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diff --git a/old/14015.txt b/old/14015.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b867e --- /dev/null +++ b/old/14015.txt @@ -0,0 +1,909 @@ +The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Discovery of Witches, by Matthew Hopkins + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + + + + +Title: The Discovery of Witches + +Author: Matthew Hopkins + +Release Date: November 10, 2004 [eBook #14015] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE DISCOVERY OF WITCHES*** + + +E-text prepared by Feorag NicBhride, Andrea Ball, and the Project +Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team + + + +Transcriber's note: In Quer. 11, point 3, 'confession of a With' + corrected to 'confession of a Witch'. Note that + all are Queries with the exception of Quest. 13. + + + + +THE DISCOVERY OF WITCHES + +IN Answer to severall QUERIES, LATELY Delivered to the Judges of +Assize for the County of NORFOLK + +And now published by + +MATTHEW HOPKINS, Witch-finder + +FOR the Benefit of the whole KINGDOME + +M. DC. XLVII. + + + + + + + + EXOD. 22.18. + + Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live. + + + + + + + Certaine _Queries_ answered, which have been and are likely to + be objected against MATTHEW HOPKINS, in his way of finding out + _Witches_. + + + +Querie 1. + + _That he must needs be the greatest Witch, Sorcerer, and Wizzard + himselfe, else hee could not doe it._ + + +Answ. + +If _Satan's_ kingdome be divided against it selfe, how shall it stand? + + + +Querie 2. + + _If he never went so farre as is before mentioned, yet for + certaine he met with the Devill, and cheated him of his Booke, + wherein were written all the Witches names in_ England, _and if + he looks on any Witch, he can tell by her countenance what she + is; so by this, his helpe is from the Devill._ + + +Answ. + +If he had been too hard for the devill and got his book, it had been +to his great commendation, and no disgrace at all: and for judgement +in _Phisiognomie_, he hath no more then any man else whatsoever. + + + +Quer. 3. + + _From whence then proceeded this his skill? was it from his + profound learning, or from much reading of learned Authors + concerning that subject?_ + + +Answ. + +From neither of both, but from experience, which though it be meanly +esteemed of, yet the surest and safest way to judge by. + + + +Quer. 4. + + _I pray where was this experience gained? and why gained by him + and not by others?_ + + + +Answ. + +The Discoverer never travelled far for it, but in _March_ 1644 he had +some seven or eight of that horrible sect of Witches living in the +Towne where he lived, a Towne in Essex called _Maningtree_, with +divers other adjacent Witches of other towns, who every six weeks in +the night (being alwayes on the Friday night) had their meeting close +by his house and had their severall solemne sacrifices there offered +to the _Devill_, one of which this discoverer heard speaking to her +_Imps_ one night, and bid them goe to another Witch, who was thereupon +apprehended, and searched, by women who had for many yeares knowne the +Devills marks, and found to have three teats about her, which honest +women have not: so upon command from the _Justice_ they were to keep +her from sleep two or three nights, expecting in that time to see her +_familiars_, which the fourth night she called in by their severall +names, and told them what shapes, a quarter of an houre before they +came in, there being ten of us in the roome, the first she called was + +1. _Holt_, who came in like a white kitling. + +2. _Jarmara_, who came in like a fat Spaniel without any legs at all, +she said she kept him fat, for she clapt her hand on her belly and +said he suckt good blood from her body. + +3. _Vinegar Tom_, who was like a long-legg'd Greyhound, with an head +like an Oxe, with a long taile and broad eyes, who when this +discoverer spoke to, and bade him goe to the place provided for him +and his Angels, immediately transformed himselfe into the shape of a +child of foure yeeres old without a head, and gave halfe a dozen +turnes about the house, and vanished at the doore. + +4. _Sack and Sugar_, like a black Rabbet. + +5. _Newes_, like a Polcat. All these vanished away in a little time. +Immediately after this Witch confessed severall other Witches, from +whom she had her _Imps_, and named to divers women where their marks +were, the number of their _Marks_, and _Imps_, and _Imps_ names, as +_Elemanzer_, _Pyewacket_, _Peckin the Crown_, _Grizzel_, _Greedigut_, +_&c._ which no mortall could invent; and upon their searches the same +Markes were found, the same number, and in the same place, and the +like confessions from them of the same Imps, (though they knew not +that we were told before) and so peached one another thereabouts that +joyned together in the like damnable practise that in our Hundred in +_Essex_, 29. were condemned at once, 4. brought 25. Miles to be +hanged, where this Discoverer lives, for sending the Devill like a +Beare to kill him in his garden, so by seeing diverse of the mens +Papps, and trying wayes with hundreds of them, he gained this +experience, and for ought he knowes any man else may find them as +well as he and his company, if they had the same skill and experience. + + + +Quer. 5. + + _Many poore People are condemned for having a Pap, or Teat about + them, whereas many People (especially antient People) are, and + have been a long time troubled with naturall wretts on severall + parts of their bodies and other naturall excressencies, as + Hemerodes, Piles, Childbearing, &c. and these shall be judged + only by one man alone and a woman, and so accused or acquitted._ + + +Answ. + +The parties so judging can justifie their skill to any, and shew good +reasons why such markes are not meerly naturall, neither that they can +happen by any such naturall cause as is before expressed, and for +further answer for their private judgements alone, it is most false +and untrue, for never was any man tryed by search of his body, but +commonly a dozen of the ablest men in the parish or else where, were +present, and most commonly as many ancient skilfull matrons and +midwives present when the women are tryed, which marks not only he, +and his company attest to be very suspitious, but all beholders, the +skilfulest of them, doe not approve of them, but likewise assent that +such tokens cannot in their judgements proceed from any the above +mentioned Causes. + + + +Quer. 6. + + _It is a thing impossible for any or woman to judge rightly on + such marks, they are so neare to naturall excressencies and they + that finde them, durst not presently give Oath they were drawne + by evil spirits, till they have used unlawfull courses of + torture to make them say any thing for ease and quiet, as who + would not do? but I would know the reasons he speakes of, how, + and whereby to discover the one from the other, and so be + satisfied in that._ + + +Answ. + +The reasons in breefe are three, which for the present he judgeth to +differ from naturall marks which are: + +1. He judgeth by the unusualnes of the place where he findeth the +teats in or on their bodies being farre distant from any usuall +place, from whence such naturall markes proceed, as if a witch plead +the markes found are Emerods, if I finde them on the bottome of the +back-bone, shall I assent with him, knowing they are not neere that +veine, and so others by child-bearing, when it may be they are in the +contrary part? + +2. They are most commonly insensible, and feele neither pin, needle, +aule, &c. thrust through them. + +3. The often variations and mutations of these marks into severall +formes, confirmes the matter; as if a Witch hear a month or two before +that the _Witch-finder_ (as they call him) is comming they will, and +have put out their Imps to others to suckle them, even to their owne +young and tender children; these upon search are found to have dry +skinnes and filmes only, and be close to the flesh, keepe her 24. +houres with a diligent eye, that none of her Spirits come in any +visible shape to suck her; the women have seen the next day after her +Teats extended out to their former filling length, full of corruption +ready to burst, and leaving her alone then one quarter of an houre, +and let the women go up againe and shee will have them drawn by her +Imps close againe: _Probatum est._ Now for answer to their tortures +in its due place. + + + +Quer. 7. + + _How can it possibly be that the Devill bring a spirit, and + wants no nutriment or sustentation, should desire to suck any + blood? and indeed as he is a spirit he cannot draw any such + excressences, having neither flesh nor bone, nor can be felt, + &c._ + + +Ans. + +He seekes not their bloud, as if he could not subsist without that +nourishment, but he often repairs to them, and gets it, the more to +aggravate the Witches damnation, and to put her in mind of her +_Covenant_; and as he is a Spirit and Prince of the ayre, he appeares +to them in any shape whatsoever, which shape is occasioned by him +through joyning of condensed thickned aire together, and many times +doth assume shapes of many creatures; but to create any thing he +cannot do it, it is only proper to God: But in this case of drawing +out of these Teats, he doth really enter into the body, reall, +corporeall, substantiall creature, and forceth that Creature (he +working in it) to his desired ends, and useth the organs of that body +to speake withall to make his compact up with the Witches, be the +creature Cat, Rat, Mouse, &c. + + + +Quer. 8. + + _When these Paps are fully discovered, yet that will not serve + sufficiently to convict them, but they must be tortured and kept + from sleep two or three nights, to distract them, and make them + say any thing; which is a way to tame a wilde Colt, or Hawke, + &c._ + + +Ans. + +In the infancy of this discovery it was not only thought fitting, but +enjoyned in _Essex_ and _Suffolke_ by the Magistrates, with this +intention only, because they being kept awake would be more the active +to cal their imps in open view the sooner to their helpe, which +oftentimes have so happened; and never or seldome did any Witch ever +complaine in the time of their keeping for want of rest, but after +they had beat their heads together in the Goale; and after this use +was not allowed of by the judges and other Magistrates, it was never +since used, which is a yeare and a halfe since, neither were any kept +from sleep by any order or direction since; but peradventure their own +stubborne wills did not let them sleep, though tendered and offered to +them. + + + + +Quer. 9. + + _Beside that unreasonable watching, they were extraordinarily + walked, till their feet were blistered, and so forced through + that cruelty to confesse, &c._ + + +Ans. + +It was in the same beginning of this discovery, and the meaning of +walking of them at the highest extent of cruelty, was only they to +walke about themselves the night they were watched, only to keepe them +waking: and the reason was this, when they did lye or sit in a chaire, +if they did offer to couch downe, then the watchers were only to +desire them to sit up and walke about, for indeed when they be +suffered so to couch, immediately comes their Familiars into the room +and scareth the watchers, and heartneth on the Witch, though contrary +to the true meaning of the same instructions, diverse have been by +rusticall People, (they hearing them confess to be Witches) mis-used, +spoiled, and abused, diverse whereof have suffered for the same, but +could never be proved against this Discoverer to have a hand in it, or +consent to it; and hath likewise been un-used by him and others, ever +since the time they were kept from sleepe. + + + +Quer. 10. + + _But there hath been an abominable, inhumane, and unmercifull + tryall of these poore creatures, by tying them, and heaving them + into the water; a tryall not allowable by Law or conscience, and + I would faine know the reasons for that._ + + +Ans. + +It is not denyed but many were so served as had Papps, and floated, +others that had none were tryed with them and sunk, but marke the +reasons. + +For first the Divels policie is great, in perswading many to come of +their own accord to be tryed, perswading them their marks are so close +they shall not be found out, so as diverse have come 10. or 12. Miles +to be searched of their own accord, and hanged for their labour, (as +one _Meggs_ a Baker did, who lived within 7. Miles of _Norwich_, and +was hanged at _Norwich_ Assizes for witchcraft) then when they find +that the Devil tells them false they reflect on him, and he (as 40. +have confessed) adviseth them to be sworne, and tels them they shall +sinke and be cleared that way, then when they be tryed that way and +floate, they see the Devill deceives them againe, and have so laid +open his treacheries. + +2. It was never brought in against any of them at their tryals as any +evidence. + +3. King _James_ in his _Demonology_ saith, it is a certaine rule, for +(saith he) Witches deny their baptisme when they Covenant with the +Devill, water being the sole element thereof, and therefore saith he, +when they be heaved into the water, the water refuseth to receive them +into her bosome, (they being such Miscreants to deny their baptisme) +and suffers them to float, as the Froath on the Sea, which the water +will not recieve, but casts it up and downe till it comes to the +earthy element the shore, and there leaves it to consume. + +4. Observe these generation of Witches, if they be at any time abused +by being called Whore, Theefe, &c, by any where they live, they are +the readiest to cry and wring their hands, and shed tears in abundance +& run with full and right sorrowfull acclamations to some Justice of +the Peace, and with many teares make their complaints: but now behold +their stupidity; nature or the elements reflection from them, when +they are accused for this horrible and damnable sin of Witchcraft, +they never alter or change their countenances nor let one Teare fall. +This by the way, swimming (by able Divines whom I reverence) is +condemned for no way, and therefore of late hath, and for ever shall +be left. + + + +Quer. 11. + + _Oh! but if this torturing Witch-catcher can by all or any of + these meanes wring out a word or two of confession from any of + these stupified, ignorant, unitelligible, poore silly creatures, + (though none heare it but himselfe) he will adde and put her in + feare to confesse telling her, else she shall be hanged; but if + she doe, he will set her at liberty, and so put a word into her + mouth, and make such a silly creature confesse she knowes not + what._ + + +Answ. + +He is of a better conscience, and for your better understanding of +him, he doth thus uncase himselfe to all, add declares what +confessions (though made by a Witch against her selfe) he allowes not +of, and doth altogether account of no validity, or worthy of credence +to be given to it, and ever did so account it, and ever likewise +shall. + +1. He utterly denyes that confession of a Witch to be of any validity, +when it is drawn from her by any torture or violence whatsoever; +although after watching, walking, or swimming, diverse have suffered, +yet peradventure Magistrates with much care and diligence did solely +and fully examine them after sleepe, and consideration sufficient. + +2. He utterly denyes that confession of a Witch, which is drawn from +her by flattery, viz. _if you will confess you shall go home, you +shall not go to the Goale, nor be hanged, &c._ + +3. He utterly denyes that confession of a Witch, when she confesseth +any improbability, impossibility, as _flying in the ayre, riding on a +broom, &c._ + +4. He utterly denyes a confession of a Witch, when it is interrogated +to her, and words put into her mouth, to be of any force or effect: as +to say to a silly (yet Witch wicked enough) _you have foure Imps have +you not_? She answers affirmatively, Yes: _did they not suck you_? +Yes, saith she: _Are not their names so, and so_? Yes, saith shee; +_Did not you send such an Impe to kill my child_? Yes saith she, this +being all her confession after this manner, it is by him accompted +nothing, and he earnestly doth desire that all Magistrates and Jurors +would a little more then ever they did examine witnesses about the +interrogated confessions. + + + +Quer. 12. + + _If all those confessions be denyed, I wonder what he will make + confession, for sure it is, all these wayes have been used and + took for good confessions, and many have suffered for them, and + I know not what, he will then make confession._ + + +Answ. + +Yes, in brief he will declare what confession of a Witch is of +validity and force in his judgement, to hang a Witch: when a Witch is +first found with teats, then sequestred from her house, which is onely +to keep her old associates from her, and so by good counsell brought +into a sad condition, by understanding of the horribleness of her sin, +and the judgements threatned against her; and knowing the Devils +malice and subtile circumventions, is brought to remorse and sorrow +for complying with Satan so long, and disobeying Gods sacred Commands, +doth then desire to unfold her mind with much bitterness, and then +without any of the before-mentioned hard usages or questions put to +her, doth of her owne accord declare what was the occasion of the +Devils appearing to her, whether ignorance, pride, anger, malice, &c. +was predominant over her, she doth then declare what speech they had, +what likeness he was in, what voice be had, what familiars he sent +her, what number of spirits, what names they had, what shape they were +in, what imployment she set them about to severall persons in severall +places, (unknowne to the hearers) all which mischiefes being proved to +be done, at the same time she confessed to the same parties for the +same cause, and all effected, is testimony enough again her for all +her denyall. + + + +Quest. 13. + + _How can any possibly beleeve that the Devill and the Witch + joyning together, should have such power, as the Witches + confesse to kill such such a man, child, horse, cow, the like; + if we beleeve they can doe what they will, then we derogate from + Gods power, who for certaine limits the Devill and the Witch; + and I cannot beleeve they have any power at all._ + + +Answ. + +God suffers the Devill many times to doe much hurt, and the devill +doth play many times the deluder and impostor with these Witches, in +perswading them that they are the cause of such and such a murder +wrought by him with their consents, when and indeed neither he nor +they had any hand in it, as thus: We must needs argue, he is of a +long standing, above 6000. yeers, then he must needs be the best +Scholar in all knowledges of arts and tongues, & so have the best +skill in _Physicke_, judgment in _Physiognomie_, and knowledge of what +disease is reigning or predominant in this or that mans body, (and so +for cattell too) by reason of his long experience. This subtile +tempter knowing such a man lyable to some sudden disease, (as by +experience I have found) as _Plurisie_, _Imposthume_, &c. he resorts +to divers Witches; if they know the man, and seek to make a difference +between the Witches and the party, it may be by telling them he hath +threatned to have them very shortly searched, and so hanged for +Witches, then they all consult with _Satan_ to save themselves, and +_Satan_ stands ready prepared, with a _What will you have me doe for +you, my deare and nearest children, covenanted and compacted with me +in my hellish league, and sealed with your blood, my delicate +firebrand-darlings_. + +[Sidenote: _The Divells speech to the Witches._] + +Oh thou (say they) that at the first didst promise to save us thy +servants from any of out deadly enemies discovery, and didst promise +to avenge and flay all those, we pleased, that did offend us; Murther +that wretch suddenly who threatens the down-fall of your loyall +subjects. He then promiseth to effect it. Next newes is heard the +partie is dead, he comes to the witch, and gets a world of reverence, +credence and respect for his power and activeness, when and indeed the +disease kills the party, not the Witch, nor the Devill, (onely the +Devill knew that such a disease was predominant) and the witch +aggravates her damnation by her familiarity and consent to the Devill, +and so comes likewise in compass of the Lawes. This is Satans usuall +impostring and deluding, but not his constant course of proceeding, +for he and the witch doe mischiefe too much. But I would that +Magistrates and Jurats would a little examine witnesses when they +heare witches confess such and such a murder, whether the party had +not long time before, or at the time when the witch grew suspected, +some disease or other predominant, which might cause that issue or +effect of death. + + + +Quer. 14. + + _All that the witch-finder doth is to fleece the country of + their money, and therefore rides and goes to townes to have + imployment, and promiseth them faire promises, and it may be + doth nothing for it, and possesseth many men that they have so + many wizzards and so many witches in their towne, and so hartens + them on to entertaine him._ + + +Ans. + +You doe him a great deale of wrong in every of these particulars. For, +first, + +1. He never went to any towne or place, but they rode, writ, or sent +often for him, and were (for ought he knew) glad of him. + +2. He is a man that doth disclaime that ever he detected a witch, or +said, Thou art a witch; only after her tryall by search, and their +owne confessions, he as others may judge. + +3. Lastly, judge how he fleeceth the Country, and inriches himselfe, +by considering the vast summe he takes of every towne, he demands but +20.s. a town, & doth sometimes ride 20. miles for that, & hath no more +for all his charges thither and back again (& it may be stayes a weeke +there) and finde there 3. or 4. witches, or if it be but one, cheap +enough, and this is the great summe he takes to maintaine his Companie +with 3. horses. + + +_Judicet ullus._ + + + +***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE DISCOVERY OF WITCHES*** + + +******* This file should be named 14015.txt or 14015.zip ******* + + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: +https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/4/0/1/14015 + + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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