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| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 04:43:15 -0700 |
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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 04:43:15 -0700 |
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diff --git a/13936-h/13936-h.htm b/13936-h/13936-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a165655 --- /dev/null +++ b/13936-h/13936-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1993 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" +"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> +<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Notes And Queries, Issue 47.</title> + +<style type="text/css"> + + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.adverts {width: 100%; height: 5px; color: black;} + html>body hr.adverts {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.short {text-align: center; width: 20%;} + html>body hr.short {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;} + + + .note, .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; + font-size: 0.9em;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; + text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 4em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 6em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 8em;} + .poem p.i10 {margin-left: 10em;} + .poem .caesura {vertical-align: -200%;} + + span.pagenum {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; + font-size: 8pt;} + + p.author {text-align: right;} + +</style> +</head> +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13936 ***</div> + +<h1><span class="pagenum"><a id="page257" name= "page257"></a></span>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> +<hr class="full" /> +<table summary="masthead" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td align="left"><b>No. 47.</b></td> +<td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, +1850</b></td> +<td align="right"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> +Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> +<table summary=""> +<tr> +<td align="left">NOTES:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Old Songs</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page257">257</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">"Junius Identified." by J. Taylor</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page258">258</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Folk Lore:—Spiders a Cure for +Ague—Funeral Superstition—Folk Lore Rhymes</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page259">259</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">On a Passage in the Tempest, by S.W. Singer</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page259">259</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Punishment of Death of Burning</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page260">260</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Note on Morganatic Marriages</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page261">261</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Notes:—Alderman Beckford—Frozen +Horn—Inscription translated—Parallel +Passages—Note on George Herbert's Poems—"Crede quod +habes"—Grant to Earl of Sussex—First Woman formed from +a Rib—Beau Brummell's Ancestry</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page262">262</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Gray's Elegy and Dodsley's Poems</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page264">264</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Hugh Holland and his Works, by E.F. Rimbault, +L.L.D.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page265">265</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Harvey and the Circulation of the Blood</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page266">266</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Queries:—Bernardus +Patricius—Meaning of Hanger—Cat and +Bagpipes—Andrew Becket—Laurence Minot—Modena +Family—Bamboozle—Butcher's Blue Dress—Hatchment +and Atchievement—"Te colui Virtutem"—"Illa suavissima +Vita"—Christianity, Early Influence of—Meaning of +Wraxen—Saint, Legend of a—Land +Holland—Farewell—Stepony Ale—"Regis ad +Exemplar"—La Caronacquerie—Rev. T. +Tailer—Mistletoe as a Christmas Evergreen—Poor Robin's +Almanacks—Sirloin—Thompson of Esholt</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page266">266</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">REPLIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Replies to Minor +Queries:—Pension—Execution of Charles I.—Paper +Hangings—Black-guard—Pilgrims' Road—Combs buried +with the Dead—Aërostation—St. Thomas of +Lancaster—Smoke Money—Robert +Herrich—Guildhalls—Abbé Strickland—Long +Conkin—Havock—Becket's Mother—Watching the +Sepulchre—Portraits of Charles I.—Joachim, the French +Ambassador</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page269">269</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page271">271</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes Wanted</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page271">271</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page271">271</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Advertisements</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page272">272</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>NOTES.</h2> +<h3>OLD SONGS.</h3> +<p>I heard, "in other days," a father singing a comic old song to +one of his children, who was sitting on his knee. This was in +Yorkshire: and yet it could hardly be a Yorkshire song, as the +scene was laid in another county. It commenced with—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Randle O'Shay has sold his mare</p> +<p>For nineteen groats at Warrin'ton fair,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>and goes on to show how the simpleton was cheated out of his +money.</p> +<p>I find in Hasted's <i>History of Kent</i> (vol. i. p. 468., 2nd +edit.) mention made of the family of Shaw, who held the manor of +Eltham, &c., and who "derive themselves from the county +palatine of Chester." It is further stated that <i>Randal de +Shaw</i>, his son, was settled at Haslington Hall in that +county.</p> +<p>All, indeed, that this proves is, the probability of the hero of +the song being also a native of Cheshire, or one of the adjacent +counties; and that the legend is a truth, even as to names as well +as general facts. The song is worthy of recovery and preservation, +as a remnant of English character and manners; and I have only +referred to Hasted to point out the probable district in which it +will be found.</p> +<p>There are many other characteristics of the manners of the +humbler classes to be found in songs that had great local +popularity within the period of living memory; for instance, the +<i>Wednesbury Cocking</i> amongst the colliers of Staffordshire and +<i>Rotherham Status</i> amongst the cutlers of Sheffield. Their +language, it is true, is not always very delicate—perhaps was +not even at the time these songs were composed,—as they +picture rather the exuberant freaks of a half-civilised people than +the better phases of their character. Yet even these form "part and +parcel" of the history of "the true-born Englishman."</p> +<p>One song more may be noticed here:—the rigmarole, snatches +of which probably most of us have heard, which contains an immense +number of mere truisms having no connexion with each others, and no +bond of union but the metrical form in which their juxtaposition is +effected, and the rhyme, which is kept up very well throughout, +though sometimes by the introduction of a nonsense line. Who does +not remember—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"A yard of pudding's not an ell,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>or</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Not forgetting <i>dytherum di</i>,</p> +<p>A tailor's goose can never fly,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>and other like parts?</p> +<p>It is just such a piece of burlesque as Swift might have +written: but many circumstances lead me to think it must be much +older. Has it ever been printed?</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page258" id= "page258"></a></span>There is +another old (indeed an evidently very ancient) song, +which I do not remember to have seen in print, or even referred to +in print. None of the books into which I have looked, from deeming +them likely to contain it, make the least reference to this song. I +have heard it in one of the midland counties, and in one of the +western, both many years ago; but I have not heard it in London or +any of the metropolitan districts. The song begins thus:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"London Bridge is broken down,</p> +<p class="i2">Dance over my Lady Lea:</p> +<p>London Bridge is broken down,</p> +<p class="i2">With a gay ladée."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>This must surely refer to some event preserved in +history,—may indeed be well known to well-read antiquaries, +though so totally unknown to men whose general pursuits (like my +own) have lain in other directions. The present, however, is an age +for "popularising" knowledge; and your work has assumed that task +as one of its functions.</p> +<p>The difficulties attending such inquiries as arise out of +matters so trivial as an old ballad, are curiously illustrated by +the answers already printed respecting the "wooing frog." In the +first place, it was attributed to times within living memory; then +shown to exceed that period, and supposed to be very +old,—even as old as the Commonwealth, or, perhaps, as the +Reformation. This is objected to, from "the style and wording of +the song being evidently of a much later period than the age of +Henry VIII.;" and Buckingham's "mad" scheme of taking Charles into +Spain to woo the infanta is substituted. This is enforced by the +"burden of the song;" whilst another correspondent considers this +"chorus" to be an old one, analogous to "Down derry +down:"—that is, M. denies the force of MR. MAHONY's +explanation altogether!</p> +<p>(Why MR. MAHONY calls a person in his "sixth decade" a +"sexagenarian" he best knows. Such is certainly not the ordinary +meaning of the term he uses. His pun is good, however.)</p> +<p>Then comes the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT, with a very decisive proof +that neither in the time of James I., nor of the Commonwealth, +could it have originated. His transcript from Mr. Collier's +<i>Extracts</i> carries it undeniably back to the middle of the +reign of Elizabeth. Of course, it is interesting to find +intermediate versions or variations of the ballad, and even the +adaptation of its framework to other ballads of recent times, such +as "Heigho! says Kemble,"—one of the Drury Lane "O.P. Row" +ballads (<i>Rejected Addresses</i>, last ed., or Cunningham's +<i>London</i>). Why the conjecture respecting Henry VIII. is so +contemptuously thrown aside as a "fancy," I do not see. A +<i>fancy</i> is a dogma taken up without proof, and in the teeth of +obvious probability,—tenaciously adhered to, and all +investigation eschewed. This at least is the ordinary signification +of the term, in relation to the search after truth. How far my own +conjecture, or the mode of putting it, fulfills these conditions, +it is not necessary for me to discuss: but I hope the usefulness +and interest of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" will not be marred by any +discourtesy of one correspondent towards another.</p> +<p>At the same time, the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT has done the most +essential service to this inquiry by his extract from Mr. Collier, +as the question is thereby inclosed within exceedingly narrow +limits. But if the ballad do not refer to Henry VIII., to whom can +it be referred with greater probability? It is too much to assume +that all the poetry, wit, and talent of the Tudor times were +confined to the partizans of the Tudor cause, religious or +political. We <i>know</i>, indeed, the contrary. But for his +communication, too, the singular coincidence of two such +characteristic words of the song in the "Poley Frog" (in the same +number of the "NOTES AND QUERIES") might have given rise to another +conjecture: but the <i>date</i> excludes its further +consideration.</p> +<p>I may add, that since this has been mooted, an Irish gentleman +has told me that the song was familiar enough in Dublin; and he +repeated some stanzas of it, which were considerably different from +the version of W.A.G., and the chorus the same as in the common +English version. I hope presently to receive a complete copy of it: +which, by the bye, like everything grotesquely humorous in Ireland, +was attributed to the author of <i>Gulliver's Travels</i>.</p> +<p class="author">T.S.D.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>"JUNIUS IDENTIFIED."</h3> +<p>It is fortunate for my reputation that I am still living to +vindicate my title to the authorship of my own book, which seems +otherwise in danger of being taken from me.</p> +<p>I can assure your correspondent R.J. (Vol. ii., p. 103.) that I +was not only "literally <i>the writer</i>," (as he kindly suggests, +with a view of saving my credit for having put my name to the +book), but in its fullest sense <i>the author of "Junius +Identified"</i>; and that I never received the slightest assistance +from Mr. Dubois, or any other person, either in collecting or +arranging the evidence, or in the composition and correction of the +work. After I had completed my undertaking, I wrote to Mr. Dubois +to ask if he would allow me to see the handwriting of Sir Philip +Francis, that I might <span class="pagenum"><a name="page259" id= +"page259"></a></span> compare it with the published +fac-similes of the handwriting of Junius; but he refused my +request. His letter alone disproved the notion entertained by R.J. +and others, that Mr. Dubois was in any degree connected with me, or +with the authorship of the work in question.</p> +<p>With regard to the testimony of Lord Campbell, I wrote to his +lordship in February, 1848, requesting his acceptance of a copy of +<i>Junius Identified</i>, which I thought he might not have seen; +and having called his attention to my name at the end of the +preface, I begged he would, when opportunity offered, correct his +error in having attributed the work to Mr. Dubois. I was satisfied +with his lordship's reply, which was to the effect that he was +ashamed of his mistake, and would take care to correct it. No new +edition of that series of the <i>Lives of the Chancellors</i>, +which contains the "Life of Lord Loughborough," has since been +published. The present edition is dated 1847.</p> +<p>R.J. says further, that "the late Mr. George Woodfall always +spoke of the <i>pamphlet</i> as the work of Dubois;" and that Sir +Fortunatus Dwarris states, "the <i>pamphlet</i> is said, I know not +with what truth, to have been prepared under the eye of Sir Philip +Francis, it may be through the agency of Dubois." If <i>Junius +Identified</i> be alluded to in these observations as a +<i>pamphlet</i>, it would make me doubt whether R.J., or either of +his authorities, ever saw the book. It is an 8vo. vol. The first +edition, containing 380 pages, was published in 1816, at +12<i>s.</i> The second edition, which included the supplement, +exceeded 400 pages, and was published in 1818, at 14<i>s.</i> The +supplement, which contains the plates of handwriting, was sold +separately at 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, to complete the first edition, +but this could not have been the pamphlet alluded to in the +preceding extracts. I suspect that when the work is spoken of as a +pamphlet, and this if often done, the parties thus describing it +have known it only through the medium of the critique in the +<i>Edinburgh Review</i>.</p> +<p>Mr. Dubois was the author of the biography of Sir Philip +Francis, first printed in the <i>Monthly Mirror</i> for May and +June, 1810, and reprinted in <i>Junius Identified</i>, with +acknowledgment of the source from which it was taken. To this +biography the remarks of Sir Fortunatus Dwarris are strictly +applicable, except that it never appeared in the form of a +pamphlet.</p> +<p class="author">JOHN TAYLOR.</p> +<p>30. Upper Gower Street, Sept. 7. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> +<p><i>Spiders a Cure for Ague</i> (Vol. ii., p. 130.).—Seeing +a note on this subject reminds me that a few years since, a lady in +the south of Ireland was celebrated far and near, amongst her +poorer neighbours, for the cure of this disorder. Her universal +remedy was a large house-spider alive, and enveloped in treacle or +preserve. Of course the parties were carefully kept in ignorance of +what the wonderful remedy was.</p> +<p>Whilst I am on the subject of cures, I may as well state that in +parts of the co. Carlow, the blood drawn from a black cat's ear, +and rubbed upon the part affected, is esteemed a certain cure for +St. Anthony's fire.</p> +<p class="author">JUNIOR.</p> +<p><i>Funeral Superstition.</i>—A few days ago the body of a +gentleman in this neighbourhood was conveyed to the hearse, and +while being placed in it, the door of the house, whether from +design or inadvertence I know not, was closed before the friends +came out to take their places in the coaches. An old lady, who was +watching the proceedings, immediately exclaimed, "God bless me! +they have closed the door upon the corpse: there will be another +death in that house before many days are over." She was fully +impressed with this belief, and unhappily this impression has been +confirmed. The funeral was on Saturday, and on the Monday morning +following a young man, resident in the house, was found dead in +bed, having died under the influence of chloroform, which he had +inhaled, self-administered, to relieve the pain of toothache or +tic-douloureux.</p> +<p>Perhaps the superstition may have come before you already; but +not having met with it myself, I thought it might be equally new to +others.</p> +<p class="author">H.J.</p> +<p>Sheffield.</p> +<hr /> +<p><i>Folk Lore Rhymes.</i>—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Find odd-leafed ash, and even-leafed clover,</p> +<p>And you'll see your true love before the day's over."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>If you wish to see your lover, throw salt on the fire every +morning for nine days, and say—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"It is not salt I mean to burn,</p> +<p>But my true lover's heart I mean to turn;</p> +<p>Wishing him neither joy nor sleep,</p> +<p>Till he come back to me and speak."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"If you marry in Lent,</p> +<p>You will live to repent."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">WEDSECNARF.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>EMENDATION OF A PASSAGE IN THE "TEMPEST."</h3> +<p>Premising that I should approach the text of our great poet with +an almost equal degree of awful reverence with that which +characterises his two latest editors, I must confess that I should +not have the same respect for evident errors of the printers of the +early editions, which they have occasionally shown. In the +following passage in the <i>Tempest</i>, Act i., Scene 1., this +forbearance has not, however, been the cause of the very +unsatisfactory state in which they have both left it. I +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page260" id= +"page260"></a></span> must be indulged in citing at length, +that the context may the more clearly show what was really the +poet's meaning:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Enter FERDINAND <i>bearing a Log</i>.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"<i>Fer.</i> There be some sports are painful; and their +labour</p> +<p>Delight in them sets off; some kinds of baseness</p> +<p>Are nobly undergone; and most poor matters</p> +<p>Point to rich ends. This my mean task</p> +<p>Would be as heavy to me, as odious; but</p> +<p>The mistress, which I serve, quickens what's dead,</p> +<p>And makes my labours pleasures: O! she is</p> +<p>Ten times more gentle than her father's crabbed;</p> +<p>And he's composed of harshness. I must remove</p> +<p>Some thousands of these logs, and pile them up,</p> +<p>Upon a sore injunction: My sweet mistress</p> +<p>Weeps when she sees me work; and says such business</p> +<p>Had never like executor. I forget:</p> +<p>But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours;</p> +<p>Most busy lest when I do it."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Mr. Collier reads these last two lines thus—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours;</p> +<p>Most busy, least when I do it."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>with the following note—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The meaning of this passage seems to have been misunderstood by +all the commentators. Ferdinand says that the thoughts of Miranda +so refresh his labours, that when he is most busy he seems to feel +his toil <i>least</i>. It is printed in the folio 1623,—</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>'Most busy <i>lest</i> when I do it,'</p> +</div> +</div> +<blockquote> +<p>—a trifling error of the press corrected in the folio +1632, although Theobald tells us that both the oldest editions read +<i>lest</i>. Not catching the poet's meaning, he +printed,—</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>'Most busy-<i>less</i> when I do it,'</p> +</div> +</div> +<blockquote> +<p>and his supposed emendation has ever since been taken as the +text; even Capell adopted it. I am happy in having Mr. Amyot's +concurrence in this restoration."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Mr. Knight adopts Theobald's reading, and Mr. Dyce approves it +in the following words:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"When Theobald made the emendation, 'Most busy-<i>less</i>,' he +observed that 'the corruption was so very little removed from the +truth of the text, that he could not afford to think well of his +own sagacity for having discovered it.' The correction is, indeed, +so obvious that we may well wonder that it had escaped his +predecessors; but we must wonder ten times more that one of his +successors, in a blind reverence for the old copy, should +re-vitiate the text, and defend a corruption which outrages +language, taste, and common sense."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Although at an earlier period of life I too adopted Theobald's +supposed emendation, it never satisfied me. I have my doubts +whether the word <i>busyless</i> existed in the poet's time; and if +it did, whether he could possibly have used it here. Now it is +clear that <i>labours</i> is a misprint for <i>labour</i>; else, to +what does "when I do <i>it</i>" refer? <i>Busy lest</i> is only a +typographical error for <i>busyest</i>: the double superlative was +commonly used, being considered as more emphatic, by the poet and +his contemporaries.</p> +<p>Thus in Hamlet's letter, Act ii. Sc. 2.:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"I love thee best, O <i>most best</i>."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>and in <i>King Lear</i>, Act ii. Sc. 3.:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"To take the basest and <i>most poorest</i> shape."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The passage will then stand thus:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"But these sweet thoughts, do even refresh my labour,</p> +<p>Most busiest when I do it."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The sense will be perhaps more evident by a mere transposition, +preserving every word:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"But these sweet thoughts, most busiest when I do</p> +<p>My labour, do even refresh it."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Here we have a clear sense, devoid of all ambiguity, and +confirmed by what precedes; that his labours are made pleasures, +being beguiled by these sweet thoughts of his mistress, which are +busiest when he labours, because it excites in his mind the memory +of her "weeping to see him work." The correction has also the +recommendation of being effected in so simple a manner as by merely +taking away two superfluous letters. I trust I need say no more; +secure of the approbation of those who (to use the words of an +esteemed friend on another occasion) feel "that making an opaque +spot in a great work transparent is not a labour to be scorned, and +that there is a pleasant sympathy between the critic and +bard—dead though he be—on such occasions, which is an +ample reward."</p> +<p class="author">S.W. SINGER</p> +<p>Mickleham, Aug 30. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>PUNISHMENT OF DEATH BY BURNING.</h3> +<h4>(Vol. ii., pp. 6. 50. 90. 165.)</h4> +<p>In the "NOTES AND QUERIES" of Saturday, the 10th of August, +SENEX gives some account of the burning of a female in the Old +Bailey, "about the year 1788."</p> +<p>Having myself been present at the last execution of a female in +London, where the body was burnt (being probably that to which +SENEX refers), and as few persons who were then present may now be +alive, I beg to mention some circumstances relative to that +execution, which appear to be worthy of notice.</p> +<p>Our criminal law was then most severe and cruel: the legal +punishment of females convicted of high treason and petty treason +was burning; coining was held to be high treason; and murder of a +husband was petty treason.</p> +<p>I see it stated in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, that on the +13th of March, 1789,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The Recorder of London made his report to His Majesty of the +prisoners under sentence of death in Newgate, convicted in the +Sessions of September, October, November, and January (forty-six in +number), <span class="pagenum"><a name="page261" id= +"page261"></a></span> fourteen of whom were ordered for +execution; five of whom were afterwards reprieved."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The recorder's report in regard to these unfortunate persons had +been delayed during the incapacity of the king; thus the report for +four sessions had been made at once. To have decided at one sitting +of council upon such a number of cases, must have almost been +enough to overset the strongest mind. Fortunately, these reports +are now abolished.</p> +<p>In the same number of the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, under +date the 18th of March, there is this statement,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The nine following malefactors were executed before the +Debtors' Door at Newgate pursuant to their sentence, viz., Hugh +Murphy and Christian Murphy <i>alias</i> Bowman, Jane Grace, and +Joseph Walker, for coining. [Four for burglary, and one for highway +robbery.] They were brought upon the scaffold, about half an hour +after seven, and <i>turned off</i> about a quarter past eight. The +woman for coining was brought out after the rest were turned off, +and fixed to a stake and burnt; being first strangled by the stool +being taken from under her."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This is the execution at which I was present; the number of +those who suffered, and the burning of the female, attracted a very +great crowd. Eight of the malefactors suffered on the scaffold, +then known as "the new drop." After they were suspended, the woman, +in a white dress, was brought out of Newgate alone; and after some +time spent in devotion, was hung on the projecting arm of a low +gibbet, fixed at a little distance from the scaffold. After the +lapse of a sufficient time to extinguish life, faggots were piled +around her, and over her head, so that her person was completely +covered: fire was then set to the pile, and the woman was consumed +to ashes.</p> +<p>In the following year, 1790, I heard sentence passed in the +Criminal Court, in the Old Bailey, upon other persons convicted of +coining: one of them was a female. The sentence upon her was, that +she should be "drawn to the place of execution, and there burnt +with fire till she was dead."</p> +<p>The case of this unfortunate woman, and the cruel state of the +law in regard to females, then attracted attention. On the 10th of +May, 1790, Sir Benjamin Hammett, in his place in the House of +Commons, called the attention of that House to the then state of +the law. He mentioned that it had been his official duty to attend +on the melancholy occasion of the burning of the female in the +preceding year (it is understood he was then one of the sheriffs of +London), he moved for leave to bring in a bill to alter the law, +which he characterised as—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"One of the savage remains of Norman policy, disgracing our +statute book, as the practice did the common law."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>He noticed that the sheriff who did not execute the sentence of +burning alive was liable to a prosecution; but he thanked Heaven +there was not a man in England who would carry such a sentence into +effect. He obtained leave to bring in a bill for altering this +cruel law; and in that session the Act 30 G. III. c. 48. was +passed—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"For discontinuing the judgment which has been required by law +to be given against women convicted of certain crimes, and +substituting another judgment in lieu thereof."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>A debt of gratitude is due to the memory of Sir Benjamin +Hammett, for his exertions, at that period, in the cause of +humanity. Thank God, we now live in times when the law is less +cruel, and more chary of human life.</p> +<p class="author">OCTOGENARIUS.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>A NOTE ON MORGANATIC MARRIAGES.</h3> +<p>Grimm (<i>Deutsche Rechts Alterthumer</i>, vol. ii., p. 417.), +after a long dissertation, in which it appears that the money paid +by the bridegroom to the wife's relations (I believe subsequently +also to the wife herself) had every form of a <i>purchase</i>, +possibly derived also from some <i>symbolic</i> customs common to +all northern tribes, offers the following as the origin of this +word "morganatic:"—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Es gab aber im Alterthum noch einen erlaubten Ausweg für +die Verbindung vorneluner Männer mit geringen (freien und +selbst unfreien) Frauen, den <i>Concubinat</i>, der ohne +feierliches Verlöbniss, ohne <i>Brautgabe</i> und +<i>Mitgift</i> eingegangen wurde, mithin <i>keine wahre und volle +Ehe</i>, dennoch ein rechtmässiges Verhältniss war.</p> +<p>"Da jedoch die Kirche ein solches Verhältniss missbilligte +durch keine Einsegnung weihte, so wurde es allmählich +unerlaubt und verboten als Ausnahme aber bis auf die neueste Zeit +für Fürsten zugelassen—ja durch Trauung an die +linke Hand gefeiert. Die Benennung Morganatische +Ehe,—Matrimonium ad Morganaticam (11. Feud. 29.), rührt +daher, dass <i>den Concubinen</i> eine <i>Morgangabe</i> (woraus im +Mittelalter die Lombarden '<i>Morganatica</i>' +machten)—bewilligt zu werden pflegte—<i>es waren Ehen +auf blosse Morgengabe</i>. Den Beweis liefern Urkunden, die +Morganatica für Morgengabe auch in Fallen gebrauchen wo von +wahrer Ehe die Rede ist." (See Heinecius, <i>Antiq</i>. 3. 157, +158.)</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The case now stands thus:</p> +<p>It was the custom to give money to the wife's relations on the +marriage-day.</p> +<p>It was not the custom with respect to unequal marriage +(Misheirath): this took place "ohne Brautgabe und Mitgift," which +was also of later origin.</p> +<p>The exception made by the Church for <i>princes</i>, restored +the woman so far, that the marriage was legally and morally +recognised by the Lombard law and the Church, with exceptions as +regards <i>issue</i>, and that the left hand was given for the +<i>right</i>.</p> +<p>With regard to this latter, it would be desirable <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page262" id="page262"></a></span> to trace +whether giving of the hand had any <i>symbolic</i> meaning. I think +the astrologists consider the right as the nobler part of the body; +if so, giving of <i>the left</i> in this case is not without +symbolic significance. It must be remembered how much symbolism +prevailed among the tribes which swept Europe on the fall of the +Roman empire, and their Eastern origin.</p> +<p>The Morgengabe, according to Cancianus (<i>Leges Barbarorum</i>, +tom. iv. p. 24.), was at first a <i>free gift</i> made by the +husband after the first marriage night. This was carried to such +excess, that Liutprand ordained</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Tamen ipsum Morgengabe volumus, ut non sit amplius nisi quarta +pars ejus substantia, qui ipsum Morgengabe dedit."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This became subsequently converted into a <i>right</i> termed +<i>justitia</i>.</p> +<p>Upon this extract from a charter,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Manifesta causa est mihi, quoniam die ilio quando te sposavi, +promiseram tibi dare <i>justitiam</i> tuam secundum <i>legem +meam</i> [qr. <i>my Lombard</i> law in opposition to the Roman, +which he had a right to choose,] in Morgencap, id est, quartam +portionem omnium rerum mobilium et immobilium," &c.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Cancianus thus comments:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Animadverte, quam recte charta hæc cum supra alligatis +formulis conveniat. Sponsus promiserat Morgencap, quando feminam +desponsaverat, inde vero ante conjugium chartam conscribit: et quod +et Liutprandi lege, et ex antiquis moribus <i>Donum</i> fuit mere +gratuitum, hic appellatur <i>Justitia</i> secundum legem +Langobardorum."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The Morgencap here assumes, I apprehend, somewhat the form of +<i>dower</i>. That it was so, is very doubtful. (Grimm, vol. ii. p. +441. "Morgengabe.")</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"An demselben Morgen empfängt die JungFrau von ihrem Gemahl +ein ansehnliches Geschenk, welches Morgengabe heisst. Schon in der +Pactio Guntherammi et Childeberti, werden Dos und Morganagiba +<i>unterschieden</i>, ebenso <i>Leg. Rip.</i> 37. 2. <i>Alaman</i>. +56. 1, 2. Dos und Morgangeba; <i>Lex Burgend.</i> 42. 2. Morgangeba +und das 'pretium nuptiale;' bei den Langobarden, 'Meta und +Morgengab.'"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I do not say this answers the question of your correspondent G., +which is, what is the <i>derivation</i> of the word?</p> +<p>Its actual signification, I think, means left-handed; but to +think is not to resolve, and the question is open to the charitable +contributions of your learned and able supporters.</p> +<p>As regards the Fairy Morgana, who was married to a mortal, I +confess, with your kind permission, I had rather not accept her as +a satisfactory reply. It is as though you would accept "once upon a +time" as a chronological date! She was <i>married</i> to a +mortal—true; but <i>morganatically</i>, I doubt it. If +morganatic came from this, it should appear the <i>Fairy +Morgana</i> was the <i>first lady</i> who so underwent the +ceremony. Do not forget Lurline, who married also a mortal, of whom +the poet so prettily sings:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i10">"Lurline hung her head,</p> +<p class="i10">Turned pale, and then red;</p> +<p>And declared his abruptness in popping the question</p> +<p>So soon after dinner had spoilt her digestion."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>This lady's marriage resembled the other in all respects, and I +leave you to decide, and no man is more competent, from your +extensive knowledge of the mythology of Medieval Europe, whether +Morgana, beyond the mere accident of her name, was more likely than +Lurline to have added a word with a puzzling etymology to the +languages of Europe. The word will, I think, be found of Eastern +origin, clothed in a Teutonic form.</p> +<p>After all, Jacob Grimm and Cancianus may interest your readers, +and so I send the Note.</p> +<p class="author">S.H.</p> +<p>Athenæum, Sept. 6. 1850</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MINOR NOTES.</h3> +<p><i>Alderman Beckford.</i>—Gifford (<i>Ben Jonson</i>, vol. +vi. p. 481.) has the following note:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The giants of Guildhall, thank heaven, yet defend their charge: +it only remains to wish that the citizens may take example by the +fate of Holmeby, and not expose them to an attack to which they +will assuredly be found unequal. It is not altogether owing to +their wisdom that this has not already taken place. For twenty +years they were chained to the car of a profligate buffoon, who +dragged them through every species of ignominy to the verge of +rebellion; and their hall is even yet disgraced with the statue of +a worthless negro-monger, in the act of insulting their sovereign +with a speech of which (factious and brutal as he was) <i>he never +uttered one syllable</i>." ... "By my troth, captain, these are +very bitter words."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>But Gifford was <i>generally</i> correct in his assertions; and +twenty-two years after <i>his</i> note, I made the following +one:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"It is a curious fact, but a true one, that Beckford <i>did not +utter one syllable of this speech</i>. It was penned by Horne +Tooke, and by his art put on the records of the city and on +Beckford's statue, as he told me, Mr. Braithwaite, Mr. Seyers, +&c., at the Athenian Club.</p> +<p>"ISAAC REED.</p> +<p>"See the <i>Times</i> Of July 23. 1838, p. 6."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The worshipful Company of Ironmongers have <i>relegated +their</i> statue from their hall to a lower position: but it still +disgraces the Guildhall, and will continue to do so, as long as any +factious demagogue is permitted to have a place among its +members.</p> +<p class="author">L.S.</p> +<p><i>The Frozen Horn.</i>—Perhaps it is not generally known +that the writer of <i>Munchausen's Travels</i> borrowed this +amusing incident from Heylin's <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page263" id="page263"></a></span> <i>Mikrokosmos</i>. In the +section treating of Muscovy, he says:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"This excesse of cold in the ayre, gave occasion to +<i>Castilian</i>, in his <i>Aulicus</i>, wittily and not +incongruously to faine that if two men being smewhat distant, talke +together in the winter, their words will be so frozen that they +cannot be heard: but if the parties in the spring returne to the +same place, their words will melt in the same order that they were +frozen and <i>spoken</i>, and be plainly understood."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">J.S.</p> +<p>Salisbury.</p> +<p><i>Inscription from Roma Subterranea.</i>—If you deem the +translation of this inscription, quoted in Lord Lindsay's fanciful +but admirable <i>Sketches of the History of Christian Art</i>, +worth a place among your Notes, it is very heartily at your +service.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Sisto viator</p> +<p>Tot ibi trophæa, quot ossa</p> +<p>Quot martyres, tot triumphi.</p> +<p>Antra quæ subis, multa quæ cernis marmora,</p> +<p>Vel dum silent,</p> +<p>Palam Romæ gloriam loquuntur.</p> +<p>Audi quid Echo resonet</p> +<p>Subterraneæ Romæ!</p> +<p>Obscura licet Urbis Cœmetria</p> +<p>Totius patens Orbis Theatrium!</p> +<p>Supplex Loci Sanetitatem venerare,</p> +<p>Et post hac sub luto aurum</p> +<p>Coelum sub coeno</p> +<p>Sub Româ Romam quærito!"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>Roma Subterranea</i>, 1651, tom. i. p. 625.</p> +<p>(Inscription abridged.)</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Stay, wayfarer—behold</p> +<p>In ev'ry mould'ring bone a trophy here.</p> +<p>In all these hosts of martyrs,</p> +<p>So many triumphs.</p> +<p>These vaults—these countless tombs,</p> +<p>E'en in their very silence</p> +<p>Proclaim aloud Rome's glory:</p> +<p>The echo'd fame</p> +<p>Of subterranean Rome</p> +<p>Rings on the ear.</p> +<p>The city's sepulchres, albeit hidden,</p> +<p>Present a spectacle</p> +<p>To the wide world patent.</p> +<p>In lowly rev'rence hail this hallow'd spot,</p> +<p>And henceforth learn</p> +<p>Gold beneath dross</p> +<p>Heav'n below earth,</p> +<p>Rome under Rome to find!</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">F.T.J.B.</p> +<p>Brookthorpe.</p> +<p><i>Parallel Passages.</i>—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>There is an acre sown with royal seed</i>, the copy of the +greatest change from rich to naked, from cieled roofs to arched +coffins, from <i>living like gods to die like +men</i>."—Jeremy Taylor's <i>Holy Dying</i>, chap. i. sect. +1. p. 272. ed. Edin.</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"<i>Here's an acre sown</i> indeed</p> +<p><i>With</i> the richest <i>royalest seeds</i>,</p> +<p>That the earth did e'er suck in,</p> +<p>Since the first man dyed for sin:</p> +<p>Here the bones of birth have cried,</p> +<p>Though <i>gods they were, as men they died</i>."</p> +<p>F. BEAUMONT</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">M.W. Oxon.</p> +<p><i>A Note on George Herbert's Poems.</i>—In the notes by +Coleridge attached to Pickering's edition of George Herbert's +<i>Poems</i>, on the line—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"My flesh beg<i>u</i>n unto my soul in pain,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Coleridge says—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Either a misprint, or noticeable idiom of the word +<i>began</i>: Yes! and a very beautiful idiom it is: the first +colloquy or address of the flesh."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The idiom is still in use in Scotland. "You had better not begin +to me," is the first address or colloquy of the school-boy +half-angry half-frightened at the bullying of a companion. The +idiom was once English, though now obsolete. Several instances of +it are given in the last edition of Foxe's <i>Martyrs</i>, vol. vi. +p. 627. It has not been noticed, however, that the same idiom +occurs in one of the best known passages of Shakspeare; in +Clarence's dream, <i>Richard III.</i>, Act i. Sc. 4.:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"O, then <i>began</i> the tempest <i>to</i> my soul."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Herbert's <i>Poems</i> will afford another illustration to +Shakspeare, <i>Hamlet</i>, Act iv. Sc. 7.:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And then this <i>should</i> is like a spendthrift sigh,</p> +<p>That hurts by easing."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Coleridge, in the <i>Literary Remains</i>, vol. i. p. 233., +says—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"In a stitch in the side, every one must have heaved</p> +<p>a sigh that hurts by easing."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Dr. Johnson saw its true meaning:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"It is," he says, "a notion very prevalent, that sighs impair +the strength, and wear out the animal powers."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>In allusion to this popular notion, by no means yet extinct, +Herbert says, p. 71.:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Or if some years with it (a sigh) escape</p> +<p>The sigh then only is</p> +<p>A gale to bring me sooner to my bliss."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">D.S.</p> +<p>"<i>Crede quod habes</i>," &c.—The celebrated answer +to a Protestant about the real presence, by the borrower of his +horse, is supposed to be made since the Reformation, by whom I +forget:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Quod nuper dixisti</p> +<p>De corpore Christi</p> +<p>Crede quod edis et edis;</p> +<p>Sic tibi rescribo</p> +<p>De tuo palfrido</p> +<p>Crede quod habes et habes."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>But in Wright and Halliwell's <i>Reliquiæ +Antiquæ</i>, <span class="pagenum"><a name="page264" id= +"page264"></a></span> p. 287., from a manuscript of the time +of Henry VII., is given—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Tu dixisti de corpore Christi, crede et habes</p> +<p>De palefrido sic tibi scribo, crede et habes."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">M.</p> +<p><i>Grant to the Earl of Sussex of Leave to be covered in the +Royal Presence.</i>—In editing Heylyn's <i>History of the +Reformation</i>, I had to remark of the grant made by Queen Mary to +the Earl of Sussex, that it was the only one of Heylyn's documents +which I had been unable to trace elsewhere (ii. 90.). Allow me to +state in your columns, that I have since found it in Weever's +<i>Funeral Monuments</i> (pp. 635, 636).</p> +<p class="author">J.C. ROBERTSON.</p> +<p>Bekesbourne.</p> +<p><i>The first Woman formed from a Rib</i> (Vol. ii., p. +213.).—As you have given insertion to an extract of a sermon +on the subject of the creation of Eve, I trust you will allow me to +refer your correspondent BALLIOLENSIS to Matthew Henry's commentary +on the second chapter of Genesis, from which I extract the +following beautiful explanation of the reason why the <i>rib</i> +was selected as the material whereof the woman should be +created:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Fourthly, that the woman was made of a rib out of the side of +Adam; not made out of his head to top him, nor out of his feet to +be trampled upon by him; but out of his side to be equal with him, +under his arm to be protected, and near his heart to be +beloved."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">IOTA.</p> +<p><i>Beau Brummel's Ancestry.</i>—Mr. Jesse some years back +did ample justice to the history of a "London celebrity," George +Brummell; but, from what he there stated, the following "Note" +will, I feel assured, be a novelty to him. At the time that +Brummell was considered in everything the <i>arbiter +elegantiarum</i>, the writer of this has frequently heard Lady +Monson (the widow of the second lord, and an old lady who, living +to the age of ninety-seven, had a wonderful fund of interesting +recollections) say, that this ruler of fashion was the descendant +of a very excellent servant in the family. Not long ago, some old +papers of the family being turned over, proofs corroborative of +this came to light. William Brummell, from the year 1734 to 1764, +was the faithful and confidential servant of Charles Monson, +brother of the first lord: the period would identify him with the +grandfather of the Beau; the only doubt was, that as Mr. Jesse has +ascertained that William Brummell, the grandfather, was, in the +interval above given, married, had a <i>son William</i>, and owned +a house in Bury Street, how far these facts were compatible with +his remaining as a servant living with Charles Monson, both in town +and country. Now, in 1757, Professor Henry Monson of Cambridge +being dangerously ill, his brother Charles sent William Brummell +down, as a trustworthy person, to attend to him; and in a letter +from Brummell to his master, he, with many other requisitions, +wishes that there may be sent down to him a certain glass vessel, +very useful for invalids to drink out of, and which, if not in +Spring Gardens, "may be found in <i>Bury Street</i>. It was used +when <i>Billy</i> was ill." From the familiarity of the word +"Billy," he must be speaking of his son. These facts are certainly +corroborative of the old dowager's statement.</p> +<p class="author">M(2).</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>QUERIES.</h2> +<h3>GRAY'S ELEGY AND DODSLEY POEMS.</h3> +<p>I have here, in the country, few editions of Gray's works by me, +and those not the best; for instance, I have neither of those by +the Rev. J. Mitford (excepting his Aldine edition, in one small +volume), which, perhaps, would render my present Query needless. It +relates to a line, or rather a word in the <i>Elegy</i>, which is +of some importance. In the second stanza, as the poem is usually +divided (though Mason does not give it in stanzas, because it was +not so originally written), occurs,</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>And thus the line stands in all the copies (five) I am able at +this moment to consult. But referring to Dodsley's <i>Collection of +Poems</i>, vol. iv., where it comes first, the epithet applied to +"flight" is not "droning," but <i>drony</i>—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Save where the beetle wheels his <i>drony</i> flight."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Has anybody observed upon this difference, which surely is +worthy of a Note? I cannot find that the circumstance has been +remarked upon, but, as I said, I am here without the means of +consulting the best authorities. The <i>Elegy</i>, I presume, must +have been first separately printed, and from thence transferred to +Dodsley's <i>Collection</i>; and I wish to be informed by some +person who has the earliest impression, how the line is there +given? I do not know any one to whom I can appeal on such a point +with greater confidence than to MR. PETER CUNNINGHAM, who, I know, +has a large assemblage of the first editions of our most celebrated +poets from the reign of Anne downwards, and is so well able to make +use of them. It would be extraordinary, if <i>drony</i> were the +epithet first adopted by Gray, and subsequently altered by him to +"droning," that no notice should have been taken of the +substitution by any of the poet's editors. I presume, therefore, +that it has been mentioned, and I wish to know where?</p> +<p>Now, a word or two on Dodsley's <i>Collection of Poems</i>, in +the fourth volume of which, as I have <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page265" id="page265"></a></span> stated, +Gray's-<i>Elegy</i> comes first. Dodsley's is a popular and +well-known work, and yet I cannot find <i>that anybody has given +the dates connected with it accurately</i>. If Gray's <i>Elegy</i> +appeared in it for the first time (which I do not suppose), it came +out in 1755 which is the date of vol. iv. of Dodsley's +<i>Collection</i>, and not in 1757, which is the date of the +Strawberry Hill edition of Gray's <i>Odes</i>. The Rev. J. Mitford +(Aldine edit. xxxiii.) informs us that "Dodsley published three +volumes of this <i>Collection</i> in 1752; the fourth volume was +published in 1755 and the fifth and sixth volumes, which completed +the <i>Collection</i>, in 1758." I am writing with the title-pages +of the work open before me, and I find that the first three volumes +were published, not in 1752, but in 1748, and that even this was +the second edition so that there must have been an edition of the +first three volumes, either anterior to 1748, or earlier in that +year. The sale of the work encouraged Dodsley to add a fourth +volume in 1755, and two others in 1758 and the plate of Apollo and +the Muses was re-engraved for vols. v. and vi., because the +original copper, which had served for vols. i., ii., iii., and iv., +was so much worn.</p> +<p>This matter will not seem of such trifling importance to those +who bear in mind, that if Gray's <i>Elegy</i> did not originally +come out in this <i>Collection</i> in 1755, various other poems of +great merit and considerable popularity did then make their +earliest appearance.</p> +<p class="author">THE HERMIT OF HOLYPORT.</p> +<p>Sept. 1850.</p> +<p>P.S. My attention has been directed to the subject of Gray's +<i>Poems</i>, and particularly to his <i>Elegy</i>, by a recent +pilgrimage I made to Stoke Poges, which is only five or six miles +from this neighbourhood. The church and the poet's monument to his +mother are worth a much longer walk; but the mausoleum to Gray, in +the immediate vicinity, is a preposterous edifice. The residence of +Lady Cobham has been lamentably modernised.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>HUGH HOLLAND AND HIS WORKS.</h3> +<p>The name of Hugh Holland has been handed down to posterity in +connexion with that of our immortal bard; but few know anything of +him beyond his commendatory verses prefixed to the first folio of +Shakspeare.</p> +<p>He was born at Denbigh in 1558, and educated at Westminster +School while Camden taught there. In 1582 he matriculated at Baliol +College, Oxford; and about 1590 he succeeded to a Fellowship at +Trinity College, Cambridge. Thence he travelled into Italy, and at +Rome was guilty of several indiscretions by the freedom of his +conversations. He next went to Jerusalem to pay his devotions at +the Holy Sepulchre, and on his return touched at Constantinople, +where he received a reprimand from the English ambassador for the +former freedom of his tongue. At his return to England, he retired +to Oxford, and, according to Wood, spent some years there for the +sake of the public library. He died in July, 1633, and was buried +in Westminster Abbey, "in the south crosse aisle, neere the dore of +St. Benet's Chapell," but no inscription now remains to record the +event.</p> +<p>Whalley, in Gifford's <i>Jonson</i> (1. cccxiv.), says, speaking +of Hugh Holland—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"He wrote several things, amongst which is the life of Camden; +but none of them, I believe, have been ever published."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Holland published two works, the titles of which are as follows, +and perhaps others which I am not aware of:—</p> +<p>1. "Monumenta Sepulchralia Sancti Pauli. Lond. 1613. 4to."</p> +<p>2. "A Cypres Garland for the Sacred Forehead of our late +Soveraigne King James. Lond. 1625. 4to."</p> +<p>The first is a catalogue of the monuments, inscriptions, and +epitaphs in the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, which Nicolson calls +"a mean and dull performance." It was, at any rate, very popular, +being printed again in the years 1616, 1618, and 1633.</p> +<p>The second is a poetical tract of twelve leaves, of the greatest +possible rarity.</p> +<p>Holland also printed commendatory verses before a curious +musical work, entitled <i>Parthenia, or the Maydenhead of the First +Musick for the Virginalls</i>, 1611; and a copy of Latin verses +before Dr. Alexander's <i>Roxana</i>, 1632.</p> +<p>In one of the Lansdowne MSS. are preserved the following verses +written upon the death of Prince Henry, by "Hugh Hollande, fellow +of Trinity College, Cambridge:"—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Loe, where he shineth yonder</p> +<p>A fixed Star in heaven,</p> +<p>Whose motion here came under</p> +<p>None of the planets seven.</p> +<p>If that the Moone should tender</p> +<p>The Sun her love, and marry,</p> +<p>They both could not engender</p> +<p>So sweet a star as HARRY."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Our author was evidently a man of some poetical fancy, and if +not worthy to be classed "among the chief of English poets," he is +at least entitled to a niche in the temple of fame.</p> +<p>My object in calling attention to this long forgotten author is, +to gain some information respecting his manuscript works. According +to Wood, they consist of—1. Verses in Description of the +chief Cities of Europe; 2. Chronicle of Queen Elizabeth's reign; 3. +Life of William Camden.</p> +<p>Can any of your readers say in whose possession, <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page266" id="page266"></a></span> or in +what library, any of the above mentioned MSS. are at the present +time? I should also feel obliged for any communication respecting +Hugh Holland or his works, more especially frown original sources, +or books not easily accessible.</p> +<p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>HARVEY'S CLAIM TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE CIRCULATION OF THE +BLOOD.</h3> +<p>I have both a Note and a Query about Harvey and the circulation +of the blood (Vol. ii., p. 187.). The Note refers to Philostratus +(<i>Life of Apollorius</i>, p. 461., ed. 1809), <i>Nouvelles de la +République des Lettres</i>, June, 1684, xi.; and Dutens pp. +157-341. 4to. ed. 1796. I extract the passage from <i>Les +Nouvelles</i>:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"On voit avec plaisir un passage d'André Cæsalpinus +qui contient fort clairement la doctrine de la circrilation. Il est +tiré de ses Questions sur la médecine +imprimées l'an 1593. Jean Leonicenas ajoûte que le +père Paul découvrit la circulation du sang, et les +valvules des veines, mais qu'il n'osa pas en parler, de peur +d'exciter contre luy quelque tempête. Il n'etois +déjà que trop suspect, et il n'eut fallu que ce +nouveau paradoxe pour le transformer en hérétique +dans le pais d'inquisition. Si bien qu'il ne communiqua son secret +qu'au seul Aquapendente, qui n'osant s'exposer à l'envie.... +Il attendit à l'heure de sa mort pour mettre le livre qu'il +avoit composé touchant les valvules des veines entre les +mains de la république de Venise, et comme les moindres +nouveautez font peur en cc pais-là, le livre fut +caché dans le billiothèque de Saint Marc. Mais +parcequ' Aquapendente ne fit pas difficulté de s'ouvrir +à un jeune Anglois fort curieux nommé Harvée, +qui étudioit sous lui a Padouë, et qu'en même +temps le père Paul fit a même confidence à +l'Ambassadeur d'Angleterre, ces deux Anglois de retour chez eux, et +se voyant en pais de liberté, publièrent ce dogme, et +l'ayant confirmé par plusieurs expériences, s'en +attribuèrent toute la gloire."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The Query is, what share Harvey had in the discovery attributed +to him?</p> +<p class="author">W.W.B.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>Minor Queries.</h3> +<p><i>Bernardus Patricius.</i>—Some writers mention +<i>Bernardus</i> Patricius as a follower of Copernicus, about the +time of Galileo. Who was he?</p> +<p class="author">M.</p> +<p><i>Meaning of Hanger.</i>—Can any one of your readers +inform me, what is the meaning of the word <i>hanger</i>, so +frequently occurring in the names of places in Bedfordshire, such +as Panshanger?</p> +<p class="author">W. Anderson</p> +<p><i>Cat and Bagpipes.</i>—In studying some letters which +passed between two distinguished philosophers of the last century, +I have found in one epistle a request that the writer might be +remembered "to his friends at the Crown and Anchor, and the <i>Cat +and Bagpipes</i>." The letter was addressed to a party in London, +where doubtless, both those places of entertainment were. The Crown +and Anchor was the house where the Royal Society Club held its +convivial meetings. Can you inform me where the Cat and Bagpipes +was situated, and what literary and scientific club met there? The +name seems to have been a favourite one for taverns, and, if I +mistake not, is common in Ireland. Is it a corruption of some +foreign title, as so many such names are, or merely a grotesque and +piquant specimen of sign-board literature?</p> +<p class="author">Quasimodo.</p> +<p><i>Andrew Becket.</i>—A.W. Hammond will feel obliged for +any information respecting Andrew Becket, Esq., who died 19th +January, 1843, æt. 95, and to whose memory there is a +handsome monument in Kennington Church. According to that +inscription, he was "ardently devoted to the pursuits of +literature," personally acquainted in early life with the most +distinguished authors of his day, long the intimate friend of David +Garrick, "and a profound commentator on the dramatic works of +Shakspeare." Can any of the learned readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" +satisfy this Query?</p> +<p><i>Laurence Minot.</i>—Is any other MS. of Minot known, +besides the one from which Ritson drew his text? Is there any other +edition of this poet besides Ritson's, and the reprints +thereof?</p> +<p class="author">E.S. JACKSON.</p> +<p><i>Modena Family.</i>—When did Victor Amadeus, King of +Sardinia, die? When did his daughter, Mary Duchess of Modena, die, +(the mother of the present Duke of Modena, and through whom he is +the direct heir of the House of Stuart)?</p> +<p class="author">L.M.M.R.</p> +<p><i>Bamboozle.</i>—What is the etymology of +<i>bamboozle</i>, used as a verb?</p> +<p class="author">L.M.M.R.</p> +<p><i>Butcher's Blue Dress.</i>—What is the origin of the +custom, which seems all but universal in England, for butchers to +wear a blouse or frock of <i>blue</i> colour? Though so common in +this country as to form a distinctive mark of the trade, and to be +almost a butcher's uniform, it is, I believe, unknown on the +continent. Is it a custom which has originate in some supposed +utility, or in the official dress of a guild or company, or in some +accident of which a historical notice has been preserved?</p> +<p class="author">L.</p> +<p><i>Hatchment and Atchievement.</i>—Can any one of the +readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" tell me how comes the corruption +<i>hatchment</i> from <i>atchievement</i>? Ought the English word +to be spelt with a <i>t</i>, or thus, <i>achievement</i>? Why are +hatchments put up in churches and on houses?</p> +<p class="author">W. ANDERSON.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page267" id="page267"></a></span>"<i>Te colui Virtutem</i>."—Who is the author of the +line—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Te colui virtutem ut rem ast tu nomen inane es?"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>It is a translation of part of a Greek tragic fragment, quoted, +according to Dio Cassius, by Brutus just before his death. As much +as is here translated is also to be found in Plutarch <i>De +Superstitione</i>.</p> +<p class="author">E.</p> +<p>"<i>Illa suavissima Vita</i>."—Where does "Illa suavissima +vita indies sentire se fieri meliorem" come from?</p> +<p class="author">E.</p> +<p><i>Christianity, Early Influence of.</i>—"The beneficial +influence of the Christian clergy during the first thousand years +of the Christian era."</p> +<p>What works can be recommended on the above subject?</p> +<p class="author">X.Y.Z.</p> +<p><i>Wraxen, Meaning of.</i>—What is the origin and meaning +of the word <i>wraxen</i>, which was used by a Kentish woman on +being applied to by a friend of mine to send her children to the +Sunday-school, in the following sentence?—"Why, you see, they +go to the National School all the week, and get so <i>wraxen</i>, +that I cannot send them to the Sunday School too."</p> +<p class="author">G.W. Skyring.</p> +<p><i>Saint, Legend of a.</i>—Can any of your correspondents +inform me where I can find the account of some saint who, when +baptizing a heathen, inadvertently pierced the convert's foot with +the point of his crozier. The man bore the pain without flinching, +and when the occurrence was discovered, he remarked that he thought +it was part of the ceremony?</p> +<p class="author">J.Y.C.</p> +<p><i>Land Holland—Farewell.</i>—In searching some +Court Rolls a few days since, I found some land described as "Land +Holland" or "Hollandland." I have been unable to discover the +meaning of this expression, and should be glad if any of your +correspondents can help me.</p> +<p>In the same manor there is custom for the tenant to pay a sum as +a <i>farewell</i> to the lord on sale or alienation: this payment +is in addition to the ordinary fine, &c. Query the origin and +meaning of this?</p> +<p class="author">J.B.C.</p> +<p><i>Stepony Ale.</i>—Chamberlayne, in his <i>Present State +of England</i> (part. i. p. 51., ed. 1677), speaking of the "Dyet" +of the people, thus enumerates the prevailing beverages of the +day:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Besides all sorts of the best wines from Spain, France, Italy, +Germany, Grecia, there are sold in London above twenty sorts of +other drinks: as brandy, coffee, chocolate, tea, aromatick, mum, +sider, perry, beer, ale; many sorts of ales very different, as +cock, <i>stepony</i>, stickback, Hull, North-Down, Sambidge, +Betony, scurvy-grass, sage-ale, &c. A piece of wantonness +whereof none of our ancestors were ever guilty."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>It will be observed that the ales are named in some instances +from localities, and in others from the herbs of which they were +decoctions. Can any of your readers tell me anything of Stepony +ale? Was it ale brewed at Stepney?</p> +<p class="author">James T. Hammack</p> +<p>"<i>Regis ad Exemplar</i>."—Can you inform me whence the +following line is taken?</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Regis ad exemplar totus componitur orbis."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">Q.Q.Q.</p> +<p>"<i>La Caconacquerie</i>".—Will one of your numerous +correspondents be kind enough to inform me what is the true +signification and derivation of the word "caconac?" D'Alembert, +writing to Voltaire concerning Turgot, says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"You will find him an excellent <i>caconac</i>, though he has +reasons for not avowing it:—la caconacquerie ne mène +pas à la fortune."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">Ardern.</p> +<p><i>London Dissenting Ministers: Rev. Thomas +Tailer.</i>—Not being entirely successful in my Queries with +regard to "London Dissenting Ministers" (Vol. i., pp. 383. 444. +454.), I will state a circumstance which, possibly, may assist some +one of your correspondents in furnishing an answer to the second of +those inquiries.</p> +<p>In the lines immediately referred to, where certain +Nonconformist ministers of the metropolis are described under +images taken from the vegetable world, the late Rev. Thomas Tailer +(of Carter Lane), whose voice was feeble and trembling, is thus +spoken of:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Tailer tremulous as aspen leaves."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>But in verses afterwards circulated, if not printed, the censor +was rebuked as follows:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Nor tell of Tailer's trembling voice so weak,</p> +<p>While from his lips such charming accents break,</p> +<p>And every virtue, every Christian grace,</p> +<p>Within his bosom finds a ready place."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>No encomium could be more deserved, none more seasonably offered +or more appropriately conveyed. I knew Mr. Tailer, and am pleased +in cherishing recollections of him.</p> +<p class="author">W.</p> +<p><i>Mistletoe as a Christmas Evergreen.</i>—Can any of your +readers inform me at what period of time the mistletoe came to be +recognised as a Christmas evergreen? I am aware it played a great +part in those ceremonies of the ancient Druids which took place +towards the end of the year, but I cannot find any allusion to it, +in connexion with the Christian festival, before the time of +Herrick. You are of course aware, that there are still in existence +some five or six very curious old carols, of as early, or even an +earlier date than the fifteenth century, in praise of the holly or +the ivy, which said carols used to be sung during the Christmas +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page268" id= +"page268"></a></span> festivities held by our forefathers but +I can discover no allusion even to the mistletoe for two centuries +later. If any of your readers should be familiar with any earlier +allusion in prose, but still more particularly in verse, printed or +in manuscript, I shall feel obliged by their pointing it out.</p> +<p class="author">V.</p> +<p><i>Poor Robin's Almanacks.</i>—I am anxious to ascertain +in which public or private library is to be found the most complete +collection of Poor Robin's <i>Almanacks</i>: through the medium of +your columns, I may, perhaps, glean the desired information.</p> +<p class="author">V.</p> +<p><i>Sirloin.</i>—When on a visit, a day or two since, to +the very interesting <i>ruin</i> (for so it must be called) of +Haughton Castle, near Blackburn, Lancashire, I heard that the +origin of this word was the following freak of James I. in his +visit to the castle; a visit, by the way, which is said to have +ruined the host, and to have been not very profitable even to all +his descendants. A magnificent loin of meat being placed on the +table before his Majesty, the King was so struck with its size and +excellence, that he drew his sword, and cried out, "By my troth, +I'll knight thee, Sir Loin!" and then and there the title was +given; a title which has been honoured, unlike other knighthoods, +by a goodly succession of illustrious heirs. Can any of your +correspondents vouch for the truth of this?</p> +<p class="author">H.C.</p> +<p>Bowden, Manchester.</p> +<p><i>Thomson of Esholt.</i>—In the reign of Henry VIII. arms +were granted to Henry Thomson, of Esholt, co. York, one of that +monarch's gentlemen-at-arms at Boulogne. The grant was made by +Laurence Dalton, Norroy. The shield was—Per fesse embattled, +ar. and sa., three falcons, belted, countercharged—a +<i>bend</i> sinister. Crest: An armed arm, embowed, holding a +lance, erect. Families of the name of Thompson, bearing the same +shield, have been seated at Kilham, Scarborough, Escrick, and other +places in Yorkshire. My inquiries are,—</p> +<p>1. Will any of your readers by kind enough to inform me where +any mention is made of this grant, and the circumstances under +which it was made?</p> +<p>2. Whether any <i>ancient</i> monuments, or heraldic bearings of +the family, are still extant in any parts of Yorkshire?</p> +<p>3. Whether any work on Yorkshire genealogies exists, and what is +the best to be consulted?</p> +<p class="author">JAYTEE.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>Replies to Minor Queries.</h3> +<p><i>Pension</i> (Vol. ii., p. 134.).—In the <i>Dictionnaire +Universelle</i>, 1775, vol. ii. p. 203., I find the following +explanation of the French word <i>Pension</i>:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Somme qu'on donne pour la nourriture et le logement de +quelqu'un. <i>Il se dit aussi du lieu où l'on donne à +manger.</i>"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>May not the meeting of the benchers have derived its name for +their dining-room in which they assembled?</p> +<p class="author">BRAYBROOKE.</p> +<p><i>Execution of Charles I.</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 72. 110-140. +158.).—In Lilly's <i>History of his Life and Times</i>, I +find the following interesting account in regard to the vizored +execution of Charles I., being part of the evidence he gave when +examined before the first parliament of King Charles II. respecting +the matter. Should any of your correspondents be able to +substantiate this, or produce more conclusive evidence in +determining who the executioner was, I shall be extremely obliged. +Lilly writes,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Liberty being given me to speak, I related what follows: viz., +That the next Sunday but one after Charles I. was beheaded, Robert +Spavin Secretary to Lieutenant-General Cromwell at that time, +invited himself to dine with me, and brought Anthony Pearson and +several others along with him to dinner. That their principal +discourse all dinner time was only who it was that beheaded the +king. One said it was the common hangman; another, Hugh Peters; +others were also nominated, but none concluded. Robert Spavin, so +soon as dinner was done, took me by the hand, and carried me to the +south window. Saith he, 'These are all mistaken; they have not +named the man that did the fact: it was Lieutenant-Colonel Joice. I +was in the room when he fitted himself for the work; stood behind +him when he did it; when done, went in with him again: there is no +man knows this but my master, viz. Cromwell, Commissary Ireton, and +myself.'—'Doth Mr. Rushworth know it?' saith I. 'No, he doth +not know it,' saith Spavin. The same thing Spavin since has often +related to me, when we were alone."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">R.W.E.</p> +<p>Cheltenham.</p> +<p><i>Paper Hangings</i> (Vol. ii., p. 134.).—"It was on the +walls of this drawing-room (the king's at Kensington Palace) that +the then new art of paper-hangings, in imitation of the old velvet +flock, was displayed with an effect that soon led to the adoption +of so cheap and elegant a manufacture, in preference to the +original rich material from which it was copied."—W.H. Pyne's +<i>Royal Residences</i>, vol. ii. p. 75.</p> +<p class="author">M.W.</p> +<p><i>Black-guard.</i>—There are frequent entries among those +of deaths of persons attached to the Palace of Whitehall, in the +registers of St. Margaret's, Westminster, of "——, one +of the blake garde." about the year 1566, and later. In the +Churchwarden's Accompts we find—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"1532. Pd. for licence of 4 torchis for Black Garde, vj. d."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The royal Halberdiers carried black bills. (Grose, <i>Milit. +Antiq.</i>, vol. i. p. 124.) In 1584 they behaved <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page269" id="page269"></a></span> with +great cruelty in Ireland. (Cornp. Peck's <i>Des. Curios.</i>, vol. +i. p. 155.) So Stainhurst, in his <i>Description</i>, says of bad +men: "They are taken for no better than rakehells, or the devil's +blacke guarde."—Chap. 8. Perhaps, in distinction to the gaily +dressed military guard, the menial attendants in a royal progress +were called black-guards from their dull appearance.</p> +<p>I remember a story current in Dublin, of a wicked wag telling a +highly respectable old lady, who was asking, where were the +quarters of the guards, in which corps her son was a private, to +inquire at the lodge of Trinity College if he was not within those +learned walls, as the "black guards were lying there."</p> +<p class="author">M.W.</p> +<p><i>Pilgrims' Road</i> (Vol. ii., p. 237.).—Your +correspondent S.H., in noticing the old track "skirting the base of +the chalk hills," and known by the name of the "Pilgrims' Road," +has omitted to state that its commencement is at Oxford,—a +fact of importance, inasmuch as that the Archbishops of Canterbury +had there a handsome palace (the ruins of which still exist), which +is said to have been the favourite residence of Thomas à +Becket. The tradition in the county thereupon is, that his memory +was held in such sanctity in that neighbourhood as to cause a vast +influx of pilgrims annually from thence to his shrine at +Canterbury; and the line of road taken by them can still be traced, +though only portions of it are now used as a highway. The +direction, however, in which it runs makes it clear (as S.H., no +doubt, is aware) that it cannot be Chaucer's road.</p> +<p>While on the subject of old roads, I may add that a tradition +here exists that the direct road between London and Tunbridge did +not pass through Sevenoaks; and a narrow lane which crosses the +Pilgrims' road near Everham is pointed out as the former highway, +and by which Evelyn must have been journeying (passing close, +indeed, to the seat of his present descendant at St. Clere) when he +met with that amusing robber-adventure at Procession Oak.</p> +<p class="author">M(2).</p> +<p><i>Pilgrims' Road to Canterbury.</i>—In the +<i>Athenæum</i> of Nov. 2nd, 1844, there is a notice of +<i>Remarks upon Wayside Chapels; with Observations on the +Architecture and present State of the Chantry on Wakefield +Bridge</i>: By John Chessell and Charles Buckler—in which the +reviewer says—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"In our pedestrianism we have traced the now desolate ruins of +several of these chapels along the old pilgrims' road to +Canterbury."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>If this writer would give us the results of his pedestrianism, +it would be acceptable to <i>all</i> the lovers of Chaucer. I do +not know whether PHILO-CHAUCER will find anything to his purpose in +the pamphlet reviewed.</p> +<p class="author">E.S. JACKSON.</p> +<p><i>Combs buried with the Dead.</i>—In Vol. ii., p. 230., +the excellent vicar of Morwenstow asks the reason why combs are +found in the graves of St. Cuthbert and others, monks, in the +cathedral church of Durham. I imagine that they were the combs used +at the first tonsure of the novices, to them a most interesting +memorial of that solemn rite through life, and from touching +affection to the brotherhood among whom they had dwelt, buried with +them at their death.</p> +<p class="author">M.W.</p> +<p><i>The Comb</i>, concerning "the origin and intent" of which MR. +HAWKER (Vol. ii., p. 230.) seeks information, was for ritual use; +and its purposes are fully described in Dr. Rock's <i>Church of our +Fathers</i>, t. ii. p. 122., &c.</p> +<p class="author">LITURGICUS.</p> +<p><i>Aërostation.</i>—C.B.M. will find in the +<i>Athenæum</i> for August 10th, 1850, a notice of a book on +this subject.</p> +<p class="author">E.S. JACKSON.</p> +<p><i>St. Thomas of Lancaster</i> (Vol. i., p. 181.).—MR. +R.M. MILNES desires information relative to "St. Thomas of +Lancaster." This personage was Earl of Leicester as well as Earl of +Lancaster; and I find in the archives of this borough numerous +entries relative to him,—of payments made to him by the +burgesses. Of these mention is made in a <i>History of +Leicester</i> recently published. The most curious fact I know of +is, that on the dissolution of the monasteries here, several relics +of St. Thomas, among others, his felt hat, was exhibited. The hat +was considered a great remedy for the headache!</p> +<p class="author">JAYTEE.</p> +<p><i>Smoke Money</i> (Vol. ii., p. 120.).—"Anciently, even +in England, were Whitsun farthings, or smoke farthings, which were +a composition for offerings made in Whitsun week, by every man who +occupied a house with a chimney, to the cathedral of the diocese in +which he lived."—Audley's <i>Companion to the Almanac</i>, p. +76.</p> +<p>Pentecostals, or Whitsun Farthings, are mentioned by Pegge as +being paid in 1788 by the parishioners of the diocese of Lichfield, +in aid of the repairs of the cathedral, to the dean and chapter; +but he makes no allusion to the word <i>smoke</i>, adding only that +in this case the payment went by the name of Chad-pennies, or +Chad-farthings, the cathedral there being dedicated to St. +Chad.</p> +<p class="author">C.I.R.</p> +<p><i>Robert Herrick</i> (Vol. i., p. 291.).—MR. MILNER BARRY +states that he found an entry of the burial of the poet Herrick in +the parish books of Dean Prior. As MR. BARRY seems interested in +the poet, I would inform him that a voluminous collection of family +letters of early date is now in the possession of William Herrick, +Esq., of Beaumanor Park, the present representative of that ancient +and honourable house.</p> +<p class="author">JAYTEE.</p> +<p><i>Guildhalls.</i>—The question in Vol. i., p. 320., +relative to guildhalls, provokes an inquiry into <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page270" id="page270"></a></span> guilds. +In the erudite and instructive work of Wilda on the <i>Guild System +of the Middle Ages (Gildenwesen im Mittelälter)</i> will be +found to be stated that guilds were associations of various +kinds,—convivial, religions, and mercantile, and so on; and +that places of assembly were adopted by them. A guild-house where +eating and drinking took place, was to be met with in most villages +in early times: and these, I fancy, were the guild-halls. On this +head consult Hone's <i>Every-day Book</i>, vol. ii. p. 670., and +elsewhere, in connexion with Whitsuntide holidays.</p> +<p class="author">JAYTEE.</p> +<p><i>Abbé Strickland</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 198. +237.).—The fullest account of the Abbé Strickland, +<i>Bishop of Namur</i>, is to be found in Lord Hervey's +<i>Memoirs</i> (Vol. i., p. 391.), and a most curious account it is +of that profligate intriguer.</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p><i>Long Lonkin</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 168. 251.).—This ballad +does not relate to Cumberland, but to Northumberland. This error +was committed by Miss Landon (in the <i>Drawing-room Scrap-book</i> +for 1835), to whom a lady of this town communicated the fragment +through the medium of a friend. Its real locality is a ruined +tower, seated on the corner of an extensive earth-work surrounded +by a moat, on the western side of Whittle Dean, near Ovingham. +Since this period, I have myself taken down many additional verses +from the recitation of the adjacent villagers, and will be happy to +afford any further information to your inquirer, SELEUCUS.</p> +<p class="author">G. BOUCHIER RICHARDSON.</p> +<p>Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Sept. 7. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Havock</i> (Vol. ii., p. 215.).—The presumed object of +literary men being the investigation of truth, your correspondent +JARLTZBERG will, I trust, pardon me for suggesting that his +illustration of the word <i>havock</i> is incomplete, and +especially with reference to the line of Shakspeare which he has +quoted:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Cry havock! and let slip the dogs of war."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Grose, in his <i>History of English Armour</i>, vol. ii. p. 62., +says that <i>havok</i> was the word given as a signal for the +troops to disperse and pillage, as may be learned from the +following article in the <i>Droits of the Marshal</i>, vol. ii. p. +229., wherein it is declared, that—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"In the article of plunder, all the sheep and hogs belong to +such private soldiers as can take them; and that on the word havok +being cried, every one might seize his part; but this probably was +only a small part of the licence supposed to be given by the +word."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>He also refers to the ordinance of Richard II.</p> +<p>In agreeing with your correspondent that the use of this word +was the signal for general massacre, unlimited slaughter, and +giving no quarter, as well as taking plunder in the manner +described above, the omission of which I have to complain is, that, +in stating no one was to raise the cry, under penalty of losing his +head, he did not add the words, "the king excepted." It was a royal +act; and Shakspeare so understood it to be; as will appear from the +passage referred to, if fully and fairly quoted:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And Cæsar's spirit, ranging for revenge,</p> +<p>With Até by his side, come hot from hell,</p> +<p>Shall in these confines, <i>with a monarch's voice</i>,</p> +<p>Cry Havock! and let slip the dogs of war."</p> +<p class="i10"><i>Julius Cæsar</i> Act iii.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>It is not at this moment in my power to assist F.W. with the +reference to the history of Bishop Berkeley's giant, though it +exists somewhere in print. The subject of the experiment was a +healthy boy, who died in the end, in consequence of over-growth, +promoted (as far as my recollection serves me) principally by a +peculiar diet.</p> +<p class="author">W(1).</p> +<p><i>Becket's Mother.</i>—I do not pretend to explain the +facts mentioned by MR. FOSS (Vol. ii., p. 106.), that the hospital +founded in honour of Becket was called "The Hospital of St. Thomas +the Martyr, <i>of Acon</i>;" and that he was himself styled "St. +Thomas <i>Acrenis</i>, or <i>of Acre</i>;" but I believe that the +true explanation must be one which would not be a hindrance to the +rejection of the common story as to the Archbishop's birth. +<i>If</i> these titles were intended to connect the Saint with Acre +in Syria, they may have originated after the legend had become +popular. But it seems to me more likely, that, like some other city +churches and chapels, that of St. Thomas got its designation from +something quite unconnected with the history of the patron. In +particular, I would ask what is the meaning of "St. Nicolas +<i>Acons</i>?" And may not the same explanation (whatever it be) +serve for "St. Thomas <i>of Acon</i>?" Or the hospital may have +been built on some noted "acre" (like <i>Long Acre</i> and +<i>Pedlars Acre</i>); and if afterwards churches in other places +were consecrated to St. Thomas under the designation "<i>of +Acre</i>," (as to which point I have no information), the churches +of "our Lady <i>of Loretto</i>," scattered over various countries, +will supply a parallel. As to the inference which Mr. Nichols +(<i>Pilgrimages</i>, p. 120.) draws from the name <i>Acrensis</i>, +that Becket was <i>born at</i> Acre, I must observe that it +introduces a theory which is altogether new, and not only opposed +to the opinion that the Archbishop was of English or Norman descent +on both sides, but <i>essentially</i> contradictory of the legend +as to the fair Saracen who came from the East in search of her +lover.</p> +<p class="author">J.C.R.</p> +<p><i>Watching the Sepulchre</i> (Vol. i., pp. 318. 354. +403.).—In the parish books of Leicester various entries +respecting the Sepulchre occur. In the year 1546, when a sale took +place of the furniture of St. Martin's Church, the "Sepulchre +light" was <span class="pagenum"><a name="page271" id= +"page271"></a></span> sold to Richard Rainford for 21<i>s.</i> +10<i>d.</i> In the reign of Queen Mary gatherings were made for the +"Sepulchre lights;" timber for making the lights cost 5<i>s.</i>; +the light itself, 4<i>s.</i>; and painting the Sepulchre, and a +cloth for "our lady's altar," cost 1<i>s.</i> 10<i>d.</i> Facts +like these might be multiplied.</p> +<p class="author">JAYTEE.</p> +<p><i>Portraits of Charles I. in Churches</i> (Vol. i., pp. 137. +184.).—In reference to this I have to state, that in the +south aisle of the church of St. Martin, in Leicester, a painting +of this kind is yet to be seen, or was lately. It was executed by a +Mr. Rowley, for 10<i>l.</i>, in the year 1686. It represents the +monarch in a kneeling attitude.</p> +<p class="author">JAYTEE.</p> +<p><i>Joachim, the French Ambassador</i> (Vol. ii., p. +229.).—In Rapin's <i>History of England</i> I find this +ambassador described as "Jean-Joachim de Passau, Lord of Vaux." +This may assist AMICUS.</p> +<p class="author">J.B.C.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>MISCELLANEOUS</h2> +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> +<p>The Rev. Mackenzie Walcott, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford, +whose pleasant gossiping <i>Memorials of Westminster</i>, and +<i>History of St. Margaret's Church</i>, are no doubt familiar to +many of our readers, is, as an old Wykehamist, collecting +information for a "History of Commoners and the Two S. Marie Winton +Colleges;" and will feel obliged by lists of illustrious alumni, +and any notes, archæological and historical, about that noble +school, which will be duly acknowledged.</p> +<p>The <i>Cambrian Archæological Association</i>, which was +established in 1846 for the purpose of promoting the study and +preservation of the antiquities of Wales and the Marches, held its +fourth anniversary meeting in the ancient and picturesque town of +Dolgelly, during the week commencing the 26th ultimo. The +Association is endeavouring to extend its usefulness by enlarging +the number of its members; and as its subscribing members receive +in return for their yearly pound, not only the Society's Journal, +the <i>Archæologia Cambrensis</i> but also the annual volume +of valuable archæological matter published by the +Association, we cannot doubt but their exertions will meet the +sympathy and patronage of all who take an interest in the national +and historical remains of the principality.</p> +<p>The preceding paragraph was scarcely finished when we received +proof of the utility of the Association in Mr. Freeman's volume, +entitled <i>Remarks on the Architecture of Llandaff Cathedral, with +an Essay towards a History of the Fabric</i>—a volume which, +as we learn from the preface, had its origin in the observations on +some of the more singular peculiarities of the fabric made by the +author at the Cardiff meeting of the Association in 1849. These +remarks were further developed in a paper in the +<i>Archæologia Cambrensis</i>; and have now been expanded +into the present descriptive and historical account of a building +which, to use Mr. Freeman's words, "in many respects, both of its +history and architecture, stands quite alone among English +churches." Mr. Freeman's ability to do justice to such a subject is +well known: and his work will therefore assuredly find a welcome +from the numerous body of students of church architecture now to be +found in this country; and to their judgments we leave it.</p> +<p><i>Notes on Bishop Jeremy Taylor's Works.</i> A reprint being +called for of vol. vi. of the present edition of Bishop Taylor's +works, the Editor will be glad of any assistance towards verifying +the references which have been omitted. The volume is to go to +press early in October.</p> +<p>Messrs. Puttick and Simpson will commence on Monday next a six +days' sale of valuable books in all classes of literature; +oriental, and other manuscripts; autograph letters; engravings, +miniatures, paintings, &c.</p> +<p>Messrs. Southgate and Barrett will sell on Tuesday next some +fine portraits and engravings; together with a very interesting and +extensive collection of nearly 200 original proclamations +(extending from 1631 to 1695), two books printed by Pynson, unknown +to bibliographers (viz. <i>Aphthonii Sophistæ +Præxercitamenta</i> and <i>Ciceronis Orationes +Philippicæ</i> and a few valuable MSS).</p> +<hr /> +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3> +<h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h4> +<p>ESSAYS, SCRIPTURAL, MORAL, AND LOGICAL, by W. and T. Ludlam. 2 +vols. 8vo. London, 1807.</p> +<p>ELDERFIELD (C.), DISQUISITIONS ON REGENERATION, BAPTISM, +&c., 4to. London, 1653.</p> +<p>DODWELL (HENRY, M.A.), DISCOURSE PROVING FROM SCRIPTURES THAT +THE SOUL IS A PRINCIPLE NATURALLY MORTAL, &c.</p> +<p>THE TALE OF A TUB REVERSED, for the universal Improvement of +Mankind, with a character of the Author.</p> +<p>REFLECTIONS ON MR. BURCHET'S MEMOIRS, or, Remarks on his Account +of Captain Wilmot's Expedition to the West Indies, by Col. Luke +Lillingston. 1704. [Two copies wanted.]</p> +<p>SEVEN CHAMPIONS OF CHRISTENDUM. [Any Edition before 1700.]</p> +<p>CHAUCER'S CANTERBURY TALES AND OTHER POEMS, 2 vols. 12mo. +[Cumberland's Edition.]</p> +<p>Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage +free</i>, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," +186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>Notices to Correspondents.</h3> +<p>VOLUME THE FIRST OF NOTES AND QUERIES, <i>with Title-page and +very copious Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, +and may be had, by order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen.</i></p> +<p>NOTES AND QUERIES <i>may be procured by the Trade at noon on +Friday: so that our country Subscribers ought to experience no +difficulty in receiving it regularly. Many of the country +Booksellers are probably not yet aware of this arrangement, which +enables them to receive Copies in their Saturday parcels.</i></p> +<p>W.A. <i>will find an article on</i> "The Owl was once a Baker's +Daughter," <i>quoted by Shakspeare, in one of</i> MR. THOMS' +<i>Papers on the</i> FOLK LORE OF SHAKSPEARE, <i>published in +the</i> Athenæum October and November 1847.</p> +<hr class="adverts" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page272" id="page272"></a></span>JUNIUS IDENTIFIED.</p> +<p>In One Volume 8vo., price 6<i>s.</i>, bds., (published in 1818 +at 14<i>s.</i>). JUNIUS IDENTIFIED with SIR PHILIP FRANCIS. By JOHN +TAYLOR. Second Edition, with the Appendix, containing the Plates of +Handwriting.</p> +<p>London: TAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, 28. Upper Gower-street; and +27. Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row.</p> +<hr /> +<p>AMERICA AND IRELAND.—MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, Number +XI. for 1850, contains many curious and interesting books on the +above Countries with the usual valuable Miscellanies in all +departments, Published this day, GRATIS.</p> +<p>The following Books may also be had of him:—</p> +<p>BALLAD ROMANCES, by R. H. HORNE, Esq., author of "Orion." +&c.—Containing the Noble Heart, a Bohemian +Legend—The Monk of Swinstead Abbey, a Ballad Chronicle of the +Death of King John—The Three Knights of Camelott, a Fairy +Tale—The Ballad of Delora, or the Passion of Andrea +Como—Red Gelert, a Welsh Legend—Ben Capstan, A Ballad +of the Night Watch—The Elf of the Woodlands, a Child's Story, +fcap. 8vo, elegantly printed and bound in cloth, 248 pages, only +2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>CRITICISMS AND ESSAYS On the Writings of Atherstone, Blair, +Bowles, Sir E. Brydges, Carlyle, Carrington, Coleridge, Cowper, +Croly, Gillfillian, Graham, Hazlitt, Heber, Heraud, Harvey, Irving, +Keats, Miller, Pollock, Tighe, Wordsworth, and other Modern +Writers, by the Rev. J.W. LESTER, B.A., royal 8vo., 100 pages of +closely printed letterpress, originally published at 5<i>s.</i>, +reduced to 1<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i> 1848.</p> +<p>"We give our cordial subscription to the general scope and tenor +of his views, which are in the main promulgated with a perspicuity +and eloquence not always found in the same +individual."—<i>Church of England Quarterly Review.</i></p> +<p>"Mr. Lester's volume is one of superior merit, and deserves a +high rank among works of its class."—<i>Tail's Edinburgh +Review.</i></p> +<p>"He is the pioneer of the beautiful."—<i>Manchester +Examiner.</i></p> +<p>FALLACY OF GHOSTS, DREAMS, AND OMENS, with Stories of +Witchcraft, Life in Death, and Monomania, by CHARLES OLLIER, 12mo., +cloth. gilt, with Illustrations by G. Measom, 250 pages of amusing +letterpress, only 2<i>s.</i></p> +<p>JOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos-street, Trafalgar-square.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Old Engravings, early Printed Books, Manuscripts, &c.</p> +<p>SOUTHGATE and BARRETT will SELL by AUCTION, at their Rooms, 22. +Fleet-street, on Tuesday, September 24, at 12. PORTRAITS and +ENGRAVlNGS. incliding many proofs, a very interesting and extensive +collection of original proclamations, two books printed by Pynson +unknown to bibliographers: also a few very valuable Manuscripts +relating to the counties of Stafford, Salon, Leicester, Wilts, +&c., ancient statutes upon vellum. heraldic MSS., &c.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Just Published, 8vo., price 8<i>s.</i>, with numerous +Illustrations by Messrs. O. Jerrit and H. Shaw,</p> +<p>REMARKS ON THE ARCHITECTURE OF LLANDAFF CATHEDRAL; with an Essay +towards a History of the Fabric. By EDWARD A. FREEMAN, M.A., late +Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford; author of the "History of +Architecture."</p> +<p>London: W. PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. Tenby: R. MASON.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Just Published, price 5<i>s.</i>, in post 8vo., cloth lettered; +if sent by Post. 6<i>s.</i></p> +<p>THE POPE; Considered in his RELATIONS WITH THE CHURCH, TEMPORAL +SOVEREIGNTIES, SEPARATED CHURCHES, and the CAUSE OF CIVILISATION. +By COUNT JOSEPH DE MAISTRE. Translated by the Rev. AENEAS MC D. +DAWSON. Embellished with a Portrait of His Holiness Pope Pius +IX.</p> +<p>London: C. DOLMAN, 61. New Bond-street; and 48A. Paternoster +Row.</p> +<hr /> +<p>THE PARLOUR LIBRARY, One Shilling each Volume.</p> +<p>The Publishers beg to state that all G.P.R. JAMES's works lately +out of print are again reprinted, and may be had of every +bookseller and at all the railway stations. Works by the following +popular authors have also been published in the "Parlour +Library:"—</p> +<p>A. Lamartine<br /> +G.P.R. James<br /> +Washington Irving<br /> +Miss Mitford<br /> +Author of "Emilia Wyndham"<br /> +Miss Austen<br /> +William Carleton<br /> +Gerald Griffin<br /> +Mary Howitt<br /> +T.C. Grattan<br /> +Mrs. S.C. Hall<br /> +Rodolph Toppfer<br /> +Leitch Ritchie<br /> +The O'Hara Family<br /> +W. Meinhold<br /> +Alex. Dumas</p> +<p>SIMMS and M'INTYRE, 13. Paternoster Row, London, and Belfast. +Sold at all the Railway Stations.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Published by GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet-street.</p> +<p>Now ready, 1 vol. 8vo., with etched Frontispiece, by Wehnert, +and Eight Engravings, price 15<i>s.</i></p> +<p>SABRINAE COROLLA: a Volume Of Classical Translations with +original Compositions contributed by Gentlemen educated at +Shrewsbury School.</p> +<p>Among the Contributors are the Head Masters of Shrewsbury. +Stanford, Repton, Birmingham, and Uppingham Schools; Andrew Lawson, +Esq., late M.P; the Rev. R. Shilleto, Cambridge; the Rev. T.S. +Evans, Rugby; J. Riddell, Esq., Fellow of Baliol College, Oxford; +the Rev. E.M. Cope, H.J. Hodgson, Esq., H.A.J. Munro, Esq., W.G. +Clark, Esq., Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge, and many other +distinguished Scholars from both Universities.</p> +<p>The Work is edited by three of the principal Contributors.</p> +<p>"Highly creditable to the Scholarship of Shrewsbury, and indeed +of England, and we wish it heartily +success."—<i>Guardian.</i></p> +<p>RULES FOR OVIDIAN VERSE, with some Hints on the Transition to +the Virgilian Hexameter, and an Introductory Preface. Edited by +JAMES TATE, A.M., Master of the Grammar School, Richmond. 8vo. +sewed, 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>FIRST STEPS TO LATIN VERSIFICATION, being an Analysis of the +Scansion and Structure of the Ovidian Verse. Price 6<i>d.</i> on +sheet; folded in cloth, 1<i>s.</i></p> +<p>Just Published, fcp. 8vo., price 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, +cloth,</p> +<p>CICERONIS CATO MAJOR, sive de Senectute, Laelius, site de +Amicitia. et Epistolæ Selectæ; with English Notes and +an Index. By GEORGE LONG. Being a second volume of the Grammar +School Classics.</p> +<p>"Mr. George Long has edited the De Senectute, and De Amicitia, +together with some of the Epistles of Cicero, and has contributed a +very clever preface upon the best way of teaching foreign, and +especially classical, languages. Mr. Long's ability and reputation +render any writing of his important, and his name is a pledge for +the accuracy and value of the edition."—<i>Guardian.</i></p> +<p>Also, a new edition, price 5<i>s.</i>,</p> +<p>XENOPHON'S ANABASIS, with English Notes and Three Maps. By the +Rev. J.F. MACMICHAEL, Master of the Grammar School, +Burton-on-Trent. Being the first volume of Grammar School +Classics.</p> +<p>"We can confidently recommend this as the best school edition, +and we feel certain that it will satisfy every reasonable demand +that can be made."—<i>Classical Museum.</i></p> +<p>12mo., cloth, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>SELECTIONS FROM OVID; AMORES, TRISTIA, HEROIDES, METAMORPHOSES: +with prefatory remarks. This Selection is intended to afford an +introduction, at once easy and unobjectionable, to a knowledge of +the Latin Language, after a boy has become well acquainted with the +declensions of nouns and pronouns, and the ordinary forms of +verbs.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at +No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of +London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in +the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, +Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, +September 21. 1850.</p> +<hr class="full" /> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13936 ***</div> +</body> +</html> |