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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, No. 578, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, No. 578
+       Vol. XX, No. 578. Saturday, December 1, 1832
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: November 10, 2004 [EBook #14008]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the PG Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOLUME XX., NO. 578] SATURDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1832. [PRICE 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+[Illustration: TANFIELD ARCH, DURHAM.]
+
+
+Tanfield is a considerable village, situated seven miles from Gateshead,
+in the county of Durham, and eight miles in a south-west direction from
+Newcastle-on-Tyne. The above arch is about a mile from the village, and
+crosses a deep dell, called Causey Burne, down which an insignificant
+streamlet finds its sinuous course. The site possesses some picturesque
+beauty, though its silvan pride be
+
+  After a season gay and brief,
+  Condemn'd to fade and flee.
+
+
+It has much of the poet's "bosky bourne," and beside
+
+  The huddling brooklet's secret brim,
+
+
+his pensive mind may feed upon the natural glories of the scene; while,
+attuned to melancholy,
+
+  In hollow music sighing through the glade,
+    The breeze of autumn strikes the startled ear,
+  And fancy, pacing through the woodland shade,
+    Hears in the gust the requiem of the year.
+
+
+KIRKE WHITE'S _Early Poems_.
+
+The ARCH was an architectural wonder of the last century. It was built
+in the year 1729, as a passage for the wagon-way, or rail-road for the
+conveyance of coals from collieries in the vicinity of Tanfield, which
+were the property of an association called "the Great Allies." It is a
+magnificent stone structure, one hundred and thirty feet in the span,
+springing from abutments nine feet high, to the height of sixty feet:
+a dial is placed on the top with a suitable inscription. The expense
+of its construction is stated to have amounted to 12,000_l._; the
+masonry is reputed to be extremely good, and the arch itself is nearly
+perfect, though it is now only known as a foot-way, the collieries for
+the use of which it was built, being no longer worked: previously it was
+but a private road-way. In Cooke's _Topography_ we find it stated,
+(though it is not mentioned upon what authority,) that the architect
+built a former arch which fell, and that the apprehension of the second
+experiencing the same fate induced him to commit suicide.
+
+Before the building of the New London Bridge, the arch at Tanfield is
+said to have been the largest stone arch in existence. The span of the
+central arch of the bridge is 152 feet; and that of the arches on each
+side of the centre, 140 feet: the span of the arches of Waterloo Bridge
+is 120 feet; so that the reader may form a tolerably correct estimate of
+the arch at Tanfield.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE RESTING-PLACE.
+
+
+  Where shall this wounded, aching breast.
+  Find a couch of soothing rest--
+      A respite from its woes?
+  Friend! mark'st thou that grassy bed,
+  The cold, clay dwelling of the dead--
+      There, there is sure repose.
+
+  When shall this soul, so long borne down
+  By Fate's despite and with'ring frown,
+      A rescue know from care?
+  Friend! when that dark home is thine,
+  Never more thy heart shall pine--
+      Grim sorrow comes not there.
+
+  When thy name is of that number,
+  Sound and sweet will be thy slumber;--
+  All earthly pangs and troubles cease,
+  Nor dare invade that house of peace.
+  On that pillow, ozier drest,
+  The worn, the "weary are at rest."
+  Thy broken heart shall cease to sigh,
+  And tears forsake that sunken eye;--
+  No dreams distract that holy sleep--
+  No tempests break that calm so deep.
+  Come, then!--forsaken, wearied, come!
+  Here is for thee a peaceful home.
+
+
+_Sarum._           COLBOURNE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE HORSE "ECLIPSE."
+
+
+A warm--hearted Correspondent, "W.C." of _Milton_ (who is anxious
+for our accuracy on all points), wishes us to correct an error or two in
+the account of _Eclipse_, at p. 362, vol. xix. of _The Mirror_. It is
+there stated that Mr. Wildman sold the moiety of Eclipse to Colonel
+O'Kelly, for 650 guineas; and that O'Kelly subsequently bought the other
+moiety for 1,100 guineas. But, our Correspondent, who was for many years
+intimate with both the above gentlemen, assures us that "the Colonel
+gave to Mr. Wildman 2,000_l._ for a moiety of Eclipse, and
+subsequently 2,000_l._ for the other moiety--making the whole
+purchase-money 4,000_l_."
+
+In the page wherein the above mis-statement appears is another error,
+respecting the speed of _Childers_--"over the round course at
+Newmarket, 3 miles, 6 furlongs, and 93 yards, in 6 minutes and 40
+seconds; to perform which, he must have moved 82-1/2 feet in a second of
+time, or at the rate of nearly one mile in a minute." We have referred
+to the work whence the above was quoted (_Hist. Epsom_, p. 103),
+and find it to correspond with our reprint. The calculation is evidently
+incorrect: for Childers would thus appear scarcely to have exceeded half
+a mile a minute.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE NATURALIST.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+POISON OF THE HORNED VIPER.
+
+(_Cerastes Coluber._)
+
+
+Mr. Madden, whilst in Thebes, killed one of these animals, for the
+purpose of extracting its poison, which he found in a small membrane in
+the front of the jaw under the two hollow teeth. Having collected the
+venom carefully on a piece of glass, he examined it with a microscope,
+and found it to consist of sharp, saline spiculae, of a reticular
+appearance, extremely minute. "Half of this I gave to a dog, in a piece
+of meat--it produced no sensible effect; I then diluted the remainder,
+smeared the point of a lancet with it, and wounded the dog in the
+shoulder: this application he only survived three hours."'--_Madden's
+Travels._
+
+MEDICUS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FISH BATTLE.
+
+
+Captain Crow, in a work published a short time since, relates the
+following as having occurred on a voyage to Memel:--"One morning during
+a cairn, when near the Hebrides, all hands were called up at three
+o'clock, to witness a battle between several of the fish called
+thrashers and some sword-fish on one side, and an enormous whale on the
+other. It was in the middle of summer, and the weather being clear, and
+the fish close to the vessel, we had a fine opportunity of witnessing
+the contest. As soon as the whale's back appeared above the water, the
+thrashers, springing several yards into the air, descended with great
+violence upon the object of their rancour, and inflicted upon him the
+most severe slaps with their tails, the sound of which resembled the
+reports of muskets fired at a distance. The sword-fish, in their turn,
+attacked the distressed whale, stabbing him from below;--and thus beset
+on all sides, and wounded, when the poor creature appeared, the water
+around him was dyed with blood. In this manner they continued tormenting
+and wounding him for many hours, until we lost sight of him; and I have
+no doubt they, in the end, accomplished his destruction."
+
+W.G.C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+INFLUENCE OF THE MIND ON THE BODY.
+
+
+"Should the body sue the mind before a court of judicature, for damages,
+it would be found that the mind would prove to have been a ruinous
+tenant to its landlord."--_Plutarch_.
+
+[We abridge these interesting facts from "An Inquiry into the Influence
+of the Mind and Passions on the Body, in the production of Disease"--in
+No. 11 of the _London Medical and Surgical Journal_.[1] The whole
+paper is written in as clear, concise, and popular a style as the
+subject will allow, and its importance demands the attention of the
+reader; although we have not thought it to our purpose to follow the
+writer to the main object--or how these causes operate in the
+_production of disease_.]
+
+Descartes observes, that the soul is so much influenced by the
+constitution of our bodily organs, that if it were possible to find out
+a method of increasing our penetration, it should certainly be sought
+for in medicine, the connexion between the body and mind, is, in fact,
+so strong, that it is difficult to conceive how one of them should act,
+and the other not be sensible, in a greater or less degree, of that
+action. The organs of sense, by which we acquire all our ideas of
+external objects, when acted upon, convey the subject of thought to the
+nervous fibres of the brain; and while the mind is employed in thinking,
+the part of the brain is in a greater or less degree of motion; a large
+quantity of blood is transmitted to the brain, the action of the
+arteries become increased, and the nervous system sensibly affected.
+
+Plato has remarked, with reference to the influence of the mind on the
+corporeal frame, "Where the action of the soul is too powerful, it
+attacks the body so powerfully that it throws it into a consuming state;
+if the soul exerts itself in a peculiar manner on certain occasions, the
+body is made sensible of it, for it becomes heated and debilitated." An
+Italian physician also observes on this subject, that the union of the
+soul with the body is so intimate, that they reciprocally share the good
+or evil which happens to either of them. The mind cannot put forth its
+powers when the body is tired with inordinate exercise and too close
+application to study destroys the body by dissipating the animal spirits
+which are necessary to recruit it.[2]
+
+The knowledge of the influence of the passions of the mind over the
+bodily functions, is of ancient date. Plato, in his "_Timaeus_,"
+states it as his firm conviction, that the spirit exerted a marked
+influence in producing disease. This opinion was afterwards revived by
+Helmont, Hesper Doloeus, and Stahl; the latter plainly says, that the
+rational soul presides over and directs the animal functions. In this
+doctrine he was followed by Nichols, in his "_Anima Medica_."
+According to the doctrines of Stahl, the disorders of the body proceed
+principally from the mind; and, according as it is variously affected,
+it produces different effects (diseases.) Hence, when the mind, which
+animates the most robust and best organized body, is violently agitated
+by fright, rage, grief, vehement desire, or any other passion, whether
+sudden, or attended by long and painful sensations, the body manifestly
+suffers, and a variety of diseases, as apoplexy, palsy, madness, fever,
+and hysterics, may be the consequence. If this be true, an attention to
+the regulations of the mind is of much more importance than physicians
+seem disposed to admit. The poet of health justly says,
+
+  "'Tis the great art of life to manage well
+  The restless mind."
+
+
+In the course of this vitally important and deeply-interesting subject
+of inquiry, it is not my intention to enter into any metaphysical
+discussion respecting the inscrutable and mysterious union existing
+between matter and mind, or to endeavour to point out the manner in
+which the body influences the mind, and the mind the body. Such subjects
+we do not think to be legitimate objects of inquiry. The medical
+philosopher is engaged in less obscure and less uncertain researches; he
+does not attempt to solve the question regarding the intimate union
+subsisting between the natural and intellectual portions of our nature,
+but he wisely confines himself to an attentive examination of the
+phenomena which result from that union. Man is compounded of a soul and
+body, so closely united, not _identified,_ that they frequently
+struggle and occasionally overpower each other. Sometimes the mind
+ascends the throne and subdues, in a moment, the physical energies of
+the most powerful of her subjects. At other times the body gains the
+ascendency, and lays prostrate before her the mightiest of human
+intellects. Instances illustrative of both propositions are of daily
+occurrence. It has been said of Sophocles, that being desirous of
+proving that at an advanced age he was in full possession of his
+intellectual faculties, he composed a tragedy, was crowned, and died
+through joy. The same thing happened to Philippides, the comic writer.
+M. Juventius Thalma, on being told that a triumph had been decreed to
+him for having subdued Corsica, fell down dead before the altar at which
+he was offering up his thanksgiving. Zimmerman, in his work on
+Experience in Physic, has related the circumstance of a worthy family in
+Holland being reduced to indigence; the elder brother passed over to the
+East Indies, acquired considerable fortune there, and returning home
+presented his sister with the richest jewel: the young woman, at this
+unexpected change of fortune became motionless and died. The famous
+Forquet died on being told that Louis XIV. had restored him to his
+liberty. It is also related of Diodorus Chronos, who was considered as
+the most subtle logician of the time of Ptolemy Soter, that Stilbo one
+day in the presence of the king, proposed a question to him, to which he
+was unable to reply. The king, willing to cover him with shame,
+pronounced only one part of his name, and called him _ovos_, ass,
+instead of Chronos. Diodorus was so much affected at this as to die soon
+afterwards.
+
+Perhaps there is not a more remarkable instance on record showing, in a
+melancholy though forcible light, the dominion of mind over the material
+frame, than the circumstances which attended the death of John Hunter.
+This distinguished surgeon and physiologist died in a fit of enraged
+passion; and, what is somewhat extraordinary, he had often predicted
+that such excitement would prove fatal to him. He died at St. George's
+Hospital, Oct. 16, 1793, under these circumstances: being there in the
+exercise of his official duty as surgeon, he had a warm dispute with Dr.
+Pearson, on a professional subject; upon which he said, "I must retire,
+for I feel an agitation which will be fatal to me if I increase it." He
+immediately withdrew into an adjoining room; but Dr. Pearson, not being
+willing to give up his argument, followed him, which so annoyed Hunter,
+that he vehemently exclaimed, "You have followed me on purpose to be
+the death of me! You have murdered me!" and instantly fell and expired!
+Mrs. Byron, the mother of the noble bard, is said to have died in a fit
+of passion. Mr. Moore, in his life of Lord Byron, in speaking of Mrs.
+Byron's illness, says,--"At the end of July her illness took a new and
+fatal turn; and so sadly characteristic was the close of the poor lady's
+life, that a fit of ague, brought on, it is said, by reading the
+upholsterer's bills, was the ultimate cause of her death." A somewhat
+similar circumstance is recorded of Malbranche. The only interview that
+Bishop Berkley and Malbranche had was in the latter philosopher's cell,
+when the conversation turned upon the non-existence of matter, and
+Malbranche is said to have exerted himself so much in the discussion
+that he died in consequence. Sanctorius relates an instance of a famous
+orator, who so far exerted his mind in delivering an oration that he
+became, in a few hours, quite insane.
+
+The effect of a too close application of mind to study on the bodily
+health has long been a matter of common observation. The Roman orator,
+Cicero, points out forcibly the dangers arising from inordinate exertion
+of mind; and he has laid down some rules for guarding against the
+effects of study. M. Van Swieten, in alluding to this subject, relates
+the case of a man whose health was severely injured, by what he calls
+"literary watchings." Whenever he listened with any attention to any
+story, or trifling tale, he was seized with giddiness; he was in violent
+agonies whenever he wanted to recollect any thing which had slipped his
+memory; he oftentimes fainted away gradually, and experienced a
+disagreeable sensation of lassitude. Rousseau has very justly remarked,
+that excessive application of mind "makes men tender, weakens their
+constitutions, and when once the body has lost its powers, those of the
+soul are not easily preserved. Application wears out the machine,
+exhausts the spirits, destroys the strength, enervates the mind, makes
+us pusillanimous, unable either to bear fatigue, or to keep our passions
+under."[3]
+
+Shakspeare appears to have formed a just conception of the great injury
+which the corporeal frame experiences from a too close application of
+mind. The immortal bard observes,--
+
+  "----Universal plodding poisons up
+  The nimble spirits in the arteries
+  As motion and long-during action tires
+  The sinewy vigour of the traveller."
+
+_Love's Labour Lost._
+
+In the consultations of Wesper we find related the history of a young
+man of family 22 years of age, who, having applied himself incessantly
+to intense mental exertion, was seized with a fit of insanity, in which
+fit he wounded several persons and killed his keeper. Catalepsy has been
+known to have been produced by great mental application. Fomelius gives
+us a remarkable instance of it. A man (says he) who passed whole nights
+in writing and studying, was suddenly attacked with a fit of catalepsy:
+all his limbs stiffened in the attitude he was in when the disease first
+seized him. He remained upon his seat, holding the pen in his hand, and
+with his eyes fixed on his paper, so that he was considered to be still
+at his studies, till being called to, and then shaken, he was found to
+be without motion or sensation.[4]
+
+Many extraordinary instances are on record, of remarkable changes having
+been produced in birds by an affection of the animal passions. The
+following fact is related by Mr. Young, in the Edinburgh Geographical
+Journal. A blackbird had been frightened in her cage by a cat; when it
+was relieved, it was found lying on its back, quite wet with
+perspiration. The feathers fell off, and were renewed, but the new ones
+were perfectly white.
+
+A similar phenomenon has been observed in the human species, who have
+been exposed to the effects of inordinate passion. Borrelli relates the
+case of a French gentleman, who was thrown into prison, and on whom fear
+operated so powerfully as to change his hair completely grey in the
+course of one night. Dr. Darwin ascribes this phenomenon to the torpor
+of the vessels, which circulates the fluids destined to nourish the
+hair. Nothing will, perhaps, demonstrate more fully the effects of moral
+causes in producing disease than the structural alterations discoverable
+in the bodies of those who have died whilst labouring under nostalgia,
+or the Swiss malady. This disease is considered peculiar to the Swiss,
+and is occasioned by a desire of revisiting their own country, and of
+witnessing again the scenes of their youth. This desire begins with
+melancholy sadness, love of solitude, silence, bodily weakness, &c. and
+is only cured by returning to their native country. Avenbrugger says,
+that in dissecting the bodies of those who have died in consequence of
+this disease, organic lesions of the heart generally are detected.
+A particular musical composition, supposed to be expressive of the
+happiness of the people, is in great vogue in Switzerland. If this tune
+or piece of music is played among the Swiss in any foreign country, it
+tends strongly to recall their affections for their native soil, and
+their desire of returning, and to induce the desire called nostalgia
+consequent on their disappointment. The effects of this musical
+composition is so powerful, that it is forbidden to be repeated in the
+French camp on pain of death, it having at one period had the effect of
+producing a mutiny among the Swiss soldiers, at that time in the employ
+of the French king.
+
+Predictions of death, whether supposed to be supernatural, or emanating
+from human authority, have often, in consequence of the poisonous
+effects of fear, been punctually fulfilled. The anecdote is well
+attested, of the licentious Lord Littleton, that he expired at the exact
+stroke of the clock, which in a dream or vision, he had been forewarned
+would be the signal of his departure. In Lesanky's voyage round the
+world, there is an account of a religious sect in the Sandwich Islands,
+who arrogate to themselves the power of praying people to death. Whoever
+incurs their displeasure, receives notice that the homicide litany is
+about to begin, and such are the effects of the imagination, that the
+very notice is frequently sufficient with these people to produce the
+effect.
+
+Thousands of other instances might be cited, illustrative of the fatal
+effects of inordinate indulgence in passion.
+
+
+    [1] A cleverly conducted work containing more popular information
+        on Medicine, Surgery, and what are termed the collateral sciences,
+        than we are accustomed to find in a "professional" journal.
+
+    [2] Rammazini.
+
+    [3] Preface de Narcisse Oeuvres, Diverses, t. l. v. 172.
+
+    [4] Pathol. lib. 3. cap. 2. Oper. Omm. p. 406.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ANCIENT BRIDEWELL.[5]
+
+
+The following curious facts, respecting the state of the metropolis
+during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, are extracted from the weekly
+reports made by William Fletewood, Recorder of London, to Lord
+Burghley:--
+
+"My singuler good Lord, uppon Thursdaye, at even, her Majistie, in her
+coache, nere Islyngton, taking of the air, her Highnes was environed
+with a nosmber of roogs. One Mr. Stone, a foteman, cam in all hast to
+my Lord Maior, and after to me, and told us of the same. I dyd the same
+nyght send warrants owt into the seyd quarters, and into Westminster and
+the Duchie; and in the morning I went abrood my selff, and I tooke that
+daye lxxiiij. roogs, whereof some were blynde, and yet great usurers,
+and very rich; and the same daye, towards nyght, I sent Mr. Harrys and
+Mr. Smithe, the Governors of Bridwell, and tooke all the names of the
+roogs; and then sent theym from the Sessions Hall into Bridwell, where
+they remayned that nyght. Uppon Twelff daye, in the forenoone, the
+Master of the Rolls, my selff, and others, receyved a charge before my
+Lords of the Counsell, as towching roogs and masterles men, and to have
+a pryvie searche. The same daye, at after dyner (for I dyned at the
+Rolls), I mett the Governors of Bridwell, and so that after nowne wee
+examined all the seyd roogs, and gave them substanciall payment. And
+the stronger wee bestowed on the myine and the lighters; the rest wee
+dismyssed, with the promise of a dooble paye if we met with theym
+agayne. Uppon Soundaye, being crastino of the Twelffth daye, I dyned
+with Mr. Deane, of Westminster, where I conferred with hym touching
+Westminster and the Duchie; and then I tooke order for Sowthwarke,
+Lambeth, and Newyngton, from whence I receyved a shool of xl. roogs,
+men and women, and above. I bestowed theym in Bridwell. I dyd the
+same after nowne peruse Pooles (St. Paul's), where I tooke about xxii.
+cloked roogs, that there used to kepe standing. I placed theym also in
+Bridwell. The next mornyng, being Mundaye, the Mr of the Rolls and the
+reste tooke order with the constables for a pryvie searche agaynst
+Thursdaye, at nyght, and to have the offenders brought to the Sessions
+Hall uppon Frydaye, in the mornyng, where wee the Justices shold mete.
+And agaynst the same tyme, my Lo. Maior and I dyd the lyke in London and
+Sowthwarke. The same after nowne, the Masters of Bridwell and I mett;
+and after every man had been examined, eche one receyved his payment
+according to his deserts; at whiche tyme the strongest were put to
+worke, and the others dismissed into theyre countries. The same daye
+the Mr of the Savoye was with us, and sayd he was sworne to lodge
+'claudicantes, egrotantes, et peregrinantes;' and the next morning I
+sent the constables of the Duchie to the Hospitall, and they brought
+unto me at Bridwell, vj. tall fellowes, that were draymen unto bruers,
+and were neither 'claudicantes, egrotantes, nor peregrinantes.' The
+constables, if they might have had theyre owen wills, would have browght
+us many moor. The master dyd wryte a very curtese letter unto us to
+produce theym; and although he wrott charitably unto us, yet were they
+all soundly paydd, and sent home to theyre masters. All Tewsdaye,
+Weddensdaye, and Thursdaye, there cam in nosmbers of roogs: they were
+rewarded all according to theyre deserts.--Uppon Frydaye mornyng, at the
+Justice Hall, there were brought in above a C. lewd people taken in the
+pryvie searche. The Mrs of Bridwell receyved theym, and immediately gave
+theym punishment. This Satterdaye, after causes of consciens, herd by my
+Lord Maior and me, I dyned and went to Polls (St. Paul's) and in other
+places, as well within the libertes as elsewhere. I founde not one rooge
+styuyng. Emongst all these thynges, I dyd note that wee had not of
+London, Westm., nor Sowthwarke, nor yett Midd., nor Surr., above twelve,
+and those we have taken order for. The resedew for the most were of
+Wales, Salop, Cestr., Somerset, Barks, Oxforde, and Essex; and that few
+or none of theym had been about London above iij. or iiij. mownthes.
+I did note also that wee mett not agayne with any, in all our searches,
+that had receyved punishment. The chieff nurserie of all these evill
+people is the Savoye, and the brick-kilnes near Islyngton. As for the
+brick-kilnes, we will take suche order that they shall be reformed; and
+I trust, by yr. good Lordship's help, the Savoye shall be amended; for
+surelie, as by experiens I fynd it, the same place, as it is used, is
+not converted to a good use or purpose. And this shall suffice for
+roogs."--W.G.C.
+
+    [5] See the Engraving, vol. xviii. p. 337 of _The Mirror._
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+POVERTY OF KINGS, AND THE BRITISH CROWN PAWNED.
+
+As to increasing wealth by war, that has never yet happened to this
+nation; and, I believe, rarely to any country. Our former kings most
+engaged in war were always poor, and sometimes excessively so. Edward
+III. pawned his jewels to pay foreign forces; and _magnam coronam
+Angliae_, his imperial crown, three several times--once abroad, and
+twice to Sir John Wosenham, his banker, in whose custody the crown
+remained no less than eight years. The Black Prince, as Walsingham
+informs us, was constrained to pledge his plate. Henry V., with all his
+conquests, pawned his crown, and the table and stools of silver which he
+had from Spain. Queen Elizabeth is known to have sold her very jewels.
+
+G.K.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HEAD-DRESS OF THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY, IN ENGLAND.
+
+
+In Wickliffe's _Commentaries upon the Ten Commandments_, in the
+midst of a moral exhortation, he manages, by a few bold touches, to give
+us a picture of the fashionable head-dress of his day:--
+
+"And let each woman beware, that neither by countenance, nor by array of
+body nor of head, she stir any to covet her to sin. Not crooking
+(curling) her hair, neither laying it up on high, nor the head arrayed
+about with gold and precious stones; not seeking curious clothing, nor
+of nice shape, showing herself to be seemly to fools. For all such
+arrays of women St. Peter and St. Paul, by the Holy Ghost's teaching,
+openly forbid."
+
+D.P.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SALADS.
+
+
+Oil for salads is mentioned in the Paston Letters, in 1466, in which
+year Sir John Paston writes to his mother, that he has sent her "ii.
+potts off oyl for salady's, whyche oyl was goode a myght be when he
+delyv'yd yt, and schuld be goode at the reseyving yff itt was not
+mishandled nor miscarryd." This indicates that vegetables for the table
+were then cultivated in England, although the common opinion is, that
+most of our fruit and garden productions were destroyed during the civil
+wars between the houses of York and Lancaster. A good salad, however,
+had become so scarce some years afterwards, that Katharine, the queen of
+Henry VIII., is said, on a particular occasion, to have sent to the
+continent to procure one.
+
+D.P.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ADVERTISEMENT OF THE OPENING OF THE LONDON COFFEE HOUSE, UPWARDS OF A
+CENTURY AGO.
+
+"May, 1731.
+
+"Whereas it is customary for Coffee Houses and other Public Houses to
+take 8_s._ for a quart of Arrack, and 6_s._ for a quart of Brandy or
+Rum, made into Punch;
+
+_This is to give Notice_,
+
+That James Ashley has opened, on Ludgate Hill, the London Coffee House,
+Punch House, Dorchester Beer and Welsh Ale Warehouse, where the finest
+and best old Arrack, Rum, and French Brandy is made into Punch, with the
+other of the finest ingredients--viz.:
+
+"A quart of Arrack made into Punch for six shillings; and so in
+proportion to the smallest quantity, which is half-a-quartern for
+fourpence halfpenny.
+
+"A quart of Rum or Brandy made into Punch for four shillings; and so in
+proportion to the smallest quantity, which is half-a-quartern for
+threepence; and Gentlemen may have it as soon made as a gill of wine can
+be drawn."
+
+G.K.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SIR WILLIAM JONES'S PLAN OF STUDY.
+
+
+Some idea of the acquirements of the resolute industry with which Jones
+pursued his studies may be formed from the following memorandum:--
+
+"Resolved to learn no more _rudiments_ of any kind, but to perfect
+myself in--first, twelve languages, as the _means_ of acquiring
+accurate knowledge of
+
+  I. History.
+  1. Man 2. Nature.
+
+  II. Arts.
+  1. Rhetoric. 2. Poetry. 3. Painting. 4. Music.
+
+  III. Sciences.
+  1. Law. 2. Mathematics. 3. Dialectics.
+
+
+"N.B. Every species of human knowledge may be reduced to one or other of
+these divisions. Even _law_ belongs partly to the history of man,
+partly as a science to dialectics. The twelve languages are Greek,
+Latin, Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Hebrew, Arabic, Persian,
+Turkish, German, English.--1780."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF DISCOVERY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SAILING UP THE ESSEQUIBO.
+
+_By Captain J.E. Alexander, H.P., late 16th Lancers, M.R.G.S., &c._
+
+
+My purpose was now to proceed up the noble Essequibo river towards
+the El Dorado of Sir Walter Raleigh, and view the mighty forests of
+the interior, and the varied and beautiful tribes by which they are
+inhabited. Our residence on the island of Wakenaam had been truly
+a tropical one. During the night, the tree frogs, crickets,
+razor-grinders, reptiles, and insects of every kind, kept up a continued
+concert. At sunrise, when the flowers unfolded themselves, the humming
+birds, with the metallic lustre glittering on their wings, passed
+rapidly from blossom to blossom. The bright yellow and black
+mocking-birds flew from their pendant nests, accompanied by their
+neighbours, the wild bees, which construct their earthen hives on the
+same tree. The continued rains had driven the snakes from their holes,
+and on the path were seen the bush-master (cona-couchi) unrivalled for
+its brilliant colours, and the deadly nature of its poison; and the
+labari equally poisonous, which erects its scales in a frightful manner
+when irritated. The rattlesnake was also to be met with, and harmless
+tree snakes of many species. Under the river's bank lay enormous caymen
+or alligators,--one lately killed measured twenty-two feet. Wild deer
+and the peccari hog were seen in the glades in the centre of the island;
+and the jaguar and cougour (the American leopard and lion) occasionally
+swam over from the main land.
+
+We sailed up the Essequibo for a hundred miles in a small schooner of
+thirty tons, and occasionally took to canoes or coorials to visit the
+creeks. We then went up a part of the Mazaroony river, and saw also the
+unexplored Coioony: these three rivers join their waters about one
+hundred miles from the mouth of the Essequibo. In sailing or paddling up
+the stream, the breadth is so great, and the wooded islands so numerous,
+that it appears as if we navigated a large lake. The Dutch in former
+times had cotton, indigo, and cocoa estates up the Essequibo, beyond
+their capital Kykoveral, on an island at the forks or junction of the
+three rivers. Now, beyond the islands at the mouth of the Essequibo
+there are no estates, and the mighty forest has obliterated all traces
+of former cultivation. Solitude and silence are on either hand, not a
+vestige of the dwellings of the Hollanders being to be seen; and only
+occasionally in struggling through the entangled brushwood one stumbles
+over a marble tombstone brought from the shores of the Zuyderzee.
+
+At every turn of the river we discovered objects of great interest.
+The dense and nearly impenetrable forest itself occupied our chief
+attention; magnificent trees, altogether new to us, were anchored to
+the ground by bush-rope, convolvuli, and parasitical plants of every
+variety. The flowers of these cause the woods to appear as if hung with
+garlands. Pre-eminent above the others was the towering and majestic
+Mora, its trunk spread out into buttresses; on its top would be seen
+the king of the vultures expanding his immense wings to dry after the
+dews of night. The very peculiar and romantic cry of the bell-bird, or
+campanero, would be heard at intervals; it is white, about the size of a
+pigeon, with a leathery excrescence on its forehead, and the sound which
+it produces in the lone woods is like that of a convent-bell tolling.
+
+A crash of the reeds and brushwood on the river's bank would be followed
+by a tapir, the western elephant, coming down to drink and to roll
+himself in the mud; and the manati or river-cow would lift its black
+head and small piercing eye above the water to graze on the leaves of
+the coridore tree. They are shot from a stage fixed in the water, with
+branches of their favourite food hanging from it; one of twenty-two cwt.
+was killed not long ago. High up the river, where the alluvium of the
+estuary is changed for white sandstone, with occasionally black oxide of
+manganese, the fish are of delicious flavour; among others, the pacoo,
+near the Falls or Rapids, which is flat, twenty inches long, and weighs
+four pounds; it feeds on the seed of the _arum arborescens_, in
+devouring which the Indians shoot it with their arrows: of similar genus
+are the cartuback, waboory, and amah.
+
+The most remarkable fish of these rivers are, the _peri_ or
+_omah_, two feet long; its teeth and jaws are so strong, that it
+cracks the shells of most nuts to feed on their kernels, and is most
+voracious; the Indians say that it snaps off the breasts of women, and
+emasculates men. Also the genus _silurus_, the young of which swim
+in a shoal of one hundred and fifty over the head of the mother, who, on
+the approach of danger, opens her mouth, and thus saves her progeny;
+with the _loricaria calicthys_, or _assa_, which constructs a
+nest on the surface of pools from the blades of grass floating about,
+and in this deposits its spawn which is hatched by the sun. In the dry
+season this remarkable fish has been dug out of the ground, for it
+burrows in the rains owing to the strength and power of the spine; in
+the gill-fin and body it is covered with strong plates, and far below
+the surface finds moisture to keep it alive. The _electric eel_ is
+also an inhabitant of these waters, and has sometimes nearly proved
+fatal to the strongest swimmer. If sent to England in tubs, the wood
+and iron act as conductors, and keep the fish in a continued state of
+exhaustion, causing, eventually, death: an earthenware jar is the vessel
+in which to keep it in health.
+
+(_To be concluded in our next._)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+FINE ARTS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CROSSES.[6]
+
+[Illustration: Neville's Cross.]
+
+We resume the illustration of these curious structures with two
+specimens of interesting architectural character, and memorable
+association with our early history. The first is Neville's Cross,
+at Beaurepaire (or Bear Park, as it is now called), about two miles
+north-west from Durham. Here David II., King of Scots, encamped with his
+army before the celebrated battle of Red Hills, or Neville's Cross, as
+it was afterwards termed, from the above elegant stone cross, erected to
+record the victory by Lord Ralph Neville. The English sovereign, Edward
+III., had just achieved the glorious conquest of Crecy; and the Scottish
+king judged this a fit opportunity for his invasion. However, "the great
+northern barons of England, Percy and Neville, Musgrave, Scope, and
+Hastings, assembled their forces in numbers sufficient to show that,
+though the conqueror of Crecy, with his victorious army, was absent
+in France, there were Englishmen enough left at home to protect the
+frontiers of his kingdom from violation. The Archbishops of Canterbury
+and York, the prelates of Durham, Carlisle, and Lincoln, sent their
+retainers, and attended the rendezvous in person, to add religious
+enthusiasm to the patriotic zeal of the barons. Ten thousand soldiers,
+who had been sent over to Calais to reinforce Edward III.'s army, were
+countermanded in this exigency, and added to the northern army.[7]"
+
+The battle, which was fought October 17, 1346, lasted only three hours,
+but was uncommonly destructive. The English archers, who were in front,
+were at first thrown into confusion, and driven back; but being
+reinforced by a body of horse, repulsed their opponents, and the
+engagement soon became general. The Scottish army was entirely defeated,
+and the king himself made prisoner; though previous to the fight he is
+said to have regarded the English with contempt, and as a raw and
+undisciplined host, by no means competent to resist the power of his
+more hardy veterans.
+
+"Amid repeated charges, and the most dispiriting slaughter by the
+continuous discharge of the English arrows, David showed that he had the
+courage, though not the talents, of his father (Robert Bruce). He was
+twice severely wounded with arrows, but continued to encourage to the
+last the few of his peers and officers who were still fighting around
+him."[8] He scorned to ask quarter, and was taken alive with difficulty.
+Rymer says, "The Scotch king, though he had two spears hanging in his
+body, his leg desperately wounded, and being disarmed, his sword having
+been beaten out of his hand, disdained captivity, and provoked the
+English by opprobrious language to kill him. When John Copeland, who was
+governor of Roxborough Castle, advised him to yield, he struck him on
+the face with his gauntlet so fiercely, that he knocked out two of his
+teeth. Copeland conveyed him out of the field as his prisoner. Upon
+Copeland's refusing to deliver up his royal captive to the queen
+(Philippa), who stayed at Newcastle during the battle, the king sent for
+him to Calais, where he excused his refusal so handsomely, that the king
+sent him back with a reward of 500_l._ a year in lands, where he
+himself should choose it, near his own dwelling, and made him a knight
+banneret."[9]
+
+Hume states Philippa to have assembled a body of little more than 12,000
+men, and to have rode through the ranks of her army, exhorting every man
+to do his duty, and to take revenge on these barbarous ravagers. "Nor
+could she be persuaded to leave the field till the armies were on the
+point of engaging. The Scots have often been unfortunate in the great
+pitched battles which they have fought with the English: even though
+they commonly declined such engagements where the superiority of numbers
+was not on their side; but never did they receive a more fatal blow than
+the present. They were broken and chased off the field: fifteen thousand
+of them, some historians say twenty thousand, were slain; among whom
+were Edward Keith, Earl Mareschal, and Sir Thomas Charteris, Chancellor:
+and the king himself was taken prisoner, with the Earls of Sutherland,
+Fife, Monteith, Carrick, Lord Douglas, and many other noblemen." The
+captive king was conveyed to London, and afterwards in solemn procession
+to the Tower, attended by a guard of 20,000 men, and all the city
+companies in complete pageantry; while "Philippa crossed the sea at
+Dover, and was received in the English camp before Calais, with all the
+triumph due to her rank, her merit, and her success." These indeed were
+bright days of chivalry and gallantry.
+
+"The ground whereon the battle was fought," say the topographers of the
+county,[10] "is about one mile west from Durham; it is hilly, and in some
+parts very steep, particularly towards the river. Near it, in a deep
+vale, is a small mount, or hillock, called the _Maiden's Bower_, on
+which the holy Corporex Cloth, wherewith St. Cuthbert covered the
+chalice when he used to say mass, was displayed on the point of a spear,
+by the monks of Durham, who, when the victory was obtained, gave notice
+by signal to their brethren stationed on the great tower of the
+Cathedral, who immediately proclaimed it to the inhabitants of the city,
+by singing Te Deum. From that period the victory was annually
+commemorated in a similar manner by the choristers, till the occurrence
+of the Civil Wars, when the custom was discontinued; but again revived
+on the Restoration," and observed till nearly the close of the last
+century.
+
+The site of the Cross is by the road-side: it was defaced and broken
+down in the year 1589. Its pristine beauty is thus minutely described in
+Davis's _Rights and Monuments_: "On the west side of the city of
+Durham, where two roads pass each other, a most famous and elegant cross
+of stone work was erected to the honour of God, &c. at the sole cost of
+Ralph, Lord Neville, which cross had seven steps about it, every way
+squared to the socket wherein the stalk of the cross stood, which socket
+was fastened to a large square stone; the sole, or bottom stone being of
+a great thickness, viz. a yard and a half every way: this stone was the
+eighth step. The stalk of the cross was in length three yards and a half
+up to the boss, having eight sides all of one piece; from the socket it
+was fixed into the boss above, into which boss the stalk was deeply
+soldered with lead. In the midst of the stalk, in every second square,
+was the Neville's cross; a saltire in a scutcheon, being Lord Neville's
+arms, finely cut; and, at every corner of the socket, was a picture of
+one of the four Evangelists, finely set forth and carved. The boss at
+the top of the stalk was an octangular stone, finely cut and bordered,
+and most curiously wrought; and in every square of the nether side
+thereof was Neville's Cross, in one square, and the bull's head in the
+next, so in the same reciprocal order about the boss. On the top of the
+boss was a stalk of stone, (being a cross a little higher than the
+rest,) whereon was cut, on both sides of the stalk, the picture of our
+Saviour Christ, crucified; the picture of the Blessed Virgin on one
+side, and St. John the Evangelist on the other; both standing on the top
+of the boss. All which pictures were most artificially wrought together,
+and finely carved out of one entire stone; some parts thereof, though
+carved work, both on the east and west sides, with a cover of stone
+likewise over their heads, being all most finely and curiously wrought
+together out of the same hollow stone, which cover had a covering of
+lead."
+
+[Illustration: (_Percy's Cross_.)]
+
+The second specimen (_see the Cut_) stands by the side of the
+highway over Hedgeley Moor, in the adjoining county of Northumberland.
+This Cross is a record of the War of the Roses. Here, in one of the
+skirmishes preliminary to the celebrated victory at Hexham (May 12,
+1464), Sir Ralph Percy was slain, by Lord Montacute, or Montague, brother
+to the Earl of Warwick, and warden of the east marches between Scotland
+and England. His dying words are stated to have been, "I have saved the
+bird in my breast:" meaning his faith to his party. The memorial is a
+square stone pillar, embossed with the arms of Percy and Lucy: they are
+nearly effaced by time, though the personal valour of the hero is
+written in the less perishable page of history.
+
+The Nevilles are distinguished personages in the pages of the historians
+of the North. In Durham they have left a lasting memorial of their
+magnificence in Raby Castle, the principal founder of which was John de
+Neville, Earl of Westmoreland; who, in 1379, obtained a license to
+castellate his manor of Raby; though a part of the structure appears to
+have been of more ancient date. Leland speaks of it in his time as "the
+largest castle of lodgings in all the north country." It remains to this
+day the most perfect castellated mansion, or, more strictly, castle, in
+the kingdom, and its "_hall_" eclipses even the chivalrous
+splendour of Windsor: here 700 knights, who held of the Nevilles, are
+said to have been entertained at one time. The whole establishment is
+maintained with much of the hospitable glories of the olden time by the
+present distinguished possessor of Raby, the Marquess of Cleveland.
+
+    [6] See also pages 113 and 329 of the present volume.
+
+    [7] Hist. Scot. By Sir W. Scott, Bt., vol. i, p. 197.
+
+    [8] Ibid. p. 199.
+
+    [9] Faedera, tom. v. p. 542.
+
+    [10] Messrs Britton and Brayley--Beauties of England and Wales,
+         vol. v. p. 199.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WINTER EXHIBITION OF PICTURES, AT THE SUFFOLK-STREET GALLERY.
+
+(_Concluded from page_ 231.)
+
+
+144. Landscape and Figures. The first by _Gainsborough_; the latter
+by _Morland_.
+
+145. The Body of Harold discovered by Swanachal and two Monks, the
+morning after the Battle of Hastings. _A.J. Woolmer._ A picture of
+some, and not undeserved, distinction in a previous exhibition.
+
+150. Mr. King and Mrs. Jordan in the "Country Girl." _R. Smirke,
+R.A._ The drawing is easy and natural, but the colouring appears to
+us deficient in tone and breadth.
+
+153. View of the River Severn near the New Passage House.
+_Nasmyth._ A delightful scene in what we may call the artist's
+best, or _crisp_ style.
+
+157. Puppy and Frog. _E. Landseer, R.A._ In the most vigorous style
+of our best animal painter.
+
+163. A State Quarry. _De Loutherbourg._
+
+165--167. Portraits of Worlidge and Mortimer. Painted by themselves.
+
+172. Villa of Maecenas. One of _Wilson's_ most celebrated
+compositions, of classic fame.
+
+181. Master's Out, "The Disappointed Dinner Party." _R.W. Buss._ A
+scene of cockney mortification humorously treated.--An unlucky Londoner
+and his tawdrily-dressed wife, appeared to have toiled up the hill, with
+their family of four children, to a friend's cottage, the door of which
+is opened by an old housekeeper, with "Master's out," while the host
+himself is peeping over the parlour window-blind at the disappointment
+of his would-be visitors. The annoyance of the husband at the
+inhospitable answer, and the fatigue of his fine wife, are cleverly
+managed; while the mischievous pranks of the urchin family among the
+borders of the flower-garden remind us of the pleasant "Inconveniences
+of a Convenient Distance." The colouring is most objectionable; though
+the flowers and fine clothes are very abundant.
+
+194. Falls of Niagara. _Wilson._ A sublime picture of this terrific
+wonder of the world.
+
+196. Erzelin Bracciaferro musing over Meduna, slain by him for
+disloyalty during his absence in the Holy Land. _Fuseli._ A
+composition of touching melancholy, such as none but a master-mind could
+approach.
+
+199. The late R.W. Elliston, Esq. One of _Harlow's_ best portraits:
+the likeness is admirable, and the tone well accords with Elliston's
+unguent, supple expression.
+
+204. Portrait of Dr. Wardrope. _Raeburn._ This is one of the
+artist's finest productions: it is clever, manly, and vigorous--painting
+to the life, without the flattering unction of varnished canvass. The
+fine, broad, bold features of the sitter were excellently adapted to the
+artist's peculiar powers.
+
+205. Portrait of Thomson, the Poet. _Hogarth._ The well-known
+picture. How fond poets of the last century were of their
+_dishabille_ in portraits: they had their day as well as nightcaps.
+
+217. Johnny Gilpin. _Stothard._ This lively composition is well
+known, as it deserves to be; but it may not so well be remembered that
+the popularity of John Gilpin was founded by a clever lecturer, who
+recited the "tale in verse" as part of his entertainment. (_See page
+367._) What would an audience of the present day say to such
+puerility; though it would be certainly more rational than people
+listening to a French play, or an Italian or German opera, not a line of
+which they understand.
+
+229. Portrait of R.B. Sheridan. The well-known picture, by
+_Reynolds_, whence is engraved the Frontispiece to Moore's Life of
+the Statesman and Dramatist. Here is the "man himsel," in the formal cut
+blue dress-coat and white waistcoat of the last century. The face may
+be accounted handsome: the cheeks are full, and, with the nose, are
+rubicund--_Bacchi tincti_; the eyes are black and brilliantly
+expressive;--and the visiter should remember that Sir Joshua Reynolds,
+in painting this portrait, is said to have affirmed that their pupils
+were larger than those of any human being he had ever met with. They
+retained their beauty to the last, though the face did not, and the body
+became bent. How much it is to be regretted that Sheridan with such fine
+eyes had so little foresight. There is in the gallery a younger portrait
+of him, in a stage or masquerade dress, which is unworthy of comparison
+with the preceding.
+
+231. Scene in Covent Garden Market. One of the best views of the old
+place, by _Hogarth_; and one of the last sketches before the recent
+improvements, will he found in _The Mirror_, vol. xiii. p. 121. By
+the way, the pillar and ball, which stood in the centre of the square,
+and are seen in the present picture, were long in the garden of John
+Kemble, in Great Russell-street, Bloomshury.
+
+243. Portrait of the late Mr. Holcroft. _Dawe._ In this early
+performance of the artist, we in vain seek for the "best looks" of the
+sitter: such as the painter threw into his portraits of crowned heads.
+
+248. The Happy Marriage. An _unfinished_ picture by _Hogarth_;
+yet how beautifully is some of the distant grouping made out;--what life
+and reality too in the figures, and the whole composition, though seen,
+as it were, through a mist.
+
+249. Study of a Head from Nature, painted by lamp-light. _Harlow._
+A curious vagary of genius.
+
+258. Daughter of Sir Peter Lely. _Lely._ We take this to be the
+oldest picture in the gallery. Lely has been dead upwards of a century
+and a half.
+
+263. One of _Lawrence's_ Portraits of himself.
+
+286. Sir John Falstaff at Gad's Hill. _T. Stothard_, R.A. The
+figure has not the fleshy rotundity of the Falstaff of Shakspeare; he is
+like a half-stuffed actor in the part.
+
+298. Portrait of the late King when Prince of Wales. _Lawrence._
+The features at this period were remarkably handsome; and considering
+the influence of pre-eminence in birth, the expression is not
+over-tinged with _hauteur_. No persons have their portraits so
+frequently painted as princes; and the artist who has the fortune to
+paint them at all ages, as Lawrence did, must watch their personal
+changes with reflective interest, though he may confine them to the
+tablet of his memory. What an interval between the youthful vigour of
+the above portrait of the Prince and the artist's last, fine
+whole-length of the King, in dignified ease, on the sofa! Alas! lines
+increase in our faces as they do in the imperfect maps of a
+newly-discovered country.
+
+313 and 228. Two Landscapes, by _Lawrence_, reminding us how
+strongly the artist's genius was fettered by public taste in Kneller's
+profitable glory of painting "the living."
+
+In the _Water-colour Room_, are many interesting productions, and
+some curiosities in their way. We have Paul Sandby and the quaintly
+precise Capon beside Glover and Landseer--so that the drawings are as
+motley as the paintings. Here also are Lawrence's inimitable chalk
+portraits of his present Majesty and the Duke of Wellington, which show
+us how much true genius can accomplish in a few lines.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SCHOOL OF PAINTING AT THE BRITISH INSTITUTION.
+
+(_From a Correspondent_.)
+
+
+The present school of painting commenced on the 17th of September, and
+the students, as usual, have made numerous attempts to copy the
+inimitable examples of art which have been selected for their
+improvement. The selections consist of specimens from the Italian,
+Flemish, Dutch, and English schools, and afford ample variety, in style
+and subject, for the different tastes of the students. We are sorry to
+state, however, that only a very few copies can be selected as
+possessing a fair resemblance to the superb originals. We proceed to
+notice those who deserve the most praise:--
+
+_Gainsborough's_ Milk Girl is a most happy production of the
+pencil: the figure possesses great infantile beauty; and the landscape
+is rural, and in perfect harmony with the subject. This work has been
+cleverly copied by Messrs. Sargeant and Lilley in oil, and by Miss Fanny
+Corbaux in water-colour.
+
+An Advocate in his Study--_Ostade_: an exquisitely finished cabinet
+picture. The expression in the advocate's face is excellent, and the
+various objects in his study are in proper keeping with his calling. The
+copy by Mr. Novice is excellent; and those of Messrs. Robson and Higham
+display great ability, though they are not sufficiently finished.
+
+A Sea-shore, attributed to _Backhuysen_, has been studied by Mr.
+Dujardin.
+
+Landscape--_Gaspar Poussin._ This great master admirably delineated
+the grandeur of Italian scenery, and invariably chose to represent it
+when the clouds forboded a storm, or when other accidental effects of
+nature added to the sublimity of the occasion. We generally experience a
+kind of awe while contemplating his works; and this feeling is excited
+by the _chef d'oeuvre_ before us. Several students have attempted
+it in oil; and Messrs. Musgrave, Burbank, and Taylor have copied it in
+water-colour.
+
+Messrs. Marks, Sargeant, and Foster deserve notice for their studies
+from a Landscape with Figures, by _Waterloo_; and a charming
+picture by _Albert Cuyp_, representing a wide champaign country,
+with some well-executed figures in the foreground, has engaged the
+talents of Messrs. Hilder, Child, and Stanley.
+
+_Guido's_ Magdalen has been beautifully copied, on a small scale,
+by Mr. Emmerson; and St. Martin dividing his Garments, by _Rubens_,
+has met with successful imitators in the pencils of Messrs. Middleton
+and Buss. These gentlemen's copies, however, are considerably smaller
+than the original, which is of the dimensions of life.
+
+The Water Mill, a brilliant little picture by _Ruysdael_, has
+employed the pencils of several students;--among the most successful of
+whom are Messrs. Stark, Lee, and Hilder.
+
+View on the Grand Canal, Venice, by _Canaletti_: this is, perhaps,
+the _ne plus ultra_ of the master, and is the property of that
+distinguished patron of the fine arts--Lord Farnborough. Miss Dujardin
+has produced the best copy: she has painted the buildings, boats, &c.,
+with considerable accuracy, and has succeeded in imitating the
+transparency of the water. Miss Cook and Mr. Fowler have also copied
+this work.
+
+Miss F. Corbaux (in water-colour), and Messrs. Sargeant, Robson,
+Simpson, and Lilley (in oil), have well copied the Cupid by _Sir J.
+Reynolds_; and Messrs. Fussel, Hilder, Sims, and Hoffland, deserve
+praise for their copies from a Dutch Village, by _Ruysdael_. A Corn
+Field, by the same master, appears to have been carefully studied by
+Messrs. Lee and Novice.
+
+To conclude: A spirited series of small views in Venice, by
+_Guardi_, have been prettily imitated by Mr. Sargeant and Miss
+Dujardin.
+
+G.W.N.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SCRAPS FROM THE DIARY OF A TRAVELLER.
+
+_Rome_.
+
+
+  If e'er you have seen an artist sketching
+    The purlicus of this ancient city,
+  I need not tell you how much stretching
+    There is of _truth_, to make things pretty;--
+  How trees are brought, perforce, together,
+    Where never tree was known to grow:
+  And founts condemned to trickle, whether
+    There's water for said founts or no;--
+  How ev'n the wonder of the Thane
+    In sketching all its wonder loses,
+  As woods _will_ come to Dunsinane,
+    Or any where the sketcher chooses.
+
+  For instance, if an artist see,--
+  As at romantic Tivoli,--
+  A water-fall and ancient shrine,
+    Beautiful both, but not so plac'd
+  As that his pencil can combine
+    Their features in one _whole_ with taste,--
+  What does he do? why, without scruple,
+  He whips the Temple up, as supple
+  As were those angels who (no doubt)
+  Carried the Virgin's House[11] about,--
+  And lands it plump upon the brink
+    Of the cascade, or whersoever
+  It suits his plaguy taste to think
+    'Twill look most picturesque and clever!
+
+  In short, there's no end to the treacheries
+  Of man or maid who once a sketcher is,
+  The livelier, too, their fancies are,
+    The more they'll falsify each spot;
+  As any dolt can give what's _there_,
+    But men of genius give what's _not_.
+  Then come your travellers, false as they,--
+  All Piranesis, in their way;
+  Eking out bits of truth with fallacies,
+  And turning pig-stys into palaces.
+  But, worst of all, that wordy tribe,
+  Who sit down, hang them, to _describe_;
+
+  Who, if they can but make things fine,
+    Have consciences by no means tender
+  In sinking all that, will not shine,
+    All vulgar facts, that spoil their splendour:--
+  As Irish country squires they say,
+    Whene'er the Viceroy travels nigh,
+  Compound with beggars, on the way,
+    To be lock'd up, till he goes by;
+  And so send back his Lordship marvelling,
+  That Ireland should be deem'd so starveling.
+
+  This cant, for instance,--how profuse 'tis
+  Over the classic page of E----e!
+  Veiling the truth in such fine phrase,
+    That we for poetry might take it,
+  Were it not dull as prose, and praise,
+    And endless elegance can make it.--T. MOORE.
+
+
+_Metropolitan_.
+
+    [11] The Santa Casa.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ASMODEUS IN LONDON.
+
+(_From the New Monthly Magazine_.)
+
+
+I was alone with Sleep.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+I woke with a singular sense of feebleness and exhaustion, and turning
+my dizzy eyes---beheld the walls and furniture of my own chamber in
+London. Asmodeus was seated by my side reading a Sunday newspaper--his
+favourite reading.
+
+"Ah!" said I, stretching myself with so great an earnestness, that I
+believed at first my stature had been increased by the malice of the
+Wizard, and that I stretched from one end of the room to the other--"Ah!
+dear Asmodeus, how pleasant it is to find myself on earth again! After
+all, these romantic wonders only do for a short time. Nothing like
+London when one has been absent from it upon a Syntax search after the
+Picturesque!"
+
+"London is indeed a charming place,"--said the Devil--"all our
+fraternity are very fond of it--it is the custom for the Parisians to
+call it dull. What an instance of the vanity of patriotism--there is
+vice enough in it to make any reasonable man cheerful."
+
+"Yes: the gaiety of Paris is really a delusion. How poor its shops--how
+paltry its equipages--how listless its crowds--compared with those of
+London! If it was only for the pain in walking their accursed stones,
+sloping down to a river in the middle of the street--all sense of idle
+enjoyment would be spoilt. But in London--'the hum, the stir, the din of
+men'--the activity and flush of life everywhere--the brilliant
+shops--the various equipages--the signs of luxury, wealth, restlessness,
+that meet you on all sides--give a much more healthful and vigorous
+bound to the spirits, than the indolent loungers of the Tuileries,
+spelling a thrice-read French paper which contains nothing, or sitting
+on chairs by the hour together, unwilling to stir because they have paid
+a penny for the seat--ever enjoy. O! if London would seem gay after
+Paris, how much more so after a visit to the interior of the Earth.
+And what is the news, my Asmodeus?"
+
+"The Theatres have re-opened. Apropos of them--I will tell you a fine
+instance of the futility of human ambition. Mr. Monck Mason took the
+King's Theatre, saith report--(which is the creed of devils)--in order
+to bring out an opera of his own, which Mr. Laporte, with a very
+uncourteous discretion, had thought fit to refuse. The season
+passes--and Mr. Monck Mason has ruined himself without being able to
+bring out his opera after all! What a type of speculation. A speculator
+is one who puts a needle in a hay-stack, and then burns all his hay
+without finding the needle. It is hard to pay too dear for one's
+whistle--but still more hard if one never plays a tune on the whistle
+one pays for. Still the world has lost a grand pleasure in not seeing
+damned an Opera written by the Manager of the Opera-house,--it would
+have been such a consolation to all the rejected operatives,--it would
+have been the prettiest hardship entailed on a great man ever since the
+time of that speaker who was forced himself to put the question whether
+he had been guilty of bribery, and should be expelled the House, and had
+the pleasure of hearing the Ayes predominate. _Je me mête_ with the
+affairs of the Theatre--they are in my diabolic province, you know. But
+if the stage be the fosterer of vice, as you know it is said, vice just
+at this moment in England has very unattractive colours."
+
+"Ah, wait till we break the monopoly. But even now have we not the
+'Hunchback?'
+
+"Yes; the incarnation of the golden mediocre: a stronger proof, by the
+hyperbolic praise it receives, of the decline of the drama than even the
+abundance of trash from which it gleams. Anything at all decent from a
+new dramatic author will obtain success far more easily than much higher
+merit, in another line; literary rivalship not having yet been directed
+much towards the stage, there are not literary jealousies resolved and
+united against a dramatist's as against a poet's or a novelist's
+success. Every one can praise those pretensions, however humble, which
+do not interfere with his own."
+
+"It is very true; there is never any very great merit, at least in a new
+author, when you don't hear the abuse louder than the admiration. And
+now, Asmodeus, with your leave, I will prepare for breakfast, and our
+morning's walk."
+
+"Oh, dear, dear London, dear even in October! Regent-street, I salute
+you!--Bond-street, my good fellow, how are you? And you, O beloved
+Oxford-street! whom the 'Opium Eater' called 'stony-hearted,' and whom
+I, eating no opium, and speaking as I find, shall ever consider the
+most kindly and maternal of all streets--the street of the middle
+classes--busy without uproar, wealthy without ostentation. Ah, the
+pretty ancles that trip along thy pavement! Ah, the odd country
+cousin-bonnets that peer into thy windows, which are lined with cheap
+yellow shawls, price £1. 4s. marked in the corner! Ah, the brisk young
+lawyers flocking from their quarters at the back of Holborn! Ah, the
+quiet old ladies, living in Duchess-street, and visiting thee with their
+eldest daughters in the hope of a bargain! Ah, the bumpkins from Norfolk
+just disgorged by the Bull and Mouth--the soldiers--the milliners--the
+Frenchmen--the swindlers, the porters with four-post beds on their back,
+who add the excitement of danger to that of amusement! The various,
+shifting, motley group, that belong to Oxford-street, and Oxford-street
+alone. What thoroughfares equal thee in variety of human specimens! in
+the choice of objects--for remark--satire--admiration! Beside the other
+streets seem chalked out for a sect,--narrow-minded and devoted to a
+_coterie_. Thou alone art Catholic--all receiving. Regent-street
+belongs to foreigners, cigars, and ladies in red silk, whose characters
+are above scandal. Bond-street belongs to dandies and picture-buyers.
+St. James's to club-loungers, and young men in the Guards, with
+mustachios properly blackened by the _cire_ of Mr. Delcroix; but
+thou, Oxford-street, what class can especially claim thee as its own?
+Thou mockest at oligarchies; thou knowest nothing of select orders!
+Thou art liberal as air--a chartered libertine! accepting the homage
+of all, and retaining the stamp of none. And to call _thee_
+stony-hearted!--certainly thou art so to beggars--to people who have not
+the WHEREWITHAL; but thou wouldst not be so respectable if thou wert not
+capable of a certain reserve to paupers. Thou art civil enough, in all
+conscience, to those who have a shilling in their pocket;--those who
+have not, why do they live at all?"
+
+"That's not exactly what surprises me," said Asmodeus; "I don't wonder
+_why_ they live, but _where_ they live: for I perceive boards
+in every parish proclaiming that no vagrant--that is, no person who is
+too poor to pay for his lodging--will be permitted to stay there. Where
+then does he stay?--every parish unites against him--not a spot of
+ground is lawful for him to stand on. At length he is passed on to
+his own parish; the meaning of which is, that not finding a decent
+livelihood in one place, the laws prevent his seeking it at any other.
+By the way, it would not be a bad plan to substitute a vagrant for a
+fox, and, to hunt him regularly, you might hunt him with a pack of
+respectable persons belonging to the middle class, and eat him when he's
+caught. That would be the shortest way to get rid of the race. You might
+proclaim a reward for every vagrant's head: it would gain the King more
+honour with the rate-payers than clearing the country of wolves won to
+his predecessor. What wolf eats so much as a beggar? What wolf so
+troublesome, so famished, and so good for nothing? People are quite
+right in judging a man's virtue by his wealth; for when a man has not a
+shilling he soon grows a rogue. He must live on his wits, and a man's
+wits have no conscience when his stomach is empty. We are all very poor
+in Hell--very; if we were rich, Satan says, justly, that we should
+become idle."
+
+I know not how it is, but my frame is one peculiarly susceptible to
+ennui. There's no man so instantaneously bored. What activity does this
+singular constitution in all cases produce! All who are sensitive to
+ennui do eight times the work of a sleek, contented man. Anything but a
+large chair by the fireside, and a family circle! Oh! the bore of going
+every day over the same exhausted subjects, to the same dull persons of
+respectability; yet that is the doom of all domesticity. Then
+_pleasure_! A wretched play--a hot opera, under the ghostly
+fathership of Mr. Monck Mason--a dinner of sixteen, with such silence
+or _such_ conversation!--a water-party to Richmond, to catch cold
+and drink bad sauterne--a flirtation, which fills all your friends with
+alarm, and your writing-desk with love-letters you don't like to burn,
+and are afraid of being seen; nay, published, perhaps, one fine day,
+that you may go by some d----d pet name ever afterwards!--hunting in a
+thick mist--shooting in furze bushes, that "feelingly persuade you what
+you are"--"the bowl," as the poets call the bottles of claret that never
+warm you, but whose thin stream, like the immortal river,--
+
+  "Flows and as it flows, for ever may flow on;"
+
+
+or the port that warms you indeed: yes, into a bilious headach and a low
+fever. Yet all these things are pleasures!--parts of social enjoyment!
+They fill out the corners of the grand world--they inspire the minor's
+dreams--they pour crowds into St. James's, Doctors' Commons, and Melton
+Mowbray--they----Oh! confound them all!--it bores one even to write
+about them.
+
+Only just returned to London, and, after so bright a panegyric on it,
+I already weary of the variety of its samenesses. Shall I not risk the
+fate of Faust, and fall in love--ponderously and _bonâ fide_? Or
+shall I go among the shades of the deceased, and amuse myself with
+chatting to Dido and Julius Caesar? Verily, reader, I leave you for the
+present to guess my determination.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+DOMESTIC HINTS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WASTE OF BONES
+
+
+Is at all times reprehensible, but more especially as they are employed
+as a manure for dry soils, with the very best effect. They are commonly
+ground and drilled in, in the form of powder, with turnip seed. Mr.
+Huskisson estimated the real value of bones annually imported,
+(principally from the Netherlands and Germany) for the purpose of being
+used as a manure, at 100,000_l._; and he contended that it was not
+too much to suppose that an advance of between 100,000_l._ and
+200,000_l._ expended on this article occasioned 500,000 additional
+quarters of corn to be brought to market.--_Loudon's Encycl.
+Agricult._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GOOD FLOUR.
+
+According to the assize acts, a sack of flour weighing 280 lbs. is
+supposed capable of being baked into 80 quartern loaves; one-fifth of
+the loaf being supposed to consist of water and salt, and four-fifths of
+flour. But the number of loaves that may be baked from a sack of flour
+_depends entirely_ on its goodness. Good flour requires more water
+than bad flour, and old flour than new flour. Sometimes 82, 83, and even
+86 loaves have been made from a sack of flour, and sometimes hardly 80.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LEGAL ADULTERATION OF BREAD.
+
+Within the city of London, and in those places in the country where an
+assize is not set, it is lawful for the bakers to make and sell bread
+made of wheat, barley, rye, oats, buckwheat, Indian corn, peas, beans,
+rice, or potatoes, or any of them, along with common salt, pure water,
+eggs, milk, barm, leaven, potato or other yeast, and _mixed in such
+proportions as they shall think fit_. (3 Geo. IV. c. 106, and 1 and 2
+Geo. IV. c. 50.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HIGH PRICE OF COALS IN LONDON.
+
+Much has frequently been said of the monopoly of coal-owners; "but,"
+observes Mr. Macculloch, "we are satisfied, after a pretty careful
+investigation of the circumstances, that no such monopoly has ever
+existed; and that the high price of coal in the metropolis is to be
+ascribed wholly to the various duties and charges that have been laid
+upon it, from the time that it has passed from the hands of the owner,
+to the time that it is lodged in the cellar of the consumer."--_Dict.
+Commerce, &c._ 1832.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ROASTING COFFEE.
+
+Coffee in this country is rarely well roasted; and in this consists
+its chief excellence. Dr. Moseley long since observed--"The roasting
+of the berry to a proper degree requires great nicety: the virtue and
+agreeableness of the drink depend upon it; and both are often injured
+by the ordinary method. Bernier says, when he was at Cairo, where coffee
+is so much used, he was assured by the best judges, that there were
+only two people in that great city who understood how to prepare it in
+perfection. If it be underdone, its virtues will not be imparted, and,
+in use, it will load and oppress the stomach; if it be overdone, it will
+yield a flat, burnt, and bitter taste, its virtues will be destroyed,
+and, in use, it will heat the body, and act as an astringent." The
+desirable colour of roasted coffee is that of cinnamon. Coffee-berries
+readily imbibe exhalations from other bodies, and thereby acquire an
+adventitious and disagreeable flavour. Sugar placed near coffee will, in
+a short time, so impregnate the berries as to injure their flavour. Dr.
+Moseley mentions, that a few bags of pepper, on board a ship from India,
+spoiled a whole cargo of coffee.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_History of "The Merry Devil of Edmonton" and "The Witch of
+Edmonton."--_Lysons, in his _Environs of London_, says, "There
+is a fable (says Norden) of one Peter Fabell, that lyeth in Edmonton
+church, who is said to have beguiled the devell by policie for money;
+but the devell is deceit itselfe, and hardly deceived."--"Belike (says
+Weever) he was some ingenious, conceited gentleman, who did use some
+sleightie tricks for his own disport. He lived and died in the reign of
+Henry the Seventh, says the book of his merry pranks." The book Weever
+refers to is a pamphlet, now very scarce, called "_The Life and Death
+of the Merry Devil of Edmonton, with the Pleasant Pranks of Smug the
+Smith, &c."_ These pleasant pranks compose the greater part of the
+book, which informs us that Peter Fabell was born at Edmonton, and lived
+and died there in the reign of Henry VII. He is called "an excellent
+scholar, and well seene in the arte of magick." His story was worked up
+into a play, called "The Merry Devil of Edmonton," which has been
+falsely attributed to Shakspeare, but is now generally supposed to have
+been written by Michael Drayton. There are five editions of this play;
+the first came out in 1608; the scene is laid at Edmonton and Enfield.
+Edmonton has furnished the stage with another drama, called, "The Witch
+of Edmonton."
+
+  "The town of Edmonton has lent the stage
+  A Devil and a Witch, both in an age."
+
+
+says the prologue to this play, which is said to be founded on a known
+true story, and exhibits various witchcrafts practised upon the
+neighbourhood by one Mother Sawyer, whose portrait with that of her
+familiar (a dog, called Tom, which is one of the _dramatis personae_,)
+is in the title-page. In the last act, Mrs. Sawyer is led out to
+execution. Thus far Lysons.--Many curious particulars relating to Mrs.
+Sawyer may be seen in a quarto pamphlet, published in 1621, under the
+title, of _The wonderful discoverie of Elizabeth Sawyer, a witch, late
+of Edmonton; her conviction, her condemnation, and death; together with
+the relation of the Divel's accesse to her, and their conference
+together. Written by Henry Goodcole, Minister of the Word of God, and
+her continued visitor in the Goale of Newgate._ The play of "The
+Merry Devil of Edmonton" was performed at the Globe, on the Bank-side.
+"The Witch of Edmonton" was often acted at the Cock-pit, in Drury-lane,
+and once at Court, with singular applause. It was never printed till the
+year 1658; and was composed by Rowley, Dekker, and Ford, as a
+tragi-comedy.
+
+P.T.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Moody the Actor_ was an avaricious man. He once lent money to Mr.
+Brereton, the actor; Brereton did not return it immediately, and Moody
+waited with some degree of patience. At length, the first time Moody met
+him, he looked earnestly at him, and vented a kind of noise between a
+sigh and a groan. He repeated this interjection whenever he met
+Brereton, who at length was so annoyed, that he put his hand in his
+pocket and paid him. Moody took the money, and with a gentler aspect
+said, "Did I ask you for it, Billy?"--Speaking of Sheridan, Moody once
+said, "I have the highest respect for Mr. Sheridan; I honour his
+talents, and would do anything to show my friendship for him, but take
+his word."--_Taylor._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_A Cruel Physiognomist._--Quin said of Macklin, "If God writes a
+legible hand, that fellow is a villain." At another time, Quin had the
+hardihood to say to Macklin himself, "Mr. Macklin, by the _lines_--I
+beg your pardon, sir--by the _cordage_ of your face, you should
+be hanged."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"_The Grand Pause._"--Macklin had three pauses in his acting--the
+first, moderate; the second, twice as long; but his last, or "grand
+pause," as he styled it, was so long, that the prompter, on one
+occasion, thinking his memory failed, repeated the cue (as it is
+technically called) several times, and at last so loud as to be heard by
+the audience. At length Macklin rushed from the stage, and knocked him
+down, exclaiming, "The fellow interrupted me in my grand pause!"
+
+_John Gilpin_.--Henderson, the actor, in his public readings, first
+brought into notice the humorous tale of John Gilpin, which he recited
+with such spirit and comic effect that it drew public attention to the
+poems of Cowper in general, which, excellent as they are, particularly
+_The Task_, were but little known at the time, though they are now
+justly in universal estimation.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Bibb the Engraver._--Taylor relates: How Bibb supported himself,
+having relinquished engraving, it would be difficult to conceive, if he
+had not levied taxes upon all whom he knew, insomuch that, besides his
+title of Count, he acquired that of "Half-crown Bibb," by which
+appellation he was generally distinguished; and according to a rough,
+and, perhaps, fanciful estimate, he had borrowed at least 2,000_l._
+in half-crowns. I remember to have met him on the day when the death of
+Dr. Johnson was announced in the newspapers, and, expressing my regret
+at the loss of so great a man, Bibb interrupted me, and spoke of him as
+a man of no genius, whose mind contained nothing but the lumber of
+learning. I was modestly beginning a panegyric upon the doctor, when he
+again interrupted me with, "Oh! never mind, that old blockhead. Have you
+such a thing as ninepence about you?" Luckily for him I had a little
+more.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Worst Leg_--Theophilus Cibber was by no means wanting in abilities
+or humour. He had ill-formed legs; and having projected one of them in
+company, which was noticed with a laugh, he offered to lay a wager that
+there was a worse in company; and it being accepted, he put forward his
+other leg, which was indeed more ill-shaped than the other.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_A Painter's Gratitude_.--Zoffani, the celebrated painter, who was
+born at Frankfort, 1735, came to England, as a painter of small
+portraits, when he was about the age of thirty years. He had the honour
+to be employed by his Majesty, and painted portraits of the royal
+family; and he was engaged by the Queen, to paint for her a view of the
+Tribune of the Gallery of Florence. He was somewhat of a humorist; and
+it is said of him, that whilst he was engaged painting in the Florentine
+Gallery, the Emperor of Germany visited the Grand Duke; and coining up
+to Zoffani, in the Gallery, was much pleased with his performance, and
+asked him his name; and on hearing it, inquired what countryman he was,
+when he answered, "An Englishman."--"Why," said the Emperor, "your name
+is German!"--"True," returned the painter. "I was born in Germany, that
+was accidental; _I call that my country where I have been
+protected!_" He was a member of the Royal Academy, and died in 1808.
+
+P.T.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Watching for the Soul._--Margaret of Valois, Queen of Navarre,
+being present at the death-bed of one of her maids of honour, continued
+to fix her eyes on the dying person with uncommon eagerness and
+perseverance till she breathed her last. The ladies of the Court
+expressed their astonishment at this conduct, and requested to know what
+satisfaction her majesty could derive from so close an inspection of the
+agonies of death. Her answer marked a most daring and inquisitive mind.
+She said that having often heard the most learned doctors and
+ecclesiastics assert, that on the extinction of the body the immortal
+part was set at liberty and unloosed, she could not restrain her anxious
+curiosity to observe if such separation were visible or discernible;
+that none had she been able in any degree to discover. She was suspected
+of Hugonotism, and was so devout as to compose hymns.
+
+_Harvest-home._--This custom a Correspondent believes to be
+exclusively English; and its rapid disuse in many parts of England
+cannot be but a source of regret to those who study the moral enjoyment
+of the labouring classes of society. The social meal is now recompensed
+by a trifling sum of money, which is either the resource of drunkenness
+and debauchery, or at best is but comparatively ill-spent.
+
+_All things by Comparison._--Aristippus being reprehended of luxury
+by one that was not rich, for that he gave six crowns for a small fish,
+answered, "Why, what would you have, given?" The other said, "Some
+twelve pence." Aristippus said again, "And six crowns is no more with
+me."
+
+P.T.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+_Epitaphs._--At Castle Camps, in Cambridgeshire, is the following
+quaint epitaph on a former rector--
+
+  Mors mortis morti mortem nisi morte dedisset,
+  Aeternae Vitae Janua clausa foret.
+
+
+The translation is obviously, "unless the Death of Death (Christ) had
+given death to Death by his own death, the gate of eternal life had been
+closed." A poetic specimen of declension!
+
+At Babraham, in Cambridgeshire, is this on Orazio Palovicini, who was
+the last deputed to this country to collect the Peter-pence; but instead
+of returning to Rome, he divided the spoil with the Queen, and bought
+the estate at Babraham.--
+
+  Here lies Orazio Pulovicin,
+  Who robb'd the Pope to pay the Queen.
+  He was a thief:--A thief? thou liest!
+  For why?--He robb'd but antichrist.
+  Him Death with besom swept from Babraham,
+  Unto the bosom of old Abraham;
+  Then came Hercules, with his club,
+  And knocked him down to Beelzebub.
+
+
+INDAGATOR.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE ANNUALS FOR 1833.
+
+
+  With our next Number, a SUPPLEMENT,
+  CONTAINING THE
+  Spirit of the Annuals for 1833:
+  With a fine Engraving, &c.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset
+House,) London; sold by G.G. BENNIS, 55, Rue Neuve, St. Augustin, Paris;
+CHARLES JUGEL, Francfort; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, No. 578, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, ***
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@@ -0,0 +1,2671 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
+
+<title>The Mirror of Literature, Issue 578.</title>
+
+  <style type="text/css">
+  <!--
+  body                 {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;}
+  p                    {text-align: justify;}
+  blockquote           {text-align: justify;}
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+  pre                  {font-size: 0.7em;}
+
+  hr                   {text-align: center; width: 50%;}
+  html>body hr         {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;}
+  hr.full              {width: 100%;}
+  html>body hr.full    {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;}
+
+  .note, .footnote     {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;}
+
+  span.pagenum         {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; font-size: 8pt;}
+
+  .poem                {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;}
+  .poem .stanza        {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;}
+  .poem p              {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;}
+  .poem p.i2           {margin-left: 1em;}
+  .poem p.i4           {margin-left: 2em;}
+  .poem p.i6           {margin-left: 3em;}
+  .poem p.i8           {margin-left: 4em;}
+
+  .figure              {padding: 1em; margin: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em; margin: auto;}
+  .figure img          {border: none;}
+  -->
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, No. 578, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, No. 578
+       Vol. XX, No. 578. Saturday, December 1, 1832
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: November 10, 2004 [EBook #14008]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the PG Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+ <hr class="full" />
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page353" name="page353"></a>[pg 353]</span>
+
+  <h1>THE MIRROR<br />
+  OF<br />
+  LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <table width="100%" summary="Banner">
+    <tr>
+      <td align="left"><b>VOL. XX, NO. 578.]</b></td>
+      <td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1832.</b></td>
+      <td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>TANFIELD ARCH, DURHAM.</h2>
+
+<div class="figure" style="width: 100%;">
+<a href="images/m578-1.png"><img width="100%" src="images/m578-1.png"
+alt="Tanfield Arch, Durham." /></a>
+<small><b>TANFIELD ARCH, DURHAM.</b></small>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+Tanfield is a considerable village, situated seven miles from Gateshead,
+in the county of Durham, and eight miles in a south-west direction from
+Newcastle-on-Tyne. The above arch is about a mile from the village, and
+crosses a deep dell, called Causey Burne, down which an insignificant
+streamlet finds its sinuous course. The site possesses some picturesque
+beauty, though its silvan pride be
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  After a season gay and brief,</p>
+           <p>  Condemn'd to fade and flee.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+It has much of the poet's "bosky bourne," and beside
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  The huddling brooklet's secret brim,</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+his pensive mind may feed upon the natural glories of the scene; while,
+attuned to melancholy,
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  In hollow music sighing through the glade,</p>
+<p class="i2">    The breeze of autumn strikes the startled ear,</p>
+           <p>  And fancy, pacing through the woodland shade,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Hears in the gust the requiem of the year.</p>
+<p style="text-align: right;">
+KIRKE WHITE'S <i>Early Poems</i>.
+</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+The ARCH was an architectural wonder of the last century. It was built
+in the year 1729, as a passage for the wagon-way, or rail-road for the
+conveyance of coals from collieries in the vicinity of Tanfield, which
+were the property of an association called "the Great Allies." It is a
+magnificent stone structure, one hundred and thirty feet in the span,
+springing from abutments nine feet high, to the height of sixty feet:
+a dial is placed on the top with a suitable inscription. The expense
+of its construction is stated to have amounted to 12,000<i>l.</i>; the
+masonry is reputed to be extremely good, and the arch itself is nearly
+perfect, though it is now only known as a foot-way, the collieries for
+the use of which it was built, being no longer worked: previously it was
+but a private road-way. In Cooke's <i>Topography</i> we find it stated,
+(though it is not mentioned upon what authority,) that the architect
+built a former arch which fell, and that the apprehension of the second
+experiencing the same fate induced him to commit suicide.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Before the building of the New London Bridge, the arch at Tanfield is
+said to have been the largest stone arch in existence. The span of the
+central arch of the bridge is 152 feet; and that of the arches on each
+side of the centre, 140 feet: the span of the arches of Waterloo Bridge
+is 120 feet; so that the reader may form a tolerably correct estimate of
+the arch at Tanfield.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page354" name="page354"></a>[pg 354]</span>
+</p>
+
+
+<h3>
+	THE RESTING-PLACE.
+</h3>
+
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Where shall this wounded, aching breast.</p>
+           <p>  Find a couch of soothing rest&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i4">      A respite from its woes?</p>
+           <p>  Friend! mark'st thou that grassy bed,</p>
+           <p>  The cold, clay dwelling of the dead&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i4">      There, there is sure repose.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  When shall this soul, so long borne down</p>
+           <p>  By Fate's despite and with'ring frown,</p>
+<p class="i4">      A rescue know from care?</p>
+           <p>  Friend! when that dark home is thine,</p>
+           <p>  Never more thy heart shall pine&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i4">      Grim sorrow comes not there.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  When thy name is of that number,</p>
+           <p>  Sound and sweet will be thy slumber;&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  All earthly pangs and troubles cease,</p>
+           <p>  Nor dare invade that house of peace.</p>
+           <p>  On that pillow, ozier drest,</p>
+           <p>  The worn, the "weary are at rest."</p>
+           <p>  Thy broken heart shall cease to sigh,</p>
+           <p>  And tears forsake that sunken eye;&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  No dreams distract that holy sleep&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  No tempests break that calm so deep.</p>
+           <p>  Come, then!&mdash;forsaken, wearied, come!</p>
+           <p>  Here is for thee a peaceful home.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p><i>Sarum.</i></p>
+<h4>COLBOURNE.</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	THE HORSE "ECLIPSE."
+</h3>
+
+
+<p>
+A warm&mdash;hearted Correspondent, "W.C." of <i>Milton</i> (who is anxious
+for our accuracy on all points), wishes us to correct an error or two in
+the account of <i>Eclipse</i>, at p. 362, vol. xix. of <i>The Mirror</i>. It is
+there stated that Mr. Wildman sold the moiety of Eclipse to Colonel
+O'Kelly, for 650 guineas; and that O'Kelly subsequently bought the other
+moiety for 1,100 guineas. But, our Correspondent, who was for many years
+intimate with both the above gentlemen, assures us that "the Colonel
+gave to Mr. Wildman 2,000<i>l.</i> for a moiety of Eclipse, and
+subsequently 2,000<i>l.</i> for the other moiety&mdash;making the whole
+purchase-money 4,000<i>l</i>."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In the page wherein the above mis-statement appears is another error,
+respecting the speed of <i>Childers</i>&mdash;"over the round course at
+Newmarket, 3 miles, 6 furlongs, and 93 yards, in 6 minutes and 40
+seconds; to perform which, he must have moved 82-1/2 feet in a second of
+time, or at the rate of nearly one mile in a minute." We have referred
+to the work whence the above was quoted (<i>Hist. Epsom</i>, p. 103),
+and find it to correspond with our reprint. The calculation is evidently
+incorrect: for Childers would thus appear scarcely to have exceeded half
+a mile a minute.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+<h2>
+	THE NATURALIST.
+</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	POISON OF THE HORNED VIPER.
+</h3>
+
+<center>
+(<i>Cerastes Coluber.</i>)
+</center>
+
+
+<p>
+Mr. Madden, whilst in Thebes, killed one of these animals, for the
+purpose of extracting its poison, which he found in a small membrane in
+the front of the jaw under the two hollow teeth. Having collected the
+venom carefully on a piece of glass, he examined it with a microscope,
+and found it to consist of sharp, saline spiculae, of a reticular
+appearance, extremely minute. "Half of this I gave to a dog, in a piece
+of meat&mdash;it produced no sensible effect; I then diluted the remainder,
+smeared the point of a lancet with it, and wounded the dog in the
+shoulder: this application he only survived three hours."'&mdash;<i>Madden's
+Travels.</i>
+</p>
+
+<h4>MEDICUS.</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	FISH BATTLE.
+</h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Captain Crow, in a work published a short time since, relates the
+following as having occurred on a voyage to Memel:&mdash;"One morning during
+a cairn, when near the Hebrides, all hands were called up at three
+o'clock, to witness a battle between several of the fish called
+thrashers and some sword-fish on one side, and an enormous whale on the
+other. It was in the middle of summer, and the weather being clear, and
+the fish close to the vessel, we had a fine opportunity of witnessing
+the contest. As soon as the whale's back appeared above the water, the
+thrashers, springing several yards into the air, descended with great
+violence upon the object of their rancour, and inflicted upon him the
+most severe slaps with their tails, the sound of which resembled the
+reports of muskets fired at a distance. The sword-fish, in their turn,
+attacked the distressed whale, stabbing him from below;&mdash;and thus beset
+on all sides, and wounded, when the poor creature appeared, the water
+around him was dyed with blood. In this manner they continued tormenting
+and wounding him for many hours, until we lost sight of him; and I have
+no doubt they, in the end, accomplished his destruction."
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+W.G.C.
+</h4>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+<h2>
+	NOTES OF A READER.
+</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	INFLUENCE OF THE MIND ON THE BODY.
+</h3>
+
+
+<p>
+"Should the body sue the mind before a court of judicature, for damages,
+it would be found that the mind would prove to have been a ruinous
+tenant to its landlord."&mdash;<i>Plutarch</i>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+[We abridge these interesting facts from "An Inquiry into the Influence
+of the Mind and Passions on the Body, in the production of Disease"&mdash;in
+No. 11 of the <i>London Medical and Surgical Journal</i>.<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> The whole
+paper is written in as clear, concise, and popular a style as the
+subject will allow, and its importance demands the attention of the
+reader; although we have not thought it to our purpose to follow the
+writer to the main object&mdash;or how these causes operate in the
+<i>production of disease</i>.]
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Descartes observes, that the soul is so
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page355" name="page355"></a>[pg 355]</span>
+much influenced by the constitution of our bodily organs, that if it
+were possible to find out a method of increasing our penetration, it
+should certainly be sought for in medicine, the connexion between the
+body and mind, is, in fact, so strong, that it is difficult to conceive
+how one of them should act, and the other not be sensible, in a greater
+or less degree, of that action. The organs of sense, by which we
+acquire all our ideas of external objects, when acted upon, convey the
+subject of thought to the nervous fibres of the brain; and while the
+mind is employed in thinking, the part of the brain is in a greater or
+less degree of motion; a large quantity of blood is transmitted to the
+brain, the action of the arteries become increased, and the nervous
+system sensibly affected.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Plato has remarked, with reference to the influence of the mind on the
+corporeal frame, "Where the action of the soul is too powerful, it
+attacks the body so powerfully that it throws it into a consuming state;
+if the soul exerts itself in a peculiar manner on certain occasions, the
+body is made sensible of it, for it becomes heated and debilitated." An
+Italian physician also observes on this subject, that the union of the
+soul with the body is so intimate, that they reciprocally share the good
+or evil which happens to either of them. The mind cannot put forth its
+powers when the body is tired with inordinate exercise and too close
+application to study destroys the body by dissipating the animal spirits
+which are necessary to recruit it.<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The knowledge of the influence of the passions of the mind over the
+bodily functions, is of ancient date. Plato, in his "<i>Timaeus</i>,"
+states it as his firm conviction, that the spirit exerted a marked
+influence in producing disease. This opinion was afterwards revived by
+Helmont, Hesper Doloeus, and Stahl; the latter plainly says, that the
+rational soul presides over and directs the animal functions. In this
+doctrine he was followed by Nichols, in his "<i>Anima Medica</i>."
+According to the doctrines of Stahl, the disorders of the body proceed
+principally from the mind; and, according as it is variously affected,
+it produces different effects (diseases.) Hence, when the mind, which
+animates the most robust and best organized body, is violently agitated
+by fright, rage, grief, vehement desire, or any other passion, whether
+sudden, or attended by long and painful sensations, the body manifestly
+suffers, and a variety of diseases, as apoplexy, palsy, madness, fever,
+and hysterics, may be the consequence. If this be true, an attention to
+the regulations of the mind is of much more importance than physicians
+seem disposed to admit. The poet of health justly says,
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "'Tis the great art of life to manage well</p>
+           <p>  The restless mind."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+In the course of this vitally important and deeply-interesting subject
+of inquiry, it is not my intention to enter into any metaphysical
+discussion respecting the inscrutable and mysterious union existing
+between matter and mind, or to endeavour to point out the manner in
+which the body influences the mind, and the mind the body. Such subjects
+we do not think to be legitimate objects of inquiry. The medical
+philosopher is engaged in less obscure and less uncertain researches; he
+does not attempt to solve the question regarding the intimate union
+subsisting between the natural and intellectual portions of our nature,
+but he wisely confines himself to an attentive examination of the
+phenomena which result from that union. Man is compounded of a soul and
+body, so closely united, not <i>identified,</i> that they frequently
+struggle and occasionally overpower each other. Sometimes the mind
+ascends the throne and subdues, in a moment, the physical energies of
+the most powerful of her subjects. At other times the body gains the
+ascendency, and lays prostrate before her the mightiest of human
+intellects. Instances illustrative of both propositions are of daily
+occurrence. It has been said of Sophocles, that being desirous of
+proving that at an advanced age he was in full possession of his
+intellectual faculties, he composed a tragedy, was crowned, and died
+through joy. The same thing happened to Philippides, the comic writer.
+M. Juventius Thalma, on being told that a triumph had been decreed to
+him for having subdued Corsica, fell down dead before the altar at which
+he was offering up his thanksgiving. Zimmerman, in his work on
+Experience in Physic, has related the circumstance of a worthy family in
+Holland being reduced to indigence; the elder brother passed over to the
+East Indies, acquired considerable fortune there, and returning home
+presented his sister with the richest jewel: the young woman, at this
+unexpected change of fortune became motionless and died. The famous
+Forquet died on being told that Louis XIV. had restored him to his
+liberty. It is also related of Diodorus Chronos, who was considered as
+the most subtle logician of the time of Ptolemy Soter, that Stilbo one
+day in the presence of the king, proposed a question to him, to which he
+was unable to reply. The king, willing to cover him with shame,
+pronounced only one part of his name, and called him <i>ovos</i>, ass,
+instead of Chronos. Diodorus was so much affected at this as to die soon
+afterwards.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Perhaps there is not a more remarkable instance on record showing, in a
+melancholy though forcible light, the dominion of mind over the material
+frame, than the circumstances which attended the death of John Hunter.
+This distinguished surgeon and physiologist died in a fit of enraged
+passion;
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page356" name="page356"></a>[pg 356]</span>
+and, what is somewhat extraordinary, he had often predicted that such
+excitement would prove fatal to him. He died at St. George's Hospital,
+Oct. 16, 1793, under these circumstances: being there in the exercise of
+his official duty as surgeon, he had a warm dispute with Dr. Pearson, on
+a professional subject; upon which he said, "I must retire, for I feel
+an agitation which will be fatal to me if I increase it." He immediately
+withdrew into an adjoining room; but Dr. Pearson, not being willing to
+give up his argument, followed him, which so annoyed Hunter, that he
+vehemently exclaimed, "You have followed me on purpose to be the death
+of me! You have murdered me!" and instantly fell and expired! Mrs.
+Byron, the mother of the noble bard, is said to have died in a fit of
+passion. Mr. Moore, in his life of Lord Byron, in speaking of Mrs.
+Byron's illness, says,&mdash;"At the end of July her illness took a new and
+fatal turn; and so sadly characteristic was the close of the poor lady's
+life, that a fit of ague, brought on, it is said, by reading the
+upholsterer's bills, was the ultimate cause of her death." A somewhat
+similar circumstance is recorded of Malbranche. The only interview that
+Bishop Berkley and Malbranche had was in the latter philosopher's cell,
+when the conversation turned upon the non-existence of matter, and
+Malbranche is said to have exerted himself so much in the discussion
+that he died in consequence. Sanctorius relates an instance of a famous
+orator, who so far exerted his mind in delivering an oration that he
+became, in a few hours, quite insane.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The effect of a too close application of mind to study on the bodily
+health has long been a matter of common observation. The Roman orator,
+Cicero, points out forcibly the dangers arising from inordinate exertion
+of mind; and he has laid down some rules for guarding against the
+effects of study. M. Van Swieten, in alluding to this subject, relates
+the case of a man whose health was severely injured, by what he calls
+"literary watchings." Whenever he listened with any attention to any
+story, or trifling tale, he was seized with giddiness; he was in violent
+agonies whenever he wanted to recollect any thing which had slipped his
+memory; he oftentimes fainted away gradually, and experienced a
+disagreeable sensation of lassitude. Rousseau has very justly remarked,
+that excessive application of mind "makes men tender, weakens their
+constitutions, and when once the body has lost its powers, those of the
+soul are not easily preserved. Application wears out the machine,
+exhausts the spirits, destroys the strength, enervates the mind, makes
+us pusillanimous, unable either to bear fatigue, or to keep our passions
+under."<a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Shakspeare appears to have formed a just conception of the great injury
+which the corporeal frame experiences from a too close application of
+mind. The immortal bard observes,&mdash;
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "&mdash;&mdash;Universal plodding poisons up</p>
+           <p>  The nimble spirits in the arteries</p>
+           <p>  As motion and long-during action tires</p>
+           <p>  The sinewy vigour of the traveller."</p>
+<p style="text-align: right;"><i>Love's Labour Lost.</i></p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+In the consultations of Wesper we find related the history of a young
+man of family 22 years of age, who, having applied himself incessantly
+to intense mental exertion, was seized with a fit of insanity, in which
+fit he wounded several persons and killed his keeper. Catalepsy has been
+known to have been produced by great mental application. Fomelius gives
+us a remarkable instance of it. A man (says he) who passed whole nights
+in writing and studying, was suddenly attacked with a fit of catalepsy:
+all his limbs stiffened in the attitude he was in when the disease first
+seized him. He remained upon his seat, holding the pen in his hand, and
+with his eyes fixed on his paper, so that he was considered to be still
+at his studies, till being called to, and then shaken, he was found to
+be without motion or sensation.<a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Many extraordinary instances are on record, of remarkable changes having
+been produced in birds by an affection of the animal passions. The
+following fact is related by Mr. Young, in the Edinburgh Geographical
+Journal. A blackbird had been frightened in her cage by a cat; when it
+was relieved, it was found lying on its back, quite wet with
+perspiration. The feathers fell off, and were renewed, but the new ones
+were perfectly white.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A similar phenomenon has been observed in the human species, who have
+been exposed to the effects of inordinate passion. Borrelli relates the
+case of a French gentleman, who was thrown into prison, and on whom fear
+operated so powerfully as to change his hair completely grey in the
+course of one night. Dr. Darwin ascribes this phenomenon to the torpor
+of the vessels, which circulates the fluids destined to nourish the
+hair. Nothing will, perhaps, demonstrate more fully the effects of moral
+causes in producing disease than the structural alterations discoverable
+in the bodies of those who have died whilst labouring under nostalgia,
+or the Swiss malady. This disease is considered peculiar to the Swiss,
+and is occasioned by a desire of revisiting their own country, and of
+witnessing again the scenes of their youth. This desire begins with
+melancholy sadness, love of solitude, silence, bodily weakness, &amp;c. and
+is only cured by returning to their native country. Avenbrugger says,
+that in dissecting the bodies of those who have died in consequence of
+this disease, organic lesions of the
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page357" name="page357"></a>[pg 357]</span>
+heart generally are detected. A particular musical composition, supposed
+to be expressive of the happiness of the people, is in great vogue in
+Switzerland. If this tune or piece of music is played among the Swiss in
+any foreign country, it tends strongly to recall their affections for
+their native soil, and their desire of returning, and to induce the
+desire called nostalgia consequent on their disappointment. The effects
+of this musical composition is so powerful, that it is forbidden to be
+repeated in the French camp on pain of death, it having at one period
+had the effect of producing a mutiny among the Swiss soldiers, at that
+time in the employ of the French king.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Predictions of death, whether supposed to be supernatural, or emanating
+from human authority, have often, in consequence of the poisonous
+effects of fear, been punctually fulfilled. The anecdote is well
+attested, of the licentious Lord Littleton, that he expired at the exact
+stroke of the clock, which in a dream or vision, he had been forewarned
+would be the signal of his departure. In Lesanky's voyage round the
+world, there is an account of a religious sect in the Sandwich Islands,
+who arrogate to themselves the power of praying people to death. Whoever
+incurs their displeasure, receives notice that the homicide litany is
+about to begin, and such are the effects of the imagination, that the
+very notice is frequently sufficient with these people to produce the
+effect.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Thousands of other instances might be cited, illustrative of the fatal
+effects of inordinate indulgence in passion.
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+<h2>
+	RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS.
+</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+ANCIENT BRIDEWELL.<a id="footnotetag5" name="footnotetag5"></a><a href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a>
+</h3>
+
+
+<p>
+The following curious facts, respecting the state of the metropolis
+during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, are extracted from the weekly
+reports made by William Fletewood, Recorder of London, to Lord
+Burghley:&mdash;
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"My singuler good Lord, uppon Thursdaye, at even, her Majistie, in her
+coache, nere Islyngton, taking of the air, her Highnes was environed
+with a nosmber of roogs. One Mr. Stone, a foteman, cam in all hast to my
+Lord Maior, and after to me, and told us of the same. I dyd the same
+nyght send warrants owt into the seyd quarters, and into Westminster and
+the Duchie; and in the morning I went abrood my selff, and I tooke that
+daye lxxiiij. roogs, whereof some were blynde, and yet great usurers,
+and very rich; and the same daye, towards nyght, I sent Mr. Harrys and
+Mr. Smithe, the Governors of Bridwell, and tooke all the names of the
+roogs; and then sent theym from the Sessions Hall into Bridwell, where
+they remayned that nyght. Uppon Twelff daye, in the forenoone, the
+Master of the Rolls, my selff, and others, receyved a charge before my
+Lords of the Counsell, as towching roogs and masterles men, and to have
+a pryvie searche. The same daye, at after dyner (for I dyned at the
+Rolls), I mett the Governors of Bridwell, and so that after nowne wee
+examined all the seyd roogs, and gave them substanciall payment. And the
+stronger wee bestowed on the myine and the lighters; the rest wee
+dismyssed, with the promise of a dooble paye if we met with theym
+agayne. Uppon Soundaye, being crastino of the Twelffth daye, I dyned
+with Mr. Deane, of Westminster, where I conferred with hym touching
+Westminster and the Duchie; and then I tooke order for Sowthwarke,
+Lambeth, and Newyngton, from whence I receyved a shool of xl. roogs, men
+and women, and above. I bestowed theym in Bridwell. I dyd the same after
+nowne peruse Pooles (St. Paul's), where I tooke about xxii. cloked
+roogs, that there used to kepe standing. I placed theym also in
+Bridwell. The next mornyng, being Mundaye, the Mr of the Rolls and the
+reste tooke order with the constables for a pryvie searche agaynst
+Thursdaye, at nyght, and to have the offenders brought to the Sessions
+Hall uppon Frydaye, in the mornyng, where wee the Justices shold mete.
+And agaynst the same tyme, my Lo. Maior and I dyd the lyke in London and
+Sowthwarke. The same after nowne, the Masters of Bridwell and I mett;
+and after every man had been examined, eche one receyved his payment
+according to his deserts; at whiche tyme the strongest were put to
+worke, and the others dismissed into theyre countries. The same daye
+the Mr of the Savoye was with us, and sayd he was sworne to lodge
+'claudicantes, egrotantes, et peregrinantes;' and the next morning I
+sent the constables of the Duchie to the Hospitall, and they brought
+unto me at Bridwell, vj. tall fellowes, that were draymen unto bruers,
+and were neither 'claudicantes, egrotantes, nor peregrinantes.' The
+constables, if they might have had theyre owen wills, would have browght
+us many moor. The master dyd wryte a very curtese letter unto us to
+produce theym; and although he wrott charitably unto us, yet were they
+all soundly paydd, and sent home to theyre masters. All Tewsdaye,
+Weddensdaye, and Thursdaye, there cam in nosmbers of roogs: they were
+rewarded all according to theyre deserts.&mdash;Uppon Frydaye mornyng, at the
+Justice Hall, there were brought in above a C. lewd people taken in the
+pryvie searche. The Mrs of Bridwell receyved theym, and immediately gave
+theym punishment. This Satterdaye, after causes of consciens, herd by my
+Lord Maior and me, I dyned and went to
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page358" name="page358"></a>[pg 358]</span>
+Polls (St. Paul's) and in other
+places, as well within the libertes as elsewhere. I founde not one rooge
+styuyng. Emongst all these thynges, I dyd note that wee had not of
+London, Westm., nor Sowthwarke, nor yett Midd., nor Surr., above twelve,
+and those we have taken order for. The resedew for the most were of
+Wales, Salop, Cestr., Somerset, Barks, Oxforde, and Essex; and that few
+or none of theym had been about London above iij. or iiij. mownthes.
+I did note also that wee mett not agayne with any, in all our searches,
+that had receyved punishment. The chieff nurserie of all these evill
+people is the Savoye, and the brick-kilnes near Islyngton. As for the
+brick-kilnes, we will take suche order that they shall be reformed; and
+I trust, by yr. good Lordship's help, the Savoye shall be amended; for
+surelie, as by experiens I fynd it, the same place, as it is used, is
+not converted to a good use or purpose. And this shall suffice for
+roogs."&mdash;W.G.C.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+See the Engraving, vol. xviii. p. 337 of <i>The Mirror.</i>
+</p>
+
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	POVERTY OF KINGS, AND THE BRITISH CROWN PAWNED.
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+As to increasing wealth by war, that has never yet happened to this
+nation; and, I believe, rarely to any country. Our former kings most
+engaged in war were always poor, and sometimes excessively so. Edward
+III. pawned his jewels to pay foreign forces; and <i>magnam coronam
+Angliae</i>, his imperial crown, three several times&mdash;once abroad, and
+twice to Sir John Wosenham, his banker, in whose custody the crown
+remained no less than eight years. The Black Prince, as Walsingham
+informs us, was constrained to pledge his plate. Henry V., with all his
+conquests, pawned his crown, and the table and stools of silver which he
+had from Spain. Queen Elizabeth is known to have sold her very jewels.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+G.K.
+</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	HEAD-DRESS OF THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY, IN ENGLAND.
+</h3>
+
+
+<p>
+In Wickliffe's <i>Commentaries upon the Ten Commandments</i>, in the
+midst of a moral exhortation, he manages, by a few bold touches, to give
+us a picture of the fashionable head-dress of his day:&mdash;
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"And let each woman beware, that neither by countenance, nor by array of
+body nor of head, she stir any to covet her to sin. Not crooking
+(curling) her hair, neither laying it up on high, nor the head arrayed
+about with gold and precious stones; not seeking curious clothing, nor
+of nice shape, showing herself to be seemly to fools. For all such
+arrays of women St. Peter and St. Paul, by the Holy Ghost's teaching,
+openly forbid."
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+D.P.
+</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	SALADS.
+</h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Oil for salads is mentioned in the Paston Letters, in 1466, in which
+year Sir John Paston writes to his mother, that he has sent her "ii.
+potts off oyl for salady's, whyche oyl was goode a myght be when he
+delyv'yd yt, and schuld be goode at the reseyving yff itt was not
+mishandled nor miscarryd." This indicates that vegetables for the table
+were then cultivated in England, although the common opinion is, that
+most of our fruit and garden productions were destroyed during the civil
+wars between the houses of York and Lancaster. A good salad, however,
+had become so scarce some years afterwards, that Katharine, the queen of
+Henry VIII., is said, on a particular occasion, to have sent to the
+continent to procure one.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+D.P.
+</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	ADVERTISEMENT OF THE OPENING OF THE LONDON COFFEE HOUSE, UPWARDS OF A
+CENTURY AGO.
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+"May, 1731.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"Whereas it is customary for Coffee Houses and other Public Houses to
+take 8<i>s.</i> for a quart of Arrack, and 6<i>s.</i> for a quart of Brandy or
+Rum, made into Punch;
+</p>
+
+<center>
+<i>This is to give Notice</i>,
+</center>
+
+<p>
+That James Ashley has opened, on Ludgate Hill, the London Coffee House,
+Punch House, Dorchester Beer and Welsh Ale Warehouse, where the finest
+and best old Arrack, Rum, and French Brandy is made into Punch, with the
+other of the finest ingredients&mdash;viz.:
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"A quart of Arrack made into Punch for six shillings; and so in
+proportion to the smallest quantity, which is half-a-quartern for
+fourpence halfpenny.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"A quart of Rum or Brandy made into Punch for four shillings; and so in
+proportion to the smallest quantity, which is half-a-quartern for
+threepence; and Gentlemen may have it as soon made as a gill of wine can
+be drawn."
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+G.K.
+</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	SIR WILLIAM JONES'S PLAN OF STUDY.
+</h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Some idea of the acquirements of the resolute industry with which Jones
+pursued his studies may be formed from the following memorandum:&mdash;
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"Resolved to learn no more <i>rudiments</i> of any kind, but to perfect
+myself in&mdash;first, twelve languages, as the <i>means</i> of acquiring
+accurate knowledge of
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p style="text-align: center;">  I. History.</p>
+           <p style="text-align: center;">  1. Man 2. Nature.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p style="text-align: center;">  II. Arts.</p>
+           <p style="text-align: center;">  1. Rhetoric. 2. Poetry. 3. Painting. 4. Music.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p style="text-align: center;">  III. Sciences.</p>
+           <p style="text-align: center;">  1. Law. 2. Mathematics. 3. Dialectics.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+"N.B. Every species of human knowledge may be reduced to one or other of
+these divisions. Even <i>law</i> belongs partly to the history of man,
+partly as a science to dialectics. The twelve languages are Greek,
+Latin, Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Hebrew, Arabic, Persian,
+Turkish, German, English.&mdash;1780."
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page359" name="page359"></a>[pg 359]</span>
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>
+	SPIRIT OF DISCOVERY.
+</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	SAILING UP THE ESSEQUIBO.
+</h3>
+
+<center>
+<i>By Captain J.E. Alexander, H.P., late 16th Lancers, M.R.G.S., &amp;c.</i>
+</center>
+
+
+<p>
+My purpose was now to proceed up the noble Essequibo river towards
+the El Dorado of Sir Walter Raleigh, and view the mighty forests of
+the interior, and the varied and beautiful tribes by which they are
+inhabited. Our residence on the island of Wakenaam had been truly
+a tropical one. During the night, the tree frogs, crickets,
+razor-grinders, reptiles, and insects of every kind, kept up a continued
+concert. At sunrise, when the flowers unfolded themselves, the humming
+birds, with the metallic lustre glittering on their wings, passed
+rapidly from blossom to blossom. The bright yellow and black
+mocking-birds flew from their pendant nests, accompanied by their
+neighbours, the wild bees, which construct their earthen hives on the
+same tree. The continued rains had driven the snakes from their holes,
+and on the path were seen the bush-master (cona-couchi) unrivalled for
+its brilliant colours, and the deadly nature of its poison; and the
+labari equally poisonous, which erects its scales in a frightful manner
+when irritated. The rattlesnake was also to be met with, and harmless
+tree snakes of many species. Under the river's bank lay enormous caymen
+or alligators,&mdash;one lately killed measured twenty-two feet. Wild deer
+and the peccari hog were seen in the glades in the centre of the island;
+and the jaguar and cougour (the American leopard and lion) occasionally
+swam over from the main land.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+We sailed up the Essequibo for a hundred miles in a small schooner of
+thirty tons, and occasionally took to canoes or coorials to visit the
+creeks. We then went up a part of the Mazaroony river, and saw also the
+unexplored Coioony: these three rivers join their waters about one
+hundred miles from the mouth of the Essequibo. In sailing or paddling up
+the stream, the breadth is so great, and the wooded islands so numerous,
+that it appears as if we navigated a large lake. The Dutch in former
+times had cotton, indigo, and cocoa estates up the Essequibo, beyond
+their capital Kykoveral, on an island at the forks or junction of the
+three rivers. Now, beyond the islands at the mouth of the Essequibo
+there are no estates, and the mighty forest has obliterated all traces
+of former cultivation. Solitude and silence are on either hand, not a
+vestige of the dwellings of the Hollanders being to be seen; and only
+occasionally in struggling through the entangled brushwood one stumbles
+over a marble tombstone brought from the shores of the Zuyderzee.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+At every turn of the river we discovered objects of great interest.
+The dense and nearly impenetrable forest itself occupied our chief
+attention; magnificent trees, altogether new to us, were anchored to
+the ground by bush-rope, convolvuli, and parasitical plants of every
+variety. The flowers of these cause the woods to appear as if hung with
+garlands. Pre-eminent above the others was the towering and majestic
+Mora, its trunk spread out into buttresses; on its top would be seen
+the king of the vultures expanding his immense wings to dry after the
+dews of night. The very peculiar and romantic cry of the bell-bird, or
+campanero, would be heard at intervals; it is white, about the size of a
+pigeon, with a leathery excrescence on its forehead, and the sound which
+it produces in the lone woods is like that of a convent-bell tolling.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A crash of the reeds and brushwood on the river's bank would be followed
+by a tapir, the western elephant, coming down to drink and to roll
+himself in the mud; and the manati or river-cow would lift its black
+head and small piercing eye above the water to graze on the leaves of
+the coridore tree. They are shot from a stage fixed in the water, with
+branches of their favourite food hanging from it; one of twenty-two cwt.
+was killed not long ago. High up the river, where the alluvium of the
+estuary is changed for white sandstone, with occasionally black oxide of
+manganese, the fish are of delicious flavour; among others, the pacoo,
+near the Falls or Rapids, which is flat, twenty inches long, and weighs
+four pounds; it feeds on the seed of the <i>arum arborescens</i>, in
+devouring which the Indians shoot it with their arrows: of similar genus
+are the cartuback, waboory, and amah.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The most remarkable fish of these rivers are, the <i>peri</i> or
+<i>omah</i>, two feet long; its teeth and jaws are so strong, that it
+cracks the shells of most nuts to feed on their kernels, and is most
+voracious; the Indians say that it snaps off the breasts of women, and
+emasculates men. Also the genus <i>silurus</i>, the young of which swim
+in a shoal of one hundred and fifty over the head of the mother, who, on
+the approach of danger, opens her mouth, and thus saves her progeny;
+with the <i>loricaria calicthys</i>, or <i>assa</i>, which constructs a
+nest on the surface of pools from the blades of grass floating about,
+and in this deposits its spawn which is hatched by the sun. In the dry
+season this remarkable fish has been dug out of the ground, for it
+burrows in the rains owing to the strength and power of the spine; in
+the gill-fin and body it is covered with strong plates, and far below
+the surface finds moisture to keep it alive. The <i>electric eel</i> is
+also an inhabitant of these waters, and has sometimes nearly proved
+fatal to the strongest swimmer. If sent to England in tubs, the wood and
+iron act as conductors, and keep the fish in a continued state of
+exhaustion, causing, eventually, death: an
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page360" name="page360"></a>[pg 360]</span>
+earthenware jar is the vessel in which to keep it in health.
+</p>
+
+<center>
+(<i>To be concluded in our next.</i>)
+</center>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+<h2>
+	FINE ARTS.
+</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+CROSSES.<a id="footnotetag6" name="footnotetag6"></a><a href="#footnote6"><sup>6</sup></a>
+</h3>
+
+
+<div class="figure" style="width: 50%; float: left;">
+<a href="images/m578-2.png"><img width="100%" src="images/m578-2.png"
+alt="Neville's Cross" /></a>
+<br /><i>Neville's Cross</i>
+</div>
+<p>
+We resume the illustration of these curious structures with two
+specimens of interesting architectural character, and memorable
+association with our early history. The first is <i>Neville's Cross</i>,
+at Beaurepaire (or Bear Park, as it is now called), about two miles
+north-west from Durham. Here David II., King of Scots, encamped with his
+army before the celebrated battle of Red Hills, or Neville's Cross, as
+it was afterwards termed, from the above elegant stone cross, erected to
+record the victory by Lord Ralph Neville. The English sovereign, Edward
+III., had just achieved the glorious conquest of Crecy; and the Scottish
+king judged this a fit opportunity for his invasion. However, "the great
+northern barons of England, Percy and Neville, Musgrave, Scope, and
+Hastings, assembled their forces in numbers sufficient to show that,
+though the conqueror of Crecy, with his victorious army, was absent
+in France, there were Englishmen enough left at home to protect the
+frontiers of his kingdom from violation. The Archbishops of Canterbury
+and York, the prelates of Durham, Carlisle, and Lincoln, sent their
+retainers, and attended the rendezvous in person, to add religious
+enthusiasm to the patriotic zeal of the barons. Ten thousand soldiers,
+who had been sent over to Calais to reinforce Edward III.'s army, were
+countermanded in this exigency, and added to the northern army.<a id="footnotetag7" name="footnotetag7"></a><a href="#footnote7"><sup>7</sup></a>"
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The battle, which was fought October 17, 1346, lasted only three hours,
+but was uncommonly destructive. The English archers, who were in front,
+were at first thrown into confusion, and driven back; but being
+reinforced by a body of horse, repulsed their opponents, and the
+engagement soon became general. The Scottish army was entirely defeated,
+and the king himself made prisoner; though previous to the fight he is
+said to have regarded the English with contempt, and as a raw and
+undisciplined host, by no means competent to resist the power of his
+more hardy veterans.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"Amid repeated charges, and the most dispiriting slaughter by the
+continuous discharge of the English arrows, David showed that he had the
+courage, though not the talents, of his father (Robert Bruce). He was
+twice severely wounded with arrows, but continued to encourage to the
+last the few of his peers and officers who were still fighting around
+him."<a id="footnotetag8" name="footnotetag8"></a><a href="#footnote8"><sup>8</sup></a> He scorned to ask quarter, and was taken alive with difficulty.
+Rymer says, "The Scotch king, though he had two spears hanging in his
+body, his leg desperately wounded, and being disarmed, his sword having
+been beaten out of his hand, disdained captivity, and provoked the
+English by opprobrious language to kill him. When John Copeland, who was
+governor of Roxborough Castle, advised him to yield, he struck him on
+the face with his gauntlet so fiercely, that he knocked out two of his
+teeth. Copeland conveyed him out of the field as his prisoner. Upon
+Copeland's refusing to deliver up his royal captive to the queen
+(Philippa), who stayed at Newcastle during the battle, the king sent for
+him to Calais, where he excused his refusal so handsomely, that the king
+sent him back with a reward of 500<i>l.</i> a year in lands, where he
+himself should choose it, near his own dwelling, and made him a knight
+banneret."<a id="footnotetag9" name="footnotetag9"></a><a href="#footnote9"><sup>9</sup></a>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Hume states Philippa to have assembled a body of little more than 12,000
+men, and to have rode through the ranks of her army, exhorting every man
+to do his duty, and to take revenge on these barbarous ravagers. "Nor
+could she be persuaded to leave the field till the armies were on the
+point of engaging. The Scots have often been unfortunate in the great
+pitched battles which they have fought with the English: even though
+they commonly declined such engagements where the
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page361" name="page361"></a>[pg 361]</span>
+superiority of numbers was not on their side; but never did they receive
+a more fatal blow than the present. They were broken and chased off the
+field: fifteen thousand of them, some historians say twenty thousand,
+were slain; among whom were Edward Keith, Earl Mareschal, and Sir Thomas
+Charteris, Chancellor: and the king himself was taken prisoner, with the
+Earls of Sutherland, Fife, Monteith, Carrick, Lord Douglas, and many
+other noblemen." The captive king was conveyed to London, and afterwards
+in solemn procession to the Tower, attended by a guard of 20,000 men,
+and all the city companies in complete pageantry; while "Philippa
+crossed the sea at Dover, and was received in the English camp before
+Calais, with all the triumph due to her rank, her merit, and her
+success." These indeed were bright days of chivalry and gallantry.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"The ground whereon the battle was fought," say the topographers of the
+county,<a id="footnotetag10" name="footnotetag10"></a><a href="#footnote10"><sup>10</sup></a> "is about one mile west from Durham; it is hilly, and in some
+parts very steep, particularly towards the river. Near it, in a deep
+vale, is a small mount, or hillock, called the <i>Maiden's Bower</i>, on
+which the holy Corporex Cloth, wherewith St. Cuthbert covered the
+chalice when he used to say mass, was displayed on the point of a spear,
+by the monks of Durham, who, when the victory was obtained, gave notice
+by signal to their brethren stationed on the great tower of the
+Cathedral, who immediately proclaimed it to the inhabitants of the city,
+by singing Te Deum. From that period the victory was annually
+commemorated in a similar manner by the choristers, till the occurrence
+of the Civil Wars, when the custom was discontinued; but again revived
+on the Restoration," and observed till nearly the close of the last
+century.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The site of the Cross is by the road-side: it was defaced and broken
+down in the year 1589. Its pristine beauty is thus minutely described in
+Davis's <i>Rights and Monuments</i>: "On the west side of the city of
+Durham, where two roads pass each other, a most famous and elegant cross
+of stone work was erected to the honour of God, &amp;c. at the sole cost of
+Ralph, Lord Neville, which cross had seven steps about it, every way
+squared to the socket wherein the stalk of the cross stood, which socket
+was fastened to a large square stone; the sole, or bottom stone being of
+a great thickness, viz. a yard and a half every way: this stone was the
+eighth step. The stalk of the cross was in length three yards and a half
+up to the boss, having eight sides all of one piece; from the socket it
+was fixed into the boss above, into which boss the stalk was deeply
+soldered with lead. In the midst of the stalk, in every second square,
+was the Neville's cross; a saltire in a scutcheon, being Lord Neville's
+arms, finely cut; and, at every corner of the socket, was a picture of
+one of the four Evangelists, finely set forth and carved. The boss at
+the top of the stalk was an octangular stone, finely cut and bordered,
+and most curiously wrought; and in every square of the nether side
+thereof was Neville's Cross, in one square, and the bull's head in the
+next, so in the same reciprocal order about the boss. On the top of the
+boss was a stalk of stone, (being a cross a little higher than the
+rest,) whereon was cut, on both sides of the stalk, the picture of our
+Saviour Christ, crucified; the picture of the Blessed Virgin on one
+side, and St. John the Evangelist on the other; both standing on the top
+of the boss. All which pictures were most artificially wrought together,
+and finely carved out of one entire stone; some parts thereof, though
+carved work, both on the east and west sides, with a cover of stone
+likewise over their heads, being all most finely and curiously wrought
+together out of the same hollow stone, which cover had a covering of
+lead."
+</p>
+
+<div class="figure" style="width: 50%; float: right;">
+<a href="images/m578-3.png"><img width="100%" src="images/m578-3.png"
+alt="(Percy's Cross.)" /></a><br />
+(<i>Percy's Cross.</i>)
+</div>
+
+
+<p>
+The second specimen (<i>see the Cut</i>) stands by the side of the
+highway over Hedgeley Moor, in the adjoining county of Northumberland.
+This Cross is a record of the War of the Roses. Here, in one of the
+skirmishes preliminary to the celebrated victory at Hexham (May 12,
+1464), Sir Ralph Percy was slain, by Lord Montacute, or Montague, brother
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page362" name="page362"></a>[pg 362]</span>
+to the Earl of Warwick, and warden of the east marches between Scotland
+and England. His dying words are stated to have been, "I have saved the
+bird in my breast:" meaning his faith to his party. The memorial is a
+square stone pillar, embossed with the arms of Percy and Lucy: they are
+nearly effaced by time, though the personal valour of the hero is
+written in the less perishable page of history.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The Nevilles are distinguished personages in the pages of the historians
+of the North. In Durham they have left a lasting memorial of their
+magnificence in Raby Castle, the principal founder of which was John de
+Neville, Earl of Westmoreland; who, in 1379, obtained a license to
+castellate his manor of Raby; though a part of the structure appears to
+have been of more ancient date. Leland speaks of it in his time as "the
+largest castle of lodgings in all the north country." It remains to this
+day the most perfect castellated mansion, or, more strictly, castle, in
+the kingdom, and its "<i>hall</i>" eclipses even the chivalrous
+splendour of Windsor: here 700 knights, who held of the Nevilles, are
+said to have been entertained at one time. The whole establishment is
+maintained with much of the hospitable glories of the olden time by the
+present distinguished possessor of Raby, the Marquess of Cleveland.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	WINTER EXHIBITION OF PICTURES, AT THE SUFFOLK-STREET GALLERY.
+</h3>
+
+<center>
+(<i>Concluded from page</i> 231.)
+</center>
+
+
+<p>
+144. Landscape and Figures. The first by <i>Gainsborough</i>; the latter
+by <i>Morland</i>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+145. The Body of Harold discovered by Swanachal and two Monks, the
+morning after the Battle of Hastings. <i>A.J. Woolmer.</i> A picture of
+some, and not undeserved, distinction in a previous exhibition.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+150. Mr. King and Mrs. Jordan in the "Country Girl." <i>R. Smirke,
+R.A.</i> The drawing is easy and natural, but the colouring appears to
+us deficient in tone and breadth.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+153. View of the River Severn near the New Passage House.
+<i>Nasmyth.</i> A delightful scene in what we may call the artist's
+best, or <i>crisp</i> style.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+157. Puppy and Frog. <i>E. Landseer, R.A.</i> In the most vigorous style
+of our best animal painter.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+163. A State Quarry. <i>De Loutherbourg.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+165&mdash;167. Portraits of Worlidge and Mortimer. Painted by themselves.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+172. Villa of Maecenas. One of <i>Wilson's</i> most celebrated
+compositions, of classic fame.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+181. Master's Out, "The Disappointed Dinner Party." <i>R.W. Buss.</i> A
+scene of cockney mortification humorously treated.&mdash;An unlucky Londoner
+and his tawdrily-dressed wife, appeared to have toiled up the hill, with
+their family of four children, to a friend's cottage, the door of which
+is opened by an old housekeeper, with "Master's out," while the host
+himself is peeping over the parlour window-blind at the disappointment
+of his would-be visitors. The annoyance of the husband at the
+inhospitable answer, and the fatigue of his fine wife, are cleverly
+managed; while the mischievous pranks of the urchin family among the
+borders of the flower-garden remind us of the pleasant "Inconveniences
+of a Convenient Distance." The colouring is most objectionable; though
+the flowers and fine clothes are very abundant.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+194. Falls of Niagara. <i>Wilson.</i> A sublime picture of this terrific
+wonder of the world.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+196. Erzelin Bracciaferro musing over Meduna, slain by him for
+disloyalty during his absence in the Holy Land. <i>Fuseli.</i> A
+composition of touching melancholy, such as none but a master-mind could
+approach.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+199. The late R.W. Elliston, Esq. One of <i>Harlow's</i> best portraits:
+the likeness is admirable, and the tone well accords with Elliston's
+unguent, supple expression.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+204. Portrait of Dr. Wardrope. <i>Raeburn.</i> This is one of the
+artist's finest productions: it is clever, manly, and vigorous&mdash;painting
+to the life, without the flattering unction of varnished canvass. The
+fine, broad, bold features of the sitter were excellently adapted to the
+artist's peculiar powers.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+205. Portrait of Thomson, the Poet. <i>Hogarth.</i> The well-known
+picture. How fond poets of the last century were of their
+<i>dishabille</i> in portraits: they had their day as well as nightcaps.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+217. Johnny Gilpin. <i>Stothard.</i> This lively composition is well
+known, as it deserves to be; but it may not so well be remembered that
+the popularity of John Gilpin was founded by a clever lecturer, who
+recited the "tale in verse" as part of his entertainment. (<i>See page
+367.</i>) What would an audience of the present day say to such
+puerility; though it would be certainly more rational than people
+listening to a French play, or an Italian or German opera, not a line of
+which they understand.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+229. Portrait of R.B. Sheridan. The well-known picture, by
+<i>Reynolds</i>, whence is engraved the Frontispiece to Moore's Life of
+the Statesman and Dramatist. Here is the "man himsel," in the formal cut
+blue dress-coat and white waistcoat of the last century. The face may be
+accounted handsome: the cheeks are full, and, with the nose, are
+rubicund&mdash;<i>Bacchi tincti</i>; the eyes are black and brilliantly
+expressive;&mdash;and the visiter should remember that Sir Joshua Reynolds,
+in painting this portrait, is said to have affirmed that their pupils
+were larger than those of any human being he had ever met
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page363" name="page363"></a>[pg 363]</span>
+with. They retained their beauty to the last, though the face did not,
+and the body became bent. How much it is to be regretted that Sheridan
+with such fine eyes had so little foresight. There is in the gallery a
+younger portrait of him, in a stage or masquerade dress, which is
+unworthy of comparison with the preceding.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+231. Scene in Covent Garden Market. One of the best views of the old
+place, by <i>Hogarth</i>; and one of the last sketches before the recent
+improvements, will he found in <i>The Mirror</i>, vol. xiii. p. 121. By
+the way, the pillar and ball, which stood in the centre of the square,
+and are seen in the present picture, were long in the garden of John
+Kemble, in Great Russell-street, Bloomshury.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+243. Portrait of the late Mr. Holcroft. <i>Dawe.</i> In this early
+performance of the artist, we in vain seek for the "best looks" of the
+sitter: such as the painter threw into his portraits of crowned heads.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+248. The Happy Marriage. An <i>unfinished</i> picture by <i>Hogarth</i>;
+yet how beautifully is some of the distant grouping made out;&mdash;what life
+and reality too in the figures, and the whole composition, though seen,
+as it were, through a mist.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+249. Study of a Head from Nature, painted by lamp-light. <i>Harlow.</i>
+A curious vagary of genius.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+258. Daughter of Sir Peter Lely. <i>Lely.</i> We take this to be the
+oldest picture in the gallery. Lely has been dead upwards of a century
+and a half.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+263. One of <i>Lawrence's</i> Portraits of himself.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+286. Sir John Falstaff at Gad's Hill. <i>T. Stothard</i>, R.A. The
+figure has not the fleshy rotundity of the Falstaff of Shakspeare; he is
+like a half-stuffed actor in the part.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+298. Portrait of the late King when Prince of Wales. <i>Lawrence.</i>
+The features at this period were remarkably handsome; and considering
+the influence of pre-eminence in birth, the expression is not
+over-tinged with <i>hauteur</i>. No persons have their portraits so
+frequently painted as princes; and the artist who has the fortune to
+paint them at all ages, as Lawrence did, must watch their personal
+changes with reflective interest, though he may confine them to the
+tablet of his memory. What an interval between the youthful vigour of
+the above portrait of the Prince and the artist's last, fine
+whole-length of the King, in dignified ease, on the sofa! Alas! lines
+increase in our faces as they do in the imperfect maps of a
+newly-discovered country.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+313 and 228. Two Landscapes, by <i>Lawrence</i>, reminding us how
+strongly the artist's genius was fettered by public taste in Kneller's
+profitable glory of painting "the living."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In the <i>Water-colour Room</i>, are many interesting productions, and
+some curiosities in their way. We have Paul Sandby and the quaintly
+precise Capon beside Glover and Landseer&mdash;so that the drawings are as
+motley as the paintings. Here also are Lawrence's inimitable chalk
+portraits of his present Majesty and the Duke of Wellington, which show
+us how much true genius can accomplish in a few lines.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	SCHOOL OF PAINTING AT THE BRITISH INSTITUTION.
+</h3>
+
+<center>
+(<i>From a Correspondent</i>.)
+</center>
+
+
+<p>
+The present school of painting commenced on the 17th of September, and
+the students, as usual, have made numerous attempts to copy the
+inimitable examples of art which have been selected for their
+improvement. The selections consist of specimens from the Italian,
+Flemish, Dutch, and English schools, and afford ample variety, in style
+and subject, for the different tastes of the students. We are sorry to
+state, however, that only a very few copies can be selected as
+possessing a fair resemblance to the superb originals. We proceed to
+notice those who deserve the most praise:&mdash;
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Gainsborough's</i> Milk Girl is a most happy production of the
+pencil: the figure possesses great infantile beauty; and the landscape
+is rural, and in perfect harmony with the subject. This work has been
+cleverly copied by Messrs. Sargeant and Lilley in oil, and by Miss Fanny
+Corbaux in water-colour.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+An Advocate in his Study&mdash;<i>Ostade</i>: an exquisitely finished cabinet
+picture. The expression in the advocate's face is excellent, and the
+various objects in his study are in proper keeping with his calling. The
+copy by Mr. Novice is excellent; and those of Messrs. Robson and Higham
+display great ability, though they are not sufficiently finished.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A Sea-shore, attributed to <i>Backhuysen</i>, has been studied by Mr.
+Dujardin.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Landscape&mdash;<i>Gaspar Poussin.</i> This great master admirably delineated
+the grandeur of Italian scenery, and invariably chose to represent it
+when the clouds forboded a storm, or when other accidental effects of
+nature added to the sublimity of the occasion. We generally experience a
+kind of awe while contemplating his works; and this feeling is excited
+by the <i>chef d'oeuvre</i> before us. Several students have attempted
+it in oil; and Messrs. Musgrave, Burbank, and Taylor have copied it in
+water-colour.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Messrs. Marks, Sargeant, and Foster deserve notice for their studies
+from a Landscape with Figures, by <i>Waterloo</i>; and a charming
+picture by <i>Albert Cuyp</i>, representing a wide champaign country,
+with some well-executed figures in the foreground, has engaged the
+talents of Messrs. Hilder, Child, and Stanley.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Guido's</i> Magdalen has been beautifully
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page364" name="page364"></a>[pg 364]</span>
+copied, on a small scale, by Mr. Emmerson; and St. Martin dividing his
+Garments, by <i>Rubens</i>, has met with successful imitators in the
+pencils of Messrs. Middleton and Buss. These gentlemen's copies,
+however, are considerably smaller than the original, which is of the
+dimensions of life.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The Water Mill, a brilliant little picture by <i>Ruysdael</i>, has
+employed the pencils of several students;&mdash;among the most successful of
+whom are Messrs. Stark, Lee, and Hilder.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+View on the Grand Canal, Venice, by <i>Canaletti</i>: this is, perhaps,
+the <i>ne plus ultra</i> of the master, and is the property of that
+distinguished patron of the fine arts&mdash;Lord Farnborough. Miss Dujardin
+has produced the best copy: she has painted the buildings, boats, &amp;c.,
+with considerable accuracy, and has succeeded in imitating the
+transparency of the water. Miss Cook and Mr. Fowler have also copied
+this work.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Miss F. Corbaux (in water-colour), and Messrs. Sargeant, Robson,
+Simpson, and Lilley (in oil), have well copied the Cupid by <i>Sir J.
+Reynolds</i>; and Messrs. Fussel, Hilder, Sims, and Hoffland, deserve
+praise for their copies from a Dutch Village, by <i>Ruysdael</i>. A Corn
+Field, by the same master, appears to have been carefully studied by
+Messrs. Lee and Novice.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+To conclude: A spirited series of small views in Venice, by
+<i>Guardi</i>, have been prettily imitated by Mr. Sargeant and Miss
+Dujardin.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+G.W.N.
+</h4>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+<h2>
+	THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	SCRAPS FROM THE DIARY OF A TRAVELLER.
+</h3>
+
+<p style="text-align: right;">
+<i>Rome</i>.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  If e'er you have seen an artist sketching</p>
+<p class="i2">    The purlicus of this ancient city,</p>
+           <p>  I need not tell you how much stretching</p>
+<p class="i2">    There is of <i>truth</i>, to make things pretty;&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  How trees are brought, perforce, together,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Where never tree was known to grow:</p>
+           <p>  And founts condemned to trickle, whether</p>
+<p class="i2">    There's water for said founts or no;&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  How ev'n the wonder of the Thane</p>
+<p class="i2">    In sketching all its wonder loses,</p>
+           <p>  As woods <i>will</i> come to Dunsinane,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Or any where the sketcher chooses.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  For instance, if an artist see,&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  As at romantic Tivoli,&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  A water-fall and ancient shrine,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Beautiful both, but not so plac'd</p>
+           <p>  As that his pencil can combine</p>
+<p class="i2">    Their features in one <i>whole</i> with taste,&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  What does he do? why, without scruple,</p>
+           <p>  He whips the Temple up, as supple</p>
+           <p>  As were those angels who (no doubt)</p>
+           <p>  Carried the Virgin's House<a id="footnotetag11" name="footnotetag11"></a><a href="#footnote11"><sup>11</sup></a> about,&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  And lands it plump upon the brink</p>
+<p class="i2">    Of the cascade, or whersoever</p>
+           <p>  It suits his plaguy taste to think</p>
+<p class="i2">    'Twill look most picturesque and clever!</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  In short, there's no end to the treacheries</p>
+           <p>  Of man or maid who once a sketcher is,</p>
+           <p>  The livelier, too, their fancies are,</p>
+<p class="i2">    The more they'll falsify each spot;</p>
+           <p>  As any dolt can give what's <i>there</i>,</p>
+<p class="i2">    But men of genius give what's <i>not</i>.</p>
+           <p>  Then come your travellers, false as they,&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  All Piranesis, in their way;</p>
+           <p>  Eking out bits of truth with fallacies,</p>
+           <p>  And turning pig-stys into palaces.</p>
+           <p>  But, worst of all, that wordy tribe,</p>
+           <p>  Who sit down, hang them, to <i>describe</i>;</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Who, if they can but make things fine,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Have consciences by no means tender</p>
+           <p>  In sinking all that, will not shine,</p>
+<p class="i2">    All vulgar facts, that spoil their splendour:&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  As Irish country squires they say,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Whene'er the Viceroy travels nigh,</p>
+           <p>  Compound with beggars, on the way,</p>
+<p class="i2">    To be lock'd up, till he goes by;</p>
+           <p>  And so send back his Lordship marvelling,</p>
+           <p>  That Ireland should be deem'd so starveling.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  This cant, for instance,&mdash;how profuse 'tis</p>
+           <p>  Over the classic page of E&mdash;&mdash;e!</p>
+           <p>  Veiling the truth in such fine phrase,</p>
+<p class="i2">    That we for poetry might take it,</p>
+           <p>  Were it not dull as prose, and praise,</p>
+<p class="i2">    And endless elegance can make it.&mdash;T. MOORE.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p style="text-align: right;">
+<i>Metropolitan</i>.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	ASMODEUS IN LONDON.
+</h3>
+
+<center>
+(<i>From the New Monthly Magazine</i>.)
+</center>
+
+
+<p>
+I was alone with Sleep.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+I woke with a singular sense of feebleness and exhaustion, and turning
+my dizzy eyes&mdash;-beheld the walls and furniture of my own chamber in
+London. Asmodeus was seated by my side reading a Sunday newspaper&mdash;his
+favourite reading.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"Ah!" said I, stretching myself with so great an earnestness, that I
+believed at first my stature had been increased by the malice of the
+Wizard, and that I stretched from one end of the room to the other&mdash;"Ah!
+dear Asmodeus, how pleasant it is to find myself on earth again! After
+all, these romantic wonders only do for a short time. Nothing like
+London when one has been absent from it upon a Syntax search after the
+Picturesque!"
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"London is indeed a charming place,"&mdash;said the Devil&mdash;"all our
+fraternity are very fond of it&mdash;it is the custom for the Parisians to
+call it dull. What an instance of the vanity of patriotism&mdash;there is
+vice enough in it to make any reasonable man cheerful."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"Yes: the gaiety of Paris is really a delusion. How poor its shops&mdash;how
+paltry its equipages&mdash;how listless its crowds&mdash;compared with those of
+London! If it was only for the pain in walking their accursed stones,
+sloping down to a river in the middle of the street&mdash;all sense of idle
+enjoyment would be spoilt. But in London&mdash;'the hum, the stir, the din of
+men'&mdash;the activity and flush of life everywhere&mdash;the brilliant
+shops&mdash;the various equipages&mdash;the signs of luxury, wealth, restlessness,
+that meet you on all sides&mdash;give a much more healthful and vigorous
+bound to the spirits, than the indolent loungers of the Tuileries,
+spelling a thrice-read French paper which contains nothing, or sitting
+on chairs by the hour together, unwilling
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page365" name="page365"></a>[pg 365]</span>
+to stir because they have paid
+a penny for the seat&mdash;ever enjoy. O! if London would seem gay after
+Paris, how much more so after a visit to the interior of the Earth.
+And what is the news, my Asmodeus?"
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"The Theatres have re-opened. Apropos of them&mdash;I will tell you a fine
+instance of the futility of human ambition. Mr. Monck Mason took the
+King's Theatre, saith report&mdash;(which is the creed of devils)&mdash;in order
+to bring out an opera of his own, which Mr. Laporte, with a very
+uncourteous discretion, had thought fit to refuse. The season
+passes&mdash;and Mr. Monck Mason has ruined himself without being able to
+bring out his opera after all! What a type of speculation. A speculator
+is one who puts a needle in a hay-stack, and then burns all his hay
+without finding the needle. It is hard to pay too dear for one's
+whistle&mdash;but still more hard if one never plays a tune on the whistle
+one pays for. Still the world has lost a grand pleasure in not seeing
+damned an Opera written by the Manager of the Opera-house,&mdash;it would
+have been such a consolation to all the rejected operatives,&mdash;it would
+have been the prettiest hardship entailed on a great man ever since the
+time of that speaker who was forced himself to put the question whether
+he had been guilty of bribery, and should be expelled the House, and had
+the pleasure of hearing the Ayes predominate. <i>Je me mête</i> with the
+affairs of the Theatre&mdash;they are in my diabolic province, you know. But
+if the stage be the fosterer of vice, as you know it is said, vice just
+at this moment in England has very unattractive colours."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"Ah, wait till we break the monopoly. But even now have we not the
+'Hunchback?'
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"Yes; the incarnation of the golden mediocre: a stronger proof, by the
+hyperbolic praise it receives, of the decline of the drama than even the
+abundance of trash from which it gleams. Anything at all decent from a
+new dramatic author will obtain success far more easily than much higher
+merit, in another line; literary rivalship not having yet been directed
+much towards the stage, there are not literary jealousies resolved and
+united against a dramatist's as against a poet's or a novelist's
+success. Every one can praise those pretensions, however humble, which
+do not interfere with his own."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"It is very true; there is never any very great merit, at least in a new
+author, when you don't hear the abuse louder than the admiration. And
+now, Asmodeus, with your leave, I will prepare for breakfast, and our
+morning's walk."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"Oh, dear, dear London, dear even in October! Regent-street, I salute
+you!&mdash;Bond-street, my good fellow, how are you? And you, O beloved
+Oxford-street! whom the 'Opium Eater' called 'stony-hearted,' and whom
+I, eating no opium, and speaking as I find, shall ever consider the
+most kindly and maternal of all streets&mdash;the street of the middle
+classes&mdash;busy without uproar, wealthy without ostentation. Ah, the
+pretty ancles that trip along thy pavement! Ah, the odd country
+cousin-bonnets that peer into thy windows, which are lined with cheap
+yellow shawls, price £1. 4s. marked in the corner! Ah, the brisk young
+lawyers flocking from their quarters at the back of Holborn! Ah, the
+quiet old ladies, living in Duchess-street, and visiting thee with their
+eldest daughters in the hope of a bargain! Ah, the bumpkins from Norfolk
+just disgorged by the Bull and Mouth&mdash;the soldiers&mdash;the milliners&mdash;the
+Frenchmen&mdash;the swindlers, the porters with four-post beds on their back,
+who add the excitement of danger to that of amusement! The various,
+shifting, motley group, that belong to Oxford-street, and Oxford-street
+alone. What thoroughfares equal thee in variety of human specimens! in
+the choice of objects&mdash;for remark&mdash;satire&mdash;admiration! Beside the other
+streets seem chalked out for a sect,&mdash;narrow-minded and devoted to a
+<i>coterie</i>. Thou alone art Catholic&mdash;all receiving. Regent-street
+belongs to foreigners, cigars, and ladies in red silk, whose characters
+are above scandal. Bond-street belongs to dandies and picture-buyers.
+St. James's to club-loungers, and young men in the Guards, with
+mustachios properly blackened by the <i>cire</i> of Mr. Delcroix; but
+thou, Oxford-street, what class can especially claim thee as its own?
+Thou mockest at oligarchies; thou knowest nothing of select orders!
+Thou art liberal as air&mdash;a chartered libertine! accepting the homage
+of all, and retaining the stamp of none. And to call <i>thee</i>
+stony-hearted!&mdash;certainly thou art so to beggars&mdash;to people who have not
+the WHEREWITHAL; but thou wouldst not be so respectable if thou wert not
+capable of a certain reserve to paupers. Thou art civil enough, in all
+conscience, to those who have a shilling in their pocket;&mdash;those who
+have not, why do they live at all?"
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"That's not exactly what surprises me," said Asmodeus; "I don't wonder
+<i>why</i> they live, but <i>where</i> they live: for I perceive boards
+in every parish proclaiming that no vagrant&mdash;that is, no person who is
+too poor to pay for his lodging&mdash;will be permitted to stay there. Where
+then does he stay?&mdash;every parish unites against him&mdash;not a spot of
+ground is lawful for him to stand on. At length he is passed on to his
+own parish; the meaning of which is, that not finding a decent
+livelihood in one place, the laws prevent his seeking it at any other.
+By the way, it would not be a bad plan to substitute a vagrant for a
+fox, and, to hunt him regularly, you might hunt him with a pack of
+respectable persons belonging to the middle class, and eat him when he's
+caught. That
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page366" name="page366"></a>[pg 366]</span>
+would be the shortest way to get rid of the race. You might
+proclaim a reward for every vagrant's head: it would gain the King more
+honour with the rate-payers than clearing the country of wolves won
+to his predecessor. What wolf eats so much as a beggar? What wolf so
+troublesome, so famished, and so good for nothing? People are quite
+right in judging a man's virtue by his wealth; for when a man has not
+a shilling he soon grows a rogue. He must live on his wits, and a man's
+wits have no conscience when his stomach is empty. We are all very poor
+in Hell&mdash;very; if we were rich, Satan says, justly, that we should
+become idle."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+I know not how it is, but my frame is one peculiarly susceptible to
+ennui. There's no man so instantaneously bored. What activity does this
+singular constitution in all cases produce! All who are sensitive to
+ennui do eight times the work of a sleek, contented man. Anything but a
+large chair by the fireside, and a family circle! Oh! the bore of going
+every day over the same exhausted subjects, to the same dull persons of
+respectability; yet that is the doom of all domesticity. Then
+<i>pleasure</i>! A wretched play&mdash;a hot opera, under the ghostly
+fathership of Mr. Monck Mason&mdash;a dinner of sixteen, with such silence
+or <i>such</i> conversation!&mdash;a water-party to Richmond, to catch cold
+and drink bad sauterne&mdash;a flirtation, which fills all your friends with
+alarm, and your writing-desk with love-letters you don't like to burn,
+and are afraid of being seen; nay, published, perhaps, one fine day,
+that you may go by some d&mdash;&mdash;d pet name ever afterwards!&mdash;hunting in a
+thick mist&mdash;shooting in furze bushes, that "feelingly persuade you what
+you are"&mdash;"the bowl," as the poets call the bottles of claret that never
+warm you, but whose thin stream, like the immortal river,&mdash;
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "Flows and as it flows, for ever may flow on;"</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+or the port that warms you indeed: yes, into a bilious headach and a low
+fever. Yet all these things are pleasures!&mdash;parts of social enjoyment!
+They fill out the corners of the grand world&mdash;they inspire the minor's
+dreams&mdash;they pour crowds into St. James's, Doctors' Commons, and Melton
+Mowbray&mdash;they&mdash;&mdash;Oh! confound them all!&mdash;it bores one even to write
+about them.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Only just returned to London, and, after so bright a panegyric on it,
+I already weary of the variety of its samenesses. Shall I not risk the
+fate of Faust, and fall in love&mdash;ponderously and <i>bonâ fide</i>? Or
+shall I go among the shades of the deceased, and amuse myself with
+chatting to Dido and Julius Caesar? Verily, reader, I leave you for the
+present to guess my determination.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+<h2>
+	DOMESTIC HINTS.
+</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	WASTE OF BONES
+</h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Is at all times reprehensible, but more especially as they are employed
+as a manure for dry soils, with the very best effect. They are commonly
+ground and drilled in, in the form of powder, with turnip seed. Mr.
+Huskisson estimated the real value of bones annually imported,
+(principally from the Netherlands and Germany) for the purpose of being
+used as a manure, at 100,000<i>l.</i>; and he contended that it was not
+too much to suppose that an advance of between 100,000<i>l.</i> and
+200,000<i>l.</i> expended on this article occasioned 500,000 additional
+quarters of corn to be brought to market.&mdash;<i>Loudon's Encycl.
+Agricult.</i>
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	GOOD FLOUR.
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+According to the assize acts, a sack of flour weighing 280 lbs. is
+supposed capable of being baked into 80 quartern loaves; one-fifth of
+the loaf being supposed to consist of water and salt, and four-fifths of
+flour. But the number of loaves that may be baked from a sack of flour
+<i>depends entirely</i> on its goodness. Good flour requires more water
+than bad flour, and old flour than new flour. Sometimes 82, 83, and even
+86 loaves have been made from a sack of flour, and sometimes hardly 80.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	LEGAL ADULTERATION OF BREAD.
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+Within the city of London, and in those places in the country where an
+assize is not set, it is lawful for the bakers to make and sell bread
+made of wheat, barley, rye, oats, buckwheat, Indian corn, peas, beans,
+rice, or potatoes, or any of them, along with common salt, pure water,
+eggs, milk, barm, leaven, potato or other yeast, and <i>mixed in such
+proportions as they shall think fit</i>. (3 Geo. IV. c. 106, and 1 and 2
+Geo. IV. c. 50.)
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	HIGH PRICE OF COALS IN LONDON.
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+Much has frequently been said of the monopoly of coal-owners; "but,"
+observes Mr. Macculloch, "we are satisfied, after a pretty careful
+investigation of the circumstances, that no such monopoly has ever
+existed; and that the high price of coal in the metropolis is to be
+ascribed wholly to the various duties and charges that have been laid
+upon it, from the time that it has passed from the hands of the owner,
+to the time that it is lodged in the cellar of the consumer."&mdash;<i>Dict.
+Commerce, &amp;c.</i> 1832.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	ROASTING COFFEE.
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+Coffee in this country is rarely well roasted; and in this consists its
+chief excellence. Dr. Moseley long since observed&mdash;"The roasting of the
+berry to a proper degree requires great nicety: the virtue and
+agreeableness of the
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page367" name="page367"></a>[pg 367]</span>
+drink depend upon it; and both are often injured
+by the ordinary method. Bernier says, when he was at Cairo, where coffee
+is so much used, he was assured by the best judges, that there were
+only two people in that great city who understood how to prepare it in
+perfection. If it be underdone, its virtues will not be imparted, and,
+in use, it will load and oppress the stomach; if it be overdone, it will
+yield a flat, burnt, and bitter taste, its virtues will be destroyed,
+and, in use, it will heat the body, and act as an astringent." The
+desirable colour of roasted coffee is that of cinnamon. Coffee-berries
+readily imbibe exhalations from other bodies, and thereby acquire an
+adventitious and disagreeable flavour. Sugar placed near coffee will, in
+a short time, so impregnate the berries as to injure their flavour. Dr.
+Moseley mentions, that a few bags of pepper, on board a ship from India,
+spoiled a whole cargo of coffee.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+<h2>
+	THE GATHERER.
+</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+<i>History of "The Merry Devil of Edmonton" and "The Witch of
+Edmonton."&mdash;</i>Lysons, in his <i>Environs of London</i>, says, "There
+is a fable (says Norden) of one Peter Fabell, that lyeth in Edmonton
+church, who is said to have beguiled the devell by policie for money;
+but the devell is deceit itselfe, and hardly deceived."&mdash;"Belike (says
+Weever) he was some ingenious, conceited gentleman, who did use some
+sleightie tricks for his own disport. He lived and died in the reign of
+Henry the Seventh, says the book of his merry pranks." The book Weever
+refers to is a pamphlet, now very scarce, called "<i>The Life and Death
+of the Merry Devil of Edmonton, with the Pleasant Pranks of Smug the
+Smith, &amp;c."</i> These pleasant pranks compose the greater part of the
+book, which informs us that Peter Fabell was born at Edmonton, and lived
+and died there in the reign of Henry VII. He is called "an excellent
+scholar, and well seene in the arte of magick." His story was worked up
+into a play, called "The Merry Devil of Edmonton," which has been
+falsely attributed to Shakspeare, but is now generally supposed to have
+been written by Michael Drayton. There are five editions of this play;
+the first came out in 1608; the scene is laid at Edmonton and Enfield.
+Edmonton has furnished the stage with another drama, called, "The Witch
+of Edmonton."
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "The town of Edmonton has lent the stage</p>
+           <p>  A Devil and a Witch, both in an age."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+says the prologue to this play, which is said to be founded on a known
+true story, and exhibits various witchcrafts practised upon the
+neighbourhood by one Mother Sawyer, whose portrait with that of her
+familiar (a dog, called Tom, which is one of the <i>dramatis personae</i>,)
+is in the title-page. In the last act, Mrs. Sawyer is led out to
+execution. Thus far Lysons.&mdash;Many curious particulars relating to Mrs.
+Sawyer may be seen in a quarto pamphlet, published in 1621, under the
+title, of <i>The wonderful discoverie of Elizabeth Sawyer, a witch, late
+of Edmonton; her conviction, her condemnation, and death; together with
+the relation of the Divel's accesse to her, and their conference
+together. Written by Henry Goodcole, Minister of the Word of God, and
+her continued visitor in the Goale of Newgate.</i> The play of "The
+Merry Devil of Edmonton" was performed at the Globe, on the Bank-side.
+"The Witch of Edmonton" was often acted at the Cock-pit, in Drury-lane,
+and once at Court, with singular applause. It was never printed till the
+year 1658; and was composed by Rowley, Dekker, and Ford, as a
+tragi-comedy.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+P.T.W.
+</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<p>
+<i>Moody the Actor</i> was an avaricious man. He once lent money to Mr.
+Brereton, the actor; Brereton did not return it immediately, and Moody
+waited with some degree of patience. At length, the first time Moody met
+him, he looked earnestly at him, and vented a kind of noise between a
+sigh and a groan. He repeated this interjection whenever he met
+Brereton, who at length was so annoyed, that he put his hand in his
+pocket and paid him. Moody took the money, and with a gentler aspect
+said, "Did I ask you for it, Billy?"&mdash;Speaking of Sheridan, Moody once
+said, "I have the highest respect for Mr. Sheridan; I honour his
+talents, and would do anything to show my friendship for him, but take
+his word."&mdash;<i>Taylor.</i>
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+<i>A Cruel Physiognomist.</i>&mdash;Quin said of Macklin, "If God writes a
+legible hand, that fellow is a villain." At another time, Quin had the
+hardihood to say to Macklin himself, "Mr. Macklin, by the <i>lines</i>&mdash;I
+beg your pardon, sir&mdash;by the <i>cordage</i> of your face, you should
+be hanged."
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+"<i>The Grand Pause.</i>"&mdash;Macklin had three pauses in his acting&mdash;the
+first, moderate; the second, twice as long; but his last, or "grand
+pause," as he styled it, was so long, that the prompter, on one
+occasion, thinking his memory failed, repeated the cue (as it is
+technically called) several times, and at last so loud as to be heard by
+the audience. At length Macklin rushed from the stage, and knocked him
+down, exclaiming, "The fellow interrupted me in my grand pause!"
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>John Gilpin</i>.&mdash;Henderson, the actor, in his public readings, first
+brought into notice the humorous tale of John Gilpin, which he recited
+with such spirit and comic effect that it drew public attention to the
+poems of Cowper in general, which, excellent as they are, particularly
+<i>The Task</i>, were but little known at the time, though they are now
+justly in universal estimation.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page368" name="page368"></a>[pg 368]</span>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Bibb the Engraver.</i>&mdash;Taylor relates: How Bibb supported himself,
+having relinquished engraving, it would be difficult to conceive, if he
+had not levied taxes upon all whom he knew, insomuch that, besides his
+title of Count, he acquired that of "Half-crown Bibb," by which
+appellation he was generally distinguished; and according to a rough,
+and, perhaps, fanciful estimate, he had borrowed at least 2,000<i>l.</i>
+in half-crowns. I remember to have met him on the day when the death of
+Dr. Johnson was announced in the newspapers, and, expressing my regret
+at the loss of so great a man, Bibb interrupted me, and spoke of him as
+a man of no genius, whose mind contained nothing but the lumber of
+learning. I was modestly beginning a panegyric upon the doctor, when he
+again interrupted me with, "Oh! never mind, that old blockhead. Have you
+such a thing as ninepence about you?" Luckily for him I had a little
+more.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+<i>Worst Leg</i>&mdash;Theophilus Cibber was by no means wanting in abilities
+or humour. He had ill-formed legs; and having projected one of them in
+company, which was noticed with a laugh, he offered to lay a wager that
+there was a worse in company; and it being accepted, he put forward his
+other leg, which was indeed more ill-shaped than the other.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+<i>A Painter's Gratitude</i>.&mdash;Zoffani, the celebrated painter, who was
+born at Frankfort, 1735, came to England, as a painter of small
+portraits, when he was about the age of thirty years. He had the honour
+to be employed by his Majesty, and painted portraits of the royal
+family; and he was engaged by the Queen, to paint for her a view of the
+Tribune of the Gallery of Florence. He was somewhat of a humorist; and
+it is said of him, that whilst he was engaged painting in the Florentine
+Gallery, the Emperor of Germany visited the Grand Duke; and coining up
+to Zoffani, in the Gallery, was much pleased with his performance, and
+asked him his name; and on hearing it, inquired what countryman he was,
+when he answered, "An Englishman."&mdash;"Why," said the Emperor, "your name
+is German!"&mdash;"True," returned the painter. "I was born in Germany, that
+was accidental; <i>I call that my country where I have been
+protected!</i>" He was a member of the Royal Academy, and died in 1808.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+P.T.W.
+</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+<i>Watching for the Soul.</i>&mdash;Margaret of Valois, Queen of Navarre,
+being present at the death-bed of one of her maids of honour, continued
+to fix her eyes on the dying person with uncommon eagerness and
+perseverance till she breathed her last. The ladies of the Court
+expressed their astonishment at this conduct, and requested to know what
+satisfaction her majesty could derive from so close an inspection of the
+agonies of death. Her answer marked a most daring and inquisitive mind.
+She said that having often heard the most learned doctors and
+ecclesiastics assert, that on the extinction of the body the immortal
+part was set at liberty and unloosed, she could not restrain her anxious
+curiosity to observe if such separation were visible or discernible;
+that none had she been able in any degree to discover. She was suspected
+of Hugonotism, and was so devout as to compose hymns.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Harvest-home.</i>&mdash;This custom a Correspondent believes to be
+exclusively English; and its rapid disuse in many parts of England
+cannot be but a source of regret to those who study the moral enjoyment
+of the labouring classes of society. The social meal is now recompensed
+by a trifling sum of money, which is either the resource of drunkenness
+and debauchery, or at best is but comparatively ill-spent.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>All things by Comparison.</i>&mdash;Aristippus being reprehended of luxury
+by one that was not rich, for that he gave six crowns for a small fish,
+answered, "Why, what would you have, given?" The other said, "Some
+twelve pence." Aristippus said again, "And six crowns is no more with
+me."
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+P.T.W.
+</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<p>
+<i>Epitaphs.</i>&mdash;At Castle Camps, in Cambridgeshire, is the following
+quaint epitaph on a former rector&mdash;
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Mors mortis morti mortem nisi morte dedisset,</p>
+           <p>  Aeternae Vitae Janua clausa foret.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+The translation is obviously, "unless the Death of Death (Christ) had
+given death to Death by his own death, the gate of eternal life had been
+closed." A poetic specimen of declension!
+</p>
+
+<p>
+At Babraham, in Cambridgeshire, is this on Orazio Palovicini, who was
+the last deputed to this country to collect the Peter-pence; but instead
+of returning to Rome, he divided the spoil with the Queen, and bought
+the estate at Babraham.&mdash;
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Here lies Orazio Pulovicin,</p>
+           <p>  Who robb'd the Pope to pay the Queen.</p>
+           <p>  He was a thief:&mdash;A thief? thou liest!</p>
+           <p>  For why?&mdash;He robb'd but antichrist.</p>
+           <p>  Him Death with besom swept from Babraham,</p>
+           <p>  Unto the bosom of old Abraham;</p>
+           <p>  Then came Hercules, with his club,</p>
+           <p>  And knocked him down to Beelzebub.</p>
+<p style="text-align: right;">INDAGATOR.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	THE ANNUALS FOR 1833.
+</h3>
+
+
+
+<center>
+With our next Number, a SUPPLEMENT,<br />
+CONTAINING THE<br />
+Spirit of the Annuals for 1833:<br />
+With a fine Engraving, &amp;c.<br />
+</center>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a>
+<b>Footnote 1</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+A cleverly conducted work containing more popular information
+on Medicine, Surgery, and what are termed the collateral sciences,
+than we are accustomed to find in a "professional" journal.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a>
+<b>Footnote 2</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+Rammazini.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a>
+<b>Footnote 3</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+Preface de Narcisse Oeuvres, Diverses, t. l. v. 172.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote4" name="footnote4"></a>
+<b>Footnote 4</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a>
+Pathol. lib. 3. cap. 2. Oper. Omm. p. 406.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote5" name="footnote5"></a>
+<b>Footnote 5</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a>
+See the Engraving, vol. xviii. p. 337 of <i>The Mirror.</i>
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote6" name="footnote6"></a>
+<b>Footnote 6</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag6">(return)</a>
+See also pages 113 and 329 of the present volume.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote7" name="footnote7"></a>
+<b>Footnote 7</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag7">(return)</a>
+Hist. Scot. By Sir W. Scott, Bt., vol. i, p. 197.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote8" name="footnote8"></a>
+<b>Footnote 8</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag8">(return)</a>
+Ibid. p. 199.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote9" name="footnote9"></a>
+<b>Footnote 9</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag9">(return)</a>
+Faedera, tom. v. p. 542.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote10" name="footnote10"></a>
+<b>Footnote 10</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag10">(return)</a>
+Messrs Britton and Brayley&mdash;Beauties of England and Wales,
+vol. v. p. 199.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote11" name="footnote11"></a>
+<b>Footnote 11</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag11">(return)</a>
+The Santa Casa.
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>
+<i>Printed and published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset
+House,) London; sold by G.G. BENNIS, 55, Rue Neuve, St. Augustin, Paris;
+CHARLES JUGEL, Francfort; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers.</i>
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, No. 578, by Various
+
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+</pre>
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+</body>
+</html>
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, No. 578, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, No. 578
+       Vol. XX, No. 578. Saturday, December 1, 1832
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: November 10, 2004 [EBook #14008]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the PG Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOLUME XX., NO. 578] SATURDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1832. [PRICE 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+[Illustration: TANFIELD ARCH, DURHAM.]
+
+
+Tanfield is a considerable village, situated seven miles from Gateshead,
+in the county of Durham, and eight miles in a south-west direction from
+Newcastle-on-Tyne. The above arch is about a mile from the village, and
+crosses a deep dell, called Causey Burne, down which an insignificant
+streamlet finds its sinuous course. The site possesses some picturesque
+beauty, though its silvan pride be
+
+  After a season gay and brief,
+  Condemn'd to fade and flee.
+
+
+It has much of the poet's "bosky bourne," and beside
+
+  The huddling brooklet's secret brim,
+
+
+his pensive mind may feed upon the natural glories of the scene; while,
+attuned to melancholy,
+
+  In hollow music sighing through the glade,
+    The breeze of autumn strikes the startled ear,
+  And fancy, pacing through the woodland shade,
+    Hears in the gust the requiem of the year.
+
+
+KIRKE WHITE'S _Early Poems_.
+
+The ARCH was an architectural wonder of the last century. It was built
+in the year 1729, as a passage for the wagon-way, or rail-road for the
+conveyance of coals from collieries in the vicinity of Tanfield, which
+were the property of an association called "the Great Allies." It is a
+magnificent stone structure, one hundred and thirty feet in the span,
+springing from abutments nine feet high, to the height of sixty feet:
+a dial is placed on the top with a suitable inscription. The expense
+of its construction is stated to have amounted to 12,000_l._; the
+masonry is reputed to be extremely good, and the arch itself is nearly
+perfect, though it is now only known as a foot-way, the collieries for
+the use of which it was built, being no longer worked: previously it was
+but a private road-way. In Cooke's _Topography_ we find it stated,
+(though it is not mentioned upon what authority,) that the architect
+built a former arch which fell, and that the apprehension of the second
+experiencing the same fate induced him to commit suicide.
+
+Before the building of the New London Bridge, the arch at Tanfield is
+said to have been the largest stone arch in existence. The span of the
+central arch of the bridge is 152 feet; and that of the arches on each
+side of the centre, 140 feet: the span of the arches of Waterloo Bridge
+is 120 feet; so that the reader may form a tolerably correct estimate of
+the arch at Tanfield.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE RESTING-PLACE.
+
+
+  Where shall this wounded, aching breast.
+  Find a couch of soothing rest--
+      A respite from its woes?
+  Friend! mark'st thou that grassy bed,
+  The cold, clay dwelling of the dead--
+      There, there is sure repose.
+
+  When shall this soul, so long borne down
+  By Fate's despite and with'ring frown,
+      A rescue know from care?
+  Friend! when that dark home is thine,
+  Never more thy heart shall pine--
+      Grim sorrow comes not there.
+
+  When thy name is of that number,
+  Sound and sweet will be thy slumber;--
+  All earthly pangs and troubles cease,
+  Nor dare invade that house of peace.
+  On that pillow, ozier drest,
+  The worn, the "weary are at rest."
+  Thy broken heart shall cease to sigh,
+  And tears forsake that sunken eye;--
+  No dreams distract that holy sleep--
+  No tempests break that calm so deep.
+  Come, then!--forsaken, wearied, come!
+  Here is for thee a peaceful home.
+
+
+_Sarum._           COLBOURNE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE HORSE "ECLIPSE."
+
+
+A warm--hearted Correspondent, "W.C." of _Milton_ (who is anxious
+for our accuracy on all points), wishes us to correct an error or two in
+the account of _Eclipse_, at p. 362, vol. xix. of _The Mirror_. It is
+there stated that Mr. Wildman sold the moiety of Eclipse to Colonel
+O'Kelly, for 650 guineas; and that O'Kelly subsequently bought the other
+moiety for 1,100 guineas. But, our Correspondent, who was for many years
+intimate with both the above gentlemen, assures us that "the Colonel
+gave to Mr. Wildman 2,000_l._ for a moiety of Eclipse, and
+subsequently 2,000_l._ for the other moiety--making the whole
+purchase-money 4,000_l_."
+
+In the page wherein the above mis-statement appears is another error,
+respecting the speed of _Childers_--"over the round course at
+Newmarket, 3 miles, 6 furlongs, and 93 yards, in 6 minutes and 40
+seconds; to perform which, he must have moved 82-1/2 feet in a second of
+time, or at the rate of nearly one mile in a minute." We have referred
+to the work whence the above was quoted (_Hist. Epsom_, p. 103),
+and find it to correspond with our reprint. The calculation is evidently
+incorrect: for Childers would thus appear scarcely to have exceeded half
+a mile a minute.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE NATURALIST.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+POISON OF THE HORNED VIPER.
+
+(_Cerastes Coluber._)
+
+
+Mr. Madden, whilst in Thebes, killed one of these animals, for the
+purpose of extracting its poison, which he found in a small membrane in
+the front of the jaw under the two hollow teeth. Having collected the
+venom carefully on a piece of glass, he examined it with a microscope,
+and found it to consist of sharp, saline spiculae, of a reticular
+appearance, extremely minute. "Half of this I gave to a dog, in a piece
+of meat--it produced no sensible effect; I then diluted the remainder,
+smeared the point of a lancet with it, and wounded the dog in the
+shoulder: this application he only survived three hours."'--_Madden's
+Travels._
+
+MEDICUS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FISH BATTLE.
+
+
+Captain Crow, in a work published a short time since, relates the
+following as having occurred on a voyage to Memel:--"One morning during
+a cairn, when near the Hebrides, all hands were called up at three
+o'clock, to witness a battle between several of the fish called
+thrashers and some sword-fish on one side, and an enormous whale on the
+other. It was in the middle of summer, and the weather being clear, and
+the fish close to the vessel, we had a fine opportunity of witnessing
+the contest. As soon as the whale's back appeared above the water, the
+thrashers, springing several yards into the air, descended with great
+violence upon the object of their rancour, and inflicted upon him the
+most severe slaps with their tails, the sound of which resembled the
+reports of muskets fired at a distance. The sword-fish, in their turn,
+attacked the distressed whale, stabbing him from below;--and thus beset
+on all sides, and wounded, when the poor creature appeared, the water
+around him was dyed with blood. In this manner they continued tormenting
+and wounding him for many hours, until we lost sight of him; and I have
+no doubt they, in the end, accomplished his destruction."
+
+W.G.C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+INFLUENCE OF THE MIND ON THE BODY.
+
+
+"Should the body sue the mind before a court of judicature, for damages,
+it would be found that the mind would prove to have been a ruinous
+tenant to its landlord."--_Plutarch_.
+
+[We abridge these interesting facts from "An Inquiry into the Influence
+of the Mind and Passions on the Body, in the production of Disease"--in
+No. 11 of the _London Medical and Surgical Journal_.[1] The whole
+paper is written in as clear, concise, and popular a style as the
+subject will allow, and its importance demands the attention of the
+reader; although we have not thought it to our purpose to follow the
+writer to the main object--or how these causes operate in the
+_production of disease_.]
+
+Descartes observes, that the soul is so much influenced by the
+constitution of our bodily organs, that if it were possible to find out
+a method of increasing our penetration, it should certainly be sought
+for in medicine, the connexion between the body and mind, is, in fact,
+so strong, that it is difficult to conceive how one of them should act,
+and the other not be sensible, in a greater or less degree, of that
+action. The organs of sense, by which we acquire all our ideas of
+external objects, when acted upon, convey the subject of thought to the
+nervous fibres of the brain; and while the mind is employed in thinking,
+the part of the brain is in a greater or less degree of motion; a large
+quantity of blood is transmitted to the brain, the action of the
+arteries become increased, and the nervous system sensibly affected.
+
+Plato has remarked, with reference to the influence of the mind on the
+corporeal frame, "Where the action of the soul is too powerful, it
+attacks the body so powerfully that it throws it into a consuming state;
+if the soul exerts itself in a peculiar manner on certain occasions, the
+body is made sensible of it, for it becomes heated and debilitated." An
+Italian physician also observes on this subject, that the union of the
+soul with the body is so intimate, that they reciprocally share the good
+or evil which happens to either of them. The mind cannot put forth its
+powers when the body is tired with inordinate exercise and too close
+application to study destroys the body by dissipating the animal spirits
+which are necessary to recruit it.[2]
+
+The knowledge of the influence of the passions of the mind over the
+bodily functions, is of ancient date. Plato, in his "_Timaeus_,"
+states it as his firm conviction, that the spirit exerted a marked
+influence in producing disease. This opinion was afterwards revived by
+Helmont, Hesper Doloeus, and Stahl; the latter plainly says, that the
+rational soul presides over and directs the animal functions. In this
+doctrine he was followed by Nichols, in his "_Anima Medica_."
+According to the doctrines of Stahl, the disorders of the body proceed
+principally from the mind; and, according as it is variously affected,
+it produces different effects (diseases.) Hence, when the mind, which
+animates the most robust and best organized body, is violently agitated
+by fright, rage, grief, vehement desire, or any other passion, whether
+sudden, or attended by long and painful sensations, the body manifestly
+suffers, and a variety of diseases, as apoplexy, palsy, madness, fever,
+and hysterics, may be the consequence. If this be true, an attention to
+the regulations of the mind is of much more importance than physicians
+seem disposed to admit. The poet of health justly says,
+
+  "'Tis the great art of life to manage well
+  The restless mind."
+
+
+In the course of this vitally important and deeply-interesting subject
+of inquiry, it is not my intention to enter into any metaphysical
+discussion respecting the inscrutable and mysterious union existing
+between matter and mind, or to endeavour to point out the manner in
+which the body influences the mind, and the mind the body. Such subjects
+we do not think to be legitimate objects of inquiry. The medical
+philosopher is engaged in less obscure and less uncertain researches; he
+does not attempt to solve the question regarding the intimate union
+subsisting between the natural and intellectual portions of our nature,
+but he wisely confines himself to an attentive examination of the
+phenomena which result from that union. Man is compounded of a soul and
+body, so closely united, not _identified,_ that they frequently
+struggle and occasionally overpower each other. Sometimes the mind
+ascends the throne and subdues, in a moment, the physical energies of
+the most powerful of her subjects. At other times the body gains the
+ascendency, and lays prostrate before her the mightiest of human
+intellects. Instances illustrative of both propositions are of daily
+occurrence. It has been said of Sophocles, that being desirous of
+proving that at an advanced age he was in full possession of his
+intellectual faculties, he composed a tragedy, was crowned, and died
+through joy. The same thing happened to Philippides, the comic writer.
+M. Juventius Thalma, on being told that a triumph had been decreed to
+him for having subdued Corsica, fell down dead before the altar at which
+he was offering up his thanksgiving. Zimmerman, in his work on
+Experience in Physic, has related the circumstance of a worthy family in
+Holland being reduced to indigence; the elder brother passed over to the
+East Indies, acquired considerable fortune there, and returning home
+presented his sister with the richest jewel: the young woman, at this
+unexpected change of fortune became motionless and died. The famous
+Forquet died on being told that Louis XIV. had restored him to his
+liberty. It is also related of Diodorus Chronos, who was considered as
+the most subtle logician of the time of Ptolemy Soter, that Stilbo one
+day in the presence of the king, proposed a question to him, to which he
+was unable to reply. The king, willing to cover him with shame,
+pronounced only one part of his name, and called him _ovos_, ass,
+instead of Chronos. Diodorus was so much affected at this as to die soon
+afterwards.
+
+Perhaps there is not a more remarkable instance on record showing, in a
+melancholy though forcible light, the dominion of mind over the material
+frame, than the circumstances which attended the death of John Hunter.
+This distinguished surgeon and physiologist died in a fit of enraged
+passion; and, what is somewhat extraordinary, he had often predicted
+that such excitement would prove fatal to him. He died at St. George's
+Hospital, Oct. 16, 1793, under these circumstances: being there in the
+exercise of his official duty as surgeon, he had a warm dispute with Dr.
+Pearson, on a professional subject; upon which he said, "I must retire,
+for I feel an agitation which will be fatal to me if I increase it." He
+immediately withdrew into an adjoining room; but Dr. Pearson, not being
+willing to give up his argument, followed him, which so annoyed Hunter,
+that he vehemently exclaimed, "You have followed me on purpose to be
+the death of me! You have murdered me!" and instantly fell and expired!
+Mrs. Byron, the mother of the noble bard, is said to have died in a fit
+of passion. Mr. Moore, in his life of Lord Byron, in speaking of Mrs.
+Byron's illness, says,--"At the end of July her illness took a new and
+fatal turn; and so sadly characteristic was the close of the poor lady's
+life, that a fit of ague, brought on, it is said, by reading the
+upholsterer's bills, was the ultimate cause of her death." A somewhat
+similar circumstance is recorded of Malbranche. The only interview that
+Bishop Berkley and Malbranche had was in the latter philosopher's cell,
+when the conversation turned upon the non-existence of matter, and
+Malbranche is said to have exerted himself so much in the discussion
+that he died in consequence. Sanctorius relates an instance of a famous
+orator, who so far exerted his mind in delivering an oration that he
+became, in a few hours, quite insane.
+
+The effect of a too close application of mind to study on the bodily
+health has long been a matter of common observation. The Roman orator,
+Cicero, points out forcibly the dangers arising from inordinate exertion
+of mind; and he has laid down some rules for guarding against the
+effects of study. M. Van Swieten, in alluding to this subject, relates
+the case of a man whose health was severely injured, by what he calls
+"literary watchings." Whenever he listened with any attention to any
+story, or trifling tale, he was seized with giddiness; he was in violent
+agonies whenever he wanted to recollect any thing which had slipped his
+memory; he oftentimes fainted away gradually, and experienced a
+disagreeable sensation of lassitude. Rousseau has very justly remarked,
+that excessive application of mind "makes men tender, weakens their
+constitutions, and when once the body has lost its powers, those of the
+soul are not easily preserved. Application wears out the machine,
+exhausts the spirits, destroys the strength, enervates the mind, makes
+us pusillanimous, unable either to bear fatigue, or to keep our passions
+under."[3]
+
+Shakspeare appears to have formed a just conception of the great injury
+which the corporeal frame experiences from a too close application of
+mind. The immortal bard observes,--
+
+  "----Universal plodding poisons up
+  The nimble spirits in the arteries
+  As motion and long-during action tires
+  The sinewy vigour of the traveller."
+
+_Love's Labour Lost._
+
+In the consultations of Wesper we find related the history of a young
+man of family 22 years of age, who, having applied himself incessantly
+to intense mental exertion, was seized with a fit of insanity, in which
+fit he wounded several persons and killed his keeper. Catalepsy has been
+known to have been produced by great mental application. Fomelius gives
+us a remarkable instance of it. A man (says he) who passed whole nights
+in writing and studying, was suddenly attacked with a fit of catalepsy:
+all his limbs stiffened in the attitude he was in when the disease first
+seized him. He remained upon his seat, holding the pen in his hand, and
+with his eyes fixed on his paper, so that he was considered to be still
+at his studies, till being called to, and then shaken, he was found to
+be without motion or sensation.[4]
+
+Many extraordinary instances are on record, of remarkable changes having
+been produced in birds by an affection of the animal passions. The
+following fact is related by Mr. Young, in the Edinburgh Geographical
+Journal. A blackbird had been frightened in her cage by a cat; when it
+was relieved, it was found lying on its back, quite wet with
+perspiration. The feathers fell off, and were renewed, but the new ones
+were perfectly white.
+
+A similar phenomenon has been observed in the human species, who have
+been exposed to the effects of inordinate passion. Borrelli relates the
+case of a French gentleman, who was thrown into prison, and on whom fear
+operated so powerfully as to change his hair completely grey in the
+course of one night. Dr. Darwin ascribes this phenomenon to the torpor
+of the vessels, which circulates the fluids destined to nourish the
+hair. Nothing will, perhaps, demonstrate more fully the effects of moral
+causes in producing disease than the structural alterations discoverable
+in the bodies of those who have died whilst labouring under nostalgia,
+or the Swiss malady. This disease is considered peculiar to the Swiss,
+and is occasioned by a desire of revisiting their own country, and of
+witnessing again the scenes of their youth. This desire begins with
+melancholy sadness, love of solitude, silence, bodily weakness, &c. and
+is only cured by returning to their native country. Avenbrugger says,
+that in dissecting the bodies of those who have died in consequence of
+this disease, organic lesions of the heart generally are detected.
+A particular musical composition, supposed to be expressive of the
+happiness of the people, is in great vogue in Switzerland. If this tune
+or piece of music is played among the Swiss in any foreign country, it
+tends strongly to recall their affections for their native soil, and
+their desire of returning, and to induce the desire called nostalgia
+consequent on their disappointment. The effects of this musical
+composition is so powerful, that it is forbidden to be repeated in the
+French camp on pain of death, it having at one period had the effect of
+producing a mutiny among the Swiss soldiers, at that time in the employ
+of the French king.
+
+Predictions of death, whether supposed to be supernatural, or emanating
+from human authority, have often, in consequence of the poisonous
+effects of fear, been punctually fulfilled. The anecdote is well
+attested, of the licentious Lord Littleton, that he expired at the exact
+stroke of the clock, which in a dream or vision, he had been forewarned
+would be the signal of his departure. In Lesanky's voyage round the
+world, there is an account of a religious sect in the Sandwich Islands,
+who arrogate to themselves the power of praying people to death. Whoever
+incurs their displeasure, receives notice that the homicide litany is
+about to begin, and such are the effects of the imagination, that the
+very notice is frequently sufficient with these people to produce the
+effect.
+
+Thousands of other instances might be cited, illustrative of the fatal
+effects of inordinate indulgence in passion.
+
+
+    [1] A cleverly conducted work containing more popular information
+        on Medicine, Surgery, and what are termed the collateral sciences,
+        than we are accustomed to find in a "professional" journal.
+
+    [2] Rammazini.
+
+    [3] Preface de Narcisse Oeuvres, Diverses, t. l. v. 172.
+
+    [4] Pathol. lib. 3. cap. 2. Oper. Omm. p. 406.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ANCIENT BRIDEWELL.[5]
+
+
+The following curious facts, respecting the state of the metropolis
+during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, are extracted from the weekly
+reports made by William Fletewood, Recorder of London, to Lord
+Burghley:--
+
+"My singuler good Lord, uppon Thursdaye, at even, her Majistie, in her
+coache, nere Islyngton, taking of the air, her Highnes was environed
+with a nosmber of roogs. One Mr. Stone, a foteman, cam in all hast to
+my Lord Maior, and after to me, and told us of the same. I dyd the same
+nyght send warrants owt into the seyd quarters, and into Westminster and
+the Duchie; and in the morning I went abrood my selff, and I tooke that
+daye lxxiiij. roogs, whereof some were blynde, and yet great usurers,
+and very rich; and the same daye, towards nyght, I sent Mr. Harrys and
+Mr. Smithe, the Governors of Bridwell, and tooke all the names of the
+roogs; and then sent theym from the Sessions Hall into Bridwell, where
+they remayned that nyght. Uppon Twelff daye, in the forenoone, the
+Master of the Rolls, my selff, and others, receyved a charge before my
+Lords of the Counsell, as towching roogs and masterles men, and to have
+a pryvie searche. The same daye, at after dyner (for I dyned at the
+Rolls), I mett the Governors of Bridwell, and so that after nowne wee
+examined all the seyd roogs, and gave them substanciall payment. And
+the stronger wee bestowed on the myine and the lighters; the rest wee
+dismyssed, with the promise of a dooble paye if we met with theym
+agayne. Uppon Soundaye, being crastino of the Twelffth daye, I dyned
+with Mr. Deane, of Westminster, where I conferred with hym touching
+Westminster and the Duchie; and then I tooke order for Sowthwarke,
+Lambeth, and Newyngton, from whence I receyved a shool of xl. roogs,
+men and women, and above. I bestowed theym in Bridwell. I dyd the
+same after nowne peruse Pooles (St. Paul's), where I tooke about xxii.
+cloked roogs, that there used to kepe standing. I placed theym also in
+Bridwell. The next mornyng, being Mundaye, the Mr of the Rolls and the
+reste tooke order with the constables for a pryvie searche agaynst
+Thursdaye, at nyght, and to have the offenders brought to the Sessions
+Hall uppon Frydaye, in the mornyng, where wee the Justices shold mete.
+And agaynst the same tyme, my Lo. Maior and I dyd the lyke in London and
+Sowthwarke. The same after nowne, the Masters of Bridwell and I mett;
+and after every man had been examined, eche one receyved his payment
+according to his deserts; at whiche tyme the strongest were put to
+worke, and the others dismissed into theyre countries. The same daye
+the Mr of the Savoye was with us, and sayd he was sworne to lodge
+'claudicantes, egrotantes, et peregrinantes;' and the next morning I
+sent the constables of the Duchie to the Hospitall, and they brought
+unto me at Bridwell, vj. tall fellowes, that were draymen unto bruers,
+and were neither 'claudicantes, egrotantes, nor peregrinantes.' The
+constables, if they might have had theyre owen wills, would have browght
+us many moor. The master dyd wryte a very curtese letter unto us to
+produce theym; and although he wrott charitably unto us, yet were they
+all soundly paydd, and sent home to theyre masters. All Tewsdaye,
+Weddensdaye, and Thursdaye, there cam in nosmbers of roogs: they were
+rewarded all according to theyre deserts.--Uppon Frydaye mornyng, at the
+Justice Hall, there were brought in above a C. lewd people taken in the
+pryvie searche. The Mrs of Bridwell receyved theym, and immediately gave
+theym punishment. This Satterdaye, after causes of consciens, herd by my
+Lord Maior and me, I dyned and went to Polls (St. Paul's) and in other
+places, as well within the libertes as elsewhere. I founde not one rooge
+styuyng. Emongst all these thynges, I dyd note that wee had not of
+London, Westm., nor Sowthwarke, nor yett Midd., nor Surr., above twelve,
+and those we have taken order for. The resedew for the most were of
+Wales, Salop, Cestr., Somerset, Barks, Oxforde, and Essex; and that few
+or none of theym had been about London above iij. or iiij. mownthes.
+I did note also that wee mett not agayne with any, in all our searches,
+that had receyved punishment. The chieff nurserie of all these evill
+people is the Savoye, and the brick-kilnes near Islyngton. As for the
+brick-kilnes, we will take suche order that they shall be reformed; and
+I trust, by yr. good Lordship's help, the Savoye shall be amended; for
+surelie, as by experiens I fynd it, the same place, as it is used, is
+not converted to a good use or purpose. And this shall suffice for
+roogs."--W.G.C.
+
+    [5] See the Engraving, vol. xviii. p. 337 of _The Mirror._
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+POVERTY OF KINGS, AND THE BRITISH CROWN PAWNED.
+
+As to increasing wealth by war, that has never yet happened to this
+nation; and, I believe, rarely to any country. Our former kings most
+engaged in war were always poor, and sometimes excessively so. Edward
+III. pawned his jewels to pay foreign forces; and _magnam coronam
+Angliae_, his imperial crown, three several times--once abroad, and
+twice to Sir John Wosenham, his banker, in whose custody the crown
+remained no less than eight years. The Black Prince, as Walsingham
+informs us, was constrained to pledge his plate. Henry V., with all his
+conquests, pawned his crown, and the table and stools of silver which he
+had from Spain. Queen Elizabeth is known to have sold her very jewels.
+
+G.K.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HEAD-DRESS OF THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY, IN ENGLAND.
+
+
+In Wickliffe's _Commentaries upon the Ten Commandments_, in the
+midst of a moral exhortation, he manages, by a few bold touches, to give
+us a picture of the fashionable head-dress of his day:--
+
+"And let each woman beware, that neither by countenance, nor by array of
+body nor of head, she stir any to covet her to sin. Not crooking
+(curling) her hair, neither laying it up on high, nor the head arrayed
+about with gold and precious stones; not seeking curious clothing, nor
+of nice shape, showing herself to be seemly to fools. For all such
+arrays of women St. Peter and St. Paul, by the Holy Ghost's teaching,
+openly forbid."
+
+D.P.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SALADS.
+
+
+Oil for salads is mentioned in the Paston Letters, in 1466, in which
+year Sir John Paston writes to his mother, that he has sent her "ii.
+potts off oyl for salady's, whyche oyl was goode a myght be when he
+delyv'yd yt, and schuld be goode at the reseyving yff itt was not
+mishandled nor miscarryd." This indicates that vegetables for the table
+were then cultivated in England, although the common opinion is, that
+most of our fruit and garden productions were destroyed during the civil
+wars between the houses of York and Lancaster. A good salad, however,
+had become so scarce some years afterwards, that Katharine, the queen of
+Henry VIII., is said, on a particular occasion, to have sent to the
+continent to procure one.
+
+D.P.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ADVERTISEMENT OF THE OPENING OF THE LONDON COFFEE HOUSE, UPWARDS OF A
+CENTURY AGO.
+
+"May, 1731.
+
+"Whereas it is customary for Coffee Houses and other Public Houses to
+take 8_s._ for a quart of Arrack, and 6_s._ for a quart of Brandy or
+Rum, made into Punch;
+
+_This is to give Notice_,
+
+That James Ashley has opened, on Ludgate Hill, the London Coffee House,
+Punch House, Dorchester Beer and Welsh Ale Warehouse, where the finest
+and best old Arrack, Rum, and French Brandy is made into Punch, with the
+other of the finest ingredients--viz.:
+
+"A quart of Arrack made into Punch for six shillings; and so in
+proportion to the smallest quantity, which is half-a-quartern for
+fourpence halfpenny.
+
+"A quart of Rum or Brandy made into Punch for four shillings; and so in
+proportion to the smallest quantity, which is half-a-quartern for
+threepence; and Gentlemen may have it as soon made as a gill of wine can
+be drawn."
+
+G.K.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SIR WILLIAM JONES'S PLAN OF STUDY.
+
+
+Some idea of the acquirements of the resolute industry with which Jones
+pursued his studies may be formed from the following memorandum:--
+
+"Resolved to learn no more _rudiments_ of any kind, but to perfect
+myself in--first, twelve languages, as the _means_ of acquiring
+accurate knowledge of
+
+  I. History.
+  1. Man 2. Nature.
+
+  II. Arts.
+  1. Rhetoric. 2. Poetry. 3. Painting. 4. Music.
+
+  III. Sciences.
+  1. Law. 2. Mathematics. 3. Dialectics.
+
+
+"N.B. Every species of human knowledge may be reduced to one or other of
+these divisions. Even _law_ belongs partly to the history of man,
+partly as a science to dialectics. The twelve languages are Greek,
+Latin, Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Hebrew, Arabic, Persian,
+Turkish, German, English.--1780."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF DISCOVERY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SAILING UP THE ESSEQUIBO.
+
+_By Captain J.E. Alexander, H.P., late 16th Lancers, M.R.G.S., &c._
+
+
+My purpose was now to proceed up the noble Essequibo river towards
+the El Dorado of Sir Walter Raleigh, and view the mighty forests of
+the interior, and the varied and beautiful tribes by which they are
+inhabited. Our residence on the island of Wakenaam had been truly
+a tropical one. During the night, the tree frogs, crickets,
+razor-grinders, reptiles, and insects of every kind, kept up a continued
+concert. At sunrise, when the flowers unfolded themselves, the humming
+birds, with the metallic lustre glittering on their wings, passed
+rapidly from blossom to blossom. The bright yellow and black
+mocking-birds flew from their pendant nests, accompanied by their
+neighbours, the wild bees, which construct their earthen hives on the
+same tree. The continued rains had driven the snakes from their holes,
+and on the path were seen the bush-master (cona-couchi) unrivalled for
+its brilliant colours, and the deadly nature of its poison; and the
+labari equally poisonous, which erects its scales in a frightful manner
+when irritated. The rattlesnake was also to be met with, and harmless
+tree snakes of many species. Under the river's bank lay enormous caymen
+or alligators,--one lately killed measured twenty-two feet. Wild deer
+and the peccari hog were seen in the glades in the centre of the island;
+and the jaguar and cougour (the American leopard and lion) occasionally
+swam over from the main land.
+
+We sailed up the Essequibo for a hundred miles in a small schooner of
+thirty tons, and occasionally took to canoes or coorials to visit the
+creeks. We then went up a part of the Mazaroony river, and saw also the
+unexplored Coioony: these three rivers join their waters about one
+hundred miles from the mouth of the Essequibo. In sailing or paddling up
+the stream, the breadth is so great, and the wooded islands so numerous,
+that it appears as if we navigated a large lake. The Dutch in former
+times had cotton, indigo, and cocoa estates up the Essequibo, beyond
+their capital Kykoveral, on an island at the forks or junction of the
+three rivers. Now, beyond the islands at the mouth of the Essequibo
+there are no estates, and the mighty forest has obliterated all traces
+of former cultivation. Solitude and silence are on either hand, not a
+vestige of the dwellings of the Hollanders being to be seen; and only
+occasionally in struggling through the entangled brushwood one stumbles
+over a marble tombstone brought from the shores of the Zuyderzee.
+
+At every turn of the river we discovered objects of great interest.
+The dense and nearly impenetrable forest itself occupied our chief
+attention; magnificent trees, altogether new to us, were anchored to
+the ground by bush-rope, convolvuli, and parasitical plants of every
+variety. The flowers of these cause the woods to appear as if hung with
+garlands. Pre-eminent above the others was the towering and majestic
+Mora, its trunk spread out into buttresses; on its top would be seen
+the king of the vultures expanding his immense wings to dry after the
+dews of night. The very peculiar and romantic cry of the bell-bird, or
+campanero, would be heard at intervals; it is white, about the size of a
+pigeon, with a leathery excrescence on its forehead, and the sound which
+it produces in the lone woods is like that of a convent-bell tolling.
+
+A crash of the reeds and brushwood on the river's bank would be followed
+by a tapir, the western elephant, coming down to drink and to roll
+himself in the mud; and the manati or river-cow would lift its black
+head and small piercing eye above the water to graze on the leaves of
+the coridore tree. They are shot from a stage fixed in the water, with
+branches of their favourite food hanging from it; one of twenty-two cwt.
+was killed not long ago. High up the river, where the alluvium of the
+estuary is changed for white sandstone, with occasionally black oxide of
+manganese, the fish are of delicious flavour; among others, the pacoo,
+near the Falls or Rapids, which is flat, twenty inches long, and weighs
+four pounds; it feeds on the seed of the _arum arborescens_, in
+devouring which the Indians shoot it with their arrows: of similar genus
+are the cartuback, waboory, and amah.
+
+The most remarkable fish of these rivers are, the _peri_ or
+_omah_, two feet long; its teeth and jaws are so strong, that it
+cracks the shells of most nuts to feed on their kernels, and is most
+voracious; the Indians say that it snaps off the breasts of women, and
+emasculates men. Also the genus _silurus_, the young of which swim
+in a shoal of one hundred and fifty over the head of the mother, who, on
+the approach of danger, opens her mouth, and thus saves her progeny;
+with the _loricaria calicthys_, or _assa_, which constructs a
+nest on the surface of pools from the blades of grass floating about,
+and in this deposits its spawn which is hatched by the sun. In the dry
+season this remarkable fish has been dug out of the ground, for it
+burrows in the rains owing to the strength and power of the spine; in
+the gill-fin and body it is covered with strong plates, and far below
+the surface finds moisture to keep it alive. The _electric eel_ is
+also an inhabitant of these waters, and has sometimes nearly proved
+fatal to the strongest swimmer. If sent to England in tubs, the wood
+and iron act as conductors, and keep the fish in a continued state of
+exhaustion, causing, eventually, death: an earthenware jar is the vessel
+in which to keep it in health.
+
+(_To be concluded in our next._)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+FINE ARTS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CROSSES.[6]
+
+[Illustration: Neville's Cross.]
+
+We resume the illustration of these curious structures with two
+specimens of interesting architectural character, and memorable
+association with our early history. The first is Neville's Cross,
+at Beaurepaire (or Bear Park, as it is now called), about two miles
+north-west from Durham. Here David II., King of Scots, encamped with his
+army before the celebrated battle of Red Hills, or Neville's Cross, as
+it was afterwards termed, from the above elegant stone cross, erected to
+record the victory by Lord Ralph Neville. The English sovereign, Edward
+III., had just achieved the glorious conquest of Crecy; and the Scottish
+king judged this a fit opportunity for his invasion. However, "the great
+northern barons of England, Percy and Neville, Musgrave, Scope, and
+Hastings, assembled their forces in numbers sufficient to show that,
+though the conqueror of Crecy, with his victorious army, was absent
+in France, there were Englishmen enough left at home to protect the
+frontiers of his kingdom from violation. The Archbishops of Canterbury
+and York, the prelates of Durham, Carlisle, and Lincoln, sent their
+retainers, and attended the rendezvous in person, to add religious
+enthusiasm to the patriotic zeal of the barons. Ten thousand soldiers,
+who had been sent over to Calais to reinforce Edward III.'s army, were
+countermanded in this exigency, and added to the northern army.[7]"
+
+The battle, which was fought October 17, 1346, lasted only three hours,
+but was uncommonly destructive. The English archers, who were in front,
+were at first thrown into confusion, and driven back; but being
+reinforced by a body of horse, repulsed their opponents, and the
+engagement soon became general. The Scottish army was entirely defeated,
+and the king himself made prisoner; though previous to the fight he is
+said to have regarded the English with contempt, and as a raw and
+undisciplined host, by no means competent to resist the power of his
+more hardy veterans.
+
+"Amid repeated charges, and the most dispiriting slaughter by the
+continuous discharge of the English arrows, David showed that he had the
+courage, though not the talents, of his father (Robert Bruce). He was
+twice severely wounded with arrows, but continued to encourage to the
+last the few of his peers and officers who were still fighting around
+him."[8] He scorned to ask quarter, and was taken alive with difficulty.
+Rymer says, "The Scotch king, though he had two spears hanging in his
+body, his leg desperately wounded, and being disarmed, his sword having
+been beaten out of his hand, disdained captivity, and provoked the
+English by opprobrious language to kill him. When John Copeland, who was
+governor of Roxborough Castle, advised him to yield, he struck him on
+the face with his gauntlet so fiercely, that he knocked out two of his
+teeth. Copeland conveyed him out of the field as his prisoner. Upon
+Copeland's refusing to deliver up his royal captive to the queen
+(Philippa), who stayed at Newcastle during the battle, the king sent for
+him to Calais, where he excused his refusal so handsomely, that the king
+sent him back with a reward of 500_l._ a year in lands, where he
+himself should choose it, near his own dwelling, and made him a knight
+banneret."[9]
+
+Hume states Philippa to have assembled a body of little more than 12,000
+men, and to have rode through the ranks of her army, exhorting every man
+to do his duty, and to take revenge on these barbarous ravagers. "Nor
+could she be persuaded to leave the field till the armies were on the
+point of engaging. The Scots have often been unfortunate in the great
+pitched battles which they have fought with the English: even though
+they commonly declined such engagements where the superiority of numbers
+was not on their side; but never did they receive a more fatal blow than
+the present. They were broken and chased off the field: fifteen thousand
+of them, some historians say twenty thousand, were slain; among whom
+were Edward Keith, Earl Mareschal, and Sir Thomas Charteris, Chancellor:
+and the king himself was taken prisoner, with the Earls of Sutherland,
+Fife, Monteith, Carrick, Lord Douglas, and many other noblemen." The
+captive king was conveyed to London, and afterwards in solemn procession
+to the Tower, attended by a guard of 20,000 men, and all the city
+companies in complete pageantry; while "Philippa crossed the sea at
+Dover, and was received in the English camp before Calais, with all the
+triumph due to her rank, her merit, and her success." These indeed were
+bright days of chivalry and gallantry.
+
+"The ground whereon the battle was fought," say the topographers of the
+county,[10] "is about one mile west from Durham; it is hilly, and in some
+parts very steep, particularly towards the river. Near it, in a deep
+vale, is a small mount, or hillock, called the _Maiden's Bower_, on
+which the holy Corporex Cloth, wherewith St. Cuthbert covered the
+chalice when he used to say mass, was displayed on the point of a spear,
+by the monks of Durham, who, when the victory was obtained, gave notice
+by signal to their brethren stationed on the great tower of the
+Cathedral, who immediately proclaimed it to the inhabitants of the city,
+by singing Te Deum. From that period the victory was annually
+commemorated in a similar manner by the choristers, till the occurrence
+of the Civil Wars, when the custom was discontinued; but again revived
+on the Restoration," and observed till nearly the close of the last
+century.
+
+The site of the Cross is by the road-side: it was defaced and broken
+down in the year 1589. Its pristine beauty is thus minutely described in
+Davis's _Rights and Monuments_: "On the west side of the city of
+Durham, where two roads pass each other, a most famous and elegant cross
+of stone work was erected to the honour of God, &c. at the sole cost of
+Ralph, Lord Neville, which cross had seven steps about it, every way
+squared to the socket wherein the stalk of the cross stood, which socket
+was fastened to a large square stone; the sole, or bottom stone being of
+a great thickness, viz. a yard and a half every way: this stone was the
+eighth step. The stalk of the cross was in length three yards and a half
+up to the boss, having eight sides all of one piece; from the socket it
+was fixed into the boss above, into which boss the stalk was deeply
+soldered with lead. In the midst of the stalk, in every second square,
+was the Neville's cross; a saltire in a scutcheon, being Lord Neville's
+arms, finely cut; and, at every corner of the socket, was a picture of
+one of the four Evangelists, finely set forth and carved. The boss at
+the top of the stalk was an octangular stone, finely cut and bordered,
+and most curiously wrought; and in every square of the nether side
+thereof was Neville's Cross, in one square, and the bull's head in the
+next, so in the same reciprocal order about the boss. On the top of the
+boss was a stalk of stone, (being a cross a little higher than the
+rest,) whereon was cut, on both sides of the stalk, the picture of our
+Saviour Christ, crucified; the picture of the Blessed Virgin on one
+side, and St. John the Evangelist on the other; both standing on the top
+of the boss. All which pictures were most artificially wrought together,
+and finely carved out of one entire stone; some parts thereof, though
+carved work, both on the east and west sides, with a cover of stone
+likewise over their heads, being all most finely and curiously wrought
+together out of the same hollow stone, which cover had a covering of
+lead."
+
+[Illustration: (_Percy's Cross_.)]
+
+The second specimen (_see the Cut_) stands by the side of the
+highway over Hedgeley Moor, in the adjoining county of Northumberland.
+This Cross is a record of the War of the Roses. Here, in one of the
+skirmishes preliminary to the celebrated victory at Hexham (May 12,
+1464), Sir Ralph Percy was slain, by Lord Montacute, or Montague, brother
+to the Earl of Warwick, and warden of the east marches between Scotland
+and England. His dying words are stated to have been, "I have saved the
+bird in my breast:" meaning his faith to his party. The memorial is a
+square stone pillar, embossed with the arms of Percy and Lucy: they are
+nearly effaced by time, though the personal valour of the hero is
+written in the less perishable page of history.
+
+The Nevilles are distinguished personages in the pages of the historians
+of the North. In Durham they have left a lasting memorial of their
+magnificence in Raby Castle, the principal founder of which was John de
+Neville, Earl of Westmoreland; who, in 1379, obtained a license to
+castellate his manor of Raby; though a part of the structure appears to
+have been of more ancient date. Leland speaks of it in his time as "the
+largest castle of lodgings in all the north country." It remains to this
+day the most perfect castellated mansion, or, more strictly, castle, in
+the kingdom, and its "_hall_" eclipses even the chivalrous
+splendour of Windsor: here 700 knights, who held of the Nevilles, are
+said to have been entertained at one time. The whole establishment is
+maintained with much of the hospitable glories of the olden time by the
+present distinguished possessor of Raby, the Marquess of Cleveland.
+
+    [6] See also pages 113 and 329 of the present volume.
+
+    [7] Hist. Scot. By Sir W. Scott, Bt., vol. i, p. 197.
+
+    [8] Ibid. p. 199.
+
+    [9] Faedera, tom. v. p. 542.
+
+    [10] Messrs Britton and Brayley--Beauties of England and Wales,
+         vol. v. p. 199.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WINTER EXHIBITION OF PICTURES, AT THE SUFFOLK-STREET GALLERY.
+
+(_Concluded from page_ 231.)
+
+
+144. Landscape and Figures. The first by _Gainsborough_; the latter
+by _Morland_.
+
+145. The Body of Harold discovered by Swanachal and two Monks, the
+morning after the Battle of Hastings. _A.J. Woolmer._ A picture of
+some, and not undeserved, distinction in a previous exhibition.
+
+150. Mr. King and Mrs. Jordan in the "Country Girl." _R. Smirke,
+R.A._ The drawing is easy and natural, but the colouring appears to
+us deficient in tone and breadth.
+
+153. View of the River Severn near the New Passage House.
+_Nasmyth._ A delightful scene in what we may call the artist's
+best, or _crisp_ style.
+
+157. Puppy and Frog. _E. Landseer, R.A._ In the most vigorous style
+of our best animal painter.
+
+163. A State Quarry. _De Loutherbourg._
+
+165--167. Portraits of Worlidge and Mortimer. Painted by themselves.
+
+172. Villa of Maecenas. One of _Wilson's_ most celebrated
+compositions, of classic fame.
+
+181. Master's Out, "The Disappointed Dinner Party." _R.W. Buss._ A
+scene of cockney mortification humorously treated.--An unlucky Londoner
+and his tawdrily-dressed wife, appeared to have toiled up the hill, with
+their family of four children, to a friend's cottage, the door of which
+is opened by an old housekeeper, with "Master's out," while the host
+himself is peeping over the parlour window-blind at the disappointment
+of his would-be visitors. The annoyance of the husband at the
+inhospitable answer, and the fatigue of his fine wife, are cleverly
+managed; while the mischievous pranks of the urchin family among the
+borders of the flower-garden remind us of the pleasant "Inconveniences
+of a Convenient Distance." The colouring is most objectionable; though
+the flowers and fine clothes are very abundant.
+
+194. Falls of Niagara. _Wilson._ A sublime picture of this terrific
+wonder of the world.
+
+196. Erzelin Bracciaferro musing over Meduna, slain by him for
+disloyalty during his absence in the Holy Land. _Fuseli._ A
+composition of touching melancholy, such as none but a master-mind could
+approach.
+
+199. The late R.W. Elliston, Esq. One of _Harlow's_ best portraits:
+the likeness is admirable, and the tone well accords with Elliston's
+unguent, supple expression.
+
+204. Portrait of Dr. Wardrope. _Raeburn._ This is one of the
+artist's finest productions: it is clever, manly, and vigorous--painting
+to the life, without the flattering unction of varnished canvass. The
+fine, broad, bold features of the sitter were excellently adapted to the
+artist's peculiar powers.
+
+205. Portrait of Thomson, the Poet. _Hogarth._ The well-known
+picture. How fond poets of the last century were of their
+_dishabille_ in portraits: they had their day as well as nightcaps.
+
+217. Johnny Gilpin. _Stothard._ This lively composition is well
+known, as it deserves to be; but it may not so well be remembered that
+the popularity of John Gilpin was founded by a clever lecturer, who
+recited the "tale in verse" as part of his entertainment. (_See page
+367._) What would an audience of the present day say to such
+puerility; though it would be certainly more rational than people
+listening to a French play, or an Italian or German opera, not a line of
+which they understand.
+
+229. Portrait of R.B. Sheridan. The well-known picture, by
+_Reynolds_, whence is engraved the Frontispiece to Moore's Life of
+the Statesman and Dramatist. Here is the "man himsel," in the formal cut
+blue dress-coat and white waistcoat of the last century. The face may
+be accounted handsome: the cheeks are full, and, with the nose, are
+rubicund--_Bacchi tincti_; the eyes are black and brilliantly
+expressive;--and the visiter should remember that Sir Joshua Reynolds,
+in painting this portrait, is said to have affirmed that their pupils
+were larger than those of any human being he had ever met with. They
+retained their beauty to the last, though the face did not, and the body
+became bent. How much it is to be regretted that Sheridan with such fine
+eyes had so little foresight. There is in the gallery a younger portrait
+of him, in a stage or masquerade dress, which is unworthy of comparison
+with the preceding.
+
+231. Scene in Covent Garden Market. One of the best views of the old
+place, by _Hogarth_; and one of the last sketches before the recent
+improvements, will he found in _The Mirror_, vol. xiii. p. 121. By
+the way, the pillar and ball, which stood in the centre of the square,
+and are seen in the present picture, were long in the garden of John
+Kemble, in Great Russell-street, Bloomshury.
+
+243. Portrait of the late Mr. Holcroft. _Dawe._ In this early
+performance of the artist, we in vain seek for the "best looks" of the
+sitter: such as the painter threw into his portraits of crowned heads.
+
+248. The Happy Marriage. An _unfinished_ picture by _Hogarth_;
+yet how beautifully is some of the distant grouping made out;--what life
+and reality too in the figures, and the whole composition, though seen,
+as it were, through a mist.
+
+249. Study of a Head from Nature, painted by lamp-light. _Harlow._
+A curious vagary of genius.
+
+258. Daughter of Sir Peter Lely. _Lely._ We take this to be the
+oldest picture in the gallery. Lely has been dead upwards of a century
+and a half.
+
+263. One of _Lawrence's_ Portraits of himself.
+
+286. Sir John Falstaff at Gad's Hill. _T. Stothard_, R.A. The
+figure has not the fleshy rotundity of the Falstaff of Shakspeare; he is
+like a half-stuffed actor in the part.
+
+298. Portrait of the late King when Prince of Wales. _Lawrence._
+The features at this period were remarkably handsome; and considering
+the influence of pre-eminence in birth, the expression is not
+over-tinged with _hauteur_. No persons have their portraits so
+frequently painted as princes; and the artist who has the fortune to
+paint them at all ages, as Lawrence did, must watch their personal
+changes with reflective interest, though he may confine them to the
+tablet of his memory. What an interval between the youthful vigour of
+the above portrait of the Prince and the artist's last, fine
+whole-length of the King, in dignified ease, on the sofa! Alas! lines
+increase in our faces as they do in the imperfect maps of a
+newly-discovered country.
+
+313 and 228. Two Landscapes, by _Lawrence_, reminding us how
+strongly the artist's genius was fettered by public taste in Kneller's
+profitable glory of painting "the living."
+
+In the _Water-colour Room_, are many interesting productions, and
+some curiosities in their way. We have Paul Sandby and the quaintly
+precise Capon beside Glover and Landseer--so that the drawings are as
+motley as the paintings. Here also are Lawrence's inimitable chalk
+portraits of his present Majesty and the Duke of Wellington, which show
+us how much true genius can accomplish in a few lines.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SCHOOL OF PAINTING AT THE BRITISH INSTITUTION.
+
+(_From a Correspondent_.)
+
+
+The present school of painting commenced on the 17th of September, and
+the students, as usual, have made numerous attempts to copy the
+inimitable examples of art which have been selected for their
+improvement. The selections consist of specimens from the Italian,
+Flemish, Dutch, and English schools, and afford ample variety, in style
+and subject, for the different tastes of the students. We are sorry to
+state, however, that only a very few copies can be selected as
+possessing a fair resemblance to the superb originals. We proceed to
+notice those who deserve the most praise:--
+
+_Gainsborough's_ Milk Girl is a most happy production of the
+pencil: the figure possesses great infantile beauty; and the landscape
+is rural, and in perfect harmony with the subject. This work has been
+cleverly copied by Messrs. Sargeant and Lilley in oil, and by Miss Fanny
+Corbaux in water-colour.
+
+An Advocate in his Study--_Ostade_: an exquisitely finished cabinet
+picture. The expression in the advocate's face is excellent, and the
+various objects in his study are in proper keeping with his calling. The
+copy by Mr. Novice is excellent; and those of Messrs. Robson and Higham
+display great ability, though they are not sufficiently finished.
+
+A Sea-shore, attributed to _Backhuysen_, has been studied by Mr.
+Dujardin.
+
+Landscape--_Gaspar Poussin._ This great master admirably delineated
+the grandeur of Italian scenery, and invariably chose to represent it
+when the clouds forboded a storm, or when other accidental effects of
+nature added to the sublimity of the occasion. We generally experience a
+kind of awe while contemplating his works; and this feeling is excited
+by the _chef d'oeuvre_ before us. Several students have attempted
+it in oil; and Messrs. Musgrave, Burbank, and Taylor have copied it in
+water-colour.
+
+Messrs. Marks, Sargeant, and Foster deserve notice for their studies
+from a Landscape with Figures, by _Waterloo_; and a charming
+picture by _Albert Cuyp_, representing a wide champaign country,
+with some well-executed figures in the foreground, has engaged the
+talents of Messrs. Hilder, Child, and Stanley.
+
+_Guido's_ Magdalen has been beautifully copied, on a small scale,
+by Mr. Emmerson; and St. Martin dividing his Garments, by _Rubens_,
+has met with successful imitators in the pencils of Messrs. Middleton
+and Buss. These gentlemen's copies, however, are considerably smaller
+than the original, which is of the dimensions of life.
+
+The Water Mill, a brilliant little picture by _Ruysdael_, has
+employed the pencils of several students;--among the most successful of
+whom are Messrs. Stark, Lee, and Hilder.
+
+View on the Grand Canal, Venice, by _Canaletti_: this is, perhaps,
+the _ne plus ultra_ of the master, and is the property of that
+distinguished patron of the fine arts--Lord Farnborough. Miss Dujardin
+has produced the best copy: she has painted the buildings, boats, &c.,
+with considerable accuracy, and has succeeded in imitating the
+transparency of the water. Miss Cook and Mr. Fowler have also copied
+this work.
+
+Miss F. Corbaux (in water-colour), and Messrs. Sargeant, Robson,
+Simpson, and Lilley (in oil), have well copied the Cupid by _Sir J.
+Reynolds_; and Messrs. Fussel, Hilder, Sims, and Hoffland, deserve
+praise for their copies from a Dutch Village, by _Ruysdael_. A Corn
+Field, by the same master, appears to have been carefully studied by
+Messrs. Lee and Novice.
+
+To conclude: A spirited series of small views in Venice, by
+_Guardi_, have been prettily imitated by Mr. Sargeant and Miss
+Dujardin.
+
+G.W.N.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SCRAPS FROM THE DIARY OF A TRAVELLER.
+
+_Rome_.
+
+
+  If e'er you have seen an artist sketching
+    The purlicus of this ancient city,
+  I need not tell you how much stretching
+    There is of _truth_, to make things pretty;--
+  How trees are brought, perforce, together,
+    Where never tree was known to grow:
+  And founts condemned to trickle, whether
+    There's water for said founts or no;--
+  How ev'n the wonder of the Thane
+    In sketching all its wonder loses,
+  As woods _will_ come to Dunsinane,
+    Or any where the sketcher chooses.
+
+  For instance, if an artist see,--
+  As at romantic Tivoli,--
+  A water-fall and ancient shrine,
+    Beautiful both, but not so plac'd
+  As that his pencil can combine
+    Their features in one _whole_ with taste,--
+  What does he do? why, without scruple,
+  He whips the Temple up, as supple
+  As were those angels who (no doubt)
+  Carried the Virgin's House[11] about,--
+  And lands it plump upon the brink
+    Of the cascade, or whersoever
+  It suits his plaguy taste to think
+    'Twill look most picturesque and clever!
+
+  In short, there's no end to the treacheries
+  Of man or maid who once a sketcher is,
+  The livelier, too, their fancies are,
+    The more they'll falsify each spot;
+  As any dolt can give what's _there_,
+    But men of genius give what's _not_.
+  Then come your travellers, false as they,--
+  All Piranesis, in their way;
+  Eking out bits of truth with fallacies,
+  And turning pig-stys into palaces.
+  But, worst of all, that wordy tribe,
+  Who sit down, hang them, to _describe_;
+
+  Who, if they can but make things fine,
+    Have consciences by no means tender
+  In sinking all that, will not shine,
+    All vulgar facts, that spoil their splendour:--
+  As Irish country squires they say,
+    Whene'er the Viceroy travels nigh,
+  Compound with beggars, on the way,
+    To be lock'd up, till he goes by;
+  And so send back his Lordship marvelling,
+  That Ireland should be deem'd so starveling.
+
+  This cant, for instance,--how profuse 'tis
+  Over the classic page of E----e!
+  Veiling the truth in such fine phrase,
+    That we for poetry might take it,
+  Were it not dull as prose, and praise,
+    And endless elegance can make it.--T. MOORE.
+
+
+_Metropolitan_.
+
+    [11] The Santa Casa.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ASMODEUS IN LONDON.
+
+(_From the New Monthly Magazine_.)
+
+
+I was alone with Sleep.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+I woke with a singular sense of feebleness and exhaustion, and turning
+my dizzy eyes---beheld the walls and furniture of my own chamber in
+London. Asmodeus was seated by my side reading a Sunday newspaper--his
+favourite reading.
+
+"Ah!" said I, stretching myself with so great an earnestness, that I
+believed at first my stature had been increased by the malice of the
+Wizard, and that I stretched from one end of the room to the other--"Ah!
+dear Asmodeus, how pleasant it is to find myself on earth again! After
+all, these romantic wonders only do for a short time. Nothing like
+London when one has been absent from it upon a Syntax search after the
+Picturesque!"
+
+"London is indeed a charming place,"--said the Devil--"all our
+fraternity are very fond of it--it is the custom for the Parisians to
+call it dull. What an instance of the vanity of patriotism--there is
+vice enough in it to make any reasonable man cheerful."
+
+"Yes: the gaiety of Paris is really a delusion. How poor its shops--how
+paltry its equipages--how listless its crowds--compared with those of
+London! If it was only for the pain in walking their accursed stones,
+sloping down to a river in the middle of the street--all sense of idle
+enjoyment would be spoilt. But in London--'the hum, the stir, the din of
+men'--the activity and flush of life everywhere--the brilliant
+shops--the various equipages--the signs of luxury, wealth, restlessness,
+that meet you on all sides--give a much more healthful and vigorous
+bound to the spirits, than the indolent loungers of the Tuileries,
+spelling a thrice-read French paper which contains nothing, or sitting
+on chairs by the hour together, unwilling to stir because they have paid
+a penny for the seat--ever enjoy. O! if London would seem gay after
+Paris, how much more so after a visit to the interior of the Earth.
+And what is the news, my Asmodeus?"
+
+"The Theatres have re-opened. Apropos of them--I will tell you a fine
+instance of the futility of human ambition. Mr. Monck Mason took the
+King's Theatre, saith report--(which is the creed of devils)--in order
+to bring out an opera of his own, which Mr. Laporte, with a very
+uncourteous discretion, had thought fit to refuse. The season
+passes--and Mr. Monck Mason has ruined himself without being able to
+bring out his opera after all! What a type of speculation. A speculator
+is one who puts a needle in a hay-stack, and then burns all his hay
+without finding the needle. It is hard to pay too dear for one's
+whistle--but still more hard if one never plays a tune on the whistle
+one pays for. Still the world has lost a grand pleasure in not seeing
+damned an Opera written by the Manager of the Opera-house,--it would
+have been such a consolation to all the rejected operatives,--it would
+have been the prettiest hardship entailed on a great man ever since the
+time of that speaker who was forced himself to put the question whether
+he had been guilty of bribery, and should be expelled the House, and had
+the pleasure of hearing the Ayes predominate. _Je me mete_ with the
+affairs of the Theatre--they are in my diabolic province, you know. But
+if the stage be the fosterer of vice, as you know it is said, vice just
+at this moment in England has very unattractive colours."
+
+"Ah, wait till we break the monopoly. But even now have we not the
+'Hunchback?'
+
+"Yes; the incarnation of the golden mediocre: a stronger proof, by the
+hyperbolic praise it receives, of the decline of the drama than even the
+abundance of trash from which it gleams. Anything at all decent from a
+new dramatic author will obtain success far more easily than much higher
+merit, in another line; literary rivalship not having yet been directed
+much towards the stage, there are not literary jealousies resolved and
+united against a dramatist's as against a poet's or a novelist's
+success. Every one can praise those pretensions, however humble, which
+do not interfere with his own."
+
+"It is very true; there is never any very great merit, at least in a new
+author, when you don't hear the abuse louder than the admiration. And
+now, Asmodeus, with your leave, I will prepare for breakfast, and our
+morning's walk."
+
+"Oh, dear, dear London, dear even in October! Regent-street, I salute
+you!--Bond-street, my good fellow, how are you? And you, O beloved
+Oxford-street! whom the 'Opium Eater' called 'stony-hearted,' and whom
+I, eating no opium, and speaking as I find, shall ever consider the
+most kindly and maternal of all streets--the street of the middle
+classes--busy without uproar, wealthy without ostentation. Ah, the
+pretty ancles that trip along thy pavement! Ah, the odd country
+cousin-bonnets that peer into thy windows, which are lined with cheap
+yellow shawls, price L1. 4s. marked in the corner! Ah, the brisk young
+lawyers flocking from their quarters at the back of Holborn! Ah, the
+quiet old ladies, living in Duchess-street, and visiting thee with their
+eldest daughters in the hope of a bargain! Ah, the bumpkins from Norfolk
+just disgorged by the Bull and Mouth--the soldiers--the milliners--the
+Frenchmen--the swindlers, the porters with four-post beds on their back,
+who add the excitement of danger to that of amusement! The various,
+shifting, motley group, that belong to Oxford-street, and Oxford-street
+alone. What thoroughfares equal thee in variety of human specimens! in
+the choice of objects--for remark--satire--admiration! Beside the other
+streets seem chalked out for a sect,--narrow-minded and devoted to a
+_coterie_. Thou alone art Catholic--all receiving. Regent-street
+belongs to foreigners, cigars, and ladies in red silk, whose characters
+are above scandal. Bond-street belongs to dandies and picture-buyers.
+St. James's to club-loungers, and young men in the Guards, with
+mustachios properly blackened by the _cire_ of Mr. Delcroix; but
+thou, Oxford-street, what class can especially claim thee as its own?
+Thou mockest at oligarchies; thou knowest nothing of select orders!
+Thou art liberal as air--a chartered libertine! accepting the homage
+of all, and retaining the stamp of none. And to call _thee_
+stony-hearted!--certainly thou art so to beggars--to people who have not
+the WHEREWITHAL; but thou wouldst not be so respectable if thou wert not
+capable of a certain reserve to paupers. Thou art civil enough, in all
+conscience, to those who have a shilling in their pocket;--those who
+have not, why do they live at all?"
+
+"That's not exactly what surprises me," said Asmodeus; "I don't wonder
+_why_ they live, but _where_ they live: for I perceive boards
+in every parish proclaiming that no vagrant--that is, no person who is
+too poor to pay for his lodging--will be permitted to stay there. Where
+then does he stay?--every parish unites against him--not a spot of
+ground is lawful for him to stand on. At length he is passed on to
+his own parish; the meaning of which is, that not finding a decent
+livelihood in one place, the laws prevent his seeking it at any other.
+By the way, it would not be a bad plan to substitute a vagrant for a
+fox, and, to hunt him regularly, you might hunt him with a pack of
+respectable persons belonging to the middle class, and eat him when he's
+caught. That would be the shortest way to get rid of the race. You might
+proclaim a reward for every vagrant's head: it would gain the King more
+honour with the rate-payers than clearing the country of wolves won to
+his predecessor. What wolf eats so much as a beggar? What wolf so
+troublesome, so famished, and so good for nothing? People are quite
+right in judging a man's virtue by his wealth; for when a man has not a
+shilling he soon grows a rogue. He must live on his wits, and a man's
+wits have no conscience when his stomach is empty. We are all very poor
+in Hell--very; if we were rich, Satan says, justly, that we should
+become idle."
+
+I know not how it is, but my frame is one peculiarly susceptible to
+ennui. There's no man so instantaneously bored. What activity does this
+singular constitution in all cases produce! All who are sensitive to
+ennui do eight times the work of a sleek, contented man. Anything but a
+large chair by the fireside, and a family circle! Oh! the bore of going
+every day over the same exhausted subjects, to the same dull persons of
+respectability; yet that is the doom of all domesticity. Then
+_pleasure_! A wretched play--a hot opera, under the ghostly
+fathership of Mr. Monck Mason--a dinner of sixteen, with such silence
+or _such_ conversation!--a water-party to Richmond, to catch cold
+and drink bad sauterne--a flirtation, which fills all your friends with
+alarm, and your writing-desk with love-letters you don't like to burn,
+and are afraid of being seen; nay, published, perhaps, one fine day,
+that you may go by some d----d pet name ever afterwards!--hunting in a
+thick mist--shooting in furze bushes, that "feelingly persuade you what
+you are"--"the bowl," as the poets call the bottles of claret that never
+warm you, but whose thin stream, like the immortal river,--
+
+  "Flows and as it flows, for ever may flow on;"
+
+
+or the port that warms you indeed: yes, into a bilious headach and a low
+fever. Yet all these things are pleasures!--parts of social enjoyment!
+They fill out the corners of the grand world--they inspire the minor's
+dreams--they pour crowds into St. James's, Doctors' Commons, and Melton
+Mowbray--they----Oh! confound them all!--it bores one even to write
+about them.
+
+Only just returned to London, and, after so bright a panegyric on it,
+I already weary of the variety of its samenesses. Shall I not risk the
+fate of Faust, and fall in love--ponderously and _bona fide_? Or
+shall I go among the shades of the deceased, and amuse myself with
+chatting to Dido and Julius Caesar? Verily, reader, I leave you for the
+present to guess my determination.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+DOMESTIC HINTS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WASTE OF BONES
+
+
+Is at all times reprehensible, but more especially as they are employed
+as a manure for dry soils, with the very best effect. They are commonly
+ground and drilled in, in the form of powder, with turnip seed. Mr.
+Huskisson estimated the real value of bones annually imported,
+(principally from the Netherlands and Germany) for the purpose of being
+used as a manure, at 100,000_l._; and he contended that it was not
+too much to suppose that an advance of between 100,000_l._ and
+200,000_l._ expended on this article occasioned 500,000 additional
+quarters of corn to be brought to market.--_Loudon's Encycl.
+Agricult._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GOOD FLOUR.
+
+According to the assize acts, a sack of flour weighing 280 lbs. is
+supposed capable of being baked into 80 quartern loaves; one-fifth of
+the loaf being supposed to consist of water and salt, and four-fifths of
+flour. But the number of loaves that may be baked from a sack of flour
+_depends entirely_ on its goodness. Good flour requires more water
+than bad flour, and old flour than new flour. Sometimes 82, 83, and even
+86 loaves have been made from a sack of flour, and sometimes hardly 80.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LEGAL ADULTERATION OF BREAD.
+
+Within the city of London, and in those places in the country where an
+assize is not set, it is lawful for the bakers to make and sell bread
+made of wheat, barley, rye, oats, buckwheat, Indian corn, peas, beans,
+rice, or potatoes, or any of them, along with common salt, pure water,
+eggs, milk, barm, leaven, potato or other yeast, and _mixed in such
+proportions as they shall think fit_. (3 Geo. IV. c. 106, and 1 and 2
+Geo. IV. c. 50.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HIGH PRICE OF COALS IN LONDON.
+
+Much has frequently been said of the monopoly of coal-owners; "but,"
+observes Mr. Macculloch, "we are satisfied, after a pretty careful
+investigation of the circumstances, that no such monopoly has ever
+existed; and that the high price of coal in the metropolis is to be
+ascribed wholly to the various duties and charges that have been laid
+upon it, from the time that it has passed from the hands of the owner,
+to the time that it is lodged in the cellar of the consumer."--_Dict.
+Commerce, &c._ 1832.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ROASTING COFFEE.
+
+Coffee in this country is rarely well roasted; and in this consists
+its chief excellence. Dr. Moseley long since observed--"The roasting
+of the berry to a proper degree requires great nicety: the virtue and
+agreeableness of the drink depend upon it; and both are often injured
+by the ordinary method. Bernier says, when he was at Cairo, where coffee
+is so much used, he was assured by the best judges, that there were
+only two people in that great city who understood how to prepare it in
+perfection. If it be underdone, its virtues will not be imparted, and,
+in use, it will load and oppress the stomach; if it be overdone, it will
+yield a flat, burnt, and bitter taste, its virtues will be destroyed,
+and, in use, it will heat the body, and act as an astringent." The
+desirable colour of roasted coffee is that of cinnamon. Coffee-berries
+readily imbibe exhalations from other bodies, and thereby acquire an
+adventitious and disagreeable flavour. Sugar placed near coffee will, in
+a short time, so impregnate the berries as to injure their flavour. Dr.
+Moseley mentions, that a few bags of pepper, on board a ship from India,
+spoiled a whole cargo of coffee.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_History of "The Merry Devil of Edmonton" and "The Witch of
+Edmonton."--_Lysons, in his _Environs of London_, says, "There
+is a fable (says Norden) of one Peter Fabell, that lyeth in Edmonton
+church, who is said to have beguiled the devell by policie for money;
+but the devell is deceit itselfe, and hardly deceived."--"Belike (says
+Weever) he was some ingenious, conceited gentleman, who did use some
+sleightie tricks for his own disport. He lived and died in the reign of
+Henry the Seventh, says the book of his merry pranks." The book Weever
+refers to is a pamphlet, now very scarce, called "_The Life and Death
+of the Merry Devil of Edmonton, with the Pleasant Pranks of Smug the
+Smith, &c."_ These pleasant pranks compose the greater part of the
+book, which informs us that Peter Fabell was born at Edmonton, and lived
+and died there in the reign of Henry VII. He is called "an excellent
+scholar, and well seene in the arte of magick." His story was worked up
+into a play, called "The Merry Devil of Edmonton," which has been
+falsely attributed to Shakspeare, but is now generally supposed to have
+been written by Michael Drayton. There are five editions of this play;
+the first came out in 1608; the scene is laid at Edmonton and Enfield.
+Edmonton has furnished the stage with another drama, called, "The Witch
+of Edmonton."
+
+  "The town of Edmonton has lent the stage
+  A Devil and a Witch, both in an age."
+
+
+says the prologue to this play, which is said to be founded on a known
+true story, and exhibits various witchcrafts practised upon the
+neighbourhood by one Mother Sawyer, whose portrait with that of her
+familiar (a dog, called Tom, which is one of the _dramatis personae_,)
+is in the title-page. In the last act, Mrs. Sawyer is led out to
+execution. Thus far Lysons.--Many curious particulars relating to Mrs.
+Sawyer may be seen in a quarto pamphlet, published in 1621, under the
+title, of _The wonderful discoverie of Elizabeth Sawyer, a witch, late
+of Edmonton; her conviction, her condemnation, and death; together with
+the relation of the Divel's accesse to her, and their conference
+together. Written by Henry Goodcole, Minister of the Word of God, and
+her continued visitor in the Goale of Newgate._ The play of "The
+Merry Devil of Edmonton" was performed at the Globe, on the Bank-side.
+"The Witch of Edmonton" was often acted at the Cock-pit, in Drury-lane,
+and once at Court, with singular applause. It was never printed till the
+year 1658; and was composed by Rowley, Dekker, and Ford, as a
+tragi-comedy.
+
+P.T.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Moody the Actor_ was an avaricious man. He once lent money to Mr.
+Brereton, the actor; Brereton did not return it immediately, and Moody
+waited with some degree of patience. At length, the first time Moody met
+him, he looked earnestly at him, and vented a kind of noise between a
+sigh and a groan. He repeated this interjection whenever he met
+Brereton, who at length was so annoyed, that he put his hand in his
+pocket and paid him. Moody took the money, and with a gentler aspect
+said, "Did I ask you for it, Billy?"--Speaking of Sheridan, Moody once
+said, "I have the highest respect for Mr. Sheridan; I honour his
+talents, and would do anything to show my friendship for him, but take
+his word."--_Taylor._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_A Cruel Physiognomist._--Quin said of Macklin, "If God writes a
+legible hand, that fellow is a villain." At another time, Quin had the
+hardihood to say to Macklin himself, "Mr. Macklin, by the _lines_--I
+beg your pardon, sir--by the _cordage_ of your face, you should
+be hanged."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"_The Grand Pause._"--Macklin had three pauses in his acting--the
+first, moderate; the second, twice as long; but his last, or "grand
+pause," as he styled it, was so long, that the prompter, on one
+occasion, thinking his memory failed, repeated the cue (as it is
+technically called) several times, and at last so loud as to be heard by
+the audience. At length Macklin rushed from the stage, and knocked him
+down, exclaiming, "The fellow interrupted me in my grand pause!"
+
+_John Gilpin_.--Henderson, the actor, in his public readings, first
+brought into notice the humorous tale of John Gilpin, which he recited
+with such spirit and comic effect that it drew public attention to the
+poems of Cowper in general, which, excellent as they are, particularly
+_The Task_, were but little known at the time, though they are now
+justly in universal estimation.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Bibb the Engraver._--Taylor relates: How Bibb supported himself,
+having relinquished engraving, it would be difficult to conceive, if he
+had not levied taxes upon all whom he knew, insomuch that, besides his
+title of Count, he acquired that of "Half-crown Bibb," by which
+appellation he was generally distinguished; and according to a rough,
+and, perhaps, fanciful estimate, he had borrowed at least 2,000_l._
+in half-crowns. I remember to have met him on the day when the death of
+Dr. Johnson was announced in the newspapers, and, expressing my regret
+at the loss of so great a man, Bibb interrupted me, and spoke of him as
+a man of no genius, whose mind contained nothing but the lumber of
+learning. I was modestly beginning a panegyric upon the doctor, when he
+again interrupted me with, "Oh! never mind, that old blockhead. Have you
+such a thing as ninepence about you?" Luckily for him I had a little
+more.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Worst Leg_--Theophilus Cibber was by no means wanting in abilities
+or humour. He had ill-formed legs; and having projected one of them in
+company, which was noticed with a laugh, he offered to lay a wager that
+there was a worse in company; and it being accepted, he put forward his
+other leg, which was indeed more ill-shaped than the other.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_A Painter's Gratitude_.--Zoffani, the celebrated painter, who was
+born at Frankfort, 1735, came to England, as a painter of small
+portraits, when he was about the age of thirty years. He had the honour
+to be employed by his Majesty, and painted portraits of the royal
+family; and he was engaged by the Queen, to paint for her a view of the
+Tribune of the Gallery of Florence. He was somewhat of a humorist; and
+it is said of him, that whilst he was engaged painting in the Florentine
+Gallery, the Emperor of Germany visited the Grand Duke; and coining up
+to Zoffani, in the Gallery, was much pleased with his performance, and
+asked him his name; and on hearing it, inquired what countryman he was,
+when he answered, "An Englishman."--"Why," said the Emperor, "your name
+is German!"--"True," returned the painter. "I was born in Germany, that
+was accidental; _I call that my country where I have been
+protected!_" He was a member of the Royal Academy, and died in 1808.
+
+P.T.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Watching for the Soul._--Margaret of Valois, Queen of Navarre,
+being present at the death-bed of one of her maids of honour, continued
+to fix her eyes on the dying person with uncommon eagerness and
+perseverance till she breathed her last. The ladies of the Court
+expressed their astonishment at this conduct, and requested to know what
+satisfaction her majesty could derive from so close an inspection of the
+agonies of death. Her answer marked a most daring and inquisitive mind.
+She said that having often heard the most learned doctors and
+ecclesiastics assert, that on the extinction of the body the immortal
+part was set at liberty and unloosed, she could not restrain her anxious
+curiosity to observe if such separation were visible or discernible;
+that none had she been able in any degree to discover. She was suspected
+of Hugonotism, and was so devout as to compose hymns.
+
+_Harvest-home._--This custom a Correspondent believes to be
+exclusively English; and its rapid disuse in many parts of England
+cannot be but a source of regret to those who study the moral enjoyment
+of the labouring classes of society. The social meal is now recompensed
+by a trifling sum of money, which is either the resource of drunkenness
+and debauchery, or at best is but comparatively ill-spent.
+
+_All things by Comparison._--Aristippus being reprehended of luxury
+by one that was not rich, for that he gave six crowns for a small fish,
+answered, "Why, what would you have, given?" The other said, "Some
+twelve pence." Aristippus said again, "And six crowns is no more with
+me."
+
+P.T.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+_Epitaphs._--At Castle Camps, in Cambridgeshire, is the following
+quaint epitaph on a former rector--
+
+  Mors mortis morti mortem nisi morte dedisset,
+  Aeternae Vitae Janua clausa foret.
+
+
+The translation is obviously, "unless the Death of Death (Christ) had
+given death to Death by his own death, the gate of eternal life had been
+closed." A poetic specimen of declension!
+
+At Babraham, in Cambridgeshire, is this on Orazio Palovicini, who was
+the last deputed to this country to collect the Peter-pence; but instead
+of returning to Rome, he divided the spoil with the Queen, and bought
+the estate at Babraham.--
+
+  Here lies Orazio Pulovicin,
+  Who robb'd the Pope to pay the Queen.
+  He was a thief:--A thief? thou liest!
+  For why?--He robb'd but antichrist.
+  Him Death with besom swept from Babraham,
+  Unto the bosom of old Abraham;
+  Then came Hercules, with his club,
+  And knocked him down to Beelzebub.
+
+
+INDAGATOR.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE ANNUALS FOR 1833.
+
+
+  With our next Number, a SUPPLEMENT,
+  CONTAINING THE
+  Spirit of the Annuals for 1833:
+  With a fine Engraving, &c.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset
+House,) London; sold by G.G. BENNIS, 55, Rue Neuve, St. Augustin, Paris;
+CHARLES JUGEL, Francfort; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, No. 578, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, ***
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