diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | .gitattributes | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 13936-0.txt | 1996 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 13936-h/13936-h.htm | 1993 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | LICENSE.txt | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | README.md | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/13936-0.txt | 2388 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/13936-0.zip | bin | 0 -> 45026 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/13936-h.zip | bin | 0 -> 47153 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/13936-h/13936-h.htm | 2402 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/old/13936-8.txt | 2387 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/old/13936.txt | 2387 |
11 files changed, 13569 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/13936-0.txt b/13936-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8fb6367 --- /dev/null +++ b/13936-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1996 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13936 *** + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 47.] +SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1850 +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + + * * * * * + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- + Old Songs. 257 + "Junius Identified." by J. Taylor. 258 + Folk Lore:--Spiders a Cure for Ague--Funeral Superstition--Folk + Lore Rhymes. 259 + On a Passage in the Tempest, by S.W. Singer. 259 + Punishment of Death of Burning. 260 + Note on Morganatic Marriages. 261 + Minor Notes:--Alderman Beckford--Frozen Horn--Inscription + translated--Parallel Passages--Note on George Herbert's Poems--"Crede + quod habes"--Grant to Earl of Sussex--First Woman formed from a + Rib--Beau Brummell's Ancestry. 262 + +QUERIES:-- + Gray's Elegy and Dodsley's Poems. 264 + Hugh Holland and his Works, by E.F. Rimbault, L.L.D. 265 + Harvey and the Circulation of the Blood. 266 + Minor Queries:--Bernardus Patricius--Meaning of + Hanger--Cat and Bagpipes--Andrew Becket--Laurence + Minot--Modena Family--Bamboozle--Butcher's + Blue Dress--Hatchment and Atchievement--"Te + colui Virtutem"--"Illa suavissima Vita"--Christianity, + Early Influence of--Meaning of Wraxen--Saint, + Legend of a--Land Holland--Farewell--Stepony + Ale--"Regis ad Exemplar"--La Caronacquerie--Rev. + T. Tailer--Mistletoe as a Christmas + Evergreen--Poor Robin's Almanacks--Sirloin--Thompson + of Esholt. 266 + +REPLIES:-- + Replies to Minor Queries:--Pension--Execution of + Charles I.--Paper Hangings--Black-guard--Pilgrims' + Road--Combs buried with the Dead--AÎrostation--St. + Thomas of Lancaster--Smoke Money--Robert Herrich--Guildhalls--AbbÈ + Strickland--Long Conkin--Havock--Becket's Mother--Watching + the Sepulchre--Portraits of Charles I.--Joachim, + the French Ambassador. 269 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 271 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 271 + Notices to Correspondents. 271 + Advertisements. 272 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +OLD SONGS. + +I heard, "in other days," a father singing a comic old song to one of +his children, who was sitting on his knee. This was in Yorkshire: and +yet it could hardly be a Yorkshire song, as the scene was laid in +another county. It commenced with-- + + "Randle O'Shay has sold his mare + For nineteen groats at Warrin'ton fair," + +and goes on to show how the simpleton was cheated out of his money. + +I find in Hasted's _History of Kent_ (vol. i. p. 468., 2nd edit.) +mention made of the family of Shaw, who held the manor of Eltham, &c., +and who "derive themselves from the county palatine of Chester." It is +further stated that _Randal de Shaw_, his son, was settled at Haslington +Hall in that county. + +All, indeed, that this proves is, the probability of the hero of the +song being also a native of Cheshire, or one of the adjacent counties; +and that the legend is a truth, even as to names as well as general +facts. The song is worthy of recovery and preservation, as a remnant of +English character and manners; and I have only referred to Hasted to +point out the probable district in which it will be found. + +There are many other characteristics of the manners of the humbler +classes to be found in songs that had great local popularity within the +period of living memory; for instance, the _Wednesbury Cocking_ amongst +the colliers of Staffordshire and _Rotherham Status_ amongst the cutlers +of Sheffield. Their language, it is true, is not always very +delicate--perhaps was not even at the time these songs were +composed,--as they picture rather the exuberant freaks of a +half-civilised people than the better phases of their character. Yet +even these form "part and parcel" of the history of "the true-born +Englishman." + +One song more may be noticed here:--the rigmarole, snatches of which +probably most of us have heard, which contains an immense number of mere +truisms having no connexion with each others, and no bond of union but +the metrical form in which their juxtaposition is effected, and the +rhyme, which is kept up very well throughout, though sometimes by the +introduction of a nonsense line. Who does not remember-- + + "A yard of pudding's not an ell," + +or + + "Not forgetting _dytherum di_, + A tailor's goose can never fly," + +and other like parts? + +It is just such a piece of burlesque as Swift might have written: but +many circumstances lead me to think it must be much older. Has it ever +been printed? + +There is another old (indeed an evidently very ancient) song, which I do +not remember to have seen in print, or even referred to in print. None +of the books into which I have looked, from deeming them likely to +contain it, make the least reference to this song. I have heard it in +one of the midland counties, and in one of the western, both many years +ago; but I have not heard it in London or any of the metropolitan +districts. The song begins thus:-- + + "London Bridge is broken down, + Dance over my Lady Lea: + London Bridge is broken down, + With a gay ladÈe." + +This must surely refer to some event preserved in history,--may indeed +be well known to well-read antiquaries, though so totally unknown to men +whose general pursuits (like my own) have lain in other directions. The +present, however, is an age for "popularising" knowledge; and your work +has assumed that task as one of its functions. + +The difficulties attending such inquiries as arise out of matters so +trivial as an old ballad, are curiously illustrated by the answers +already printed respecting the "wooing frog." In the first place, it was +attributed to times within living memory; then shown to exceed that +period, and supposed to be very old,--even as old as the Commonwealth, +or, perhaps, as the Reformation. This is objected to, from "the style +and wording of the song being evidently of a much later period than the +age of Henry VIII.;" and Buckingham's "mad" scheme of taking Charles +into Spain to woo the infanta is substituted. This is enforced by the +"burden of the song;" whilst another correspondent considers this +"chorus" to be an old one, analogous to "Down derry down:"--that is, M. +denies the force of MR. MAHONY's explanation altogether! + +(Why MR. MAHONY calls a person in his "sixth decade" a "sexagenarian" he +best knows. Such is certainly not the ordinary meaning of the term he +uses. His pun is good, however.) + +Then comes the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT, with a very decisive proof that +neither in the time of James I., nor of the Commonwealth, could it have +originated. His transcript from Mr. Collier's _Extracts_ carries it +undeniably back to the middle of the reign of Elizabeth. Of course, it +is interesting to find intermediate versions or variations of the +ballad, and even the adaptation of its framework to other ballads of +recent times, such as "Heigho! says Kemble,"--one of the Drury Lane +"O.P. Row" ballads (_Rejected Addresses_, last ed., or Cunningham's +_London_). Why the conjecture respecting Henry VIII. is so +contemptuously thrown aside as a "fancy," I do not see. A _fancy_ is a +dogma taken up without proof, and in the teeth of obvious +probability,--tenaciously adhered to, and all investigation eschewed. +This at least is the ordinary signification of the term, in relation to +the search after truth. How far my own conjecture, or the mode of +putting it, fulfills these conditions, it is not necessary for me to +discuss: but I hope the usefulness and interest of the "NOTES AND +QUERIES" will not be marred by any discourtesy of one correspondent +towards another. + +At the same time, the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT has done the most essential +service to this inquiry by his extract from Mr. Collier, as the question +is thereby inclosed within exceedingly narrow limits. But if the ballad +do not refer to Henry VIII., to whom can it be referred with greater +probability? It is too much to assume that all the poetry, wit, and +talent of the Tudor times were confined to the partizans of the Tudor +cause, religious or political. We _know_, indeed, the contrary. But for +his communication, too, the singular coincidence of two such +characteristic words of the song in the "Poley Frog" (in the same number +of the "NOTES AND QUERIES") might have given rise to another conjecture: +but the _date_ excludes its further consideration. + +I may add, that since this has been mooted, an Irish gentleman has told +me that the song was familiar enough in Dublin; and he repeated some +stanzas of it, which were considerably different from the version of +W.A.G., and the chorus the same as in the common English version. I hope +presently to receive a complete copy of it: which, by the bye, like +everything grotesquely humorous in Ireland, was attributed to the author +of _Gulliver's Travels_. + +T.S.D. + + * * * * * + +"JUNIUS IDENTIFIED." + +It is fortunate for my reputation that I am still living to vindicate my +title to the authorship of my own book, which seems otherwise in danger +of being taken from me. + +I can assure your correspondent R.J. (Vol. ii., p. 103.) that I was not +only "literally _the writer_," (as he kindly suggests, with a view of +saving my credit for having put my name to the book), but in its fullest +sense _the author of "Junius Identified"_; and that I never received the +slightest assistance from Mr. Dubois, or any other person, either in +collecting or arranging the evidence, or in the composition and +correction of the work. After I had completed my undertaking, I wrote to +Mr. Dubois to ask if he would allow me to see the handwriting of Sir +Philip Francis, that I might compare it with the published +fac-similes of the handwriting of Junius; but he refused my request. His +letter alone disproved the notion entertained by R.J. and others, that +Mr. Dubois was in any degree connected with me, or with the authorship +of the work in question. + +With regard to the testimony of Lord Campbell, I wrote to his lordship +in February, 1848, requesting his acceptance of a copy of _Junius +Identified_, which I thought he might not have seen; and having called +his attention to my name at the end of the preface, I begged he would, +when opportunity offered, correct his error in having attributed the +work to Mr. Dubois. I was satisfied with his lordship's reply, which was +to the effect that he was ashamed of his mistake, and would take care to +correct it. No new edition of that series of the _Lives of the +Chancellors_, which contains the "Life of Lord Loughborough," has since +been published. The present edition is dated 1847. + +R.J. says further, that "the late Mr. George Woodfall always spoke of +the _pamphlet_ as the work of Dubois;" and that Sir Fortunatus Dwarris +states, "the _pamphlet_ is said, I know not with what truth, to have +been prepared under the eye of Sir Philip Francis, it may be through the +agency of Dubois." If _Junius Identified_ be alluded to in these +observations as a _pamphlet_, it would make me doubt whether R.J., or +either of his authorities, ever saw the book. It is an 8vo. vol. The +first edition, containing 380 pages, was published in 1816, at 12s. The +second edition, which included the supplement, exceeded 400 pages, and +was published in 1818, at 14s. The supplement, which contains the plates +of handwriting, was sold separately at 3s. 6d., to complete the first +edition, but this could not have been the pamphlet alluded to in the +preceding extracts. I suspect that when the work is spoken of as a +pamphlet, and this if often done, the parties thus describing it have +known it only through the medium of the critique in the _Edinburgh +Review_. + +Mr. Dubois was the author of the biography of Sir Philip Francis, first +printed in the _Monthly Mirror_ for May and June, 1810, and reprinted in +_Junius Identified_, with acknowledgment of the source from which it was +taken. To this biography the remarks of Sir Fortunatus Dwarris are +strictly applicable, except that it never appeared in the form of a +pamphlet. + +JOHN TAYLOR. + +30. Upper Gower Street, Sept. 7. 1850. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Spiders a Cure for Ague_ (Vol. ii., p. 130.).--Seeing a note on this +subject reminds me that a few years since, a lady in the south of +Ireland was celebrated far and near, amongst her poorer neighbours, for +the cure of this disorder. Her universal remedy was a large house-spider +alive, and enveloped in treacle or preserve. Of course the parties were +carefully kept in ignorance of what the wonderful remedy was. + +Whilst I am on the subject of cures, I may as well state that in parts +of the co. Carlow, the blood drawn from a black cat's ear, and rubbed +upon the part affected, is esteemed a certain cure for St. Anthony's +fire. + +JUNIOR. + + +_Funeral Superstition._--A few days ago the body of a gentleman in this +neighbourhood was conveyed to the hearse, and while being placed in it, +the door of the house, whether from design or inadvertence I know not, +was closed before the friends came out to take their places in the +coaches. An old lady, who was watching the proceedings, immediately +exclaimed, "God bless me! they have closed the door upon the corpse: +there will be another death in that house before many days are over." +She was fully impressed with this belief, and unhappily this impression +has been confirmed. The funeral was on Saturday, and on the Monday +morning following a young man, resident in the house, was found dead in +bed, having died under the influence of chloroform, which he had +inhaled, self-administered, to relieve the pain of toothache or +tic-douloureux. + +Perhaps the superstition may have come before you already; but not +having met with it myself, I thought it might be equally new to others. + +H.J. + +Sheffield. + + * * * * * + +_Folk Lore Rhymes._-- + + "Find odd-leafed ash, and even-leafed clover, + And you'll see your true love before the day's over." + +If you wish to see your lover, throw salt on the fire every morning for +nine days, and say-- + + "It is not salt I mean to burn, + But my true lover's heart I mean to turn; + Wishing him neither joy nor sleep, + Till he come back to me and speak." + + "If you marry in Lent, + You will live to repent." + +WEDSECNARF. + + * * * * * + +EMENDATION OF A PASSAGE IN THE "TEMPEST." + +Premising that I should approach the text of our great poet with an +almost equal degree of awful reverence with that which characterises his +two latest editors, I must confess that I should not have the same +respect for evident errors of the printers of the early editions, which +they have occasionally shown. In the following passage in the _Tempest_, +Act i., Scene 1., this forbearance has not, however, been the cause of +the very unsatisfactory state in which they have both left it. I +must be indulged in citing at length, that the context may the more +clearly show what was really the poet's meaning:-- + + "Enter FERDINAND _bearing a Log_. + + "_Fer._ There be some sports are painful; and their labour + Delight in them sets off; some kinds of baseness + Are nobly undergone; and most poor matters + Point to rich ends. This my mean task + Would be as heavy to me, as odious; but + The mistress, which I serve, quickens what's dead, + And makes my labours pleasures: O! she is + Ten times more gentle than her father's crabbed; + And he's composed of harshness. I must remove + Some thousands of these logs, and pile them up, + Upon a sore injunction: My sweet mistress + Weeps when she sees me work; and says such business + Had never like executor. I forget: + But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours; + Most busy lest when I do it." + +Mr. Collier reads these last two lines thus-- + + "But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours; + Most busy, least when I do it." + +with the following note-- + + "The meaning of this passage seems to have been misunderstood by + all the commentators. Ferdinand says that the thoughts of + Miranda so refresh his labours, that when he is most busy he + seems to feel his toil _least_. It is printed in the folio + 1623,-- + + 'Most busy _lest_ when I do it,' + + --a trifling error of the press corrected in the folio 1632, + although Theobald tells us that both the oldest editions read + _lest_. Not catching the poet's meaning, he printed,-- + + 'Most busy-_less_ when I do it,' + + and his supposed emendation has ever since been taken as the + text; even Capell adopted it. I am happy in having Mr. Amyot's + concurrence in this restoration." + +Mr. Knight adopts Theobald's reading, and Mr. Dyce approves it in the +following words:-- + + "When Theobald made the emendation, 'Most busy-_less_,' he + observed that 'the corruption was so very little removed from + the truth of the text, that he could not afford to think well of + his own sagacity for having discovered it.' The correction is, + indeed, so obvious that we may well wonder that it had escaped + his predecessors; but we must wonder ten times more that one of + his successors, in a blind reverence for the old copy, should + re-vitiate the text, and defend a corruption which outrages + language, taste, and common sense." + +Although at an earlier period of life I too adopted Theobald's supposed +emendation, it never satisfied me. I have my doubts whether the word +_busyless_ existed in the poet's time; and if it did, whether he could +possibly have used it here. Now it is clear that _labours_ is a misprint +for _labour_; else, to what does "when I do _it_" refer? _Busy lest_ is +only a typographical error for _busyest_: the double superlative was +commonly used, being considered as more emphatic, by the poet and his +contemporaries. + +Thus in Hamlet's letter, Act ii. Sc. 2.: + + "I love thee best, O _most best_." + +and in _King Lear_, Act ii. Sc. 3.: + + "To take the basest and _most poorest_ shape." + +The passage will then stand thus:-- + + "But these sweet thoughts, do even refresh my labour, + Most busiest when I do it." + +The sense will be perhaps more evident by a mere transposition, +preserving every word: + + "But these sweet thoughts, most busiest when I do + My labour, do even refresh it." + +Here we have a clear sense, devoid of all ambiguity, and confirmed by +what precedes; that his labours are made pleasures, being beguiled by +these sweet thoughts of his mistress, which are busiest when he labours, +because it excites in his mind the memory of her "weeping to see him +work." The correction has also the recommendation of being effected in +so simple a manner as by merely taking away two superfluous letters. I +trust I need say no more; secure of the approbation of those who (to use +the words of an esteemed friend on another occasion) feel "that making +an opaque spot in a great work transparent is not a labour to be +scorned, and that there is a pleasant sympathy between the critic and +bard--dead though he be--on such occasions, which is an ample reward." + +S.W. SINGER + +Mickleham, Aug 30. 1850. + + * * * * * + +PUNISHMENT OF DEATH BY BURNING. + +(Vol. ii., pp. 6. 50. 90. 165.) + +In the "NOTES AND QUERIES" of Saturday, the 10th of August, SENEX gives +some account of the burning of a female in the Old Bailey, "about the +year 1788." + +Having myself been present at the last execution of a female in London, +where the body was burnt (being probably that to which SENEX refers), +and as few persons who were then present may now be alive, I beg to +mention some circumstances relative to that execution, which appear to +be worthy of notice. + +Our criminal law was then most severe and cruel: the legal punishment of +females convicted of high treason and petty treason was burning; coining +was held to be high treason; and murder of a husband was petty treason. + +I see it stated in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, that on the 13th of +March, 1789,-- + + "The Recorder of London made his report to His Majesty of the + prisoners under sentence of death in Newgate, convicted in the + Sessions of September, October, November, and January (forty-six + in number), fourteen of whom were ordered for execution; + five of whom were afterwards reprieved." + +The recorder's report in regard to these unfortunate persons had been +delayed during the incapacity of the king; thus the report for four +sessions had been made at once. To have decided at one sitting of +council upon such a number of cases, must have almost been enough to +overset the strongest mind. Fortunately, these reports are now +abolished. + +In the same number of the _Gentleman's Magazine_, under date the 18th of +March, there is this statement,-- + + "The nine following malefactors were executed before the + Debtors' Door at Newgate pursuant to their sentence, viz., Hugh + Murphy and Christian Murphy _alias_ Bowman, Jane Grace, and + Joseph Walker, for coining. [Four for burglary, and one for + highway robbery.] They were brought upon the scaffold, about + half an hour after seven, and _turned off_ about a quarter past + eight. The woman for coining was brought out after the rest were + turned off, and fixed to a stake and burnt; being first + strangled by the stool being taken from under her." + +This is the execution at which I was present; the number of those who +suffered, and the burning of the female, attracted a very great crowd. +Eight of the malefactors suffered on the scaffold, then known as "the +new drop." After they were suspended, the woman, in a white dress, was +brought out of Newgate alone; and after some time spent in devotion, was +hung on the projecting arm of a low gibbet, fixed at a little distance +from the scaffold. After the lapse of a sufficient time to extinguish +life, faggots were piled around her, and over her head, so that her +person was completely covered: fire was then set to the pile, and the +woman was consumed to ashes. + +In the following year, 1790, I heard sentence passed in the Criminal +Court, in the Old Bailey, upon other persons convicted of coining: one +of them was a female. The sentence upon her was, that she should be +"drawn to the place of execution, and there burnt with fire till she was +dead." + +The case of this unfortunate woman, and the cruel state of the law in +regard to females, then attracted attention. On the 10th of May, 1790, +Sir Benjamin Hammett, in his place in the House of Commons, called the +attention of that House to the then state of the law. He mentioned that +it had been his official duty to attend on the melancholy occasion of +the burning of the female in the preceding year (it is understood he was +then one of the sheriffs of London), he moved for leave to bring in a +bill to alter the law, which he characterised as-- + + "One of the savage remains of Norman policy, disgracing our + statute book, as the practice did the common law." + +He noticed that the sheriff who did not execute the sentence of burning +alive was liable to a prosecution; but he thanked Heaven there was not a +man in England who would carry such a sentence into effect. He obtained +leave to bring in a bill for altering this cruel law; and in that +session the Act 30 G. III. c. 48. was passed-- + + "For discontinuing the judgment which has been required by law + to be given against women convicted of certain crimes, and + substituting another judgment in lieu thereof." + +A debt of gratitude is due to the memory of Sir Benjamin Hammett, for +his exertions, at that period, in the cause of humanity. Thank God, we +now live in times when the law is less cruel, and more chary of human +life. + +OCTOGENARIUS. + + * * * * * + +A NOTE ON MORGANATIC MARRIAGES. + +Grimm (_Deutsche Rechts Alterthumer_, vol. ii., p. 417.), after a long +dissertation, in which it appears that the money paid by the bridegroom +to the wife's relations (I believe subsequently also to the wife +herself) had every form of a _purchase_, possibly derived also from some +_symbolic_ customs common to all northern tribes, offers the following +as the origin of this word "morganatic:"-- + + "Es gab aber im Alterthum noch einen erlaubten Ausweg f¸r die + Verbindung vorneluner Männer mit geringen (freien und selbst + unfreien) Frauen, den _Concubinat_, der ohne feierliches + Verlˆbniss, ohne _Brautgabe_ und _Mitgift_ eingegangen wurde, + mithin _keine wahre und volle Ehe_, dennoch ein rechtmässiges + Verhältniss war. + + "Da jedoch die Kirche ein solches Verhältniss missbilligte durch + keine Einsegnung weihte, so wurde es allmählich unerlaubt und + verboten als Ausnahme aber bis auf die neueste Zeit f¸r F¸rsten + zugelassen--ja durch Trauung an die linke Hand gefeiert. Die + Benennung Morganatische Ehe,--Matrimonium ad Morganaticam (11. + Feud. 29.), r¸hrt daher, dass _den Concubinen_ eine _Morgangabe_ + (woraus im Mittelalter die Lombarden '_Morganatica_' + machten)--bewilligt zu werden pflegte--_es waren Ehen auf blosse + Morgengabe_. Den Beweis liefern Urkunden, die Morganatica f¸r + Morgengabe auch in Fallen gebrauchen wo von wahrer Ehe die Rede + ist." (See Heinecius, _Antiq_. 3. 157, 158.) + +The case now stands thus: + +It was the custom to give money to the wife's relations on the +marriage-day. + +It was not the custom with respect to unequal marriage (Misheirath): +this took place "ohne Brautgabe und Mitgift," which was also of later +origin. + +The exception made by the Church for _princes_, restored the woman so +far, that the marriage was legally and morally recognised by the Lombard +law and the Church, with exceptions as regards _issue_, and that the +left hand was given for the _right_. + +With regard to this latter, it would be desirable to trace whether +giving of the hand had any _symbolic_ meaning. I think the +astrologists consider the right as the nobler part of the body; if so, +giving of _the left_ in this case is not without symbolic significance. +It must be remembered how much symbolism prevailed among the tribes +which swept Europe on the fall of the Roman empire, and their Eastern +origin. + +The Morgengabe, according to Cancianus (_Leges Barbarorum_, tom. iv. p. +24.), was at first a _free gift_ made by the husband after the first +marriage night. This was carried to such excess, that Liutprand ordained + + "Tamen ipsum Morgengabe volumus, ut non sit amplius nisi quarta + pars ejus substantia, qui ipsum Morgengabe dedit." + +This became subsequently converted into a _right_ termed _justitia_. + +Upon this extract from a charter,-- + + "Manifesta causa est mihi, quoniam die ilio quando te sposavi, + promiseram tibi dare _justitiam_ tuam secundum _legem meam_ [qr. + _my Lombard_ law in opposition to the Roman, which he had a + right to choose,] in Morgencap, id est, quartam portionem omnium + rerum mobilium et immobilium," &c. + +Cancianus thus comments:-- + + "Animadverte, quam recte charta hÊc cum supra alligatis formulis + conveniat. Sponsus promiserat Morgencap, quando feminam + desponsaverat, inde vero ante conjugium chartam conscribit: et + quod et Liutprandi lege, et ex antiquis moribus _Donum_ fuit + mere gratuitum, hic appellatur _Justitia_ secundum legem + Langobardorum." + +The Morgencap here assumes, I apprehend, somewhat the form of _dower_. +That it was so, is very doubtful. (Grimm, vol. ii. p. 441. +"Morgengabe.") + + "An demselben Morgen empf‰ngt die JungFrau von ihrem Gemahl ein + ansehnliches Geschenk, welches Morgengabe heisst. Schon in der + Pactio Guntherammi et Childeberti, werden Dos und Morganagiba + _unterschieden_, ebenso _Leg. Rip._ 37. 2. _Alaman_. 56. 1, 2. + Dos und Morgangeba; _Lex Burgend._ 42. 2. Morgangeba und das + 'pretium nuptiale;' bei den Langobarden, 'Meta und Morgengab.'" + +I do not say this answers the question of your correspondent G., which +is, what is the _derivation_ of the word? + +Its actual signification, I think, means left-handed; but to think is +not to resolve, and the question is open to the charitable contributions +of your learned and able supporters. + +As regards the Fairy Morgana, who was married to a mortal, I confess, +with your kind permission, I had rather not accept her as a satisfactory +reply. It is as though you would accept "once upon a time" as a +chronological date! She was _married_ to a mortal--true; but +_morganatically_, I doubt it. If morganatic came from this, it should +appear the _Fairy Morgana_ was the _first lady_ who so underwent the +ceremony. Do not forget Lurline, who married also a mortal, of whom the +poet so prettily sings: + + "Lurline hung her head, + Turned pale, and then red; + And declared his abruptness in popping the question + So soon after dinner had spoilt her digestion." + +This lady's marriage resembled the other in all respects, and I leave +you to decide, and no man is more competent, from your extensive +knowledge of the mythology of Medieval Europe, whether Morgana, beyond +the mere accident of her name, was more likely than Lurline to have +added a word with a puzzling etymology to the languages of Europe. The +word will, I think, be found of Eastern origin, clothed in a Teutonic +form. + +After all, Jacob Grimm and Cancianus may interest your readers, and so I +send the Note. + +S.H. + +AthenÊum, Sept. 6. 1850 + + * * * * * + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Alderman Beckford._--Gifford (_Ben Jonson_, vol. vi. p. 481.) has the +following note:-- + + "The giants of Guildhall, thank heaven, yet defend their charge: + it only remains to wish that the citizens may take example by + the fate of Holmeby, and not expose them to an attack to which + they will assuredly be found unequal. It is not altogether owing + to their wisdom that this has not already taken place. For + twenty years they were chained to the car of a profligate + buffoon, who dragged them through every species of ignominy to + the verge of rebellion; and their hall is even yet disgraced + with the statue of a worthless negro-monger, in the act of + insulting their sovereign with a speech of which (factious and + brutal as he was) _he never uttered one syllable_." ... "By my + troth, captain, these are very bitter words." + +But Gifford was _generally_ correct in his assertions; and twenty-two +years after _his_ note, I made the following one:-- + + "It is a curious fact, but a true one, that Beckford _did not + utter one syllable of this speech_. It was penned by Horne + Tooke, and by his art put on the records of the city and on + Beckford's statue, as he told me, Mr. Braithwaite, Mr. Seyers, + &c., at the Athenian Club. + + "ISAAC REED. + + "See the _Times_ Of July 23. 1838, p. 6." + +The worshipful Company of Ironmongers have _relegated their_ statue from +their hall to a lower position: but it still disgraces the Guildhall, +and will continue to do so, as long as any factious demagogue is +permitted to have a place among its members. + +L.S. + + +_The Frozen Horn._--Perhaps it is not generally known that the writer of +_Munchausen's Travels_ borrowed this amusing incident from Heylin's +_Mikrokosmos_. In the section treating of Muscovy, he says:-- + + "This excesse of cold in the ayre, gave occasion to _Castilian_, + in his _Aulicus_, wittily and not incongruously to faine that if + two men being smewhat distant, talke together in the winter, + their words will be so frozen that they cannot be heard: but if + the parties in the spring returne to the same place, their words + will melt in the same order that they were frozen and _spoken_, + and be plainly understood." + +J.S. + +Salisbury. + + +_Inscription from Roma Subterranea._--If you deem the translation of +this inscription, quoted in Lord Lindsay's fanciful but admirable +_Sketches of the History of Christian Art_, worth a place among your +Notes, it is very heartily at your service. + + "Sisto viator + Tot ibi trophÊa, quot ossa + Quot martyres, tot triumphi. + Antra quÊ subis, multa quÊ cernis marmora, + Vel dum silent, + Palam RomÊ gloriam loquuntur. + Audi quid Echo resonet + SubterraneÊ RomÊ! + Obscura licet Urbis Cœmetria + Totius patens Orbis Theatrium! + Supplex Loci Sanetitatem venerare, + Et post hac sub luto aurum + Coelum sub coeno + Sub Rom‚ Romam quÊrito!" + +_Roma Subterranea_, 1651, tom. i. p. 625. + +(Inscription abridged.) + + Stay, wayfarer--behold + In ev'ry mould'ring bone a trophy here. + In all these hosts of martyrs, + So many triumphs. + These vaults--these countless tombs, + E'en in their very silence + Proclaim aloud Rome's glory: + The echo'd fame + Of subterranean Rome + Rings on the ear. + The city's sepulchres, albeit hidden, + Present a spectacle + To the wide world patent. + In lowly rev'rence hail this hallow'd spot, + And henceforth learn + Gold beneath dross + Heav'n below earth, + Rome under Rome to find! + +F.T.J.B. + +Brookthorpe. + + +_Parallel Passages._-- + + "_There is an acre sown with royal seed_, the copy of the + greatest change from rich to naked, from cieled roofs to arched + coffins, from _living like gods to die like men_."--Jeremy + Taylor's _Holy Dying_, chap. i. sect. 1. p. 272. ed. Edin. + + "_Here's an acre sown_ indeed + _With_ the richest _royalest seeds_, + That the earth did e'er suck in, + Since the first man dyed for sin: + Here the bones of birth have cried, + Though _gods they were, as men they died_." + F. BEAUMONT + +M.W. +Oxon. + + +_A Note on George Herbert's Poems._--In the notes by Coleridge attached +to Pickering's edition of George Herbert's _Poems_, on the line-- + + "My flesh beg_u_n unto my soul in pain," + +Coleridge says-- + + "Either a misprint, or noticeable idiom of the word _began_: + Yes! and a very beautiful idiom it is: the first colloquy or + address of the flesh." + +The idiom is still in use in Scotland. "You had better not begin to me," +is the first address or colloquy of the school-boy half-angry +half-frightened at the bullying of a companion. The idiom was once +English, though now obsolete. Several instances of it are given in the +last edition of Foxe's _Martyrs_, vol. vi. p. 627. It has not been +noticed, however, that the same idiom occurs in one of the best known +passages of Shakspeare; in Clarence's dream, _Richard III._, Act i. Sc. +4.: + + "O, then _began_ the tempest _to_ my soul." + +Herbert's _Poems_ will afford another illustration to Shakspeare, +_Hamlet_, Act iv. Sc. 7.:-- + + "And then this _should_ is like a spendthrift sigh, + That hurts by easing." + +Coleridge, in the _Literary Remains_, vol. i. p. 233., says-- + + "In a stitch in the side, every one must have heaved + a sigh that hurts by easing." + +Dr. Johnson saw its true meaning: + + "It is," he says, "a notion very prevalent, that sighs impair + the strength, and wear out the animal powers." + +In allusion to this popular notion, by no means yet extinct, Herbert +says, p. 71.: + + "Or if some years with it (a sigh) escape + The sigh then only is + A gale to bring me sooner to my bliss." + +D.S. + + +"_Crede quod habes_," &c.--The celebrated answer to a Protestant about +the real presence, by the borrower of his horse, is supposed to be made +since the Reformation, by whom I forget:-- + + "Quod nuper dixisti + De corpore Christi + Crede quod edis et edis; + Sic tibi rescribo + De tuo palfrido + Crede quod habes et habes." + +But in Wright and Halliwell's _ReliquiÊ AntiquÊ_, p. 287., from a +manuscript of the time of Henry VII., is given-- + + "Tu dixisti de corpore Christi, crede et habes + De palefrido sic tibi scribo, crede et habes." + +M. + + +_Grant to the Earl of Sussex of Leave to be covered in the Royal +Presence._--In editing Heylyn's _History of the Reformation_, I had to +remark of the grant made by Queen Mary to the Earl of Sussex, that it +was the only one of Heylyn's documents which I had been unable to trace +elsewhere (ii. 90.). Allow me to state in your columns, that I have +since found it in Weever's _Funeral Monuments_ (pp. 635, 636). + +J.C. ROBERTSON. + +Bekesbourne. + + +_The first Woman formed from a Rib_ (Vol. ii., p. 213.).--As you have +given insertion to an extract of a sermon on the subject of the creation +of Eve, I trust you will allow me to refer your correspondent +BALLIOLENSIS to Matthew Henry's commentary on the second chapter of +Genesis, from which I extract the following beautiful explanation of the +reason why the _rib_ was selected as the material whereof the woman +should be created:-- + + "Fourthly, that the woman was made of a rib out of the side of + Adam; not made out of his head to top him, nor out of his feet + to be trampled upon by him; but out of his side to be equal with + him, under his arm to be protected, and near his heart to be + beloved." + +IOTA. + + +_Beau Brummel's Ancestry._--Mr. Jesse some years back did ample justice +to the history of a "London celebrity," George Brummell; but, from what +he there stated, the following "Note" will, I feel assured, be a novelty +to him. At the time that Brummell was considered in everything the +_arbiter elegantiarum_, the writer of this has frequently heard Lady +Monson (the widow of the second lord, and an old lady who, living to the +age of ninety-seven, had a wonderful fund of interesting recollections) +say, that this ruler of fashion was the descendant of a very excellent +servant in the family. Not long ago, some old papers of the family being +turned over, proofs corroborative of this came to light. William +Brummell, from the year 1734 to 1764, was the faithful and confidential +servant of Charles Monson, brother of the first lord: the period would +identify him with the grandfather of the Beau; the only doubt was, that +as Mr. Jesse has ascertained that William Brummell, the grandfather, +was, in the interval above given, married, had a _son William_, and +owned a house in Bury Street, how far these facts were compatible with +his remaining as a servant living with Charles Monson, both in town and +country. Now, in 1757, Professor Henry Monson of Cambridge being +dangerously ill, his brother Charles sent William Brummell down, as a +trustworthy person, to attend to him; and in a letter from Brummell to +his master, he, with many other requisitions, wishes that there may be +sent down to him a certain glass vessel, very useful for invalids to +drink out of, and which, if not in Spring Gardens, "may be found in +_Bury Street_. It was used when _Billy_ was ill." From the familiarity +of the word "Billy," he must be speaking of his son. These facts are +certainly corroborative of the old dowager's statement. + +M(2). + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +GRAY'S ELEGY AND DODSLEY POEMS. + +I have here, in the country, few editions of Gray's works by me, and +those not the best; for instance, I have neither of those by the Rev. J. +Mitford (excepting his Aldine edition, in one small volume), which, +perhaps, would render my present Query needless. It relates to a line, +or rather a word in the _Elegy_, which is of some importance. In the +second stanza, as the poem is usually divided (though Mason does not +give it in stanzas, because it was not so originally written), occurs, + + "Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight." + +And thus the line stands in all the copies (five) I am able at this +moment to consult. But referring to Dodsley's _Collection of Poems_, +vol. iv., where it comes first, the epithet applied to "flight" is not +"droning," but _drony_-- + + "Save where the beetle wheels his _drony_ flight." + +Has anybody observed upon this difference, which surely is worthy of a +Note? I cannot find that the circumstance has been remarked upon, but, +as I said, I am here without the means of consulting the best +authorities. The _Elegy_, I presume, must have been first separately +printed, and from thence transferred to Dodsley's _Collection_; and I +wish to be informed by some person who has the earliest impression, how +the line is there given? I do not know any one to whom I can appeal on +such a point with greater confidence than to MR. PETER CUNNINGHAM, who, +I know, has a large assemblage of the first editions of our most +celebrated poets from the reign of Anne downwards, and is so well able +to make use of them. It would be extraordinary, if _drony_ were the +epithet first adopted by Gray, and subsequently altered by him to +"droning," that no notice should have been taken of the substitution by +any of the poet's editors. I presume, therefore, that it has been +mentioned, and I wish to know where? + +Now, a word or two on Dodsley's _Collection of Poems_, in the fourth +volume of which, as I have stated, Gray's-_Elegy_ comes first. +Dodsley's is a popular and well-known work, and yet I cannot find _that +anybody has given the dates connected with it accurately_. If Gray's +_Elegy_ appeared in it for the first time (which I do not suppose), it +came out in 1755 which is the date of vol. iv. of Dodsley's +_Collection_, and not in 1757, which is the date of the Strawberry Hill +edition of Gray's _Odes_. The Rev. J. Mitford (Aldine edit. xxxiii.) +informs us that "Dodsley published three volumes of this _Collection_ in +1752; the fourth volume was published in 1755 and the fifth and sixth +volumes, which completed the _Collection_, in 1758." I am writing with +the title-pages of the work open before me, and I find that the first +three volumes were published, not in 1752, but in 1748, and that even +this was the second edition so that there must have been an edition of +the first three volumes, either anterior to 1748, or earlier in that +year. The sale of the work encouraged Dodsley to add a fourth volume in +1755, and two others in 1758 and the plate of Apollo and the Muses was +re-engraved for vols. v. and vi., because the original copper, which had +served for vols. i., ii., iii., and iv., was so much worn. + +This matter will not seem of such trifling importance to those who bear +in mind, that if Gray's _Elegy_ did not originally come out in this +_Collection_ in 1755, various other poems of great merit and +considerable popularity did then make their earliest appearance. + +THE HERMIT OF HOLYPORT. + +Sept. 1850. + +P.S. My attention has been directed to the subject of Gray's _Poems_, +and particularly to his _Elegy_, by a recent pilgrimage I made to Stoke +Poges, which is only five or six miles from this neighbourhood. The +church and the poet's monument to his mother are worth a much longer +walk; but the mausoleum to Gray, in the immediate vicinity, is a +preposterous edifice. The residence of Lady Cobham has been lamentably +modernised. + + * * * * * + +HUGH HOLLAND AND HIS WORKS. + +The name of Hugh Holland has been handed down to posterity in connexion +with that of our immortal bard; but few know anything of him beyond his +commendatory verses prefixed to the first folio of Shakspeare. + +He was born at Denbigh in 1558, and educated at Westminster School while +Camden taught there. In 1582 he matriculated at Baliol College, Oxford; +and about 1590 he succeeded to a Fellowship at Trinity College, +Cambridge. Thence he travelled into Italy, and at Rome was guilty of +several indiscretions by the freedom of his conversations. He next went +to Jerusalem to pay his devotions at the Holy Sepulchre, and on his +return touched at Constantinople, where he received a reprimand from the +English ambassador for the former freedom of his tongue. At his return +to England, he retired to Oxford, and, according to Wood, spent some +years there for the sake of the public library. He died in July, 1633, +and was buried in Westminster Abbey, "in the south crosse aisle, neere +the dore of St. Benet's Chapell," but no inscription now remains to +record the event. + +Whalley, in Gifford's _Jonson_ (1. cccxiv.), says, speaking of Hugh +Holland-- + + "He wrote several things, amongst which is the life of Camden; + but none of them, I believe, have been ever published." + +Holland published two works, the titles of which are as follows, and +perhaps others which I am not aware of:-- + +1. "Monumenta Sepulchralia Sancti Pauli. Lond. 1613. 4to." + +2. "A Cypres Garland for the Sacred Forehead of our late Soveraigne King +James. Lond. 1625. 4to." + +The first is a catalogue of the monuments, inscriptions, and epitaphs in +the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, which Nicolson calls "a mean and dull +performance." It was, at any rate, very popular, being printed again in +the years 1616, 1618, and 1633. + +The second is a poetical tract of twelve leaves, of the greatest +possible rarity. + +Holland also printed commendatory verses before a curious musical work, +entitled _Parthenia, or the Maydenhead of the First Musick for the +Virginalls_, 1611; and a copy of Latin verses before Dr. Alexander's +_Roxana_, 1632. + +In one of the Lansdowne MSS. are preserved the following verses written +upon the death of Prince Henry, by "Hugh Hollande, fellow of Trinity +College, Cambridge:"-- + + "Loe, where he shineth yonder + A fixed Star in heaven, + Whose motion here came under + None of the planets seven. + If that the Moone should tender + The Sun her love, and marry, + They both could not engender + So sweet a star as HARRY." + +Our author was evidently a man of some poetical fancy, and if not worthy +to be classed "among the chief of English poets," he is at least +entitled to a niche in the temple of fame. + +My object in calling attention to this long forgotten author is, to gain +some information respecting his manuscript works. According to Wood, +they consist of--1. Verses in Description of the chief Cities of Europe; +2. Chronicle of Queen Elizabeth's reign; 3. Life of William Camden. + +Can any of your readers say in whose possession, or in what +library, any of the above mentioned MSS. are at the present time? I +should also feel obliged for any communication respecting Hugh Holland +or his works, more especially frown original sources, or books not +easily accessible. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +HARVEY'S CLAIM TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD. + +I have both a Note and a Query about Harvey and the circulation of the +blood (Vol. ii., p. 187.). The Note refers to Philostratus (_Life of +Apollorius_, p. 461., ed. 1809), _Nouvelles de la RÈpublique des +Lettres_, June, 1684, xi.; and Dutens pp. 157-341. 4to. ed. 1796. I +extract the passage from _Les Nouvelles_:-- + + "On voit avec plaisir un passage d'AndrÈ CÊsalpinus qui contient + fort clairement la doctrine de la circrilation. Il est tirÈ de + ses Questions sur la mÈdecine imprimÈes l'an 1593. Jean + Leonicenas ajo˚te que le pËre Paul dÈcouvrit la circulation du + sang, et les valvules des veines, mais qu'il n'osa pas en + parler, de peur d'exciter contre luy quelque tempÍte. Il n'etois + dÈj‡ que trop suspect, et il n'eut fallu que ce nouveau paradoxe + pour le transformer en hÈrÈtique dans le pais d'inquisition. Si + bien qu'il ne communiqua son secret qu'au seul Aquapendente, qui + n'osant s'exposer ‡ l'envie.... Il attendit ‡ l'heure de sa mort + pour mettre le livre qu'il avoit composÈ touchant les valvules + des veines entre les mains de la rÈpublique de Venise, et comme + les moindres nouveautez font peur en cc pais-l‡, le livre fut + cachÈ dans le billiothËque de Saint Marc. Mais parcequ' + Aquapendente ne fit pas difficultÈ de s'ouvrir ‡ un jeune + Anglois fort curieux nommÈ HarvÈe, qui Ètudioit sous lui a + PadouÎ, et qu'en mÍme temps le pËre Paul fit a mÍme confidence ‡ + l'Ambassadeur d'Angleterre, ces deux Anglois de retour chez eux, + et se voyant en pais de libertÈ, publiËrent ce dogme, et l'ayant + confirmÈ par plusieurs expÈriences, s'en attribuËrent toute la + gloire." + +The Query is, what share Harvey had in the discovery attributed to him? + +W.W.B. + + * * * * * + +Minor Queries. + +_Bernardus Patricius._--Some writers mention _Bernardus_ Patricius as a +follower of Copernicus, about the time of Galileo. Who was he? + +M. + + +_Meaning of Hanger._--Can any one of your readers inform me, what is the +meaning of the word _hanger_, so frequently occurring in the names of +places in Bedfordshire, such as Panshanger? + +W. Anderson + + +_Cat and Bagpipes._--In studying some letters which passed between two +distinguished philosophers of the last century, I have found in one +epistle a request that the writer might be remembered "to his friends at +the Crown and Anchor, and the _Cat and Bagpipes_." The letter was +addressed to a party in London, where doubtless, both those places of +entertainment were. The Crown and Anchor was the house where the Royal +Society Club held its convivial meetings. Can you inform me where the +Cat and Bagpipes was situated, and what literary and scientific club met +there? The name seems to have been a favourite one for taverns, and, if +I mistake not, is common in Ireland. Is it a corruption of some foreign +title, as so many such names are, or merely a grotesque and piquant +specimen of sign-board literature? + +Quasimodo. + + +_Andrew Becket._--A.W. Hammond will feel obliged for any information +respecting Andrew Becket, Esq., who died 19th January, 1843, Êt. 95, and +to whose memory there is a handsome monument in Kennington Church. +According to that inscription, he was "ardently devoted to the pursuits +of literature," personally acquainted in early life with the most +distinguished authors of his day, long the intimate friend of David +Garrick, "and a profound commentator on the dramatic works of +Shakspeare." Can any of the learned readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" +satisfy this Query? + + +_Laurence Minot._--Is any other MS. of Minot known, besides the one from +which Ritson drew his text? Is there any other edition of this poet +besides Ritson's, and the reprints thereof? + +E.S. JACKSON. + + +_Modena Family._--When did Victor Amadeus, King of Sardinia, die? When +did his daughter, Mary Duchess of Modena, die, (the mother of the +present Duke of Modena, and through whom he is the direct heir of the +House of Stuart)? + +L.M.M.R. + + +_Bamboozle._--What is the etymology of _bamboozle_, used as a verb? + +L.M.M.R. + + +_Butcher's Blue Dress._--What is the origin of the custom, which seems +all but universal in England, for butchers to wear a blouse or frock of +_blue_ colour? Though so common in this country as to form a distinctive +mark of the trade, and to be almost a butcher's uniform, it is, I +believe, unknown on the continent. Is it a custom which has originate in +some supposed utility, or in the official dress of a guild or company, +or in some accident of which a historical notice has been preserved? + +L. + + +_Hatchment and Atchievement._--Can any one of the readers of "NOTES AND +QUERIES" tell me how comes the corruption _hatchment_ from +_atchievement_? Ought the English word to be spelt with a _t_, or thus, +_achievement_? Why are hatchments put up in churches and on houses? + +W. ANDERSON. + + +"_Te colui Virtutem_."--Who is the author of the line-- + + "Te colui virtutem ut rem ast tu nomen inane es?" + +It is a translation of part of a Greek tragic fragment, quoted, +according to Dio Cassius, by Brutus just before his death. As much as is +here translated is also to be found in Plutarch _De Superstitione_. + +E. + + +"_Illa suavissima Vita_."--Where does "Illa suavissima vita indies +sentire se fieri meliorem" come from? + +E. + + +_Christianity, Early Influence of._--"The beneficial influence of the +Christian clergy during the first thousand years of the Christian era." + +What works can be recommended on the above subject? + +X.Y.Z. + + +_Wraxen, Meaning of._--What is the origin and meaning of the word +_wraxen_, which was used by a Kentish woman on being applied to by a +friend of mine to send her children to the Sunday-school, in the +following sentence?--"Why, you see, they go to the National School all +the week, and get so _wraxen_, that I cannot send them to the Sunday +School too." + +G.W. Skyring. + + +_Saint, Legend of a._--Can any of your correspondents inform me where I +can find the account of some saint who, when baptizing a heathen, +inadvertently pierced the convert's foot with the point of his crozier. +The man bore the pain without flinching, and when the occurrence was +discovered, he remarked that he thought it was part of the ceremony? + +J.Y.C. + + +_Land Holland--Farewell._--In searching some Court Rolls a few days +since, I found some land described as "Land Holland" or "Hollandland." I +have been unable to discover the meaning of this expression, and should +be glad if any of your correspondents can help me. + +In the same manor there is custom for the tenant to pay a sum as a +_farewell_ to the lord on sale or alienation: this payment is in +addition to the ordinary fine, &c. Query the origin and meaning of this? + +J.B.C. + + +_Stepony Ale._--Chamberlayne, in his _Present State of England_ (part. +i. p. 51., ed. 1677), speaking of the "Dyet" of the people, thus +enumerates the prevailing beverages of the day:-- + + "Besides all sorts of the best wines from Spain, France, Italy, + Germany, Grecia, there are sold in London above twenty sorts of + other drinks: as brandy, coffee, chocolate, tea, aromatick, mum, + sider, perry, beer, ale; many sorts of ales very different, as + cock, _stepony_, stickback, Hull, North-Down, Sambidge, Betony, + scurvy-grass, sage-ale, &c. A piece of wantonness whereof none + of our ancestors were ever guilty." + +It will be observed that the ales are named in some instances from +localities, and in others from the herbs of which they were decoctions. +Can any of your readers tell me anything of Stepony ale? Was it ale +brewed at Stepney? + +James T. Hammack + + +"_Regis ad Exemplar_."--Can you inform me whence the following line is +taken? + + "Regis ad exemplar totus componitur orbis." + +Q.Q.Q. + + +"_La Caconacquerie_".--Will one of your numerous correspondents be kind +enough to inform me what is the true signification and derivation of the +word "caconac?" D'Alembert, writing to Voltaire concerning Turgot, says: + + "You will find him an excellent _caconac_, though he has reasons + for not avowing it:--la caconacquerie ne mËne pas ‡ la fortune." + +Ardern. + + +_London Dissenting Ministers: Rev. Thomas Tailer._--Not being entirely +successful in my Queries with regard to "London Dissenting Ministers" +(Vol. i., pp. 383. 444. 454.), I will state a circumstance which, +possibly, may assist some one of your correspondents in furnishing an +answer to the second of those inquiries. + +In the lines immediately referred to, where certain Nonconformist +ministers of the metropolis are described under images taken from the +vegetable world, the late Rev. Thomas Tailer (of Carter Lane), whose +voice was feeble and trembling, is thus spoken of:-- + + "Tailer tremulous as aspen leaves." + +But in verses afterwards circulated, if not printed, the censor was +rebuked as follows:-- + + "Nor tell of Tailer's trembling voice so weak, + While from his lips such charming accents break, + And every virtue, every Christian grace, + Within his bosom finds a ready place." + +No encomium could be more deserved, none more seasonably offered or more +appropriately conveyed. I knew Mr. Tailer, and am pleased in cherishing +recollections of him. + +W. + + +_Mistletoe as a Christmas Evergreen._--Can any of your readers inform me +at what period of time the mistletoe came to be recognised as a +Christmas evergreen? I am aware it played a great part in those +ceremonies of the ancient Druids which took place towards the end of the +year, but I cannot find any allusion to it, in connexion with the +Christian festival, before the time of Herrick. You are of course aware, +that there are still in existence some five or six very curious old +carols, of as early, or even an earlier date than the fifteenth century, +in praise of the holly or the ivy, which said carols used to be sung +during the Christmas festivities held by our forefathers but I can +discover no allusion even to the mistletoe for two centuries later. If +any of your readers should be familiar with any earlier allusion in +prose, but still more particularly in verse, printed or in manuscript, I +shall feel obliged by their pointing it out. + +V. + + +_Poor Robin's Almanacks._--I am anxious to ascertain in which public or +private library is to be found the most complete collection of Poor +Robin's _Almanacks_: through the medium of your columns, I may, perhaps, +glean the desired information. + +V. + + +_Sirloin._--When on a visit, a day or two since, to the very interesting +_ruin_ (for so it must be called) of Haughton Castle, near Blackburn, +Lancashire, I heard that the origin of this word was the following freak +of James I. in his visit to the castle; a visit, by the way, which is +said to have ruined the host, and to have been not very profitable even +to all his descendants. A magnificent loin of meat being placed on the +table before his Majesty, the King was so struck with its size and +excellence, that he drew his sword, and cried out, "By my troth, I'll +knight thee, Sir Loin!" and then and there the title was given; a title +which has been honoured, unlike other knighthoods, by a goodly +succession of illustrious heirs. Can any of your correspondents vouch +for the truth of this? + +H.C. +Bowden, Manchester. + + +_Thomson of Esholt._--In the reign of Henry VIII. arms were granted to +Henry Thomson, of Esholt, co. York, one of that monarch's +gentlemen-at-arms at Boulogne. The grant was made by Laurence Dalton, +Norroy. The shield was--Per fesse embattled, ar. and sa., three falcons, +belted, countercharged--a _bend_ sinister. Crest: An armed arm, embowed, +holding a lance, erect. Families of the name of Thompson, bearing the +same shield, have been seated at Kilham, Scarborough, Escrick, and other +places in Yorkshire. My inquiries are,-- + +1. Will any of your readers by kind enough to inform me where any +mention is made of this grant, and the circumstances under which it was +made? + +2. Whether any _ancient_ monuments, or heraldic bearings of the family, +are still extant in any parts of Yorkshire? + +3. Whether any work on Yorkshire genealogies exists, and what is the +best to be consulted? + +JAYTEE. + + * * * * * + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Pension_ (Vol. ii., p. 134.).--In the _Dictionnaire Universelle_, 1775, +vol. ii. p. 203., I find the following explanation of the French word +_Pension_:-- + + "Somme qu'on donne pour la nourriture et le logement de + quelqu'un. _Il se dit aussi du lieu o˘ l'on donne ‡ manger._" + +May not the meeting of the benchers have derived its name for their +dining-room in which they assembled? + +BRAYBROOKE. + + +_Execution of Charles I._ (Vol. ii., pp. 72. 110-140. 158.).--In Lilly's +_History of his Life and Times_, I find the following interesting +account in regard to the vizored execution of Charles I., being part of +the evidence he gave when examined before the first parliament of King +Charles II. respecting the matter. Should any of your correspondents be +able to substantiate this, or produce more conclusive evidence in +determining who the executioner was, I shall be extremely obliged. Lilly +writes,-- + + "Liberty being given me to speak, I related what follows: viz., + That the next Sunday but one after Charles I. was beheaded, + Robert Spavin Secretary to Lieutenant-General Cromwell at that + time, invited himself to dine with me, and brought Anthony + Pearson and several others along with him to dinner. That their + principal discourse all dinner time was only who it was that + beheaded the king. One said it was the common hangman; another, + Hugh Peters; others were also nominated, but none concluded. + Robert Spavin, so soon as dinner was done, took me by the hand, + and carried me to the south window. Saith he, 'These are all + mistaken; they have not named the man that did the fact: it was + Lieutenant-Colonel Joice. I was in the room when he fitted + himself for the work; stood behind him when he did it; when + done, went in with him again: there is no man knows this but my + master, viz. Cromwell, Commissary Ireton, and myself.'--'Doth + Mr. Rushworth know it?' saith I. 'No, he doth not know it,' + saith Spavin. The same thing Spavin since has often related to + me, when we were alone." + +R.W.E. +Cheltenham. + + +_Paper Hangings_ (Vol. ii., p. 134.).--"It was on the walls of this +drawing-room (the king's at Kensington Palace) that the then new art of +paper-hangings, in imitation of the old velvet flock, was displayed with +an effect that soon led to the adoption of so cheap and elegant a +manufacture, in preference to the original rich material from which it +was copied."--W.H. Pyne's _Royal Residences_, vol. ii. p. 75. + +M.W. + + +_Black-guard._--There are frequent entries among those of deaths of +persons attached to the Palace of Whitehall, in the registers of St. +Margaret's, Westminster, of "----, one of the blake garde." about the +year 1566, and later. In the Churchwarden's Accompts we find-- + + "1532. Pd. for licence of 4 torchis for Black Garde, vj. d." + +The royal Halberdiers carried black bills. (Grose, _Milit. Antiq._, vol. +i. p. 124.) In 1584 they behaved with great cruelty in Ireland. +(Cornp. Peck's _Des. Curios._, vol. i. p. 155.) So Stainhurst, in his +_Description_, says of bad men: "They are taken for no better than +rakehells, or the devil's blacke guarde."--Chap. 8. Perhaps, in +distinction to the gaily dressed military guard, the menial attendants +in a royal progress were called black-guards from their dull appearance. + +I remember a story current in Dublin, of a wicked wag telling a highly +respectable old lady, who was asking, where were the quarters of the +guards, in which corps her son was a private, to inquire at the lodge of +Trinity College if he was not within those learned walls, as the "black +guards were lying there." + +M.W. + + +_Pilgrims' Road_ (Vol. ii., p. 237.).--Your correspondent S.H., in +noticing the old track "skirting the base of the chalk hills," and known +by the name of the "Pilgrims' Road," has omitted to state that its +commencement is at Oxford,--a fact of importance, inasmuch as that the +Archbishops of Canterbury had there a handsome palace (the ruins of +which still exist), which is said to have been the favourite residence +of Thomas ‡ Becket. The tradition in the county thereupon is, that his +memory was held in such sanctity in that neighbourhood as to cause a +vast influx of pilgrims annually from thence to his shrine at +Canterbury; and the line of road taken by them can still be traced, +though only portions of it are now used as a highway. The direction, +however, in which it runs makes it clear (as S.H., no doubt, is aware) +that it cannot be Chaucer's road. + +While on the subject of old roads, I may add that a tradition here +exists that the direct road between London and Tunbridge did not pass +through Sevenoaks; and a narrow lane which crosses the Pilgrims' road +near Everham is pointed out as the former highway, and by which Evelyn +must have been journeying (passing close, indeed, to the seat of his +present descendant at St. Clere) when he met with that amusing +robber-adventure at Procession Oak. + +M(2). + + +_Pilgrims' Road to Canterbury._--In the _AthenÊum_ of Nov. 2nd, 1844, +there is a notice of _Remarks upon Wayside Chapels; with Observations on +the Architecture and present State of the Chantry on Wakefield Bridge_: +By John Chessell and Charles Buckler--in which the reviewer says-- + + "In our pedestrianism we have traced the now desolate ruins of + several of these chapels along the old pilgrims' road to + Canterbury." + +If this writer would give us the results of his pedestrianism, it would +be acceptable to _all_ the lovers of Chaucer. I do not know whether +PHILO-CHAUCER will find anything to his purpose in the pamphlet +reviewed. + +E.S. JACKSON. + + +_Combs buried with the Dead._--In Vol. ii., p. 230., the excellent vicar +of Morwenstow asks the reason why combs are found in the graves of St. +Cuthbert and others, monks, in the cathedral church of Durham. I imagine +that they were the combs used at the first tonsure of the novices, to +them a most interesting memorial of that solemn rite through life, and +from touching affection to the brotherhood among whom they had dwelt, +buried with them at their death. + +M.W. + + +_The Comb_, concerning "the origin and intent" of which MR. HAWKER (Vol. +ii., p. 230.) seeks information, was for ritual use; and its purposes +are fully described in Dr. Rock's _Church of our Fathers_, t. ii. p. +122., &c. + +LITURGICUS. + + +_AÎrostation._--C.B.M. will find in the _AthenÊum_ for August 10th, +1850, a notice of a book on this subject. + +E.S. JACKSON. + + +_St. Thomas of Lancaster_ (Vol. i., p. 181.).--MR. R.M. MILNES desires +information relative to "St. Thomas of Lancaster." This personage was +Earl of Leicester as well as Earl of Lancaster; and I find in the +archives of this borough numerous entries relative to him,--of payments +made to him by the burgesses. Of these mention is made in a _History of +Leicester_ recently published. The most curious fact I know of is, that +on the dissolution of the monasteries here, several relics of St. +Thomas, among others, his felt hat, was exhibited. The hat was +considered a great remedy for the headache! + +JAYTEE. + + +_Smoke Money_ (Vol. ii., p. 120.).--"Anciently, even in England, were +Whitsun farthings, or smoke farthings, which were a composition for +offerings made in Whitsun week, by every man who occupied a house with a +chimney, to the cathedral of the diocese in which he lived."--Audley's +_Companion to the Almanac_, p. 76. + +Pentecostals, or Whitsun Farthings, are mentioned by Pegge as being paid +in 1788 by the parishioners of the diocese of Lichfield, in aid of the +repairs of the cathedral, to the dean and chapter; but he makes no +allusion to the word _smoke_, adding only that in this case the payment +went by the name of Chad-pennies, or Chad-farthings, the cathedral there +being dedicated to St. Chad. + +C.I.R. + + +_Robert Herrick_ (Vol. i., p. 291.).--MR. MILNER BARRY states that he +found an entry of the burial of the poet Herrick in the parish books of +Dean Prior. As MR. BARRY seems interested in the poet, I would inform +him that a voluminous collection of family letters of early date is now +in the possession of William Herrick, Esq., of Beaumanor Park, the +present representative of that ancient and honourable house. + +JAYTEE. + + +_Guildhalls._--The question in Vol. i., p. 320., relative to guildhalls, +provokes an inquiry into guilds. In the erudite and instructive +work of Wilda on the _Guild System of the Middle Ages (Gildenwesen im +Mittel‰lter)_ will be found to be stated that guilds were associations +of various kinds,--convivial, religions, and mercantile, and so on; and +that places of assembly were adopted by them. A guild-house where eating +and drinking took place, was to be met with in most villages in early +times: and these, I fancy, were the guild-halls. On this head consult +Hone's _Every-day Book_, vol. ii. p. 670., and elsewhere, in connexion +with Whitsuntide holidays. + +JAYTEE. + + +_AbbÈ Strickland_ (Vol. ii., pp. 198. 237.).--The fullest account of the +AbbÈ Strickland, _Bishop of Namur_, is to be found in Lord Hervey's +_Memoirs_ (Vol. i., p. 391.), and a most curious account it is of that +profligate intriguer. + +C. + + +_Long Lonkin_ (Vol. ii., pp. 168. 251.).--This ballad does not relate to +Cumberland, but to Northumberland. This error was committed by Miss +Landon (in the _Drawing-room Scrap-book_ for 1835), to whom a lady of +this town communicated the fragment through the medium of a friend. Its +real locality is a ruined tower, seated on the corner of an extensive +earth-work surrounded by a moat, on the western side of Whittle Dean, +near Ovingham. Since this period, I have myself taken down many +additional verses from the recitation of the adjacent villagers, and +will be happy to afford any further information to your inquirer, +SELEUCUS. + +G. BOUCHIER RICHARDSON. +Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Sept. 7. 1850. + + +_Havock_ (Vol. ii., p. 215.).--The presumed object of literary men being +the investigation of truth, your correspondent JARLTZBERG will, I trust, +pardon me for suggesting that his illustration of the word _havock_ is +incomplete, and especially with reference to the line of Shakspeare +which he has quoted: + + "Cry havock! and let slip the dogs of war." + +Grose, in his _History of English Armour_, vol. ii. p. 62., says that +_havok_ was the word given as a signal for the troops to disperse and +pillage, as may be learned from the following article in the _Droits of +the Marshal_, vol. ii. p. 229., wherein it is declared, that-- + + "In the article of plunder, all the sheep and hogs belong to + such private soldiers as can take them; and that on the word + havok being cried, every one might seize his part; but this + probably was only a small part of the licence supposed to be + given by the word." + +He also refers to the ordinance of Richard II. + +In agreeing with your correspondent that the use of this word was the +signal for general massacre, unlimited slaughter, and giving no quarter, +as well as taking plunder in the manner described above, the omission of +which I have to complain is, that, in stating no one was to raise the +cry, under penalty of losing his head, he did not add the words, "the +king excepted." It was a royal act; and Shakspeare so understood it to +be; as will appear from the passage referred to, if fully and fairly +quoted:-- + + "And CÊsar's spirit, ranging for revenge, + With AtÈ by his side, come hot from hell, + Shall in these confines, _with a monarch's voice_, + Cry Havock! and let slip the dogs of war." + _Julius CÊsar_ Act iii. + +It is not at this moment in my power to assist F.W. with the reference +to the history of Bishop Berkeley's giant, though it exists somewhere in +print. The subject of the experiment was a healthy boy, who died in the +end, in consequence of over-growth, promoted (as far as my recollection +serves me) principally by a peculiar diet. + +W(1). + + +_Becket's Mother._--I do not pretend to explain the facts mentioned by +MR. FOSS (Vol. ii., p. 106.), that the hospital founded in honour of +Becket was called "The Hospital of St. Thomas the Martyr, _of Acon_;" +and that he was himself styled "St. Thomas _Acrenis_, or _of Acre_;" but +I believe that the true explanation must be one which would not be a +hindrance to the rejection of the common story as to the Archbishop's +birth. _If_ these titles were intended to connect the Saint with Acre in +Syria, they may have originated after the legend had become popular. But +it seems to me more likely, that, like some other city churches and +chapels, that of St. Thomas got its designation from something quite +unconnected with the history of the patron. In particular, I would ask +what is the meaning of "St. Nicolas _Acons_?" And may not the same +explanation (whatever it be) serve for "St. Thomas _of Acon_?" Or the +hospital may have been built on some noted "acre" (like _Long Acre_ and +_Pedlars Acre_); and if afterwards churches in other places were +consecrated to St. Thomas under the designation "_of Acre_," (as to +which point I have no information), the churches of "our Lady _of +Loretto_," scattered over various countries, will supply a parallel. As +to the inference which Mr. Nichols (_Pilgrimages_, p. 120.) draws from +the name _Acrensis_, that Becket was _born at_ Acre, I must observe that +it introduces a theory which is altogether new, and not only opposed to +the opinion that the Archbishop was of English or Norman descent on both +sides, but _essentially_ contradictory of the legend as to the fair +Saracen who came from the East in search of her lover. + +J.C.R. + + +_Watching the Sepulchre_ (Vol. i., pp. 318. 354. 403.).--In the parish +books of Leicester various entries respecting the Sepulchre occur. In +the year 1546, when a sale took place of the furniture of St. Martin's +Church, the "Sepulchre light" was sold to Richard Rainford for +21s. 10d. In the reign of Queen Mary gatherings were made for the +"Sepulchre lights;" timber for making the lights cost 5s.; the light +itself, 4s.; and painting the Sepulchre, and a cloth for "our lady's +altar," cost 1s. 10d. Facts like these might be multiplied. + +JAYTEE. + + +_Portraits of Charles I. in Churches_ (Vol. i., pp. 137. 184.).--In +reference to this I have to state, that in the south aisle of the church +of St. Martin, in Leicester, a painting of this kind is yet to be seen, +or was lately. It was executed by a Mr. Rowley, for 10l., in the year +1686. It represents the monarch in a kneeling attitude. + +JAYTEE. + + +_Joachim, the French Ambassador_ (Vol. ii., p. 229.).--In Rapin's +_History of England_ I find this ambassador described as "Jean-Joachim +de Passau, Lord of Vaux." This may assist AMICUS. + +J.B.C. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +The Rev. Mackenzie Walcott, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford, whose +pleasant gossiping _Memorials of Westminster_, and _History of St. +Margaret's Church_, are no doubt familiar to many of our readers, is, as +an old Wykehamist, collecting information for a "History of Commoners +and the Two S. Marie Winton Colleges;" and will feel obliged by lists of +illustrious alumni, and any notes, archÊological and historical, about +that noble school, which will be duly acknowledged. + +The _Cambrian ArchÊological Association_, which was established in 1846 +for the purpose of promoting the study and preservation of the +antiquities of Wales and the Marches, held its fourth anniversary +meeting in the ancient and picturesque town of Dolgelly, during the week +commencing the 26th ultimo. The Association is endeavouring to extend +its usefulness by enlarging the number of its members; and as its +subscribing members receive in return for their yearly pound, not only +the Society's Journal, the _ArchÊologia Cambrensis_ but also the annual +volume of valuable archÊological matter published by the Association, we +cannot doubt but their exertions will meet the sympathy and patronage of +all who take an interest in the national and historical remains of the +principality. + +The preceding paragraph was scarcely finished when we received proof of +the utility of the Association in Mr. Freeman's volume, entitled +_Remarks on the Architecture of Llandaff Cathedral, with an Essay +towards a History of the Fabric_--a volume which, as we learn from the +preface, had its origin in the observations on some of the more singular +peculiarities of the fabric made by the author at the Cardiff meeting of +the Association in 1849. These remarks were further developed in a paper +in the _ArchÊologia Cambrensis_; and have now been expanded into the +present descriptive and historical account of a building which, to use +Mr. Freeman's words, "in many respects, both of its history and +architecture, stands quite alone among English churches." Mr. Freeman's +ability to do justice to such a subject is well known: and his work will +therefore assuredly find a welcome from the numerous body of students of +church architecture now to be found in this country; and to their +judgments we leave it. + +_Notes on Bishop Jeremy Taylor's Works._ A reprint being called for of +vol. vi. of the present edition of Bishop Taylor's works, the Editor +will be glad of any assistance towards verifying the references which +have been omitted. The volume is to go to press early in October. + +Messrs. Puttick and Simpson will commence on Monday next a six days' +sale of valuable books in all classes of literature; oriental, and other +manuscripts; autograph letters; engravings, miniatures, paintings, &c. + +Messrs. Southgate and Barrett will sell on Tuesday next some fine +portraits and engravings; together with a very interesting and extensive +collection of nearly 200 original proclamations (extending from 1631 to +1695), two books printed by Pynson, unknown to bibliographers (viz. +_Aphthonii SophistÊ PrÊxercitamenta_ and _Ciceronis Orationes +PhilippicÊ_ and a few valuable MSS). + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +ESSAYS, SCRIPTURAL, MORAL, AND LOGICAL, by W. and T. Ludlam. 2 vols. +8vo. London, 1807. + +ELDERFIELD (C.), DISQUISITIONS ON REGENERATION, BAPTISM, &c., 4to. +London, 1653. + +DODWELL (HENRY, M.A.), DISCOURSE PROVING FROM SCRIPTURES THAT THE SOUL +IS A PRINCIPLE NATURALLY MORTAL, &c. + +THE TALE OF A TUB REVERSED, for the universal Improvement of Mankind, +with a character of the Author. + +REFLECTIONS ON MR. BURCHET'S MEMOIRS, or, Remarks on his Account of +Captain Wilmot's Expedition to the West Indies, by Col. Luke +Lillingston. 1704. [Two copies wanted.] + +SEVEN CHAMPIONS OF CHRISTENDUM. [Any Edition before 1700.] + +CHAUCER'S CANTERBURY TALES AND OTHER POEMS, 2 vols. 12mo. [Cumberland's +Edition.] + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Notices to Correspondents. + +VOLUME THE FIRST OF NOTES AND QUERIES, _with Title-page and very copious +Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and may be had, by +order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured by the Trade at noon on Friday: so +that our country Subscribers ought to experience no difficulty in +receiving it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers are probably not +yet aware of this arrangement, which enables them to receive Copies in +their Saturday parcels._ + +W.A. _will find an article on_ "The Owl was once a Baker's Daughter," +_quoted by Shakspeare, in one of_ MR. THOMS' _Papers on the_ FOLK LORE +OF SHAKSPEARE, _published in the_ AthenÊum October and November 1847. + + * * * * * + +JUNIUS IDENTIFIED. + +In One Volume 8vo., price 6s., bds., (published in 1818 at 14s.). JUNIUS +IDENTIFIED with SIR PHILIP FRANCIS. By JOHN TAYLOR. Second Edition, with +the Appendix, containing the Plates of Handwriting. + +London: TAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, 28. Upper Gower-street; and 27. Ivy +Lane, Paternoster Row. + + * * * * * + +AMERICA AND IRELAND.--MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, Number XI. for 1850, +contains many curious and interesting books on the above Countries with +the usual valuable Miscellanies in all departments, Published this day, +GRATIS. + +The following Books may also be had of him:-- + +BALLAD ROMANCES, by R. H. HORNE, Esq., author of "Orion." +&c.--Containing the Noble Heart, a Bohemian Legend--The Monk of +Swinstead Abbey, a Ballad Chronicle of the Death of King John--The Three +Knights of Camelott, a Fairy Tale--The Ballad of Delora, or the Passion +of Andrea Como--Red Gelert, a Welsh Legend--Ben Capstan, A Ballad of the +Night Watch--The Elf of the Woodlands, a Child's Story, fcap. 8vo, +elegantly printed and bound in cloth, 248 pages, only 2s. 6d. + +CRITICISMS AND ESSAYS On the Writings of Atherstone, Blair, Bowles, Sir +E. Brydges, Carlyle, Carrington, Coleridge, Cowper, Croly, Gillfillian, +Graham, Hazlitt, Heber, Heraud, Harvey, Irving, Keats, Miller, Pollock, +Tighe, Wordsworth, and other Modern Writers, by the Rev. J.W. LESTER, +B.A., royal 8vo., 100 pages of closely printed letterpress, originally +published at 5s., reduced to 1s. 3d. 1848. + +"We give our cordial subscription to the general scope and tenor of his +views, which are in the main promulgated with a perspicuity and +eloquence not always found in the same individual."--_Church of England +Quarterly Review._ + +"Mr. Lester's volume is one of superior merit, and deserves a high rank +among works of its class."--_Tail's Edinburgh Review._ + +"He is the pioneer of the beautiful."--_Manchester Examiner._ + +FALLACY OF GHOSTS, DREAMS, AND OMENS, with Stories of Witchcraft, Life +in Death, and Monomania, by CHARLES OLLIER, 12mo., cloth. gilt, with +Illustrations by G. Measom, 250 pages of amusing letterpress, only 2s. + +JOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos-street, Trafalgar-square. + + * * * * * + +Old Engravings, early Printed Books, Manuscripts, &c. + +SOUTHGATE and BARRETT will SELL by AUCTION, at their Rooms, 22. +Fleet-street, on Tuesday, September 24, at 12. PORTRAITS and ENGRAVlNGS. +incliding many proofs, a very interesting and extensive collection of +original proclamations, two books printed by Pynson unknown to +bibliographers: also a few very valuable Manuscripts relating to the +counties of Stafford, Salon, Leicester, Wilts, &c., ancient statutes +upon vellum. heraldic MSS., &c. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, 8vo., price 8s., with numerous Illustrations by Messrs. +O. Jerrit and H. Shaw, + +REMARKS ON THE ARCHITECTURE OF LLANDAFF CATHEDRAL; with an Essay towards +a History of the Fabric. By EDWARD A. FREEMAN, M.A., late Fellow of +Trinity College, Oxford; author of the "History of Architecture." + +London: W. PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. Tenby: R. MASON. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, price 5s., in post 8vo., cloth lettered; if sent by +Post. 6s. + +THE POPE; Considered in his RELATIONS WITH THE CHURCH, TEMPORAL +SOVEREIGNTIES, SEPARATED CHURCHES, and the CAUSE OF CIVILISATION. By +COUNT JOSEPH DE MAISTRE. Translated by the Rev. AENEAS MC D. DAWSON. +Embellished with a Portrait of His Holiness Pope Pius IX. + +London: C. DOLMAN, 61. New Bond-street; and 48A. Paternoster Row. + + * * * * * + +THE PARLOUR LIBRARY, One Shilling each Volume. + +The Publishers beg to state that all G.P.R. JAMES's works lately out of +print are again reprinted, and may be had of every bookseller and at all +the railway stations. Works by the following popular authors have also +been published in the "Parlour Library:"-- + +A. Lamartine +G.P.R. James +Washington Irving +Miss Mitford +Author of "Emilia Wyndham" +Miss Austen +William Carleton +Gerald Griffin +Mary Howitt +T.C. Grattan +Mrs. S.C. Hall +Rodolph Toppfer +Leitch Ritchie +The O'Hara Family +W. Meinhold +Alex. Dumas + +SIMMS and M'INTYRE, 13. Paternoster Row, London, and Belfast. Sold at +all the Railway Stations. + + * * * * * + +Published by GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet-street. + +Now ready, 1 vol. 8vo., with etched Frontispiece, by Wehnert, and Eight +Engravings, price 15s. + +SABRINAE COROLLA: a Volume Of Classical Translations with original +Compositions contributed by Gentlemen educated at Shrewsbury School. + +Among the Contributors are the Head Masters of Shrewsbury. Stanford, +Repton, Birmingham, and Uppingham Schools; Andrew Lawson, Esq., late +M.P; the Rev. R. Shilleto, Cambridge; the Rev. T.S. Evans, Rugby; J. +Riddell, Esq., Fellow of Baliol College, Oxford; the Rev. E.M. Cope, +H.J. Hodgson, Esq., H.A.J. Munro, Esq., W.G. Clark, Esq., Fellows of +Trinity College, Cambridge, and many other distinguished Scholars from +both Universities. + +The Work is edited by three of the principal Contributors. + +"Highly creditable to the Scholarship of Shrewsbury, and indeed of +England, and we wish it heartily success."--_Guardian._ + +RULES FOR OVIDIAN VERSE, with some Hints on the Transition to the +Virgilian Hexameter, and an Introductory Preface. Edited by JAMES TATE, +A.M., Master of the Grammar School, Richmond. 8vo. sewed, 1s. 6d. + +FIRST STEPS TO LATIN VERSIFICATION, being an Analysis of the Scansion +and Structure of the Ovidian Verse. Price 6d. on sheet; folded in cloth, +1s. + +Just Published, fcp. 8vo., price 4s. 6d., cloth, + +CICERONIS CATO MAJOR, sive de Senectute, Laelius, site de Amicitia. et +EpistolÊ SelectÊ; with English Notes and an Index. By GEORGE LONG. Being +a second volume of the Grammar School Classics. + +"Mr. George Long has edited the De Senectute, and De Amicitia, together +with some of the Epistles of Cicero, and has contributed a very clever +preface upon the best way of teaching foreign, and especially classical, +languages. Mr. Long's ability and reputation render any writing of his +important, and his name is a pledge for the accuracy and value of the +edition."--_Guardian._ + +Also, a new edition, price 5s., + +XENOPHON'S ANABASIS, with English Notes and Three Maps. By the Rev. J.F. +MACMICHAEL, Master of the Grammar School, Burton-on-Trent. Being the +first volume of Grammar School Classics. + +"We can confidently recommend this as the best school edition, and we +feel certain that it will satisfy every reasonable demand that can be +made."--_Classical Museum._ + +12mo., cloth, 2s. 6d. + +SELECTIONS FROM OVID; AMORES, TRISTIA, HEROIDES, METAMORPHOSES: with +prefatory remarks. This Selection is intended to afford an introduction, +at once easy and unobjectionable, to a knowledge of the Latin Language, +after a boy has become well acquainted with the declensions of nouns and +pronouns, and the ordinary forms of verbs. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, September 21. 1850. + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 47, Saturday, September 21, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13936 *** diff --git a/13936-h/13936-h.htm b/13936-h/13936-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a165655 --- /dev/null +++ b/13936-h/13936-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1993 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" +"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> +<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Notes And Queries, Issue 47.</title> + +<style type="text/css"> + + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.adverts {width: 100%; height: 5px; color: black;} + html>body hr.adverts {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.short {text-align: center; width: 20%;} + html>body hr.short {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;} + + + .note, .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; + font-size: 0.9em;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; + text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 4em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 6em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 8em;} + .poem p.i10 {margin-left: 10em;} + .poem .caesura {vertical-align: -200%;} + + span.pagenum {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; + font-size: 8pt;} + + p.author {text-align: right;} + +</style> +</head> +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13936 ***</div> + +<h1><span class="pagenum"><a id="page257" name= "page257"></a></span>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> +<hr class="full" /> +<table summary="masthead" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td align="left"><b>No. 47.</b></td> +<td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, +1850</b></td> +<td align="right"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> +Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> +<table summary=""> +<tr> +<td align="left">NOTES:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Old Songs</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page257">257</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">"Junius Identified." by J. Taylor</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page258">258</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Folk Lore:—Spiders a Cure for +Ague—Funeral Superstition—Folk Lore Rhymes</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page259">259</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">On a Passage in the Tempest, by S.W. Singer</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page259">259</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Punishment of Death of Burning</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page260">260</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Note on Morganatic Marriages</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page261">261</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Notes:—Alderman Beckford—Frozen +Horn—Inscription translated—Parallel +Passages—Note on George Herbert's Poems—"Crede quod +habes"—Grant to Earl of Sussex—First Woman formed from +a Rib—Beau Brummell's Ancestry</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page262">262</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Gray's Elegy and Dodsley's Poems</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page264">264</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Hugh Holland and his Works, by E.F. Rimbault, +L.L.D.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page265">265</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Harvey and the Circulation of the Blood</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page266">266</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Queries:—Bernardus +Patricius—Meaning of Hanger—Cat and +Bagpipes—Andrew Becket—Laurence Minot—Modena +Family—Bamboozle—Butcher's Blue Dress—Hatchment +and Atchievement—"Te colui Virtutem"—"Illa suavissima +Vita"—Christianity, Early Influence of—Meaning of +Wraxen—Saint, Legend of a—Land +Holland—Farewell—Stepony Ale—"Regis ad +Exemplar"—La Caronacquerie—Rev. T. +Tailer—Mistletoe as a Christmas Evergreen—Poor Robin's +Almanacks—Sirloin—Thompson of Esholt</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page266">266</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">REPLIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Replies to Minor +Queries:—Pension—Execution of Charles I.—Paper +Hangings—Black-guard—Pilgrims' Road—Combs buried +with the Dead—Aërostation—St. Thomas of +Lancaster—Smoke Money—Robert +Herrich—Guildhalls—Abbé Strickland—Long +Conkin—Havock—Becket's Mother—Watching the +Sepulchre—Portraits of Charles I.—Joachim, the French +Ambassador</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page269">269</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page271">271</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes Wanted</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page271">271</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page271">271</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Advertisements</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page272">272</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>NOTES.</h2> +<h3>OLD SONGS.</h3> +<p>I heard, "in other days," a father singing a comic old song to +one of his children, who was sitting on his knee. This was in +Yorkshire: and yet it could hardly be a Yorkshire song, as the +scene was laid in another county. It commenced with—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Randle O'Shay has sold his mare</p> +<p>For nineteen groats at Warrin'ton fair,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>and goes on to show how the simpleton was cheated out of his +money.</p> +<p>I find in Hasted's <i>History of Kent</i> (vol. i. p. 468., 2nd +edit.) mention made of the family of Shaw, who held the manor of +Eltham, &c., and who "derive themselves from the county +palatine of Chester." It is further stated that <i>Randal de +Shaw</i>, his son, was settled at Haslington Hall in that +county.</p> +<p>All, indeed, that this proves is, the probability of the hero of +the song being also a native of Cheshire, or one of the adjacent +counties; and that the legend is a truth, even as to names as well +as general facts. The song is worthy of recovery and preservation, +as a remnant of English character and manners; and I have only +referred to Hasted to point out the probable district in which it +will be found.</p> +<p>There are many other characteristics of the manners of the +humbler classes to be found in songs that had great local +popularity within the period of living memory; for instance, the +<i>Wednesbury Cocking</i> amongst the colliers of Staffordshire and +<i>Rotherham Status</i> amongst the cutlers of Sheffield. Their +language, it is true, is not always very delicate—perhaps was +not even at the time these songs were composed,—as they +picture rather the exuberant freaks of a half-civilised people than +the better phases of their character. Yet even these form "part and +parcel" of the history of "the true-born Englishman."</p> +<p>One song more may be noticed here:—the rigmarole, snatches +of which probably most of us have heard, which contains an immense +number of mere truisms having no connexion with each others, and no +bond of union but the metrical form in which their juxtaposition is +effected, and the rhyme, which is kept up very well throughout, +though sometimes by the introduction of a nonsense line. Who does +not remember—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"A yard of pudding's not an ell,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>or</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Not forgetting <i>dytherum di</i>,</p> +<p>A tailor's goose can never fly,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>and other like parts?</p> +<p>It is just such a piece of burlesque as Swift might have +written: but many circumstances lead me to think it must be much +older. Has it ever been printed?</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page258" id= "page258"></a></span>There is +another old (indeed an evidently very ancient) song, +which I do not remember to have seen in print, or even referred to +in print. None of the books into which I have looked, from deeming +them likely to contain it, make the least reference to this song. I +have heard it in one of the midland counties, and in one of the +western, both many years ago; but I have not heard it in London or +any of the metropolitan districts. The song begins thus:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"London Bridge is broken down,</p> +<p class="i2">Dance over my Lady Lea:</p> +<p>London Bridge is broken down,</p> +<p class="i2">With a gay ladée."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>This must surely refer to some event preserved in +history,—may indeed be well known to well-read antiquaries, +though so totally unknown to men whose general pursuits (like my +own) have lain in other directions. The present, however, is an age +for "popularising" knowledge; and your work has assumed that task +as one of its functions.</p> +<p>The difficulties attending such inquiries as arise out of +matters so trivial as an old ballad, are curiously illustrated by +the answers already printed respecting the "wooing frog." In the +first place, it was attributed to times within living memory; then +shown to exceed that period, and supposed to be very +old,—even as old as the Commonwealth, or, perhaps, as the +Reformation. This is objected to, from "the style and wording of +the song being evidently of a much later period than the age of +Henry VIII.;" and Buckingham's "mad" scheme of taking Charles into +Spain to woo the infanta is substituted. This is enforced by the +"burden of the song;" whilst another correspondent considers this +"chorus" to be an old one, analogous to "Down derry +down:"—that is, M. denies the force of MR. MAHONY's +explanation altogether!</p> +<p>(Why MR. MAHONY calls a person in his "sixth decade" a +"sexagenarian" he best knows. Such is certainly not the ordinary +meaning of the term he uses. His pun is good, however.)</p> +<p>Then comes the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT, with a very decisive proof +that neither in the time of James I., nor of the Commonwealth, +could it have originated. His transcript from Mr. Collier's +<i>Extracts</i> carries it undeniably back to the middle of the +reign of Elizabeth. Of course, it is interesting to find +intermediate versions or variations of the ballad, and even the +adaptation of its framework to other ballads of recent times, such +as "Heigho! says Kemble,"—one of the Drury Lane "O.P. Row" +ballads (<i>Rejected Addresses</i>, last ed., or Cunningham's +<i>London</i>). Why the conjecture respecting Henry VIII. is so +contemptuously thrown aside as a "fancy," I do not see. A +<i>fancy</i> is a dogma taken up without proof, and in the teeth of +obvious probability,—tenaciously adhered to, and all +investigation eschewed. This at least is the ordinary signification +of the term, in relation to the search after truth. How far my own +conjecture, or the mode of putting it, fulfills these conditions, +it is not necessary for me to discuss: but I hope the usefulness +and interest of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" will not be marred by any +discourtesy of one correspondent towards another.</p> +<p>At the same time, the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT has done the most +essential service to this inquiry by his extract from Mr. Collier, +as the question is thereby inclosed within exceedingly narrow +limits. But if the ballad do not refer to Henry VIII., to whom can +it be referred with greater probability? It is too much to assume +that all the poetry, wit, and talent of the Tudor times were +confined to the partizans of the Tudor cause, religious or +political. We <i>know</i>, indeed, the contrary. But for his +communication, too, the singular coincidence of two such +characteristic words of the song in the "Poley Frog" (in the same +number of the "NOTES AND QUERIES") might have given rise to another +conjecture: but the <i>date</i> excludes its further +consideration.</p> +<p>I may add, that since this has been mooted, an Irish gentleman +has told me that the song was familiar enough in Dublin; and he +repeated some stanzas of it, which were considerably different from +the version of W.A.G., and the chorus the same as in the common +English version. I hope presently to receive a complete copy of it: +which, by the bye, like everything grotesquely humorous in Ireland, +was attributed to the author of <i>Gulliver's Travels</i>.</p> +<p class="author">T.S.D.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>"JUNIUS IDENTIFIED."</h3> +<p>It is fortunate for my reputation that I am still living to +vindicate my title to the authorship of my own book, which seems +otherwise in danger of being taken from me.</p> +<p>I can assure your correspondent R.J. (Vol. ii., p. 103.) that I +was not only "literally <i>the writer</i>," (as he kindly suggests, +with a view of saving my credit for having put my name to the +book), but in its fullest sense <i>the author of "Junius +Identified"</i>; and that I never received the slightest assistance +from Mr. Dubois, or any other person, either in collecting or +arranging the evidence, or in the composition and correction of the +work. After I had completed my undertaking, I wrote to Mr. Dubois +to ask if he would allow me to see the handwriting of Sir Philip +Francis, that I might <span class="pagenum"><a name="page259" id= +"page259"></a></span> compare it with the published +fac-similes of the handwriting of Junius; but he refused my +request. His letter alone disproved the notion entertained by R.J. +and others, that Mr. Dubois was in any degree connected with me, or +with the authorship of the work in question.</p> +<p>With regard to the testimony of Lord Campbell, I wrote to his +lordship in February, 1848, requesting his acceptance of a copy of +<i>Junius Identified</i>, which I thought he might not have seen; +and having called his attention to my name at the end of the +preface, I begged he would, when opportunity offered, correct his +error in having attributed the work to Mr. Dubois. I was satisfied +with his lordship's reply, which was to the effect that he was +ashamed of his mistake, and would take care to correct it. No new +edition of that series of the <i>Lives of the Chancellors</i>, +which contains the "Life of Lord Loughborough," has since been +published. The present edition is dated 1847.</p> +<p>R.J. says further, that "the late Mr. George Woodfall always +spoke of the <i>pamphlet</i> as the work of Dubois;" and that Sir +Fortunatus Dwarris states, "the <i>pamphlet</i> is said, I know not +with what truth, to have been prepared under the eye of Sir Philip +Francis, it may be through the agency of Dubois." If <i>Junius +Identified</i> be alluded to in these observations as a +<i>pamphlet</i>, it would make me doubt whether R.J., or either of +his authorities, ever saw the book. It is an 8vo. vol. The first +edition, containing 380 pages, was published in 1816, at +12<i>s.</i> The second edition, which included the supplement, +exceeded 400 pages, and was published in 1818, at 14<i>s.</i> The +supplement, which contains the plates of handwriting, was sold +separately at 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, to complete the first edition, +but this could not have been the pamphlet alluded to in the +preceding extracts. I suspect that when the work is spoken of as a +pamphlet, and this if often done, the parties thus describing it +have known it only through the medium of the critique in the +<i>Edinburgh Review</i>.</p> +<p>Mr. Dubois was the author of the biography of Sir Philip +Francis, first printed in the <i>Monthly Mirror</i> for May and +June, 1810, and reprinted in <i>Junius Identified</i>, with +acknowledgment of the source from which it was taken. To this +biography the remarks of Sir Fortunatus Dwarris are strictly +applicable, except that it never appeared in the form of a +pamphlet.</p> +<p class="author">JOHN TAYLOR.</p> +<p>30. Upper Gower Street, Sept. 7. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> +<p><i>Spiders a Cure for Ague</i> (Vol. ii., p. 130.).—Seeing +a note on this subject reminds me that a few years since, a lady in +the south of Ireland was celebrated far and near, amongst her +poorer neighbours, for the cure of this disorder. Her universal +remedy was a large house-spider alive, and enveloped in treacle or +preserve. Of course the parties were carefully kept in ignorance of +what the wonderful remedy was.</p> +<p>Whilst I am on the subject of cures, I may as well state that in +parts of the co. Carlow, the blood drawn from a black cat's ear, +and rubbed upon the part affected, is esteemed a certain cure for +St. Anthony's fire.</p> +<p class="author">JUNIOR.</p> +<p><i>Funeral Superstition.</i>—A few days ago the body of a +gentleman in this neighbourhood was conveyed to the hearse, and +while being placed in it, the door of the house, whether from +design or inadvertence I know not, was closed before the friends +came out to take their places in the coaches. An old lady, who was +watching the proceedings, immediately exclaimed, "God bless me! +they have closed the door upon the corpse: there will be another +death in that house before many days are over." She was fully +impressed with this belief, and unhappily this impression has been +confirmed. The funeral was on Saturday, and on the Monday morning +following a young man, resident in the house, was found dead in +bed, having died under the influence of chloroform, which he had +inhaled, self-administered, to relieve the pain of toothache or +tic-douloureux.</p> +<p>Perhaps the superstition may have come before you already; but +not having met with it myself, I thought it might be equally new to +others.</p> +<p class="author">H.J.</p> +<p>Sheffield.</p> +<hr /> +<p><i>Folk Lore Rhymes.</i>—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Find odd-leafed ash, and even-leafed clover,</p> +<p>And you'll see your true love before the day's over."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>If you wish to see your lover, throw salt on the fire every +morning for nine days, and say—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"It is not salt I mean to burn,</p> +<p>But my true lover's heart I mean to turn;</p> +<p>Wishing him neither joy nor sleep,</p> +<p>Till he come back to me and speak."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"If you marry in Lent,</p> +<p>You will live to repent."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">WEDSECNARF.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>EMENDATION OF A PASSAGE IN THE "TEMPEST."</h3> +<p>Premising that I should approach the text of our great poet with +an almost equal degree of awful reverence with that which +characterises his two latest editors, I must confess that I should +not have the same respect for evident errors of the printers of the +early editions, which they have occasionally shown. In the +following passage in the <i>Tempest</i>, Act i., Scene 1., this +forbearance has not, however, been the cause of the very +unsatisfactory state in which they have both left it. I +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page260" id= +"page260"></a></span> must be indulged in citing at length, +that the context may the more clearly show what was really the +poet's meaning:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Enter FERDINAND <i>bearing a Log</i>.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"<i>Fer.</i> There be some sports are painful; and their +labour</p> +<p>Delight in them sets off; some kinds of baseness</p> +<p>Are nobly undergone; and most poor matters</p> +<p>Point to rich ends. This my mean task</p> +<p>Would be as heavy to me, as odious; but</p> +<p>The mistress, which I serve, quickens what's dead,</p> +<p>And makes my labours pleasures: O! she is</p> +<p>Ten times more gentle than her father's crabbed;</p> +<p>And he's composed of harshness. I must remove</p> +<p>Some thousands of these logs, and pile them up,</p> +<p>Upon a sore injunction: My sweet mistress</p> +<p>Weeps when she sees me work; and says such business</p> +<p>Had never like executor. I forget:</p> +<p>But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours;</p> +<p>Most busy lest when I do it."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Mr. Collier reads these last two lines thus—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours;</p> +<p>Most busy, least when I do it."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>with the following note—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The meaning of this passage seems to have been misunderstood by +all the commentators. Ferdinand says that the thoughts of Miranda +so refresh his labours, that when he is most busy he seems to feel +his toil <i>least</i>. It is printed in the folio 1623,—</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>'Most busy <i>lest</i> when I do it,'</p> +</div> +</div> +<blockquote> +<p>—a trifling error of the press corrected in the folio +1632, although Theobald tells us that both the oldest editions read +<i>lest</i>. Not catching the poet's meaning, he +printed,—</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>'Most busy-<i>less</i> when I do it,'</p> +</div> +</div> +<blockquote> +<p>and his supposed emendation has ever since been taken as the +text; even Capell adopted it. I am happy in having Mr. Amyot's +concurrence in this restoration."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Mr. Knight adopts Theobald's reading, and Mr. Dyce approves it +in the following words:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"When Theobald made the emendation, 'Most busy-<i>less</i>,' he +observed that 'the corruption was so very little removed from the +truth of the text, that he could not afford to think well of his +own sagacity for having discovered it.' The correction is, indeed, +so obvious that we may well wonder that it had escaped his +predecessors; but we must wonder ten times more that one of his +successors, in a blind reverence for the old copy, should +re-vitiate the text, and defend a corruption which outrages +language, taste, and common sense."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Although at an earlier period of life I too adopted Theobald's +supposed emendation, it never satisfied me. I have my doubts +whether the word <i>busyless</i> existed in the poet's time; and if +it did, whether he could possibly have used it here. Now it is +clear that <i>labours</i> is a misprint for <i>labour</i>; else, to +what does "when I do <i>it</i>" refer? <i>Busy lest</i> is only a +typographical error for <i>busyest</i>: the double superlative was +commonly used, being considered as more emphatic, by the poet and +his contemporaries.</p> +<p>Thus in Hamlet's letter, Act ii. Sc. 2.:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"I love thee best, O <i>most best</i>."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>and in <i>King Lear</i>, Act ii. Sc. 3.:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"To take the basest and <i>most poorest</i> shape."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The passage will then stand thus:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"But these sweet thoughts, do even refresh my labour,</p> +<p>Most busiest when I do it."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The sense will be perhaps more evident by a mere transposition, +preserving every word:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"But these sweet thoughts, most busiest when I do</p> +<p>My labour, do even refresh it."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Here we have a clear sense, devoid of all ambiguity, and +confirmed by what precedes; that his labours are made pleasures, +being beguiled by these sweet thoughts of his mistress, which are +busiest when he labours, because it excites in his mind the memory +of her "weeping to see him work." The correction has also the +recommendation of being effected in so simple a manner as by merely +taking away two superfluous letters. I trust I need say no more; +secure of the approbation of those who (to use the words of an +esteemed friend on another occasion) feel "that making an opaque +spot in a great work transparent is not a labour to be scorned, and +that there is a pleasant sympathy between the critic and +bard—dead though he be—on such occasions, which is an +ample reward."</p> +<p class="author">S.W. SINGER</p> +<p>Mickleham, Aug 30. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>PUNISHMENT OF DEATH BY BURNING.</h3> +<h4>(Vol. ii., pp. 6. 50. 90. 165.)</h4> +<p>In the "NOTES AND QUERIES" of Saturday, the 10th of August, +SENEX gives some account of the burning of a female in the Old +Bailey, "about the year 1788."</p> +<p>Having myself been present at the last execution of a female in +London, where the body was burnt (being probably that to which +SENEX refers), and as few persons who were then present may now be +alive, I beg to mention some circumstances relative to that +execution, which appear to be worthy of notice.</p> +<p>Our criminal law was then most severe and cruel: the legal +punishment of females convicted of high treason and petty treason +was burning; coining was held to be high treason; and murder of a +husband was petty treason.</p> +<p>I see it stated in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, that on the +13th of March, 1789,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The Recorder of London made his report to His Majesty of the +prisoners under sentence of death in Newgate, convicted in the +Sessions of September, October, November, and January (forty-six in +number), <span class="pagenum"><a name="page261" id= +"page261"></a></span> fourteen of whom were ordered for +execution; five of whom were afterwards reprieved."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The recorder's report in regard to these unfortunate persons had +been delayed during the incapacity of the king; thus the report for +four sessions had been made at once. To have decided at one sitting +of council upon such a number of cases, must have almost been +enough to overset the strongest mind. Fortunately, these reports +are now abolished.</p> +<p>In the same number of the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, under +date the 18th of March, there is this statement,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The nine following malefactors were executed before the +Debtors' Door at Newgate pursuant to their sentence, viz., Hugh +Murphy and Christian Murphy <i>alias</i> Bowman, Jane Grace, and +Joseph Walker, for coining. [Four for burglary, and one for highway +robbery.] They were brought upon the scaffold, about half an hour +after seven, and <i>turned off</i> about a quarter past eight. The +woman for coining was brought out after the rest were turned off, +and fixed to a stake and burnt; being first strangled by the stool +being taken from under her."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This is the execution at which I was present; the number of +those who suffered, and the burning of the female, attracted a very +great crowd. Eight of the malefactors suffered on the scaffold, +then known as "the new drop." After they were suspended, the woman, +in a white dress, was brought out of Newgate alone; and after some +time spent in devotion, was hung on the projecting arm of a low +gibbet, fixed at a little distance from the scaffold. After the +lapse of a sufficient time to extinguish life, faggots were piled +around her, and over her head, so that her person was completely +covered: fire was then set to the pile, and the woman was consumed +to ashes.</p> +<p>In the following year, 1790, I heard sentence passed in the +Criminal Court, in the Old Bailey, upon other persons convicted of +coining: one of them was a female. The sentence upon her was, that +she should be "drawn to the place of execution, and there burnt +with fire till she was dead."</p> +<p>The case of this unfortunate woman, and the cruel state of the +law in regard to females, then attracted attention. On the 10th of +May, 1790, Sir Benjamin Hammett, in his place in the House of +Commons, called the attention of that House to the then state of +the law. He mentioned that it had been his official duty to attend +on the melancholy occasion of the burning of the female in the +preceding year (it is understood he was then one of the sheriffs of +London), he moved for leave to bring in a bill to alter the law, +which he characterised as—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"One of the savage remains of Norman policy, disgracing our +statute book, as the practice did the common law."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>He noticed that the sheriff who did not execute the sentence of +burning alive was liable to a prosecution; but he thanked Heaven +there was not a man in England who would carry such a sentence into +effect. He obtained leave to bring in a bill for altering this +cruel law; and in that session the Act 30 G. III. c. 48. was +passed—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"For discontinuing the judgment which has been required by law +to be given against women convicted of certain crimes, and +substituting another judgment in lieu thereof."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>A debt of gratitude is due to the memory of Sir Benjamin +Hammett, for his exertions, at that period, in the cause of +humanity. Thank God, we now live in times when the law is less +cruel, and more chary of human life.</p> +<p class="author">OCTOGENARIUS.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>A NOTE ON MORGANATIC MARRIAGES.</h3> +<p>Grimm (<i>Deutsche Rechts Alterthumer</i>, vol. ii., p. 417.), +after a long dissertation, in which it appears that the money paid +by the bridegroom to the wife's relations (I believe subsequently +also to the wife herself) had every form of a <i>purchase</i>, +possibly derived also from some <i>symbolic</i> customs common to +all northern tribes, offers the following as the origin of this +word "morganatic:"—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Es gab aber im Alterthum noch einen erlaubten Ausweg für +die Verbindung vorneluner Männer mit geringen (freien und +selbst unfreien) Frauen, den <i>Concubinat</i>, der ohne +feierliches Verlöbniss, ohne <i>Brautgabe</i> und +<i>Mitgift</i> eingegangen wurde, mithin <i>keine wahre und volle +Ehe</i>, dennoch ein rechtmässiges Verhältniss war.</p> +<p>"Da jedoch die Kirche ein solches Verhältniss missbilligte +durch keine Einsegnung weihte, so wurde es allmählich +unerlaubt und verboten als Ausnahme aber bis auf die neueste Zeit +für Fürsten zugelassen—ja durch Trauung an die +linke Hand gefeiert. Die Benennung Morganatische +Ehe,—Matrimonium ad Morganaticam (11. Feud. 29.), rührt +daher, dass <i>den Concubinen</i> eine <i>Morgangabe</i> (woraus im +Mittelalter die Lombarden '<i>Morganatica</i>' +machten)—bewilligt zu werden pflegte—<i>es waren Ehen +auf blosse Morgengabe</i>. Den Beweis liefern Urkunden, die +Morganatica für Morgengabe auch in Fallen gebrauchen wo von +wahrer Ehe die Rede ist." (See Heinecius, <i>Antiq</i>. 3. 157, +158.)</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The case now stands thus:</p> +<p>It was the custom to give money to the wife's relations on the +marriage-day.</p> +<p>It was not the custom with respect to unequal marriage +(Misheirath): this took place "ohne Brautgabe und Mitgift," which +was also of later origin.</p> +<p>The exception made by the Church for <i>princes</i>, restored +the woman so far, that the marriage was legally and morally +recognised by the Lombard law and the Church, with exceptions as +regards <i>issue</i>, and that the left hand was given for the +<i>right</i>.</p> +<p>With regard to this latter, it would be desirable <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page262" id="page262"></a></span> to trace +whether giving of the hand had any <i>symbolic</i> meaning. I think +the astrologists consider the right as the nobler part of the body; +if so, giving of <i>the left</i> in this case is not without +symbolic significance. It must be remembered how much symbolism +prevailed among the tribes which swept Europe on the fall of the +Roman empire, and their Eastern origin.</p> +<p>The Morgengabe, according to Cancianus (<i>Leges Barbarorum</i>, +tom. iv. p. 24.), was at first a <i>free gift</i> made by the +husband after the first marriage night. This was carried to such +excess, that Liutprand ordained</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Tamen ipsum Morgengabe volumus, ut non sit amplius nisi quarta +pars ejus substantia, qui ipsum Morgengabe dedit."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This became subsequently converted into a <i>right</i> termed +<i>justitia</i>.</p> +<p>Upon this extract from a charter,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Manifesta causa est mihi, quoniam die ilio quando te sposavi, +promiseram tibi dare <i>justitiam</i> tuam secundum <i>legem +meam</i> [qr. <i>my Lombard</i> law in opposition to the Roman, +which he had a right to choose,] in Morgencap, id est, quartam +portionem omnium rerum mobilium et immobilium," &c.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Cancianus thus comments:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Animadverte, quam recte charta hæc cum supra alligatis +formulis conveniat. Sponsus promiserat Morgencap, quando feminam +desponsaverat, inde vero ante conjugium chartam conscribit: et quod +et Liutprandi lege, et ex antiquis moribus <i>Donum</i> fuit mere +gratuitum, hic appellatur <i>Justitia</i> secundum legem +Langobardorum."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The Morgencap here assumes, I apprehend, somewhat the form of +<i>dower</i>. That it was so, is very doubtful. (Grimm, vol. ii. p. +441. "Morgengabe.")</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"An demselben Morgen empfängt die JungFrau von ihrem Gemahl +ein ansehnliches Geschenk, welches Morgengabe heisst. Schon in der +Pactio Guntherammi et Childeberti, werden Dos und Morganagiba +<i>unterschieden</i>, ebenso <i>Leg. Rip.</i> 37. 2. <i>Alaman</i>. +56. 1, 2. Dos und Morgangeba; <i>Lex Burgend.</i> 42. 2. Morgangeba +und das 'pretium nuptiale;' bei den Langobarden, 'Meta und +Morgengab.'"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I do not say this answers the question of your correspondent G., +which is, what is the <i>derivation</i> of the word?</p> +<p>Its actual signification, I think, means left-handed; but to +think is not to resolve, and the question is open to the charitable +contributions of your learned and able supporters.</p> +<p>As regards the Fairy Morgana, who was married to a mortal, I +confess, with your kind permission, I had rather not accept her as +a satisfactory reply. It is as though you would accept "once upon a +time" as a chronological date! She was <i>married</i> to a +mortal—true; but <i>morganatically</i>, I doubt it. If +morganatic came from this, it should appear the <i>Fairy +Morgana</i> was the <i>first lady</i> who so underwent the +ceremony. Do not forget Lurline, who married also a mortal, of whom +the poet so prettily sings:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i10">"Lurline hung her head,</p> +<p class="i10">Turned pale, and then red;</p> +<p>And declared his abruptness in popping the question</p> +<p>So soon after dinner had spoilt her digestion."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>This lady's marriage resembled the other in all respects, and I +leave you to decide, and no man is more competent, from your +extensive knowledge of the mythology of Medieval Europe, whether +Morgana, beyond the mere accident of her name, was more likely than +Lurline to have added a word with a puzzling etymology to the +languages of Europe. The word will, I think, be found of Eastern +origin, clothed in a Teutonic form.</p> +<p>After all, Jacob Grimm and Cancianus may interest your readers, +and so I send the Note.</p> +<p class="author">S.H.</p> +<p>Athenæum, Sept. 6. 1850</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MINOR NOTES.</h3> +<p><i>Alderman Beckford.</i>—Gifford (<i>Ben Jonson</i>, vol. +vi. p. 481.) has the following note:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The giants of Guildhall, thank heaven, yet defend their charge: +it only remains to wish that the citizens may take example by the +fate of Holmeby, and not expose them to an attack to which they +will assuredly be found unequal. It is not altogether owing to +their wisdom that this has not already taken place. For twenty +years they were chained to the car of a profligate buffoon, who +dragged them through every species of ignominy to the verge of +rebellion; and their hall is even yet disgraced with the statue of +a worthless negro-monger, in the act of insulting their sovereign +with a speech of which (factious and brutal as he was) <i>he never +uttered one syllable</i>." ... "By my troth, captain, these are +very bitter words."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>But Gifford was <i>generally</i> correct in his assertions; and +twenty-two years after <i>his</i> note, I made the following +one:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"It is a curious fact, but a true one, that Beckford <i>did not +utter one syllable of this speech</i>. It was penned by Horne +Tooke, and by his art put on the records of the city and on +Beckford's statue, as he told me, Mr. Braithwaite, Mr. Seyers, +&c., at the Athenian Club.</p> +<p>"ISAAC REED.</p> +<p>"See the <i>Times</i> Of July 23. 1838, p. 6."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The worshipful Company of Ironmongers have <i>relegated +their</i> statue from their hall to a lower position: but it still +disgraces the Guildhall, and will continue to do so, as long as any +factious demagogue is permitted to have a place among its +members.</p> +<p class="author">L.S.</p> +<p><i>The Frozen Horn.</i>—Perhaps it is not generally known +that the writer of <i>Munchausen's Travels</i> borrowed this +amusing incident from Heylin's <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page263" id="page263"></a></span> <i>Mikrokosmos</i>. In the +section treating of Muscovy, he says:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"This excesse of cold in the ayre, gave occasion to +<i>Castilian</i>, in his <i>Aulicus</i>, wittily and not +incongruously to faine that if two men being smewhat distant, talke +together in the winter, their words will be so frozen that they +cannot be heard: but if the parties in the spring returne to the +same place, their words will melt in the same order that they were +frozen and <i>spoken</i>, and be plainly understood."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">J.S.</p> +<p>Salisbury.</p> +<p><i>Inscription from Roma Subterranea.</i>—If you deem the +translation of this inscription, quoted in Lord Lindsay's fanciful +but admirable <i>Sketches of the History of Christian Art</i>, +worth a place among your Notes, it is very heartily at your +service.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Sisto viator</p> +<p>Tot ibi trophæa, quot ossa</p> +<p>Quot martyres, tot triumphi.</p> +<p>Antra quæ subis, multa quæ cernis marmora,</p> +<p>Vel dum silent,</p> +<p>Palam Romæ gloriam loquuntur.</p> +<p>Audi quid Echo resonet</p> +<p>Subterraneæ Romæ!</p> +<p>Obscura licet Urbis Cœmetria</p> +<p>Totius patens Orbis Theatrium!</p> +<p>Supplex Loci Sanetitatem venerare,</p> +<p>Et post hac sub luto aurum</p> +<p>Coelum sub coeno</p> +<p>Sub Româ Romam quærito!"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>Roma Subterranea</i>, 1651, tom. i. p. 625.</p> +<p>(Inscription abridged.)</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Stay, wayfarer—behold</p> +<p>In ev'ry mould'ring bone a trophy here.</p> +<p>In all these hosts of martyrs,</p> +<p>So many triumphs.</p> +<p>These vaults—these countless tombs,</p> +<p>E'en in their very silence</p> +<p>Proclaim aloud Rome's glory:</p> +<p>The echo'd fame</p> +<p>Of subterranean Rome</p> +<p>Rings on the ear.</p> +<p>The city's sepulchres, albeit hidden,</p> +<p>Present a spectacle</p> +<p>To the wide world patent.</p> +<p>In lowly rev'rence hail this hallow'd spot,</p> +<p>And henceforth learn</p> +<p>Gold beneath dross</p> +<p>Heav'n below earth,</p> +<p>Rome under Rome to find!</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">F.T.J.B.</p> +<p>Brookthorpe.</p> +<p><i>Parallel Passages.</i>—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>There is an acre sown with royal seed</i>, the copy of the +greatest change from rich to naked, from cieled roofs to arched +coffins, from <i>living like gods to die like +men</i>."—Jeremy Taylor's <i>Holy Dying</i>, chap. i. sect. +1. p. 272. ed. Edin.</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"<i>Here's an acre sown</i> indeed</p> +<p><i>With</i> the richest <i>royalest seeds</i>,</p> +<p>That the earth did e'er suck in,</p> +<p>Since the first man dyed for sin:</p> +<p>Here the bones of birth have cried,</p> +<p>Though <i>gods they were, as men they died</i>."</p> +<p>F. BEAUMONT</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">M.W. Oxon.</p> +<p><i>A Note on George Herbert's Poems.</i>—In the notes by +Coleridge attached to Pickering's edition of George Herbert's +<i>Poems</i>, on the line—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"My flesh beg<i>u</i>n unto my soul in pain,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Coleridge says—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Either a misprint, or noticeable idiom of the word +<i>began</i>: Yes! and a very beautiful idiom it is: the first +colloquy or address of the flesh."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The idiom is still in use in Scotland. "You had better not begin +to me," is the first address or colloquy of the school-boy +half-angry half-frightened at the bullying of a companion. The +idiom was once English, though now obsolete. Several instances of +it are given in the last edition of Foxe's <i>Martyrs</i>, vol. vi. +p. 627. It has not been noticed, however, that the same idiom +occurs in one of the best known passages of Shakspeare; in +Clarence's dream, <i>Richard III.</i>, Act i. Sc. 4.:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"O, then <i>began</i> the tempest <i>to</i> my soul."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Herbert's <i>Poems</i> will afford another illustration to +Shakspeare, <i>Hamlet</i>, Act iv. Sc. 7.:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And then this <i>should</i> is like a spendthrift sigh,</p> +<p>That hurts by easing."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Coleridge, in the <i>Literary Remains</i>, vol. i. p. 233., +says—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"In a stitch in the side, every one must have heaved</p> +<p>a sigh that hurts by easing."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Dr. Johnson saw its true meaning:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"It is," he says, "a notion very prevalent, that sighs impair +the strength, and wear out the animal powers."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>In allusion to this popular notion, by no means yet extinct, +Herbert says, p. 71.:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Or if some years with it (a sigh) escape</p> +<p>The sigh then only is</p> +<p>A gale to bring me sooner to my bliss."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">D.S.</p> +<p>"<i>Crede quod habes</i>," &c.—The celebrated answer +to a Protestant about the real presence, by the borrower of his +horse, is supposed to be made since the Reformation, by whom I +forget:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Quod nuper dixisti</p> +<p>De corpore Christi</p> +<p>Crede quod edis et edis;</p> +<p>Sic tibi rescribo</p> +<p>De tuo palfrido</p> +<p>Crede quod habes et habes."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>But in Wright and Halliwell's <i>Reliquiæ +Antiquæ</i>, <span class="pagenum"><a name="page264" id= +"page264"></a></span> p. 287., from a manuscript of the time +of Henry VII., is given—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Tu dixisti de corpore Christi, crede et habes</p> +<p>De palefrido sic tibi scribo, crede et habes."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">M.</p> +<p><i>Grant to the Earl of Sussex of Leave to be covered in the +Royal Presence.</i>—In editing Heylyn's <i>History of the +Reformation</i>, I had to remark of the grant made by Queen Mary to +the Earl of Sussex, that it was the only one of Heylyn's documents +which I had been unable to trace elsewhere (ii. 90.). Allow me to +state in your columns, that I have since found it in Weever's +<i>Funeral Monuments</i> (pp. 635, 636).</p> +<p class="author">J.C. ROBERTSON.</p> +<p>Bekesbourne.</p> +<p><i>The first Woman formed from a Rib</i> (Vol. ii., p. +213.).—As you have given insertion to an extract of a sermon +on the subject of the creation of Eve, I trust you will allow me to +refer your correspondent BALLIOLENSIS to Matthew Henry's commentary +on the second chapter of Genesis, from which I extract the +following beautiful explanation of the reason why the <i>rib</i> +was selected as the material whereof the woman should be +created:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Fourthly, that the woman was made of a rib out of the side of +Adam; not made out of his head to top him, nor out of his feet to +be trampled upon by him; but out of his side to be equal with him, +under his arm to be protected, and near his heart to be +beloved."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">IOTA.</p> +<p><i>Beau Brummel's Ancestry.</i>—Mr. Jesse some years back +did ample justice to the history of a "London celebrity," George +Brummell; but, from what he there stated, the following "Note" +will, I feel assured, be a novelty to him. At the time that +Brummell was considered in everything the <i>arbiter +elegantiarum</i>, the writer of this has frequently heard Lady +Monson (the widow of the second lord, and an old lady who, living +to the age of ninety-seven, had a wonderful fund of interesting +recollections) say, that this ruler of fashion was the descendant +of a very excellent servant in the family. Not long ago, some old +papers of the family being turned over, proofs corroborative of +this came to light. William Brummell, from the year 1734 to 1764, +was the faithful and confidential servant of Charles Monson, +brother of the first lord: the period would identify him with the +grandfather of the Beau; the only doubt was, that as Mr. Jesse has +ascertained that William Brummell, the grandfather, was, in the +interval above given, married, had a <i>son William</i>, and owned +a house in Bury Street, how far these facts were compatible with +his remaining as a servant living with Charles Monson, both in town +and country. Now, in 1757, Professor Henry Monson of Cambridge +being dangerously ill, his brother Charles sent William Brummell +down, as a trustworthy person, to attend to him; and in a letter +from Brummell to his master, he, with many other requisitions, +wishes that there may be sent down to him a certain glass vessel, +very useful for invalids to drink out of, and which, if not in +Spring Gardens, "may be found in <i>Bury Street</i>. It was used +when <i>Billy</i> was ill." From the familiarity of the word +"Billy," he must be speaking of his son. These facts are certainly +corroborative of the old dowager's statement.</p> +<p class="author">M(2).</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>QUERIES.</h2> +<h3>GRAY'S ELEGY AND DODSLEY POEMS.</h3> +<p>I have here, in the country, few editions of Gray's works by me, +and those not the best; for instance, I have neither of those by +the Rev. J. Mitford (excepting his Aldine edition, in one small +volume), which, perhaps, would render my present Query needless. It +relates to a line, or rather a word in the <i>Elegy</i>, which is +of some importance. In the second stanza, as the poem is usually +divided (though Mason does not give it in stanzas, because it was +not so originally written), occurs,</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>And thus the line stands in all the copies (five) I am able at +this moment to consult. But referring to Dodsley's <i>Collection of +Poems</i>, vol. iv., where it comes first, the epithet applied to +"flight" is not "droning," but <i>drony</i>—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Save where the beetle wheels his <i>drony</i> flight."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Has anybody observed upon this difference, which surely is +worthy of a Note? I cannot find that the circumstance has been +remarked upon, but, as I said, I am here without the means of +consulting the best authorities. The <i>Elegy</i>, I presume, must +have been first separately printed, and from thence transferred to +Dodsley's <i>Collection</i>; and I wish to be informed by some +person who has the earliest impression, how the line is there +given? I do not know any one to whom I can appeal on such a point +with greater confidence than to MR. PETER CUNNINGHAM, who, I know, +has a large assemblage of the first editions of our most celebrated +poets from the reign of Anne downwards, and is so well able to make +use of them. It would be extraordinary, if <i>drony</i> were the +epithet first adopted by Gray, and subsequently altered by him to +"droning," that no notice should have been taken of the +substitution by any of the poet's editors. I presume, therefore, +that it has been mentioned, and I wish to know where?</p> +<p>Now, a word or two on Dodsley's <i>Collection of Poems</i>, in +the fourth volume of which, as I have <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page265" id="page265"></a></span> stated, +Gray's-<i>Elegy</i> comes first. Dodsley's is a popular and +well-known work, and yet I cannot find <i>that anybody has given +the dates connected with it accurately</i>. If Gray's <i>Elegy</i> +appeared in it for the first time (which I do not suppose), it came +out in 1755 which is the date of vol. iv. of Dodsley's +<i>Collection</i>, and not in 1757, which is the date of the +Strawberry Hill edition of Gray's <i>Odes</i>. The Rev. J. Mitford +(Aldine edit. xxxiii.) informs us that "Dodsley published three +volumes of this <i>Collection</i> in 1752; the fourth volume was +published in 1755 and the fifth and sixth volumes, which completed +the <i>Collection</i>, in 1758." I am writing with the title-pages +of the work open before me, and I find that the first three volumes +were published, not in 1752, but in 1748, and that even this was +the second edition so that there must have been an edition of the +first three volumes, either anterior to 1748, or earlier in that +year. The sale of the work encouraged Dodsley to add a fourth +volume in 1755, and two others in 1758 and the plate of Apollo and +the Muses was re-engraved for vols. v. and vi., because the +original copper, which had served for vols. i., ii., iii., and iv., +was so much worn.</p> +<p>This matter will not seem of such trifling importance to those +who bear in mind, that if Gray's <i>Elegy</i> did not originally +come out in this <i>Collection</i> in 1755, various other poems of +great merit and considerable popularity did then make their +earliest appearance.</p> +<p class="author">THE HERMIT OF HOLYPORT.</p> +<p>Sept. 1850.</p> +<p>P.S. My attention has been directed to the subject of Gray's +<i>Poems</i>, and particularly to his <i>Elegy</i>, by a recent +pilgrimage I made to Stoke Poges, which is only five or six miles +from this neighbourhood. The church and the poet's monument to his +mother are worth a much longer walk; but the mausoleum to Gray, in +the immediate vicinity, is a preposterous edifice. The residence of +Lady Cobham has been lamentably modernised.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>HUGH HOLLAND AND HIS WORKS.</h3> +<p>The name of Hugh Holland has been handed down to posterity in +connexion with that of our immortal bard; but few know anything of +him beyond his commendatory verses prefixed to the first folio of +Shakspeare.</p> +<p>He was born at Denbigh in 1558, and educated at Westminster +School while Camden taught there. In 1582 he matriculated at Baliol +College, Oxford; and about 1590 he succeeded to a Fellowship at +Trinity College, Cambridge. Thence he travelled into Italy, and at +Rome was guilty of several indiscretions by the freedom of his +conversations. He next went to Jerusalem to pay his devotions at +the Holy Sepulchre, and on his return touched at Constantinople, +where he received a reprimand from the English ambassador for the +former freedom of his tongue. At his return to England, he retired +to Oxford, and, according to Wood, spent some years there for the +sake of the public library. He died in July, 1633, and was buried +in Westminster Abbey, "in the south crosse aisle, neere the dore of +St. Benet's Chapell," but no inscription now remains to record the +event.</p> +<p>Whalley, in Gifford's <i>Jonson</i> (1. cccxiv.), says, speaking +of Hugh Holland—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"He wrote several things, amongst which is the life of Camden; +but none of them, I believe, have been ever published."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Holland published two works, the titles of which are as follows, +and perhaps others which I am not aware of:—</p> +<p>1. "Monumenta Sepulchralia Sancti Pauli. Lond. 1613. 4to."</p> +<p>2. "A Cypres Garland for the Sacred Forehead of our late +Soveraigne King James. Lond. 1625. 4to."</p> +<p>The first is a catalogue of the monuments, inscriptions, and +epitaphs in the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, which Nicolson calls +"a mean and dull performance." It was, at any rate, very popular, +being printed again in the years 1616, 1618, and 1633.</p> +<p>The second is a poetical tract of twelve leaves, of the greatest +possible rarity.</p> +<p>Holland also printed commendatory verses before a curious +musical work, entitled <i>Parthenia, or the Maydenhead of the First +Musick for the Virginalls</i>, 1611; and a copy of Latin verses +before Dr. Alexander's <i>Roxana</i>, 1632.</p> +<p>In one of the Lansdowne MSS. are preserved the following verses +written upon the death of Prince Henry, by "Hugh Hollande, fellow +of Trinity College, Cambridge:"—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Loe, where he shineth yonder</p> +<p>A fixed Star in heaven,</p> +<p>Whose motion here came under</p> +<p>None of the planets seven.</p> +<p>If that the Moone should tender</p> +<p>The Sun her love, and marry,</p> +<p>They both could not engender</p> +<p>So sweet a star as HARRY."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Our author was evidently a man of some poetical fancy, and if +not worthy to be classed "among the chief of English poets," he is +at least entitled to a niche in the temple of fame.</p> +<p>My object in calling attention to this long forgotten author is, +to gain some information respecting his manuscript works. According +to Wood, they consist of—1. Verses in Description of the +chief Cities of Europe; 2. Chronicle of Queen Elizabeth's reign; 3. +Life of William Camden.</p> +<p>Can any of your readers say in whose possession, <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page266" id="page266"></a></span> or in +what library, any of the above mentioned MSS. are at the present +time? I should also feel obliged for any communication respecting +Hugh Holland or his works, more especially frown original sources, +or books not easily accessible.</p> +<p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>HARVEY'S CLAIM TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE CIRCULATION OF THE +BLOOD.</h3> +<p>I have both a Note and a Query about Harvey and the circulation +of the blood (Vol. ii., p. 187.). The Note refers to Philostratus +(<i>Life of Apollorius</i>, p. 461., ed. 1809), <i>Nouvelles de la +République des Lettres</i>, June, 1684, xi.; and Dutens pp. +157-341. 4to. ed. 1796. I extract the passage from <i>Les +Nouvelles</i>:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"On voit avec plaisir un passage d'André Cæsalpinus +qui contient fort clairement la doctrine de la circrilation. Il est +tiré de ses Questions sur la médecine +imprimées l'an 1593. Jean Leonicenas ajoûte que le +père Paul découvrit la circulation du sang, et les +valvules des veines, mais qu'il n'osa pas en parler, de peur +d'exciter contre luy quelque tempête. Il n'etois +déjà que trop suspect, et il n'eut fallu que ce +nouveau paradoxe pour le transformer en hérétique +dans le pais d'inquisition. Si bien qu'il ne communiqua son secret +qu'au seul Aquapendente, qui n'osant s'exposer à l'envie.... +Il attendit à l'heure de sa mort pour mettre le livre qu'il +avoit composé touchant les valvules des veines entre les +mains de la république de Venise, et comme les moindres +nouveautez font peur en cc pais-là, le livre fut +caché dans le billiothèque de Saint Marc. Mais +parcequ' Aquapendente ne fit pas difficulté de s'ouvrir +à un jeune Anglois fort curieux nommé Harvée, +qui étudioit sous lui a Padouë, et qu'en même +temps le père Paul fit a même confidence à +l'Ambassadeur d'Angleterre, ces deux Anglois de retour chez eux, et +se voyant en pais de liberté, publièrent ce dogme, et +l'ayant confirmé par plusieurs expériences, s'en +attribuèrent toute la gloire."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The Query is, what share Harvey had in the discovery attributed +to him?</p> +<p class="author">W.W.B.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>Minor Queries.</h3> +<p><i>Bernardus Patricius.</i>—Some writers mention +<i>Bernardus</i> Patricius as a follower of Copernicus, about the +time of Galileo. Who was he?</p> +<p class="author">M.</p> +<p><i>Meaning of Hanger.</i>—Can any one of your readers +inform me, what is the meaning of the word <i>hanger</i>, so +frequently occurring in the names of places in Bedfordshire, such +as Panshanger?</p> +<p class="author">W. Anderson</p> +<p><i>Cat and Bagpipes.</i>—In studying some letters which +passed between two distinguished philosophers of the last century, +I have found in one epistle a request that the writer might be +remembered "to his friends at the Crown and Anchor, and the <i>Cat +and Bagpipes</i>." The letter was addressed to a party in London, +where doubtless, both those places of entertainment were. The Crown +and Anchor was the house where the Royal Society Club held its +convivial meetings. Can you inform me where the Cat and Bagpipes +was situated, and what literary and scientific club met there? The +name seems to have been a favourite one for taverns, and, if I +mistake not, is common in Ireland. Is it a corruption of some +foreign title, as so many such names are, or merely a grotesque and +piquant specimen of sign-board literature?</p> +<p class="author">Quasimodo.</p> +<p><i>Andrew Becket.</i>—A.W. Hammond will feel obliged for +any information respecting Andrew Becket, Esq., who died 19th +January, 1843, æt. 95, and to whose memory there is a +handsome monument in Kennington Church. According to that +inscription, he was "ardently devoted to the pursuits of +literature," personally acquainted in early life with the most +distinguished authors of his day, long the intimate friend of David +Garrick, "and a profound commentator on the dramatic works of +Shakspeare." Can any of the learned readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" +satisfy this Query?</p> +<p><i>Laurence Minot.</i>—Is any other MS. of Minot known, +besides the one from which Ritson drew his text? Is there any other +edition of this poet besides Ritson's, and the reprints +thereof?</p> +<p class="author">E.S. JACKSON.</p> +<p><i>Modena Family.</i>—When did Victor Amadeus, King of +Sardinia, die? When did his daughter, Mary Duchess of Modena, die, +(the mother of the present Duke of Modena, and through whom he is +the direct heir of the House of Stuart)?</p> +<p class="author">L.M.M.R.</p> +<p><i>Bamboozle.</i>—What is the etymology of +<i>bamboozle</i>, used as a verb?</p> +<p class="author">L.M.M.R.</p> +<p><i>Butcher's Blue Dress.</i>—What is the origin of the +custom, which seems all but universal in England, for butchers to +wear a blouse or frock of <i>blue</i> colour? Though so common in +this country as to form a distinctive mark of the trade, and to be +almost a butcher's uniform, it is, I believe, unknown on the +continent. Is it a custom which has originate in some supposed +utility, or in the official dress of a guild or company, or in some +accident of which a historical notice has been preserved?</p> +<p class="author">L.</p> +<p><i>Hatchment and Atchievement.</i>—Can any one of the +readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" tell me how comes the corruption +<i>hatchment</i> from <i>atchievement</i>? Ought the English word +to be spelt with a <i>t</i>, or thus, <i>achievement</i>? Why are +hatchments put up in churches and on houses?</p> +<p class="author">W. ANDERSON.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page267" id="page267"></a></span>"<i>Te colui Virtutem</i>."—Who is the author of the +line—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Te colui virtutem ut rem ast tu nomen inane es?"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>It is a translation of part of a Greek tragic fragment, quoted, +according to Dio Cassius, by Brutus just before his death. As much +as is here translated is also to be found in Plutarch <i>De +Superstitione</i>.</p> +<p class="author">E.</p> +<p>"<i>Illa suavissima Vita</i>."—Where does "Illa suavissima +vita indies sentire se fieri meliorem" come from?</p> +<p class="author">E.</p> +<p><i>Christianity, Early Influence of.</i>—"The beneficial +influence of the Christian clergy during the first thousand years +of the Christian era."</p> +<p>What works can be recommended on the above subject?</p> +<p class="author">X.Y.Z.</p> +<p><i>Wraxen, Meaning of.</i>—What is the origin and meaning +of the word <i>wraxen</i>, which was used by a Kentish woman on +being applied to by a friend of mine to send her children to the +Sunday-school, in the following sentence?—"Why, you see, they +go to the National School all the week, and get so <i>wraxen</i>, +that I cannot send them to the Sunday School too."</p> +<p class="author">G.W. Skyring.</p> +<p><i>Saint, Legend of a.</i>—Can any of your correspondents +inform me where I can find the account of some saint who, when +baptizing a heathen, inadvertently pierced the convert's foot with +the point of his crozier. The man bore the pain without flinching, +and when the occurrence was discovered, he remarked that he thought +it was part of the ceremony?</p> +<p class="author">J.Y.C.</p> +<p><i>Land Holland—Farewell.</i>—In searching some +Court Rolls a few days since, I found some land described as "Land +Holland" or "Hollandland." I have been unable to discover the +meaning of this expression, and should be glad if any of your +correspondents can help me.</p> +<p>In the same manor there is custom for the tenant to pay a sum as +a <i>farewell</i> to the lord on sale or alienation: this payment +is in addition to the ordinary fine, &c. Query the origin and +meaning of this?</p> +<p class="author">J.B.C.</p> +<p><i>Stepony Ale.</i>—Chamberlayne, in his <i>Present State +of England</i> (part. i. p. 51., ed. 1677), speaking of the "Dyet" +of the people, thus enumerates the prevailing beverages of the +day:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Besides all sorts of the best wines from Spain, France, Italy, +Germany, Grecia, there are sold in London above twenty sorts of +other drinks: as brandy, coffee, chocolate, tea, aromatick, mum, +sider, perry, beer, ale; many sorts of ales very different, as +cock, <i>stepony</i>, stickback, Hull, North-Down, Sambidge, +Betony, scurvy-grass, sage-ale, &c. A piece of wantonness +whereof none of our ancestors were ever guilty."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>It will be observed that the ales are named in some instances +from localities, and in others from the herbs of which they were +decoctions. Can any of your readers tell me anything of Stepony +ale? Was it ale brewed at Stepney?</p> +<p class="author">James T. Hammack</p> +<p>"<i>Regis ad Exemplar</i>."—Can you inform me whence the +following line is taken?</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Regis ad exemplar totus componitur orbis."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">Q.Q.Q.</p> +<p>"<i>La Caconacquerie</i>".—Will one of your numerous +correspondents be kind enough to inform me what is the true +signification and derivation of the word "caconac?" D'Alembert, +writing to Voltaire concerning Turgot, says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"You will find him an excellent <i>caconac</i>, though he has +reasons for not avowing it:—la caconacquerie ne mène +pas à la fortune."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">Ardern.</p> +<p><i>London Dissenting Ministers: Rev. Thomas +Tailer.</i>—Not being entirely successful in my Queries with +regard to "London Dissenting Ministers" (Vol. i., pp. 383. 444. +454.), I will state a circumstance which, possibly, may assist some +one of your correspondents in furnishing an answer to the second of +those inquiries.</p> +<p>In the lines immediately referred to, where certain +Nonconformist ministers of the metropolis are described under +images taken from the vegetable world, the late Rev. Thomas Tailer +(of Carter Lane), whose voice was feeble and trembling, is thus +spoken of:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Tailer tremulous as aspen leaves."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>But in verses afterwards circulated, if not printed, the censor +was rebuked as follows:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Nor tell of Tailer's trembling voice so weak,</p> +<p>While from his lips such charming accents break,</p> +<p>And every virtue, every Christian grace,</p> +<p>Within his bosom finds a ready place."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>No encomium could be more deserved, none more seasonably offered +or more appropriately conveyed. I knew Mr. Tailer, and am pleased +in cherishing recollections of him.</p> +<p class="author">W.</p> +<p><i>Mistletoe as a Christmas Evergreen.</i>—Can any of your +readers inform me at what period of time the mistletoe came to be +recognised as a Christmas evergreen? I am aware it played a great +part in those ceremonies of the ancient Druids which took place +towards the end of the year, but I cannot find any allusion to it, +in connexion with the Christian festival, before the time of +Herrick. You are of course aware, that there are still in existence +some five or six very curious old carols, of as early, or even an +earlier date than the fifteenth century, in praise of the holly or +the ivy, which said carols used to be sung during the Christmas +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page268" id= +"page268"></a></span> festivities held by our forefathers but +I can discover no allusion even to the mistletoe for two centuries +later. If any of your readers should be familiar with any earlier +allusion in prose, but still more particularly in verse, printed or +in manuscript, I shall feel obliged by their pointing it out.</p> +<p class="author">V.</p> +<p><i>Poor Robin's Almanacks.</i>—I am anxious to ascertain +in which public or private library is to be found the most complete +collection of Poor Robin's <i>Almanacks</i>: through the medium of +your columns, I may, perhaps, glean the desired information.</p> +<p class="author">V.</p> +<p><i>Sirloin.</i>—When on a visit, a day or two since, to +the very interesting <i>ruin</i> (for so it must be called) of +Haughton Castle, near Blackburn, Lancashire, I heard that the +origin of this word was the following freak of James I. in his +visit to the castle; a visit, by the way, which is said to have +ruined the host, and to have been not very profitable even to all +his descendants. A magnificent loin of meat being placed on the +table before his Majesty, the King was so struck with its size and +excellence, that he drew his sword, and cried out, "By my troth, +I'll knight thee, Sir Loin!" and then and there the title was +given; a title which has been honoured, unlike other knighthoods, +by a goodly succession of illustrious heirs. Can any of your +correspondents vouch for the truth of this?</p> +<p class="author">H.C.</p> +<p>Bowden, Manchester.</p> +<p><i>Thomson of Esholt.</i>—In the reign of Henry VIII. arms +were granted to Henry Thomson, of Esholt, co. York, one of that +monarch's gentlemen-at-arms at Boulogne. The grant was made by +Laurence Dalton, Norroy. The shield was—Per fesse embattled, +ar. and sa., three falcons, belted, countercharged—a +<i>bend</i> sinister. Crest: An armed arm, embowed, holding a +lance, erect. Families of the name of Thompson, bearing the same +shield, have been seated at Kilham, Scarborough, Escrick, and other +places in Yorkshire. My inquiries are,—</p> +<p>1. Will any of your readers by kind enough to inform me where +any mention is made of this grant, and the circumstances under +which it was made?</p> +<p>2. Whether any <i>ancient</i> monuments, or heraldic bearings of +the family, are still extant in any parts of Yorkshire?</p> +<p>3. Whether any work on Yorkshire genealogies exists, and what is +the best to be consulted?</p> +<p class="author">JAYTEE.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>Replies to Minor Queries.</h3> +<p><i>Pension</i> (Vol. ii., p. 134.).—In the <i>Dictionnaire +Universelle</i>, 1775, vol. ii. p. 203., I find the following +explanation of the French word <i>Pension</i>:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Somme qu'on donne pour la nourriture et le logement de +quelqu'un. <i>Il se dit aussi du lieu où l'on donne à +manger.</i>"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>May not the meeting of the benchers have derived its name for +their dining-room in which they assembled?</p> +<p class="author">BRAYBROOKE.</p> +<p><i>Execution of Charles I.</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 72. 110-140. +158.).—In Lilly's <i>History of his Life and Times</i>, I +find the following interesting account in regard to the vizored +execution of Charles I., being part of the evidence he gave when +examined before the first parliament of King Charles II. respecting +the matter. Should any of your correspondents be able to +substantiate this, or produce more conclusive evidence in +determining who the executioner was, I shall be extremely obliged. +Lilly writes,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Liberty being given me to speak, I related what follows: viz., +That the next Sunday but one after Charles I. was beheaded, Robert +Spavin Secretary to Lieutenant-General Cromwell at that time, +invited himself to dine with me, and brought Anthony Pearson and +several others along with him to dinner. That their principal +discourse all dinner time was only who it was that beheaded the +king. One said it was the common hangman; another, Hugh Peters; +others were also nominated, but none concluded. Robert Spavin, so +soon as dinner was done, took me by the hand, and carried me to the +south window. Saith he, 'These are all mistaken; they have not +named the man that did the fact: it was Lieutenant-Colonel Joice. I +was in the room when he fitted himself for the work; stood behind +him when he did it; when done, went in with him again: there is no +man knows this but my master, viz. Cromwell, Commissary Ireton, and +myself.'—'Doth Mr. Rushworth know it?' saith I. 'No, he doth +not know it,' saith Spavin. The same thing Spavin since has often +related to me, when we were alone."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">R.W.E.</p> +<p>Cheltenham.</p> +<p><i>Paper Hangings</i> (Vol. ii., p. 134.).—"It was on the +walls of this drawing-room (the king's at Kensington Palace) that +the then new art of paper-hangings, in imitation of the old velvet +flock, was displayed with an effect that soon led to the adoption +of so cheap and elegant a manufacture, in preference to the +original rich material from which it was copied."—W.H. Pyne's +<i>Royal Residences</i>, vol. ii. p. 75.</p> +<p class="author">M.W.</p> +<p><i>Black-guard.</i>—There are frequent entries among those +of deaths of persons attached to the Palace of Whitehall, in the +registers of St. Margaret's, Westminster, of "——, one +of the blake garde." about the year 1566, and later. In the +Churchwarden's Accompts we find—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"1532. Pd. for licence of 4 torchis for Black Garde, vj. d."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The royal Halberdiers carried black bills. (Grose, <i>Milit. +Antiq.</i>, vol. i. p. 124.) In 1584 they behaved <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page269" id="page269"></a></span> with +great cruelty in Ireland. (Cornp. Peck's <i>Des. Curios.</i>, vol. +i. p. 155.) So Stainhurst, in his <i>Description</i>, says of bad +men: "They are taken for no better than rakehells, or the devil's +blacke guarde."—Chap. 8. Perhaps, in distinction to the gaily +dressed military guard, the menial attendants in a royal progress +were called black-guards from their dull appearance.</p> +<p>I remember a story current in Dublin, of a wicked wag telling a +highly respectable old lady, who was asking, where were the +quarters of the guards, in which corps her son was a private, to +inquire at the lodge of Trinity College if he was not within those +learned walls, as the "black guards were lying there."</p> +<p class="author">M.W.</p> +<p><i>Pilgrims' Road</i> (Vol. ii., p. 237.).—Your +correspondent S.H., in noticing the old track "skirting the base of +the chalk hills," and known by the name of the "Pilgrims' Road," +has omitted to state that its commencement is at Oxford,—a +fact of importance, inasmuch as that the Archbishops of Canterbury +had there a handsome palace (the ruins of which still exist), which +is said to have been the favourite residence of Thomas à +Becket. The tradition in the county thereupon is, that his memory +was held in such sanctity in that neighbourhood as to cause a vast +influx of pilgrims annually from thence to his shrine at +Canterbury; and the line of road taken by them can still be traced, +though only portions of it are now used as a highway. The +direction, however, in which it runs makes it clear (as S.H., no +doubt, is aware) that it cannot be Chaucer's road.</p> +<p>While on the subject of old roads, I may add that a tradition +here exists that the direct road between London and Tunbridge did +not pass through Sevenoaks; and a narrow lane which crosses the +Pilgrims' road near Everham is pointed out as the former highway, +and by which Evelyn must have been journeying (passing close, +indeed, to the seat of his present descendant at St. Clere) when he +met with that amusing robber-adventure at Procession Oak.</p> +<p class="author">M(2).</p> +<p><i>Pilgrims' Road to Canterbury.</i>—In the +<i>Athenæum</i> of Nov. 2nd, 1844, there is a notice of +<i>Remarks upon Wayside Chapels; with Observations on the +Architecture and present State of the Chantry on Wakefield +Bridge</i>: By John Chessell and Charles Buckler—in which the +reviewer says—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"In our pedestrianism we have traced the now desolate ruins of +several of these chapels along the old pilgrims' road to +Canterbury."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>If this writer would give us the results of his pedestrianism, +it would be acceptable to <i>all</i> the lovers of Chaucer. I do +not know whether PHILO-CHAUCER will find anything to his purpose in +the pamphlet reviewed.</p> +<p class="author">E.S. JACKSON.</p> +<p><i>Combs buried with the Dead.</i>—In Vol. ii., p. 230., +the excellent vicar of Morwenstow asks the reason why combs are +found in the graves of St. Cuthbert and others, monks, in the +cathedral church of Durham. I imagine that they were the combs used +at the first tonsure of the novices, to them a most interesting +memorial of that solemn rite through life, and from touching +affection to the brotherhood among whom they had dwelt, buried with +them at their death.</p> +<p class="author">M.W.</p> +<p><i>The Comb</i>, concerning "the origin and intent" of which MR. +HAWKER (Vol. ii., p. 230.) seeks information, was for ritual use; +and its purposes are fully described in Dr. Rock's <i>Church of our +Fathers</i>, t. ii. p. 122., &c.</p> +<p class="author">LITURGICUS.</p> +<p><i>Aërostation.</i>—C.B.M. will find in the +<i>Athenæum</i> for August 10th, 1850, a notice of a book on +this subject.</p> +<p class="author">E.S. JACKSON.</p> +<p><i>St. Thomas of Lancaster</i> (Vol. i., p. 181.).—MR. +R.M. MILNES desires information relative to "St. Thomas of +Lancaster." This personage was Earl of Leicester as well as Earl of +Lancaster; and I find in the archives of this borough numerous +entries relative to him,—of payments made to him by the +burgesses. Of these mention is made in a <i>History of +Leicester</i> recently published. The most curious fact I know of +is, that on the dissolution of the monasteries here, several relics +of St. Thomas, among others, his felt hat, was exhibited. The hat +was considered a great remedy for the headache!</p> +<p class="author">JAYTEE.</p> +<p><i>Smoke Money</i> (Vol. ii., p. 120.).—"Anciently, even +in England, were Whitsun farthings, or smoke farthings, which were +a composition for offerings made in Whitsun week, by every man who +occupied a house with a chimney, to the cathedral of the diocese in +which he lived."—Audley's <i>Companion to the Almanac</i>, p. +76.</p> +<p>Pentecostals, or Whitsun Farthings, are mentioned by Pegge as +being paid in 1788 by the parishioners of the diocese of Lichfield, +in aid of the repairs of the cathedral, to the dean and chapter; +but he makes no allusion to the word <i>smoke</i>, adding only that +in this case the payment went by the name of Chad-pennies, or +Chad-farthings, the cathedral there being dedicated to St. +Chad.</p> +<p class="author">C.I.R.</p> +<p><i>Robert Herrick</i> (Vol. i., p. 291.).—MR. MILNER BARRY +states that he found an entry of the burial of the poet Herrick in +the parish books of Dean Prior. As MR. BARRY seems interested in +the poet, I would inform him that a voluminous collection of family +letters of early date is now in the possession of William Herrick, +Esq., of Beaumanor Park, the present representative of that ancient +and honourable house.</p> +<p class="author">JAYTEE.</p> +<p><i>Guildhalls.</i>—The question in Vol. i., p. 320., +relative to guildhalls, provokes an inquiry into <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page270" id="page270"></a></span> guilds. +In the erudite and instructive work of Wilda on the <i>Guild System +of the Middle Ages (Gildenwesen im Mittelälter)</i> will be +found to be stated that guilds were associations of various +kinds,—convivial, religions, and mercantile, and so on; and +that places of assembly were adopted by them. A guild-house where +eating and drinking took place, was to be met with in most villages +in early times: and these, I fancy, were the guild-halls. On this +head consult Hone's <i>Every-day Book</i>, vol. ii. p. 670., and +elsewhere, in connexion with Whitsuntide holidays.</p> +<p class="author">JAYTEE.</p> +<p><i>Abbé Strickland</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 198. +237.).—The fullest account of the Abbé Strickland, +<i>Bishop of Namur</i>, is to be found in Lord Hervey's +<i>Memoirs</i> (Vol. i., p. 391.), and a most curious account it is +of that profligate intriguer.</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p><i>Long Lonkin</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 168. 251.).—This ballad +does not relate to Cumberland, but to Northumberland. This error +was committed by Miss Landon (in the <i>Drawing-room Scrap-book</i> +for 1835), to whom a lady of this town communicated the fragment +through the medium of a friend. Its real locality is a ruined +tower, seated on the corner of an extensive earth-work surrounded +by a moat, on the western side of Whittle Dean, near Ovingham. +Since this period, I have myself taken down many additional verses +from the recitation of the adjacent villagers, and will be happy to +afford any further information to your inquirer, SELEUCUS.</p> +<p class="author">G. BOUCHIER RICHARDSON.</p> +<p>Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Sept. 7. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Havock</i> (Vol. ii., p. 215.).—The presumed object of +literary men being the investigation of truth, your correspondent +JARLTZBERG will, I trust, pardon me for suggesting that his +illustration of the word <i>havock</i> is incomplete, and +especially with reference to the line of Shakspeare which he has +quoted:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Cry havock! and let slip the dogs of war."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Grose, in his <i>History of English Armour</i>, vol. ii. p. 62., +says that <i>havok</i> was the word given as a signal for the +troops to disperse and pillage, as may be learned from the +following article in the <i>Droits of the Marshal</i>, vol. ii. p. +229., wherein it is declared, that—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"In the article of plunder, all the sheep and hogs belong to +such private soldiers as can take them; and that on the word havok +being cried, every one might seize his part; but this probably was +only a small part of the licence supposed to be given by the +word."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>He also refers to the ordinance of Richard II.</p> +<p>In agreeing with your correspondent that the use of this word +was the signal for general massacre, unlimited slaughter, and +giving no quarter, as well as taking plunder in the manner +described above, the omission of which I have to complain is, that, +in stating no one was to raise the cry, under penalty of losing his +head, he did not add the words, "the king excepted." It was a royal +act; and Shakspeare so understood it to be; as will appear from the +passage referred to, if fully and fairly quoted:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And Cæsar's spirit, ranging for revenge,</p> +<p>With Até by his side, come hot from hell,</p> +<p>Shall in these confines, <i>with a monarch's voice</i>,</p> +<p>Cry Havock! and let slip the dogs of war."</p> +<p class="i10"><i>Julius Cæsar</i> Act iii.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>It is not at this moment in my power to assist F.W. with the +reference to the history of Bishop Berkeley's giant, though it +exists somewhere in print. The subject of the experiment was a +healthy boy, who died in the end, in consequence of over-growth, +promoted (as far as my recollection serves me) principally by a +peculiar diet.</p> +<p class="author">W(1).</p> +<p><i>Becket's Mother.</i>—I do not pretend to explain the +facts mentioned by MR. FOSS (Vol. ii., p. 106.), that the hospital +founded in honour of Becket was called "The Hospital of St. Thomas +the Martyr, <i>of Acon</i>;" and that he was himself styled "St. +Thomas <i>Acrenis</i>, or <i>of Acre</i>;" but I believe that the +true explanation must be one which would not be a hindrance to the +rejection of the common story as to the Archbishop's birth. +<i>If</i> these titles were intended to connect the Saint with Acre +in Syria, they may have originated after the legend had become +popular. But it seems to me more likely, that, like some other city +churches and chapels, that of St. Thomas got its designation from +something quite unconnected with the history of the patron. In +particular, I would ask what is the meaning of "St. Nicolas +<i>Acons</i>?" And may not the same explanation (whatever it be) +serve for "St. Thomas <i>of Acon</i>?" Or the hospital may have +been built on some noted "acre" (like <i>Long Acre</i> and +<i>Pedlars Acre</i>); and if afterwards churches in other places +were consecrated to St. Thomas under the designation "<i>of +Acre</i>," (as to which point I have no information), the churches +of "our Lady <i>of Loretto</i>," scattered over various countries, +will supply a parallel. As to the inference which Mr. Nichols +(<i>Pilgrimages</i>, p. 120.) draws from the name <i>Acrensis</i>, +that Becket was <i>born at</i> Acre, I must observe that it +introduces a theory which is altogether new, and not only opposed +to the opinion that the Archbishop was of English or Norman descent +on both sides, but <i>essentially</i> contradictory of the legend +as to the fair Saracen who came from the East in search of her +lover.</p> +<p class="author">J.C.R.</p> +<p><i>Watching the Sepulchre</i> (Vol. i., pp. 318. 354. +403.).—In the parish books of Leicester various entries +respecting the Sepulchre occur. In the year 1546, when a sale took +place of the furniture of St. Martin's Church, the "Sepulchre +light" was <span class="pagenum"><a name="page271" id= +"page271"></a></span> sold to Richard Rainford for 21<i>s.</i> +10<i>d.</i> In the reign of Queen Mary gatherings were made for the +"Sepulchre lights;" timber for making the lights cost 5<i>s.</i>; +the light itself, 4<i>s.</i>; and painting the Sepulchre, and a +cloth for "our lady's altar," cost 1<i>s.</i> 10<i>d.</i> Facts +like these might be multiplied.</p> +<p class="author">JAYTEE.</p> +<p><i>Portraits of Charles I. in Churches</i> (Vol. i., pp. 137. +184.).—In reference to this I have to state, that in the +south aisle of the church of St. Martin, in Leicester, a painting +of this kind is yet to be seen, or was lately. It was executed by a +Mr. Rowley, for 10<i>l.</i>, in the year 1686. It represents the +monarch in a kneeling attitude.</p> +<p class="author">JAYTEE.</p> +<p><i>Joachim, the French Ambassador</i> (Vol. ii., p. +229.).—In Rapin's <i>History of England</i> I find this +ambassador described as "Jean-Joachim de Passau, Lord of Vaux." +This may assist AMICUS.</p> +<p class="author">J.B.C.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>MISCELLANEOUS</h2> +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> +<p>The Rev. Mackenzie Walcott, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford, +whose pleasant gossiping <i>Memorials of Westminster</i>, and +<i>History of St. Margaret's Church</i>, are no doubt familiar to +many of our readers, is, as an old Wykehamist, collecting +information for a "History of Commoners and the Two S. Marie Winton +Colleges;" and will feel obliged by lists of illustrious alumni, +and any notes, archæological and historical, about that noble +school, which will be duly acknowledged.</p> +<p>The <i>Cambrian Archæological Association</i>, which was +established in 1846 for the purpose of promoting the study and +preservation of the antiquities of Wales and the Marches, held its +fourth anniversary meeting in the ancient and picturesque town of +Dolgelly, during the week commencing the 26th ultimo. The +Association is endeavouring to extend its usefulness by enlarging +the number of its members; and as its subscribing members receive +in return for their yearly pound, not only the Society's Journal, +the <i>Archæologia Cambrensis</i> but also the annual volume +of valuable archæological matter published by the +Association, we cannot doubt but their exertions will meet the +sympathy and patronage of all who take an interest in the national +and historical remains of the principality.</p> +<p>The preceding paragraph was scarcely finished when we received +proof of the utility of the Association in Mr. Freeman's volume, +entitled <i>Remarks on the Architecture of Llandaff Cathedral, with +an Essay towards a History of the Fabric</i>—a volume which, +as we learn from the preface, had its origin in the observations on +some of the more singular peculiarities of the fabric made by the +author at the Cardiff meeting of the Association in 1849. These +remarks were further developed in a paper in the +<i>Archæologia Cambrensis</i>; and have now been expanded +into the present descriptive and historical account of a building +which, to use Mr. Freeman's words, "in many respects, both of its +history and architecture, stands quite alone among English +churches." Mr. Freeman's ability to do justice to such a subject is +well known: and his work will therefore assuredly find a welcome +from the numerous body of students of church architecture now to be +found in this country; and to their judgments we leave it.</p> +<p><i>Notes on Bishop Jeremy Taylor's Works.</i> A reprint being +called for of vol. vi. of the present edition of Bishop Taylor's +works, the Editor will be glad of any assistance towards verifying +the references which have been omitted. The volume is to go to +press early in October.</p> +<p>Messrs. Puttick and Simpson will commence on Monday next a six +days' sale of valuable books in all classes of literature; +oriental, and other manuscripts; autograph letters; engravings, +miniatures, paintings, &c.</p> +<p>Messrs. Southgate and Barrett will sell on Tuesday next some +fine portraits and engravings; together with a very interesting and +extensive collection of nearly 200 original proclamations +(extending from 1631 to 1695), two books printed by Pynson, unknown +to bibliographers (viz. <i>Aphthonii Sophistæ +Præxercitamenta</i> and <i>Ciceronis Orationes +Philippicæ</i> and a few valuable MSS).</p> +<hr /> +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3> +<h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h4> +<p>ESSAYS, SCRIPTURAL, MORAL, AND LOGICAL, by W. and T. Ludlam. 2 +vols. 8vo. London, 1807.</p> +<p>ELDERFIELD (C.), DISQUISITIONS ON REGENERATION, BAPTISM, +&c., 4to. London, 1653.</p> +<p>DODWELL (HENRY, M.A.), DISCOURSE PROVING FROM SCRIPTURES THAT +THE SOUL IS A PRINCIPLE NATURALLY MORTAL, &c.</p> +<p>THE TALE OF A TUB REVERSED, for the universal Improvement of +Mankind, with a character of the Author.</p> +<p>REFLECTIONS ON MR. BURCHET'S MEMOIRS, or, Remarks on his Account +of Captain Wilmot's Expedition to the West Indies, by Col. Luke +Lillingston. 1704. [Two copies wanted.]</p> +<p>SEVEN CHAMPIONS OF CHRISTENDUM. [Any Edition before 1700.]</p> +<p>CHAUCER'S CANTERBURY TALES AND OTHER POEMS, 2 vols. 12mo. +[Cumberland's Edition.]</p> +<p>Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage +free</i>, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," +186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>Notices to Correspondents.</h3> +<p>VOLUME THE FIRST OF NOTES AND QUERIES, <i>with Title-page and +very copious Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, +and may be had, by order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen.</i></p> +<p>NOTES AND QUERIES <i>may be procured by the Trade at noon on +Friday: so that our country Subscribers ought to experience no +difficulty in receiving it regularly. Many of the country +Booksellers are probably not yet aware of this arrangement, which +enables them to receive Copies in their Saturday parcels.</i></p> +<p>W.A. <i>will find an article on</i> "The Owl was once a Baker's +Daughter," <i>quoted by Shakspeare, in one of</i> MR. THOMS' +<i>Papers on the</i> FOLK LORE OF SHAKSPEARE, <i>published in +the</i> Athenæum October and November 1847.</p> +<hr class="adverts" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page272" id="page272"></a></span>JUNIUS IDENTIFIED.</p> +<p>In One Volume 8vo., price 6<i>s.</i>, bds., (published in 1818 +at 14<i>s.</i>). JUNIUS IDENTIFIED with SIR PHILIP FRANCIS. By JOHN +TAYLOR. Second Edition, with the Appendix, containing the Plates of +Handwriting.</p> +<p>London: TAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, 28. Upper Gower-street; and +27. Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row.</p> +<hr /> +<p>AMERICA AND IRELAND.—MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, Number +XI. for 1850, contains many curious and interesting books on the +above Countries with the usual valuable Miscellanies in all +departments, Published this day, GRATIS.</p> +<p>The following Books may also be had of him:—</p> +<p>BALLAD ROMANCES, by R. H. HORNE, Esq., author of "Orion." +&c.—Containing the Noble Heart, a Bohemian +Legend—The Monk of Swinstead Abbey, a Ballad Chronicle of the +Death of King John—The Three Knights of Camelott, a Fairy +Tale—The Ballad of Delora, or the Passion of Andrea +Como—Red Gelert, a Welsh Legend—Ben Capstan, A Ballad +of the Night Watch—The Elf of the Woodlands, a Child's Story, +fcap. 8vo, elegantly printed and bound in cloth, 248 pages, only +2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>CRITICISMS AND ESSAYS On the Writings of Atherstone, Blair, +Bowles, Sir E. Brydges, Carlyle, Carrington, Coleridge, Cowper, +Croly, Gillfillian, Graham, Hazlitt, Heber, Heraud, Harvey, Irving, +Keats, Miller, Pollock, Tighe, Wordsworth, and other Modern +Writers, by the Rev. J.W. LESTER, B.A., royal 8vo., 100 pages of +closely printed letterpress, originally published at 5<i>s.</i>, +reduced to 1<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i> 1848.</p> +<p>"We give our cordial subscription to the general scope and tenor +of his views, which are in the main promulgated with a perspicuity +and eloquence not always found in the same +individual."—<i>Church of England Quarterly Review.</i></p> +<p>"Mr. Lester's volume is one of superior merit, and deserves a +high rank among works of its class."—<i>Tail's Edinburgh +Review.</i></p> +<p>"He is the pioneer of the beautiful."—<i>Manchester +Examiner.</i></p> +<p>FALLACY OF GHOSTS, DREAMS, AND OMENS, with Stories of +Witchcraft, Life in Death, and Monomania, by CHARLES OLLIER, 12mo., +cloth. gilt, with Illustrations by G. Measom, 250 pages of amusing +letterpress, only 2<i>s.</i></p> +<p>JOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos-street, Trafalgar-square.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Old Engravings, early Printed Books, Manuscripts, &c.</p> +<p>SOUTHGATE and BARRETT will SELL by AUCTION, at their Rooms, 22. +Fleet-street, on Tuesday, September 24, at 12. PORTRAITS and +ENGRAVlNGS. incliding many proofs, a very interesting and extensive +collection of original proclamations, two books printed by Pynson +unknown to bibliographers: also a few very valuable Manuscripts +relating to the counties of Stafford, Salon, Leicester, Wilts, +&c., ancient statutes upon vellum. heraldic MSS., &c.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Just Published, 8vo., price 8<i>s.</i>, with numerous +Illustrations by Messrs. O. Jerrit and H. Shaw,</p> +<p>REMARKS ON THE ARCHITECTURE OF LLANDAFF CATHEDRAL; with an Essay +towards a History of the Fabric. By EDWARD A. FREEMAN, M.A., late +Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford; author of the "History of +Architecture."</p> +<p>London: W. PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. Tenby: R. MASON.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Just Published, price 5<i>s.</i>, in post 8vo., cloth lettered; +if sent by Post. 6<i>s.</i></p> +<p>THE POPE; Considered in his RELATIONS WITH THE CHURCH, TEMPORAL +SOVEREIGNTIES, SEPARATED CHURCHES, and the CAUSE OF CIVILISATION. +By COUNT JOSEPH DE MAISTRE. Translated by the Rev. AENEAS MC D. +DAWSON. Embellished with a Portrait of His Holiness Pope Pius +IX.</p> +<p>London: C. DOLMAN, 61. New Bond-street; and 48A. Paternoster +Row.</p> +<hr /> +<p>THE PARLOUR LIBRARY, One Shilling each Volume.</p> +<p>The Publishers beg to state that all G.P.R. JAMES's works lately +out of print are again reprinted, and may be had of every +bookseller and at all the railway stations. Works by the following +popular authors have also been published in the "Parlour +Library:"—</p> +<p>A. Lamartine<br /> +G.P.R. James<br /> +Washington Irving<br /> +Miss Mitford<br /> +Author of "Emilia Wyndham"<br /> +Miss Austen<br /> +William Carleton<br /> +Gerald Griffin<br /> +Mary Howitt<br /> +T.C. Grattan<br /> +Mrs. S.C. Hall<br /> +Rodolph Toppfer<br /> +Leitch Ritchie<br /> +The O'Hara Family<br /> +W. Meinhold<br /> +Alex. Dumas</p> +<p>SIMMS and M'INTYRE, 13. Paternoster Row, London, and Belfast. +Sold at all the Railway Stations.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Published by GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet-street.</p> +<p>Now ready, 1 vol. 8vo., with etched Frontispiece, by Wehnert, +and Eight Engravings, price 15<i>s.</i></p> +<p>SABRINAE COROLLA: a Volume Of Classical Translations with +original Compositions contributed by Gentlemen educated at +Shrewsbury School.</p> +<p>Among the Contributors are the Head Masters of Shrewsbury. +Stanford, Repton, Birmingham, and Uppingham Schools; Andrew Lawson, +Esq., late M.P; the Rev. R. Shilleto, Cambridge; the Rev. T.S. +Evans, Rugby; J. Riddell, Esq., Fellow of Baliol College, Oxford; +the Rev. E.M. Cope, H.J. Hodgson, Esq., H.A.J. Munro, Esq., W.G. +Clark, Esq., Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge, and many other +distinguished Scholars from both Universities.</p> +<p>The Work is edited by three of the principal Contributors.</p> +<p>"Highly creditable to the Scholarship of Shrewsbury, and indeed +of England, and we wish it heartily +success."—<i>Guardian.</i></p> +<p>RULES FOR OVIDIAN VERSE, with some Hints on the Transition to +the Virgilian Hexameter, and an Introductory Preface. Edited by +JAMES TATE, A.M., Master of the Grammar School, Richmond. 8vo. +sewed, 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>FIRST STEPS TO LATIN VERSIFICATION, being an Analysis of the +Scansion and Structure of the Ovidian Verse. Price 6<i>d.</i> on +sheet; folded in cloth, 1<i>s.</i></p> +<p>Just Published, fcp. 8vo., price 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, +cloth,</p> +<p>CICERONIS CATO MAJOR, sive de Senectute, Laelius, site de +Amicitia. et Epistolæ Selectæ; with English Notes and +an Index. By GEORGE LONG. Being a second volume of the Grammar +School Classics.</p> +<p>"Mr. George Long has edited the De Senectute, and De Amicitia, +together with some of the Epistles of Cicero, and has contributed a +very clever preface upon the best way of teaching foreign, and +especially classical, languages. Mr. Long's ability and reputation +render any writing of his important, and his name is a pledge for +the accuracy and value of the edition."—<i>Guardian.</i></p> +<p>Also, a new edition, price 5<i>s.</i>,</p> +<p>XENOPHON'S ANABASIS, with English Notes and Three Maps. By the +Rev. J.F. MACMICHAEL, Master of the Grammar School, +Burton-on-Trent. Being the first volume of Grammar School +Classics.</p> +<p>"We can confidently recommend this as the best school edition, +and we feel certain that it will satisfy every reasonable demand +that can be made."—<i>Classical Museum.</i></p> +<p>12mo., cloth, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>SELECTIONS FROM OVID; AMORES, TRISTIA, HEROIDES, METAMORPHOSES: +with prefatory remarks. This Selection is intended to afford an +introduction, at once easy and unobjectionable, to a knowledge of +the Latin Language, after a boy has become well acquainted with the +declensions of nouns and pronouns, and the ordinary forms of +verbs.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at +No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of +London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in +the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, +Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, +September 21. 1850.</p> +<hr class="full" /> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13936 ***</div> +</body> +</html> diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6065951 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #13936 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/13936) diff --git a/old/13936-0.txt b/old/13936-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e13d1e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/13936-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2388 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 47, Saturday, September 21, 1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most +other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions +whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of +the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at +www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have +to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 47, Saturday, September 21, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: November 3, 2004 [EBook #13936] +[Most recently updated: October 14, 2020] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 47, *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team, and The Internet Library of Early Journals + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 47.] +SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1850 +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + + * * * * * + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- + Old Songs. 257 + "Junius Identified." by J. Taylor. 258 + Folk Lore:--Spiders a Cure for Ague--Funeral Superstition--Folk + Lore Rhymes. 259 + On a Passage in the Tempest, by S.W. Singer. 259 + Punishment of Death of Burning. 260 + Note on Morganatic Marriages. 261 + Minor Notes:--Alderman Beckford--Frozen Horn--Inscription + translated--Parallel Passages--Note on George Herbert's Poems--"Crede + quod habes"--Grant to Earl of Sussex--First Woman formed from a + Rib--Beau Brummell's Ancestry. 262 + +QUERIES:-- + Gray's Elegy and Dodsley's Poems. 264 + Hugh Holland and his Works, by E.F. Rimbault, L.L.D. 265 + Harvey and the Circulation of the Blood. 266 + Minor Queries:--Bernardus Patricius--Meaning of + Hanger--Cat and Bagpipes--Andrew Becket--Laurence + Minot--Modena Family--Bamboozle--Butcher's + Blue Dress--Hatchment and Atchievement--"Te + colui Virtutem"--"Illa suavissima Vita"--Christianity, + Early Influence of--Meaning of Wraxen--Saint, + Legend of a--Land Holland--Farewell--Stepony + Ale--"Regis ad Exemplar"--La Caronacquerie--Rev. + T. Tailer--Mistletoe as a Christmas + Evergreen--Poor Robin's Almanacks--Sirloin--Thompson + of Esholt. 266 + +REPLIES:-- + Replies to Minor Queries:--Pension--Execution of + Charles I.--Paper Hangings--Black-guard--Pilgrims' + Road--Combs buried with the Dead--AÎrostation--St. + Thomas of Lancaster--Smoke Money--Robert Herrich--Guildhalls--AbbÈ + Strickland--Long Conkin--Havock--Becket's Mother--Watching + the Sepulchre--Portraits of Charles I.--Joachim, + the French Ambassador. 269 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 271 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 271 + Notices to Correspondents. 271 + Advertisements. 272 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +OLD SONGS. + +I heard, "in other days," a father singing a comic old song to one of +his children, who was sitting on his knee. This was in Yorkshire: and +yet it could hardly be a Yorkshire song, as the scene was laid in +another county. It commenced with-- + + "Randle O'Shay has sold his mare + For nineteen groats at Warrin'ton fair," + +and goes on to show how the simpleton was cheated out of his money. + +I find in Hasted's _History of Kent_ (vol. i. p. 468., 2nd edit.) +mention made of the family of Shaw, who held the manor of Eltham, &c., +and who "derive themselves from the county palatine of Chester." It is +further stated that _Randal de Shaw_, his son, was settled at Haslington +Hall in that county. + +All, indeed, that this proves is, the probability of the hero of the +song being also a native of Cheshire, or one of the adjacent counties; +and that the legend is a truth, even as to names as well as general +facts. The song is worthy of recovery and preservation, as a remnant of +English character and manners; and I have only referred to Hasted to +point out the probable district in which it will be found. + +There are many other characteristics of the manners of the humbler +classes to be found in songs that had great local popularity within the +period of living memory; for instance, the _Wednesbury Cocking_ amongst +the colliers of Staffordshire and _Rotherham Status_ amongst the cutlers +of Sheffield. Their language, it is true, is not always very +delicate--perhaps was not even at the time these songs were +composed,--as they picture rather the exuberant freaks of a +half-civilised people than the better phases of their character. Yet +even these form "part and parcel" of the history of "the true-born +Englishman." + +One song more may be noticed here:--the rigmarole, snatches of which +probably most of us have heard, which contains an immense number of mere +truisms having no connexion with each others, and no bond of union but +the metrical form in which their juxtaposition is effected, and the +rhyme, which is kept up very well throughout, though sometimes by the +introduction of a nonsense line. Who does not remember-- + + "A yard of pudding's not an ell," + +or + + "Not forgetting _dytherum di_, + A tailor's goose can never fly," + +and other like parts? + +It is just such a piece of burlesque as Swift might have written: but +many circumstances lead me to think it must be much older. Has it ever +been printed? + +There is another old (indeed an evidently very ancient) song, which I do +not remember to have seen in print, or even referred to in print. None +of the books into which I have looked, from deeming them likely to +contain it, make the least reference to this song. I have heard it in +one of the midland counties, and in one of the western, both many years +ago; but I have not heard it in London or any of the metropolitan +districts. The song begins thus:-- + + "London Bridge is broken down, + Dance over my Lady Lea: + London Bridge is broken down, + With a gay ladÈe." + +This must surely refer to some event preserved in history,--may indeed +be well known to well-read antiquaries, though so totally unknown to men +whose general pursuits (like my own) have lain in other directions. The +present, however, is an age for "popularising" knowledge; and your work +has assumed that task as one of its functions. + +The difficulties attending such inquiries as arise out of matters so +trivial as an old ballad, are curiously illustrated by the answers +already printed respecting the "wooing frog." In the first place, it was +attributed to times within living memory; then shown to exceed that +period, and supposed to be very old,--even as old as the Commonwealth, +or, perhaps, as the Reformation. This is objected to, from "the style +and wording of the song being evidently of a much later period than the +age of Henry VIII.;" and Buckingham's "mad" scheme of taking Charles +into Spain to woo the infanta is substituted. This is enforced by the +"burden of the song;" whilst another correspondent considers this +"chorus" to be an old one, analogous to "Down derry down:"--that is, M. +denies the force of MR. MAHONY's explanation altogether! + +(Why MR. MAHONY calls a person in his "sixth decade" a "sexagenarian" he +best knows. Such is certainly not the ordinary meaning of the term he +uses. His pun is good, however.) + +Then comes the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT, with a very decisive proof that +neither in the time of James I., nor of the Commonwealth, could it have +originated. His transcript from Mr. Collier's _Extracts_ carries it +undeniably back to the middle of the reign of Elizabeth. Of course, it +is interesting to find intermediate versions or variations of the +ballad, and even the adaptation of its framework to other ballads of +recent times, such as "Heigho! says Kemble,"--one of the Drury Lane +"O.P. Row" ballads (_Rejected Addresses_, last ed., or Cunningham's +_London_). Why the conjecture respecting Henry VIII. is so +contemptuously thrown aside as a "fancy," I do not see. A _fancy_ is a +dogma taken up without proof, and in the teeth of obvious +probability,--tenaciously adhered to, and all investigation eschewed. +This at least is the ordinary signification of the term, in relation to +the search after truth. How far my own conjecture, or the mode of +putting it, fulfills these conditions, it is not necessary for me to +discuss: but I hope the usefulness and interest of the "NOTES AND +QUERIES" will not be marred by any discourtesy of one correspondent +towards another. + +At the same time, the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT has done the most essential +service to this inquiry by his extract from Mr. Collier, as the question +is thereby inclosed within exceedingly narrow limits. But if the ballad +do not refer to Henry VIII., to whom can it be referred with greater +probability? It is too much to assume that all the poetry, wit, and +talent of the Tudor times were confined to the partizans of the Tudor +cause, religious or political. We _know_, indeed, the contrary. But for +his communication, too, the singular coincidence of two such +characteristic words of the song in the "Poley Frog" (in the same number +of the "NOTES AND QUERIES") might have given rise to another conjecture: +but the _date_ excludes its further consideration. + +I may add, that since this has been mooted, an Irish gentleman has told +me that the song was familiar enough in Dublin; and he repeated some +stanzas of it, which were considerably different from the version of +W.A.G., and the chorus the same as in the common English version. I hope +presently to receive a complete copy of it: which, by the bye, like +everything grotesquely humorous in Ireland, was attributed to the author +of _Gulliver's Travels_. + +T.S.D. + + * * * * * + +"JUNIUS IDENTIFIED." + +It is fortunate for my reputation that I am still living to vindicate my +title to the authorship of my own book, which seems otherwise in danger +of being taken from me. + +I can assure your correspondent R.J. (Vol. ii., p. 103.) that I was not +only "literally _the writer_," (as he kindly suggests, with a view of +saving my credit for having put my name to the book), but in its fullest +sense _the author of "Junius Identified"_; and that I never received the +slightest assistance from Mr. Dubois, or any other person, either in +collecting or arranging the evidence, or in the composition and +correction of the work. After I had completed my undertaking, I wrote to +Mr. Dubois to ask if he would allow me to see the handwriting of Sir +Philip Francis, that I might compare it with the published +fac-similes of the handwriting of Junius; but he refused my request. His +letter alone disproved the notion entertained by R.J. and others, that +Mr. Dubois was in any degree connected with me, or with the authorship +of the work in question. + +With regard to the testimony of Lord Campbell, I wrote to his lordship +in February, 1848, requesting his acceptance of a copy of _Junius +Identified_, which I thought he might not have seen; and having called +his attention to my name at the end of the preface, I begged he would, +when opportunity offered, correct his error in having attributed the +work to Mr. Dubois. I was satisfied with his lordship's reply, which was +to the effect that he was ashamed of his mistake, and would take care to +correct it. No new edition of that series of the _Lives of the +Chancellors_, which contains the "Life of Lord Loughborough," has since +been published. The present edition is dated 1847. + +R.J. says further, that "the late Mr. George Woodfall always spoke of +the _pamphlet_ as the work of Dubois;" and that Sir Fortunatus Dwarris +states, "the _pamphlet_ is said, I know not with what truth, to have +been prepared under the eye of Sir Philip Francis, it may be through the +agency of Dubois." If _Junius Identified_ be alluded to in these +observations as a _pamphlet_, it would make me doubt whether R.J., or +either of his authorities, ever saw the book. It is an 8vo. vol. The +first edition, containing 380 pages, was published in 1816, at 12s. The +second edition, which included the supplement, exceeded 400 pages, and +was published in 1818, at 14s. The supplement, which contains the plates +of handwriting, was sold separately at 3s. 6d., to complete the first +edition, but this could not have been the pamphlet alluded to in the +preceding extracts. I suspect that when the work is spoken of as a +pamphlet, and this if often done, the parties thus describing it have +known it only through the medium of the critique in the _Edinburgh +Review_. + +Mr. Dubois was the author of the biography of Sir Philip Francis, first +printed in the _Monthly Mirror_ for May and June, 1810, and reprinted in +_Junius Identified_, with acknowledgment of the source from which it was +taken. To this biography the remarks of Sir Fortunatus Dwarris are +strictly applicable, except that it never appeared in the form of a +pamphlet. + +JOHN TAYLOR. + +30. Upper Gower Street, Sept. 7. 1850. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Spiders a Cure for Ague_ (Vol. ii., p. 130.).--Seeing a note on this +subject reminds me that a few years since, a lady in the south of +Ireland was celebrated far and near, amongst her poorer neighbours, for +the cure of this disorder. Her universal remedy was a large house-spider +alive, and enveloped in treacle or preserve. Of course the parties were +carefully kept in ignorance of what the wonderful remedy was. + +Whilst I am on the subject of cures, I may as well state that in parts +of the co. Carlow, the blood drawn from a black cat's ear, and rubbed +upon the part affected, is esteemed a certain cure for St. Anthony's +fire. + +JUNIOR. + + +_Funeral Superstition._--A few days ago the body of a gentleman in this +neighbourhood was conveyed to the hearse, and while being placed in it, +the door of the house, whether from design or inadvertence I know not, +was closed before the friends came out to take their places in the +coaches. An old lady, who was watching the proceedings, immediately +exclaimed, "God bless me! they have closed the door upon the corpse: +there will be another death in that house before many days are over." +She was fully impressed with this belief, and unhappily this impression +has been confirmed. The funeral was on Saturday, and on the Monday +morning following a young man, resident in the house, was found dead in +bed, having died under the influence of chloroform, which he had +inhaled, self-administered, to relieve the pain of toothache or +tic-douloureux. + +Perhaps the superstition may have come before you already; but not +having met with it myself, I thought it might be equally new to others. + +H.J. + +Sheffield. + + * * * * * + +_Folk Lore Rhymes._-- + + "Find odd-leafed ash, and even-leafed clover, + And you'll see your true love before the day's over." + +If you wish to see your lover, throw salt on the fire every morning for +nine days, and say-- + + "It is not salt I mean to burn, + But my true lover's heart I mean to turn; + Wishing him neither joy nor sleep, + Till he come back to me and speak." + + "If you marry in Lent, + You will live to repent." + +WEDSECNARF. + + * * * * * + +EMENDATION OF A PASSAGE IN THE "TEMPEST." + +Premising that I should approach the text of our great poet with an +almost equal degree of awful reverence with that which characterises his +two latest editors, I must confess that I should not have the same +respect for evident errors of the printers of the early editions, which +they have occasionally shown. In the following passage in the _Tempest_, +Act i., Scene 1., this forbearance has not, however, been the cause of +the very unsatisfactory state in which they have both left it. I +must be indulged in citing at length, that the context may the more +clearly show what was really the poet's meaning:-- + + "Enter FERDINAND _bearing a Log_. + + "_Fer._ There be some sports are painful; and their labour + Delight in them sets off; some kinds of baseness + Are nobly undergone; and most poor matters + Point to rich ends. This my mean task + Would be as heavy to me, as odious; but + The mistress, which I serve, quickens what's dead, + And makes my labours pleasures: O! she is + Ten times more gentle than her father's crabbed; + And he's composed of harshness. I must remove + Some thousands of these logs, and pile them up, + Upon a sore injunction: My sweet mistress + Weeps when she sees me work; and says such business + Had never like executor. I forget: + But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours; + Most busy lest when I do it." + +Mr. Collier reads these last two lines thus-- + + "But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours; + Most busy, least when I do it." + +with the following note-- + + "The meaning of this passage seems to have been misunderstood by + all the commentators. Ferdinand says that the thoughts of + Miranda so refresh his labours, that when he is most busy he + seems to feel his toil _least_. It is printed in the folio + 1623,-- + + 'Most busy _lest_ when I do it,' + + --a trifling error of the press corrected in the folio 1632, + although Theobald tells us that both the oldest editions read + _lest_. Not catching the poet's meaning, he printed,-- + + 'Most busy-_less_ when I do it,' + + and his supposed emendation has ever since been taken as the + text; even Capell adopted it. I am happy in having Mr. Amyot's + concurrence in this restoration." + +Mr. Knight adopts Theobald's reading, and Mr. Dyce approves it in the +following words:-- + + "When Theobald made the emendation, 'Most busy-_less_,' he + observed that 'the corruption was so very little removed from + the truth of the text, that he could not afford to think well of + his own sagacity for having discovered it.' The correction is, + indeed, so obvious that we may well wonder that it had escaped + his predecessors; but we must wonder ten times more that one of + his successors, in a blind reverence for the old copy, should + re-vitiate the text, and defend a corruption which outrages + language, taste, and common sense." + +Although at an earlier period of life I too adopted Theobald's supposed +emendation, it never satisfied me. I have my doubts whether the word +_busyless_ existed in the poet's time; and if it did, whether he could +possibly have used it here. Now it is clear that _labours_ is a misprint +for _labour_; else, to what does "when I do _it_" refer? _Busy lest_ is +only a typographical error for _busyest_: the double superlative was +commonly used, being considered as more emphatic, by the poet and his +contemporaries. + +Thus in Hamlet's letter, Act ii. Sc. 2.: + + "I love thee best, O _most best_." + +and in _King Lear_, Act ii. Sc. 3.: + + "To take the basest and _most poorest_ shape." + +The passage will then stand thus:-- + + "But these sweet thoughts, do even refresh my labour, + Most busiest when I do it." + +The sense will be perhaps more evident by a mere transposition, +preserving every word: + + "But these sweet thoughts, most busiest when I do + My labour, do even refresh it." + +Here we have a clear sense, devoid of all ambiguity, and confirmed by +what precedes; that his labours are made pleasures, being beguiled by +these sweet thoughts of his mistress, which are busiest when he labours, +because it excites in his mind the memory of her "weeping to see him +work." The correction has also the recommendation of being effected in +so simple a manner as by merely taking away two superfluous letters. I +trust I need say no more; secure of the approbation of those who (to use +the words of an esteemed friend on another occasion) feel "that making +an opaque spot in a great work transparent is not a labour to be +scorned, and that there is a pleasant sympathy between the critic and +bard--dead though he be--on such occasions, which is an ample reward." + +S.W. SINGER + +Mickleham, Aug 30. 1850. + + * * * * * + +PUNISHMENT OF DEATH BY BURNING. + +(Vol. ii., pp. 6. 50. 90. 165.) + +In the "NOTES AND QUERIES" of Saturday, the 10th of August, SENEX gives +some account of the burning of a female in the Old Bailey, "about the +year 1788." + +Having myself been present at the last execution of a female in London, +where the body was burnt (being probably that to which SENEX refers), +and as few persons who were then present may now be alive, I beg to +mention some circumstances relative to that execution, which appear to +be worthy of notice. + +Our criminal law was then most severe and cruel: the legal punishment of +females convicted of high treason and petty treason was burning; coining +was held to be high treason; and murder of a husband was petty treason. + +I see it stated in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, that on the 13th of +March, 1789,-- + + "The Recorder of London made his report to His Majesty of the + prisoners under sentence of death in Newgate, convicted in the + Sessions of September, October, November, and January (forty-six + in number), fourteen of whom were ordered for execution; + five of whom were afterwards reprieved." + +The recorder's report in regard to these unfortunate persons had been +delayed during the incapacity of the king; thus the report for four +sessions had been made at once. To have decided at one sitting of +council upon such a number of cases, must have almost been enough to +overset the strongest mind. Fortunately, these reports are now +abolished. + +In the same number of the _Gentleman's Magazine_, under date the 18th of +March, there is this statement,-- + + "The nine following malefactors were executed before the + Debtors' Door at Newgate pursuant to their sentence, viz., Hugh + Murphy and Christian Murphy _alias_ Bowman, Jane Grace, and + Joseph Walker, for coining. [Four for burglary, and one for + highway robbery.] They were brought upon the scaffold, about + half an hour after seven, and _turned off_ about a quarter past + eight. The woman for coining was brought out after the rest were + turned off, and fixed to a stake and burnt; being first + strangled by the stool being taken from under her." + +This is the execution at which I was present; the number of those who +suffered, and the burning of the female, attracted a very great crowd. +Eight of the malefactors suffered on the scaffold, then known as "the +new drop." After they were suspended, the woman, in a white dress, was +brought out of Newgate alone; and after some time spent in devotion, was +hung on the projecting arm of a low gibbet, fixed at a little distance +from the scaffold. After the lapse of a sufficient time to extinguish +life, faggots were piled around her, and over her head, so that her +person was completely covered: fire was then set to the pile, and the +woman was consumed to ashes. + +In the following year, 1790, I heard sentence passed in the Criminal +Court, in the Old Bailey, upon other persons convicted of coining: one +of them was a female. The sentence upon her was, that she should be +"drawn to the place of execution, and there burnt with fire till she was +dead." + +The case of this unfortunate woman, and the cruel state of the law in +regard to females, then attracted attention. On the 10th of May, 1790, +Sir Benjamin Hammett, in his place in the House of Commons, called the +attention of that House to the then state of the law. He mentioned that +it had been his official duty to attend on the melancholy occasion of +the burning of the female in the preceding year (it is understood he was +then one of the sheriffs of London), he moved for leave to bring in a +bill to alter the law, which he characterised as-- + + "One of the savage remains of Norman policy, disgracing our + statute book, as the practice did the common law." + +He noticed that the sheriff who did not execute the sentence of burning +alive was liable to a prosecution; but he thanked Heaven there was not a +man in England who would carry such a sentence into effect. He obtained +leave to bring in a bill for altering this cruel law; and in that +session the Act 30 G. III. c. 48. was passed-- + + "For discontinuing the judgment which has been required by law + to be given against women convicted of certain crimes, and + substituting another judgment in lieu thereof." + +A debt of gratitude is due to the memory of Sir Benjamin Hammett, for +his exertions, at that period, in the cause of humanity. Thank God, we +now live in times when the law is less cruel, and more chary of human +life. + +OCTOGENARIUS. + + * * * * * + +A NOTE ON MORGANATIC MARRIAGES. + +Grimm (_Deutsche Rechts Alterthumer_, vol. ii., p. 417.), after a long +dissertation, in which it appears that the money paid by the bridegroom +to the wife's relations (I believe subsequently also to the wife +herself) had every form of a _purchase_, possibly derived also from some +_symbolic_ customs common to all northern tribes, offers the following +as the origin of this word "morganatic:"-- + + "Es gab aber im Alterthum noch einen erlaubten Ausweg f¸r die + Verbindung vorneluner Männer mit geringen (freien und selbst + unfreien) Frauen, den _Concubinat_, der ohne feierliches + Verlˆbniss, ohne _Brautgabe_ und _Mitgift_ eingegangen wurde, + mithin _keine wahre und volle Ehe_, dennoch ein rechtmässiges + Verhältniss war. + + "Da jedoch die Kirche ein solches Verhältniss missbilligte durch + keine Einsegnung weihte, so wurde es allmählich unerlaubt und + verboten als Ausnahme aber bis auf die neueste Zeit f¸r F¸rsten + zugelassen--ja durch Trauung an die linke Hand gefeiert. Die + Benennung Morganatische Ehe,--Matrimonium ad Morganaticam (11. + Feud. 29.), r¸hrt daher, dass _den Concubinen_ eine _Morgangabe_ + (woraus im Mittelalter die Lombarden '_Morganatica_' + machten)--bewilligt zu werden pflegte--_es waren Ehen auf blosse + Morgengabe_. Den Beweis liefern Urkunden, die Morganatica f¸r + Morgengabe auch in Fallen gebrauchen wo von wahrer Ehe die Rede + ist." (See Heinecius, _Antiq_. 3. 157, 158.) + +The case now stands thus: + +It was the custom to give money to the wife's relations on the +marriage-day. + +It was not the custom with respect to unequal marriage (Misheirath): +this took place "ohne Brautgabe und Mitgift," which was also of later +origin. + +The exception made by the Church for _princes_, restored the woman so +far, that the marriage was legally and morally recognised by the Lombard +law and the Church, with exceptions as regards _issue_, and that the +left hand was given for the _right_. + +With regard to this latter, it would be desirable to trace whether +giving of the hand had any _symbolic_ meaning. I think the +astrologists consider the right as the nobler part of the body; if so, +giving of _the left_ in this case is not without symbolic significance. +It must be remembered how much symbolism prevailed among the tribes +which swept Europe on the fall of the Roman empire, and their Eastern +origin. + +The Morgengabe, according to Cancianus (_Leges Barbarorum_, tom. iv. p. +24.), was at first a _free gift_ made by the husband after the first +marriage night. This was carried to such excess, that Liutprand ordained + + "Tamen ipsum Morgengabe volumus, ut non sit amplius nisi quarta + pars ejus substantia, qui ipsum Morgengabe dedit." + +This became subsequently converted into a _right_ termed _justitia_. + +Upon this extract from a charter,-- + + "Manifesta causa est mihi, quoniam die ilio quando te sposavi, + promiseram tibi dare _justitiam_ tuam secundum _legem meam_ [qr. + _my Lombard_ law in opposition to the Roman, which he had a + right to choose,] in Morgencap, id est, quartam portionem omnium + rerum mobilium et immobilium," &c. + +Cancianus thus comments:-- + + "Animadverte, quam recte charta hÊc cum supra alligatis formulis + conveniat. Sponsus promiserat Morgencap, quando feminam + desponsaverat, inde vero ante conjugium chartam conscribit: et + quod et Liutprandi lege, et ex antiquis moribus _Donum_ fuit + mere gratuitum, hic appellatur _Justitia_ secundum legem + Langobardorum." + +The Morgencap here assumes, I apprehend, somewhat the form of _dower_. +That it was so, is very doubtful. (Grimm, vol. ii. p. 441. +"Morgengabe.") + + "An demselben Morgen empf‰ngt die JungFrau von ihrem Gemahl ein + ansehnliches Geschenk, welches Morgengabe heisst. Schon in der + Pactio Guntherammi et Childeberti, werden Dos und Morganagiba + _unterschieden_, ebenso _Leg. Rip._ 37. 2. _Alaman_. 56. 1, 2. + Dos und Morgangeba; _Lex Burgend._ 42. 2. Morgangeba und das + 'pretium nuptiale;' bei den Langobarden, 'Meta und Morgengab.'" + +I do not say this answers the question of your correspondent G., which +is, what is the _derivation_ of the word? + +Its actual signification, I think, means left-handed; but to think is +not to resolve, and the question is open to the charitable contributions +of your learned and able supporters. + +As regards the Fairy Morgana, who was married to a mortal, I confess, +with your kind permission, I had rather not accept her as a satisfactory +reply. It is as though you would accept "once upon a time" as a +chronological date! She was _married_ to a mortal--true; but +_morganatically_, I doubt it. If morganatic came from this, it should +appear the _Fairy Morgana_ was the _first lady_ who so underwent the +ceremony. Do not forget Lurline, who married also a mortal, of whom the +poet so prettily sings: + + "Lurline hung her head, + Turned pale, and then red; + And declared his abruptness in popping the question + So soon after dinner had spoilt her digestion." + +This lady's marriage resembled the other in all respects, and I leave +you to decide, and no man is more competent, from your extensive +knowledge of the mythology of Medieval Europe, whether Morgana, beyond +the mere accident of her name, was more likely than Lurline to have +added a word with a puzzling etymology to the languages of Europe. The +word will, I think, be found of Eastern origin, clothed in a Teutonic +form. + +After all, Jacob Grimm and Cancianus may interest your readers, and so I +send the Note. + +S.H. + +AthenÊum, Sept. 6. 1850 + + * * * * * + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Alderman Beckford._--Gifford (_Ben Jonson_, vol. vi. p. 481.) has the +following note:-- + + "The giants of Guildhall, thank heaven, yet defend their charge: + it only remains to wish that the citizens may take example by + the fate of Holmeby, and not expose them to an attack to which + they will assuredly be found unequal. It is not altogether owing + to their wisdom that this has not already taken place. For + twenty years they were chained to the car of a profligate + buffoon, who dragged them through every species of ignominy to + the verge of rebellion; and their hall is even yet disgraced + with the statue of a worthless negro-monger, in the act of + insulting their sovereign with a speech of which (factious and + brutal as he was) _he never uttered one syllable_." ... "By my + troth, captain, these are very bitter words." + +But Gifford was _generally_ correct in his assertions; and twenty-two +years after _his_ note, I made the following one:-- + + "It is a curious fact, but a true one, that Beckford _did not + utter one syllable of this speech_. It was penned by Horne + Tooke, and by his art put on the records of the city and on + Beckford's statue, as he told me, Mr. Braithwaite, Mr. Seyers, + &c., at the Athenian Club. + + "ISAAC REED. + + "See the _Times_ Of July 23. 1838, p. 6." + +The worshipful Company of Ironmongers have _relegated their_ statue from +their hall to a lower position: but it still disgraces the Guildhall, +and will continue to do so, as long as any factious demagogue is +permitted to have a place among its members. + +L.S. + + +_The Frozen Horn._--Perhaps it is not generally known that the writer of +_Munchausen's Travels_ borrowed this amusing incident from Heylin's +_Mikrokosmos_. In the section treating of Muscovy, he says:-- + + "This excesse of cold in the ayre, gave occasion to _Castilian_, + in his _Aulicus_, wittily and not incongruously to faine that if + two men being smewhat distant, talke together in the winter, + their words will be so frozen that they cannot be heard: but if + the parties in the spring returne to the same place, their words + will melt in the same order that they were frozen and _spoken_, + and be plainly understood." + +J.S. + +Salisbury. + + +_Inscription from Roma Subterranea._--If you deem the translation of +this inscription, quoted in Lord Lindsay's fanciful but admirable +_Sketches of the History of Christian Art_, worth a place among your +Notes, it is very heartily at your service. + + "Sisto viator + Tot ibi trophÊa, quot ossa + Quot martyres, tot triumphi. + Antra quÊ subis, multa quÊ cernis marmora, + Vel dum silent, + Palam RomÊ gloriam loquuntur. + Audi quid Echo resonet + SubterraneÊ RomÊ! + Obscura licet Urbis Cœmetria + Totius patens Orbis Theatrium! + Supplex Loci Sanetitatem venerare, + Et post hac sub luto aurum + Coelum sub coeno + Sub Rom‚ Romam quÊrito!" + +_Roma Subterranea_, 1651, tom. i. p. 625. + +(Inscription abridged.) + + Stay, wayfarer--behold + In ev'ry mould'ring bone a trophy here. + In all these hosts of martyrs, + So many triumphs. + These vaults--these countless tombs, + E'en in their very silence + Proclaim aloud Rome's glory: + The echo'd fame + Of subterranean Rome + Rings on the ear. + The city's sepulchres, albeit hidden, + Present a spectacle + To the wide world patent. + In lowly rev'rence hail this hallow'd spot, + And henceforth learn + Gold beneath dross + Heav'n below earth, + Rome under Rome to find! + +F.T.J.B. + +Brookthorpe. + + +_Parallel Passages._-- + + "_There is an acre sown with royal seed_, the copy of the + greatest change from rich to naked, from cieled roofs to arched + coffins, from _living like gods to die like men_."--Jeremy + Taylor's _Holy Dying_, chap. i. sect. 1. p. 272. ed. Edin. + + "_Here's an acre sown_ indeed + _With_ the richest _royalest seeds_, + That the earth did e'er suck in, + Since the first man dyed for sin: + Here the bones of birth have cried, + Though _gods they were, as men they died_." + F. BEAUMONT + +M.W. +Oxon. + + +_A Note on George Herbert's Poems._--In the notes by Coleridge attached +to Pickering's edition of George Herbert's _Poems_, on the line-- + + "My flesh beg_u_n unto my soul in pain," + +Coleridge says-- + + "Either a misprint, or noticeable idiom of the word _began_: + Yes! and a very beautiful idiom it is: the first colloquy or + address of the flesh." + +The idiom is still in use in Scotland. "You had better not begin to me," +is the first address or colloquy of the school-boy half-angry +half-frightened at the bullying of a companion. The idiom was once +English, though now obsolete. Several instances of it are given in the +last edition of Foxe's _Martyrs_, vol. vi. p. 627. It has not been +noticed, however, that the same idiom occurs in one of the best known +passages of Shakspeare; in Clarence's dream, _Richard III._, Act i. Sc. +4.: + + "O, then _began_ the tempest _to_ my soul." + +Herbert's _Poems_ will afford another illustration to Shakspeare, +_Hamlet_, Act iv. Sc. 7.:-- + + "And then this _should_ is like a spendthrift sigh, + That hurts by easing." + +Coleridge, in the _Literary Remains_, vol. i. p. 233., says-- + + "In a stitch in the side, every one must have heaved + a sigh that hurts by easing." + +Dr. Johnson saw its true meaning: + + "It is," he says, "a notion very prevalent, that sighs impair + the strength, and wear out the animal powers." + +In allusion to this popular notion, by no means yet extinct, Herbert +says, p. 71.: + + "Or if some years with it (a sigh) escape + The sigh then only is + A gale to bring me sooner to my bliss." + +D.S. + + +"_Crede quod habes_," &c.--The celebrated answer to a Protestant about +the real presence, by the borrower of his horse, is supposed to be made +since the Reformation, by whom I forget:-- + + "Quod nuper dixisti + De corpore Christi + Crede quod edis et edis; + Sic tibi rescribo + De tuo palfrido + Crede quod habes et habes." + +But in Wright and Halliwell's _ReliquiÊ AntiquÊ_, p. 287., from a +manuscript of the time of Henry VII., is given-- + + "Tu dixisti de corpore Christi, crede et habes + De palefrido sic tibi scribo, crede et habes." + +M. + + +_Grant to the Earl of Sussex of Leave to be covered in the Royal +Presence._--In editing Heylyn's _History of the Reformation_, I had to +remark of the grant made by Queen Mary to the Earl of Sussex, that it +was the only one of Heylyn's documents which I had been unable to trace +elsewhere (ii. 90.). Allow me to state in your columns, that I have +since found it in Weever's _Funeral Monuments_ (pp. 635, 636). + +J.C. ROBERTSON. + +Bekesbourne. + + +_The first Woman formed from a Rib_ (Vol. ii., p. 213.).--As you have +given insertion to an extract of a sermon on the subject of the creation +of Eve, I trust you will allow me to refer your correspondent +BALLIOLENSIS to Matthew Henry's commentary on the second chapter of +Genesis, from which I extract the following beautiful explanation of the +reason why the _rib_ was selected as the material whereof the woman +should be created:-- + + "Fourthly, that the woman was made of a rib out of the side of + Adam; not made out of his head to top him, nor out of his feet + to be trampled upon by him; but out of his side to be equal with + him, under his arm to be protected, and near his heart to be + beloved." + +IOTA. + + +_Beau Brummel's Ancestry._--Mr. Jesse some years back did ample justice +to the history of a "London celebrity," George Brummell; but, from what +he there stated, the following "Note" will, I feel assured, be a novelty +to him. At the time that Brummell was considered in everything the +_arbiter elegantiarum_, the writer of this has frequently heard Lady +Monson (the widow of the second lord, and an old lady who, living to the +age of ninety-seven, had a wonderful fund of interesting recollections) +say, that this ruler of fashion was the descendant of a very excellent +servant in the family. Not long ago, some old papers of the family being +turned over, proofs corroborative of this came to light. William +Brummell, from the year 1734 to 1764, was the faithful and confidential +servant of Charles Monson, brother of the first lord: the period would +identify him with the grandfather of the Beau; the only doubt was, that +as Mr. Jesse has ascertained that William Brummell, the grandfather, +was, in the interval above given, married, had a _son William_, and +owned a house in Bury Street, how far these facts were compatible with +his remaining as a servant living with Charles Monson, both in town and +country. Now, in 1757, Professor Henry Monson of Cambridge being +dangerously ill, his brother Charles sent William Brummell down, as a +trustworthy person, to attend to him; and in a letter from Brummell to +his master, he, with many other requisitions, wishes that there may be +sent down to him a certain glass vessel, very useful for invalids to +drink out of, and which, if not in Spring Gardens, "may be found in +_Bury Street_. It was used when _Billy_ was ill." From the familiarity +of the word "Billy," he must be speaking of his son. These facts are +certainly corroborative of the old dowager's statement. + +M(2). + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +GRAY'S ELEGY AND DODSLEY POEMS. + +I have here, in the country, few editions of Gray's works by me, and +those not the best; for instance, I have neither of those by the Rev. J. +Mitford (excepting his Aldine edition, in one small volume), which, +perhaps, would render my present Query needless. It relates to a line, +or rather a word in the _Elegy_, which is of some importance. In the +second stanza, as the poem is usually divided (though Mason does not +give it in stanzas, because it was not so originally written), occurs, + + "Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight." + +And thus the line stands in all the copies (five) I am able at this +moment to consult. But referring to Dodsley's _Collection of Poems_, +vol. iv., where it comes first, the epithet applied to "flight" is not +"droning," but _drony_-- + + "Save where the beetle wheels his _drony_ flight." + +Has anybody observed upon this difference, which surely is worthy of a +Note? I cannot find that the circumstance has been remarked upon, but, +as I said, I am here without the means of consulting the best +authorities. The _Elegy_, I presume, must have been first separately +printed, and from thence transferred to Dodsley's _Collection_; and I +wish to be informed by some person who has the earliest impression, how +the line is there given? I do not know any one to whom I can appeal on +such a point with greater confidence than to MR. PETER CUNNINGHAM, who, +I know, has a large assemblage of the first editions of our most +celebrated poets from the reign of Anne downwards, and is so well able +to make use of them. It would be extraordinary, if _drony_ were the +epithet first adopted by Gray, and subsequently altered by him to +"droning," that no notice should have been taken of the substitution by +any of the poet's editors. I presume, therefore, that it has been +mentioned, and I wish to know where? + +Now, a word or two on Dodsley's _Collection of Poems_, in the fourth +volume of which, as I have stated, Gray's-_Elegy_ comes first. +Dodsley's is a popular and well-known work, and yet I cannot find _that +anybody has given the dates connected with it accurately_. If Gray's +_Elegy_ appeared in it for the first time (which I do not suppose), it +came out in 1755 which is the date of vol. iv. of Dodsley's +_Collection_, and not in 1757, which is the date of the Strawberry Hill +edition of Gray's _Odes_. The Rev. J. Mitford (Aldine edit. xxxiii.) +informs us that "Dodsley published three volumes of this _Collection_ in +1752; the fourth volume was published in 1755 and the fifth and sixth +volumes, which completed the _Collection_, in 1758." I am writing with +the title-pages of the work open before me, and I find that the first +three volumes were published, not in 1752, but in 1748, and that even +this was the second edition so that there must have been an edition of +the first three volumes, either anterior to 1748, or earlier in that +year. The sale of the work encouraged Dodsley to add a fourth volume in +1755, and two others in 1758 and the plate of Apollo and the Muses was +re-engraved for vols. v. and vi., because the original copper, which had +served for vols. i., ii., iii., and iv., was so much worn. + +This matter will not seem of such trifling importance to those who bear +in mind, that if Gray's _Elegy_ did not originally come out in this +_Collection_ in 1755, various other poems of great merit and +considerable popularity did then make their earliest appearance. + +THE HERMIT OF HOLYPORT. + +Sept. 1850. + +P.S. My attention has been directed to the subject of Gray's _Poems_, +and particularly to his _Elegy_, by a recent pilgrimage I made to Stoke +Poges, which is only five or six miles from this neighbourhood. The +church and the poet's monument to his mother are worth a much longer +walk; but the mausoleum to Gray, in the immediate vicinity, is a +preposterous edifice. The residence of Lady Cobham has been lamentably +modernised. + + * * * * * + +HUGH HOLLAND AND HIS WORKS. + +The name of Hugh Holland has been handed down to posterity in connexion +with that of our immortal bard; but few know anything of him beyond his +commendatory verses prefixed to the first folio of Shakspeare. + +He was born at Denbigh in 1558, and educated at Westminster School while +Camden taught there. In 1582 he matriculated at Baliol College, Oxford; +and about 1590 he succeeded to a Fellowship at Trinity College, +Cambridge. Thence he travelled into Italy, and at Rome was guilty of +several indiscretions by the freedom of his conversations. He next went +to Jerusalem to pay his devotions at the Holy Sepulchre, and on his +return touched at Constantinople, where he received a reprimand from the +English ambassador for the former freedom of his tongue. At his return +to England, he retired to Oxford, and, according to Wood, spent some +years there for the sake of the public library. He died in July, 1633, +and was buried in Westminster Abbey, "in the south crosse aisle, neere +the dore of St. Benet's Chapell," but no inscription now remains to +record the event. + +Whalley, in Gifford's _Jonson_ (1. cccxiv.), says, speaking of Hugh +Holland-- + + "He wrote several things, amongst which is the life of Camden; + but none of them, I believe, have been ever published." + +Holland published two works, the titles of which are as follows, and +perhaps others which I am not aware of:-- + +1. "Monumenta Sepulchralia Sancti Pauli. Lond. 1613. 4to." + +2. "A Cypres Garland for the Sacred Forehead of our late Soveraigne King +James. Lond. 1625. 4to." + +The first is a catalogue of the monuments, inscriptions, and epitaphs in +the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, which Nicolson calls "a mean and dull +performance." It was, at any rate, very popular, being printed again in +the years 1616, 1618, and 1633. + +The second is a poetical tract of twelve leaves, of the greatest +possible rarity. + +Holland also printed commendatory verses before a curious musical work, +entitled _Parthenia, or the Maydenhead of the First Musick for the +Virginalls_, 1611; and a copy of Latin verses before Dr. Alexander's +_Roxana_, 1632. + +In one of the Lansdowne MSS. are preserved the following verses written +upon the death of Prince Henry, by "Hugh Hollande, fellow of Trinity +College, Cambridge:"-- + + "Loe, where he shineth yonder + A fixed Star in heaven, + Whose motion here came under + None of the planets seven. + If that the Moone should tender + The Sun her love, and marry, + They both could not engender + So sweet a star as HARRY." + +Our author was evidently a man of some poetical fancy, and if not worthy +to be classed "among the chief of English poets," he is at least +entitled to a niche in the temple of fame. + +My object in calling attention to this long forgotten author is, to gain +some information respecting his manuscript works. According to Wood, +they consist of--1. Verses in Description of the chief Cities of Europe; +2. Chronicle of Queen Elizabeth's reign; 3. Life of William Camden. + +Can any of your readers say in whose possession, or in what +library, any of the above mentioned MSS. are at the present time? I +should also feel obliged for any communication respecting Hugh Holland +or his works, more especially frown original sources, or books not +easily accessible. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +HARVEY'S CLAIM TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD. + +I have both a Note and a Query about Harvey and the circulation of the +blood (Vol. ii., p. 187.). The Note refers to Philostratus (_Life of +Apollorius_, p. 461., ed. 1809), _Nouvelles de la RÈpublique des +Lettres_, June, 1684, xi.; and Dutens pp. 157-341. 4to. ed. 1796. I +extract the passage from _Les Nouvelles_:-- + + "On voit avec plaisir un passage d'AndrÈ CÊsalpinus qui contient + fort clairement la doctrine de la circrilation. Il est tirÈ de + ses Questions sur la mÈdecine imprimÈes l'an 1593. Jean + Leonicenas ajo˚te que le pËre Paul dÈcouvrit la circulation du + sang, et les valvules des veines, mais qu'il n'osa pas en + parler, de peur d'exciter contre luy quelque tempÍte. Il n'etois + dÈj‡ que trop suspect, et il n'eut fallu que ce nouveau paradoxe + pour le transformer en hÈrÈtique dans le pais d'inquisition. Si + bien qu'il ne communiqua son secret qu'au seul Aquapendente, qui + n'osant s'exposer ‡ l'envie.... Il attendit ‡ l'heure de sa mort + pour mettre le livre qu'il avoit composÈ touchant les valvules + des veines entre les mains de la rÈpublique de Venise, et comme + les moindres nouveautez font peur en cc pais-l‡, le livre fut + cachÈ dans le billiothËque de Saint Marc. Mais parcequ' + Aquapendente ne fit pas difficultÈ de s'ouvrir ‡ un jeune + Anglois fort curieux nommÈ HarvÈe, qui Ètudioit sous lui a + PadouÎ, et qu'en mÍme temps le pËre Paul fit a mÍme confidence ‡ + l'Ambassadeur d'Angleterre, ces deux Anglois de retour chez eux, + et se voyant en pais de libertÈ, publiËrent ce dogme, et l'ayant + confirmÈ par plusieurs expÈriences, s'en attribuËrent toute la + gloire." + +The Query is, what share Harvey had in the discovery attributed to him? + +W.W.B. + + * * * * * + +Minor Queries. + +_Bernardus Patricius._--Some writers mention _Bernardus_ Patricius as a +follower of Copernicus, about the time of Galileo. Who was he? + +M. + + +_Meaning of Hanger._--Can any one of your readers inform me, what is the +meaning of the word _hanger_, so frequently occurring in the names of +places in Bedfordshire, such as Panshanger? + +W. Anderson + + +_Cat and Bagpipes._--In studying some letters which passed between two +distinguished philosophers of the last century, I have found in one +epistle a request that the writer might be remembered "to his friends at +the Crown and Anchor, and the _Cat and Bagpipes_." The letter was +addressed to a party in London, where doubtless, both those places of +entertainment were. The Crown and Anchor was the house where the Royal +Society Club held its convivial meetings. Can you inform me where the +Cat and Bagpipes was situated, and what literary and scientific club met +there? The name seems to have been a favourite one for taverns, and, if +I mistake not, is common in Ireland. Is it a corruption of some foreign +title, as so many such names are, or merely a grotesque and piquant +specimen of sign-board literature? + +Quasimodo. + + +_Andrew Becket._--A.W. Hammond will feel obliged for any information +respecting Andrew Becket, Esq., who died 19th January, 1843, Êt. 95, and +to whose memory there is a handsome monument in Kennington Church. +According to that inscription, he was "ardently devoted to the pursuits +of literature," personally acquainted in early life with the most +distinguished authors of his day, long the intimate friend of David +Garrick, "and a profound commentator on the dramatic works of +Shakspeare." Can any of the learned readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" +satisfy this Query? + + +_Laurence Minot._--Is any other MS. of Minot known, besides the one from +which Ritson drew his text? Is there any other edition of this poet +besides Ritson's, and the reprints thereof? + +E.S. JACKSON. + + +_Modena Family._--When did Victor Amadeus, King of Sardinia, die? When +did his daughter, Mary Duchess of Modena, die, (the mother of the +present Duke of Modena, and through whom he is the direct heir of the +House of Stuart)? + +L.M.M.R. + + +_Bamboozle._--What is the etymology of _bamboozle_, used as a verb? + +L.M.M.R. + + +_Butcher's Blue Dress._--What is the origin of the custom, which seems +all but universal in England, for butchers to wear a blouse or frock of +_blue_ colour? Though so common in this country as to form a distinctive +mark of the trade, and to be almost a butcher's uniform, it is, I +believe, unknown on the continent. Is it a custom which has originate in +some supposed utility, or in the official dress of a guild or company, +or in some accident of which a historical notice has been preserved? + +L. + + +_Hatchment and Atchievement._--Can any one of the readers of "NOTES AND +QUERIES" tell me how comes the corruption _hatchment_ from +_atchievement_? Ought the English word to be spelt with a _t_, or thus, +_achievement_? Why are hatchments put up in churches and on houses? + +W. ANDERSON. + + +"_Te colui Virtutem_."--Who is the author of the line-- + + "Te colui virtutem ut rem ast tu nomen inane es?" + +It is a translation of part of a Greek tragic fragment, quoted, +according to Dio Cassius, by Brutus just before his death. As much as is +here translated is also to be found in Plutarch _De Superstitione_. + +E. + + +"_Illa suavissima Vita_."--Where does "Illa suavissima vita indies +sentire se fieri meliorem" come from? + +E. + + +_Christianity, Early Influence of._--"The beneficial influence of the +Christian clergy during the first thousand years of the Christian era." + +What works can be recommended on the above subject? + +X.Y.Z. + + +_Wraxen, Meaning of._--What is the origin and meaning of the word +_wraxen_, which was used by a Kentish woman on being applied to by a +friend of mine to send her children to the Sunday-school, in the +following sentence?--"Why, you see, they go to the National School all +the week, and get so _wraxen_, that I cannot send them to the Sunday +School too." + +G.W. Skyring. + + +_Saint, Legend of a._--Can any of your correspondents inform me where I +can find the account of some saint who, when baptizing a heathen, +inadvertently pierced the convert's foot with the point of his crozier. +The man bore the pain without flinching, and when the occurrence was +discovered, he remarked that he thought it was part of the ceremony? + +J.Y.C. + + +_Land Holland--Farewell._--In searching some Court Rolls a few days +since, I found some land described as "Land Holland" or "Hollandland." I +have been unable to discover the meaning of this expression, and should +be glad if any of your correspondents can help me. + +In the same manor there is custom for the tenant to pay a sum as a +_farewell_ to the lord on sale or alienation: this payment is in +addition to the ordinary fine, &c. Query the origin and meaning of this? + +J.B.C. + + +_Stepony Ale._--Chamberlayne, in his _Present State of England_ (part. +i. p. 51., ed. 1677), speaking of the "Dyet" of the people, thus +enumerates the prevailing beverages of the day:-- + + "Besides all sorts of the best wines from Spain, France, Italy, + Germany, Grecia, there are sold in London above twenty sorts of + other drinks: as brandy, coffee, chocolate, tea, aromatick, mum, + sider, perry, beer, ale; many sorts of ales very different, as + cock, _stepony_, stickback, Hull, North-Down, Sambidge, Betony, + scurvy-grass, sage-ale, &c. A piece of wantonness whereof none + of our ancestors were ever guilty." + +It will be observed that the ales are named in some instances from +localities, and in others from the herbs of which they were decoctions. +Can any of your readers tell me anything of Stepony ale? Was it ale +brewed at Stepney? + +James T. Hammack + + +"_Regis ad Exemplar_."--Can you inform me whence the following line is +taken? + + "Regis ad exemplar totus componitur orbis." + +Q.Q.Q. + + +"_La Caconacquerie_".--Will one of your numerous correspondents be kind +enough to inform me what is the true signification and derivation of the +word "caconac?" D'Alembert, writing to Voltaire concerning Turgot, says: + + "You will find him an excellent _caconac_, though he has reasons + for not avowing it:--la caconacquerie ne mËne pas ‡ la fortune." + +Ardern. + + +_London Dissenting Ministers: Rev. Thomas Tailer._--Not being entirely +successful in my Queries with regard to "London Dissenting Ministers" +(Vol. i., pp. 383. 444. 454.), I will state a circumstance which, +possibly, may assist some one of your correspondents in furnishing an +answer to the second of those inquiries. + +In the lines immediately referred to, where certain Nonconformist +ministers of the metropolis are described under images taken from the +vegetable world, the late Rev. Thomas Tailer (of Carter Lane), whose +voice was feeble and trembling, is thus spoken of:-- + + "Tailer tremulous as aspen leaves." + +But in verses afterwards circulated, if not printed, the censor was +rebuked as follows:-- + + "Nor tell of Tailer's trembling voice so weak, + While from his lips such charming accents break, + And every virtue, every Christian grace, + Within his bosom finds a ready place." + +No encomium could be more deserved, none more seasonably offered or more +appropriately conveyed. I knew Mr. Tailer, and am pleased in cherishing +recollections of him. + +W. + + +_Mistletoe as a Christmas Evergreen._--Can any of your readers inform me +at what period of time the mistletoe came to be recognised as a +Christmas evergreen? I am aware it played a great part in those +ceremonies of the ancient Druids which took place towards the end of the +year, but I cannot find any allusion to it, in connexion with the +Christian festival, before the time of Herrick. You are of course aware, +that there are still in existence some five or six very curious old +carols, of as early, or even an earlier date than the fifteenth century, +in praise of the holly or the ivy, which said carols used to be sung +during the Christmas festivities held by our forefathers but I can +discover no allusion even to the mistletoe for two centuries later. If +any of your readers should be familiar with any earlier allusion in +prose, but still more particularly in verse, printed or in manuscript, I +shall feel obliged by their pointing it out. + +V. + + +_Poor Robin's Almanacks._--I am anxious to ascertain in which public or +private library is to be found the most complete collection of Poor +Robin's _Almanacks_: through the medium of your columns, I may, perhaps, +glean the desired information. + +V. + + +_Sirloin._--When on a visit, a day or two since, to the very interesting +_ruin_ (for so it must be called) of Haughton Castle, near Blackburn, +Lancashire, I heard that the origin of this word was the following freak +of James I. in his visit to the castle; a visit, by the way, which is +said to have ruined the host, and to have been not very profitable even +to all his descendants. A magnificent loin of meat being placed on the +table before his Majesty, the King was so struck with its size and +excellence, that he drew his sword, and cried out, "By my troth, I'll +knight thee, Sir Loin!" and then and there the title was given; a title +which has been honoured, unlike other knighthoods, by a goodly +succession of illustrious heirs. Can any of your correspondents vouch +for the truth of this? + +H.C. +Bowden, Manchester. + + +_Thomson of Esholt._--In the reign of Henry VIII. arms were granted to +Henry Thomson, of Esholt, co. York, one of that monarch's +gentlemen-at-arms at Boulogne. The grant was made by Laurence Dalton, +Norroy. The shield was--Per fesse embattled, ar. and sa., three falcons, +belted, countercharged--a _bend_ sinister. Crest: An armed arm, embowed, +holding a lance, erect. Families of the name of Thompson, bearing the +same shield, have been seated at Kilham, Scarborough, Escrick, and other +places in Yorkshire. My inquiries are,-- + +1. Will any of your readers by kind enough to inform me where any +mention is made of this grant, and the circumstances under which it was +made? + +2. Whether any _ancient_ monuments, or heraldic bearings of the family, +are still extant in any parts of Yorkshire? + +3. Whether any work on Yorkshire genealogies exists, and what is the +best to be consulted? + +JAYTEE. + + * * * * * + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Pension_ (Vol. ii., p. 134.).--In the _Dictionnaire Universelle_, 1775, +vol. ii. p. 203., I find the following explanation of the French word +_Pension_:-- + + "Somme qu'on donne pour la nourriture et le logement de + quelqu'un. _Il se dit aussi du lieu o˘ l'on donne ‡ manger._" + +May not the meeting of the benchers have derived its name for their +dining-room in which they assembled? + +BRAYBROOKE. + + +_Execution of Charles I._ (Vol. ii., pp. 72. 110-140. 158.).--In Lilly's +_History of his Life and Times_, I find the following interesting +account in regard to the vizored execution of Charles I., being part of +the evidence he gave when examined before the first parliament of King +Charles II. respecting the matter. Should any of your correspondents be +able to substantiate this, or produce more conclusive evidence in +determining who the executioner was, I shall be extremely obliged. Lilly +writes,-- + + "Liberty being given me to speak, I related what follows: viz., + That the next Sunday but one after Charles I. was beheaded, + Robert Spavin Secretary to Lieutenant-General Cromwell at that + time, invited himself to dine with me, and brought Anthony + Pearson and several others along with him to dinner. That their + principal discourse all dinner time was only who it was that + beheaded the king. One said it was the common hangman; another, + Hugh Peters; others were also nominated, but none concluded. + Robert Spavin, so soon as dinner was done, took me by the hand, + and carried me to the south window. Saith he, 'These are all + mistaken; they have not named the man that did the fact: it was + Lieutenant-Colonel Joice. I was in the room when he fitted + himself for the work; stood behind him when he did it; when + done, went in with him again: there is no man knows this but my + master, viz. Cromwell, Commissary Ireton, and myself.'--'Doth + Mr. Rushworth know it?' saith I. 'No, he doth not know it,' + saith Spavin. The same thing Spavin since has often related to + me, when we were alone." + +R.W.E. +Cheltenham. + + +_Paper Hangings_ (Vol. ii., p. 134.).--"It was on the walls of this +drawing-room (the king's at Kensington Palace) that the then new art of +paper-hangings, in imitation of the old velvet flock, was displayed with +an effect that soon led to the adoption of so cheap and elegant a +manufacture, in preference to the original rich material from which it +was copied."--W.H. Pyne's _Royal Residences_, vol. ii. p. 75. + +M.W. + + +_Black-guard._--There are frequent entries among those of deaths of +persons attached to the Palace of Whitehall, in the registers of St. +Margaret's, Westminster, of "----, one of the blake garde." about the +year 1566, and later. In the Churchwarden's Accompts we find-- + + "1532. Pd. for licence of 4 torchis for Black Garde, vj. d." + +The royal Halberdiers carried black bills. (Grose, _Milit. Antiq._, vol. +i. p. 124.) In 1584 they behaved with great cruelty in Ireland. +(Cornp. Peck's _Des. Curios._, vol. i. p. 155.) So Stainhurst, in his +_Description_, says of bad men: "They are taken for no better than +rakehells, or the devil's blacke guarde."--Chap. 8. Perhaps, in +distinction to the gaily dressed military guard, the menial attendants +in a royal progress were called black-guards from their dull appearance. + +I remember a story current in Dublin, of a wicked wag telling a highly +respectable old lady, who was asking, where were the quarters of the +guards, in which corps her son was a private, to inquire at the lodge of +Trinity College if he was not within those learned walls, as the "black +guards were lying there." + +M.W. + + +_Pilgrims' Road_ (Vol. ii., p. 237.).--Your correspondent S.H., in +noticing the old track "skirting the base of the chalk hills," and known +by the name of the "Pilgrims' Road," has omitted to state that its +commencement is at Oxford,--a fact of importance, inasmuch as that the +Archbishops of Canterbury had there a handsome palace (the ruins of +which still exist), which is said to have been the favourite residence +of Thomas ‡ Becket. The tradition in the county thereupon is, that his +memory was held in such sanctity in that neighbourhood as to cause a +vast influx of pilgrims annually from thence to his shrine at +Canterbury; and the line of road taken by them can still be traced, +though only portions of it are now used as a highway. The direction, +however, in which it runs makes it clear (as S.H., no doubt, is aware) +that it cannot be Chaucer's road. + +While on the subject of old roads, I may add that a tradition here +exists that the direct road between London and Tunbridge did not pass +through Sevenoaks; and a narrow lane which crosses the Pilgrims' road +near Everham is pointed out as the former highway, and by which Evelyn +must have been journeying (passing close, indeed, to the seat of his +present descendant at St. Clere) when he met with that amusing +robber-adventure at Procession Oak. + +M(2). + + +_Pilgrims' Road to Canterbury._--In the _AthenÊum_ of Nov. 2nd, 1844, +there is a notice of _Remarks upon Wayside Chapels; with Observations on +the Architecture and present State of the Chantry on Wakefield Bridge_: +By John Chessell and Charles Buckler--in which the reviewer says-- + + "In our pedestrianism we have traced the now desolate ruins of + several of these chapels along the old pilgrims' road to + Canterbury." + +If this writer would give us the results of his pedestrianism, it would +be acceptable to _all_ the lovers of Chaucer. I do not know whether +PHILO-CHAUCER will find anything to his purpose in the pamphlet +reviewed. + +E.S. JACKSON. + + +_Combs buried with the Dead._--In Vol. ii., p. 230., the excellent vicar +of Morwenstow asks the reason why combs are found in the graves of St. +Cuthbert and others, monks, in the cathedral church of Durham. I imagine +that they were the combs used at the first tonsure of the novices, to +them a most interesting memorial of that solemn rite through life, and +from touching affection to the brotherhood among whom they had dwelt, +buried with them at their death. + +M.W. + + +_The Comb_, concerning "the origin and intent" of which MR. HAWKER (Vol. +ii., p. 230.) seeks information, was for ritual use; and its purposes +are fully described in Dr. Rock's _Church of our Fathers_, t. ii. p. +122., &c. + +LITURGICUS. + + +_AÎrostation._--C.B.M. will find in the _AthenÊum_ for August 10th, +1850, a notice of a book on this subject. + +E.S. JACKSON. + + +_St. Thomas of Lancaster_ (Vol. i., p. 181.).--MR. R.M. MILNES desires +information relative to "St. Thomas of Lancaster." This personage was +Earl of Leicester as well as Earl of Lancaster; and I find in the +archives of this borough numerous entries relative to him,--of payments +made to him by the burgesses. Of these mention is made in a _History of +Leicester_ recently published. The most curious fact I know of is, that +on the dissolution of the monasteries here, several relics of St. +Thomas, among others, his felt hat, was exhibited. The hat was +considered a great remedy for the headache! + +JAYTEE. + + +_Smoke Money_ (Vol. ii., p. 120.).--"Anciently, even in England, were +Whitsun farthings, or smoke farthings, which were a composition for +offerings made in Whitsun week, by every man who occupied a house with a +chimney, to the cathedral of the diocese in which he lived."--Audley's +_Companion to the Almanac_, p. 76. + +Pentecostals, or Whitsun Farthings, are mentioned by Pegge as being paid +in 1788 by the parishioners of the diocese of Lichfield, in aid of the +repairs of the cathedral, to the dean and chapter; but he makes no +allusion to the word _smoke_, adding only that in this case the payment +went by the name of Chad-pennies, or Chad-farthings, the cathedral there +being dedicated to St. Chad. + +C.I.R. + + +_Robert Herrick_ (Vol. i., p. 291.).--MR. MILNER BARRY states that he +found an entry of the burial of the poet Herrick in the parish books of +Dean Prior. As MR. BARRY seems interested in the poet, I would inform +him that a voluminous collection of family letters of early date is now +in the possession of William Herrick, Esq., of Beaumanor Park, the +present representative of that ancient and honourable house. + +JAYTEE. + + +_Guildhalls._--The question in Vol. i., p. 320., relative to guildhalls, +provokes an inquiry into guilds. In the erudite and instructive +work of Wilda on the _Guild System of the Middle Ages (Gildenwesen im +Mittel‰lter)_ will be found to be stated that guilds were associations +of various kinds,--convivial, religions, and mercantile, and so on; and +that places of assembly were adopted by them. A guild-house where eating +and drinking took place, was to be met with in most villages in early +times: and these, I fancy, were the guild-halls. On this head consult +Hone's _Every-day Book_, vol. ii. p. 670., and elsewhere, in connexion +with Whitsuntide holidays. + +JAYTEE. + + +_AbbÈ Strickland_ (Vol. ii., pp. 198. 237.).--The fullest account of the +AbbÈ Strickland, _Bishop of Namur_, is to be found in Lord Hervey's +_Memoirs_ (Vol. i., p. 391.), and a most curious account it is of that +profligate intriguer. + +C. + + +_Long Lonkin_ (Vol. ii., pp. 168. 251.).--This ballad does not relate to +Cumberland, but to Northumberland. This error was committed by Miss +Landon (in the _Drawing-room Scrap-book_ for 1835), to whom a lady of +this town communicated the fragment through the medium of a friend. Its +real locality is a ruined tower, seated on the corner of an extensive +earth-work surrounded by a moat, on the western side of Whittle Dean, +near Ovingham. Since this period, I have myself taken down many +additional verses from the recitation of the adjacent villagers, and +will be happy to afford any further information to your inquirer, +SELEUCUS. + +G. BOUCHIER RICHARDSON. +Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Sept. 7. 1850. + + +_Havock_ (Vol. ii., p. 215.).--The presumed object of literary men being +the investigation of truth, your correspondent JARLTZBERG will, I trust, +pardon me for suggesting that his illustration of the word _havock_ is +incomplete, and especially with reference to the line of Shakspeare +which he has quoted: + + "Cry havock! and let slip the dogs of war." + +Grose, in his _History of English Armour_, vol. ii. p. 62., says that +_havok_ was the word given as a signal for the troops to disperse and +pillage, as may be learned from the following article in the _Droits of +the Marshal_, vol. ii. p. 229., wherein it is declared, that-- + + "In the article of plunder, all the sheep and hogs belong to + such private soldiers as can take them; and that on the word + havok being cried, every one might seize his part; but this + probably was only a small part of the licence supposed to be + given by the word." + +He also refers to the ordinance of Richard II. + +In agreeing with your correspondent that the use of this word was the +signal for general massacre, unlimited slaughter, and giving no quarter, +as well as taking plunder in the manner described above, the omission of +which I have to complain is, that, in stating no one was to raise the +cry, under penalty of losing his head, he did not add the words, "the +king excepted." It was a royal act; and Shakspeare so understood it to +be; as will appear from the passage referred to, if fully and fairly +quoted:-- + + "And CÊsar's spirit, ranging for revenge, + With AtÈ by his side, come hot from hell, + Shall in these confines, _with a monarch's voice_, + Cry Havock! and let slip the dogs of war." + _Julius CÊsar_ Act iii. + +It is not at this moment in my power to assist F.W. with the reference +to the history of Bishop Berkeley's giant, though it exists somewhere in +print. The subject of the experiment was a healthy boy, who died in the +end, in consequence of over-growth, promoted (as far as my recollection +serves me) principally by a peculiar diet. + +W(1). + + +_Becket's Mother._--I do not pretend to explain the facts mentioned by +MR. FOSS (Vol. ii., p. 106.), that the hospital founded in honour of +Becket was called "The Hospital of St. Thomas the Martyr, _of Acon_;" +and that he was himself styled "St. Thomas _Acrenis_, or _of Acre_;" but +I believe that the true explanation must be one which would not be a +hindrance to the rejection of the common story as to the Archbishop's +birth. _If_ these titles were intended to connect the Saint with Acre in +Syria, they may have originated after the legend had become popular. But +it seems to me more likely, that, like some other city churches and +chapels, that of St. Thomas got its designation from something quite +unconnected with the history of the patron. In particular, I would ask +what is the meaning of "St. Nicolas _Acons_?" And may not the same +explanation (whatever it be) serve for "St. Thomas _of Acon_?" Or the +hospital may have been built on some noted "acre" (like _Long Acre_ and +_Pedlars Acre_); and if afterwards churches in other places were +consecrated to St. Thomas under the designation "_of Acre_," (as to +which point I have no information), the churches of "our Lady _of +Loretto_," scattered over various countries, will supply a parallel. As +to the inference which Mr. Nichols (_Pilgrimages_, p. 120.) draws from +the name _Acrensis_, that Becket was _born at_ Acre, I must observe that +it introduces a theory which is altogether new, and not only opposed to +the opinion that the Archbishop was of English or Norman descent on both +sides, but _essentially_ contradictory of the legend as to the fair +Saracen who came from the East in search of her lover. + +J.C.R. + + +_Watching the Sepulchre_ (Vol. i., pp. 318. 354. 403.).--In the parish +books of Leicester various entries respecting the Sepulchre occur. In +the year 1546, when a sale took place of the furniture of St. Martin's +Church, the "Sepulchre light" was sold to Richard Rainford for +21s. 10d. In the reign of Queen Mary gatherings were made for the +"Sepulchre lights;" timber for making the lights cost 5s.; the light +itself, 4s.; and painting the Sepulchre, and a cloth for "our lady's +altar," cost 1s. 10d. Facts like these might be multiplied. + +JAYTEE. + + +_Portraits of Charles I. in Churches_ (Vol. i., pp. 137. 184.).--In +reference to this I have to state, that in the south aisle of the church +of St. Martin, in Leicester, a painting of this kind is yet to be seen, +or was lately. It was executed by a Mr. Rowley, for 10l., in the year +1686. It represents the monarch in a kneeling attitude. + +JAYTEE. + + +_Joachim, the French Ambassador_ (Vol. ii., p. 229.).--In Rapin's +_History of England_ I find this ambassador described as "Jean-Joachim +de Passau, Lord of Vaux." This may assist AMICUS. + +J.B.C. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +The Rev. Mackenzie Walcott, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford, whose +pleasant gossiping _Memorials of Westminster_, and _History of St. +Margaret's Church_, are no doubt familiar to many of our readers, is, as +an old Wykehamist, collecting information for a "History of Commoners +and the Two S. Marie Winton Colleges;" and will feel obliged by lists of +illustrious alumni, and any notes, archÊological and historical, about +that noble school, which will be duly acknowledged. + +The _Cambrian ArchÊological Association_, which was established in 1846 +for the purpose of promoting the study and preservation of the +antiquities of Wales and the Marches, held its fourth anniversary +meeting in the ancient and picturesque town of Dolgelly, during the week +commencing the 26th ultimo. The Association is endeavouring to extend +its usefulness by enlarging the number of its members; and as its +subscribing members receive in return for their yearly pound, not only +the Society's Journal, the _ArchÊologia Cambrensis_ but also the annual +volume of valuable archÊological matter published by the Association, we +cannot doubt but their exertions will meet the sympathy and patronage of +all who take an interest in the national and historical remains of the +principality. + +The preceding paragraph was scarcely finished when we received proof of +the utility of the Association in Mr. Freeman's volume, entitled +_Remarks on the Architecture of Llandaff Cathedral, with an Essay +towards a History of the Fabric_--a volume which, as we learn from the +preface, had its origin in the observations on some of the more singular +peculiarities of the fabric made by the author at the Cardiff meeting of +the Association in 1849. These remarks were further developed in a paper +in the _ArchÊologia Cambrensis_; and have now been expanded into the +present descriptive and historical account of a building which, to use +Mr. Freeman's words, "in many respects, both of its history and +architecture, stands quite alone among English churches." Mr. Freeman's +ability to do justice to such a subject is well known: and his work will +therefore assuredly find a welcome from the numerous body of students of +church architecture now to be found in this country; and to their +judgments we leave it. + +_Notes on Bishop Jeremy Taylor's Works._ A reprint being called for of +vol. vi. of the present edition of Bishop Taylor's works, the Editor +will be glad of any assistance towards verifying the references which +have been omitted. The volume is to go to press early in October. + +Messrs. Puttick and Simpson will commence on Monday next a six days' +sale of valuable books in all classes of literature; oriental, and other +manuscripts; autograph letters; engravings, miniatures, paintings, &c. + +Messrs. Southgate and Barrett will sell on Tuesday next some fine +portraits and engravings; together with a very interesting and extensive +collection of nearly 200 original proclamations (extending from 1631 to +1695), two books printed by Pynson, unknown to bibliographers (viz. +_Aphthonii SophistÊ PrÊxercitamenta_ and _Ciceronis Orationes +PhilippicÊ_ and a few valuable MSS). + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +ESSAYS, SCRIPTURAL, MORAL, AND LOGICAL, by W. and T. Ludlam. 2 vols. +8vo. London, 1807. + +ELDERFIELD (C.), DISQUISITIONS ON REGENERATION, BAPTISM, &c., 4to. +London, 1653. + +DODWELL (HENRY, M.A.), DISCOURSE PROVING FROM SCRIPTURES THAT THE SOUL +IS A PRINCIPLE NATURALLY MORTAL, &c. + +THE TALE OF A TUB REVERSED, for the universal Improvement of Mankind, +with a character of the Author. + +REFLECTIONS ON MR. BURCHET'S MEMOIRS, or, Remarks on his Account of +Captain Wilmot's Expedition to the West Indies, by Col. Luke +Lillingston. 1704. [Two copies wanted.] + +SEVEN CHAMPIONS OF CHRISTENDUM. [Any Edition before 1700.] + +CHAUCER'S CANTERBURY TALES AND OTHER POEMS, 2 vols. 12mo. [Cumberland's +Edition.] + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Notices to Correspondents. + +VOLUME THE FIRST OF NOTES AND QUERIES, _with Title-page and very copious +Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and may be had, by +order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured by the Trade at noon on Friday: so +that our country Subscribers ought to experience no difficulty in +receiving it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers are probably not +yet aware of this arrangement, which enables them to receive Copies in +their Saturday parcels._ + +W.A. _will find an article on_ "The Owl was once a Baker's Daughter," +_quoted by Shakspeare, in one of_ MR. THOMS' _Papers on the_ FOLK LORE +OF SHAKSPEARE, _published in the_ AthenÊum October and November 1847. + + * * * * * + +JUNIUS IDENTIFIED. + +In One Volume 8vo., price 6s., bds., (published in 1818 at 14s.). JUNIUS +IDENTIFIED with SIR PHILIP FRANCIS. By JOHN TAYLOR. Second Edition, with +the Appendix, containing the Plates of Handwriting. + +London: TAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, 28. Upper Gower-street; and 27. Ivy +Lane, Paternoster Row. + + * * * * * + +AMERICA AND IRELAND.--MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, Number XI. for 1850, +contains many curious and interesting books on the above Countries with +the usual valuable Miscellanies in all departments, Published this day, +GRATIS. + +The following Books may also be had of him:-- + +BALLAD ROMANCES, by R. H. HORNE, Esq., author of "Orion." +&c.--Containing the Noble Heart, a Bohemian Legend--The Monk of +Swinstead Abbey, a Ballad Chronicle of the Death of King John--The Three +Knights of Camelott, a Fairy Tale--The Ballad of Delora, or the Passion +of Andrea Como--Red Gelert, a Welsh Legend--Ben Capstan, A Ballad of the +Night Watch--The Elf of the Woodlands, a Child's Story, fcap. 8vo, +elegantly printed and bound in cloth, 248 pages, only 2s. 6d. + +CRITICISMS AND ESSAYS On the Writings of Atherstone, Blair, Bowles, Sir +E. Brydges, Carlyle, Carrington, Coleridge, Cowper, Croly, Gillfillian, +Graham, Hazlitt, Heber, Heraud, Harvey, Irving, Keats, Miller, Pollock, +Tighe, Wordsworth, and other Modern Writers, by the Rev. J.W. LESTER, +B.A., royal 8vo., 100 pages of closely printed letterpress, originally +published at 5s., reduced to 1s. 3d. 1848. + +"We give our cordial subscription to the general scope and tenor of his +views, which are in the main promulgated with a perspicuity and +eloquence not always found in the same individual."--_Church of England +Quarterly Review._ + +"Mr. Lester's volume is one of superior merit, and deserves a high rank +among works of its class."--_Tail's Edinburgh Review._ + +"He is the pioneer of the beautiful."--_Manchester Examiner._ + +FALLACY OF GHOSTS, DREAMS, AND OMENS, with Stories of Witchcraft, Life +in Death, and Monomania, by CHARLES OLLIER, 12mo., cloth. gilt, with +Illustrations by G. Measom, 250 pages of amusing letterpress, only 2s. + +JOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos-street, Trafalgar-square. + + * * * * * + +Old Engravings, early Printed Books, Manuscripts, &c. + +SOUTHGATE and BARRETT will SELL by AUCTION, at their Rooms, 22. +Fleet-street, on Tuesday, September 24, at 12. PORTRAITS and ENGRAVlNGS. +incliding many proofs, a very interesting and extensive collection of +original proclamations, two books printed by Pynson unknown to +bibliographers: also a few very valuable Manuscripts relating to the +counties of Stafford, Salon, Leicester, Wilts, &c., ancient statutes +upon vellum. heraldic MSS., &c. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, 8vo., price 8s., with numerous Illustrations by Messrs. +O. Jerrit and H. Shaw, + +REMARKS ON THE ARCHITECTURE OF LLANDAFF CATHEDRAL; with an Essay towards +a History of the Fabric. By EDWARD A. FREEMAN, M.A., late Fellow of +Trinity College, Oxford; author of the "History of Architecture." + +London: W. PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. Tenby: R. MASON. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, price 5s., in post 8vo., cloth lettered; if sent by +Post. 6s. + +THE POPE; Considered in his RELATIONS WITH THE CHURCH, TEMPORAL +SOVEREIGNTIES, SEPARATED CHURCHES, and the CAUSE OF CIVILISATION. By +COUNT JOSEPH DE MAISTRE. Translated by the Rev. AENEAS MC D. DAWSON. +Embellished with a Portrait of His Holiness Pope Pius IX. + +London: C. DOLMAN, 61. New Bond-street; and 48A. Paternoster Row. + + * * * * * + +THE PARLOUR LIBRARY, One Shilling each Volume. + +The Publishers beg to state that all G.P.R. JAMES's works lately out of +print are again reprinted, and may be had of every bookseller and at all +the railway stations. Works by the following popular authors have also +been published in the "Parlour Library:"-- + +A. Lamartine +G.P.R. James +Washington Irving +Miss Mitford +Author of "Emilia Wyndham" +Miss Austen +William Carleton +Gerald Griffin +Mary Howitt +T.C. Grattan +Mrs. S.C. Hall +Rodolph Toppfer +Leitch Ritchie +The O'Hara Family +W. Meinhold +Alex. Dumas + +SIMMS and M'INTYRE, 13. Paternoster Row, London, and Belfast. Sold at +all the Railway Stations. + + * * * * * + +Published by GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet-street. + +Now ready, 1 vol. 8vo., with etched Frontispiece, by Wehnert, and Eight +Engravings, price 15s. + +SABRINAE COROLLA: a Volume Of Classical Translations with original +Compositions contributed by Gentlemen educated at Shrewsbury School. + +Among the Contributors are the Head Masters of Shrewsbury. Stanford, +Repton, Birmingham, and Uppingham Schools; Andrew Lawson, Esq., late +M.P; the Rev. R. Shilleto, Cambridge; the Rev. T.S. Evans, Rugby; J. +Riddell, Esq., Fellow of Baliol College, Oxford; the Rev. E.M. Cope, +H.J. Hodgson, Esq., H.A.J. Munro, Esq., W.G. Clark, Esq., Fellows of +Trinity College, Cambridge, and many other distinguished Scholars from +both Universities. + +The Work is edited by three of the principal Contributors. + +"Highly creditable to the Scholarship of Shrewsbury, and indeed of +England, and we wish it heartily success."--_Guardian._ + +RULES FOR OVIDIAN VERSE, with some Hints on the Transition to the +Virgilian Hexameter, and an Introductory Preface. Edited by JAMES TATE, +A.M., Master of the Grammar School, Richmond. 8vo. sewed, 1s. 6d. + +FIRST STEPS TO LATIN VERSIFICATION, being an Analysis of the Scansion +and Structure of the Ovidian Verse. Price 6d. on sheet; folded in cloth, +1s. + +Just Published, fcp. 8vo., price 4s. 6d., cloth, + +CICERONIS CATO MAJOR, sive de Senectute, Laelius, site de Amicitia. et +EpistolÊ SelectÊ; with English Notes and an Index. By GEORGE LONG. Being +a second volume of the Grammar School Classics. + +"Mr. George Long has edited the De Senectute, and De Amicitia, together +with some of the Epistles of Cicero, and has contributed a very clever +preface upon the best way of teaching foreign, and especially classical, +languages. Mr. Long's ability and reputation render any writing of his +important, and his name is a pledge for the accuracy and value of the +edition."--_Guardian._ + +Also, a new edition, price 5s., + +XENOPHON'S ANABASIS, with English Notes and Three Maps. By the Rev. J.F. +MACMICHAEL, Master of the Grammar School, Burton-on-Trent. Being the +first volume of Grammar School Classics. + +"We can confidently recommend this as the best school edition, and we +feel certain that it will satisfy every reasonable demand that can be +made."--_Classical Museum._ + +12mo., cloth, 2s. 6d. + +SELECTIONS FROM OVID; AMORES, TRISTIA, HEROIDES, METAMORPHOSES: with +prefatory remarks. This Selection is intended to afford an introduction, +at once easy and unobjectionable, to a knowledge of the Latin Language, +after a boy has become well acquainted with the declensions of nouns and +pronouns, and the ordinary forms of verbs. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, September 21. 1850. + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 47, Saturday, September 21, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 47 *** + +***** This file should be named 13936-0.txt or 13936-0.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/9/3/13936/ + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team, and The Internet Library of Early Journals + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will +be renamed. + +Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright +law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, +so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United +States without permission and without paying copyright +royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part +of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm +concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, +and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive +specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this +eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook +for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, +performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given +away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks +not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the +trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. + +START: FULL LICENSE + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full +Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at +www.gutenberg.org/license. + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or +destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your +possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a +Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound +by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the +person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph +1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this +agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the +Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection +of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual +works in the collection are in the public domain in the United +States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the +United States and you are located in the United States, we do not +claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, +displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as +all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope +that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting +free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm +works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the +Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily +comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the +same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when +you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are +in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, +check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this +agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, +distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any +other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no +representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any +country outside the United States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other +immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear +prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work +on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, +performed, viewed, copied or distributed: + + This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and + most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no + restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it + under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this + eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the + United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you + are located before using this ebook. + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is +derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not +contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the +copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in +the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are +redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply +either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or +obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm +trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any +additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms +will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works +posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the +beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including +any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access +to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format +other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official +version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site +(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense +to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means +of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain +Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the +full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +provided that + +* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed + to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has + agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project + Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid + within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are + legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty + payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project + Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in + Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg + Literary Archive Foundation." + +* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all + copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue + all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm + works. + +* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of + any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of + receipt of the work. + +* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than +are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing +from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The +Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm +trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project +Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may +contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate +or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other +intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or +other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or +cannot be read by your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium +with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you +with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in +lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person +or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second +opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If +the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing +without further opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO +OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT +LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of +damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement +violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the +agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or +limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or +unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the +remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in +accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the +production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, +including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of +the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this +or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or +additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any +Defect you cause. + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of +computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It +exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations +from people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future +generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see +Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at +www.gutenberg.org + + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by +U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the +mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its +volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous +locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt +Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to +date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and +official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact + +For additional contact information: + + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND +DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular +state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To +donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project +Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be +freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and +distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of +volunteer support. + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in +the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not +necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper +edition. + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search +facility: www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + diff --git a/old/13936-0.zip b/old/13936-0.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..638ff5c --- /dev/null +++ b/old/13936-0.zip diff --git a/old/13936-h.zip b/old/13936-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..7a7c938 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/13936-h.zip diff --git a/old/13936-h/13936-h.htm b/old/13936-h/13936-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cfa32e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/13936-h/13936-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2402 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" +"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> +<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Notes And Queries, Issue 47.</title> + +<style type="text/css"> + + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.adverts {width: 100%; height: 5px; color: black;} + html>body hr.adverts {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.short {text-align: center; width: 20%;} + html>body hr.short {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;} + + + .note, .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; + font-size: 0.9em;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; + text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 4em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 6em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 8em;} + .poem p.i10 {margin-left: 10em;} + .poem .caesura {vertical-align: -200%;} + + span.pagenum {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; + font-size: 8pt;} + + p.author {text-align: right;} + +</style> +</head> +<body> + + +<pre> +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 47, Saturday, September 21, 1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most +other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions +whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of +the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at +www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have +to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 47, Saturday, September 21, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: November 3, 2004 [EBook #13936] +[Most recently updated: October 14, 2020] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 47 *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team, and The Internet Library of Early Journals + + + + + + +</pre> + +<h1><span class="pagenum"><a id="page257" name= "page257"></a></span>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> +<hr class="full" /> +<table summary="masthead" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td align="left"><b>No. 47.</b></td> +<td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, +1850</b></td> +<td align="right"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> +Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> +<table summary=""> +<tr> +<td align="left">NOTES:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Old Songs</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page257">257</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">"Junius Identified." by J. Taylor</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page258">258</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Folk Lore:—Spiders a Cure for +Ague—Funeral Superstition—Folk Lore Rhymes</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page259">259</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">On a Passage in the Tempest, by S.W. Singer</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page259">259</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Punishment of Death of Burning</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page260">260</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Note on Morganatic Marriages</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page261">261</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Notes:—Alderman Beckford—Frozen +Horn—Inscription translated—Parallel +Passages—Note on George Herbert's Poems—"Crede quod +habes"—Grant to Earl of Sussex—First Woman formed from +a Rib—Beau Brummell's Ancestry</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page262">262</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Gray's Elegy and Dodsley's Poems</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page264">264</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Hugh Holland and his Works, by E.F. Rimbault, +L.L.D.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page265">265</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Harvey and the Circulation of the Blood</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page266">266</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Queries:—Bernardus +Patricius—Meaning of Hanger—Cat and +Bagpipes—Andrew Becket—Laurence Minot—Modena +Family—Bamboozle—Butcher's Blue Dress—Hatchment +and Atchievement—"Te colui Virtutem"—"Illa suavissima +Vita"—Christianity, Early Influence of—Meaning of +Wraxen—Saint, Legend of a—Land +Holland—Farewell—Stepony Ale—"Regis ad +Exemplar"—La Caronacquerie—Rev. T. +Tailer—Mistletoe as a Christmas Evergreen—Poor Robin's +Almanacks—Sirloin—Thompson of Esholt</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page266">266</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">REPLIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Replies to Minor +Queries:—Pension—Execution of Charles I.—Paper +Hangings—Black-guard—Pilgrims' Road—Combs buried +with the Dead—Aërostation—St. Thomas of +Lancaster—Smoke Money—Robert +Herrich—Guildhalls—Abbé Strickland—Long +Conkin—Havock—Becket's Mother—Watching the +Sepulchre—Portraits of Charles I.—Joachim, the French +Ambassador</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page269">269</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page271">271</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes Wanted</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page271">271</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page271">271</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Advertisements</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page272">272</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>NOTES.</h2> +<h3>OLD SONGS.</h3> +<p>I heard, "in other days," a father singing a comic old song to +one of his children, who was sitting on his knee. This was in +Yorkshire: and yet it could hardly be a Yorkshire song, as the +scene was laid in another county. It commenced with—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Randle O'Shay has sold his mare</p> +<p>For nineteen groats at Warrin'ton fair,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>and goes on to show how the simpleton was cheated out of his +money.</p> +<p>I find in Hasted's <i>History of Kent</i> (vol. i. p. 468., 2nd +edit.) mention made of the family of Shaw, who held the manor of +Eltham, &c., and who "derive themselves from the county +palatine of Chester." It is further stated that <i>Randal de +Shaw</i>, his son, was settled at Haslington Hall in that +county.</p> +<p>All, indeed, that this proves is, the probability of the hero of +the song being also a native of Cheshire, or one of the adjacent +counties; and that the legend is a truth, even as to names as well +as general facts. The song is worthy of recovery and preservation, +as a remnant of English character and manners; and I have only +referred to Hasted to point out the probable district in which it +will be found.</p> +<p>There are many other characteristics of the manners of the +humbler classes to be found in songs that had great local +popularity within the period of living memory; for instance, the +<i>Wednesbury Cocking</i> amongst the colliers of Staffordshire and +<i>Rotherham Status</i> amongst the cutlers of Sheffield. Their +language, it is true, is not always very delicate—perhaps was +not even at the time these songs were composed,—as they +picture rather the exuberant freaks of a half-civilised people than +the better phases of their character. Yet even these form "part and +parcel" of the history of "the true-born Englishman."</p> +<p>One song more may be noticed here:—the rigmarole, snatches +of which probably most of us have heard, which contains an immense +number of mere truisms having no connexion with each others, and no +bond of union but the metrical form in which their juxtaposition is +effected, and the rhyme, which is kept up very well throughout, +though sometimes by the introduction of a nonsense line. Who does +not remember—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"A yard of pudding's not an ell,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>or</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Not forgetting <i>dytherum di</i>,</p> +<p>A tailor's goose can never fly,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>and other like parts?</p> +<p>It is just such a piece of burlesque as Swift might have +written: but many circumstances lead me to think it must be much +older. Has it ever been printed?</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page258" id= "page258"></a></span>There is +another old (indeed an evidently very ancient) song, +which I do not remember to have seen in print, or even referred to +in print. None of the books into which I have looked, from deeming +them likely to contain it, make the least reference to this song. I +have heard it in one of the midland counties, and in one of the +western, both many years ago; but I have not heard it in London or +any of the metropolitan districts. The song begins thus:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"London Bridge is broken down,</p> +<p class="i2">Dance over my Lady Lea:</p> +<p>London Bridge is broken down,</p> +<p class="i2">With a gay ladée."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>This must surely refer to some event preserved in +history,—may indeed be well known to well-read antiquaries, +though so totally unknown to men whose general pursuits (like my +own) have lain in other directions. The present, however, is an age +for "popularising" knowledge; and your work has assumed that task +as one of its functions.</p> +<p>The difficulties attending such inquiries as arise out of +matters so trivial as an old ballad, are curiously illustrated by +the answers already printed respecting the "wooing frog." In the +first place, it was attributed to times within living memory; then +shown to exceed that period, and supposed to be very +old,—even as old as the Commonwealth, or, perhaps, as the +Reformation. This is objected to, from "the style and wording of +the song being evidently of a much later period than the age of +Henry VIII.;" and Buckingham's "mad" scheme of taking Charles into +Spain to woo the infanta is substituted. This is enforced by the +"burden of the song;" whilst another correspondent considers this +"chorus" to be an old one, analogous to "Down derry +down:"—that is, M. denies the force of MR. MAHONY's +explanation altogether!</p> +<p>(Why MR. MAHONY calls a person in his "sixth decade" a +"sexagenarian" he best knows. Such is certainly not the ordinary +meaning of the term he uses. His pun is good, however.)</p> +<p>Then comes the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT, with a very decisive proof +that neither in the time of James I., nor of the Commonwealth, +could it have originated. His transcript from Mr. Collier's +<i>Extracts</i> carries it undeniably back to the middle of the +reign of Elizabeth. Of course, it is interesting to find +intermediate versions or variations of the ballad, and even the +adaptation of its framework to other ballads of recent times, such +as "Heigho! says Kemble,"—one of the Drury Lane "O.P. Row" +ballads (<i>Rejected Addresses</i>, last ed., or Cunningham's +<i>London</i>). Why the conjecture respecting Henry VIII. is so +contemptuously thrown aside as a "fancy," I do not see. A +<i>fancy</i> is a dogma taken up without proof, and in the teeth of +obvious probability,—tenaciously adhered to, and all +investigation eschewed. This at least is the ordinary signification +of the term, in relation to the search after truth. How far my own +conjecture, or the mode of putting it, fulfills these conditions, +it is not necessary for me to discuss: but I hope the usefulness +and interest of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" will not be marred by any +discourtesy of one correspondent towards another.</p> +<p>At the same time, the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT has done the most +essential service to this inquiry by his extract from Mr. Collier, +as the question is thereby inclosed within exceedingly narrow +limits. But if the ballad do not refer to Henry VIII., to whom can +it be referred with greater probability? It is too much to assume +that all the poetry, wit, and talent of the Tudor times were +confined to the partizans of the Tudor cause, religious or +political. We <i>know</i>, indeed, the contrary. But for his +communication, too, the singular coincidence of two such +characteristic words of the song in the "Poley Frog" (in the same +number of the "NOTES AND QUERIES") might have given rise to another +conjecture: but the <i>date</i> excludes its further +consideration.</p> +<p>I may add, that since this has been mooted, an Irish gentleman +has told me that the song was familiar enough in Dublin; and he +repeated some stanzas of it, which were considerably different from +the version of W.A.G., and the chorus the same as in the common +English version. I hope presently to receive a complete copy of it: +which, by the bye, like everything grotesquely humorous in Ireland, +was attributed to the author of <i>Gulliver's Travels</i>.</p> +<p class="author">T.S.D.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>"JUNIUS IDENTIFIED."</h3> +<p>It is fortunate for my reputation that I am still living to +vindicate my title to the authorship of my own book, which seems +otherwise in danger of being taken from me.</p> +<p>I can assure your correspondent R.J. (Vol. ii., p. 103.) that I +was not only "literally <i>the writer</i>," (as he kindly suggests, +with a view of saving my credit for having put my name to the +book), but in its fullest sense <i>the author of "Junius +Identified"</i>; and that I never received the slightest assistance +from Mr. Dubois, or any other person, either in collecting or +arranging the evidence, or in the composition and correction of the +work. After I had completed my undertaking, I wrote to Mr. Dubois +to ask if he would allow me to see the handwriting of Sir Philip +Francis, that I might <span class="pagenum"><a name="page259" id= +"page259"></a></span> compare it with the published +fac-similes of the handwriting of Junius; but he refused my +request. His letter alone disproved the notion entertained by R.J. +and others, that Mr. Dubois was in any degree connected with me, or +with the authorship of the work in question.</p> +<p>With regard to the testimony of Lord Campbell, I wrote to his +lordship in February, 1848, requesting his acceptance of a copy of +<i>Junius Identified</i>, which I thought he might not have seen; +and having called his attention to my name at the end of the +preface, I begged he would, when opportunity offered, correct his +error in having attributed the work to Mr. Dubois. I was satisfied +with his lordship's reply, which was to the effect that he was +ashamed of his mistake, and would take care to correct it. No new +edition of that series of the <i>Lives of the Chancellors</i>, +which contains the "Life of Lord Loughborough," has since been +published. The present edition is dated 1847.</p> +<p>R.J. says further, that "the late Mr. George Woodfall always +spoke of the <i>pamphlet</i> as the work of Dubois;" and that Sir +Fortunatus Dwarris states, "the <i>pamphlet</i> is said, I know not +with what truth, to have been prepared under the eye of Sir Philip +Francis, it may be through the agency of Dubois." If <i>Junius +Identified</i> be alluded to in these observations as a +<i>pamphlet</i>, it would make me doubt whether R.J., or either of +his authorities, ever saw the book. It is an 8vo. vol. The first +edition, containing 380 pages, was published in 1816, at +12<i>s.</i> The second edition, which included the supplement, +exceeded 400 pages, and was published in 1818, at 14<i>s.</i> The +supplement, which contains the plates of handwriting, was sold +separately at 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, to complete the first edition, +but this could not have been the pamphlet alluded to in the +preceding extracts. I suspect that when the work is spoken of as a +pamphlet, and this if often done, the parties thus describing it +have known it only through the medium of the critique in the +<i>Edinburgh Review</i>.</p> +<p>Mr. Dubois was the author of the biography of Sir Philip +Francis, first printed in the <i>Monthly Mirror</i> for May and +June, 1810, and reprinted in <i>Junius Identified</i>, with +acknowledgment of the source from which it was taken. To this +biography the remarks of Sir Fortunatus Dwarris are strictly +applicable, except that it never appeared in the form of a +pamphlet.</p> +<p class="author">JOHN TAYLOR.</p> +<p>30. Upper Gower Street, Sept. 7. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> +<p><i>Spiders a Cure for Ague</i> (Vol. ii., p. 130.).—Seeing +a note on this subject reminds me that a few years since, a lady in +the south of Ireland was celebrated far and near, amongst her +poorer neighbours, for the cure of this disorder. Her universal +remedy was a large house-spider alive, and enveloped in treacle or +preserve. Of course the parties were carefully kept in ignorance of +what the wonderful remedy was.</p> +<p>Whilst I am on the subject of cures, I may as well state that in +parts of the co. Carlow, the blood drawn from a black cat's ear, +and rubbed upon the part affected, is esteemed a certain cure for +St. Anthony's fire.</p> +<p class="author">JUNIOR.</p> +<p><i>Funeral Superstition.</i>—A few days ago the body of a +gentleman in this neighbourhood was conveyed to the hearse, and +while being placed in it, the door of the house, whether from +design or inadvertence I know not, was closed before the friends +came out to take their places in the coaches. An old lady, who was +watching the proceedings, immediately exclaimed, "God bless me! +they have closed the door upon the corpse: there will be another +death in that house before many days are over." She was fully +impressed with this belief, and unhappily this impression has been +confirmed. The funeral was on Saturday, and on the Monday morning +following a young man, resident in the house, was found dead in +bed, having died under the influence of chloroform, which he had +inhaled, self-administered, to relieve the pain of toothache or +tic-douloureux.</p> +<p>Perhaps the superstition may have come before you already; but +not having met with it myself, I thought it might be equally new to +others.</p> +<p class="author">H.J.</p> +<p>Sheffield.</p> +<hr /> +<p><i>Folk Lore Rhymes.</i>—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Find odd-leafed ash, and even-leafed clover,</p> +<p>And you'll see your true love before the day's over."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>If you wish to see your lover, throw salt on the fire every +morning for nine days, and say—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"It is not salt I mean to burn,</p> +<p>But my true lover's heart I mean to turn;</p> +<p>Wishing him neither joy nor sleep,</p> +<p>Till he come back to me and speak."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"If you marry in Lent,</p> +<p>You will live to repent."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">WEDSECNARF.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>EMENDATION OF A PASSAGE IN THE "TEMPEST."</h3> +<p>Premising that I should approach the text of our great poet with +an almost equal degree of awful reverence with that which +characterises his two latest editors, I must confess that I should +not have the same respect for evident errors of the printers of the +early editions, which they have occasionally shown. In the +following passage in the <i>Tempest</i>, Act i., Scene 1., this +forbearance has not, however, been the cause of the very +unsatisfactory state in which they have both left it. I +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page260" id= +"page260"></a></span> must be indulged in citing at length, +that the context may the more clearly show what was really the +poet's meaning:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Enter FERDINAND <i>bearing a Log</i>.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"<i>Fer.</i> There be some sports are painful; and their +labour</p> +<p>Delight in them sets off; some kinds of baseness</p> +<p>Are nobly undergone; and most poor matters</p> +<p>Point to rich ends. This my mean task</p> +<p>Would be as heavy to me, as odious; but</p> +<p>The mistress, which I serve, quickens what's dead,</p> +<p>And makes my labours pleasures: O! she is</p> +<p>Ten times more gentle than her father's crabbed;</p> +<p>And he's composed of harshness. I must remove</p> +<p>Some thousands of these logs, and pile them up,</p> +<p>Upon a sore injunction: My sweet mistress</p> +<p>Weeps when she sees me work; and says such business</p> +<p>Had never like executor. I forget:</p> +<p>But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours;</p> +<p>Most busy lest when I do it."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Mr. Collier reads these last two lines thus—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours;</p> +<p>Most busy, least when I do it."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>with the following note—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The meaning of this passage seems to have been misunderstood by +all the commentators. Ferdinand says that the thoughts of Miranda +so refresh his labours, that when he is most busy he seems to feel +his toil <i>least</i>. It is printed in the folio 1623,—</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>'Most busy <i>lest</i> when I do it,'</p> +</div> +</div> +<blockquote> +<p>—a trifling error of the press corrected in the folio +1632, although Theobald tells us that both the oldest editions read +<i>lest</i>. Not catching the poet's meaning, he +printed,—</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>'Most busy-<i>less</i> when I do it,'</p> +</div> +</div> +<blockquote> +<p>and his supposed emendation has ever since been taken as the +text; even Capell adopted it. I am happy in having Mr. Amyot's +concurrence in this restoration."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Mr. Knight adopts Theobald's reading, and Mr. Dyce approves it +in the following words:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"When Theobald made the emendation, 'Most busy-<i>less</i>,' he +observed that 'the corruption was so very little removed from the +truth of the text, that he could not afford to think well of his +own sagacity for having discovered it.' The correction is, indeed, +so obvious that we may well wonder that it had escaped his +predecessors; but we must wonder ten times more that one of his +successors, in a blind reverence for the old copy, should +re-vitiate the text, and defend a corruption which outrages +language, taste, and common sense."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Although at an earlier period of life I too adopted Theobald's +supposed emendation, it never satisfied me. I have my doubts +whether the word <i>busyless</i> existed in the poet's time; and if +it did, whether he could possibly have used it here. Now it is +clear that <i>labours</i> is a misprint for <i>labour</i>; else, to +what does "when I do <i>it</i>" refer? <i>Busy lest</i> is only a +typographical error for <i>busyest</i>: the double superlative was +commonly used, being considered as more emphatic, by the poet and +his contemporaries.</p> +<p>Thus in Hamlet's letter, Act ii. Sc. 2.:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"I love thee best, O <i>most best</i>."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>and in <i>King Lear</i>, Act ii. Sc. 3.:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"To take the basest and <i>most poorest</i> shape."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The passage will then stand thus:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"But these sweet thoughts, do even refresh my labour,</p> +<p>Most busiest when I do it."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The sense will be perhaps more evident by a mere transposition, +preserving every word:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"But these sweet thoughts, most busiest when I do</p> +<p>My labour, do even refresh it."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Here we have a clear sense, devoid of all ambiguity, and +confirmed by what precedes; that his labours are made pleasures, +being beguiled by these sweet thoughts of his mistress, which are +busiest when he labours, because it excites in his mind the memory +of her "weeping to see him work." The correction has also the +recommendation of being effected in so simple a manner as by merely +taking away two superfluous letters. I trust I need say no more; +secure of the approbation of those who (to use the words of an +esteemed friend on another occasion) feel "that making an opaque +spot in a great work transparent is not a labour to be scorned, and +that there is a pleasant sympathy between the critic and +bard—dead though he be—on such occasions, which is an +ample reward."</p> +<p class="author">S.W. SINGER</p> +<p>Mickleham, Aug 30. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>PUNISHMENT OF DEATH BY BURNING.</h3> +<h4>(Vol. ii., pp. 6. 50. 90. 165.)</h4> +<p>In the "NOTES AND QUERIES" of Saturday, the 10th of August, +SENEX gives some account of the burning of a female in the Old +Bailey, "about the year 1788."</p> +<p>Having myself been present at the last execution of a female in +London, where the body was burnt (being probably that to which +SENEX refers), and as few persons who were then present may now be +alive, I beg to mention some circumstances relative to that +execution, which appear to be worthy of notice.</p> +<p>Our criminal law was then most severe and cruel: the legal +punishment of females convicted of high treason and petty treason +was burning; coining was held to be high treason; and murder of a +husband was petty treason.</p> +<p>I see it stated in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, that on the +13th of March, 1789,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The Recorder of London made his report to His Majesty of the +prisoners under sentence of death in Newgate, convicted in the +Sessions of September, October, November, and January (forty-six in +number), <span class="pagenum"><a name="page261" id= +"page261"></a></span> fourteen of whom were ordered for +execution; five of whom were afterwards reprieved."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The recorder's report in regard to these unfortunate persons had +been delayed during the incapacity of the king; thus the report for +four sessions had been made at once. To have decided at one sitting +of council upon such a number of cases, must have almost been +enough to overset the strongest mind. Fortunately, these reports +are now abolished.</p> +<p>In the same number of the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, under +date the 18th of March, there is this statement,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The nine following malefactors were executed before the +Debtors' Door at Newgate pursuant to their sentence, viz., Hugh +Murphy and Christian Murphy <i>alias</i> Bowman, Jane Grace, and +Joseph Walker, for coining. [Four for burglary, and one for highway +robbery.] They were brought upon the scaffold, about half an hour +after seven, and <i>turned off</i> about a quarter past eight. The +woman for coining was brought out after the rest were turned off, +and fixed to a stake and burnt; being first strangled by the stool +being taken from under her."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This is the execution at which I was present; the number of +those who suffered, and the burning of the female, attracted a very +great crowd. Eight of the malefactors suffered on the scaffold, +then known as "the new drop." After they were suspended, the woman, +in a white dress, was brought out of Newgate alone; and after some +time spent in devotion, was hung on the projecting arm of a low +gibbet, fixed at a little distance from the scaffold. After the +lapse of a sufficient time to extinguish life, faggots were piled +around her, and over her head, so that her person was completely +covered: fire was then set to the pile, and the woman was consumed +to ashes.</p> +<p>In the following year, 1790, I heard sentence passed in the +Criminal Court, in the Old Bailey, upon other persons convicted of +coining: one of them was a female. The sentence upon her was, that +she should be "drawn to the place of execution, and there burnt +with fire till she was dead."</p> +<p>The case of this unfortunate woman, and the cruel state of the +law in regard to females, then attracted attention. On the 10th of +May, 1790, Sir Benjamin Hammett, in his place in the House of +Commons, called the attention of that House to the then state of +the law. He mentioned that it had been his official duty to attend +on the melancholy occasion of the burning of the female in the +preceding year (it is understood he was then one of the sheriffs of +London), he moved for leave to bring in a bill to alter the law, +which he characterised as—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"One of the savage remains of Norman policy, disgracing our +statute book, as the practice did the common law."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>He noticed that the sheriff who did not execute the sentence of +burning alive was liable to a prosecution; but he thanked Heaven +there was not a man in England who would carry such a sentence into +effect. He obtained leave to bring in a bill for altering this +cruel law; and in that session the Act 30 G. III. c. 48. was +passed—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"For discontinuing the judgment which has been required by law +to be given against women convicted of certain crimes, and +substituting another judgment in lieu thereof."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>A debt of gratitude is due to the memory of Sir Benjamin +Hammett, for his exertions, at that period, in the cause of +humanity. Thank God, we now live in times when the law is less +cruel, and more chary of human life.</p> +<p class="author">OCTOGENARIUS.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>A NOTE ON MORGANATIC MARRIAGES.</h3> +<p>Grimm (<i>Deutsche Rechts Alterthumer</i>, vol. ii., p. 417.), +after a long dissertation, in which it appears that the money paid +by the bridegroom to the wife's relations (I believe subsequently +also to the wife herself) had every form of a <i>purchase</i>, +possibly derived also from some <i>symbolic</i> customs common to +all northern tribes, offers the following as the origin of this +word "morganatic:"—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Es gab aber im Alterthum noch einen erlaubten Ausweg für +die Verbindung vorneluner Männer mit geringen (freien und +selbst unfreien) Frauen, den <i>Concubinat</i>, der ohne +feierliches Verlöbniss, ohne <i>Brautgabe</i> und +<i>Mitgift</i> eingegangen wurde, mithin <i>keine wahre und volle +Ehe</i>, dennoch ein rechtmässiges Verhältniss war.</p> +<p>"Da jedoch die Kirche ein solches Verhältniss missbilligte +durch keine Einsegnung weihte, so wurde es allmählich +unerlaubt und verboten als Ausnahme aber bis auf die neueste Zeit +für Fürsten zugelassen—ja durch Trauung an die +linke Hand gefeiert. Die Benennung Morganatische +Ehe,—Matrimonium ad Morganaticam (11. Feud. 29.), rührt +daher, dass <i>den Concubinen</i> eine <i>Morgangabe</i> (woraus im +Mittelalter die Lombarden '<i>Morganatica</i>' +machten)—bewilligt zu werden pflegte—<i>es waren Ehen +auf blosse Morgengabe</i>. Den Beweis liefern Urkunden, die +Morganatica für Morgengabe auch in Fallen gebrauchen wo von +wahrer Ehe die Rede ist." (See Heinecius, <i>Antiq</i>. 3. 157, +158.)</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The case now stands thus:</p> +<p>It was the custom to give money to the wife's relations on the +marriage-day.</p> +<p>It was not the custom with respect to unequal marriage +(Misheirath): this took place "ohne Brautgabe und Mitgift," which +was also of later origin.</p> +<p>The exception made by the Church for <i>princes</i>, restored +the woman so far, that the marriage was legally and morally +recognised by the Lombard law and the Church, with exceptions as +regards <i>issue</i>, and that the left hand was given for the +<i>right</i>.</p> +<p>With regard to this latter, it would be desirable <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page262" id="page262"></a></span> to trace +whether giving of the hand had any <i>symbolic</i> meaning. I think +the astrologists consider the right as the nobler part of the body; +if so, giving of <i>the left</i> in this case is not without +symbolic significance. It must be remembered how much symbolism +prevailed among the tribes which swept Europe on the fall of the +Roman empire, and their Eastern origin.</p> +<p>The Morgengabe, according to Cancianus (<i>Leges Barbarorum</i>, +tom. iv. p. 24.), was at first a <i>free gift</i> made by the +husband after the first marriage night. This was carried to such +excess, that Liutprand ordained</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Tamen ipsum Morgengabe volumus, ut non sit amplius nisi quarta +pars ejus substantia, qui ipsum Morgengabe dedit."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This became subsequently converted into a <i>right</i> termed +<i>justitia</i>.</p> +<p>Upon this extract from a charter,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Manifesta causa est mihi, quoniam die ilio quando te sposavi, +promiseram tibi dare <i>justitiam</i> tuam secundum <i>legem +meam</i> [qr. <i>my Lombard</i> law in opposition to the Roman, +which he had a right to choose,] in Morgencap, id est, quartam +portionem omnium rerum mobilium et immobilium," &c.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Cancianus thus comments:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Animadverte, quam recte charta hæc cum supra alligatis +formulis conveniat. Sponsus promiserat Morgencap, quando feminam +desponsaverat, inde vero ante conjugium chartam conscribit: et quod +et Liutprandi lege, et ex antiquis moribus <i>Donum</i> fuit mere +gratuitum, hic appellatur <i>Justitia</i> secundum legem +Langobardorum."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The Morgencap here assumes, I apprehend, somewhat the form of +<i>dower</i>. That it was so, is very doubtful. (Grimm, vol. ii. p. +441. "Morgengabe.")</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"An demselben Morgen empfängt die JungFrau von ihrem Gemahl +ein ansehnliches Geschenk, welches Morgengabe heisst. Schon in der +Pactio Guntherammi et Childeberti, werden Dos und Morganagiba +<i>unterschieden</i>, ebenso <i>Leg. Rip.</i> 37. 2. <i>Alaman</i>. +56. 1, 2. Dos und Morgangeba; <i>Lex Burgend.</i> 42. 2. Morgangeba +und das 'pretium nuptiale;' bei den Langobarden, 'Meta und +Morgengab.'"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I do not say this answers the question of your correspondent G., +which is, what is the <i>derivation</i> of the word?</p> +<p>Its actual signification, I think, means left-handed; but to +think is not to resolve, and the question is open to the charitable +contributions of your learned and able supporters.</p> +<p>As regards the Fairy Morgana, who was married to a mortal, I +confess, with your kind permission, I had rather not accept her as +a satisfactory reply. It is as though you would accept "once upon a +time" as a chronological date! She was <i>married</i> to a +mortal—true; but <i>morganatically</i>, I doubt it. If +morganatic came from this, it should appear the <i>Fairy +Morgana</i> was the <i>first lady</i> who so underwent the +ceremony. Do not forget Lurline, who married also a mortal, of whom +the poet so prettily sings:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i10">"Lurline hung her head,</p> +<p class="i10">Turned pale, and then red;</p> +<p>And declared his abruptness in popping the question</p> +<p>So soon after dinner had spoilt her digestion."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>This lady's marriage resembled the other in all respects, and I +leave you to decide, and no man is more competent, from your +extensive knowledge of the mythology of Medieval Europe, whether +Morgana, beyond the mere accident of her name, was more likely than +Lurline to have added a word with a puzzling etymology to the +languages of Europe. The word will, I think, be found of Eastern +origin, clothed in a Teutonic form.</p> +<p>After all, Jacob Grimm and Cancianus may interest your readers, +and so I send the Note.</p> +<p class="author">S.H.</p> +<p>Athenæum, Sept. 6. 1850</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MINOR NOTES.</h3> +<p><i>Alderman Beckford.</i>—Gifford (<i>Ben Jonson</i>, vol. +vi. p. 481.) has the following note:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The giants of Guildhall, thank heaven, yet defend their charge: +it only remains to wish that the citizens may take example by the +fate of Holmeby, and not expose them to an attack to which they +will assuredly be found unequal. It is not altogether owing to +their wisdom that this has not already taken place. For twenty +years they were chained to the car of a profligate buffoon, who +dragged them through every species of ignominy to the verge of +rebellion; and their hall is even yet disgraced with the statue of +a worthless negro-monger, in the act of insulting their sovereign +with a speech of which (factious and brutal as he was) <i>he never +uttered one syllable</i>." ... "By my troth, captain, these are +very bitter words."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>But Gifford was <i>generally</i> correct in his assertions; and +twenty-two years after <i>his</i> note, I made the following +one:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"It is a curious fact, but a true one, that Beckford <i>did not +utter one syllable of this speech</i>. It was penned by Horne +Tooke, and by his art put on the records of the city and on +Beckford's statue, as he told me, Mr. Braithwaite, Mr. Seyers, +&c., at the Athenian Club.</p> +<p>"ISAAC REED.</p> +<p>"See the <i>Times</i> Of July 23. 1838, p. 6."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The worshipful Company of Ironmongers have <i>relegated +their</i> statue from their hall to a lower position: but it still +disgraces the Guildhall, and will continue to do so, as long as any +factious demagogue is permitted to have a place among its +members.</p> +<p class="author">L.S.</p> +<p><i>The Frozen Horn.</i>—Perhaps it is not generally known +that the writer of <i>Munchausen's Travels</i> borrowed this +amusing incident from Heylin's <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page263" id="page263"></a></span> <i>Mikrokosmos</i>. In the +section treating of Muscovy, he says:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"This excesse of cold in the ayre, gave occasion to +<i>Castilian</i>, in his <i>Aulicus</i>, wittily and not +incongruously to faine that if two men being smewhat distant, talke +together in the winter, their words will be so frozen that they +cannot be heard: but if the parties in the spring returne to the +same place, their words will melt in the same order that they were +frozen and <i>spoken</i>, and be plainly understood."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">J.S.</p> +<p>Salisbury.</p> +<p><i>Inscription from Roma Subterranea.</i>—If you deem the +translation of this inscription, quoted in Lord Lindsay's fanciful +but admirable <i>Sketches of the History of Christian Art</i>, +worth a place among your Notes, it is very heartily at your +service.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Sisto viator</p> +<p>Tot ibi trophæa, quot ossa</p> +<p>Quot martyres, tot triumphi.</p> +<p>Antra quæ subis, multa quæ cernis marmora,</p> +<p>Vel dum silent,</p> +<p>Palam Romæ gloriam loquuntur.</p> +<p>Audi quid Echo resonet</p> +<p>Subterraneæ Romæ!</p> +<p>Obscura licet Urbis Cœmetria</p> +<p>Totius patens Orbis Theatrium!</p> +<p>Supplex Loci Sanetitatem venerare,</p> +<p>Et post hac sub luto aurum</p> +<p>Coelum sub coeno</p> +<p>Sub Româ Romam quærito!"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>Roma Subterranea</i>, 1651, tom. i. p. 625.</p> +<p>(Inscription abridged.)</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Stay, wayfarer—behold</p> +<p>In ev'ry mould'ring bone a trophy here.</p> +<p>In all these hosts of martyrs,</p> +<p>So many triumphs.</p> +<p>These vaults—these countless tombs,</p> +<p>E'en in their very silence</p> +<p>Proclaim aloud Rome's glory:</p> +<p>The echo'd fame</p> +<p>Of subterranean Rome</p> +<p>Rings on the ear.</p> +<p>The city's sepulchres, albeit hidden,</p> +<p>Present a spectacle</p> +<p>To the wide world patent.</p> +<p>In lowly rev'rence hail this hallow'd spot,</p> +<p>And henceforth learn</p> +<p>Gold beneath dross</p> +<p>Heav'n below earth,</p> +<p>Rome under Rome to find!</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">F.T.J.B.</p> +<p>Brookthorpe.</p> +<p><i>Parallel Passages.</i>—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>There is an acre sown with royal seed</i>, the copy of the +greatest change from rich to naked, from cieled roofs to arched +coffins, from <i>living like gods to die like +men</i>."—Jeremy Taylor's <i>Holy Dying</i>, chap. i. sect. +1. p. 272. ed. Edin.</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"<i>Here's an acre sown</i> indeed</p> +<p><i>With</i> the richest <i>royalest seeds</i>,</p> +<p>That the earth did e'er suck in,</p> +<p>Since the first man dyed for sin:</p> +<p>Here the bones of birth have cried,</p> +<p>Though <i>gods they were, as men they died</i>."</p> +<p>F. BEAUMONT</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">M.W. Oxon.</p> +<p><i>A Note on George Herbert's Poems.</i>—In the notes by +Coleridge attached to Pickering's edition of George Herbert's +<i>Poems</i>, on the line—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"My flesh beg<i>u</i>n unto my soul in pain,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Coleridge says—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Either a misprint, or noticeable idiom of the word +<i>began</i>: Yes! and a very beautiful idiom it is: the first +colloquy or address of the flesh."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The idiom is still in use in Scotland. "You had better not begin +to me," is the first address or colloquy of the school-boy +half-angry half-frightened at the bullying of a companion. The +idiom was once English, though now obsolete. Several instances of +it are given in the last edition of Foxe's <i>Martyrs</i>, vol. vi. +p. 627. It has not been noticed, however, that the same idiom +occurs in one of the best known passages of Shakspeare; in +Clarence's dream, <i>Richard III.</i>, Act i. Sc. 4.:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"O, then <i>began</i> the tempest <i>to</i> my soul."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Herbert's <i>Poems</i> will afford another illustration to +Shakspeare, <i>Hamlet</i>, Act iv. Sc. 7.:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And then this <i>should</i> is like a spendthrift sigh,</p> +<p>That hurts by easing."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Coleridge, in the <i>Literary Remains</i>, vol. i. p. 233., +says—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"In a stitch in the side, every one must have heaved</p> +<p>a sigh that hurts by easing."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Dr. Johnson saw its true meaning:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"It is," he says, "a notion very prevalent, that sighs impair +the strength, and wear out the animal powers."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>In allusion to this popular notion, by no means yet extinct, +Herbert says, p. 71.:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Or if some years with it (a sigh) escape</p> +<p>The sigh then only is</p> +<p>A gale to bring me sooner to my bliss."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">D.S.</p> +<p>"<i>Crede quod habes</i>," &c.—The celebrated answer +to a Protestant about the real presence, by the borrower of his +horse, is supposed to be made since the Reformation, by whom I +forget:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Quod nuper dixisti</p> +<p>De corpore Christi</p> +<p>Crede quod edis et edis;</p> +<p>Sic tibi rescribo</p> +<p>De tuo palfrido</p> +<p>Crede quod habes et habes."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>But in Wright and Halliwell's <i>Reliquiæ +Antiquæ</i>, <span class="pagenum"><a name="page264" id= +"page264"></a></span> p. 287., from a manuscript of the time +of Henry VII., is given—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Tu dixisti de corpore Christi, crede et habes</p> +<p>De palefrido sic tibi scribo, crede et habes."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">M.</p> +<p><i>Grant to the Earl of Sussex of Leave to be covered in the +Royal Presence.</i>—In editing Heylyn's <i>History of the +Reformation</i>, I had to remark of the grant made by Queen Mary to +the Earl of Sussex, that it was the only one of Heylyn's documents +which I had been unable to trace elsewhere (ii. 90.). Allow me to +state in your columns, that I have since found it in Weever's +<i>Funeral Monuments</i> (pp. 635, 636).</p> +<p class="author">J.C. ROBERTSON.</p> +<p>Bekesbourne.</p> +<p><i>The first Woman formed from a Rib</i> (Vol. ii., p. +213.).—As you have given insertion to an extract of a sermon +on the subject of the creation of Eve, I trust you will allow me to +refer your correspondent BALLIOLENSIS to Matthew Henry's commentary +on the second chapter of Genesis, from which I extract the +following beautiful explanation of the reason why the <i>rib</i> +was selected as the material whereof the woman should be +created:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Fourthly, that the woman was made of a rib out of the side of +Adam; not made out of his head to top him, nor out of his feet to +be trampled upon by him; but out of his side to be equal with him, +under his arm to be protected, and near his heart to be +beloved."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">IOTA.</p> +<p><i>Beau Brummel's Ancestry.</i>—Mr. Jesse some years back +did ample justice to the history of a "London celebrity," George +Brummell; but, from what he there stated, the following "Note" +will, I feel assured, be a novelty to him. At the time that +Brummell was considered in everything the <i>arbiter +elegantiarum</i>, the writer of this has frequently heard Lady +Monson (the widow of the second lord, and an old lady who, living +to the age of ninety-seven, had a wonderful fund of interesting +recollections) say, that this ruler of fashion was the descendant +of a very excellent servant in the family. Not long ago, some old +papers of the family being turned over, proofs corroborative of +this came to light. William Brummell, from the year 1734 to 1764, +was the faithful and confidential servant of Charles Monson, +brother of the first lord: the period would identify him with the +grandfather of the Beau; the only doubt was, that as Mr. Jesse has +ascertained that William Brummell, the grandfather, was, in the +interval above given, married, had a <i>son William</i>, and owned +a house in Bury Street, how far these facts were compatible with +his remaining as a servant living with Charles Monson, both in town +and country. Now, in 1757, Professor Henry Monson of Cambridge +being dangerously ill, his brother Charles sent William Brummell +down, as a trustworthy person, to attend to him; and in a letter +from Brummell to his master, he, with many other requisitions, +wishes that there may be sent down to him a certain glass vessel, +very useful for invalids to drink out of, and which, if not in +Spring Gardens, "may be found in <i>Bury Street</i>. It was used +when <i>Billy</i> was ill." From the familiarity of the word +"Billy," he must be speaking of his son. These facts are certainly +corroborative of the old dowager's statement.</p> +<p class="author">M(2).</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>QUERIES.</h2> +<h3>GRAY'S ELEGY AND DODSLEY POEMS.</h3> +<p>I have here, in the country, few editions of Gray's works by me, +and those not the best; for instance, I have neither of those by +the Rev. J. Mitford (excepting his Aldine edition, in one small +volume), which, perhaps, would render my present Query needless. It +relates to a line, or rather a word in the <i>Elegy</i>, which is +of some importance. In the second stanza, as the poem is usually +divided (though Mason does not give it in stanzas, because it was +not so originally written), occurs,</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>And thus the line stands in all the copies (five) I am able at +this moment to consult. But referring to Dodsley's <i>Collection of +Poems</i>, vol. iv., where it comes first, the epithet applied to +"flight" is not "droning," but <i>drony</i>—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Save where the beetle wheels his <i>drony</i> flight."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Has anybody observed upon this difference, which surely is +worthy of a Note? I cannot find that the circumstance has been +remarked upon, but, as I said, I am here without the means of +consulting the best authorities. The <i>Elegy</i>, I presume, must +have been first separately printed, and from thence transferred to +Dodsley's <i>Collection</i>; and I wish to be informed by some +person who has the earliest impression, how the line is there +given? I do not know any one to whom I can appeal on such a point +with greater confidence than to MR. PETER CUNNINGHAM, who, I know, +has a large assemblage of the first editions of our most celebrated +poets from the reign of Anne downwards, and is so well able to make +use of them. It would be extraordinary, if <i>drony</i> were the +epithet first adopted by Gray, and subsequently altered by him to +"droning," that no notice should have been taken of the +substitution by any of the poet's editors. I presume, therefore, +that it has been mentioned, and I wish to know where?</p> +<p>Now, a word or two on Dodsley's <i>Collection of Poems</i>, in +the fourth volume of which, as I have <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page265" id="page265"></a></span> stated, +Gray's-<i>Elegy</i> comes first. Dodsley's is a popular and +well-known work, and yet I cannot find <i>that anybody has given +the dates connected with it accurately</i>. If Gray's <i>Elegy</i> +appeared in it for the first time (which I do not suppose), it came +out in 1755 which is the date of vol. iv. of Dodsley's +<i>Collection</i>, and not in 1757, which is the date of the +Strawberry Hill edition of Gray's <i>Odes</i>. The Rev. J. Mitford +(Aldine edit. xxxiii.) informs us that "Dodsley published three +volumes of this <i>Collection</i> in 1752; the fourth volume was +published in 1755 and the fifth and sixth volumes, which completed +the <i>Collection</i>, in 1758." I am writing with the title-pages +of the work open before me, and I find that the first three volumes +were published, not in 1752, but in 1748, and that even this was +the second edition so that there must have been an edition of the +first three volumes, either anterior to 1748, or earlier in that +year. The sale of the work encouraged Dodsley to add a fourth +volume in 1755, and two others in 1758 and the plate of Apollo and +the Muses was re-engraved for vols. v. and vi., because the +original copper, which had served for vols. i., ii., iii., and iv., +was so much worn.</p> +<p>This matter will not seem of such trifling importance to those +who bear in mind, that if Gray's <i>Elegy</i> did not originally +come out in this <i>Collection</i> in 1755, various other poems of +great merit and considerable popularity did then make their +earliest appearance.</p> +<p class="author">THE HERMIT OF HOLYPORT.</p> +<p>Sept. 1850.</p> +<p>P.S. My attention has been directed to the subject of Gray's +<i>Poems</i>, and particularly to his <i>Elegy</i>, by a recent +pilgrimage I made to Stoke Poges, which is only five or six miles +from this neighbourhood. The church and the poet's monument to his +mother are worth a much longer walk; but the mausoleum to Gray, in +the immediate vicinity, is a preposterous edifice. The residence of +Lady Cobham has been lamentably modernised.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>HUGH HOLLAND AND HIS WORKS.</h3> +<p>The name of Hugh Holland has been handed down to posterity in +connexion with that of our immortal bard; but few know anything of +him beyond his commendatory verses prefixed to the first folio of +Shakspeare.</p> +<p>He was born at Denbigh in 1558, and educated at Westminster +School while Camden taught there. In 1582 he matriculated at Baliol +College, Oxford; and about 1590 he succeeded to a Fellowship at +Trinity College, Cambridge. Thence he travelled into Italy, and at +Rome was guilty of several indiscretions by the freedom of his +conversations. He next went to Jerusalem to pay his devotions at +the Holy Sepulchre, and on his return touched at Constantinople, +where he received a reprimand from the English ambassador for the +former freedom of his tongue. At his return to England, he retired +to Oxford, and, according to Wood, spent some years there for the +sake of the public library. He died in July, 1633, and was buried +in Westminster Abbey, "in the south crosse aisle, neere the dore of +St. Benet's Chapell," but no inscription now remains to record the +event.</p> +<p>Whalley, in Gifford's <i>Jonson</i> (1. cccxiv.), says, speaking +of Hugh Holland—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"He wrote several things, amongst which is the life of Camden; +but none of them, I believe, have been ever published."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Holland published two works, the titles of which are as follows, +and perhaps others which I am not aware of:—</p> +<p>1. "Monumenta Sepulchralia Sancti Pauli. Lond. 1613. 4to."</p> +<p>2. "A Cypres Garland for the Sacred Forehead of our late +Soveraigne King James. Lond. 1625. 4to."</p> +<p>The first is a catalogue of the monuments, inscriptions, and +epitaphs in the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, which Nicolson calls +"a mean and dull performance." It was, at any rate, very popular, +being printed again in the years 1616, 1618, and 1633.</p> +<p>The second is a poetical tract of twelve leaves, of the greatest +possible rarity.</p> +<p>Holland also printed commendatory verses before a curious +musical work, entitled <i>Parthenia, or the Maydenhead of the First +Musick for the Virginalls</i>, 1611; and a copy of Latin verses +before Dr. Alexander's <i>Roxana</i>, 1632.</p> +<p>In one of the Lansdowne MSS. are preserved the following verses +written upon the death of Prince Henry, by "Hugh Hollande, fellow +of Trinity College, Cambridge:"—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Loe, where he shineth yonder</p> +<p>A fixed Star in heaven,</p> +<p>Whose motion here came under</p> +<p>None of the planets seven.</p> +<p>If that the Moone should tender</p> +<p>The Sun her love, and marry,</p> +<p>They both could not engender</p> +<p>So sweet a star as HARRY."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Our author was evidently a man of some poetical fancy, and if +not worthy to be classed "among the chief of English poets," he is +at least entitled to a niche in the temple of fame.</p> +<p>My object in calling attention to this long forgotten author is, +to gain some information respecting his manuscript works. According +to Wood, they consist of—1. Verses in Description of the +chief Cities of Europe; 2. Chronicle of Queen Elizabeth's reign; 3. +Life of William Camden.</p> +<p>Can any of your readers say in whose possession, <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page266" id="page266"></a></span> or in +what library, any of the above mentioned MSS. are at the present +time? I should also feel obliged for any communication respecting +Hugh Holland or his works, more especially frown original sources, +or books not easily accessible.</p> +<p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>HARVEY'S CLAIM TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE CIRCULATION OF THE +BLOOD.</h3> +<p>I have both a Note and a Query about Harvey and the circulation +of the blood (Vol. ii., p. 187.). The Note refers to Philostratus +(<i>Life of Apollorius</i>, p. 461., ed. 1809), <i>Nouvelles de la +République des Lettres</i>, June, 1684, xi.; and Dutens pp. +157-341. 4to. ed. 1796. I extract the passage from <i>Les +Nouvelles</i>:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"On voit avec plaisir un passage d'André Cæsalpinus +qui contient fort clairement la doctrine de la circrilation. Il est +tiré de ses Questions sur la médecine +imprimées l'an 1593. Jean Leonicenas ajoûte que le +père Paul découvrit la circulation du sang, et les +valvules des veines, mais qu'il n'osa pas en parler, de peur +d'exciter contre luy quelque tempête. Il n'etois +déjà que trop suspect, et il n'eut fallu que ce +nouveau paradoxe pour le transformer en hérétique +dans le pais d'inquisition. Si bien qu'il ne communiqua son secret +qu'au seul Aquapendente, qui n'osant s'exposer à l'envie.... +Il attendit à l'heure de sa mort pour mettre le livre qu'il +avoit composé touchant les valvules des veines entre les +mains de la république de Venise, et comme les moindres +nouveautez font peur en cc pais-là, le livre fut +caché dans le billiothèque de Saint Marc. Mais +parcequ' Aquapendente ne fit pas difficulté de s'ouvrir +à un jeune Anglois fort curieux nommé Harvée, +qui étudioit sous lui a Padouë, et qu'en même +temps le père Paul fit a même confidence à +l'Ambassadeur d'Angleterre, ces deux Anglois de retour chez eux, et +se voyant en pais de liberté, publièrent ce dogme, et +l'ayant confirmé par plusieurs expériences, s'en +attribuèrent toute la gloire."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The Query is, what share Harvey had in the discovery attributed +to him?</p> +<p class="author">W.W.B.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>Minor Queries.</h3> +<p><i>Bernardus Patricius.</i>—Some writers mention +<i>Bernardus</i> Patricius as a follower of Copernicus, about the +time of Galileo. Who was he?</p> +<p class="author">M.</p> +<p><i>Meaning of Hanger.</i>—Can any one of your readers +inform me, what is the meaning of the word <i>hanger</i>, so +frequently occurring in the names of places in Bedfordshire, such +as Panshanger?</p> +<p class="author">W. Anderson</p> +<p><i>Cat and Bagpipes.</i>—In studying some letters which +passed between two distinguished philosophers of the last century, +I have found in one epistle a request that the writer might be +remembered "to his friends at the Crown and Anchor, and the <i>Cat +and Bagpipes</i>." The letter was addressed to a party in London, +where doubtless, both those places of entertainment were. The Crown +and Anchor was the house where the Royal Society Club held its +convivial meetings. Can you inform me where the Cat and Bagpipes +was situated, and what literary and scientific club met there? The +name seems to have been a favourite one for taverns, and, if I +mistake not, is common in Ireland. Is it a corruption of some +foreign title, as so many such names are, or merely a grotesque and +piquant specimen of sign-board literature?</p> +<p class="author">Quasimodo.</p> +<p><i>Andrew Becket.</i>—A.W. Hammond will feel obliged for +any information respecting Andrew Becket, Esq., who died 19th +January, 1843, æt. 95, and to whose memory there is a +handsome monument in Kennington Church. According to that +inscription, he was "ardently devoted to the pursuits of +literature," personally acquainted in early life with the most +distinguished authors of his day, long the intimate friend of David +Garrick, "and a profound commentator on the dramatic works of +Shakspeare." Can any of the learned readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" +satisfy this Query?</p> +<p><i>Laurence Minot.</i>—Is any other MS. of Minot known, +besides the one from which Ritson drew his text? Is there any other +edition of this poet besides Ritson's, and the reprints +thereof?</p> +<p class="author">E.S. JACKSON.</p> +<p><i>Modena Family.</i>—When did Victor Amadeus, King of +Sardinia, die? When did his daughter, Mary Duchess of Modena, die, +(the mother of the present Duke of Modena, and through whom he is +the direct heir of the House of Stuart)?</p> +<p class="author">L.M.M.R.</p> +<p><i>Bamboozle.</i>—What is the etymology of +<i>bamboozle</i>, used as a verb?</p> +<p class="author">L.M.M.R.</p> +<p><i>Butcher's Blue Dress.</i>—What is the origin of the +custom, which seems all but universal in England, for butchers to +wear a blouse or frock of <i>blue</i> colour? Though so common in +this country as to form a distinctive mark of the trade, and to be +almost a butcher's uniform, it is, I believe, unknown on the +continent. Is it a custom which has originate in some supposed +utility, or in the official dress of a guild or company, or in some +accident of which a historical notice has been preserved?</p> +<p class="author">L.</p> +<p><i>Hatchment and Atchievement.</i>—Can any one of the +readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" tell me how comes the corruption +<i>hatchment</i> from <i>atchievement</i>? Ought the English word +to be spelt with a <i>t</i>, or thus, <i>achievement</i>? Why are +hatchments put up in churches and on houses?</p> +<p class="author">W. ANDERSON.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page267" id="page267"></a></span>"<i>Te colui Virtutem</i>."—Who is the author of the +line—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Te colui virtutem ut rem ast tu nomen inane es?"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>It is a translation of part of a Greek tragic fragment, quoted, +according to Dio Cassius, by Brutus just before his death. As much +as is here translated is also to be found in Plutarch <i>De +Superstitione</i>.</p> +<p class="author">E.</p> +<p>"<i>Illa suavissima Vita</i>."—Where does "Illa suavissima +vita indies sentire se fieri meliorem" come from?</p> +<p class="author">E.</p> +<p><i>Christianity, Early Influence of.</i>—"The beneficial +influence of the Christian clergy during the first thousand years +of the Christian era."</p> +<p>What works can be recommended on the above subject?</p> +<p class="author">X.Y.Z.</p> +<p><i>Wraxen, Meaning of.</i>—What is the origin and meaning +of the word <i>wraxen</i>, which was used by a Kentish woman on +being applied to by a friend of mine to send her children to the +Sunday-school, in the following sentence?—"Why, you see, they +go to the National School all the week, and get so <i>wraxen</i>, +that I cannot send them to the Sunday School too."</p> +<p class="author">G.W. Skyring.</p> +<p><i>Saint, Legend of a.</i>—Can any of your correspondents +inform me where I can find the account of some saint who, when +baptizing a heathen, inadvertently pierced the convert's foot with +the point of his crozier. The man bore the pain without flinching, +and when the occurrence was discovered, he remarked that he thought +it was part of the ceremony?</p> +<p class="author">J.Y.C.</p> +<p><i>Land Holland—Farewell.</i>—In searching some +Court Rolls a few days since, I found some land described as "Land +Holland" or "Hollandland." I have been unable to discover the +meaning of this expression, and should be glad if any of your +correspondents can help me.</p> +<p>In the same manor there is custom for the tenant to pay a sum as +a <i>farewell</i> to the lord on sale or alienation: this payment +is in addition to the ordinary fine, &c. Query the origin and +meaning of this?</p> +<p class="author">J.B.C.</p> +<p><i>Stepony Ale.</i>—Chamberlayne, in his <i>Present State +of England</i> (part. i. p. 51., ed. 1677), speaking of the "Dyet" +of the people, thus enumerates the prevailing beverages of the +day:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Besides all sorts of the best wines from Spain, France, Italy, +Germany, Grecia, there are sold in London above twenty sorts of +other drinks: as brandy, coffee, chocolate, tea, aromatick, mum, +sider, perry, beer, ale; many sorts of ales very different, as +cock, <i>stepony</i>, stickback, Hull, North-Down, Sambidge, +Betony, scurvy-grass, sage-ale, &c. A piece of wantonness +whereof none of our ancestors were ever guilty."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>It will be observed that the ales are named in some instances +from localities, and in others from the herbs of which they were +decoctions. Can any of your readers tell me anything of Stepony +ale? Was it ale brewed at Stepney?</p> +<p class="author">James T. Hammack</p> +<p>"<i>Regis ad Exemplar</i>."—Can you inform me whence the +following line is taken?</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Regis ad exemplar totus componitur orbis."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">Q.Q.Q.</p> +<p>"<i>La Caconacquerie</i>".—Will one of your numerous +correspondents be kind enough to inform me what is the true +signification and derivation of the word "caconac?" D'Alembert, +writing to Voltaire concerning Turgot, says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"You will find him an excellent <i>caconac</i>, though he has +reasons for not avowing it:—la caconacquerie ne mène +pas à la fortune."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">Ardern.</p> +<p><i>London Dissenting Ministers: Rev. Thomas +Tailer.</i>—Not being entirely successful in my Queries with +regard to "London Dissenting Ministers" (Vol. i., pp. 383. 444. +454.), I will state a circumstance which, possibly, may assist some +one of your correspondents in furnishing an answer to the second of +those inquiries.</p> +<p>In the lines immediately referred to, where certain +Nonconformist ministers of the metropolis are described under +images taken from the vegetable world, the late Rev. Thomas Tailer +(of Carter Lane), whose voice was feeble and trembling, is thus +spoken of:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Tailer tremulous as aspen leaves."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>But in verses afterwards circulated, if not printed, the censor +was rebuked as follows:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Nor tell of Tailer's trembling voice so weak,</p> +<p>While from his lips such charming accents break,</p> +<p>And every virtue, every Christian grace,</p> +<p>Within his bosom finds a ready place."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>No encomium could be more deserved, none more seasonably offered +or more appropriately conveyed. I knew Mr. Tailer, and am pleased +in cherishing recollections of him.</p> +<p class="author">W.</p> +<p><i>Mistletoe as a Christmas Evergreen.</i>—Can any of your +readers inform me at what period of time the mistletoe came to be +recognised as a Christmas evergreen? I am aware it played a great +part in those ceremonies of the ancient Druids which took place +towards the end of the year, but I cannot find any allusion to it, +in connexion with the Christian festival, before the time of +Herrick. You are of course aware, that there are still in existence +some five or six very curious old carols, of as early, or even an +earlier date than the fifteenth century, in praise of the holly or +the ivy, which said carols used to be sung during the Christmas +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page268" id= +"page268"></a></span> festivities held by our forefathers but +I can discover no allusion even to the mistletoe for two centuries +later. If any of your readers should be familiar with any earlier +allusion in prose, but still more particularly in verse, printed or +in manuscript, I shall feel obliged by their pointing it out.</p> +<p class="author">V.</p> +<p><i>Poor Robin's Almanacks.</i>—I am anxious to ascertain +in which public or private library is to be found the most complete +collection of Poor Robin's <i>Almanacks</i>: through the medium of +your columns, I may, perhaps, glean the desired information.</p> +<p class="author">V.</p> +<p><i>Sirloin.</i>—When on a visit, a day or two since, to +the very interesting <i>ruin</i> (for so it must be called) of +Haughton Castle, near Blackburn, Lancashire, I heard that the +origin of this word was the following freak of James I. in his +visit to the castle; a visit, by the way, which is said to have +ruined the host, and to have been not very profitable even to all +his descendants. A magnificent loin of meat being placed on the +table before his Majesty, the King was so struck with its size and +excellence, that he drew his sword, and cried out, "By my troth, +I'll knight thee, Sir Loin!" and then and there the title was +given; a title which has been honoured, unlike other knighthoods, +by a goodly succession of illustrious heirs. Can any of your +correspondents vouch for the truth of this?</p> +<p class="author">H.C.</p> +<p>Bowden, Manchester.</p> +<p><i>Thomson of Esholt.</i>—In the reign of Henry VIII. arms +were granted to Henry Thomson, of Esholt, co. York, one of that +monarch's gentlemen-at-arms at Boulogne. The grant was made by +Laurence Dalton, Norroy. The shield was—Per fesse embattled, +ar. and sa., three falcons, belted, countercharged—a +<i>bend</i> sinister. Crest: An armed arm, embowed, holding a +lance, erect. Families of the name of Thompson, bearing the same +shield, have been seated at Kilham, Scarborough, Escrick, and other +places in Yorkshire. My inquiries are,—</p> +<p>1. Will any of your readers by kind enough to inform me where +any mention is made of this grant, and the circumstances under +which it was made?</p> +<p>2. Whether any <i>ancient</i> monuments, or heraldic bearings of +the family, are still extant in any parts of Yorkshire?</p> +<p>3. Whether any work on Yorkshire genealogies exists, and what is +the best to be consulted?</p> +<p class="author">JAYTEE.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>Replies to Minor Queries.</h3> +<p><i>Pension</i> (Vol. ii., p. 134.).—In the <i>Dictionnaire +Universelle</i>, 1775, vol. ii. p. 203., I find the following +explanation of the French word <i>Pension</i>:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Somme qu'on donne pour la nourriture et le logement de +quelqu'un. <i>Il se dit aussi du lieu où l'on donne à +manger.</i>"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>May not the meeting of the benchers have derived its name for +their dining-room in which they assembled?</p> +<p class="author">BRAYBROOKE.</p> +<p><i>Execution of Charles I.</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 72. 110-140. +158.).—In Lilly's <i>History of his Life and Times</i>, I +find the following interesting account in regard to the vizored +execution of Charles I., being part of the evidence he gave when +examined before the first parliament of King Charles II. respecting +the matter. Should any of your correspondents be able to +substantiate this, or produce more conclusive evidence in +determining who the executioner was, I shall be extremely obliged. +Lilly writes,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Liberty being given me to speak, I related what follows: viz., +That the next Sunday but one after Charles I. was beheaded, Robert +Spavin Secretary to Lieutenant-General Cromwell at that time, +invited himself to dine with me, and brought Anthony Pearson and +several others along with him to dinner. That their principal +discourse all dinner time was only who it was that beheaded the +king. One said it was the common hangman; another, Hugh Peters; +others were also nominated, but none concluded. Robert Spavin, so +soon as dinner was done, took me by the hand, and carried me to the +south window. Saith he, 'These are all mistaken; they have not +named the man that did the fact: it was Lieutenant-Colonel Joice. I +was in the room when he fitted himself for the work; stood behind +him when he did it; when done, went in with him again: there is no +man knows this but my master, viz. Cromwell, Commissary Ireton, and +myself.'—'Doth Mr. Rushworth know it?' saith I. 'No, he doth +not know it,' saith Spavin. The same thing Spavin since has often +related to me, when we were alone."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">R.W.E.</p> +<p>Cheltenham.</p> +<p><i>Paper Hangings</i> (Vol. ii., p. 134.).—"It was on the +walls of this drawing-room (the king's at Kensington Palace) that +the then new art of paper-hangings, in imitation of the old velvet +flock, was displayed with an effect that soon led to the adoption +of so cheap and elegant a manufacture, in preference to the +original rich material from which it was copied."—W.H. Pyne's +<i>Royal Residences</i>, vol. ii. p. 75.</p> +<p class="author">M.W.</p> +<p><i>Black-guard.</i>—There are frequent entries among those +of deaths of persons attached to the Palace of Whitehall, in the +registers of St. Margaret's, Westminster, of "——, one +of the blake garde." about the year 1566, and later. In the +Churchwarden's Accompts we find—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"1532. Pd. for licence of 4 torchis for Black Garde, vj. d."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The royal Halberdiers carried black bills. (Grose, <i>Milit. +Antiq.</i>, vol. i. p. 124.) In 1584 they behaved <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page269" id="page269"></a></span> with +great cruelty in Ireland. (Cornp. Peck's <i>Des. Curios.</i>, vol. +i. p. 155.) So Stainhurst, in his <i>Description</i>, says of bad +men: "They are taken for no better than rakehells, or the devil's +blacke guarde."—Chap. 8. Perhaps, in distinction to the gaily +dressed military guard, the menial attendants in a royal progress +were called black-guards from their dull appearance.</p> +<p>I remember a story current in Dublin, of a wicked wag telling a +highly respectable old lady, who was asking, where were the +quarters of the guards, in which corps her son was a private, to +inquire at the lodge of Trinity College if he was not within those +learned walls, as the "black guards were lying there."</p> +<p class="author">M.W.</p> +<p><i>Pilgrims' Road</i> (Vol. ii., p. 237.).—Your +correspondent S.H., in noticing the old track "skirting the base of +the chalk hills," and known by the name of the "Pilgrims' Road," +has omitted to state that its commencement is at Oxford,—a +fact of importance, inasmuch as that the Archbishops of Canterbury +had there a handsome palace (the ruins of which still exist), which +is said to have been the favourite residence of Thomas à +Becket. The tradition in the county thereupon is, that his memory +was held in such sanctity in that neighbourhood as to cause a vast +influx of pilgrims annually from thence to his shrine at +Canterbury; and the line of road taken by them can still be traced, +though only portions of it are now used as a highway. The +direction, however, in which it runs makes it clear (as S.H., no +doubt, is aware) that it cannot be Chaucer's road.</p> +<p>While on the subject of old roads, I may add that a tradition +here exists that the direct road between London and Tunbridge did +not pass through Sevenoaks; and a narrow lane which crosses the +Pilgrims' road near Everham is pointed out as the former highway, +and by which Evelyn must have been journeying (passing close, +indeed, to the seat of his present descendant at St. Clere) when he +met with that amusing robber-adventure at Procession Oak.</p> +<p class="author">M(2).</p> +<p><i>Pilgrims' Road to Canterbury.</i>—In the +<i>Athenæum</i> of Nov. 2nd, 1844, there is a notice of +<i>Remarks upon Wayside Chapels; with Observations on the +Architecture and present State of the Chantry on Wakefield +Bridge</i>: By John Chessell and Charles Buckler—in which the +reviewer says—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"In our pedestrianism we have traced the now desolate ruins of +several of these chapels along the old pilgrims' road to +Canterbury."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>If this writer would give us the results of his pedestrianism, +it would be acceptable to <i>all</i> the lovers of Chaucer. I do +not know whether PHILO-CHAUCER will find anything to his purpose in +the pamphlet reviewed.</p> +<p class="author">E.S. JACKSON.</p> +<p><i>Combs buried with the Dead.</i>—In Vol. ii., p. 230., +the excellent vicar of Morwenstow asks the reason why combs are +found in the graves of St. Cuthbert and others, monks, in the +cathedral church of Durham. I imagine that they were the combs used +at the first tonsure of the novices, to them a most interesting +memorial of that solemn rite through life, and from touching +affection to the brotherhood among whom they had dwelt, buried with +them at their death.</p> +<p class="author">M.W.</p> +<p><i>The Comb</i>, concerning "the origin and intent" of which MR. +HAWKER (Vol. ii., p. 230.) seeks information, was for ritual use; +and its purposes are fully described in Dr. Rock's <i>Church of our +Fathers</i>, t. ii. p. 122., &c.</p> +<p class="author">LITURGICUS.</p> +<p><i>Aërostation.</i>—C.B.M. will find in the +<i>Athenæum</i> for August 10th, 1850, a notice of a book on +this subject.</p> +<p class="author">E.S. JACKSON.</p> +<p><i>St. Thomas of Lancaster</i> (Vol. i., p. 181.).—MR. +R.M. MILNES desires information relative to "St. Thomas of +Lancaster." This personage was Earl of Leicester as well as Earl of +Lancaster; and I find in the archives of this borough numerous +entries relative to him,—of payments made to him by the +burgesses. Of these mention is made in a <i>History of +Leicester</i> recently published. The most curious fact I know of +is, that on the dissolution of the monasteries here, several relics +of St. Thomas, among others, his felt hat, was exhibited. The hat +was considered a great remedy for the headache!</p> +<p class="author">JAYTEE.</p> +<p><i>Smoke Money</i> (Vol. ii., p. 120.).—"Anciently, even +in England, were Whitsun farthings, or smoke farthings, which were +a composition for offerings made in Whitsun week, by every man who +occupied a house with a chimney, to the cathedral of the diocese in +which he lived."—Audley's <i>Companion to the Almanac</i>, p. +76.</p> +<p>Pentecostals, or Whitsun Farthings, are mentioned by Pegge as +being paid in 1788 by the parishioners of the diocese of Lichfield, +in aid of the repairs of the cathedral, to the dean and chapter; +but he makes no allusion to the word <i>smoke</i>, adding only that +in this case the payment went by the name of Chad-pennies, or +Chad-farthings, the cathedral there being dedicated to St. +Chad.</p> +<p class="author">C.I.R.</p> +<p><i>Robert Herrick</i> (Vol. i., p. 291.).—MR. MILNER BARRY +states that he found an entry of the burial of the poet Herrick in +the parish books of Dean Prior. As MR. BARRY seems interested in +the poet, I would inform him that a voluminous collection of family +letters of early date is now in the possession of William Herrick, +Esq., of Beaumanor Park, the present representative of that ancient +and honourable house.</p> +<p class="author">JAYTEE.</p> +<p><i>Guildhalls.</i>—The question in Vol. i., p. 320., +relative to guildhalls, provokes an inquiry into <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page270" id="page270"></a></span> guilds. +In the erudite and instructive work of Wilda on the <i>Guild System +of the Middle Ages (Gildenwesen im Mittelälter)</i> will be +found to be stated that guilds were associations of various +kinds,—convivial, religions, and mercantile, and so on; and +that places of assembly were adopted by them. A guild-house where +eating and drinking took place, was to be met with in most villages +in early times: and these, I fancy, were the guild-halls. On this +head consult Hone's <i>Every-day Book</i>, vol. ii. p. 670., and +elsewhere, in connexion with Whitsuntide holidays.</p> +<p class="author">JAYTEE.</p> +<p><i>Abbé Strickland</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 198. +237.).—The fullest account of the Abbé Strickland, +<i>Bishop of Namur</i>, is to be found in Lord Hervey's +<i>Memoirs</i> (Vol. i., p. 391.), and a most curious account it is +of that profligate intriguer.</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p><i>Long Lonkin</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 168. 251.).—This ballad +does not relate to Cumberland, but to Northumberland. This error +was committed by Miss Landon (in the <i>Drawing-room Scrap-book</i> +for 1835), to whom a lady of this town communicated the fragment +through the medium of a friend. Its real locality is a ruined +tower, seated on the corner of an extensive earth-work surrounded +by a moat, on the western side of Whittle Dean, near Ovingham. +Since this period, I have myself taken down many additional verses +from the recitation of the adjacent villagers, and will be happy to +afford any further information to your inquirer, SELEUCUS.</p> +<p class="author">G. BOUCHIER RICHARDSON.</p> +<p>Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Sept. 7. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Havock</i> (Vol. ii., p. 215.).—The presumed object of +literary men being the investigation of truth, your correspondent +JARLTZBERG will, I trust, pardon me for suggesting that his +illustration of the word <i>havock</i> is incomplete, and +especially with reference to the line of Shakspeare which he has +quoted:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Cry havock! and let slip the dogs of war."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Grose, in his <i>History of English Armour</i>, vol. ii. p. 62., +says that <i>havok</i> was the word given as a signal for the +troops to disperse and pillage, as may be learned from the +following article in the <i>Droits of the Marshal</i>, vol. ii. p. +229., wherein it is declared, that—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"In the article of plunder, all the sheep and hogs belong to +such private soldiers as can take them; and that on the word havok +being cried, every one might seize his part; but this probably was +only a small part of the licence supposed to be given by the +word."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>He also refers to the ordinance of Richard II.</p> +<p>In agreeing with your correspondent that the use of this word +was the signal for general massacre, unlimited slaughter, and +giving no quarter, as well as taking plunder in the manner +described above, the omission of which I have to complain is, that, +in stating no one was to raise the cry, under penalty of losing his +head, he did not add the words, "the king excepted." It was a royal +act; and Shakspeare so understood it to be; as will appear from the +passage referred to, if fully and fairly quoted:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And Cæsar's spirit, ranging for revenge,</p> +<p>With Até by his side, come hot from hell,</p> +<p>Shall in these confines, <i>with a monarch's voice</i>,</p> +<p>Cry Havock! and let slip the dogs of war."</p> +<p class="i10"><i>Julius Cæsar</i> Act iii.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>It is not at this moment in my power to assist F.W. with the +reference to the history of Bishop Berkeley's giant, though it +exists somewhere in print. The subject of the experiment was a +healthy boy, who died in the end, in consequence of over-growth, +promoted (as far as my recollection serves me) principally by a +peculiar diet.</p> +<p class="author">W(1).</p> +<p><i>Becket's Mother.</i>—I do not pretend to explain the +facts mentioned by MR. FOSS (Vol. ii., p. 106.), that the hospital +founded in honour of Becket was called "The Hospital of St. Thomas +the Martyr, <i>of Acon</i>;" and that he was himself styled "St. +Thomas <i>Acrenis</i>, or <i>of Acre</i>;" but I believe that the +true explanation must be one which would not be a hindrance to the +rejection of the common story as to the Archbishop's birth. +<i>If</i> these titles were intended to connect the Saint with Acre +in Syria, they may have originated after the legend had become +popular. But it seems to me more likely, that, like some other city +churches and chapels, that of St. Thomas got its designation from +something quite unconnected with the history of the patron. In +particular, I would ask what is the meaning of "St. Nicolas +<i>Acons</i>?" And may not the same explanation (whatever it be) +serve for "St. Thomas <i>of Acon</i>?" Or the hospital may have +been built on some noted "acre" (like <i>Long Acre</i> and +<i>Pedlars Acre</i>); and if afterwards churches in other places +were consecrated to St. Thomas under the designation "<i>of +Acre</i>," (as to which point I have no information), the churches +of "our Lady <i>of Loretto</i>," scattered over various countries, +will supply a parallel. As to the inference which Mr. Nichols +(<i>Pilgrimages</i>, p. 120.) draws from the name <i>Acrensis</i>, +that Becket was <i>born at</i> Acre, I must observe that it +introduces a theory which is altogether new, and not only opposed +to the opinion that the Archbishop was of English or Norman descent +on both sides, but <i>essentially</i> contradictory of the legend +as to the fair Saracen who came from the East in search of her +lover.</p> +<p class="author">J.C.R.</p> +<p><i>Watching the Sepulchre</i> (Vol. i., pp. 318. 354. +403.).—In the parish books of Leicester various entries +respecting the Sepulchre occur. In the year 1546, when a sale took +place of the furniture of St. Martin's Church, the "Sepulchre +light" was <span class="pagenum"><a name="page271" id= +"page271"></a></span> sold to Richard Rainford for 21<i>s.</i> +10<i>d.</i> In the reign of Queen Mary gatherings were made for the +"Sepulchre lights;" timber for making the lights cost 5<i>s.</i>; +the light itself, 4<i>s.</i>; and painting the Sepulchre, and a +cloth for "our lady's altar," cost 1<i>s.</i> 10<i>d.</i> Facts +like these might be multiplied.</p> +<p class="author">JAYTEE.</p> +<p><i>Portraits of Charles I. in Churches</i> (Vol. i., pp. 137. +184.).—In reference to this I have to state, that in the +south aisle of the church of St. Martin, in Leicester, a painting +of this kind is yet to be seen, or was lately. It was executed by a +Mr. Rowley, for 10<i>l.</i>, in the year 1686. It represents the +monarch in a kneeling attitude.</p> +<p class="author">JAYTEE.</p> +<p><i>Joachim, the French Ambassador</i> (Vol. ii., p. +229.).—In Rapin's <i>History of England</i> I find this +ambassador described as "Jean-Joachim de Passau, Lord of Vaux." +This may assist AMICUS.</p> +<p class="author">J.B.C.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>MISCELLANEOUS</h2> +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> +<p>The Rev. Mackenzie Walcott, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford, +whose pleasant gossiping <i>Memorials of Westminster</i>, and +<i>History of St. Margaret's Church</i>, are no doubt familiar to +many of our readers, is, as an old Wykehamist, collecting +information for a "History of Commoners and the Two S. Marie Winton +Colleges;" and will feel obliged by lists of illustrious alumni, +and any notes, archæological and historical, about that noble +school, which will be duly acknowledged.</p> +<p>The <i>Cambrian Archæological Association</i>, which was +established in 1846 for the purpose of promoting the study and +preservation of the antiquities of Wales and the Marches, held its +fourth anniversary meeting in the ancient and picturesque town of +Dolgelly, during the week commencing the 26th ultimo. The +Association is endeavouring to extend its usefulness by enlarging +the number of its members; and as its subscribing members receive +in return for their yearly pound, not only the Society's Journal, +the <i>Archæologia Cambrensis</i> but also the annual volume +of valuable archæological matter published by the +Association, we cannot doubt but their exertions will meet the +sympathy and patronage of all who take an interest in the national +and historical remains of the principality.</p> +<p>The preceding paragraph was scarcely finished when we received +proof of the utility of the Association in Mr. Freeman's volume, +entitled <i>Remarks on the Architecture of Llandaff Cathedral, with +an Essay towards a History of the Fabric</i>—a volume which, +as we learn from the preface, had its origin in the observations on +some of the more singular peculiarities of the fabric made by the +author at the Cardiff meeting of the Association in 1849. These +remarks were further developed in a paper in the +<i>Archæologia Cambrensis</i>; and have now been expanded +into the present descriptive and historical account of a building +which, to use Mr. Freeman's words, "in many respects, both of its +history and architecture, stands quite alone among English +churches." Mr. Freeman's ability to do justice to such a subject is +well known: and his work will therefore assuredly find a welcome +from the numerous body of students of church architecture now to be +found in this country; and to their judgments we leave it.</p> +<p><i>Notes on Bishop Jeremy Taylor's Works.</i> A reprint being +called for of vol. vi. of the present edition of Bishop Taylor's +works, the Editor will be glad of any assistance towards verifying +the references which have been omitted. The volume is to go to +press early in October.</p> +<p>Messrs. Puttick and Simpson will commence on Monday next a six +days' sale of valuable books in all classes of literature; +oriental, and other manuscripts; autograph letters; engravings, +miniatures, paintings, &c.</p> +<p>Messrs. Southgate and Barrett will sell on Tuesday next some +fine portraits and engravings; together with a very interesting and +extensive collection of nearly 200 original proclamations +(extending from 1631 to 1695), two books printed by Pynson, unknown +to bibliographers (viz. <i>Aphthonii Sophistæ +Præxercitamenta</i> and <i>Ciceronis Orationes +Philippicæ</i> and a few valuable MSS).</p> +<hr /> +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3> +<h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h4> +<p>ESSAYS, SCRIPTURAL, MORAL, AND LOGICAL, by W. and T. Ludlam. 2 +vols. 8vo. London, 1807.</p> +<p>ELDERFIELD (C.), DISQUISITIONS ON REGENERATION, BAPTISM, +&c., 4to. London, 1653.</p> +<p>DODWELL (HENRY, M.A.), DISCOURSE PROVING FROM SCRIPTURES THAT +THE SOUL IS A PRINCIPLE NATURALLY MORTAL, &c.</p> +<p>THE TALE OF A TUB REVERSED, for the universal Improvement of +Mankind, with a character of the Author.</p> +<p>REFLECTIONS ON MR. BURCHET'S MEMOIRS, or, Remarks on his Account +of Captain Wilmot's Expedition to the West Indies, by Col. Luke +Lillingston. 1704. [Two copies wanted.]</p> +<p>SEVEN CHAMPIONS OF CHRISTENDUM. [Any Edition before 1700.]</p> +<p>CHAUCER'S CANTERBURY TALES AND OTHER POEMS, 2 vols. 12mo. +[Cumberland's Edition.]</p> +<p>Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage +free</i>, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," +186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>Notices to Correspondents.</h3> +<p>VOLUME THE FIRST OF NOTES AND QUERIES, <i>with Title-page and +very copious Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, +and may be had, by order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen.</i></p> +<p>NOTES AND QUERIES <i>may be procured by the Trade at noon on +Friday: so that our country Subscribers ought to experience no +difficulty in receiving it regularly. Many of the country +Booksellers are probably not yet aware of this arrangement, which +enables them to receive Copies in their Saturday parcels.</i></p> +<p>W.A. <i>will find an article on</i> "The Owl was once a Baker's +Daughter," <i>quoted by Shakspeare, in one of</i> MR. THOMS' +<i>Papers on the</i> FOLK LORE OF SHAKSPEARE, <i>published in +the</i> Athenæum October and November 1847.</p> +<hr class="adverts" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page272" id="page272"></a></span>JUNIUS IDENTIFIED.</p> +<p>In One Volume 8vo., price 6<i>s.</i>, bds., (published in 1818 +at 14<i>s.</i>). JUNIUS IDENTIFIED with SIR PHILIP FRANCIS. By JOHN +TAYLOR. Second Edition, with the Appendix, containing the Plates of +Handwriting.</p> +<p>London: TAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, 28. Upper Gower-street; and +27. Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row.</p> +<hr /> +<p>AMERICA AND IRELAND.—MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, Number +XI. for 1850, contains many curious and interesting books on the +above Countries with the usual valuable Miscellanies in all +departments, Published this day, GRATIS.</p> +<p>The following Books may also be had of him:—</p> +<p>BALLAD ROMANCES, by R. H. HORNE, Esq., author of "Orion." +&c.—Containing the Noble Heart, a Bohemian +Legend—The Monk of Swinstead Abbey, a Ballad Chronicle of the +Death of King John—The Three Knights of Camelott, a Fairy +Tale—The Ballad of Delora, or the Passion of Andrea +Como—Red Gelert, a Welsh Legend—Ben Capstan, A Ballad +of the Night Watch—The Elf of the Woodlands, a Child's Story, +fcap. 8vo, elegantly printed and bound in cloth, 248 pages, only +2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>CRITICISMS AND ESSAYS On the Writings of Atherstone, Blair, +Bowles, Sir E. Brydges, Carlyle, Carrington, Coleridge, Cowper, +Croly, Gillfillian, Graham, Hazlitt, Heber, Heraud, Harvey, Irving, +Keats, Miller, Pollock, Tighe, Wordsworth, and other Modern +Writers, by the Rev. J.W. LESTER, B.A., royal 8vo., 100 pages of +closely printed letterpress, originally published at 5<i>s.</i>, +reduced to 1<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i> 1848.</p> +<p>"We give our cordial subscription to the general scope and tenor +of his views, which are in the main promulgated with a perspicuity +and eloquence not always found in the same +individual."—<i>Church of England Quarterly Review.</i></p> +<p>"Mr. Lester's volume is one of superior merit, and deserves a +high rank among works of its class."—<i>Tail's Edinburgh +Review.</i></p> +<p>"He is the pioneer of the beautiful."—<i>Manchester +Examiner.</i></p> +<p>FALLACY OF GHOSTS, DREAMS, AND OMENS, with Stories of +Witchcraft, Life in Death, and Monomania, by CHARLES OLLIER, 12mo., +cloth. gilt, with Illustrations by G. Measom, 250 pages of amusing +letterpress, only 2<i>s.</i></p> +<p>JOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos-street, Trafalgar-square.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Old Engravings, early Printed Books, Manuscripts, &c.</p> +<p>SOUTHGATE and BARRETT will SELL by AUCTION, at their Rooms, 22. +Fleet-street, on Tuesday, September 24, at 12. PORTRAITS and +ENGRAVlNGS. incliding many proofs, a very interesting and extensive +collection of original proclamations, two books printed by Pynson +unknown to bibliographers: also a few very valuable Manuscripts +relating to the counties of Stafford, Salon, Leicester, Wilts, +&c., ancient statutes upon vellum. heraldic MSS., &c.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Just Published, 8vo., price 8<i>s.</i>, with numerous +Illustrations by Messrs. O. Jerrit and H. Shaw,</p> +<p>REMARKS ON THE ARCHITECTURE OF LLANDAFF CATHEDRAL; with an Essay +towards a History of the Fabric. By EDWARD A. FREEMAN, M.A., late +Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford; author of the "History of +Architecture."</p> +<p>London: W. PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. Tenby: R. MASON.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Just Published, price 5<i>s.</i>, in post 8vo., cloth lettered; +if sent by Post. 6<i>s.</i></p> +<p>THE POPE; Considered in his RELATIONS WITH THE CHURCH, TEMPORAL +SOVEREIGNTIES, SEPARATED CHURCHES, and the CAUSE OF CIVILISATION. +By COUNT JOSEPH DE MAISTRE. Translated by the Rev. AENEAS MC D. +DAWSON. Embellished with a Portrait of His Holiness Pope Pius +IX.</p> +<p>London: C. DOLMAN, 61. New Bond-street; and 48A. Paternoster +Row.</p> +<hr /> +<p>THE PARLOUR LIBRARY, One Shilling each Volume.</p> +<p>The Publishers beg to state that all G.P.R. JAMES's works lately +out of print are again reprinted, and may be had of every +bookseller and at all the railway stations. Works by the following +popular authors have also been published in the "Parlour +Library:"—</p> +<p>A. Lamartine<br /> +G.P.R. James<br /> +Washington Irving<br /> +Miss Mitford<br /> +Author of "Emilia Wyndham"<br /> +Miss Austen<br /> +William Carleton<br /> +Gerald Griffin<br /> +Mary Howitt<br /> +T.C. Grattan<br /> +Mrs. S.C. Hall<br /> +Rodolph Toppfer<br /> +Leitch Ritchie<br /> +The O'Hara Family<br /> +W. Meinhold<br /> +Alex. Dumas</p> +<p>SIMMS and M'INTYRE, 13. Paternoster Row, London, and Belfast. +Sold at all the Railway Stations.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Published by GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet-street.</p> +<p>Now ready, 1 vol. 8vo., with etched Frontispiece, by Wehnert, +and Eight Engravings, price 15<i>s.</i></p> +<p>SABRINAE COROLLA: a Volume Of Classical Translations with +original Compositions contributed by Gentlemen educated at +Shrewsbury School.</p> +<p>Among the Contributors are the Head Masters of Shrewsbury. +Stanford, Repton, Birmingham, and Uppingham Schools; Andrew Lawson, +Esq., late M.P; the Rev. R. Shilleto, Cambridge; the Rev. T.S. +Evans, Rugby; J. Riddell, Esq., Fellow of Baliol College, Oxford; +the Rev. E.M. Cope, H.J. Hodgson, Esq., H.A.J. Munro, Esq., W.G. +Clark, Esq., Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge, and many other +distinguished Scholars from both Universities.</p> +<p>The Work is edited by three of the principal Contributors.</p> +<p>"Highly creditable to the Scholarship of Shrewsbury, and indeed +of England, and we wish it heartily +success."—<i>Guardian.</i></p> +<p>RULES FOR OVIDIAN VERSE, with some Hints on the Transition to +the Virgilian Hexameter, and an Introductory Preface. Edited by +JAMES TATE, A.M., Master of the Grammar School, Richmond. 8vo. +sewed, 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>FIRST STEPS TO LATIN VERSIFICATION, being an Analysis of the +Scansion and Structure of the Ovidian Verse. Price 6<i>d.</i> on +sheet; folded in cloth, 1<i>s.</i></p> +<p>Just Published, fcp. 8vo., price 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, +cloth,</p> +<p>CICERONIS CATO MAJOR, sive de Senectute, Laelius, site de +Amicitia. et Epistolæ Selectæ; with English Notes and +an Index. By GEORGE LONG. Being a second volume of the Grammar +School Classics.</p> +<p>"Mr. George Long has edited the De Senectute, and De Amicitia, +together with some of the Epistles of Cicero, and has contributed a +very clever preface upon the best way of teaching foreign, and +especially classical, languages. Mr. Long's ability and reputation +render any writing of his important, and his name is a pledge for +the accuracy and value of the edition."—<i>Guardian.</i></p> +<p>Also, a new edition, price 5<i>s.</i>,</p> +<p>XENOPHON'S ANABASIS, with English Notes and Three Maps. By the +Rev. J.F. MACMICHAEL, Master of the Grammar School, +Burton-on-Trent. Being the first volume of Grammar School +Classics.</p> +<p>"We can confidently recommend this as the best school edition, +and we feel certain that it will satisfy every reasonable demand +that can be made."—<i>Classical Museum.</i></p> +<p>12mo., cloth, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>SELECTIONS FROM OVID; AMORES, TRISTIA, HEROIDES, METAMORPHOSES: +with prefatory remarks. This Selection is intended to afford an +introduction, at once easy and unobjectionable, to a knowledge of +the Latin Language, after a boy has become well acquainted with the +declensions of nouns and pronouns, and the ordinary forms of +verbs.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at +No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of +London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in +the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, +Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, +September 21. 1850.</p> +<hr class="full" /> + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 47, Saturday, September 21, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 47 *** + +***** This file should be named 13936-h.htm or 13936-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/9/3/13936/ + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team, and The Internet Library of Early Journals + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will +be renamed. + +Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright +law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, +so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United +States without permission and without paying copyright +royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part +of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm +concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, +and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive +specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this +eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook +for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, +performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given +away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks +not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the +trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. + +START: FULL LICENSE + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full +Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at +www.gutenberg.org/license. + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or +destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your +possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a +Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound +by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the +person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph +1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this +agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the +Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection +of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual +works in the collection are in the public domain in the United +States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the +United States and you are located in the United States, we do not +claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, +displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as +all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope +that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting +free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm +works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the +Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily +comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the +same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when +you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are +in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, +check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this +agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, +distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any +other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no +representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any +country outside the United States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other +immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear +prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work +on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, +performed, viewed, copied or distributed: + + This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and + most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no + restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it + under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this + eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the + United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you + are located before using this ebook. + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is +derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not +contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the +copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in +the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are +redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply +either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or +obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm +trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any +additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms +will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works +posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the +beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including +any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access +to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format +other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official +version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site +(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense +to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means +of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain +Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the +full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +provided that + +* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed + to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has + agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project + Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid + within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are + legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty + payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project + Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in + Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg + Literary Archive Foundation." + +* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all + copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue + all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm + works. + +* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of + any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of + receipt of the work. + +* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than +are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing +from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The +Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm +trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project +Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may +contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate +or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other +intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or +other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or +cannot be read by your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium +with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you +with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in +lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person +or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second +opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If +the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing +without further opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO +OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT +LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of +damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement +violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the +agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or +limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or +unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the +remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in +accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the +production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, +including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of +the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this +or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or +additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any +Defect you cause. + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of +computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It +exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations +from people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future +generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see +Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at +www.gutenberg.org + + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by +U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the +mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its +volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous +locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt +Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to +date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and +official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact + +For additional contact information: + + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND +DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular +state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To +donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project +Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be +freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and +distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of +volunteer support. + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in +the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not +necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper +edition. + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search +facility: www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + + +</pre> + +</body> +</html> diff --git a/old/old/13936-8.txt b/old/old/13936-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..023407c --- /dev/null +++ b/old/old/13936-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2387 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 47, Saturday, +September 21, 1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net + + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 47, Saturday, September 21, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: November 3, 2004 [EBook #13936] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 47, *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team, and The Internet Library of Early Journals + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 47.] +SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1850 +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + + * * * * * {257} + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- + Old Songs. 257 + "Junius Identified." by J. Taylor. 258 + Folk Lore:--Spiders a Cure for Ague--Funeral Superstition--Folk + Lore Rhymes. 259 + On a Passage in the Tempest, by S.W. Singer. 259 + Punishment of Death of Burning. 260 + Note on Morganatic Marriages. 261 + Minor Notes:--Alderman Beckford--Frozen Horn--Inscription + translated--Parallel Passages--Note on George Herbert's Poems--"Crede + quod habes"--Grant to Earl of Sussex--First Woman formed from a + Rib--Beau Brummell's Ancestry. 262 + +QUERIES:-- + Gray's Elegy and Dodsley's Poems. 264 + Hugh Holland and his Works, by E.F. Rimbault, L.L.D. 265 + Harvey and the Circulation of the Blood. 266 + Minor Queries:--Bernardus Patricius--Meaning of + Hanger--Cat and Bagpipes--Andrew Becket--Laurence + Minot--Modena Family--Bamboozle--Butcher's + Blue Dress--Hatchment and Atchievement--"Te + colui Virtutem"--"Illa suavissima Vita"--Christianity, + Early Influence of--Meaning of Wraxen--Saint, + Legend of a--Land Holland--Farewell--Stepony + Ale--"Regis ad Exemplar"--La Caronacquerie--Rev. + T. Tailer--Mistletoe as a Christmas + Evergreen--Poor Robin's Almanacks--Sirloin--Thompson + of Esholt. 266 + +REPLIES:-- + Replies to Minor Queries:--Pension--Execution of + Charles I.--Paper Hangings--Black-guard--Pilgrims' + Road--Combs buried with the Dead--Arostation--St. + Thomas of Lancaster--Smoke Money--Robert Herrich--Guildhalls--Abb + Strickland--Long Conkin--Havock--Becket's Mother--Watching + the Sepulchre--Portraits of Charles I.--Joachim, + the French Ambassador. 269 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 271 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 271 + Notices to Correspondents. 271 + Advertisements. 272 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +OLD SONGS. + +I heard, "in other days," a father singing a comic old song to one of +his children, who was sitting on his knee. This was in Yorkshire: and +yet it could hardly be a Yorkshire song, as the scene was laid in +another county. It commenced with-- + + "Randle O'Shay has sold his mare + For nineteen groats at Warrin'ton fair," + +and goes on to show how the simpleton was cheated out of his money. + +I find in Hasted's _History of Kent_ (vol. i. p. 468., 2nd edit.) +mention made of the family of Shaw, who held the manor of Eltham, &c., +and who "derive themselves from the county palatine of Chester." It is +further stated that _Randal de Shaw_, his son, was settled at Haslington +Hall in that county. + +All, indeed, that this proves is, the probability of the hero of the +song being also a native of Cheshire, or one of the adjacent counties; +and that the legend is a truth, even as to names as well as general +facts. The song is worthy of recovery and preservation, as a remnant of +English character and manners; and I have only referred to Hasted to +point out the probable district in which it will be found. + +There are many other characteristics of the manners of the humbler +classes to be found in songs that had great local popularity within the +period of living memory; for instance, the _Wednesbury Cocking_ amongst +the colliers of Staffordshire and _Rotherham Status_ amongst the cutlers +of Sheffield. Their language, it is true, is not always very +delicate--perhaps was not even at the time these songs were +composed,--as they picture rather the exuberant freaks of a +half-civilised people than the better phases of their character. Yet +even these form "part and parcel" of the history of "the true-born +Englishman." + +One song more may be noticed here:--the rigmarole, snatches of which +probably most of us have heard, which contains an immense number of mere +truisms having no connexion with each others, and no bond of union but +the metrical form in which their juxtaposition is effected, and the +rhyme, which is kept up very well throughout, though sometimes by the +introduction of a nonsense line. Who does not remember-- + + "A yard of pudding's not an ell," + +or + + "Not forgetting _dytherum di_, + A tailor's goose can never fly," + +and other like parts? + +It is just such a piece of burlesque as Swift might have written: but +many circumstances lead me to think it must be much older. Has it ever +been printed? {258} + +There is another old (indeed an evidently very ancient) song, which I do +not remember to have seen in print, or even referred to in print. None +of the books into which I have looked, from deeming them likely to +contain it, make the least reference to this song. I have heard it in +one of the midland counties, and in one of the western, both many years +ago; but I have not heard it in London or any of the metropolitan +districts. The song begins thus:-- + + "London Bridge is broken down, + Dance over my Lady Lea: + London Bridge is broken down, + With a gay lade." + +This must surely refer to some event preserved in history,--may indeed +be well known to well-read antiquaries, though so totally unknown to men +whose general pursuits (like my own) have lain in other directions. The +present, however, is an age for "popularising" knowledge; and your work +has assumed that task as one of its functions. + +The difficulties attending such inquiries as arise out of matters so +trivial as an old ballad, are curiously illustrated by the answers +already printed respecting the "wooing frog." In the first place, it was +attributed to times within living memory; then shown to exceed that +period, and supposed to be very old,--even as old as the Commonwealth, +or, perhaps, as the Reformation. This is objected to, from "the style +and wording of the song being evidently of a much later period than the +age of Henry VIII.;" and Buckingham's "mad" scheme of taking Charles +into Spain to woo the infanta is substituted. This is enforced by the +"burden of the song;" whilst another correspondent considers this +"chorus" to be an old one, analogous to "Down derry down:"--that is, M. +denies the force of MR. MAHONY's explanation altogether! + +(Why MR. MAHONY calls a person in his "sixth decade" a "sexagenarian" he +best knows. Such is certainly not the ordinary meaning of the term he +uses. His pun is good, however.) + +Then comes the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT, with a very decisive proof that +neither in the time of James I., nor of the Commonwealth, could it have +originated. His transcript from Mr. Collier's _Extracts_ carries it +undeniably back to the middle of the reign of Elizabeth. Of course, it +is interesting to find intermediate versions or variations of the +ballad, and even the adaptation of its framework to other ballads of +recent times, such as "Heigho! says Kemble,"--one of the Drury Lane +"O.P. Row" ballads (_Rejected Addresses_, last ed., or Cunningham's +_London_). Why the conjecture respecting Henry VIII. is so +contemptuously thrown aside as a "fancy," I do not see. A _fancy_ is a +dogma taken up without proof, and in the teeth of obvious +probability,--tenaciously adhered to, and all investigation eschewed. +This at least is the ordinary signification of the term, in relation to +the search after truth. How far my own conjecture, or the mode of +putting it, fulfills these conditions, it is not necessary for me to +discuss: but I hope the usefulness and interest of the "NOTES AND +QUERIES" will not be marred by any discourtesy of one correspondent +towards another. + +At the same time, the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT has done the most essential +service to this inquiry by his extract from Mr. Collier, as the question +is thereby inclosed within exceedingly narrow limits. But if the ballad +do not refer to Henry VIII., to whom can it be referred with greater +probability? It is too much to assume that all the poetry, wit, and +talent of the Tudor times were confined to the partizans of the Tudor +cause, religious or political. We _know_, indeed, the contrary. But for +his communication, too, the singular coincidence of two such +characteristic words of the song in the "Poley Frog" (in the same number +of the "NOTES AND QUERIES") might have given rise to another conjecture: +but the _date_ excludes its further consideration. + +I may add, that since this has been mooted, an Irish gentleman has told +me that the song was familiar enough in Dublin; and he repeated some +stanzas of it, which were considerably different from the version of +W.A.G., and the chorus the same as in the common English version. I hope +presently to receive a complete copy of it: which, by the bye, like +everything grotesquely humorous in Ireland, was attributed to the author +of _Gulliver's Travels_. + +T.S.D. + + * * * * * + +"JUNIUS IDENTIFIED." + +It is fortunate for my reputation that I am still living to vindicate my +title to the authorship of my own book, which seems otherwise in danger +of being taken from me. + +I can assure your correspondent R.J. (Vol. ii., p. 103.) that I was not +only "literally _the writer_," (as he kindly suggests, with a view of +saving my credit for having put my name to the book), but in its fullest +sense _the author of "Junius Identified"_; and that I never received the +slightest assistance from Mr. Dubois, or any other person, either in +collecting or arranging the evidence, or in the composition and +correction of the work. After I had completed my undertaking, I wrote to +Mr. Dubois to ask if he would allow me to see the handwriting of Sir +Philip Francis, that I might {259} compare it with the published +fac-similes of the handwriting of Junius; but he refused my request. His +letter alone disproved the notion entertained by R.J. and others, that +Mr. Dubois was in any degree connected with me, or with the authorship +of the work in question. + +With regard to the testimony of Lord Campbell, I wrote to his lordship +in February, 1848, requesting his acceptance of a copy of _Junius +Identified_, which I thought he might not have seen; and having called +his attention to my name at the end of the preface, I begged he would, +when opportunity offered, correct his error in having attributed the +work to Mr. Dubois. I was satisfied with his lordship's reply, which was +to the effect that he was ashamed of his mistake, and would take care to +correct it. No new edition of that series of the _Lives of the +Chancellors_, which contains the "Life of Lord Loughborough," has since +been published. The present edition is dated 1847. + +R.J. says further, that "the late Mr. George Woodfall always spoke of +the _pamphlet_ as the work of Dubois;" and that Sir Fortunatus Dwarris +states, "the _pamphlet_ is said, I know not with what truth, to have +been prepared under the eye of Sir Philip Francis, it may be through the +agency of Dubois." If _Junius Identified_ be alluded to in these +observations as a _pamphlet_, it would make me doubt whether R.J., or +either of his authorities, ever saw the book. It is an 8vo. vol. The +first edition, containing 380 pages, was published in 1816, at 12s. The +second edition, which included the supplement, exceeded 400 pages, and +was published in 1818, at 14s. The supplement, which contains the plates +of handwriting, was sold separately at 3s. 6d., to complete the first +edition, but this could not have been the pamphlet alluded to in the +preceding extracts. I suspect that when the work is spoken of as a +pamphlet, and this if often done, the parties thus describing it have +known it only through the medium of the critique in the _Edinburgh +Review_. + +Mr. Dubois was the author of the biography of Sir Philip Francis, first +printed in the _Monthly Mirror_ for May and June, 1810, and reprinted in +_Junius Identified_, with acknowledgment of the source from which it was +taken. To this biography the remarks of Sir Fortunatus Dwarris are +strictly applicable, except that it never appeared in the form of a +pamphlet. + +JOHN TAYLOR. + +30. Upper Gower Street, Sept. 7. 1850. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Spiders a Cure for Ague_ (Vol. ii., p. 130.).--Seeing a note on this +subject reminds me that a few years since, a lady in the south of +Ireland was celebrated far and near, amongst her poorer neighbours, for +the cure of this disorder. Her universal remedy was a large house-spider +alive, and enveloped in treacle or preserve. Of course the parties were +carefully kept in ignorance of what the wonderful remedy was. + +Whilst I am on the subject of cures, I may as well state that in parts +of the co. Carlow, the blood drawn from a black cat's ear, and rubbed +upon the part affected, is esteemed a certain cure for St. Anthony's +fire. + +JUNIOR. + + +_Funeral Superstition._--A few days ago the body of a gentleman in this +neighbourhood was conveyed to the hearse, and while being placed in it, +the door of the house, whether from design or inadvertence I know not, +was closed before the friends came out to take their places in the +coaches. An old lady, who was watching the proceedings, immediately +exclaimed, "God bless me! they have closed the door upon the corpse: +there will be another death in that house before many days are over." +She was fully impressed with this belief, and unhappily this impression +has been confirmed. The funeral was on Saturday, and on the Monday +morning following a young man, resident in the house, was found dead in +bed, having died under the influence of chloroform, which he had +inhaled, self-administered, to relieve the pain of toothache or +tic-douloureux. + +Perhaps the superstition may have come before you already; but not +having met with it myself, I thought it might be equally new to others. + +H.J. + +Sheffield. + + * * * * * + +_Folk Lore Rhymes._-- + + "Find odd-leafed ash, and even-leafed clover, + And you'll see your true love before the day's over." + +If you wish to see your lover, throw salt on the fire every morning for +nine days, and say-- + + "It is not salt I mean to burn, + But my true lover's heart I mean to turn; + Wishing him neither joy nor sleep, + Till he come back to me and speak." + + "If you marry in Lent, + You will live to repent." + +WEDSECNARF. + + * * * * * + +EMENDATION OF A PASSAGE IN THE "TEMPEST." + +Premising that I should approach the text of our great poet with an +almost equal degree of awful reverence with that which characterises his +two latest editors, I must confess that I should not have the same +respect for evident errors of the printers of the early editions, which +they have occasionally shown. In the following passage in the _Tempest_, +Act i., Scene 1., this forbearance has not, however, been the cause of +the very unsatisfactory state in which they have both left it. I {260} +must be indulged in citing at length, that the context may the more +clearly show what was really the poet's meaning:-- + + "Enter FERDINAND _bearing a Log_. + + "_Fer._ There be some sports are painful; and their labour + Delight in them sets off; some kinds of baseness + Are nobly undergone; and most poor matters + Point to rich ends. This my mean task + Would be as heavy to me, as odious; but + The mistress, which I serve, quickens what's dead, + And makes my labours pleasures: O! she is + Ten times more gentle than her father's crabbed; + And he's composed of harshness. I must remove + Some thousands of these logs, and pile them up, + Upon a sore injunction: My sweet mistress + Weeps when she sees me work; and says such business + Had never like executor. I forget: + But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours; + Most busy lest when I do it." + +Mr. Collier reads these last two lines thus-- + + "But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours; + Most busy, least when I do it." + +with the following note-- + + "The meaning of this passage seems to have been misunderstood by + all the commentators. Ferdinand says that the thoughts of + Miranda so refresh his labours, that when he is most busy he + seems to feel his toil _least_. It is printed in the folio + 1623,-- + + 'Most busy _lest_ when I do it,' + + --a trifling error of the press corrected in the folio 1632, + although Theobald tells us that both the oldest editions read + _lest_. Not catching the poet's meaning, he printed,-- + + 'Most busy-_less_ when I do it,' + + and his supposed emendation has ever since been taken as the + text; even Capell adopted it. I am happy in having Mr. Amyot's + concurrence in this restoration." + +Mr. Knight adopts Theobald's reading, and Mr. Dyce approves it in the +following words:-- + + "When Theobald made the emendation, 'Most busy-_less_,' he + observed that 'the corruption was so very little removed from + the truth of the text, that he could not afford to think well of + his own sagacity for having discovered it.' The correction is, + indeed, so obvious that we may well wonder that it had escaped + his predecessors; but we must wonder ten times more that one of + his successors, in a blind reverence for the old copy, should + re-vitiate the text, and defend a corruption which outrages + language, taste, and common sense." + +Although at an earlier period of life I too adopted Theobald's supposed +emendation, it never satisfied me. I have my doubts whether the word +_busyless_ existed in the poet's time; and if it did, whether he could +possibly have used it here. Now it is clear that _labours_ is a misprint +for _labour_; else, to what does "when I do _it_" refer? _Busy lest_ is +only a typographical error for _busyest_: the double superlative was +commonly used, being considered as more emphatic, by the poet and his +contemporaries. + +Thus in Hamlet's letter, Act ii. Sc. 2.: + + "I love thee best, O _most best_." + +and in _King Lear_, Act ii. Sc. 3.: + + "To take the basest and _most poorest_ shape." + +The passage will then stand thus:-- + + "But these sweet thoughts, do even refresh my labour, + Most busiest when I do it." + +The sense will be perhaps more evident by a mere transposition, +preserving every word: + + "But these sweet thoughts, most busiest when I do + My labour, do even refresh it." + +Here we have a clear sense, devoid of all ambiguity, and confirmed by +what precedes; that his labours are made pleasures, being beguiled by +these sweet thoughts of his mistress, which are busiest when he labours, +because it excites in his mind the memory of her "weeping to see him +work." The correction has also the recommendation of being effected in +so simple a manner as by merely taking away two superfluous letters. I +trust I need say no more; secure of the approbation of those who (to use +the words of an esteemed friend on another occasion) feel "that making +an opaque spot in a great work transparent is not a labour to be +scorned, and that there is a pleasant sympathy between the critic and +bard--dead though he be--on such occasions, which is an ample reward." + +S.W. SINGER + +Mickleham, Aug 30. 1850. + + * * * * * + +PUNISHMENT OF DEATH BY BURNING. + +(Vol. ii., pp. 6. 50. 90. 165.) + +In the "NOTES AND QUERIES" of Saturday, the 10th of August, SENEX gives +some account of the burning of a female in the Old Bailey, "about the +year 1788." + +Having myself been present at the last execution of a female in London, +where the body was burnt (being probably that to which SENEX refers), +and as few persons who were then present may now be alive, I beg to +mention some circumstances relative to that execution, which appear to +be worthy of notice. + +Our criminal law was then most severe and cruel: the legal punishment of +females convicted of high treason and petty treason was burning; coining +was held to be high treason; and murder of a husband was petty treason. + +I see it stated in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, that on the 13th of +March, 1789,-- + + "The Recorder of London made his report to His Majesty of the + prisoners under sentence of death in Newgate, convicted in the + Sessions of September, October, November, and January (forty-six + in number), {261} fourteen of whom were ordered for execution; + five of whom were afterwards reprieved." + +The recorder's report in regard to these unfortunate persons had been +delayed during the incapacity of the king; thus the report for four +sessions had been made at once. To have decided at one sitting of +council upon such a number of cases, must have almost been enough to +overset the strongest mind. Fortunately, these reports are now +abolished. + +In the same number of the _Gentleman's Magazine_, under date the 18th of +March, there is this statement,-- + + "The nine following malefactors were executed before the + Debtors' Door at Newgate pursuant to their sentence, viz., Hugh + Murphy and Christian Murphy _alias_ Bowman, Jane Grace, and + Joseph Walker, for coining. [Four for burglary, and one for + highway robbery.] They were brought upon the scaffold, about + half an hour after seven, and _turned off_ about a quarter past + eight. The woman for coining was brought out after the rest were + turned off, and fixed to a stake and burnt; being first + strangled by the stool being taken from under her." + +This is the execution at which I was present; the number of those who +suffered, and the burning of the female, attracted a very great crowd. +Eight of the malefactors suffered on the scaffold, then known as "the +new drop." After they were suspended, the woman, in a white dress, was +brought out of Newgate alone; and after some time spent in devotion, was +hung on the projecting arm of a low gibbet, fixed at a little distance +from the scaffold. After the lapse of a sufficient time to extinguish +life, faggots were piled around her, and over her head, so that her +person was completely covered: fire was then set to the pile, and the +woman was consumed to ashes. + +In the following year, 1790, I heard sentence passed in the Criminal +Court, in the Old Bailey, upon other persons convicted of coining: one +of them was a female. The sentence upon her was, that she should be +"drawn to the place of execution, and there burnt with fire till she was +dead." + +The case of this unfortunate woman, and the cruel state of the law in +regard to females, then attracted attention. On the 10th of May, 1790, +Sir Benjamin Hammett, in his place in the House of Commons, called the +attention of that House to the then state of the law. He mentioned that +it had been his official duty to attend on the melancholy occasion of +the burning of the female in the preceding year (it is understood he was +then one of the sheriffs of London), he moved for leave to bring in a +bill to alter the law, which he characterised as-- + + "One of the savage remains of Norman policy, disgracing our + statute book, as the practice did the common law." + +He noticed that the sheriff who did not execute the sentence of burning +alive was liable to a prosecution; but he thanked Heaven there was not a +man in England who would carry such a sentence into effect. He obtained +leave to bring in a bill for altering this cruel law; and in that +session the Act 30 G. III. c. 48. was passed-- + + "For discontinuing the judgment which has been required by law + to be given against women convicted of certain crimes, and + substituting another judgment in lieu thereof." + +A debt of gratitude is due to the memory of Sir Benjamin Hammett, for +his exertions, at that period, in the cause of humanity. Thank God, we +now live in times when the law is less cruel, and more chary of human +life. + +OCTOGENARIUS. + + * * * * * + +A NOTE ON MORGANATIC MARRIAGES. + +Grimm (_Deutsche Rechts Alterthumer_, vol. ii., p. 417.), after a long +dissertation, in which it appears that the money paid by the bridegroom +to the wife's relations (I believe subsequently also to the wife +herself) had every form of a _purchase_, possibly derived also from some +_symbolic_ customs common to all northern tribes, offers the following +as the origin of this word "morganatic:"-- + + "Es gab aber im Alterthum noch einen erlaubten Ausweg fr die + Verbindung vorneluner Mnner mit geringen (freien und selbst + unfreien) Frauen, den _Concubinat_, der ohne feierliches + Verlbniss, ohne _Brautgabe_ und _Mitgift_ eingegangen wurde, + mithin _keine wahre und volle Ehe_, dennoch ein rechtmssiges + Verhltniss war. + + "Da jedoch die Kirche ein solches Verhltniss missbilligte durch + keine Einsegnung weihte, so wurde es allmhlich unerlaubt und + verboten als Ausnahme aber bis auf die neueste Zeit fr Frsten + zugelassen--ja durch Trauung an die linke Hand gefeiert. Die + Benennung Morganatische Ehe,--Matrimonium ad Morganaticam (11. + Feud. 29.), rhrt daher, dass _den Concubinen_ eine _Morgangabe_ + (woraus im Mittelalter die Lombarden '_Morganatica_' + machten)--bewilligt zu werden pflegte--_es waren Ehen auf blosse + Morgengabe_. Den Beweis liefern Urkunden, die Morganatica fr + Morgengabe auch in Fallen gebrauchen wo von wahrer Ehe die Rede + ist." (See Heinecius, _Antiq_. 3. 157, 158.) + +The case now stands thus: + +It was the custom to give money to the wife's relations on the +marriage-day. + +It was not the custom with respect to unequal marriage (Misheirath): +this took place "ohne Brautgabe und Mitgift," which was also of later +origin. + +The exception made by the Church for _princes_, restored the woman so +far, that the marriage was legally and morally recognised by the Lombard +law and the Church, with exceptions as regards _issue_, and that the +left hand was given for the _right_. + +With regard to this latter, it would be desirable {262} to trace whether +giving of the land had any _symbolic_ meaning. I think the +astrologists consider the right as the nobler part of the body; if so, +giving of _the left_ in this case is not without symbolic significance. +It must be remembered how much symbolism prevailed among the tribes +which swept Europe on the fall of the Roman empire, and their Eastern +origin. + +The Morgengabe, according to Cancianus (_Leges Barbarorum_, tom. iv. p. +24.), was at first a _free gift_ made by the husband after the first +marriage night. This was carried to such excess, that Liutprand ordained + + "Tamen ipsum Morgengabe volumus, ut non sit amplius nisi quarta + pars ejus substantia, qui ipsum Morgengabe dedit." + +This became subsequently converted into a _right_ termed _justitia_. + +Upon this extract from a charter,-- + + "Manifesta causa est mihi, quoniam die ilio quando te sposavi, + promiseram tibi dare _justitiam_ tuam secundum _legem meam_ [qr. + _my Lombard_ law in opposition to the Roman, which he had a + right to choose,] in Morgencap, id est, quartam portionem omnium + rerum mobilium et immobilium," &c. + +Cancianus thus comments:-- + + "Animadverte, quam recte charta hc cum supra alligatis formulis + conveniat. Sponsus promiserat Morgencap, quando feminam + desponsaverat, inde vero ante conjugium chartam conscribit: et + quod et Liutprandi lege, et ex antiquis moribus _Donum_ fuit + mere gratuitum, hic appellatur _Justitia_ secundum legem + Langobardorum." + +The Morgencap here assumes, I apprehend, somewhat the form of _dower_. +That it was so, is very doubtful. (Grimm, vol. ii. p. 441. +"Morgengabe.") + + "An demselben Morgen empfngt die JungFrau von ihrem Gemahl ein + ansehnliches Geschenk, welches Morgengabe heisst. Schon in der + Pactio Guntherammi et Childeberti, werden Dos und Morganagiba + _unterschieden_, ebenso _Leg. Rip._ 37. 2. _Alaman_. 56. 1, 2. + Dos und Morgangeba; _Lex Burgend._ 42. 2. Morgangeba und das + 'pretium nuptiale;' bei den Langobarden, 'Meta und Morgengab.'" + +I do not say this answers the question of your correspondent G., which +is, what is the _derivation_ of the word? + +Its actual signification, I think, means left-handed; but to think is +not to resolve, and the question is open to the charitable contributions +of your learned and able supporters. + +As regards the Fairy Morgana, who was married to a mortal, I confess, +with your kind permission, I had rather not accept her as a satisfactory +reply. It is as though you would accept "once upon a time" as a +chronological date! She was _married_ to a mortal--true; but +_morganatically_, I doubt it. If morganatic came from this, it should +appear the _Fairy Morgana_ was the _first lady_ who so underwent the +ceremony. Do not forget Lurline, who married also a mortal, of whom the +poet so prettily sings: + + "Lurline hung her head, + Turned pale, and then red; + And declared his abruptness in popping the question + So soon after dinner had spoilt her digestion." + +This lady's marriage resembled the other in all respects, and I leave +you to decide, and no man is more competent, from your extensive +knowledge of the mythology of Medieval Europe, whether Morgana, beyond +the mere accident of her name, was more likely than Lurline to have +added a word with a puzzling etymology to the languages of Europe. The +word will, I think, be found of Eastern origin, clothed in a Teutonic +form. + +After all, Jacob Grimm and Cancianus may interest your readers, and so I +send the Note. + +S.H. + +Athenum, Sept. 6. 1850 + + * * * * * + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Alderman Beckford._--Gifford (_Ben Jonson_, vol. vi. p. 481.) has the +following note:-- + + "The giants of Guildhall, thank heaven, yet defend their charge: + it only remains to wish that the citizens may take example by + the fate of Holmeby, and not expose them to an attack to which + they will assuredly be found unequal. It is not altogether owing + to their wisdom that this has not already taken place. For + twenty years they were chained to the car of a profligate + buffoon, who dragged them through every species of ignominy to + the verge of rebellion; and their hall is even yet disgraced + with the statue of a worthless negro-monger, in the act of + insulting their sovereign with a speech of which (factious and + brutal as he was) _he never uttered one syllable_." ... "By my + troth, captain, these are very bitter words." + +But Gifford was _generally_ correct in his assertions; and twenty-two +years after _his_ note, I made the following one:-- + + "It is a curious fact, but a true one, that Beckford _did not + utter one syllable of this speech_. It was penned by Horne + Tooke, and by his art put on the records of the city and on + Beckford's statue, as he told me, Mr. Braithwaite, Mr. Seyers, + &c., at the Athenian Club. + + "ISAAC REED. + + "See the _Times_ Of July 23. 1838, p. 6." + +The worshipful Company of Ironmongers have _relegated their_ statue from +their hall to a lower position: but it still disgraces the Guildhall, +and will continue to do so, as long as any factious demagogue is +permitted to have a place among its members. + +L.S. + + +_The Frozen Horn._--Perhaps it is not generally known that the writer of +_Munchausen's Travels_ borrowed this amusing incident from Heylin's +{263} _Mikrokosmos_. In the section treating of Muscovy, he says:-- + + "This excesse of cold in the ayre, gave occasion to _Castilian_, + in his _Aulicus_, wittily and not incongruously to faine that if + two men being smewhat distant, talke together in the winter, + their words will be so frozen that they cannot be heard: but if + the parties in the spring returne to the same place, their words + will melt in the same order that they were frozen and _spoken_, + and be plainly understood." + +J.S. + +Salisbury. + + +_Inscription from Roma Subterranea._--If you deem the translation of +this inscription, quoted in Lord Lindsay's fanciful but admirable +_Sketches of the History of Christian Art_, worth a place among your +Notes, it is very heartily at your service. + + "Sisto viator + Tot ibi tropha, quot ossa + Quot martyres, tot triumphi. + Antra qu subis, multa qu cernis marmora, + Vel dum silent, + Palam Rom gloriam loquuntur. + Audi quid Echo resonet + Subterrane Rom! + Obscura licet Urbis Coemetria + Totius patens Orbis Theatrium! + Supplex Loci Sanetitatem venerare, + Et post hac sub luto aurum + Coelum sub coeno + Sub Rom Romam qurito!" + +_Roma Subterranea_, 1651, tom. i. p. 625. + +(Inscription abridged.) + + Stay, wayfarer--behold + In ev'ry mould'ring bone a trophy here. + In all these hosts of martyrs, + So many triumphs. + These vaults--these countless tombs, + E'en in their very silence + Proclaim aloud Rome's glory: + The echo'd fame + Of subterranean Rome + Rings on the ear. + The city's sepulchres, albeit hidden, + Present a spectacle + To the wide world patent. + In lowly rev'rence hail this hallow'd spot, + And henceforth learn + Gold beneath dross + Heav'n below earth, + Rome under Rome to find! + +F.T.J.B. + +Brookthorpe. + + +_Parallel Passages._-- + + "_There is an acre sown with royal seed_, the copy of the + greatest change from rich to naked, from cieled roofs to arched + coffins, from _living like gods to die like men_."--Jeremy + Taylor's _Holy Dying_, chap. i. sect. 1. p. 272. ed. Edin. + + "_Here's an acre sown_ indeed + _With_ the richest _royalest seeds_, + That the earth did e'er suck in, + Since the first man dyed for sin: + Here the bones of birth have cried, + Though _gods they were, as men they died_." + F. BEAUMONT + +M.W. +Oxon. + + +_A Note on George Herbert's Poems._--In the notes by Coleridge attached +to Pickering's edition of George Herbert's _Poems_, on the line-- + + "My flesh beg_u_n unto my soul in pain," + +Coleridge says-- + + "Either a misprint, or noticeable idiom of the word _began_: + Yes! and a very beautiful idiom it is: the first colloquy or + address of the flesh." + +The idiom is still in use in Scotland. "You had better not begin to me," +is the first address or colloquy of the school-boy half-angry +half-frightened at the bullying of a companion. The idiom was once +English, though now obsolete. Several instances of it are given in the +last edition of Foxe's _Martyrs_, vol. vi. p. 627. It has not been +noticed, however, that the same idiom occurs in one of the best known +passages of Shakspeare; in Clarence's dream, _Richard III._, Act i. Sc. +4.: + + "O, then _began_ the tempest _to_ my soul." + +Herbert's _Poems_ will afford another illustration to Shakspeare, +_Hamlet_, Act iv. Sc. 7.:-- + + "And then this _should_ is like a spendthrift sigh, + That hurts by easing." + +Coleridge, in the _Literary Remains_, vol. i. p. 233., says-- + + "In a stitch in the side, every one must have heaved + a sigh that hurts by easing." + +Dr. Johnson saw its true meaning: + + "It is," he says, "a notion very prevalent, that sighs impair + the strength, and wear out the animal powers." + +In allusion to this popular notion, by no means yet extinct, Herbert +says, p. 71.: + + "Or if some years with it (a sigh) escape + The sigh then only is + A gale to bring me sooner to my bliss." + +D.S. + + +"_Crede quod habes_," &c.--The celebrated answer to a Protestant about +the real presence, by the borrower of his horse, is supposed to be made +since the Reformation, by whom I forget:-- + + "Quod nuper dixisti + De corpore Christi + Crede quod edis et edis; + Sic tibi rescribo + De tuo palfrido + Crede quod habes et habes." + +But in Wright and Halliwell's _Reliqui Antiqu_, {264} p. 287., from a +manuscript of the time of Henry VII., is given-- + + "Tu dixisti de corpore Christi, crede et habes + De palefrido sic tibi scribo, crede et habes." + +M. + + +_Grant to the Earl of Sussex of Leave to be covered in the Royal +Presence._--In editing Heylyn's _History of the Reformation_, I had to +remark of the grant made by Queen Mary to the Earl of Sussex, that it +was the only one of Heylyn's documents which I had been unable to trace +elsewhere (ii. 90.). Allow me to state in your columns, that I have +since found it in Weever's _Funeral Monuments_ (pp. 635, 636). + +J.C. ROBERTSON. + +Bekesbourne. + + +_The first Woman formed from a Rib_ (Vol. ii., p. 213.).--As you have +given insertion to an extract of a sermon on the subject of the creation +of Eve, I trust you will allow me to refer your correspondent +BALLIOLENSIS to Matthew Henry's commentary on the second chapter of +Genesis, from which I extract the following beautiful explanation of the +reason why the _rib_ was selected as the material whereof the woman +should be created:-- + + "Fourthly, that the woman was made of a rib out of the side of + Adam; not made out of his head to top him, nor out of his feet + to be trampled upon by him; but out of his side to be equal with + him, under his arm to be protected, and near his heart to be + beloved." + +IOTA. + + +_Beau Brummel's Ancestry._--Mr. Jesse some years back did ample justice +to the history of a "London celebrity," George Brummell; but, from what +he there stated, the following "Note" will, I feel assured, be a novelty +to him. At the time that Brummell was considered in everything the +_arbiter elegantiarum_, the writer of this has frequently heard Lady +Monson (the widow of the second lord, and an old lady who, living to the +age of ninety-seven, had a wonderful fund of interesting recollections) +say, that this ruler of fashion was the descendant of a very excellent +servant in the family. Not long ago, some old papers of the family being +turned over, proofs corroborative of this came to light. William +Brummell, from the year 1734 to 1764, was the faithful and confidential +servant of Charles Monson, brother of the first lord: the period would +identify him with the grandfather of the Beau; the only doubt was, that +as Mr. Jesse has ascertained that William Brummell, the grandfather, +was, in the interval above given, married, had a _son William_, and +owned a house in Bury Street, how far these facts were compatible with +his remaining as a servant living with Charles Monson, both in town and +country. Now, in 1757, Professor Henry Monson of Cambridge being +dangerously ill, his brother Charles sent William Brummell down, as a +trustworthy person, to attend to him; and in a letter from Brummell to +his master, he, with many other requisitions, wishes that there may be +sent down to him a certain glass vessel, very useful for invalids to +drink out of, and which, if not in Spring Gardens, "may be found in +_Bury Street_. It was used when _Billy_ was ill." From the familiarity +of the word "Billy," he must be speaking of his son. These facts are +certainly corroborative of the old dowager's statement. + +M(2). + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +GRAY'S ELEGY AND DODSLEY POEMS. + +I have here, in the country, few editions of Gray's works by me, and +those not the best; for instance, I have neither of those by the Rev. J. +Mitford (excepting his Aldine edition, in one small volume), which, +perhaps, would render my present Query needless. It relates to a line, +or rather a word in the _Elegy_, which is of some importance. In the +second stanza, as the poem is usually divided (though Mason does not +give it in stanzas, because it was not so originally written), occurs, + + "Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight." + +And thus the line stands in all the copies (five) I am able at this +moment to consult. But referring to Dodsley's _Collection of Poems_, +vol. iv., where it comes first, the epithet applied to "flight" is not +"droning," but _drony_-- + + "Save where the beetle wheels his _drony_ flight." + +Has anybody observed upon this difference, which surely is worthy of a +Note? I cannot find that the circumstance has been remarked upon, but, +as I said, I am here without the means of consulting the best +authorities. The _Elegy_, I presume, must have been first separately +printed, and from thence transferred to Dodsley's _Collection_; and I +wish to be informed by some person who has the earliest impression, how +the line is there given? I do not know any one to whom I can appeal on +such a point with greater confidence than to MR. PETER CUNNINGHAM, who, +I know, has a large assemblage of the first editions of our most +celebrated poets from the reign of Anne downwards, and is so well able +to make use of them. It would be extraordinary, if _drony_ were the +epithet first adopted by Gray, and subsequently altered by him to +"droning," that no notice should have been taken of the substitution by +any of the poet's editors. I presume, therefore, that it has been +mentioned, and I wish to know where? + +Now, a word or two on Dodsley's _Collection of Poems_, in the fourth +volume of which, as I have {265} stated, Gray's-_Elegy_ comes first. +Dodsley's is a popular and well-known work, and yet I cannot find _that +anybody has given the dates connected with it accurately_. If Gray's +_Elegy_ appeared in it for the first time (which I do not suppose), it +came out in 1755 which is the date of vol. iv. of Dodsley's +_Collection_, and not in 1757, which is the date of the Strawberry Hill +edition of Gray's _Odes_. The Rev. J. Mitford (Aldine edit. xxxiii.) +informs us that "Dodsley published three volumes of this _Collection_ in +1752; the fourth volume was published in 1755 and the fifth and sixth +volumes, which completed the _Collection_, in 1758." I am writing with +the title-pages of the work open before me, and I find that the first +three volumes were published, not in 1752, but in 1748, and that even +this was the second edition so that there must have been an edition of +the first three volumes, either anterior to 1748, or earlier in that +year. The sale of the work encouraged Dodsley to add a fourth volume in +1755, and two others in 1758 and the plate of Apollo and the Muses was +re-engraved for vols. v. and vi., because the original copper, which had +served for vols. i., ii., iii., and iv., was so much worn. + +This matter will not seem of such trifling importance to those who bear +in mind, that if Gray's _Elegy_ did not originally come out in this +_Collection_ in 1755, various other poems of great merit and +considerable popularity did then make their earliest appearance. + +THE HERMIT OF HOLYPORT. + +Sept. 1850. + +P.S. My attention has been directed to the subject of Gray's _Poems_, +and particularly to his _Elegy_, by a recent pilgrimage I made to Stoke +Poges, which is only five or six miles from this neighbourhood. The +church and the poet's monument to his mother are worth a much longer +walk; but the mausoleum to Gray, in the immediate vicinity, is a +preposterous edifice. The residence of Lady Cobham has been lamentably +modernised. + + * * * * * + +HUGH HOLLAND AND HIS WORKS. + +The name of Hugh Holland has been handed down to posterity in connexion +with that of our immortal bard; but few know anything of him beyond his +commendatory verses prefixed to the first folio of Shakspeare. + +He was born at Denbigh in 1558, and educated at Westminster School while +Camden taught there. In 1582 he matriculated at Baliol College, Oxford; +and about 1590 he succeeded to a Fellowship at Trinity College, +Cambridge. Thence he travelled into Italy, and at Rome was guilty of +several indiscretions by the freedom of his conversations. He next went +to Jerusalem to pay his devotions at the Holy Sepulchre, and on his +return touched at Constantinople, where he received a reprimand from the +English ambassador for the former freedom of his tongue. At his return +to England, he retired to Oxford, and, according to Wood, spent some +years there for the sake of the public library. He died in July, 1633, +and was buried in Westminster Abbey, "in the south crosse aisle, neere +the dore of St. Benet's Chapell," but no inscription now remains to +record the event. + +Whalley, in Gifford's _Jonson_ (1. cccxiv.), says, speaking of Hugh +Holland-- + + "He wrote several things, amongst which is the life of Camden; + but none of them, I believe, have been ever published." + +Holland published two works, the titles of which are as follows, and +perhaps others which I am not aware of:-- + +1. "Monumenta Sepulchralia Sancti Pauli. Lond. 1613. 4to." + +2. "A Cypres Garland for the Sacred Forehead of our late Soveraigne King +James. Lond. 1625. 4to." + +The first is a catalogue of the monuments, inscriptions, and epitaphs in +the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, which Nicolson calls "a mean and dull +performance." It was, at any rate, very popular, being printed again in +the years 1616, 1618, and 1633. + +The second is a poetical tract of twelve leaves, of the greatest +possible rarity. + +Holland also printed commendatory verses before a curious musical work, +entitled _Parthenia, or the Maydenhead of the First Musick for the +Virginalls_, 1611; and a copy of Latin verses before Dr. Alexander's +_Roxana_, 1632. + +In one of the Lansdowne MSS. are preserved the following verses written +upon the death of Prince Henry, by "Hugh Hollande, fellow of Trinity +College, Cambridge:"-- + + "Loe, where he shineth yonder + A fixed Star in heaven, + Whose motion here came under + None of the planets seven. + If that the Moone should tender + The Sun her love, and marry, + They both could not engender + So sweet a star as HARRY." + +Our author was evidently a man of some poetical fancy, and if not worthy +to be classed "among the chief of English poets," he is at least +entitled to a niche in the temple of fame. + +My object in calling attention to this long forgotten author is, to gain +some information respecting his manuscript works. According to Wood, +they consist of--1. Verses in Description of the chief Cities of Europe; +2. Chronicle of Queen Elizabeth's reign; 3. Life of William Camden. + +Can any of your readers say in whose possession, {266} or in what +library, any of the above mentioned MSS. are at the present time? I +should also feel obliged for any communication respecting Hugh Holland +or his works, more especially frown original sources, or books not +easily accessible. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +HARVEY'S CLAIM TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD. + +I have both a Note and a Query about Harvey and the circulation of the +blood (Vol. ii., p. 187.). The Note refers to Philostratus (_Life of +Apollorius_, p. 461., ed. 1809), _Nouvelles de la Rpublique des +Lettres_, June, 1684, xi.; and Dutens pp. 157-341. 4to. ed. 1796. I +extract the passage from _Les Nouvelles_:-- + + "On voit avec plaisir un passage d'Andr Csalpinus qui contient + fort clairement la doctrine de la circrilation. Il est tir de + ses Questions sur la mdecine imprimes l'an 1593. Jean + Leonicenas ajote que le pre Paul dcouvrit la circulation du + sang, et les valvules des veines, mais qu'il n'osa pas en + parler, de peur d'exciter contre luy quelque tempte. Il n'etois + dj que trop suspect, et il n'eut fallu que ce nouveau paradoxe + pour le transformer en hrtique dans le pais d'inquisition. Si + bien qu'il ne communiqua son secret qu'au seul Aquapendente, qui + n'osant s'exposer l'envie.... Il attendit l'heure de sa mort + pour mettre le livre qu'il avoit compos touchant les valvules + des veines entre les mains de la rpublique de Venise, et comme + les moindres nouveautez font peur en cc pais-l, le livre fut + cach dans le billiothque de Saint Marc. Mais parcequ' + Aquapendente ne fit pas difficult de s'ouvrir un jeune + Anglois fort curieux nomm Harve, qui tudioit sous lui a + Padou, et qu'en mme temps le pre Paul fit a mme confidence + l'Ambassadeur d'Angleterre, ces deux Anglois de retour chez eux, + et se voyant en pais de libert, publirent ce dogme, et l'ayant + confirm par plusieurs expriences, s'en attriburent toute la + gloire." + +The Query is, what share Harvey had in the discovery attributed to him? + +W.W.B. + + * * * * * + +Minor Queries. + +_Bernardus Patricius._--Some writers mention _Bernardus_ Patricius as a +follower of Copernicus, about the time of Galileo. Who was he? + +M. + + +_Meaning of Hanger._--Can any one of your readers inform me, what is the +meaning of the word _hanger_, so frequently occurring in the names of +places in Bedfordshire, such as Panshanger? + +W. Anderson + + +_Cat and Bagpipes._--In studying some letters which passed between two +distinguished philosophers of the last century, I have found in one +epistle a request that the writer might be remembered "to his friends at +the Crown and Anchor, and the _Cat and Bagpipes_." The letter was +addressed to a party in London, where doubtless, both those places of +entertainment were. The Crown and Anchor was the house where the Royal +Society Club held its convivial meetings. Can you inform me where the +Cat and Bagpipes was situated, and what literary and scientific club met +there? The name seems to have been a favourite one for taverns, and, if +mistake not, is common in Ireland. Is it a corruption of some foreign +title, as so many such names are, or merely a grotesque and piquant +specimen of sign-board literature? + +Quasimodo. + + +_Andrew Becket._--A.W. Hammond will feel obliged for any information +respecting Andrew Becket, Esq., who died 19th January, 1843, t. 95, and +to whose memory there is a handsome monument in Kennington Church. +According to that inscription, he was "ardently devoted to the pursuits +of literature," personally acquainted in early life with the most +distinguished authors of his day, long the intimate friend of David +Garrick, "and a profound commentator on the dramatic works of +Shakspeare." Can any of the learned readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" +satisfy this Query? + + +_Laurence Minot._--Is any other MS. of Minot known, besides the one from +which Ritson drew his text? Is there any other edition of this poet +besides Ritson's, and the reprints thereof? + +E.S. JACKSON. + + +_Modena Family._--When did Victor Amadeus, King of Sardinia, die? When +did his daughter, Mary Duchess of Modena, die, (the mother of the +present Duke of Modena, and through whom he is the direct heir of the +House of Stuart)? + +L.M.M.R. + + +_Bamboozle._--What is the etymology of _bamboozle_, used as a verb? + +L.M.M.R. + + +_Butcher's Blue Dress._--What is the origin of the custom, which seems +all but universal in England, for butchers to wear a blouse or frock of +_blue_ colour? Though so common in this country as to form a distinctive +mark of the trade, and to be almost a butcher's uniform, it is, I +believe, unknown on the continent. Is it a custom which has originate in +some supposed utility, or in the official dress of a guild or company, +or in some accident of which a historical notice has been preserved? + +L. + + +_Hatchment and Atchievement._--Can any one of the readers of "NOTES AND +QUERIES" tell me how comes the corruption _hatchment_ from +_atchievement_? Ought the English word to be spelt with a _t_, or thus, +_achievement_? Why are hatchments put up in churches and on houses? + +W. ANDERSON. {267} + + +"_Te colui Virtutem_."--Who is the author of the line-- + + "Te colui virtutem ut rem ast tu nomen inane es?" + +It is a translation of part of a Greek tragic fragment, quoted, +according to Dio Cassius, by Brutus just before his death. As much as is +here translated is also to be found in Plutarch _De Superstitione_. + +E. + + +"_Illa suavissima Vita_."--Where does "Illa suavissima vita indies +sentire se fieri meliorem" come from? + +E. + + +_Christianity, Early Influence of._--"The beneficial influence of the +Christian clergy during the first thousand years of the Christian era." + +What works can be recommended on the above subject? + +X.Y.Z. + + +_Wraxen, Meaning of._--What is the origin and meaning of the word +_wraxen_, which was used by a Kentish woman on being applied to by a +friend of mine to send her children to the Sunday-school, in the +following sentence?--"Why, you see, they go to the National School all +the week, and get so _wraxen_, that I cannot send them to the Sunday +School too." + +G.W. Skyring. + + +_Saint, Legend of a._--Can any of your correspondents inform me where I +can find the account of some saint who, when baptizing a heathen, +inadvertently pierced the convert's foot with the point of his crozier. +The man bore the pain without flinching, and when the occurrence was +discovered, he remarked that he thought it was part of the ceremony? + +J.Y.C. + + +_Land Holland--Farewell._--In searching some Court Rolls a few days +since, I found some land described as "Land Holland" or "Hollandland." I +have been unable to discover the meaning of this expression, and should +be glad if any of your correspondents can help me. + +In the same manor there is custom for the tenant to pay a sum as a +_farewell_ to the lord on sale or alienation: this payment is in +addition to the ordinary fine, &c. Query the origin and meaning of this? + +J.B.C. + + +_Stepony Ale._--Chamberlayne, in his _Present State of England_ (part. +i. p. 51., ed. 1677), speaking of the "Dyet" of the people, thus +enumerates the prevailing beverages of the day:-- + + "Besides all sorts of the best wines from Spain, France, Italy, + Germany, Grecia, there are sold in London above twenty sorts of + other drinks: as brandy, coffee, chocolate, tea, aromatick, mum, + sider, perry, beer, ale; many sorts of ales very different, as + cock, _stepony_, stickback, Hull, North-Down, Sambidge, Betony, + scurvy-grass, sage-ale, &c. A piece of wantonness whereof none + of our ancestors were ever guilty." + +It will be observed that the ales are named in some instances from +localities, and in others from the herbs of which they were decoctions. +Can any of your readers tell me anything of Stepony ale? Was it ale +brewed at Stepney? + +James T. Hammack + + +"_Regis ad Exemplar_."--Can you inform me whence the following line is +taken? + + "Regis ad exemplar totus componitur orbis." + +Q.Q.Q. + + +"_La Caconacquerie_".--Will one of your numerous correspondents be kind +enough to inform me what is the true signification and derivation of the +word "caconac?" D'Alembert, writing to Voltaire concerning Turgot, says: + + "You will find him an excellent _caconac_, though he has reasons + for not avowing it:--la caconacquerie ne mne pas la fortune." + +Ardern. + + +_London Dissenting Ministers: Rev. Thomas Tailer._--Not being entirely +successful in my Queries with regard to "London Dissenting Ministers" +(Vol. i., pp. 383. 444. 454.), I will state a circumstance which, +possibly, may assist some one of your correspondents in furnishing an +answer to the second of those inquiries. + +In the lines immediately referred to, where certain Nonconformist +ministers of the metropolis are described under images taken from the +vegetable world, the late Rev. Thomas Tailer (of Carter Lane), whose +voice was feeble and trembling, is thus spoken of:-- + + "Tailer tremulous as aspen leaves." + +But in verses afterwards circulated, if not printed, the censor was +rebuked as follows:-- + + "Nor tell of Tailer's trembling voice so weak, + While from his lips such charming accents break, + And every virtue, every Christian grace, + Within his bosom finds a ready place." + +No encomium could be more deserved, none more seasonably offered or more +appropriately conveyed. I knew Mr. Tailer, and am pleased in cherishing +recollections of him. + +W. + + +_Mistletoe as a Christmas Evergreen._--Can any of your readers inform me +at what period of time the mistletoe came to be recognised as a +Christmas evergreen? I am aware it played a great part in those +ceremonies of the ancient Druids which took place towards the end of the +year, but I cannot find any allusion to it, in connexion with the +Christian festival, before the time of Herrick. You are of course aware, +that there are still in existence some five or six very curious old +carols, of as early, or even an earlier date than the fifteenth century, +in praise of the holly or the ivy, which said carols used to be sung +during the Christmas {268} festivities held by our forefathers but I can +discover no allusion even to the mistletoe for two centuries later. If +any of your readers should be familiar with any earlier allusion in +prose, but still more particularly in verse, printed or in manuscript, I +shall feel obliged by their pointing it out. + +V. + + +_Poor Robin's Almanacks._--I am anxious to ascertain in which public or +private library is to be found the most complete collection of Poor +Robin's _Almanacks_: through the medium of your columns, I may, perhaps, +glean the desired information. + +V. + + +_Sirloin._--When on a visit, a day or two since, to the very interesting +_ruin_ (for so it must be called) of Haughton Castle, near Blackburn, +Lancashire, I heard that the origin of this word was the following freak +of James I. in his visit to the castle; a visit, by the way, which is +said to have ruined the host, and to have been not very profitable even +to all his descendants. A magnificent loin of meat being placed on the +table before his Majesty, the King was so struck with its size and +excellence, that he drew his sword, and cried out, "By my troth, I'll +knight thee, Sir Loin!" and then and there the title was given; a title +which has been honoured, unlike other knighthoods, by a goodly +succession of illustrious heirs. Can any of your correspondents vouch +for the truth of this? + +H.C. +Bowden, Manchester. + + +_Thomson of Esholt._--In the reign of Henry VIII. arms were granted to +Henry Thomson, of Esholt, co. York, one of that monarch's +gentlemen-at-arms at Boulogne. The grant was made by Laurence Dalton, +Norroy. The shield was--Per fesse embattled, ar. and sa., three falcons, +belted, countercharged--a _bend_ sinister. Crest: An armed arm, embowed, +holding a lance, erect. Families of the name of Thompson, bearing the +same shield, have been seated at Kilham, Scarborough, Escrick, and other +places in Yorkshire. My inquiries are,-- + +1. Will any of your readers by kind enough to inform me where any +mention is made of this grant, and the circumstances under which it was +made? + +2. Whether any _ancient_ monuments, or heraldic bearings of the family, +are still extant in any parts of Yorkshire? + +3. Whether any work on Yorkshire genealogies exists, and what is the +best to be consulted? + +JAYTEE. + + * * * * * + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Pension_ (Vol. ii., p. 134.).--In the _Dictionnaire Universelle_, 1775, +vol. ii. p. 203., I find the following explanation of the French word +_Pension_:-- + + "Somme qu'on donne pour la nourriture et le logement de + quelqu'un. _Il se dit aussi du lieu o l'on donne manger._" + +May not the meeting of the benchers have derived its name for their +dining-room in which they assembled? + +BRAYBROOKE. + + +_Execution of Charles I._ (Vol. ii., pp. 72. 110-140. 158.).--In Lilly's +_History of his Life and Times_, I find the following interesting +account in regard to the vizored execution of Charles I., being part of +the evidence he gave when examined before the first parliament of King +Charles II. respecting the matter. Should any of your correspondents be +able to substantiate this, or produce more conclusive evidence in +determining who the executioner was, I shall be extremely obliged. Lilly +writes,-- + + "Liberty being given me to speak, I related what follows: viz., + That the next Sunday but one after Charles I. was beheaded, + Robert Spavin Secretary to Lieutenant-General Cromwell at that + time, invited himself to dine with me, and brought Anthony + Pearson and several others along with him to dinner. That their + principal discourse all dinner time was only who it was that + beheaded the king. One said it was the common hangman; another, + Hugh Peters; others were also nominated, but none concluded. + Robert Spavin, so soon as dinner was done, took me by the hand, + and carried me to the south window. Saith he, 'These are all + mistaken; they have not named the man that did the fact: it was + Lieutenant-Colonel Joice. I was in the room when he fitted + himself for the work; stood behind him when he did it; when + done, went in with him again: there is no man knows this but my + master, viz. Cromwell, Commissary Ireton, and myself.'--'Doth + Mr. Rushworth know it?' saith I. 'No, he doth not know it,' + saith Spavin. The same thing Spavin since has often related to + me, when we were alone." + +R.W.E. +Cheltenham. + + +_Paper Hangings_ (Vol. ii., p. 134.).--"It was on the walls of this +drawing-room (the king's at Kensington Palace) that the then new art of +paper-hangings, in imitation of the old velvet flock, was displayed with +an effect that soon led to the adoption of so cheap and elegant a +manufacture, in preference to the original rich material from which it +was copied."--W.H. Pyne's _Royal Residences_, vol. ii. p. 75. + +M.W. + + +_Black-guard._--There are frequent entries among those of deaths of +persons attached to the Palace of Whitehall, in the registers of St. +Margaret's, Westminster, of "----, one of the blake garde." about the +year 1566, and later. In the Churchwarden's Accompts we find-- + + "1532. Pd. for licence of 4 torchis for Black Garde, vj. d." + +The royal Halberdiers carried black bills. (Grose, _Milit. Antiq._, vol. +i. p. 124.) In 1584 they behaved {269} with great cruelty in Ireland. +(Cornp. Peck's _Des. Curios._, vol. i. p. 155.) So Stainhurst, in his +_Description_, says of bad men: "They are taken for no better than +rakehells, or the devil's blacke guarde."--Chap. 8. Perhaps, in +distinction to the gaily dressed military guard, the menial attendants +in a royal progress were called black-guards from their dull appearance. + +I remember a story current in Dublin, of a wicked wag telling a highly +respectable old lady, who was asking, where were the quarters of the +guards, in which corps her son was a private, to inquire at the lodge of +Trinity College if he was not within those learned walls, as the "black +guards were lying there." + +M.W. + + +_Pilgrims' Road_ (Vol. ii., p. 237.).--Your correspondent S.H., in +noticing the old track "skirting the base of the chalk hills," and known +by the name of the "Pilgrims' Road," has omitted to state that its +commencement is at Oxford,--a fact of importance, inasmuch as that the +Archbishops of Canterbury had there a handsome palace (the ruins of +which still exist), which is said to have been the favourite residence +of Thomas Becket. The tradition in the county thereupon is, that his +memory was held in such sanctity in that neighbourhood as to cause a +vast influx of pilgrims annually from thence to his shrine at +Canterbury; and the line of road taken by them can still be traced, +though only portions of it are now used as a highway. The direction, +however, in which it runs makes it clear (as S.H., no doubt, is aware) +that it cannot be Chaucer's road. + +While on the subject of old roads, I may add that a tradition here +exists that the direct road between London and Tunbridge did not pass +through Sevenoaks; and a narrow lane which crosses the Pilgrims' road +near Everham is pointed out as the former highway, and by which Evelyn +must have been journeying (passing close, indeed, to the seat of his +present descendant at St. Clere) when he met with that amusing +robber-adventure at Procession Oak. + +M(2). + + +_Pilgrims' Road to Canterbury._--In the _Athenum_ of Nov. 2nd, 1844, +there is a notice of _Remarks upon Wayside Chapels; with Observations on +the Architecture and present State of the Chantry on Wakefield Bridge_: +By John Chessell and Charles Buckler--in which the reviewer says-- + + "In our pedestrianism we have traced the now desolate ruins of + several of these chapels along the old pilgrims' road to + Canterbury." + +If this writer would give us the results of his pedestrianism, it would +be acceptable to _all_ the lovers of Chaucer. I do not know whether +PHILO-CHAUCER will find anything to his purpose in the pamphlet +reviewed. + +E.S. JACKSON. + + +_Combs buried with the Dead._--In Vol. ii., p. 230., the excellent vicar +of Morwenstow asks the reason why combs are found in the graves of St. +Cuthbert and others, monks, in the cathedral church of Durham. I imagine +that they were the combs used at the first tonsure of the novices, to +them a most interesting memorial of that solemn rite through life, and +from touching affection to the brotherhood among whom they had dwelt, +buried with them at their death. + +M.W. + + +_The Comb_, concerning "the origin and intent" of which MR. HAWKER (Vol. +ii., p. 230.) seeks information, was for ritual use; and its purposes +are fully described in Dr. Rock's _Church of our Fathers_, t. ii. p. +122., &c. + +LITURGICUS. + + +_Arostation._--C.B.M. will find in the _Athenum_ for August 10th, +1850, a notice of a book on this subject. + +E.S. JACKSON. + + +_St. Thomas of Lancaster_ (Vol. i., p. 181.).--MR. R.M. MILNES desires +information relative to "St. Thomas of Lancaster." This personage was +Earl of Leicester as well as Earl of Lancaster; and I find in the +archives of this borough numerous entries relative to him,--of payments +made to him by the burgesses. Of these mention is made in a _History of +Leicester_ recently published. The most curious fact I know of is, that +on the dissolution of the monasteries here, several relics of St. +Thomas, among others, his felt hat, was exhibited. The hat was +considered a great remedy for the headache! + +JAYTEE. + + +_Smoke Money_ (Vol. ii., p. 120.).--"Anciently, even in England, were +Whitsun farthings, or smoke farthings, which were a composition for +offerings made in Whitsun week, by every man who occupied a house with a +chimney, to the cathedral of the diocese in which he lived."--Audley's +_Companion to the Almanac_, p. 76. + +Pentecostals, or Whitsun Farthings, are mentioned by Pegge as being paid +in 1788 by the parishioners of the diocese of Lichfield, in aid of the +repairs of the cathedral, to the dean and chapter; but he makes no +allusion to the word _smoke_, adding only that in this case the payment +went by the name of Chad-pennies, or Chad-farthings, the cathedral there +being dedicated to St. Chad. + +C.I.R. + + +_Robert Herrick_ (Vol. i., p. 291.).--MR. MILNER BARRY states that he +found an entry of the burial of the poet Herrick in the parish books of +Dean Prior. As MR. BARRY seems interested in the poet, I would inform +him that a voluminous collection of family letters of early date is now +in the possession of William Herrick, Esq., of Beaumanor Park, the +present representative of that ancient and honourable house. + +JAYTEE. + + +_Guildhalls._--The question in Vol. i., p. 320., relative to guildhalls, +provokes an inquiry into {270} guilds. In the erudite and instructive +work of Wilda on the _Guild System of the Middle Ages (Gildenwesen im +Mittellter)_ will be found to be stated that guilds were associations +of various kinds,--convivial, religions, and mercantile, and so on; and +that places of assembly were adopted by them. A guild-house where eating +and drinking took place, was to be met with in most villages in early +times: and these, I fancy, were the guild-halls. On this head consult +Hone's _Every-day Book_, vol. ii. p. 670., and elsewhere, in connexion +with Whitsuntide holidays. + +JAYTEE. + + +_Abb Strickland_ (Vol. ii., pp. 198. 237.).--The fullest account of the +Abb Strickland, _Bishop of Namur_, is to be found in Lord Hervey's +_Memoirs_ (Vol. i., p. 391.), and a most curious account it is of that +profligate intriguer. + +C. + + +_Long Lonkin_ (Vol. ii., pp. 168. 251.).--This ballad does not relate to +Cumberland, but to Northumberland. This error was committed by Miss +Landon (in the _Drawing-room Scrap-book_ for 1835), to whom a lady of +this town communicated the fragment through the medium of a friend. Its +real locality is a ruined tower, seated on the corner of an extensive +earth-work surrounded by a moat, on the western side of Whittle Dean, +near Ovingham. Since this period, I have myself taken down many +additional verses from the recitation of the adjacent villagers, and +will be happy to afford any further information to your inquirer, +SELEUCUS. + +G. BOUCHIER RICHARDSON. +Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Sept. 7. 1850. + + +_Havock_ (Vol. ii., p. 215.).--The presumed object of literary men being +the investigation of truth, your correspondent JARLTZBERG will, I trust, +pardon me for suggesting that his illustration of the word _havock_ is +incomplete, and especially with reference to the line of Shakspeare +which he has quoted: + + "Cry havock! and let slip the dogs of war." + +Grose, in his _History of English Armour_, vol. ii. p. 62., says that +_havok_ was the word given as a signal for the troops to disperse and +pillage, as may be learned from the following article in the _Droits of +the Marshal_, vol. ii. p. 229., wherein it is declared, that-- + + "In the article of plunder, all the sheep and hogs belong to + such private soldiers as can take them; and that on the word + havok being cried, every one might seize his part; but this + probably was only a small part of the licence supposed to be + given by the word." + +He also refers to the ordinance of Richard II. + +In agreeing with your correspondent that the use of this word was the +signal for general massacre, unlimited slaughter, and giving no quarter, +as well as taking plunder in the manner described above, the omission of +which I have to complain is, that, in stating no one was to raise the +cry, under penalty of losing his head, he did not add the words, "the +king excepted." It was a royal act; and Shakspeare so understood it to +be; as will appear from the passage referred to, if fully and fairly +quoted:-- + + "And Csar's spirit, ranging for revenge, + With At by his side, come hot from hell, + Shall in these confines, _with a monarch's voice_, + Cry Havock! and let slip the dogs of war." + _Julius Csar_ Act iii. + +It is not at this moment in my power to assist F.W. with the reference +to the history of Bishop Berkeley's giant, though it exists somewhere in +print. The subject of the experiment was a healthy boy, who died in the +end, in consequence of over-growth, promoted (as far as my recollection +serves me) principally by a peculiar diet. + +W(1). + + +_Becket's Mother._--I do not pretend to explain the facts mentioned by +MR. FOSS (Vol. ii., p. 106.), that the hospital founded in honour of +Becket was called "The Hospital of St. Thomas the Martyr, _of Acon_;" +and that he was himself styled "St. Thomas _Acrenis_, or _of Acre_;" but +I believe that the true explanation must be one which would not be a +hindrance to the rejection of the common story as to the Archbishop's +birth. _If_ these titles were intended to connect the Saint with Acre in +Syria, they may have originated after the legend had become popular. But +it seems to me more likely, that, like some other city churches and +chapels, that of St. Thomas got its designation from something quite +unconnected with the history of the patron. In particular, I would ask +what is the meaning of "St. Nicolas _Acons_?" And may not the same +explanation (whatever it be) serve for "St. Thomas _of Acon_?" Or the +hospital may have been built on some noted "acre" (like _Long Acre_ and +_Pedlars Acre_); and if afterwards churches in other places were +consecrated to St. Thomas under the designation "_of Acre_," (as to +which point I have no information), the churches of "our Lady _of +Loretto_," scattered over various countries, will supply a parallel. As +to the inference which Mr. Nichols (_Pilgrimages_, p. 120.) draws from +the name _Acrensis_, that Becket was _born at_ Acre, I must observe that +it introduces a theory which is altogether new, and not only opposed to +the opinion that the Archbishop was of English or Norman descent on both +sides, but _essentially_ contradictory of the legend as to the fair +Saracen who came from the East in search of her lover. + +J.C.R. + + +_Watching the Sepulchre_ (Vol. i., pp. 318. 354. 403.).--In the parish +books of Leicester various entries respecting the Sepulchre occur. In +the year 1546, when a sale took place of the furniture of St. Martin's +Church, the "Sepulchre light" was {271} sold to Richard Rainford for +21s. 10d. In the reign of Queen Mary gatherings were made for the +"Sepulchre lights;" timber for making the lights cost 5s.; the light +itself, 4s.; and painting the Sepulchre, and a cloth for "our lady's +altar," cost 1s. 10d. Facts like these might be multiplied. + +JAYTEE. + + +_Portraits of Charles I. in Churches_ (Vol. i., pp. 137. 184.).--In +reference to this I have to state, that in the south aisle of the church +of St. Martin, in Leicester, a painting of this kind is yet to be seen, +or was lately. It was executed by a Mr. Rowley, for 10l., in the year +1686. It represents the monarch in a kneeling attitude. + +JAYTEE. + + +_Joachim, the French Ambassador_ (Vol. ii., p. 229.).--In Rapin's +_History of England_ I find this ambassador described as "Jean-Joachim +de Passau, Lord of Vaux." This may assist AMICUS. + +J.B.C. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +The Rev. Mackenzie Walcott, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford, whose +pleasant gossiping _Memorials of Westminster_, and _History of St. +Margaret's Church_, are no doubt familiar to many of our readers, is, as +an old Wykehamist, collecting information for a "History of Commoners +and the Two S. Marie Winton Colleges;" and will feel obliged by lists of +illustrious alumni, and any notes, archological and historical, about +that noble school, which will be duly acknowledged. + +The _Cambrian Archological Association_, which was established in 1846 +for the purpose of promoting the study and preservation of the +antiquities of Wales and the Marches, held its fourth anniversary +meeting in the ancient and picturesque town of Dolgelly, during the week +commencing the 26th ultimo. The Association is endeavouring to extend +its usefulness by enlarging the number of its members; and as its +subscribing members receive in return for their yearly pound, not only +the Society's Journal, the _Archologia Cambrensis_ but also the annual +volume of valuable archological matter published by the Association, we +cannot doubt but their exertions will meet the sympathy and patronage of +all who take an interest in the national and historical remains of the +principality. + +The preceding paragraph was scarcely finished when we received proof of +the utility of the Association in Mr. Freeman's volume, entitled +_Remarks on the Architecture of Llandaff Cathedral, with an Essay +towards a History of the Fabric_--a volume which, as we learn from the +preface, had its origin in the observations on some of the more singular +peculiarities of the fabric made by the author at the Cardiff meeting of +the Association in 1849. These remarks were further developed in a paper +in the _Archologia Cambrensis_; and have now been expanded into the +present descriptive and historical account of a building which, to use +Mr. Freeman's words, "in many respects, both of its history and +architecture, stands quite alone among English churches." Mr. Freeman's +ability to do justice to such a subject is well known: and his work will +therefore assuredly find a welcome from the numerous body of students of +church architecture now to be found in this country; and to their +judgments we leave it. + +_Notes on Bishop Jeremy Taylor's Works._ A reprint being called for of +vol. vi. of the present edition of Bishop Taylor's works, the Editor +will be glad of any assistance towards verifying the references which +have been omitted. The volume is to go to press early in October. + +Messrs. Puttick and Simpson will commence on Monday next a six days' +sale of valuable books in all classes of literature; oriental, and other +manuscripts; autograph letters; engravings, miniatures, paintings, &c. + +Messrs. Southgate and Barrett will sell on Tuesday next some fine +portraits and engravings; together with a very interesting and extensive +collection of nearly 200 original proclamations (extending from 1631 to +1695), two books printed by Pynson, unknown to bibliographers (viz. +_Aphthonii Sophist Prxercitamenta_ and _Ciceronis Orationes +Philippic_ and a few valuable MSS). + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +ESSAYS, SCRIPTURAL, MORAL, AND LOGICAL, by W. and T. Ludlam. 2 vols. +8vo. London, 1807. + +ELDERFIELD (C.), DISQUISITIONS ON REGENERATION, BAPTISM, &c., 4to. +London, 1653. + +DODWELL (HENRY, M.A.), DISCOURSE PROVING FROM SCRIPTURES THAT THE SOUL +IS A PRINCIPLE NATURALLY MORTAL, &c. + +THE TALE OF A TUB REVERSED, for the universal Improvement of Mankind, +with a character of the Author. + +REFLECTIONS ON MR. BURCHET'S MEMOIRS, or, Remarks on his Account of +Captain Wilmot's Expedition to the West Indies, by Col. Luke +Lillingston. 1704. [Two copies wanted.] + +SEVEN CHAMPIONS OF CHRISTENDUM. [Any Edition before 1700.] + +CHAUCER'S CANTERBURY TALES AND OTHER POEMS, 2 vols. 12mo. [Cumberland's +Edition.] + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Notices to Correspondents. + +VOLUME THE FIRST OF NOTES AND QUERIES, _with Title-page and very copious +Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and may be had, by +order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured by the Trade at noon on Friday: so +that our country Subscribers ought to experience no difficulty in +receiving it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers are probably not +yet aware of this arrangement, which enables them to receive Copies in +their Saturday parcels._ + +W.A. _will find an article on_ "The Owl was once a Baker's Daughter," +_quoted by Shakspeare, in one of_ MR. THOMS' _Papers on the_ FOLK LORE +OF SHAKSPEARE, _published in the_ Athenum October and November 1847. + + * * * * * {272} + +JUNIUS IDENTIFIED. + +In One Volume 8vo., price 6s., bds., (published in 1818 at 14s.). JUNIUS +IDENTIFIED with SIR PHILIP FRANCIS. By JOHN TAYLOR. Second Edition, with +the Appendix, containing the Plates of Handwriting. + +London: TAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, 28. Upper Gower-street; and 27. Ivy +Lane, Paternoster Row. + + * * * * * + +AMERICA AND IRELAND.--MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, Number XI. for 1850, +contains many curious and interesting books on the above Countries with +the usual valuable Miscellanies in all departments, Published this day, +GRATIS. + +The following Books may also be had of him:-- + +BALLAD ROMANCES, by R. H. HORNE, Esq., author of "Orion." +&c.--Containing the Noble Heart, a Bohemian Legend--The Monk of +Swinstead Abbey, a Ballad Chronicle of the Death of King John--The Three +Knights of Camelott, a Fairy Tale--The Ballad of Delora, or the Passion +of Andrea Como--Red Gelert, a Welsh Legend--Ben Capstan, A Ballad of the +Night Watch--The Elf of the Woodlands, a Child's Story, fcap. 8vo, +elegantly printed and bound in cloth, 248 pages, only 2s. 6d. + +CRITICISMS AND ESSAYS On the Writings of Atherstone, Blair, Bowles, Sir +E. Brydges, Carlyle, Carrington, Coleridge, Cowper, Croly, Gillfillian, +Graham, Hazlitt, Heber, Heraud, Harvey, Irving, Keats, Miller, Pollock, +Tighe, Wordsworth, and other Modern Writers, by the Rev. J.W. LESTER, +B.A., royal 8vo., 100 pages of closely printed letterpress, originally +published at 5s., reduced to 1s. 3d. 1848. + +"We give our cordial subscription to the general scope and tenor of his +views, which are in the main promulgated with a perspicuity and +eloquence not always found in the same individual."--_Church of England +Quarterly Review._ + +"Mr. Lester's volume is one of superior merit, and deserves a high rank +among works of its class."--_Tail's Edinburgh Review._ + +"He is the pioneer of the beautiful."--_Manchester Examiner._ + +FALLACY OF GHOSTS, DREAMS, AND OMENS, with Stories of Witchcraft, Life +in Death, and Monomania, by CHARLES OLLIER, 12mo., cloth. gilt, with +Illustrations by G. Measom, 250 pages of amusing letterpress, only 2s. + +JOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos-street, Trafalgar-square. + + * * * * * + +Old Engravings, early Printed Books, Manuscripts, &c. + +SOUTHGATE and BARRETT will SELL by AUCTION, at their Rooms, 22. +Fleet-street, on Tuesday, September 24, at 12. PORTRAITS and ENGRAVlNGS. +incliding many proofs, a very interesting and extensive collection of +original proclamations, two books printed by Pynson unknown to +bibliographers: also a few very valuable Manuscripts relating to the +counties of Stafford, Salon, Leicester, Wilts, &c., ancient statutes +upon vellum. heraldic MSS., &c. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, 8vo., price 8s., with numerous Illustrations by Messrs. +O. Jerrit and H. Shaw, + +REMARKS ON THE ARCHITECTURE OF LLANDAFF CATHEDRAL; with an Essay towards +a History of the Fabric. By EDWARD A. FREEMAN, M.A., late Fellow of +Trinity College, Oxford; author of the "History of Architecture." + +London: W. PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. Tenby: R. MASON. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, price 5s., in post 8vo., cloth lettered; if sent by +Post. 6s. + +THE POPE; Considered in his RELATIONS WITH THE CHURCH, TEMPORAL +SOVEREIGNTIES, SEPARATED CHURCHES, and the CAUSE OF CIVILISATION. By +COUNT JOSEPH DE MAISTRE. Translated by the Rev. AENEAS MC D. DAWSON. +Embellished with a Portrait of His Holiness Pope Pius IX. + +London: C. DOLMAN, 61. New Bond-street; and 48A. Paternoster Row. + + * * * * * + +THE PARLOUR LIBRARY, One Shilling each Volume. + +The Publishers beg to state that all G.P.R. JAMES's works lately out of +print are again reprinted, and may be had of every bookseller and at all +the railway stations. Works by the following popular authors have also +been published in the "Parlour Library:"-- + +A. Lamartine +G.P.R. James +Washington Irving +Miss Mitford +Author of "Emilia Wyndham" +Miss Austen +William Carleton +Gerald Griffin +Mary Howitt +T.C. Grattan +Mrs. S.C. Hall +Rodolph Toppfer +Leitch Ritchie +The O'Hara Family +W. Meinhold +Alex. Dumas + +SIMMS and M'INTYRE, 13. Paternoster Row, London, and Belfast. Sold at +all the Railway Stations. + + * * * * * + +Published by GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet-street. + +Now ready, 1 vol. 8vo., with etched Frontispiece, by Wehnert, and Eight +Engravings, price 15s. + +SABRINAE COROLLA: a Volume Of Classical Translations with original +Compositions contributed by Gentlemen educated at Shrewsbury School. + +Among the Contributors are the Head Masters of Shrewsbury. Stanford, +Repton, Birmingham, and Uppingham Schools; Andrew Lawson, Esq., late +M.P; the Rev. R. Shilleto, Cambridge; the Rev. T.S. Evans, Rugby; J. +Riddell, Esq., Fellow of Baliol College, Oxford; the Rev. E.M. Cope, +H.J. Hodgson, Esq., H.A.J. Munro, Esq., W.G. Clark, Esq., Fellows of +Trinity College, Cambridge, and many other distinguished Scholars from +both Universities. + +The Work is edited by three of the principal Contributors. + +"Highly creditable to the Scholarship of Shrewsbury, and indeed of +England, and we wish it heartily success."--_Guardian._ + +RULES FOR OVIDIAN VERSE, with some Hints on the Transition to the +Virgilian Hexameter, and an Introductory Preface. Edited by JAMES TATE, +A.M., Master of the Grammar School, Richmond. 8vo. sewed, 1s. 6d. + +FIRST STEPS TO LATIN VERSIFICATION, being an Analysis of the Scansion +and Structure of the Ovidian Verse. Price 6d. on sheet; folded in cloth, +1s. + +Just Published, fcp. 8vo., price 4s. 6d., cloth, + +CICERONIS CATO MAJOR, sive de Senectute, Laelius, site de Amicitia. et +Epistol Select; with English Notes and an Index. By GEORGE LONG. Being +a second volume of the Grammar School Classics. + +"Mr. George Long has edited the De Senectute, and De Amicitia, together +with some of the Epistles of Cicero, and has contributed a very clever +preface upon the best way of teaching foreign, and especially classical, +languages. Mr. Long's ability and reputation render any writing of his +important, and his name is a pledge for the accuracy and value of the +edition."--_Guardian._ + +Also, a new edition, price 5s., + +XENOPHON'S ANABASIS, with English Notes and Three Maps. By the Rev. J.F. +MACMICHAEL, Master of the Grammar School, Burton-on-Trent. Being the +first volume of Grammar School Classics. + +"We can confidently recommend this as the best school edition, and we +feel certain that it will satisfy every reasonable demand that can be +made."--_Classical Museum._ + +12mo., cloth, 2s. 6d. + +SELECTIONS FROM OVID; AMORES, TRISTIA, HEROIDES, METAMORPHOSES: with +prefatory remarks. This Selection is intended to afford an introduction, +at once easy and unobjectionable, to a knowledge of the Latin Language, +after a boy has become well acquainted with the declensions of nouns and +pronouns, and the ordinary forms of verbs. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, September 21. 1850. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 47, Saturday, +September 21, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 47, *** + +***** This file should be named 13936-8.txt or 13936-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.net/1/3/9/3/13936/ + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team, and The Internet Library of Early Journals + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.net/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.net), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.net + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/old/old/13936.txt b/old/old/13936.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..630e6b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/old/13936.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2387 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 47, Saturday, +September 21, 1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net + + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 47, Saturday, September 21, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: November 3, 2004 [EBook #13936] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 47, *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team, and The Internet Library of Early Journals + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 47.] +SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1850 +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + + * * * * * {257} + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- + Old Songs. 257 + "Junius Identified." by J. Taylor. 258 + Folk Lore:--Spiders a Cure for Ague--Funeral Superstition--Folk + Lore Rhymes. 259 + On a Passage in the Tempest, by S.W. Singer. 259 + Punishment of Death of Burning. 260 + Note on Morganatic Marriages. 261 + Minor Notes:--Alderman Beckford--Frozen Horn--Inscription + translated--Parallel Passages--Note on George Herbert's Poems--"Crede + quod habes"--Grant to Earl of Sussex--First Woman formed from a + Rib--Beau Brummell's Ancestry. 262 + +QUERIES:-- + Gray's Elegy and Dodsley's Poems. 264 + Hugh Holland and his Works, by E.F. Rimbault, L.L.D. 265 + Harvey and the Circulation of the Blood. 266 + Minor Queries:--Bernardus Patricius--Meaning of + Hanger--Cat and Bagpipes--Andrew Becket--Laurence + Minot--Modena Family--Bamboozle--Butcher's + Blue Dress--Hatchment and Atchievement--"Te + colui Virtutem"--"Illa suavissima Vita"--Christianity, + Early Influence of--Meaning of Wraxen--Saint, + Legend of a--Land Holland--Farewell--Stepony + Ale--"Regis ad Exemplar"--La Caronacquerie--Rev. + T. Tailer--Mistletoe as a Christmas + Evergreen--Poor Robin's Almanacks--Sirloin--Thompson + of Esholt. 266 + +REPLIES:-- + Replies to Minor Queries:--Pension--Execution of + Charles I.--Paper Hangings--Black-guard--Pilgrims' + Road--Combs buried with the Dead--Aerostation--St. + Thomas of Lancaster--Smoke Money--Robert Herrich--Guildhalls--Abbe + Strickland--Long Conkin--Havock--Becket's Mother--Watching + the Sepulchre--Portraits of Charles I.--Joachim, + the French Ambassador. 269 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 271 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 271 + Notices to Correspondents. 271 + Advertisements. 272 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +OLD SONGS. + +I heard, "in other days," a father singing a comic old song to one of +his children, who was sitting on his knee. This was in Yorkshire: and +yet it could hardly be a Yorkshire song, as the scene was laid in +another county. It commenced with-- + + "Randle O'Shay has sold his mare + For nineteen groats at Warrin'ton fair," + +and goes on to show how the simpleton was cheated out of his money. + +I find in Hasted's _History of Kent_ (vol. i. p. 468., 2nd edit.) +mention made of the family of Shaw, who held the manor of Eltham, &c., +and who "derive themselves from the county palatine of Chester." It is +further stated that _Randal de Shaw_, his son, was settled at Haslington +Hall in that county. + +All, indeed, that this proves is, the probability of the hero of the +song being also a native of Cheshire, or one of the adjacent counties; +and that the legend is a truth, even as to names as well as general +facts. The song is worthy of recovery and preservation, as a remnant of +English character and manners; and I have only referred to Hasted to +point out the probable district in which it will be found. + +There are many other characteristics of the manners of the humbler +classes to be found in songs that had great local popularity within the +period of living memory; for instance, the _Wednesbury Cocking_ amongst +the colliers of Staffordshire and _Rotherham Status_ amongst the cutlers +of Sheffield. Their language, it is true, is not always very +delicate--perhaps was not even at the time these songs were +composed,--as they picture rather the exuberant freaks of a +half-civilised people than the better phases of their character. Yet +even these form "part and parcel" of the history of "the true-born +Englishman." + +One song more may be noticed here:--the rigmarole, snatches of which +probably most of us have heard, which contains an immense number of mere +truisms having no connexion with each others, and no bond of union but +the metrical form in which their juxtaposition is effected, and the +rhyme, which is kept up very well throughout, though sometimes by the +introduction of a nonsense line. Who does not remember-- + + "A yard of pudding's not an ell," + +or + + "Not forgetting _dytherum di_, + A tailor's goose can never fly," + +and other like parts? + +It is just such a piece of burlesque as Swift might have written: but +many circumstances lead me to think it must be much older. Has it ever +been printed? {258} + +There is another old (indeed an evidently very ancient) song, which I do +not remember to have seen in print, or even referred to in print. None +of the books into which I have looked, from deeming them likely to +contain it, make the least reference to this song. I have heard it in +one of the midland counties, and in one of the western, both many years +ago; but I have not heard it in London or any of the metropolitan +districts. The song begins thus:-- + + "London Bridge is broken down, + Dance over my Lady Lea: + London Bridge is broken down, + With a gay ladee." + +This must surely refer to some event preserved in history,--may indeed +be well known to well-read antiquaries, though so totally unknown to men +whose general pursuits (like my own) have lain in other directions. The +present, however, is an age for "popularising" knowledge; and your work +has assumed that task as one of its functions. + +The difficulties attending such inquiries as arise out of matters so +trivial as an old ballad, are curiously illustrated by the answers +already printed respecting the "wooing frog." In the first place, it was +attributed to times within living memory; then shown to exceed that +period, and supposed to be very old,--even as old as the Commonwealth, +or, perhaps, as the Reformation. This is objected to, from "the style +and wording of the song being evidently of a much later period than the +age of Henry VIII.;" and Buckingham's "mad" scheme of taking Charles +into Spain to woo the infanta is substituted. This is enforced by the +"burden of the song;" whilst another correspondent considers this +"chorus" to be an old one, analogous to "Down derry down:"--that is, M. +denies the force of MR. MAHONY's explanation altogether! + +(Why MR. MAHONY calls a person in his "sixth decade" a "sexagenarian" he +best knows. Such is certainly not the ordinary meaning of the term he +uses. His pun is good, however.) + +Then comes the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT, with a very decisive proof that +neither in the time of James I., nor of the Commonwealth, could it have +originated. His transcript from Mr. Collier's _Extracts_ carries it +undeniably back to the middle of the reign of Elizabeth. Of course, it +is interesting to find intermediate versions or variations of the +ballad, and even the adaptation of its framework to other ballads of +recent times, such as "Heigho! says Kemble,"--one of the Drury Lane +"O.P. Row" ballads (_Rejected Addresses_, last ed., or Cunningham's +_London_). Why the conjecture respecting Henry VIII. is so +contemptuously thrown aside as a "fancy," I do not see. A _fancy_ is a +dogma taken up without proof, and in the teeth of obvious +probability,--tenaciously adhered to, and all investigation eschewed. +This at least is the ordinary signification of the term, in relation to +the search after truth. How far my own conjecture, or the mode of +putting it, fulfills these conditions, it is not necessary for me to +discuss: but I hope the usefulness and interest of the "NOTES AND +QUERIES" will not be marred by any discourtesy of one correspondent +towards another. + +At the same time, the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT has done the most essential +service to this inquiry by his extract from Mr. Collier, as the question +is thereby inclosed within exceedingly narrow limits. But if the ballad +do not refer to Henry VIII., to whom can it be referred with greater +probability? It is too much to assume that all the poetry, wit, and +talent of the Tudor times were confined to the partizans of the Tudor +cause, religious or political. We _know_, indeed, the contrary. But for +his communication, too, the singular coincidence of two such +characteristic words of the song in the "Poley Frog" (in the same number +of the "NOTES AND QUERIES") might have given rise to another conjecture: +but the _date_ excludes its further consideration. + +I may add, that since this has been mooted, an Irish gentleman has told +me that the song was familiar enough in Dublin; and he repeated some +stanzas of it, which were considerably different from the version of +W.A.G., and the chorus the same as in the common English version. I hope +presently to receive a complete copy of it: which, by the bye, like +everything grotesquely humorous in Ireland, was attributed to the author +of _Gulliver's Travels_. + +T.S.D. + + * * * * * + +"JUNIUS IDENTIFIED." + +It is fortunate for my reputation that I am still living to vindicate my +title to the authorship of my own book, which seems otherwise in danger +of being taken from me. + +I can assure your correspondent R.J. (Vol. ii., p. 103.) that I was not +only "literally _the writer_," (as he kindly suggests, with a view of +saving my credit for having put my name to the book), but in its fullest +sense _the author of "Junius Identified"_; and that I never received the +slightest assistance from Mr. Dubois, or any other person, either in +collecting or arranging the evidence, or in the composition and +correction of the work. After I had completed my undertaking, I wrote to +Mr. Dubois to ask if he would allow me to see the handwriting of Sir +Philip Francis, that I might {259} compare it with the published +fac-similes of the handwriting of Junius; but he refused my request. His +letter alone disproved the notion entertained by R.J. and others, that +Mr. Dubois was in any degree connected with me, or with the authorship +of the work in question. + +With regard to the testimony of Lord Campbell, I wrote to his lordship +in February, 1848, requesting his acceptance of a copy of _Junius +Identified_, which I thought he might not have seen; and having called +his attention to my name at the end of the preface, I begged he would, +when opportunity offered, correct his error in having attributed the +work to Mr. Dubois. I was satisfied with his lordship's reply, which was +to the effect that he was ashamed of his mistake, and would take care to +correct it. No new edition of that series of the _Lives of the +Chancellors_, which contains the "Life of Lord Loughborough," has since +been published. The present edition is dated 1847. + +R.J. says further, that "the late Mr. George Woodfall always spoke of +the _pamphlet_ as the work of Dubois;" and that Sir Fortunatus Dwarris +states, "the _pamphlet_ is said, I know not with what truth, to have +been prepared under the eye of Sir Philip Francis, it may be through the +agency of Dubois." If _Junius Identified_ be alluded to in these +observations as a _pamphlet_, it would make me doubt whether R.J., or +either of his authorities, ever saw the book. It is an 8vo. vol. The +first edition, containing 380 pages, was published in 1816, at 12s. The +second edition, which included the supplement, exceeded 400 pages, and +was published in 1818, at 14s. The supplement, which contains the plates +of handwriting, was sold separately at 3s. 6d., to complete the first +edition, but this could not have been the pamphlet alluded to in the +preceding extracts. I suspect that when the work is spoken of as a +pamphlet, and this if often done, the parties thus describing it have +known it only through the medium of the critique in the _Edinburgh +Review_. + +Mr. Dubois was the author of the biography of Sir Philip Francis, first +printed in the _Monthly Mirror_ for May and June, 1810, and reprinted in +_Junius Identified_, with acknowledgment of the source from which it was +taken. To this biography the remarks of Sir Fortunatus Dwarris are +strictly applicable, except that it never appeared in the form of a +pamphlet. + +JOHN TAYLOR. + +30. Upper Gower Street, Sept. 7. 1850. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Spiders a Cure for Ague_ (Vol. ii., p. 130.).--Seeing a note on this +subject reminds me that a few years since, a lady in the south of +Ireland was celebrated far and near, amongst her poorer neighbours, for +the cure of this disorder. Her universal remedy was a large house-spider +alive, and enveloped in treacle or preserve. Of course the parties were +carefully kept in ignorance of what the wonderful remedy was. + +Whilst I am on the subject of cures, I may as well state that in parts +of the co. Carlow, the blood drawn from a black cat's ear, and rubbed +upon the part affected, is esteemed a certain cure for St. Anthony's +fire. + +JUNIOR. + + +_Funeral Superstition._--A few days ago the body of a gentleman in this +neighbourhood was conveyed to the hearse, and while being placed in it, +the door of the house, whether from design or inadvertence I know not, +was closed before the friends came out to take their places in the +coaches. An old lady, who was watching the proceedings, immediately +exclaimed, "God bless me! they have closed the door upon the corpse: +there will be another death in that house before many days are over." +She was fully impressed with this belief, and unhappily this impression +has been confirmed. The funeral was on Saturday, and on the Monday +morning following a young man, resident in the house, was found dead in +bed, having died under the influence of chloroform, which he had +inhaled, self-administered, to relieve the pain of toothache or +tic-douloureux. + +Perhaps the superstition may have come before you already; but not +having met with it myself, I thought it might be equally new to others. + +H.J. + +Sheffield. + + * * * * * + +_Folk Lore Rhymes._-- + + "Find odd-leafed ash, and even-leafed clover, + And you'll see your true love before the day's over." + +If you wish to see your lover, throw salt on the fire every morning for +nine days, and say-- + + "It is not salt I mean to burn, + But my true lover's heart I mean to turn; + Wishing him neither joy nor sleep, + Till he come back to me and speak." + + "If you marry in Lent, + You will live to repent." + +WEDSECNARF. + + * * * * * + +EMENDATION OF A PASSAGE IN THE "TEMPEST." + +Premising that I should approach the text of our great poet with an +almost equal degree of awful reverence with that which characterises his +two latest editors, I must confess that I should not have the same +respect for evident errors of the printers of the early editions, which +they have occasionally shown. In the following passage in the _Tempest_, +Act i., Scene 1., this forbearance has not, however, been the cause of +the very unsatisfactory state in which they have both left it. I {260} +must be indulged in citing at length, that the context may the more +clearly show what was really the poet's meaning:-- + + "Enter FERDINAND _bearing a Log_. + + "_Fer._ There be some sports are painful; and their labour + Delight in them sets off; some kinds of baseness + Are nobly undergone; and most poor matters + Point to rich ends. This my mean task + Would be as heavy to me, as odious; but + The mistress, which I serve, quickens what's dead, + And makes my labours pleasures: O! she is + Ten times more gentle than her father's crabbed; + And he's composed of harshness. I must remove + Some thousands of these logs, and pile them up, + Upon a sore injunction: My sweet mistress + Weeps when she sees me work; and says such business + Had never like executor. I forget: + But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours; + Most busy lest when I do it." + +Mr. Collier reads these last two lines thus-- + + "But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours; + Most busy, least when I do it." + +with the following note-- + + "The meaning of this passage seems to have been misunderstood by + all the commentators. Ferdinand says that the thoughts of + Miranda so refresh his labours, that when he is most busy he + seems to feel his toil _least_. It is printed in the folio + 1623,-- + + 'Most busy _lest_ when I do it,' + + --a trifling error of the press corrected in the folio 1632, + although Theobald tells us that both the oldest editions read + _lest_. Not catching the poet's meaning, he printed,-- + + 'Most busy-_less_ when I do it,' + + and his supposed emendation has ever since been taken as the + text; even Capell adopted it. I am happy in having Mr. Amyot's + concurrence in this restoration." + +Mr. Knight adopts Theobald's reading, and Mr. Dyce approves it in the +following words:-- + + "When Theobald made the emendation, 'Most busy-_less_,' he + observed that 'the corruption was so very little removed from + the truth of the text, that he could not afford to think well of + his own sagacity for having discovered it.' The correction is, + indeed, so obvious that we may well wonder that it had escaped + his predecessors; but we must wonder ten times more that one of + his successors, in a blind reverence for the old copy, should + re-vitiate the text, and defend a corruption which outrages + language, taste, and common sense." + +Although at an earlier period of life I too adopted Theobald's supposed +emendation, it never satisfied me. I have my doubts whether the word +_busyless_ existed in the poet's time; and if it did, whether he could +possibly have used it here. Now it is clear that _labours_ is a misprint +for _labour_; else, to what does "when I do _it_" refer? _Busy lest_ is +only a typographical error for _busyest_: the double superlative was +commonly used, being considered as more emphatic, by the poet and his +contemporaries. + +Thus in Hamlet's letter, Act ii. Sc. 2.: + + "I love thee best, O _most best_." + +and in _King Lear_, Act ii. Sc. 3.: + + "To take the basest and _most poorest_ shape." + +The passage will then stand thus:-- + + "But these sweet thoughts, do even refresh my labour, + Most busiest when I do it." + +The sense will be perhaps more evident by a mere transposition, +preserving every word: + + "But these sweet thoughts, most busiest when I do + My labour, do even refresh it." + +Here we have a clear sense, devoid of all ambiguity, and confirmed by +what precedes; that his labours are made pleasures, being beguiled by +these sweet thoughts of his mistress, which are busiest when he labours, +because it excites in his mind the memory of her "weeping to see him +work." The correction has also the recommendation of being effected in +so simple a manner as by merely taking away two superfluous letters. I +trust I need say no more; secure of the approbation of those who (to use +the words of an esteemed friend on another occasion) feel "that making +an opaque spot in a great work transparent is not a labour to be +scorned, and that there is a pleasant sympathy between the critic and +bard--dead though he be--on such occasions, which is an ample reward." + +S.W. SINGER + +Mickleham, Aug 30. 1850. + + * * * * * + +PUNISHMENT OF DEATH BY BURNING. + +(Vol. ii., pp. 6. 50. 90. 165.) + +In the "NOTES AND QUERIES" of Saturday, the 10th of August, SENEX gives +some account of the burning of a female in the Old Bailey, "about the +year 1788." + +Having myself been present at the last execution of a female in London, +where the body was burnt (being probably that to which SENEX refers), +and as few persons who were then present may now be alive, I beg to +mention some circumstances relative to that execution, which appear to +be worthy of notice. + +Our criminal law was then most severe and cruel: the legal punishment of +females convicted of high treason and petty treason was burning; coining +was held to be high treason; and murder of a husband was petty treason. + +I see it stated in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, that on the 13th of +March, 1789,-- + + "The Recorder of London made his report to His Majesty of the + prisoners under sentence of death in Newgate, convicted in the + Sessions of September, October, November, and January (forty-six + in number), {261} fourteen of whom were ordered for execution; + five of whom were afterwards reprieved." + +The recorder's report in regard to these unfortunate persons had been +delayed during the incapacity of the king; thus the report for four +sessions had been made at once. To have decided at one sitting of +council upon such a number of cases, must have almost been enough to +overset the strongest mind. Fortunately, these reports are now +abolished. + +In the same number of the _Gentleman's Magazine_, under date the 18th of +March, there is this statement,-- + + "The nine following malefactors were executed before the + Debtors' Door at Newgate pursuant to their sentence, viz., Hugh + Murphy and Christian Murphy _alias_ Bowman, Jane Grace, and + Joseph Walker, for coining. [Four for burglary, and one for + highway robbery.] They were brought upon the scaffold, about + half an hour after seven, and _turned off_ about a quarter past + eight. The woman for coining was brought out after the rest were + turned off, and fixed to a stake and burnt; being first + strangled by the stool being taken from under her." + +This is the execution at which I was present; the number of those who +suffered, and the burning of the female, attracted a very great crowd. +Eight of the malefactors suffered on the scaffold, then known as "the +new drop." After they were suspended, the woman, in a white dress, was +brought out of Newgate alone; and after some time spent in devotion, was +hung on the projecting arm of a low gibbet, fixed at a little distance +from the scaffold. After the lapse of a sufficient time to extinguish +life, faggots were piled around her, and over her head, so that her +person was completely covered: fire was then set to the pile, and the +woman was consumed to ashes. + +In the following year, 1790, I heard sentence passed in the Criminal +Court, in the Old Bailey, upon other persons convicted of coining: one +of them was a female. The sentence upon her was, that she should be +"drawn to the place of execution, and there burnt with fire till she was +dead." + +The case of this unfortunate woman, and the cruel state of the law in +regard to females, then attracted attention. On the 10th of May, 1790, +Sir Benjamin Hammett, in his place in the House of Commons, called the +attention of that House to the then state of the law. He mentioned that +it had been his official duty to attend on the melancholy occasion of +the burning of the female in the preceding year (it is understood he was +then one of the sheriffs of London), he moved for leave to bring in a +bill to alter the law, which he characterised as-- + + "One of the savage remains of Norman policy, disgracing our + statute book, as the practice did the common law." + +He noticed that the sheriff who did not execute the sentence of burning +alive was liable to a prosecution; but he thanked Heaven there was not a +man in England who would carry such a sentence into effect. He obtained +leave to bring in a bill for altering this cruel law; and in that +session the Act 30 G. III. c. 48. was passed-- + + "For discontinuing the judgment which has been required by law + to be given against women convicted of certain crimes, and + substituting another judgment in lieu thereof." + +A debt of gratitude is due to the memory of Sir Benjamin Hammett, for +his exertions, at that period, in the cause of humanity. Thank God, we +now live in times when the law is less cruel, and more chary of human +life. + +OCTOGENARIUS. + + * * * * * + +A NOTE ON MORGANATIC MARRIAGES. + +Grimm (_Deutsche Rechts Alterthumer_, vol. ii., p. 417.), after a long +dissertation, in which it appears that the money paid by the bridegroom +to the wife's relations (I believe subsequently also to the wife +herself) had every form of a _purchase_, possibly derived also from some +_symbolic_ customs common to all northern tribes, offers the following +as the origin of this word "morganatic:"-- + + "Es gab aber im Alterthum noch einen erlaubten Ausweg fuer die + Verbindung vorneluner Maenner mit geringen (freien und selbst + unfreien) Frauen, den _Concubinat_, der ohne feierliches + Verloebniss, ohne _Brautgabe_ und _Mitgift_ eingegangen wurde, + mithin _keine wahre und volle Ehe_, dennoch ein rechtmaessiges + Verhaeltniss war. + + "Da jedoch die Kirche ein solches Verhaeltniss missbilligte durch + keine Einsegnung weihte, so wurde es allmaehlich unerlaubt und + verboten als Ausnahme aber bis auf die neueste Zeit fuer Fuersten + zugelassen--ja durch Trauung an die linke Hand gefeiert. Die + Benennung Morganatische Ehe,--Matrimonium ad Morganaticam (11. + Feud. 29.), ruehrt daher, dass _den Concubinen_ eine _Morgangabe_ + (woraus im Mittelalter die Lombarden '_Morganatica_' + machten)--bewilligt zu werden pflegte--_es waren Ehen auf blosse + Morgengabe_. Den Beweis liefern Urkunden, die Morganatica fuer + Morgengabe auch in Fallen gebrauchen wo von wahrer Ehe die Rede + ist." (See Heinecius, _Antiq_. 3. 157, 158.) + +The case now stands thus: + +It was the custom to give money to the wife's relations on the +marriage-day. + +It was not the custom with respect to unequal marriage (Misheirath): +this took place "ohne Brautgabe und Mitgift," which was also of later +origin. + +The exception made by the Church for _princes_, restored the woman so +far, that the marriage was legally and morally recognised by the Lombard +law and the Church, with exceptions as regards _issue_, and that the +left hand was given for the _right_. + +With regard to this latter, it would be desirable {262} to trace whether +giving of the land had any _symbolic_ meaning. I think the +astrologists consider the right as the nobler part of the body; if so, +giving of _the left_ in this case is not without symbolic significance. +It must be remembered how much symbolism prevailed among the tribes +which swept Europe on the fall of the Roman empire, and their Eastern +origin. + +The Morgengabe, according to Cancianus (_Leges Barbarorum_, tom. iv. p. +24.), was at first a _free gift_ made by the husband after the first +marriage night. This was carried to such excess, that Liutprand ordained + + "Tamen ipsum Morgengabe volumus, ut non sit amplius nisi quarta + pars ejus substantia, qui ipsum Morgengabe dedit." + +This became subsequently converted into a _right_ termed _justitia_. + +Upon this extract from a charter,-- + + "Manifesta causa est mihi, quoniam die ilio quando te sposavi, + promiseram tibi dare _justitiam_ tuam secundum _legem meam_ [qr. + _my Lombard_ law in opposition to the Roman, which he had a + right to choose,] in Morgencap, id est, quartam portionem omnium + rerum mobilium et immobilium," &c. + +Cancianus thus comments:-- + + "Animadverte, quam recte charta haec cum supra alligatis formulis + conveniat. Sponsus promiserat Morgencap, quando feminam + desponsaverat, inde vero ante conjugium chartam conscribit: et + quod et Liutprandi lege, et ex antiquis moribus _Donum_ fuit + mere gratuitum, hic appellatur _Justitia_ secundum legem + Langobardorum." + +The Morgencap here assumes, I apprehend, somewhat the form of _dower_. +That it was so, is very doubtful. (Grimm, vol. ii. p. 441. +"Morgengabe.") + + "An demselben Morgen empfaengt die JungFrau von ihrem Gemahl ein + ansehnliches Geschenk, welches Morgengabe heisst. Schon in der + Pactio Guntherammi et Childeberti, werden Dos und Morganagiba + _unterschieden_, ebenso _Leg. Rip._ 37. 2. _Alaman_. 56. 1, 2. + Dos und Morgangeba; _Lex Burgend._ 42. 2. Morgangeba und das + 'pretium nuptiale;' bei den Langobarden, 'Meta und Morgengab.'" + +I do not say this answers the question of your correspondent G., which +is, what is the _derivation_ of the word? + +Its actual signification, I think, means left-handed; but to think is +not to resolve, and the question is open to the charitable contributions +of your learned and able supporters. + +As regards the Fairy Morgana, who was married to a mortal, I confess, +with your kind permission, I had rather not accept her as a satisfactory +reply. It is as though you would accept "once upon a time" as a +chronological date! She was _married_ to a mortal--true; but +_morganatically_, I doubt it. If morganatic came from this, it should +appear the _Fairy Morgana_ was the _first lady_ who so underwent the +ceremony. Do not forget Lurline, who married also a mortal, of whom the +poet so prettily sings: + + "Lurline hung her head, + Turned pale, and then red; + And declared his abruptness in popping the question + So soon after dinner had spoilt her digestion." + +This lady's marriage resembled the other in all respects, and I leave +you to decide, and no man is more competent, from your extensive +knowledge of the mythology of Medieval Europe, whether Morgana, beyond +the mere accident of her name, was more likely than Lurline to have +added a word with a puzzling etymology to the languages of Europe. The +word will, I think, be found of Eastern origin, clothed in a Teutonic +form. + +After all, Jacob Grimm and Cancianus may interest your readers, and so I +send the Note. + +S.H. + +Athenaeum, Sept. 6. 1850 + + * * * * * + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Alderman Beckford._--Gifford (_Ben Jonson_, vol. vi. p. 481.) has the +following note:-- + + "The giants of Guildhall, thank heaven, yet defend their charge: + it only remains to wish that the citizens may take example by + the fate of Holmeby, and not expose them to an attack to which + they will assuredly be found unequal. It is not altogether owing + to their wisdom that this has not already taken place. For + twenty years they were chained to the car of a profligate + buffoon, who dragged them through every species of ignominy to + the verge of rebellion; and their hall is even yet disgraced + with the statue of a worthless negro-monger, in the act of + insulting their sovereign with a speech of which (factious and + brutal as he was) _he never uttered one syllable_." ... "By my + troth, captain, these are very bitter words." + +But Gifford was _generally_ correct in his assertions; and twenty-two +years after _his_ note, I made the following one:-- + + "It is a curious fact, but a true one, that Beckford _did not + utter one syllable of this speech_. It was penned by Horne + Tooke, and by his art put on the records of the city and on + Beckford's statue, as he told me, Mr. Braithwaite, Mr. Seyers, + &c., at the Athenian Club. + + "ISAAC REED. + + "See the _Times_ Of July 23. 1838, p. 6." + +The worshipful Company of Ironmongers have _relegated their_ statue from +their hall to a lower position: but it still disgraces the Guildhall, +and will continue to do so, as long as any factious demagogue is +permitted to have a place among its members. + +L.S. + + +_The Frozen Horn._--Perhaps it is not generally known that the writer of +_Munchausen's Travels_ borrowed this amusing incident from Heylin's +{263} _Mikrokosmos_. In the section treating of Muscovy, he says:-- + + "This excesse of cold in the ayre, gave occasion to _Castilian_, + in his _Aulicus_, wittily and not incongruously to faine that if + two men being smewhat distant, talke together in the winter, + their words will be so frozen that they cannot be heard: but if + the parties in the spring returne to the same place, their words + will melt in the same order that they were frozen and _spoken_, + and be plainly understood." + +J.S. + +Salisbury. + + +_Inscription from Roma Subterranea._--If you deem the translation of +this inscription, quoted in Lord Lindsay's fanciful but admirable +_Sketches of the History of Christian Art_, worth a place among your +Notes, it is very heartily at your service. + + "Sisto viator + Tot ibi trophaea, quot ossa + Quot martyres, tot triumphi. + Antra quae subis, multa quae cernis marmora, + Vel dum silent, + Palam Romae gloriam loquuntur. + Audi quid Echo resonet + Subterraneae Romae! + Obscura licet Urbis Coemetria + Totius patens Orbis Theatrium! + Supplex Loci Sanetitatem venerare, + Et post hac sub luto aurum + Coelum sub coeno + Sub Roma Romam quaerito!" + +_Roma Subterranea_, 1651, tom. i. p. 625. + +(Inscription abridged.) + + Stay, wayfarer--behold + In ev'ry mould'ring bone a trophy here. + In all these hosts of martyrs, + So many triumphs. + These vaults--these countless tombs, + E'en in their very silence + Proclaim aloud Rome's glory: + The echo'd fame + Of subterranean Rome + Rings on the ear. + The city's sepulchres, albeit hidden, + Present a spectacle + To the wide world patent. + In lowly rev'rence hail this hallow'd spot, + And henceforth learn + Gold beneath dross + Heav'n below earth, + Rome under Rome to find! + +F.T.J.B. + +Brookthorpe. + + +_Parallel Passages._-- + + "_There is an acre sown with royal seed_, the copy of the + greatest change from rich to naked, from cieled roofs to arched + coffins, from _living like gods to die like men_."--Jeremy + Taylor's _Holy Dying_, chap. i. sect. 1. p. 272. ed. Edin. + + "_Here's an acre sown_ indeed + _With_ the richest _royalest seeds_, + That the earth did e'er suck in, + Since the first man dyed for sin: + Here the bones of birth have cried, + Though _gods they were, as men they died_." + F. BEAUMONT + +M.W. +Oxon. + + +_A Note on George Herbert's Poems._--In the notes by Coleridge attached +to Pickering's edition of George Herbert's _Poems_, on the line-- + + "My flesh beg_u_n unto my soul in pain," + +Coleridge says-- + + "Either a misprint, or noticeable idiom of the word _began_: + Yes! and a very beautiful idiom it is: the first colloquy or + address of the flesh." + +The idiom is still in use in Scotland. "You had better not begin to me," +is the first address or colloquy of the school-boy half-angry +half-frightened at the bullying of a companion. The idiom was once +English, though now obsolete. Several instances of it are given in the +last edition of Foxe's _Martyrs_, vol. vi. p. 627. It has not been +noticed, however, that the same idiom occurs in one of the best known +passages of Shakspeare; in Clarence's dream, _Richard III._, Act i. Sc. +4.: + + "O, then _began_ the tempest _to_ my soul." + +Herbert's _Poems_ will afford another illustration to Shakspeare, +_Hamlet_, Act iv. Sc. 7.:-- + + "And then this _should_ is like a spendthrift sigh, + That hurts by easing." + +Coleridge, in the _Literary Remains_, vol. i. p. 233., says-- + + "In a stitch in the side, every one must have heaved + a sigh that hurts by easing." + +Dr. Johnson saw its true meaning: + + "It is," he says, "a notion very prevalent, that sighs impair + the strength, and wear out the animal powers." + +In allusion to this popular notion, by no means yet extinct, Herbert +says, p. 71.: + + "Or if some years with it (a sigh) escape + The sigh then only is + A gale to bring me sooner to my bliss." + +D.S. + + +"_Crede quod habes_," &c.--The celebrated answer to a Protestant about +the real presence, by the borrower of his horse, is supposed to be made +since the Reformation, by whom I forget:-- + + "Quod nuper dixisti + De corpore Christi + Crede quod edis et edis; + Sic tibi rescribo + De tuo palfrido + Crede quod habes et habes." + +But in Wright and Halliwell's _Reliquiae Antiquae_, {264} p. 287., from a +manuscript of the time of Henry VII., is given-- + + "Tu dixisti de corpore Christi, crede et habes + De palefrido sic tibi scribo, crede et habes." + +M. + + +_Grant to the Earl of Sussex of Leave to be covered in the Royal +Presence._--In editing Heylyn's _History of the Reformation_, I had to +remark of the grant made by Queen Mary to the Earl of Sussex, that it +was the only one of Heylyn's documents which I had been unable to trace +elsewhere (ii. 90.). Allow me to state in your columns, that I have +since found it in Weever's _Funeral Monuments_ (pp. 635, 636). + +J.C. ROBERTSON. + +Bekesbourne. + + +_The first Woman formed from a Rib_ (Vol. ii., p. 213.).--As you have +given insertion to an extract of a sermon on the subject of the creation +of Eve, I trust you will allow me to refer your correspondent +BALLIOLENSIS to Matthew Henry's commentary on the second chapter of +Genesis, from which I extract the following beautiful explanation of the +reason why the _rib_ was selected as the material whereof the woman +should be created:-- + + "Fourthly, that the woman was made of a rib out of the side of + Adam; not made out of his head to top him, nor out of his feet + to be trampled upon by him; but out of his side to be equal with + him, under his arm to be protected, and near his heart to be + beloved." + +IOTA. + + +_Beau Brummel's Ancestry._--Mr. Jesse some years back did ample justice +to the history of a "London celebrity," George Brummell; but, from what +he there stated, the following "Note" will, I feel assured, be a novelty +to him. At the time that Brummell was considered in everything the +_arbiter elegantiarum_, the writer of this has frequently heard Lady +Monson (the widow of the second lord, and an old lady who, living to the +age of ninety-seven, had a wonderful fund of interesting recollections) +say, that this ruler of fashion was the descendant of a very excellent +servant in the family. Not long ago, some old papers of the family being +turned over, proofs corroborative of this came to light. William +Brummell, from the year 1734 to 1764, was the faithful and confidential +servant of Charles Monson, brother of the first lord: the period would +identify him with the grandfather of the Beau; the only doubt was, that +as Mr. Jesse has ascertained that William Brummell, the grandfather, +was, in the interval above given, married, had a _son William_, and +owned a house in Bury Street, how far these facts were compatible with +his remaining as a servant living with Charles Monson, both in town and +country. Now, in 1757, Professor Henry Monson of Cambridge being +dangerously ill, his brother Charles sent William Brummell down, as a +trustworthy person, to attend to him; and in a letter from Brummell to +his master, he, with many other requisitions, wishes that there may be +sent down to him a certain glass vessel, very useful for invalids to +drink out of, and which, if not in Spring Gardens, "may be found in +_Bury Street_. It was used when _Billy_ was ill." From the familiarity +of the word "Billy," he must be speaking of his son. These facts are +certainly corroborative of the old dowager's statement. + +M(2). + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +GRAY'S ELEGY AND DODSLEY POEMS. + +I have here, in the country, few editions of Gray's works by me, and +those not the best; for instance, I have neither of those by the Rev. J. +Mitford (excepting his Aldine edition, in one small volume), which, +perhaps, would render my present Query needless. It relates to a line, +or rather a word in the _Elegy_, which is of some importance. In the +second stanza, as the poem is usually divided (though Mason does not +give it in stanzas, because it was not so originally written), occurs, + + "Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight." + +And thus the line stands in all the copies (five) I am able at this +moment to consult. But referring to Dodsley's _Collection of Poems_, +vol. iv., where it comes first, the epithet applied to "flight" is not +"droning," but _drony_-- + + "Save where the beetle wheels his _drony_ flight." + +Has anybody observed upon this difference, which surely is worthy of a +Note? I cannot find that the circumstance has been remarked upon, but, +as I said, I am here without the means of consulting the best +authorities. The _Elegy_, I presume, must have been first separately +printed, and from thence transferred to Dodsley's _Collection_; and I +wish to be informed by some person who has the earliest impression, how +the line is there given? I do not know any one to whom I can appeal on +such a point with greater confidence than to MR. PETER CUNNINGHAM, who, +I know, has a large assemblage of the first editions of our most +celebrated poets from the reign of Anne downwards, and is so well able +to make use of them. It would be extraordinary, if _drony_ were the +epithet first adopted by Gray, and subsequently altered by him to +"droning," that no notice should have been taken of the substitution by +any of the poet's editors. I presume, therefore, that it has been +mentioned, and I wish to know where? + +Now, a word or two on Dodsley's _Collection of Poems_, in the fourth +volume of which, as I have {265} stated, Gray's-_Elegy_ comes first. +Dodsley's is a popular and well-known work, and yet I cannot find _that +anybody has given the dates connected with it accurately_. If Gray's +_Elegy_ appeared in it for the first time (which I do not suppose), it +came out in 1755 which is the date of vol. iv. of Dodsley's +_Collection_, and not in 1757, which is the date of the Strawberry Hill +edition of Gray's _Odes_. The Rev. J. Mitford (Aldine edit. xxxiii.) +informs us that "Dodsley published three volumes of this _Collection_ in +1752; the fourth volume was published in 1755 and the fifth and sixth +volumes, which completed the _Collection_, in 1758." I am writing with +the title-pages of the work open before me, and I find that the first +three volumes were published, not in 1752, but in 1748, and that even +this was the second edition so that there must have been an edition of +the first three volumes, either anterior to 1748, or earlier in that +year. The sale of the work encouraged Dodsley to add a fourth volume in +1755, and two others in 1758 and the plate of Apollo and the Muses was +re-engraved for vols. v. and vi., because the original copper, which had +served for vols. i., ii., iii., and iv., was so much worn. + +This matter will not seem of such trifling importance to those who bear +in mind, that if Gray's _Elegy_ did not originally come out in this +_Collection_ in 1755, various other poems of great merit and +considerable popularity did then make their earliest appearance. + +THE HERMIT OF HOLYPORT. + +Sept. 1850. + +P.S. My attention has been directed to the subject of Gray's _Poems_, +and particularly to his _Elegy_, by a recent pilgrimage I made to Stoke +Poges, which is only five or six miles from this neighbourhood. The +church and the poet's monument to his mother are worth a much longer +walk; but the mausoleum to Gray, in the immediate vicinity, is a +preposterous edifice. The residence of Lady Cobham has been lamentably +modernised. + + * * * * * + +HUGH HOLLAND AND HIS WORKS. + +The name of Hugh Holland has been handed down to posterity in connexion +with that of our immortal bard; but few know anything of him beyond his +commendatory verses prefixed to the first folio of Shakspeare. + +He was born at Denbigh in 1558, and educated at Westminster School while +Camden taught there. In 1582 he matriculated at Baliol College, Oxford; +and about 1590 he succeeded to a Fellowship at Trinity College, +Cambridge. Thence he travelled into Italy, and at Rome was guilty of +several indiscretions by the freedom of his conversations. He next went +to Jerusalem to pay his devotions at the Holy Sepulchre, and on his +return touched at Constantinople, where he received a reprimand from the +English ambassador for the former freedom of his tongue. At his return +to England, he retired to Oxford, and, according to Wood, spent some +years there for the sake of the public library. He died in July, 1633, +and was buried in Westminster Abbey, "in the south crosse aisle, neere +the dore of St. Benet's Chapell," but no inscription now remains to +record the event. + +Whalley, in Gifford's _Jonson_ (1. cccxiv.), says, speaking of Hugh +Holland-- + + "He wrote several things, amongst which is the life of Camden; + but none of them, I believe, have been ever published." + +Holland published two works, the titles of which are as follows, and +perhaps others which I am not aware of:-- + +1. "Monumenta Sepulchralia Sancti Pauli. Lond. 1613. 4to." + +2. "A Cypres Garland for the Sacred Forehead of our late Soveraigne King +James. Lond. 1625. 4to." + +The first is a catalogue of the monuments, inscriptions, and epitaphs in +the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, which Nicolson calls "a mean and dull +performance." It was, at any rate, very popular, being printed again in +the years 1616, 1618, and 1633. + +The second is a poetical tract of twelve leaves, of the greatest +possible rarity. + +Holland also printed commendatory verses before a curious musical work, +entitled _Parthenia, or the Maydenhead of the First Musick for the +Virginalls_, 1611; and a copy of Latin verses before Dr. Alexander's +_Roxana_, 1632. + +In one of the Lansdowne MSS. are preserved the following verses written +upon the death of Prince Henry, by "Hugh Hollande, fellow of Trinity +College, Cambridge:"-- + + "Loe, where he shineth yonder + A fixed Star in heaven, + Whose motion here came under + None of the planets seven. + If that the Moone should tender + The Sun her love, and marry, + They both could not engender + So sweet a star as HARRY." + +Our author was evidently a man of some poetical fancy, and if not worthy +to be classed "among the chief of English poets," he is at least +entitled to a niche in the temple of fame. + +My object in calling attention to this long forgotten author is, to gain +some information respecting his manuscript works. According to Wood, +they consist of--1. Verses in Description of the chief Cities of Europe; +2. Chronicle of Queen Elizabeth's reign; 3. Life of William Camden. + +Can any of your readers say in whose possession, {266} or in what +library, any of the above mentioned MSS. are at the present time? I +should also feel obliged for any communication respecting Hugh Holland +or his works, more especially frown original sources, or books not +easily accessible. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +HARVEY'S CLAIM TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD. + +I have both a Note and a Query about Harvey and the circulation of the +blood (Vol. ii., p. 187.). The Note refers to Philostratus (_Life of +Apollorius_, p. 461., ed. 1809), _Nouvelles de la Republique des +Lettres_, June, 1684, xi.; and Dutens pp. 157-341. 4to. ed. 1796. I +extract the passage from _Les Nouvelles_:-- + + "On voit avec plaisir un passage d'Andre Caesalpinus qui contient + fort clairement la doctrine de la circrilation. Il est tire de + ses Questions sur la medecine imprimees l'an 1593. Jean + Leonicenas ajoute que le pere Paul decouvrit la circulation du + sang, et les valvules des veines, mais qu'il n'osa pas en + parler, de peur d'exciter contre luy quelque tempete. Il n'etois + deja que trop suspect, et il n'eut fallu que ce nouveau paradoxe + pour le transformer en heretique dans le pais d'inquisition. Si + bien qu'il ne communiqua son secret qu'au seul Aquapendente, qui + n'osant s'exposer a l'envie.... Il attendit a l'heure de sa mort + pour mettre le livre qu'il avoit compose touchant les valvules + des veines entre les mains de la republique de Venise, et comme + les moindres nouveautez font peur en cc pais-la, le livre fut + cache dans le billiotheque de Saint Marc. Mais parcequ' + Aquapendente ne fit pas difficulte de s'ouvrir a un jeune + Anglois fort curieux nomme Harvee, qui etudioit sous lui a + Padoue, et qu'en meme temps le pere Paul fit a meme confidence a + l'Ambassadeur d'Angleterre, ces deux Anglois de retour chez eux, + et se voyant en pais de liberte, publierent ce dogme, et l'ayant + confirme par plusieurs experiences, s'en attribuerent toute la + gloire." + +The Query is, what share Harvey had in the discovery attributed to him? + +W.W.B. + + * * * * * + +Minor Queries. + +_Bernardus Patricius._--Some writers mention _Bernardus_ Patricius as a +follower of Copernicus, about the time of Galileo. Who was he? + +M. + + +_Meaning of Hanger._--Can any one of your readers inform me, what is the +meaning of the word _hanger_, so frequently occurring in the names of +places in Bedfordshire, such as Panshanger? + +W. Anderson + + +_Cat and Bagpipes._--In studying some letters which passed between two +distinguished philosophers of the last century, I have found in one +epistle a request that the writer might be remembered "to his friends at +the Crown and Anchor, and the _Cat and Bagpipes_." The letter was +addressed to a party in London, where doubtless, both those places of +entertainment were. The Crown and Anchor was the house where the Royal +Society Club held its convivial meetings. Can you inform me where the +Cat and Bagpipes was situated, and what literary and scientific club met +there? The name seems to have been a favourite one for taverns, and, if +mistake not, is common in Ireland. Is it a corruption of some foreign +title, as so many such names are, or merely a grotesque and piquant +specimen of sign-board literature? + +Quasimodo. + + +_Andrew Becket._--A.W. Hammond will feel obliged for any information +respecting Andrew Becket, Esq., who died 19th January, 1843, aet. 95, and +to whose memory there is a handsome monument in Kennington Church. +According to that inscription, he was "ardently devoted to the pursuits +of literature," personally acquainted in early life with the most +distinguished authors of his day, long the intimate friend of David +Garrick, "and a profound commentator on the dramatic works of +Shakspeare." Can any of the learned readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" +satisfy this Query? + + +_Laurence Minot._--Is any other MS. of Minot known, besides the one from +which Ritson drew his text? Is there any other edition of this poet +besides Ritson's, and the reprints thereof? + +E.S. JACKSON. + + +_Modena Family._--When did Victor Amadeus, King of Sardinia, die? When +did his daughter, Mary Duchess of Modena, die, (the mother of the +present Duke of Modena, and through whom he is the direct heir of the +House of Stuart)? + +L.M.M.R. + + +_Bamboozle._--What is the etymology of _bamboozle_, used as a verb? + +L.M.M.R. + + +_Butcher's Blue Dress._--What is the origin of the custom, which seems +all but universal in England, for butchers to wear a blouse or frock of +_blue_ colour? Though so common in this country as to form a distinctive +mark of the trade, and to be almost a butcher's uniform, it is, I +believe, unknown on the continent. Is it a custom which has originate in +some supposed utility, or in the official dress of a guild or company, +or in some accident of which a historical notice has been preserved? + +L. + + +_Hatchment and Atchievement._--Can any one of the readers of "NOTES AND +QUERIES" tell me how comes the corruption _hatchment_ from +_atchievement_? Ought the English word to be spelt with a _t_, or thus, +_achievement_? Why are hatchments put up in churches and on houses? + +W. ANDERSON. {267} + + +"_Te colui Virtutem_."--Who is the author of the line-- + + "Te colui virtutem ut rem ast tu nomen inane es?" + +It is a translation of part of a Greek tragic fragment, quoted, +according to Dio Cassius, by Brutus just before his death. As much as is +here translated is also to be found in Plutarch _De Superstitione_. + +E. + + +"_Illa suavissima Vita_."--Where does "Illa suavissima vita indies +sentire se fieri meliorem" come from? + +E. + + +_Christianity, Early Influence of._--"The beneficial influence of the +Christian clergy during the first thousand years of the Christian era." + +What works can be recommended on the above subject? + +X.Y.Z. + + +_Wraxen, Meaning of._--What is the origin and meaning of the word +_wraxen_, which was used by a Kentish woman on being applied to by a +friend of mine to send her children to the Sunday-school, in the +following sentence?--"Why, you see, they go to the National School all +the week, and get so _wraxen_, that I cannot send them to the Sunday +School too." + +G.W. Skyring. + + +_Saint, Legend of a._--Can any of your correspondents inform me where I +can find the account of some saint who, when baptizing a heathen, +inadvertently pierced the convert's foot with the point of his crozier. +The man bore the pain without flinching, and when the occurrence was +discovered, he remarked that he thought it was part of the ceremony? + +J.Y.C. + + +_Land Holland--Farewell._--In searching some Court Rolls a few days +since, I found some land described as "Land Holland" or "Hollandland." I +have been unable to discover the meaning of this expression, and should +be glad if any of your correspondents can help me. + +In the same manor there is custom for the tenant to pay a sum as a +_farewell_ to the lord on sale or alienation: this payment is in +addition to the ordinary fine, &c. Query the origin and meaning of this? + +J.B.C. + + +_Stepony Ale._--Chamberlayne, in his _Present State of England_ (part. +i. p. 51., ed. 1677), speaking of the "Dyet" of the people, thus +enumerates the prevailing beverages of the day:-- + + "Besides all sorts of the best wines from Spain, France, Italy, + Germany, Grecia, there are sold in London above twenty sorts of + other drinks: as brandy, coffee, chocolate, tea, aromatick, mum, + sider, perry, beer, ale; many sorts of ales very different, as + cock, _stepony_, stickback, Hull, North-Down, Sambidge, Betony, + scurvy-grass, sage-ale, &c. A piece of wantonness whereof none + of our ancestors were ever guilty." + +It will be observed that the ales are named in some instances from +localities, and in others from the herbs of which they were decoctions. +Can any of your readers tell me anything of Stepony ale? Was it ale +brewed at Stepney? + +James T. Hammack + + +"_Regis ad Exemplar_."--Can you inform me whence the following line is +taken? + + "Regis ad exemplar totus componitur orbis." + +Q.Q.Q. + + +"_La Caconacquerie_".--Will one of your numerous correspondents be kind +enough to inform me what is the true signification and derivation of the +word "caconac?" D'Alembert, writing to Voltaire concerning Turgot, says: + + "You will find him an excellent _caconac_, though he has reasons + for not avowing it:--la caconacquerie ne mene pas a la fortune." + +Ardern. + + +_London Dissenting Ministers: Rev. Thomas Tailer._--Not being entirely +successful in my Queries with regard to "London Dissenting Ministers" +(Vol. i., pp. 383. 444. 454.), I will state a circumstance which, +possibly, may assist some one of your correspondents in furnishing an +answer to the second of those inquiries. + +In the lines immediately referred to, where certain Nonconformist +ministers of the metropolis are described under images taken from the +vegetable world, the late Rev. Thomas Tailer (of Carter Lane), whose +voice was feeble and trembling, is thus spoken of:-- + + "Tailer tremulous as aspen leaves." + +But in verses afterwards circulated, if not printed, the censor was +rebuked as follows:-- + + "Nor tell of Tailer's trembling voice so weak, + While from his lips such charming accents break, + And every virtue, every Christian grace, + Within his bosom finds a ready place." + +No encomium could be more deserved, none more seasonably offered or more +appropriately conveyed. I knew Mr. Tailer, and am pleased in cherishing +recollections of him. + +W. + + +_Mistletoe as a Christmas Evergreen._--Can any of your readers inform me +at what period of time the mistletoe came to be recognised as a +Christmas evergreen? I am aware it played a great part in those +ceremonies of the ancient Druids which took place towards the end of the +year, but I cannot find any allusion to it, in connexion with the +Christian festival, before the time of Herrick. You are of course aware, +that there are still in existence some five or six very curious old +carols, of as early, or even an earlier date than the fifteenth century, +in praise of the holly or the ivy, which said carols used to be sung +during the Christmas {268} festivities held by our forefathers but I can +discover no allusion even to the mistletoe for two centuries later. If +any of your readers should be familiar with any earlier allusion in +prose, but still more particularly in verse, printed or in manuscript, I +shall feel obliged by their pointing it out. + +V. + + +_Poor Robin's Almanacks._--I am anxious to ascertain in which public or +private library is to be found the most complete collection of Poor +Robin's _Almanacks_: through the medium of your columns, I may, perhaps, +glean the desired information. + +V. + + +_Sirloin._--When on a visit, a day or two since, to the very interesting +_ruin_ (for so it must be called) of Haughton Castle, near Blackburn, +Lancashire, I heard that the origin of this word was the following freak +of James I. in his visit to the castle; a visit, by the way, which is +said to have ruined the host, and to have been not very profitable even +to all his descendants. A magnificent loin of meat being placed on the +table before his Majesty, the King was so struck with its size and +excellence, that he drew his sword, and cried out, "By my troth, I'll +knight thee, Sir Loin!" and then and there the title was given; a title +which has been honoured, unlike other knighthoods, by a goodly +succession of illustrious heirs. Can any of your correspondents vouch +for the truth of this? + +H.C. +Bowden, Manchester. + + +_Thomson of Esholt._--In the reign of Henry VIII. arms were granted to +Henry Thomson, of Esholt, co. York, one of that monarch's +gentlemen-at-arms at Boulogne. The grant was made by Laurence Dalton, +Norroy. The shield was--Per fesse embattled, ar. and sa., three falcons, +belted, countercharged--a _bend_ sinister. Crest: An armed arm, embowed, +holding a lance, erect. Families of the name of Thompson, bearing the +same shield, have been seated at Kilham, Scarborough, Escrick, and other +places in Yorkshire. My inquiries are,-- + +1. Will any of your readers by kind enough to inform me where any +mention is made of this grant, and the circumstances under which it was +made? + +2. Whether any _ancient_ monuments, or heraldic bearings of the family, +are still extant in any parts of Yorkshire? + +3. Whether any work on Yorkshire genealogies exists, and what is the +best to be consulted? + +JAYTEE. + + * * * * * + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Pension_ (Vol. ii., p. 134.).--In the _Dictionnaire Universelle_, 1775, +vol. ii. p. 203., I find the following explanation of the French word +_Pension_:-- + + "Somme qu'on donne pour la nourriture et le logement de + quelqu'un. _Il se dit aussi du lieu ou l'on donne a manger._" + +May not the meeting of the benchers have derived its name for their +dining-room in which they assembled? + +BRAYBROOKE. + + +_Execution of Charles I._ (Vol. ii., pp. 72. 110-140. 158.).--In Lilly's +_History of his Life and Times_, I find the following interesting +account in regard to the vizored execution of Charles I., being part of +the evidence he gave when examined before the first parliament of King +Charles II. respecting the matter. Should any of your correspondents be +able to substantiate this, or produce more conclusive evidence in +determining who the executioner was, I shall be extremely obliged. Lilly +writes,-- + + "Liberty being given me to speak, I related what follows: viz., + That the next Sunday but one after Charles I. was beheaded, + Robert Spavin Secretary to Lieutenant-General Cromwell at that + time, invited himself to dine with me, and brought Anthony + Pearson and several others along with him to dinner. That their + principal discourse all dinner time was only who it was that + beheaded the king. One said it was the common hangman; another, + Hugh Peters; others were also nominated, but none concluded. + Robert Spavin, so soon as dinner was done, took me by the hand, + and carried me to the south window. Saith he, 'These are all + mistaken; they have not named the man that did the fact: it was + Lieutenant-Colonel Joice. I was in the room when he fitted + himself for the work; stood behind him when he did it; when + done, went in with him again: there is no man knows this but my + master, viz. Cromwell, Commissary Ireton, and myself.'--'Doth + Mr. Rushworth know it?' saith I. 'No, he doth not know it,' + saith Spavin. The same thing Spavin since has often related to + me, when we were alone." + +R.W.E. +Cheltenham. + + +_Paper Hangings_ (Vol. ii., p. 134.).--"It was on the walls of this +drawing-room (the king's at Kensington Palace) that the then new art of +paper-hangings, in imitation of the old velvet flock, was displayed with +an effect that soon led to the adoption of so cheap and elegant a +manufacture, in preference to the original rich material from which it +was copied."--W.H. Pyne's _Royal Residences_, vol. ii. p. 75. + +M.W. + + +_Black-guard._--There are frequent entries among those of deaths of +persons attached to the Palace of Whitehall, in the registers of St. +Margaret's, Westminster, of "----, one of the blake garde." about the +year 1566, and later. In the Churchwarden's Accompts we find-- + + "1532. Pd. for licence of 4 torchis for Black Garde, vj. d." + +The royal Halberdiers carried black bills. (Grose, _Milit. Antiq._, vol. +i. p. 124.) In 1584 they behaved {269} with great cruelty in Ireland. +(Cornp. Peck's _Des. Curios._, vol. i. p. 155.) So Stainhurst, in his +_Description_, says of bad men: "They are taken for no better than +rakehells, or the devil's blacke guarde."--Chap. 8. Perhaps, in +distinction to the gaily dressed military guard, the menial attendants +in a royal progress were called black-guards from their dull appearance. + +I remember a story current in Dublin, of a wicked wag telling a highly +respectable old lady, who was asking, where were the quarters of the +guards, in which corps her son was a private, to inquire at the lodge of +Trinity College if he was not within those learned walls, as the "black +guards were lying there." + +M.W. + + +_Pilgrims' Road_ (Vol. ii., p. 237.).--Your correspondent S.H., in +noticing the old track "skirting the base of the chalk hills," and known +by the name of the "Pilgrims' Road," has omitted to state that its +commencement is at Oxford,--a fact of importance, inasmuch as that the +Archbishops of Canterbury had there a handsome palace (the ruins of +which still exist), which is said to have been the favourite residence +of Thomas a Becket. The tradition in the county thereupon is, that his +memory was held in such sanctity in that neighbourhood as to cause a +vast influx of pilgrims annually from thence to his shrine at +Canterbury; and the line of road taken by them can still be traced, +though only portions of it are now used as a highway. The direction, +however, in which it runs makes it clear (as S.H., no doubt, is aware) +that it cannot be Chaucer's road. + +While on the subject of old roads, I may add that a tradition here +exists that the direct road between London and Tunbridge did not pass +through Sevenoaks; and a narrow lane which crosses the Pilgrims' road +near Everham is pointed out as the former highway, and by which Evelyn +must have been journeying (passing close, indeed, to the seat of his +present descendant at St. Clere) when he met with that amusing +robber-adventure at Procession Oak. + +M(2). + + +_Pilgrims' Road to Canterbury._--In the _Athenaeum_ of Nov. 2nd, 1844, +there is a notice of _Remarks upon Wayside Chapels; with Observations on +the Architecture and present State of the Chantry on Wakefield Bridge_: +By John Chessell and Charles Buckler--in which the reviewer says-- + + "In our pedestrianism we have traced the now desolate ruins of + several of these chapels along the old pilgrims' road to + Canterbury." + +If this writer would give us the results of his pedestrianism, it would +be acceptable to _all_ the lovers of Chaucer. I do not know whether +PHILO-CHAUCER will find anything to his purpose in the pamphlet +reviewed. + +E.S. JACKSON. + + +_Combs buried with the Dead._--In Vol. ii., p. 230., the excellent vicar +of Morwenstow asks the reason why combs are found in the graves of St. +Cuthbert and others, monks, in the cathedral church of Durham. I imagine +that they were the combs used at the first tonsure of the novices, to +them a most interesting memorial of that solemn rite through life, and +from touching affection to the brotherhood among whom they had dwelt, +buried with them at their death. + +M.W. + + +_The Comb_, concerning "the origin and intent" of which MR. HAWKER (Vol. +ii., p. 230.) seeks information, was for ritual use; and its purposes +are fully described in Dr. Rock's _Church of our Fathers_, t. ii. p. +122., &c. + +LITURGICUS. + + +_Aerostation._--C.B.M. will find in the _Athenaeum_ for August 10th, +1850, a notice of a book on this subject. + +E.S. JACKSON. + + +_St. Thomas of Lancaster_ (Vol. i., p. 181.).--MR. R.M. MILNES desires +information relative to "St. Thomas of Lancaster." This personage was +Earl of Leicester as well as Earl of Lancaster; and I find in the +archives of this borough numerous entries relative to him,--of payments +made to him by the burgesses. Of these mention is made in a _History of +Leicester_ recently published. The most curious fact I know of is, that +on the dissolution of the monasteries here, several relics of St. +Thomas, among others, his felt hat, was exhibited. The hat was +considered a great remedy for the headache! + +JAYTEE. + + +_Smoke Money_ (Vol. ii., p. 120.).--"Anciently, even in England, were +Whitsun farthings, or smoke farthings, which were a composition for +offerings made in Whitsun week, by every man who occupied a house with a +chimney, to the cathedral of the diocese in which he lived."--Audley's +_Companion to the Almanac_, p. 76. + +Pentecostals, or Whitsun Farthings, are mentioned by Pegge as being paid +in 1788 by the parishioners of the diocese of Lichfield, in aid of the +repairs of the cathedral, to the dean and chapter; but he makes no +allusion to the word _smoke_, adding only that in this case the payment +went by the name of Chad-pennies, or Chad-farthings, the cathedral there +being dedicated to St. Chad. + +C.I.R. + + +_Robert Herrick_ (Vol. i., p. 291.).--MR. MILNER BARRY states that he +found an entry of the burial of the poet Herrick in the parish books of +Dean Prior. As MR. BARRY seems interested in the poet, I would inform +him that a voluminous collection of family letters of early date is now +in the possession of William Herrick, Esq., of Beaumanor Park, the +present representative of that ancient and honourable house. + +JAYTEE. + + +_Guildhalls._--The question in Vol. i., p. 320., relative to guildhalls, +provokes an inquiry into {270} guilds. In the erudite and instructive +work of Wilda on the _Guild System of the Middle Ages (Gildenwesen im +Mittelaelter)_ will be found to be stated that guilds were associations +of various kinds,--convivial, religions, and mercantile, and so on; and +that places of assembly were adopted by them. A guild-house where eating +and drinking took place, was to be met with in most villages in early +times: and these, I fancy, were the guild-halls. On this head consult +Hone's _Every-day Book_, vol. ii. p. 670., and elsewhere, in connexion +with Whitsuntide holidays. + +JAYTEE. + + +_Abbe Strickland_ (Vol. ii., pp. 198. 237.).--The fullest account of the +Abbe Strickland, _Bishop of Namur_, is to be found in Lord Hervey's +_Memoirs_ (Vol. i., p. 391.), and a most curious account it is of that +profligate intriguer. + +C. + + +_Long Lonkin_ (Vol. ii., pp. 168. 251.).--This ballad does not relate to +Cumberland, but to Northumberland. This error was committed by Miss +Landon (in the _Drawing-room Scrap-book_ for 1835), to whom a lady of +this town communicated the fragment through the medium of a friend. Its +real locality is a ruined tower, seated on the corner of an extensive +earth-work surrounded by a moat, on the western side of Whittle Dean, +near Ovingham. Since this period, I have myself taken down many +additional verses from the recitation of the adjacent villagers, and +will be happy to afford any further information to your inquirer, +SELEUCUS. + +G. BOUCHIER RICHARDSON. +Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Sept. 7. 1850. + + +_Havock_ (Vol. ii., p. 215.).--The presumed object of literary men being +the investigation of truth, your correspondent JARLTZBERG will, I trust, +pardon me for suggesting that his illustration of the word _havock_ is +incomplete, and especially with reference to the line of Shakspeare +which he has quoted: + + "Cry havock! and let slip the dogs of war." + +Grose, in his _History of English Armour_, vol. ii. p. 62., says that +_havok_ was the word given as a signal for the troops to disperse and +pillage, as may be learned from the following article in the _Droits of +the Marshal_, vol. ii. p. 229., wherein it is declared, that-- + + "In the article of plunder, all the sheep and hogs belong to + such private soldiers as can take them; and that on the word + havok being cried, every one might seize his part; but this + probably was only a small part of the licence supposed to be + given by the word." + +He also refers to the ordinance of Richard II. + +In agreeing with your correspondent that the use of this word was the +signal for general massacre, unlimited slaughter, and giving no quarter, +as well as taking plunder in the manner described above, the omission of +which I have to complain is, that, in stating no one was to raise the +cry, under penalty of losing his head, he did not add the words, "the +king excepted." It was a royal act; and Shakspeare so understood it to +be; as will appear from the passage referred to, if fully and fairly +quoted:-- + + "And Caesar's spirit, ranging for revenge, + With Ate by his side, come hot from hell, + Shall in these confines, _with a monarch's voice_, + Cry Havock! and let slip the dogs of war." + _Julius Caesar_ Act iii. + +It is not at this moment in my power to assist F.W. with the reference +to the history of Bishop Berkeley's giant, though it exists somewhere in +print. The subject of the experiment was a healthy boy, who died in the +end, in consequence of over-growth, promoted (as far as my recollection +serves me) principally by a peculiar diet. + +W(1). + + +_Becket's Mother._--I do not pretend to explain the facts mentioned by +MR. FOSS (Vol. ii., p. 106.), that the hospital founded in honour of +Becket was called "The Hospital of St. Thomas the Martyr, _of Acon_;" +and that he was himself styled "St. Thomas _Acrenis_, or _of Acre_;" but +I believe that the true explanation must be one which would not be a +hindrance to the rejection of the common story as to the Archbishop's +birth. _If_ these titles were intended to connect the Saint with Acre in +Syria, they may have originated after the legend had become popular. But +it seems to me more likely, that, like some other city churches and +chapels, that of St. Thomas got its designation from something quite +unconnected with the history of the patron. In particular, I would ask +what is the meaning of "St. Nicolas _Acons_?" And may not the same +explanation (whatever it be) serve for "St. Thomas _of Acon_?" Or the +hospital may have been built on some noted "acre" (like _Long Acre_ and +_Pedlars Acre_); and if afterwards churches in other places were +consecrated to St. Thomas under the designation "_of Acre_," (as to +which point I have no information), the churches of "our Lady _of +Loretto_," scattered over various countries, will supply a parallel. As +to the inference which Mr. Nichols (_Pilgrimages_, p. 120.) draws from +the name _Acrensis_, that Becket was _born at_ Acre, I must observe that +it introduces a theory which is altogether new, and not only opposed to +the opinion that the Archbishop was of English or Norman descent on both +sides, but _essentially_ contradictory of the legend as to the fair +Saracen who came from the East in search of her lover. + +J.C.R. + + +_Watching the Sepulchre_ (Vol. i., pp. 318. 354. 403.).--In the parish +books of Leicester various entries respecting the Sepulchre occur. In +the year 1546, when a sale took place of the furniture of St. Martin's +Church, the "Sepulchre light" was {271} sold to Richard Rainford for +21s. 10d. In the reign of Queen Mary gatherings were made for the +"Sepulchre lights;" timber for making the lights cost 5s.; the light +itself, 4s.; and painting the Sepulchre, and a cloth for "our lady's +altar," cost 1s. 10d. Facts like these might be multiplied. + +JAYTEE. + + +_Portraits of Charles I. in Churches_ (Vol. i., pp. 137. 184.).--In +reference to this I have to state, that in the south aisle of the church +of St. Martin, in Leicester, a painting of this kind is yet to be seen, +or was lately. It was executed by a Mr. Rowley, for 10l., in the year +1686. It represents the monarch in a kneeling attitude. + +JAYTEE. + + +_Joachim, the French Ambassador_ (Vol. ii., p. 229.).--In Rapin's +_History of England_ I find this ambassador described as "Jean-Joachim +de Passau, Lord of Vaux." This may assist AMICUS. + +J.B.C. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +The Rev. Mackenzie Walcott, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford, whose +pleasant gossiping _Memorials of Westminster_, and _History of St. +Margaret's Church_, are no doubt familiar to many of our readers, is, as +an old Wykehamist, collecting information for a "History of Commoners +and the Two S. Marie Winton Colleges;" and will feel obliged by lists of +illustrious alumni, and any notes, archaeological and historical, about +that noble school, which will be duly acknowledged. + +The _Cambrian Archaeological Association_, which was established in 1846 +for the purpose of promoting the study and preservation of the +antiquities of Wales and the Marches, held its fourth anniversary +meeting in the ancient and picturesque town of Dolgelly, during the week +commencing the 26th ultimo. The Association is endeavouring to extend +its usefulness by enlarging the number of its members; and as its +subscribing members receive in return for their yearly pound, not only +the Society's Journal, the _Archaeologia Cambrensis_ but also the annual +volume of valuable archaeological matter published by the Association, we +cannot doubt but their exertions will meet the sympathy and patronage of +all who take an interest in the national and historical remains of the +principality. + +The preceding paragraph was scarcely finished when we received proof of +the utility of the Association in Mr. Freeman's volume, entitled +_Remarks on the Architecture of Llandaff Cathedral, with an Essay +towards a History of the Fabric_--a volume which, as we learn from the +preface, had its origin in the observations on some of the more singular +peculiarities of the fabric made by the author at the Cardiff meeting of +the Association in 1849. These remarks were further developed in a paper +in the _Archaeologia Cambrensis_; and have now been expanded into the +present descriptive and historical account of a building which, to use +Mr. Freeman's words, "in many respects, both of its history and +architecture, stands quite alone among English churches." Mr. Freeman's +ability to do justice to such a subject is well known: and his work will +therefore assuredly find a welcome from the numerous body of students of +church architecture now to be found in this country; and to their +judgments we leave it. + +_Notes on Bishop Jeremy Taylor's Works._ A reprint being called for of +vol. vi. of the present edition of Bishop Taylor's works, the Editor +will be glad of any assistance towards verifying the references which +have been omitted. The volume is to go to press early in October. + +Messrs. Puttick and Simpson will commence on Monday next a six days' +sale of valuable books in all classes of literature; oriental, and other +manuscripts; autograph letters; engravings, miniatures, paintings, &c. + +Messrs. Southgate and Barrett will sell on Tuesday next some fine +portraits and engravings; together with a very interesting and extensive +collection of nearly 200 original proclamations (extending from 1631 to +1695), two books printed by Pynson, unknown to bibliographers (viz. +_Aphthonii Sophistae Praexercitamenta_ and _Ciceronis Orationes +Philippicae_ and a few valuable MSS). + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +ESSAYS, SCRIPTURAL, MORAL, AND LOGICAL, by W. and T. Ludlam. 2 vols. +8vo. London, 1807. + +ELDERFIELD (C.), DISQUISITIONS ON REGENERATION, BAPTISM, &c., 4to. +London, 1653. + +DODWELL (HENRY, M.A.), DISCOURSE PROVING FROM SCRIPTURES THAT THE SOUL +IS A PRINCIPLE NATURALLY MORTAL, &c. + +THE TALE OF A TUB REVERSED, for the universal Improvement of Mankind, +with a character of the Author. + +REFLECTIONS ON MR. BURCHET'S MEMOIRS, or, Remarks on his Account of +Captain Wilmot's Expedition to the West Indies, by Col. Luke +Lillingston. 1704. [Two copies wanted.] + +SEVEN CHAMPIONS OF CHRISTENDUM. [Any Edition before 1700.] + +CHAUCER'S CANTERBURY TALES AND OTHER POEMS, 2 vols. 12mo. [Cumberland's +Edition.] + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Notices to Correspondents. + +VOLUME THE FIRST OF NOTES AND QUERIES, _with Title-page and very copious +Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and may be had, by +order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured by the Trade at noon on Friday: so +that our country Subscribers ought to experience no difficulty in +receiving it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers are probably not +yet aware of this arrangement, which enables them to receive Copies in +their Saturday parcels._ + +W.A. _will find an article on_ "The Owl was once a Baker's Daughter," +_quoted by Shakspeare, in one of_ MR. THOMS' _Papers on the_ FOLK LORE +OF SHAKSPEARE, _published in the_ Athenaeum October and November 1847. + + * * * * * {272} + +JUNIUS IDENTIFIED. + +In One Volume 8vo., price 6s., bds., (published in 1818 at 14s.). JUNIUS +IDENTIFIED with SIR PHILIP FRANCIS. By JOHN TAYLOR. Second Edition, with +the Appendix, containing the Plates of Handwriting. + +London: TAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, 28. Upper Gower-street; and 27. Ivy +Lane, Paternoster Row. + + * * * * * + +AMERICA AND IRELAND.--MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, Number XI. for 1850, +contains many curious and interesting books on the above Countries with +the usual valuable Miscellanies in all departments, Published this day, +GRATIS. + +The following Books may also be had of him:-- + +BALLAD ROMANCES, by R. H. HORNE, Esq., author of "Orion." +&c.--Containing the Noble Heart, a Bohemian Legend--The Monk of +Swinstead Abbey, a Ballad Chronicle of the Death of King John--The Three +Knights of Camelott, a Fairy Tale--The Ballad of Delora, or the Passion +of Andrea Como--Red Gelert, a Welsh Legend--Ben Capstan, A Ballad of the +Night Watch--The Elf of the Woodlands, a Child's Story, fcap. 8vo, +elegantly printed and bound in cloth, 248 pages, only 2s. 6d. + +CRITICISMS AND ESSAYS On the Writings of Atherstone, Blair, Bowles, Sir +E. Brydges, Carlyle, Carrington, Coleridge, Cowper, Croly, Gillfillian, +Graham, Hazlitt, Heber, Heraud, Harvey, Irving, Keats, Miller, Pollock, +Tighe, Wordsworth, and other Modern Writers, by the Rev. J.W. LESTER, +B.A., royal 8vo., 100 pages of closely printed letterpress, originally +published at 5s., reduced to 1s. 3d. 1848. + +"We give our cordial subscription to the general scope and tenor of his +views, which are in the main promulgated with a perspicuity and +eloquence not always found in the same individual."--_Church of England +Quarterly Review._ + +"Mr. Lester's volume is one of superior merit, and deserves a high rank +among works of its class."--_Tail's Edinburgh Review._ + +"He is the pioneer of the beautiful."--_Manchester Examiner._ + +FALLACY OF GHOSTS, DREAMS, AND OMENS, with Stories of Witchcraft, Life +in Death, and Monomania, by CHARLES OLLIER, 12mo., cloth. gilt, with +Illustrations by G. Measom, 250 pages of amusing letterpress, only 2s. + +JOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos-street, Trafalgar-square. + + * * * * * + +Old Engravings, early Printed Books, Manuscripts, &c. + +SOUTHGATE and BARRETT will SELL by AUCTION, at their Rooms, 22. +Fleet-street, on Tuesday, September 24, at 12. PORTRAITS and ENGRAVlNGS. +incliding many proofs, a very interesting and extensive collection of +original proclamations, two books printed by Pynson unknown to +bibliographers: also a few very valuable Manuscripts relating to the +counties of Stafford, Salon, Leicester, Wilts, &c., ancient statutes +upon vellum. heraldic MSS., &c. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, 8vo., price 8s., with numerous Illustrations by Messrs. +O. Jerrit and H. Shaw, + +REMARKS ON THE ARCHITECTURE OF LLANDAFF CATHEDRAL; with an Essay towards +a History of the Fabric. By EDWARD A. FREEMAN, M.A., late Fellow of +Trinity College, Oxford; author of the "History of Architecture." + +London: W. PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. Tenby: R. MASON. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, price 5s., in post 8vo., cloth lettered; if sent by +Post. 6s. + +THE POPE; Considered in his RELATIONS WITH THE CHURCH, TEMPORAL +SOVEREIGNTIES, SEPARATED CHURCHES, and the CAUSE OF CIVILISATION. By +COUNT JOSEPH DE MAISTRE. Translated by the Rev. AENEAS MC D. DAWSON. +Embellished with a Portrait of His Holiness Pope Pius IX. + +London: C. DOLMAN, 61. New Bond-street; and 48A. Paternoster Row. + + * * * * * + +THE PARLOUR LIBRARY, One Shilling each Volume. + +The Publishers beg to state that all G.P.R. JAMES's works lately out of +print are again reprinted, and may be had of every bookseller and at all +the railway stations. Works by the following popular authors have also +been published in the "Parlour Library:"-- + +A. Lamartine +G.P.R. James +Washington Irving +Miss Mitford +Author of "Emilia Wyndham" +Miss Austen +William Carleton +Gerald Griffin +Mary Howitt +T.C. Grattan +Mrs. S.C. Hall +Rodolph Toppfer +Leitch Ritchie +The O'Hara Family +W. Meinhold +Alex. Dumas + +SIMMS and M'INTYRE, 13. Paternoster Row, London, and Belfast. Sold at +all the Railway Stations. + + * * * * * + +Published by GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet-street. + +Now ready, 1 vol. 8vo., with etched Frontispiece, by Wehnert, and Eight +Engravings, price 15s. + +SABRINAE COROLLA: a Volume Of Classical Translations with original +Compositions contributed by Gentlemen educated at Shrewsbury School. + +Among the Contributors are the Head Masters of Shrewsbury. Stanford, +Repton, Birmingham, and Uppingham Schools; Andrew Lawson, Esq., late +M.P; the Rev. R. Shilleto, Cambridge; the Rev. T.S. Evans, Rugby; J. +Riddell, Esq., Fellow of Baliol College, Oxford; the Rev. E.M. Cope, +H.J. Hodgson, Esq., H.A.J. Munro, Esq., W.G. Clark, Esq., Fellows of +Trinity College, Cambridge, and many other distinguished Scholars from +both Universities. + +The Work is edited by three of the principal Contributors. + +"Highly creditable to the Scholarship of Shrewsbury, and indeed of +England, and we wish it heartily success."--_Guardian._ + +RULES FOR OVIDIAN VERSE, with some Hints on the Transition to the +Virgilian Hexameter, and an Introductory Preface. Edited by JAMES TATE, +A.M., Master of the Grammar School, Richmond. 8vo. sewed, 1s. 6d. + +FIRST STEPS TO LATIN VERSIFICATION, being an Analysis of the Scansion +and Structure of the Ovidian Verse. Price 6d. on sheet; folded in cloth, +1s. + +Just Published, fcp. 8vo., price 4s. 6d., cloth, + +CICERONIS CATO MAJOR, sive de Senectute, Laelius, site de Amicitia. et +Epistolae Selectae; with English Notes and an Index. By GEORGE LONG. Being +a second volume of the Grammar School Classics. + +"Mr. George Long has edited the De Senectute, and De Amicitia, together +with some of the Epistles of Cicero, and has contributed a very clever +preface upon the best way of teaching foreign, and especially classical, +languages. Mr. Long's ability and reputation render any writing of his +important, and his name is a pledge for the accuracy and value of the +edition."--_Guardian._ + +Also, a new edition, price 5s., + +XENOPHON'S ANABASIS, with English Notes and Three Maps. By the Rev. J.F. +MACMICHAEL, Master of the Grammar School, Burton-on-Trent. Being the +first volume of Grammar School Classics. + +"We can confidently recommend this as the best school edition, and we +feel certain that it will satisfy every reasonable demand that can be +made."--_Classical Museum._ + +12mo., cloth, 2s. 6d. + +SELECTIONS FROM OVID; AMORES, TRISTIA, HEROIDES, METAMORPHOSES: with +prefatory remarks. This Selection is intended to afford an introduction, +at once easy and unobjectionable, to a knowledge of the Latin Language, +after a boy has become well acquainted with the declensions of nouns and +pronouns, and the ordinary forms of verbs. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, September 21. 1850. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 47, Saturday, +September 21, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 47, *** + +***** This file should be named 13936.txt or 13936.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.net/1/3/9/3/13936/ + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team, and The Internet Library of Early Journals + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.net/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.net), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.net + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. |