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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13936 ***
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+No. 47.]
+SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1850
+[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       * 
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+NOTES:--
+  Old Songs. 257
+  "Junius Identified." by J. Taylor. 258
+  Folk Lore:--Spiders a Cure for Ague--Funeral Superstition--Folk
+  Lore Rhymes. 259
+  On a Passage in the Tempest, by S.W. Singer. 259
+  Punishment of Death of Burning. 260
+  Note on Morganatic Marriages. 261
+  Minor Notes:--Alderman Beckford--Frozen Horn--Inscription
+  translated--Parallel Passages--Note on George Herbert's Poems--"Crede
+  quod habes"--Grant to Earl of Sussex--First Woman formed from a
+  Rib--Beau Brummell's Ancestry. 262
+
+QUERIES:--
+  Gray's Elegy and Dodsley's Poems. 264
+  Hugh Holland and his Works, by E.F. Rimbault, L.L.D. 265
+  Harvey and the Circulation of the Blood. 266
+  Minor Queries:--Bernardus Patricius--Meaning of
+  Hanger--Cat and Bagpipes--Andrew Becket--Laurence
+  Minot--Modena Family--Bamboozle--Butcher's
+  Blue Dress--Hatchment and Atchievement--"Te
+  colui Virtutem"--"Illa suavissima Vita"--Christianity,
+  Early Influence of--Meaning of Wraxen--Saint,
+  Legend of a--Land Holland--Farewell--Stepony
+  Ale--"Regis ad Exemplar"--La Caronacquerie--Rev.
+  T. Tailer--Mistletoe as a Christmas
+  Evergreen--Poor Robin's Almanacks--Sirloin--Thompson
+  of Esholt. 266
+
+REPLIES:--
+  Replies to Minor Queries:--Pension--Execution of
+  Charles I.--Paper Hangings--Black-guard--Pilgrims'
+  Road--Combs buried with the Dead--AÎrostation--St.
+  Thomas of Lancaster--Smoke Money--Robert Herrich--Guildhalls--AbbÈ
+  Strickland--Long Conkin--Havock--Becket's Mother--Watching
+  the Sepulchre--Portraits of Charles I.--Joachim,
+  the French Ambassador. 269
+
+MISCELLANEOUS:--
+  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 271
+  Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 271
+  Notices to Correspondents. 271
+  Advertisements. 272
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NOTES.
+
+OLD SONGS.
+
+I heard, "in other days," a father singing a comic old song to one of
+his children, who was sitting on his knee. This was in Yorkshire: and
+yet it could hardly be a Yorkshire song, as the scene was laid in
+another county. It commenced with--
+
+  "Randle O'Shay has sold his mare
+  For nineteen groats at Warrin'ton fair,"
+
+and goes on to show how the simpleton was cheated out of his money.
+
+I find in Hasted's _History of Kent_ (vol. i. p. 468., 2nd edit.)
+mention made of the family of Shaw, who held the manor of Eltham, &c.,
+and who "derive themselves from the county palatine of Chester." It is
+further stated that _Randal de Shaw_, his son, was settled at Haslington
+Hall in that county.
+
+All, indeed, that this proves is, the probability of the hero of the
+song being also a native of Cheshire, or one of the adjacent counties;
+and that the legend is a truth, even as to names as well as general
+facts. The song is worthy of recovery and preservation, as a remnant of
+English character and manners; and I have only referred to Hasted to
+point out the probable district in which it will be found.
+
+There are many other characteristics of the manners of the humbler
+classes to be found in songs that had great local popularity within the
+period of living memory; for instance, the _Wednesbury Cocking_ amongst
+the colliers of Staffordshire and _Rotherham Status_ amongst the cutlers
+of Sheffield. Their language, it is true, is not always very
+delicate--perhaps was not even at the time these songs were
+composed,--as they picture rather the exuberant freaks of a
+half-civilised people than the better phases of their character. Yet
+even these form "part and parcel" of the history of "the true-born
+Englishman."
+
+One song more may be noticed here:--the rigmarole, snatches of which
+probably most of us have heard, which contains an immense number of mere
+truisms having no connexion with each others, and no bond of union but
+the metrical form in which their juxtaposition is effected, and the
+rhyme, which is kept up very well throughout, though sometimes by the
+introduction of a nonsense line. Who does not remember--
+
+  "A yard of pudding's not an ell,"
+
+or
+
+  "Not forgetting _dytherum di_,
+  A tailor's goose can never fly,"
+
+and other like parts?
+
+It is just such a piece of burlesque as Swift might have written: but
+many circumstances lead me to think it must be much older. Has it ever
+been printed?
+
+There is another old (indeed an evidently very ancient) song, which I do
+not remember to have seen in print, or even referred to in print. None
+of the books into which I have looked, from deeming them likely to
+contain it, make the least reference to this song. I have heard it in
+one of the midland counties, and in one of the western, both many years
+ago; but I have not heard it in London or any of the metropolitan
+districts. The song begins thus:--
+
+  "London Bridge is broken down,
+     Dance over my Lady Lea:
+  London Bridge is broken down,
+     With a gay ladÈe."
+
+This must surely refer to some event preserved in history,--may indeed
+be well known to well-read antiquaries, though so totally unknown to men
+whose general pursuits (like my own) have lain in other directions. The
+present, however, is an age for "popularising" knowledge; and your work
+has assumed that task as one of its functions.
+
+The difficulties attending such inquiries as arise out of matters so
+trivial as an old ballad, are curiously illustrated by the answers
+already printed respecting the "wooing frog." In the first place, it was
+attributed to times within living memory; then shown to exceed that
+period, and supposed to be very old,--even as old as the Commonwealth,
+or, perhaps, as the Reformation. This is objected to, from "the style
+and wording of the song being evidently of a much later period than the
+age of Henry VIII.;" and Buckingham's "mad" scheme of taking Charles
+into Spain to woo the infanta is substituted. This is enforced by the
+"burden of the song;" whilst another correspondent considers this
+"chorus" to be an old one, analogous to "Down derry down:"--that is, M.
+denies the force of MR. MAHONY's explanation altogether!
+
+(Why MR. MAHONY calls a person in his "sixth decade" a "sexagenarian" he
+best knows. Such is certainly not the ordinary meaning of the term he
+uses. His pun is good, however.)
+
+Then comes the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT, with a very decisive proof that
+neither in the time of James I., nor of the Commonwealth, could it have
+originated. His transcript from Mr. Collier's _Extracts_ carries it
+undeniably back to the middle of the reign of Elizabeth. Of course, it
+is interesting to find intermediate versions or variations of the
+ballad, and even the adaptation of its framework to other ballads of
+recent times, such as "Heigho! says Kemble,"--one of the Drury Lane
+"O.P. Row" ballads (_Rejected Addresses_, last ed., or Cunningham's
+_London_). Why the conjecture respecting Henry VIII. is so
+contemptuously thrown aside as a "fancy," I do not see. A _fancy_ is a
+dogma taken up without proof, and in the teeth of obvious
+probability,--tenaciously adhered to, and all investigation eschewed.
+This at least is the ordinary signification of the term, in relation to
+the search after truth. How far my own conjecture, or the mode of
+putting it, fulfills these conditions, it is not necessary for me to
+discuss: but I hope the usefulness and interest of the "NOTES AND
+QUERIES" will not be marred by any discourtesy of one correspondent
+towards another.
+
+At the same time, the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT has done the most essential
+service to this inquiry by his extract from Mr. Collier, as the question
+is thereby inclosed within exceedingly narrow limits. But if the ballad
+do not refer to Henry VIII., to whom can it be referred with greater
+probability? It is too much to assume that all the poetry, wit, and
+talent of the Tudor times were confined to the partizans of the Tudor
+cause, religious or political. We _know_, indeed, the contrary. But for
+his communication, too, the singular coincidence of two such
+characteristic words of the song in the "Poley Frog" (in the same number
+of the "NOTES AND QUERIES") might have given rise to another conjecture:
+but the _date_ excludes its further consideration.
+
+I may add, that since this has been mooted, an Irish gentleman has told
+me that the song was familiar enough in Dublin; and he repeated some
+stanzas of it, which were considerably different from the version of
+W.A.G., and the chorus the same as in the common English version. I hope
+presently to receive a complete copy of it: which, by the bye, like
+everything grotesquely humorous in Ireland, was attributed to the author
+of _Gulliver's Travels_.
+
+T.S.D.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"JUNIUS IDENTIFIED."
+
+It is fortunate for my reputation that I am still living to vindicate my
+title to the authorship of my own book, which seems otherwise in danger
+of being taken from me.
+
+I can assure your correspondent R.J. (Vol. ii., p. 103.) that I was not
+only "literally _the writer_," (as he kindly suggests, with a view of
+saving my credit for having put my name to the book), but in its fullest
+sense _the author of "Junius Identified"_; and that I never received the
+slightest assistance from Mr. Dubois, or any other person, either in
+collecting or arranging the evidence, or in the composition and
+correction of the work. After I had completed my undertaking, I wrote to
+Mr. Dubois to ask if he would allow me to see the handwriting of Sir
+Philip Francis, that I might compare it with the published
+fac-similes of the handwriting of Junius; but he refused my request. His
+letter alone disproved the notion entertained by R.J. and others, that
+Mr. Dubois was in any degree connected with me, or with the authorship
+of the work in question.
+
+With regard to the testimony of Lord Campbell, I wrote to his lordship
+in February, 1848, requesting his acceptance of a copy of _Junius
+Identified_, which I thought he might not have seen; and having called
+his attention to my name at the end of the preface, I begged he would,
+when opportunity offered, correct his error in having attributed the
+work to Mr. Dubois. I was satisfied with his lordship's reply, which was
+to the effect that he was ashamed of his mistake, and would take care to
+correct it. No new edition of that series of the _Lives of the
+Chancellors_, which contains the "Life of Lord Loughborough," has since
+been published. The present edition is dated 1847.
+
+R.J. says further, that "the late Mr. George Woodfall always spoke of
+the _pamphlet_ as the work of Dubois;" and that Sir Fortunatus Dwarris
+states, "the _pamphlet_ is said, I know not with what truth, to have
+been prepared under the eye of Sir Philip Francis, it may be through the
+agency of Dubois." If _Junius Identified_ be alluded to in these
+observations as a _pamphlet_, it would make me doubt whether R.J., or
+either of his authorities, ever saw the book. It is an 8vo. vol. The
+first edition, containing 380 pages, was published in 1816, at 12s. The
+second edition, which included the supplement, exceeded 400 pages, and
+was published in 1818, at 14s. The supplement, which contains the plates
+of handwriting, was sold separately at 3s. 6d., to complete the first
+edition, but this could not have been the pamphlet alluded to in the
+preceding extracts. I suspect that when the work is spoken of as a
+pamphlet, and this if often done, the parties thus describing it have
+known it only through the medium of the critique in the _Edinburgh
+Review_.
+
+Mr. Dubois was the author of the biography of Sir Philip Francis, first
+printed in the _Monthly Mirror_ for May and June, 1810, and reprinted in
+_Junius Identified_, with acknowledgment of the source from which it was
+taken. To this biography the remarks of Sir Fortunatus Dwarris are
+strictly applicable, except that it never appeared in the form of a
+pamphlet.
+
+JOHN TAYLOR.
+
+30. Upper Gower Street, Sept. 7. 1850.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Spiders a Cure for Ague_ (Vol. ii., p. 130.).--Seeing a note on this
+subject reminds me that a few years since, a lady in the south of
+Ireland was celebrated far and near, amongst her poorer neighbours, for
+the cure of this disorder. Her universal remedy was a large house-spider
+alive, and enveloped in treacle or preserve. Of course the parties were
+carefully kept in ignorance of what the wonderful remedy was.
+
+Whilst I am on the subject of cures, I may as well state that in parts
+of the co. Carlow, the blood drawn from a black cat's ear, and rubbed
+upon the part affected, is esteemed a certain cure for St. Anthony's
+fire.
+
+JUNIOR.
+
+
+_Funeral Superstition._--A few days ago the body of a gentleman in this
+neighbourhood was conveyed to the hearse, and while being placed in it,
+the door of the house, whether from design or inadvertence I know not,
+was closed before the friends came out to take their places in the
+coaches. An old lady, who was watching the proceedings, immediately
+exclaimed, "God bless me! they have closed the door upon the corpse:
+there will be another death in that house before many days are over."
+She was fully impressed with this belief, and unhappily this impression
+has been confirmed. The funeral was on Saturday, and on the Monday
+morning following a young man, resident in the house, was found dead in
+bed, having died under the influence of chloroform, which he had
+inhaled, self-administered, to relieve the pain of toothache or
+tic-douloureux.
+
+Perhaps the superstition may have come before you already; but not
+having met with it myself, I thought it might be equally new to others.
+
+H.J.
+
+Sheffield.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Folk Lore Rhymes._--
+
+  "Find odd-leafed ash, and even-leafed clover,
+  And you'll see your true love before the day's over."
+
+If you wish to see your lover, throw salt on the fire every morning for
+nine days, and say--
+
+  "It is not salt I mean to burn,
+  But my true lover's heart I mean to turn;
+  Wishing him neither joy nor sleep,
+  Till he come back to me and speak."
+
+  "If you marry in Lent,
+  You will live to repent."
+
+WEDSECNARF.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EMENDATION OF A PASSAGE IN THE "TEMPEST."
+
+Premising that I should approach the text of our great poet with an
+almost equal degree of awful reverence with that which characterises his
+two latest editors, I must confess that I should not have the same
+respect for evident errors of the printers of the early editions, which
+they have occasionally shown. In the following passage in the _Tempest_,
+Act i., Scene 1., this forbearance has not, however, been the cause of
+the very unsatisfactory state in which they have both left it. I
+must be indulged in citing at length, that the context may the more
+clearly show what was really the poet's meaning:--
+
+  "Enter FERDINAND _bearing a Log_.
+
+  "_Fer._ There be some sports are painful; and their labour
+  Delight in them sets off; some kinds of baseness
+  Are nobly undergone; and most poor matters
+  Point to rich ends. This my mean task
+  Would be as heavy to me, as odious; but
+  The mistress, which I serve, quickens what's dead,
+  And makes my labours pleasures: O! she is
+  Ten times more gentle than her father's crabbed;
+  And he's composed of harshness. I must remove
+  Some thousands of these logs, and pile them up,
+  Upon a sore injunction: My sweet mistress
+  Weeps when she sees me work; and says such business
+  Had never like executor. I forget:
+  But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours;
+  Most busy lest when I do it."
+
+Mr. Collier reads these last two lines thus--
+
+  "But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours;
+  Most busy, least when I do it."
+
+with the following note--
+
+    "The meaning of this passage seems to have been misunderstood by
+    all the commentators. Ferdinand says that the thoughts of
+    Miranda so refresh his labours, that when he is most busy he
+    seems to feel his toil _least_. It is printed in the folio
+    1623,--
+
+      'Most busy _lest_ when I do it,'
+
+    --a trifling error of the press corrected in the folio 1632,
+    although Theobald tells us that both the oldest editions read
+    _lest_. Not catching the poet's meaning, he printed,--
+
+      'Most busy-_less_ when I do it,'
+
+    and his supposed emendation has ever since been taken as the
+    text; even Capell adopted it. I am happy in having Mr. Amyot's
+    concurrence in this restoration."
+
+Mr. Knight adopts Theobald's reading, and Mr. Dyce approves it in the
+following words:--
+
+    "When Theobald made the emendation, 'Most busy-_less_,' he
+    observed that 'the corruption was so very little removed from
+    the truth of the text, that he could not afford to think well of
+    his own sagacity for having discovered it.' The correction is,
+    indeed, so obvious that we may well wonder that it had escaped
+    his predecessors; but we must wonder ten times more that one of
+    his successors, in a blind reverence for the old copy, should
+    re-vitiate the text, and defend a corruption which outrages
+    language, taste, and common sense."
+
+Although at an earlier period of life I too adopted Theobald's supposed
+emendation, it never satisfied me. I have my doubts whether the word
+_busyless_ existed in the poet's time; and if it did, whether he could
+possibly have used it here. Now it is clear that _labours_ is a misprint
+for _labour_; else, to what does "when I do _it_" refer? _Busy lest_ is
+only a typographical error for _busyest_: the double superlative was
+commonly used, being considered as more emphatic, by the poet and his
+contemporaries.
+
+Thus in Hamlet's letter, Act ii. Sc. 2.:
+
+  "I love thee best, O _most best_."
+
+and in _King Lear_, Act ii. Sc. 3.:
+
+  "To take the basest and _most poorest_ shape."
+
+The passage will then stand thus:--
+
+  "But these sweet thoughts, do even refresh my labour,
+  Most busiest when I do it."
+
+The sense will be perhaps more evident by a mere transposition,
+preserving every word:
+
+  "But these sweet thoughts, most busiest when I do
+  My labour, do even refresh it."
+
+Here we have a clear sense, devoid of all ambiguity, and confirmed by
+what precedes; that his labours are made pleasures, being beguiled by
+these sweet thoughts of his mistress, which are busiest when he labours,
+because it excites in his mind the memory of her "weeping to see him
+work." The correction has also the recommendation of being effected in
+so simple a manner as by merely taking away two superfluous letters. I
+trust I need say no more; secure of the approbation of those who (to use
+the words of an esteemed friend on another occasion) feel "that making
+an opaque spot in a great work transparent is not a labour to be
+scorned, and that there is a pleasant sympathy between the critic and
+bard--dead though he be--on such occasions, which is an ample reward."
+
+S.W. SINGER
+
+Mickleham, Aug 30. 1850.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PUNISHMENT OF DEATH BY BURNING.
+
+(Vol. ii., pp. 6. 50. 90. 165.)
+
+In the "NOTES AND QUERIES" of Saturday, the 10th of August, SENEX gives
+some account of the burning of a female in the Old Bailey, "about the
+year 1788."
+
+Having myself been present at the last execution of a female in London,
+where the body was burnt (being probably that to which SENEX refers),
+and as few persons who were then present may now be alive, I beg to
+mention some circumstances relative to that execution, which appear to
+be worthy of notice.
+
+Our criminal law was then most severe and cruel: the legal punishment of
+females convicted of high treason and petty treason was burning; coining
+was held to be high treason; and murder of a husband was petty treason.
+
+I see it stated in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, that on the 13th of
+March, 1789,--
+
+    "The Recorder of London made his report to His Majesty of the
+    prisoners under sentence of death in Newgate, convicted in the
+    Sessions of September, October, November, and January (forty-six
+    in number), fourteen of whom were ordered for execution;
+    five of whom were afterwards reprieved."
+
+The recorder's report in regard to these unfortunate persons had been
+delayed during the incapacity of the king; thus the report for four
+sessions had been made at once. To have decided at one sitting of
+council upon such a number of cases, must have almost been enough to
+overset the strongest mind. Fortunately, these reports are now
+abolished.
+
+In the same number of the _Gentleman's Magazine_, under date the 18th of
+March, there is this statement,--
+
+    "The nine following malefactors were executed before the
+    Debtors' Door at Newgate pursuant to their sentence, viz., Hugh
+    Murphy and Christian Murphy _alias_ Bowman, Jane Grace, and
+    Joseph Walker, for coining. [Four for burglary, and one for
+    highway robbery.] They were brought upon the scaffold, about
+    half an hour after seven, and _turned off_ about a quarter past
+    eight. The woman for coining was brought out after the rest were
+    turned off, and fixed to a stake and burnt; being first
+    strangled by the stool being taken from under her."
+
+This is the execution at which I was present; the number of those who
+suffered, and the burning of the female, attracted a very great crowd.
+Eight of the malefactors suffered on the scaffold, then known as "the
+new drop." After they were suspended, the woman, in a white dress, was
+brought out of Newgate alone; and after some time spent in devotion, was
+hung on the projecting arm of a low gibbet, fixed at a little distance
+from the scaffold. After the lapse of a sufficient time to extinguish
+life, faggots were piled around her, and over her head, so that her
+person was completely covered: fire was then set to the pile, and the
+woman was consumed to ashes.
+
+In the following year, 1790, I heard sentence passed in the Criminal
+Court, in the Old Bailey, upon other persons convicted of coining: one
+of them was a female. The sentence upon her was, that she should be
+"drawn to the place of execution, and there burnt with fire till she was
+dead."
+
+The case of this unfortunate woman, and the cruel state of the law in
+regard to females, then attracted attention. On the 10th of May, 1790,
+Sir Benjamin Hammett, in his place in the House of Commons, called the
+attention of that House to the then state of the law. He mentioned that
+it had been his official duty to attend on the melancholy occasion of
+the burning of the female in the preceding year (it is understood he was
+then one of the sheriffs of London), he moved for leave to bring in a
+bill to alter the law, which he characterised as--
+
+    "One of the savage remains of Norman policy, disgracing our
+    statute book, as the practice did the common law."
+
+He noticed that the sheriff who did not execute the sentence of burning
+alive was liable to a prosecution; but he thanked Heaven there was not a
+man in England who would carry such a sentence into effect. He obtained
+leave to bring in a bill for altering this cruel law; and in that
+session the Act 30 G. III. c. 48. was passed--
+
+    "For discontinuing the judgment which has been required by law
+    to be given against women convicted of certain crimes, and
+    substituting another judgment in lieu thereof."
+
+A debt of gratitude is due to the memory of Sir Benjamin Hammett, for
+his exertions, at that period, in the cause of humanity. Thank God, we
+now live in times when the law is less cruel, and more chary of human
+life.
+
+OCTOGENARIUS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A NOTE ON MORGANATIC MARRIAGES.
+
+Grimm (_Deutsche Rechts Alterthumer_, vol. ii., p. 417.), after a long
+dissertation, in which it appears that the money paid by the bridegroom
+to the wife's relations (I believe subsequently also to the wife
+herself) had every form of a _purchase_, possibly derived also from some
+_symbolic_ customs common to all northern tribes, offers the following
+as the origin of this word "morganatic:"--
+
+    "Es gab aber im Alterthum noch einen erlaubten Ausweg f¸r die
+    Verbindung vorneluner Männer mit geringen (freien und selbst
+    unfreien) Frauen, den _Concubinat_, der ohne feierliches
+    Verlˆbniss, ohne _Brautgabe_ und _Mitgift_ eingegangen wurde,
+    mithin _keine wahre und volle Ehe_, dennoch ein rechtmässiges
+    Verhältniss war.
+
+    "Da jedoch die Kirche ein solches Verhältniss missbilligte durch
+    keine Einsegnung weihte, so wurde es allmählich unerlaubt und
+    verboten als Ausnahme aber bis auf die neueste Zeit f¸r F¸rsten
+    zugelassen--ja durch Trauung an die linke Hand gefeiert. Die
+    Benennung Morganatische Ehe,--Matrimonium ad Morganaticam (11.
+    Feud. 29.), r¸hrt daher, dass _den Concubinen_ eine _Morgangabe_
+    (woraus im Mittelalter die Lombarden '_Morganatica_'
+    machten)--bewilligt zu werden pflegte--_es waren Ehen auf blosse
+    Morgengabe_. Den Beweis liefern Urkunden, die Morganatica f¸r
+    Morgengabe auch in Fallen gebrauchen wo von wahrer Ehe die Rede
+    ist." (See Heinecius, _Antiq_. 3. 157, 158.)
+
+The case now stands thus:
+
+It was the custom to give money to the wife's relations on the
+marriage-day.
+
+It was not the custom with respect to unequal marriage (Misheirath):
+this took place "ohne Brautgabe und Mitgift," which was also of later
+origin.
+
+The exception made by the Church for _princes_, restored the woman so
+far, that the marriage was legally and morally recognised by the Lombard
+law and the Church, with exceptions as regards _issue_, and that the
+left hand was given for the _right_.
+
+With regard to this latter, it would be desirable to trace whether
+giving of the hand had any _symbolic_ meaning. I think the
+astrologists consider the right as the nobler part of the body; if so,
+giving of _the left_ in this case is not without symbolic significance.
+It must be remembered how much symbolism prevailed among the tribes
+which swept Europe on the fall of the Roman empire, and their Eastern
+origin.
+
+The Morgengabe, according to Cancianus (_Leges Barbarorum_, tom. iv. p.
+24.), was at first a _free gift_ made by the husband after the first
+marriage night. This was carried to such excess, that Liutprand ordained
+
+    "Tamen ipsum Morgengabe volumus, ut non sit amplius nisi quarta
+    pars ejus substantia, qui ipsum Morgengabe dedit."
+
+This became subsequently converted into a _right_ termed _justitia_.
+
+Upon this extract from a charter,--
+
+    "Manifesta causa est mihi, quoniam die ilio quando te sposavi,
+    promiseram tibi dare _justitiam_ tuam secundum _legem meam_ [qr.
+    _my Lombard_ law in opposition to the Roman, which he had a
+    right to choose,] in Morgencap, id est, quartam portionem omnium
+    rerum mobilium et immobilium," &c.
+
+Cancianus thus comments:--
+
+    "Animadverte, quam recte charta hÊc cum supra alligatis formulis
+    conveniat. Sponsus promiserat Morgencap, quando feminam
+    desponsaverat, inde vero ante conjugium chartam conscribit: et
+    quod et Liutprandi lege, et ex antiquis moribus _Donum_ fuit
+    mere gratuitum, hic appellatur _Justitia_ secundum legem
+    Langobardorum."
+
+The Morgencap here assumes, I apprehend, somewhat the form of _dower_.
+That it was so, is very doubtful. (Grimm, vol. ii. p. 441.
+"Morgengabe.")
+
+    "An demselben Morgen empf‰ngt die JungFrau von ihrem Gemahl ein
+    ansehnliches Geschenk, welches Morgengabe heisst. Schon in der
+    Pactio Guntherammi et Childeberti, werden Dos und Morganagiba
+    _unterschieden_, ebenso _Leg. Rip._ 37. 2. _Alaman_. 56. 1, 2.
+    Dos und Morgangeba; _Lex Burgend._ 42. 2. Morgangeba und das
+    'pretium nuptiale;' bei den Langobarden, 'Meta und Morgengab.'"
+
+I do not say this answers the question of your correspondent G., which
+is, what is the _derivation_ of the word?
+
+Its actual signification, I think, means left-handed; but to think is
+not to resolve, and the question is open to the charitable contributions
+of your learned and able supporters.
+
+As regards the Fairy Morgana, who was married to a mortal, I confess,
+with your kind permission, I had rather not accept her as a satisfactory
+reply. It is as though you would accept "once upon a time" as a
+chronological date! She was _married_ to a mortal--true; but
+_morganatically_, I doubt it. If morganatic came from this, it should
+appear the _Fairy Morgana_ was the _first lady_ who so underwent the
+ceremony. Do not forget Lurline, who married also a mortal, of whom the
+poet so prettily sings:
+
+             "Lurline hung her head,
+              Turned pale, and then red;
+  And declared his abruptness in popping the question
+  So soon after dinner had spoilt her digestion."
+
+This lady's marriage resembled the other in all respects, and I leave
+you to decide, and no man is more competent, from your extensive
+knowledge of the mythology of Medieval Europe, whether Morgana, beyond
+the mere accident of her name, was more likely than Lurline to have
+added a word with a puzzling etymology to the languages of Europe. The
+word will, I think, be found of Eastern origin, clothed in a Teutonic
+form.
+
+After all, Jacob Grimm and Cancianus may interest your readers, and so I
+send the Note.
+
+S.H.
+
+AthenÊum, Sept. 6. 1850
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MINOR NOTES.
+
+_Alderman Beckford._--Gifford (_Ben Jonson_, vol. vi. p. 481.) has the
+following note:--
+
+    "The giants of Guildhall, thank heaven, yet defend their charge:
+    it only remains to wish that the citizens may take example by
+    the fate of Holmeby, and not expose them to an attack to which
+    they will assuredly be found unequal. It is not altogether owing
+    to their wisdom that this has not already taken place. For
+    twenty years they were chained to the car of a profligate
+    buffoon, who dragged them through every species of ignominy to
+    the verge of rebellion; and their hall is even yet disgraced
+    with the statue of a worthless negro-monger, in the act of
+    insulting their sovereign with a speech of which (factious and
+    brutal as he was) _he never uttered one syllable_." ... "By my
+    troth, captain, these are very bitter words."
+
+But Gifford was _generally_ correct in his assertions; and twenty-two
+years after _his_ note, I made the following one:--
+
+    "It is a curious fact, but a true one, that Beckford _did not
+    utter one syllable of this speech_. It was penned by Horne
+    Tooke, and by his art put on the records of the city and on
+    Beckford's statue, as he told me, Mr. Braithwaite, Mr. Seyers,
+    &c., at the Athenian Club.
+
+    "ISAAC REED.
+
+    "See the _Times_ Of July 23. 1838, p. 6."
+
+The worshipful Company of Ironmongers have _relegated their_ statue from
+their hall to a lower position: but it still disgraces the Guildhall,
+and will continue to do so, as long as any factious demagogue is
+permitted to have a place among its members.
+
+L.S.
+
+
+_The Frozen Horn._--Perhaps it is not generally known that the writer of
+_Munchausen's Travels_ borrowed this amusing incident from Heylin's
+_Mikrokosmos_. In the section treating of Muscovy, he says:--
+
+    "This excesse of cold in the ayre, gave occasion to _Castilian_,
+    in his _Aulicus_, wittily and not incongruously to faine that if
+    two men being smewhat distant, talke together in the winter,
+    their words will be so frozen that they cannot be heard: but if
+    the parties in the spring returne to the same place, their words
+    will melt in the same order that they were frozen and _spoken_,
+    and be plainly understood."
+
+J.S.
+
+Salisbury.
+
+
+_Inscription from Roma Subterranea._--If you deem the translation of
+this inscription, quoted in Lord Lindsay's fanciful but admirable
+_Sketches of the History of Christian Art_, worth a place among your
+Notes, it is very heartily at your service.
+
+  "Sisto viator
+  Tot ibi trophÊa, quot ossa
+  Quot martyres, tot triumphi.
+  Antra quÊ subis, multa quÊ cernis marmora,
+  Vel dum silent,
+  Palam RomÊ gloriam loquuntur.
+  Audi quid Echo resonet
+  SubterraneÊ RomÊ!
+  Obscura licet Urbis Cœmetria
+  Totius patens Orbis Theatrium!
+  Supplex Loci Sanetitatem venerare,
+  Et post hac sub luto aurum
+  Coelum sub coeno
+  Sub Rom‚ Romam quÊrito!"
+
+_Roma Subterranea_, 1651, tom. i. p. 625.
+
+(Inscription abridged.)
+
+  Stay, wayfarer--behold
+  In ev'ry mould'ring bone a trophy here.
+  In all these hosts of martyrs,
+  So many triumphs.
+  These vaults--these countless tombs,
+  E'en in their very silence
+  Proclaim aloud Rome's glory:
+  The echo'd fame
+  Of subterranean Rome
+  Rings on the ear.
+  The city's sepulchres, albeit hidden,
+  Present a spectacle
+  To the wide world patent.
+  In lowly rev'rence hail this hallow'd spot,
+  And henceforth learn
+  Gold beneath dross
+  Heav'n below earth,
+  Rome under Rome to find!
+
+F.T.J.B.
+
+Brookthorpe.
+
+
+_Parallel Passages._--
+
+    "_There is an acre sown with royal seed_, the copy of the
+    greatest change from rich to naked, from cieled roofs to arched
+    coffins, from _living like gods to die like men_."--Jeremy
+    Taylor's _Holy Dying_, chap. i. sect. 1. p. 272. ed. Edin.
+
+    "_Here's an acre sown_ indeed
+    _With_ the richest _royalest seeds_,
+    That the earth did e'er suck in,
+    Since the first man dyed for sin:
+    Here the bones of birth have cried,
+    Though _gods they were, as men they died_."
+    F. BEAUMONT
+
+M.W.
+Oxon.
+
+
+_A Note on George Herbert's Poems._--In the notes by Coleridge attached
+to Pickering's edition of George Herbert's _Poems_, on the line--
+
+  "My flesh beg_u_n unto my soul in pain,"
+
+Coleridge says--
+
+    "Either a misprint, or noticeable idiom of the word _began_:
+    Yes! and a very beautiful idiom it is: the first colloquy or
+    address of the flesh."
+
+The idiom is still in use in Scotland. "You had better not begin to me,"
+is the first address or colloquy of the school-boy half-angry
+half-frightened at the bullying of a companion. The idiom was once
+English, though now obsolete. Several instances of it are given in the
+last edition of Foxe's _Martyrs_, vol. vi. p. 627. It has not been
+noticed, however, that the same idiom occurs in one of the best known
+passages of Shakspeare; in Clarence's dream, _Richard III._, Act i. Sc.
+4.:
+
+  "O, then _began_ the tempest _to_ my soul."
+
+Herbert's _Poems_ will afford another illustration to Shakspeare,
+_Hamlet_, Act iv. Sc. 7.:--
+
+  "And then this _should_ is like a spendthrift sigh,
+  That hurts by easing."
+
+Coleridge, in the _Literary Remains_, vol. i. p. 233., says--
+
+  "In a stitch in the side, every one must have heaved
+  a sigh that hurts by easing."
+
+Dr. Johnson saw its true meaning:
+
+    "It is," he says, "a notion very prevalent, that sighs impair
+    the strength, and wear out the animal powers."
+
+In allusion to this popular notion, by no means yet extinct, Herbert
+says, p. 71.:
+
+  "Or if some years with it (a sigh) escape
+  The sigh then only is
+  A gale to bring me sooner to my bliss."
+
+D.S.
+
+
+"_Crede quod habes_," &c.--The celebrated answer to a Protestant about
+the real presence, by the borrower of his horse, is supposed to be made
+since the Reformation, by whom I forget:--
+
+  "Quod nuper dixisti
+  De corpore Christi
+  Crede quod edis et edis;
+  Sic tibi rescribo
+  De tuo palfrido
+  Crede quod habes et habes."
+
+But in Wright and Halliwell's _ReliquiÊ AntiquÊ_, p. 287., from a
+manuscript of the time of Henry VII., is given--
+
+  "Tu dixisti de corpore Christi, crede et habes
+  De palefrido sic tibi scribo, crede et habes."
+
+M.
+
+
+_Grant to the Earl of Sussex of Leave to be covered in the Royal
+Presence._--In editing Heylyn's _History of the Reformation_, I had to
+remark of the grant made by Queen Mary to the Earl of Sussex, that it
+was the only one of Heylyn's documents which I had been unable to trace
+elsewhere (ii. 90.). Allow me to state in your columns, that I have
+since found it in Weever's _Funeral Monuments_ (pp. 635, 636).
+
+J.C. ROBERTSON.
+
+Bekesbourne.
+
+
+_The first Woman formed from a Rib_ (Vol. ii., p. 213.).--As you have
+given insertion to an extract of a sermon on the subject of the creation
+of Eve, I trust you will allow me to refer your correspondent
+BALLIOLENSIS to Matthew Henry's commentary on the second chapter of
+Genesis, from which I extract the following beautiful explanation of the
+reason why the _rib_ was selected as the material whereof the woman
+should be created:--
+
+    "Fourthly, that the woman was made of a rib out of the side of
+    Adam; not made out of his head to top him, nor out of his feet
+    to be trampled upon by him; but out of his side to be equal with
+    him, under his arm to be protected, and near his heart to be
+    beloved."
+
+IOTA.
+
+
+_Beau Brummel's Ancestry._--Mr. Jesse some years back did ample justice
+to the history of a "London celebrity," George Brummell; but, from what
+he there stated, the following "Note" will, I feel assured, be a novelty
+to him. At the time that Brummell was considered in everything the
+_arbiter elegantiarum_, the writer of this has frequently heard Lady
+Monson (the widow of the second lord, and an old lady who, living to the
+age of ninety-seven, had a wonderful fund of interesting recollections)
+say, that this ruler of fashion was the descendant of a very excellent
+servant in the family. Not long ago, some old papers of the family being
+turned over, proofs corroborative of this came to light. William
+Brummell, from the year 1734 to 1764, was the faithful and confidential
+servant of Charles Monson, brother of the first lord: the period would
+identify him with the grandfather of the Beau; the only doubt was, that
+as Mr. Jesse has ascertained that William Brummell, the grandfather,
+was, in the interval above given, married, had a _son William_, and
+owned a house in Bury Street, how far these facts were compatible with
+his remaining as a servant living with Charles Monson, both in town and
+country. Now, in 1757, Professor Henry Monson of Cambridge being
+dangerously ill, his brother Charles sent William Brummell down, as a
+trustworthy person, to attend to him; and in a letter from Brummell to
+his master, he, with many other requisitions, wishes that there may be
+sent down to him a certain glass vessel, very useful for invalids to
+drink out of, and which, if not in Spring Gardens, "may be found in
+_Bury Street_. It was used when _Billy_ was ill." From the familiarity
+of the word "Billy," he must be speaking of his son. These facts are
+certainly corroborative of the old dowager's statement.
+
+M(2).
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+QUERIES.
+
+GRAY'S ELEGY AND DODSLEY POEMS.
+
+I have here, in the country, few editions of Gray's works by me, and
+those not the best; for instance, I have neither of those by the Rev. J.
+Mitford (excepting his Aldine edition, in one small volume), which,
+perhaps, would render my present Query needless. It relates to a line,
+or rather a word in the _Elegy_, which is of some importance. In the
+second stanza, as the poem is usually divided (though Mason does not
+give it in stanzas, because it was not so originally written), occurs,
+
+  "Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight."
+
+And thus the line stands in all the copies (five) I am able at this
+moment to consult. But referring to Dodsley's _Collection of Poems_,
+vol. iv., where it comes first, the epithet applied to "flight" is not
+"droning," but _drony_--
+
+  "Save where the beetle wheels his _drony_ flight."
+
+Has anybody observed upon this difference, which surely is worthy of a
+Note? I cannot find that the circumstance has been remarked upon, but,
+as I said, I am here without the means of consulting the best
+authorities. The _Elegy_, I presume, must have been first separately
+printed, and from thence transferred to Dodsley's _Collection_; and I
+wish to be informed by some person who has the earliest impression, how
+the line is there given? I do not know any one to whom I can appeal on
+such a point with greater confidence than to MR. PETER CUNNINGHAM, who,
+I know, has a large assemblage of the first editions of our most
+celebrated poets from the reign of Anne downwards, and is so well able
+to make use of them. It would be extraordinary, if _drony_ were the
+epithet first adopted by Gray, and subsequently altered by him to
+"droning," that no notice should have been taken of the substitution by
+any of the poet's editors. I presume, therefore, that it has been
+mentioned, and I wish to know where?
+
+Now, a word or two on Dodsley's _Collection of Poems_, in the fourth
+volume of which, as I have stated, Gray's-_Elegy_ comes first.
+Dodsley's is a popular and well-known work, and yet I cannot find _that
+anybody has given the dates connected with it accurately_. If Gray's
+_Elegy_ appeared in it for the first time (which I do not suppose), it
+came out in 1755 which is the date of vol. iv. of Dodsley's
+_Collection_, and not in 1757, which is the date of the Strawberry Hill
+edition of Gray's _Odes_. The Rev. J. Mitford (Aldine edit. xxxiii.)
+informs us that "Dodsley published three volumes of this _Collection_ in
+1752; the fourth volume was published in 1755 and the fifth and sixth
+volumes, which completed the _Collection_, in 1758." I am writing with
+the title-pages of the work open before me, and I find that the first
+three volumes were published, not in 1752, but in 1748, and that even
+this was the second edition so that there must have been an edition of
+the first three volumes, either anterior to 1748, or earlier in that
+year. The sale of the work encouraged Dodsley to add a fourth volume in
+1755, and two others in 1758 and the plate of Apollo and the Muses was
+re-engraved for vols. v. and vi., because the original copper, which had
+served for vols. i., ii., iii., and iv., was so much worn.
+
+This matter will not seem of such trifling importance to those who bear
+in mind, that if Gray's _Elegy_ did not originally come out in this
+_Collection_ in 1755, various other poems of great merit and
+considerable popularity did then make their earliest appearance.
+
+THE HERMIT OF HOLYPORT.
+
+Sept. 1850.
+
+P.S. My attention has been directed to the subject of Gray's _Poems_,
+and particularly to his _Elegy_, by a recent pilgrimage I made to Stoke
+Poges, which is only five or six miles from this neighbourhood. The
+church and the poet's monument to his mother are worth a much longer
+walk; but the mausoleum to Gray, in the immediate vicinity, is a
+preposterous edifice. The residence of Lady Cobham has been lamentably
+modernised.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HUGH HOLLAND AND HIS WORKS.
+
+The name of Hugh Holland has been handed down to posterity in connexion
+with that of our immortal bard; but few know anything of him beyond his
+commendatory verses prefixed to the first folio of Shakspeare.
+
+He was born at Denbigh in 1558, and educated at Westminster School while
+Camden taught there. In 1582 he matriculated at Baliol College, Oxford;
+and about 1590 he succeeded to a Fellowship at Trinity College,
+Cambridge. Thence he travelled into Italy, and at Rome was guilty of
+several indiscretions by the freedom of his conversations. He next went
+to Jerusalem to pay his devotions at the Holy Sepulchre, and on his
+return touched at Constantinople, where he received a reprimand from the
+English ambassador for the former freedom of his tongue. At his return
+to England, he retired to Oxford, and, according to Wood, spent some
+years there for the sake of the public library. He died in July, 1633,
+and was buried in Westminster Abbey, "in the south crosse aisle, neere
+the dore of St. Benet's Chapell," but no inscription now remains to
+record the event.
+
+Whalley, in Gifford's _Jonson_ (1. cccxiv.), says, speaking of Hugh
+Holland--
+
+    "He wrote several things, amongst which is the life of Camden;
+    but none of them, I believe, have been ever published."
+
+Holland published two works, the titles of which are as follows, and
+perhaps others which I am not aware of:--
+
+1. "Monumenta Sepulchralia Sancti Pauli. Lond. 1613. 4to."
+
+2. "A Cypres Garland for the Sacred Forehead of our late Soveraigne King
+James. Lond. 1625. 4to."
+
+The first is a catalogue of the monuments, inscriptions, and epitaphs in
+the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, which Nicolson calls "a mean and dull
+performance." It was, at any rate, very popular, being printed again in
+the years 1616, 1618, and 1633.
+
+The second is a poetical tract of twelve leaves, of the greatest
+possible rarity.
+
+Holland also printed commendatory verses before a curious musical work,
+entitled _Parthenia, or the Maydenhead of the First Musick for the
+Virginalls_, 1611; and a copy of Latin verses before Dr. Alexander's
+_Roxana_, 1632.
+
+In one of the Lansdowne MSS. are preserved the following verses written
+upon the death of Prince Henry, by "Hugh Hollande, fellow of Trinity
+College, Cambridge:"--
+
+  "Loe, where he shineth yonder
+  A fixed Star in heaven,
+  Whose motion here came under
+  None of the planets seven.
+  If that the Moone should tender
+  The Sun her love, and marry,
+  They both could not engender
+  So sweet a star as HARRY."
+
+Our author was evidently a man of some poetical fancy, and if not worthy
+to be classed "among the chief of English poets," he is at least
+entitled to a niche in the temple of fame.
+
+My object in calling attention to this long forgotten author is, to gain
+some information respecting his manuscript works. According to Wood,
+they consist of--1. Verses in Description of the chief Cities of Europe;
+2. Chronicle of Queen Elizabeth's reign; 3. Life of William Camden.
+
+Can any of your readers say in whose possession, or in what
+library, any of the above mentioned MSS. are at the present time? I
+should also feel obliged for any communication respecting Hugh Holland
+or his works, more especially frown original sources, or books not
+easily accessible.
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HARVEY'S CLAIM TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD.
+
+I have both a Note and a Query about Harvey and the circulation of the
+blood (Vol. ii., p. 187.). The Note refers to Philostratus (_Life of
+Apollorius_, p. 461., ed. 1809), _Nouvelles de la RÈpublique des
+Lettres_, June, 1684, xi.; and Dutens pp. 157-341. 4to. ed. 1796. I
+extract the passage from _Les Nouvelles_:--
+
+    "On voit avec plaisir un passage d'AndrÈ CÊsalpinus qui contient
+    fort clairement la doctrine de la circrilation. Il est tirÈ de
+    ses Questions sur la mÈdecine imprimÈes l'an 1593. Jean
+    Leonicenas ajo˚te que le pËre Paul dÈcouvrit la circulation du
+    sang, et les valvules des veines, mais qu'il n'osa pas en
+    parler, de peur d'exciter contre luy quelque tempÍte. Il n'etois
+    dÈj‡ que trop suspect, et il n'eut fallu que ce nouveau paradoxe
+    pour le transformer en hÈrÈtique dans le pais d'inquisition. Si
+    bien qu'il ne communiqua son secret qu'au seul Aquapendente, qui
+    n'osant s'exposer ‡ l'envie.... Il attendit ‡ l'heure de sa mort
+    pour mettre le livre qu'il avoit composÈ touchant les valvules
+    des veines entre les mains de la rÈpublique de Venise, et comme
+    les moindres nouveautez font peur en cc pais-l‡, le livre fut
+    cachÈ dans le billiothËque de Saint Marc. Mais parcequ'
+    Aquapendente ne fit pas difficultÈ de s'ouvrir ‡ un jeune
+    Anglois fort curieux nommÈ HarvÈe, qui Ètudioit sous lui a
+    PadouÎ, et qu'en mÍme temps le pËre Paul fit a mÍme confidence ‡
+    l'Ambassadeur d'Angleterre, ces deux Anglois de retour chez eux,
+    et se voyant en pais de libertÈ, publiËrent ce dogme, et l'ayant
+    confirmÈ par plusieurs expÈriences, s'en attribuËrent toute la
+    gloire."
+
+The Query is, what share Harvey had in the discovery attributed to him?
+
+W.W.B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Bernardus Patricius._--Some writers mention _Bernardus_ Patricius as a
+follower of Copernicus, about the time of Galileo. Who was he?
+
+M.
+
+
+_Meaning of Hanger._--Can any one of your readers inform me, what is the
+meaning of the word _hanger_, so frequently occurring in the names of
+places in Bedfordshire, such as Panshanger?
+
+W. Anderson
+
+
+_Cat and Bagpipes._--In studying some letters which passed between two
+distinguished philosophers of the last century, I have found in one
+epistle a request that the writer might be remembered "to his friends at
+the Crown and Anchor, and the _Cat and Bagpipes_." The letter was
+addressed to a party in London, where doubtless, both those places of
+entertainment were. The Crown and Anchor was the house where the Royal
+Society Club held its convivial meetings. Can you inform me where the
+Cat and Bagpipes was situated, and what literary and scientific club met
+there? The name seems to have been a favourite one for taverns, and, if
+I mistake not, is common in Ireland. Is it a corruption of some foreign
+title, as so many such names are, or merely a grotesque and piquant
+specimen of sign-board literature?
+
+Quasimodo.
+
+
+_Andrew Becket._--A.W. Hammond will feel obliged for any information
+respecting Andrew Becket, Esq., who died 19th January, 1843, Êt. 95, and
+to whose memory there is a handsome monument in Kennington Church.
+According to that inscription, he was "ardently devoted to the pursuits
+of literature," personally acquainted in early life with the most
+distinguished authors of his day, long the intimate friend of David
+Garrick, "and a profound commentator on the dramatic works of
+Shakspeare." Can any of the learned readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES"
+satisfy this Query?
+
+
+_Laurence Minot._--Is any other MS. of Minot known, besides the one from
+which Ritson drew his text? Is there any other edition of this poet
+besides Ritson's, and the reprints thereof?
+
+E.S. JACKSON.
+
+
+_Modena Family._--When did Victor Amadeus, King of Sardinia, die? When
+did his daughter, Mary Duchess of Modena, die, (the mother of the
+present Duke of Modena, and through whom he is the direct heir of the
+House of Stuart)?
+
+L.M.M.R.
+
+
+_Bamboozle._--What is the etymology of _bamboozle_, used as a verb?
+
+L.M.M.R.
+
+
+_Butcher's Blue Dress._--What is the origin of the custom, which seems
+all but universal in England, for butchers to wear a blouse or frock of
+_blue_ colour? Though so common in this country as to form a distinctive
+mark of the trade, and to be almost a butcher's uniform, it is, I
+believe, unknown on the continent. Is it a custom which has originate in
+some supposed utility, or in the official dress of a guild or company,
+or in some accident of which a historical notice has been preserved?
+
+L.
+
+
+_Hatchment and Atchievement._--Can any one of the readers of "NOTES AND
+QUERIES" tell me how comes the corruption _hatchment_ from
+_atchievement_? Ought the English word to be spelt with a _t_, or thus,
+_achievement_? Why are hatchments put up in churches and on houses?
+
+W. ANDERSON.
+
+
+"_Te colui Virtutem_."--Who is the author of the line--
+
+  "Te colui virtutem ut rem ast tu nomen inane es?"
+
+It is a translation of part of a Greek tragic fragment, quoted,
+according to Dio Cassius, by Brutus just before his death. As much as is
+here translated is also to be found in Plutarch _De Superstitione_.
+
+E.
+
+
+"_Illa suavissima Vita_."--Where does "Illa suavissima vita indies
+sentire se fieri meliorem" come from?
+
+E.
+
+
+_Christianity, Early Influence of._--"The beneficial influence of the
+Christian clergy during the first thousand years of the Christian era."
+
+What works can be recommended on the above subject?
+
+X.Y.Z.
+
+
+_Wraxen, Meaning of._--What is the origin and meaning of the word
+_wraxen_, which was used by a Kentish woman on being applied to by a
+friend of mine to send her children to the Sunday-school, in the
+following sentence?--"Why, you see, they go to the National School all
+the week, and get so _wraxen_, that I cannot send them to the Sunday
+School too."
+
+G.W. Skyring.
+
+
+_Saint, Legend of a._--Can any of your correspondents inform me where I
+can find the account of some saint who, when baptizing a heathen,
+inadvertently pierced the convert's foot with the point of his crozier.
+The man bore the pain without flinching, and when the occurrence was
+discovered, he remarked that he thought it was part of the ceremony?
+
+J.Y.C.
+
+
+_Land Holland--Farewell._--In searching some Court Rolls a few days
+since, I found some land described as "Land Holland" or "Hollandland." I
+have been unable to discover the meaning of this expression, and should
+be glad if any of your correspondents can help me.
+
+In the same manor there is custom for the tenant to pay a sum as a
+_farewell_ to the lord on sale or alienation: this payment is in
+addition to the ordinary fine, &c. Query the origin and meaning of this?
+
+J.B.C.
+
+
+_Stepony Ale._--Chamberlayne, in his _Present State of England_ (part.
+i. p. 51., ed. 1677), speaking of the "Dyet" of the people, thus
+enumerates the prevailing beverages of the day:--
+
+    "Besides all sorts of the best wines from Spain, France, Italy,
+    Germany, Grecia, there are sold in London above twenty sorts of
+    other drinks: as brandy, coffee, chocolate, tea, aromatick, mum,
+    sider, perry, beer, ale; many sorts of ales very different, as
+    cock, _stepony_, stickback, Hull, North-Down, Sambidge, Betony,
+    scurvy-grass, sage-ale, &c. A piece of wantonness whereof none
+    of our ancestors were ever guilty."
+
+It will be observed that the ales are named in some instances from
+localities, and in others from the herbs of which they were decoctions.
+Can any of your readers tell me anything of Stepony ale? Was it ale
+brewed at Stepney?
+
+James T. Hammack
+
+
+"_Regis ad Exemplar_."--Can you inform me whence the following line is
+taken?
+
+  "Regis ad exemplar totus componitur orbis."
+
+Q.Q.Q.
+
+
+"_La Caconacquerie_".--Will one of your numerous correspondents be kind
+enough to inform me what is the true signification and derivation of the
+word "caconac?" D'Alembert, writing to Voltaire concerning Turgot, says:
+
+    "You will find him an excellent _caconac_, though he has reasons
+    for not avowing it:--la caconacquerie ne mËne pas ‡ la fortune."
+
+Ardern.
+
+
+_London Dissenting Ministers: Rev. Thomas Tailer._--Not being entirely
+successful in my Queries with regard to "London Dissenting Ministers"
+(Vol. i., pp. 383. 444. 454.), I will state a circumstance which,
+possibly, may assist some one of your correspondents in furnishing an
+answer to the second of those inquiries.
+
+In the lines immediately referred to, where certain Nonconformist
+ministers of the metropolis are described under images taken from the
+vegetable world, the late Rev. Thomas Tailer (of Carter Lane), whose
+voice was feeble and trembling, is thus spoken of:--
+
+  "Tailer tremulous as aspen leaves."
+
+But in verses afterwards circulated, if not printed, the censor was
+rebuked as follows:--
+
+  "Nor tell of Tailer's trembling voice so weak,
+  While from his lips such charming accents break,
+  And every virtue, every Christian grace,
+  Within his bosom finds a ready place."
+
+No encomium could be more deserved, none more seasonably offered or more
+appropriately conveyed. I knew Mr. Tailer, and am pleased in cherishing
+recollections of him.
+
+W.
+
+
+_Mistletoe as a Christmas Evergreen._--Can any of your readers inform me
+at what period of time the mistletoe came to be recognised as a
+Christmas evergreen? I am aware it played a great part in those
+ceremonies of the ancient Druids which took place towards the end of the
+year, but I cannot find any allusion to it, in connexion with the
+Christian festival, before the time of Herrick. You are of course aware,
+that there are still in existence some five or six very curious old
+carols, of as early, or even an earlier date than the fifteenth century,
+in praise of the holly or the ivy, which said carols used to be sung
+during the Christmas festivities held by our forefathers but I can
+discover no allusion even to the mistletoe for two centuries later. If
+any of your readers should be familiar with any earlier allusion in
+prose, but still more particularly in verse, printed or in manuscript, I
+shall feel obliged by their pointing it out.
+
+V.
+
+
+_Poor Robin's Almanacks._--I am anxious to ascertain in which public or
+private library is to be found the most complete collection of Poor
+Robin's _Almanacks_: through the medium of your columns, I may, perhaps,
+glean the desired information.
+
+V.
+
+
+_Sirloin._--When on a visit, a day or two since, to the very interesting
+_ruin_ (for so it must be called) of Haughton Castle, near Blackburn,
+Lancashire, I heard that the origin of this word was the following freak
+of James I. in his visit to the castle; a visit, by the way, which is
+said to have ruined the host, and to have been not very profitable even
+to all his descendants. A magnificent loin of meat being placed on the
+table before his Majesty, the King was so struck with its size and
+excellence, that he drew his sword, and cried out, "By my troth, I'll
+knight thee, Sir Loin!" and then and there the title was given; a title
+which has been honoured, unlike other knighthoods, by a goodly
+succession of illustrious heirs. Can any of your correspondents vouch
+for the truth of this?
+
+H.C.
+Bowden, Manchester.
+
+
+_Thomson of Esholt._--In the reign of Henry VIII. arms were granted to
+Henry Thomson, of Esholt, co. York, one of that monarch's
+gentlemen-at-arms at Boulogne. The grant was made by Laurence Dalton,
+Norroy. The shield was--Per fesse embattled, ar. and sa., three falcons,
+belted, countercharged--a _bend_ sinister. Crest: An armed arm, embowed,
+holding a lance, erect. Families of the name of Thompson, bearing the
+same shield, have been seated at Kilham, Scarborough, Escrick, and other
+places in Yorkshire. My inquiries are,--
+
+1. Will any of your readers by kind enough to inform me where any
+mention is made of this grant, and the circumstances under which it was
+made?
+
+2. Whether any _ancient_ monuments, or heraldic bearings of the family,
+are still extant in any parts of Yorkshire?
+
+3. Whether any work on Yorkshire genealogies exists, and what is the
+best to be consulted?
+
+JAYTEE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Pension_ (Vol. ii., p. 134.).--In the _Dictionnaire Universelle_, 1775,
+vol. ii. p. 203., I find the following explanation of the French word
+_Pension_:--
+
+    "Somme qu'on donne pour la nourriture et le logement de
+    quelqu'un. _Il se dit aussi du lieu o˘ l'on donne ‡ manger._"
+
+May not the meeting of the benchers have derived its name for their
+dining-room in which they assembled?
+
+BRAYBROOKE.
+
+
+_Execution of Charles I._ (Vol. ii., pp. 72. 110-140. 158.).--In Lilly's
+_History of his Life and Times_, I find the following interesting
+account in regard to the vizored execution of Charles I., being part of
+the evidence he gave when examined before the first parliament of King
+Charles II. respecting the matter. Should any of your correspondents be
+able to substantiate this, or produce more conclusive evidence in
+determining who the executioner was, I shall be extremely obliged. Lilly
+writes,--
+
+    "Liberty being given me to speak, I related what follows: viz.,
+    That the next Sunday but one after Charles I. was beheaded,
+    Robert Spavin Secretary to Lieutenant-General Cromwell at that
+    time, invited himself to dine with me, and brought Anthony
+    Pearson and several others along with him to dinner. That their
+    principal discourse all dinner time was only who it was that
+    beheaded the king. One said it was the common hangman; another,
+    Hugh Peters; others were also nominated, but none concluded.
+    Robert Spavin, so soon as dinner was done, took me by the hand,
+    and carried me to the south window. Saith he, 'These are all
+    mistaken; they have not named the man that did the fact: it was
+    Lieutenant-Colonel Joice. I was in the room when he fitted
+    himself for the work; stood behind him when he did it; when
+    done, went in with him again: there is no man knows this but my
+    master, viz. Cromwell, Commissary Ireton, and myself.'--'Doth
+    Mr. Rushworth know it?' saith I. 'No, he doth not know it,'
+    saith Spavin. The same thing Spavin since has often related to
+    me, when we were alone."
+
+R.W.E.
+Cheltenham.
+
+
+_Paper Hangings_ (Vol. ii., p. 134.).--"It was on the walls of this
+drawing-room (the king's at Kensington Palace) that the then new art of
+paper-hangings, in imitation of the old velvet flock, was displayed with
+an effect that soon led to the adoption of so cheap and elegant a
+manufacture, in preference to the original rich material from which it
+was copied."--W.H. Pyne's _Royal Residences_, vol. ii. p. 75.
+
+M.W.
+
+
+_Black-guard._--There are frequent entries among those of deaths of
+persons attached to the Palace of Whitehall, in the registers of St.
+Margaret's, Westminster, of "----, one of the blake garde." about the
+year 1566, and later. In the Churchwarden's Accompts we find--
+
+    "1532. Pd. for licence of 4 torchis for Black Garde, vj. d."
+
+The royal Halberdiers carried black bills. (Grose, _Milit. Antiq._, vol.
+i. p. 124.) In 1584 they behaved with great cruelty in Ireland.
+(Cornp. Peck's _Des. Curios._, vol. i. p. 155.) So Stainhurst, in his
+_Description_, says of bad men: "They are taken for no better than
+rakehells, or the devil's blacke guarde."--Chap. 8. Perhaps, in
+distinction to the gaily dressed military guard, the menial attendants
+in a royal progress were called black-guards from their dull appearance.
+
+I remember a story current in Dublin, of a wicked wag telling a highly
+respectable old lady, who was asking, where were the quarters of the
+guards, in which corps her son was a private, to inquire at the lodge of
+Trinity College if he was not within those learned walls, as the "black
+guards were lying there."
+
+M.W.
+
+
+_Pilgrims' Road_ (Vol. ii., p. 237.).--Your correspondent S.H., in
+noticing the old track "skirting the base of the chalk hills," and known
+by the name of the "Pilgrims' Road," has omitted to state that its
+commencement is at Oxford,--a fact of importance, inasmuch as that the
+Archbishops of Canterbury had there a handsome palace (the ruins of
+which still exist), which is said to have been the favourite residence
+of Thomas ‡ Becket. The tradition in the county thereupon is, that his
+memory was held in such sanctity in that neighbourhood as to cause a
+vast influx of pilgrims annually from thence to his shrine at
+Canterbury; and the line of road taken by them can still be traced,
+though only portions of it are now used as a highway. The direction,
+however, in which it runs makes it clear (as S.H., no doubt, is aware)
+that it cannot be Chaucer's road.
+
+While on the subject of old roads, I may add that a tradition here
+exists that the direct road between London and Tunbridge did not pass
+through Sevenoaks; and a narrow lane which crosses the Pilgrims' road
+near Everham is pointed out as the former highway, and by which Evelyn
+must have been journeying (passing close, indeed, to the seat of his
+present descendant at St. Clere) when he met with that amusing
+robber-adventure at Procession Oak.
+
+M(2).
+
+
+_Pilgrims' Road to Canterbury._--In the _AthenÊum_ of Nov. 2nd, 1844,
+there is a notice of _Remarks upon Wayside Chapels; with Observations on
+the Architecture and present State of the Chantry on Wakefield Bridge_:
+By John Chessell and Charles Buckler--in which the reviewer says--
+
+    "In our pedestrianism we have traced the now desolate ruins of
+    several of these chapels along the old pilgrims' road to
+    Canterbury."
+
+If this writer would give us the results of his pedestrianism, it would
+be acceptable to _all_ the lovers of Chaucer. I do not know whether
+PHILO-CHAUCER will find anything to his purpose in the pamphlet
+reviewed.
+
+E.S. JACKSON.
+
+
+_Combs buried with the Dead._--In Vol. ii., p. 230., the excellent vicar
+of Morwenstow asks the reason why combs are found in the graves of St.
+Cuthbert and others, monks, in the cathedral church of Durham. I imagine
+that they were the combs used at the first tonsure of the novices, to
+them a most interesting memorial of that solemn rite through life, and
+from touching affection to the brotherhood among whom they had dwelt,
+buried with them at their death.
+
+M.W.
+
+
+_The Comb_, concerning "the origin and intent" of which MR. HAWKER (Vol.
+ii., p. 230.) seeks information, was for ritual use; and its purposes
+are fully described in Dr. Rock's _Church of our Fathers_, t. ii. p.
+122., &c.
+
+LITURGICUS.
+
+
+_AÎrostation._--C.B.M. will find in the _AthenÊum_ for August 10th,
+1850, a notice of a book on this subject.
+
+E.S. JACKSON.
+
+
+_St. Thomas of Lancaster_ (Vol. i., p. 181.).--MR. R.M. MILNES desires
+information relative to "St. Thomas of Lancaster." This personage was
+Earl of Leicester as well as Earl of Lancaster; and I find in the
+archives of this borough numerous entries relative to him,--of payments
+made to him by the burgesses. Of these mention is made in a _History of
+Leicester_ recently published. The most curious fact I know of is, that
+on the dissolution of the monasteries here, several relics of St.
+Thomas, among others, his felt hat, was exhibited. The hat was
+considered a great remedy for the headache!
+
+JAYTEE.
+
+
+_Smoke Money_ (Vol. ii., p. 120.).--"Anciently, even in England, were
+Whitsun farthings, or smoke farthings, which were a composition for
+offerings made in Whitsun week, by every man who occupied a house with a
+chimney, to the cathedral of the diocese in which he lived."--Audley's
+_Companion to the Almanac_, p. 76.
+
+Pentecostals, or Whitsun Farthings, are mentioned by Pegge as being paid
+in 1788 by the parishioners of the diocese of Lichfield, in aid of the
+repairs of the cathedral, to the dean and chapter; but he makes no
+allusion to the word _smoke_, adding only that in this case the payment
+went by the name of Chad-pennies, or Chad-farthings, the cathedral there
+being dedicated to St. Chad.
+
+C.I.R.
+
+
+_Robert Herrick_ (Vol. i., p. 291.).--MR. MILNER BARRY states that he
+found an entry of the burial of the poet Herrick in the parish books of
+Dean Prior. As MR. BARRY seems interested in the poet, I would inform
+him that a voluminous collection of family letters of early date is now
+in the possession of William Herrick, Esq., of Beaumanor Park, the
+present representative of that ancient and honourable house.
+
+JAYTEE.
+
+
+_Guildhalls._--The question in Vol. i., p. 320., relative to guildhalls,
+provokes an inquiry into guilds. In the erudite and instructive
+work of Wilda on the _Guild System of the Middle Ages (Gildenwesen im
+Mittel‰lter)_ will be found to be stated that guilds were associations
+of various kinds,--convivial, religions, and mercantile, and so on; and
+that places of assembly were adopted by them. A guild-house where eating
+and drinking took place, was to be met with in most villages in early
+times: and these, I fancy, were the guild-halls. On this head consult
+Hone's _Every-day Book_, vol. ii. p. 670., and elsewhere, in connexion
+with Whitsuntide holidays.
+
+JAYTEE.
+
+
+_AbbÈ Strickland_ (Vol. ii., pp. 198. 237.).--The fullest account of the
+AbbÈ Strickland, _Bishop of Namur_, is to be found in Lord Hervey's
+_Memoirs_ (Vol. i., p. 391.), and a most curious account it is of that
+profligate intriguer.
+
+C.
+
+
+_Long Lonkin_ (Vol. ii., pp. 168. 251.).--This ballad does not relate to
+Cumberland, but to Northumberland. This error was committed by Miss
+Landon (in the _Drawing-room Scrap-book_ for 1835), to whom a lady of
+this town communicated the fragment through the medium of a friend. Its
+real locality is a ruined tower, seated on the corner of an extensive
+earth-work surrounded by a moat, on the western side of Whittle Dean,
+near Ovingham. Since this period, I have myself taken down many
+additional verses from the recitation of the adjacent villagers, and
+will be happy to afford any further information to your inquirer,
+SELEUCUS.
+
+G. BOUCHIER RICHARDSON.
+Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Sept. 7. 1850.
+
+
+_Havock_ (Vol. ii., p. 215.).--The presumed object of literary men being
+the investigation of truth, your correspondent JARLTZBERG will, I trust,
+pardon me for suggesting that his illustration of the word _havock_ is
+incomplete, and especially with reference to the line of Shakspeare
+which he has quoted:
+
+  "Cry havock! and let slip the dogs of war."
+
+Grose, in his _History of English Armour_, vol. ii. p. 62., says that
+_havok_ was the word given as a signal for the troops to disperse and
+pillage, as may be learned from the following article in the _Droits of
+the Marshal_, vol. ii. p. 229., wherein it is declared, that--
+
+    "In the article of plunder, all the sheep and hogs belong to
+    such private soldiers as can take them; and that on the word
+    havok being cried, every one might seize his part; but this
+    probably was only a small part of the licence supposed to be
+    given by the word."
+
+He also refers to the ordinance of Richard II.
+
+In agreeing with your correspondent that the use of this word was the
+signal for general massacre, unlimited slaughter, and giving no quarter,
+as well as taking plunder in the manner described above, the omission of
+which I have to complain is, that, in stating no one was to raise the
+cry, under penalty of losing his head, he did not add the words, "the
+king excepted." It was a royal act; and Shakspeare so understood it to
+be; as will appear from the passage referred to, if fully and fairly
+quoted:--
+
+  "And CÊsar's spirit, ranging for revenge,
+  With AtÈ by his side, come hot from hell,
+  Shall in these confines, _with a monarch's voice_,
+  Cry Havock! and let slip the dogs of war."
+                                  _Julius CÊsar_ Act iii.
+
+It is not at this moment in my power to assist F.W. with the reference
+to the history of Bishop Berkeley's giant, though it exists somewhere in
+print. The subject of the experiment was a healthy boy, who died in the
+end, in consequence of over-growth, promoted (as far as my recollection
+serves me) principally by a peculiar diet.
+
+W(1).
+
+
+_Becket's Mother._--I do not pretend to explain the facts mentioned by
+MR. FOSS (Vol. ii., p. 106.), that the hospital founded in honour of
+Becket was called "The Hospital of St. Thomas the Martyr, _of Acon_;"
+and that he was himself styled "St. Thomas _Acrenis_, or _of Acre_;" but
+I believe that the true explanation must be one which would not be a
+hindrance to the rejection of the common story as to the Archbishop's
+birth. _If_ these titles were intended to connect the Saint with Acre in
+Syria, they may have originated after the legend had become popular. But
+it seems to me more likely, that, like some other city churches and
+chapels, that of St. Thomas got its designation from something quite
+unconnected with the history of the patron. In particular, I would ask
+what is the meaning of "St. Nicolas _Acons_?" And may not the same
+explanation (whatever it be) serve for "St. Thomas _of Acon_?" Or the
+hospital may have been built on some noted "acre" (like _Long Acre_ and
+_Pedlars Acre_); and if afterwards churches in other places were
+consecrated to St. Thomas under the designation "_of Acre_," (as to
+which point I have no information), the churches of "our Lady _of
+Loretto_," scattered over various countries, will supply a parallel. As
+to the inference which Mr. Nichols (_Pilgrimages_, p. 120.) draws from
+the name _Acrensis_, that Becket was _born at_ Acre, I must observe that
+it introduces a theory which is altogether new, and not only opposed to
+the opinion that the Archbishop was of English or Norman descent on both
+sides, but _essentially_ contradictory of the legend as to the fair
+Saracen who came from the East in search of her lover.
+
+J.C.R.
+
+
+_Watching the Sepulchre_ (Vol. i., pp. 318. 354. 403.).--In the parish
+books of Leicester various entries respecting the Sepulchre occur. In
+the year 1546, when a sale took place of the furniture of St. Martin's
+Church, the "Sepulchre light" was sold to Richard Rainford for
+21s. 10d. In the reign of Queen Mary gatherings were made for the
+"Sepulchre lights;" timber for making the lights cost 5s.; the light
+itself, 4s.; and painting the Sepulchre, and a cloth for "our lady's
+altar," cost 1s. 10d. Facts like these might be multiplied.
+
+JAYTEE.
+
+
+_Portraits of Charles I. in Churches_ (Vol. i., pp. 137. 184.).--In
+reference to this I have to state, that in the south aisle of the church
+of St. Martin, in Leicester, a painting of this kind is yet to be seen,
+or was lately. It was executed by a Mr. Rowley, for 10l., in the year
+1686. It represents the monarch in a kneeling attitude.
+
+JAYTEE.
+
+
+_Joachim, the French Ambassador_ (Vol. ii., p. 229.).--In Rapin's
+_History of England_ I find this ambassador described as "Jean-Joachim
+de Passau, Lord of Vaux." This may assist AMICUS.
+
+J.B.C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MISCELLANEOUS
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+The Rev. Mackenzie Walcott, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford, whose
+pleasant gossiping _Memorials of Westminster_, and _History of St.
+Margaret's Church_, are no doubt familiar to many of our readers, is, as
+an old Wykehamist, collecting information for a "History of Commoners
+and the Two S. Marie Winton Colleges;" and will feel obliged by lists of
+illustrious alumni, and any notes, archÊological and historical, about
+that noble school, which will be duly acknowledged.
+
+The _Cambrian ArchÊological Association_, which was established in 1846
+for the purpose of promoting the study and preservation of the
+antiquities of Wales and the Marches, held its fourth anniversary
+meeting in the ancient and picturesque town of Dolgelly, during the week
+commencing the 26th ultimo. The Association is endeavouring to extend
+its usefulness by enlarging the number of its members; and as its
+subscribing members receive in return for their yearly pound, not only
+the Society's Journal, the _ArchÊologia Cambrensis_ but also the annual
+volume of valuable archÊological matter published by the Association, we
+cannot doubt but their exertions will meet the sympathy and patronage of
+all who take an interest in the national and historical remains of the
+principality.
+
+The preceding paragraph was scarcely finished when we received proof of
+the utility of the Association in Mr. Freeman's volume, entitled
+_Remarks on the Architecture of Llandaff Cathedral, with an Essay
+towards a History of the Fabric_--a volume which, as we learn from the
+preface, had its origin in the observations on some of the more singular
+peculiarities of the fabric made by the author at the Cardiff meeting of
+the Association in 1849. These remarks were further developed in a paper
+in the _ArchÊologia Cambrensis_; and have now been expanded into the
+present descriptive and historical account of a building which, to use
+Mr. Freeman's words, "in many respects, both of its history and
+architecture, stands quite alone among English churches." Mr. Freeman's
+ability to do justice to such a subject is well known: and his work will
+therefore assuredly find a welcome from the numerous body of students of
+church architecture now to be found in this country; and to their
+judgments we leave it.
+
+_Notes on Bishop Jeremy Taylor's Works._ A reprint being called for of
+vol. vi. of the present edition of Bishop Taylor's works, the Editor
+will be glad of any assistance towards verifying the references which
+have been omitted. The volume is to go to press early in October.
+
+Messrs. Puttick and Simpson will commence on Monday next a six days'
+sale of valuable books in all classes of literature; oriental, and other
+manuscripts; autograph letters; engravings, miniatures, paintings, &c.
+
+Messrs. Southgate and Barrett will sell on Tuesday next some fine
+portraits and engravings; together with a very interesting and extensive
+collection of nearly 200 original proclamations (extending from 1631 to
+1695), two books printed by Pynson, unknown to bibliographers (viz.
+_Aphthonii SophistÊ PrÊxercitamenta_ and _Ciceronis Orationes
+PhilippicÊ_ and a few valuable MSS).
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+
+WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+ESSAYS, SCRIPTURAL, MORAL, AND LOGICAL, by W. and T. Ludlam. 2 vols.
+8vo. London, 1807.
+
+ELDERFIELD (C.), DISQUISITIONS ON REGENERATION, BAPTISM, &c., 4to.
+London, 1653.
+
+DODWELL (HENRY, M.A.), DISCOURSE PROVING FROM SCRIPTURES THAT THE SOUL
+IS A PRINCIPLE NATURALLY MORTAL, &c.
+
+THE TALE OF A TUB REVERSED, for the universal Improvement of Mankind,
+with a character of the Author.
+
+REFLECTIONS ON MR. BURCHET'S MEMOIRS, or, Remarks on his Account of
+Captain Wilmot's Expedition to the West Indies, by Col. Luke
+Lillingston. 1704. [Two copies wanted.]
+
+SEVEN CHAMPIONS OF CHRISTENDUM. [Any Edition before 1700.]
+
+CHAUCER'S CANTERBURY TALES AND OTHER POEMS, 2 vols. 12mo. [Cumberland's
+Edition.]
+
+Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+VOLUME THE FIRST OF NOTES AND QUERIES, _with Title-page and very copious
+Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and may be had, by
+order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen._
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured by the Trade at noon on Friday: so
+that our country Subscribers ought to experience no difficulty in
+receiving it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers are probably not
+yet aware of this arrangement, which enables them to receive Copies in
+their Saturday parcels._
+
+W.A. _will find an article on_ "The Owl was once a Baker's Daughter,"
+_quoted by Shakspeare, in one of_ MR. THOMS' _Papers on the_ FOLK LORE
+OF SHAKSPEARE, _published in the_ AthenÊum October and November 1847.
+
+       *       *       *       *       * 
+
+JUNIUS IDENTIFIED.
+
+In One Volume 8vo., price 6s., bds., (published in 1818 at 14s.). JUNIUS
+IDENTIFIED with SIR PHILIP FRANCIS. By JOHN TAYLOR. Second Edition, with
+the Appendix, containing the Plates of Handwriting.
+
+London: TAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, 28. Upper Gower-street; and 27. Ivy
+Lane, Paternoster Row.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+AMERICA AND IRELAND.--MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, Number XI. for 1850,
+contains many curious and interesting books on the above Countries with
+the usual valuable Miscellanies in all departments, Published this day,
+GRATIS.
+
+The following Books may also be had of him:--
+
+BALLAD ROMANCES, by R. H. HORNE, Esq., author of "Orion."
+&c.--Containing the Noble Heart, a Bohemian Legend--The Monk of
+Swinstead Abbey, a Ballad Chronicle of the Death of King John--The Three
+Knights of Camelott, a Fairy Tale--The Ballad of Delora, or the Passion
+of Andrea Como--Red Gelert, a Welsh Legend--Ben Capstan, A Ballad of the
+Night Watch--The Elf of the Woodlands, a Child's Story, fcap. 8vo,
+elegantly printed and bound in cloth, 248 pages, only 2s. 6d.
+
+CRITICISMS AND ESSAYS On the Writings of Atherstone, Blair, Bowles, Sir
+E. Brydges, Carlyle, Carrington, Coleridge, Cowper, Croly, Gillfillian,
+Graham, Hazlitt, Heber, Heraud, Harvey, Irving, Keats, Miller, Pollock,
+Tighe, Wordsworth, and other Modern Writers, by the Rev. J.W. LESTER,
+B.A., royal 8vo., 100 pages of closely printed letterpress, originally
+published at 5s., reduced to 1s. 3d. 1848.
+
+"We give our cordial subscription to the general scope and tenor of his
+views, which are in the main promulgated with a perspicuity and
+eloquence not always found in the same individual."--_Church of England
+Quarterly Review._
+
+"Mr. Lester's volume is one of superior merit, and deserves a high rank
+among works of its class."--_Tail's Edinburgh Review._
+
+"He is the pioneer of the beautiful."--_Manchester Examiner._
+
+FALLACY OF GHOSTS, DREAMS, AND OMENS, with Stories of Witchcraft, Life
+in Death, and Monomania, by CHARLES OLLIER, 12mo., cloth. gilt, with
+Illustrations by G. Measom, 250 pages of amusing letterpress, only 2s.
+
+JOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos-street, Trafalgar-square.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Old Engravings, early Printed Books, Manuscripts, &c.
+
+SOUTHGATE and BARRETT will SELL by AUCTION, at their Rooms, 22.
+Fleet-street, on Tuesday, September 24, at 12. PORTRAITS and ENGRAVlNGS.
+incliding many proofs, a very interesting and extensive collection of
+original proclamations, two books printed by Pynson unknown to
+bibliographers: also a few very valuable Manuscripts relating to the
+counties of Stafford, Salon, Leicester, Wilts, &c., ancient statutes
+upon vellum. heraldic MSS., &c.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Just Published, 8vo., price 8s., with numerous Illustrations by Messrs.
+O. Jerrit and H. Shaw,
+
+REMARKS ON THE ARCHITECTURE OF LLANDAFF CATHEDRAL; with an Essay towards
+a History of the Fabric. By EDWARD A. FREEMAN, M.A., late Fellow of
+Trinity College, Oxford; author of the "History of Architecture."
+
+London: W. PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. Tenby: R. MASON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Just Published, price 5s., in post 8vo., cloth lettered; if sent by
+Post. 6s.
+
+THE POPE; Considered in his RELATIONS WITH THE CHURCH, TEMPORAL
+SOVEREIGNTIES, SEPARATED CHURCHES, and the CAUSE OF CIVILISATION. By
+COUNT JOSEPH DE MAISTRE. Translated by the Rev. AENEAS MC D. DAWSON.
+Embellished with a Portrait of His Holiness Pope Pius IX.
+
+London: C. DOLMAN, 61. New Bond-street; and 48A. Paternoster Row.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE PARLOUR LIBRARY, One Shilling each Volume.
+
+The Publishers beg to state that all G.P.R. JAMES's works lately out of
+print are again reprinted, and may be had of every bookseller and at all
+the railway stations. Works by the following popular authors have also
+been published in the "Parlour Library:"--
+
+A. Lamartine
+G.P.R. James
+Washington Irving
+Miss Mitford
+Author of "Emilia Wyndham"
+Miss Austen
+William Carleton
+Gerald Griffin
+Mary Howitt
+T.C. Grattan
+Mrs. S.C. Hall
+Rodolph Toppfer
+Leitch Ritchie
+The O'Hara Family
+W. Meinhold
+Alex. Dumas
+
+SIMMS and M'INTYRE, 13. Paternoster Row, London, and Belfast. Sold at
+all the Railway Stations.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Published by GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet-street.
+
+Now ready, 1 vol. 8vo., with etched Frontispiece, by Wehnert, and Eight
+Engravings, price 15s.
+
+SABRINAE COROLLA: a Volume Of Classical Translations with original
+Compositions contributed by Gentlemen educated at Shrewsbury School.
+
+Among the Contributors are the Head Masters of Shrewsbury. Stanford,
+Repton, Birmingham, and Uppingham Schools; Andrew Lawson, Esq., late
+M.P; the Rev. R. Shilleto, Cambridge; the Rev. T.S. Evans, Rugby; J.
+Riddell, Esq., Fellow of Baliol College, Oxford; the Rev. E.M. Cope,
+H.J. Hodgson, Esq., H.A.J. Munro, Esq., W.G. Clark, Esq., Fellows of
+Trinity College, Cambridge, and many other distinguished Scholars from
+both Universities.
+
+The Work is edited by three of the principal Contributors.
+
+"Highly creditable to the Scholarship of Shrewsbury, and indeed of
+England, and we wish it heartily success."--_Guardian._
+
+RULES FOR OVIDIAN VERSE, with some Hints on the Transition to the
+Virgilian Hexameter, and an Introductory Preface. Edited by JAMES TATE,
+A.M., Master of the Grammar School, Richmond. 8vo. sewed, 1s. 6d.
+
+FIRST STEPS TO LATIN VERSIFICATION, being an Analysis of the Scansion
+and Structure of the Ovidian Verse. Price 6d. on sheet; folded in cloth,
+1s.
+
+Just Published, fcp. 8vo., price 4s. 6d., cloth,
+
+CICERONIS CATO MAJOR, sive de Senectute, Laelius, site de Amicitia. et
+EpistolÊ SelectÊ; with English Notes and an Index. By GEORGE LONG. Being
+a second volume of the Grammar School Classics.
+
+"Mr. George Long has edited the De Senectute, and De Amicitia, together
+with some of the Epistles of Cicero, and has contributed a very clever
+preface upon the best way of teaching foreign, and especially classical,
+languages. Mr. Long's ability and reputation render any writing of his
+important, and his name is a pledge for the accuracy and value of the
+edition."--_Guardian._
+
+Also, a new edition, price 5s.,
+
+XENOPHON'S ANABASIS, with English Notes and Three Maps. By the Rev. J.F.
+MACMICHAEL, Master of the Grammar School, Burton-on-Trent. Being the
+first volume of Grammar School Classics.
+
+"We can confidently recommend this as the best school edition, and we
+feel certain that it will satisfy every reasonable demand that can be
+made."--_Classical Museum._
+
+12mo., cloth, 2s. 6d.
+
+SELECTIONS FROM OVID; AMORES, TRISTIA, HEROIDES, METAMORPHOSES: with
+prefatory remarks. This Selection is intended to afford an introduction,
+at once easy and unobjectionable, to a knowledge of the Latin Language,
+after a boy has become well acquainted with the declensions of nouns and
+pronouns, and the ordinary forms of verbs.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, September 21. 1850.
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 47, Saturday, September 21, 1850, by Various
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13936 ***