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diff --git a/old/13891.txt b/old/13891.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..176b836 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/13891.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6405 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Compilation of the Messages and Papers of +the Presidents, by Theodore Roosevelt + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents + Section 2 (of 2) of Supplemental Volume: Theodore Roosevelt, Supplement + +Author: Theodore Roosevelt + +Release Date: October 29, 2004 [EBook #13891] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THEODORE ROOSEVELT *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, David Garcia and the PG Online +Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + + + + + + + +A COMPILATION OF THE MESSAGES AND PAPERS OF THE PRESIDENTS + +BY JAMES D. RICHARDSON + + + + +Theodore Roosevelt + +September 14, 1901 + + * * * * * + +Messages, Proclamations, and Executive Orders to the +end of the Fifty-seventh Congress, First Session + + * * * * * + + + + +Theodore Roosevelt + +Theodore Roosevelt, the twenty-seventh President of the United States, +was born in the city of New York, October 27, 1858. His ancestors on the +paternal side were of an old Knickerbocker family, and on the maternal +side of Scotch-Irish descent. He was educated at home under private +tuition and prepared for matriculation into Harvard, where he was +graduated in 1880. He spent the year of 1881 in study and travel. During +the years 1882-1884 he was an assemblyman in the legislature of New +York. During this term of service he introduced the first civil service +bill in the legislature in 1883, and its passage was almost simultaneous +with the passage of the Civil Service Bill through Congress. In 1884 +he was the Chairman of the delegation from New York to the National +Republican Convention. He received the nomination for mayor of the city +of New York in 1886 as an Independent, but was defeated. He was made +Civil Service Commissioner by President Harrison in 1889 and served as +president of the board until May, 1895. He resigned to become President +of the New York Board of Police Commissioners in May, 1895. This +position, in which the arduous duties were discharged with remarkable +vigor and fearlessness, he resigned in 1897 to become Assistant +Secretary of the Navy. On the breaking out of the Spanish-American War +in 1898, he resigned on May 6, and, entering the army, organized the +First United States Volunteer ("Rough Rider") Regiment of Cavalry, +recommending Col. L.G. Wood to the command, and taking for himself the +second-in-command as lieutenant-colonel. He had gained his military +experience as a member of the Eighth Regiment of N.Y.N.G. from +1884-1888, during which time he rose to the rank of captain. The Rough +Riders were embarked at Tampa, Fla., with the advance of Shafter's +invading army, and sailed for Cuba on June 15, 1898. They participated +in every engagement preceding the fall of Santiago. Theodore Roosevelt +led the desperate charge of the Ninth Cavalry and the Rough Riders at +the Battle of San Juan Hill on July 1. He was made a colonel on July 11. +He received the nomination on September 27, 1898, for Governor of the +State of New York, obtaining 753 votes, against 218 for Gov. Frank S. +Black. At the election Theodore Roosevelt was supported by a majority +of the Independent Republicans and many Democrats, and defeated the +Democratic candidate, Judge Augustus Van Wyck, by a plurality of 18,079. +At the Republican Convention, held at Philadelphia in June, 1900, he was +nominated for Vice-President, upon which he resigned the governorship +of New York. Was elected Vice-President in November, 1900, and took the +oath of office March 4, 1901. President McKinley was shot September 6, +1901, and died September 14. His Cabinet announced his death to the +Vice-President, who took the oath of President at the residence of +Mr. Ansley Wilcox in Buffalo, before Judge John R. Hazel, of the United +States District Court, on September 14. + + + + +VICE-PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT'S INAUGURAL ADDRESS AS VICE-PRESIDENT. + +The history of free government is in large part the history of those +representative legislative bodies in which, from the earliest times, +free government has found its loftiest expression. They must ever hold +a peculiar and exalted position in the record which tells how the great +nations of the world have endeavored to achieve and preserve orderly +freedom. No man can render to his fellows greater service than is +rendered by him who, with fearlessness and honesty, with sanity and +disinterestedness, does his life work as a member of such a body. +Especially is this the case when the legislature in which the service is +rendered is a vital part in the governmental machinery of one of those +world powers to whose hands, in the course of the ages, is intrusted a +leading part in shaping the destinies of mankind. For weal or for woe, +for good or for evil, this is true of our own mighty nation. Great +privileges and great powers are ours, and heavy are the responsibilities +that go with these privileges and these powers. Accordingly as we do +well or ill, so shall mankind in the future be raised or cast down. +We belong to a young nation, already of giant strength, yet whose +political strength is but a forecast of the power that is to come. +We stand supreme in a continent, in a hemisphere. East and west we look +across the two great oceans toward the larger world life in which, +whether we will or not, we must take an ever-increasing share. And as, +keen-eyed, we gaze into the coming years, duties, new and old, rise +thick and fast to confront us from within and from without. There is +every reason why we should face these duties with a sober appreciation +alike of their importance and of their difficulty. But there is also +every reason for facing them with highhearted resolution and eager and +confident faith in our capacity to do them aright. A great work lies +already to the hand of this generation; it should count itself happy, +indeed, that to it is given the privilege of doing such a work. A +leading part therein must be taken by this the august and powerful +legislative body over which I have been called upon to preside. Most +deeply do I appreciate the privilege of my position; for high, indeed, +is the honor of presiding over the American Senate at the outset of +the twentieth century. + +MARCH 4, 1901. + + + + +MESSAGE. + + +WHITE HOUSE, _December 3, 1901_. + +_To the Senate and House of Representatives:_ + +The Congress assembles this year under the shadow of a great calamity. +On the sixth of September, President McKinley was shot by an anarchist +while attending the Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo, and died in that +city on the fourteenth of that month. + +Of the last seven elected Presidents, he is the third who has been +murdered, and the bare recital of this fact is sufficient to justify +grave alarm among all loyal American citizens. Moreover, the +circumstances of this, the third assassination of an American President, +have a peculiarly sinister significance. Both President Lincoln and +President Garfield were killed by assassins of types unfortunately not +uncommon in history; President Lincoln falling a victim to the terrible +passions aroused by four years of civil war, and President Garfield +to the revengeful vanity of a disappointed office-seeker. President +McKinley was killed by an utterly depraved criminal belonging to that +body of criminals who object to all governments, good and bad alike, +who are against any form of popular liberty if it is guaranteed by even +the most just and liberal laws, and who are as hostile to the upright +exponent of a free people's sober will as to the tyrannical and +irresponsible despot. + +It is not too much to say that at the time of President McKinley's +death he was the most widely loved man in all the United States; while +we have never had any public man of his position who has been so wholly +free from the bitter animosities incident to public life. His political +opponents were the first to bear the heartiest and most generous tribute +to the broad kindliness of nature, the sweetness and gentleness of +character which so endeared him to his close associates. To a standard +of lofty integrity in public life he united the tender affections and +home virtues which are all-important in the make-up of national +character. A gallant soldier in the great war for the Union, he also +shone as an example to all our people because of his conduct in the most +sacred and intimate of home relations. There could be no personal hatred +of him, for he never acted with aught but consideration for the welfare +of others. No one could fail to respect him who knew him in public or +private life. The defenders of those murderous criminals who seek to +excuse their criminality by asserting that it is exercised for political +ends, inveigh against wealth and irresponsible power. But for this +assassination even this base apology cannot be urged. + +President McKinley was a man of moderate means, a man whose stock sprang +from the sturdy tillers of the soil, who had himself belonged among the +wage-workers, who had entered the Army as a private soldier. Wealth was +not struck at when the President was assassinated, but the honest toil +which is content with moderate gains after a lifetime of unremitting +labor, largely in the service of the public. Still less was power struck +at in the sense that power is irresponsible or centered in the hands of +any one individual. The blow was not aimed at tyranny or wealth. It was +aimed at one of the strongest champions the wage-worker has ever had; at +one of the most faithful representatives of the system of public rights +and representative government who has ever risen to public office. +President McKinley filled that political office for which the entire +people vote, and no President--not even Lincoln himself--was ever more +earnestly anxious to represent the well thought-out wishes of the +people; his one anxiety in every crisis was to keep in closest touch +with the people--to find out what they thought and to endeavor to give +expression to their thought, after having endeavored to guide that +thought aright. He had just been re-elected to the Presidency because +the majority of our citizens, the majority of our farmers and +wage-workers, believed that he had faithfully upheld their interests for +four years. They felt themselves in close and intimate touch with him. +They felt that he represented so well and so honorably all their ideals +and aspirations that they wished him to continue for another four years +to represent them. + +And this was the man at whom the assassin struck! That there might be +nothing lacking to complete the Judas-like infamy of his act, he took +advantage of an occasion when the President was meeting the people +generally; and advancing as if to take the hand out-stretched to him +in kindly and brotherly fellowship, he turned the noble and generous +confidence of the victim into an opportunity to strike the fatal blow. +There is no baser deed in all the annals of crime. + +The shock, the grief of the country, are bitter in the minds of all +who saw the dark days, while the President yet hovered between life and +death. At last the light was stilled in the kindly eyes and the breath +went from the lips that even in mortal agony uttered no words save of +forgiveness to his murderer, of love for his friends, and of unfaltering +trust in the will of the Most High. Such a death, crowning the glory of +such a life, leaves us with infinite sorrow, but with such pride in what +he had accomplished and in his own personal character, that we feel the +blow not as struck at him, but as struck at the Nation. We mourn a good +and great President who is dead; but while we mourn we are lifted up by +the splendid achievements of his life and the grand heroism with which +he met his death. + +When we turn from the man to the Nation, the harm done is so great as +to excite our gravest apprehensions and to demand our wisest and most +resolute action. This criminal was a professed anarchist, inflamed by +the teachings of professed anarchists, and probably also by the reckless +utterances of those who, on the stump and in the public press, appeal to +the dark and evil spirits of malice and greed, envy and sullen hatred. +The wind is sowed by the men who preach such doctrines, and they cannot +escape their share of responsibility for the whirlwind that is reaped. +This applies alike to the deliberate demagogue, to the exploiter of +sensationalism, and to the crude and foolish visionary who, for whatever +reason, apologizes for crime or excites aimless discontent. + +The blow was aimed not at this President, but at all Presidents; at +every symbol of government. President McKinley was as emphatically the +embodiment of the popular will of the Nation expressed through the +forms of law as a New England town meeting is in similar fashion the +embodiment of the law-abiding purpose and practice of the people of the +town. On no conceivable theory could the murder of the President be +accepted as due to protest against "inequalities in the social order," +save as the murder of all the freemen engaged in a town meeting could +be accepted as a protest against that social inequality which puts a +malefactor in jail. Anarchy is no more an expression of "social +discontent" than picking pockets or wife-beating. + +The anarchist, and especially the anarchist in the United States, is +merely one type of criminal, more dangerous than any other because he +represents the same depravity in a greater degree. The man who advocates +anarchy directly or indirectly, in any shape or fashion, or the man +who apologizes for anarchists and their deeds, makes himself morally +accessory to murder before the fact. The anarchist is a criminal whose +perverted instincts lead him to prefer confusion and chaos to the most +beneficent form of social order. His protest of concern for workingmen +is outrageous in its impudent falsity; for if the political institutions +of this country do not afford opportunity to every honest and +intelligent son of toil, then the door of hope is forever closed against +him. The anarchist is everywhere not merely the enemy of system and of +progress, but the deadly foe of liberty. If ever anarchy is triumphant, +its triumph will last for but one red moment, to be succeeded for ages +by the gloomy night of despotism. + +For the anarchist himself, whether he preaches or practices his +doctrines, we need not have one particle more concern than for any +ordinary murderer. He is not the victim of social or political +injustice. There are no wrongs to remedy in his case. The cause of his +criminality is to be found in his own evil passions and in the evil +conduct of those who urge him on, not in any failure by others or by the +State to do justice to him or his. He is a malefactor and nothing else. +He is in no sense, in no shape or way, a "product of social conditions," +save as a highwayman is "produced" by the fact than an unarmed man +happens to have a purse. It is a travesty upon the great and holy names +of liberty and freedom to permit them to be invoked in such a cause. +No man or body of men preaching anarchistic doctrines should be allowed +at large any more than if preaching the murder of some specified private +individual. Anarchistic speeches, writings, and meetings are essentially +seditious and treasonable. + +I earnestly recommend to the Congress that in the exercise of its wise +discretion it should take into consideration the coming to this country +of anarchists or persons professing principles hostile to all government +and justifying the murder of those placed in authority. Such individuals +as those who not long ago gathered in open meeting to glorify the murder +of King Humbert of Italy perpetrate a crime, and the law should ensure +their rigorous punishment. They and those like them should be kept out +of this country; and if found here they should be promptly deported to +the country whence they came; and far-reaching provision should be made +for the punishment of those who stay. No matter calls more urgently for +the wisest thought of the Congress. + +The Federal courts should be given jurisdiction over any man who kills +or attempts to kill the President or any man who by the Constitution or +by law is in line of succession for the Presidency, while the punishment +for an unsuccessful attempt should be proportioned to the enormity of +the offense against our institutions. + +Anarchy is a crime against the whole human race; and all mankind should +band against the anarchist. His crime should be made an offense against +the law of nations, like piracy and that form of man-stealing known as +the slave trade; for it is of far blacker infamy than either. It should +be so declared by treaties among all civilized powers. Such treaties +would give to the Federal Government the power of dealing with the +crime. + +A grim commentary upon the folly of the anarchist position was afforded +by the attitude of the law toward this very criminal who had just taken +the life of the President. The people would have torn him limb from limb +if it had not been that the law he defied was at once invoked in his +behalf. So far from his deed being committed on behalf of the people +against the Government, the Government was obliged at once to exert its +full police power to save him from instant death at the hands of the +people. Moreover, his deed worked not the slightest dislocation in our +governmental system, and the danger of a recurrence of such deeds, no +matter how great it might grow, would work only in the direction of +strengthening and giving harshness to the forces of order. No man +will ever be restrained from becoming President by any fear as to his +personal safety. If the risk to the President's life became great, it +would mean that the office would more and more come to be filled by men +of a spirit which would make them resolute and merciless in dealing +with every friend of disorder. This great country will not fall into +anarchy, and if anarchists should ever become a serious menace to its +institutions, they would not merely be stamped out, but would involve in +their own ruin every active or passive sympathizer with their doctrines. +The American people are slow to wrath, but when their wrath is once +kindled it burns like a consuming flame. + +During the last five years business confidence has been restored, +and the nation is to be congratulated because of its present abounding +prosperity. Such prosperity can never be created by law alone, although +it is easy enough to destroy it by mischievous laws. If the hand of the +Lord is heavy upon any country, if flood or drought comes, human wisdom +is powerless to avert the calamity. Moreover, no law can guard us +against the consequences of our own folly. The men who are idle or +credulous, the men who seek gains not by genuine work with head or hand +but by gambling in any form, are always a source of menace not only +to themselves but to others. If the business world loses its head, +it loses what legislation cannot supply. Fundamentally the welfare of +each citizen, and therefore the welfare of the aggregate of citizens +which makes the nation, must rest upon individual thrift and energy, +resolution, and intelligence. Nothing can take the place of this +individual capacity; but wise legislation and honest and intelligent +administration can give it the fullest scope, the largest opportunity +to work to good effect. + +The tremendous and highly complex industrial development which went on +with ever accelerated rapidity during the latter half of the nineteenth +century brings us face to face, at the beginning of the twentieth, with +very serious social problems. The old laws, and the old customs which +had almost the binding force of law, were once quite sufficient to +regulate the accumulation and distribution of wealth. Since the +industrial changes which have so enormously increased the productive +power of mankind, they are no longer sufficient. + +The growth of cities has gone on beyond comparison faster than the +growth of the country, and the upbuilding of the great industrial +centers has meant a startling increase, not merely in the aggregate of +wealth, but in the number of very large individual, and especially of +very large corporate, fortunes. The creation of these great corporate +fortunes has not been due to the tariff nor to any other governmental +action, but to natural causes in the business world, operating in other +countries as they operate in our own. + +The process has aroused much antagonism, a great part of which is wholly +without warrant. It is not true that as the rich have grown richer the +poor have grown poorer. On the contrary, never before has the average +man, the wage-worker, the farmer, the small trader, been so well off +as in this country and at the present time. There have been abuses +connected with the accumulation of wealth; yet it remains true that a +fortune accumulated in legitimate business can be accumulated by the +person specially benefited only on condition of conferring immense +incidental benefits upon others. Successful enterprise, of the type +which benefits all mankind, can only exist if the conditions are such +as to offer great prizes as the rewards of success. + +The captains of industry who have driven the railway systems across +this continent, who have built up our commerce, who have developed our +manufactures, have on the whole done great good to our people. Without +them the material development of which we are so justly proud could +never have taken place. Moreover, we should recognize the immense +importance of this material development of leaving as unhampered as is +compatible with the public good the strong and forceful men upon whom +the success of business operations inevitably rests. The slightest study +of business conditions will satisfy anyone capable of forming a judgment +that the personal equation is the most important factor in a business +operation; that the business ability of the man at the head of any +business concern, big or little, is usually the factor which fixes +the gulf between striking success and hopeless failure. + +An additional reason for caution in dealing with corporations is to be +found in the international commercial conditions of today. The same +business conditions which have produced the great aggregations of +corporate and individual wealth have made them very potent factors +in international commercial competition. Business concerns which have +the largest means at their disposal and are managed by the ablest men +are naturally those which take the lead in the strife for commercial +supremacy among the nations of the world. America has only just begun +to assume that commanding position in the international business world +which we believe will more and more be hers. It is of the utmost +importance that this position be not jeoparded, especially at a time +when the overflowing abundance of our own natural resources and the +skill, business energy, and mechanical aptitude of our people make +foreign markets essential. Under such conditions it would be most +unwise to cramp or to fetter the youthful strength of our Nation. + +Moreover, it cannot too often be pointed out that to strike with +ignorant violence at the interests of one set of men almost inevitably +endangers the interests of all. The fundamental rule in our national +life--the rule which underlies all others--is that, on the whole, and in +the long run, we shall go up or down together. There are exceptions; +and in times of prosperity some will prosper far more, and in times +of adversity, some will suffer far more, than others; but speaking +generally, a period of good times means that all share more or less in +them, and in a period of hard times all feel the stress to a greater or +less degree. It surely ought not to be necessary to enter into any proof +of this statement; the memory of the lean years which began in 1893 is +still vivid, and we can contrast them with the conditions in this very +year which is now closing. Disaster to great business enterprises +can never have its effects limited to the men at the top. It spreads +through-out, and while it is bad for everybody, it is worst for those +farthest down. The capitalist may be shorn of his luxuries; but the +wage-worker may be deprived of even bare necessities. + +The mechanism of modern business is so delicate that extreme care must +be taken not to interfere with it in a spirit of rashness or ignorance. +Many of those who have made it their vocation to denounce the great +industrial combinations which are popularly, although with technical +inaccuracy, known as "trusts," appeal especially to hatred and fear. +These are precisely the two emotions, particularly when combined with +ignorance, which unfit men for the exercise of cool and steady judgment. +In facing new industrial conditions, the whole history of the world +shows that legislation will generally be both unwise and ineffective +unless undertaken after calm inquiry and with sober self-restraint. +Much of the legislation directed at the trusts would have been +exceedingly mischievous had it not also been entirely ineffective. +In accordance with a well-known sociological law, the ignorant or +reckless agitator has been the really effective friend of the evils +which he has been nominally opposing. In dealing with business +interests, for the Government to undertake by crude and ill-considered +legislation to do what may turn out to be bad, would be to incur the +risk of such far-reaching national disaster that it would be preferable +to undertake nothing at all. The men who demand the impossible or the +undesirable serve as the allies of the forces with which they are +nominally at war, for they hamper those who would endeavor to find out +in rational fashion what the wrongs really are and to what extent and +in what manner it is practicable to apply remedies. + +All this is true; and yet it is also true that there are real and grave +evils, one of the chief being over-capitalization because of its many +baleful consequences; and a resolute and practical effort must be made +to correct these evils. + +There is a widespread conviction in the minds of the American people +that the great corporations known as trusts are in certain of their +features and tendencies hurtful to the general welfare. This springs +from no spirit of envy or uncharitableness, nor lack of pride in the +great industrial achievements that have placed this country at the head +of the nations struggling for commercial supremacy. It does not rest +upon a lack of intelligent appreciation of the necessity of meeting +changing and changed conditions of trade with new methods, nor upon +ignorance of the fact that combination of capital in the effort to +accomplish great things is necessary when the world's progress demands +that great things be done. It is based upon sincere conviction that +combination and concentration should be, not prohibited, but supervised +and within reasonable limits controlled; and in my judgment this +conviction is right. + +It is no limitation upon property rights or freedom of contract to +require that when men receive from Government the privilege of doing +business under corporate form, which frees them from individual +responsibility, and enables them to call into their enterprises the +capital of the public, they shall do so upon absolutely truthful +representations as to the value of the property in which the capital is +to be invested. Corporations engaged in interstate commerce should be +regulated if they are found to exercise a license working to the public +injury. It should be as much the aim of those who seek for social +betterment to rid the business world of crimes of cunning as to rid the +entire body politic of crimes of violence. Great corporations exist only +because they are created and safeguarded by our institutions; and it is +therefore our right and our duty to see that they work in harmony with +these institutions. + +The first essential in determining how to deal with the great industrial +combinations is knowledge of the facts--publicity. In the interest of +the public, the Government should have the right to inspect and examine +the workings of the great corporations engaged in interstate business. +Publicity is the only sure remedy which we can now invoke. What further +remedies are needed in the way of governmental regulation, or taxation, +can only be determined after publicity has been obtained, by process +of law, and in the course of administration. The first requisite is +knowledge, full and complete--knowledge which may be made public to +the world. + +Artificial bodies, such as corporations and joint stock or other +associations, depending upon any statutory law for their existence or +privileges, should be subject to proper governmental supervision, and +full and accurate information as to their operations should be made +public regularly at reasonable intervals. + +The large corporations, commonly called trusts, though organized in +one State, always do business in many States, often doing very little +business in the State where they are incorporated. There is utter lack +of uniformity in the State laws about them; and as no State has any +exclusive interest in or power over their acts, it has in practice +proved impossible to get adequate regulation through State action. +Therefore, in the interest of the whole people, the Nation should, +without interfering with the power of the States in the matter itself, +also assume power of supervision and regulation over all corporations +doing an interstate business. This is especially true where the +corporation derives a portion of its wealth from the existence of some +monopolistic element or tendency in its business. There would be no +hardship in such supervision; banks are subject to it, and in their case +it is now accepted as a simple matter of course. Indeed, it is probable +that supervision of corporations by the National Government need not go +so far as is now the case with the supervision exercised over them by +so conservative a State as Massachusetts, in order to produce excellent +results. + +When the Constitution was adopted, at the end of the eighteenth +century, no human wisdom could foretell the sweeping changes, alike in +industrial and political conditions, which were to take place by the +beginning of the twentieth century. At that time it was accepted as a +matter of course that the several States were the proper authorities to +regulate, so far as was then necessary, the comparatively insignificant +and strictly localized corporate bodies of the day. The conditions are +now wholly different and wholly different action is called for. I believe +that a law can be framed which will enable the National Government +to exercise control along the lines above indicated; profiting by +the experience gained through the passage and administration of the +Interstate-Commerce Act. If, however, the judgment of the Congress +is that it lacks the constitutional power to pass such an act, then +a constitutional amendment should be submitted to confer the power. + +There should be created a Cabinet officer, to be known as Secretary of +Commerce and Industries, as provided in the bill introduced at the last +session of the Congress. It should be his province to deal with commerce +in its broadest sense; including among many other things whatever +concerns labor and all matters affecting the great business corporations +and our merchant marine. + +The course proposed is one phase of what should be a comprehensive +and far-reaching scheme of constructive statesmanship for the purpose +of broadening our markets, securing our business interests on a safe +basis, and making firm our new position in the international industrial +world; while scrupulously safeguarding the rights of wage-worker and +capitalist, of investor and private citizen, so as to secure equity as +between man and man in this Republic. + +With the sole exception of the farming interest, no one matter +is of such vital moment to our whole people as the welfare of the +wage-workers. If the farmer and the wage-worker are well off, it is +absolutely certain that all others will be well off too. It Is therefore +a matter for hearty congratulation that on the whole wages are higher +to-day in the United States than ever before in our history, and far +higher than in any other country. The standard of living is also higher +than ever before. Every effort of legislator and administrator should +be bent to secure the permanency of this condition of things and its +improvement wherever possible. Not only must our labor be protected by +the tariff, but it should also be protected so far as it is possible +from the presence in this country of any laborers brought over by +contract, or of those who, coming freely, yet represent a standard of +living so depressed that they can undersell our men in the labor market +and drag them to a lower level. I regard it as necessary, with this end +in view, to re-enact immediately the law excluding Chinese laborers and +to strengthen it wherever necessary in order to make its enforcement +entirely effective. + +The National Government should demand the highest quality of service +from its employees; and in return it should be a good employer. If +possible legislation should be passed, in connection with the Interstate +Commerce Law, which will render effective the efforts of different +States to do away with the competition of convict contract labor in +the open labor market. So far as practicable under the conditions of +Government work, provision should be made to render the enforcement +of the eight-hour law easy and certain. In all industries carried on +directly or indirectly for the United States Government women and +children should be protected from excessive hours of labor, from night +work, and from work under unsanitary conditions. The Government should +provide in its contracts that all work should be done under "fair" +conditions, and in addition to setting a high standard should uphold +it by proper inspection, extending if necessary to the subcontractors. +The Government should forbid all night work for women and children, as +well as excessive overtime. For the District of Columbia a good factory +law should be passed; and, as a powerful indirect aid to such laws, +provision should be made to turn the inhabited alleys, the existence of +which is a reproach to our Capital city, into minor streets, where the +inhabitants can live under conditions favorable to health and morals. + +American wage-workers work with their heads as well as their hands. +Moreover, they take a keen pride in what they are doing; so that, +independent of the reward, they wish to turn out a perfect job. This is +the great secret of our success in competition with the labor of foreign +countries. + +The most vital problem with which this country, and for that matter the +whole civilized world, has to deal, is the problem which has for one +side the betterment of social conditions, moral and physical, in large +cities, and for another side the effort to deal with that tangle of +far-reaching questions which we group together when we speak of "labor." +The chief factor in the success of each man--wage-worker, farmer, and +capitalist alike--must ever be the sum total of his own individual +qualities and abilities. Second only to this comes the power of acting +in combination or association with others. Very great good has been and +will be accomplished by associations or unions of wage-workers, when +managed with forethought, and when they combine insistence upon their +own rights with law-abiding respect for the rights of others. The +display of these qualities in such bodies is a duty to the nation no +less than to the associations themselves. Finally, there must also in +many cases be action by the Government in order to safeguard the rights +and interests of all. Under our Constitution there is much more scope +for such action by the State and the municipality than by the nation. +But on points such as those touched on above the National Government +can act. + +When all is said and done, the rule of brotherhood remains as the +indispensable prerequisite to success in the kind of national life for +which we strive. Each man must work for himself, and unless he so works +no outside help can avail him; but each man must remember also that he +is indeed his brother's keeper, and that while no man who refuses to +walk can be carried with advantage to himself or anyone else, yet that +each at times stumbles or halts, that each at times needs to have the +helping hand outstretched to him. To be permanently effective, aid must +always take the form of helping a man to help himself; and we can all +best help ourselves by joining together in the work that is of common +interest to all. + +Our present immigration laws are unsatisfactory. We need every honest +and efficient immigrant fitted to become an American citizen, every +immigrant who comes here to stay, who brings here a strong body, a stout +heart, a good head, and a resolute purpose to do his duty well in every +way and to bring up his children as law-abiding and God-fearing members +of the community. But there should be a comprehensive law enacted with +the object of working a threefold improvement over our present system. +First, we should aim to exclude absolutely not only all persons who +are known to be believers in anarchistic principles or members of +anarchistic societies, but also all persons who are of a low moral +tendency or of unsavory reputation. This means that we should require +a more thorough system of inspection abroad and a more rigid system +of examination at our immigration ports, the former being especially +necessary. + +The second object of a proper immigration law ought to be to secure by +a careful and not merely perfunctory educational test some intelligent +capacity to appreciate American institutions and act sanely as American +citizens. This would not keep out all anarchists, for many of them +belong to the intelligent criminal class. But it would do what is also +in point, that is, tend to decrease the sum of ignorance, so potent in +producing the envy, suspicion, malignant passion, and hatred of order, +out of which anarchistic sentiment inevitably springs. Finally, all +persons should be excluded who are below a certain standard of economic +fitness to enter our industrial field as competitors with American +labor. There should be proper proof of personal capacity to earn an +American living and enough money to insure a decent start under American +conditions. This would stop the influx of cheap labor, and the resulting +competition which gives rise to so much of bitterness in American +industrial life; and it would dry up the springs of the pestilential +social conditions in our great cities, where anarchistic organizations +have their greatest possibility of growth. + +Both the educational and economic tests in a wise immigration law should +be designed to protect and elevate the general body politic and social. +A very close supervision should be exercised over the steamship +companies which mainly bring over the immigrants, and they should be +held to a strict accountability for any infraction of the law. + +There is general acquiescence in our present tariff system as a +national policy. The first requisite to our prosperity is the continuity +and stability of this economic policy. Nothing could be more unwise than +to disturb the business interests of the country by any general tariff +change at this time. Doubt, apprehension, uncertainty are exactly what +we most wish to avoid in the interest of our commercial and material +well-being. Our experience in the past has shown that sweeping revisions +of the tariff are apt to produce conditions closely approaching panic +in the business world. Yet it is not only possible, but eminently +desirable, to combine with the stability of our economic system a +supplementary system of reciprocal benefit and obligation with other +nations. Such reciprocity is an incident and result of the firm +establishment and preservation of our present economic policy. +It was specially provided for in the present tariff law. + +Reciprocity must be treated as the handmaiden of protection. Our first +duty is to see that the protection granted by the tariff in every case +where it is needed is maintained, and that reciprocity be sought for so +far as it can safely be done without injury to our home industries. Just +how far this is must be determined according to the individual case, +remembering always that every application of our tariff policy to meet +our shifting national needs must be conditioned upon the cardinal fact +that the duties must never be reduced below the point that will cover +the difference between the labor cost here and abroad. The well-being +of the wage-worker is a prime consideration of our entire policy of +economic legislation. + +Subject to this proviso of the proper protection necessary to our +industrial well-being at home, the principle of reciprocity must command +our hearty support. The phenomenal growth of our export trade emphasizes +the urgency of the need for wider markets and for a liberal policy in +dealing with foreign nations. Whatever is merely petty and vexatious +in the way of trade restrictions should be avoided. The customers to +whom we dispose of our surplus products in the long run, directly or +indirectly, purchase those surplus products by giving us something in +return. Their ability to purchase our products should as far as possible +be secured by so arranging our tariff as to enable us to take from them +those products which we can use without harm to our own industries and +labor, or the use of which will be of marked benefit to us. + +It is most important that we should maintain the high level of our +present prosperity. We have now reached the point in the development of +our interests where we are not only able to supply our own markets but +to produce a constantly growing surplus for which we must find markets +abroad. To secure these markets we can utilize existing duties in any +case where they are no longer needed for the purpose of protection, +or in any case where the article is not produced here and the duty is +no longer necessary for revenue, as giving us something to offer in +exchange for what we ask. The cordial relations with other nations which +are so desirable will naturally be promoted by the course thus required +by our own interests. + +The natural line of development for a policy of reciprocity will be in +connection with those of our productions which no longer require all of +the support once needed to establish them upon a sound basis, and with +those others where either because of natural or of economic causes we +are beyond the reach of successful competition. + +I ask the attention of the Senate to the reciprocity treaties laid +before it by my predecessor. + +The condition of the American merchant marine is such as to call for +immediate remedial action by the Congress. It is discreditable to us +as a Nation that our merchant marine should be utterly insignificant in +comparison to that of other nations which we overtop in other forms of +business. We should not longer submit to conditions under which only +a trifling portion of our great commerce is carried in our own ships. +To remedy this state of things would not merely serve to build up our +shipping interests, but it would also result in benefit to all who are +interested in the permanent establishment of a wider market for American +products, and would provide an auxiliary force for the Navy. Ships +work for their own countries just as railroads work for their terminal +points. Shipping lines, if established to the principal countries with +which we have dealings, would be of political as well as commercial +benefit. From every standpoint it is unwise for the United States +to continue to rely upon the ships of competing nations for the +distribution of our goods. It should be made advantageous to carry +American goods in American-built ships. + +At present American shipping is under certain great disadvantages when +put in competition with the shipping of foreign countries. Many of the +fast foreign steamships, at a speed of fourteen knots or above, are +subsidized; and all our ships, sailing vessels and steamers alike, cargo +carriers of slow speed and mail carriers of high speed, have to meet the +fact that the original cost of building American ships is greater than +is the case abroad; that the wages paid American officers and seamen +are very much higher than those paid the officers and seamen of foreign +competing countries; and that the standard of living on our ships is +far superior to the standard of living on the ships of our commercial +rivals. + +Our Government should take such action as will remedy these +inequalities. The American merchant marine should be restored to +the ocean. + +The Act of March 14, 1900, intended unequivocally to establish gold as +the standard money and to maintain at a parity therewith all forms of +money medium in use with us, has been shown to be timely and judicious. +The price of our Government bonds in the world's market, when compared +with the price of similar obligations issued by other nations, is a +flattering tribute to our public credit. This condition it is evidently +desirable to maintain + +In many respects the National Banking Law furnishes sufficient liberty +for the proper exercise of the banking function; but there seems to be +need of better safeguards against the deranging influence of commercial +crises and financial panics. Moreover, the currency of the country +should be made responsive to the demands of our domestic trade and +commerce. + +The collections from duties on imports and internal taxes continue to +exceed the ordinary expenditures of the Government, thanks mainly to the +reduced army expenditures. The utmost care should be taken not to reduce +the revenues so that there will be any possibility of a deficit; but, +after providing against any such contingency, means should be adopted +which will bring the revenues more nearly within the limit of our actual +needs. In his report to the Congress the Secretary of the Treasury +considers all these questions at length, and I ask your attention to the +report and recommendations. + +I call special attention to the need of strict economy in expenditures. +The fact that our national needs forbid us to be niggardly in providing +whatever is actually necessary to our well-being, should make us doubly +careful to husband our national resources, as each of us husbands his +private resources, by scrupulous avoidance of anything like wasteful or +reckless expenditure. Only by avoidance of spending money on what is +needless or unjustifiable can we legitimately keep our income to the +point required to meet our needs that are genuine. + +In 1887 a measure was enacted for the regulation of interstate railways, +commonly known as the Interstate Commerce Act. The cardinal provisions +of that act were that railway rates should be just and reasonable and +that all shippers, localities, and commodities should be accorded equal +treatment. A commission was created and endowed with what were supposed +to be the necessary powers to execute the provisions of this act. + +That law was largely an experiment. Experience has shewn the wisdom of +its purposes, but has also shown, possibly that some of its requirements +are wrong, certainly that the means devised for the enforcement of its +provisions are defective. Those who complain of the management of the +railways allege that established rates are not maintained; that rebates +and similar devices are habitually resorted to; that these preferences +are usually in favor of the large shipper; that they drive out of +business the smaller competitor; that while many rates are too low, many +others are excessive; and that gross preferences are made, affecting +both localities and commodities. Upon the other hand, the railways +assert that the law by its very terms tends to produce many of these +illegal practices by depriving carriers of that right of concerted +action which they claim is necessary to establish and maintain +non-discriminating rates. + +The act should be amended. The railway is a public servant. Its rates +should be just to and open to all shippers alike. The Government should +see to it that within its jurisdiction this is so and should provide a +speedy, inexpensive, and effective remedy to that end. At the same time +it must not be forgotten that our railways are the arteries through +which the commercial lifeblood of this Nation flows. Nothing could be +more foolish than the enactment of legislation which would unnecessarily +interfere with the development and operation of these commercial +agencies. The subject is one of great importance and calls for the +earnest attention of the Congress. + +The Department of Agriculture during the past fifteen years has steadily +broadened its work on economic lines, and has accomplished results of +real value in upbuilding domestic and foreign trade. It has gone into +new fields until it is now in touch with all sections of our country +and with two of the island groups that have lately come under our +jurisdiction, whose people must look to agriculture as a livelihood. +It is searching the world for grains, grasses, fruits, and vegetables +specially fitted for introduction into localities in the several States +and Territories where they may add materially to our resources. By +scientific attention to soil survey and possible new crops, to breeding +of new varieties of plants, to experimental shipments, to animal +industry and applied chemistry, very practical aid has been given our +farming and stock-growing interests. The products of the farm have taken +an unprecedented place in our export trade during the year that has just +closed. + +Public opinion throughout the United States has moved steadily toward a +just appreciation of the value of forests, whether planted or of natural +growth. The great part played by them in the creation and maintenance of +the national wealth is now more fully realized than ever before. + +Wise forest protection does not mean the withdrawal of forest resources, +whether of wood, water, or grass, from contributing their full share to +the welfare of the people, but, on the contrary, gives the assurance of +larger and more certain supplies. The fundamental idea of forestry is +the perpetuation of forests by use. Forest protection is not an end +of itself; it is a means to increase and sustain the resources of our +country and the industries which depend upon them. The preservation of +our forests is an imperative business necessity. We have come to see +clearly that whatever destroys the forest, except to make way for +agriculture, threatens our well being. + +The practical usefulness of the national forest reserves to the mining, +grazing, irrigation, and other interests of the regions in which the +reserves lie has led to a widespread demand by the people of the West +for their protection and extension. The forest reserves will inevitably +be of still greater use in the future than in the past. Additions should +be made to them whenever practicable, and their usefulness should be +increased by a thoroughly business-like management. + +At present the protection of the forest reserves rests with the General +Land Office, the mapping and description of their timber with the +United States Geological Survey, and the preparation of plans for their +conservative use with the Bureau of Forestry, which is also charged with +the general advancement of practical forestry in the United States. +These various functions should be united in the Bureau of Forestry, +to which they properly belong. The present diffusion of responsibility +is bad from every standpoint. It prevents that effective co-operation +between the Government and the men who utilize the resources of the +reserves, without which the interests of both must suffer. The +scientific bureaus generally should be put under the Department of +Agriculture. The President should have by law the power of transferring +lands for use as forest reserves to the Department of Agriculture. He +already has such power in the case of lands needed by the Departments +of War and the Navy. + +The wise administration of the forest reserves will be not less helpful +to the interests which depend on water than to those which depend on +wood and grass. The water supply itself depends upon the forest. In +the arid region it is water, not land, which measures production. The +western half of the United States would sustain a population greater +than that of our whole country to-day if the waters that now run to +waste were saved and used for irrigation. The forest and water problems +are perhaps the most vital internal questions of the United States. + +Certain of the forest reserves should also be made preserves for the +wild forest creatures. All of the reserves should be better protected +from fires. Many of them need special protection because of the great +injury done by live stock, above all by sheep. The increase in deer, +elk, and other animals in the Yellowstone Park shows what may be +expected when other mountain forests are properly protected by law and +properly guarded. Some of these areas have been so denuded of surface +vegetation by overgrazing that the ground breeding birds, including +grouse and quail, and many mammals, including deer, have been +exterminated or driven away. At the same time the water-storing capacity +of the surface has been decreased or destroyed, thus promoting floods in +times of rain and diminishing the flow of streams between rains. + +In cases where natural conditions have been restored for a few +years, vegetation has again carpeted the ground, birds and deer are +coming back, and hundreds of persons, especially from the immediate +neighborhood, come each summer to enjoy the privilege of camping. +Some at least of the forest reserves should afford perpetual protection +to the native fauna and flora, safe havens of refuge to our rapidly +diminishing wild animals of the larger kinds, and free camping grounds +for the ever-increasing numbers of men and women who have learned +to find rest, health, and recreation in the splendid forests and +flower-clad meadows of our mountains. The forest reserves should be set +apart forever for the use and benefit of our people as a whole and not +sacrificed to the shortsighted greed of a few. + +The forests are natural reservoirs. By restraining the streams in flood +and replenishing them in drought they make possible the use of waters +otherwise wasted. They prevent the soil from washing, and so protect the +storage reservoirs from filling up with silt. Forest conservation is +therefore an essential condition of water conservation. + +The forests alone cannot, however, fully regulate and conserve the +waters of the arid region. Great storage works are necessary to equalize +the flow of streams and to save the flood waters. Their construction +has been conclusively shown to be an undertaking too vast for private +effort. Nor can it be best accomplished by the individual States acting +alone. Far-reaching interstate problems are involved; and the resources +of single States would often be inadequate. It is properly a national +function, at least in some of its features. It is as right for the +National Government to make the streams and rivers of the arid region +useful by engineering works for water storage as to make useful the +rivers and harbors of the humid region by engineering works of another +kind. The storing of the floods in reservoirs at the headwaters of our +rivers is but an enlargement of our present policy of river control, +under which levees are built on the lower reaches of the same streams. + +The Government should construct and maintain these reservoirs as it +does other public works. Where their purpose is to regulate the flow of +streams, the water should be turned freely into the channels in the dry +season to take the same course under the same laws as the natural flow. + +The reclamation of the unsettled arid public lands presents a different +problem. Here it is not enough to regulate the flow of streams. The +object of the Government is to dispose of the land to settlers who will +build homes upon it. To accomplish this object water must be brought +within their reach. + +The pioneer settlers on the arid public domain chose their homes along +streams from which they could themselves divert the water to reclaim +their holdings. Such opportunities are practically gone. There remain, +however, vast areas of public land which can be made available for +homestead settlement, but only by reservoirs and main-line canals +impracticable for private enterprise. These irrigation works should be +built by the National Government. The lands reclaimed by them should +be reserved by the Government for actual settlers, and the cost of +construction should so far as possible be repaid by the land reclaimed. +The distribution of the water, the division of the streams among +irrigators, should be left to the settlers themselves in conformity +with State laws and without interference with those laws or with +vested rights. The policy of the National Government should be to aid +irrigation in the several States and Territories in such manner as will +enable the people in the local communities to help themselves, and as +will stimulate needed reforms in the State laws and regulations +governing irrigation. + +The reclamation and settlement of the arid lands will enrich every +portion of our country, just as the settlement of the Ohio and +Mississippi valleys brought prosperity to the Atlantic States. The +increased demand for manufactured articles will stimulate industrial +production, while wider home markets and the trade of Asia will consume +the larger food supplies and effectually prevent Western competition +with Eastern agriculture. Indeed, the products of irrigation will be +consumed chiefly in upbuilding local centers of mining and other +industries, which would otherwise not come into existence at all. +Our people as a whole will profit, for successful home-making is but +another name for the upbuilding of the nation. + +The necessary foundation has already been laid for the inauguration +of the policy just described. It would be unwise to begin by doing too +much, for a great deal will doubtless be learned, both as to what can +and what cannot be safely attempted, by the early efforts, which must +of necessity be partly experimental in character. At the very beginning +the Government should make clear, beyond shadow of doubt, its intention +to pursue this policy on lines of the broadest public interest. No +reservoir or canal should ever be built to satisfy selfish personal +or local interests; but only in accordance with the advice of trained +experts, after long investigation has shown the locality where all the +conditions combine to make the work most needed and fraught with the +greatest usefulness to the community as a whole. There should be no +extravagance, and the believers in the need of irrigation will most +benefit their cause by seeing to it that it is free from the least +taint of excessive or reckless expenditure of the public moneys. + +Whatever the nation does for the extension of irrigation should +harmonize with, and tend to improve, the condition of those now living +on irrigated land. We are not at the starting point of this development. +Over two hundred millions of private capital has already been expended +in the construction of irrigation works, and many million acres of arid +land reclaimed. A high degree of enterprise and ability has been shown +in the work itself; but as much cannot be said in reference to the laws +relating thereto. The security and value of the homes created depend +largely on the stability of titles to water; but the majority of these +rest on the uncertain foundation of court decisions rendered in ordinary +suits at law. With a few creditable exceptions, the arid States have +failed to provide for the certain and just division of streams in times +of scarcity. Lax and uncertain laws have made it possible to establish +rights to water in excess of actual uses or necessities, and many +streams have already passed into private ownership, or a control +equivalent to ownership. + +Whoever controls a stream practically controls the land it renders +productive, and the doctrine of private ownership of water apart from +land cannot prevail without causing enduring wrong. The recognition of +such ownership, which has been permitted to grow up in the arid regions, +should give way to a more enlightened and larger recognition of the +rights of the public in the control and disposal of the public water +supplies. Laws founded upon conditions obtaining in humid regions, where +water is too abundant to justify hoarding it, have no proper application +in a dry country. + +In the arid States the only right to water which should be recognized +is that of use. In irrigation this right should attach to the land +reclaimed and be inseparable therefrom. Granting perpetual water rights +to others than users, without compensation to the public, is open to all +the objections which apply to giving away perpetual franchises to the +public utilities of cities. A few of the Western States have already +recognized this, and have incorporated in their constitutions the +doctrine of perpetual State ownership of water. + +The benefits which have followed the unaided development of the past +justify the nation's aid and co-operation in the more difficult and +important work yet to be accomplished. Laws so vitally affecting homes +as those which control the water supply will only be effective when they +have the sanction of the irrigators; reforms can only be final and +satisfactory when they come through the enlightenment of the people most +concerned. The larger development which national aid insures should, +however, awaken in every arid State the determination to make its +irrigation system equal in justice and effectiveness that of any country +in the civilized world. Nothing could be more unwise than for isolated +communities to continue to learn everything experimentally, instead of +profiting by what is already known elsewhere. We are dealing with a new +and momentous question, in the pregnant years while institutions are +forming, and what we do will affect not only the present but future +generations. + +Our aim should be not simply to reclaim the largest area of land and +provide homes for the largest number of people, but to create for this +new industry the best possible social and industrial conditions; and +this requires that we not only understand the existing situation, but +avail ourselves of the best experience of the time in the solution of +its problems. A careful study should be made, both by the Nation and +the States, of the irrigation laws and conditions here and abroad. +Ultimately it will probably be necessary for the Nation to co-operate +with the several arid States in proportion as these States by their +legislation and administration show themselves fit to receive it. + +In Hawaii our aim must be to develop the Territory on the traditional +American lines. We do not wish a region of large estates tilled by cheap +labor; we wish a healthy American community of men who themselves till +the farms they own. All our legislation for the islands should be shaped +with this end in view; the well-being of the average home-maker must +afford the true test of the healthy development of the islands. The land +policy should as nearly as possible be modeled on our homestead system. + +It is a pleasure to say that it is hardly more necessary to report as +to Puerto Rico than as to any State or Territory within our continental +limits. The island is thriving as never before, and it is being +administered efficiently and honestly. Its people are now enjoying +liberty and order under the protection of the United States, and upon +this fact we congratulate them and ourselves. Their material welfare +must be as carefully and jealously considered as the welfare of any +other portion of our country. We have given them the great gift of free +access for their products to the markets of the United States. I ask +the attention of the Congress to the need of legislation concerning the +public lands of Puerto Rico. + +In Cuba such progress has been made toward putting the independent +government of the island upon a firm footing that before the present +session of the Congress closes this will be an accomplished fact. Cuba +will then start as her own mistress; and to the beautiful Queen of the +Antilles, as she unfolds this new page of her destiny, we extend our +heartiest greetings and good wishes. Elsewhere I have discussed the +question of reciprocity. In the case of Cuba, however, there are weighty +reasons of morality and of national interest why the policy should be +held to have a peculiar application, and I most earnestly ask your +attention to the wisdom, indeed to the vital need, of providing for a +substantial reduction in the tariff duties on Cuban imports into the +United States. Cuba has in her constitution affirmed what we desired, +that she should stand, in international matters, in closer and more +friendly relations with us than with any other power; and we are bound +by every consideration of honor and expediency to pass commercial +measures in the interest of her material well-being. + +In the Philippines our problem is larger. They are very rich tropical +islands, inhabited by many varying tribes, representing widely different +stages of progress toward civilization. Our earnest effort is to help +these people upward along the stony and difficult path that leads to +self-government. We hope to make our administration of the islands +honorable to our Nation by making it of the highest benefit to the +Filipinos themselves; and as an earnest of what we intend to do, we +point to what we have done. Already a greater measure of material +prosperity and of governmental honesty and efficiency has been attained +in the Philippines than ever before in their history. + +It is no light task for a nation to achieve the temperamental qualities +without which the institutions of free government are but an empty +mockery. Our people are now successfully governing themselves, because +for more than a thousand years they have been slowly fitting themselves, +sometimes consciously, sometimes unconsciously, toward this end. What +has taken us thirty generations to achieve, we cannot expect to see +another race accomplish out of hand, especially when large portions +of that race start very far behind the point which our ancestors had +reached even thirty generations ago. In dealing with the Philippine +people we must show both patience and strength, forbearance and +steadfast resolution. Our aim is high. We do not desire to do for the +islanders merely what has elsewhere been done for tropic peoples by even +the best foreign governments. We hope to do for them what has never +before been done for any people of the tropics--to make them fit for +self-government after the fashion of the really free nations. + +History may safely be challenged to show a single instance in which a +masterful race such as ours, having been forced by the exigencies of war +to take possession of an alien land, has behaved to its inhabitants with +the disinterested zeal for their progress that our people have shown in +the Philippines. To leave the islands at this time would mean that they +would fall into a welter of murderous anarchy. Such desertion of duty on +our part would be a crime against humanity. The character of Governor +Taft and of his associates and subordinates is a proof, if such be +needed, of the sincerity of our effort to give the islanders a +constantly increasing measure of self-government, exactly as fast as +they show themselves fit to exercise it. Since the civil government was +established not an appointment has been made in the islands with any +reference to considerations of political influence, or to aught else +save the fitness of the man and the needs of the service. + +In our anxiety for the welfare and progress of the Philippines, it may +be that here and there we have gone too rapidly in giving them local +self-government. It is on this side that our error, if any, has been +committed. No competent observer, sincerely desirous of finding out the +facts and influenced only by a desire for the welfare of the natives, +can assert that we have not gone far enough. We have gone to the very +verge of safety in hastening the process. To have taken a single step +farther or faster in advance would have been folly and weakness, and +might well have been crime. We are extremely anxious that the natives +shall show the power of governing themselves. We are anxious, first for +their sakes, and next, because it relieves us of a great burden. There +need not be the slightest fear of our not continuing to give them all +the liberty for which they are fit. + +The only fear is lest in our overanxiety we give them a degree of +independence for which they are unfit, thereby inviting reaction and +disaster. As fast as there is any reasonable hope that in a given +district the people can govern themselves, self-government has +been given in that district. There is not a locality fitted for +self-government which has not received it. But it may well be that in +certain cases it will have to be withdrawn because the inhabitants show +themselves unfit to exercise it; such instances have already occurred. +In other words, there is not the slightest chance of our failing to show +a sufficiently humanitarian spirit. The danger comes in the opposite +direction. + +There are still troubles ahead in the islands. The insurrection has +become an affair of local banditti and marauders, who deserve no higher +regard than the brigands of portions of the Old World. Encouragement, +direct or indirect, to these insurrectors stands on the same footing as +encouragement to hostile Indians in the days when we still had Indian +wars. Exactly as our aim is to give to the Indian who remains peaceful +the fullest and amplest consideration, but to have it understood that +we will show no weakness if he goes on the warpath, so we must make it +evident, unless we are false to our own traditions and to the demands of +civilization and humanity, that while we will do everything in our power +for the Filipino who is peaceful, we will take the sternest measures +with the Filipino who follows the path of the insurrecto and the +ladrone. + +The heartiest praise is due to large numbers of the natives of the +islands for their steadfast loyalty. The Macabebes have been conspicuous +for their courage and devotion to the flag. I recommend that the +Secretary of War be empowered to take some systematic action in the way +of aiding those of these men who are crippled in the service and the +families of those who are killed. + +The time has come when there should be additional legislation for +the Philippines. Nothing better can be done for the islands than to +introduce industrial enterprises. Nothing would benefit them so much as +throwing them open to industrial development. The connection between +idleness and mischief is proverbial, and the opportunity to do +remunerative work is one of the surest preventatives of war. Of course +no business man will go into the Philippines unless it is to his +interest to do so; and it is immensely to the interest of the islands +that he should go in. It is therefore necessary that the Congress should +pass laws by which the resources of the islands can be developed; so +that franchises (for limited terms of years) can be granted to companies +doing business in them, and every encouragement be given to the incoming +of business men of every kind. + +Not to permit this is to do a wrong to the Philippines. The franchises +must be granted and the business permitted only under regulations which +will guarantee the islands against any kind of improper exploitation. +But the vast natural wealth of the islands must be developed, and the +capital willing to develop it must be given the opportunity. The field +must be thrown open to individual enterprise, which has been the real +factor in the development of every region over which our flag has flown. +It is urgently necessary to enact suitable laws dealing with general +transportation, mining, banking, currency, homesteads, and the use and +ownership of the lands and timber. These laws will give free play to +industrial enterprise; and the commercial development which will surely +follow will accord to the people of the islands the best proofs of the +sincerity of our desire to aid them. + +I call your attention most earnestly to the crying need of a cable to +Hawaii and the Philippines, to be continued from the Philippines to +points in Asia. We should not defer a day longer than necessary the +construction of such a cable. It is demanded not merely for commercial +but for political and military considerations. + +Either the Congress should immediately provide for the construction of +a Government cable, or else an arrangement should be made by which like +advantages to those accruing from a Government cable may be secured to +the Government by contract with a private cable company. + +No single great material work which remains to be undertaken on this +continent is of such consequence to the American people as the building +of a canal across the Isthmus connecting North and South America. Its +importance to the Nation is by no means limited merely to its material +effects upon our business prosperity; and yet with view to these effects +alone it would be to the last degree important for us immediately to +begin it. While its beneficial effects would perhaps be most marked upon +the Pacific Coast and the Gulf and South Atlantic States, it would also +greatly benefit other sections. It is emphatically a work which it is +for the interest of the entire country to begin and complete as soon as +possible; it is one of those great works which only a great nation can +undertake with prospects of success, and which when done are not only +permanent assets in the nation's material interests, but standing +monuments to its constructive ability. + +I am glad to be able to announce to you that our negotiations on this +subject with Great Britain, conducted on both sides in a spirit of +friendliness and mutual good will and respect, have resulted in my being +able to lay before the Senate a treaty which if ratified will enable +us to begin preparations for an Isthmian canal at any time, and which +guarantees to this Nation every right that it has ever asked in +connection with the canal. In this treaty, the old Clayton-Bulwer +treaty, so long recognized as inadequate to supply the base for the +construction and maintenance of a necessarily American ship canal, is +abrogated. It specifically provides that the United States alone shall +do the work of building and assume the responsibility of safeguarding +the canal and shall regulate its neutral use by all nations on terms of +equality without the guaranty or interference of any outside nation from +any quarter. The signed treaty will at once be laid before the Senate, +and if approved the Congress can then proceed to give effect to the +advantages it secures us by providing for the building of the canal. + +The true end of every great and free people should be self-respecting +peace; and this Nation most earnestly desires sincere and cordial +friendship with all others. Over the entire world, of recent years, wars +between the great civilized powers have become less and less frequent. +Wars with barbarous or semi-barbarous peoples come in an entirely +different category, being merely a most regrettable but necessary +international police duty which must be performed for the sake of the +welfare of mankind. Peace can only be kept with certainty where both +sides wish to keep it; but more and more the civilized peoples are +realizing the wicked folly of war and are attaining that condition of +just and intelligent regard for the rights of others which will in the +end, as we hope and believe, make world-wide peace possible. The peace +conference at The Hague gave definite expression to this hope and belief +and marked a stride toward their attainment. + +This same peace conference acquiesced in our statement of the Monroe +Doctrine as compatible with the purposes and aims of the conference. + +The Monroe Doctrine should be the cardinal feature of the foreign policy +of all the nations of the two Americas, as it is of the United States. +Just seventy-eight years have passed since President Monroe in his +Annual Message announced that "The American continents are henceforth +not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European +power." In other words, the Monroe Doctrine is a declaration that there +must be no territorial aggrandizement by any non-American power at +the expense of any American power on American soil. It is in no wise +intended as hostile to any nation in the Old World. Still less is it +intended to give cover to any aggression by one New World power at +the expense of any other. It is simply a step, and a long step, toward +assuring the universal peace of the world by securing the possibility +of permanent peace on this hemisphere. + +During the past century other influences have established the permanence +and independence of the smaller states of Europe. Through the Monroe +Doctrine we hope to be able to safeguard like independence and secure +like permanence for the lesser among the New World nations. + +This doctrine has nothing to do with the commercial relations of any +American power, save that it in truth allows each of them to form such +as it desires. In other words, it is really a guaranty of the commercial +independence of the Americas. We do not ask under this doctrine for +any exclusive commercial dealings with any other American state. We do +not guarantee any state against punishment if it misconducts itself, +provided that punishment does not take the form of the acquisition of +territory by any non-American power. + +Our attitude in Cuba is a sufficient guaranty of our own good faith. +We have not the slightest desire to secure any territory at the expense +of any of our neighbors. We wish to work with them hand in hand, so that +all of us may be uplifted together, and we rejoice over the good fortune +of any of them, we gladly hail their material prosperity and political +stability, and are concerned and alarmed if any of them fall into +industrial or political chaos. We do not wish to see any Old World +military power grow up on this continent, or to be compelled to become +a military power ourselves. The peoples of the Americas can prosper +best if left to work out their own salvation in their own way. + +The work of upbuilding the Navy must be steadily continued. No one point +of our policy, foreign or domestic, is more important than this to the +honor and material welfare, and above all to the peace, of our nation in +the future. Whether we desire it or not, we must henceforth recognize +that we have international duties no less than international rights. +Even if our flag were hauled down in the Philippines and Puerto Rico, +even if we decided not to build the Isthmian Canal, we should need a +thoroughly trained Navy of adequate size, or else be prepared definitely +and for all time to abandon the idea that our nation is among those +whose sons go down to the sea in ships. Unless our commerce is always to +be carried in foreign bottoms, we must have war craft to protect it. + +Inasmuch, however, as the American people have no thought of abandoning +the path upon which they have entered, and especially in view of the +fact that the building of the Isthmian Canal is fast becoming one of the +matters which the whole people are united in demanding, it is imperative +that our Navy should be put and kept in the highest state of efficiency, +and should be made to answer to our growing needs. So far from being in +any way a provocation to war, an adequate and highly trained navy is +the best guaranty against war, the cheapest and most effective peace +insurance. The cost of building and maintaining such a navy represents +the very lightest premium for insuring peace which this nation can +possibly pay. + +Probably no other great nation in the world is so anxious for peace +as we are. There is not a single civilized power which has anything +whatever to fear from aggressiveness on our part. All we want is peace; +and toward this end we wish to be able to secure the same respect for +our rights from others which we are eager and anxious to extend to their +rights in return, to insure fair treatment to us commercially, and to +guarantee the safety of the American people. + +Our people intend to abide by the Monroe Doctrine and to insist upon it +as the one sure means of securing the peace of the Western Hemisphere. +The Navy offers us the only means of making our insistence upon the +Monroe Doctrine anything but a subject of derision to whatever nation +chooses to disregard it. We desire the peace which comes as of right to +the just man armed; not the peace granted on terms of ignominy to the +craven and the weakling. + +It is not possible to improvise a navy after war breaks out. The ships +must be built and the men trained long in advance. Some auxiliary +vessels can be turned into makeshifts which will do in default of any +better for the minor work, and a proportion of raw men can be mixed with +the highly trained, their shortcomings being made good by the skill of +their fellows; but the efficient fighting force of the Navy when pitted +against an equal opponent will be found almost exclusively in the war +ships that have been regularly built and in the officers and men who +through years of faithful performance of sea duty have been trained +to handle their formidable but complex and delicate weapons with the +highest efficiency. In the late war with Spain the ships that dealt the +decisive blows at Manila and Santiago had been launched from two to +fourteen years, and they were able to do as they did because the men in +the conning towers, the gun turrets, and the engine-rooms had through +long years of practice at sea learned how to do their duty. + +Our present Navy was begun in 1882. At that period our Navy +consisted of a collection of antiquated wooden ships, already almost as +out of place against modern war vessels as the galleys of Alcibiades +and Hamilcar--certainly as the ships of Tromp and Blake. Nor at that +time did we have men fit to handle a modern man-of-war. Under the wise +legislation of the Congress and the successful administration of a +succession of patriotic Secretaries of the Navy, belonging to both +political parties, the work of upbuilding the Navy went on, and ships +equal to any in the world of their kind were continually added; and what +was even more important, these ships were exercised at sea singly and in +squadrons until the men aboard them were able to get the best possible +service out of them. The result was seen in the short war with Spain, +which was decided with such rapidity because of the infinitely greater +preparedness of our Navy than of the Spanish Navy. + +While awarding the fullest honor to the men who actually commanded +and manned the ships which destroyed the Spanish sea forces in the +Philippines and in Cuba, we must not forget that an equal meed of praise +belongs to those without whom neither blow could have been struck. The +Congressmen who voted years in advance the money to lay down the ships, +to build the guns, to buy the armor-plate; the Department officials and +the business men and wage-workers who furnished what the Congress had +authorized; the Secretaries of the Navy who asked for and expended the +appropriations; and finally the officers who, in fair weather and foul, +on actual sea service, trained and disciplined the crews of the ships +when there was no war in sight--all are entitled to a full share in the +glory of Manila and Santiago, and the respect accorded by every true +American to those who wrought such signal triumph for our country. +It was forethought and preparation which secured us the overwhelming +triumph of 1898. If we fail to show forethought and preparation now, +there may come a time when disaster will befall us instead of triumph; +and should this time come, the fault will rest primarily, not upon those +whom the accident of events puts in supreme command at the moment, but +upon those who have failed to prepare in advance. + +There should be no cessation in the work of completing our Navy. So far +ingenuity has been wholly unable to devise a substitute for the great +war craft whose hammering guns beat out the mastery of the high seas. +It is unsafe and unwise not to provide this year for several additional +battle ships and heavy armored cruisers, with auxiliary and lighter +craft in proportion; for the exact numbers and character I refer you to +the report of the Secretary of the Navy. But there is something we need +even more than additional ships, and this is additional officers and +men. To provide battle ships and cruisers and then lay them up, with the +expectation of leaving them unmanned until they are needed in actual +war, would be worse than folly; it would be a crime against the Nation. + +To send any war ship against a competent enemy unless those aboard it +have been trained by years of actual sea service, including incessant +gunnery practice, would be to invite not merely disaster, but the +bitterest shame and humiliation. Four thousand additional seamen and one +thousand additional marines should be provided; and an increase in the +officers should be provided by making a large addition to the classes +at Annapolis. There is one small matter which should be mentioned in +connection with Annapolis. The pretentious and unmeaning title of "naval +cadet" should be abolished; the title of "midshipman," full of historic +association, should be restored. + +Even in time of peace a war ship should be used until it wears out, for +only so can it be kept fit to respond to any emergency. The officers and +men alike should be kept as much as possible on blue water, for it is +there only they can learn their duties as they should be learned. The +big vessels should be manoeuvred in squadrons containing not merely +battle ships, but the necessary proportion of cruisers and scouts. The +torpedo boats should be handled by the younger officers in such manner +as will best fit the latter to take responsibility and meet the +emergencies of actual warfare. + +Every detail ashore which can be performed by a civilian should be +so performed, the officer being kept for his special duty in the +sea service. Above all, gunnery practice should be unceasing. It +is important to have our Navy of adequate size, but it is even more +important that ship for ship it should equal in efficiency any navy in +the world. This is possible only with highly drilled crews and officers, +and this in turn imperatively demands continuous and progressive +instruction in target practice, ship handling, squadron tactics, and +general discipline. Our ships must be assembled in squadrons actively +cruising away from harbors and never long at anchor. The resulting wear +upon engines and hulls must be endured; a battle ship worn out in long +training of officers and men is well paid for by the results, while, on +the other hand, no matter in how excellent condition, it is useless if +the crew be not expert. + +We now have seventeen battle ships appropriated for, of which nine are +completed and have been commissioned for actual service. The remaining +eight will be ready in from two to four years, but it will take at least +that time to recruit and train the men to fight them. It is of vast +concern that we have trained crews ready for the vessels by the time +they are commissioned. Good ships and good guns are simply good weapons, +and the best weapons are useless save in the hands of men who know how +to fight with them. The men must be trained and drilled under a thorough +and well-planned system of progressive instruction, while the recruiting +must be carried on with still greater vigor. Every effort must be made +to exalt the main function of the officer--the command of men. The +leading graduates of the Naval Academy should be assigned to the +combatant branches, the line and marines. + +Many of the essentials of success are already recognized by the General +Board, which, as the central office of a growing staff, is moving +steadily toward a proper war efficiency and a proper efficiency of the +whole Navy, under the Secretary. This General Board, by fostering the +creation of a general staff, is providing for the official and then the +general recognition of our altered conditions as a Nation and of the +true meaning of a great war fleet, which meaning is, first, the best +men, and, second, the best ships. + +The Naval Militia forces are State organizations, and are trained for +coast service, and in event of war they will constitute the inner line +of defense. They should receive hearty encouragement from the General +Government. + +But in addition we should at once provide for a National Naval Reserve, +organized and trained under the direction of the Navy Department, +and subject to the call of the Chief Executive whenever war becomes +imminent. It should be a real auxiliary to the naval seagoing peace +establishment, and offer material to be drawn on at once for manning +our ships in time of war. It should be composed of graduates of the +Naval Academy, graduates of the Naval Militia, officers and crews of +coast-line steamers, longshore schooners, fishing vessels, and steam +yachts, together with the coast population about such centers as +life-saving stations and light-houses. + +The American people must either build and maintain an adequate navy or +else make up their minds definitely to accept a secondary position in +international affairs, not merely in political, but in commercial, +matters. It has been well said that there is no surer way of courting +national disaster than to be "opulent, aggressive, and unarmed." + +It is not necessary to increase our Army beyond its present size at this +time. But it is necessary to keep it at the highest point of efficiency. +The individual units who as officers and enlisted men compose this Army, +are, we have good reason to believe, at least as efficient as those of +any other army in the entire world. It is our duty to see that their +training is of a kind to insure the highest possible expression of power +to these units when acting in combination. + +The conditions of modern war are such as to make an infinitely heavier +demand than ever before upon the individual character and capacity of +the officer and the enlisted man, and to make it far more difficult for +men to act together with effect. At present the fighting must be done in +extended order, which means that each man must act for himself and at +the same time act in combination with others with whom he is no longer +in the old-fashioned elbow-to-elbow touch. Under such conditions a few +men of the highest excellence are worth more than many men without the +special skill which is only found as the result of special training +applied to men of exceptional physique and morale. But nowadays the most +valuable fighting man and the most difficult to perfect is the rifleman +who is also a skillful and daring rider. + +The proportion of our cavalry regiments has wisely been increased. +The American cavalryman, trained to manoeuvre and fight with equal +facility on foot and on horseback, is the best type of soldier for +general purposes now to be found in the world. The ideal cavalryman of +the present day is a man who can fight on foot as effectively as the +best infantryman, and who is in addition unsurpassed in the care and +management of his horse and in his ability to fight on horseback. + +A general staff should be created. As for the present staff and supply +departments, they should be filled by details from the line, the men +so detailed returning after a while to their line duties. It is very +undesirable to have the senior grades of the Army composed of men who +have come to fill the positions by the mere fact of seniority. A system +should be adopted by which there shall be an elimination grade by grade +of those who seem unfit to render the best service in the next grade. +Justice to the veterans of the Civil War who are still in the Army would +seem to require that in the matter of retirements they be given by law +the same privileges accorded to their comrades in the Navy. + +The process of elimination of the least fit should be conducted in a +manner that would render it practically impossible to apply political +or social pressure on behalf of any candidate, so that each man may be +judged purely on his own merits. Pressure for the promotion of civil +officials for political reasons is bad enough, but it is tenfold worse +where applied on behalf of officers of the Army or Navy. Every promotion +and every detail under the War Department must be made solely with +regard to the good of the service and to the capacity and merit of the +man himself. No pressure, political, social, or personal, of any kind, +will be permitted to exercise the least effect in any question of +promotion or detail; and if there is reason to believe that such +pressure is exercised at the instigation of the officer concerned, it +will be held to militate against him. In our Army we cannot afford to +have rewards or duties distributed save on the simple ground that those +who by their own merits are entitled to the rewards get them, and that +those who are peculiarly fit to do the duties are chosen to perform +them. + +Every effort should be made to bring the Army to a constantly increasing +state of efficiency. When on actual service no work save that directly +in the line of such service should be required. The paper work in the +Army, as in the Navy, should be greatly reduced. What is needed is +proved power of command and capacity to work well in the field. Constant +care is necessary to prevent dry rot in the transportation and +commissary departments. + +Our Army is so small and so much scattered that it is very difficult to +give the higher officers (as well as the lower officers and the enlisted +men) a chance to practice manoeuvres in mass and on a comparatively +large scale. In time of need no amount of individual excellence would +avail against the paralysis which would follow inability to work as +a coherent whole, under skillful and daring leadership. The Congress +should provide means whereby it will be possible to have field exercises +by at least a division of regulars, and if possible also a division of +national guardsmen, once a year. These exercises might take the form of +field manoeuvres; or, if on the Gulf Coast or the Pacific or Atlantic +Seaboard, or in the region of the Great Lakes, the army corps when +assembled could be marched from some inland point to some point on the +water, there embarked, disembarked after a couple of days' journey at +some other point, and again marched inland. Only by actual handling and +providing for men in masses while they are marching, camping, embarking, +and disembarking, will it be possible to train the higher officers to +perform their duties well and smoothly. + +A great debt is owing from the public to the men of the Army and Navy. +They should be so treated as to enable them to reach the highest point +of efficiency, so that they may be able to respond instantly to any +demand made upon them to sustain the interests of the Nation and the +honor of the flag. The individual American enlisted man is probably on +the whole a more formidable fighting man than the regular of any other +army. Every consideration should be shown him, and in return the highest +standard of usefulness should be exacted from him. It is well worth +while for the Congress to consider whether the pay of enlisted men upon +second and subsequent enlistments should not be increased to correspond +with the increased value of the veteran soldier. + +Much good has already come from the act reorganizing the Army, passed +early in the present year. The three prime reforms, all of them of +literally inestimable value, are, first, the substitution of four-year +details from the line for permanent appointments in the so-called staff +divisions; second, the establishment of a corps of artillery with a +chief at the head; third, the establishment of a maximum and minimum +limit for the Army. It would be difficult to overestimate the +improvement in the efficiency of our Army which these three reforms +are making, and have in part already effected. + +The reorganization provided for by the act has been substantially +accomplished. The improved conditions in the Philippines have enabled +the War Department materially to reduce the military charge upon our +revenue and to arrange the number of soldiers so as to bring this number +much nearer to the minimum than to the maximum limit established by law. +There is, however, need of supplementary legislation. Thorough military +education must be provided, and in addition to the regulars the +advantages of this education should be given to the officers of the +National Guard and others in civil life who desire intelligently to fit +themselves for possible military duty. The officers should be given the +chance to perfect themselves by study in the higher branches of this +art. At West Point the education should be of the kind most apt to turn +out men who are good in actual field service; too much stress should not +be laid on mathematics, nor should proficiency therein be held to +establish the right of entry to a _corps d'elite_. The typical +American officer of the best kind need not be a good mathematician; +but he must be able to master himself, to control others, and to show +boldness and fertility of resource in every emergency. + +Action should be taken in reference to the militia and to the raising +of volunteer forces. Our militia law is obsolete and worthless. The +organization and armament of the National Guard of the several States, +which are treated as militia in the appropriations by the Congress, +should be made identical with those provided for the regular forces. The +obligations and duties of the Guard in time of war should be carefully +defined, and a system established by law under which the method of +procedure of raising volunteer forces should be prescribed in advance. +It is utterly impossible in the excitement and haste of impending war +to do this satisfactorily if the arrangements have not been made +long beforehand. Provision should be made for utilizing in the first +volunteer organizations called out the training of those citizens who +have already had experience under arms, and especially for the selection +in advance of the officers of any force which may be raised; for careful +selection of the kind necessary is impossible after the outbreak of war. + +That the Army is not at all a mere instrument of destruction has been +shown during the last three years. In the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto +Rico it has proved itself a great constructive force, a most potent +implement for the upbuilding of a peaceful civilization. + +No other citizens deserve so well of the Republic as the veterans, the +survivors of those who saved the Union. They did the one deed which +if left undone would have meant that all else in our history went for +nothing. But for their steadfast prowess in the greatest crisis of our +history, all our annals would be meaningless, and our great experiment +in popular freedom and self-government a gloomy failure. Moreover, they +not only left us a united Nation, but they left us also as a heritage +the memory of the mighty deeds by which the Nation was kept united. We +are now indeed one Nation, one in fact as well as in name; we are united +in our devotion to the flag which is the symbol of national greatness +and unity; and the very completeness of our union enables us all, in +every part of the country, to glory in the valor shown alike by the sons +of the North and the sons of the South in the times that tried men's +souls. + +The men who in the last three years have done so well in the East +and the West Indies and on the mainland of Asia have shown that this +remembrance is not lost. In any serious crisis the United States must +rely for the great mass of its fighting men upon the volunteer soldiery +who do not make a permanent profession of the military career; and +whenever such a crisis arises the deathless memories of the Civil War +will give to Americans the lift of lofty purpose which comes to those +whose fathers have stood valiantly in the forefront of the battle. + +The merit system of making appointments is in its essence as +democratic and American as the common school system itself. It simply +means that in clerical and other positions where the duties are entirely +non-political, all applicants should have a fair field and no favor, +each standing on his merits as he is able to show them by practical +test. Written competitive examinations offer the only available means in +many cases for applying this system. In other cases, as where laborers +are employed, a system of registration undoubtedly can be widely +extended. There are, of course, places where the written competitive +examination cannot be applied, and others where it offers by no means +an ideal solution, but where under existing political conditions it is, +though an imperfect means, yet the best present means of getting +satisfactory results. + +Wherever the conditions have permitted the application of the merit +system in its fullest and widest sense, the gain to the Government has +been immense. The navy-yards and postal service illustrate, probably +better than any other branches of the Government, the great gain in +economy, efficiency, and honesty due to the enforcement of this +principle. + +I recommend the passage of a law which will extend the classified +service to the District of Columbia, or will at least enable the +President thus to extend it. In my judgment all laws providing for the +temporary employment of clerks should hereafter contain a provision that +they be selected under the Civil Service Law. + +It is important to have this system obtain at home, but it is even more +important to have it applied rigidly in our insular possessions. Not +an office should be filled in the Philippines or Puerto Rico with any +regard to the man's partisan affiliations or services, with any regard +to the political, social, or personal influence which he may have at his +command; in short, heed should be paid to absolutely nothing save the +man's own character and capacity and the needs of the service. + +The administration of these islands should be as wholly free from the +suspicion of partisan politics as the administration of the Army and +Navy. All that we ask from the public servant in the Philippines or +Puerto Rico is that he reflect honor on his country by the way in which +he makes that country's rule a benefit to the peoples who have come +under it. This is all that we should ask, and we cannot afford to be +content with less. + +The merit system is simply one method of securing honest and efficient +administration of the Government; and in the long run the sole +justification of any type of government lies in its proving itself both +honest and efficient. + +The consular service is now organized under the provisions of a law +passed in 1856, which is entirely inadequate to existing conditions. +The interest shown by so many commercial bodies throughout the country +in the reorganization of the service is heartily commended to your +attention. Several bills providing for a new consular service have in +recent years been submitted to the Congress. They are based upon the +just principle that appointments to the service should be made only +after a practical test of the applicant's fitness, that promotions +should be governed by trustworthiness, adaptability, and zeal in the +performance of duty, and that the tenure of office should be unaffected +by partisan considerations. + +The guardianship and fostering of our rapidly expanding foreign +commerce, the protection of American citizens resorting to foreign +countries in lawful pursuit of their affairs, and the maintenance of +the dignity of the nation abroad, combine to make it essential that +our consuls should be men of character, knowledge and enterprise. It is +true that the service is now, in the main, efficient, but a standard of +excellence cannot be permanently maintained until the principles set +forth in the bills heretofore submitted to the Congress on this subject +are enacted into law. + +In my judgment the time has arrived when we should definitely make up +our minds to recognize the Indian as an individual and not as a member +of a tribe. The General Allotment Act is a mighty pulverizing engine +to break up the tribal mass. It acts directly upon the family and the +individual. Under its provisions some sixty thousand Indians have +already become citizens of the United States. We should now break up the +tribal funds, doing for them what allotment does for the tribal lands; +that is, they should be divided into individual holdings. There will be +a transition period during which the funds will in many cases have to +be held in trust. This is the case also with the lands. A stop should +be put upon the indiscriminate permission to Indians to lease their +allotments. The effort should be steadily to make the Indian work like +any other man on his own ground. The marriage laws of the Indians should +be made the same as those of the whites. + +In the schools the education should be elementary and largely +industrial. The need of higher education among the Indians is very, very +limited. On the reservations care should be taken to try to suit the +teaching to the needs of the particular Indian. There is no use in +attempting to induce agriculture in a country suited only for cattle +raising, where the Indian should be made a stock grower. The ration +system, which is merely the corral and the reservation system, is highly +detrimental to the Indians. It promotes beggary, perpetuates pauperism, +and stifles industry. It is an effectual barrier to progress. It must +continue to a greater or less degree as long as tribes are herded on +reservations and have everything in common. The Indian should be treated +as an individual--like the white man. During the change of treatment +inevitable hardships will occur; every effort should be made to minimize +these hardships; but we should not because of them hesitate to make the +change. There should be a continuous reduction in the number of +agencies. + +In dealing with the aboriginal races few things are more important +than to preserve them from the terrible physical and moral degradation +resulting from the liquor traffic. We are doing all we can to save our +own Indian tribes from this evil. Wherever by international agreement +this same end can be attained as regards races where we do not possess +exclusive control, every effort should be made to bring it about. + +I bespeak the most cordial support from the Congress and the people for +the St. Louis Exposition to commemorate the One Hundredth Anniversary +of the Louisiana Purchase. This purchase was the greatest instance of +expansion in our history. It definitely decided that we were to become +a great continental republic, by far the foremost power in the Western +Hemisphere. It is one of three or four great landmarks in our +history--the great turning points in our development. It is eminently +fitting that all our people should join with heartiest good will in +commemorating it, and the citizens of St. Louis, of Missouri, of all the +adjacent region, are entitled to every aid in making the celebration a +noteworthy event in our annals. We earnestly hope that foreign nations +will appreciate the deep interest our country takes in this Exposition, +and our view of its importance from every standpoint, and that they will +participate in securing its success. The National Government should be +represented by a full and complete set of exhibits. + +The people of Charleston, with great energy and civic spirit, are +carrying on an Exposition which will continue throughout most of the +present session of the Congress. I heartily commend this Exposition to +the good will of the people. It deserves all the encouragement that can +be given it. The managers of the Charleston Exposition have requested +the Cabinet officers to place thereat the Government exhibits which have +been at Buffalo, promising to pay the necessary expenses. I have taken +the responsibility of directing that this be done, for I feel that it is +due to Charleston to help her in her praiseworthy effort. In my opinion +the management should not be required to pay all these expenses. +I earnestly recommend that the Congress appropriate at once the small +sum necessary for this purpose. + +The Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo has just closed. Both from the +industrial and the artistic standpoint this Exposition has been in a +high degree creditable and useful, not merely to Buffalo but to the +United States. The terrible tragedy of the President's assassination +interfered materially with its being a financial success. The Exposition +was peculiarly in harmony with the trend of our public policy, because +it represented an effort to bring into closer touch all the peoples of +the Western Hemisphere, and give them an increasing sense of unity. +Such an effort was a genuine service to the entire American public. + +The advancement of the highest interests of national science and +learning and the custody of objects of art and of the valuable results +of scientific expeditions conducted by the United States have been +committed to the Smithsonian Institution. In furtherance of its declared +purpose--for the "increase and diffusion of knowledge among men"--the +Congress has from time to time given it other important functions. Such +trusts have been executed by the Institution with notable fidelity. +There should be no halt in the work of the Institution, in accordance +with the plans which its Secretary has presented, for the preservation +of the vanishing races of great North American animals in the National +Zoological Park. The urgent needs of the National Museum are recommended +to the favorable consideration of the Congress. + +Perhaps the most characteristic educational movement of the past fifty +years is that which has created the modern public library and developed +it into broad and active service. There are now over five thousand +public libraries in the United States, the product of this period. +In addition to accumulating material, they are also striving by +organization, by improvement in method, and by co-operation, to give +greater efficiency to the material they hold, to make it more widely +useful, and by avoidance of unnecessary duplication in process to reduce +the cost of its administration. + +In these efforts they naturally look for assistance to the Federal +library, which, though still the Library of Congress, and so entitled, +is the one national library of the United States. Already the largest +single collection of books on the Western Hemisphere, and certain +to increase more rapidly than any other through purchase, exchange, +and the operation of the copyright law, this library has a unique +opportunity to render to the libraries of this country--to American +scholarship--service of the highest importance. It is housed in a +building which is the largest and most magnificent yet erected for +library uses. Resources are now being provided which will develop the +collection properly, equip it with the apparatus and service necessary +to its effective use, render its bibliographic work widely available, +and enable it to become, not merely a center of research, but the chief +factor in great co-operative efforts for the diffusion of knowledge and +the advancement of learning. + +For the sake of good administration, sound economy, and the advancement +of science, the Census Office as now constituted should be made a +permanent Government bureau. This would insure better, cheaper, and more +satisfactory work, in the interest not only of our business but of +statistic, economic, and social science. + +The remarkable growth of the postal service is shown in the fact that +its revenues have doubled and its expenditures have nearly doubled +within twelve years. Its progressive development compels constantly +increasing outlay, but in this period of business energy and prosperity +its receipts grow so much faster than its expenses that the annual +deficit has been steadily reduced from $11,411,779 in 1897 to $3,923,727 +in 1901. Among recent postal advances the success of rural free delivery +wherever established has been so marked, and actual experience has made +its benefits so plain, that the demand for its extension is general and +urgent. + +It is just that the great agricultural population should share in the +improvement of the service. The number of rural routes now in operation +is 6,009, practically all established within three years, and there are +6,000 applications awaiting action. It is expected that the number in +operation at the close of the current fiscal year will reach 8,600. The +mail will then be daily carried to the doors of 5,700,000 of our people +who have heretofore been dependent upon distant offices, and one-third +of all that portion of the country which is adapted to it will be +covered by this kind of service. + +The full measure of postal progress which might be realized has +long been hampered and obstructed by the heavy burden imposed on the +Government through the intrenched and well-understood abuses which have +grown up in connection with second-class mail matter. The extent of this +burden appears when it is stated that while the second-class matter +makes nearly three-fifths of the weight of all the mail, it paid for +the last fiscal year only $4,294,445 of the aggregate postal revenue of +$111,631,193. If the pound rate of postage, which produces the large +loss thus entailed, and which was fixed by the Congress with the purpose +of encouraging the dissemination of public information, were limited +to the legitimate newspapers and periodicals actually contemplated by +the law, no just exception could be taken. That expense would be the +recognized and accepted cost of a liberal public policy deliberately +adopted for a justifiable end. But much of the matter which enjoys the +privileged rate is wholly outside of the intent of the law, and has +secured admission only through an evasion of its requirements or through +lax construction. The proportion of such wrongly included matter is +estimated by postal experts to be one-half of the whole volume of +second-class mail. If it be only one-third or one-quarter, the magnitude +of the burden is apparent. The Post-Office Department has now undertaken +to remove the abuses so far as is possible by a stricter application of +the law; and it should be sustained in its effort. + +Owing to the rapid growth of our power and our interests on the Pacific, +whatever happens in China must be of the keenest national concern to us. + +The general terms of the settlement of the questions growing out +of the antiforeign uprisings in China of 1900, having been formulated +in a joint note addressed to China by the representatives of the +injured powers in December last, were promptly accepted by the Chinese +Government. After protracted conferences the plenipotentiaries of the +several powers were able to sign a final protocol with the Chinese +plenipotentiaries on the 7th of last September, setting forth the +measures taken by China in compliance with the demands of the joint +note, and expressing their satisfaction therewith. It will be laid +before the Congress, with a report of the plenipotentiary on behalf of +the United States, Mr. William Woodville Rockhill, to whom high praise +is due for the tact, good judgment, and energy he has displayed in +performing an exceptionally difficult and delicate task. + +The agreement reached disposes in a manner satisfactory to the powers +of the various grounds of complaint, and will contribute materially to +better future relations between China and the powers. Reparation has +been made by China for the murder of foreigners during the uprising and +punishment has been inflicted on the officials, however high in rank, +recognized as responsible for or having participated in the outbreak. +Official examinations have been forbidden for a period of five years in +all cities in which foreigners have been murdered or cruelly treated, +and edicts have been issued making all officials directly responsible +for the future safety of foreigners and for the suppression of violence +against them. + +Provisions have been made for insuring the future safety of the foreign +representatives in Peking by setting aside for their exclusive use a +quarter of the city which the powers can make defensible and in which +they can if necessary maintain permanent military guards; by dismantling +the military works between the capital and the sea; and by allowing the +temporary maintenance of foreign military posts along this line. An +edict has been issued by the Emperor of China prohibiting for two years +the importation of arms and ammunition into China. China has agreed to +pay adequate indemnities to the states, societies, and individuals for +the losses sustained by them and for the expenses of the military +expeditions sent by the various powers to protect life and restore +order. + +Under the provisions of the joint note of December, 1900, China has +agreed to revise the treaties of commerce and navigation and to take +such other steps for the purpose of facilitating foreign trade as the +foreign powers may decide to be needed. + +The Chinese Government has agreed to participate financially in the +work of bettering the water approaches to Shanghai and to Tientsin, +the centers of foreign trade in central and northern China, and an +international conservancy board, in which the Chinese Government is +largely represented, has been provided for the improvement of the +Shanghai River and the control of its navigation. In the same line of +commercial advantages a revision of the present tariff on imports has +been assented to for the purpose of substituting specific for _ad +valorem_ duties, and an expert has been sent abroad on the part of +the United States to assist in this work. A list of articles to remain +free of duty, including flour, cereals, and rice, gold and silver coin +and bullion, has also been agreed upon in the settlement. + +During these troubles our Government has unswervingly advocated +moderation, and has materially aided in bringing about an adjustment +which tends to enhance the welfare of China and to lead to a more +beneficial intercourse between the Empire and the modern world; while +in the critical period of revolt and massacre we did our full share in +safeguarding life and property, restoring order, and vindicating the +national interest and honor. It behooves us to continue in these paths, +doing what lies in our power to foster feelings of good will, and +leaving no effort untried to work out the great policy of full and fair +intercourse between China and the nations, on a footing of equal rights +and advantages to all. We advocate the "open door" with all that it +implies; not merely the procurement of enlarged commercial opportunities +on the coasts, but access to the interior by the waterways with which +China has been so extraordinarily favored. Only by bringing the people +of China into peaceful and friendly community of trade with all the +peoples of the earth can the work now auspiciously begun be carried to +fruition. In the attainment of this purpose we necessarily claim parity +of treatment, under the conventions, throughout the Empire for our trade +and our citizens with those of all other powers. + +We view with lively interest and keen hopes of beneficial results the +proceedings of the Pan-American Congress, convoked at the invitation +of Mexico, and now sitting at the Mexican capital. The delegates of the +United States are under the most liberal instructions to co-operate with +their colleagues in all matters promising advantage to the great family +of American commonwealths, as well in their relations among themselves +as in their domestic advancement and in their intercourse with the world +at large. + +My predecessor communicated to the Congress the fact that the Weil and +La Abra awards against Mexico have been adjudged by the highest courts +of our country to have been obtained through fraud and perjury on the +part of the claimants, and that in accordance with the acts of the +Congress the money remaining in the hands of the Secretary of State +on these awards has been returned to Mexico. A considerable portion of +the money received from Mexico on these awards had been paid by this +Government to the claimants before the decision of the courts was +rendered. My judgment is that the Congress should return to Mexico +an amount equal to the sums thus already paid to the claimants. + +The death of Queen Victoria caused the people of the United States deep +and heartfelt sorrow, to which the Government gave full expression. When +President McKinley died, our Nation in turn received from every quarter +of the British Empire expressions of grief and sympathy no less sincere. +The death of the Empress Dowager Frederick of Germany also aroused the +genuine sympathy of the American people; and this sympathy was cordially +reciprocated by Germany when the President was assassinated. Indeed, +from every quarter of the civilized world we received, at the time of +the President's death, assurances of such grief and regard as to touch +the hearts of our people. In the midst of our affliction we reverently +thank the Almighty that we are at peace with the nations of mankind; and +we firmly intend that our policy shall be such as to continue unbroken +these international relations of mutual respect and good will. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +WHITE HOUSE, _December 16, 1901_. + +_To the Senate and House of Representatives_: + +I transmit herewith a report from the Secretary of State, with +accompanying papers, showing that a civil government for Puerto Rico has +been organized in accordance with the provisions of the act of Congress +approved April 12, 1900, entitled "An act to provide revenues and a +civil Government for Puerto Rico, and for other purposes," and that the +legislative assembly of Puerto Rico has enacted and put into operation a +system of local taxation to meet the necessities of the government of +Puerto Rico. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +WHITE HOUSE, _March 11, 1902_. + +_To the Senate of the United States_: + +I return without approval Senate bill, No. 1258 entitled "An act to +remove the charge of desertion from the naval record of John Glass." + +There can be no graver crime than the crime of desertion from the Army +or Navy, especially during war; it is then high treason to the nation, +and is justly punishable by death. No man should be relieved from such a +crime, especially when nearly forty years have passed since it occurred, +save on the clearest possible proof of his real innocence. In this case +the statement made by the affiant before the committee does not in all +points agree with his statement made to the Secretary of the Navy. In +any event it is incomprehensible to me that he should not have made +effective effort to get back into the Navy. + +He had served but little more than a month when he deserted, and the +war lasted for over a year afterwards, yet he made no effort whatever to +get back into the war. Under such circumstances it seems to me that to +remove the charge of desertion from the Navy and give him an honorable +discharge would be to falsify the records and do an injustice to his +gallant and worthy comrades who fought the war to a finish. The names +of the veterans who fought in the civil war make the honor list of the +Republic, and I am not willing to put upon it the name of a man unworthy +of the high position. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +WHITE HOUSE, _Washington, May 12, 1902_. + +_To the Senate and House of Representatives_: + +One of the greatest calamities in history has fallen upon our +neighboring island of Martinique. The consul of the United States at +Guadeloupe has telegraphed from Fort de France, under date of yesterday, +that the disaster is complete; that the city of St. Pierre has ceased +to exist; and that the American consul and his family have perished. +He is informed that 30,000 people have lost their lives and that 50,000 +are homeless and hungry; that there is urgent need of all kinds of +provisions, and that the visit of vessels for the work of supply and +rescue is imperatively required. + +The Government of France, while expressing their thanks for the marks +of sympathy which have reached them from America, inform us that Fort +de France and the entire island of Martinique are still threatened. +They therefore request that, for the purpose of rescuing the people +who are in such deadly peril and threatened with starvation, the +Government of the United States may send, as soon as possible, the +means of transporting them from the stricken island. The island of St. +Vincent and, perhaps, others in that region are also seriously menaced +by the calamity which has taken so appalling a form in Martinique. + +I have directed the departments of the Treasury, of War, and of the Navy +to take such measures for the relief of these stricken people as lies +within the Executive discretion, and I earnestly commend this case of +unexampled disaster to the generous consideration of the Congress. For +this purpose I recommend that an appropriation of $500,000 be made, to +be immediately available. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +WHITE HOUSE, _June 13, 1902_. + +_To the Senate and House of Representatives_: + +I deem it important before the adjournment of the present session of +Congress to call attention to the following expressions in the message +which in the discharge of the duty imposed upon me by the Constitution +I sent to Congress on the first Tuesday of December last: + + Elsewhere I have discussed the question of reciprocity. In the case of + Cuba, however, there are weighty reasons of morality and of national + interest why the policy should be held to have a peculiar application, + and I most earnestly ask your attention to the wisdom, indeed to the + vital need, of providing for a substantial reduction in the tariff + duties on Cuban imports into the United States. Cuba has in her + Constitution affirmed what we desired, that she should stand, in + international matters, in closer and more friendly relations with us + than with any other power; and we are bound by every consideration of + honor and expediency to pass commercial measures in the interest of + her material well being. + + +This recommendation was merely giving practical effect to President +McKinley's words, when, in his messages of December 5, 1898, and +December 5, 1899, he wrote: + + It is important that our relations with this people (of Cuba) shall be + of the most friendly character and our commercial relations close and + reciprocal. * * * We have accepted a trust, the fulfillment of which + calls for the sternest integrity of purpose and the exercise of the + highest wisdom. The new Cuba yet to arise from the ashes of the past + must needs be bound to us by ties of singular intimacy and strength + if its enduring welfare is to be assured. * * * The greatest blessing + which can come to Cuba is the restoration of her agricultural and + industrial prosperity. + + +Yesterday, June 12, I received, by cable from the American minister in +Cuba, a most earnest appeal from President Palma for "legislative relief +before it is too late and (his) country financially ruined." + +The granting of reciprocity with Cuba is a proposition which stands +entirely alone. The reasons for it far outweigh those for granting +reciprocity with any other nation, and are entirely consistent with +preserving intact the protective system under which this country has +thriven so marvelously. The present tariff law was designed to promote +the adoption of such a reciprocity treaty, and expressly provided for a +reduction not to exceed 20 per cent upon goods coming from a particular +country, leaving the tariff rates on the same articles unchanged as +regards all other countries. Objection has been made to the granting of +the reduction on the ground that the substantial benefit would not go +to the agricultural producer of sugar, but would inure to the American +sugar refiners. In my judgment provision can and should be made which +will guarantee us against this possibility, without having recourse to +a measure of doubtful policy, such as a bounty in the form of a rebate. + +The question as to which if any of the different schedules of the +tariff ought most properly to be revised does not enter into this matter +in any way or shape. We are concerned with getting a friendly reciprocal +arrangement with Cuba. This arrangement applies to all the articles that +Cuba grows or produces. It is not in our power to determine what these +articles shall be, and any discussion of the tariff as it affects +special schedules or countries other than Cuba is wholly aside from the +subject matter to which I call your attention. + +Some of our citizens oppose the lowering of the tariff on Cuban products +just as three years ago they opposed the admission of the Hawaiian +Islands lest free trade with them might ruin certain of our interests +here. In the actual event their fears proved baseless as regards Hawaii, +and their apprehensions as to the damage to any industry of our own +because of the proposed measure of reciprocity with Cuba seem to me +equally baseless. In my judgment no American industry will be hurt, +and many American industries will be benefited by the proposed action. +It is to our advantage as a nation that the growing Cuban market should +be controlled by American producers. + +The events following the war with Spain, and the prospective building of +the Isthmian Canal, render it certain that we must take in the future a +far greater interest than hitherto in what happens throughout the West +Indies, Central America, and the adjacent coasts and waters. We expect +Cuba to treat us on an exceptional footing politically, and we should +put her in the same exceptional position economically. The proposed +action is in line with the course we have pursued as regards all the +islands with which we have been brought into relations of varying +intimacy by the Spanish war. Puerto Rico and Hawaii have been included +within our tariff lines, to their great benefit as well as ours, +and without any of the feared detriment to our own industries. The +Philippines, which stand in a different relation, have been granted +substantial tariff concessions. + +Cuba is an independent republic, but a republic which has assumed +certain special obligations as regards her international position in +compliance with our request. I ask for her certain special economic +concessions in return; these economic concessions to benefit us as well +as her. There are few brighter pages in American history than the page +which tells of our dealings with Cuba during the past four years. On her +behalf we waged a war of which the mainspring was generous indignation +against oppression; and we have kept faith absolutely. It is earnestly +to be hoped that we will complete in the same spirit the record so well +begun, and show in our dealings with Cuba that steady continuity of +policy which it is essential for our nation to establish in foreign +affairs if we desire to play well our part as a world power. + +We are a wealthy and powerful nation; Cuba is a young republic, still +weak, who owes to us her birth, whose whole future, whose very life, +must depend on our attitude toward her. I ask that we help her as she +struggles upward along the painful and difficult road of self-governing +independence. I ask this aid for her, because she is weak, because she +needs it, because we have already aided her. I ask that open-handed +help, of a kind which a self-respecting people can accept, be given to +Cuba, for the very reason that we have given her such help in the past. +Our soldiers fought to give her freedom; and for three years our +representatives, civil and military, have toiled unceasingly, facing +disease of a peculiarly sinister and fatal type, with patient and +uncomplaining fortitude, to teach her how to use aright her new freedom. +Never in history has any alien country been thus administered, with such +high integrity of purpose, such wise judgment, and such single-minded +devotion to the country's interests. Now, I ask that the Cubans be given +all possible chance to use to the best advantage the freedom of which +Americans have such right to be proud, and for which so many American +lives have been sacrificed. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + + +PROCLAMATIONS. + + +BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. + +A PROCLAMATION. + +_To the People of the United States_: + +A terrible bereavement has befallen our people. The President of the +United States has been struck down; a crime not only against the Chief +Magistrate, but against every law-abiding and liberty-loving citizen. + +President McKinley crowned a life of largest love for his fellow men, of +earnest endeavor for their welfare, by a death of Christian fortitude; +and both the way in which he lived his life and the way in which, in the +supreme hour of trial, he met his death will remain forever a precious +heritage of our people. + +It is meet that we as a nation express our abiding love and reverence +for his life, our deep sorrow for his untimely death. + +Now, therefore, I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States +of America, do appoint Thursday next, September 19, the day in which +the body of the dead President will be laid in its last earthly resting +place, as a day of mourning and prayer throughout the United States. +I earnestly recommend all the people to assemble on that day in their +respective places of divine worship, there to bow down in submission to +the will of Almighty God, and to pay out of full hearts the homage of +love and reverence to the memory of the great and good President, whose +death has so sorely smitten the nation. + +In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of +the United States to be affixed. + +[SEAL.] + +Done at the city of Washington, the fourteenth day of September, A.D. +1901, and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and +twenty-sixth. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + +By the President: + JOHN HAY, + _Secretary of State_. + + + +BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. + +A PROCLAMATION. + +The season is nigh when, according to the time-hallowed custom of our +people, the President appoints a day as the especial occasion for praise +and thanksgiving to God. + +This Thanksgiving finds the people still bowed with sorrow for the death +of a great and good President. We mourn President McKinley because we so +loved and honored him; and the manner of his death should awaken in the +breasts of our people a keen anxiety for the country, and at the same +time a resolute purpose not to be driven by any calamity from the path +of strong, orderly, popular liberty which as a nation we have thus far +safely trod. + +Yet in spite of this great disaster, it is nevertheless true that no +people on earth have such abundant cause for thanksgiving as we have. +The past year in particular has been one of peace and plenty. We have +prospered in things material and have been able to work for our own +uplifting in things intellectual and spiritual. Let us remember that, +as much has been given us, much will be expected from us; and that true +homage comes from the heart as well as from the lips and shows itself in +deeds. We can best prove our thankfulness to the Almighty by the way in +which on this earth and at this time each of us does his duty to his +fellow men. + +Now, therefore, I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, +do hereby designate as a day of general thanksgiving Thursday, the 28th +of this present November, and do recommend that throughout the land the +people cease from their wonted occupations, and at their several homes +and places of worship reverently thank the Giver of all good for the +countless blessings of our national life. + +In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of +the United States to be affixed. + +[SEAL.] + +Done at the city of Washington this second day of November, A.D. 1901, +and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and +twenty-sixth. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + +By the President: + JOHN HAY, + _Secretary of State_. + + + +BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. + +A PROCLAMATION. + +Whereas, it is provided by section twenty-four of the act of Congress, +approved March third, 1891, entitled "An act to repeal timber-culture +laws, and for other purposes," "That the President of the United States +may, from time to time, set apart and reserve, in any State or Territory +having public land bearing forests, in any part of the public lands +wholly or in part covered with timber or undergrowth, whether of +commercial value or not, as public reservations, and the President +shall, by public proclamation, declare the establishment of such +reservations and the limits thereof;" + +And whereas, the public lands in the State of Colorado, within the +limits hereinafter described, are in part covered with timber, and it +appears that the public good would be promoted by setting apart and +reserving said lands as a public reservation; + +Now, therefore, I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, +by virtue of the power in me vested by section twenty-four of the +aforesaid act of Congress, do hereby make known and proclaim that there +are hereby reserved from entry or settlement and set apart as a Public +Reservation all those certain tracts, pieces or parcels of land lying +and being situate in the State of Colorado and particularly described +as follows, to wit: + +In township forty-four (44) north, range eleven (11) east, the following +sections: one (1) to three (3), both inclusive, east half of section +four (4), sections ten (10) to fifteen (15), both inclusive, east half +of section twenty-two (22), sections twenty-three (23) to twenty-six +(26), both inclusive, and section thirty-five (35). + +In township forty-five (45) north, range eleven (11) east, the following +sections: one (1) to five (5), both inclusive, east half of sections six +(6) and seven (7), sections eight (8) to seventeen (17), both inclusive, +sections twenty (20) to twenty-eight (28), both inclusive, east half of +section twenty-nine (29) and sections thirty-three (33) to thirty-six +(36), both inclusive. + +In township forty-three (43) north, range twelve (12) east, the +following sections: one (1) to five (5), both inclusive, and sections +eight (8) to twelve (12), both inclusive. + +In township forty-four (44) north, range twelve (12) east, the following +sections: one (1) to thirty-five (35), both inclusive. + +In township forty-five (45) north, range twelve (12) east, the following +sections: two (2) to eleven (11), both inclusive, and sections thirteen +(13) to thirty-five (35), both inclusive. + +Excepting from the force and effect of this proclamation all lands which +may have been, prior to the date hereof, embraced in any legal entry or +covered by any lawful filing duly of record in the proper United States +Land Office, or upon which any valid settlement has been made pursuant +to law, and the statutory period within which to make entry or filing of +record has not expired: _Provided_, that this exception shall not +continue to apply to any particular tract of land unless the entryman, +settler or claimant continues to comply with the law under which the +entry, filing or settlement was made. + +Warning is hereby expressly given to all persons not to make settlement +upon the tract of land reserved by this proclamation. + +The reservation hereby established shall be known as The San Isabel +Forest Reserve. + +In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of +the United States to be affixed. + +[SEAL.] + +Done at the city of Washington this eleventh day of April, A.D. 1902, +and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and +twenty-sixth. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + +By the President: + DAVID J. HILL, + _Acting Secretary of State_. + + + +BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. + +A PROCLAMATION. + +Whereas it is provided by section twenty-four of the act of Congress +approved March third, eighteen hundred and ninety-one, entitled +"An act to repeal timber-culture laws, and for other purposes," "That +the President of the United States may, from time to time, set apart and +reserve, in any State or Territory having public land bearing forests, +in any part of the public lands wholly or in part covered with timber or +undergrowth, whether of commercial value or not, as public reservations, +and the President shall, by public proclamation, declare the +establishment of such reservations and the limits thereof;" + +And whereas the public lands in the Territory of Arizona, within the +limits hereinafter described, are in part covered with timber, and it +appears that the public good would be promoted by setting apart and +reserving said lands as a public reservation; + +Now, therefore, I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, +by virtue of the power in me vested by section twenty-four of the +aforesaid act of Congress, do hereby make known and proclaim that there +is hereby reserved from entry or settlement and set apart as a public +reservation all those certain tracts, pieces, or parcels of land lying +and being situate in the Territory of Arizona, and within the boundaries +particularly described as follows, to wit: + +Beginning at the northwest corner of township fifteen (15) south, range +fourteen (14) east, Gila and Salt River Meridian, Arizona; thence +southerly along the range line to its intersection with the third (3d) +Standard Parallel south; thence easterly along said parallel to the +northwest corner of section five (5), township sixteen (16) south, range +fourteen (14) east; thence southerly along the section lines to the +southwest corner of section twenty (20), said township; thence easterly +to the southeast corner of said section; thence southerly along the +section lines to the northeast corner of section eight (8), township +seventeen (17) south, range fourteen (14) east; thence westerly to the +northwest corner of said section; thence southerly along the section +lines to the northeast corner of section thirty-one (31), said township; +thence westerly to the northwest corner of said section; thence +southerly along the range line to its intersection with the northern +boundary of the San Ygnacio de la Canoa Grant, as confirmed by the +United States Court of Private Land Claims; thence in a southeasterly +and southwesterly direction along the boundary of said grant to its +intersection with the range line between ranges thirteen (13) and +fourteen (14) east; thence southerly to the northeast corner of township +nineteen (19) south, range thirteen (13) east; thence westerly along the +township line to its intersection with the boundary of said grant; +thence in a southwesterly and northwesterly direction along said +boundary to its intersection with the section lines between sections +twenty-eight (28) and twenty-nine (29) and thirty-two (32) and +thirty-three (33), said township; thence southerly to the northeast +corner of section eight (8), township twenty (20) south, range thirteen +(13) east; thence westerly to the northwest corner of said section; +thence southerly to the southwest corner of section twenty (20), said +township; thence easterly to the southeast corner of said section; +thence southerly to the southwest corner of section thirty-three (33), +said township; thence easterly to the southeast corner of section +thirty-five (35), said township; thence northerly to the northeast +corner of said section; thence easterly to the southeast corner of +section twenty-five (25), said township; thence southerly along the +range line to its intersection with the fourth (4th) Standard Parallel +south; thence easterly, along the said surveyed and unsurveyed parallel, +to the point for its intersection with the range line between ranges +fifteen (15) east and sixteen (16) east; thence northerly along said +range line to the northwest corner of township nineteen (19) south, +range sixteen (16) east; thence easterly to the southeast corner of +section thirty-four (34), township eighteen (18) south, range seventeen +(17) east; thence northerly along the section lines to the southwest +corner of section fourteen (14), said township; thence easterly to the +southeast corner of said section; thence northerly to the southwest +corner of section one (1), said township; thence easterly to the +southeast corner of said section; thence northerly to the northeast +corner of said section; thence westerly to the southeast corner of +section thirty-five (35), township seventeen (17) south, range seventeen +(17) east; thence northerly to the northeast corner of said section; +thence easterly to the southeast corner of section twenty-five (25), +said township; thence northerly to the northeast corner of section +twelve (12), said township; thence westerly to the northwest corner of +said section; thence northerly to the northeast corner of section two +(2), said township; thence westerly to the southeast corner of section +thirty-three (33), township sixteen (16) south, range seventeen (17) +east; thence northerly to the northeast corner of said section; thence +westerly to the northwest corner of said section; thence northerly to +the northeast corner of the southeast quarter of section twenty-nine +(29), said township; thence westerly along the quarter-section lines to +the northeast corner of the southeast quarter of section twenty-five +(25), township sixteen (16) south, range sixteen (16) east; thence +northerly to the northeast corner of said section; thence westerly to +the northwest corner of said section; thence northerly to the northeast +corner of section twenty-three (23), said township; thence westerly to +the southeast corner of section seventeen (17), said township; thence +northerly to the northeast corner of section eight (8), said township; +thence westerly to the northwest corner of said section; thence +northerly to the northeast corner of section six (6), said township; +thence westerly along the third (3d) Standard Parallel south to the +southeast corner of section thirty-five (35), township fifteen (15) +south, range fifteen (15) east; thence northerly to the northeast corner +of section twenty-six (26), said township; thence westerly to the +northwest corner of said section; thence northerly to the northeast +corner of section twenty-two (22), said township; thence westerly to +the southeast corner of section seventeen (17), said township; thence +northerly to the northeast corner of section eight (8), said township; +thence westerly to the northwest corner of said section; thence +northerly to the northeast corner of section six (6), said township; +thence westerly to the southeast corner of section thirty-five township +fourteen (14) south, range fourteen (14) east; thence northerly to the +northeast corner of section twenty-six (26), said township; thence +westerly to the northwest corner of section twenty-seven (27), said +township; thence southerly to the southwest corner of section +thirty-four (34), said township; thence westerly to the northwest +corner, of township fifteen (15) south, range fourteen (14) east, +the place of beginning. + +Excepting from the force and effect of this proclamation all lands which +may have been, prior to the date hereof, embraced in any legal entry or +covered by any lawful filing duly of record in the proper United States +Land Office, or upon which any valid settlement has been made pursuant +to law, and the statutory period within which to make entry or filing of +record has not expired: _Provided_, that this exception shall not +continue to apply to any particular tract of land unless the entryman, +settler, or claimant continues to comply with the law under which the +entry, filing, or settlement was made. + +Warning is hereby expressly given to all persons not to make settlement +upon the tract of land reserved by this proclamation. + +The reservation hereby established shall be known as The Santa Rita +Forest Reserve. + +In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of +the United States to be affixed. + +[SEAL.] + +Done at the city of Washington, this eleventh day of April, A.D. 1902, +and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and +twenty-sixth. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + +By the President: + DAVID J. HILL, + _Acting Secretary of State_. + + + +BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. + +A PROCLAMATION. + +Whereas, The San Francisco Mountains Forest Reserves, in the Territory +of Arizona, were established by proclamation dated August 17, 1898, +under and by virtue of section twenty-four of the act of Congress, +approved March 3, 1891, entitled, "An act to repeal timber-culture laws, +and for other purposes," which provides, "That the President of the +United States may, from time to time, set apart and reserve, in any +State or Territory having public land bearing forests, in any part of +the public lands wholly or in part covered with timber or undergrowth, +whether of commercial value or not, as public reservations, and the +President shall, by public proclamation, declare the establishment of +such reservations and the limits thereof;" + +And whereas, it is further provided by the act of Congress, approved +June 4, 1897, entitled, "An act making appropriations for sundry civil +expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1898, and +for other purposes," that "The President is hereby authorized at any +time to modify any Executive order that has been or may hereafter be +made establishing any forest reserve, and by such modification may +reduce the area or change the boundary lines of such reserve, or may +vacate altogether any order creating such reserve;" + +And whereas, the public lands in the Territory of Arizona, within the +limits hereinafter described, are in part covered with timber, and it +appears that the public good would be promoted by setting apart and +reserving said lands as a public reservation; + +Now, therefore, I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, +by virtue of the power vested in me by the aforesaid acts of Congress, +do hereby make known and proclaim that, for the purpose of consolidating +into one reserve the lands heretofore embraced in the said San Francisco +Mountains Forest Reserves and of including therein the other adjacent +lands within the description hereinafter given, there is hereby reserved +and set apart as a public forest reservation all the lands embraced +within the following described boundaries and lying and being situate +in the Territory of Arizona, to wit: + +Beginning at the northwest corner of township twenty-two (22) north, +range one (1) east, Gila and Salt River Meridian, Arizona; thence +southerly along the said meridian, allowing for the proper offset on the +fifth (5th) Standard Parallel north, to the southwest corner of township +nineteen (19) south, range one (1) east; thence easterly along the +surveyed and unsurveyed township line to the point for the northwest +corner of township eighteen (18) north, range four (4) east; thence +southerly along the unsurveyed range line to its intersection with the +fourth (4th) Standard Parallel north; thence easterly along said +parallel to the point for the northwest corner of township sixteen (16) +north, range five (5) east; thence southerly to the point for the +southwest corner of said township; thence easterly to the point for the +northwest corner of township fifteen (15) north, range six (6) east; +thence southerly to the point for the southwest corner of section +eighteen (18), said township; thence easterly along the unsurveyed +section line to the point for the northwest corner of section nineteen +(19), township fifteen (15) north, range seven (7) east; thence +southerly to the southwest corner of said section; thence easterly along +the unsurveyed section lines to the southwest corner of section nineteen +(19), township fifteen (15) north, range nine (9) east; thence northerly +to the northwest corner of said section; thence easterly along the +section line to the southeast corner of section thirteen (13), said +township; thence northerly to the northeast corner of section twelve +(12), said township; thence easterly along the section lines to the +southeast corner of section one (1), township fifteen (15) north, +range eleven (11) east; thence northerly along the range line to its +intersection with the fourth (4th) Standard Parallel north; thence +westerly along said parallel to the southeast corner of township +seventeen (17) north, range eleven (11) east; thence northerly along the +surveyed and unsurveyed range line to the point for the northeast corner +of township eighteen (18) north, range eleven (11) east; thence westerly +to the southeast corner of township nineteen (19) north, range ten (10) +east; thence northerly along the range line to its intersection with the +fifth (5th) Standard Parallel north; thence westerly along said parallel +to the point for the southeast corner of township twenty-one (21) north, +range nine (9) east; thence northerly along the unsurveyed range line, +allowing for the proper offset on the sixth (6th) Standard Parallel +north, to the point for the northeast corner of township twenty-five +(25) north, range nine (9) east; thence westerly along the surveyed +and unsurveyed township line to the point for the northwest corner of +township twenty-five (25) north, range three (3) east; thence southerly +along the surveyed and unsurveyed range line, allowing for the proper +offset on the sixth (6th) Standard Parallel north, to the northeast +corner of township twenty-two (22) north, range two (2) east; thence +westerly along the township line to the northwest corner of township +twenty-two (22) north, range one (1) east, to the place of beginning. + +Excepting from the force and effect of this proclamation all lands which +may have been, prior to the date hereof, embraced in any legal entry or +covered by any lawful filing duly of record in the proper United States +Land Office, or upon which any valid settlement has been made pursuant +to law, and the statutory period within which to make entry or filing of +record has not expired: Provided, that this exception shall not continue +to apply to any particular tract of land unless the entryman, settler, +or claimant continues to comply with the law under which the entry, +filing, or settlement was made. + +_Provided further_, That nothing herein shall give any force or +effect to any claim or right to any of the lands heretofore embraced +within the said San Francisco Mountains Forest Reserves which would not +have been entitled to recognition if said reserves as heretofore +established had been continued in force without this consolidation. + +The reserve hereby created shall be known as the San Francisco Mountains +Forest Reserve. + +Warning is hereby expressly given to all persons not to make settlement +upon the lands reserved by this proclamation. + +In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the Seal of +the United States to be affixed. + +[SEAL.] + +Done at the city of Washington this twelfth day of April, A.D. 1902, +and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and +twenty-sixth. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + +By the President: + DAVID J. HILL, + _Acting Secretary of State._ + + + +BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. + +A PROCLAMATION. + +Whereas, it is provided by section twenty-four of the act of Congress +approved March 3rd, 1891, entitled, "An act to repeal timber-culture +laws, and for other purposes," "That the President of the United States +may, from time to time, set apart and reserve, in any State or Territory +having public land bearing forests in any part of the public lands +wholly or in part covered with timber or undergrowth, whether of +commercial value or not, as public reservations, and the President +shall, by public proclamation, declare the establishment of such +reservations and the limits thereof;" + +And whereas, the public lands in the State of Nebraska, within the +limits hereinafter described, are in part covered with timber, and it +appears that the public good would be promoted by setting apart and +reserving said lands as a public reservation; + +Now, therefore, I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, +by virtue of the power in me vested by section twenty-four of the +aforesaid act of Congress, do hereby make known and proclaim that there +is hereby reserved from entry or settlement and set apart as a Public +Reservation all those certain tracts, pieces or parcels of land lying +and being situate in the State of Nebraska and within the boundaries +particularly described as follows, to wit: + +Beginning at the northeast corner of section ten (10), township +thirty-two (32) north, range thirty (30) west, Sixth (6th) Principal +Meridian, Nebraska; thence westerly to the southeast corner of section +six (6), said township; thence northerly to the northeast corner +of the southeast quarter of said section; thence westerly along the +quarter-section lines to the southeast corner of the northeast quarter +of section five (5), township thirty-two (32) north, range thirty-one +(31) west; thence northerly to the northeast corner of said section; +thence westerly along the township line to the northwest corner of +section six (6), township thirty-two (32) north, range thirty-three (33) +west; thence southerly to the southwest corner of the northwest quarter +of said section; thence westerly along the quarter-section line to the +northwest corner of the southwest quarter of section two (2) township +thirty-two (32) north, range thirty-four (34) west; thence southerly +along the section lines to the southwest corner of section twenty-three +(23), said township; thence easterly to the northwest corner of section +thirty (30), township thirty-two (32) north, range thirty-three (33) +west; thence southerly to the southwest corner of said section; thence +easterly to the northwest corner of section thirty-three (33), said +township; thence southerly to the southwest corner of said section; +thence easterly to the northwest corner of section two (2), township +thirty-one (31) north, range thirty-three (33) West; thence southerly to +the southwest corner of said section; thence easterly to the northwest +corner of section ten (10), township thirty-one (31) north, range +thirty-two (32) west; thence southerly to the southwest corner of the +northwest quarter of section three (3), township thirty (30) north, +range thirty-two (32) west; thence easterly along the quarter-section +lines to the southeast corner of the northeast quarter of section two +(2), township thirty (30) north, range thirty-one (31) west; thence +northerly to the northeast corner of section thirty-five (35), township +thirty-one (31) north, range thirty-one (31) west; thence easterly to +the southeast corner of section twenty-five (25), said township; thence +northerly to the southwest corner of section nineteen (19), township +thirty-one (31) north, range thirty (30) west; thence easterly to the +southeast corner of said section; thence northerly to the northeast +corner of the southeast quarter of said section; thence easterly along +the quarter-section line to the southeast corner of the northwest +quarter of section twenty (20), said township; thence northerly along +the quarter-section lines to the northeast corner of the southwest +quarter of section thirty-two (32), township thirty-two (32) north, +range thirty (30) west; thence westerly to the northwest corner of +said quarter-section; thence northerly to the southwest corner of the +northwest quarter of section twenty-nine (29), said township; thence +easterly along the quarter-section lines to the southeast corner of the +northeast quarter of section twenty-eight (28), said township; thence +northerly to the southwest corner of section fifteen (15), said +township; thence easterly to the southeast corner of said section; +thence northerly to the northeast corner of section ten (10), said +township, the place of beginning. + +Excepting from the force and effect of this proclamation all lands which +may have been, prior to the date hereof, embraced in any legal entry or +covered by any lawful filing duly of record in the proper United States +Land Office, or upon which any valid settlement has been made pursuant +to law, and the statutory period within which to make entry or filing of +record has not expired: _Provided_, that this exception shall not +continue to apply to any particular tract of land unless the entryman, +settler or claimant continues to comply with the law under which the +entry, filing or settlement was made. + +Warning is hereby expressly given to all persons not to make settlement +upon the lands reserved by this proclamation. + +The reservation hereby established shall be known as The Niobrara Forest +Reserve. + +In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of +the United States to be affixed. + +[SEAL.] + +Done at the city of Washington this sixteenth day of April, A.D. 1902, +and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and +twenty-sixth. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + +By the President: + JOHN HAY, + _Secretary of State_ + + + +BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. + +A PROCLAMATION. + +Whereas, it is provided by section twenty-four of the act of Congress, +approved March 3rd, 1891, entitled, "An act to repeal timber-culture +laws, and for other purposes," "That the President of the United States +may, from time to time, set apart and reserve, in any State or Territory +having public land bearing forests, in any part of the public lands +wholly or in part covered with timber or undergrowth, whether of +commercial value or not, as public reservations, and the President +shall, by public proclamation, declare the establishment of such +reservations and the limits thereof;" + +And whereas, the public lands in the State of Nebraska, within the +limits hereinafter described, are in part covered with timber, and it +appears that the public good would be promoted by setting apart and +reserving said lands as a public reservation; + +Now, therefore, I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, +by virtue of the power in me vested by section twenty-four of the +aforesaid act of Congress, do hereby make known and proclaim that there +is hereby reserved from entry or settlement and set apart as a Public +Reservation all those certain tracts, pieces or parcels of land lying +and being situate in the State of Nebraska and within the boundaries +particularly described as follows, to wit: + +Beginning at the northeast corner of section twenty-seven (27), +township twenty-two (22) north, range twenty-five (25) west, Sixth (6th) +Principal Meridian, Nebraska; thence westerly to the southeast corner of +section twenty (20), said township; thence northerly to the northeast +corner of said section; thence westerly to the southeast corner of +section thirteen (13), township twenty-two (22) north, range twenty-six +(26) west; thence northerly to the northeast corner of the southeast +quarter of section twelve (12), said township; thence westerly along the +quarter-section line to the northeast corner of the southeast quarter +of section ten (10), said township; thence northerly to the northeast +corner of said section; thence westerly to the southeast corner of +section six (6), said township; thence northerly to the northeast corner +of said section; thence westerly to the southeast corner of section +thirty-five (35), township twenty-three (23) north, range twenty-seven +(27) west; thence northerly to the northeast corner of said section; +thence westerly to the southeast corner of section twenty-eight (28), +said township; thence northerly to the northeast corner of said section; +thence westerly to the southeast corner of section twenty (20), said +township; thence northerly to the northeast corner of said section; +thence westerly along the section lines to the northwest corner of +section twenty-three (23), township twenty-three (23) north, range +twenty-eight (28) west; thence southerly along the section lines to the +southwest corner of section two (2), township twenty-two (22) north, +range twenty-eight (28) west; thence easterly to the southeast corner +of section one (1), said township; thence southerly along the range +line to the southwest corner of the northwest quarter of the northwest +quarter of section nineteen (19), township twenty-one (21) north, +range twenty-seven (27) west; thence easterly along the quarter +quarter-section lines to the southeast corner of the northeast quarter +of the northeast quarter of section twenty-three (23), township +twenty-one (21) north, range twenty-six (26) west; thence northerly +to the southwest corner of section twelve (12), said township; thence +easterly to the southeast corner of said section; thence northerly to +the northeast corner of said section; thence easterly to the southeast +corner of section five (5), township twenty-one (21) north, range +twenty-five (25) west; thence northerly to the northeast corner +of the southeast quarter of said section; thence easterly along the +quarter-section lines to the southeast corner of the northeast quarter +of section three (3), said township; thence northerly along the section +lines to the northeast corner of section twenty-seven (27), township +twenty-two (22) north, range twenty-five (25) west, the place of +beginning. + +Excepting from the force and effect of this proclamation all lands which +may have been, prior to the date hereof, embraced in any legal entry or +covered by any lawful filing duly of record in the proper United States +Land Office, or upon which any valid settlement has been made pursuant +to law, and the statutory period within which to make entry or filing of +record has not expired: _Provided_\ that this exception shall not +continue to apply to any particular tract of land unless the entryman, +settler or claimant continues to comply with the law under which the +entry, filing or settlement was made. + +Warning is hereby expressly given to all persons not to make settlement +upon the lands reserved by this proclamation. + +The reservation hereby established shall be known as The Dismal River +Forest Reserve. + +In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of +the United States to be affixed. + +[SEAL.] + +Done at the city of Washington this sixteenth day of April, A.D. 1902, +and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and +twenty-sixth. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + +By the President: + JOHN HAY, + _Secretary of State_. + + + +BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. + +A PROCLAMATION. + +Whereas by an agreement between the Shoshone and Bannock Indians +of the Fort Hall Reservation in Idaho, on the one part and certain +commissioners of the United States on the other part, ratified by act of +Congress approved June 6, 1900 (31 Stat., 672) the said Indians ceded, +granted, and relinquished to the United States all right, title, and +interest which they had to the following described land, the same being +a part of the land obtained through the treaty of Fort Bridger on the +third day of July. 1868, and ratified by the United States Senate on +the sixteenth day of February, 1869: + + All that portion of the said reservation embraced within and lying east + and south of the following described lines: + + Commencing at a point in the south boundary of the Fort Hall Indian + Reservation, being the southwest corner of township nine (9) south, + range thirty-four (34) east of the Boise meridian, thence running due + north on the range line between townships 33 and 34 east to a point two + (2) miles north of the township line between townships five (5) and six + (6) south, thence due east to the range line between ranges 35 and 36 + east, thence south on said range line four (4) miles, thence due east + to the east boundary line of the reservation; from this point the east + and south boundaries of the said reservation as it now exists to the + point of beginning, namely, the southwest corner of township nine + (9) south, range thirty-four (34) east, being the remainder of the + description and metes and bounds of the said tract of land herein + proposed to be ceded. + + +And whereas, in pursuance of said act of Congress ratifying said +agreement, allotments of land have been regularly made to each Indian +occupant who desired it, and a schedule has been made of the lands to be +abandoned and the improvements thereon appraised, and such improvements +will be offered for sale to the highest bidder at not less than the +appraised price prior to the date fixed for the opening of the ceded +lands to settlement, and the classification as to agricultural and +grazing lands has been made; + +And whereas, in the act of Congress ratifying said agreement it is +provided: + + That on the completion of the allotments and the preparation of the + schedule provided for in the preceding section, and the classification + of the lands as provided for herein, the residue of said ceded lands + shall be opened to settlement by the proclamation of the President, + and shall be subject to disposal under the homestead, townsite, stone + and timber, and mining laws of the United States only, excepting as + to price and excepting the sixteenth and thirty-sixth sections in each + Congressional township, which shall be reserved for common school + purposes and be subject to the laws of Idaho; _Provided_, That all + purchasers of lands lying under the canal of the Idaho Canal Company, + and which are susceptible of irrigation from the water from said canal, + shall pay for the same at the rate of ten dollars per acre; all + agricultural lands not under said canal shall be paid for at the rate of + two dollars and fifty cents per acre, and grazing lands at the rate of + one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre, one-fifth of the respective + sums to be paid at time of original entry, and four-fifths thereof at + the time of making final proof; but no purchaser shall be permitted in + any manner to purchase more than one hundred and sixty acres of the + land hereinbefore referred to; but the rights of honorably discharged + Union soldiers and sailors, as defined and described in sections + twenty-three hundred and four and twenty-three hundred and five of the + Revised Statutes of the United States, shall not be abridged, except + as to the sum to be paid as aforesaid. + + * * * * * + + No lands in sections sixteen and thirty-six now occupied, as set forth + in article three of the agreement herein ratified, shall be reserved for + school purposes, but the State of Idaho shall be entitled to indemnity + for any lands so occupied: _Provided_, That none of said lands + shall be disposed of under the townsite laws for less than ten dollars + per acre: _And provided further_, That all of said lands within + five miles of the boundary line of the town of Pocatello shall be sold + at public auction, payable as aforesaid, under the direction of the + Secretary of the Interior for not less than ten dollars per acre: _And + provided further_, That any mineral lands within said five mile limit + shall be disposed of under the mineral land laws of the United States, + excepting that the price of such mineral lands shall be fixed at ten + dollars per acre, instead of the price fixed by the said mineral land + laws. + + +And whereas, all the conditions required by law to be performed prior to +the opening of said lands to settlement and entry have been, as I hereby +declare, duly performed, except the sale of the improvements mentioned +above, but as this is not considered a bar to the opening of the +unallotted and unreserved lands to settlement and entry. + +Now, therefore, I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States of +America, by virtue of the power vested in me by law, do hereby declare +and make known that all of the lands so as aforesaid ceded by the +Shoshone and Bannock Indians, saving and excepting all lands allotted +to the Indians, and saving and excepting the lands on which the Indian +improvements have been appraised, and saving and excepting the sixteenth +and thirty-sixth sections in each Congressional township, and saving and +excepting Lots 7 and 8, section 21, NW 1/4 SW 1/4 and Lots 9 and 10, +section 22, T. 9 S., R. 38 E., B.M., known as "Lava Hot Springs," and +saving and excepting all of the lands within five miles of the boundary +line of the town of Pocatello, Idaho and saving and excepting the +lands ceded under the act of September 1, 1888 (25 Stat, 452), for the +purposes of a townsite, will on the 17th day of June, 1902, at and +after the hour of 12 o'clock, noon (Mountain Standard time), be opened +to settlement and entry under the terms of and subject to all the +conditions, limitations, reservations, and restrictions contained in the +statutes above specified, and the laws of the United States applicable +thereto. + +In view of the provision in said act "That all of said lands within +five miles of the boundary line of the town of Pocatello shall be sold +at public auction, payable as aforesaid, under the direction of the +Secretary of the Interior for not less than ten dollars per acre," the +lands "within five miles of the boundary line of the town of Pocatello." +saving and excepting all lands allotted to the Indians, and saving and +excepting the sixteenth and thirty-sixth sections in each Congressional +township, and saving and excepting the lands ceded under the act of +September 1, 1888 (25 Stat., 452), for the purposes of a townsite, will +on the 17th day of July, 1902, at and after the hour of 12 o'clock, noon +(Mountain Standard time), be offered at public auction at not less than +ten dollars per acre, under the terms and subject to all the conditions, +limitations, reservations and restrictions, contained in the statutes +above specified, and the laws of the United States applicable thereto. + +Because of the provision in the act ratifying said agreement that +"The purchaser of said improvements shall have thirty days after such +purchase for preference right of entry, under the provisions of this +act, of the lands upon which the improvements purchased by him are +situated, not to exceed one hundred and sixty acres," the said lands +upon which such Indian improvements purchased are situated outside of +the lands within five miles of the town of Pocatello, shall for the +period of thirty days after said opening be subject to homestead entry, +townsite entry, stone and timber entry, and entry under the mineral laws +only by those who may have purchased the improvements thereon, and who +are accorded a preference right of entry for thirty days as aforesaid, +such entries to be made in accordance with the terms and conditions of +this act. Persons entitled to make entry under this preference right +will be permitted to do so at any time during the said period of thirty +days following the opening, and at the expiration of that period any +of said lands not so entered will come under the general provisions +of this proclamation. + +The purchaser of the improvements on lands situated within five miles +of the town of Pocatello will have no preference right of entry of the +tract on which such improvements are situated, as the law provides that +"all of said lands within five miles of the boundary line of the town +of Pocatello shall be sold at public auction." + +In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of +the United States to be affixed. + +[SEAL.] + +Done at the city of Washington the seventh day of May, A.D. 1902, and of +the Independence of the United States the one hundred and twenty-sixth. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + +By the President: + JOHN HAY, + _Secretary of State_. + + + +BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. + +A PROCLAMATION. + +Whereas, The Big Horn Forest Reserve, in the State of Wyoming, was +established by proclamation dated February 22d, 1897, under and by +virtue of section twenty-four of the act of Congress, approved March 3d, +1891, entitled, "An act to repeal timber-culture laws, and for other +purposes," which provides, "That the President of the United States may, +from time to time, set apart and reserve, in any State or Territory +having public land bearing forests, in any part of the public lands +wholly or in part covered with timber or undergrowth, whether of +commercial value or not, as public reservations, and the President +shall, by public proclamation, declare the establishment of such +reservations and the limits thereof;" + +And whereas, it is further provided by the act of Congress, approved +June 4th, 1897, entitled, "An act making appropriations for sundry civil +expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June 30th, 1898, +and for other purposes," that The President is hereby authorized at any +time to modify any Executive order that has been or may hereafter be +made establishing any forest reserve, and by such modification may +reduce the area or change the boundary lines of such reserve, or may +vacate altogether any order creating such reserve; under such provision, +the boundary lines of the said forest reserve were changed and enlarged +by proclamation dated June 29th, 1900; + +Now, therefore, I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, +by virtue of the power vested in me by the aforesaid act of Congress, +approved June 4th, 1897, do hereby make known and proclaim that there is +hereby reserved from entry or settlement, and added to and made a part +of the aforesaid Big Horn Forest Reserve, all those certain tracts, +pieces or parcels of land lying and being situate in the State of +Wyoming and particularly described as follows, to wit: + +The west half of township fifty-six (56) north, range eighty-seven (87) +west; all of townships fifty-five (55) and fifty-six (56) north, range +eighty-eight (88) west; and the south half of township fifty-seven (57) +north, range eighty-eight (88) west, sixth (6th) Principal Meridian, +Wyoming. + +Excepting from the force and effect of this proclamation all lands which +may have been, prior to the date hereof, embraced in any legal entry or +covered by any lawful filing duly of record in the proper United States +Land Office, or upon which any valid settlement has been made pursuant +to law, and the statutory period within which to make entry or filing of +record has not expired: _Provided_, That this exception shall not +continue to apply to any particular tract of land unless the entryman, +settler or claimant continues to comply with the law under which the +entry, filing or settlement was made. + +Warning is hereby expressly given to all persons not to make settlement +upon the lands reserved by this proclamation. + +In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of +the United States to be affixed. + +[SEAL.] + +Done at the city of Washington this twenty-second day of May, A.D. 1902, +and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and +twenty-sixth. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + +By the President: + JOHN HAY, + _Secretary of State_. + + + +BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. + +A PROCLAMATION. + +Whereas, it is provided by section twenty-four of the act of Congress, +approved March 3d, 1891, entitled, "An act to repeal timber-culture +laws, and for other purposes," "That the President of the United States +may, from time to time, set apart and reserve, in any State or Territory +having public land bearing forests, in any part of the public lands +wholly or in part covered with timber or undergrowth, whether of +commercial value or not, as public reservations, and the President +shall, by public proclamation, declare the establishment of such +reservations and the limits thereof;" + +And whereas, the public lands in the State of Wyoming, within the limits +hereinafter described, are in part covered with timber, and it appears +that the public good would be promoted by setting apart and reserving +said lands as a public reservation; + +Now, therefore, I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, +by virtue of the power in me vested by section twenty-four of the +aforesaid act of Congress, do hereby make known and proclaim that there +is hereby reserved from entry or settlement and set apart as a Public +Reservation all those certain tracts, pieces or parcels of land lying +and being situate in the State of Wyoming and within the boundaries +particularly described as follows, to wit: + +Beginning at the point where the range line between ranges seventy-six +(76) and seventy-seven (77) west, sixth (6th) Principal Meridian, +Wyoming, intersects the boundary line between the States of Wyoming +and Colorado; thence westerly along said state boundary line to a +point where it intersects the range line between ranges eighty (80) and +eighty-one (81) west; thence northerly along said range line, allowing +for the proper offset on the third (3rd) Standard Parallel north, to the +southeast corner of township fourteen (14) north, range eighty-one (81) +west; thence westerly to the southwest corner of said township; thence +northerly along the range line allowing for the proper offset on the +fourth (4th) Standard Parallel north, to the northwest corner of +township seventeen (17) north, range eighty-one (81) west; thence +easterly to the northeast corner of said township; thence southerly to +the southeast corner of said township; thence easterly along the fourth +(4th) Standard Parallel north to the southwest corner of township +seventeen (17) north, range seventy-nine (79) west; thence northerly to +the northwest corner of said township; thence easterly to the northeast +corner of section five (5), township seventeen (17) north, range +seventy-eight (78) west; thence southerly along the section lines, +allowing for the proper offset on the fourth (4th) Standard Parallel +north, to the southeast corner of section thirty-two (32), township +fifteen (15) north, range seventy-eight (78) west; thence westerly to +the northeast corner of township fourteen (14) north, range eighty (80) +west; thence southerly to the southeast corner of said township; thence +easterly along the township line to the northeast corner of township +thirteen (13) north, range seventy-seven (77) west; thence southerly +along the range line, allowing for the proper offset on the third (3rd) +Standard Parallel north, to the point where it intersects the boundary +line between the States of Wyoming and Colorado, the place of beginning. + +Excepting from the force and effect of this proclamation all lands which +may have been, prior to the date hereof, embraced in any legal entry or +covered by any lawful filing duly of record in the proper United States +Land Office, or upon which any valid settlement has been made pursuant +to law, and the statutory period within which to make entry or filing of +record has not expired: _Provided_, that this exception shall not +continue to apply to any particular tract of land unless the entryman, +settler or claimant continues to comply with the law under which the +entry, filing or settlement was made. + +Warning is hereby expressly given to all persons not to make settlement +upon the lands reserved by this proclamation. + +The reservation hereby established shall be known as The Medicine Bow +Forest Reserve. + +In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of +the United States to be affixed. + +[SEAL.] + +Done at the city of Washington this twenty-second day of May, A.D. 1902, +and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and +twenty-sixth. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + +By the President: + JOHN HAY, + _Secretary of State_. + + + +BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. + +A PROCLAMATION. + +Whereas, the Yellowstone Park Timber Land Reserve, in the State of +Wyoming, was established by proclamation dated March 30, 1891, and the +boundary lines thereof were corrected by proclamation dated September +10, 1891, and the Teton Forest Reserve, in the State of Wyoming, was +established by proclamation dated February 22, 1897, under and by virtue +of section twenty-four of the act of Congress, approved March 3, +1891, entitled, "An act to repeal timber-culture laws, and for other +purposes," which provides, "That the President of the United States may, +from time to time, set apart and reserve, in any State or Territory +having public land bearing forests, in any part of the public lands +wholly or in part covered with timber or undergrowth, whether of +commercial value or not, as public reservations, and the President +shall, by public proclamation, declare the establishment of such +reservations and the limits thereof;" + +And whereas, it is further provided by the act of Congress, approved +June 4, 1897, entitled, "An act making appropriations for sundry civil +expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1898, and +for other purposes," that "The President is hereby authorized at any +time to modify any Executive order that has been or may hereafter be +made establishing any forest reserve, and by such modification may +reduce the area or change the boundary lines of such reserve, or may +vacate altogether any order creating such reserve;" + +And whereas, the public lands in the State of Wyoming, within the limits +hereinafter described, are in part covered with timber, and it appears +that the public good would be promoted by setting apart and reserving +said lands as public reservations; + +Now. therefore, I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, +by virtue of the power vested in me by the aforesaid acts of Congress, +do hereby make known and proclaim that, the executive proclamations of +March 30, 1891 (26 Stat., 1565), September 10, 1891 (27 Stat., 989), +and February 22, 1897 (29 Stat., 906), are hereby superseded, it being +one purpose of this proclamation to establish the two forest reserves +hereinafter named in place of the reserves heretofore created by said +executive proclamations; and, therefore, there are hereby reserved from +entry or settlement and set apart as Public Reservations all those +certain tracts, pieces or parcels of land lying and being situate in +the State of Wyoming and within the boundaries particularly described +as follows, to wit: + + +THE YELLOWSTONE FOREST RESERVE. + +Beginning at the point where the eastern boundary line of the +Yellowstone National Park intersects the boundary line between the +States of Wyoming and Montana; thence easterly along said state boundary +line to the point for its intersection with the range line between +ranges one hundred and three (103) and one hundred and four (104) west, +sixth (6th) Principal Meridian, Wyoming; thence southerly along said +unsurveyed range line to the point for its intersection with the +fourteenth (14th) Standard Parallel north; thence easterly along said +parallel to the northeast corner of township fifty-six (56) north, range +one hundred and four (104) west; thence southerly along the range line +to the southeast corner of township fifty-three (53) north, range one +hundred and four (104) west; thence westerly along the thirteenth (13th) +Standard Parallel north to the northwest corner of township fifty-two +(52) north, range one hundred and four (104) west; thence southerly +along the range line to the southwest corner of township forty-nine (49) +north, range one hundred and four (104) west; thence easterly along +the twelfth (12th) Standard Parallel north to the northeast corner of +section four (4), township forty-eight (48) north, range one hundred +and four (104) west; thence southerly along the section lines to the +southeast corner of section thirty-three (33), said township; thence +easterly to the northeast corner of township forty-seven (47) north, +range one hundred and four (104) west; thence southerly to the southeast +corner of said township; thence easterly to the northeast corner of +township forty-six (46) north, range one hundred and three (103) west; +thence southerly to the southeast corner of said township; thence +easterly to the northeast corner of township forty-five (45) north, +range one hundred and two (102) west; thence southerly along the range +line, allowing for the proper offset on the eleventh (11th) Standard +Parallel north, to its intersection with the southern boundary line of +Big Horn County, Wyoming, as defined in Sec. 982 of the Revised Statutes +of Wyoming (1899); thence, in a general northwesterly and northerly +direction, along said county line to its intersection with the southern +boundary of the Yellowstone National Park; thence, in an easterly and +northerly direction, along the southern and eastern boundaries of said +park to the point of intersection with the boundary line between the +States of Wyoming and Montana, the place of beginning, to be known as +the Yellowstone Forest Reserve; + + +THE TETON FOREST RESERVE. + +Beginning at the point where the boundary line between the States of +Wyoming and Idaho intersects the southern boundary of the Yellowstone +National Park; thence easterly along the southern boundary of said park +to its intersection with the western boundary line of Big Horn County, +Wyoming, as defined in Sec. 982 of the Revised Statutes of Wyoming +(1899); thence, in a general southerly and southeasterly direction, +along said county line to the northwest corner of the Wind River or +Shoshone Indian Reservation; thence, in a general southwesterly +direction, along the western boundary of said reservation to its +intersection with the township line between townships forty-two (42) and +forty-three (43) north; thence westerly along said township line to the +southwest corner of township forty-three (43) north, range one hundred +and seven (107) west; thence northerly to the northwest corner of +said township; thence westerly to the northeast corner of township +forty-three (43) north, range one hundred and nine (109) west; thence +southerly along the range line to the southeast corner of township +forty-one (41) north, range one hundred and nine (109) west; thence +easterly along the tenth (10th) Standard Parallel north to its +intersection with the western boundary of the Wind River or Shoshone +Indian Reservation; thence, in a southeasterly and southerly direction, +along the western boundary of said reservation to the point for its +intersection with the township line between townships thirty-three (33) +and thirty-four (34) north; thence westerly along said surveyed and +unsurveyed township line to the southwest corner of section thirty-four +(34), township thirty-four (34) north, range one hundred and nine (109) +west; thence northerly to the northwest corner of section three (3), +said township; thence westerly to the southeast corner of township +thirty-five (35) north, range one hundred and ten (110) west; thence +northerly to the north east corner of said township; thence westerly to +the southwest corner of section thirty-four (34), township thirty-six +(36) north, range one hundred and ten (110) west; thence northerly +to the northwest corner of section three (3), said township; thence +westerly along the ninth (9th) Standard Parallel north to the southeast +corner of township thirty-seven (37) north, range one hundred and ten +(110) west; thence northerly along the range line to the southeast +corner of township forty (40) north, range one hundred and ten (110) +west; thence westerly to the southwest corner of said township; thence +southerly along the range line to the southeast corner of township +thirty-seven (37) north, range one hundred and eleven (111) west; thence +westerly along the ninth (9th) Standard Parallel north to the northeast +corner of section four (4), township thirty-six (36) north, range one +hundred and twelve (112) west; thence southerly to the southeast corner +of section thirty-three (33), said township; thence westerly to the +northeast corner of township thirty-five (35) north, range one hundred +and thirteen (113) west; thence southerly to the southeast corner of +said township; thence westerly to the southwest corner of said township; +thence southerly along the range line to the southeast corner of +township thirty-three (33) north, range one hundred and fourteen (114) +west; thence westerly along the eighth (8th) Standard Parallel north +to the northeast corner of township thirty-two (32) north, range one +hundred and fifteen (115) west; thence southerly along the range line +to the southeast corner of township twenty-nine (29) north, range one +hundred and fifteen (115) west; thence westerly along the seventh (7th) +Standard Parallel north to the southeast corner of township twenty-nine +(29) north, range one hundred and eighteen (118) west; thence northerly +to the northeast corner of said township; thence westerly to the +southeast corner of the southwest quarter of section thirty-three (33), +township thirty (30) north, range one hundred and eighteen (118) west; +thence northerly along the quarter-section lines to the northeast corner +of the southwest quarter of section sixteen (16), said township; thence +westerly to the northwest corner of said quarter-section; thence +northerly along the section lines to the northeast corner of section +five (5), said township; thence westerly to the northwest corner of +said section; thence northerly to the northeast corner of the southeast +quarter of section thirty-one (31), township thirty-one (31) north, +range one hundred and eighteen (118) west; thence westerly to the +northwest corner of said quarter-section; thence northerly along the +quarter-section lines to the point of intersection with the eighth (8th) +Standard Parallel north; thence easterly along said parallel to the +southeast corner of township thirty-three (33) north, range one hundred +and eighteen (118) west; thence northerly to the northeast corner of +said township; thence westerly to the southeast corner of the southwest +quarter of section thirty-four (34), township thirty-four (34) north, +range one hundred and eighteen (118) west; thence northerly to the +northeast corner of the southwest quarter of section twenty-seven (27), +said township; thence westerly to the northwest corner of said +quarter-section; thence northerly to the northwest corner of said +section; thence westerly to the southeast corner of the southwest +quarter of section twenty-one (21), said township; thence northerly +along the quarter-section lines to the northeast corner of the southwest +quarter of section nine (9), said township; thence westerly to the +northwest corner of said quarter-section; thence northerly to the +northeast corner of section eight (8), said township; thence westerly +to the southeast corner of the southwest quarter of section five +(5), said township; thence northerly to the northeast corner of said +quarter-section; thence westerly to the northwest corner of said +quarter-section; thence northerly to the northeast corner of the +southeast quarter of section thirty-one (31), township thirty-five (35) +north, range one hundred and eighteen (118) west; thence westerly to +the northwest corner of the southwest quarter of said section; thence +northerly along the range line to its intersection with the ninth (9th) +Standard Parallel north; thence westerly along said parallel to its +intersection with the boundary line between the States of Wyoming and +Idaho; thence northerly along said state boundary line to the point +where it intersects the southern boundary of the Yellowstone National +Park, the place of beginning, to be known as The Teton Forest Reserve; +excepting and excluding from reservation all those certain tracts, +pieces or parcels of land lying and being situate in the State of +Wyoming and particularly described as follows, to wit: + +Township forty (40) north, range one hundred and sixteen (116) west; +townships forty-one (41) north, ranges one hundred and fifteen (115) and +one hundred and sixteen (116) west; and townships forty-two (42) north, +ranges one hundred and fifteen (115) and one hundred and sixteen (116) +west. + +Excepting from the force and effect of this proclamation all lands which +may have been, prior to the date hereof, embraced in any legal entry or +covered by any lawful filing duly of record in the proper United States +Land Office, or upon which any valid settlement has been made pursuant +to law, and the statutory period within which to make entry or filing of +record has not expired: _Provided_, That this exception shall not +continue to apply to any particular tract of land unless the entryman, +settler or claimant continues to comply with the law under which the +entry, filing or settlement was made. + +_Provided further_, That nothing herein shall give any force or +effect to any claim or right to any of the lands heretofore embraced +within the Yellowstone Park Timber Land Reserve or the Teton Forest +Reserve which would not have been entitled to recognition if said +reserves as heretofore established had been continued in force without +being merged into larger reserves as hereinbefore provided. + +Warning is hereby expressly given to all persons not to make settlement +upon the lands reserved by this proclamation. + +In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of +the United States to be affixed. + +Done at the city of Washington this twenty-second day of May, A.D. 1902, +and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and +twenty-sixth. + +[SEAL.] + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + +By the President: + JOHN HAY, + _Secretary of State_. + + + +BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. + +A PROCLAMATION. + +Whereas, by Executive Order dated December 27, 1875, Section 7, township +15 south, range 2 east, San Bernardino meridian, California, was with +certain other tracts of land withdrawn from the public domain and +reserved for the use of the Capitan Grande band or Village of Mission +Indians; and + +Whereas, the Commission appointed under the provisions of the act of +Congress approved January 12, 1891, entitled "An act for the relief of +the Mission Indians in the State of California" (U.S. Statutes at Large, +vol. 26, page 712), selected for the said Capitan Grande band or village +of Indians certain tracts of land and intentionally omitted and excluded +from such selection the said section 7, township 15 south, range 2 east, +and reported that the tracts thus omitted included the lands upon which +were found the claims of Jacob Kuehner and others; and + +Whereas, the report and recommendations of the said Commission were +approved by Executive Order dated December 29, 1891, which Order also +directed that "All of the lands mentioned in said report are hereby +withdrawn from settlement and entry until patents shall have issued +for said selected reservations, and until the recommendations of said +Commission shall be fully executed, and, by the proclamation of the +President of the United States, the lands or any part thereof shall +be restored to the public domain;" and + +Whereas a patent was issued March 10, 1894, to the said Indians for the +lands selected by the Commission as aforesaid and which patent also +excluded the said section 7, township 15 south, range 2 east; and + +Whereas it appears that the said Jacob Kuehner cannot make the requisite +filings on the land occupied by him until it shall have been formally +restored to the public domain, and that no good reason appears to exist +for the further reservation of the said section for the said band of +Indians: + +Now, therefore, I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, +by virtue of the power in me vested, do hereby declare and make known +that the Executive Orders dated December 27, 1875, and December 29, +1891, are so far modified as to except from their provisions section 7 +of township 15 south, range 2 east, San Bernardino meridian, and the +said section is hereby restored to the public domain. + +In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of +the United States to be affixed. + +Done at the city of Washington this twenty-ninth day of May, A.D. 1902, +and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and +twenty-sixth. + +[SEAL.] + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + +By the President: + DAVID J. HILL, + _Acting Secretary of State_. + + + +BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. + +A PROCLAMATION. + +Whereas the Yellowstone Forest Reserve, in the State of Wyoming, was +established by proclamation dated May 22, 1902, under the provisions of +the acts of March 3, 1891, entitled, "An act to repeal timber-culture +laws, and for other purposes," and June 4, 1897, entitled, "An act +making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government +for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1898, and for other purposes," +superseding the Yellowstone Park Timber Land Reserve; + +And whereas, the public lands in the State of Wyoming, hereinafter +described, are in part covered with timber, and it appears that the +public good would be promoted by setting apart and reserving said lands; + +Now, therefore, I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, +by virtue of the power vested in me by the aforesaid acts of Congress, +do hereby make known and proclaim that there is hereby reserved from +entry or settlement, and added to and made a part of the aforesaid +Yellowstone Forest Reserve, all those certain tracts, pieces or parcels +of land lying and being situate in the State of Wyoming and particularly +described as follows, to wit: + +Sections one (1), two (2) and three (3), township forty-eight (48) +north, range one hundred and four (104) west; and all of township +forty-nine (49) north, range one hundred and four (104) west, sixth +(6th) Principal Meridian, Wyoming. + +Excepting from the force and effect of this proclamation all lands which +may have been, prior to the date hereof, embraced in any legal entry or +covered by any lawful filing duly of record in the proper United States +Land Office, or upon which any valid settlement has been made pursuant +to law, and the statutory period within which to make entry or filing of +record has not expired: _Provided_, that this exception shall not +continue to apply to any particular tract of land unless the entryman, +settler or claimant continues to comply with the law under which the +entry, filing or settlement was made. + +Warning is hereby expressly given to all persons not to make settlement +upon the lands reserved by this proclamation. + +In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of +the United States to be affixed. + +[SEAL.] + +Done at the city of Washington, this thirteenth day of June, A.D. 1902, +and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and +twenty-sixth. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + +By the President: + JOHN HAY, + _Secretary of State_. + + + +BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. + +A PROCLAMATION. + +Whereas, in the opening of the Kiowa, Comanche, Apache, and Wichita +Indian lands in the Territory of Oklahoma, by proclamation dated July 4, +1901, pursuant to section six of the act of Congress approved June 6, +1900 (31 Stat., 672, 676), the west half of the southeast quarter of the +southeast quarter and lot fourteen, of section sixteen in township seven +north, of range ten west of the Indian principal meridian, containing +thirty-eight acres and sixty-hundredths of an acre, were reserved for +the use of the Kiowa and Comanche Indian Agency; + +And whereas it appears that said land is no longer used or required for +use by said Indian agency, and that it adjoins the city of Anadarko, +Oklahoma Territory, and is needed by said city for park purposes, the +mayor of which city has applied to make entry thereof for said purposes +under the act of Congress approved September 30, 1890 (26 Stat., 502). + +Now, therefore, I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, +by virtue of the power in me vested by section six of said act of +Congress of June 6, 1900, do hereby declare and make known that said +land is hereby restored to the public domain, to be disposed of to said +city for park purposes under said act of Congress approved September 30, +1890. + +In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of +the United States to be affixed. + +[SEAL.] + +Done at the city of Washington, this twenty-third day of June, A.D. +1902, and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and +twenty-sixth. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + +By the President: + DAVID J. HILL, + _Acting Secretary of State_. + + + +BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. + +A PROCLAMATION. + +Whereas, the White River Plateau Timber Land Reserve, in the State of +Colorado, was established by proclamation dated October 16th, 1891, +under and by virtue of section twenty-four of the act of Congress, +approved March 3rd, 1891, entitled, "An act to repeal timber-culture +laws, and for other purposes," which provides, "That the President of +the United States may, from time to time, set apart and reserve, in any +State or Territory having public land bearing forests, in any part of +the public lands wholly or in part covered with timber or undergrowth, +whether of commercial value or not, as public reservations, and the +President shall, by public proclamation, declare the establishment of +such reservations and the limits thereof." + +And whereas, it is further provided by the act of Congress, approved +June 4th, 1897, entitled, "An act making appropriations for sundry civil +expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June 30th, 1898, +and for other purposes," that "The President is hereby authorized at any +time to modify any Executive order that has been or may hereafter be +made establishing any forest reserve, and by such modification may +reduce the area or change the boundary lines of such reserve, or may +vacate altogether any order creating such reserve;" + +Now, therefore, I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, +by virtue of the power vested in me by the aforesaid act of Congress, +approved June 4th, 1897, do hereby make known and proclaim that the +boundary lines of the aforesaid White River Plateau Timber Land Reserve +are hereby changed so as to read as follows: + +Beginning at the northwest corner of section twenty-seven (27), township +five (5) north, range ninety-one (91) west, sixth (6th) Principal +Meridian, Colorado; thence easterly along the section lines to the +northeast corner of section twenty-nine (29), township five (5) north, +range ninety (90) west; thence southerly to the southeast corner of said +section; thence easterly along the section lines to the northeast corner +of section thirty-five (35), said township; thence southerly to the +southeast corner of said section; thence easterly along the first (1st) +correction line north to the northeast corner of township four (4) +north, range ninety (90) west; thence southerly to the southeast corner +of section twenty-five (25), said township; thence westerly to the +southwest corner of said section; thence southerly along the section +lines to the northwest corner of section twelve (12), township three (3) +north, range ninety (90) west; thence easterly along the section lines +to the southwest corner of section four (4), township three (3) north, +range eighty-nine (89) west; thence northerly along the section lines +to the northwest corner of section twenty-one (21), township four (4) +north, range eighty-nine (89) west; thence easterly along the section +lines to the northeast corner of section twenty-four (24), said +township; thence southerly to the southeast corner of said township; +thence easterly to the northeast corner of section six (6), township +three (3) north, range eighty-eight (88) west; thence southerly along +the section lines to the northwest corner of section seventeen (17), +said township; thence easterly to the northeast corner of said section; +thence southerly to the southeast corner of said section; thence +easterly to the northeast corner of section twenty-one (21), said +township; thence southerly along the section lines to the northwest +corner of section thirty-four (34), said township; thence easterly along +the section lines to the northeast corner of section thirty-six (36), +said township; thence northerly to the southeast corner of section +twenty-four (24), said township; thence westerly to the southwest corner +of said section; thence northerly to the northwest corner of said +section; thence westerly to the southwest corner of section fourteen +(14), said township; thence northerly to the northwest corner of said +section; thence westerly to the southwest corner of section ten (10), +said township; thence northerly to the northwest corner of said section; +thence westerly to the southwest corner of section four (4), said +township; thence northerly along the section lines to the northwest +corner of section nine (9), township four (4) north, range eighty-eight +(88) west; thence westerly along the first (1st) correction line north +to the southwest corner of section thirty-four (34), township five (5) +north, range eighty-nine (89) west; thence northerly along the section +lines to the northwest corner of section twenty-two (22), said township; +thence easterly along the section lines to the northeast corner of +section twenty-four (24), township five (5) north, range eighty-six (86) +west; thence southerly along the range line, allowing for the proper +offsets on the first (1st) correction line north and on the base line, +to the southeast corner of township two (2) south, range eighty-six (86) +west; thence westerly along the township line to the northeast corner +of section four (4), township three (3) south, range eighty-seven (87) +west; thence southerly along the section lines to the southeast +corner of section thirty-three (33), township four (4) south, range +eighty-seven (87) west; thence westerly along the township line to the +southwest corner of township four (4) south, range ninety-one (91) +west; thence northerly to the northwest corner of said township; thence +westerly along the township line to the southwest corner of township +three (3) south, range ninety-three (93) west; thence northerly along +the range line to the northwest corner of township two (2) south, range +ninety-three (93) west; thence easterly along the township line to the +southwest corner of section thirty-four (34), township one (1) south, +range ninety-two (92) west; thence northerly along the section lines +to the northwest corner of section twenty-seven (27), said township; +thence easterly along the section lines to the northeast corner of the +northwest quarter of section twenty-six (26), township one (1) south, +range ninety-one (91) west; thence southerly along the quarter-section +lines to the southeast corner of the southwest quarter of section +thirty-five (35), said township; thence easterly to the northeast corner +of section two (2), township two (2) south, range ninety-one (91) west; +thence southerly to the southeast corner of said section; thence +easterly to the northeast corner of the northwest quarter of section +twelve (12), said township; thence southerly along the quarter-section +lines to the southeast corner of the southwest quarter of section +thirteen (13), said township; thence easterly along the section lines to +the southwest corner of the southeast quarter of section eighteen (18), +township two (2) south, range ninety (90) west; thence northerly along +the quarter-section lines to the northwest corner of the northeast +quarter of section six (6), said township; thence westerly to the +southwest corner of township one (1) south, range ninety (90) west; +thence northerly to the southeast corner of section twenty-five (25), +township one (1) south, range ninety-one (91) west; thence westerly to +the southwest corner of the southeast quarter of said section; thence +northerly to the northwest corner of the northeast quarter of said +section; thence easterly to the northeast corner of said section; thence +northerly to the southeast corner of section thirteen (13), said +township; thence westerly to the southwest corner of said section; +thence northerly to the northwest corner of said section; thence +easterly to the northeast corner of said section; thence northerly to +the northeast corner of said township; thence easterly along the base +line to the southwest corner of township one (1) north, range ninety +(90) west; thence northerly to the northwest corner of section +thirty-one (31), said township; thence easterly to the northeast corner +of said section; thence northerly to the northwest corner of the +southwest quarter of section twenty-nine (29), said township; thence +easterly to the northeast corner of the southeast quarter of said +section; thence northerly to the northwest corner of section +twenty-eight (28), said township; thence easterly to the northeast +corner of said section; thence northerly to the northwest corner of the +southwest quarter of section twenty-two (22), said township; thence +easterly to the northeast corner of the southeast quarter of said +section; thence northerly to the southeast corner of section fifteen +(15), said township; thence westerly along the section lines to the +northeast corner of section nineteen (19), said township; thence +southerly to the southeast corner of the northeast quarter of said +section; thence westerly to the southwest corner of the northwest +quarter of said section; thence southerly to the southeast corner of +section twenty-four (24), township one (1) north, range ninety-one (91) +west; thence westerly to the southwest corner of said section; thence +southerly to the southeast corner of section twenty-six (26), said +township; thence westerly to the southwest corner of said section; +thence southerly to the southeast corner of section thirty-four (34), +said township; thence westerly along the base line to the northwest +corner of township one (1) south, range ninety-one (91) west; thence +southerly to the southeast corner of section twelve (12), township one +(1) south, range ninety-two (92) west; thence westerly along the section +lines to the southwest corner of section ten (10), said township; thence +northerly along the section lines to the northwest corner of section +three (3), said township; thence easterly along the base line to the +southwest corner of section thirty-four (34), township one (1) north, +range ninety-two (92) west; thence northerly along the surveyed and +unsurveyed section lines to the point for the intersection with the +township line between townships two (2) and three (3) north; thence +easterly along the said township line to the southwest corner of section +thirty-four (34), township three (3) north, range ninety-one (91) west; +thence northerly along the section lines to the northwest corner of +section ten (10), township four (4) north, range ninety-one (91) west; +thence westerly along the first (1st) correction line north to the +southwest corner of section thirty-four (34), township five (5) north, +range ninety-one (91) west; thence northerly along the section lines to +the northwest corner of section twenty-seven (27), said township, the +place of beginning. + +The lands hereby excluded from the reservation and restored to the +public domain shall be open to settlement from date hereof, but shall +not be subject to entry, filing or selection until after ninety days' +notice by such publication as the Secretary of the Interior may +prescribe. + +This reservation shall hereafter be known as The White River Forest +Reserve. + +In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of +the United States to be affixed. + +[SEAL.] + +Done at the city of Washington this twenty-eighth day of June, A.D. +1902, and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and +twenty-sixth. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + +By the President: + JOHN HAY, + _Secretary of State_. + + + +BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. + +A PROCLAMATION. + +Whereas the President on August 20, 1901, issued his proclamation +stating that he has been advised by the Louisiana Purchase Exposition +Commission, pursuant to the provisions of section 9 of the act of +Congress approved March 3, 1901, entitled "An act to provide for +celebrating the one hundredth anniversary of the purchase of the +Louisiana Territory by the United States by holding an international +exhibition of arts, industries, manufactures, and the products of the +soil, mine, forest, and sea in the city of St. Louis, in the State of +Missouri," that provision had been made for grounds and buildings for +the uses specified in the said mentioned act of Congress; + +Whereas it was declared and proclaimed by the President in his aforesaid +proclamation that "such international exhibition would be opened in the +city of St. Louis, in the State of Missouri, not later than the first +day of May, 1903, and be closed not later than the first day of December +thereafter;" + +And whereas section 8 of the act of Congress approved June 28, 1902, +entitled "An act making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of +the government for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1903, and for +other purposes," fixes a subsequent date for the holding of the said +international exhibition and specifically states that "said commission +shall provide for the dedication of the buildings of the Louisiana +Purchase Exposition, in said city of St. Louis, not later than the +thirtieth day of April, 1903, with appropriate ceremonies, and +thereafter said exposition shall be opened to visitors at such time +as may be designated by said company, subject to the approval of said +commission, not later than the first day of May, 1904, and shall be +closed at such time as the national commission may determine, subject +to the approval of said company, but not later than the first day of +December thereafter;" + +Now, therefore, I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, +do hereby declare and proclaim the aforesaid provision of law to the end +that it may definitely and formally be known that such international +exhibition will be opened in the city of St. Louis, in the State of +Missouri, not later than May 1, 1904, and will be closed not later than +December first of that year. + +In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of +the United States to be affixed. + +[SEAL.] + +Done at the city of Washington, the first day of July, A.D. 1902, and of +the Independence of the United States the one hundred and twenty-sixth. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + +By the President: + DAVID J. HILL, + _Acting Secretary of State_. + + + +BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. + +A PROCLAMATION. + +Whereas, it is provided by section twenty-four of the act of Congress, +approved March 3rd, 1891, entitled, "An act to repeal timber-culture +laws, and for other purposes," "That the President of the United States +may, from time to time, set apart and reserve, in any State or Territory +having public land bearing forests, in any part of the public lands +wholly or in part covered with timber or undergrowth, whether of +commercial value or not, as public reservations, and the President +shall, by public proclamation, declare the establishment of such +reservations and the limits thereof;" + +And whereas, the public lands in the Territory of Arizona, within the +limits hereinafter described, are in part covered with timber, and it +appears that the public good would be promoted by setting apart and +reserving said lands as a public reservation; + +Now, therefore, I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, +by virtue of the power in me vested by section twenty-four of the +aforesaid act of Congress, do hereby make known and proclaim that there +is hereby reserved from entry or settlement and set apart as a Public +Reservation all those certain tracts, pieces or parcels of land lying +and being situate in the Territory of Arizona, and within the boundaries +particularly described as follows, to wit: + +Beginning at the northwest corner of township thirteen (13) south, +range fourteen (14) east, Gila and Salt River Meridian, Arizona; thence +northerly to the point for the northwest corner of section nineteen +(19), township twelve (12) south, range fourteen (14) east; thence +easterly along the unsurveyed section lines to the point for the +northeast corner of section twenty-one (21), said township; thence +northerly along the unsurveyed section lines to the point for the +northwest corner of section three (3), said township; thence easterly to +the point for the northeast corner of said township; thence northerly to +the point for the northwest corner of township eleven (11) south, range +fifteen (15) east; thence easterly along the second (2nd) standard +parallel south to the point for the northeast corner of said township; +thence southerly to the point for the southeast corner of section +thirteen (13), said township; thence easterly along the unsurveyed +section lines to the northeast corner of section twenty-four (24), +township eleven (11) south, range seventeen (17) east; thence southerly +along the unsurveyed range line to the point for the southeast corner of +section twelve (12), township thirteen (13) south, range seventeen (17) +east; thence westerly along the unsurveyed section lines to the point +for the southwest corner of section seven (7), township thirteen (13) +south, range fifteen (15) east; thence northerly to the point for the +northwest corner of said township; thence westerly to the northwest +corner of township thirteen (13) south, range fourteen (14) east, the +place of beginning. + +Excepting from the force and effect of this proclamation all lands which +may have been, prior to the date hereof, embraced in any legal entry or +covered by any lawful filing duly of record in the proper United States +Land Office, or upon which any valid settlement has been made pursuant +to law, and the statutory period within which to make entry or filing of +record has not expired: _Provided_, that this exception shall not +continue to apply to any particular tract of land unless the entryman, +settler or claimant continues to comply with the law under which the +entry, filing or settlement was made. + +Warning is hereby expressly given to all persons not to make settlement +upon the lands reserved by this proclamation. + +The reservation hereby established shall be known as The Santa Catalina +Forest Reserve. + +In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of +the United States to be affixed. + +[SEAL.] + +Done at the city of Washington this second day of July, A.D. 1902, and +of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and +twenty-sixth. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + +By the President: + JOHN HAY, + _Secretary of State_. + + + +BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. + +A PROCLAMATION. + +Whereas, satisfactory proof has been given to me by the Government of +Cuba that no discriminating duties of tonnage or imposts are imposed or +levied in the ports of Cuba, upon vessels wholly belonging to citizens +of the United States or upon the produce, manufactures, or merchandise +imported in the same from the United States, or from any foreign +country: + +Now, therefore, I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States of +America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by section 4228 of the +Revised Statutes of the United States, do hereby declare and proclaim +that, from and after the date of this, my Proclamation, so long as +vessels of the United States and their cargoes shall be exempt from +discriminating duties as aforesaid, any such duties on Cuban vessels +entering the ports of the United States, or on the produce, +manufactures, or merchandise imported in such vessels, shall be +suspended and discontinued, and no longer. + +In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of +the United States to be affixed. + +[SEAL.] + +Done at the city of Washington, the third day of July, A.D. 1902, and of +the Independence of the United States the one hundred and twenty-sixth. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + +By the President: + JOHN HAY, + _Secretary of State_. + + + +BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. + +A PROCLAMATION. + +Whereas many of the inhabitants of the Philippine archipelago were in +insurrection against the authority and sovereignty of the kingdom of +Spain at divers times from August, 1896, until the cession of the +archipelago by that kingdom to the United States of America, and since +such cession many of the persons so engaged in insurrection have until +recently resisted the authority and sovereignty of the United States; +and + +Whereas the insurrection against the authority and sovereignty of the +United States is now at an end, and peace has been established in all +parts of the archipelago except in the country inhabited by the Moro +tribes, to which this proclamation does not apply; and + +Whereas during the course of the insurrection against the kingdom of +Spain and against the government of the United States, persons engaged +therein, or those in sympathy with and abetting them, committed many +acts in violation of the laws of civilized warfare; but it is believed +that such acts were generally committed in ignorance of these laws, and +under orders issued by the civil or military insurrectionary leaders; +and + +Whereas it is deemed to be wise and humane, in accordance with the +beneficent purposes of the government of the United States toward the +Filipino people, and conducive to peace, order and loyalty among them, +that the doers of such acts who have not already suffered punishment +shall not be held criminally responsible, but shall be relieved from +punishment for participation in these insurrections and for unlawful +acts committed during the course thereof by a general amnesty and +pardon; + +Now, therefore, be it known that I, Theodore Roosevelt, President +of the United States of America, by virtue of the power and authority +vested by the Constitution, do hereby proclaim and declare, without +reservation or condition, except as hereinafter provided, a full and +complete pardon and amnesty to all persons in the Philippine archipelago +who have participated in the insurrections aforesaid, or who have given +aid and comfort to persons participating in said insurrections, for the +offenses of treason or sedition, and for all offenses political in their +character committed in the course of such insurrections pursuant to +orders issued by the civil or military insurrectionary authorities, +or which grow out of internal political feuds or dissensions between +Filipinos and Spaniards, or the Spanish authorities, or which resulted +from internal political feuds or dissensions among the Filipinos +themselves during either of said insurrections. + +_Provided_, however, that the pardon and amnesty hereby granted +shall not include such persons committing crimes since May 1, 1902, in +any province of the archipelago in which at the time civil government +was established, nor shall it include such persons as have been +heretofore finally convicted of the crimes of murder, rape, arson, or +robbery, by any military or civil tribunal organized under the authority +of Spain or of the United States of America, but special application may +be made to the proper authority for pardon by any person belonging to +the exempted classes and such clemency as is consistent with humanity +and justice will be liberally extended; and, further + +_Provided_, That this amnesty and pardon shall not affect the title or +right of the Government of the United States or that of the Philippine +Islands to any property or property rights heretofore used or +appropriated by the military or civil authorities of the Government of +the United States or that of the Philippine Islands organized under +authority of the United States by way of confiscation or otherwise; and + +_Provided further_, That every person who shall seek to avail +himself of this proclamation shall take and subscribe the following +oath before any authority in the Philippine archipelago authorized to +administer oaths, namely: "I solemnly swear (or affirm) that I recognize +and accept the supreme authority of the United States of America in the +Philippine Islands and will maintain true faith and allegiance thereto; +that I impose upon myself this obligation voluntarily without mental +reservation or purpose of evasion so help me God." + +Given under my hand at the city of Washington, this 4th day of July, +A.D. 1902, and in the one hundred and twenty-seventh year of the +Independence of the United States. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + +By the President: + ELIHU ROOT, + _Secretary of War_. + + + +Gen. Chaffee is relieved of his civil duties, and the Philippine +Commission is made the superior authority in the following order: + + +The insurrection against the sovereign authority of the United States +in the Philippine archipelago having ended, and provincial civil +governments having been established throughout the entire territory of +the archipelago not inhabited by Moro tribes, under the instructions of +the President to the Philippine Commission, dated April 7, 1900, now +ratified and confirmed by the act of Congress approved July 1, 1902, +entitled "An act temporarily to provide for the administration of +affairs of civil government in the Philippine Islands, and for other +purposes," the general commanding the division of the Philippines is +hereby relieved from the further performance of the duties of military +governor, and the office of military governor in said archipelago is +terminated. The general commanding the Division of the Philippines and +all military officers in authority therein will continue to observe the +direction contained in the aforesaid instructions of the President that +the military forces in the division of the Philippines shall be at all +times subject, under the orders of the military commander, to the call +of the civil authorities for the maintenance of law and order, and the +enforcement of their authority. + + + +Finally the President, through Secretary Root, pronounces the following +eulogy upon the United States Army: + + +HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, + ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE, + _Washington, July 4, 1902_. + + +_General Order, No. 66_. + +The following has been received from the War Department: + + WAR DEPARTMENT, _Washington, July 4, 1902_. + +_To the Army of the United States:_ + +The President, upon this anniversary of national independence, wishes to +express to the officers and enlisted men of the United States Army his +deep appreciation of the service they have rendered to the country in +the great and difficult undertakings which they have brought to a +successful conclusion during the past year. + +He thanks the officers and the enlisted men who have been maintaining +order and carrying on the military government in Cuba, because they +have faithfully given effect to the humane purposes of the American +people. They have with sincere kindness helped the Cuban people to take +all the successive steps necessary to the establishment of their own +constitutional government. During the time required for that process +they have governed Cuba wisely, regarding justice and respecting +individual liberty; have honestly collected and expended for the +best interests of the Cuban people the revenues, amounting to over +$60,000,000; have carried out practical and thorough sanitary measures, +greatly improving the health and lowering the death rate of the island. +By patient, scientific research they have ascertained the causes of +yellow fever, and by good administration have put an end to that most +dreadful disease which has long destroyed the lives and hindered the +commercial prosperity of the Cubans. They have expedited justice and +secured protection for the rights of the innocent, while they have +cleansed the prisons and established sound discipline and healthful +conditions for the punishment of the guilty. + +They have re-established and renovated and put upon a substantial basis +adequate hospitals and asylums for the care of the unfortunate. They +have established a general system of free common schools throughout +the island, in which over two hundred thousand children are in actual +attendance. They have constructed great and necessary public works. +They have gradually trained the Cubans themselves in all branches of +administration, so that the new government upon assuming power has begun +its work with an experienced force of Cuban civil service employees +competent to execute its orders. They have borne themselves with dignity +and self-control, so that nearly four years of military government +have passed unmarred by injury or insult to man or woman. They have +transferred the government of Cuba to the Cuban people amid universal +expressions of friendship and good will, and have left a record of +ordered justice and liberty of rapid improvement in material and moral +conditions and progress in the art of government which reflects great +credit upon the people of the United States. + +The President thanks the officers and enlisted men of the army in +the Philippines, both regulars and volunteers, for the courage and +fortitude, the indomitable spirit and loyal devotion with which they +have put down and ended the great insurrection which has raged +throughout the archipelago against the lawful sovereignty and just +authority of the United States. The task was peculiarly difficult and +trying. They were required at first to overcome organized resistance +of superior numbers, well equipped with modern arms of precision, +intrenched in an unknown country of mountain defiles, jungles, and +swamps, apparently capable of interminable defense. When this resistance +had been overcome they were required to crush out a general system of +guerrilla warfare conducted among a people speaking unknown tongues, +from whom it was almost impossible to obtain the information necessary +for successful pursuit or to guard against surprise and ambush. + +The enemies by whom they were surrounded were regardless of all +obligations of good faith and of all the limitations which humanity has +imposed upon civilized warfare. Bound themselves by the laws of war, +our soldiers were called upon to meet every device of unscrupulous +treachery and to contemplate without reprisal the infliction of +barbarous cruelties upon their comrades and friendly natives. They +were instructed, while punishing armed resistance, to conciliate the +friendship of the peaceful, yet had to do with a population among whom +it was impossible to distinguish friend from foe, and who in countless +instances used a false appearance of friendship for ambush and +assassination. They were obliged to deal with problems of communication +and transportation in a country without roads and frequently made +impassable by torrential rains. They were weakened by tropical heat and +tropical disease. Widely scattered over a great archipelago, extending +a thousand miles from north to south, the gravest responsibilities, +involving the life or death of their comrades, frequently devolved upon +young and inexperienced officers beyond the reach of specific orders or +advice. + +Under all these adverse circumstances the army of the Philippines has +accomplished its task rapidly and completely. In more than two thousand +combats, great and small, within three years, it has exhibited unvarying +courage and resolution. Utilizing the lessons of the Indian wars it has +relentlessly followed the guerrilla bands to their fastness in mountain +and jungle, and crushed them. It has put an end to the vast system of +intimidation and secret assassination, by which the peaceful natives +were prevented from taking a genuine part in government under American +authority. It has captured or forced to surrender substantially all +the leaders of the insurrection. It has submitted to no discouragement +and halted at no obstacle. Its officers have shown high qualities of +command, and its men have shown devotion and discipline. Its splendid +virile energy has been accompanied by self-control, patience, and +magnanimity. + +With surprisingly few individual exceptions its course has been +characterized by humanity and kindness to the prisoner and the +non-combatant. With admirable good temper, sympathy, and loyalty to +American ideals its commanding generals have joined with the civilian +agents of the government in healing the wounds of war and assuring to +the people of the Philippines the blessings of peace and prosperity. +Individual liberty, protection of personal rights, civil order, public +instruction and religious freedom have followed its footsteps. It has +added honor to the flag, which it defended, and has justified increased +confidence in the future of the American people, whose soldiers do not +shrink from labor or death, yet love liberty and peace. + +The President feels that he expresses the sentiments of all the loyal +people of the United States in doing honor to the whole army which has +joined in the performance and shares in the credit of these honorable +services. + +This general order will be read aloud at parade in every military post +on the 4th day of July, 1902, or on the first day after it shall have +been received. + +ELIHU ROOT, + _Secretary of War_. + +By command of Lieutenant-General Miles: + +H.C. CORBIN, + _Adjutant-General, Major-General, U.S.A._ + + + +BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. + +A PROCLAMATION. + +Whereas The Medicine Bow Forest Reserve, in the State of Wyoming, was +established by proclamation dated May 22, 1902, under and by virtue +of section twenty-four of the act of Congress approved March 3, 1891, +entitled "An act to repeal timber-culture laws, and for other purposes," +which provides "That the President of the United States may, from time +to time, set apart and reserve, in any State or Territory having public +land bearing forests, in any part of the public lands wholly or in part +covered with timber or undergrowth, whether of commercial value or not, +as public reservations, and the President shall, by public proclamation, +declare the establishment of such reservations and the limits thereof;" + +And whereas it is further provided by the act of Congress approved +June 4, 1897, entitled "An act making appropriations for sundry civil +expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1898, +and for other purposes," that "The President is hereby authorized at +any time to modify any executive order that has been or may hereafter +be made establishing any forest reserve, and by such modification may +reduce the area or change the boundary lines of such reserve, or may +vacate altogether any order creating such reserve;" + +And whereas the public lands in the State of Wyoming, within the limits +hereinafter described, are in part covered with timber, and it appears +that the public good would be promoted by setting apart and reserving +said lands as a public reservation; + +Now, therefore, I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, +by virtue of the power vested in me by the aforesaid act of Congress +approved June 4, 1897, do hereby make known and proclaim that the +boundary lines of the aforesaid Medicine Bow Forest Reserve are hereby +changed so as to read as follows: + +Beginning at the northwest corner of township seventeen (17) north, +range eighty-one (81) west, sixth (6th) Principal Meridian, Wyoming; +thence easterly to the northeast corner of said township; thence +southerly to the northwest corner of section thirty (30), township +seventeen (17) north, range eighty (80) west; thence easterly along the +section lines to the northeast corner of section twenty-five (25), said +township; thence northerly to the northwest corner of township seventeen +(17) north, range seventy-nine (79) west; thence easterly along the +township line to the northeast corner of section five (5), township +seventeen (17) north, range seventy-eight (78) west; thence southerly +along the section lines, allowing for the proper offset on the fourth +(4th) Standard Parallel north, to the southeast corner of section +thirty-two (32), township fourteen (14) north, range seventy-eight (78) +west; thence easterly along the township line to the northeast corner of +section four (4), township thirteen (13) north, range seventy-seven (77) +west; thence southerly along the section lines, allowing for the proper +offset on the third (3d) Standard Parallel north, to the point of +intersection with the boundary line between the States of Wyoming and +Colorado; thence westerly along said state boundary line to the point +of intersection with the range line between ranges eighty (80) and +eighty-one (81) west; thence northerly along said range line, allowing +for the proper offset on the third (3d) Standard Parallel north, to the +southeast corner of township fourteen (14) north, range eighty-one (81) +west; thence westerly to the southwest corner of said township; thence +northerly along the range line, allowing for the proper offset on +the fourth (4th) Standard Parallel north, to the northwest corner of +township seventeen (17) north, range eighty-one (81) west, the place +of beginning. + +Excepting from the force and effect of this proclamation all lands which +may have been, prior to the date hereof, embraced in any legal entry or +covered by any lawful filing duly of record in the proper United States +Land Office, or upon which any valid settlement has been made pursuant +to law, and the statutory period within which to make entry or filing of +record has not expired: _Provided_, that this exception shall not +continue to apply to any particular tract of land unless the entryman, +settler, or claimant continues to comply with the law under which the +entry, filing, or settlement was made. + +Warning is hereby expressly given to all persons not to make settlement +upon the lands reserved by this proclamation. + +The lands hereby excluded from the said reserve and restored to the +public domain shall be open to settlement from date hereof, but shall +not be subject to entry, filing, or selection until after ninety days' +notice by such publication as the Secretary of the Interior may +prescribe. + +In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of +the United States to be affixed. + +[SEAL.] + +Done at the city of Washington, this sixteenth day of July, A.D. 1902, +and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and +twenty-seventh. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + +By the President: + JOHN HAY, + _Secretary of State_. + + + +A PROCLAMATION. + +Whereas the act of Congress entitled, "An act to ratify and confirm a +supplemental agreement with the Creek tribe of Indians, and for other +purposes," approved on the thirtieth day of June, 1902, contains a +provision as follows: + + That the following supplemental agreement, submitted by certain + commissioners of the Creek tribe of Indians, as herein amended, is + hereby ratified and confirmed on the part of the United States, and the + same shall be of full force and effect if ratified by the Creek tribal + council on or before the first day of September, nineteen hundred and + two, * * * + + +And whereas the principal chief of the said tribe has transmitted to me +an act of the Creek national council entitled, "An act to ratify and +confirm a supplemental agreement with the United States" approved the +twenty-sixth day of July, 1902, which contains a provision as follows: + + That the following supplemental agreement by and between the United + States and the Muskogee (or Creek) Tribe of Indians, in Indian + Territory, ratified and confirmed on the part of the United States by + act of Congress approved June 30, 1902 (Public--No. 200.), is hereby + confirmed on the part of the Muskogee (or Creek) Nation, * * * + + +And whereas paragraph twenty-two provides as follows: + + The principal chief, as soon as practicable after the ratification of + this agreement by Congress, shall call an extra session of the Creek + Nation council and submit this agreement, as ratified by Congress, to + such council for its consideration, and if the agreement be ratified by + the National council, as provided in the constitution of the tribe, the + principal chief shall transmit to the President of the United States a + certified copy of the act of the council ratifying the agreement, and + thereupon the President shall issue his proclamation making public + announcement of such ratification, thenceforward all the provisions of + this agreement shall have the force and effect of law. + + +Now, therefore, I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, +do hereby declare said agreement duly ratified and that all the +provisions thereof became law according to the terms thereof upon the +twenty-sixth day of July, 1902. + +In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of +the United States to be affixed. + +[SEAL.] + +Done at the city of Washington, this eighth day of August, A.D. 1902, +and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and +twenty-sixth. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + +By the President: + ALVEY A. ADEE, + _Acting Secretary of State_. + + + + +EXECUTIVE ORDERS. + + +EXECUTIVE MANSION, _September 23, 1901_. + +In accordance with the provisions of the act of Congress approved June +4, 1897 (30 Stat., 34-36), and by virtue of the authority thereby given, +and on the recommendation of the Secretary of the Interior, it is hereby +ordered that sections 23, 24 of township seven south, range 93 west, 6th +principal meridian, Colorado, within the limits of the Black Mesa Forest +Reserve be restored to the public domain after sixty days' notice hereof +by publication, as required by law; these tracts having been found upon +personal and official inspection to be better adapted to agricultural +than forest purposes. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +TO ALL WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, GREETING: + +Know ye that reposing special trust and confidence in the integrity, +prudence, and ability of Thaddeus S. Sharretts, United States General +Appraiser, I have invested him with full and all manner of authority for +and in the name of the United States of America, to meet and confer with +any person or persons duly authorized by the government of China or by +any government or governments having treaties with China being invested +with like power and authority, and with him or them to agree on a plan +for the conversion into specific duties, as far as possible, and as soon +as may be, of all _ad valorem_ duties on imports into China in +conformity with the provisions in this regard contained in the final +protocol signed by the diplomatic representatives of China and the +Powers at Peking on September 7, 1901, the same to be submitted to the +President of the United States for approval. + +In testimony whereof I have caused the seal of the United States to be +hereunto affixed. + +[SEAL.] + +Given under my hand at the city of Washington, this first day of +October, A.D. 1901, and, of the Independence of the United States, the +one hundred and twenty-sixth. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +_October 15, 1901_. + +On and after January 1, 1902, the following ratings and pay per month +are established for the petty officers and other enlisted men of the +Commissary Branch of the United States Navy: + + + RATING. MONTHLY PAY. + + Chief Commissary Steward $70 + Commissary Steward 60 + Ship's Cook, 1st class 55 + Ship's Cook, 2d class 40 + Ship's Cook, 3d class 30 + Ship's Cook, 4th Class 25 + Baker, 1st class 45 + Baker, 2d class 35 + + +Landsmen detailed as crew messmen shall while so acting except when +appointed as reliefs during temporary absence of the regular crew +messmen receive extra compensation at the rate of $5 per month. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +WHITE HOUSE, _October 30, 1901_. + +It is hereby ordered that Harbor Island, and three islets southeast +thereof in Sitka Harbor, District of Alaska, be and they are hereby +reserved for the use of the Revenue Cutter Service subject to any legal +existing rights. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +WHITE HOUSE, _November 9, 1901_. + +It is hereby ordered that all tracts and parcels of land belonging to +the United States situate in the provinces of Zambales and Bataan, in +the Island of Luzon, Philippine Islands to the southward and westward of +a line beginning at the mouth of the Rio Pamatuan, near Capones Islands, +and following the imaginary course of the Pamatuan to the headwaters of +the easternmost branch of said river; from thence east, true, to meet a +line running north, true, from Santa Rita Peak; from this intersection +to Santa Rita itself; thence to Santa Rosa Peak, and thence in a +straight line in a southerly direction to the sea at the town of Bagac, +and including said town as well as all adjacent islands, bays, harbors, +estuaries, and streams within its limits, be and the same are hereby +reserved for naval purposes, and said reservations and all lands +included within said boundaries are hereby placed under the governance +and control of the Navy Department. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +WHITE HOUSE, _November 11, 1901_. + +It is hereby ordered that the southwest quarter, section twenty-nine, +and the southeast quarter, section thirty, township one south, range +eighteen west, San Bernardino base and meridian, California, be and they +are hereby reserved for lighthouse purposes, subject to any legal +existing rights. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +WHITE HOUSE, _November 15, 1901_. + +It is hereby ordered that San Nicolas Island, California, be and it is +hereby reserved for lighthouse purposes. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +_November 26, 1901_. + +From and after January 1, 1901, all enlisted men of the Navy will be +allowed seventy-five cents per month in addition to the pay of their +ratings for each good conduct medal, pin, or bar, issued for service, +terminating after December 31, 1901. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +WHITE HOUSE, _December 3, 1901_. + +From and after January 1, 1902, each enlisted man of the Navy who +holds a certificate as a credit from the Petty Officers' School of +Instruction, Navy Training Station, Newport, R.I., shall receive two +dollars per month in addition to the pay of his rating. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +WHITE HOUSE, _December 9, 1901_. + +From and after January 1, 1902, the classification and monthly pay +of Mess Attendants in the United States Navy shall be as follows: + + Mess Attendants, 1st class $24 + Mess Attendants, 2d class 20 + Mess Attendants, 3d class 16 + + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +WHITE HOUSE, _December 19, 1901_. + +Such public lands as may exist on Culebra Island between the parallels +of 18 deg. 15' and 18 deg. 23' north latitude, and between the meridians of 65 deg. +10' and 65 deg. 25' west longitude, are hereby placed under the jurisdiction +of the Navy Department. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +_January 17, 1902_. + +The attention of the Departments is hereby called to the provisions of +the laws giving preference to veterans in appointment and retention. + +The President desires that wherever the needs of the service will +justify it and the law will permit preference shall be given alike in +appointment and retention to honorably discharged veterans of the Civil +War, who are fit and well qualified to perform the duties of the places +which they seek or are filling. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +_January 31, 1902_. + +All officers and employees of the United States of every description +serving in or under any of the Executive Departments and whether so +serving in or out of Washington are hereby forbidden either direct or +indirect, individually or through associations, to solicit an increase +of pay, or to influence or to attempt to influence in their own interest +any legislation whatever, either before Congress or its Committees, or +in any way save through the heads of the Departments in or under which +they serve, on penalty of dismissal from the government service. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +_February 5, 1902_. + +As it is desirable in view of the expected visit of his Royal Highness, +Prince Henry of Prussia, to the United States that suitable arrangements +should be made for his reception and entertainment during his sojourn +in the United States, I hereby designate the following named persons to +serve as delegates for this purpose, and do hereby authorize and empower +them to make such engagements, incur such expenses, and to draw upon the +Secretary of State for such moneys as may be necessary with which to +pay the expenses thus incurred, to an amount to be determined by the +Secretary of State. + +The Assistant Secretary of State, David J. Hill, representing the +Department of State. + +Major-General Henry C. Corbin, Adjutant-General, U.S.A., representing +the War Department. + +Rear-Admiral Robley D. Evans, U.S.N., representing the Navy Department, +and to be Honorary A.D.C. to his Royal Highness. + +The following officers are detailed to assist the delegates: + +Colonel T.A. Bingham, U.S.A., Military Aide to the President; Commander +W.S. Cowles, U.S.N., Navy Aide to the President. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +WHITE HOUSE, _February 15, 1902_. + +In accordance with the provisions of Section 2212 of the Revised +Statutes and by virtue of the authority thereby given, it is hereby +ordered that the office of Surveyor-General in the surveying district +of the Territory of Arizona, be and it is hereby located at Phoenix, +Arizona, and the office of Surveyor-General at Tucson, Arizona, is +hereby discontinued, and the records and business thereof are hereby +transferred to the office of Surveyor-General at Tucson, Arizona. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +_March 24, 1902_. + +Paragraph 451 of the Consular Regulations of 1896 is hereby amended by +the addition of the following: + + No consular officer shall accept an appointment to office from any + foreign state as administrator, guardian or any other fiduciary capacity + for the settlement or conservation of the estate of deceased persons, + or of their heirs or of other persons under legal disabilities, without + having been previously authorized by the Secretary of State to do so. + + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +WHITE HOUSE, _March 26, 1902_. + +It is hereby ordered that the building known as the "office" and a tract +of land 200 feet square, the center of which shall be identical with +that of the building, and the sides of which shall be parallel with +those of the building in the limits of the Fort Yuma Abandoned Military +Reservation, Arizona, be and they are hereby reserved and set apart for +the use of the Weather Bureau. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +_To the Heads of the Executive Departments:_ + +As a mark of respect to the memory of the Right Honorable Lord +Pauncefote, of Preston, Late Ambassador Extraordinary and +Plenipotentiary of Great Britain to the United States, the President +directs that the National flag be displayed at half-mast upon the White +House and other federal buildings in the city of Washington on +Wednesday, March 28, 1902, the day of the funeral. + +GEORGE B. CORTELYOU, + _Secretary to the President_. + + + +WHITE HOUSE, _April 29, 1902_. + +_To the Heads of the Executive Departments:_ + +As a mark of respect to the memory of J. Sterling Morton, formerly +Secretary of Agriculture, the President directs that the National flag +be displayed at half-mast upon the White House and other federal +buildings in the city of Washington on Wednesday, April 30, 1902, the +day of the funeral. + +GEORGE B. CORTELYOU, + _Secretary to the President_. + + + +WHITE HOUSE, _April 29, 1902_. + +It is hereby ordered that the building known as the "Residence" and the +tract of land bounded on the north, east, and south by the rights of +way grant to the Yuma Pumping Irrigation Company by the act of Congress +approved January 20, 1893 (27 Stat., 420), and on the west by the east +line of the tract reserved by Executive Order of March 26, 1902, for +the Weather Bureau and the extension thereof to intersections with the +rights of way herein mentioned in the limits of the Fort Yuma Abandoned +Military Reservation, Arizona, be and they are hereby reserved and set +apart for the Customs Service. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +WHITE HOUSE, _April 30, 1902_. + +It is hereby ordered that the northwest quarter of the northwest +quarter and lot 4 of section 32, township one south, range 18 west, +San Bernardino base and meridian, California, be and they are hereby +reserved for light-house purposes, subject to any legal existing rights. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +_May 12, 1902_. + +It is hereby ordered that such employees of the Executive Departments, +the Government Printing Office, and the Navy Yard and Station at +Washington, D.C., as served in the Military or Navy service of the +United States in the late Civil War shall be excused from duty on +Saturday, the 17th instant, to enable them to attend the ceremonies +incident to the reburial of the late Major-General W.S. Rosecrans. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +WHITE HOUSE, _May 12, 1902_. + +It is hereby ordered that upon Wednesday, the 21st instant, such +employees of the Executive Departments, the Government Printing Office, +and the Navy Yard and Station at Washington, D.C., as served in the +military or naval service of the United States in the Spanish-American +War, or the insurrection in the Philippine Islands, shall be excused +from duty at 12 o'clock noon for the remainder of that day, to enable +them to participate in the ceremonies incident to the dedication of a +statue erected to the memory of the Spanish War dead at Arlington. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +WHITE HOUSE, _June 13, 1902_. + +It is hereby ordered that the southwest quarter section thirty-four +township twenty-three north, range one east, Willamette Meridian, +Washington, be and it is hereby reserved and set apart for the use of +the Navy Department for the purposes of a target range. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +WHITE HOUSE, _July 10, 1902_. + +No enlisted person in the Navy service of the United States shall be +discharged therefrom prior to the completion of his term of enlistment, +except for one of the following causes: Undesirability, inaptitude, +physical or mental disability, or unfitness. + +In every case, the recommendation for such discharge must be made by the +commanding officer of the vessel on which the man may be serving. + +Applications for discharges which reach the department except through +the commanding officers of vessels shall be without exception +disregarded. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +OYSTER BAY, _July 19, 1902_. + +The act of Congress approved June 14, 1902, having amended the Revised +Statutes of the United States so as to permit of the issuance of +passports to persons owing allegiance to the United States, whether +citizens of the United States or not, and under such rules as the +President shall designate and prescribe on behalf of the United States, +the instructions to the diplomatic officers of the United States and the +United States Consular regulations are hereby so modified and amended as +to permit diplomatic and consular officers of the United States having +authority to issue passports to issue them to residents of the Insular +Possessions of the United States who make satisfactory application. Each +applicant under this provision must state in addition to the information +now required in the application of a citizen of the United States that +he owes allegiance to the United States and that he does not acknowledge +allegiance to any other government and must submit an affidavit from +at least two credible witnesses having good means of the knowledge in +substantiation of his statements of birth and residence and loyalty. +The same fee shall be collected by diplomatic and consular officers +of the United States for issuing passports to residents of the Insular +Possessions as is now required for issuing passports to citizens of +the United States. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +WHITE HOUSE, _Washington, July 22, 1902_. + +By virtue of the authority vested in me by the act of Congress approved +July 1, 1902, entitled "An act authorizing the President to reserve +public lands and buildings in the Island of Puerto Rico for public uses, +and granting other public lands and buildings to the government of +Puerto Rico and for other purposes," Miraflores Island in the Harbor +of San Juan, Puerto Rico, is hereby reserved for use as a quarantine +station or a site for a marine hospital or for both said purposes under +the control of the Public Health and Marine Hospital service of the +United States. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +WHITE HOUSE, _July 25, 1902_. + +It is hereby ordered under the provisions of section 4 of the act of +Congress approved April 12, 1902, "To promote the efficiency of the +Revenue Cutter Service," that the Secretary of the Treasury shall "by +direction of the President" when officers of the Revenue Cutter Service +reach the age limit of 64 years, retire from them active service. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +WHITE HOUSE, _August 1, 1902_. + +From and after July 1, 1902, each enlisted man that has been rated +Seaman Gunner prior to April 1, 1902, or that holds certificate of +graduation from the Petty Officers' Schools, Seaman Gunner Class, shall +receive $2.00 per month in addition to the pay of his rating during +current and subsequent enlistments. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + + +WHITE HOUSE, _August 9, 1902_. + +It is hereby ordered that the south half of the southeast quarter and +the southwest quarter of section 3, township 22 north, range 26 west, +6th principal meridian, Nebraska, be, and they are hereby, reserved and +set apart for the use of the Department of Agriculture for purposes in +connection with experimental tree planting. + +THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + + * * * * * + + + + +INDEX + + +A. + +Acheen or Atjeh.--Population, 531,705. + +Adee, Alvey A.: + Acting Secretary of State, 169. + +Africa: + Repressing liquor trade in, suggestions made by Belgium, 60, 122. + +African Slave Trade: + International Congress at Brussels for abolition of, 60. + +Agricultural, Department of: + Discussed, 87, 152, 329. + Sugar-beet culture, 41, 53, 111, 152. + +Aguinaldo: + Referred to, 104, 111. + +Alabama.--Population (1900), 1,828,697. + +Alaska.--Population (1900), 62,592. + Discussed, 67, 126. + Education in, preparation for, recommended, 150. + Legislation, recommended, 32, 97. + Military Department of, 32. + Referred to, 32, 84, 150. + +Alexander, Gen. E.P.: + Settlement of question between Costa Rica and Nicaragua by, 124. + +Algeria.--Area 184,474 square miles; + population (1900) about 4,774,042. + +Allen Contract Law, amendment of, recommended, 46, 152. + +Amelia Island, a seacoast island on the northeast of Florida + between the mouths of the St. Mary and Nassau rivers. + +American Republics, Bureau of: + Discussed, 47, 78, 133. + Report of, transmitted and discussed, 47. + +Annual Messages of President: + McKinley, 22, 53, 113. + Roosevelt, 315. + +Arbitration, International: + Attitude of Great Britain and United States discussed, 12, 30, 129. + Treaty with Great Britain regarding, discussed, 13, 77. + +Argentine Republic.--Area 1,113,849 square miles; + population (1900), 4,794,149. + Treaty with, discussed, 122. + +Arizona Territory.--Population (1900), 122,212. + +Arkansas.--Population (1900), 1,311,564. + +Armenians obtaining citizenship in United States and returning + to Turkey expelled, discussed, 132. + +Army: + Commanding officers and men praised by President Roosevelt, 395. + Discussed by President-- + McKinley, 82, 146. + Roosevelt, 343, 395. + Eulogy on the Army of United States by President Roosevelt, + won by their gallantry and efficiency in the Cuban and Philippine + campaigns, 395. + +Asia.--Population estimated in 1900 to be 923,367,000. + +Attorney-General, Philander Chase Knox, Pennsylvania, born 1853; + admitted to the bar 1875; + present appointment April 5, 1901. + +Australia.--Population (1901), 3,767,443. + +Austria-Hungary.--Population (1900), 45,085,000. + Claims of, regarding subjects killed in riot in Pennsylvania, 62. + Expulsion of American citizens, 122. + +Autonomous Government for Cuba discussed, 334. + + +B. + +Bahama Islands.--Population (1901), 53,735. + +Banks and Banking, special commission to make suggestions + concerning, recommended, 328. + +Banks, National.--The total number of banks organized under the + act aggregates 5,820. Of these several have since become insolvent + or gone into liquidation, leaving in April, 1902, a total of 4,423 + in operation, with resources aggregating $5,962,135,452, and a + circulation of $309,781,740 outstanding. + Discussed by President McKinley, 25, 55. + +Banks, Savings.--There are now (1902), 1,007 such banks throughout + this country with deposits aggregating $2,518,599,536. + +Barbados Island.--Population (1902), 195,000. + +Bates, Brigadier-General John C., transmitting his report + in connection with the treaty effected by him with the Sultan + of Sulu, 104. + +Bavaria.--Population (1900), 6,176,057. + +Bear, The: + Referred to, 48. + +Belgium.--Population (1899), 6,693,810. + Convention with, for regulation slave trade, 60. + Importations of American products to, restrictions upon, discussed, 60. + Trade-marks, treaty with, regarding, 122. + +Bering Sea Fisheries: + Claims against Russia, 72. + Questions with Great Britain regarding, 29. + +Bermudas.--Population (1900), 17,535. + +Bertholf, Ellsworth P., thanks of Congress to, recommended, 50. + +Biographical Sketches of President: + McKinley, 5. + Roosevelt, 313. + +Boer War.--Attitude of the United States concerning, 68, 104, 126. + +Bolivia, diplomatic relations with, 61. + Insurrection in, discussed, 61. + War between Chile, Peru, and, 61. + +Boston, The, mentioned, 64. + +Boxers.--A religious sect in China who were largely responsible + for the disturbance in that country in 1900. On May 29, 1901, China + agreed to pay to the Powers, which are Austria-Hungary, Belgium, + France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, Russia, + and the United States, an indemnity amounting to 450,000,000 taels + ($300,000,000) for injuries inflicted by the Boxers. This indemnity + is to constitute a gold debt re-payable in thirty-nine annual + installments, due on Jan. 1st of each year up to 1941; interest at 4 + per cent to be payable half-yearly. The securities for the debt are + the Imperial Maritime Customs, otherwise unappropriated, increased + to five per cent _ad valorem_, the Navy Customs, and the Salt + Tax otherwise unappropriated. + +Brazil.--Boundary question with Bolivia discussed, 123. + Relations with, 57. + +Bremen.--Population (1900), 224,882. + +British Colonies, commercial relations with, 78. + +British Guiana.--Arbitration of, boundary questions discussed, 77. + Tariff laws of, evidence of modification of, proclaimed, 78. + +Buffalo, Pan-American Exposition at, 79, 133. + In order to wipe out the deficit incurred in this enterprise Congress + voted an appropriation for that purpose amounting to $500,000. + +Bulgaria.--Population (1900), 3,733,189. + + +C. + +Cabinet.--By a law which came into force on January 19, 1886, in + case of removal, death, resignation or inability of both the President + and Vice-President, the Secretary of State, and after him in the order + of the establishment of their departments, other members of the Cabinet + is removed, or a President elected. On the death of a Vice-President + the duties of the office fall to the President _pro tempore_ of + the Senate, who receives the salary of the Vice-President ($8,000.00.) + +California.--Population (1900), 1,485,053. + +Call, Dr. Samuel J., thanks of Congress recommended to, 50. + +Canada, Dominion of.--Population (1901), 5,369,666. + Commission, Joint High, progress of, discussed, 67. + +Canary Islands.--Population (1902), 334,500. + +Cape Verd Islands.--Population (1900), 147,424. + +Caroline Islands.--Dispute between Germany and Spain relating to + domination of, discussed, 67. + By treaty of February 12, 1899, these islands, with the exception of + Guam, the largest of the Marianne which had been ceded to the United + States in 1898, passed on October 1, 1899, from Spain into the hands of + Germany. The purchase-price paid by Germany was about $4,000,000. They + consist of about five hundred coral islets which are small and sparsely + peopled. The most important product and export is copra. + +Census, discussed and recommendations regarding, by President-- + McKinley, 86, 151. + Roosevelt, 350. + Referred to, 86, 151, 350. + +Centennial Anniversary of Founding of Washington as Capital to be + held in 1900, 46, 101, 153. + +Central America, Greater Republic of, establishment of, discussed, 58. + +Chile.--Population (1901), 3,128,095. + Boundary question with Argentine Republic, 60. + Commission to settle claims of U.S. against, discussed, 63. + +China.--Area of China proper 1,353,350 square miles; + with dependencies 4,234,910 square miles; + population 348,000,000; + of the whole Empire about 399,680,000. + American citizens in, protection for, discussed, 63. + Boxer uprising in, discussed, 114, 352. + Commercial relations with, 63. + Commission to study conditions in, recommended, 63. + Conditions in, discussed, 64. + Disturbances in, discussed, 115, 352. + Subjects of, in United States, outrages committed on, discussed, 116. + Troops sent to protect, 116. + War with Japan; action taken by U.S. regarding, 114. + +Citizens of United States: + Interference with rights of naturalized citizens of Australia, 122. + Property of, protected in South Africa, 68. + +Civil Service, discussed by President-- + McKinley, 12, 37, 102, 152. + Roosevelt, 347, 403. + +Colombia.--Population (1900), about 4,500,000. + Civil war in, discussed, and action of U.S. regarding, 61, 123. + Claims of United States against, 61. + +Colorado.--Population (1900), 539,700. + +Commerce: + Active co-operation of commerce serves in promoting foreign + commerce, 157. + Consular reports, 53, 78, 133, 157. + Discussed by President-- + McKinley, 12, 56, 78, 132, 133. + Roosevelt, 319. + Ecuador, 132. + Extension of, with foreign powers, referred to, 29. + Merchant Marine, discussed by President-- + McKinley, 56. + Roosevelt, 327. + Nicaragua, 132. + Reciprocal trade relations with foreign countries, commission for, 29. + Santo Domingo, 132. + Trusts discussed, 11, 57, 319. + With foreign powers, China, 64. + +Commerce with Foreign Powers: + Consular regulations, 407. + Consular reports on trade and industries, + referred to, 53, 78, 133, 157, 347. + +Concord, The, mentioned, 111. + +Congress.--Extraordinary session of, convened by proclamation + of President McKinley, 167. + Referred to, 15. + +Connecticut.--Population (1900), 908,420. + +Consular Reports, on trade and industries of foreign powers, + referred to, 157, 347. + +Consuls of the United States, active co-operation in + commerce, 157, 347. + May not act in a fiduciary capacity, 404. + Reports of consular agents, referred to, 19, 42, 53, 157, 347. + +Contagious Diseases: + Discussed, 271, 278. + +Costa Rica.--Population (1899), 310,000. + Boundary question with Nicaragua, arbitration of award of, + discussed, 124. + +Courts, Consular, regulations for, 264. + +Creek Indians: + Treaty with, discussed, 399. + Ratified by proclamation, 399. + +Crozler, Captain William, Peace Commissioner at The Hague, 80. + +Cuba.--Area 35,994 square miles; + population in 1899 by census, 1,572,797. + + In 1901 by act of Congress, autonomous government was granted to take + effect in May of that year. It was relinquished by Spain preliminary + to negotiations at Paris, December 10, 1898, and was advanced to the + position of an independent state. The armed interposition of the United + States in its struggle for freedom had the effect of bringing the + island into close communication with the United States government. + A convention met November 5, 1900, to decide upon a constitution and + this was adopted February 21, 1901, according to which the form of + government of the island is Republican, with a President, Senor Estrada + Palma, Vice-President, Senor Estevez, a Senate, and a House of + Representatives. It was upon the adoption of this constitution that the + United States decided to pass over the government to the Island of Cuba + as soon as the government of that island should agree that it would + make no treaty with any foreign power which would endanger its + independence; to contract no debt greater than the current revenue + would suffice to pay; to grant the United States the right of + intervention, and also to give it the right to use its naval stations. + These conditions were accepted by Cuba June 12, 1901, and the President + and Vice-President of the Republic of Cuba were formally elected + February 24, 1902. There are at the present writing some slight + evidences of dissatisfaction with the present administration, but they + are of the ordinary political nature. + + Census ordered, 290. + Constitutional Convention assembled, 145 + Creation of offices in, 263, 265. + + +D. + +Dahlberg, Gustav Isak, recommendation for indemnity to, 154. + +Dakota.--North and South Dakota created into a separate Internal + Revenue District, 282. + +Daws Commission, discussed, 35, 86. + +Day, William R., Secretary of State, 170. + +Debt, Public.--On July 1, 1901, the public debt of the United + States amounted to $2,143,326,933.89. + +Defenses, Public, discussed by President McKinley, 146. + +Delagoa Bay Railway, claims regarding, submitted to + arbitration, 130. + +Delaware.--Population (1900), 184,735. + +Denmark.--Population (1901), 2,464,770. + +Detroit, The, mentioned, 62. + +Distilled Spirits, sale of, in Manila, information concerning, + transmitted, 110. + +District of Columbia.--Population (1900), 278,718. + National celebration of the Centennial Anniversary of the transfer of + seat of Government to, 46, 101, 152. + + +E. + +Ecuador.--Population (1900), 1,270,000. + +Egypt.--Population, 9,734,000. + +Elections, Constitutional Convention in Cuba, appointed, 145. + Not to be held in Hawaii, 264. + +Europe.--Population (1900) about 380,000,000. + +Executive Departments: + Appointments and promotions in, order regarding promotions to be given + veterans in, 403. + Canvassing for outside support for promotions forbidden, 403. + Employees in, order permitting to participate in public exercises, + 264, 269, 285, 406. + +Expansion, Territorial, foreign policy discussed by President + McKinley, 19, 31. + +Expenditures, Public.--For the year ending June 30, 1899, + they had increased to $605,072,180. + Congress warned about, 9. + +Experiment Stations: + Discussed, 46. + +Exports.--In 1901 the value of exports in the United States was + $1,460,462,806 exclusive of gold and silver. + +Extraordinary Session of Congress, proclamation convening, 167. + + +F. + +Falkland Islands.--Population (1901), 2,043. + +Faure, President, death of, referred to, 64. + +Fiji or Feejee Islands.--Population (1901), 117,810. + +Finances, discussed by President-- + McKinley, 7, 13. 15, 135, 162. + Roosevelt, 319. + +Five Civilized Tribes, discussed, 33. + +Florida.--Population (1900), 528,542. + +Foreign Coins.--Value of Alphonsino and Louis fixed by order, 290. + +Foreign Import Duties, modifications of tariff laws discussed, 10. + +Foreign Policy of the United States, discussed, 12, 19, 51. + +Forestry System, inauguration of, discussed, 87. + +France.--Population (1901), 38,641,333, and of her colonial + possessions about 51,000,000. + Faure, President, death of, referred to by President McKinley, 64. + Wines, duty on, imported into United States modified by reciprocal + trade relations, proclamation concerning, 172. + +Free-Delivery System extended to rural districts, 148. + +French Exhibits and Relations at the World's Fair, Chicago, in + 1893, a reason for the United States participating largely at Paris, 39. + +Fugitive Criminals, convention regarding, with Peru, 131. + +Fuller, Melville W., member of Board of Arbitration, 129. + + +G. + +Geographic Names, Board on, report of, 159. + +Georgia.--Population (1900), 2,216,331. + +Germany.--Population (1900), 36,345,014. + Dispute with Spain regarding Caroline Islands, 67. + Importation of American products into, discussed, 126. + +Government Employees, order permitting to participate in public + exercises, 264, 269, 285. + +Great Britain.--Population (1901), 41,605,323; + area of the British Empire, including colonies, protectorates, etc., + 10,161,483 sq. miles, and the population in 1901 400,000,000. + Boundary dispute of, with Venezuela regarding British Guiana, 77. + Commerce of the United States, restrictions placed upon by, during + South African war, 126. + +Great Britain--Continued. + Commercial reciprocal convention concluded with, on behalf of + colonies, 78. + Commissioners award in the claims of the United States against, 39. + Interference with cargoes in neutral bottoms during Boer war by, 126. + Minister of United States in Pretoria protects British and other + interests in South Africa, 68. + Vessels of United States restricted in South Africa, 126. + +Greece.--Population (1894), 1,210,625. + + +H. + +Hawaiian Islands.--In accordance with resolution of Congress of + July 7, 1898, these islands were formally annexed to the United States + August 12, 1898. The islands were ceded as the Territory of Hawaii on + June 14, 1900. By the act of April 30, 1900, all persons who were on + August 12, 1898, citizens of the Republic of Hawaii were declared to + be citizens of the United States and of the Territory of Hawaii. The + territorial franchise is granted to residents in the territory for a + year, registration in the district, and ability to read and write the + English or Hawaiian language. As a military district the islands have + been attached to the Department of California. + Annexation of, to United States, 96. + Cable connection with, recommended, 146. + Discussed by President McKinley, 96, 150. + +Hay, John. Secretary of State, 182. + Authorized to confer with Great Britain and Germany concerning + Samoa, 270. + +Honduras.--Population (1900), 587,500. + + +I. + +Idaho.--Population (1900), 161,772. + +Illinois.--Population (1900), 4,821,550. + +Immigration discussed by President McKinley, 11. + +Inaugural Addresses of President-- + McKinley, 7, 162. + Roosevelt, 314, + +India.--Area, 1,559,603 square miles; + population (1901), 294,266,701. + +Indian Appropriation Bill.--Necessity of passing, discussed, 35. + +Indian Territory.--Population (1900), 302,060. + +Indiana.--Population (1900), 2,416,462. + +Indians: + Action recommended to enable the Iroquois, Delawares, and Abenaki + in Canada to attend exposition held at Omaha, 45. + Act to refer claims for depredations by, to Court of Claims, veto, 159. + Instructions to commissioners engaged with, in Indian Territory, 34. + Treaty with, ratified by proclamation, 40. + Five civilized tribes discussed, 33. + +Internal Revenue.--During the recent war with Spain there was + collected in 1901 from the taxes imposed for war purposes $306,871,669. + +Iowa.--Population (1900), 2,231,853. + +Italy.--Population (1901), 32,450,000. + Indemnity paid by United States for subjects of, lynched, 156, 158. + + +J. + +Japan.--Commercial relations with, 70, 128. + Questions with, settled, 27. + Relations with, 68. + + +K. + +Kansas.--Population (1900), 1,470,495. + +Kentucky.--Population (1900), 2,147,174. + +Kongo Free State.--Population (1901), about 30,000,000. + +Korea or Corea.--Population estimated from eight to + sixteen millions. + + +L. + +La Abra Silver Mining Company, claim of against Mexico, 129. + +Labor, principal of arbitration in, referred to, 46. + +Labor, Hours of: + Referred to, 46, 152. + +Laborers, Alien: + Discussed, 46, 152. + +Lands, Public: + Discussed, 87, 149. + Disposition of, discussed by President McKinley, 149. + Opened to settlement, proclaimed, 178, 196, 215, 237, 243, 261, 274, + 277, 286, 289, 290, 371, 382, 384. + Sale of, discussed by President McKinley, 149. + Set apart as public reservation by proclamation of President-- + McKinley, 169, 171, 175, 179, 185, 187, 189, 190, 194, 195, 204, + 206, 209, 213, 226, 227, 236, 237, 239, 247, 256. + Roosevelt, 360, 361, 364, 367, 369, 374, 375, 377, 383, 385, 390, + 392, 398, 397, 400, 401, 402, 403. + +Lawshe, Abraham L.--Report of and investigation into expenditure + of Cuban funds, 155. + +Liberia.--The total population in 1902 was 1,500,000, mostly natives. + +Library of Congress, referred to, 37. + +Life Insurance Companies, American.--Exclusion of, from transacting + business in Germany, 67, 125. + Referred to, 37. + +Loans, discussed, 9. + +Louisiana.--Population (1900) was 1,381,625. + Lynching in, referred to, 19. + Sufferers from floods relieved by appropriation, 17. + +Low, Seth, Peace Commissioner at The Hague, 80. + +Lynchings, discussed, 19, 39, 68, 101, 127, 155, 156, 158. + +Lynn Canal, referred to, 126. + + +M. + +McArthur, General, Military Governor of Philippine Islands, 18. + +McKinley, William (twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth President of the + U.S.): + Advancement and progress of the United States discussed by, 292. + Agriculture, department of, discussed by, 87. + Alaska, discussed by, 67, 126. + Legislation for, recommended by, 32, 97. + Alien Contract Law, amendment of, recommended by, 46, 152. + American Republics, Bureau of, discussed by, 47, 78, 133. + Annual message of, 22, 53, 113. + Arbitration, discussed by, 13, 30, 77, 129. + Army, discussed by, 82, 146. + Bering Sea Fisheries, discussed by, 29, 72. + Biographical sketch of, 5. + Buffalo, Pan-American Exposition at, discussed by, 79, 133. + Census, discussed by, 86, 151. + China, Boxer uprising in, discussed by, 114. + Civil Service discussed by, 12, 37, 102, 152. + Commerce, discussed by, 12, 56, 78, 133, 157. + Cuban insurrection and policy of the United States regarding, discussed + by, 19, 41. + Death of-- + Action of Congress on, 309. + Announcement of, to Vice-President and reply to, 298. + To Representatives abroad, 298. + To the Army, 299. + To the Navy, 301. + To the Treasury, 303. + Certificate of the coroner, 304. + House Committee named, 309. + News at the White House, 297. + Official order of observances, 304. + Official order of the Army, 300. + Order of procession, 306. + Orders to the Army, 303. + To the Guard of Honor, 307. + To the Navy, 308. + Proclamation of, by President Roosevelt, 358. + Dewey appointed acting Rear-Admiral by, 258. + Executive orders of, 258. + Extraordinary session of Congress, 167. + Senate, 234. + Extraordinary session of Congress by proclamation of, 167. + Finances discussed by, 7, 13, 15, 23, 54, 134, 162. + Foreign policy discussed by, 12, 19, 41. + Germany, relations with, discussed by, 66, 126. + Government for Philippine Islands discussed by, 88, 92, 138. + Harrison, Hon. Benjamin, death of, 235. + Hawaiian Cable concession, 183. + Hawaiian Islands, annexation of, discussed by, 26, 96. + Affairs in, discussed by, 96, 150. + Cable communication with, discussed by, 52, 126. + Hobart, Garret P., death of, referred to by, 53. + Immigration, discussed by, 11. + Italy, recommendations regarding lynching of subjects of, made by, 68, + 127, 156, 158. + Japan, Commercial relations with, discussed by, 70, 128. + Questions with, discussed by, 27. + Kansas Pacific Railway, claims against, dismissed by, 35. + Labor, hours of, discussed by, 46, 152. + Lands, Public-- + Set apart as public reservation, 169, 170, 174, 182, 185, 187, 189, + 190, 194, 195, 206, 209, 213, 226, 231, 236, 239, 241, 251, 256. + Opened for settlement, 178, 196, 215, 237, 243. + Lands, Public, set apart as public reservation by proclamation of, 169, + 170, 174, 182, 185, 187, 189, 190, 195, 204, 209, 213, 226, 231, 236, + 241, 251, 256. + Opened for settlement by proclamation of, 178, 190, 215, 237, 243. + Revenue derived from, discussed by, 149. + Last speech of, 292. + Loans, discussed by, 9. + Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 257. + Lynchings, discussed by, 19, 40, 68, 101, 127, 155, 158. + Manila, cable communication with, discussed by, 46, 70, 136. + Marshall Day, referred to, 153. + Mexico, treaty with, discussed by, 71. + Monetary Commission, discussed by, 21. + Modification of tariff laws, discussed by, 10. + Mosquito Indian strip, insurrection in and treatment of American + citizens, discussed by, 62, 130. + Navy discussed by, 31, 84, 137, 148. + Vessels for, construction of discussed and commendations regarding, + by, 31. + Nicaragua Canal, discussed by, 28, 63, 130. + Nicaragua, relations with, discussed by, 27. + Revolution in, discussed by, 129. + Ocean cables with Philippines, 46. + Ozama River bridge claims, referred to, 124. + Pacific Railway Claims, discussed by, 35, 86. + Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo, discussed by, 79, 133. + Paris, France, Universal Exposition at, discussed by, 18, 30, 38, 45, 65, + 108, 113, 124, 152, 154, 158. + Patent Office, discussed by, 85, 150. + At The Hague, discussed by, 80, 129. + Pennsylvania, riots at Lattimer, discussed by, 85, 149. + Peru, affairs in, discussed by, 129. + Philippine Islands, affairs in, discussed by, 138. + Government for, discussed by, 88, 92, 138. + Postal service, discussed by, 83, 148. + Proclamations of-- + Cessation of Tariff, Puerto Rico, 254. + Copyright-- + Netherlands, 212. + Costa Rica, 205. + Puerto Rico, legislation for, suggested by, 99, 144. + Relief for, discussed by, 100. + Expeditions against, discussed by, 99, 144. + Questions with Japan, discussed by, 27. + Reciprocal Commercial Agreement, France, 172. + Germany, 228. + Italy, 229. + Revocation of suspension of port dues, Tobago, 192. + Trinidad, 193. + Samoan Islands, affairs of, and policy of United States + concerning, discussed by, 72, 125, 132. + Sherman, Hon. John, death of, 233. + Southern Ute Indians, Colorado, 196. + Suspension of tonnage dues, Mexico, 168, 186. + Denmark, 177. + Thanksgiving, 167, 182, 208, 234. + The assassination of, 296. + Transfer of, to United States referred to by, 27. + Trusts, discussed by, 11, 57. + Veto messages of-- + Navajo, 108. + Water boundary commission discussed by, 71, 129. + +Macrum, Charles E., Consul at Durban concerning mail of, 104. + +Mahan, Alfred T., Peace Commissioner at The Hague, 80. + +Maine.--Population in 1900 was 694,466. + +Manila, Philippine Islands: + Cable communication with, recommended, 46, 70, 146. + Liquor at, sale of, 110. + +Marshall Day, referred to, 153. + +Maryland.--Population in 1900 was 1,188,044. + +Massachusetts.--Population in 1900 was 2,605,346. + +Mexico.--Population in 1901 was 12,100,000. + Claims of Benjamin Weil and La Abra Silver Mining Co. against, 129. + Convention with, 40. + Fugitive criminals convention with, for surrender of, 71. + Lynching of subjects at Yreka, indemnity recommended, 40. + Relations with, 71. + Treaty regarding Water boundary commission discussed, 71, 129. + Treaty with, discussed by President McKinley, 71. + +Michigan.--The population in 1900 was 2,420,982. + +Minnesota.--The population in 1900 was 1,751,394. + +Mississippi.--The population in 1900 was 1,551,270. + Appropriation recommended for sufferers by flood in, 17. + +Missouri.--Population in 1900 was 3,106,665. + +Monetary Commission, discussed, 21. + +Montana.--The population in 1900 was 243,329. + +Morgan City, The, mentioned, 71. + +Mosquito Indian Strip, insurrection in, discussed, 62, 130. + + +N. + +Naturalization Laws, discussed, 11. + +Naturalized Citizens impressed into military service of foreign + countries, 122. + +Navajo Indians, veto message concerning, 110. + +Navy, discussed by President McKinley, 84, 137, 148. + +Nebraska.--Population in 1900 was 1,066,300. + +Nevada.--Population in 1900 was 42,335. + +Newark, The, mentioned, 63. + +Newel, Stanford, Peace Commissioner at The Hague, 80. + +New Hampshire.--Population in 1900 was 411,588. + +New Jersey.--Population in 1900 was 1,663,669. + +New Mexico.--Population in 1900 was 195,310. + +New York.--Population in 1900 was 7,268,894. + +Nicaragua, boundary line with Costa Rica, arbitration of, + referred to President of United States and award of, discussed, 124. + Diplomatic relations with, 27. + Revolution in, discussed, 129. + Rupture with Costa Rica amicably settled, 123. + +Nicaragua Canal, discussed, 28, 63, 130. + +Nicaragua Canal Commission, discussed, 63. + +North Carolina.--Population in 1900 was 1,893,810. + +North Dakota.--Population in 1900 was 319,146. + +Norway.--Population in 1900 was about 2,000,000. + + +O. + +Ohio.--Population in 1900 was 4,157,545. + +Oklahoma.--Population in 1900 was 398,331. + +Otis, Elwell S., communications with Aguinaldo, 111. + Proclamation to Philippines issued by, 104. + +Ozama River, building bridge over, at Santo Domingo City + by American citizens, 124. + + +P. + +Pacific Railroads, indebtedness of, commission to settle, 86. + Kansas Pacific, sale of, discussed, 87. + Union Pacific, sale of, discussed, 56. + +Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo, 79, 133. + +Paris, France, Universal Exposition at, discussed, 18, 30, 38, + 44, 65, 110, 113, 124, 152, 154, 158. + +Patent Office discussed, 85, 150. + +Peace Congress at The Hague, 80, 129. + +Pennsylvania.--Population in 1900 was 6,302,115. + Conflict at Lattimer, claims of Austria-Hungary regarding subjects + killed in, 60. + +Pensions discussed, 85, 149. + +Philadelphia, commercial museum at, 80. + +Philippine Islands: + Affairs in, discussed by President-- + McKinley, 138. + Roosevelt, 335. + Aid to loyal natives in, 336. + Civil Service extended to, 348. + Commission made the superior authority in, 394. + General Chaffee relieved of civil duties in, 394. + Government for, discussed by President-- + McKinley, 88, 92, 138. + Roosevelt, 335. + Granting of franchise in, to be encouraged, 337. + Independence to, danger of, 336. + Pardon and amnesty to insurgents in, 351. + Thanks to army in, 395. + +Plague, The, regulations to prevent introduction of, + into United States, 129. + +Portugal, claims of United States against, 130. + +Postal Service discussed, 83, 148. + +Puerto Rico: + Expeditions against, 99, 144. + Legislation for, 99, 144. + Relief for, 100. + + +Q. + +Quarantine Regulations discussed, 35. + + +R. + +Rhode Island.--Population in 1900 was 428,556. + +Russia.--Claims of United States against, 72. + +Roosevelt, Theodore (twenty-seventh President of the United + States): + Agriculture discussed by, 329. + Anarchy discussed by, 317. + Annual message of, 315. + Army discussed by, 343. + Eulogy on, by, 395. + Improvement of, suggested by, 344. + Veterans praised by, 346. + West Point referred to by, 328. + Banks and Banking discussed by, 328. + Biographical sketch of, 313. + Cable communication with Hawaii and the Philippine Islands, 337. + Census discussed by, 350. + Charleston Exposition referred to, 349. + China-- + "Open door" discussed by, 353. + Uprising in, discussed by, 352. + Civil Service discussed by, 347. + Extension of the, to the Philippine Islands and Cuba, 348. + Officers and employees forbidden to seek outside influence + in promotion, 404. + Veterans to have the preference in appointment and promotions, 403. + Clayton-Bulwer Treaty referred to by, 338. + Commerce discussed by, 319. + Consular Corps-- + In relation to commerce, 347. + Members of, forbidden to act in a fiduciary capacity for others, 404. + Permitted to issue passports in the Insular possessions of + the United States, 407. + Creeks, treaty with, ratified by proclamation, 399. + Cuba-- + Fair treatment accorded to, by the United States, referred to, 357. + Reciprocal exemption of vessels from tonnage dues proclaimed, 392. + Reciprocal reduction in tariff recommended by, 334. + Reciprocity with, urged by, 356. + Death of President McKinley-- + Announcement of and reply to by, 298. + Proclaimed by, 358. + Referred to by, 315. + Department of Agriculture discussed by, 330. + Eulogy of the Army of the United States by, 395. + Executive orders of, 401. + Expenditure discussed by, 328. + Filipino Insurgents, pardon and amnesty declared by, 392. + Forest reserves discussed by, 329. + Germany-- + Death of Empress Dowager Frederick referred to, 354. + Sympathy with the United States on the death of McKinley, 354. + Glass, John, act for relief of, vetoed by, 354. + Government employees, permission given to participate in + public exercises, 406. + Great Britain, negotiations with, on Nicaraguan Canal referred to, 338. + Hawaii-- + Affairs of, discussed by, 334. + Cable Communication with, discussed by, 337. + Henry, Prince of Prussia, committee on reception and entertainment + of, appointed by, 504. + Immigration-- + Discussed by, 333. + Laws should be amended, 325. + Inaugural address by, as Vice-President, 314. + Indians-- + Affairs of, discussed by, 348. + Necessity of education of, 348. + Interstate Commerce Law discussed by, 324, 328. + Isthmian Canal discussed by, 337. + Irrigation discussed by, 331. + La Abra Claims referred to, 353. + Labor discussed by, 323. + Lands, arid, discussed by, 332. + Lands, public-- + Discussed by, 331. + In Puerto Rico, legislation for, recommended, 334. + Opened to settlement by, 371, 382, 384. + Set apart for public reservations by proclamation, 315, 360, 364, + 367, 369, 374, 375, 377, 383, 385, 390, 397, 402, 403, 405, + 406, 407, 408. + Library of Congress referred to, 350. + Louisiana Purchase Exposition, duration of, fixed by proclamation, 389. + McKinley, death of-- + Proclaimed, 358. + Referred to, 315. + Martinique, recommending appropriation for the relief of sufferers + in, 355. + Merchant Marine discussed by, 327. + Monroe doctrine referred to, 338. + Morton, J. Sterling, mark of respect to be paid on the death of, 405. + Naval Reserve, national, suggested by, 343. + Navy-- + Discussed by, 339. + Rating and pay of petty officers and men established in the, 401, + 403, 408. + Regulating discharge from, 407. + Retirement of men in, order regarding, 408. + Oath of office administered to, 298, 314. + Pardon and amnesty to Philippine insurgents proclaimed, 392. + Pan-American Exposition referred to, 349. + Pauncefote, Right Honorable Lord, mark of respect to be + paid on death of, 405. + Peace conference at The Hague, referred to, 338. + Postal Service discussed by, 351. + Philippine Islands-- + Affairs in, discussed by, 335. + Aid to loyal natives in, recommended, 336. + Civil service to be extended to, 348. + Commission made the superior authority in, 394. + Gen. Chaffee relieved of his civil duties in, 394. + Government in, discussed by, 335. + Granting of franchise in to be encouraged, 337. + Independence to, danger of granting, 336. + Pardon and amnesty to insurgents in, proclaimed, 351. + Proclamations of-- + Cuban reciprocity in exemption of vessels from tonnage dues, 302. + Day of mourning and prayer proclaimed, 358. + Death of President McKinley, 358. + Eulogy on the Army of the United States, 395. + Louisiana Purchase Exposition, time for holding, fixed, 389. + Pardon and amnesty to the insurgents in the Philippine Islands, 392. + Puerto Rico legislation for public lands, 334. + Ratifying treaty with the Creeks, 399. + Thanksgiving, 359. + Railways referred to, 329. + Reciprocity discussed by, 326. + Secretary of Commerce and Industries, appointment of, recommended, 323. + Sharretts, Thaddeus S., commissioned to effect changes in foreign + duties, 401. + Shipping discussed by, 327. + Smithsonian Institution referred to, 350. + Tariff system discussed by, 326. + Thanksgiving proclamation, 359. + Thanks of, to the Army in Cuba and the Philippines, 395. + Treaty with the Creeks ratified by, 399. + Trusts discussed by, 319. + Veto message for the relief of John Glass, 354. + Victoria, Queen of Great Britain, death of referred to, 354. + + +S. + +Samoan Islands, affairs of discussed, 72, 125, 132. + Government of discussed, 62. + Insurrection in discussed, 72, 124. + King of, death of, 72. + +Santo Domingo, claim of United States against, 124. + Revolution in, referred to, 124. + War in, discussed, 62. + +South Carolina.--Population in 1900 was 1,340,316. + +South Dakota.--Population in 1900 was 401,570. + +Specie Payments discussed, 24. + +Sulu, Sultan of, treaty with, 105. + +Sweden and Norway, king of, arbitrator in Samoan affairs, 132. + + +T. + +Taft Commission discussed, 156. + +Tellefsen, Captain B., claim of, against United States, 40. + +Tennessee.--Population in 1900 was 2,020,616. + +Tewkesberry, Samuel, claim of, vetoed, 159. + +Texas.--Population in 1900 was 3,048,710. + +Thanks of Congress: + Tender of, recommended to-- + Bertholf, Ellsworth P., 50. + Call, Dr. Samuel J., 50. + Jarvis, David H., 50. + Tuttle, Captain Francis, 50. + +Tice, Isaac P., administrators of, act for relief of, vetoed, 41. + +Trade-Marks, treaty regarding, with Belgium, 122. + +Trusts, evils of monopolies discussed, recommendations + regarding, 11, 57. + +Turkey.--American citizens, injuries inflicted upon in, 76. + Armenian subjects of, referred to, 132. + Commercial relations with, 76, 132. + Naturalization, treaty with, discussed, 76. + +Tuttle, Captain Francis, thanks of Congress to, recommended, 50. + + +U. + +United States.--The total population in 1900 was 76,303,387. + +Utah.--Population in 1900 was 276,749. + + +V. + +Venezuela.--Boundary dispute with Great Britain regarding British + Guiana, arbitration of, discussed, 77. + Claims of United States against, payment of, 41. + Revolution in, discussed, 77. + +Vice-Presidents of United States.--Five Vice-Presidents have + succeeded to the Presidency by reason of the death of the President; + viz: John Tyler, who succeeded William Henry Harrison in 1841; Millard + Fillmore, who succeeded Zachary Taylor in 1850; Andrew Johnson, who + succeeded Abraham Lincoln in 1865; Chester A. Arthur, who succeeded + James A. Garfield in 1881, and Theodore Roosevelt, who succeeded + William McKinley in 1901. + +Virginia.--Population in 1900 was 1,854,184. + + +W. + +Walker, John G.--Chairman of Nicaraguan Canal Commission, 63. + +Washington.--Population in 1900 was 518,103. + +Washington, George.--Centennial anniversary of death of, + December 14, 1899, referred to by President McKinley, 103. + +Washington City.--Centennial anniversary of founding of, + for capital, held in 1900, discussed, 101, 153. + Memorial Bridge across the Potomac, appropriation recommended for, 101. + +Whaling fleet relieved by "Bear" under Captain Francis Tuttle, 48. + +White, Andrew D., Peace commissioner at the Hague, 80. + +Wisconsin.--Population in 1900 was 2,069,042. + +Worcester, Dean C., member of Commission, Philippine Islands, 90. + +Wyoming.--Population in 1900 was 92,531. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Compilation of the Messages and Papers +of the Presidents, by Theodore Roosevelt + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THEODORE ROOSEVELT *** + +***** This file should be named 13891.txt or 13891.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/8/9/13891/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, David Garcia and the PG Online +Distributed Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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