diff options
Diffstat (limited to '13864-h/13864-h.htm')
| -rw-r--r-- | 13864-h/13864-h.htm | 2466 |
1 files changed, 2466 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/13864-h/13864-h.htm b/13864-h/13864-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e37884 --- /dev/null +++ b/13864-h/13864-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2466 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> + <title>The Bay State Monthly - December, 1884.</title> + <style title="Standard Format" type="text/css"> + /*<![CDATA[*/ + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + p.TOC {text-align: left; font-variant: small-caps;} + p.sc {font-variant: small-caps;} + html>body p.TOC {margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 1.0em;} + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.short {text-align: center; width: 20%;} + html>body hr.short {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;} + .footnote {font-size: 0.9em; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + /* To hide page numbers */ + .pagenum { display: none; } + /* To display right-aligned line numbers */ + .poem { + margin: 0em 10% 0em 10%; + text-align: left; + } + .poem .stanza { + margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em; + } + .poem .author { + text-align: right; + } + .poem .line:after { + display: block; + content: attr(title); + text-align: right; + } + /* To indent wrapped lines */ + .poem .line { + height: auto; + margin-left: 3em; + text-indent: -3em; + } + .figure, .figcenter, .figright, .figleft + {padding: 1em; margin: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em;} + .figure img, .figcenter img, .figright img, .figleft img + {border: none;} + .figure p, .figcenter p, .figright p, .figleft p + {margin: 0; text-align: center;} + .figcenter {margin: auto;} + .figright {float: right;} + .figleft {float: left;} +span.rightnote { +position: absolute; +left: 88%; +right: 1%; +font-size: 0.7em; +border-bottom: solid 1px; +text-align: left; +} +/* Use this if there are inline transliterations. */ +/* [lang][title]:after {content: " [Trans: " attr(title) "]";} */ + --> + /*]]>*/ + </style> + <style title="Original Page Numbers" type="text/css"> + /*<![CDATA[*/ + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + p.TOC {text-align: left; font-variant: small-caps;} + p.sc {font-variant: small-caps;} + html>body p.TOC {margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 1.0em;} + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.short {text-align: center; width: 20%;} + html>body hr.short {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;} + .footnote {font-size: 0.9em; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + /* To show page numbers */ + .pagenum {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; font-size: 8pt;} + /* To display right-aligned line numbers */ + .poem { + margin: 0em 10% 0em 10%; + text-align: left; + } + .poem .stanza { + margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em; + } + .poem .author { + text-align: right; + } + .poem .line:after { + display: block; + content: attr(title); + text-align: right; + } + /* To indent wrapped lines */ + .poem .line { + height: auto; + margin-left: 3em; + text-indent: -3em; + } + .figure, .figcenter, .figright, .figleft + {padding: 1em; margin: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em;} + .figure img, .figcenter img, .figright img, .figleft img + {border: none;} + .figure p, .figcenter p, .figright p, .figleft p + {margin: 0; text-align: center;} + .figcenter {margin: auto;} + .figright {float: right;} + .figleft {float: left;} +span.rightnote { +position: absolute; +left: 88%; +right: 1%; +font-size: 0.7em; +border-bottom: solid 1px; +text-align: left; +} +/* Use this if there are inline transliterations. */ +/* [lang][title]:after {content: " [Trans: " attr(title) "]";} */ + --> + /*]]>*/ + </style> + </head> + <body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13864 ***</div> + + <a name="page121" id="page121"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 121]</span> + <h1>THE BAY STATE MONTHLY.</h1> + <center> + <i>A Massachusetts Magazine</i>. + </center> + <center> + VOL. II. + </center> + <center> + DECEMBER, 1884. + </center> + <center> + No. 3. + </center> + <hr class="short" /> + <center> + Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1884, by John N. McClintock and + Company, in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. + </center> + <hr class="short" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image1_full.png"><img src="images/image1_thumbnail.png" + alt="Daniel Lothrop" /></a> + <p>Daniel Lothrop</p> + </div> + <hr /> + <h2>DANIEL LOTHROP.</h2> + <center> + By JOHN N. MCCLINTOCK, A.M. + </center> + <p>The fame, character and prosperity of a city have often depended upon its + merchants,—burghers they were once called to distinguish them from haughty + princes and nobles. Through the enterprise of the common citizens, Venice, Genoa, + Antwerp, and London have become famous, and have controlled the destinies of nations. + New England, originally settled by sturdy and liberty-loving yeomen and free citizens + of free English cities, was never a congenial home for the patrician, with inherited + feudal privileges, but has welcomed the thrifty Pilgrim, the Puritan, the Scotch + Covenanter, the French Huguenot, the Ironsides soldiers of the great Cromwell. The + men and women of this fusion have shaped our civilization. New England gave its + distinctive character to the American colonies, and finally to the nation. New + England influences still breathe from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from the great + lakes to Mexico; and Boston, still the focus of the New England idea, leads national + movement and progress.</p> + <p>Perhaps one of the broadest of these influences—broadest inasmuch as it + interpenetrates the life of our whole people—proceeds from the lifework of one + of the merchants of Boston, known by his name and his work to the entire English + speaking world: Daniel Lothrop, of the famous firm of D. Lothrop & Co., + publishers—the people's publishing house. Mr. Lothrop is a good representative + of this early New England fusion of race, temperament, fibre, conscience and brain. + He is a direct descendant of John Lowthroppe, who, in the thirty-seventh year of + Henry VIII. (1545), was a gentleman of quite extensive landed estates, both in Cherry + Burton (four miles removed from Lowthorpe), and in various other parts of the + country.</p> + <p>Lowthorpe is a small parish in the Wapentake of Dickering, in the East Riding of + York, four and a half miles northeast from Great Driffield. It is a perpetual curacy + in the archdeaconry of York. This parish gave name to the family of Lowthrop, + Lothrop, or Lathrop. The Church, which was dedicated to St. Martin, and had for one + of <a name="page122" id="page122"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 122]</span> its + chaplains, in the reign of Richard II., Robert de Louthorp, is now partly ruinated, + the tower and chancel being almost entirely overgrown with ivy. It was a collegiate + Church from 1333, and from the style of its architecture must have been built about + the time of Edward III.</p> + <p>From this English John Lowthroppe the New England Lothrops have their + origin:—</p> + <blockquote> + <p>"It is one of the most ancient of all the famous New England families, whose + blood in so many cases is better and purer than that of the so-called noble + families in England. The family roll certainly shows a great deal of talent, and + includes men who have proved widely influential and useful, both in the early and + later periods. The pulpit has a strong representation. Educators are prominent. + Soldiers prove that the family has never been wanting in courage. Lothrop + missionaries have gone forth into foreign lands. The bankers are in the forefront. + The publishers are represented. Art engraving has its exponent, and history has + found at least one eminent student, while law and medicine are likewise indebted to + this family, whose talent has been applied in every department of useful + industry."<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a> <a + href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a></p> + </blockquote> + <h3>GENEALOGY.<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a> <a + href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a></h3> + <p>I. Mark Lothrop, the pioneer, the grandson of John Lowthroppe and a relative of + Rev. John Lothrop, settled in Salem, Mass., where he was received as an inhabitant + January 11, 1643-4. He was living there in 1652. In 1656 he was living in + Bridgewater, Mass., of which town he was one of the proprietors, and in which he was + prominent for about twenty-five years. He died October 25, 1685.</p> + <p>II. Samuel Lothrop, born before 1660, married Sarah Downer, and lived in + Bridgewater. His will was dated April 11, 1724.</p> + <p>III. Mark Lothrop, born in Bridgewater September 9, 1689; married March 29, 1722, + Hannah Alden [Born February 1, 1696; died 1777]. She was the daughter of Deacon + Joseph Alden of Bridgewater, and great grand-daughter of Honorable John and Priscilla + (Mullins) Alden of Duxbury, of Mayflower fame. He settled in Easton, of which town he + was one of the original proprietors. He was prominent in Church and town affairs.</p> + <p>IV. Jonathan Lothrop, born March 11, 1722-3; married April 13, 1746, Susannah, + daughter of Solomon and Susannah (Edson) Johnson of Bridgewater. She was born in + 1723. He was a Deacon of the Church, and a prominent man in the town. He died in + 1771.</p> + <p>V. Solomon Lothrop, born February 9, 1761; married Mehitable, daughter of + Cornelius White of Taunlon; settled in Easton, and later in Norton, where he died + October 19, 1843. She died September 14, 1832, aged 73.</p> + <p>VI. Daniel Lothrop, born in Easton, January 9, 1801; married October 16, 1825, + Sophia, daughter of Deacon Jeremiah Horne of Rochester, N.H. She died September 23, + 1848, and he married (2) Mary E. Chamberlain. He settled in Rochester, N.H., and was + one of the public men of the town. Of the strictest integrity, and possessing + sterling qualities of mind and heart Mr. Lothrop was chosen to fill important offices + of public trust in his town and state. He repeatedly represented his town in the + Legislature, where his sound practical sense and clear wisdom were of much service, + particularly in the formation of the Free Soil party, in which he was a bold defender + of the rights of liberty to all men. He died May 31, 1870.</p> + <p>VII. Daniel Lothrop, son of Daniel and Sophia (Horne) Lothrop, was born in + Rochester, N.H., August 11, 1831.</p> + <blockquote> + <p>"On the maternal side Mr. Lothrop is descended from William Horne, of Horne's + Hill, in Dover, who held his exposed position in the Indian wars, and whose estate + has been in the family name from 1662 until the present generation; but he was + killed in the massacre of June 28, 1689. Through the Horne line, also, came descent + from Rev. Joseph Hull, minister at Durham in 1662, a graduate at the University at + Cambridge, England; from John Ham, of Dover; from the emigrant John Heard, and + others of like vigorous stock. It was his ancestress, Elizabeth (Hull) Heard, whom + the old historians call a "brave gentlewoman," who held her garrison house, the + frontier fort in Dover in the Indian wars, and successfully defended it in the + massacre of 1689. The father of the subject of this sketch was a man of sterling + qualities, strong in mind and will, but commanding love as well as respect. The + mother was a woman of outward beauty and beauty <a name="page123" + id="page123"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 123]</span> of soul alike; with high + ideals and reverent conscientiousness. Her influence over her boys was life-long. + The home was a centre of intelligent intercourse, a sample of the simplicity but + earnestness of many of the best New Hampshire homesteads."<a id="footnotetag3" + name="footnotetag3"></a> <a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a></p> + </blockquote> + <p>Descended, as is here evident, from men and women accustomed to govern, legislate, + protect, guide and represent the people, it is not surprising to find the Lothrops of + the present day of this branch standing in high places, shaping affairs, and devising + fresh and far-reaching measures for the general good.</p> + <p>Daniel Lothrop was the youngest of the three sons of Daniel and Sophia Home + Lothrop. The family residence was on Haven's Hill, in Rochester, and it was an ideal + home in its laws, influences and pleasures. Under the guidance of the wise and gentle + mother young Daniel developed in a sound body a mind intent on lofty aims, even in + childhood, and a character early distinguished for sturdy uprightness. Here, too, on + the farm was instilled into him the faith of his fathers, brought through many + generations, and he openly acknowledged his allegiance to an Evangelical Church at + the age of eleven.</p> + <p>As a boy Daniel is remembered as possessing a retentive and singularly accurate + memory; as very studious, seeking eagerly for knowledge, and rapidly absorbing it. + His intuitive mastery of the relations of numbers, his grasp of the values and + mysteries of the higher mathematics, was early remarkable. It might be reasonably + expected of the child of seven who was brought down from the primary benches and + lifted up to the blackboard to demonstrate a difficult problem in cube root to the + big boys and girls of the upper class that he should make rapid and masterful + business combinations in later life.</p> + <p>At the age of fourteen he was sufficiently advanced in his studies to enter + college, but judicious friends restrained him in order that his physique might be + brought up to his intellectual growth, and presently circumstances diverted the boy + from his immediate educational aspirations and thrust him into the arena of + business:—the world may have lost a lawyer, a clergyman, a physician, or an + engineer, but by this change in his youthful plans it certainly has gained a great + publisher—a man whose influence in literature is extended, and who, by his + powerful individuality, his executive force, and his originating brain has + accomplished a literary revolution.</p> + <p>To understand the business career of Daniel Lothrop it will be necessary to trace + the origin and progress of the firm of D. Lothrop and Company. On reaching his + decision to remain out of college for a year he assumed charge of the drug store, + then recently opened by his eldest brother, James E. Lothrop, who, desiring to attend + medical lectures in Philadelphia, confidently invited his brother Daniel to carry on + the business during his absence.</p> + <blockquote> + <p>"He urged the young boy to take charge of the store, promising as an extra + inducement an equal division as to profits, and that the firm should read 'D. + Lothrop & Co.' This last was too much for our ambitious lad. When five years of + age he had scratched on a piece of tin these magic words, opening to fame and + honor, 'D. Lothrop & Co.,' nailing the embryo sign against the door of his play + house. How then could he resist, now, at fourteen? And why not spend the vacation + in this manner? And so the sign was made and put up, and thus began the house of + 'D. Lothrop & Co.,' the name of which is spoken as a household word wherever + the English language is used, and whose publications are loved in more than one of + the royal families of Europe."<a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4"></a> <a + href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a></p> + </blockquote> + <p>The drug store became very lucrative. The classical drill which had <a + name="page124" id="page124"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 124]</span> been received + by the young druggist was of great advantage to him, his thorough knowledge of Latin + was of immediate service, and his skill and care and knowledge was widely recognized + and respected. The store became his college, where his affection for books soon led + him to introduce them as an adjunct to his business.</p> + <p>Thus was he when a mere boy launched on a successful business career. His energy, + since proved inexhaustible, soon began to open outward. When about seventeen his + attention was attracted to the village of Newmarket as a desirable location for a + drug store, and he seized an opportunity to hire a store and stock it. His executive + and financial ability were strikingly honored in this venture. Having it in + successful operation, he called the second brother, John C. Lothrop, who about this + time was admitted to the firm, and left him in charge of the new establishment, while + he started a similar store at Meredith Bridge, now called Laconia. The firm now + consisted of the three brothers.</p> + <blockquote> + <p>"These three brothers have presented a most remarkable spirit of family union. + Remarkable in that there was none of the drifting away from each other into + perilous friendships and moneyed ventures. They held firmly to each other with a + trust beyond words. The simple word of each was as good as a bond. And as early as + possible they entered into an agreement that all three should combine fortunes, + and, though keeping distinct kinds of business, should share equal profits under + the firm name of 'D. Lothrop & Co.' For thirty-six years, through all the + stress and strain of business life in this rushing age, their loyalty has been + preserved strong and pure. Without a question or a doubt, there has been an + absolute unity of interests, although James E., President of the Cocheco Bank, and + Mayor of the city of Dover, is in one city, John C. in another, and Daniel in still + another, and each having the particular direction of the business which his + enterprise and sagacity has made extensive and profitable."<a id="footnotetag5" + name="footnotetag5"></a> <a href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a></p> + </blockquote> + <p>In 1850 occurred a point of fresh and important departure. The stock of books held + by Elijah Wadleigh, who had conducted a large and flourishing book store in Dover, + N.H., was purchased. Mr. Lothrop enlarged the business, built up a good jobbing + trade, and also quietly experimented in publishing. The bookstore under his + management also became something more than a commercial success: it grew to be the + centre for the bright and educated people of the town, a favorite meeting place of + men and women alive to the questions of the day.</p> + <p>Now, arrived at the vigor of young manhood, Mr. Lothrop's aims and high reaches + began their more open unfoldment. He rapidly extended the business into new and wide + fields. He established branch stores at Berwick, Portsmouth, Amesbury, and other + places. In each of these establishments books were prominently handled. While thus + immediately busy, Mr. Lothrop began his "studies" for his ultimate work. He did not + enter the publishing field without long surveys of investigation, comparison and + reflection. In need of that kind of vacation we call "change of work and scene," Mr. + Lothrop planned a western trip. The bookstores in the various large cities on the + route were sedulously visited, and the tastes and the demands of the book trade were + carefully studied from many standpoints.</p> + <p>The vast possibilities of the Great West caught his attention and he hastened to + grasp his opportunities. At St. Peter, in Minnesota, he was welcomed and resolved to + locate. They needed such men as Mr. Lothrop to help build the new town into a city. + The opening of the St. Peter store was characteristic of its young proprietor.</p> + <p>The extreme cold of October and November, <a name="page125" id="page125"></a><span + class="pagenum">[pg 125]</span> 1856, prevented, by the early freezing of the Upper + Mississippi, the arrival of his goods. Having contracted with the St. Peter company + to erect a building, and open his store on the first day of December, Mr. Lothrop, + thinking that the goods might have come as far as some landing place below St. Paul, + went down several hundred miles along the shore visiting the different landing + places. Failing to find them he bought the entire closing-out stock of a drug store + at St. Paul, and other goods necessary to a complete fitting of his store, had them + loaded, and with several large teams started for St. Peter. The same day a blinding + snow storm set in, making it extremely difficult to find the right road, or indeed + any road at all, so that five days were spent in making a journey that in good + weather could have been accomplished in two. When within a mile of St. Peter the + Minnesota river was to be crossed, and it was feared the ice would not bear the heavy + teams; all was unloaded and moved on small sledges across the river, and the drug + store <i>was opened on the day agreed upon</i>. The papers of that section made + special mention of this achievement, saying that it deserved honorable record, and + that with such business enterprise the prosperity of Minnesota Valley was + assured.</p> + <p>He afterwards opened a banking house in St. Peter, of which his uncle, Dr. + Jeremiah Horne, was cashier; and in the book and drug store he placed one of his + clerks from the East, Mr. B.F. Paul, who is now one of the wealthiest men of the + Minnesota Valley. He also established two other stores in the same section of + country.</p> + <p>Various elements of good generalship came into play during Mr. Lothrop's occupancy + of this new field, not only in directing his extensive business combinations in + prosperous times, but in guiding all his interests through the financial panic of + 1857 and 1858. By the failure of other houses and the change of capital from St. + Peter to St. Paul, Mr. Lothrop was a heavy loser, but by incessant labor and + foresight he squarely met each complication, promptly paid each liability in full. + But now he broke in health. The strain upon him had been intense, and when all was + well the tension relaxed, and making his accustomed visit East to attend to his + business interests in New England, without allowing himself the required rest, the + change of climate, together with heavy colds taken on the journey, resulted in + congestion of the lungs, and prostration. Dr. Bowditch, after examination, said that + the young merchant had been doing the work of twenty years in ten. Under his + treatment Mr. Lothrop so far recovered that he was able to take a trip to Florida, + where the needed rest restored his health.</p> + <p>For the next five years our future publisher directed the lucrative business + enterprises which he had inaugurated, from the quiet book store in Dover, N. H., + while he carefully matured his plans for his life's campaign—the publication, + in many lines, of wholesome books for the people. Soon after the close of the Civil + war the time arrived for the accomplishment of his designs, and he began by closing + up advantageously his various enterprises in order to concentrate his forces. His was + no ordinary equipment. Together with well-laid plans and inspirations, for some of + which the time is not yet due, and a rich birthright of sagacity, insight and + leadership, he possessed also a practical experience of American book markets and the + tastes of the people, trained financial ability, practiced judgment, literary <a + name="page126" id="page126"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 126]</span> taste, and + literary conscience; and last, but not least, he had traversed and mapped out the + special field he proposed to occupy,—a field from which he has never been + diverted.</p> + <blockquote> + <p>"The foundations were solid. On these points Mr. Lothrop has had but one mind + from the first: 'Never to publish a work purely sensational, no matter what chances + of money it has in it;' 'to publish books that will make true, steadfast growth in + right living.' Not alone right thinking, but right living. These were his two + determinations, rigidly adhered to, notwithstanding constant advice, appeals, and + temptations. His thoughts had naturally turned to the young people, knowing from + his own self-made fortunes, how young men and women need help, encouragement and + stimulus. He had determined to throw all his time, strength and money into making + good books for the young people, who, with keen imaginations and active minds, were + searching in all directions for mental food. 'The best way to fight the evil in the + world,' reasoned Mr. Lothrop, 'is to crowd it out with the good.' And therefore he + bent the energies of his mind to maturing plans toward this object,—the + putting good, helpful literature into their hands.</p> + <p>His first care was to determine the channels through which he could address the + largest audiences. The Sunday School library was one. In it he hoped to turn a + strong current of pure, healthful literature for those young people who, dieting on + the existing library books, were rendered miserable on closing their covers, either + to find them dry or obsolete, or so sentimentally religious as to have nothing in + their own practical lives corresponding to the situations of the pictured heroes + and heroines.</p> + <p>The family library was another channel. To make evident to the heads of + households the paramount importance of creating a home library, Mr. Lothrop set + himself to work with a will. In the spring of 1868 he invited to meet him a council + of three gentlemen, eminent in scholarship, sound of judgment, and of large + experience: the Reverend George T. Day, D. D., of Dover, N.H., Professor Heman + Lincoln, D.D., of Newton Seminary, the Rev. J.E. Rankin, D.D., of Washington, D.C. + Before them he laid his plans, matured and ready for their acceptance: to publish + good, strong, attractive literature for the Sunday School, the home, the town, and + school library, and that nothing should be published save of that character, asking + their co-operation as readers of the several manuscripts to be presented for + acceptance. The gentlemen, one and all, gave him their heartiest God-speed, but + they frankly confessed it a most difficult undertaking, and that the step must be + taken with the strong chance of failure. Mr. Lothrop had counted that chance and + reaffirmed his purpose to become a publisher of just such literature, and imparted + to them so much of his own courage that before they left the room, all stood + engaged as salaried readers of the manuscripts to come in to the new publishing + house of D. Lothrop & Co., and during all these years no manuscripts have been + accepted without the sanction of one or more of these readers.</p> + <p>The store, Nos. 38 and 40 Cornhill, Boston, was taken, and a complete refitting + and stocking made it one of the finest bookstores of the city. The first book + published was 'Andy Luttrell.' How many recall that first book! 'Andy Luttrell' was + a great success, the press saying that 'the series of which this is the initiatory + volume, marks a new era in Sunday School literature.' Large editions were called + for, and it is popular still. In beginning any new business there are many + difficulties to face, old established houses to compete with, and new ones to + contest every inch of success. But tides turn, and patience and pluck won the day, + until from being steady, sure and reliable, Mr. Lothrop's publishing business was + increasing with such rapidity as to soon make it one of the solid houses of Boston. + Mr. Lothrop had a remarkable instinct as regarded the discovering of new talent, + and many now famous writers owe their popularity with the public to his kindness + and courage in standing by them. He had great enthusiasm and success in introducing + this new element, encouraging young writers, and creating a fresh atmosphere very + stimulating and enjoyable to their audience. To all who applied for work or brought + manuscript for examination, he had a hopeful word, and in rapid, clear expression + smoothed the difficulty out of their path if possible, or pointed to future success + as the result of patient toil. He always brought out the best that was in a person, + having the rare quality of the union of perfect honesty with kind consideration. + This new blood in the old veins of literary life, soon wrought a marvelous change + in this class of literature. Mr. Lothrop had been wise enough to see that such + would be the case, and he kept <a name="page127" id="page127"></a><span + class="pagenum">[pg 127]</span> constantly on the lookout for all means that might + foster ambition and bring to the surface latent talent. For this purpose he offered + prizes of $1,000 and $500 for the best manuscripts on certain subjects. Such a + thing had scarcely been heard of before and manuscripts flowed in, showing this to + have been a happy thought. It is interesting to look back and find many of those + young authors to be identical with names that are now famous in art and literature, + then presenting with much fear and trembling, their first efforts.</p> + <p>Mr. Lothrop considered no time, money, or strength ill-spent by which he could + secure the wisest choice of manuscripts. As an evidence of his success, we name a + few out of his large list: 'Miss Yonge's Histories;' 'Spare Minute Series,' most + carefully edited from Gladstone, George MacDonald, Dean Stanley, Thomas Hughes, + Charles Kingsley; 'Stories of American History;'' Lothrop's Library of Entertaining + History,' edited by Arthur Gilman, containing Professor Harrison's 'Spain,' Mrs. + Clement's 'Egypt,' 'Switzerland,' 'India,' etc.; 'Library of famous Americans, 1st + and 2d series; George MacDonald's novels—Mr. Lothrop, while on a visit to + Europe, having secured the latest novels by this author in manuscript, thus + bringing them out in advance of any other publisher in this country or abroad, now + issues his entire works in uniform style: 'Miss Yonge's Historical Stories;' + 'Illustrated Wonders;' The Pansy Books,' of world-wide circulation;' 'Natural + History Stories;' 'Poet's Homes Series;' S.G.W. Benjamin's 'American Artists;' 'The + Reading Union Library,' 'Business Boy's Library,' library edition of 'The Odyssey,' + done in prose by Butcher and Lang; 'Jowett's Thucydides;' 'Rosetti's Shakspeare,' + on which nothing has been spared to make it the most complete for students and + family use, and many others.</p> + <p>Mr. Lothrop is constantly broadening his field in many directions, gathering the + rich thought of many men of letters, science and theology among his publications. + Such writers as Professor James H. Harrison, Arthur Gilman, and Rev. E.E. Hale are + allies of the house, constantly working with it to the development of pure + literature; the list of the authors and contributors being so long as to include + representatives of all the finest thinkers of the day. Elegant art gift books of + poem, classic and romance, have been added with wise discrimination, until the list + embraces sixteen hundred books, out of which last year were printed and sold + 1,500,000 volumes.</p> + <p>The great fire of 1872 brought loss to Mr. Lothrop among the many who suffered. + Much of the hard-won earnings of years of toil was swept away in that terrible + night. About two weeks later, a large quantity of paper which had been destroyed + during the great fire had been replaced, and the printing of the same was in + process at the printing house of Rand, Avery & Co., when a fire broke out + there, destroying this second lot of paper, intended for the first edition of + sixteen volumes of the celebrated $1,000 prize books. A third lot of paper was + purchased for these books and sent to the Riverside Press without delay. The books + were at last printed, as many thousand readers can testify, an enterprise that + called out from the Boston papers much commendation, adding, in one instance: 'Mr. + Lothrop seems <i>warmed</i> up to his work.'</p> + <p>When the time was ripe, another form of Mr. Lothrop's plans for the creation of + a great popular literature was inaugurated. We refer to the projection of his now + famous 'Wide Awake,' a magazine into which he has thrown a large amount of money. + Thrown it, expecting to wait for results. And they have begun to come. 'Wide Awake' + now stands abreast with the finest periodicals in our country, or abroad. In + speaking of 'Wide Awake' the Boston Herald says: 'No such marvel of excellence + could be reached unless there were something beyond the strict calculations of + money-making to push those engaged upon it to such magnificent results.' Nothing + that money can do is spared for its improvement. Withal, it is the most carefully + edited of all magazines; Mr. Lothrop's strict determination to that effect, having + placed wise hands at the helm to co-operate with him. Our best people have found + this out. The finest writers in this country and in Europe are giving of their best + thought to filling its pages, the most celebrated artists are glad to work for it. + Scientific men, professors, clergymen, and all heads of households give in their + testimony of its merits as a family magazine, while the young folks are delighted + with it. The fortune of 'Wide Awake' is sure. Next Mr. Lothrop proceeded to supply + the babies with their own especial magazine. Hence came bright, winsome, sparkling + 'Babyland.' The mothers caught at the idea. 'Babyland' jumped into success in an + incredibly short space of time. The editors of 'Wide Awake,' Mr. and Mrs. Pratt, + edit this also, which ensures it as safe, wholesome and sweet to put into baby's + hands. The intervening spaces between 'Babyland' and 'Wide <a name="page128" + id="page128"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 128]</span> Awake' Mr. Lothrop soon + filled with 'Our Little Men and Women,' and 'The Pansy.' Urgent solicitations from + parents and teachers who need a magazine for those little folks, either at home or + at school, who were beginning to read and spell, brought out the first, and Mrs. + G.R. Alden (Pansy) taking charge of a weekly pictorial paper of that name, was the + reason for the beginning and growth of the second. The 'Boston Book Bulletin,' a + quarterly, is a medium for acquaintance with the best literature, its prices, and + all news current pertaining to it.</p> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image2_full.png"><img src="images/image2_thumbnail.png" + alt="Exterior View Of D. Lothrop & Co.'s Publishing House." /></a> + <p>Exterior View Of D. Lothrop & Co.'s Publishing House.</p> + </div> + <a name="page129" id="page129"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 129]</span> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image3_full.png"><img src="images/image3_thumbnail.png" + alt="Interior View Of D. Lothrop & Co.'s Publishing House." /></a> + <p>Interior View Of D. Lothrop & Co.'s Publishing House.</p> + </div> + <a name="page130" id="page130"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 130]</span> + <p>'The Chatauqua Young Folk's Journal' is the latest addition to the sparkling + list. This periodical was a natural growth of the modern liking for clubs, circles, + societies, reading unions, home studies, and reading courses. It is the official + voice of the Chatauqua Young Folks Reading Union, and furnishes each year a + valuable and vivacious course of readings on topics of interest to youth. It is + used largely in schools. Its contributors are among our leading clergymen, lawyers, + university professors, critics, historians and scientists, but all its literature + is of a popular character, suited to the family circle rather than the study. Mr. + Lothrop now has the remarkable success of seeing six flourishing periodicals going + forth from his house.</p> + <p>In 1875, Mr. Lothrop, finding his Cornhill quarters inaquate [sic], leased the + elegant building corner Franklin and Hawley streets, belonging to Harvard College, + for a term of years. The building is 120 feet long by 40 broad, making the + salesroom, which is on the first floor, one of the most elegant in the country. On + the second floor are Mr. Lothrop's offices, also the editorial offices of 'Wide + Awake,' etc. On the third floor are the composing rooms and mailing rooms of the + different periodicals, while the bindery fills the fourth floor.</p> + <p>This building also was found small; it could accommodate only one-fourth of the + work done, and accordingly a warehouse on Purchase street was leased for storing + and manufacturing purposes.</p> + <p>In 1879 Mr. Lothrop called to his assistance a younger brother, Mr. M.H. + Lothrop, who had already made a brilliant business record in Dover, N.H., to whom + he gives an interest in the business. All who care for the circulation of the best + literature will be glad to know that everything indicates the work to be steadily + increasing toward complete development of Mr. Lothrop's life-long purpose."<a + id="footnotetag6" name="footnotetag6"></a> <a + href="#footnote6"><sup>6</sup></a></p> + </blockquote> + <p>This man of large purposes and large measures has, of course, his sturdy friends, + his foes as sturdy. He has, without doubt, an iron will. He is, without doubt, a good + fighter—a wise counselor. Approached by fraud he presents a front of granite; + he cuts through intrigue with sudden, forceful blows. It is true that the sharp + bargainer, the overreaching buyer he worsts and puts to confusion and loss without + mercy. But, no less, candor and honor meet with frankness and generous dealing. He is + as loyal to a friend as to a purpose. His interest in one befriended and taken into + trust is for life. It has been more than once said of this immovable business man + that he has the simple heart of a boy.</p> + <p>Mr. Lothrop's summer home is in Concord, Mass. His house, known to literary + pilgrims of both continents as "The Wayside," is a unique, many gabled old mansion, + situated near the road at the base of a pine-covered hill, facing broad, level + fields, and commanding a view of charming rural scenery. Its dozen green acres are + laid out in rustic paths; but with the exception of the removal of unsightly + underbrush, the landscape is left in a wild and picturesque state. Immediately in the + rear of the house, however, A. Bronson Alcott, a former occupant, planned a series of + terraces, and thereon is a system of trees. The house was commenced in the + seventeenth century and has been added to at different periods, and withal is quaint + enough to satisfy the most exacting antiquarian. At the back rise the more modern + portions, and the tower, wherein was woven the most delightful of American romances, + and about which cluster tender memories of the immortal Hawthorne. The boughs of the + whispering pines almost touch the lofty windows.</p> + <p>The interior of the dwelling is seemly. <a name="page131" id="page131"></a><span + class="pagenum">[pg 131]</span> It corresponds with the various eras of its + construction. The ancient low-posted rooms with their large open fire-places, in + which the genial hickory crackles and glows as in the olden time, have furnishings + and appointments in harmony. The more modern apartments are charming, the whole + combination making a most delightful country house.</p> + <p>Mr. Lothrop's enjoyment of art and his critical appreciation is illustrated here + as throughout his publications, his house being adorned with many exquisite and + valuable original paintings from the studios of modern artists; and there is, too, a + certain literary fitness that his home should be in this most classic spot, and that + the mistress of this home should be a lady of distinguished rank in literature, and + that the fair baby daughter of the house should wear for her own the name her mother + has made beloved in thousands of American and English households.</p> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image4_full.png"><img src="images/image4_thumbnail.png" + alt=""The Wayside."" /></a> + <p>"The Wayside."</p> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page132" id="page132"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 132]</span> + <h2>New England Conservatory of Music.</h2> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image5_full.png"><img src="images/image5_thumbnail.png" + alt="New England CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC Franklin Square Boston" /></a> + <p>New England CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC Franklin Square Boston</p> + </div> + <center> + By MRS. M.J. DAVIS. + </center> + <p>One of the most important questions now occupying the minds of the world's deepest + and best thinkers, is the intellectual, physical, moral, and political position of + woman.</p> + <p>Men are beginning to realize a fact that has been evident enough for ages: that + the current of civilization can never rise higher than the springs of motherhood. + Given the ignorant, debased mothers of the Turkish harem, and the inevitable result + is a nation destitute of truth, honor or political position. All the power of the + Roman legions, all the wealth of the imperial empire, could not save the throne of + the Cæsars when the Roman matron was shorn of her honor, and womanhood became + only the slave or the toy of its citizens. Men have been slow to grasp the fact that + women are a "true constituent of the bone and sinew of society," and as such should + be trained to bear the part of "bone and sinew." It has been finely said, "that as + times have altered and conditions varied, the respect has varied <a name="page133" + id="page133"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 133]</span> in which woman has been held. + At one time condemned to the field and counted with the cattle, at another time + condemned to the drawing-room and inventoried with marbles, oils and water-colors; + but only in instances comparatively rare, acknowledged and recognized in the fullness + of her moral and intellectual possibilities, and in the beauteous completeness of her + personal dignity, prowess and obligation."</p> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image6_full.png"><img src="images/image6_thumbnail.png" + alt="The Library Reading Room" /></a> + <p>The Library Reading Room</p> + </div> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image7_full.png"><img src="images/image7_thumbnail.png" + alt="Art Department Painting" /></a> + <p>Art Department Painting</p> + </div> + <p>Various and widely divergent as opinions are in regard to woman's place in the + political sphere, there is fast coming to be unanimity of thought in regard to her + intellectual development. Even in Turkey, fathers are beginning to see that their + daughters are better, not worse, for being able to read and, write, and civilization + is about ready to concede that the intellectual, physical and moral possibilities of + woman are to <a name="page134" id="page134"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 134]</span> + be the only limits to her attainment. Vast strides in the direction of the higher and + broader education of women have been made in the quarter of a century since John + Vassar founded on the banks of the Hudson the noble college for women that bears his + name; and others have been found who have lent willing hands to making broad the + highway that leads to an ideal womanhood. Wellesley and Smith, as well as Vassar find + their limits all too small for the throngs of eager girlhood that are pressing toward + them. The Boston University, honored in being first to open professional courses to + women, Michigan University, the New England Conservatory, the North Western + University of Illinois, the Wesleyan Universities, both of Connecticut and Ohio, with + others of the colleges of the country, have opened their doors and welcomed women to + an equal share with men, in their advantages. And in the shadow of Oxford, on the + Thames, and of Harvard, on the Charles, womanly <a name="page135" + id="page135"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 135]</span> minds are growing, womanly + lives are shaping, and womanly patience is waiting until every barrier shall be + removed, and all the green fields of learning shall be so free that whosoever will + may enter.</p> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image8_full.png"><img src="images/image8_thumbnail.png" + alt="Art Department Modeling" /></a> + <p>Art Department Modeling</p> + </div> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image9_full.png"><img src="images/image9_thumbnail.png" + alt="Tuning Department" /></a> + <p>Tuning Department</p> + </div> + <p>Among the foremost of the great educational institutions of the day, the New + England Conservatory of Music takes rank, and its remarkable development and + wonderful growth tends to prove that the youth of the land desire the highest + advantages that can be offered them. More than thirty years ago the germ of the idea + that is now embodied in this great institution, found lodgment in the brain of the + man who has devoted his life to its development. Believing that music had a positive + influence <a name="page136" id="page136"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 136]</span> + upon the elevation of the world hardly dreamed of as yet even by its most devoted + students, Eben Tourjee returned to America from years of musical study in the great + Conservatories of Europe. Knowing from personal observation the difficulties that lie + in the way of American students, especially of young and inexperienced girls who seek + to obtain a musical education abroad, battling as they must, not only with foreign + customs and a foreign language, but exposed to dangers, temptations and + disappointments, he determined to found in America a music school that should be + unsurpassed in the world. Accepting <a name="page137" id="page137"></a><span + class="pagenum">[pg 137]</span> the judgment of the great masters, Mendelsshon, + David, and Joachim, that the conservatory system was the best possible system of + musical instruction, doing for music what a college of liberal arts does for + education in general, Dr. Tourjee in 1853, with what seems to have been large and + earnest faith, and most entire devotion, took the first public steps towards the + accomplishment of his purpose. During the long years his plan developed step by step. + In 1870 the institution was chartered under its present name in Boston. In 1881 its + founder deeded to it his entire personal property, and by a deed of trust gave the + institution into the hands of a Board of Trustees to be perpetuated forever as a + Christian Music School.</p> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image10_full.png"><img src="images/image10_thumbnail.png" + alt="The Dining Hall." /></a> + <p>The Dining Hall.</p> + </div> + <p>In the carrying out of his plan to establish and equip an institution that should + give the highest musical culture, Dr. Tourjee has been compelled, in order that + musicians educated here <a name="page138" id="page138"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg + 138]</span> should not be narrow, one-sided specialists only, but that they should be + cultured men and women, to add department after department, until to-day under the + same roof and management there are well equipped schools of Music, Art, Elocution, + Literature, Languages, Tuning, Physical Culture, and a home with the safeguards of a + Christian family life for young women students.</p> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image11_full.png"><img src="images/image11_thumbnail.png" + alt="<i>The Cabinet</i>" /></a> + <p><i>The Cabinet</i></p> + </div> + <p>When, in 1882, the institution moved from Music Hall to its present quarters in + Franklin Square, in what was the St. James Hotel, it became possessed of the largest + and best equipped conservatory buildings in the world. It has upon its staff of + seventy-five teachers, masters from the best schools of Europe. During the school + year ending June 29, 1884, students coming from forty-one states and territories of + the Union, from the British Provinces, from England and from the Sandwich Islands, + have received instruction there. The growth <a name="page139" id="page139"></a><span + class="pagenum">[pg 139]</span> of this institution, due in such large measure to the + courage and faith of one man, has been remarkable, and it stands to-day + self-supporting, without one dollar of endowment, carrying on alone its noble work, + an institution of which Boston, Massachusetts and America may well be proud. From the + first its invitation has been without limitation. It began with a firm belief that + "what it is in the nature of a man or woman to become, is a Providential indication + of what God wants it to become, by improvement and development," and it offered to + men and women alike the same advantages, the same labor, and the same honor. It is + working out for itself the problem of co-education, and it has never had occasion to + take one backward step in the part it has chosen. Money by the millions has been + poured out upon the schools and colleges of the land, and not one dollar too much has + been given, for the money that educates is the money that saves the nation.</p> + <p>Among those who have been made stewards of great wealth some liberal benefactor + should come forward in behalf of this great school, that, by eighteen years of + faithful living, has proved its right to live. Its founder says of it: "The + institution has not yet compassed my thought of it." Certainly it has not reached its + possibilities of doing good. It needs a hall in which its concerts and lectures can + be given, and in which the great organ of Music Hall, may be placed. It needs that + its chapel, library, studios, gymnasium and recitation rooms should be greatly + enlarged to meet the actual demands now made upon them. It needs what other + institutions have needed and received, a liberal endowment, to enable it, with them, + to meet and solve the great question of the day, the education of the people.</p> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image12_full.png"><img src="images/image12_thumbnail.png" + alt="New England Conservatory of Music Boston" /></a> + <p>New England Conservatory of Music Boston</p> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page140" id="page140"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 140]</span> + <h2>SKETCH OF SAUGUS.</h2> + <center> + By E.P. ROBINSON. + </center> + <p>Saugus lies about eight miles northeast of Boston. It was incorporated as an + independent town February 17, 1815, and was formerly a part of Lynn, which once bore + the name of Saugus, being an Indian name, and signifies great or extended. It has a + taxable area of 5,880 acres, and its present population may be estimated at about + 2,800, living in 535 houses. The former boundary between Lynn and Suffolk County ran + through the centre of the "Boardman House," in what is now Saugus, and standing near + the line between Melrose and Saugus, and is one of the oldest houses in the town. It + has forty miles of accepted streets and roads, which are proverbial as being kept in + the very best condition. Its public buildings are a Town Hall, a wooden structure, of + Gothic architecture, with granite steps and underpining, and has a seating capacity + of seven hundred and eighty persons. It is considered to be the handsomest wooden + building in Essex County, and cost $48,000. The High School is accommodated within + its walls, and beside offices for the various boards of town officers; on the lower + floor it has a room for a library. The upper flight has an auditorium with ante-rooms + at the front and rear, a balcony at the front, seats one hundred and eighty persons, + and a platform on the stage at the rear. It was built in 1874-5. The building + committee were E.P. Robinson, Gilbert Waldron, J.W. Thomas, H.B. Newhall, Wilbur F. + Newhall, Augustus B. Davis, George N. Miller, George H. Hull, Louis P. Hawkes, + William F. Hitchings, E.E. Wilson, Warren P. Copp, David Knox, A. Brad. Edmunds and + Henry Sprague. E.P. Robinson was chosen chairman and David Knox secretary. The + architects were Lord & Fuller of Boston, and the work of building was put under + contract to J.H. Kibby & Son of Chelsea.</p> + <p>The town also owns seven commodious schoolhouses, in which are maintained thirteen + schools—one High, three Grammar, three Intermediate, three Primaries, one + sub-Primary and two mixed schools, the town appropriating the sum of six thousand + dollars therefor. There are five Churches—Congregational, Universalist, and + three Methodist, besides two societies worshiping in halls (the St. John's Episcopal + Mission and the Union at North Saugus). After the schism in the old Third Parish + about 1809, the religious feud between the Trinitarians and the Unitarians became so + intense that a lawsuit was had to obtain the fund, the Universalists retaining + possession. The Trinitarians then built the old stone Church, under the direction of + Squire Joseph Eames, which, as a piece of architecture, did not reflect much credit + on builder or architect. It is now used as a grocery and post office; their present + place of worship was built in 1852. The Church edifice of the old Third was erected + in 1738, and was occupied without change until 1859, when it was sold and moved off + the spot, and the site is now marked by a flag staff and band stand, known as Central + Square. The old Church was moved a short distance and converted into tenements, with + a store underneath. The Universalist society built their present Church <a + name="page141" id="page141"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 141]</span> in 1860. The + town farm consists of some 280 acres, and has a fine wood lot of 240 acres, the + remainder being valuable tillage, costing in 1823 $4,625.</p> + <p>The town is rich in local history and has either produced or been the residence of + a number of notable men and women.</p> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image13_full.png"><img src="images/image13_thumbnail.png" + alt="M.E. CHURCH, CLIFTONDALE." /></a> + <p>M.E. CHURCH, CLIFTONDALE.</p> + </div> + <p>Judge William Tudor, the father of the ice business, now so colossal in its + proportions, started the trade here, living on what is now the poor farm. The Saugus + Female Seminary once held quite a place in literary circles, Cornelius C. Felton, + afterward president of Harvard College, being its "chore boy" (the remains of his + parents lie in the cemetery near by). Fanny Fern, the sister of N.P. Willis, the wife + of James Parton, the celebrated biographer, as well as two sisters of Dr. Alexander + Vinton, pursued their studies here, together with Miss Flint, who married Honorable + Daniel P. King, member of Congress for the Essex District, and Miss Dustin, who + became the wife of Eben Sutton, and who has been so devoted and interested in the + library of the Peabody Institute. Mr. Emerson, the preceptor, was for a time the + pastor of the Third Parish of Lynn (now Saugus Universalist society), where Parson + Roby preached for a period of fifty-three years—more than half a century, with + a devotion and fidelity that greatly endeared him to his people. In passing we give + the items of his salary as voted him in 1747, taken from the records of the Parish, + being kindly furnished by the Clerk, Mr. W.F. Hitchings: "A suitable house and barn, + standing in a suitable place; pasturing and sufficient warter meet for two Cows and + one horse—the winter meet put in his barn; the improvement of two acres of land + suitable to plant and to be kept well fenced; sixty pounds in lawful silver money, at + six shillings and eight pence per ounce; twenty cords of wood at his Dore, and the + Loose Contributions; and also the following artikles, or so much money as will + purchase them, viz: Sixty Bushels Indian Corn, forty-one Bushels of Rye, Six <a + name="page142" id="page142"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 142]</span> hundred pounds + wait of Pork and Eight Hundred and Eighty Eight pounds wait of Beefe."</p> + <p>This would be considered a pretty liberal salary even now for a suburban people to + pay. From the records of his parish it would seem he always enjoyed the love and + confidence of his people, and was sincerely mourned by them at his death, which + occurred January 31, 1803, at the advanced age of eighty years, and as stated above + in the fifty-third year of his ministry. Among other good works and mementoes which + he left behind him was the "Roby Elm," set out with his own hand, and which is now + more than one hundred and twenty-five years old. It is in an excellent state of + preservation, and with its perfectly conical shape at the top, attracts marked + attention from all lovers and observers of trees. Among the names of worthy citizens + who have impressed themselves upon the memory of their survivors, either as business + men of rare executive ability, or as merchants of strict integrity, or scholars and + men of literary genius, lawyers, artists, writers, poets, and men of inventive + genius, we will first mention as eldest on the list "Landlord" Jacob Newhall, who + used to keep a tavern in the east part of the town and gave "entertainment to man and + beast" passing between Boston and Salem, notably so to General Washington on his + journey from Boston to Salem in 1797, and later to the Marquis De Lafayette in 1824, + when making a similar journey. We also mention Zaccheus Stocker, Jonathan Makepeace, + Charles Sweetser, Dr. Abijah Cheever, Benjamin F. Newhall and Benjamin Hitchings. + These last all held town office with great credit to themselves and their + constituents.</p> + <p>Benjamin F. Newhall was a man of versatile parts. Beside writing rhymes he + preached the Gospel, and was at one time County Commissioner for Essex County.</p> + <p>To these may be added Salmon Snow, who held the office of Selectman for several + years, and also kept the poor of Saugus for many years with great acceptance. He was + a man of good judgment, strong in his likes and dislikes, and bitter in his + resentments. George Henry Sweetser was also a Selectman for years, and was elected to + the Legislature for both branches, being Senator for two terms. Frederick Stocker, + noted as a manufacturer of brick, was also a man of sterling qualities, and shared in + the confidence and esteem of his fellow citizens. Joseph Stocker Newhall, a + manufacturer of roundings in sole leather, was a just man, of positive views, and + although interesting himself in the political issues of the day would not take + office. Eminently social he was at times somewhat abrupt and laconic in denouncing + what he conceived to be shams. As a manufacturer his motto was, "the laborer is + worthy of his hire." He died in 1875, aged 67 years. George Pearson was Treasurer of + the town and one of the Selectmen, and also Treasurer and Deacon of the Orthodox + parish for twenty-five years, living to the advanced age of eighty-seven years. He + died in 1883.</p> + <p>Later, about 1837, Edward Pranker, an Englishman, and Francis Scott, a Scotchman, + became noted for their woollen factories, which they built in Saugus, and also became + residents here for the rest of their lives. Enoch Train, too, a Boston ship merchant + and founder of the famous line of packets between Boston and Liverpool for the + transportation of emigrants, passed the last ten years of his life here, marrying + Mrs. Almira Cheever. He was the father of Mrs. A.D.T. Whitney, the <a name="page143" + id="page143"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 143]</span> author of many works of + fiction, which have been widely read; among them "Faith Gartney's Girlhood," "Odd or + Even," "Sights and Insights," etc. In this connection we point to a living novelist + of Saugus, Miss Ella Thayer, whose "Wired Lore" has been through several editions. + George William Phillips, brother of Wendell, a lawyer of some note, also lived many + years at Saugus and died in 1878. Joseph Ames, the artist, celebrated for his + portraits, who was commissioned by the Catholics to visit Rome and paint Pope Pius + IX., and who executed in a masterly manner other commissions, such as Rufus Choate, + Daniel Webster, Abraham Lincoln, Madames Rachael and Ristori, learned the art in + Saugus, though born in Roxbury, N.H. He died at New York while temporarily painting + there, but was buried in Saugus in 1874. His brother Nathan was a patent solicitor, + and considered an expert in such matters, and invented several useful machines. He + was also a writer of both prose and poetry, writing among other books "Pirate's + Glen," "Dungeon Rock" and "Childe Harold." He died in 1860.</p> + <p>Rev. Fales H. Newhall, D.D., who was Professor of Languages at Middletown College, + and who, as a writer, speaker or preacher, won merited distinction, died in 1882, + lamented that his light should go prematurely out at the early age of 56 years.</p> + <p>Henry Newhall, who went from Saugus to San Francisco, and there became a + millionaire, may be spoken of as a succesful business man and merchant. The greatest + instance of longevity since the incorporation of the town was that of Joseph Cheever, + who was born February 22, 1772, and died June 19, 1872, aged 100 years, 4 months, 27 + days. He was a farmer of great energy, industry and will power, and was given to much + litigation. He, too, represented the town in 1817-18, 1820-21, 1831-32, and again in + 1835.</p> + <p>Saugus, too, was the scene of the early labors of Rev. Edward T. Taylor, + familiarly known as Father Taylor. Here he learned to read, and preached his first + sermon at what was then known as the "Rock Schoolhouse," at East Saugus, though + converted at North Saugus. Mrs. Sally Sweetser, a pious lady, taught him his letters, + and Mrs. Jonathan Newhall used to read to him the chapter in the Bible from which he + was to preach until he had committed it to memory.</p> + <p>North Saugus is a fine agricultural section with table land, pleasant and well + watered, well adapted to farming purposes, and it was here that Adam Hawkes, the + first of this name in this county, settled with his five sons in 1630, and took up a + large tract of land. He built his house on a rocky knoll, the spot being at the + intersection of the road leading from Saugus to Lynnfield with the Newburyport + turnpike, known as Hawkes' Corner. This house being burned the bricks of the old + chimney were put into another, and when again this chimney was taken down a few years + ago there were found bricks with the date of 1601 upon them. This shows, evidently, + that the bricks were brought from England. This property is now in the hands of one + of his lineal descendants, Louis P. Hawkes, having been handed down from sire to son + for more than 250 years. On the 28th and 29th of July, 1880, a family reunion of the + descendents of Adam Hawkes was held to celebrate the 250th anniversary of his advent + to the soil of Saugus. It was a notable meeting, and brought together the members of + this respected and respectable <a name="page144" id="page144"></a><span + class="pagenum">[pg 144]</span> family from Maine to California. Two large tents were + spread and the trees and buildings were decorated with flags and mottoes in an + appropriate and tasteful manner. Judges, Generals, artists, poets, clergymen, + lawyers, farmers and mechanics were present to participate in the re-union. Addresses + were made, poems suitable to the occasion rendered, and all passed off in a most + creditable manner. Among the antique and curious documents in the possession of + Samuel Hawkes was the "division of the estate of Adam Hawkes, made March 27, + 1672."</p> + <p>Mrs. Dinsmore resided in this part of the town. A most amiable woman, a good + nurse, kind in sickness, and it was in this way that she discovered a most valuable + medicine. Her specific is claimed to be very efficacious in cases of croup and + kindred diseases, and its use in such cases has become very general, as well as for + headache. She is almost as widely known as Lydia Pinkham. She died in 1881.</p> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image14_full.png"><img src="images/image14_thumbnail.png" + alt="MRS. DINSMORE." /></a> + <p>MRS. DINSMORE.</p> + </div> + <p>Saugus nobly responded to the call for troops to put down the rebellion, + furnishing a large contingent for Company K, Seventeenth Massachusetts Volunteers, + which was recruited almost wholly from Malden and Saugus, under command of Captain + Simonds of Malden. Thirty-six Saugus men also enlisted in Company A, Fortieth + Massachusetts Volunteers, while quite a number joined the gallant Nineteenth + Regiment, Col. E.W. Hinks, whose name Post 95, G.A.R., of Saugus bears, which is a + large and flourishing organization. There were many others who enlisted in various + other regiments, beside those who served in the navy.</p> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <img src="images/image15_full.png" alt="NINETEENTH REGIMENT BADGE." /> + <p>NINETEENTH REGIMENT BADGE.</p> + </div> + <p>Charles A. Newhall of this town is secretary and treasurer of the Nineteenth + Regiment association, whose survivors still number nearly one hundred members.</p> + <h3>THE OLD IRON WORKS.</h3> + <p>These justly celebrated works, the first of their kind in this country, were + situated on the west bank of the Saugus river, about one-fourth of a mile north of + the Town Hall, on the road leading to Lynnfield, and almost immediately opposite the + mansion of A.A. Scott, Esq., the present proprietor of the woolen mills which are + located just above, the site of the old works being still marked by a mound of scoria + and <a name="page145" id="page145"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 145]</span> debris, + the locality being familiarly known as the "Cinder Banks." Iron ore was discovered in + the vicinity of these works at an early period, but no attempt was made to work it + until 1643. The Braintree iron works, for which some have claimed precedence, were + not commenced until 1647, in that part of the town known as Quincy.</p> + <p>Among the artisans who found employment and scope for their mechanical skill at + these works was Mr. Joseph Jenks who, when the colonial mint was started to coin the + "Pine Tree Shilling," made the die for the first impressions at the Iron works at + Saugus.</p> + <p>The old house, formerly belonging to the Thomas Hudson estate of sixty-nine acres + first purchased by the Iron Works, is still standing, and is probably one of the + oldest in Essex County, although it has undergone so many repairs that it is + something like the boy's jack-knife, which belonged to his grandfather and had + received three new blades and two new handles since he had known it. One of the + fire-places, with all its modernizing, a few years ago measured about thirteen feet + front, and its whole contour is yet unique. It is now owned by A.A. Scott and John B. + Walton.</p> + <p>Near Pranker's Pond, on Appleton street, is a singular rock resembling a pulpit. + This portion of the town is known as the Calemount.</p> + <p>There is a legend of the Colonial period that a man by the name of Appleton + harangued or preached to the people of the vicinity, urging them to stand by the + Republican cause, hence the name of "Pulpit Rock." The name "Calemount" also comes, + according to tradition, from the fact that one of the people named Caleb Appleton, + who had become obnoxious to the party, had agreed upon a signal with his wife and + intimate friends, that, when in danger, they should notify him by this expressive + warning, "Cale, mount!" upon which he would take refuge in the rocky mountain, which, + being then densely wooded, afforded a secure hiding place. Several members of this + family of Appletons have since, during successive generations, been distinguished and + well known citizens of Boston, one of whom, William Appleton, was elected to Congress + over Anson Burlingame, in 1860.</p> + <p>Recently, one of the descendants of this family has had a tablet of copper + securely bolted to the rock with the following inscription:—</p> + <blockquote> + <p>"APPLETOX'S PULPIT!</p> + <p>In September, 1687, from this rock tradition asserts that resisting the tyranny + of Sir Edmond Andros, Major Samuel Appleton of Ipswich spake to the people in + behalf of those principles which later were embodied in the declaration of + Independence."</p> + </blockquote> + <p>This tablet was formally presented to the town by letter from the late Thomas + Appleton, at the annual March meeting in 1882, and its care assumed by the town of + Saugus.</p> + <p>Among the present industries of Saugus are Pranker's Mills, a joint stock + corporation, doing business under the style of Edward Pranker & Co., for the + manufacture of woollen goods, employing about one hundred operatives, and producing + about 1,800,000 yards of cloth annually—red, white and yellow flannel. The mill + of A.A. Scott is just below on the same stream, making the same class of goods, with + a much smaller production, both companies being noted for the standard quality of + their fabrics. The spice and coffee mills of Herbert B. Newhall at East Saugus do a + large business in their line, and his goods go all over New England and the West.</p> + <p>Charles S. Hitchings, at Saugus, turns <a name="page146" id="page146"></a><span + class="pagenum">[pg 146]</span> out some 1,500 cases of hand-made slippers of fine + quality for the New York and New England trade. Otis M. Burrill, in the same line, is + making the same kind of work, some 150 cases, Hiram Grover runs a stitching factory + with steam power, and employs a large number of employees, mostly females.</p> + <p>Win. E. Shaw also makes paper boxes and cartoons, and does quite a business for + Lynn manufacturers.</p> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image16_full.png"><img src="images/image16_thumbnail.png" + alt="RESIDENCE OF RUFUS A. JOHNSON." /></a> + <p>RESIDENCE OF RUFUS A. JOHNSON.</p> + </div> + <p>Enoch T. Kent at Saugus and his brother, Edward S. Kent, at Cliftondale, are + engaged in washing crude hair and preparing it for plastering and other purposes, + such as curled hair, hair cloth, blankets, etc. They each give employment to quite a + number of men. Albert H. Sweetser makes snuff, succeeding to the firm of Sweetser + Bros., who did an extensive business until after the war. The demand for this kind of + goods is more limited than formerly. Joseph. A. Raddin, manufactures the crude + tobacco from the leaf into chewing and smoking tobacco. Edward O. Copp, Martha Fiske, + William Parker and a few others still manufacture cigars.</p> + <p>Quite an, extensive ice business is done at Saugus by Solon V. Edmunds and Stephen + Stackpole. A few years ago Eben Edmunds shipped by the Eastern Railroad some 1,200 + tons to Gloucester, but the shrinkage and wastage of the ice by delays on the train + did not render it a profitable operation.</p> + <p>The strawberry culture has recently become quite a feature in the producing + industry of Saugus. In 1884 <a name="page147" id="page147"></a><span + class="pagenum">[pg 147]</span> Elbridge S. Upham marketed 3,600 boxes, Charles S. + Hitchings 1,200, Warren P. Copp 400, and others, Martin Carnes, Calvin Locke, Edward + Saunders and Lorenzo Mansfield, more or less.</p> + <p>John W. Blodgett and the Hatch Bros. do a large business in early and late + vegetables for Boston and Lynn markets, such as asparagus, spinach, etc., and employ + quite a number of men.</p> + <p>Nor must we forget to mention the milk business. Louis P. Hawkes has a herd of + some forty cows and has a milk route at Lynn. J.W. Blodgett keeps twenty-five cows, + and takes his milk to market. Geo. N. Miller and T.O.W. Houghton also keep cows and + have a route. Joshua Kingsbury, George H. Pearson and George Ames have a route, + buying their milk. Byron Hone keeps fifty cows. Dudley Fiske has twenty-five, selling + their milk. O.M. Hitchings, H. Burns, A.B. Davis, Lewis Austin, Richard Hawkes and + others keep from seven to twelve cows for dairy purposes.</p> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image17_full.png"><img src="images/image17_thumbnail.png" + alt="RESIDENCE OF CHARLES H. BOND." /></a> + <p>RESIDENCE OF CHARLES H. BOND.</p> + </div> + <p>Having somewhat minutely noticed the industries we will speak briefly of some of + the dwellings. The elegant mansion and gardens of Brainard and Henry George, Harmon + Hall and Rufus A. Johnson of East Saugus, and Eli Barrett, A.A. Scott and E.E. Wilson + of Saugus, C.A. Sweetser, C.H. Bond and Pliny Nickerson at Cliftondale, with their + handsome lawns, rich and rare flowers and noble shade trees attract general + attention. The last mentioned estate was formerly owned by a brother of Governor + William Eustis, where his Excellency used to spend a portion of his time each + year.</p> + <p>At the south-westerly part of the town, not far from the old Eustis estate, the + boundaries of three counties and four towns intersect with each other, viz: Suffolk, + Essex and Middlesex counties, and the towns of Revere, Saugus, Melrose and Maiden. + Near by, too, is the old Boynton estate, and the Franklin Trotting park, where some + <a name="page148" id="page148"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 148]</span> famous + trotting was had, when Dr. Smith managed it in 1866-7, Flora Temple, Fashion, Lady + Patchen and other noted horses contending. After a few years of use it was abandoned, + but it has recently been fitted up by Marshall Abbott of Lynn, and several trots have + taken place the present summer.</p> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image18_full.png"><img src="images/image18_thumbnail.png" + alt="TOWN HALL." /></a> + <p>TOWN HALL.</p> + </div> + <p>The Boynton estate above referred to is divided by a small brook, known as + "Bride's Brook," which is also the dividing line between Saugus and Revere, <a + name="page149" id="page149"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 149]</span> and the + counties of Suffolk and Essex. Tradition asserts that many years ago a couple were + married here, the groom standing on one side and the bride on the other; hence the + name "Bride's Brook."</p> + <p>The existence of iron ore used for the manufacturing at the old Iron Works was + well known, and there have been many who have believed that antimony also exists in + large quantities in Saugus, but its precise location has as yet not become known to + the public.</p> + <p>As early as the year 1848, a man by the name of Holden, who was given to field + searching and prospecting, frequently brought specimens to the late Benjamin F. + Newhall and solemnly affirmed that he obtained them from the earth and soil within + the limits of Saugus. Every means was used to induce him to divulge the secret of its + locality. But Holden was wary and stolidly refused to disclose or share the knowledge + of the place of the lode with anyone. He averred that he was going to make his + fortune by it. Detectives were put upon his trail in his roaming about the fields, + but he managed to elude all efforts at discovery. Being an intemperate man, one cold + night after indulging in his cups, he was found by the roadside stark and stiff. Many + rude attempts and imperfect searches have been made upon the assurances of Holden to + discover the existence of antimony, but thus far in vain, and the supposed suppressed + secret of the existence of it in Saugus died with him.</p> + <p>"Pirate's Glen" is also within the territory of Saugus, while "Dungeon Rock," + another romantic locality, described by Alonzo Lewis in his history of Lynn, is just + over the line in that city. There is a popular tradition that the pirates buried + their treasure at the foot of a certain hemlock tree in the glen, also the body of a + beautiful female. The rotten stump of a tree may still be seen, and a hollow beside + it, where people have dug in searching for human bones and treasure. This glen is + highly romantic and is one of the places of interest to which all strangers visiting + Saugus are conducted, and is invested with somewhat of the supernatural tales of + Captain Kid and treasure trove.</p> + <p>There is a fine quarry or ledge of jasper located in the easterly part of the + town, near Saugus River, just at the foot of the conical-shaped elevation known as + "Round Hill." which Professor Hitchcock, in his last geological survey, pronounced to + be the best specimen in the state. Mrs. Hitchcock, an artist, who accompanied her + husband in his surveying tour, delineated from this eminence, looking toward Nahant + and Egg Rock, which is full in view, and from which steamers may be seen with a glass + plainly passing in and out of Boston harbor. The scenery and drives about Saugus are + delightful, especially beautiful is the view and landscape looking from the "Cinder + Banks," so-called, down Saugus river toward Lynn.</p> + <h3>REPRESENTATIVES FROM SAUGUS SINCE THE TOWN WAS INCORPORATED.</h3> + <p>Saugus, (formerly the West Parish of Lynn), was formed in the year 1815, and the + town was first represented by Mr. Robert Emes in 1816. Mr. Emes carried on morocco + dressing, his business being located on Saugus river, on the spot now occupied by + Scott's Flannel Mills.</p> + <p>In 1817-18 Mr. Joseph Cheever represented the town, and again in 1820-21; also, in + 1831-32, and again, for the last time, in 1835. After having served the town seven + times in the legislature, <a name="page150" id="page150"></a><span + class="pagenum">[pg 150]</span> he seems to have quietly retired from political + affairs.</p> + <p>In 1822 Dr. Abijah Cheever was the Representative, and again in 1829-30. The + doctor held a commission as surgeon in the army at the time of our last war with + Great Britain. He was a man very decided in his manners, had a will of his own, and + liked to have people respect it.</p> + <p>In 1823 Mr. Jonathan Makepeace was elected. His business was the manufacture of + snuff, at the old mills in the eastern part of the town, now owned by Sweetser + Brothers, and known as the Sweetser Mills.</p> + <p>In 1826-28 Mr. John Shaw was the Representative.</p> + <p>In 1827 Mr. William Jackson was elected.</p> + <p>In 1833-34 Mr. Zaccheus N. Stocker represented the town. Mr. Stocker held various + offices, and looked very closely after the interests of the town.</p> + <p>In 1837-38 Mr. William W. Boardman was the Representative. He has filled a great + many offices in the town.</p> + <p>In 1839 Mr. Charles Sweetser was elected, and again in 1851. Mr. Sweetser was + largely engaged in the manufacture of snuff and cigars. He was a gentleman very + decided in his opinions, and enjoyed the confidence of the people to a large + degree.</p> + <p>In 1840, the year of the great log cabin campaign, Mr. Francis Dizer was + elected.</p> + <p>In 1841 Mr. Benjamin Hitchings, Jr., was elected, and in 1842 the town was + represented by Mr. Stephen E. Hawkes.</p> + <p>In 1843-44 Benjamin F. Newhall, Esq., was the Representative, Mr. Newhall was a + man of large and varied experience, and held various offices, always looking sharply + after the real interests of the town. He also held the office of County + Commissioner.</p> + <p>In 1845 Mr. Pickmore Jackson was the Representative. He has also held various + offices in the town, and has since served on the school committee with good + acceptance.</p> + <p>In 1846-47 Mr. Sewall Boardman represented the town.</p> + <p>In 1852 Mr. George H. Sweetser was the Representative. Mr. Sweetser has also held + a seat in our State Senate two years, and filled various town offices. He was a + prompt and energetic business man, engaged in connection with his brother, Mr. + Charles A. Sweetser, in the manufacture of snuff and cigars.</p> + <p>In 1853 Mr. John B. Hitching was elected. He has held various offices in the + town.</p> + <p>In 1854 the town was represented by Mr. Samuel Hawkes, who has also served in + several other positions, proving himself a very straightforward and reliable man.</p> + <p>In 1855 Mr. Richard Mansfield was elected. He was for many years Tax Collector and + Constable, and when he laid his hand on a man's shoulder, in the name of the law, the + duty was performed in such a good-natured manner that it really did not seem so very + bad, after all.</p> + <p>In 1856 Mr. William H. Newhall represented the town. He has held the offices of + Town Clerk and Selectman longer than any other person in town, and is still in + office.</p> + <p>In 1857 Mr. Jacob B. Calley was elected.</p> + <p>In 1858 the district system was adopted, and Mr. Jonathan Newhall was elected to + represent the twenty-fourth Essex District, comprising the towns of Saugus, Lynnfield + and Middleton.</p> + <a name="page151" id="page151"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 151]</span> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image19_full.png"><img src="images/image19_thumbnail.png" + alt="<i>Sketch of Saugus.</i>" /></a> + <p><i>Sketch of Saugus.</i></p> + </div> + <p>In 1861 Mr. Harmon Hall represented the District. Mr. Hall is a very energetic + business man, and has accumulated a very handsome property by <a name="page152" + id="page152"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 152]</span> the manufacture of boots and + shoes. He has held various other important positions, and has been standing Moderator + in all town meetings, always putting business through by daylight.</p> + <p>In 1863 Mr. John Hewlett was elected. He resides in that part of the town called + North Saugus, and was for a long series of years a manufacturer of snuff and + cigars.</p> + <p>In 1864 Mr. Charles W. Newhall was the Representative.</p> + <p>In 1867 Mr. Sebastian S. Dunn represented the District. Mr. Dunn was a dealer in + snuff, cigars and spices, and is now engaged in farming in Dakota.</p> + <p>In 1870 Mr. John Armitage represented the District—the twentieth + Essex—comprising the towns of Saugus, Lynnfield, Middleton and Topsfield. He + has been engaged in the woollen business most of his life; formerly a partner with + Pranker & Co. He has also held other town offices with great acceptance.</p> + <p>J.B. Calley succeeded Mr. Armitage, it being the second time he had been elected. + Otis M. Hitchings was the next Representative, a shoe manufacturer, being elected + over A.A. Scott, Esq., the republican candidate.</p> + <p>Joseph Whitehead was the next Representative from Saugus, a grocer in business. He + was then and still is Town Treasurer, repeatedly having received every vote cast. J. + Allston Newhall was elected in 1878 and for several years was selectman.</p> + <p>Albert H. Sweetser was our last Representative, elected in 1882-3, by one of the + largest majorities ever given in the District. He is a snuff manufacturer, doing + business at Cliftondale, under the firm of Sweetser Bros., whom he succeeds in + business. Saugus is entitled to the next Representative in 1885-6. The womb of the + future will alone reveal his name.</p> + <p>The future of Saugus would seem to be well assured, having frequent trains to and + from Boston and Lynn, with enlarged facilities for building purposes, especially at + Cliftondale, where a syndicate has recently been formed, composed of Charles H. Bond, + Edward S. Kent, and Henry Waite, who have purchased thirty-four acres of land, + formerly belonging to the Anthony Hatch estate, which, with other adjoining lands are + to be laid out into streets and lots presenting such opportunities and facilities for + building as cannot fail to attract all who are desirious of obtaining suburban + residences, and thus largely add to the taxable property of Saugus and to the + prosperity of this interesting locality.</p> + <hr /> + <a name="page153" id="page153"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 153]</span> + <h2>THE BARTHOLDI COLOSSUS.</h2> + <center> + By WILLIAM HOWE DOWNES. + </center> + <p>The project of erecting a colossal statue of Liberty, which shall at once serve as + a lighthouse and as a symbolic work of art, may be discussed from several different + points of view. The abstract idea, as it occurred to the sculptor, Mr. Bartholdi, was + noble. The colossus was to symbolize the historic friendship of the two great + republics, the United States and France; it was to further symbolize the idea of + freedom and fraternity which underlies the republican form of government. Lafayette + and Jefferson would have been touched by the project. If we are not touched by it, it + proves that we have forgotten much which it would become us to recall. Before our + nation was, the democratic idea had been for many years existing and expanding among + the French people; crushed again and again by tyrants, it ever rose, renewed and + fresh for the irrepressible conflict. Through all their vicissitudes the people of + France have upheld, unfaltering, their ideal—liberty, equality and fraternity. + Our own republic exists to-day because France helped us when England sought to crush + us. It is never amiss to freshen our memories as to these historic facts. The + symbolism of the colossus would therefore be very fine; it would have a meaning which + every one could understand. It would signify not only the amity of France and the + United States, and the republican idea of brotherhood and freedom, as I have said; + but it would also stand for American hospitality to the European emigrant, and Emma + Lazarus has thus imagined the colossus endowed with speech:</p> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <div class="line"> + "Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she. + </div> + <div class="line"> + With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor, + </div> + <div class="line"> + Your huddled masses, yearning to breathe free; + </div> + <div class="line"> + The wretched refuse of your teeming shore— + </div> + <div class="line"> + Send these, the homeless, temptest-tost to me— + </div> + <div class="line"> + I lift my lamp beside the golden door!" + </div> + </div> + </div> + <p>Now, there can be no two ways of thinking among patriotic Americans as to this + aspect of the Bartholdi colossus question. It must be agreed that the motive of the + work is extremely grand, and that its significance would be glorious. The sculptor's + project was a generous inspiration, for which he must be cordially remembered. To be + sure, it may be said he is getting well advertised; that is very true, but it would + be mean in us to begrudge him what personal fame he may derive from the work. To + assume that the whole affair is a "job," or that it is entirely the outcome of one + man's scheming egotism and desire for notoriety, is to take a deplorably low view of + it; to draw unwarranted conclusions and to wrong ourselves. The money to pay for the + statue—about $250,000—was raised by popular subscription in France, under + the auspices of the Franco-American Union, an association of gentlemen whose + membership includes such names as Laboulaye, de Lafayette, de Rochambeau, de + Noailles, de Toqueville, de Witt, Martin, de Remusat. The identification of these + excellent men with the project should be a sufficient guarantee of its disinterested + character. The efforts made in this country to raise the + money—$250,000—required to build a suitable pedestal for the statue, are + a subject of every day comment, and the failure to obtain the whole amount is a + matter for no small degree of chagrin.</p> + <a name="page154" id="page154"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 154]</span> + <p>Who and what is Mr. Bartholdi? He is a native of Colmar, in Alsace, and comes of a + good stock; a pupil of the Lycee Louis-le-Grand, and of Ary Scheffer, he studied + first painting then sculpture, and after a journey in the East with Gerome, + established his atelier in Paris. He served in the irregular corps of Garibaldi + during the war of 1870, and the following year visited the United States. It is + admitted that he is a man of talent, but that he is not considered a great sculptor + in his own country is equally beyond doubt. He would not be compared, for instance, + with such men as Chapu, Dubois, Falguiere, Clesinger, Mercie, Fremiet, men who stand + in the front rank of their profession. The list of his works is not long. It includes + statues of General Rapp, Vercingetorix, Vauban, Champollion, Lafayette and Rouget de + l'Isle; ideal groups entitled "Genius in the Grasp of Misery," and "the Malediction + of Alsace;" busts of Messrs. Erckmann and Chatrain; single figures called "Le + Vigneron," "Genie Funebre" and "Peace;" and a monument to Martin Schoengauer in the + form of a fountain for the courtyard of the Colmar Museum. There may be a few others. + Last, but by no means least, there is the great Lion of Belfort, his best work. This + is about 91 by 52 feet in dimensions, and is carved from a block of reddish Vosges + stone. It is intended to commemorate the defence of Belfort against the German army + in 1870, an episode of heroic interest. The immense animal is represented as wounded + but still capable of fighting, half lying, half standing, with an expression of rage + and mighty defiance. It is not too much to say that Mr. Bartholdi in this case has + shown a fine appreciation of the requirements of colossal sculpture. He has + sacrificed all unnecessary details, and, taking a lesson from the old Egyptian + stone-cutters, has presented an impressive arrangement of simple masses and unvexed + surfaces which give to the composition a marvellous breadth of effect. The lion is + placed in a sort of rude niche on the side of a rocky hill, which is the foundation + of the fortress of Belfort. It is visible at a great distance, and is said to be + strikingly noble from every point of view. The idea is not original, however well it + may have been carried out, for the Lion of Lucerne by Thorwaldsen is its prototype on + a smaller scale and commemorates an event of somewhat similar character. The bronze + equestrian statue of Vercingetorix, the fiery Gallic chieftain, in the Clermont + museum, is full of violent action. The horse is flying along with his legs in + positions which set all the science of Mr. Muybridge at defiance; the man is + brandishing his sword and half-turning in his saddle to shout encouragement to his + followers. The whole is supported by a bit of artificial rock-work under the horse, + and the body of a dead Gaul lies close beside it. In the statue of Rouget de l'Isle + we see a young man striking an orator's attitude, with his right arm raised in a + gesture which seems to say:</p> + <p>"<i>Aux armes, citoyens / Formes vos bataillons!</i>"</p> + <p>The Lafayette, in New York, is perhaps a mediocre statue, but even so, it is + better than most of our statues. A Frenchman has said of it that the figure + "resembles rather a young tenor hurling out his C sharp, than a hero offering his + heart and sword to liberty." It represents our ancient ally extending his left hand + in a gesture of greeting, while his right hand, which holds his sword, is pressed + against his breast in a somewhat theatrical movement. It will be inferred that the + general criticism to <a name="page155" id="page155"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg + 155]</span> be made upon Mr. Bartholdi's statues is that they are violent and want + repose. The Vercingetorix, the Rouget de l'Isle, the Lafayette, all have this + exaggerated stress of action. They have counterbalancing features of merit, no doubt, + but none of so transcendent weight that we can afford to overlook this grave + defect.</p> + <p>Coming now to the main question, which it is the design of this paper to discuss, + the inquiry arises: What of the colossal statue of Liberty as a work of art? For, no + matter how noble the motive may be, or how generous the givers, it must after all be + subjected to this test. If it is not a work of art, the larger it is, the more + offensive it must be. There are not wanting critics who maintain that colossal + figures cannot be works of art; they claim that such representations of the human + form are unnatural and monstrous, and it is true that they are able to point out some + "terrible examples" of modern failures, such, for instance, as the "Bavaria" statue + at Munich. But these writers appear to forget that the "Minerva" of the Parthenon and + the Olympian Jupiter were the works of the greatest sculptor of ancient times, and + that no less a man than Michael Angelo was the author of the "David" and "Moses." It + is therefore apparent that those who deny the legitimacy of colossal sculptures <i>in + toto</i> go too far; but it is quite true that colossal works have their own laws and + are subject to peculiar conditions. Mr. Lesbazeilles<a id="footnotetag7" + name="footnotetag7"></a><a href="#footnote7"><sup>7</sup></a> says that "colossal + statuary is in its proper place when it expresses power, majesty, the qualities that + inspire respect and fear; but it would be out of place if it sought to please us by + the expression of grace.... Its function is to set forth the sublime and the + grandiose." The colossi found among the ruins of Egyptian Temples and Palaces cannot + be seen without emotion, for if many of them are admirable only because of their + great size, still no observer can avoid a feeling of astonishment on account of the + vast energy, courage and industry of the men of old who could vanquish such gigantic + difficulties. At the same time it will not do to assume that the Egyptian stone + cutters were not artists. The great Sphinx of Giseh, huge as it is, is far from being + a primitive and vulgar creation. "The portions of the head which have been + preserved," says Mr. Charles Blanc, "the brow, the eyebrows, the corners of the eyes, + the passage from the temples to the cheek-bones, and from the cheek-bones to the + cheek, the remains of the mouth and chin,—all this testifies to an + extraordinary fineness of chiselling. The entire face has a solemn serenity and a + sovereign goodness." Leaving aside all consideration of the artistic merits of other + Egyptian colossi,—those at Memphis, Thebes, Karnac and Luxor, with the twin + marvels of Amenophis-Memnon—we turn to the most famous colossus of antiquity, + that at Rhodes, only to find that we have even less evidence on which to base an + opinion as to its quality than is available in the case of the numerous primitive + works of Egypt and of India. We know its approximate dimensions, the material of + which it was made, and that it was overthrown by an earthquake, but there seems to be + reason to doubt its traditional attitude, and nothing is known as to what it amounted + to as a work of art, though it may be presumed that, being the creation of a Greek, + it had the merits of its classic age and school. Of the masterpieces of Phidias it + may be said that they were designed for the interiors <a name="page156" + id="page156"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 156]</span> of Temples and were adopted + with consummate art to the places they occupied; they have been reconstructed for us + from authentic descriptions, and we are enabled to judge concerning that majestic and + ponderous beauty which made them the fit presentments of the greatest pagan deities. + I need say nothing of the immortal statues by Michael Angelo, and will therefore + hasten to consider the modern outdoor colossi which now exist in Europe—the St. + Charles Borromeo at Arona, Italy, the Bavaria at Munich, the Arminius in Westphalia, + Our Lady of Puy in France. The St. Charles Borromeo, near the shore of Lake Maggiore, + dates from 1697, and is the work of a sculptor known as Il Cerano. Its height is 76 + feet, or with its pedestal, 114 feet. The arm is over 29 feet long, the nose 33 + inches, and the forefinger 6 feet 4 inches. The statue is entirely of hammered copper + plates riveted together, supported by means of clamps and bands of iron on an + interior mass of masonry. The effect of the work is far from being artistic. It is in + a retired spot on a hill, a mile or two from the little village of Arona. The + Bavaria, near Munich, erected in 1850, is 51 feet high, on a pedestal about 26 feet + high, and is the work of Schwanthaler. It is of bronze and weighs about 78 tons. The + location of this monstrous lump of metal directly in front of a building emphasizes + its total want of sculptural merit, and makes it a doubly lamentable example of bad + taste and bombast. The Arminius colossal, on a height near Detmold in Westphalia, was + erected in 1875, is 65 feet high, and weighs 18 tons. The name of the sculptor is not + given by any of the authorities consulted, which is perhaps just as well. This statue + rests on "a dome-like summit of a monumental structure," and brandishes a sword 24 + feet long in one hand. The Virgin of Puy is by Bonassieux, was set up in 1860, is 52 + feet high, weighs 110 tons, and stands on a cliff some 400 feet above the town. It + is, like the Bavaria, of bronze, cast in sections, and made from cannons taken in + warfare. The Virgin's head is surmounted by a crown of stars, and she carries the + infant Christ on her left arm. The location of this statue is felicitous, but it has + no intrinsic value as an art work. It will be seen, then, that these outdoor colossi + of to-day do not afford us much encouragement to believe that Mr. Bartholdi will be + able to surmount the difficulties which have vanquished one sculptor after another in + their endeavors to perform similar prodigies. Sculpture is perhaps the most difficult + of the arts of design. There is an antique statue in the Louvre which displays such + wonderful anatomical knowledge, that Reynolds is said to have remarked, "to learn + that alone might consume the labor of a whole life." And it is an undeniable fact + that enlarging the scale of a statue adds in more than a corresponding degree to the + difficulties of the undertaking. The colossi of the ancients were to a great extent + designed for either the interiors or the exteriors of religious temples, where they + were artfully adapted to be seen in connection with architectural effects. Concerning + the sole prominent exception to this rule, the statue of Apollo at Rhodes, we have + such scant information that even its position is a subject of dispute. It has been + pointed out how the four modern outdoor colossi of Europe each and all fail to attain + the requirements of a work of art. All our inquiries, it appears then, lead to the + conclusion that Mr. Bartholdi has many chances against him, so far as we are able to + learn from <a name="page157" id="page157"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 157]</span> + an examination of the precedents, and in view of these facts it would be a matter for + surprise if the "Liberty" statue should prove to possess any title to the name of a + work of art. We reserve a final decision, however, as to this most important phase of + the affair, until the statue is in place.</p> + <p>The idea that great size in statues is necessarily vulgar, does not seem + admissible. It would be quite as just to condemn the paintings on a colossal scale in + which Tintoretto and Veronese so nobly manifested their exceptional powers. The size + of a work of art <i>per se</i> is an indifferent matter. Mere bigness or mere + littleness decides nothing. But a colossal work has its conditions of being: it must + conform to certain laws. It must be executed in a large style; it must represent a + grand idea; it must possess dignity and strength; it must convey the idea of power + and majesty; it must be located in a place where its surroundings shall augment + instead of detracting from its aspect of grandeur; it must be magnificent, for if not + it will be ridiculous. The engravings of Mr. Bartholdi's statue represent a woman + clad in a peplum and tunic which fall in ample folds from waist and shoulder to her + feet. The left foot, a trifle advanced supports the main weight of the body. The + right arm is uplifted in a vigorous movement and holds aloft a blazing torch. The + left hand grasps a tablet on which the date of the Declaration of Independence + appears; this is held rather close to the body and at a slight angle from it. The + head is that of a handsome, proud and brave woman. It is crowned by a diadem. The + arrangement of the draperies is, if one may judge from the pictures, a feature of + especial excellence in the design. There is merit in the disposition of the peplum or + that portion of the draperies flung back over the left shoulder, the folds of which + hang obliquely (from the left shoulder to the right side of the waist and thence + downward almost to the right knee,) thus breaking up the monotony of the + perpendicular lines formed by the folds of the tunic beneath. The movement of the + uplifted right arm is characterized by a certain <i>elan</i> which, however, does not + suggest violence; the carriage of the head is dignified, and so far as one may judge + from a variety of prints, the face is fine in its proportions and expression. I do + not find the movement of the uplifted arm violent, and, on the whole, am inclined to + believe the composition a very good one in its main features. There will be an + undeniable heaviness in the great masses of drapery, especially as seen from behind, + but the illusion as to the size of the figure created by its elevation on a pedestal + and foundation nearly twice as high as itself may do much towards obviating this + objection. The background of the figure will be the</p> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <div class="line"> + ... Spacious firmament on high, + </div> + <div class="line"> + With all the blue etherial sky, + </div> + <div class="line"> + And spangled heavens ... + </div> + </div> + </div> + <p>The island is far enough removed from the city so that no direct comparisons can + be made between the statue and any buildings. Seen from the deck of a steamer at a + distance say of a quarter of a mile, the horizon, formed by the roofs, towers, spires + and chimneys of three cities, will not appear higher than the lower half of the + pedestal. In other words the statue will neither be dwarfed nor magnified by the + contiguity of any discordant objects. It will stand alone. The abstract idea, as has + been said, is noble. The plan of utilizing the statue as a lighthouse at night does + not detract from its worth in this respect; it may be said to even emphasize the + allegorial sense of the work. <a name="page158" id="page158"></a><span + class="pagenum">[pg 158]</span> "Liberty enlightening the world," lights the way of + the sailor in the crowded harbor of the second commercial city of the world. The very + magnitude of the work typifies, after a manner, the vast extent of our country, and + the audacity of the scheme is not inappropriate in the place where it is to stand. It + may be, indeed, that when the statue is set up, we shall find it awkward and + offensive, as some critics have already prophecied: but that it must be so inevitably + does not appear to me to be a logical deduction from the information we have at hand + as to the artist and his plans. It is freely admitted that no modern work of this + nature has been successful, but that does not prove that this must absolutely be a + failure. The project ought not to be condemned in advance because of the great + difficulties surrounding it, its unequalled scope and its novelty. Mr. Bartholdi is + above all ingenious, bold, and fertile in resources; it would be a great pity not to + have him allowed every opportunity to carry out a design in which, as we have seen, + there are so many elements of interest and even of grandeur. It has been said that + "there does not exist on French soil such a bombastic work as this will be." Very + well; admitting for the sake of argument that it will be bombastic, shall we reject + and condemn a colossal statue before having seen it, because there is nothing like it + in France? And is it true that it will be bomastic? That is by no means demonstrated. + On the contrary an impartial examination of the design would show that the work has + been seriously conceived and thought out; that it does not lack dignity; that it is + intended to be full of spirit and significance. It would be the part of wisdom at + least to avoid dogmatism in an advance judgment as to its worth as a work of art, and + to wait awhile before pronouncing a final verdict.</p> + <p>Hazlitt tells of a conceited English painter who went to Rome, and when he got + into the Sistine Chapel, turning to his companion, said, "Egad, George, we're bit!" + Our own tendency is, because of our ignorance, to be sceptical and suspicious as to + foreign works of art, especially of a kind that are novel and daring. No one is so + hard to please as a simpleton. We are so afraid of being taken in, that we are + reluctant to commit ourselves in favor of any new thing until we have heard from + headquarters; but it appears to be considered a sign of knowledge to vituperate + pictures and statues which do not conform to some undefinable ideal standard of our + own invention. There is, of course, a class of indulgent critics who are pernicious + enough in their way; but the savage and destructive criticism of which I speak is + quite as ignorant and far more harmful. It assumes an air of authority based on a + superficial knowledge of art, and beguiles the public into a belief in its + infallibility by means of a smooth style and an occasional epigram the smartness of + which may and often does conceal a rank injustice. The expression of a hope that the + result of Mr. Bartholdi's labors "will be something better than another gigantic + asparagus stalk added to those that already give so comical a look to our sky-line," + is truly an encouraging and generous utterance at this particular stage of the + enterprise, and equals in moderation the courteous remark that the statue "could not + fail to be ridiculous in the expanse of New York Bay."<a id="footnotetag8" + name="footnotetag8"></a><a href="#footnote8"><sup>8</sup></a> It is not necessary to + touch upon the question of courtesy at <a name="page159" id="page159"></a><span + class="pagenum">[pg 159]</span> all, but it is possible that one of our critics may + live to regret his vegetable metaphor, and the other to revise his prematurely + positive censure. There is a sketch in charcoal which represents the Bartholdi + colossus as the artist has seen it in his mind's eye, standing high above the waters + of the beautiful harbor at twilight, when the lights are just beginning to twinkle in + the distant cities and when darkness is softly stealing over the service of the busy + earth and sea. The mystery of evening enwraps the huge form of the statue, which + looms vaster than by day, and takes on an aspect of strange majesty, augmented by the + background of hurrying clouds which fill the upper portion of the sky. So seen, the + immense Liberty appears what the sculptor wishes and intends it to be, what we + Americans sincerely hope it may be,—a fitting memorial of an inspiring episode + in history, and a great work of modern art.</p> + <hr /> + <h2>ELIZABETH.<a id="footnotetag9" name="footnotetag9"></a><a + href="#footnote9"><sup>9</sup></a></h2> + <h3>A ROMANCE OF COLONIAL DAYS.</h3> + <center> + BY FRANCES C. SPARHAWK, Author of "A Lazy Man's Work." + </center> + <hr class="short" /> + <h3>CHAPTER III.</h3> + <h4>IDLESSE.</h4> + <p>"Don't move your head, Elizabeth, keep it in that position a little longer," said + Katie Archdale, as she and her friend sat together the morning after the sail. "I + wish an artist were here to paint you so; you've no idea how striking you are."</p> + <p>"No, I have not," laughed the other, forgetting to keep still as she spoke, and + turning the face that had been toward the window full upon her companion. The scene + that Elizabeth's eyes had been dwelling upon was worthy of admiration; her enthusiasm + had not escaped her in any word, but her eyes were enraptured with it, and her whole + face, warmed with faint reflection of the inward glow, was beautiful with youth, and + thought, and feeling.</p> + <p>"Now you've spoilt it," cried Katie, "now you are merely a nice-looking young + lady; you were beautiful before, perfectly beautiful, like a picture that one can + look at, and look at, and go away filled with, and come back to, and never tire of. + The people that see you so worship you, but then, nobody has a chance to do it. You + just sit and don't say much except once in a while when you wake up, then you are + brilliant, but never tender, as you know how to be. You give people an impression + that you are hard. Sometimes I should like to shake you."</p> + <p>Elizabeth laughed.</p> + <p>"That's the way you worship me," she answered. "I suspected it was a strange kind + of adoration, largely made up of snubbing."</p> + <p>"It's not snubbing," retorted Katie, "it is trying to rouse you to what you you + might be. But I am wasting my breath; you don't believe a word I say."</p> + <p>"I should like to believe it," returned the girl, smiling a little sadly. "But + even if I did believe every word of it, it would seem to me a great deal nicer to be + like you, beautiful all the time, <a name="page160" id="page160"></a><span + class="pagenum">[pg 160]</span> and one whom everybody loves. But there's one thing + to be said, if it were I who were beautiful, I could'nt have the pleasure I do in + looking at you, and perhaps, after all, I shouldn't get any more enjoyment out of + it."</p> + <p>"Oh, yes, you would," retorted the other, then bit her lips angrily at her + inadvertence. A shrewd smile flitted over Elizabeth's face, but she made no comment, + and Katie went on hurriedly to ask, "What shall we do to amuse ourselves to-day, + Betsey?" Another slight movement of the hearer's lips responded. This name was + Katie's special term of endearment, and never used except when they were alone; no + one else ever called her by it.</p> + <p>"I don't know," she said. "Let us sit here as we are doing now. Move your chair + nearer the window and look down on the river. See the blue-black shadows on it. And + look at the forests, how they stretch away with a few clearings here and there. A + city behind us, to be sure, a little city, but before us the forests, and the + Indians. I wonder what it all means for us."</p> + <p>"The axe for one, the gun for the other," retorted Katie with a hardness which + belief in the savageness and treachery of the red man had instilled into the age. + "The forests mean fortune to some of us," she added.</p> + <p>"Yes," answered Elizabeth slowly, finding an unsatisfactory element in her + companion's summary.</p> + <p>"Do you mean that we shall have to shoot down a whole race? That is dreadful," she + added after a pause.</p> + <p>"You and I have nothing to do with all that," returned Katie.</p> + <p>Elizabeth waited in despair of putting the case as she felt it.</p> + <p>"I was thinking," she said at last, "that if we have a whole land of forests to + cut down and of cities to build up, somehow, everything will be different here from + the Old England. I often wonder what it is to be in this New World. It must be unlike + the Old," she repeated.</p> + <p>"I don't wonder," returned Katie, "and that's just what you shouldn't do. Wonder + what you're going to wear to-morrow when we dine at Aunt Faith's, or whether Master + Harwin will call this morning, or Master Waldo, or wonder about something + sensible."</p> + <p>"Which means, 'or if it's to be Master Archdale,'" retorted Elizabeth, smiling + into the laughing eyes fixed upon her face, and making them fall at the keenness of + her glance, while a brighter rose than Katie cared to show tinted the creamy skin and + made her bend a moment to arrange the rosette of her slipper. The movement showed her + hair in all its perfection, for at this early hour it had not been tortured into + elaborateness, but as she sat in her bedroom talking with her guest, was loosely + coiled to be out of the way, and thus drawn back in its wavy abundance showed now + burnished, and now a darker brown, as the sunlight or the shadow fell upon it.</p> + <p>"He's not always sensible," she answered, lifting her head again with a half + defiant gesture, and smiling. Katie's smile was irresistible, it won her admirers by + the score, not altogether because it gave a glimpse of beautiful teeth, or because + her mouth was at its perfection then, but that it was an expression of childlike + abandonment to the spirit of the moment, which charmed the gay because they + sympathized with it and the serious because it was a mood of mind into which they + would be glad to enter. "Stephen has not been quite himself lately, rather stupid," + and she looked as if she were not unsuspicious of the reason.</p> + <a name="page161" id="page161"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 161]</span> + <p>"Too many of us admirers, he thinks?" laughed Elizabeth. "For he is bright enough + when he takes the trouble to speak, but generally he doesn't seem to consider any one + of sufficient importance to amuse."</p> + <p>"That is not so," cried Katie, "you are mistaken. But you don't know Stephen very + well," she added. "What a pity that you are not living here, then you would, and then + we should have known each other all our lives, instead of only since we went to + school together. What good times we had at Madam Flamingo's. There you sit, now, and + look as meekly reproving as if you had'nt invented that name for her yourself. It was + so good, it has stood by her ever since."</p> + <p>"Did I? I had forgotten it."</p> + <p>"Perhaps, at least, you remember the red shawl that got her the nickname? It was + really something nice,—the shawl, I mean, but the old dame was so ridiculously + proud of it and so perpetually flaunting it, she must have thought it very becoming. + We girls were tired of the sight of it. And one day, when you were provoked with her + about something and left her and came into the schoolroom after hours, you walked up + to a knot of us, and with your air of scorn said something about Madam Flamingo. + Didn't it spread like wildfire? Our set will call that venerable dame 'Flamingo' to + the end of her days."</p> + <p>"I suppose we shall, but I had no recollection that it was I who gave her the + name."</p> + <p>"Yes, you gave it to her," repeated Katie. "You may be very sure I should not have + forgotten it if I had been so clever. Those were happy days for all their petty + tribulations," she added after a pause.</p> + <p>Elizabeth looked at her sitting there meditative.</p> + <p>"I should think these were happy days for you, Katie. What more can you want than + you have now?"</p> + <p>"Oh, the roc's eggs, I suppose," answered the girl. "No, seriously, I am pretty + likely to get what I want most. I am happy enough, only not absolutely happy quite + yet."</p> + <p>"Why not?"</p> + <p>"Our good minister would say it was not intended for mortals."</p> + <p>"If I felt like being quite content I should not give it up because somebody else + said it was too much for me."</p> + <p>"Oh, well," said Katie, laughing, "it has nothing to do with our good Parson + Shurtleff, anyway."</p> + <p>"I thought not. What, then?"</p> + <p>The other did not answer, but sat looking out of the window with eyes that were + not studying the landscape. Whether her little troubles dissolved into the cloudless + sky, like mist too thin to take shape, or whether she preferred to keep her + perplexities to herself is uncertain, but when she spoke it was about another + reminiscence of school days.</p> + <p>"Do you remember that morning Stephen came to see me?" she began. "Madam thought + at first that Master Archdale must be my father, and she gave a most gracious assent + to my request to go to walk with him. I was dying of fun all the time, I could + scarcely keep my face straight; then, when she caught a glimpse of him as we were + going out of the hall, she said in a dubious tone, 'Your brother, I presume, Mistress + Archdale?' But I never heard a word. I was near the street door and I put myself the + other side of it without much delay. So did Stephen. And we went off laughing. He + said I was a wicked little cousin, and he spelled it 'cozen;' but he didn't seem to + mind my wickedness at all." There was a <a name="page162" id="page162"></a><span + class="pagenum">[pg 162]</span> pause, during which Katie looked at her smiling + friend, and her own face dimpled bewitchingly. "This is exactly what you would have + done, Elizabeth," she said. "You would have heard that tentative remark of Madam's, + of course you would, and you would have stood still in the hall and explained that + Stephen was your cousin, instead of your brother, and have lost your walk beyond a + doubt, you know the Flamingo. Now, I was just as good as you would have been, only, I + was wiser. I, too, told Madam that he was my cousin, but I waited until I came home + to do it. The poor old lady could not help herself then; it was impossible to take + back my fun, and she could not punish me, because she had given me permission to go, + nor could she affirm that I heard her remark, for it was made in an undertone. There + was nothing left for her but to wrap her illustrious shawl about her and look + dignified." "Do you think Master Harwin will come to-day?" Katie asked a few moments + later, "and Master Waldo? I hope they will all three be here together; it will be + fun, they can entertain each other, they are so fond of one another."</p> + <p>"Katie! Katie!"</p> + <p>The girl broke into a laugh.</p> + <p>"Oh, yes, I remember," she said, "Stephen is your property."</p> + <p>"Don't," cried Elizabeth, with sudden gravity and paleness in her face. "I think + it was wicked in me to jest about such a sacred thing. Let me forget it."</p> + <p>"I wont tease you if you really care. But if it was wicked, it was a great deal + more my doing, and Master Waldo's, than your's or Stephen's. We wanted to see the + fun. Your great fault, Elizabeth, is that you vex yourself too much about little + things. Do you know it will make you have wrinkles?"</p> + <p>This question was put with so much earnestness that Elizabeth laughed + heartily.</p> + <p>"One thing is sure," she said, "I shall not remain ignorant of my failings through + want of being told them while I'm here. It would be better to go home."</p> + <p>"Only try it!" cried Katie, going to her and kissing her. "But now, Elizabeth, I + want to tell you something in all seriousness. Just listen to me, and profit by it, + if you can. I've found it out for myself. The more you laugh at other people's + absurdities the fewer of your own will be noticed, because, you see, it implies that + you are on the right standpoint to get a review of other people."</p> + <p>"That sounds more like eighty than eighteen."</p> + <p>"Elizabeth, it is the greatest mistake in the world, I mean just that, to keep + back all your wisdom until you get to be eighty. What use will it be to you then? All + you can do with it will be to see how much more sensibly you might have acted. That's + what will happen to you, my dear, if you don't look out. But at eighteen—I am + nineteen—everything is before you, and you want to know how to guide your life + to get all the best things you can out of it without being wickedly selfish—at + least I do. Your aspirations, I suppose, are fixed upon the forests and the Indian, + and problems concerning the future of the American Colonies. But I'm more reverent + than you, I think the Lord is able to take care of those."</p> + <p>Elizabeth looked vaguely troubled by the fallacy which she felt in this speech + without being quite willing or able to bring it to light.</p> + <p>"But, remember, I was twenty-one my last birthday," she answered. "I ought to take + a broader view of things."</p> + <a name="page163" id="page163"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 163]</span> + <p>"On the contrary, you're getting to be an old maid. You should consider which of + your suitors you want, and say 'yes' to him on the spot. By the way, what has become + of your friend, the handsome Master Edmonson?"</p> + <p>Elizabeth colored.</p> + <p>"I don't know," she answered. "Father has heard from him since he went away, so I + suppose that he is well."</p> + <p>"And he has not written to you?"</p> + <p>"No, he has only sent a message." Then, after a pause, "He said that he was coming + back in the autumn."</p> + <p>"I hope so," cried Katie, "he is a most fascinating man, and of such family! + Stephen was speaking of him the other day. He was very attentive, was he not, + Betsey?"</p> + <p>"Ye-es, I suppose so. But there was something that I fancied papa did not + like."</p> + <p>"I'm so sorry," cried Katie. She rose, and crossing the little space between + herself and her friend, dropped upon the footstool at Elizabeth's feet, and laying + her arms in the girl's lap and resting her chin upon them, looked up and added, "Tell + me all about it, my dear."</p> + <p>"There is nothing to tell," answered Elizabeth, caressing the beautiful hair and + looking into the eyes that had tears of sympathy in them.</p> + <p>"I was afraid something had gone wrong, afraid that you would care."</p> + <p>Elizabeth sat thinking.</p> + <p>"I don't know," she said slowly at last, "I don't know whether I should really + care or not if I never saw him again."</p> + <p>Her companion looked at her a moment in silence, and when she began to speak it + was about something else.</p> + <hr class="short" /> + <h3>CHAPTER IV.</h3> + <h4>GIRDING ON THE HARNESS.</h4> + <p>Later that same morning a gentleman calling upon Mistress Katie Archdale was told + that he would find her with friends in the garden. Walking through the paths with a + leisurely step which the impatience of his mood chafed against, he came upon a + picture that he never forgot.</p> + <p>Great stretches of sunshine lay on the garden and in it brilliant beds of flowers + glowed with their richest lights, poppies folded their gorgeous robes closely about + them, Arab fashion, to keep out the heat; hollyhocks stood in their stateliness + flecked with changing shadows from the aspen tree near by. Beds of tiger lilies, + pinks, larkspur, sweetwilliams, canterbury bells, primroses, gillyflowers, lobelia, + bloomed in a luxuriance that the methodical box which bordered them could not + restrain. But the garden was by no means a blaze of sunshine, for ash trees, maples, + elms, and varieties of the pine were there. Trumpet-vines climbed on the wall, and + overtopping that, caught at trellises prepared to receive them, and formed screens of + shadows that flickered in every breeze and changed their places with the changing + sun. But it was only with a passing glance that the visitor saw these things, his + eyes were fixed upon an arbor at the end of the garden; it was covered with clematis, + while two great elms met overhead at its entrance and shaded the path to it for a + little distance. Under these elms stood a group of young people. He was unannounced, + and had opportunity without being himself perceived, to scan this little group as he + went forward. His expression varied with each member of it, but showed an interest of + some sort in each. Now it was full of <a name="page164" id="page164"></a><span + class="pagenum">[pg 164]</span> passionate delight; then it changed as his look fell + upon a tall young man with dark eyes and a bearing that in its most gracious moments + seemed unable to lose a touch of haughtiness, but whose face now was alive with a + restful joy. The gazer, as he perceived this happiness, so wanting in himself, + scowled with a bitter hate and looked instantly toward another of the party, this + time with an expression of triumph. At the fourth and last member of the group his + glance though scowling, was contemptuous; but the receiver was as unconscious of + contempt as he felt undeserving of it. From him the gazer's eyes returned to the + person at whom he had first looked. She was standing on the step of the arbor, an end + of the clematis vine swaying lightly back and forth over her head, and almost + touching her bright hair which was now towered high in the fashion of the day. She + was holding a spray of the vine in her hand. She had fastened one end in the hair of + a young lady who stood beside her, and was now bringing the other about her neck, + arranging the leaves and flowers with skilful touches. Three men, including the + new-comer, watched her pretty air of absorption, and the deftness of her taper + fingers, the sweep of her dark lashes on her cheek as from the height of her step she + looked down at her companion, the curves of her beautiful mouth that at the moment + was daintly holding a pin with which the end of the spray was to be fastened upon the + front of the other's white dress. It was certainly effective there. Yet none of the + three men noticed this, or saw that between the two girls the question as to beauty + was a question of time, that while the one face was blooming now in the perfection of + its charm, the charm of the other was still in its calyx. The adorner intuitively + felt something of this. Perhaps she was not the less fond of her friend that the + charms she saw in her were not patent to everybody. Bring her forward as much as she + might, Katie felt that Elizabeth Royal would never be a rival. She even shrank from + this kind of prominence into which Katie's play was bringing her now. She had been + taken in hand at unawares and showed an impatience that if the other were not quick, + would oblige her to leave the work unfinished.</p> + <p>"There," cried Katie, at last giving the leaves a final pat of arrangement, "that + looks well, don't you think so, Master Waldo?"</p> + <p>"Good morning, Mistress Archdale," broke in a voice before Waldo could answer. + "And you, Mistress Royal," bowing low to her. "After our late hours last night, + permit me to felicitate you upon your good health this morning, and—" he was + about to add, "your charming appearance," but something in the girl's eyes as she + looked full at him held back the words, and for a moment ruffled his smooth + assurance. But as he recovered himself and turned to salute the gentlemen, the smile + on his lips had triumph through its vexation.</p> + <p>"My proud lady, keep your pride a little longer," he said to himself. And as he + bowed to Stephen Archdale with a dignity as great as Stephen's own, he was thinking: + "My morning in that hot office has not been in vain. I know your weak point now, my + lofty fellow, and it is there that I will undermine you. You detest business, indeed! + John Archdale feels that with his only son in England studying for the ministry he + needs a son-in-law in partnership with him. The thousands which I have been putting + into his business this morning are well spent, they make me welcome here. Yes, your + uncle needs me, <a name="page165" id="page165"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg + 165]</span> Stephen Archdale, for your clever papa is not always brotherly in his + treatment, he has more than once brought heavy losses upon the younger firm. It's a + part of my pleasure in prospect that now I shall be able to checkmate him in such + schemes, perhaps to bring back a little of the loss upon the shoulders of his heir. + Ah, I am safer from you than you dream." He turned to Waldo, and as the two men + bowed, they looked at one another steadily. Each was remembering their conversation + the night before over some Bordeaux in Waldo's room, for they were staying at the + same inn and often spent an hour together. They had drunk sparingly, but, just + returned from their sail, each was filled with Katie Archdale's beauty, and each had + spoken out his purpose plainly, Waldo with an assurance that, if it savored a little + of conceit, was full of manliness, the other with a half-smothered fierceness of + passion that argued danger to every obstacle in its way.</p> + <p>"You've come at the very right moment, Master Harwin," broke in Katie's + unconscious voice, and she smiled graciously, as she had a habit of doing at + everybody; "We were talking about you not two minutes ago."</p> + <p>"Then I am just in time to save my character."</p> + <p>"Don't be too sure about that," returned Miss Royal.</p> + <p>Waldo laughed, and Katie exchanged glances with him, and smiled mischievously.</p> + <p>"No, don't be too sure; it will depend upon whether you say 'yes,' or 'no,' to my + question. We were wondering something about you."</p> + <p>Harwin's heart sank, though he returned her smile and her glance with interest. + For there were questions she might ask which would inconvenience him, but they should + not embarrass him.</p> + <p>"We were wondering," pursued Katie, "if you had ever been presented. Have + you?"</p> + <p>As the sun breaks out from a heavy cloud, the light returned to Harwin's blue + eyes.</p> + <p>"Yes," he said, "four years ago. I went to court with my uncle, Sir Rydal Harwin, + and his majesty was gracious enough to nod in answer to my profound reverence."</p> + <p>"It was a very brilliant scene, I am sure, and very interesting."</p> + <p>"Deeply interesting," returned Harwin with all the traditional respect of an + Englishman for his sovereign. Archdale's lip curled a trifle at what seemed to him + obsequiousness, but Harwin was not looking at him.</p> + <p>"Stephen has been," pursued Katie, "and he says it was very fine, but for all that + he does not seem to care at all about it. He says he would rather go off for a day's + hunting any time. The ladies looked charming, he said, and the gentlemen magnificent; + but he was bored to death, for all that."</p> + <p>"In order to appreciate it fully," returned Archdale, "it would be necessary that + one should be majesty." He straightened himself as he spoke, and looked at Harwin + with such gravity that the latter, meeting the light of his eyes, was puzzled whether + this was jest or earnest, until Miss Royal's laugh relieved his uncertainty. Katie + laid her hand on the speaker's arm and shook it lightly.</p> + <p>"You told me I should be sure to enjoy it," she said. "Now, what do you mean?"</p> + <p>"Ah! but you would be queen," said Harwin, "queen in your own right, a divine + right of beauty that no one can resist."</p> + <p>Katie looked at him, disposed for a moment to be angry, but her love of admiration + <a name="page166" id="page166"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 166]</span> could not + resist the worship of his eyes, and the lips prepared to pout curved into a smile not + less bewitching that the brightness of anger was still in her cheeks. Archdale and + Waldo turned indignant glances on the speaker, but it was manifestly absurd to resent + a speech that pleased the object of it, and that each secretly felt would not have + sounded ill if he had made it himself. Elizabeth looked from Katie to Harwin with + eyes that endorsed his assertion, and as the latter read her expression his scornful + wonder in the boat returned.</p> + <p>"Why are we all standing outside in the heat?" cried the hostess. "Let us go into + the arbor, there is plenty of room to move about there, we have had a dozen together + in it many a time." She passed in under the arch as she spoke, and the others + followed her. There in her own way which was not so very witty or wise, and yet was + very charming, she held her little court, and the three men who had been in love with + her at the beginning of the hour were still more in love at the end of it. And + Elizabeth who watched her with an admiration as deep as their's, if more tranquil, + did not wonder that it was so. Katie did not forget her, nor did the gentlemen, or at + least two of them, forget to be courteous, but if she had known what became of the + spray of clematis which being in the way as she turned her head, she had soon + unfastened and let slip to the ground, she would not have wondered, nor would she + have cared. If she had seen Archdale's heel crush it unheedingly as he passed out of + the arbor, the beat of her pulses would never have varied.</p> + <hr class="short" /> + <h3>CHAPTER V.</h3> + <h4>ANTICIPATIONS.</h4> + <p>It was early in December. The months had brought serious changes to all but one of + the group that the August morning had found in Mr. Archdale's garden. Two had + disappeared from the scene of their defeat, and to two of them the future seemed + opening up vistas of happiness as deep as the present joy. Elizabeth Royal alone was + a spectator in the events of the past months, and even in her mind was a questioning + that was at least wonderment, if not pain.</p> + <p>Kenelm Waldo was in the West Indies, trying to escape from his pain at Katie + Archdale's refusal, but carrying it everywhere with him, as he did recollections of + her; to have lost them would have been to have lost his memory altogether.</p> + <p>Ralph Harwin also had gone. His money was still in the firm of John Archdale & + Co., which it had made one of the richest in the Colonies; its withdrawal was now to + be expected at any moment, for Harwin did not mean to return, and Archdale, while + endeavoring to be ready for this, saw that it would cripple him. Harwin had been + right in believing that he should make himself very useful and very acceptable to + Katie's father. For Archdale who was more desious of his daughter's happiness than of + anything else in the world, was disappointed that this did not lie in the direction + which, on the whole, would have been for his greatest advantage. Harwin and he could + have done better for Katie in the way of fortune than Stephen Archdale with his + distaste for business would do. The Archdale connection had always been a dream of + his, until lately when this new possibility had superseded his nephew's interest in + his thoughts. There was an address and business keenness about Harwin that, if + Stephen possessed at all, was latent in him. The Colonel was wealthy enough to afford + <a name="page167" id="page167"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 167]</span> the luxury + of a son who was only a fine gentleman. Stephen was a good fellow, he was sure, and + Katie would be happy with him. And yet—but even these thoughts left him as he + leaned back in his chair that day, sitting alone after dinner, and a mist came over + his eyes as he thought that in less than a fortnight his home would no longer be his + little daughter's.</p> + <p>"It will be all right," he said to himself with that sigh of resignation with + which we yield to the inevitable, as if there were a certain choice and merit in + doing it. "It is well that the affairs of men are in higher hands than ours." John + Archdale's piety was of the kind that utters itself in solitude, or under the + breath.</p> + <p>Katie at the moment was upstairs with her mother examining a package of wedding + gear that had arrived that day. She had no hesitation as to whom her choice should + have been. Yet, as she stood holding a pair of gloves, measuring the long wrists on + her arm and then drawing out the fingers musingly, it was not of Stephen that she was + thinking, or of him that she spoke at last, as she turned away to lay down the gloves + and take up a piece of lace.</p> + <p>"Mother," she said, "I do sometimes feel badly for Master Harwin; he is the only + man in all the world that I ever had anything like fear of, and now and then I did of + him, such a fierceness would come over him once in a while, not to me, but about me, + I know, about losing me. He was terribly in earnest. Stephen never gets into these + moods, he is always kind and lovable, just as he has been to me as far back as I can + remember, only, of course more so now."</p> + <p>"But things have gone differently with him and with poor Master Harwin," answered + Mrs. Archdale. "If you had said 'no' to Stephen, you would have seen the dark moods + in him, too."</p> + <p>The young girl looked at her mother and smiled, and blushed a little in a charming + acknowledgment of feminine power to sway the minds of the sterner half of humanity. + Then she grew thoughtful again, not even flattery diverting her long from her + subject.</p> + <p>"But Stephen never could be like that," she said. "Stephen couldn't be dark in + that desperate sort of way. I can't describe it in Master Harwin, but I feel it. + Somehow, he would rather Stephen would die, or I should, than have us marry."</p> + <p>"Did he ever say so?"</p> + <p>"Why, no, but you can feel things that nobody says. And, then, there is something + else, too. I am quite sure that sometime in his life he did something, well, perhaps + something wicked, I don't know what, but I do know that a load lies on his + conscience; for one day he told me as much. It was just as he was going away, the day + after I had refused him and he knew of my engagement. He asked permission to come and + bid me goodby. Don't you remember?"</p> + <p>"Yes," said Mrs. Archdale.</p> + <p>"He looked at me and sighed. 'I've paid a heavy price,' he said half to himself, + 'to lose.' Then he added, 'Mistress Archdale, will you always believe that I loved + you devotedly, and always have loved you from the hour I first saw you? If I could + undo'—then he waited a moment and grew dreadfully pale, and I think he finished + differently from his first intention—'If I could undo something in the past,' + he said, 'I would give my life to do it, but my life would be of no use.'"</p> + <p>"That looks as if it was something against you, Katie."</p> + <p>"Oh, no, I don't think so. Besides, he wouldn't have given his life at all; <a + name="page168" id="page168"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 168]</span> that's only the + way men talk, you know, when they want to make an impression of their earnestness on + women and they always think they do it that way. But the men that are the readiest to + give up their lives don't say anything about it beforehand. Stephen would die for me, + I'm sure, but he never told me so in his life. He don't make many protestations; he + takes a great deal for granted. Why shouldn't he; we've known one another from + babyhood? But Master Harwin knew, somehow, the minute after he spoke, if he didn't at + the time, that he wouldn't die for his fault at all, whatever it was. And then, after + he spoke it seemed to me as if he had changed his mind and didn't care about it in + any way, he only cared that I had refused him, and that he was not going to see me + any more. I am sorry for a man like that, and if he were going to stay here I should + be afraid of him, afraid for Stephen. But he sails in a few days. I don't wonder he + couldn't wait here for the next ship, wait over the wedding, and whatever danger from + him there may have been sails with him. Poor man, I don't see what he liked me for." + And with a sigh, Katie dismissed the thought of him and his grief and evil together, + and turned her attention again to the wedding finery.</p> + <p>"Only see what exquisite lace," she cried, throwing it out on the table to examine + the web. "Where did Elizabeth get it, I wonder? She begged to be allowed to give me + my bridal veil, and she has certainly done it handsomely, just as she always does + everything, dear child. I suppose it came out in one of her father's ships."</p> + <p>"Everything Master Royal touches turns into gold," said Mrs. Archdale, after a + critical examination of the lace had called forth her admiration. "It's Mechlin, + Katie. There is nobody in the Colonies richer than he," she went on, "unless, + possibly, the Colonel."</p> + <p>"I dare say I ought to pretend not to care that Stephen will have ever so much + money," returned the girl, taking up a broad band of India muslin wrought with gold, + and laying it over her sleeve to examine the pattern, at which she smiled + approvingly. "But then I do care. Stephen is a great deal more interesting rich than + he would be poor; he is not made for a grub, neither am I, and living is much better + fun when one has laces like cobwebs, and velvets and paduasoys, and diamonds, mother, + to fill one's heart's desire."</p> + <p>As she spoke she looked an embodiment of fair youth and innocent pleasure, and her + mother, with a mother's admiration and sympathy in her heart, gave her a lingering + glance before she put on a little sternness, and said, "My child, I don't like to + hear you talk in that light way. Your heart's desires, I trust, are set upon better + things, those of another world."</p> + <p>"Yes, mother, of course. But, then you know, we are to give our mind faithfully to + the things next to us, in order to get to those beyond them, and that's what I am + doing now, don't you see? O, mother, dear, how I shall miss you, and all your dear, + solemn talks, and your dear, smiling looks." And winding her arms about her mother, + Katie kissed her so affectionately that Mrs. Archdale felt quite sure that the laces + and paduasoys had not yet spoilt her little daughter.</p> + <p>"Now, for my part," she said a few minutes later as she laid down a pair of dainty + white kid shoes, glittering with spangles from the tip of their peaked toes to their + very heels,—high enough for modern days,—"These fit you to perfection, my + dear. For my part," she repeated, "you know that I have <a name="page169" + id="page169"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 169]</span> always hoped you would marry + Stephen, yet my sympathies go with Master Waldo in his loss, instead of with the + other one, whom I think your father at last grew to like best of the three; it was + strange that such a man could have gotten such an influence, but then, they were in + business together, and there is always something mysterious about business. Master + Waldo is a fine, open-hearted young man, and he was very fond of you."</p> + <p>"Yes, I suppose so," answered the girl, with an effort to merge a smile into the + expression accompanying a sympathetic sigh. "It's too bad. But, then, men must look + out for themselves, women have to, and Kenelm Waldo probably thinks he is worth any + woman's heart."</p> + <p>"So he is, Katie."</p> + <p>"Um!" said the girl. "Well, he'd be wiser to be a little humble about it. It takes + better."</p> + <p>"Do you call Stephen humble?"</p> + <p>Katie laughed merrily. "But," she said, at last, "Stephen is Stephen, and humility + wouldn't suit him. He would look as badly without his pride as without his lace + ruffles."</p> + <p>"Is it his lace ruffles you're in love with, my child?"</p> + <p>"I don't know, mother," and she laughed again. "When should a young girl laugh if + not on the eve of her marriage with the man of her choice, when friends and wealth + conspire to make the event auspicious?"</p> + <p>"I shall not write to thank Elizabeth for her gift," she said, "for she will be + here before a letter can reach her. She leaves Boston to-morrow, that's Tuesday, and + she must be here by Friday, perhaps Thursday night, if they start very early."</p> + <p>"I thought Master Royal's letter said Monday?"</p> + <p>"Tuesday," repeated Katie, "if the weather be suitable for his daughter. Look at + this letter and you'll see; his world hinges on his daughter's comfort, he is father + and mother both to her. Elizabeth needs it, too; she can't take care of herself well. + Perhaps she could wake up and do it for somebody else. But I am not sure. She's a + dear child, though she seems to me younger than I am. Isn't it funny, mother, for she + knows a good deal more, and she's very bright sometimes? But she never makes the best + of anything, especially of herself."</p> + <p>It was the day before the wedding. The great old house was full of bustle from its + gambrel roof to its very cellar in which wines were decanted to be in readiness, and + into which pastries and sweetmeats were carried from the pantry shelves overloaded + with preparations for the next day's festivities. Servants ran hither and thither, + full of excitement and pleasant anticipations. They all loved Katie who had grown up + among them. And, besides, the morrow's pleasures were not to be enjoyed by them + wholly by proxy, for if there was to be only wedding enough for one pair, at least + the remains of the feast would go round handsomely. Two or three black faces were + seen among the English ones, but though they were owned by Mr. Archdale, the disgrace + and the badge of servitude had fallen upon them lightly, and the shining of merry + eyes and the gleam of white teeth relieved a darkness that nature, and not despair, + had made. In New England, masters were always finding reasons why their slaves should + be manumitted. How could slavery flourish in a land where the wind of freedom was so + strong that it could blow a whole cargo of tea into the ocean?</p> + <p>But there were not only servants going <a name="page170" id="page170"></a><span + class="pagenum">[pg 170]</span> back and forth through the house, for it was full of + guests. The Colonel's family living so near, would not come until the morning of the + ceremony, but other relatives were there in force. Mrs. Archdale's brother,—a + little patronizing but very rich and gracious, and his family who having been well + patronized, were disposed to be humble and admiring, and her sister who not having + fed on the roses of life, had a good deal of wholesome strength about her, together + with a touch of something which, if it were wholesome, was not exactly grateful. + Cousins of Mr. Archdale were there also. Elizabeth Royal, at Katie's special request, + had been her guest for the last ten days. Her father had gone home again the day he + brought her and was unable to return for the wedding and to take his daughter home + afterward, as he had intended; but he had sent Mrs. Eveleigh, his cousin and + housekeeper. It seemed strange that the father and daughter were so companionable, + for superficially they were entirely unlike. Mr. Royal was considered stern and + shrewd, and, though a well-read man, eminently practical, more inclined to business + than scholarship, while Elizabeth was dreamy, generous, wholly unacquainted with + business of any kind, and it seemed too much uninterested in it ever to be + acquainted. To most people the affection between them seemed only that of nature and + circumstances, Elizabeth being an only child, and her mother having died while she + was very young. It is the last analysis of character that discovers the same trait + under different forms. None of her friends carried analysis so far, and it was + possible that no effort could have discovered subtle likeness then. Perhaps it was + still latent and would only hereafter find some outward expression for itself. It + sometimes happens that physical likeness comes out only after death, mental not until + late in life, and likeness of character in the midst of unlikeness is revealed + usually only in the crucible of events.</p> + <p>That day, Elizabeth, from her window overlooking the garden, had seen a picture + that she never forgot. It was about noon, all the warmth that was in the December sun + filled the garden (which the leafless trees no longer shaded). There was no snow on + the ground, for the few stray flakes premonitory of winter which had fallen from time + to time in the month had melted almost as soon as they had touched the ground. The + air was like an Indian summer's day; it seemed impossible that winter could be round + the corner waiting only for a change of wind. The tracery of the boughs of the trees + and of all their little twigs against the blue sky was exquisite, the stalks of the + dead flowers warmed into a livelier brown in the sunlight. Yet it may have been + partly the figures in the foreground that made the whole picture so bright to + Elizabeth, for to her the place was filled with the lovers who were walking there and + talking, probably saying those nothings, so far as practical matters go, which they + may indulge in freely only before the thousand cares of life interfere with their + utterances. Stephen had come to the house, and Katie and he were taking what they + were sure would prove to be their last opportunity for quiet talk before the wedding. + They went slowly down the long path to the clematis arbor, and then turned back + again, for it was not warm enough to sit down out of doors. Elizabeth watched them as + they walked toward the house, and a warmth came into her own face in her pleasure. + "Dear Katie," she said to herself, "she is sure to be so happy." The young <a + name="page171" id="page171"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 171]</span> girl's hand lay + on Archdale's arm, and she was looking up at him with a smile full of joyousness. + Archdale's head was bent and the watcher could not see his eyes, but his attitude of + devotion, his smile, and Katie's face told the story.</p> + <p>[TO BE CONTINUED.]</p> + <hr /> + <h2>GLORIFYING TRIAL BY JURY.</h2> + <center> + By CHARLES COWLEY, LL.D. + </center> + <p>Twice within two years representatives of the highest courts of Massachusetts have + published in the North American Review, panegyrics of jurics and jury trials. The + late Judge Foster and Judge Pitman both concede—what indeed is too notorious to + be denied—that there are frequent and gross miscarriages of justice; but they + touch lightly on this aspect of the question. Being personally identified with the + institution which they extol, their self-complacency is neither unnatural nor + unpardonable. It seems not to have occurred to them, that if a reform of our + judiciary is really needed, they are "a part of the thing to be reformed." But in + weighing their testimony to the advantages of trial by jury, allowance must be made + for the bias of office and for the bias of interest. In the idolatrous throng which + drowned the voice of St. Paul with their halcyon and vociferous shouts, "Great is + Diana of the Ephesians!" there was no one who shouted louder than the thrifty + silversmith, Demetrius, who added the naive remark, "By this craft we live."</p> + <p>In the outset of his presentation of the beauties of jury trials, Judge Pitman + says that "certain elementary rules of law are so closely associated with this system + that change in one would require alteration of the other." Now, these rules of law + are either good or bad. If they are bad, they should be revised; and the fact that + they are so closely associated with trial by jury, that they can not be amended + without injury thereto, adds little lustre to that time-honored institution. One the + other hand, if these "elementary rules of law" are good, it is presumed that courts + will be able to appreciate and apply them quite as well as juries.</p> + <p>Judge Pitman then proceeds to argue that criminal trials without juries would be + attended with disadvantages, because he thinks that judges would have, oftener than + juries, that "reasonable doubt" which by law entitles the accused to an acquittal. + This warrants one of two inferences: either the writer would have men convicted whose + guilt is involved in "reasonable doubt," or he fears that the learning and experience + of the bar and the bench tend to unfit the mind to weigh the evidence of guilt or + innocence. It is curious that in a former number of the same Review, another learned + writer expressed exactly the contrary opinion.<a id="footnotetag10" + name="footnotetag10"></a><a href="#footnote10"><sup>10</sup></a> Mr. Edward A. Thomas + thinks that "judges are too much inclined to convict persons charged with criminal + offences," and that juries are too much inclined to acquit them. And Judge Foster + seemingly agrees with Mr. Thomas upon this point.</p> + <p>Again: Judge Pitman argues that a jury is better qualified than a judge to + determine what is "due care." And Judge Foster, going still further, says, "common + men belonging to various walks in life, are, in most cases, better <a name="page172" + id="page172"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 172]</span> fitted to decide correctly + ordinary questions of fact than any single judge or bench of judges." There are, + unquestionably, many cases in which the main questions are so entirely within the + scope of ordinary men's observation and experience that no special knowledge is + required to decide them. With respect to such cases, it is true that</p> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <div class="line"> + "A few strong instincts and a few plain rules + </div> + <div class="line"> + Are worthy all the learning of the schools." + </div> + </div> + </div> + <p>But where the questions involved are many in number, intricate and complicated in + character, and enveloped in a mass of conflicting testimony requiring many days to + hear it, is it not manifest that a jury,—not one of whom has taken a note + during the trial, some of whose members have heard as though hearing not, and seen as + though seeing not, the testimony and the witnesses,—deals with such a case at a + great disadvantage, as compared with a judge whose notes contain all the material + testimony, and who has all the opportunity for rest and relaxation that he may + require before filing the finding which is his verdict? With respect to such cases, + it is clear that, as a learned English judge has said, "the securities which can be + taken for justice in the case of a trial by a judge without a jury, are infinitely + greater than those which can be taken for trial by a judge and jury."<a + id="footnotetag11" name="footnotetag11"></a><a href="#footnote11"><sup>11</sup></a> A + judge may be required to state what facts he finds, as well as the general conclusion + at which he has arrived, and to state upon what views of the legal questions he has + acted.</p> + <p>Judge Foster most justly remarks: "There can be no such thing as a good jury trial + without the co-operation of a learned, upright, conscientious and efficient presiding + judge, ... holding firmly and steadily the reins, and guiding the entire + proceedings." This is what Judge Foster was, and what Judge Pitman is, accustomed to + do. But if the jury requires such "guiding" from the court, and if the court is + competent thus to guide them, it is clear that the court must know the way and must + be able to follow it; otherwise it could not so guide the jury.</p> + <p>Judge Pitman also argues that the jury can eliminate "the personal equation" + better than the judge. But is this so? Does education count for nothing in producing + that calm, firm, passionless state of mind which is essential in those who determine + causes between party and party?</p> + <p>Are not juries quite as often as judges swayed by popular clamor, by prejudice, by + appeals to their passions, and by considerations foreign to the merits of the case? + As Mr. Thomas asks in the article before quoted: "How many juries are strictly + impartial? How many remain entirely uninfluenced by preference for one or the other + of the parties, one or the other counsel, or the leaning of some friend to either, or + by political affiliations, or church connections, or relations to secret societies, + or by what they have heard, or by what they have read? Can they be as discerning and + impartial as a bench of judges, or if inclined to some bias or prejudice, can they as + readily as a judge divest their minds of such an impression?" If it be true that + juries composed of such material as Judge Pitman shows our juries to be largely + composed of, are as capable of mastering and determining intricate questions of fact + as judges trained to that duty, then we may truly say—</p> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <div class="line"> + "Thinking is but an idle waste of thought, + </div> + <div class="line"> + And naught is everything, and everything is naught." + </div> + </div> + </div> + <p>According to Judge Pitman, the system which prevails in some of the states, of + trials by the court without juries <a name="page173" id="page173"></a><span + class="pagenum">[pg 173]</span> (with the provision that the trial shall be by jury + if either party demand it), "works satisfactorily." The testimony of lawyers and + litigants in Massachusetts, Connecticut and other states where this system prevails, + is to the same effect. For ourselves, while far from desiring the abolition of trial + by jury, whether in civil or in criminal causes, we are by no means disposed to + "throw glamour" (as the Scotch say), over an instrumentality for ascertaining legal + truth, which is so cumbersome in its operation, and so uncertain in its results. A + jury is, at best, a means, and not an end; and although much may be said about the + incidental usefulness of jury service on account of its tendency to enlarge the + intellectual horizon of jurors, all that is beside the main question.</p> + <p>Whether a particular occurrence took place or not, is a question which, whether it + be tried by a judge or by a jury, must be decided upon evidence; which consists, in + part, of circumstances, and, in part, of acts, but in part also, and very largely, of + the sworn statements of individuals. While falsehood and corruption prevail among all + classes of the community so extensively as they now do, it is useless to claim that + decisions based upon human testimony are always or generally correct. Perjury is as + rife as ever, and works as much wrong as ever. To a conscientious judge, like Judge + Pitman, "the investigation of a mass of tangled facts and conflicting testimony" + cannot but be wearisome, as he says it is; and, in many cases, the sense of + responsibility "cannot but be oppressive;" but he has so often repeated a + <i>dictum</i> of Lord Redesdale that he must be presumed to have found solace in + it—"it is more important that an end be put to litigation, than that justice + should be done in every case." There is truth in that <i>dictum</i>; but, like other + truths, it has often been abused, especially by incompetent or lazy or drowsy judges. + More unfortunate suitors have suffered as martyrs to that truth than the judges who + jauntily "cast" them would admit.</p> + <p>Judges may do their best; juries may do their best; they will often fall into + error; and instead of glorifying themselves or the system of which they are a part, + it would be more modest in them to say, "We are unprofitable servants." Not many + judges have been great enough to say, "I know I sometimes err," but some have said + it. The lamented Judge Colt said it publicly more than once, and the admission + raised, rather than lowered, him in the general esteem. When he died the voice of the + bar and of the people said, "Other judges have been revered, but we loved Judge + Colt."</p> + <p>Massachusetts gives her litigants the choice of a forum. All trials in civil + causes are by the courts alone, unless one party or the other claims a jury. If the + reader has a case of much complexity, either with respect to the facts, or with + respect to the law, perhaps he would like to have our opinion as to which is the + better forum. The answer is the same that was given by one who lived at the parting + of the ways, to a weary traveller who inquired which fork of the road he should take: + "Both are full of snags, quagmires and pitfalls. No matter which you take, before you + reach the end of your journey you will wish you had taken the other." In the trial by + jury, and in the trial by the court, just as in the trial by ordeal, and in the trial + by battle in the days of old, the element of chance is of the first magnitude</p> + <a name="page174" id="page174"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 174]</span> + <hr /> + <h2>PUBLISHERS' DEPARTMENT.</h2> + <center> + SENEFELDER, THE INVENTOR OF LITHOGRAPHY AND CHROMO-LITHOGRAPHY.—HIS ART IN + BOSTON DEVELOPED BY L. PRANG & CO.—COLOR-PRINTING ON SATIN, ETC. + </center> + <p>A century ago the world knew nothing of the art of lithography; color-printing was + confined to comparatively crude products from wooden blocks, most of which were + hardly equal to the Japanese fan pictures now familiar to all of us. The year 1799 + gave us a new invention which was destined to revolutionize reproductive art and add + immensely to the means for education, culture and enjoyment.</p> + <p>Alois Senefelder, born 1771, at Prague (Austria), started life with writing plays, + and too poor to pay a printer, he determined to invent a process of his own which + should serve to print his manuscript without dependence upon the (to him) too costly + types.</p> + <p>A born inventor, this Alois Senefelder, a genius, supported by boundless hope, + immense capability for hard, laborious work, and an indomitable energy; he started + with the plan of etching his writings in relief on metal plates, to take impressions + therefrom by means of rollers. He found the metal too costly for his experiments; and + limestone slabs from the neighboring quarries—he living then in + Munich—were tried as a substitute. Although partly successful in this + direction, he continued through years of hard, and often disappointing trials, to + find something more complete. He hit upon the discovery that a printed sheet of paper + (new or old) moistened with a thin solution of gum Arabic would, when dabbled over + printers' ink, accept the ink from the dabbler only on its printed parts and remain + perfectly clean in the blank spaces, so that a facsimile impression could be taken + from this inked-in sheet. He found that this operation might be repeated until the + original print gave out by wear. Here was a new discovery, based on the properties of + attraction and repulsion between fatty matters (printers ink), and the watery + solution of gum Arabic. The extremely delicate nature of the paper matrix was a + serious drawback, and had to be overcome. The slabs of limestone which served + Senefelder in a previous emergency were now recurred to by him as an absorbent + material similar to paper, and a trial by making an impression from his + above-mentioned paper matrix on the stone, and subsequent gumming, convinced him that + he was correct in his surmise. By this act lithography became an established + fact.</p> + <p>A few short years of intelligent experimenting revealed to him all the + possibilities of this new discovery. Inventions of processes followed each other + closely until in 1818 he disclosed to the world in a volume of immortal interest not + only a complete history of his invention and his processes, but also a reliable + description of the same for others to follow. Nothing really new except + photo-lithography has been added to this charming art since that time; improvement + only by manual skill and by chemical progress, can be claimed by others.</p> + <p>Chromo-lithography (printing in colors from stone) was experimented on by <a + name="page175" id="page175"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 175]</span> the great + inventor. He outlined its possibilities by saying, that he verily believed that + printed pictures like paintings would sometimes be made thereby, and whoever has seen + the productions of our Boston firm, L. Prang & Co., will bear him out in the + verity of his prediction.</p> + <p>When Prang touched this art in 1856 it was in its infancy in this country. Stray + specimens of more or less merit had been produced, especially by Martin Thurwanger + (pen work) and Fabronius (crayon work), but much was left to be perfected. A little + bunch of roses to embellish a ladies' magazine just starting in Boston, was the first + work with which the firm occupied its single press. Crude enough it was, but + diligence and energy soon developed therefrom the works which have astonished not + only this country but even Europe, and the firm, which took thereby the lead in their + speciality of art reproduction in color, has succeeded in keeping it ever since from + year to year without one faltering step, until there is no single competitor in the + civilized world to dispute its mastery. This is something to be proud of, not only + for the firm in question, but even for the country at large, and to crown its + achievements, the firm of L. Prang & Co. have this year made, apart from their + usual wonderful variety of original Christmas cards and other holiday art prints, a + reproduction of a flower piece of the celebrated Belgian flower painter, Jean Robie, + and printed it on satin by a process invented and patented by Mr. Prang. For + truthfulness as a copy this print challenges the admiration of our best artists and + connoisseurs. The gorgeous work as it lies before our eyes seems to us to be as + perfect as if it left the very brush of the master, and even in close comparison with + the original it does not lose an iota of its charms.</p> + <p>Of the marvellous excellence of this, the latest achievement of this remarkable + house, thousands who visited the late exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable + Mechanic's Association and saw Messrs. L. Prang & Co.'s, extensive exhibit, can + bear witness. Everybody who looked at the two pictures, the original masterpiece by + Robie and its reproduction by Prang, side by side, was puzzled to distinguish which + was which, many pointing to the reproduction as the better, and in their eyes, + therefore as the original picture. The same was true with regard to many more of this + justly celebrated firm's reproductions, which they did not hesitate to exhibit, + alongside of the original paintings. Altogether, their exhibit with its large + collection of elegant satin prints, its studies for artists, its historical feature, + showing the enormous development of the firm's work since 1856, its interesting + illustration by successive printings of how their pictures are made, and its + instructive and artistic arrangement of their collection, made it one of the most + attractive features of the fair.</p> + <p>What more can we say but that we are proud ourselves of this achievement within + our city limits; it cannot fail to increase the fame our beloved Boston as a town of + masters in thought and art. Honor to the firm of L. Prang & Co.</p> + <a name="page176" id="page176"></a><span class="pagenum">[pg 176]</span> + <hr /> + <h2>NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS.</h2> + <p>THE VOYAGE OF THE "VIVIAN" to the North Pole and Beyond, or Adventures of Two + Youths in the Open Polar sea. By COLONEL THOMAS W. KNOX, the author of "The Boy + Travellers in the Far East," "The Young Nimrods," etc. Illustrated; 8vo.; cloth, $3. + Harper & Brothers, New York.</p> + <p>A fascinating story for boys, into which is woven by the graceful pen of the + author the history of Arctic exploration for centuries past. The young readers who + have followed the "Boy Travellers in the Far East" will welcome this addition to the + literature of adventure and travel.</p> + <hr class="short" /> + <p>LITTLE PEOPLE OF THE AIR, By the authors of "Little Playfellows." Illustrated; + 8vo., $1. D. Lothrop & Co., Boston.</p> + <p>A series of pretty stories of feathered songsters, for little men and women, alike + interesting to the young and children of an older growth.</p> + <hr class="short" /> + <p>POLITICS FOR YOUNG AMERICANS. By CHARLES NORDHOFF, author of "The Communistic + Societies of the United States," etc. Popular edition; paper, 12mo., 400. Harper and + Brothers, New York.</p> + <p>A series of essays in the form of letters, calculated to instruct the youth of + this country in their duty as American citizens.</p> + <hr class="short" /> + <p>A PERILOUS SECRET. By CHARLES READE. Cloth, 12mo.; 75 cents. Harper and Brothers, + New York.</p> + <p>This volume forms one of Harper's Household editions of the works of this popular + novelist.</p> + <hr class="short" /> + <p>THE ICE QUEEN. By ERNEST INGERSOLL, author of "Friends Worth Knowing," "Knocking + Around the Rockies," etc. Illustrated; Cloth, 16mo., $1. Harper and Brothers, New + York.</p> + <p>A story for boys and girls of the adventures of a small party storm-bound in + winter, on a desolate island in Lake Erie.</p> + <hr class="short" /> + <p>GOD AND THE FUTURE LIFE; or the Reasonableness of Christianity. By CHARLES + NORDHOFF, author of "Politics for Young Americans," etc. 16mo., cloth, $1. Harper and + Brothers, New York.</p> + <p>Paley's "Natural Theology," familiar to students, is supplemented by this volume, + which brings the argument down to the present developement of science. It is a book + for thoughtful men and women, whose faith in the immortality of the soul needs + strengthening.</p> + <hr class="short" /> + <p>MOTHERS IN COUNCIL. 16mo., cloth, $1. Harper and Brothers, New York.</p> + <p>A series of essays and discussions of value to the family circle, teaching how + sons can be brought up to be good husbands, and daughters to be contented and useful + old maids, and many other valuable lessons.</p> + <hr class="short" /> + <p>GOOD STORIES. By CHARLES READE, 16mo., cloth, $1. Harper and Brothers, New + York.</p> + <p>These short stories by Mr. Reade, some of which have appeared from time to time in + the Bazar, are here gathered in one volume. They are "The History of an Acre," "The + Knightsbridge Mystery," "Single Heart and Double Face," and many others.</p> + <hr class="short" /> + <p>I SAY NO; or, the Love Letter Answered. By WILKIE COLLINS; 16mo., cloth,$1. Harper + and Brothers, New York.</p> + <p>The announcement that a new novel from the pen of Mr. Collins has appeared is + enough to insure a large and steady demand for it.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + <div class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a> <b>Footnote 1</b>: (<a + href="#footnotetag1">return</a>) + <p><i>The Churchman</i>.</p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a> <b>Footnote 2</b>: (<a + href="#footnotetag2">return</a>) + <p>From a genealogical memoir of the Lo-Lathrop family, by Rev. E.B. Huntington, + 1884.</p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a> <b>Footnote 3</b>: (<a + href="#footnotetag3">return</a>) + <p>Rec. Alonzo H. Quint, D.D. in <i>Granite Monthly</i>.</p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote4" name="footnote4"></a> <b>Footnote 4</b>: (<a + href="#footnotetag4">return</a>) + <p>Rev. Dr. Quint.</p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote5" name="footnote5"></a> <b>Footnote 5</b>: (<a + href="#footnotetag5">return</a>) + <p>Rev. Dr. Quint.</p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote6" name="footnote6"></a> <b>Footnote 6</b>: (<a + href="#footnotetag6">return</a>) + <p><i>The Paper World</i>.</p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote7" name="footnote7"></a> <b>Footnote 7</b>: (<a + href="#footnotetag7">return</a>) + <p>"Les Colosses anciens et moderns," par E. Lesbazeilles; Paris: 1881.</p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote8" name="footnote8"></a> <b>Footnote 8</b>: (<a + href="#footnotetag8">return</a>) + <p><i>Vide</i> papers by Clarence Cook in The Studio, and by Professor D. Cady + Eaton of Yale College in the New York Tribune.</p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote9" name="footnote9"></a> <b>Footnote 9</b>: (<a + href="#footnotetag9">return</a>) + <p>Copyright, 1884, by Frances C. Sparhawk. All rights reserved.</p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote10" name="footnote10"></a> <b>Footnote 10</b>: (<a + href="#footnotetag10">return</a>) + <p>N.A. Review, No. CCCIV, March, 1882.</p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote11" name="footnote11"></a> <b>Footnote 11</b>: (<a + href="#footnotetag11">return</a>) + <p>Stephen's History of the Criminal Law, 568.</p> + </div> + + <div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13864 ***</div> +</body> +</html> + |