations + + +THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND; WITH THE MANNERS AND CONDITION OF THE PEOPLE +IN THE MIDDLE AGES. + +6d. With four pages of illustrations. + + +AN INTERESTING DESCRIPTION OF ENGLAND IN THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH +CENTURIES. + +Showing the Condition of the People, and how they lived and dressed +during the Reign of Henry the Seventh, to the death of William the +Third. 6d. Four pages of illustrations. + + +AN INTERESTING DESCRIPTION OF ENGLAND IN THE EIGHTEENTH AND NINETEENTH +CENTURIES. + +Showing the Condition of the People, their modes of life, and how they +lived and dressed from the Reign of James the Second, to that of Queen +Victoria. 6d. Four pages of illustrations. + +_These Eight Histories may be had, bound in One Volume, in fancy +cloth, gilt sides and edges, suitable for a present, price 8s. 6d._ + + * * * * * + + +PLEASANT TALES FOR LITTLE PEOPLE, + +SIX-PENCE EACH,--SEWED IN FANCY COVERS, PRINTED IN COLORS, + +_Each embellished with numerous Engravings on wood._ + + +SQUIRE GRAY'S FRUIT FEAST. + +With an account of how he entertained his Young Friends; and some of +the Pretty Tales he gave to them as Prizes. + +6d. Fourteen engravings. + + +MIRTHFUL MOMENTS; or, HOW TO ENJOY HOLIDAYS. + +A collection of Mirthful and Pleasing Games and Forfeits: with Plain +Directions for Playing each Game, and how to Cry the Forfeits. + +6d. with appropriate engravings. + + +ANNE AND JANE; or, GOOD ADVICE AND GOOD EXAMPLE. + +A Tale for Young Children. By Miss J. STRICKLAND. + +6d. Fifteen engravings. + + +SUNSHINE AND TWILIGHT; or, THE PROSPERITY AND ADVERSITY OF TWO +COUSINS. + +Exhibiting the sure reward of amiable manners and good conduct. + +6d. Fifteen engravings. + + +TROUBLES ARISING FROM BEING TOO LATE; or THE TWO SISTERS. + +6d. Nineteen engravings. + + +A PRINCE IN SEARCH OF A WIFE; or, ROSETTA AND THE FAIRY.--A Trial of +Charity. + +6d. Fifteen engravings. + + +CHARITY WOOD, THE LITTLE ORPHAN. + +A Tale for Young Children. By Miss Jane Strickland. + +6d. Many engravings. + + +THE LITTLE TRAVELLER'S TRAVELLINGS IN EUROPE. + +6d. Sixteen engravings. + + * * * * * + + +NURSERY PICTURE BOOKS,--in illustrated covers, + +_size 4to. royal,--five sheets of coloured plates in each book._ + + +THE FIVE DIVISIONS OF THE GLOBE:--Europe, Asia, Africa, America, and +Polynesia or Australia. 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BISHOP. + +Square size, with 12 coloured engravings, and 31 cuts of the animals. +1s. bound in cloth. + + +A GIFT TO YOUNG FRIENDS; OR, THE GUIDE TO GOOD; About the Good +Man of the Mill,--from whom all Good Things come--the Lost +Purse,--Self-will,--the Careless Boy,--the Good Boy,--and the Way +to Save. In words of One Syllable. By Miss Corner. + +Square size, with seven coloured engravings.--1s. in cloth. + + +SHORT TALES IN SHORT WORDS, + +About the Lame Boy,--the Sea Shore,--the Cross Boy,--and the Stray +Child. By Mrs. Burden. + +Square size, with seven coloured engravings.--1s. in cloth. + + +LITTLE CHILD'S ALPHABET OF NOUNS, or BOOK OF OBJECTS: + +the Letters in large and small characters; each Letter illustrated by +a number of pleasing engravings of Objects expressive of the Letter.-- + +In large 4to., with the engravings neatly coloured. + + +GEOGRAPHICAL ALPHABET; a new and pleasing Introduction to a knowledge +of some of the most celebrated places, or interesting countries, of +the habitable world. By B. CLAYTON. + +In large 4to., with twenty-six coloured engravings. + + +PETER PALLETTE'S PICTURES FOR PAINTING: + +Thirteen Numbers, price 4d. each; or bound in 2 vols, 1st series, 2s. +6d. 2nd series, 3s. 6d. + + +WORRET's NEW OUTLINE DRAWING-BOOK; + +A series of progressive lessons, by which the principles of the Art, +as applied to figure, ornamental, and mechanical Drawing, may be +easily and correctly acquired.--ON STONE, BY W. HEATH. + +3s. the set of six numbers; or 3s. 6d. in cloth. + + +EVERY CHILD'S DRAWING-BOOK; Easy and familiar Subjects by HEATH and +BARFOOT. In Seven Progressive Numbers. + +1s. the set. + + +YOUNG ARTIST'S DRAWING-BOOK of EASY SUBJECTS, in Lithography and Ink. +By BARFOOT and HEATH. In 13 Numbers. + +1s. the set. + + + +=GRANDPAPA EASY'S COLOURED= + +ORIGINAL AND SPLENDID PICTORIAL TOY BOOKS, SIX-PENCE EACH. SIZE, LARGE +OCTAVO SUPER-ROYAL. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY'S LITTLE PIG'S RAMBLE FROM HOME. Embellished with eight +coloured engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY'S LAUGHABLE STORY ABOUT TOM PEPPER. With twenty +coloured engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY'S TWO SISTERS; OR, WHO WOULD NOT BE INDUSTRIOUS? Eight +coloured engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY'S 'LITTLE GENTLEMAN,'--GENERAL TOM THUMB. With eight +coloured engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY'S NEW MOTHER GOOSE AND THE GOLDEN EGGS. Eight coloured +engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY'S LADY GOLIGHTLY AND HER COUSINS THE GRASSHOPPERS; With +nine coloured engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY'S NEW STORY OF THE LION AND THE UNICORN FIGHTING FOR +THE CROWN. Eight coloured engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY'S PRETTY POETRY, ABOUT TREES, FRUITS, and FLOWERS. With +twenty-seven coloured engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY'S JACKO's MERRY METHOD OF LEARNING THE PENCE TABLE. +Eight coloured engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY'S PRETTY POETICAL SPELLING BOOK. Twenty-eight coloured +engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY'S COUNTRIES OF EUROPE. Embellished with fourteen +coloured engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY'S MARQUIS OF CARABAS; OR, NEW PUSS IN BOOTS. With +fifteen coloured engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY'S AMUSING ADDITION; A NEW POETICAL NUMBER BOOK. Sixteen +coloured engravings. + + +GRANDPAPA EASY'S COCK ROBIN ALIVE AND WELL AGAIN; with seven coloured +engravings. + +_All Six-pence each,--with handsome Coloured Engravings._ + + + +=GRANDMAMMA EASY'S COLOURED= + +ORIGINAL AND SPLENDID PICTORIAL TOY BOOKS, SIX-PENCE EACH.--SIZE, +LARGE OCTAVO SUPER ROYAL. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY'S NEW STORIES ABOUT THE ALPHABET. With twenty-six +coloured engravings. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY'S MERRY MULTIPLICATION. With seventeen coloured +engravings. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY'S NEW STORY ABOUT OLD DADDY LONGLEGS. Illustrated with +eight coloured engravings. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY'S NEW STORY ABOUT LITTLE JACK HORNER. With eight +coloured engravings. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY'S MICHAELMAS DAY, OR, FATE OF POOR MOLLY GOOSEY. Eight +coloured engravings. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY'S ALDERMAN's FEAST: A NEW ALPHABET. Illustrated with +eight coloured engravings. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY'S ACCOUNT OF THE PUBLIC BUILDINGS OF LONDON. With +twelve coloured engravings. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY'S WONDERS OF A TOY-SHOP. Embellished with eight +coloured engravings. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY'S NEW STORY OF THE QUEEN OF HEARTS. With eight +coloured engravings. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY'S NEW STORY ABOUT LITTLE TOM THUMB AND HIS MOTHER. +Eight coloured plates. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY'S PRETTY STORIES ABOUT THE ELEPHANT. Embellished with +eight coloured engravings. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY'S PRETTY STORIES ABOUT THE CAMEL. With nine coloured +engravings. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY'S TRAVELS OF LITTLE MATTY MACARONI. With nine coloured +engravings. + + +GRANDMAMMA EASY'S DAME BANTRY AND HER CAT; A HUMOUROUS TALE; with +seven coloured engravings. + + +_All Six-pence each,--with handsome Coloured Engravings._ + + + +=NEW SERIES OF ORIGINAL PICTORIAL TOY BOOKS,= + +SIX-PENCE EACH, WITH SPLENDID COLOURED ENGRAVINGS. + +ENTITLED + +=COUSIN HONEYCOMB'S= + + +AMUSING MULTIPLICATION; illustrated and explained, in twenty +appropriate engravings. + + +AMUSING SUBSTRACTION; rendered easy and plain by twenty-three +appropriate engravings. + + +AMUSING DIVISION, made familiar to the opening mind, by twenty-three +appropriate engravings. + + +AMUSING PENCE TABLE; in a new, easy, and pleasing manner; with fifteen +appropriate engravings. + + +RAILWAY ALPHABET, shewing all that can be seen in Railway travelling, +exhibited in twenty-four engravings. + + +ALPHABET OF TRADES; exhibiting the working of the several trades, in +forty-one descriptive engravings. + + +NEW ROYAL A, B, C, AND SPELLING-BOOK, in a new and familiar manner: +with twenty-six pretty engravings, and twenty-six large ornamental +coloured letters. + + +PLEASING POPULAR RHYMES FOR THE NURSERY, or, the sayings and singings +of infancy, in a new dress; ornamented with twenty-six humourous +engravings. + + +PLEASING POPULAR NURSERY RIDDLES, AND PUZZLES; upon the same plan as +the above; thirty engravings. + + +MY AUNT'S BALL; an ALPHABET; shewing who were there,--what they +had,--and how they behaved themselves--with twenty-four engravings, + + +A PRINCE AND HIS THREE GIFTS; how he used his three gifts; and about a +good and beautiful lady; with eight large engravings. + + +STORY OF LITTLE JOEY, who came up to London a poor little boy, and +afterwards became a great man;--with ten engravings. + + +TALES OF THE MONTHS AND SEASONS: and what we see and enjoy all the +year round; with twelve engravings. + + +THE MOUSE AND HER SONS; a rural tale;--with eight coloured +engravings. + + + +=UNCLE BUNCLE'S ORIGINAL TOY BOOKS,= + +SIX-PENCE EACH. + +EMBELLISHED WITH LARGE APPROPRIATE COLORED ENGRAVINGS, AND IN FANCY +COVERS, + + * * * * * + + +UNCLE BUNCLE's DEATH AND BURIAL OF POOR COCK ROBIN, AND THE TRIAL OF +THE SPARROW FOR SHOOTING HIM. With seven coloured engravings. + + +UNCLE BUNCLE's NEW STORY ABOUT MASTER NOBODY, and his many wonderful +exploits. 7 coloured engravings. + + +UNCLE BUNCLE's VISIT TO LITTLE JOHNNY GREEN, the best little Boy that +ever was seen: with 7 coloured engravings. + + +UNCLE BUNCLE's TWO LITTLE COTTAGE CHILDREN, and the means by which +they became rich. Seven coloured engravings. + + +UNCLE BUNCLE's ALPHABET OF OBJECTS. Embellished with many coloured +plates. + + +UNCLE BUNCLE's NEW A, B, C. With fourteen pretty and appropriate +coloured pictures. + + +UNCLE BUNCLE's NEW STORIES ABOUT ANIMALS. Seven coloured engravings. + + +UNCLE BUNCLE's COMICAL BOYS, With fourteen coloured plates. + + +UNCLE BUNCLE's NEW STORIES ABOUT BIRDS, Seven coloured pictures. + + +UNCLE BUNCLE's LORD MAYOR'S SHOW; A NEW AND POPULAR MULTIPLICATION +TABLE: With fourteen coloured pictures of the Procession by Land and +Water. + + +UNCLE BUNCLE's STORY ABOUT THE SICK LITTLE ROBIN, AND HIS KIND LITTLE +NURSE JENNY WREN. With seven coloured engravings. + + +UNCLE BUNCLE's STORIES ABOUT LITTLE PETER's VISIT TO THE FARM. With +seven coloured engravings. + + + +=CORNER'S HISTORICAL LIBRARY,= + +FOR + +YOUTH, SCHOOLS, AND FAMILIES: + +PUBLISHED BY DEAN & SON, 35, THREADNEEDLE STREET, LONDON: + +COMPRISING + + +A COMPLETE HISTORY OF EVERY NATION IN EUROPE, + +_Uniformly printed, each country in a separate volume; with +illustrations from Historical Subjects, elegantly engraven on Steel, +from designs by Franklin, Jones, and Gilbert; and an Accurate Map to +each Volume; well bound in cloth, lettered;_ + +COMMENCING WITH THE EARLIEST PERIOD OF AUTHENTIC RECORD, AND BROUGHT +DOWN TO THE PRESENT TIME: + +ACCURATELY POURTRAYING THE + +NATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND DOMESTIC HABITS, OF THE PEOPLE. + +BY MISS CORNER, + +_Author of "Questions on the History of Europe," a Sequel to +Mangnall's Historical Questions, &c. &c._ + +The object of these works,--peculiarly suited to schools and +families,--is to furnish the reader with a faithful history of each +nation, interspersing it with an accurate account of the religion, +laws, customs, national characteristics, and domestic habits of the +people, in the various periods of their history. + +In writing these elementary treatises, one especial object has been +kept in view--that of adapting them to the capacities of young people +and occasional readers: by this means, while they embrace information +and entertainment for all, they attract the rising generation, by +simplicity of language, and clearness of detail, and render +comparatively easy the attainment of a knowledge of the leading events +of history. + +The many high encomiums awarded to these works by the public press, +and the very considerable acceptance they have met with in schools and +families, are proofs that the efforts of the author to render +historical knowledge pleasing, and easy of attainment, are not +unappreciated by those to whom the care of the rising generation is +entrusted. + + +THESE SERIES OF HISTORIES, BY MISS CORNER, COMPRISE THE FOLLOWING: + + +THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND; + +A New Edition; with Chronological Table; Twentieth Thousand; 3_s_. +_6d_. cloth, lettered; or bound up with Questions on the History, +4_s_. + +Illustrated with a Map, and five Historical Engravings,--1. Rowena +presenting wine to Vortigern. 2. King John signing Magna Charta. 3. +Henry VII. proclaimed at the Battle of Bosworth Field. 4. Oliver +Cromwell dissolving the long Parliament. 5. Coronation of Queen +Victoria--the Peers rendering Homage. + +"It is important that history meant for young Englishmen should be +free from political poison, and this book will be found +unexceptionable on this score."--_British Banner_. + +"We have much pleasure in stating that this book is in another new +edition, and its merits deserve it; it is well written, and admirably +adapted for a school or reward book."--_Academic and Collegiate +Circular_. + +"Miss Corner's England and Wales, we perceive, has just reached +another new edition, in which the addition of the chronological table +will be a great desideratum; the work is well written, and is equally +adapted for a school, or, indeed, a gift book."--_Bent's Literary +Advertiser_. + +"We know no histories more likely to prove useful and agreeable in the +instruction of children."--_Britannia_. + +"The style of the book throughout renders it worthy of the support it +has secured."--_Gospel Magazine_. + +"Miss Corner has chosen her epochs skilfully, and sketched them in a +manner to make an adequate impression."--_Literary Gazette_. + + +THE HISTORY OF IRELAND; + +New Edition; Seventh Thousand; _2s. 6d._ cloth, lettered; or bound up +with Questions on the History, 3_s_. + +Illustrated with a Map, and three Historical Engravings.--1. St. +Patrick preaching Christianity to the King and Nobles. 2. Lord Thomas +Fitzgerald renouncing his allegiance to Henry VIII. 3. Entry of James +II. into Dublin. + +"The history before us is well executed."--_Literary Gazette_. + +"Miss Corner's style of writing will produce habits of +thinking."--_Morning Advertiser_. + +"The Historical facts, always correct, are detailed in plain and +concise language. This is one of the best class books on Ireland, for +young people."--_Limerick Standard_. + +The beauty of composition throughout the writings of Miss Corner is +singular and fascinating.--_Sun_. + +Miss Corner has acquired a deserved celebrity for the +singularly-attractive and intelligible manner she has in narrating +history.--_Critic_. + + +THE HISTORY OF SCOTLAND; + +New Edition; Ninth Thousand; 2s. 6d. cloth, lettered; or bound up with +Questions on the History, 3s. + +Illustrated with a Map, and three Historical Engravings.--1. +Coronation of the Infant King David II. and his Queen, at Scone. 2. +James V. taking refuge at Sterling Castle. 3. Queen Mary's Escape to +England. + +"We sincerely recommend this history as peculiarly suited to the +meridian of schools."--_Ayr Observer._ + +"This meritorious work is written in a very easy and agreeeble style, +perfectly adapted to the capacities of the young persons for whom it +is intended."--_Times_. + +"We have perused this history with much interest, delighted with the +ease and perspicuity of style, and with the clearness and force of the +narrative."--_Edinburgh Chronicle._ + +"Peculiarly adapted for instructive family reading."--_Caledonian +Mercury._ + + +THE HISTORY OF ROME; + +From accepted English and Foreign authorities, as Macpherson's Annals +of Commerce, Keightley's Roman History, Smith's and Adam's Greek and +Roman Antiquities; Dr. Arnold, Niebuhr, &c. With Questions to each +Chapter, a Chronological Table, and a Map of the Roman Empire; 3s. 6d. +bound in cloth, lettered. + +"Miss Corner's History of Rome will assuredly ere long supersede all +the Roman histories at present used in schools, it is well written, +and the historical facts elicited by the learned labours of Niebuhr, +Arnold, &c, are made to take the place of the fabulous accounts which +have hitherto passed current as authentic history; at the same time +the popular early legends are not omitted, but their doubtful nature +pointed out."--_Westmister Review._ + +"An excellent feature in this history is the continual effort to open +out to the young reader the household life and social customs of the +Romans, for without this, ancient history can have no reality for +children."--_Educational Times._ + +"Its contents form a correct history of the Roman empire, from its +beginning."--_Church of England Journal._ + + +THE HISTORIES OF SPAIN AND PORTUGAL; + +New Edition, Fifth Thousand; 2s. 6d. cloth, lettered; or bound up with +Questions on the Histories, 3s. + +Illustrated with a Map, and three Historical Engravings,--1. Inez De +Castro entreating the King to save her life. 2. Interview of Columbus +with Queen Isabella. 3. The Cortez taking the Oath of Allegiance. + +"Miss Corner gives a clear and striking account of the different +kingdoms that at various times were founded in Spain."--_Edinburgh +Review._ + +"So concise and plain as to be at once adapted to the capacities and +volatility of young people, while they are useful compendiums for +adults."--_Times_. + +THE HISTORY OF FRANCE; + +Tenth Thousand, New Edition, with continuation of events to the +Presidency of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte; 2_s_ 6_d_. cloth, lettered; or +bound up with Questions on the History, 3_s_. + +Illustrated with a Map, and three Historical Engravings,--1. The +Coronation of Charles VII. 2. A French Tilt, or Tournament. 3. +Bonaparte's Expedition across the Alps. + +"The Writer has borne in mind throughout, that simplicity of style was +essential to her purpose, and has selected those facts which are best +adapted to give an idea of the events and the customs of the +successive ages."--_Baptist Magazine_. + +"Miss Corner appears to be an excellent historian for the school room. +She narrates with fluency and clearness, and in a concise and lively +manner, the leading facts, so as to convey the spirit of history, and +indicate the characteristics of the people and the country, as well as +the rulers and famous characters."--_Spectator_. + +"We look upon Miss Corner's work with great interest, as being +peculiarly adapted to the minds of young people, and being free from +that inversion of facts by which history is so often made subservient +to party purposes."--_Nonconformist_. + + +THE HISTORY OF DENMARK, SWEDEN, AND NORWAY; + +2_s_. 6_d_. cloth, lettered; with a Map, and two elegant Historical +Engravings. + +1. A Norwegian Family listening to the Songs of their Scalds, 2. +Submission of the Order of Nobles to Frederick III. + +"The two chief qualities of a good book are usefulness of subject and +cleverness of handling, and these requisites Miss Corner's histories +exhibit in an eminent degree. The frequent intermixtures of government +between the three countries have indeed tended materially to embarrass +this portion of European history, but Miss Corner by an accurate +arrangement of dates, and a judicious connection of events, has set +every thing in a clear light."--_Post Magazine._ + + +THE HISTORY OF POLAND AND RUSSIA; + +3_s_. 6_d_. cloth, lettered; with a Map, and three elegant Historical +Engravings. + +1. Assassination of Demetrius. 2. John Cassimer, worn out by +misfortune, resigning his crown to the Diet. 3. Flight of the +Inhabitants of Moscow at the approach of the French army. + +"This volume forms one of a series of histories for the use of young +persons; the present volume is, however, more descriptive than +historical, which we consider an advantage; the living manners of the +Poles and Russians being much more instructive and entertaining to +young English readers."--_Tait's Magazine_. + +"Miss Corner has succeeded in compressing into a small compass all the +leading events of history, without the slightest obscurity, or without +sinking her book into a dry chronicle of facts."--_Britannia_. + + +THE HISTORY OF TURKEY AND THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE; INCLUDING GREECE, SYRIA, +AND THE HOLY LAND; + +3_s_. 6_d_. cloth, lettered; with a Map, and three elegant Engravings. + +1. Selim II., receiving the Ambassadors of Maximilian, Emperor of +Germany. 2. Mahomet expounding the Koran at Medina. 5. Reschid Pacha +reading the Hatti Scheriff of 1839 to the Ambassadors and Great +Officers of State. + +"The narrative is so well arranged and so agreeably diversified by +occasional remarks on individual and national character, as to render +history attractive even to the very young; and the information is +conveyed in a style remarkable for its unaffected simplicity and +clearness."--_Morning Post._ + +"The leading features of Turkish manners, laws, and policy, are +accurately and forcibly pourtrayed, while the narrative is +distinguished for simplicity, perspicuity, and completeness." +_Conservative Journal._ + + +THE HISTORY OF ITALY AND SWITZERLAND; + +3_s_. 6_d_. cloth, lettered; with a Map, and three elegant Historical +Engravings. + +1. Pope Martin V, riding through the streets of Rome, the Emperor and +Elector leading his Horse. 2. Massaniello haranguing the Populace. 3. +William Tell and the other Swiss Patriots holding their nightly +meetings. + +"Brief, clear, and correct; well adapted for young +persons."--_Leamington Spa Chronicle._ + +"Written with great care and ability."--_John Bull._ + +"A very useful educational book."--_Literary Gazette._ + + +THE HISTORY OF HOLLAND AND BELGIUM; + +2_s_. 6_d_. cloth, lettered, with a Map, and two elegant Historical +Engravings. + +1. Assassination of William of Orange. 2. Admiral Van Tromp shot +whilst animating his sailors. + +"The present, like the preceeding histories from the pen of this +intelligent lady, is distinguished for its conciseness, elegance of +expression, and clearness of detail."--_Manchester Times._ + +"A condensed mass of knowledge, well put together, and prettily +illustrated."--_Church and State Gazette._ + +"To a pleasing, fluent, narrative style, Miss corner unites a nice +discrimination, and never suffers matters which sully the mind to +appear in her pages."--_Surplice_. + +"We cannot too strongly recommend these admirable Histories, and we +feel satisfied that no parent or preceptor can place better works in +the hands of a youth."--_Academic and Collegiate Circular._ + +"Altogether we do not know of a more agreeable or instructive present +for youth; and each history is illustrated with a map and engravings, +which considering the price of the work, are of a superior +description."--_Times_. + +"The authoress shows much discrimination in conveying in language +suited to her readers the results of the laborious investigations of +other scholars."--_Educational Times._ + + +AN ACCURATE HISTORY OF GREECE. + +From accepted Authorities, English and Foreign; as Grote's and +Chambers's Histories of Greece, Smith's Greek and Roman Antiquities, +Thirlwall and Wordsworth's Greece, Smith's Mythology and Biography, +Annals of Commerce, Library of Useful Knowledge, &c. With Questions to +each Chapter, a Chronological Table, Index, and a coloured Map of the +Greek States. Price 3_s_. bound in cloth, lettered. + +We have not met with any History of Greece that contains, within the +same compass, so large an amount of interesting and valuable +information. Miss Corner writes concisely, perspicuously, and +sensibly.--_Westley Banner._ + +A concise History of Greece, well adapted for Schools.--_Cambridge +Independent Press._ + +This is a very excellent compendium of Grecian History, and such are +the merits of the Work that we shall not be surprised at its becoming +a popular educational book.--_The British Mother's Magazine._ + +Remarkably clear in its arrangement, while the simple and easy +style in which it is written, peculiarly fits it for popular +use, it displays much careful resourch on the part of its +Author.--_Englishwoman's Magazine._ + +Miss Corner has the art of writing so as to be understood by youthful +readers.--_London Literary Journal._ + +By far the best introductory School History of Greece we have ever +seen.--_The British Banner._ + +A combination of simplicity of narrative, with comprehensiveness of +detail, admirably adapted for the use of the School-room.--_Douglas +Jerrald's Weekly News._ + +With feminine delicacy, Miss Corner omits what should be omitted, +giving meanwhile a narrative of the broad character and features that +mark the progress of a nation.--_Express, Evening Paper._ + +The results of the best modern scholarship are here given.--_Leader_. + +Miss Corner's Histories require no recommendation of ours to bring +them into notice. This Volume, her History of Greece, is written with +great clearness and fluency, the fabulous tales which disfigure so +many professedly authentic histories of the Greeks are discarded. We +cordially recommend this work for the School-room, or family +circle.--_Gospel Herald._ + + + +Religious Works + +PUBLISHED BY THOMAS DEAN AND SON, + +THREADNEEDLE-STREET. + + * * * * * + +DEDICATED (BY PERMISSION) TO THE LORD BISHOP OF LINCOLN. + + +THE REV^D. EDWARD BICKERSTETH'S CHRISTIAN PSALMODY; + +_(of which upwards of One Hundred and Fifty Thousand have been used,)_ + +Comprising a Collection of above Nine Hundred Psalms, Hymns, and +Spiritual Songs, selected and arranged for public, social, family, and +private worship, by the Rev. Edward Bickersteth, late Rector of +Watton, Herts. + +Sold at 2s. in cloth,--2s. 6d. in embossed roan,--and 3s. 6d. in +calf,---12 copies, in cloth, L1,--25 for L2,--50 for L3 17s. or 100 +for L7 10s. + +A fine thin paper edition, 2s. 6d. in cloth, gilt edges;--3s. 6d. +roan, gilt edges;--and 4s. 6d. morocco, gilt edges. + +An edition, in large type, is also published, at 4s. 6d. cloth; 5s. +6d. roan; and 7s. in calf. + +To meet the wants of poorer and village congregations, THE CHURCH AND +VILLAGE PSALMODY, has been prepared by the REV. EDWARD BICKERSTETH; +consisting of three hundred and ninety of the above Psalms and Hymns +most adapted to public worship; and so arranged as to be used at the +same time with either of the larger editions of "Christian Psalmody." + +It is published for one shilling, done up in cloth binding;--or 25 +copies for L1;--50 copies for L1 18s. 6d.--100 copies for L3 15s. + +Clergymen and Congregations may also be supplied with an ABRIDGED OR +SUNDAY-SCHOOL EDITION; at 6d. in cloth;--25 copies for 10s;--50 copies +for 19s;--or 100 for 37s. 6d. And bound in red sheep, at 8d;--25 +copies for 13s. 6d;--50 copies for 26s;--or 100 copies for 50s. + + +ALSO, AN IMPROVED EDITION OF WILLIAM HUTCHINS CALLCOTT'S Arrangement +of Ancient and Modern PSALM and HYMN TUNES, for the ORGAN and +PIANO-FORTE, adapted to the above, and applicable to any other +Selection of Psalms and Hymns. + +In cloth, at 5s. 6d;--or, half Morocco, 6s. 6d.--25 copies in cloth +for L5 10s.--and 25 in half morocco for L6 10s. + + +THE LIFE OF CHRIST, BY THE REV. T. TIMPSON, + +Illustrated by choice Passages from one hundred and thirty-eight +eminent British and Foreign Divines, and embellished with seventy +engravings after the best Masters. + +10s. 6d. elegantly bound and embellished, and with gilt edges. + + +TALES OF THE REFORMATION; an account of the progress of that important +Event; with some interesting tales of MARTIN LUTHER, and other eminent +Men who were involved in its early development. By A.M. Sarjeant, +author of Tales of the Early British Christians, &c. + +2s. 6d. cloth, with frontispiece. + + +THE BIBLE AND THE PEOPLE; A SERIES OF PLATES, Exhibiting the +INESTIMABLE BENEFITS OF THE BIBLE, and its great power as a means of +effecting present and lasting good.--Lithographed by ROBINSON, and +printed on plate paper, + +2s. 6d. tinted;--or, coloured, 3s. 6d. + + +HIEROGLYPHICAL BIBLE; a pleasing Introduction to reading the Holy +Scriptures, numerous words being depicted by engravings, to the number +of Two Hundred and twenty. + +6d. sewed. + + +THE BELIEVER's POCKET COMPANION: + +Passages, (chiefly promises,) from the sacred writings; with +appropriate observations, in prose and verse. By J. EVANS. + +4d. sewed. + + +=NEW SCRIPURAL SERIES OF COLOURED SUNDAY BOOKS:= + +SIX-PENCE EACH. + +_With coloured Engravings, correctly representing the Costumes of the +People and the Scenery of the Countries in which the incidents +described took place._ + + +THE LIFE OF OUR SAVIOUR. Embellished with eight coloured engravings. + + +TWO BROTHERS; OR, HISTORY OF CAIN AND ABEL. Embellished with twelve +coloured engravings. + + +THE HISTORY OF ISAAC AND REBEKAH. Embellished with ten coloured +engravings. + + +THE HISTORY OF JOSEPH AND HIS BRETHREN. Embellished with nine coloured +engravings. + + +RUTH AND NAOMI; OR, THE AFFECTIONATE DAUGHTER-IN-LAW. With twelve +coloured engravings. + + +ELISHA, AND THE WIDOW'S CRUISE OF OIL. With fourteen coloured +engravings. + + +THE DISOBEDIENT PROPHET; OR, WHAT HARM CAN THERE BE IN IT? With eleven +coloured engravings. + + +THE SCRIPTURE HISTORICAL ALPHABET. Embellished with fifteen coloured +engravings. + + +THE HISTORY OF ABRAHAM. Embellished with eight coloured engravings. + + +ESAU AND JACOB; OR, FORGET AND FORGIVE. Embellished with eight +coloured engravings. + + +THE LIFE OF MOSES. Embellished with seven coloured engravings. + + +THE HISTORY OF SAMUEL; OR, CHILDREN MAY BE WISE. Embellished with +seven coloured engravings. + + +THE SHEPHERD KING; OR, HISTORY OF DAVID. Embellished with eight +coloured engravings. + + +THE PROPHET DANIEL; OR, THE CAPTIVES OF JUDAH. With eight coloured +engravings. + + +NEW SERIES OF 13 SCRIPTURAL PRINTS, ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE LIFE OF OUR +SAVIOUR. + +_Size, Nine Inches by Fourteen, price, 1s. each, full coloured; or, +6d. tinted_. + + +1 ANGELS APPEARING TO THE SHEPHERDS. And the angel said unto +them--Fear not; for, behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy. +Luke, ii. 10. + + +2 ADORATION OF THE MAGI. And when they saw the young child with Mary +his mother, they fell down, and worshipped him. Matthew, ii. 11. + + +3 CHRIST DISPUTING WITH THE DOCTORS. They found him in the temple, +sitting in the midst of the doctors, both hearing them, and asking +them questions. Luke, ii, 46. + + +4 THE BAPTISM OF CHRIST. The heavens were opened unto him, and he saw +the Spirit of God descending like a dove, and lighting upon him, Matt. +iii. 16. 5 CHRIST BLESSING LITTLE CHILDREN. Suffer the little +children to come unto me, and forbid them not; for of such is the +kingdom of Heaven. Mark, x, 14. + + +6 CHRIST HEALING THE BLIND. Jesus said unto him, Receive thy sight; +thy faith hath saved thee. Luke, xviii. 42. + + +7 THE RAISING OF LAZARUS. He cried with a loud voice, Lazarus, come +forth. And he that was dead came forth, bound head and foot. John, xi. +43. + + +8 THE WIDOW'S MITE. This poor widow hath cast more in, than all they +which have cast into the treasury,--for she did cast in all that she +had. Mark, xii. 43. + + +9 CHRIST'S ENTRY INTO JERUSALEM. Many spread their garments in the +way; others cut down branches from the trees, and strewed them in the +way. Mark, xi. 8. + + +10 THE LAST SUPPER. This do in remembrance of me. Luke, xxii. 19. + + +11 PETER DENYING CHRIST. And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter, +and Peter remembered the words of the Lord, Before the cock crows, +thou shalt deny me thrice. And he wept bitterly Luke, xxii, 6l. + + +12 CHRIST BEFORE PILATE. Pilate asked him, Answerest thou nothing? +behold how many things they witness against thee. Mark, xv. 4. + + +13 TAKING DOWN FROM THE CROSS. When Joseph had taken the body, he +wrapped it in a clean linen cloth, and laid it in his own new tomb. +Matthew, xxvii. 59. + + * * * * * + + +AMUSING PANORAMAS OF ANIMALS,--with their uses and habits,--for +Children.--Eight Animals, with characteristic coloured engravings, in +each book. + +11 sorts, 6d. each. + + +PETER PALETTE's COLOURED SCRAP BOOK; in six parts, each part +comprising six leaves, and each leaf containing several interesting +subjects.--Six-pence each Part;--or + +The set, bound together, 3s. 6d. + + +THE CHILD'S OWN SCRAP BOOK OF PICTURES, BY PETER PALETTE. 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