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diff --git a/old/13936-0.txt b/old/13936-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e13d1e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/13936-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2388 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 47, Saturday, September 21, 1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most +other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions +whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of +the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at +www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have +to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 47, Saturday, September 21, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: November 3, 2004 [EBook #13936] +[Most recently updated: October 14, 2020] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 47, *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team, and The Internet Library of Early Journals + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 47.] +SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1850 +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + + * * * * * + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- + Old Songs. 257 + "Junius Identified." by J. Taylor. 258 + Folk Lore:--Spiders a Cure for Ague--Funeral Superstition--Folk + Lore Rhymes. 259 + On a Passage in the Tempest, by S.W. Singer. 259 + Punishment of Death of Burning. 260 + Note on Morganatic Marriages. 261 + Minor Notes:--Alderman Beckford--Frozen Horn--Inscription + translated--Parallel Passages--Note on George Herbert's Poems--"Crede + quod habes"--Grant to Earl of Sussex--First Woman formed from a + Rib--Beau Brummell's Ancestry. 262 + +QUERIES:-- + Gray's Elegy and Dodsley's Poems. 264 + Hugh Holland and his Works, by E.F. Rimbault, L.L.D. 265 + Harvey and the Circulation of the Blood. 266 + Minor Queries:--Bernardus Patricius--Meaning of + Hanger--Cat and Bagpipes--Andrew Becket--Laurence + Minot--Modena Family--Bamboozle--Butcher's + Blue Dress--Hatchment and Atchievement--"Te + colui Virtutem"--"Illa suavissima Vita"--Christianity, + Early Influence of--Meaning of Wraxen--Saint, + Legend of a--Land Holland--Farewell--Stepony + Ale--"Regis ad Exemplar"--La Caronacquerie--Rev. + T. Tailer--Mistletoe as a Christmas + Evergreen--Poor Robin's Almanacks--Sirloin--Thompson + of Esholt. 266 + +REPLIES:-- + Replies to Minor Queries:--Pension--Execution of + Charles I.--Paper Hangings--Black-guard--Pilgrims' + Road--Combs buried with the Dead--AÎrostation--St. + Thomas of Lancaster--Smoke Money--Robert Herrich--Guildhalls--AbbÈ + Strickland--Long Conkin--Havock--Becket's Mother--Watching + the Sepulchre--Portraits of Charles I.--Joachim, + the French Ambassador. 269 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 271 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 271 + Notices to Correspondents. 271 + Advertisements. 272 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +OLD SONGS. + +I heard, "in other days," a father singing a comic old song to one of +his children, who was sitting on his knee. This was in Yorkshire: and +yet it could hardly be a Yorkshire song, as the scene was laid in +another county. It commenced with-- + + "Randle O'Shay has sold his mare + For nineteen groats at Warrin'ton fair," + +and goes on to show how the simpleton was cheated out of his money. + +I find in Hasted's _History of Kent_ (vol. i. p. 468., 2nd edit.) +mention made of the family of Shaw, who held the manor of Eltham, &c., +and who "derive themselves from the county palatine of Chester." It is +further stated that _Randal de Shaw_, his son, was settled at Haslington +Hall in that county. + +All, indeed, that this proves is, the probability of the hero of the +song being also a native of Cheshire, or one of the adjacent counties; +and that the legend is a truth, even as to names as well as general +facts. The song is worthy of recovery and preservation, as a remnant of +English character and manners; and I have only referred to Hasted to +point out the probable district in which it will be found. + +There are many other characteristics of the manners of the humbler +classes to be found in songs that had great local popularity within the +period of living memory; for instance, the _Wednesbury Cocking_ amongst +the colliers of Staffordshire and _Rotherham Status_ amongst the cutlers +of Sheffield. Their language, it is true, is not always very +delicate--perhaps was not even at the time these songs were +composed,--as they picture rather the exuberant freaks of a +half-civilised people than the better phases of their character. Yet +even these form "part and parcel" of the history of "the true-born +Englishman." + +One song more may be noticed here:--the rigmarole, snatches of which +probably most of us have heard, which contains an immense number of mere +truisms having no connexion with each others, and no bond of union but +the metrical form in which their juxtaposition is effected, and the +rhyme, which is kept up very well throughout, though sometimes by the +introduction of a nonsense line. Who does not remember-- + + "A yard of pudding's not an ell," + +or + + "Not forgetting _dytherum di_, + A tailor's goose can never fly," + +and other like parts? + +It is just such a piece of burlesque as Swift might have written: but +many circumstances lead me to think it must be much older. Has it ever +been printed? + +There is another old (indeed an evidently very ancient) song, which I do +not remember to have seen in print, or even referred to in print. None +of the books into which I have looked, from deeming them likely to +contain it, make the least reference to this song. I have heard it in +one of the midland counties, and in one of the western, both many years +ago; but I have not heard it in London or any of the metropolitan +districts. The song begins thus:-- + + "London Bridge is broken down, + Dance over my Lady Lea: + London Bridge is broken down, + With a gay ladÈe." + +This must surely refer to some event preserved in history,--may indeed +be well known to well-read antiquaries, though so totally unknown to men +whose general pursuits (like my own) have lain in other directions. The +present, however, is an age for "popularising" knowledge; and your work +has assumed that task as one of its functions. + +The difficulties attending such inquiries as arise out of matters so +trivial as an old ballad, are curiously illustrated by the answers +already printed respecting the "wooing frog." In the first place, it was +attributed to times within living memory; then shown to exceed that +period, and supposed to be very old,--even as old as the Commonwealth, +or, perhaps, as the Reformation. This is objected to, from "the style +and wording of the song being evidently of a much later period than the +age of Henry VIII.;" and Buckingham's "mad" scheme of taking Charles +into Spain to woo the infanta is substituted. This is enforced by the +"burden of the song;" whilst another correspondent considers this +"chorus" to be an old one, analogous to "Down derry down:"--that is, M. +denies the force of MR. MAHONY's explanation altogether! + +(Why MR. MAHONY calls a person in his "sixth decade" a "sexagenarian" he +best knows. Such is certainly not the ordinary meaning of the term he +uses. His pun is good, however.) + +Then comes the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT, with a very decisive proof that +neither in the time of James I., nor of the Commonwealth, could it have +originated. His transcript from Mr. Collier's _Extracts_ carries it +undeniably back to the middle of the reign of Elizabeth. Of course, it +is interesting to find intermediate versions or variations of the +ballad, and even the adaptation of its framework to other ballads of +recent times, such as "Heigho! says Kemble,"--one of the Drury Lane +"O.P. Row" ballads (_Rejected Addresses_, last ed., or Cunningham's +_London_). Why the conjecture respecting Henry VIII. is so +contemptuously thrown aside as a "fancy," I do not see. A _fancy_ is a +dogma taken up without proof, and in the teeth of obvious +probability,--tenaciously adhered to, and all investigation eschewed. +This at least is the ordinary signification of the term, in relation to +the search after truth. How far my own conjecture, or the mode of +putting it, fulfills these conditions, it is not necessary for me to +discuss: but I hope the usefulness and interest of the "NOTES AND +QUERIES" will not be marred by any discourtesy of one correspondent +towards another. + +At the same time, the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT has done the most essential +service to this inquiry by his extract from Mr. Collier, as the question +is thereby inclosed within exceedingly narrow limits. But if the ballad +do not refer to Henry VIII., to whom can it be referred with greater +probability? It is too much to assume that all the poetry, wit, and +talent of the Tudor times were confined to the partizans of the Tudor +cause, religious or political. We _know_, indeed, the contrary. But for +his communication, too, the singular coincidence of two such +characteristic words of the song in the "Poley Frog" (in the same number +of the "NOTES AND QUERIES") might have given rise to another conjecture: +but the _date_ excludes its further consideration. + +I may add, that since this has been mooted, an Irish gentleman has told +me that the song was familiar enough in Dublin; and he repeated some +stanzas of it, which were considerably different from the version of +W.A.G., and the chorus the same as in the common English version. I hope +presently to receive a complete copy of it: which, by the bye, like +everything grotesquely humorous in Ireland, was attributed to the author +of _Gulliver's Travels_. + +T.S.D. + + * * * * * + +"JUNIUS IDENTIFIED." + +It is fortunate for my reputation that I am still living to vindicate my +title to the authorship of my own book, which seems otherwise in danger +of being taken from me. + +I can assure your correspondent R.J. (Vol. ii., p. 103.) that I was not +only "literally _the writer_," (as he kindly suggests, with a view of +saving my credit for having put my name to the book), but in its fullest +sense _the author of "Junius Identified"_; and that I never received the +slightest assistance from Mr. Dubois, or any other person, either in +collecting or arranging the evidence, or in the composition and +correction of the work. After I had completed my undertaking, I wrote to +Mr. Dubois to ask if he would allow me to see the handwriting of Sir +Philip Francis, that I might compare it with the published +fac-similes of the handwriting of Junius; but he refused my request. His +letter alone disproved the notion entertained by R.J. and others, that +Mr. Dubois was in any degree connected with me, or with the authorship +of the work in question. + +With regard to the testimony of Lord Campbell, I wrote to his lordship +in February, 1848, requesting his acceptance of a copy of _Junius +Identified_, which I thought he might not have seen; and having called +his attention to my name at the end of the preface, I begged he would, +when opportunity offered, correct his error in having attributed the +work to Mr. Dubois. I was satisfied with his lordship's reply, which was +to the effect that he was ashamed of his mistake, and would take care to +correct it. No new edition of that series of the _Lives of the +Chancellors_, which contains the "Life of Lord Loughborough," has since +been published. The present edition is dated 1847. + +R.J. says further, that "the late Mr. George Woodfall always spoke of +the _pamphlet_ as the work of Dubois;" and that Sir Fortunatus Dwarris +states, "the _pamphlet_ is said, I know not with what truth, to have +been prepared under the eye of Sir Philip Francis, it may be through the +agency of Dubois." If _Junius Identified_ be alluded to in these +observations as a _pamphlet_, it would make me doubt whether R.J., or +either of his authorities, ever saw the book. It is an 8vo. vol. The +first edition, containing 380 pages, was published in 1816, at 12s. The +second edition, which included the supplement, exceeded 400 pages, and +was published in 1818, at 14s. The supplement, which contains the plates +of handwriting, was sold separately at 3s. 6d., to complete the first +edition, but this could not have been the pamphlet alluded to in the +preceding extracts. I suspect that when the work is spoken of as a +pamphlet, and this if often done, the parties thus describing it have +known it only through the medium of the critique in the _Edinburgh +Review_. + +Mr. Dubois was the author of the biography of Sir Philip Francis, first +printed in the _Monthly Mirror_ for May and June, 1810, and reprinted in +_Junius Identified_, with acknowledgment of the source from which it was +taken. To this biography the remarks of Sir Fortunatus Dwarris are +strictly applicable, except that it never appeared in the form of a +pamphlet. + +JOHN TAYLOR. + +30. Upper Gower Street, Sept. 7. 1850. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Spiders a Cure for Ague_ (Vol. ii., p. 130.).--Seeing a note on this +subject reminds me that a few years since, a lady in the south of +Ireland was celebrated far and near, amongst her poorer neighbours, for +the cure of this disorder. Her universal remedy was a large house-spider +alive, and enveloped in treacle or preserve. Of course the parties were +carefully kept in ignorance of what the wonderful remedy was. + +Whilst I am on the subject of cures, I may as well state that in parts +of the co. Carlow, the blood drawn from a black cat's ear, and rubbed +upon the part affected, is esteemed a certain cure for St. Anthony's +fire. + +JUNIOR. + + +_Funeral Superstition._--A few days ago the body of a gentleman in this +neighbourhood was conveyed to the hearse, and while being placed in it, +the door of the house, whether from design or inadvertence I know not, +was closed before the friends came out to take their places in the +coaches. An old lady, who was watching the proceedings, immediately +exclaimed, "God bless me! they have closed the door upon the corpse: +there will be another death in that house before many days are over." +She was fully impressed with this belief, and unhappily this impression +has been confirmed. The funeral was on Saturday, and on the Monday +morning following a young man, resident in the house, was found dead in +bed, having died under the influence of chloroform, which he had +inhaled, self-administered, to relieve the pain of toothache or +tic-douloureux. + +Perhaps the superstition may have come before you already; but not +having met with it myself, I thought it might be equally new to others. + +H.J. + +Sheffield. + + * * * * * + +_Folk Lore Rhymes._-- + + "Find odd-leafed ash, and even-leafed clover, + And you'll see your true love before the day's over." + +If you wish to see your lover, throw salt on the fire every morning for +nine days, and say-- + + "It is not salt I mean to burn, + But my true lover's heart I mean to turn; + Wishing him neither joy nor sleep, + Till he come back to me and speak." + + "If you marry in Lent, + You will live to repent." + +WEDSECNARF. + + * * * * * + +EMENDATION OF A PASSAGE IN THE "TEMPEST." + +Premising that I should approach the text of our great poet with an +almost equal degree of awful reverence with that which characterises his +two latest editors, I must confess that I should not have the same +respect for evident errors of the printers of the early editions, which +they have occasionally shown. In the following passage in the _Tempest_, +Act i., Scene 1., this forbearance has not, however, been the cause of +the very unsatisfactory state in which they have both left it. I +must be indulged in citing at length, that the context may the more +clearly show what was really the poet's meaning:-- + + "Enter FERDINAND _bearing a Log_. + + "_Fer._ There be some sports are painful; and their labour + Delight in them sets off; some kinds of baseness + Are nobly undergone; and most poor matters + Point to rich ends. This my mean task + Would be as heavy to me, as odious; but + The mistress, which I serve, quickens what's dead, + And makes my labours pleasures: O! she is + Ten times more gentle than her father's crabbed; + And he's composed of harshness. I must remove + Some thousands of these logs, and pile them up, + Upon a sore injunction: My sweet mistress + Weeps when she sees me work; and says such business + Had never like executor. I forget: + But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours; + Most busy lest when I do it." + +Mr. Collier reads these last two lines thus-- + + "But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours; + Most busy, least when I do it." + +with the following note-- + + "The meaning of this passage seems to have been misunderstood by + all the commentators. Ferdinand says that the thoughts of + Miranda so refresh his labours, that when he is most busy he + seems to feel his toil _least_. It is printed in the folio + 1623,-- + + 'Most busy _lest_ when I do it,' + + --a trifling error of the press corrected in the folio 1632, + although Theobald tells us that both the oldest editions read + _lest_. Not catching the poet's meaning, he printed,-- + + 'Most busy-_less_ when I do it,' + + and his supposed emendation has ever since been taken as the + text; even Capell adopted it. I am happy in having Mr. Amyot's + concurrence in this restoration." + +Mr. Knight adopts Theobald's reading, and Mr. Dyce approves it in the +following words:-- + + "When Theobald made the emendation, 'Most busy-_less_,' he + observed that 'the corruption was so very little removed from + the truth of the text, that he could not afford to think well of + his own sagacity for having discovered it.' The correction is, + indeed, so obvious that we may well wonder that it had escaped + his predecessors; but we must wonder ten times more that one of + his successors, in a blind reverence for the old copy, should + re-vitiate the text, and defend a corruption which outrages + language, taste, and common sense." + +Although at an earlier period of life I too adopted Theobald's supposed +emendation, it never satisfied me. I have my doubts whether the word +_busyless_ existed in the poet's time; and if it did, whether he could +possibly have used it here. Now it is clear that _labours_ is a misprint +for _labour_; else, to what does "when I do _it_" refer? _Busy lest_ is +only a typographical error for _busyest_: the double superlative was +commonly used, being considered as more emphatic, by the poet and his +contemporaries. + +Thus in Hamlet's letter, Act ii. Sc. 2.: + + "I love thee best, O _most best_." + +and in _King Lear_, Act ii. Sc. 3.: + + "To take the basest and _most poorest_ shape." + +The passage will then stand thus:-- + + "But these sweet thoughts, do even refresh my labour, + Most busiest when I do it." + +The sense will be perhaps more evident by a mere transposition, +preserving every word: + + "But these sweet thoughts, most busiest when I do + My labour, do even refresh it." + +Here we have a clear sense, devoid of all ambiguity, and confirmed by +what precedes; that his labours are made pleasures, being beguiled by +these sweet thoughts of his mistress, which are busiest when he labours, +because it excites in his mind the memory of her "weeping to see him +work." The correction has also the recommendation of being effected in +so simple a manner as by merely taking away two superfluous letters. I +trust I need say no more; secure of the approbation of those who (to use +the words of an esteemed friend on another occasion) feel "that making +an opaque spot in a great work transparent is not a labour to be +scorned, and that there is a pleasant sympathy between the critic and +bard--dead though he be--on such occasions, which is an ample reward." + +S.W. SINGER + +Mickleham, Aug 30. 1850. + + * * * * * + +PUNISHMENT OF DEATH BY BURNING. + +(Vol. ii., pp. 6. 50. 90. 165.) + +In the "NOTES AND QUERIES" of Saturday, the 10th of August, SENEX gives +some account of the burning of a female in the Old Bailey, "about the +year 1788." + +Having myself been present at the last execution of a female in London, +where the body was burnt (being probably that to which SENEX refers), +and as few persons who were then present may now be alive, I beg to +mention some circumstances relative to that execution, which appear to +be worthy of notice. + +Our criminal law was then most severe and cruel: the legal punishment of +females convicted of high treason and petty treason was burning; coining +was held to be high treason; and murder of a husband was petty treason. + +I see it stated in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, that on the 13th of +March, 1789,-- + + "The Recorder of London made his report to His Majesty of the + prisoners under sentence of death in Newgate, convicted in the + Sessions of September, October, November, and January (forty-six + in number), fourteen of whom were ordered for execution; + five of whom were afterwards reprieved." + +The recorder's report in regard to these unfortunate persons had been +delayed during the incapacity of the king; thus the report for four +sessions had been made at once. To have decided at one sitting of +council upon such a number of cases, must have almost been enough to +overset the strongest mind. Fortunately, these reports are now +abolished. + +In the same number of the _Gentleman's Magazine_, under date the 18th of +March, there is this statement,-- + + "The nine following malefactors were executed before the + Debtors' Door at Newgate pursuant to their sentence, viz., Hugh + Murphy and Christian Murphy _alias_ Bowman, Jane Grace, and + Joseph Walker, for coining. [Four for burglary, and one for + highway robbery.] They were brought upon the scaffold, about + half an hour after seven, and _turned off_ about a quarter past + eight. The woman for coining was brought out after the rest were + turned off, and fixed to a stake and burnt; being first + strangled by the stool being taken from under her." + +This is the execution at which I was present; the number of those who +suffered, and the burning of the female, attracted a very great crowd. +Eight of the malefactors suffered on the scaffold, then known as "the +new drop." After they were suspended, the woman, in a white dress, was +brought out of Newgate alone; and after some time spent in devotion, was +hung on the projecting arm of a low gibbet, fixed at a little distance +from the scaffold. After the lapse of a sufficient time to extinguish +life, faggots were piled around her, and over her head, so that her +person was completely covered: fire was then set to the pile, and the +woman was consumed to ashes. + +In the following year, 1790, I heard sentence passed in the Criminal +Court, in the Old Bailey, upon other persons convicted of coining: one +of them was a female. The sentence upon her was, that she should be +"drawn to the place of execution, and there burnt with fire till she was +dead." + +The case of this unfortunate woman, and the cruel state of the law in +regard to females, then attracted attention. On the 10th of May, 1790, +Sir Benjamin Hammett, in his place in the House of Commons, called the +attention of that House to the then state of the law. He mentioned that +it had been his official duty to attend on the melancholy occasion of +the burning of the female in the preceding year (it is understood he was +then one of the sheriffs of London), he moved for leave to bring in a +bill to alter the law, which he characterised as-- + + "One of the savage remains of Norman policy, disgracing our + statute book, as the practice did the common law." + +He noticed that the sheriff who did not execute the sentence of burning +alive was liable to a prosecution; but he thanked Heaven there was not a +man in England who would carry such a sentence into effect. He obtained +leave to bring in a bill for altering this cruel law; and in that +session the Act 30 G. III. c. 48. was passed-- + + "For discontinuing the judgment which has been required by law + to be given against women convicted of certain crimes, and + substituting another judgment in lieu thereof." + +A debt of gratitude is due to the memory of Sir Benjamin Hammett, for +his exertions, at that period, in the cause of humanity. Thank God, we +now live in times when the law is less cruel, and more chary of human +life. + +OCTOGENARIUS. + + * * * * * + +A NOTE ON MORGANATIC MARRIAGES. + +Grimm (_Deutsche Rechts Alterthumer_, vol. ii., p. 417.), after a long +dissertation, in which it appears that the money paid by the bridegroom +to the wife's relations (I believe subsequently also to the wife +herself) had every form of a _purchase_, possibly derived also from some +_symbolic_ customs common to all northern tribes, offers the following +as the origin of this word "morganatic:"-- + + "Es gab aber im Alterthum noch einen erlaubten Ausweg f¸r die + Verbindung vorneluner Männer mit geringen (freien und selbst + unfreien) Frauen, den _Concubinat_, der ohne feierliches + Verlˆbniss, ohne _Brautgabe_ und _Mitgift_ eingegangen wurde, + mithin _keine wahre und volle Ehe_, dennoch ein rechtmässiges + Verhältniss war. + + "Da jedoch die Kirche ein solches Verhältniss missbilligte durch + keine Einsegnung weihte, so wurde es allmählich unerlaubt und + verboten als Ausnahme aber bis auf die neueste Zeit f¸r F¸rsten + zugelassen--ja durch Trauung an die linke Hand gefeiert. Die + Benennung Morganatische Ehe,--Matrimonium ad Morganaticam (11. + Feud. 29.), r¸hrt daher, dass _den Concubinen_ eine _Morgangabe_ + (woraus im Mittelalter die Lombarden '_Morganatica_' + machten)--bewilligt zu werden pflegte--_es waren Ehen auf blosse + Morgengabe_. Den Beweis liefern Urkunden, die Morganatica f¸r + Morgengabe auch in Fallen gebrauchen wo von wahrer Ehe die Rede + ist." (See Heinecius, _Antiq_. 3. 157, 158.) + +The case now stands thus: + +It was the custom to give money to the wife's relations on the +marriage-day. + +It was not the custom with respect to unequal marriage (Misheirath): +this took place "ohne Brautgabe und Mitgift," which was also of later +origin. + +The exception made by the Church for _princes_, restored the woman so +far, that the marriage was legally and morally recognised by the Lombard +law and the Church, with exceptions as regards _issue_, and that the +left hand was given for the _right_. + +With regard to this latter, it would be desirable to trace whether +giving of the hand had any _symbolic_ meaning. I think the +astrologists consider the right as the nobler part of the body; if so, +giving of _the left_ in this case is not without symbolic significance. +It must be remembered how much symbolism prevailed among the tribes +which swept Europe on the fall of the Roman empire, and their Eastern +origin. + +The Morgengabe, according to Cancianus (_Leges Barbarorum_, tom. iv. p. +24.), was at first a _free gift_ made by the husband after the first +marriage night. This was carried to such excess, that Liutprand ordained + + "Tamen ipsum Morgengabe volumus, ut non sit amplius nisi quarta + pars ejus substantia, qui ipsum Morgengabe dedit." + +This became subsequently converted into a _right_ termed _justitia_. + +Upon this extract from a charter,-- + + "Manifesta causa est mihi, quoniam die ilio quando te sposavi, + promiseram tibi dare _justitiam_ tuam secundum _legem meam_ [qr. + _my Lombard_ law in opposition to the Roman, which he had a + right to choose,] in Morgencap, id est, quartam portionem omnium + rerum mobilium et immobilium," &c. + +Cancianus thus comments:-- + + "Animadverte, quam recte charta hÊc cum supra alligatis formulis + conveniat. Sponsus promiserat Morgencap, quando feminam + desponsaverat, inde vero ante conjugium chartam conscribit: et + quod et Liutprandi lege, et ex antiquis moribus _Donum_ fuit + mere gratuitum, hic appellatur _Justitia_ secundum legem + Langobardorum." + +The Morgencap here assumes, I apprehend, somewhat the form of _dower_. +That it was so, is very doubtful. (Grimm, vol. ii. p. 441. +"Morgengabe.") + + "An demselben Morgen empf‰ngt die JungFrau von ihrem Gemahl ein + ansehnliches Geschenk, welches Morgengabe heisst. Schon in der + Pactio Guntherammi et Childeberti, werden Dos und Morganagiba + _unterschieden_, ebenso _Leg. Rip._ 37. 2. _Alaman_. 56. 1, 2. + Dos und Morgangeba; _Lex Burgend._ 42. 2. Morgangeba und das + 'pretium nuptiale;' bei den Langobarden, 'Meta und Morgengab.'" + +I do not say this answers the question of your correspondent G., which +is, what is the _derivation_ of the word? + +Its actual signification, I think, means left-handed; but to think is +not to resolve, and the question is open to the charitable contributions +of your learned and able supporters. + +As regards the Fairy Morgana, who was married to a mortal, I confess, +with your kind permission, I had rather not accept her as a satisfactory +reply. It is as though you would accept "once upon a time" as a +chronological date! She was _married_ to a mortal--true; but +_morganatically_, I doubt it. If morganatic came from this, it should +appear the _Fairy Morgana_ was the _first lady_ who so underwent the +ceremony. Do not forget Lurline, who married also a mortal, of whom the +poet so prettily sings: + + "Lurline hung her head, + Turned pale, and then red; + And declared his abruptness in popping the question + So soon after dinner had spoilt her digestion." + +This lady's marriage resembled the other in all respects, and I leave +you to decide, and no man is more competent, from your extensive +knowledge of the mythology of Medieval Europe, whether Morgana, beyond +the mere accident of her name, was more likely than Lurline to have +added a word with a puzzling etymology to the languages of Europe. The +word will, I think, be found of Eastern origin, clothed in a Teutonic +form. + +After all, Jacob Grimm and Cancianus may interest your readers, and so I +send the Note. + +S.H. + +AthenÊum, Sept. 6. 1850 + + * * * * * + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Alderman Beckford._--Gifford (_Ben Jonson_, vol. vi. p. 481.) has the +following note:-- + + "The giants of Guildhall, thank heaven, yet defend their charge: + it only remains to wish that the citizens may take example by + the fate of Holmeby, and not expose them to an attack to which + they will assuredly be found unequal. It is not altogether owing + to their wisdom that this has not already taken place. For + twenty years they were chained to the car of a profligate + buffoon, who dragged them through every species of ignominy to + the verge of rebellion; and their hall is even yet disgraced + with the statue of a worthless negro-monger, in the act of + insulting their sovereign with a speech of which (factious and + brutal as he was) _he never uttered one syllable_." ... "By my + troth, captain, these are very bitter words." + +But Gifford was _generally_ correct in his assertions; and twenty-two +years after _his_ note, I made the following one:-- + + "It is a curious fact, but a true one, that Beckford _did not + utter one syllable of this speech_. It was penned by Horne + Tooke, and by his art put on the records of the city and on + Beckford's statue, as he told me, Mr. Braithwaite, Mr. Seyers, + &c., at the Athenian Club. + + "ISAAC REED. + + "See the _Times_ Of July 23. 1838, p. 6." + +The worshipful Company of Ironmongers have _relegated their_ statue from +their hall to a lower position: but it still disgraces the Guildhall, +and will continue to do so, as long as any factious demagogue is +permitted to have a place among its members. + +L.S. + + +_The Frozen Horn._--Perhaps it is not generally known that the writer of +_Munchausen's Travels_ borrowed this amusing incident from Heylin's +_Mikrokosmos_. In the section treating of Muscovy, he says:-- + + "This excesse of cold in the ayre, gave occasion to _Castilian_, + in his _Aulicus_, wittily and not incongruously to faine that if + two men being smewhat distant, talke together in the winter, + their words will be so frozen that they cannot be heard: but if + the parties in the spring returne to the same place, their words + will melt in the same order that they were frozen and _spoken_, + and be plainly understood." + +J.S. + +Salisbury. + + +_Inscription from Roma Subterranea._--If you deem the translation of +this inscription, quoted in Lord Lindsay's fanciful but admirable +_Sketches of the History of Christian Art_, worth a place among your +Notes, it is very heartily at your service. + + "Sisto viator + Tot ibi trophÊa, quot ossa + Quot martyres, tot triumphi. + Antra quÊ subis, multa quÊ cernis marmora, + Vel dum silent, + Palam RomÊ gloriam loquuntur. + Audi quid Echo resonet + SubterraneÊ RomÊ! + Obscura licet Urbis Cœmetria + Totius patens Orbis Theatrium! + Supplex Loci Sanetitatem venerare, + Et post hac sub luto aurum + Coelum sub coeno + Sub Rom‚ Romam quÊrito!" + +_Roma Subterranea_, 1651, tom. i. p. 625. + +(Inscription abridged.) + + Stay, wayfarer--behold + In ev'ry mould'ring bone a trophy here. + In all these hosts of martyrs, + So many triumphs. + These vaults--these countless tombs, + E'en in their very silence + Proclaim aloud Rome's glory: + The echo'd fame + Of subterranean Rome + Rings on the ear. + The city's sepulchres, albeit hidden, + Present a spectacle + To the wide world patent. + In lowly rev'rence hail this hallow'd spot, + And henceforth learn + Gold beneath dross + Heav'n below earth, + Rome under Rome to find! + +F.T.J.B. + +Brookthorpe. + + +_Parallel Passages._-- + + "_There is an acre sown with royal seed_, the copy of the + greatest change from rich to naked, from cieled roofs to arched + coffins, from _living like gods to die like men_."--Jeremy + Taylor's _Holy Dying_, chap. i. sect. 1. p. 272. ed. Edin. + + "_Here's an acre sown_ indeed + _With_ the richest _royalest seeds_, + That the earth did e'er suck in, + Since the first man dyed for sin: + Here the bones of birth have cried, + Though _gods they were, as men they died_." + F. BEAUMONT + +M.W. +Oxon. + + +_A Note on George Herbert's Poems._--In the notes by Coleridge attached +to Pickering's edition of George Herbert's _Poems_, on the line-- + + "My flesh beg_u_n unto my soul in pain," + +Coleridge says-- + + "Either a misprint, or noticeable idiom of the word _began_: + Yes! and a very beautiful idiom it is: the first colloquy or + address of the flesh." + +The idiom is still in use in Scotland. "You had better not begin to me," +is the first address or colloquy of the school-boy half-angry +half-frightened at the bullying of a companion. The idiom was once +English, though now obsolete. Several instances of it are given in the +last edition of Foxe's _Martyrs_, vol. vi. p. 627. It has not been +noticed, however, that the same idiom occurs in one of the best known +passages of Shakspeare; in Clarence's dream, _Richard III._, Act i. Sc. +4.: + + "O, then _began_ the tempest _to_ my soul." + +Herbert's _Poems_ will afford another illustration to Shakspeare, +_Hamlet_, Act iv. Sc. 7.:-- + + "And then this _should_ is like a spendthrift sigh, + That hurts by easing." + +Coleridge, in the _Literary Remains_, vol. i. p. 233., says-- + + "In a stitch in the side, every one must have heaved + a sigh that hurts by easing." + +Dr. Johnson saw its true meaning: + + "It is," he says, "a notion very prevalent, that sighs impair + the strength, and wear out the animal powers." + +In allusion to this popular notion, by no means yet extinct, Herbert +says, p. 71.: + + "Or if some years with it (a sigh) escape + The sigh then only is + A gale to bring me sooner to my bliss." + +D.S. + + +"_Crede quod habes_," &c.--The celebrated answer to a Protestant about +the real presence, by the borrower of his horse, is supposed to be made +since the Reformation, by whom I forget:-- + + "Quod nuper dixisti + De corpore Christi + Crede quod edis et edis; + Sic tibi rescribo + De tuo palfrido + Crede quod habes et habes." + +But in Wright and Halliwell's _ReliquiÊ AntiquÊ_, p. 287., from a +manuscript of the time of Henry VII., is given-- + + "Tu dixisti de corpore Christi, crede et habes + De palefrido sic tibi scribo, crede et habes." + +M. + + +_Grant to the Earl of Sussex of Leave to be covered in the Royal +Presence._--In editing Heylyn's _History of the Reformation_, I had to +remark of the grant made by Queen Mary to the Earl of Sussex, that it +was the only one of Heylyn's documents which I had been unable to trace +elsewhere (ii. 90.). Allow me to state in your columns, that I have +since found it in Weever's _Funeral Monuments_ (pp. 635, 636). + +J.C. ROBERTSON. + +Bekesbourne. + + +_The first Woman formed from a Rib_ (Vol. ii., p. 213.).--As you have +given insertion to an extract of a sermon on the subject of the creation +of Eve, I trust you will allow me to refer your correspondent +BALLIOLENSIS to Matthew Henry's commentary on the second chapter of +Genesis, from which I extract the following beautiful explanation of the +reason why the _rib_ was selected as the material whereof the woman +should be created:-- + + "Fourthly, that the woman was made of a rib out of the side of + Adam; not made out of his head to top him, nor out of his feet + to be trampled upon by him; but out of his side to be equal with + him, under his arm to be protected, and near his heart to be + beloved." + +IOTA. + + +_Beau Brummel's Ancestry._--Mr. Jesse some years back did ample justice +to the history of a "London celebrity," George Brummell; but, from what +he there stated, the following "Note" will, I feel assured, be a novelty +to him. At the time that Brummell was considered in everything the +_arbiter elegantiarum_, the writer of this has frequently heard Lady +Monson (the widow of the second lord, and an old lady who, living to the +age of ninety-seven, had a wonderful fund of interesting recollections) +say, that this ruler of fashion was the descendant of a very excellent +servant in the family. Not long ago, some old papers of the family being +turned over, proofs corroborative of this came to light. William +Brummell, from the year 1734 to 1764, was the faithful and confidential +servant of Charles Monson, brother of the first lord: the period would +identify him with the grandfather of the Beau; the only doubt was, that +as Mr. Jesse has ascertained that William Brummell, the grandfather, +was, in the interval above given, married, had a _son William_, and +owned a house in Bury Street, how far these facts were compatible with +his remaining as a servant living with Charles Monson, both in town and +country. Now, in 1757, Professor Henry Monson of Cambridge being +dangerously ill, his brother Charles sent William Brummell down, as a +trustworthy person, to attend to him; and in a letter from Brummell to +his master, he, with many other requisitions, wishes that there may be +sent down to him a certain glass vessel, very useful for invalids to +drink out of, and which, if not in Spring Gardens, "may be found in +_Bury Street_. It was used when _Billy_ was ill." From the familiarity +of the word "Billy," he must be speaking of his son. These facts are +certainly corroborative of the old dowager's statement. + +M(2). + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +GRAY'S ELEGY AND DODSLEY POEMS. + +I have here, in the country, few editions of Gray's works by me, and +those not the best; for instance, I have neither of those by the Rev. J. +Mitford (excepting his Aldine edition, in one small volume), which, +perhaps, would render my present Query needless. It relates to a line, +or rather a word in the _Elegy_, which is of some importance. In the +second stanza, as the poem is usually divided (though Mason does not +give it in stanzas, because it was not so originally written), occurs, + + "Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight." + +And thus the line stands in all the copies (five) I am able at this +moment to consult. But referring to Dodsley's _Collection of Poems_, +vol. iv., where it comes first, the epithet applied to "flight" is not +"droning," but _drony_-- + + "Save where the beetle wheels his _drony_ flight." + +Has anybody observed upon this difference, which surely is worthy of a +Note? I cannot find that the circumstance has been remarked upon, but, +as I said, I am here without the means of consulting the best +authorities. The _Elegy_, I presume, must have been first separately +printed, and from thence transferred to Dodsley's _Collection_; and I +wish to be informed by some person who has the earliest impression, how +the line is there given? I do not know any one to whom I can appeal on +such a point with greater confidence than to MR. PETER CUNNINGHAM, who, +I know, has a large assemblage of the first editions of our most +celebrated poets from the reign of Anne downwards, and is so well able +to make use of them. It would be extraordinary, if _drony_ were the +epithet first adopted by Gray, and subsequently altered by him to +"droning," that no notice should have been taken of the substitution by +any of the poet's editors. I presume, therefore, that it has been +mentioned, and I wish to know where? + +Now, a word or two on Dodsley's _Collection of Poems_, in the fourth +volume of which, as I have stated, Gray's-_Elegy_ comes first. +Dodsley's is a popular and well-known work, and yet I cannot find _that +anybody has given the dates connected with it accurately_. If Gray's +_Elegy_ appeared in it for the first time (which I do not suppose), it +came out in 1755 which is the date of vol. iv. of Dodsley's +_Collection_, and not in 1757, which is the date of the Strawberry Hill +edition of Gray's _Odes_. The Rev. J. Mitford (Aldine edit. xxxiii.) +informs us that "Dodsley published three volumes of this _Collection_ in +1752; the fourth volume was published in 1755 and the fifth and sixth +volumes, which completed the _Collection_, in 1758." I am writing with +the title-pages of the work open before me, and I find that the first +three volumes were published, not in 1752, but in 1748, and that even +this was the second edition so that there must have been an edition of +the first three volumes, either anterior to 1748, or earlier in that +year. The sale of the work encouraged Dodsley to add a fourth volume in +1755, and two others in 1758 and the plate of Apollo and the Muses was +re-engraved for vols. v. and vi., because the original copper, which had +served for vols. i., ii., iii., and iv., was so much worn. + +This matter will not seem of such trifling importance to those who bear +in mind, that if Gray's _Elegy_ did not originally come out in this +_Collection_ in 1755, various other poems of great merit and +considerable popularity did then make their earliest appearance. + +THE HERMIT OF HOLYPORT. + +Sept. 1850. + +P.S. My attention has been directed to the subject of Gray's _Poems_, +and particularly to his _Elegy_, by a recent pilgrimage I made to Stoke +Poges, which is only five or six miles from this neighbourhood. The +church and the poet's monument to his mother are worth a much longer +walk; but the mausoleum to Gray, in the immediate vicinity, is a +preposterous edifice. The residence of Lady Cobham has been lamentably +modernised. + + * * * * * + +HUGH HOLLAND AND HIS WORKS. + +The name of Hugh Holland has been handed down to posterity in connexion +with that of our immortal bard; but few know anything of him beyond his +commendatory verses prefixed to the first folio of Shakspeare. + +He was born at Denbigh in 1558, and educated at Westminster School while +Camden taught there. In 1582 he matriculated at Baliol College, Oxford; +and about 1590 he succeeded to a Fellowship at Trinity College, +Cambridge. Thence he travelled into Italy, and at Rome was guilty of +several indiscretions by the freedom of his conversations. He next went +to Jerusalem to pay his devotions at the Holy Sepulchre, and on his +return touched at Constantinople, where he received a reprimand from the +English ambassador for the former freedom of his tongue. At his return +to England, he retired to Oxford, and, according to Wood, spent some +years there for the sake of the public library. He died in July, 1633, +and was buried in Westminster Abbey, "in the south crosse aisle, neere +the dore of St. Benet's Chapell," but no inscription now remains to +record the event. + +Whalley, in Gifford's _Jonson_ (1. cccxiv.), says, speaking of Hugh +Holland-- + + "He wrote several things, amongst which is the life of Camden; + but none of them, I believe, have been ever published." + +Holland published two works, the titles of which are as follows, and +perhaps others which I am not aware of:-- + +1. "Monumenta Sepulchralia Sancti Pauli. Lond. 1613. 4to." + +2. "A Cypres Garland for the Sacred Forehead of our late Soveraigne King +James. Lond. 1625. 4to." + +The first is a catalogue of the monuments, inscriptions, and epitaphs in +the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, which Nicolson calls "a mean and dull +performance." It was, at any rate, very popular, being printed again in +the years 1616, 1618, and 1633. + +The second is a poetical tract of twelve leaves, of the greatest +possible rarity. + +Holland also printed commendatory verses before a curious musical work, +entitled _Parthenia, or the Maydenhead of the First Musick for the +Virginalls_, 1611; and a copy of Latin verses before Dr. Alexander's +_Roxana_, 1632. + +In one of the Lansdowne MSS. are preserved the following verses written +upon the death of Prince Henry, by "Hugh Hollande, fellow of Trinity +College, Cambridge:"-- + + "Loe, where he shineth yonder + A fixed Star in heaven, + Whose motion here came under + None of the planets seven. + If that the Moone should tender + The Sun her love, and marry, + They both could not engender + So sweet a star as HARRY." + +Our author was evidently a man of some poetical fancy, and if not worthy +to be classed "among the chief of English poets," he is at least +entitled to a niche in the temple of fame. + +My object in calling attention to this long forgotten author is, to gain +some information respecting his manuscript works. According to Wood, +they consist of--1. Verses in Description of the chief Cities of Europe; +2. Chronicle of Queen Elizabeth's reign; 3. Life of William Camden. + +Can any of your readers say in whose possession, or in what +library, any of the above mentioned MSS. are at the present time? I +should also feel obliged for any communication respecting Hugh Holland +or his works, more especially frown original sources, or books not +easily accessible. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +HARVEY'S CLAIM TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD. + +I have both a Note and a Query about Harvey and the circulation of the +blood (Vol. ii., p. 187.). The Note refers to Philostratus (_Life of +Apollorius_, p. 461., ed. 1809), _Nouvelles de la RÈpublique des +Lettres_, June, 1684, xi.; and Dutens pp. 157-341. 4to. ed. 1796. I +extract the passage from _Les Nouvelles_:-- + + "On voit avec plaisir un passage d'AndrÈ CÊsalpinus qui contient + fort clairement la doctrine de la circrilation. Il est tirÈ de + ses Questions sur la mÈdecine imprimÈes l'an 1593. Jean + Leonicenas ajo˚te que le pËre Paul dÈcouvrit la circulation du + sang, et les valvules des veines, mais qu'il n'osa pas en + parler, de peur d'exciter contre luy quelque tempÍte. Il n'etois + dÈj‡ que trop suspect, et il n'eut fallu que ce nouveau paradoxe + pour le transformer en hÈrÈtique dans le pais d'inquisition. Si + bien qu'il ne communiqua son secret qu'au seul Aquapendente, qui + n'osant s'exposer ‡ l'envie.... Il attendit ‡ l'heure de sa mort + pour mettre le livre qu'il avoit composÈ touchant les valvules + des veines entre les mains de la rÈpublique de Venise, et comme + les moindres nouveautez font peur en cc pais-l‡, le livre fut + cachÈ dans le billiothËque de Saint Marc. Mais parcequ' + Aquapendente ne fit pas difficultÈ de s'ouvrir ‡ un jeune + Anglois fort curieux nommÈ HarvÈe, qui Ètudioit sous lui a + PadouÎ, et qu'en mÍme temps le pËre Paul fit a mÍme confidence ‡ + l'Ambassadeur d'Angleterre, ces deux Anglois de retour chez eux, + et se voyant en pais de libertÈ, publiËrent ce dogme, et l'ayant + confirmÈ par plusieurs expÈriences, s'en attribuËrent toute la + gloire." + +The Query is, what share Harvey had in the discovery attributed to him? + +W.W.B. + + * * * * * + +Minor Queries. + +_Bernardus Patricius._--Some writers mention _Bernardus_ Patricius as a +follower of Copernicus, about the time of Galileo. Who was he? + +M. + + +_Meaning of Hanger._--Can any one of your readers inform me, what is the +meaning of the word _hanger_, so frequently occurring in the names of +places in Bedfordshire, such as Panshanger? + +W. Anderson + + +_Cat and Bagpipes._--In studying some letters which passed between two +distinguished philosophers of the last century, I have found in one +epistle a request that the writer might be remembered "to his friends at +the Crown and Anchor, and the _Cat and Bagpipes_." The letter was +addressed to a party in London, where doubtless, both those places of +entertainment were. The Crown and Anchor was the house where the Royal +Society Club held its convivial meetings. Can you inform me where the +Cat and Bagpipes was situated, and what literary and scientific club met +there? The name seems to have been a favourite one for taverns, and, if +I mistake not, is common in Ireland. Is it a corruption of some foreign +title, as so many such names are, or merely a grotesque and piquant +specimen of sign-board literature? + +Quasimodo. + + +_Andrew Becket._--A.W. Hammond will feel obliged for any information +respecting Andrew Becket, Esq., who died 19th January, 1843, Êt. 95, and +to whose memory there is a handsome monument in Kennington Church. +According to that inscription, he was "ardently devoted to the pursuits +of literature," personally acquainted in early life with the most +distinguished authors of his day, long the intimate friend of David +Garrick, "and a profound commentator on the dramatic works of +Shakspeare." Can any of the learned readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" +satisfy this Query? + + +_Laurence Minot._--Is any other MS. of Minot known, besides the one from +which Ritson drew his text? Is there any other edition of this poet +besides Ritson's, and the reprints thereof? + +E.S. JACKSON. + + +_Modena Family._--When did Victor Amadeus, King of Sardinia, die? When +did his daughter, Mary Duchess of Modena, die, (the mother of the +present Duke of Modena, and through whom he is the direct heir of the +House of Stuart)? + +L.M.M.R. + + +_Bamboozle._--What is the etymology of _bamboozle_, used as a verb? + +L.M.M.R. + + +_Butcher's Blue Dress._--What is the origin of the custom, which seems +all but universal in England, for butchers to wear a blouse or frock of +_blue_ colour? Though so common in this country as to form a distinctive +mark of the trade, and to be almost a butcher's uniform, it is, I +believe, unknown on the continent. Is it a custom which has originate in +some supposed utility, or in the official dress of a guild or company, +or in some accident of which a historical notice has been preserved? + +L. + + +_Hatchment and Atchievement._--Can any one of the readers of "NOTES AND +QUERIES" tell me how comes the corruption _hatchment_ from +_atchievement_? Ought the English word to be spelt with a _t_, or thus, +_achievement_? Why are hatchments put up in churches and on houses? + +W. ANDERSON. + + +"_Te colui Virtutem_."--Who is the author of the line-- + + "Te colui virtutem ut rem ast tu nomen inane es?" + +It is a translation of part of a Greek tragic fragment, quoted, +according to Dio Cassius, by Brutus just before his death. As much as is +here translated is also to be found in Plutarch _De Superstitione_. + +E. + + +"_Illa suavissima Vita_."--Where does "Illa suavissima vita indies +sentire se fieri meliorem" come from? + +E. + + +_Christianity, Early Influence of._--"The beneficial influence of the +Christian clergy during the first thousand years of the Christian era." + +What works can be recommended on the above subject? + +X.Y.Z. + + +_Wraxen, Meaning of._--What is the origin and meaning of the word +_wraxen_, which was used by a Kentish woman on being applied to by a +friend of mine to send her children to the Sunday-school, in the +following sentence?--"Why, you see, they go to the National School all +the week, and get so _wraxen_, that I cannot send them to the Sunday +School too." + +G.W. Skyring. + + +_Saint, Legend of a._--Can any of your correspondents inform me where I +can find the account of some saint who, when baptizing a heathen, +inadvertently pierced the convert's foot with the point of his crozier. +The man bore the pain without flinching, and when the occurrence was +discovered, he remarked that he thought it was part of the ceremony? + +J.Y.C. + + +_Land Holland--Farewell._--In searching some Court Rolls a few days +since, I found some land described as "Land Holland" or "Hollandland." I +have been unable to discover the meaning of this expression, and should +be glad if any of your correspondents can help me. + +In the same manor there is custom for the tenant to pay a sum as a +_farewell_ to the lord on sale or alienation: this payment is in +addition to the ordinary fine, &c. Query the origin and meaning of this? + +J.B.C. + + +_Stepony Ale._--Chamberlayne, in his _Present State of England_ (part. +i. p. 51., ed. 1677), speaking of the "Dyet" of the people, thus +enumerates the prevailing beverages of the day:-- + + "Besides all sorts of the best wines from Spain, France, Italy, + Germany, Grecia, there are sold in London above twenty sorts of + other drinks: as brandy, coffee, chocolate, tea, aromatick, mum, + sider, perry, beer, ale; many sorts of ales very different, as + cock, _stepony_, stickback, Hull, North-Down, Sambidge, Betony, + scurvy-grass, sage-ale, &c. A piece of wantonness whereof none + of our ancestors were ever guilty." + +It will be observed that the ales are named in some instances from +localities, and in others from the herbs of which they were decoctions. +Can any of your readers tell me anything of Stepony ale? Was it ale +brewed at Stepney? + +James T. Hammack + + +"_Regis ad Exemplar_."--Can you inform me whence the following line is +taken? + + "Regis ad exemplar totus componitur orbis." + +Q.Q.Q. + + +"_La Caconacquerie_".--Will one of your numerous correspondents be kind +enough to inform me what is the true signification and derivation of the +word "caconac?" D'Alembert, writing to Voltaire concerning Turgot, says: + + "You will find him an excellent _caconac_, though he has reasons + for not avowing it:--la caconacquerie ne mËne pas ‡ la fortune." + +Ardern. + + +_London Dissenting Ministers: Rev. Thomas Tailer._--Not being entirely +successful in my Queries with regard to "London Dissenting Ministers" +(Vol. i., pp. 383. 444. 454.), I will state a circumstance which, +possibly, may assist some one of your correspondents in furnishing an +answer to the second of those inquiries. + +In the lines immediately referred to, where certain Nonconformist +ministers of the metropolis are described under images taken from the +vegetable world, the late Rev. Thomas Tailer (of Carter Lane), whose +voice was feeble and trembling, is thus spoken of:-- + + "Tailer tremulous as aspen leaves." + +But in verses afterwards circulated, if not printed, the censor was +rebuked as follows:-- + + "Nor tell of Tailer's trembling voice so weak, + While from his lips such charming accents break, + And every virtue, every Christian grace, + Within his bosom finds a ready place." + +No encomium could be more deserved, none more seasonably offered or more +appropriately conveyed. I knew Mr. Tailer, and am pleased in cherishing +recollections of him. + +W. + + +_Mistletoe as a Christmas Evergreen._--Can any of your readers inform me +at what period of time the mistletoe came to be recognised as a +Christmas evergreen? I am aware it played a great part in those +ceremonies of the ancient Druids which took place towards the end of the +year, but I cannot find any allusion to it, in connexion with the +Christian festival, before the time of Herrick. You are of course aware, +that there are still in existence some five or six very curious old +carols, of as early, or even an earlier date than the fifteenth century, +in praise of the holly or the ivy, which said carols used to be sung +during the Christmas festivities held by our forefathers but I can +discover no allusion even to the mistletoe for two centuries later. If +any of your readers should be familiar with any earlier allusion in +prose, but still more particularly in verse, printed or in manuscript, I +shall feel obliged by their pointing it out. + +V. + + +_Poor Robin's Almanacks._--I am anxious to ascertain in which public or +private library is to be found the most complete collection of Poor +Robin's _Almanacks_: through the medium of your columns, I may, perhaps, +glean the desired information. + +V. + + +_Sirloin._--When on a visit, a day or two since, to the very interesting +_ruin_ (for so it must be called) of Haughton Castle, near Blackburn, +Lancashire, I heard that the origin of this word was the following freak +of James I. in his visit to the castle; a visit, by the way, which is +said to have ruined the host, and to have been not very profitable even +to all his descendants. A magnificent loin of meat being placed on the +table before his Majesty, the King was so struck with its size and +excellence, that he drew his sword, and cried out, "By my troth, I'll +knight thee, Sir Loin!" and then and there the title was given; a title +which has been honoured, unlike other knighthoods, by a goodly +succession of illustrious heirs. Can any of your correspondents vouch +for the truth of this? + +H.C. +Bowden, Manchester. + + +_Thomson of Esholt._--In the reign of Henry VIII. arms were granted to +Henry Thomson, of Esholt, co. York, one of that monarch's +gentlemen-at-arms at Boulogne. The grant was made by Laurence Dalton, +Norroy. The shield was--Per fesse embattled, ar. and sa., three falcons, +belted, countercharged--a _bend_ sinister. Crest: An armed arm, embowed, +holding a lance, erect. Families of the name of Thompson, bearing the +same shield, have been seated at Kilham, Scarborough, Escrick, and other +places in Yorkshire. My inquiries are,-- + +1. Will any of your readers by kind enough to inform me where any +mention is made of this grant, and the circumstances under which it was +made? + +2. Whether any _ancient_ monuments, or heraldic bearings of the family, +are still extant in any parts of Yorkshire? + +3. Whether any work on Yorkshire genealogies exists, and what is the +best to be consulted? + +JAYTEE. + + * * * * * + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Pension_ (Vol. ii., p. 134.).--In the _Dictionnaire Universelle_, 1775, +vol. ii. p. 203., I find the following explanation of the French word +_Pension_:-- + + "Somme qu'on donne pour la nourriture et le logement de + quelqu'un. _Il se dit aussi du lieu o˘ l'on donne ‡ manger._" + +May not the meeting of the benchers have derived its name for their +dining-room in which they assembled? + +BRAYBROOKE. + + +_Execution of Charles I._ (Vol. ii., pp. 72. 110-140. 158.).--In Lilly's +_History of his Life and Times_, I find the following interesting +account in regard to the vizored execution of Charles I., being part of +the evidence he gave when examined before the first parliament of King +Charles II. respecting the matter. Should any of your correspondents be +able to substantiate this, or produce more conclusive evidence in +determining who the executioner was, I shall be extremely obliged. Lilly +writes,-- + + "Liberty being given me to speak, I related what follows: viz., + That the next Sunday but one after Charles I. was beheaded, + Robert Spavin Secretary to Lieutenant-General Cromwell at that + time, invited himself to dine with me, and brought Anthony + Pearson and several others along with him to dinner. That their + principal discourse all dinner time was only who it was that + beheaded the king. One said it was the common hangman; another, + Hugh Peters; others were also nominated, but none concluded. + Robert Spavin, so soon as dinner was done, took me by the hand, + and carried me to the south window. Saith he, 'These are all + mistaken; they have not named the man that did the fact: it was + Lieutenant-Colonel Joice. I was in the room when he fitted + himself for the work; stood behind him when he did it; when + done, went in with him again: there is no man knows this but my + master, viz. Cromwell, Commissary Ireton, and myself.'--'Doth + Mr. Rushworth know it?' saith I. 'No, he doth not know it,' + saith Spavin. The same thing Spavin since has often related to + me, when we were alone." + +R.W.E. +Cheltenham. + + +_Paper Hangings_ (Vol. ii., p. 134.).--"It was on the walls of this +drawing-room (the king's at Kensington Palace) that the then new art of +paper-hangings, in imitation of the old velvet flock, was displayed with +an effect that soon led to the adoption of so cheap and elegant a +manufacture, in preference to the original rich material from which it +was copied."--W.H. Pyne's _Royal Residences_, vol. ii. p. 75. + +M.W. + + +_Black-guard._--There are frequent entries among those of deaths of +persons attached to the Palace of Whitehall, in the registers of St. +Margaret's, Westminster, of "----, one of the blake garde." about the +year 1566, and later. In the Churchwarden's Accompts we find-- + + "1532. Pd. for licence of 4 torchis for Black Garde, vj. d." + +The royal Halberdiers carried black bills. (Grose, _Milit. Antiq._, vol. +i. p. 124.) In 1584 they behaved with great cruelty in Ireland. +(Cornp. Peck's _Des. Curios._, vol. i. p. 155.) So Stainhurst, in his +_Description_, says of bad men: "They are taken for no better than +rakehells, or the devil's blacke guarde."--Chap. 8. Perhaps, in +distinction to the gaily dressed military guard, the menial attendants +in a royal progress were called black-guards from their dull appearance. + +I remember a story current in Dublin, of a wicked wag telling a highly +respectable old lady, who was asking, where were the quarters of the +guards, in which corps her son was a private, to inquire at the lodge of +Trinity College if he was not within those learned walls, as the "black +guards were lying there." + +M.W. + + +_Pilgrims' Road_ (Vol. ii., p. 237.).--Your correspondent S.H., in +noticing the old track "skirting the base of the chalk hills," and known +by the name of the "Pilgrims' Road," has omitted to state that its +commencement is at Oxford,--a fact of importance, inasmuch as that the +Archbishops of Canterbury had there a handsome palace (the ruins of +which still exist), which is said to have been the favourite residence +of Thomas ‡ Becket. The tradition in the county thereupon is, that his +memory was held in such sanctity in that neighbourhood as to cause a +vast influx of pilgrims annually from thence to his shrine at +Canterbury; and the line of road taken by them can still be traced, +though only portions of it are now used as a highway. The direction, +however, in which it runs makes it clear (as S.H., no doubt, is aware) +that it cannot be Chaucer's road. + +While on the subject of old roads, I may add that a tradition here +exists that the direct road between London and Tunbridge did not pass +through Sevenoaks; and a narrow lane which crosses the Pilgrims' road +near Everham is pointed out as the former highway, and by which Evelyn +must have been journeying (passing close, indeed, to the seat of his +present descendant at St. Clere) when he met with that amusing +robber-adventure at Procession Oak. + +M(2). + + +_Pilgrims' Road to Canterbury._--In the _AthenÊum_ of Nov. 2nd, 1844, +there is a notice of _Remarks upon Wayside Chapels; with Observations on +the Architecture and present State of the Chantry on Wakefield Bridge_: +By John Chessell and Charles Buckler--in which the reviewer says-- + + "In our pedestrianism we have traced the now desolate ruins of + several of these chapels along the old pilgrims' road to + Canterbury." + +If this writer would give us the results of his pedestrianism, it would +be acceptable to _all_ the lovers of Chaucer. I do not know whether +PHILO-CHAUCER will find anything to his purpose in the pamphlet +reviewed. + +E.S. JACKSON. + + +_Combs buried with the Dead._--In Vol. ii., p. 230., the excellent vicar +of Morwenstow asks the reason why combs are found in the graves of St. +Cuthbert and others, monks, in the cathedral church of Durham. I imagine +that they were the combs used at the first tonsure of the novices, to +them a most interesting memorial of that solemn rite through life, and +from touching affection to the brotherhood among whom they had dwelt, +buried with them at their death. + +M.W. + + +_The Comb_, concerning "the origin and intent" of which MR. HAWKER (Vol. +ii., p. 230.) seeks information, was for ritual use; and its purposes +are fully described in Dr. Rock's _Church of our Fathers_, t. ii. p. +122., &c. + +LITURGICUS. + + +_AÎrostation._--C.B.M. will find in the _AthenÊum_ for August 10th, +1850, a notice of a book on this subject. + +E.S. JACKSON. + + +_St. Thomas of Lancaster_ (Vol. i., p. 181.).--MR. R.M. MILNES desires +information relative to "St. Thomas of Lancaster." This personage was +Earl of Leicester as well as Earl of Lancaster; and I find in the +archives of this borough numerous entries relative to him,--of payments +made to him by the burgesses. Of these mention is made in a _History of +Leicester_ recently published. The most curious fact I know of is, that +on the dissolution of the monasteries here, several relics of St. +Thomas, among others, his felt hat, was exhibited. The hat was +considered a great remedy for the headache! + +JAYTEE. + + +_Smoke Money_ (Vol. ii., p. 120.).--"Anciently, even in England, were +Whitsun farthings, or smoke farthings, which were a composition for +offerings made in Whitsun week, by every man who occupied a house with a +chimney, to the cathedral of the diocese in which he lived."--Audley's +_Companion to the Almanac_, p. 76. + +Pentecostals, or Whitsun Farthings, are mentioned by Pegge as being paid +in 1788 by the parishioners of the diocese of Lichfield, in aid of the +repairs of the cathedral, to the dean and chapter; but he makes no +allusion to the word _smoke_, adding only that in this case the payment +went by the name of Chad-pennies, or Chad-farthings, the cathedral there +being dedicated to St. Chad. + +C.I.R. + + +_Robert Herrick_ (Vol. i., p. 291.).--MR. MILNER BARRY states that he +found an entry of the burial of the poet Herrick in the parish books of +Dean Prior. As MR. BARRY seems interested in the poet, I would inform +him that a voluminous collection of family letters of early date is now +in the possession of William Herrick, Esq., of Beaumanor Park, the +present representative of that ancient and honourable house. + +JAYTEE. + + +_Guildhalls._--The question in Vol. i., p. 320., relative to guildhalls, +provokes an inquiry into guilds. In the erudite and instructive +work of Wilda on the _Guild System of the Middle Ages (Gildenwesen im +Mittel‰lter)_ will be found to be stated that guilds were associations +of various kinds,--convivial, religions, and mercantile, and so on; and +that places of assembly were adopted by them. A guild-house where eating +and drinking took place, was to be met with in most villages in early +times: and these, I fancy, were the guild-halls. On this head consult +Hone's _Every-day Book_, vol. ii. p. 670., and elsewhere, in connexion +with Whitsuntide holidays. + +JAYTEE. + + +_AbbÈ Strickland_ (Vol. ii., pp. 198. 237.).--The fullest account of the +AbbÈ Strickland, _Bishop of Namur_, is to be found in Lord Hervey's +_Memoirs_ (Vol. i., p. 391.), and a most curious account it is of that +profligate intriguer. + +C. + + +_Long Lonkin_ (Vol. ii., pp. 168. 251.).--This ballad does not relate to +Cumberland, but to Northumberland. This error was committed by Miss +Landon (in the _Drawing-room Scrap-book_ for 1835), to whom a lady of +this town communicated the fragment through the medium of a friend. Its +real locality is a ruined tower, seated on the corner of an extensive +earth-work surrounded by a moat, on the western side of Whittle Dean, +near Ovingham. Since this period, I have myself taken down many +additional verses from the recitation of the adjacent villagers, and +will be happy to afford any further information to your inquirer, +SELEUCUS. + +G. BOUCHIER RICHARDSON. +Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Sept. 7. 1850. + + +_Havock_ (Vol. ii., p. 215.).--The presumed object of literary men being +the investigation of truth, your correspondent JARLTZBERG will, I trust, +pardon me for suggesting that his illustration of the word _havock_ is +incomplete, and especially with reference to the line of Shakspeare +which he has quoted: + + "Cry havock! and let slip the dogs of war." + +Grose, in his _History of English Armour_, vol. ii. p. 62., says that +_havok_ was the word given as a signal for the troops to disperse and +pillage, as may be learned from the following article in the _Droits of +the Marshal_, vol. ii. p. 229., wherein it is declared, that-- + + "In the article of plunder, all the sheep and hogs belong to + such private soldiers as can take them; and that on the word + havok being cried, every one might seize his part; but this + probably was only a small part of the licence supposed to be + given by the word." + +He also refers to the ordinance of Richard II. + +In agreeing with your correspondent that the use of this word was the +signal for general massacre, unlimited slaughter, and giving no quarter, +as well as taking plunder in the manner described above, the omission of +which I have to complain is, that, in stating no one was to raise the +cry, under penalty of losing his head, he did not add the words, "the +king excepted." It was a royal act; and Shakspeare so understood it to +be; as will appear from the passage referred to, if fully and fairly +quoted:-- + + "And CÊsar's spirit, ranging for revenge, + With AtÈ by his side, come hot from hell, + Shall in these confines, _with a monarch's voice_, + Cry Havock! and let slip the dogs of war." + _Julius CÊsar_ Act iii. + +It is not at this moment in my power to assist F.W. with the reference +to the history of Bishop Berkeley's giant, though it exists somewhere in +print. The subject of the experiment was a healthy boy, who died in the +end, in consequence of over-growth, promoted (as far as my recollection +serves me) principally by a peculiar diet. + +W(1). + + +_Becket's Mother._--I do not pretend to explain the facts mentioned by +MR. FOSS (Vol. ii., p. 106.), that the hospital founded in honour of +Becket was called "The Hospital of St. Thomas the Martyr, _of Acon_;" +and that he was himself styled "St. Thomas _Acrenis_, or _of Acre_;" but +I believe that the true explanation must be one which would not be a +hindrance to the rejection of the common story as to the Archbishop's +birth. _If_ these titles were intended to connect the Saint with Acre in +Syria, they may have originated after the legend had become popular. But +it seems to me more likely, that, like some other city churches and +chapels, that of St. Thomas got its designation from something quite +unconnected with the history of the patron. In particular, I would ask +what is the meaning of "St. Nicolas _Acons_?" And may not the same +explanation (whatever it be) serve for "St. Thomas _of Acon_?" Or the +hospital may have been built on some noted "acre" (like _Long Acre_ and +_Pedlars Acre_); and if afterwards churches in other places were +consecrated to St. Thomas under the designation "_of Acre_," (as to +which point I have no information), the churches of "our Lady _of +Loretto_," scattered over various countries, will supply a parallel. As +to the inference which Mr. Nichols (_Pilgrimages_, p. 120.) draws from +the name _Acrensis_, that Becket was _born at_ Acre, I must observe that +it introduces a theory which is altogether new, and not only opposed to +the opinion that the Archbishop was of English or Norman descent on both +sides, but _essentially_ contradictory of the legend as to the fair +Saracen who came from the East in search of her lover. + +J.C.R. + + +_Watching the Sepulchre_ (Vol. i., pp. 318. 354. 403.).--In the parish +books of Leicester various entries respecting the Sepulchre occur. In +the year 1546, when a sale took place of the furniture of St. Martin's +Church, the "Sepulchre light" was sold to Richard Rainford for +21s. 10d. In the reign of Queen Mary gatherings were made for the +"Sepulchre lights;" timber for making the lights cost 5s.; the light +itself, 4s.; and painting the Sepulchre, and a cloth for "our lady's +altar," cost 1s. 10d. Facts like these might be multiplied. + +JAYTEE. + + +_Portraits of Charles I. in Churches_ (Vol. i., pp. 137. 184.).--In +reference to this I have to state, that in the south aisle of the church +of St. Martin, in Leicester, a painting of this kind is yet to be seen, +or was lately. It was executed by a Mr. Rowley, for 10l., in the year +1686. It represents the monarch in a kneeling attitude. + +JAYTEE. + + +_Joachim, the French Ambassador_ (Vol. ii., p. 229.).--In Rapin's +_History of England_ I find this ambassador described as "Jean-Joachim +de Passau, Lord of Vaux." This may assist AMICUS. + +J.B.C. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +The Rev. Mackenzie Walcott, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford, whose +pleasant gossiping _Memorials of Westminster_, and _History of St. +Margaret's Church_, are no doubt familiar to many of our readers, is, as +an old Wykehamist, collecting information for a "History of Commoners +and the Two S. Marie Winton Colleges;" and will feel obliged by lists of +illustrious alumni, and any notes, archÊological and historical, about +that noble school, which will be duly acknowledged. + +The _Cambrian ArchÊological Association_, which was established in 1846 +for the purpose of promoting the study and preservation of the +antiquities of Wales and the Marches, held its fourth anniversary +meeting in the ancient and picturesque town of Dolgelly, during the week +commencing the 26th ultimo. The Association is endeavouring to extend +its usefulness by enlarging the number of its members; and as its +subscribing members receive in return for their yearly pound, not only +the Society's Journal, the _ArchÊologia Cambrensis_ but also the annual +volume of valuable archÊological matter published by the Association, we +cannot doubt but their exertions will meet the sympathy and patronage of +all who take an interest in the national and historical remains of the +principality. + +The preceding paragraph was scarcely finished when we received proof of +the utility of the Association in Mr. Freeman's volume, entitled +_Remarks on the Architecture of Llandaff Cathedral, with an Essay +towards a History of the Fabric_--a volume which, as we learn from the +preface, had its origin in the observations on some of the more singular +peculiarities of the fabric made by the author at the Cardiff meeting of +the Association in 1849. These remarks were further developed in a paper +in the _ArchÊologia Cambrensis_; and have now been expanded into the +present descriptive and historical account of a building which, to use +Mr. Freeman's words, "in many respects, both of its history and +architecture, stands quite alone among English churches." Mr. Freeman's +ability to do justice to such a subject is well known: and his work will +therefore assuredly find a welcome from the numerous body of students of +church architecture now to be found in this country; and to their +judgments we leave it. + +_Notes on Bishop Jeremy Taylor's Works._ A reprint being called for of +vol. vi. of the present edition of Bishop Taylor's works, the Editor +will be glad of any assistance towards verifying the references which +have been omitted. The volume is to go to press early in October. + +Messrs. Puttick and Simpson will commence on Monday next a six days' +sale of valuable books in all classes of literature; oriental, and other +manuscripts; autograph letters; engravings, miniatures, paintings, &c. + +Messrs. Southgate and Barrett will sell on Tuesday next some fine +portraits and engravings; together with a very interesting and extensive +collection of nearly 200 original proclamations (extending from 1631 to +1695), two books printed by Pynson, unknown to bibliographers (viz. +_Aphthonii SophistÊ PrÊxercitamenta_ and _Ciceronis Orationes +PhilippicÊ_ and a few valuable MSS). + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +ESSAYS, SCRIPTURAL, MORAL, AND LOGICAL, by W. and T. Ludlam. 2 vols. +8vo. London, 1807. + +ELDERFIELD (C.), DISQUISITIONS ON REGENERATION, BAPTISM, &c., 4to. +London, 1653. + +DODWELL (HENRY, M.A.), DISCOURSE PROVING FROM SCRIPTURES THAT THE SOUL +IS A PRINCIPLE NATURALLY MORTAL, &c. + +THE TALE OF A TUB REVERSED, for the universal Improvement of Mankind, +with a character of the Author. + +REFLECTIONS ON MR. BURCHET'S MEMOIRS, or, Remarks on his Account of +Captain Wilmot's Expedition to the West Indies, by Col. Luke +Lillingston. 1704. [Two copies wanted.] + +SEVEN CHAMPIONS OF CHRISTENDUM. [Any Edition before 1700.] + +CHAUCER'S CANTERBURY TALES AND OTHER POEMS, 2 vols. 12mo. [Cumberland's +Edition.] + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Notices to Correspondents. + +VOLUME THE FIRST OF NOTES AND QUERIES, _with Title-page and very copious +Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and may be had, by +order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured by the Trade at noon on Friday: so +that our country Subscribers ought to experience no difficulty in +receiving it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers are probably not +yet aware of this arrangement, which enables them to receive Copies in +their Saturday parcels._ + +W.A. _will find an article on_ "The Owl was once a Baker's Daughter," +_quoted by Shakspeare, in one of_ MR. THOMS' _Papers on the_ FOLK LORE +OF SHAKSPEARE, _published in the_ AthenÊum October and November 1847. + + * * * * * + +JUNIUS IDENTIFIED. + +In One Volume 8vo., price 6s., bds., (published in 1818 at 14s.). JUNIUS +IDENTIFIED with SIR PHILIP FRANCIS. By JOHN TAYLOR. Second Edition, with +the Appendix, containing the Plates of Handwriting. + +London: TAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, 28. Upper Gower-street; and 27. Ivy +Lane, Paternoster Row. + + * * * * * + +AMERICA AND IRELAND.--MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, Number XI. for 1850, +contains many curious and interesting books on the above Countries with +the usual valuable Miscellanies in all departments, Published this day, +GRATIS. + +The following Books may also be had of him:-- + +BALLAD ROMANCES, by R. H. HORNE, Esq., author of "Orion." +&c.--Containing the Noble Heart, a Bohemian Legend--The Monk of +Swinstead Abbey, a Ballad Chronicle of the Death of King John--The Three +Knights of Camelott, a Fairy Tale--The Ballad of Delora, or the Passion +of Andrea Como--Red Gelert, a Welsh Legend--Ben Capstan, A Ballad of the +Night Watch--The Elf of the Woodlands, a Child's Story, fcap. 8vo, +elegantly printed and bound in cloth, 248 pages, only 2s. 6d. + +CRITICISMS AND ESSAYS On the Writings of Atherstone, Blair, Bowles, Sir +E. Brydges, Carlyle, Carrington, Coleridge, Cowper, Croly, Gillfillian, +Graham, Hazlitt, Heber, Heraud, Harvey, Irving, Keats, Miller, Pollock, +Tighe, Wordsworth, and other Modern Writers, by the Rev. J.W. LESTER, +B.A., royal 8vo., 100 pages of closely printed letterpress, originally +published at 5s., reduced to 1s. 3d. 1848. + +"We give our cordial subscription to the general scope and tenor of his +views, which are in the main promulgated with a perspicuity and +eloquence not always found in the same individual."--_Church of England +Quarterly Review._ + +"Mr. Lester's volume is one of superior merit, and deserves a high rank +among works of its class."--_Tail's Edinburgh Review._ + +"He is the pioneer of the beautiful."--_Manchester Examiner._ + +FALLACY OF GHOSTS, DREAMS, AND OMENS, with Stories of Witchcraft, Life +in Death, and Monomania, by CHARLES OLLIER, 12mo., cloth. gilt, with +Illustrations by G. Measom, 250 pages of amusing letterpress, only 2s. + +JOHN MILLER, 43. 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MASON. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, price 5s., in post 8vo., cloth lettered; if sent by +Post. 6s. + +THE POPE; Considered in his RELATIONS WITH THE CHURCH, TEMPORAL +SOVEREIGNTIES, SEPARATED CHURCHES, and the CAUSE OF CIVILISATION. By +COUNT JOSEPH DE MAISTRE. Translated by the Rev. AENEAS MC D. DAWSON. +Embellished with a Portrait of His Holiness Pope Pius IX. + +London: C. DOLMAN, 61. New Bond-street; and 48A. Paternoster Row. + + * * * * * + +THE PARLOUR LIBRARY, One Shilling each Volume. + +The Publishers beg to state that all G.P.R. JAMES's works lately out of +print are again reprinted, and may be had of every bookseller and at all +the railway stations. Works by the following popular authors have also +been published in the "Parlour Library:"-- + +A. Lamartine +G.P.R. James +Washington Irving +Miss Mitford +Author of "Emilia Wyndham" +Miss Austen +William Carleton +Gerald Griffin +Mary Howitt +T.C. Grattan +Mrs. S.C. 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Clark, Esq., Fellows of +Trinity College, Cambridge, and many other distinguished Scholars from +both Universities. + +The Work is edited by three of the principal Contributors. + +"Highly creditable to the Scholarship of Shrewsbury, and indeed of +England, and we wish it heartily success."--_Guardian._ + +RULES FOR OVIDIAN VERSE, with some Hints on the Transition to the +Virgilian Hexameter, and an Introductory Preface. Edited by JAMES TATE, +A.M., Master of the Grammar School, Richmond. 8vo. sewed, 1s. 6d. + +FIRST STEPS TO LATIN VERSIFICATION, being an Analysis of the Scansion +and Structure of the Ovidian Verse. Price 6d. on sheet; folded in cloth, +1s. + +Just Published, fcp. 8vo., price 4s. 6d., cloth, + +CICERONIS CATO MAJOR, sive de Senectute, Laelius, site de Amicitia. et +EpistolÊ SelectÊ; with English Notes and an Index. By GEORGE LONG. 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