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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/13822-0.txt b/13822-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f682944 --- /dev/null +++ b/13822-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2014 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13822 *** + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 26.] SATURDAY, APRIL 27, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * {409} + + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- + Nicholas Breton, by the Rev. T. Corser. 409 + Notes upon Cunningham's London, by E.F. Rimbault, + LL.D. 410 + Notes on the Dodo, by H.E. Strickland. 410 + Derivation of "Sterling" and "Penny." 411 + Hanno's Periplus, by S.W. Singer. 412 + Folk Lore:--Cook-eels--Divination by Bible and Key--Weather + Proverb. 412 + Bibliographical Notes, by E.F. Rimbault, LL.D. 413 + Pope, Petronius, and his Translators, by A. Rich, Jun. 414 + +QUERIES:-- + When were Umbrellas introduced into England? by + E.F. Rimbault, LL.D. 414 + Minor Queries:--Duke of Marlborough--"M. or N."--Song + of the Bees--William Godwin--Regimental + Badges--Mother of Thomas à Becket--Swords worn + in public--Emblem and National Motto of Ireland--Latin + Distich--Verbum Græcum--Pope Felix--"Where England's + Monarch." 415 + +REPLIES:-- + Gray's Alcaic Ode. 416 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Chapels--Beaver--Poins + and Bardolph--God tempers the Wind--Sterne's + Koran--Lollius--Bishop Ryder--Brown Study--Seven + Champions--Tempora mutantur, &c.--Vox Populi Vox + Dei--Cuckoo--Ancient Tiles--Daysman--Safeguard--Finkel--Gourders + of Rain--Urbanus Regius--Horns--_The_ or _A_ Temple--Ecclestiastical + Year--Paying through the Nose--Quem Deus--Shrew--Zenobia--Cromwell's + Estates--Vox et præterea Nihil--Law of Horses--Christ's + Hospital--Tickhill, God help me! 417 + +MISCELLANIES:-- + MSS. of Casaubon--Latin Epigram--"Nec pluribus + impar"--Close Translation--St. Antholin's Parish + Books. 422 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 423 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted. 423 + Notices to Correspondents. 423 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES + +NICHOLAS BRETON. + +Like Mr. COLLIER (No. 23. p. 364.), I have for many years felt "a +peculiar interest about Nicholas Breton," and an anxious desire to learn +something more of him, not only from being a sincere lover of many of +his beautiful lyrical and pastoral poems, as exhibited in _England's +Helicon_, _Davison's Poetical Rhapsodie_, and other numerous works of +his own, and from possessing several pieces of his which are not +generally known, but also from my intimate connection with the parish in +which he is supposed to have lived and died. From this latter +circumstance, especially, I had been most anxious to connect his name +with Norton, and have frequently cast a reverential and thoughtful eye +on the simple monument which has been supposed to record his name; +hoping, yet not without doubts, that some evidence would still be found +which would prove it to be really that of the poet. It was therefore +with the utmost pleasure that I read Mr. Collier's concluding paragraph, +that he is "in possession of undoubted proof that he was the Nicholas +Breton whose epitaph is on the chancel-wall of the church of Norton in +Northamptonshire." + +It seems strange that, notwithstanding the number and variety of his +writings, the length of time he was before the public, and the +estimation in which he was held by his contemporaries, so little should +be known concerning Breton, and the circumstances of his life be still +involved in such great obscurity. In looking over his various +publications, it is remarkable how little is to be gleaned in the +preliminary prefixes which relate to his own personal history, and how +very rarely he touches on any thing referring to himself. There is a +plaintive and melancholy strain running through many of his works, and I +am inclined to the opinion entertained by Sir Egerton Bridges and +others, that cares, and misfortunes, and continued disappointments had +brought on melancholy and despair, and that the plaintive and touching +nature of his writings were occasioned by real sorrows and sufferings. +This seems at variance with his being the purchaser of the manor and +lordship of Norton, and in the possession and enjoyment of this world's +goods. Thus in his _Auspicante Jehova Maries Exercise_, 8vo. 1597, one +of the rarest of his works, in the dedication to Mary, Countess of +Pembroke, speaking of his temporal condition, he remarks, "I have soncke +my fortune in the worlde, hauing only the light of vertue to leade my +hope unto Heauen:" and signs himself "Your La. sometime unworthy Poet, +and now, and ever poore Beadman, Nich. Breton." And the "Address" after +it is signed, "Your poore friend or servant N.B." I am aware that these +phrases are sometimes used in a figurative sense, but am disposed to +think that here they are intended for something real. And I am at a loss +how to reconcile these expressions of poverty with his being the +purchaser and enjoyer of such an estate. I shall wait, therefore, with +considerable anxiety till it may suit the pleasure or convenience {410} +of Mr. Collier to communicate to the world the proofs he has obtained of +the poet's identification with the Norton monument. I would, however, +further add, that so late as 1606, the Dedication to _the Praise of +Vertuous Ladies_ is dated "From my Chamber in the Blacke-Fryers," and +that not one of his later productions is dated from Norton, which +probably would have been the case had he been resident there. + +I regret that I am unable to afford Mr. Collier any information +respecting the "Crossing of Proverbs," beyond the fact of the late Mr. +Rodd being the purchaser of Mr. Heber's fragment, but whether on +commission or not, I cannot say, nor where it now is. The same kind of +proverbs are given in _Wit's Private Wealth_, 1603, and in some other of +his works. + +Nicholas Breton, besides being a pleasing and polished writer of lyric +and pastoral poetry, appears to have been a close and attentive observer +of nature and manners,--abounding in wit and humour,--and a pious and +religious man. He was also a soldier, a good fisherman, and a warm +admirer of Queen Elizabeth, of whom he gives a beautiful character in +"_A Dialogue full of pithe and pleasure, upon the Dignitie or Indignitie +of Man_," 4to., 1603, on the reverse of Sig. c. iii. + +As it is sometimes desirable to know where copies of the rarer +productions of a writer are to be met with, I may state, that among some +five or six-and-twenty of this author's pieces, besides the _Auspicante +Jehova Maries Exercise_, 8vo. 1597, already mentioned, of which I know +of no other copy than my own, I possess also the only one of _A small +handfull of Fragrant Flowers_, 8vo. 1575, and _A Floorish upon Fancie_, +4to. 1582, both reprinted in the Heliconia; _Marie Magdalen's Loue_, +with _A Solemne Passion of the Soules Loue_, 8vo. 1595, the first part +in prose, the latter in six-line stanzas, and very rare; _Fantastics: +seruing for a Perpetual Prognostication_, 4to. 1626; and _Wit's +Trenchmour, In a conference had betwixt a Scholler and an Angler. +Written by Nich. Breton, Gentleman_, 4to. bl. lett. 1597, the only copy +known and not included in Lowndes's list, which, from the style of its +composition and the similarity of some of the remarks, is supposed to +have been the original work from which Izaac Walton first took the idea +of his _Complete Angler_. + +THOMAS CORSER. +Stand Rectory, April 16. 1850. + + * * * * * + +NOTES UPON CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK FOR LONDON. + +_Baldwin's Gardens._--A passage upon the east side of Gray's Inn Lane, +leading into Leather Lane. Tom Brown dates some introductory verses, +prefixed to Playford's _Pleasant Musical Companion_, 1698, "from Mr. +Steward's, at the Hole-in-the-Wall, in _Baldwin's Gardens_." There is +extant a single sheet with an engraved head, published by J. Applebee, +1707, and called,-- + + "The English and French Prophets mad, or bewitcht, at their + assemblies in _Baldwin's Gardens_." + +A Letter of Anthony Wood's, in the writer's collection, is thus +addressed:-- + + "For John Aubrey, Esq. To be left at Mr. Caley's house, in + _Baldwin's Gardens_, neare Gray's Inne Lane, London." + +_The White Hart, Bishopsgate Street._--A tavern said to be of very +ancient date. In front of the present building, the writer of the +present notice observed (in 1838) the date cut in stone, 1480. + +_The Nag's Head, Cheapside._--A view of this tavern is preserved in a +print of the entry of Mary de Medici, when she paid a visit to her +son-in-law and daughter, the unfortunate Charles I. and his queen. + +_St. Paul's Alley._-- + + "Whereas, the yearly meeting of the name of Adam hath of late, + through the deficiency of the last stewards, been neglected, + these are to give notice to all gentlemen, and others that are + of that name, that, at William Adams', commonly called 'The + Northern Alehouse,' in _St. Paul's Alley_, in St. Paul's Church + Yard, there will be a weekly meeting, every Monday night, of our + namesakes, between the hours of 6 and 8 of the clock in the + evening, in order to choose stewards to revive our antient and + annual feast."--_Domestic Intelligence_, 1681. + +_St. Paul's Churchyard._-- + + "In St. Paul's Church Yard were formerly many shops where music + and musical instruments were sold, for which, at this time, no + better reason can be given than that the service at that + Cathedral drew together, twice a day, all the lovers of music in + London; not to mention that the chairmen were wont to assemble + there, where they were met by their friends and acquaintance."-- + _Sir John Hawkins' History of Music_, vol. v. p. 108. + +_The French Change, Soho._--A place so called in the reign of Queen +Anne. Gough, in a MS. note, now before us, thought it stood on the site +of the present bazaar. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +NOTES ON THE DODO. + +I have to thank "Mr. S.W. SINGER" (No. 22. p. 353.) for giving some +interesting replies to my "Dodo Queries" (No. 17. p. 261.). I trust that +Mr. S. will be induced to pursue the inquiry further, and especially to +seek for some _Portuguese_ account of the Mascarene Islands, prior to +the Dutch expedition of 1598. I am now able to state that the supposed +proof of the discovery of Bourbon by the Portuguese in 1545, on the +authority of a stone pillar, the figure of which Leguat has copied {411} +from Du Qesne, who copied it from Flacourt, turns out to be inaccurate. +On referring to Flacourt's _Histoire de la Grande Isle Madagascar_, +4to., Paris, 1658, p. 344, where the original figure of this monument is +given, I find that the stone was not found in Bourbon at all, but in +"l'Islet des Portugais," a small island at the mouth of the river +Fanshere (see Flacourt, p. 32.), near the S.E. extremity of Madagascar. +From this place Flacourt removed it to the neighbouring settlement of +Fort Dauphin in 1653, and engraved the arms of France on the opposite +side to those of Portugal. We are therefore still without any historical +record of the first discovery of Bourbon and Mauritius, though, from the +unanimous consent of later compilers, we may fairly presume that the +Portuguese were the discoverers. + +The references which Mr. Singer has given to two works which mention the +_Oiseau bleu_ of Bourbon, are very important, as the only other known +authority for this extinct bird is the MS. Journal of Sieur D.B., which +thus receives full confirmation. May I ask Mr. Singer whether either of +these writers mentions the _Solitaire_ as inhabiting Bourbon? + +The "Oiseaux appelez _Flamands_" quoted by Mr. S., are merely +_Flamingos_, and are devoid of interest as regards the present question. + +The history of the Dodo's head at Copenhagen, referred to by Mr. Singer, +is fully recorded in the _Dodo and its Kindred_, pp. 25. 33. + +The name _Dodo_ seems to have been first applied to the bird by Sir +Thomas Herbert, in 1634, who adds, in his edition of 1638, "a Portuguese +name it is, and has reference to her simpleness." Before that time the +Dutch were in the habit of calling it _Dodars_, _Dodaers_, _Toters_, and +_Dronte_. I had already made the same guesses at the etymology of these +words as those which Mr. Singer has suggested, but not feeling fully +satisfied with them, I put forth my Query VII. for the chance of +obtaining some further elucidation. + +Mr. Singer's reasonings on the improbability of Tradescant's specimen of +the Dodo having been a fabrication are superfluous, seeing that the head +and foot of this individual are, as is well known, still in existence, +and form the subjects of six plates in the _Dodo and its Kindred_. + +In regard to my Query IX. as to the local habitation of the family of +_Dronte_, who bore a Dodo on their shield, it has been suggested to me +by the Rev. Richard Hooper (who first drew my attention to this armorial +bearing), that the family was probably foreign to Britain. It appears +that there was a family named _Dodo_, in Friesland, a member of which +(Augustin Dodo, deceased in 1501) was the first editor of St. +Augustine's works. Mr. Hooper suggests that possibly this family may +have subsequently adopted the Dodo as their arms, and that Randle Holme +may, by a natural mistake, have changed the name of the family, in his +_Academy of Armory_, from _Dodo_ to the synonymous word _Dronte_. Can +none of your genealogical readers clear up this point? + +H.E. Strickland. + + * * * * * + +DERIVATION OF "STERLING" AND "PENNY". + +Your correspondent suggests (No. 24. p. 384.) an ingenious derivation +for the word _Sterling_; but one which perhaps he has been too ready to +adopt, inasmuch as it helped his other derivation of _peny_, from +_pecunia_ or _pecus_. I quote the following from _A short Treatise +touching Sheriff's Accompts_, by Sir Matthew Hale: London, 1683: + + "Concerning the second, _viz._ the matter or species whereof the + current coin of this kingdom hath been made, it is gold or + silver, but not altogether pure, but with an allay of copper, at + least from the time of King H. I. and H. II., though possibly in + ancienter times the species whereof the coin was made might be + pure gold or silver; and this allay was that which gave the + denomination of Sterling to that coin, _viz._ Sterling Gold, or + Sterling Silver. Wherein there will be inquirable, + + "1. Whence that denomination came? + + "2. How ancient that denomination was? + + "3. What was the allay that gave silver that denomination? + + "For the former of these there are various conjectures, and + nothing of certainty. + + "_Spelman_ supposeth it to take that denomination from the + Esterlings, who, as he supposeth, came over and reformed our + coin to that allay. Of this opinion was _Camden. A Germanis, + quos Angli_ Esterlings, _aborientali situ, vocarunt, facta est + appellatio; quos_ Johannes _Rex, ad argentum in suam puritatem + redigendam, primus evocavit; et ejus modi nummi_ Esterlingi, _in + antiquis scripturis semper reperiuntur_. Some suppose that it + might be taken up from the _Starre Judæorum_, who, being the + great brokers for money, accepted and allowed money of that + allay for current payment of their stars or obligations; others + from the impression of a starling, or an asterisk upon the coin. + _Pur ceo que le form d'un Stare, dont le diminutive est + Sterling, fuit impressit on stamp sur ceo. Auters pur ceo que le + primer de cest Standard fuit coyn en le Castle de Sterlin in_ + Scotland _pur le Roy_ Edw. I. And possibly as the proper name of + the fourth part of a Peny was called a Farthing, ordinarily a + Ferling; so in truth the proper name of a Peny in those times + was called a Sterling, without any other reason of it than the + use of the times and arbitrary imposition, as other names + usually grow. For the old Act of 51 H. III., called _Compositio + Mensurarum_, tells us that _Denarius Anglice Sterlingus + dicitur_; and because this was the root of the measure, + especially of Silver Coin, therefore all our Coin of the same + allay was also called Sterling, as five Shillings Sterling, five + Pounds Sterling. + + "When this name of Sterling came first in is uncertain, only we + are certain it was a denomination in use in the time of H. III. + or Ed. I. and after ages. But it was not in use at the time of + the compiling of {412} Doomsday, for if it were we should have + found it there where there is so great occasion of mention of + Firmes, Rents, and Payments. Hovended in _Rich. I fol. 377. b._ + Nummus _a_ Numa, _que fuit le primer Roy que fesoit moneies en_ + Rome. _Issint Sterlings, alias Esterlings, queux primes fesoient + le money de cest Standard en_ Engleterre."--_Sheriffs' + Accompts_, p. 5-9. + +So much for the derivation of _Sterling_, which evidently applied +originally to the metal rather than to a coin. May I be allowed to +hazard a suggestion as to the origin of _peny_, its synonym? They were +each equivalent to the Denarius. + + "_Denarius Angliæ, qui nominatur Sterlingus, rotundus sine + tonsura, ponderabit 32 grana in medio spicæ. Sterlingus et + Denarius sont tout un. Le Shilling consistoit de 12 sterlings. + Le substance de cest denier ou sterling peny al primes fuit + vicessima pars unicæ._"--_Indentures of the Mint_, Ed. I and VI. + +May we not derive it from Denarius by means of either a typographical or +clerical error in the initial letter. This would at once give a new +name--the very thing they were in want of--and we may very easily +understand its being shortened into Penny. + +G. +Milford, April 15. + + * * * * * + +HANNO'S PERIPLUS. + +"Mr. Hampson" has served the cause of truth in defending Hanno and the +Carthaginians from the charge of cruelty, brought against them by Mr. +Attorney-General Bannister. A very slender investigation of the bearings +of the narration would have prevented it. I know not how Dr. Falconer +deals with it, not having his little volume at hand; but in so common a +book as the _History of Maritime Discovery_, which forms part of +Lardner's _Cabinet Cyclopædia_, it is stated that these _Gorillæ_ were +probably some species of _ourang-outang_. Purchas says they might be the +_baboons_ or _Pongos_ of those parts. + +The amusing, and always interesting, Italian, Hakluyt, in the middle of +the sixteenth century, gives a very good version of the [Greek: ANNONOS +PERIPLOUS], with a preliminary discourse, which would also have +undeceived Mr. Bannister, had he been acquainted with it, and prevented +Mr. Hampson's pleasant exposure of his error. + +Ramusio says, "Seeing that in the Voyage of Hanno there are many parts +worthy of considerate attention, I have judged that it would be highly +gratifying to the studious if I were here to write down a few extracts +from certain memoranda which I formerly noted on hearing a respectable +Portugese pilot, in frequent conversations with the Count Raimondo della +Torre, at Venice, illustrate this Voyage of Hanno, when read to him, +from his own experience." There are, of course, some erroneous notions +in the information of the pilot, and in the deductions made from it by +Ramusio; but the former had the sagacity to see the truth respecting +this _Gorgon Island full of hairy men and women_. I will not spoil the +_naïveté_ of the narration by attempting a translation; merely premising +that he judged the Island to be that of Fernando Po. + + "E tutta la descrittione de questo Capitano era simile a quella + per alcun Scrittore Greci, quale parlande dell' isola delle + Gorgone, dicono quella esser un isola in mezzo d'una palude. E + conciacosa che havea inteso che li poeti dicevan le Gorgone + esser femine terribili, però scrisse che le erano pelose.... Ma + a detto pilotto pareva più verisimile di pensare, che havendo + Hannone inteso ne'i libri de' poeti come Perseo era stato per + ære a questa isola, e di quivi reportata la testa di Medusa, + essendo egli ambitioso di far creder al mondo che lui vi fasse + audato per mare; e dar riputation a questo suo viaggio, di esser + penetrato fuio dove era stato Perseo; volesse portar due pelli + di Gorgone, e dedicarla nel tempio di Ginnone. Il che li fu + facil cosa da fare, conciosia cosa che IN TUTTA QUELLA COSTA SI + TRUOVINO INFINITE DI QUELLE SIMIE GRANDE, CHE FARENO PERSONE + HUMANE, DELLE BABUINE, le pelle delle quali poteva far egli + credere ad ogniuno che fussero state di femine." + +Gopelin, also, in his _Recherches sur la Géographie des Anciens_, +speaking of this part of Hanno's voyage, says: + + "Hanno encountered a troop of _Ourang-outangs_, which he took + for savages, because these animals walk erect, often having a + staff in their hands to support themselves, as well as for + attack or defence; and they throw stones when they are pursued. + They are the Satyrs and the Argipani with which Pliny says Atlas + was peopled. It would be useless to say more on this subject, as + it is avowed _by all the modern commentators of the Periplus_." + +The relation we have is evidently only an abridgment or summary made by +some Greek, studious of Carthaginian affairs, long subsequent to the +time of Hanno; and judging from a passage in Pliny (I. ii. c. 67.), it +appears that the ancients were acquainted with other extracts from the +original, yet, though its authenticity has been doubted by Strabo and +others, there seems to be little reason to question that it is a correct +_outline_ of the voyage. That the Carthaginians were oppressors of the +people they subjugated may be probable; yet we must not, on such slender +grounds as this narration affords, presume that they would wantonly kill +and flay _human beings_ to possess themselves of their skins! + +S.W. Singer +April 10. 1850. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Cook-eels._--Forby derives this from _coquille_, in allusion to their +being fashioned like an escallop, in which sense he is borne out by +Cotgrave, who has "_Pain coquillé_, a fashion of an hard-crusted loafe, +somewhat like our stillyard bunne." I have always taken the word to be +"coquerells," from {413} the vending of such buns at the barbarous sport +of "throwing at the cock" on Shrove Tuesday. The cock is still commonly +called a cockerell in E. Anglia. Perhaps Mr. Wodderspoon will say +whether the buns of the present day are fashioned in any particular +manner, or whether any "the oldest inhabitant" has any recollection of +their being differently fashioned or at all impressed. What, too, are +the "_stillyard buns_" of Cotgrave? Are they tea-cakes? The apartment in +which tea was formerly made was called the _still_-room. + +Buriensis. + + +_Divination by the Bible and Key._--This superstition is very prevalent +amongst the peasantry of this and adjoining parishes. When any article +is suspected to have been stolen, a Bible is procured, and opened at the +1st chap. of Ruth: the stock of a street-door key is then laid on the +16th verse of the above chapter, and the key is secured in this position +by a string, bound tightly round the book. The person who works the +charm then places his two middle fingers under the handle of the key, +and this keeps the Bible suspended. He then repeats in succession the +names of the parties suspected of the theft; repeating at each name a +portion of the verse on which the key is placed, commencing, "Whither +thou goest, I will go," &c. When the name of the guilty is pronounced, +the key turns off the fingers, the Bible falls to the ground, and the +guilt of the party is determined. The belief of some the more ignorant +of the lower orders in this charm is unbounded. I have seen it practiced +in other counties, the key being laid over the 5th verse of the 19th +chap. of Proverbs, instead of the 1st chap. of Ruth. + +David Stevens. +Godalming, April 11. 1850. + + [In Brand's _Popular Antiquities_ (ed. Ellis). vol. iii. 188-9, + it is stated that the key is placed upon the 50th Psalm.] + + +_Weather Proverb._--Weather proverbs are among the most curious portions +of popular literature. That foul or fair weather is betokened according +as the rainbow is seen in the morning or evening, is recorded in the +following German "saw," which is nearly identical with our well-known +English Proverb: + + Regenbogen am Morgen + Macht dem Schäfer sorgen; + Regenbogen am Abend + Ist dem Schäfer labend. + +In Mr. Akerman's recently published volume called _Spring Tide_, a +pleasant intermixture of fly-fishing and philology, we have a Wiltshire +version of this proverb, curious for its old Saxon language and its +comparatively modern allusion to a "great coat" in the third and sixth +lines, which must be interpolations. + + "The Rainbow in th' marnin' + Gies the Shepherd warning' + To car' his girt cwoat on his back + The Rainbow at night + Is the Shepherd's delight, + For then no girt cwoat he lack." + +No one, we believe, has yet remarked the philosophy of this saying; +namely that in the morning the rainbow is seen in the clouds in the +west, the quarter from which we get most rain, and of course, in the +evening, in the opposite quarter of the heavens. + +William J. Thoms. + + * * * * * + +BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. + +1. A pleasant Dialogue between a Soldier of Barwicke and an English +Chaplain; wherein are largely handed such reasons as are brought in for +maintenance of Popish traditions in our English Church. 8vo. _circa_ +1581. + +This work is frequently attributed to Barnaby Rich; but from Bancroft's +_Dangerous Positions_, p. 42, the author is ascertained to have been +Anthony Gilby. + +2. The Trumpet of Fame; or Sir Francis Drake's and Sir John Hawkin's +Farewell: with an encouragement to all Sailors and Souldiers that are +minded to go in this worthie enterprise, &c. 12mo. London, by T. Creede, +1595. + +This poetical tract is of the greatest rarity, and was unknown to Ames, +Herbert, Warton and Ritson. A MS. note, in a contemporary hand, says the +author was one Henry Roberts, whose initials are appended to the work. + +3. The Mastive, or Young Whelpe of the Olde Dogge. Epigrams and Satyrs, +by H.P. 4to. London, by T. Creede, _circa_ 1600. + +As an Epigram in this collection also appears in Henry Peacham's +_Minerva Britanna_, with a slight variation, it is fair to surmise that +he was the author of this very rare volume, in preference to Henry +Parrott. + +4. Pasquil's Jests, mixed with Mother Bunch's Merriments. Whereunto is +added a dozen of Gulles. Pretty and pleasant to drive away the +tediousnesse of a winter's evening. 4to. 1608. + +In the _British Bibliographer_, vol i., may be seen an account of the +edition of 1609, with extracts from it, and a statement that "an earlier +edition is without the Gulls." The present copy (which passed through my +hands some years ago), although earlier, has the Gulls. + +5. Holie Historie of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ's Nativitie, +Life, Actes, Miracles, Doctrine, Death, Passion, Resurrection, and +Ascension. Gathered into English Meeter, and published to withdraw all +vajne wits from all unsaverie and wicked rimes and fables &c. 12mo. +London, by R. Field, 1594. + +Ames and Herbert say this book was written by _Henry_ Holland; but the +author's name {414} was Robert Holland. It is not mentioned by Warton. + +6. News from the Stars; or, Erra Pater's Ghost, by Meriton Latroon. +12mo. 1673. + +"Richard Head, a broken bookseller, and the author of the _English +Rogue_, writ this. He turned Papist, and in his voyage to Spain was +drowned."--_MS. note in a contemporary hand._ + +Edward F. Rimbault. + + * * * * * + +POPE, PETRONIUS, AND HIS TRANSLATORS. + +The vindication of Pope from the charge of borrowing his well-known +sentiment--"_Worth_ makes a man," &c.--from Petronius, is not so +completely made out by "P.C.S.S." as it might be; for surely there is a +sufficient similitude of idea, if not of expression, between the couplet +of Pope and the sentence of Petronius, as given in all four of the +translations cited by him (No. 23. p. 362.)--"The _heart_ makes the +man," &c.--to warrant a notion that the one was suggested by the other. +But the surmise of plagiarism originates in a misconception of the terms +employed by the Latin author--_virtus_, _frugalitas_, and more +especially _corcillum_,--which have been misunderstood by every one of +these translators. _Virtus_ is applied to mental as well as bodily +superiority (_Cic. Fin._ v. 13.).--The sense in which _frugalitas_ is +employed by Petronius may be collected from a preceding passage in the +same chapter, where Trimalchio calls his pet _puerum frugalissimum_--a +very _clever_ lad--as he explains the epithet by adding that "he can +read at sight, repeat from memory, cast up accounts, and turn a penny to +his own profit." _Corcillum_ is a diminutive of _corculum_ (like +_oscillum_, from _osculum_), itself a diminutive of _cor_, which word, +though commonly put for "the heart," is also used by the best authors, +Lucretius, Horace, Terence, &c, in the same sense as our _wit_, +_wisdom_, _intellect_. The entire passage, if correctly translated, +might then be expressed as follows: + + "The time has been, my friends, when I myself was no better off + than you are; but I gained my present position solely by my own + talents (_virtute_). Wit (_corcillum_) makes the man--(or, + literally, It is wisdom that makes men of us)--everything else + is worthless lumber. I buy in the cheapest and sell in the + dearest market. But, as I said before, my own shrewdness + (_frugalitas_) made my fortune. I came from Asia no taller than + that lamp stand; and used to measure my height against it day by + day, and grease my muzzle (_rostrum_) with oil from the lamp to + make a beard come." + +Then follow some additional examples of the youth's sagacity, not +adapted for translation, but equally instances of worldly wisdom. Thus +every one of the actions which Trimalchio enumerated as the causes of +his prosperity are emanations from the _head_, not the _heart_; the +results of a crafty intellect, not of moral feeling; so that the +sentiment he professes, instead of being similar to, is exactly the +reverse of that expressed by Pope. + +This explanation seems so satisfactory that we might be well contented +to rest here. But some MSS. have the reading _coricillum_ instead of +_corcillum_. If that be received as the genuine one, and some editors +prefer it, the interpretation above given will only be slightly +modified, but not destroyed, by the introduction of another image, the +essential point remaining the same. The insertion of a vowel, _i_, +precludes all connection with _cor_ and its diminutives, but suggests a +derivation from [Greek: korukos], dim. [Greek: korukion], a leathern +sack or bag, which, when well stuffed, the Greeks used to suspend in the +gymnasium, like the pendulum of a clock (as may be seem on a fictile +vase), to buffet to and fro with blows of the fist. The stuffed bag will +represent the human head on the end of its trunk; and the word may have +been a slang one of the day, or coined by the Asiatic Trimalchio, whose +general language is filled with provincial patois. The translation would +then be, in the familiar style of the original,--"The _noddle_ makes the +man," &c. + +Anthony Rich, Jun. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +WHEN WERE UMBRELLAS INTRODUCED INTO ENGLAND? + +Thomas Coryat, in his _Crudities_, vol. i. p. 134., gives us a curious +notice of the early use of the umbrella in Italy. Speaking of fans, he +says: + + "These fans are of a mean price, for a man may buy one of the + fairest of them for so much money as countervaileth one English + groat. Also many of them (the Italians) do carry other fine + things of a far greater price, that will cost at the least a + ducat, which they commonly call in the Italian tongue + _umbrellaes_, that is, things that minister shadow unto them for + shelter against the scorching heat of the sun. These are made of + leather, something answerable to the form of a little canopy, + and hooped in the inside with diverse little wooden hoops that + extend the _umbrella_ in a pretty large compass. They are used + especially by horsemen, who carry them in their hands when they + ride, fastening the end of the handle upon one of their thighs: + and they impart so long a shadow unto them, that it keepeth the + heat of the sun from the upper parts of their bodies." + +Lt.-Col. (afterwards Gen.) Wolfe, writing from Paris, in the year 1752, +says: + + "The people here use umbrellas in hot weather to defend them + from the sun, and something of the same kind to secure them from + snow and rain. I wonder a practice so useful is not introduced + in England, (where there are such frequent showers,) and + especially in the country, where they can be expanded without + any inconveniency." {415} + +Query, what is the date of the first introduction of the _umbrella_ into +England? + +Edward F. Rimbault + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Duke of Marlborough._--The Annual Register for the year 1758 (pp. +121-127.) contains an account of the circumstances connected with the +trial of one Barnard, son of a surveyor in Abingdon Buildings, +Westminster, on a charge of sending letters to the Duke of Marlborough, +threatening his life by means "too fatal to be eluded by the power of +physic," unless his grace "procured him a genteel support for his life." +The incidents are truly remarkable, pointing most suspiciously toward +Barnard; but he escaped. Can any of your readers refer me to where I can +find any further account or elucidation of this affair? + +Buriensis. + + +"_M. or N._"--Of what words are "M. or N." the initials? Vide the +answers to be given in the Church Catechism, and some of the occasional +offices in he liturgy. + +J.C. + + [It has been suggested that "M. or N." originated in a + misreading of "NOM," a contraction for "_nomen_." This is + certainly an ingenious explanation, though not a satisfactory + one.] + + +_Song of the Bees._--Who was the author of the lines under this title +beginning, + + "We watch for the light of the moon to break + and colour the grey eastern sky + With its blended hues of saffron and lake," &c. + +I have always understood them to be Dr. Aikin's, but latterly that has +been contradicted. + +Buriensis. + + +_William Godwin._--Can any of your correspondents tell me where I can +find an account of the leading events of the life of William Godwin, +author of _Caleb Williams, St. Leon, Mandeville_ &c., or any reference +to his last hours? His sentiments, political and religious, are said to +have been _peculiar_. + +N. +Woodbridge, April 15. + + +_Regimental Badges._--When were the regimental badges granted to the +first nine infantry corps of the line, and under what circumstances were +they so granted? + +J.C. +London, April 15. 1850. + + +_Mother of Thomas à Becket._--The well-known romantic legend of the +origin of this lady has been introduced into the _Pictorial History of +England_, on the authority of "Brompton in X. Scriptores." And on the +same page (552. vol. i.) is a pictorial representation of the "Baptism +of the Mother of Becket, from the Royal MS. 2 B. vii." + +Now, Lord Campbell, in his _Lives of the Chancellors_, repudiates the +story in toto; but without assigning any other reason for doing so, than +an inference from the silence of Becket himself and his secretary, +Fitzstephen, on the point. + +Can any of the learned gentlemen, whose distinguished names adorn your +valuable pages, direct an humble student to the fountain of truth, for +the settlement of this _verata questio_? + +W. Franks Mathews. +Kidderminster, April 7. 1850. + + +_Swords worn in public._--Can any of your correspondents say when swords +ceased to be worn as an article of ordinary dress, and whether the +practice was abolished by act of parliament, or that they gradually went +out of fashion. + +J.D.A. +April 17. 1850. + + +_Emblem and National Motto of Ireland._--How long has the _harp_ been +the emblem, and _Erin-go-bragh_ the national motto of Ireland? To this I +give another query,--What is the national motto of England? + +E.M.B. + + +_Latin Distich and Translation._--Who were the authors of the following +Latin Distich, and its English translation? + + "Mittitur in disco mihi piscis ab archiepisco-- + --Po non ponatur, quia potus non mihi datur." + "I had sent me a fish in a great dish by the archbish-- + --Hop is not here, for he gave me no beer." + +E.M.B. + + +_Verbum Græcum._--Who was the author of + + "Like the _verbum Græcum_ + Spermagoraiolekitholukanopolides, + Words that should only be said upon holidays, + When one has nothing else to do." + +The _verbum Græcum_ itself is in Aristophanes' _Lysistrata_, 457. + +E.M.B. + + +_Pope Felix._--Who is "Pope Felix," mentioned in Ælfric's _Homily on the +Birthday of St. Gregory_? Ælfric, in speaking of the ancestors of St. +Gregory, states that "_Felix_ se eawfaesta _papa_ waes his fifta +faeder,"--"Felix the pious pope was his fifth father," (i.e. great +grandfather's grandfather). + +E.M.B. +April 15. 1850. + + +"_Where England's Monarch," and "I'd preach as though._"--Will any of +your subscribers have the kindness to inform me who was the author of +the lines + + "Where England's monarch all uncovered sat + And Bradshaw bullied in a broad-brimm'd hat." + +And also of these, quoted by Henry Martyn as "well-known:" + + "I'd preach as though I ne'er should preach again, + I'd preach as dying unto dying men." + +H.G. +Milford, April 15. 1850. {416} + + +_Latin Epigram._--I should be much obliged to any of your readers who +can inform me who was the author and what is the date of the following +epigram. The peculiarity of it, your readers will observe, consists in +the fact, that while read directly it contains a strong compliment; yet +it is capable of being read backwards, still forming the same +description of verse, but conveying a perfect reverse of the +compliment:-- + + "Laus tua, non tua fraus; virtus non copia rerum, + Scandere te fecit hoc decus eximium, + Pauperibus tua das; nunquam stat janua clausa; + Fundere res quæris, nec tua multiplicas. + Conditio tua sit stabilis! non tempore parvo + Vivere te faciat hic Deus omnipotens." + +When reversed, it reads thus:-- + + "Omnipotens Deus hic faciat te vivere parvo + Tempore! Non stabilis sit tua conditio. + Multiplicas tua, nec quæris res fundere; clausa + Janua stat, nunquam das tua pauperibus. + Eximium decus hoc fecit te scandere rerum + Copia, non virtus; fraus tua, non tua laus." + +Any additional information would much oblige. + +O. +April 15. 1850. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES. + +GRAY'S ALCAIC ODE. + +Circumstances enable me to give a reply, which I believe will be found +correct, to the inquiry of "C.B." in p. 382. of your 24th Number, +"Whether Gray's celebrated Latin Ode is actually to be found entered at +the Grande Chartreuse?" The fact is, that the French Revolution--that +whirlwind which swept from the earth all that came within its reach and +seemed elevated enough to offer opposition--spared not the poor monks of +the Chartreuse. A rabble from Grenoble and other places, attacked the +monastery; burnt, plundered, or destroyed their books, papers, and +property, and dispersed the inmates; while the buildings were left +standing, not from motives of respect, but because they would have been +troublesome and laborious to pull down, and were not sufficiently +combustible to burn. + +In travelling on the Continent with a friend, during the summer of 1817, +we made a pilgrimage to the Grande Chartreuse, reaching it from the side +of the Echelles. It was an interesting moment; for at that very time the +scattered remains of the society had collected together, and were just +come again to take possession of and reinhabit their old abode. And +being their _jour de spaciment_, the whole society was before us, as +they returned from their little pilgrimage up the mountain, where they +had been visiting St. Bruno's chapel and spring; and it was impossible +not to think with respect of the self-devotion of these men, who, after +having for many years partaken (in a greater or less degree) of the +habits and comforts of a civilised life, had thus voluntarily withdrawn +themselves once more to their stern yet beautiful solitude (truly, as +Gray calls it, a _locus severus_), there to practise the severities of +their order, without, it may be supposed, any possessions or means, +except what they were themselves enabled to throw into a common stock; +for nearly the whole of their property had been seized by the government +during the Revolution, and was still held by it. + +Our conversation was almost wholly with two of the fathers (they use the +prefix _Dom_), whose names I forget, and have mislaid my memorandum of +them. One of these had been in England, when driven out; and was there +protected by the Weld family in Dorsetshire, of whom he spoke in terms +of sincere gratitude and respect. The other told us that he was a native +of Chambery, and had done no more than cross the mountains to get home. +On asking him for Gray's Ode, he shook his head, saying, the Revolution +had robbed them of that, and every thing else; but repeated the first +line of it, so that there was no mistake as to the object of my inquiry. +From what occurred afterwards, it appears, however, to be questionable +whether he knew more than the first line; for I was informed that later +English travellers had been attempting, from a laudable desire of +diffusing information, to write out the whole in the present Album of +the Chartreuse, by contributing a line or stanza, as their recollection +served; but that, after all, this pic-nic composition was not exactly +what Gray wrote. Of course, had our friend the Dom known how to supply +the deficiencies, he would have done it. + +There is a translation of the Ode by James Hay Beattie, son of the +professor and poet, printed amongst his poems, which is much less known +than its merits deserve. And I would beg to suggest to such of your +readers as may in the course of their travels visit this monastery, that +books (need I say _proper_ ones?) would be a most acceptable present to +the library; also, that there is a regular Album kept, in which those +who, in this age of "talent" and "intelligence," consider themselves +able to write better lines than Gray's, are at liberty to do so if they +please. + +A very happy conjecture appeared in the _European Magazine_ some time +between 1804 and 1808, as to the conclusion of the stanzas to Mr. +Beattie. The corner of the paper on which they had been written as torn +off; and Mr. Mason supplies what is deficient in the following manner, +the words added by him being printed in Italics:-- + + "Enough for me, if to some feeling breast + My lines a secret sympathy _impart_; + And as their pleasing influence _flows confest_, + A sign of soft reflection _heave the heart_." {417} + +This, it will be seen, is prosaic enough; but the correspondent of the +_E. Mag._ supposes the lines to have ended differently; and that the +poet, in some peculiar fit of modesty, tore off the name. His version is +this:-- + + "Enough for me, if to some feeling breast, + My lines a secret sympathy _convey_; + And as their pleasing influence _is imprest_, + A sigh of soft reflection _heave for Gray_." + +One word upon another poet, Byron _v_. Tacitus, in p. 390. of your 24th +Number. There can be no doubt that the noble writer had this passage of +Tacitus in his mind, when he committed the couplet in question to paper; +but, in all probability, he considered it so well known as not to need +acknowledgment. Others have alluded to it in the same way. The late Rev. +W. Crowe, B.C.L., of New College, Oxford, and public orator of that +University, in some lines recited by his son at the installation of Lord +Grenville, has the following:-- + + "And when he bids the din of war to cease, + He calls the silent desolation--peace." + +I wonder where Lord Byron stole stanzas 1, 2, 3, 4, of the second canto +of _The Bride of Abydos_; to say nothing of some more splendid passages +in the first and second cantos of _Childe Harold_? + +W. (1.) + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Chapels._--Perhaps the following remarks will be of service to "Mr. +GATTY" in the solution of his Queries touching the word _Chapel_ (No. +21.). + +Spelman (_Glossary, sub voce_) endeavours to convince us that _capella_ +is the same as _capsella_, the diminutive of _capsa_; thus making +_chapel_, in the first instance, "a small repository" (_sc._ of relics). +Richardson is also in favour of this etymon, notwithstanding its +harshness and insipidity. I think the common derivation (from _capella_, +diminutive of _capa_) very much preferable to any other, both on the +score of philology and of history. Ducange has quoted several passages, +all tending to evince that _capella_ (explained by the Teutonic +_voccus_) was specially applied to the famous vestment of St. Martin, +comprising his cloak and hood (not merely his _hat_, as some writers +mention). The name was then metonymically transferred to the repository +in which that relic was preserved, and afterwards, by a natural +expansion, became the ordinary designation of the smaller sanctuaries. +This derivation is distinctly affirmed by Walafred Strabo about 842, and +by a monk of St. Gall, placed by Basnage about 884. The earliest +instance where the word _capella_ is used for the vestment of St. Martin +appears to be in a "Placitum" of Theodoric, King of France, who ascended +the throne A.D. 672--"in oratorio nostro super capella Domini Martini +... hæc dibiret conjurare." In a second "Placitum," also quoted by +Ducange, of Childebert, King of France (_circa_ 695), the word _capella_ +seems to mean a _sacred building_--"in oratorio suo seu capella Sancti +Marthini." And in a charter of Charles the Simple, _circ._ 900, the term +unquestionably occurs in this latter signification, disconnected from +St. Martin. Other illustrations may be seen in Ducange, who has bestowed +especial industry on the words _capa_ and _capella_. + +With respect to the _legal_ definition of the modern _chapel_, I may +mention that, in stat. 7 & 8 Geo. IV. c. 29. s. 10., it signifies, +according to Mr. Stephens (_Eccl. Statutes_, p. 1357.), "a chapel where +the rites and ceremonies of the Church of England are performed, and +does not include the chapels of Dissenters." In stat. 7 & 8 Geo. IV. c. +30., we read, notwithstanding, of "any _chapel_ for the religious +worship of persons dissenting from the United Church of England and +Ireland." + +C.H. +St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge. + + +_Chapels_ (No. 20. p. 333., and No. 23. p. 371.).--The opinion of the +"BARRISTER" that this term had come into use as a designation of +dissenting places of worship from no "idea of either assistance or +opposition to the Church of England," but only as a supposed means of +security to the property, is probably correct. Yet it is likely +different reasons may have had weight in different places. + +However, he is mistaken in "believing that we must date the adoption of +that term from about" forty years ago. I am seventy-six years old, and I +can bear testimony, that from my infancy it was the term universally +employed in Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Cheshire, Lancashire, and, I think +probable, in the more northern counties. In common speech, it was used +as the word of discrimination from the Methodist places of worship, +which bore the name of _Meeting-houses_, or, more generally, _Meetings_. +But within the period (forty years) assigned by your learned +correspondent, I think that I have observed the habit to have +extensively obtained of applying the term _Chapels_ to the latter class +of places. + +I have abundant evidence of the general use of the term for dissenting +buildings, back to the seventeenth century. From my early life, I +remember the current opinion to have been that _Chapel_ was the word in +use north of the Trent, and _Meeting-house_ in Nottingham and +southwards. + +An eminent antiquary, the Rev. Joseph Hunter, F.S.A., could cast a full +light upon this subject. + +J.P.S. +Homerton, April 15. + + +_Beaver_ (No. 21. p. 338.).--The earliest form of this word is _fiber_, +which is used to signify the animal, the _Castor_, by Varro and Pliny. +The fabulous story of the self-emasculation by which the beaver eludes +pursuit, is thus introduced by Silius, in illustrating the flight of +Hasdrubal:-- {418} + + "Fluminei veluti deprensus gurgitis undis, + Avulsâ parte inguinibus caussaque pericli, + Enatat intento prædæ _fibor_ avius hoste." + + _Punica_, IV. 485-8, where see Ruperti. + +The scholiast on Juvenal, xii. 34., has the low Latin _vebrus_. (See +Forcellini, Lex. in _Fiber_ et _Castor_, Ducange in _Bever_, and Adelung +in _Biber_.) Derivations of the word _bebrus_ occur in all the languages +of Europe, both Romanic and Teutonic; and denote the Castor. _Beaver_, +in the sense of a _hat_ or _cap_, is a secondary application, derived +from the material of which the hat or cap was made. + +W. + + +_Poins and Bardolph_ (No. 24. p. 385.)--Mr. Collier (Life prefixed to +the edit. of _Shakspeare_, p. 139.) was the first to notice that +Bardolph, Fluellen, and Awdrey, were names of persons living at +Stratford in the lifetime of the poet; and Mr. Halliwell (_Life of +Shakspeare_, pp. 126-7) has carried the subject still further, and shown +that the names of ten characters in the plays are also found in the +early records of that town. Poins was, I believe, a common Welsh name. + +S. + + +_God tempers the Wind_ (No. 22. p. 357.)--Le Roux de Liney, _Livre des +Proverbes Français_ (Paris, 1842), tom. i. p. 11., cites the following +proverbs-- + + "Dieu mesure le froid à la brebis tondue, + ou, + Dieu donne le froid selon la robbe," + +from Henri Estienne, _Prémices_, &c., p. 47., a collection of proverbs +published in 1594. He also quotes from Gabriel Meurier, _Trésor des +Sentences_, of the sixteenth century:-- + + "Dieu aide les mal vestus." + +SIWEL. +April 5. 1850. + + +_Sterne's Koran_ (No. 14. p. 216.)--An inquiry respecting this work +appeared in the _Gent. Mag._, vol. lxvii. pt. ii. p. 565.; and at p. +755. we are told by a writer under the signature of "Normanus," that in +_his_ edition of Sterne, printed at Dublin, 1775, 5 vols. 12mo., the +Koran was placed at the end, the editor honestly confessing that it was +_not_ the production of Sterne, but of Mr. Richard Griffith (son of Mrs. +Griffith, the _Novellettist_), then a gentleman of large fortune seated +at Millecent, co. Kildare, and married to a daughter of the late Ld. +C.B. Burgh. + +I possess a copy of an indifferent edition of Sterne's works, in point +of paper and type, "Printed for J. Mozley, Gainsbrough, 1795. 8 vols. +12mo." The Koran is in the sixth vol., termed "The Posthumous Works of +L. Sterne," dedicated to the Earl of Charlemont by the editor, who, in +his address to the reader, professes to have received the MS. from the +hands of the author some time before his untimely death. + +This I hope will answer the Query of "E.L.N.:" and at the same time I +wish to express my regret, that we do not possess a really good and +complete edition of Sterne's Works, with a Life and literary history of +them, incorporating the amusing illustrations by Dr. Ferriar. + +F.R.A. +April 12. 1850. + + +_Lollius._--In answer to "J.M.B." (No. 19. p. 303.) as to who was the +Lollius spoken of by Chaucer, I send you the following. _Lollius_ was +the real or fictitious name of the author or translator of many of our +Gothic prose romances. D'Israeli, in his admirable _Amenities of +Literature_, vol. i. p. 141., says:-- + + "In some colophons of the prose romances the names of real + persons are assigned as the writers; but the same romance is + equally ascribed to different persons, and works are given as + translations which in fact are originals. Amid this prevailing + confusion, and these contradictory statements, we must agree + with the editor of Warton, that we cannot with any confidence + name the author of any of these prose romances. Ritson has aptly + treated these pseudonymous translators as 'men of straw.' We may + say of them all, as the antiquary Douce, in the agony of his + baffled researches after one of their favourite authorities, a + Will o' the Wisp named LOLLIUS, exclaimed, somewhat + gravely,--'Of Lollius it will become every one to speak with + diffidence.'" + +Perhaps this "scrap" of information may lead to something more +extensive. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + +_Henry Ryder, Bishop of Killaloe_ (No. 24. p. 383).--Henry Ryder, D.D., +a native of Paris, and Bishop of Killaloe, after whose paternity +"W.D.R." inquires, was advanced to that see by patent dated June 5. 1693 +(not 1692), and consecrated on the Sunday following in the church of +Dunboyne, in the co. Meath. See Archdeacon Cotton's _Fasti Ecclesiæ +Hibernicæ_, vol. i. p. 404., who gives an account of his family. + +W.(I.) + + +_Brown Study_ (No. 22. p. 352.).--Surely a corruption of brow-study, +brow being derived from to old German, _braun_, in its compound form +_ang-braun_, an eyebrow. (Vide Wachter, _Gloss. Germ._) + +HENNES + + +_Seven Champions of Christendom._--Who was the author of _The Seven +Champions of Christendom_? + +R.F. JOHNSON. + + [_The Seven Champions of Christendom_, which Ritson describes as + "containing all the lies of Christendom in one lie," was written + by the well-known Richard Johnson. Our correspondent will find + many curious particulars of his various works in the + Introduction which Mr. Chappell has prefixed to one of them, + viz. _The Crown Garland of Golden Roses_, edited by him from the + edition of 1612 for the Percy Society.] {419} + + +"_Tempora mutantur nos et mutamur in illis_."--"E.V." (p. 215.) is +referred to Cicero _De Officiis_, lib. i. cap. 10., and Ovid, _Met_. +lib. xv. 165. et seqq. + +"_Vox Præterea nihil_."--"C.W.G." (p. 247.) is also referred to Ovid, +_Met_. lib. iii. 397., and Lactantius, lib. iii. Fab. v. These are the +nearest approximations I know. + +A.W. + + +_Vox Populi Vox Dei._--The words "Populi vox, vox Dei," stand as No. 97. +among the "Aphorismi Politici ex Ph. Cominoeo," in a small volume in my +possession, entitled,-- + + "Aphorismi Politici et Militares, etc. par Lambertum Danæum + collecti. Lugduni Batavorum. CID IDC XXX IX." + +There is no reference given to book or chapter; and, judging from the +manner in which the aphorisms of Thucydides and Tacitus (which I have +been able to examine) are quoted, I fear it may be found that the words +in question are rather a condensation of some paragraph by Des Comines +that the _ipsissima verba_ that he employed. + +C. FORBES. +Temple. + + +_The Cuckoo._--In respect to the Query of "G." (No. 15. p. 230.), on the +cuckoo, as the Welsh Ambassador, I would suggest that it was in allusion +to the annual arrival of Welshmen in search of summer and other +employment. As those wanderers may have entered England about the time +of the cuckoo's appearance, the idea that the bird was the precursor of +the Welsh might thus become prevalent. Also, on the quotation given by +"PETIT ANDRÉ" (No. 18. p. 283.) of Welsh parsley, or hempen halters, it +may have derived its origin from the severity practised on the Welsh, in +the time of their independence, when captured on the English side of the +border,--the death of the prisoner being inevitable. + +GOMER. + + +_Ancient Titles_ (No. 11. p. 173.).--It may be interesting to your +querist "B." to know that the seal of the borough of Chard, in the +county of Somerset, has two birds in the position which he describes, +with the date 1570. + +S.S.S. + + +_Daysman_ (No. 12. p. 188., No. 17. p. 267.).--For quoted instances of +this, and other obsolete words, see Jameson's _Bible Glossary_, just +published by Wertheim in Paternoster Row. + +S.S.S. + + +_Safeguard_ (No. 17. p. 267.).--The article of dress for the purpose +described is still used by farmers' wives and daughters in the west of +England, and is known by the same name. + +S.S.S. + + +_Finkle_ (No. 24. p. 384.).--means _fennel_. Mr. Halliwell (_Dict._ p. +357.) quotes from a MS. of the _Nominale_, "fynkylsede, _feniculum_." + +L. + + +_Gourders of Rain_ (No. 21. p. 335., No. 22. p. 357.).--Has the word +"Gourders" any connection with _Gourtes_, a stream, or pool? See +Cotgrave's _Dict._, and Kelham's _Dict. of the Norman Language_. + +_Geotere_ is the A.-S. word for "melter;" but may not the term be +applied to the pourer out of anything? Gourd is used by Chaucer in the +sense of a vessel. (See _Prol. to the Manciple's Tale_.) + +C.I.R. + + +_Urbanus Regius_ (No. 23. p. 367.).--The "delightful old lady" is +informed that "Urbanus Regius" (or Urban le Roi) was one of the +reformers, a native of Langenargen, in Germany. His works were published +under the title of _Vitet et Opera Urbani Regii, &c._, Norib. 1562. His +theological works have been translated into English, as the lady is +aware. + +W. FRANKS MATHEWS. +Kidderminster, April 7. 1850. + + +_Horns_ (No. 24. p. 383.).--Rosenmüller ad Exodum xxxiv. 29. + + "_Ignorabat quods plenderet entis faciei ejus_. Vulgatus + interpres reddidit. _Ignorabat quod cornuta esset facies sua_, + quia verbum _Karan_ denominativum nominis _Keren, cornu_; + opinatus est denotare, _cornua habere_; hine nata opinio, Mosis + faciem fuisse cornutam. Sed nomen [Hebrew: keren] ob + similitudinem et ad _radios_ transferri, docet Haliæ, m. 4. ubi + de fulminibus dicitur.... Hic denotat _emisit radias_, i.e. + splenduit." LXX. [Greek: dedoxastai]. Our version, _shone_. + +R. ad Psal. xxii. seems to say, that in Arabic there is the like +metaphor, of the sun's rays to a deer's horns. R. adds, that the Jews +also attributed horns to Moses in another sense, figuratively for power, +as elsewhere. + +_Tauriformis._--The old scholiasts on Horace say that rivers are always +represented with horns, "propter impetum et mugitum æquarum." + + "Corniger Hesperidum fluvius." + +An old modern commentator observes, that in Virgil "Rhenus bicornis," +rather applies to its two æstuaries. + +When Milton says (xi. 831.) "push'd by the horned flood," he seems +rather to mean, as Newton explains him, that "rivers, when they meet +with anything to obstruct their passage, divide themselves and become +_horned_ as it were, and hence the ancients have compared them to +bulls." + +C.B. + + ["M." (Oxford) refers our correspondent to Facciolati, + _Lexicon_, ed. Bailey, voc. _Corun_.] + + +_Horns_ (No. 24. p. 383.).--1. Moses' face, Ex. ch. xxxiv. (_karan_, +Heb.), shot out beams or _horns_ of light (from _keren_, Heb.); so the +first beams of the rising sun are by the Arabian poets compared to +horns. Absurdly rendered by Aqu. and Vulg. (facies) _cornuta erat_. +Whence painters represent Moses as having horns.--Gesenius, _Heb. Lex._ +{420} + +2. There appear many reasons for likening rivers to bulls. Euripides +calls Cephisus taumomorphos, and Horace gives Aufidus the same epithet, +for the same reason probably, as makes him call it also "longe sonans," +"violentus," and "acer;" viz., the bull-like roaring of its waters, and +the blind fury of its course, especially in flood time. Other +interpretations may be given: thus, Milton, Dryden, and others, speak of +the "horned flood," i.e., a body of water which, when it meets with any +obstruction, divides itself and becomes _horned_, as it were. See Milt. +P.L. xi. 831., and notes on the passage by Newton and Todd. Dryden +speaks of "the seven-fold _horns_ of the Nile," using the word as +equivalent to winding stream. It would be tedious to multiply examples. + +3. Of this phrase I have never seen a satisfactory explanation. "Coruna +nasci" is said by Petronius, in a general sense, of one in great +distress. As applied to a cuckold, it is common to most of the modern +European languages. The Italian phrase is "becco cornuto" (horned goat), +which the Accademici della Crusca explain by averring that that animal, +unlike others can without anger bear a rival in his female's love. + +"Dr. Burn, in his _History of Westmoreland_, would trace this _crest_ of +_cuckoldom_ to horns worn as crests by those who went to the Crusades, +as their armorial distinctions; to the infidelity of consorts during +their absence, and to the finger of scorn pointed at them on their +return; crested indeed, but abused."--_Todd's Johnson's Dictionary_. + +R.T.H.G. + + +_Why Moses represented with Horns._--You may inform your querist "L.C." +(No. 24 p. 383.), that the strange practice of making Moses appear +horned, which is not confined to statues, arose from the mistranslation +of Exod. xxxiv. 30. & 35. in the Vulgate, which is to the Romanist his +authenticated scripture. For there he reads "faciem Moysi cornutum," +instead of "the skin of Moses' face shone." The Hebrew verb put into our +type is _coran_, very possibly the root of the Latin _cornu_: and its +primary signification is to put forth horns; its secondary, to shoot +forth rays, to shine. The participle is used in its primary sense in +Psalms, xix. 31.; but the Greek Septuagint, and all translators _from +the Hebrew_ into modern European languages, have assigned to the verb +its secondary meaning in Exod. xxxiv. In that chapter the nominative to +_coran_ is, in both verses, undeniably _skin_, not _head_ nor _face_. +Now it would obviously be absurd to write "his skin was horned," so that +common sense, and the authority of the Septuagint, supported by the +language of St. Paul in his paraphrase and comment on this passage in 2 +Cor. iii. 7-13., ought to have been sufficient to guide any Christian +translator as to the sense to be attached to _coran_ in the mention of +Moses. + +H.W. +Oxford, April 16, 1850. + + [We have since received replies to a similar effect, from "SIR + EDMUND FILMER," "J.E.," &c. "R.G." refers our Querist to Leigh's + _Critica Særa_, part I. p. 219. London, 1662; and "M." refers + him to the note on this passage in Exodus in M. Polus' _Synopsis + Criticorum_. To "T.E." we are indebted for Notes on other + portions of "L.C.'s" Queries.] + + +_The Temple or A Temple._--"Mr. Foss" says (No. 21. p. 335.) that in +Tyrwhitt's edition of Chaucer and in all other copies he has seen, the +reading is-- + + "A gentil manciple was there of a temple." + +In an imperfect black-letter folio copy of Chaucer in my possession +(with curious wood-cuts, but without title-page, or any indications of +its date, printer, &c.), the reading is-- + + "A gentyl mancyple was there of _the_ temple." + +That the above is the true reading ("the real passage"), and that it is +to be applied to _the_ temple, appears to me from what follows, in the +description of the manciple. + + "Of maysters had he moo than thryes ten + That were of lawe expirte and curyous, + Of whyche there were a dosen in that hous + Worthy to be," &c.; + +P.H.F. +March 23, 1850. + + +_Ecclesiastical Year_ (No. 24. p. 381.).--The following note on the +calendar is authority for the statement respecting the beginning of the +ecclesiastical year:-- + + "Note that the Golden Number and the Dominicall letter doeth + change euery yeere the first day of January. Note also, that the + yeere of our Lord beginneth the xxv. day of March, the same + supposed to be the first day upon which the world was created, + and the day when Christ was conceived in the womb of the Virgin + Mary." + +As in the Book of Common Prayer, Lond. 1614, p. 2. Bishop Cosins +remarks, "beginneth the 25th day of March." + + "Romani annum suum auspicantur ad calendas Januarias. Idem + faciunt hodierni Romani et qui in aliis regnis papæ authoritatem + agnoseunt. Ecclesia autem Anglicana sequitur suppotationem + antiquam a Dionysio Exiguo inchoatum, anno Christi 532." + +Nicholl's Commentary on the Book of Common Prayer, additional notes, p. +10. Fol. Lond. 1712, vid. loe. + +In the Book of Common Prayer, Oxford, 1716, the note is,-- + + "_Note._--The supputation of the year of our Lord in the Church + of England beginneth the five-and-twentieth day of March." + +This note does not now appear in our Prayer Books, being omitted, I +suppose, in consequence {421} of the adoption of the new style in +England in 1752. The daily course of lessons used to begin, as it does +now, with the Book of Genesis and of St. Matthew, in January; the +collects, epistles, and gospels with those for Advent. + +M. +Oxford. + + +_Paying through the Nose_ (No. 21. p. 335.).--I have always understood +this to be merely a degenerated pronunciation of the last word. Paying +through _the noose_ gives the idea so exactly, that, as far as the +etymology goes, it is explanatory enough. But whether _that_ reading has +an historical origin may be another question. It scarcely seems to need +one. + +C.W.H. + + +_Quem Deus vult perdere, &c._ (No. 22. p. 351.).--The correct reading +is, "Quem Jupiter vult perdere, dementat prius." See Duport's +_Gnomologia Homerica_, p. 282. (Cantab. 1660.) Athenagoras quotes Greek +lines, and renders them in Latin (p. 121. Oxon. 1682): + + "At dæmon homini quum struit aliquid malum, + Pervertit illi primitus mentem suam." + +The word "dementat" is not to be met with, I believe, in the works of +any real classical author. Butler has employed the idea in part 3. canto +2. line 565. of _Hudibras_: + + "Like men condemned to thunderbolts, + Who, ere the blow, become mere dolts." + +C.I.R. + + +_Shrew_ (No. 24. p. 381.).--The word, I apprehend, means sharp. The +mouse, which is not the field-mouse, as Halliwell states, but an animal +of a different order of quadrupeds, has a very sharp snout. Shrewd means +sharp generally. Its bad sense is only incidental. They seem connected +with scratch; screw; shrags, the end of sticks or furze (Halliwell); to +shred (A.-S., screadan, but which must be a secondary form of the verb). +That the shrew-mouse is called in Latin _sorex_, seems to be an +accidental coincidence. That is said to be derived from [Greek: urax]. +The French have confounded the two, and give the name _souris_ to the +common mouse, but _not_ to the shrew-mouse. + +I protest, for one, against admitting that Broc is derived from _broc_, +persecution, which of course is participle from break. We say "to +badger" for to annoy, to teaze. I suppose two centuries hence will think +the name of the animal is derived from that verb, and not the verb from +it. It means also, in A.-S., _equus vilis_, a horse that is worn out or +"broken down." + +C.B. + + +_Zenobia_ (No. 24. p. 383.).--Zenobia is said to be "gente Judaea," in +Hoffman's _Lexicon Universale_, and Facciolati, ed. Bailey, Appendix, +voc. _Zenobia_. + +M. +Oxford. + + +_Cromwell's Estates_ (No. 24. p. 389.).--There is Woolaston, in +Gloucestershire, four miles from Chepstow, chiefly belonging now to the +Duke of Beaufort. + +C.B. + + +_Vox et præterea Nihil_ (No. 16. p. 247., and No. 24. p. 387.).--This +saying is to be found in Plutarch's _Laconic Apophthegms_ ([Greek: +Apophthegmata Lakonika]), Plutarchi _Opera Moralia_, ed. Dan. +Wyttenbach, vol. i. p. 649. + +Philemon Holland has "turned it into English" thus:-- + + "Another [Laconian] having plucked all the feathers off from a + nightingale, and seeing what a little body it had: 'Surely,' + quoth he, 'thou art all voice, and nothing else.'"--_Plutarch's + Morals_, fol. 1603. p. 470. + +W.B.R. + + +_Law of Horses._--The following is from Oliphant's _Law of Horses, &c._, +p. 75. Will any of your readers kindly tell me whether the view is +correct? + + "It is said in _Southerene_ v. _Howe_ (2 Rol. Rep. 5.), _Si home + vend chivall que est lame, null action gist peur ceo, mes_ + caveat emptor: _lou jeo vend chivall que ad null oculus la null + action gist; autrement lou il ad un conterfeit faux et_ bright + eye." "If a man sell a horse which is lame, no action lyes for + that, but _caveat emptor_; and when I sell a horse that has _no_ + eye, there no action lies; otherwise where he has a counterfeit, + false, and _bright eye_." + +Thus it appears that a distinction is here made between a horse having +_no_ eye at all, and having a counterfeit, false or _bright_ one. And +probably by _bright eye_ is meant _glass eye_, or _gutta serena_; and +the words "counterfeit" and "false" may be an attempt of the reporter to +explain an expression which he did not understand. Because putting a +false eye into a horse is far in advance of the sharpest practices of +the present day, or of any former period. + +Note.--_Gutta Serena_, commonly called glass-eye, is a species of +blindness; the pupil is unusually dilated; it is immovable, bright, and +glassy. + +G.H. HEWIT OLIPHANT. +April 16. 1850. + + +_Christ's Hospital._--In reply to "NEMO" (No. 20. p. 318.), a +contemporary of the eminent Blues there enumerated, informs him, that +although he has not a perfect recollection of the ballads then popular +at Christ's Hospital, yet "NEMO" may be pleased to learn, that on making +search at the Society of Antiquaries for Robin Hood Ballads, he found in +a folio volume of Broadsides, &c., one of the much interest and +considerable length in relation to that school. The Ballad must also be +rare, as it is not among those in the two large volumes which have been +for many years in the British Museum, nor is it in the three volumes of +Roxburgh Ballads recently purchased for that noble library. {422} + +The undersigned believes that the only survivor of the scholars at +Christ's Hospital mentioned by "NEMO," is the Rev. Charles Valentine Le +Grice, now residing at Trerieffe, near Penzance. + +J.M.G. +Worcester, March 22. 1850. + + [We are happy to say that one other, at least, of the Christ + Hospital worthies enumerated by "NEMO" still survives--Mr. Leigh + Hunt, whose kindly criticism and real poetic feeling have + enriched our literature with so many volumes of pleasant + reading, and won for him the esteem of a large circle of + admirers.] + + +_Tickhill, God help me!_ (No. 16. p. 247.).--"H.C. ST. CROIX" informs us +that a similar expression is in use in Lincolnshire. Near to the town of +"merry Lincoln" is a large heath celebrated for its cherries. If a +person meets one of the cherry-growers on his way to market, and asks +him where he comes from, the answer will be, if the season is +favourable, "From Lincoln Heath, where should 'un?" but if, on the +contrary, there is a scarcity of cherries, the reply will be, "From +Lincoln Heath, God help 'un." + +"DISS" informs us, too, that this saying is not confined to Tickhill, +Melverly, or Pershore, but is also current at Letton, on the banks of +the Wye, between Hereford and Hay. And "H.C.P." says the same story is +told of the inhabitants of Tadley, in the north of Hampshire, on the +borders of Berkshire. + +_Robert Long_ (No. 24. p. 382.).--Rear-Admiral Robert Long died 4th +_July_, 1771, having been superannuated on the half-pay of rear-admiral +some time before his death. His seniority in the navy was dated from +21st March, 1726, and he was posted in the Shoreham. He never was _Sir_ +Robert. An account of the charity he founded may be seen in the +_Commissioners' Reports on Charities_, vol. iii. iv. vi. + +G. + + +_Transposition of Letters_ (No. 19. p. 298.).--Instances of shortened +names of places. Bensington, Oxfordshire, now called Benson; +Stadhampton, Oxfordshire, now called Stadham; and in Suffolk the +following changes have taken place; Thelnetham is called Feltam; Hoxney, +Oxen. + +C.I.R. + + +_The Complaynt of Scotland_.--I believe there has not been discovered +recently any fact relative to the authorship of above-mentioned poem, +and that the author is, + + "Sir David Lyndsay of the Mount, + Lord Lyon King-at-Arms." + +W.B. + + +_Note Books_ (No. 3. p. 43., and No. 7. p. 104.)--I beg to state my own +mode, than which I know of none better. I have _several_ books, viz., +for History, Topography, Personal and Family History, Ecclesiastical +Affairs, Heraldry, Adversaria. At the end of each volume is an alphabet, +with six columns, one for each vowel; in one or other of which the word +is entered according to the vowel which first appears in it, with a +reference to the page. Thus, _bray_ would come under B.a; _church_ under +C.u.; and so forth. + +S.S.S. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANIES. + +_MSS. of Casaubon._--There is a short statement respecting certain MSS., +now existing, of the great critic Casaubon, in a recent volume of the +Parker Society--Whitaker's _Disputation on Holy Scripture_, edited and +translated by Professor Fitzgerald, Professor of Moral Philosophy, +Dublin, which I conceive is one of those facts which might be of service +at some future time to scholars, from having been recorded in your +columns:-- + +Whitaker having observed-- + + "One Herman, a most impudent papist, affirms that the scriptures + are of no more avail than Aesop's fables, apart from the + testimony of the church."--(Parker Soc. transl., p. 276.) + +Professor Fitzgerald appends the following "note:"-- + + "Casaubon, Exercit. Baron. I. xxxiii. had, but doubtfully, + attributed this to Pighius; but in a MS. note preserved in + Primate Marsh's library, at St. Sepulchre's, Dublin, he corrects + himself thus: 'Non est hic, sed quidam Hermannus, ait Wittakerus + in Præfat. Controvers. I. Quæst. S. p. 314.' If a new edition of + those Exercitations be ever printed, let not these MSS. of that + great man, which, with many other valuable records, we owe to + the diligence of Stillingfleet and the munificence of Marsh, be + forgotten." + +T. +Bath + + * * * * * + +ON A VERY TALL BARRISTER NAMED "LONG." + + Longi longorum longissime, Longe, virorum, + Dic mihi, te quæso, num _Breve_ quicquid habes? + +W.(1.) + + * * * * * + +"NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR." + +_On a very bad book: from the Latin of Melancthon_. + + A thousand blots would never cure this stuff; + One might, I own, if it were large enough. + +RUFUS. + + * * * * * + +_Close Translation._--The following is a remarkable instance; for it is +impossible to say which is the original and which the translation, they +are so nearly equivalent:-- + + "Boys and girls, come out to play; + The moon doth shine as bright as day; + Come with a whoop, come with a call, + Come with a good will, or come not at all." {423} + + "Garçons et filles, venez toujours; + La lune fait clarté comme le jour; + Venez au bruit d'un joyeux éclat; + Venez de bon coeur, ou ne venez pas." + +W.(1.) + + +_St. Antholin's Parish Books._--In common with many of your antiquarian +readers, I look forward with great pleasure to the selection from the +entries in the St. Antholin's Parish Books, which are kindly promised by +their present guardian, and, I may add, intelligent expositor, "W.C." + +St. Antholin's is, on several accounts, one of the most interesting of +our London churches; it was here, Strype tells us (_Annals_, I. i. p. +199.), "the new morning prayer," i.e., according to the new reformed +service-book, first began in September, 1559, the bell beginning to ring +at five, when a psalm was sung after the Geneva fashion, all the +congregation, men, women, and boys, singing together. It is much to be +regretted that these registers do not extend so far back as this year, +as we might have found in them entries of interest to the Church +historian; but as "W.C." tells us the volumes are kept regularly up to +the year 1708, I cannot but hope he may be able to produce some notices +of what Mr. P. Cunningham calls, "the Puritanical fervour" of this +little parish. "St. Antling's bell," and "St. Antling's preachers," were +proverbial for shrillness and prolixity, and the name is a familiar one +to the students of our old dramatists. Let "W.C." bear in mind, that the +chaplains of the Commissioners of the Church of Scotland, with Alexander +Henderson at their head, preached here in 1640, commanding crowded +audiences, and that a passage was formed from the house where they +lodged into a gallery of this church; and that the pulpit of St. +Antholin's seems, for many years, to have been the focus of schism, +faction, and sedition, and he may be able to bring forward from these +happily preserved registers much interesting and valuable information. + +D.S. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, &C. + +No one can have visited Edinburgh, and gazed upon + + "The height +Where the huge Castle holds its state," + +without having felt a strong desire to learn the history of that +venerable pile, and the stirring tales which its grey walls could tell. +What so many must have wished done, has at length been accomplished by +Mr. James Grant, the biographer of Kirkaldy of Grange, the gallant +governor of that castle, who was so treacherously executed by the Regent +Morton. His work, just published under the title of _Memorials of the +Castle of Edinburgh_, contains its varied history, ably and pleasantly +narrated, and intermixed with so much illustrative anecdote as to render +it an indispensable companion to all who may hereafter visit one of the +most interesting, as well as most remarkable monuments of the metropolis +of Scotland. + +The lovers of fine engravings and exquisite drawings will have a rare +opportunity of enriching their portfolios in the course of the next and +following week, as Messrs. Leigh Sotheby and Co., of Wellington Street, +commence on Monday a nine days' sale of a magnificent collection of +engravings, of the highest quality, of the ancient and modern Italian, +German, Dutch, Flemish, French, and English schools, which comprises +some superb drawings of the most celebrated masters of the different +schools of Europe. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--Bernard Quaritch's (16. +Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue of Oriental and Foreign +Books, comprising most Languages and Dialects of the Globe; and John +Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue, Number Four for 1850, of Books, +Old and New. + + * * * * * + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +Odd Volumes. + +CREVIER--HISTORY OF THE ROMAN EMPERORS, 8vo. London, J. and P. Knapton, +1744, Vols. I. and II. + +Plate 2, to the 11th chapter of Vol. III of STUART'S ATHENS. JOURNALS OF +THE HOUSE OF LORDS, from 1660 to 1688. + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +_As we have been again compelled to omit many articles which we are +anxious to insert, we shall next week give an enlarged Number of 24 +pages, instead of 16, so as to clear off our arrears._ + +Arnot's Physics. _A copy of this work has been reported to Mr. Bell: +will our correspondent who wishes for it forward his name and address?_ + + * * * * * + +PUBLIC RECORDS + +MONUMENTA HISTORICA BRITANNICA. + +Just published, folio, 5 guineas half-bound (printed by Her Majesty's +command). + +MATERIALS for the HISTORY of BRITAIN, from the earliest period. Vol. I, +extending to the Norman Conquest. "Sir Robert Inglis remarked, that this +work had been pronounced, by one of our most competent collegiate +authorities, to be the finest work published in Europe."--_Proceedings +in Parliament_, March 11. 1850. + +HENRY BUTTERWORTH, Publisher to the Public Record Department, 7. Fleet +Street. + +Of whom may be had, 8vo., sewed. A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of the RECORD +PUBLICATIONS. + + * * * * * + +SCRIPTURE RULE OF MARRIAGES. + +This day is published, in post 8vo., price Twopence; 1s. 6d. per dozen, +or 10s. per hundred, + +LET US UPHOLD the SCRIPTURE RULE of MARRIAGES: an Earnest Address to +Englishmen. By the Rev. ABNER W. BROWN, M.A. London; SAMPSON LOW, 169. +Fleet Street. + + * * * * * {424} + +Preparing for Publication, With the Sanction of the Society of Arts, and +the Committee of the Ancient and Mediæval Exhibition, + +A Description of the Works of Ancient and Mediæval Art + +Collected at the Society of Arts in 1850; with Historical Introductions +on the various Arts, and Notices of the Artists. + +By AUGUSTUS W. FRANKS, Honorary Secretary. + +The Work will be handsomely printed in super-royal 8vo., and will be +amply illustrated with Wood Engravings by P.H. DE LA MOTTE. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. 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Wellington Street, Strand, on MONDAY, April 29, and eight +following days (Sunday excepted), at One precisely each day the +magnificent Collection of ENGRAVINGS, the property of a distinguished +Amateur comprising the Works of the most eminent Engravers of the +ancient and modern Italian, German, Dutch, Flemish, French, and English +Schools, the whole being of the very highest quality, both as to +impression and condition; together with some superb Drawings by the most +celebrated Masters of the different Schools of Europe. + +May be viewed four days prior to the sale. Catalogues are now ready, and +will be forwarded on application. + + * * * * * + +The beautiful Collection of Modern Drawings of a distinguished Amateur. + +MESSRS. S. 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Catalogues are now ready, and +will be forwarded on application. + + * * * * * + +Six Days' Sale of the Third Portion of the valuable Stock of Prints of +Messrs. W. and G. Smith, the eminent Printsellers of Lisle Street. + +MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY and Co., Auctioneers of Literary Property and +Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by AUCTION, at their +House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on MONDAY, May 13, and five +following days, at One precisely each day, the third portion of the +important and valuable Stock of PRINTS, the property of Messrs. W. and +G. Smith, the long-established, well-known, and eminent Printsellers, of +Lisle Street, Leicester Square, who have retired from business; +comprising some of the works of the most eminent Engravers of the early +Italian, German, Dutch, Flemish, French, and English Schools, including +the matchless assemblage of the Works of the Masters of the School of +Fontainbleau, formerly in Count Fries' collection; Engravers' Proofs of +Book Plates, &c., generally of the very highest quality, both as to +impression and condition; together with a very few fine Drawings by +ancient and modern masters. + +May be viewed four days before the sale, and Catalogues had at the place +of sale. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, April 27. 1850. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 26. Saturday, +April 27, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13822 *** diff --git a/13822-h/13822-h.htm b/13822-h/13822-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..74a712c --- /dev/null +++ b/13822-h/13822-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1983 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta name="generator" content= +"HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st March 2004), see www.w3.org" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content= +"text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> +<title>Notes And Queries, Issue 26.</title> + +<style type="text/css"> + + /*<![CDATA[*/ + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 0.7em;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.adverts {width: 100%; height: 5px; color: black;} + html>body hr.adverts {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.short {text-align: center; width: 20%;} + html>body hr.short {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;} + + + .note, .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; + font-size: 0.9em;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; + text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 4em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 6em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 8em;} + .poem p.i10 {margin-left: 10em;} + .poem .caesura {vertical-align: -200%;} + + span.pagenum {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; + font-size: 8pt;} + + p.author {text-align: right;} + --> + /*]]>*/ +</style> +</head> +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13822 ***</div> + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page409" name= +"page409"></a>{409}</span> +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> +<hr class="full" /> +<table summary="masthead" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td align="left" width="25%"><b>No. 26.</b></td> +<td align="center" width="50%"><b>SATURDAY, APRIL 27, 1850</b></td> +<td align="right" width="25%"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> +Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> +<table summary="Contents" align="center"> +<tr> +<td align="left">NOTES:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Nicholas Breton, by the Rev. T. Corser</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page409">409</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes upon Cunningham's London, by E.F. Rimbault, +LL.D.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page410">410</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes on the Dodo, by H.E. Strickland</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page410">410</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Derivation of "Sterling" and "Penny"</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page411">411</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Hanno's Periplus, by S.W. Singer</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page412">412</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Folk Lore:—Cook-eels—Divination by +Bible and Key—Weather Proverb</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page412">412</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Bibliographical Notes, by E.F. Rimbault, +LL.D.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page413">413</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Pope, Petronius, and his Translators, by A. Rich, +Jun.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page414">414</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">When were Umbrellas introduced into England? by +E.F. Rimbault, LL.D.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page414">414</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Queries:—Duke of Marlborough—"M. +or N."—Song of the Bees—William Godwin—Regimental +Badges—Mother of Thomas à Becket—Swords worn in +public—Emblem and National Motto of Ireland—Latin +Distich—Verbum Græcum—Pope Felix—"Where +England's Monarch"</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page415">415</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">REPLIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Gray's Alcaic Ode</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page416">416</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Replies to Minor +Queries:—Chapels—Beaver—Poins and +Bardolph—God tempers the Wind—Sterne's +Koran—Lollius—Bishop Ryder—Brown +Study—Seven Champions—Tempora mutantur, +&c.—Vox Populi Vox Dei—Cuckoo—Ancient +Tiles—Daysman—Safeguard—Finkel—Gourders of +Rain—Urbanus Regius—Horns—<i>The</i> or <i>A</i> +Temple—Ecclestiastical Year—Paying through the +Nose—Quem Deus—Shrew—Zenobia—Cromwell's +Estates—Vox et præterea Nihil—Law of +Horses—Christ's Hospital—Tickhill, God help me!</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page417">417</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MSS. of Casaubon—Latin Epigram—"Nec +pluribus impar"—Close Translation—St. Antholin's Parish +Books</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page422">422</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page423">423</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes wanted</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page423">423</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page423">423</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>NOTES</h2> +<h3>NICHOLAS BRETON.</h3> +<p>Like Mr. COLLIER (No. 23. p. 364.), I have for many years felt +"a peculiar interest about Nicholas Breton," and an anxious desire +to learn something more of him, not only from being a sincere lover +of many of his beautiful lyrical and pastoral poems, as exhibited +in <i>England's Helicon</i>, <i>Davison's Poetical Rhapsodie</i>, +and other numerous works of his own, and from possessing several +pieces of his which are not generally known, but also from my +intimate connection with the parish in which he is supposed to have +lived and died. From this latter circumstance, especially, I had +been most anxious to connect his name with Norton, and have +frequently cast a reverential and thoughtful eye on the simple +monument which has been supposed to record his name; hoping, yet +not without doubts, that some evidence would still be found which +would prove it to be really that of the poet. It was therefore with +the utmost pleasure that I read Mr. Collier's concluding paragraph, +that he is "in possession of undoubted proof that he was the +Nicholas Breton whose epitaph is on the chancel-wall of the church +of Norton in Northamptonshire."</p> +<p>It seems strange that, notwithstanding the number and variety of +his writings, the length of time he was before the public, and the +estimation in which he was held by his contemporaries, so little +should be known concerning Breton, and the circumstances of his +life be still involved in such great obscurity. In looking over his +various publications, it is remarkable how little is to be gleaned +in the preliminary prefixes which relate to his own personal +history, and how very rarely he touches on any thing referring to +himself. There is a plaintive and melancholy strain running through +many of his works, and I am inclined to the opinion entertained by +Sir Egerton Bridges and others, that cares, and misfortunes, and +continued disappointments had brought on melancholy and despair, +and that the plaintive and touching nature of his writings were +occasioned by real sorrows and sufferings. This seems at variance +with his being the purchaser of the manor and lordship of Norton, +and in the possession and enjoyment of this world's goods. Thus in +his <i>Auspicante Jehova Maries Exercise</i>, 8vo. 1597, one of the +rarest of his works, in the dedication to Mary, Countess of +Pembroke, speaking of his temporal condition, he remarks, "I have +soncke my fortune in the worlde, hauing only the light of vertue to +leade my hope unto Heauen:" and signs himself "Your La. sometime +unworthy Poet, and now, and ever poore Beadman, Nich. Breton." And +the "Address" after it is signed, "Your poore friend or servant +N.B." I am aware that these phrases are sometimes used in a +figurative sense, but am disposed to think that here they are +intended for something real. And I am at a loss how to reconcile +these expressions of poverty with his being the purchaser and +enjoyer of such an estate. I shall wait, therefore, with +considerable anxiety till it may suit the pleasure or convenience +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page410" id= +"page410"></a>{410}</span> of Mr. Collier to communicate to the +world the proofs he has obtained of the poet's identification with +the Norton monument. I would, however, further add, that so late as +1606, the Dedication to <i>the Praise of Vertuous Ladies</i> is +dated "From my Chamber in the Blacke-Fryers," and that not one of +his later productions is dated from Norton, which probably would +have been the case had he been resident there.</p> +<p>I regret that I am unable to afford Mr. Collier any information +respecting the "Crossing of Proverbs," beyond the fact of the late +Mr. Rodd being the purchaser of Mr. Heber's fragment, but whether +on commission or not, I cannot say, nor where it now is. The same +kind of proverbs are given in <i>Wit's Private Wealth</i>, 1603, +and in some other of his works.</p> +<p>Nicholas Breton, besides being a pleasing and polished writer of +lyric and pastoral poetry, appears to have been a close and +attentive observer of nature and manners,—abounding in wit +and humour,—and a pious and religious man. He was also a +soldier, a good fisherman, and a warm admirer of Queen Elizabeth, +of whom he gives a beautiful character in "<i>A Dialogue full of +pithe and pleasure, upon the Dignitie or Indignitie of Man</i>," +4to., 1603, on the reverse of Sig. c. iii.</p> +<p>As it is sometimes desirable to know where copies of the rarer +productions of a writer are to be met with, I may state, that among +some five or six-and-twenty of this author's pieces, besides the +<i>Auspicante Jehova Maries Exercise</i>, 8vo. 1597, already +mentioned, of which I know of no other copy than my own, I possess +also the only one of <i>A small handfull of Fragrant Flowers</i>, +8vo. 1575, and <i>A Floorish upon Fancie</i>, 4to. 1582, both +reprinted in the Heliconia; <i>Marie Magdalen's Loue</i>, with <i>A +Solemne Passion of the Soules Loue</i>, 8vo. 1595, the first part +in prose, the latter in six-line stanzas, and very rare; +<i>Fantastics: seruing for a Perpetual Prognostication</i>, 4to. +1626; and <i>Wit's Trenchmour, In a conference had betwixt a +Scholler and an Angler. Written by Nich. Breton, Gentleman</i>, +4to. bl. lett. 1597, the only copy known and not included in +Lowndes's list, which, from the style of its composition and the +similarity of some of the remarks, is supposed to have been the +original work from which Izaac Walton first took the idea of his +<i>Complete Angler</i>.</p> +<p class="author">THOMAS CORSER.</p> +<p>Stand Rectory, April 16. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTES UPON CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK FOR LONDON.</h3> +<p><i>Baldwin's Gardens.</i>—A passage upon the east side of +Gray's Inn Lane, leading into Leather Lane. Tom Brown dates some +introductory verses, prefixed to Playford's <i>Pleasant Musical +Companion</i>, 1698, "from Mr. Steward's, at the Hole-in-the-Wall, +in <i>Baldwin's Gardens</i>." There is extant a single sheet with +an engraved head, published by J. Applebee, 1707, and +called,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The English and French Prophets mad, or bewitcht, at their +assemblies in <i>Baldwin's Gardens</i>."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>A Letter of Anthony Wood's, in the writer's collection, is thus +addressed:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"For John Aubrey, Esq. To be left at Mr. Caley's house, in +<i>Baldwin's Gardens</i>, neare Gray's Inne Lane, London."</p> +</blockquote> +<p><i>The White Hart, Bishopsgate Street.</i>—A tavern said +to be of very ancient date. In front of the present building, the +writer of the present notice observed (in 1838) the date cut in +stone, 1480.</p> +<p><i>The Nag's Head, Cheapside.</i>—A view of this tavern is +preserved in a print of the entry of Mary de Medici, when she paid +a visit to her son-in-law and daughter, the unfortunate Charles I. +and his queen.</p> +<p><i>St. Paul's Alley.</i>—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Whereas, the yearly meeting of the name of Adam hath of late, +through the deficiency of the last stewards, been neglected, these +are to give notice to all gentlemen, and others that are of that +name, that, at William Adams', commonly called 'The Northern +Alehouse,' in <i>St. Paul's Alley</i>, in St. Paul's Church Yard, +there will be a weekly meeting, every Monday night, of our +namesakes, between the hours of 6 and 8 of the clock in the +evening, in order to choose stewards to revive our antient and +annual feast."—<i>Domestic Intelligence</i>, 1681.</p> +</blockquote> +<p><i>St. Paul's Churchyard.</i>—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"In St. Paul's Church Yard were formerly many shops where music +and musical instruments were sold, for which, at this time, no +better reason can be given than that the service at that Cathedral +drew together, twice a day, all the lovers of music in London; not +to mention that the chairmen were wont to assemble there, where +they were met by their friends and acquaintance."—<i>Sir John +Hawkins' History of Music</i>, vol. v. p. 108.</p> +</blockquote> +<p><i>The French Change, Soho.</i>—A place so called in the +reign of Queen Anne. Gough, in a MS. note, now before us, thought +it stood on the site of the present bazaar.</p> +<p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTES ON THE DODO.</h3> +<p>I have to thank "Mr. S.W. SINGER" (No. 22. p. 353.) for giving +some interesting replies to my "Dodo Queries" (No. 17. p. 261.). I +trust that Mr. S. will be induced to pursue the inquiry further, +and especially to seek for some <i>Portuguese</i> account of the +Mascarene Islands, prior to the Dutch expedition of 1598. I am now +able to state that the supposed proof of the discovery of Bourbon +by the Portuguese in 1545, on the authority of a stone pillar, the +figure of which Leguat has copied <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page411" id="page411"></a>{411}</span> from Du Qesne, who copied +it from Flacourt, turns out to be inaccurate. On referring to +Flacourt's <i>Histoire de la Grande Isle Madagascar</i>, 4to., +Paris, 1658, p. 344, where the original figure of this monument is +given, I find that the stone was not found in Bourbon at all, but +in "l'Islet des Portugais," a small island at the mouth of the +river Fanshere (see Flacourt, p. 32.), near the S.E. extremity of +Madagascar. From this place Flacourt removed it to the neighbouring +settlement of Fort Dauphin in 1653, and engraved the arms of France +on the opposite side to those of Portugal. We are therefore still +without any historical record of the first discovery of Bourbon and +Mauritius, though, from the unanimous consent of later compilers, +we may fairly presume that the Portuguese were the discoverers.</p> +<p>The references which Mr. Singer has given to two works which +mention the <i>Oiseau bleu</i> of Bourbon, are very important, as +the only other known authority for this extinct bird is the MS. +Journal of Sieur D.B., which thus receives full confirmation. May I +ask Mr. Singer whether either of these writers mentions the +<i>Solitaire</i> as inhabiting Bourbon?</p> +<p>The "Oiseaux appelez <i>Flamands</i>" quoted by Mr. S., are +merely <i>Flamingos</i>, and are devoid of interest as regards the +present question.</p> +<p>The history of the Dodo's head at Copenhagen, referred to by Mr. +Singer, is fully recorded in the <i>Dodo and its Kindred</i>, pp. +25. 33.</p> +<p>The name <i>Dodo</i> seems to have been first applied to the +bird by Sir Thomas Herbert, in 1634, who adds, in his edition of +1638, "a Portuguese name it is, and has reference to her +simpleness." Before that time the Dutch were in the habit of +calling it <i>Dodars</i>, <i>Dodaers</i>, <i>Toters</i>, and +<i>Dronte</i>. I had already made the same guesses at the etymology +of these words as those which Mr. Singer has suggested, but not +feeling fully satisfied with them, I put forth my Query VII. for +the chance of obtaining some further elucidation.</p> +<p>Mr. Singer's reasonings on the improbability of Tradescant's +specimen of the Dodo having been a fabrication are superfluous, +seeing that the head and foot of this individual are, as is well +known, still in existence, and form the subjects of six plates in +the <i>Dodo and its Kindred</i>.</p> +<p>In regard to my Query IX. as to the local habitation of the +family of <i>Dronte</i>, who bore a Dodo on their shield, it has +been suggested to me by the Rev. Richard Hooper (who first drew my +attention to this armorial bearing), that the family was probably +foreign to Britain. It appears that there was a family named +<i>Dodo</i>, in Friesland, a member of which (Augustin Dodo, +deceased in 1501) was the first editor of St. Augustine's works. +Mr. Hooper suggests that possibly this family may have subsequently +adopted the Dodo as their arms, and that Randle Holme may, by a +natural mistake, have changed the name of the family, in his +<i>Academy of Armory</i>, from <i>Dodo</i> to the synonymous word +<i>Dronte</i>. Can none of your genealogical readers clear up this +point?</p> +<p class="author">H.E. Strickland.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>DERIVATION OF "STERLING" AND "PENNY".</h3> +<p>Your correspondent suggests (No. 24. p. 384.) an ingenious +derivation for the word <i>Sterling</i>; but one which perhaps he +has been too ready to adopt, inasmuch as it helped his other +derivation of <i>peny</i>, from <i>pecunia</i> or <i>pecus</i>. I +quote the following from <i>A short Treatise touching Sheriff's +Accompts</i>, by Sir Matthew Hale: London, 1683:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Concerning the second, <i>viz.</i> the matter or species +whereof the current coin of this kingdom hath been made, it is gold +or silver, but not altogether pure, but with an allay of copper, at +least from the time of King H. I. and H. II., though possibly in +ancienter times the species whereof the coin was made might be pure +gold or silver; and this allay was that which gave the denomination +of Sterling to that coin, <i>viz.</i> Sterling Gold, or Sterling +Silver. Wherein there will be inquirable,</p> +<p>"1. Whence that denomination came?</p> +<p>"2. How ancient that denomination was?</p> +<p>"3. What was the allay that gave silver that denomination?</p> +<p>"For the former of these there are various conjectures, and +nothing of certainty.</p> +<p>"<i>Spelman</i> supposeth it to take that denomination from the +Esterlings, who, as he supposeth, came over and reformed our coin +to that allay. Of this opinion was <i>Camden. A Germanis, quos +Angli</i> Esterlings, <i>aborientali situ, vocarunt, facta est +appellatio; quos</i> Johannes <i>Rex, ad argentum in suam puritatem +redigendam, primus evocavit; et ejus modi nummi</i> Esterlingi, +<i>in antiquis scripturis semper reperiuntur</i>. Some suppose that +it might be taken up from the <i>Starre Judæorum</i>, who, +being the great brokers for money, accepted and allowed money of +that allay for current payment of their stars or obligations; +others from the impression of a starling, or an asterisk upon the +coin. <i>Pur ceo que le form d'un Stare, dont le diminutive est +Sterling, fuit impressit on stamp sur ceo. Auters pur ceo que le +primer de cest Standard fuit coyn en le Castle de Sterlin in</i> +Scotland <i>pur le Roy</i> Edw. I. And possibly as the proper name +of the fourth part of a Peny was called a Farthing, ordinarily a +Ferling; so in truth the proper name of a Peny in those times was +called a Sterling, without any other reason of it than the use of +the times and arbitrary imposition, as other names usually grow. +For the old Act of 51 H. III., called <i>Compositio Mensurarum</i>, +tells us that <i>Denarius Anglice Sterlingus dicitur</i>; and +because this was the root of the measure, especially of Silver +Coin, therefore all our Coin of the same allay was also called +Sterling, as five Shillings Sterling, five Pounds Sterling.</p> +<p>"When this name of Sterling came first in is uncertain, only we +are certain it was a denomination in use in the time of H. III. or +Ed. I. and after ages. But it was not in use at the time of the +compiling of <span class="pagenum"><a name="page412" id= +"page412"></a>{412}</span> Doomsday, for if it were we should have +found it there where there is so great occasion of mention of +Firmes, Rents, and Payments. Hovended in <i>Rich. I fol. 377. +b.</i> Nummus <i>a</i> Numa, <i>que fuit le primer Roy que fesoit +moneies en</i> Rome. <i>Issint Sterlings, alias Esterlings, queux +primes fesoient le money de cest Standard en</i> +Engleterre."—<i>Sheriffs' Accompts</i>, p. 5-9.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>So much for the derivation of <i>Sterling</i>, which evidently +applied originally to the metal rather than to a coin. May I be +allowed to hazard a suggestion as to the origin of <i>peny</i>, its +synonym? They were each equivalent to the Denarius.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>Denarius Angliæ, qui nominatur Sterlingus, rotundus +sine tonsura, ponderabit 32 grana in medio spicæ. Sterlingus +et Denarius sont tout un. Le Shilling consistoit de 12 sterlings. +Le substance de cest denier ou sterling peny al primes fuit +vicessima pars unicæ.</i>"—<i>Indentures of the +Mint</i>, Ed. I and VI.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>May we not derive it from Denarius by means of either a +typographical or clerical error in the initial letter. This would +at once give a new name—the very thing they were in want +of—and we may very easily understand its being shortened into +Penny.</p> +<p class="author">G.</p> +<p>Milford, April 15.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>HANNO'S PERIPLUS.</h3> +<p>"Mr. Hampson" has served the cause of truth in defending Hanno +and the Carthaginians from the charge of cruelty, brought against +them by Mr. Attorney-General Bannister. A very slender +investigation of the bearings of the narration would have prevented +it. I know not how Dr. Falconer deals with it, not having his +little volume at hand; but in so common a book as the <i>History of +Maritime Discovery</i>, which forms part of Lardner's <i>Cabinet +Cyclopædia</i>, it is stated that these <i>Gorillæ</i> +were probably some species of <i>ourang-outang</i>. Purchas says +they might be the <i>baboons</i> or <i>Pongos</i> of those +parts.</p> +<p>The amusing, and always interesting, Italian, Hakluyt, in the +middle of the sixteenth century, gives a very good version of the +[Greek: ANNONOS PERIPLOUS], with a preliminary discourse, which +would also have undeceived Mr. Bannister, had he been acquainted +with it, and prevented Mr. Hampson's pleasant exposure of his +error.</p> +<p>Ramusio says, "Seeing that in the Voyage of Hanno there are many +parts worthy of considerate attention, I have judged that it would +be highly gratifying to the studious if I were here to write down a +few extracts from certain memoranda which I formerly noted on +hearing a respectable Portugese pilot, in frequent conversations +with the Count Raimondo della Torre, at Venice, illustrate this +Voyage of Hanno, when read to him, from his own experience." There +are, of course, some erroneous notions in the information of the +pilot, and in the deductions made from it by Ramusio; but the +former had the sagacity to see the truth respecting this <i>Gorgon +Island full of hairy men and women</i>. I will not spoil the +<i>naïveté</i> of the narration by attempting a +translation; merely premising that he judged the Island to be that +of Fernando Po.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"E tutta la descrittione de questo Capitano era simile a quella +per alcun Scrittore Greci, quale parlande dell' isola delle +Gorgone, dicono quella esser un isola in mezzo d'una palude. E +conciacosa che havea inteso che li poeti dicevan le Gorgone esser +femine terribili, però scrisse che le erano pelose.... Ma a +detto pilotto pareva più verisimile di pensare, che havendo +Hannone inteso ne'i libri de' poeti come Perseo era stato per +ære a questa isola, e di quivi reportata la testa di Medusa, +essendo egli ambitioso di far creder al mondo che lui vi fasse +audato per mare; e dar riputation a questo suo viaggio, di esser +penetrato fuio dove era stato Perseo; volesse portar due pelli di +Gorgone, e dedicarla nel tempio di Ginnone. Il che li fu facil cosa +da fare, conciosia cosa che IN TUTTA QUELLA COSTA SI TRUOVINO +INFINITE DI QUELLE SIMIE GRANDE, CHE FARENO PERSONE HUMANE, DELLE +BABUINE, le pelle delle quali poteva far egli credere ad ogniuno +che fussero state di femine."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Gopelin, also, in his <i>Recherches sur la Géographie des +Anciens</i>, speaking of this part of Hanno's voyage, says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Hanno encountered a troop of <i>Ourang-outangs</i>, which he +took for savages, because these animals walk erect, often having a +staff in their hands to support themselves, as well as for attack +or defence; and they throw stones when they are pursued. They are +the Satyrs and the Argipani with which Pliny says Atlas was +peopled. It would be useless to say more on this subject, as it is +avowed <i>by all the modern commentators of the Periplus</i>."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The relation we have is evidently only an abridgment or summary +made by some Greek, studious of Carthaginian affairs, long +subsequent to the time of Hanno; and judging from a passage in +Pliny (I. ii. c. 67.), it appears that the ancients were acquainted +with other extracts from the original, yet, though its authenticity +has been doubted by Strabo and others, there seems to be little +reason to question that it is a correct <i>outline</i> of the +voyage. That the Carthaginians were oppressors of the people they +subjugated may be probable; yet we must not, on such slender +grounds as this narration affords, presume that they would wantonly +kill and flay <i>human beings</i> to possess themselves of their +skins!</p> +<p class="author">S.W. Singer</p> +<p>April 10. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> +<p><i>Cook-eels.</i>—Forby derives this from <i>coquille</i>, +in allusion to their being fashioned like an escallop, in which +sense he is borne out by Cotgrave, who has "<i>Pain +coquillé</i>, a fashion of an hard-crusted loafe, somewhat +like our stillyard bunne." I have always taken the word to be +"coquerells," from <span class="pagenum"><a name="page413" id= +"page413"></a>{413}</span> the vending of such buns at the +barbarous sport of "throwing at the cock" on Shrove Tuesday. The +cock is still commonly called a cockerell in E. Anglia. Perhaps Mr. +Wodderspoon will say whether the buns of the present day are +fashioned in any particular manner, or whether any "the oldest +inhabitant" has any recollection of their being differently +fashioned or at all impressed. What, too, are the "<i>stillyard +buns</i>" of Cotgrave? Are they tea-cakes? The apartment in which +tea was formerly made was called the <i>still</i>-room.</p> +<p class="author">Buriensis.</p> +<p><i>Divination by the Bible and Key.</i>—This superstition +is very prevalent amongst the peasantry of this and adjoining +parishes. When any article is suspected to have been stolen, a +Bible is procured, and opened at the 1st chap. of Ruth: the stock +of a street-door key is then laid on the 16th verse of the above +chapter, and the key is secured in this position by a string, bound +tightly round the book. The person who works the charm then places +his two middle fingers under the handle of the key, and this keeps +the Bible suspended. He then repeats in succession the names of the +parties suspected of the theft; repeating at each name a portion of +the verse on which the key is placed, commencing, "Whither thou +goest, I will go," &c. When the name of the guilty is +pronounced, the key turns off the fingers, the Bible falls to the +ground, and the guilt of the party is determined. The belief of +some the more ignorant of the lower orders in this charm is +unbounded. I have seen it practiced in other counties, the key +being laid over the 5th verse of the 19th chap. of Proverbs, +instead of the 1st chap. of Ruth.</p> +<p class="author">David Stevens.</p> +<p>Godalming, April 11. 1850.</p> +<p class="note">[In Brand's <i>Popular Antiquities</i> (ed. Ellis). +vol. iii. 188-9, it is stated that the key is placed upon the 50th +Psalm.]</p> +<p><i>Weather Proverb.</i>—Weather proverbs are among the +most curious portions of popular literature. That foul or fair +weather is betokened according as the rainbow is seen in the +morning or evening, is recorded in the following German "saw," +which is nearly identical with our well-known English Proverb:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Regenbogen am Morgen</p> +<p>Macht dem Schäfer sorgen;</p> +<p>Regenbogen am Abend</p> +<p>Ist dem Schäfer labend.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>In Mr. Akerman's recently published volume called <i>Spring +Tide</i>, a pleasant intermixture of fly-fishing and philology, we +have a Wiltshire version of this proverb, curious for its old Saxon +language and its comparatively modern allusion to a "great coat" in +the third and sixth lines, which must be interpolations.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"The Rainbow in th' marnin'</p> +<p>Gies the Shepherd warning'</p> +<p>To car' his girt cwoat on his back</p> +<p>The Rainbow at night</p> +<p>Is the Shepherd's delight,</p> +<p>For then no girt cwoat he lack."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>No one, we believe, has yet remarked the philosophy of this +saying; namely that in the morning the rainbow is seen in the +clouds in the west, the quarter from which we get most rain, and of +course, in the evening, in the opposite quarter of the heavens.</p> +<p class="author">William J. Thoms.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES.</h3> +<p>1. A pleasant Dialogue between a Soldier of Barwicke and an +English Chaplain; wherein are largely handed such reasons as are +brought in for maintenance of Popish traditions in our English +Church. 8vo. <i>circa</i> 1581.</p> +<p>This work is frequently attributed to Barnaby Rich; but from +Bancroft's <i>Dangerous Positions</i>, p. 42, the author is +ascertained to have been Anthony Gilby.</p> +<p>2. The Trumpet of Fame; or Sir Francis Drake's and Sir John +Hawkin's Farewell: with an encouragement to all Sailors and +Souldiers that are minded to go in this worthie enterprise, &c. +12mo. London, by T. Creede, 1595.</p> +<p>This poetical tract is of the greatest rarity, and was unknown +to Ames, Herbert, Warton and Ritson. A MS. note, in a contemporary +hand, says the author was one Henry Roberts, whose initials are +appended to the work.</p> +<p>3. The Mastive, or Young Whelpe of the Olde Dogge. Epigrams and +Satyrs, by H.P. 4to. London, by T. Creede, <i>circa</i> 1600.</p> +<p>As an Epigram in this collection also appears in Henry Peacham's +<i>Minerva Britanna</i>, with a slight variation, it is fair to +surmise that he was the author of this very rare volume, in +preference to Henry Parrott.</p> +<p>4. Pasquil's Jests, mixed with Mother Bunch's Merriments. +Whereunto is added a dozen of Gulles. Pretty and pleasant to drive +away the tediousnesse of a winter's evening. 4to. 1608.</p> +<p>In the <i>British Bibliographer</i>, vol i., may be seen an +account of the edition of 1609, with extracts from it, and a +statement that "an earlier edition is without the Gulls." The +present copy (which passed through my hands some years ago), +although earlier, has the Gulls.</p> +<p>5. Holie Historie of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ's +Nativitie, Life, Actes, Miracles, Doctrine, Death, Passion, +Resurrection, and Ascension. Gathered into English Meeter, and +published to withdraw all vajne wits from all unsaverie and wicked +rimes and fables &c. 12mo. London, by R. Field, 1594.</p> +<p>Ames and Herbert say this book was written by <i>Henry</i> +Holland; but the author's name <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page414" id="page414"></a>{414}</span> was Robert Holland. It is +not mentioned by Warton.</p> +<p>6. News from the Stars; or, Erra Pater's Ghost, by Meriton +Latroon. 12mo. 1673.</p> +<p>"Richard Head, a broken bookseller, and the author of the +<i>English Rogue</i>, writ this. He turned Papist, and in his +voyage to Spain was drowned."—<i>MS. note in a contemporary +hand.</i></p> +<p class="author">Edward F. Rimbault.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>POPE, PETRONIUS, AND HIS TRANSLATORS.</h3> +<p>The vindication of Pope from the charge of borrowing his +well-known sentiment—"<i>Worth</i> makes a man," +&c.—from Petronius, is not so completely made out by +"P.C.S.S." as it might be; for surely there is a sufficient +similitude of idea, if not of expression, between the couplet of +Pope and the sentence of Petronius, as given in all four of the +translations cited by him (No. 23. p. 362.)—"The <i>heart</i> +makes the man," &c.—to warrant a notion that the one was +suggested by the other. But the surmise of plagiarism originates in +a misconception of the terms employed by the Latin +author—<i>virtus</i>, <i>frugalitas</i>, and more especially +<i>corcillum</i>,—which have been misunderstood by every one +of these translators. <i>Virtus</i> is applied to mental as well as +bodily superiority (<i>Cic. Fin.</i> v. 13.).—The sense in +which <i>frugalitas</i> is employed by Petronius may be collected +from a preceding passage in the same chapter, where Trimalchio +calls his pet <i>puerum frugalissimum</i>—a very +<i>clever</i> lad—as he explains the epithet by adding that +"he can read at sight, repeat from memory, cast up accounts, and +turn a penny to his own profit." <i>Corcillum</i> is a diminutive +of <i>corculum</i> (like <i>oscillum</i>, from <i>osculum</i>), +itself a diminutive of <i>cor</i>, which word, though commonly put +for "the heart," is also used by the best authors, Lucretius, +Horace, Terence, &c, in the same sense as our <i>wit</i>, +<i>wisdom</i>, <i>intellect</i>. The entire passage, if correctly +translated, might then be expressed as follows:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The time has been, my friends, when I myself was no better off +than you are; but I gained my present position solely by my own +talents (<i>virtute</i>). Wit (<i>corcillum</i>) makes the +man—(or, literally, It is wisdom that makes men of +us)—everything else is worthless lumber. I buy in the +cheapest and sell in the dearest market. But, as I said before, my +own shrewdness (<i>frugalitas</i>) made my fortune. I came from +Asia no taller than that lamp stand; and used to measure my height +against it day by day, and grease my muzzle (<i>rostrum</i>) with +oil from the lamp to make a beard come."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Then follow some additional examples of the youth's sagacity, +not adapted for translation, but equally instances of worldly +wisdom. Thus every one of the actions which Trimalchio enumerated +as the causes of his prosperity are emanations from the +<i>head</i>, not the <i>heart</i>; the results of a crafty +intellect, not of moral feeling; so that the sentiment he +professes, instead of being similar to, is exactly the reverse of +that expressed by Pope.</p> +<p>This explanation seems so satisfactory that we might be well +contented to rest here. But some MSS. have the reading +<i>coricillum</i> instead of <i>corcillum</i>. If that be received +as the genuine one, and some editors prefer it, the interpretation +above given will only be slightly modified, but not destroyed, by +the introduction of another image, the essential point remaining +the same. The insertion of a vowel, <i>i</i>, precludes all +connection with <i>cor</i> and its diminutives, but suggests a +derivation from [Greek: korukos], dim. [Greek: korukion], a +leathern sack or bag, which, when well stuffed, the Greeks used to +suspend in the gymnasium, like the pendulum of a clock (as may be +seem on a fictile vase), to buffet to and fro with blows of the +fist. The stuffed bag will represent the human head on the end of +its trunk; and the word may have been a slang one of the day, or +coined by the Asiatic Trimalchio, whose general language is filled +with provincial patois. The translation would then be, in the +familiar style of the original,—"The <i>noddle</i> makes the +man," &c.</p> +<p class="author">Anthony Rich, Jun.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>QUERIES.</h2> +<h3>WHEN WERE UMBRELLAS INTRODUCED INTO ENGLAND?</h3> +<p>Thomas Coryat, in his <i>Crudities</i>, vol. i. p. 134., gives +us a curious notice of the early use of the umbrella in Italy. +Speaking of fans, he says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"These fans are of a mean price, for a man may buy one of the +fairest of them for so much money as countervaileth one English +groat. Also many of them (the Italians) do carry other fine things +of a far greater price, that will cost at the least a ducat, which +they commonly call in the Italian tongue <i>umbrellaes</i>, that +is, things that minister shadow unto them for shelter against the +scorching heat of the sun. These are made of leather, something +answerable to the form of a little canopy, and hooped in the inside +with diverse little wooden hoops that extend the <i>umbrella</i> in +a pretty large compass. They are used especially by horsemen, who +carry them in their hands when they ride, fastening the end of the +handle upon one of their thighs: and they impart so long a shadow +unto them, that it keepeth the heat of the sun from the upper parts +of their bodies."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Lt.-Col. (afterwards Gen.) Wolfe, writing from Paris, in the +year 1752, says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The people here use umbrellas in hot weather to defend them +from the sun, and something of the same kind to secure them from +snow and rain. I wonder a practice so useful is not introduced in +England, (where there are such frequent showers,) and especially in +the country, where they can be expanded without any +inconveniency."</p> +</blockquote> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page415" id= +"page415"></a>{415}</span> +<p>Query, what is the date of the first introduction of the +<i>umbrella</i> into England?</p> +<p class="author">Edward F. Rimbault</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>Duke of Marlborough.</i>—The Annual Register for the +year 1758 (pp. 121-127.) contains an account of the circumstances +connected with the trial of one Barnard, son of a surveyor in +Abingdon Buildings, Westminster, on a charge of sending letters to +the Duke of Marlborough, threatening his life by means "too fatal +to be eluded by the power of physic," unless his grace "procured +him a genteel support for his life." The incidents are truly +remarkable, pointing most suspiciously toward Barnard; but he +escaped. Can any of your readers refer me to where I can find any +further account or elucidation of this affair?</p> +<p class="author">Buriensis.</p> +<p>"<i>M. or N.</i>"—Of what words are "M. or N." the +initials? Vide the answers to be given in the Church Catechism, and +some of the occasional offices in he liturgy.</p> +<p class="author">J.C.</p> +<p class="note">[It has been suggested that "M. or N." originated +in a misreading of "NOM," a contraction for "<i>nomen</i>." This is +certainly an ingenious explanation, though not a satisfactory +one.]</p> +<p><i>Song of the Bees.</i>—Who was the author of the lines +under this title beginning,</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"We watch for the light of the moon to break</p> +<p>and colour the grey eastern sky</p> +<p>With its blended hues of saffron and lake," &c.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>I have always understood them to be Dr. Aikin's, but latterly +that has been contradicted.</p> +<p class="author">Buriensis.</p> +<p><i>William Godwin.</i>—Can any of your correspondents tell +me where I can find an account of the leading events of the life of +William Godwin, author of <i>Caleb Williams, St. Leon, +Mandeville</i> &c., or any reference to his last hours? His +sentiments, political and religious, are said to have been +<i>peculiar</i>.</p> +<p class="author">N.</p> +<p>Woodbridge, April 15.</p> +<p><i>Regimental Badges.</i>—When were the regimental badges +granted to the first nine infantry corps of the line, and under +what circumstances were they so granted?</p> +<p class="author">J.C.</p> +<p>London, April 15. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Mother of Thomas à Becket.</i>—The well-known +romantic legend of the origin of this lady has been introduced into +the <i>Pictorial History of England</i>, on the authority of +"Brompton in X. Scriptores." And on the same page (552. vol. i.) is +a pictorial representation of the "Baptism of the Mother of Becket, +from the Royal MS. 2 B. vii."</p> +<p>Now, Lord Campbell, in his <i>Lives of the Chancellors</i>, +repudiates the story in toto; but without assigning any other +reason for doing so, than an inference from the silence of Becket +himself and his secretary, Fitzstephen, on the point.</p> +<p>Can any of the learned gentlemen, whose distinguished names +adorn your valuable pages, direct an humble student to the fountain +of truth, for the settlement of this <i>verata questio</i>?</p> +<p class="author">W. Franks Mathews.</p> +<p>Kidderminster, April 7. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Swords worn in public.</i>—Can any of your +correspondents say when swords ceased to be worn as an article of +ordinary dress, and whether the practice was abolished by act of +parliament, or that they gradually went out of fashion.</p> +<p class="author">J.D.A.</p> +<p>April 17. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Emblem and National Motto of Ireland.</i>—How long has +the <i>harp</i> been the emblem, and <i>Erin-go-bragh</i> the +national motto of Ireland? To this I give another query,—What +is the national motto of England?</p> +<p class="author">E.M.B.</p> +<p><i>Latin Distich and Translation.</i>—Who were the authors +of the following Latin Distich, and its English translation?</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Mittitur in disco mihi piscis ab archiepisco—</p> +<p>—Po non ponatur, quia potus non mihi datur."</p> +<p>"I had sent me a fish in a great dish by the archbish—</p> +<p>—Hop is not here, for he gave me no beer."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">E.M.B.</p> +<p><i>Verbum Græcum.</i>—Who was the author of</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Like the <i>verbum Græcum</i></p> +<p>Spermagoraiolekitholukanopolides,</p> +<p>Words that should only be said upon holidays,</p> +<p>When one has nothing else to do."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The <i>verbum Græcum</i> itself is in Aristophanes' +<i>Lysistrata</i>, 457.</p> +<p class="author">E.M.B.</p> +<p><i>Pope Felix.</i>—Who is "Pope Felix," mentioned in +Ælfric's <i>Homily on the Birthday of St. Gregory</i>? +Ælfric, in speaking of the ancestors of St. Gregory, states +that "<i>Felix</i> se eawfaesta <i>papa</i> waes his fifta +faeder,"—"Felix the pious pope was his fifth father," +(<i>i.e.</i> great grandfather's grandfather).</p> +<p class="author">E.M.B.</p> +<p>April 15. 1850.</p> +<p>"<i>Where England's Monarch," and "I'd preach as +though.</i>"—Will any of your subscribers have the kindness +to inform me who was the author of the lines</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Where England's monarch all uncovered sat</p> +<p>And Bradshaw bullied in a broad-brimm'd hat."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>And also of these, quoted by Henry Martyn as "well-known:"</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"I'd preach as though I ne'er should preach again,</p> +<p>I'd preach as dying unto dying men."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">H.G.</p> +<p>Milford, April 15. 1850.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page416" id= +"page416"></a>{416}</span> +<p><i>Latin Epigram.</i>—I should be much obliged to any of +your readers who can inform me who was the author and what is the +date of the following epigram. The peculiarity of it, your readers +will observe, consists in the fact, that while read directly it +contains a strong compliment; yet it is capable of being read +backwards, still forming the same description of verse, but +conveying a perfect reverse of the compliment:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Laus tua, non tua fraus; virtus non copia rerum,</p> +<p class="i2">Scandere te fecit hoc decus eximium,</p> +<p>Pauperibus tua das; nunquam stat janua clausa;</p> +<p class="i2">Fundere res quæris, nec tua multiplicas.</p> +<p>Conditio tua sit stabilis! non tempore parvo</p> +<p class="i2">Vivere te faciat hic Deus omnipotens."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>When reversed, it reads thus:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Omnipotens Deus hic faciat te vivere parvo</p> +<p class="i2">Tempore! Non stabilis sit tua conditio.</p> +<p>Multiplicas tua, nec quæris res fundere; clausa</p> +<p class="i2">Janua stat, nunquam das tua pauperibus.</p> +<p>Eximium decus hoc fecit te scandere rerum</p> +<p class="i2">Copia, non virtus; fraus tua, non tua laus."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Any additional information would much oblige.</p> +<p class="author">O.</p> +<p>April 15. 1850.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>REPLIES.</h2> +<h3>GRAY'S ALCAIC ODE.</h3> +<p>Circumstances enable me to give a reply, which I believe will be +found correct, to the inquiry of "C.B." in p. 382. of your 24th +Number, "Whether Gray's celebrated Latin Ode is actually to be +found entered at the Grande Chartreuse?" The fact is, that the +French Revolution—that whirlwind which swept from the earth +all that came within its reach and seemed elevated enough to offer +opposition—spared not the poor monks of the Chartreuse. A +rabble from Grenoble and other places, attacked the monastery; +burnt, plundered, or destroyed their books, papers, and property, +and dispersed the inmates; while the buildings were left standing, +not from motives of respect, but because they would have been +troublesome and laborious to pull down, and were not sufficiently +combustible to burn.</p> +<p>In travelling on the Continent with a friend, during the summer +of 1817, we made a pilgrimage to the Grande Chartreuse, reaching it +from the side of the Echelles. It was an interesting moment; for at +that very time the scattered remains of the society had collected +together, and were just come again to take possession of and +reinhabit their old abode. And being their <i>jour de +spaciment</i>, the whole society was before us, as they returned +from their little pilgrimage up the mountain, where they had been +visiting St. Bruno's chapel and spring; and it was impossible not +to think with respect of the self-devotion of these men, who, after +having for many years partaken (in a greater or less degree) of the +habits and comforts of a civilised life, had thus voluntarily +withdrawn themselves once more to their stern yet beautiful +solitude (truly, as Gray calls it, a <i>locus severus</i>), there +to practise the severities of their order, without, it may be +supposed, any possessions or means, except what they were +themselves enabled to throw into a common stock; for nearly the +whole of their property had been seized by the government during +the Revolution, and was still held by it.</p> +<p>Our conversation was almost wholly with two of the fathers (they +use the prefix <i>Dom</i>), whose names I forget, and have mislaid +my memorandum of them. One of these had been in England, when +driven out; and was there protected by the Weld family in +Dorsetshire, of whom he spoke in terms of sincere gratitude and +respect. The other told us that he was a native of Chambery, and +had done no more than cross the mountains to get home. On asking +him for Gray's Ode, he shook his head, saying, the Revolution had +robbed them of that, and every thing else; but repeated the first +line of it, so that there was no mistake as to the object of my +inquiry. From what occurred afterwards, it appears, however, to be +questionable whether he knew more than the first line; for I was +informed that later English travellers had been attempting, from a +laudable desire of diffusing information, to write out the whole in +the present Album of the Chartreuse, by contributing a line or +stanza, as their recollection served; but that, after all, this +pic-nic composition was not exactly what Gray wrote. Of course, had +our friend the Dom known how to supply the deficiencies, he would +have done it.</p> +<p>There is a translation of the Ode by James Hay Beattie, son of +the professor and poet, printed amongst his poems, which is much +less known than its merits deserve. And I would beg to suggest to +such of your readers as may in the course of their travels visit +this monastery, that books (need I say <i>proper</i> ones?) would +be a most acceptable present to the library; also, that there is a +regular Album kept, in which those who, in this age of "talent" and +"intelligence," consider themselves able to write better lines than +Gray's, are at liberty to do so if they please.</p> +<p>A very happy conjecture appeared in the <i>European Magazine</i> +some time between 1804 and 1808, as to the conclusion of the +stanzas to Mr. Beattie. The corner of the paper on which they had +been written as torn off; and Mr. Mason supplies what is deficient +in the following manner, the words added by him being printed in +Italics:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Enough for me, if to some feeling breast</p> +<p class="i2">My lines a secret sympathy <i>impart</i>;</p> +<p>And as their pleasing influence <i>flows confest</i>,</p> +<p class="i2">A sign of soft reflection <i>heave the +heart</i>."</p> +</div> +</div> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page417" id= +"page417"></a>{417}</span> +<p>This, it will be seen, is prosaic enough; but the correspondent +of the <i>E. Mag.</i> supposes the lines to have ended differently; +and that the poet, in some peculiar fit of modesty, tore off the +name. His version is this:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Enough for me, if to some feeling breast,</p> +<p class="i2">My lines a secret sympathy <i>convey</i>;</p> +<p>And as their pleasing influence <i>is imprest</i>,</p> +<p class="i2">A sigh of soft reflection <i>heave for Gray</i>."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>One word upon another poet, Byron <i>v</i>. Tacitus, in p. 390. +of your 24th Number. There can be no doubt that the noble writer +had this passage of Tacitus in his mind, when he committed the +couplet in question to paper; but, in all probability, he +considered it so well known as not to need acknowledgment. Others +have alluded to it in the same way. The late Rev. W. Crowe, B.C.L., +of New College, Oxford, and public orator of that University, in +some lines recited by his son at the installation of Lord +Grenville, has the following:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And when he bids the din of war to cease,</p> +<p>He calls the silent desolation—peace."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>I wonder where Lord Byron stole stanzas 1, 2, 3, 4, of the +second canto of <i>The Bride of Abydos</i>; to say nothing of some +more splendid passages in the first and second cantos of <i>Childe +Harold</i>?</p> +<p class="author">W. (1.)</p> +<hr /> +<h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>Chapels.</i>—Perhaps the following remarks will be of +service to "Mr. GATTY" in the solution of his Queries touching the +word <i>Chapel</i> (No. 21.).</p> +<p>Spelman (<i>Glossary, sub voce</i>) endeavours to convince us +that <i>capella</i> is the same as <i>capsella</i>, the diminutive +of <i>capsa</i>; thus making <i>chapel</i>, in the first instance, +"a small repository" (<i>sc.</i> of relics). Richardson is also in +favour of this etymon, notwithstanding its harshness and +insipidity. I think the common derivation (from <i>capella</i>, +diminutive of <i>capa</i>) very much preferable to any other, both +on the score of philology and of history. Ducange has quoted +several passages, all tending to evince that <i>capella</i> +(explained by the Teutonic <i>voccus</i>) was specially applied to +the famous vestment of St. Martin, comprising his cloak and hood +(not merely his <i>hat</i>, as some writers mention). The name was +then metonymically transferred to the repository in which that +relic was preserved, and afterwards, by a natural expansion, became +the ordinary designation of the smaller sanctuaries. This +derivation is distinctly affirmed by Walafred Strabo about 842, and +by a monk of St. Gall, placed by Basnage about 884. The earliest +instance where the word <i>capella</i> is used for the vestment of +St. Martin appears to be in a "Placitum" of Theodoric, King of +France, who ascended the throne A.D. 672—"in oratorio nostro +super capella Domini Martini ... hæc dibiret conjurare." In a +second "Placitum," also quoted by Ducange, of Childebert, King of +France (<i>circa</i> 695), the word <i>capella</i> seems to mean a +<i>sacred building</i>—"in oratorio suo seu capella Sancti +Marthini." And in a charter of Charles the Simple, <i>circ.</i> +900, the term unquestionably occurs in this latter signification, +disconnected from St. Martin. Other illustrations may be seen in +Ducange, who has bestowed especial industry on the words +<i>capa</i> and <i>capella</i>.</p> +<p>With respect to the <i>legal</i> definition of the modern +<i>chapel</i>, I may mention that, in stat. 7 & 8 Geo. IV. c. +29. s. 10., it signifies, according to Mr. Stephens (<i>Eccl. +Statutes</i>, p. 1357.), "a chapel where the rites and ceremonies +of the Church of England are performed, and does not include the +chapels of Dissenters." In stat. 7 & 8 Geo. IV. c. 30., we +read, notwithstanding, of "any <i>chapel</i> for the religious +worship of persons dissenting from the United Church of England and +Ireland."</p> +<p class="author">C.H.</p> +<p>St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge.</p> +<p><i>Chapels</i> (No. 20. p. 333., and No. 23. p. 371.).—The +opinion of the "BARRISTER" that this term had come into use as a +designation of dissenting places of worship from no "idea of either +assistance or opposition to the Church of England," but only as a +supposed means of security to the property, is probably correct. +Yet it is likely different reasons may have had weight in different +places.</p> +<p>However, he is mistaken in "believing that we must date the +adoption of that term from about" forty years ago. I am seventy-six +years old, and I can bear testimony, that from my infancy it was +the term universally employed in Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Cheshire, +Lancashire, and, I think probable, in the more northern counties. +In common speech, it was used as the word of discrimination from +the Methodist places of worship, which bore the name of +<i>Meeting-houses</i>, or, more generally, <i>Meetings</i>. But +within the period (forty years) assigned by your learned +correspondent, I think that I have observed the habit to have +extensively obtained of applying the term <i>Chapels</i> to the +latter class of places.</p> +<p>I have abundant evidence of the general use of the term for +dissenting buildings, back to the seventeenth century. From my +early life, I remember the current opinion to have been that +<i>Chapel</i> was the word in use north of the Trent, and +<i>Meeting-house</i> in Nottingham and southwards.</p> +<p>An eminent antiquary, the Rev. Joseph Hunter, F.S.A., could cast +a full light upon this subject.</p> +<p class="author">J.P.S.</p> +<p>Homerton, April 15.</p> +<p><i>Beaver</i> (No. 21. p. 338.).—The earliest form of this +word is <i>fiber</i>, which is used to signify the animal, the +<i>Castor</i>, by Varro and Pliny. The fabulous story of the +self-emasculation by which the beaver eludes pursuit, is thus +introduced by Silius, in illustrating the flight of +Hasdrubal:—</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page418" id= +"page418"></a>{418}</span> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Fluminei veluti deprensus gurgitis undis,</p> +<p>Avulsâ parte inguinibus caussaque pericli,</p> +<p>Enatat intento prædæ <i>fibor</i> avius hoste."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Punica</i>, IV. 485-8, where see Ruperti.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The scholiast on Juvenal, xii. 34., has the low Latin +<i>vebrus</i>. (See Forcellini, Lex. in <i>Fiber</i> et +<i>Castor</i>, Ducange in <i>Bever</i>, and Adelung in +<i>Biber</i>.) Derivations of the word <i>bebrus</i> occur in all +the languages of Europe, both Romanic and Teutonic; and denote the +Castor. <i>Beaver</i>, in the sense of a <i>hat</i> or <i>cap</i>, +is a secondary application, derived from the material of which the +hat or cap was made.</p> +<p class="author">W.</p> +<p><i>Poins and Bardolph</i> (No. 24. p. 385.)—Mr. Collier +(Life prefixed to the edit. of <i>Shakspeare</i>, p. 139.) was the +first to notice that Bardolph, Fluellen, and Awdrey, were names of +persons living at Stratford in the lifetime of the poet; and Mr. +Halliwell (<i>Life of Shakspeare</i>, pp. 126-7) has carried the +subject still further, and shown that the names of ten characters +in the plays are also found in the early records of that town. +Poins was, I believe, a common Welsh name.</p> +<p class="author">S.</p> +<p><i>God tempers the Wind</i> (No. 22. p. 357.)—Le Roux de +Liney, <i>Livre des Proverbes Français</i> (Paris, 1842), +tom. i. p. 11., cites the following proverbs—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Dieu mesure le froid à la brebis tondue,</p> +<p class="i10">ou,</p> +<p>Dieu donne le froid selon la robbe,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>from Henri Estienne, <i>Prémices</i>, &c., p. 47., a +collection of proverbs published in 1594. He also quotes from +Gabriel Meurier, <i>Trésor des Sentences</i>, of the +sixteenth century:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Dieu aide les mal vestus."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">SIWEL.</p> +<p>April 5. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Sterne's Koran</i> (No. 14. p. 216.)—An inquiry +respecting this work appeared in the <i>Gent. Mag.</i>, vol. lxvii. +pt. ii. p. 565.; and at p. 755. we are told by a writer under the +signature of "Normanus," that in <i>his</i> edition of Sterne, +printed at Dublin, 1775, 5 vols. 12mo., the Koran was placed at the +end, the editor honestly confessing that it was <i>not</i> the +production of Sterne, but of Mr. Richard Griffith (son of Mrs. +Griffith, the <i>Novellettist</i>), then a gentleman of large +fortune seated at Millecent, co. Kildare, and married to a daughter +of the late Ld. C.B. Burgh.</p> +<p>I possess a copy of an indifferent edition of Sterne's works, in +point of paper and type, "Printed for J. Mozley, Gainsbrough, 1795. +8 vols. 12mo." The Koran is in the sixth vol., termed "The +Posthumous Works of L. Sterne," dedicated to the Earl of Charlemont +by the editor, who, in his address to the reader, professes to have +received the MS. from the hands of the author some time before his +untimely death.</p> +<p>This I hope will answer the Query of "E.L.N.:" and at the same +time I wish to express my regret, that we do not possess a really +good and complete edition of Sterne's Works, with a Life and +literary history of them, incorporating the amusing illustrations +by Dr. Ferriar.</p> +<p>F.R.A.</p> +<p class="author">April 12. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Lollius.</i>—In answer to "J.M.B." (No. 19. p. 303.) as +to who was the Lollius spoken of by Chaucer, I send you the +following. <i>Lollius</i> was the real or fictitious name of the +author or translator of many of our Gothic prose romances. +D'Israeli, in his admirable <i>Amenities of Literature</i>, vol. i. +p. 141., says:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"In some colophons of the prose romances the names of real +persons are assigned as the writers; but the same romance is +equally ascribed to different persons, and works are given as +translations which in fact are originals. Amid this prevailing +confusion, and these contradictory statements, we must agree with +the editor of Warton, that we cannot with any confidence name the +author of any of these prose romances. Ritson has aptly treated +these pseudonymous translators as 'men of straw.' We may say of +them all, as the antiquary Douce, in the agony of his baffled +researches after one of their favourite authorities, a Will o' the +Wisp named LOLLIUS, exclaimed, somewhat gravely,—'Of Lollius +it will become every one to speak with diffidence.'"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Perhaps this "scrap" of information may lead to something more +extensive.</p> +<p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> +<p><i>Henry Ryder, Bishop of Killaloe</i> (No. 24. p. +383).—Henry Ryder, D.D., a native of Paris, and Bishop of +Killaloe, after whose paternity "W.D.R." inquires, was advanced to +that see by patent dated June 5. 1693 (not 1692), and consecrated +on the Sunday following in the church of Dunboyne, in the co. +Meath. See Archdeacon Cotton's <i>Fasti Ecclesiæ +Hibernicæ</i>, vol. i. p. 404., who gives an account of his +family.</p> +<p class="author">W.(I.)</p> +<p><i>Brown Study</i> (No. 22. p. 352.).—Surely a corruption +of brow-study, brow being derived from to old German, <i>braun</i>, +in its compound form <i>ang-braun</i>, an eyebrow. (Vide Wachter, +<i>Gloss. Germ.</i>)</p> +<p class="author">HENNES</p> +<p><i>Seven Champions of Christendom.</i>—Who was the author +of <i>The Seven Champions of Christendom</i>?</p> +<p class="author">R.F. JOHNSON.</p> +<p class="note">[<i>The Seven Champions of Christendom</i>, which +Ritson describes as "containing all the lies of Christendom in one +lie," was written by the well-known Richard Johnson. Our +correspondent will find many curious particulars of his various +works in the Introduction which Mr. Chappell has prefixed to one of +them, viz. <i>The Crown Garland of Golden Roses</i>, edited by him +from the edition of 1612 for the Percy Society.]</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page419" id= +"page419"></a>{419}</span> +<p>"<i>Tempora mutantur nos et mutamur in illis</i>."—"E.V." +(p. 215.) is referred to Cicero <i>De Officiis</i>, lib. i. cap. +10., and Ovid, <i>Met</i>. lib. xv. 165. et seqq.</p> +<p>"<i>Vox Præterea nihil</i>."—"C.W.G." (p. 247.) is +also referred to Ovid, <i>Met</i>. lib. iii. 397., and Lactantius, +lib. iii. Fab. v. These are the nearest approximations I know.</p> +<p class="author">A.W.</p> +<p><i>Vox Populi Vox Dei.</i>—The words "Populi vox, vox +Dei," stand as No. 97. among the "Aphorismi Politici ex Ph. +Cominoeo," in a small volume in my possession, entitled,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Aphorismi Politici et Militares, etc. par Lambertum +Danæum collecti. Lugduni Batavorum. CID IDC XXX IX."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>There is no reference given to book or chapter; and, judging +from the manner in which the aphorisms of Thucydides and Tacitus +(which I have been able to examine) are quoted, I fear it may be +found that the words in question are rather a condensation of some +paragraph by Des Comines that the <i>ipsissima verba</i> that he +employed.</p> +<p class="author">C. FORBES.</p> +<p>Temple.</p> +<p><i>The Cuckoo.</i>—In respect to the Query of "G." (No. +15. p. 230.), on the cuckoo, as the Welsh Ambassador, I would +suggest that it was in allusion to the annual arrival of Welshmen +in search of summer and other employment. As those wanderers may +have entered England about the time of the cuckoo's appearance, the +idea that the bird was the precursor of the Welsh might thus become +prevalent. Also, on the quotation given by "PETIT ANDRÉ" +(No. 18. p. 283.) of Welsh parsley, or hempen halters, it may have +derived its origin from the severity practised on the Welsh, in the +time of their independence, when captured on the English side of +the border,—the death of the prisoner being inevitable.</p> +<p class="author">GOMER.</p> +<p><i>Ancient Titles</i> (No. 11. p. 173.).—It may be +interesting to your querist "B." to know that the seal of the +borough of Chard, in the county of Somerset, has two birds in the +position which he describes, with the date 1570.</p> +<p class="author">S.S.S.</p> +<p><i>Daysman</i> (No. 12. p. 188., No. 17. p. 267.).—For +quoted instances of this, and other obsolete words, see Jameson's +<i>Bible Glossary</i>, just published by Wertheim in Paternoster +Row.</p> +<p class="author">S.S.S.</p> +<p><i>Safeguard</i> (No. 17. p. 267.).—The article of dress +for the purpose described is still used by farmers' wives and +daughters in the west of England, and is known by the same +name.</p> +<p class="author">S.S.S.</p> +<p><i>Finkle</i> (No. 24. p. 384.).—means <i>fennel</i>. Mr. +Halliwell (<i>Dict.</i> p. 357.) quotes from a MS. of the +<i>Nominale</i>, "fynkylsede, <i>feniculum</i>."</p> +<p class="author">L.</p> +<p><i>Gourders of Rain</i> (No. 21. p. 335., No. 22. p. +357.).—Has the word "Gourders" any connection with +<i>Gourtes</i>, a stream, or pool? See Cotgrave's <i>Dict.</i>, and +Kelham's <i>Dict. of the Norman Language</i>.</p> +<p><i>Geotere</i> is the A.-S. word for "melter;" but may not the +term be applied to the pourer out of anything? Gourd is used by +Chaucer in the sense of a vessel. (See <i>Prol. to the Manciple's +Tale</i>.)</p> +<p class="author">C.I.R.</p> +<p><i>Urbanus Regius</i> (No. 23. p. 367.).—The "delightful +old lady" is informed that "Urbanus Regius" (or Urban le Roi) was +one of the reformers, a native of Langenargen, in Germany. His +works were published under the title of <i>Vitet et Opera Urbani +Regii, &c.</i>, Norib. 1562. His theological works have been +translated into English, as the lady is aware.</p> +<p class="author">W. FRANKS MATHEWS.</p> +<p>Kidderminster, April 7. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Horns</i> (No. 24. p. 383.).—Rosenmüller ad Exodum +xxxiv. 29.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>Ignorabat quods plenderet entis faciei ejus</i>. Vulgatus +interpres reddidit. <i>Ignorabat quod cornuta esset facies sua</i>, +quia verbum <i>Karan</i> denominativum nominis <i>Keren, cornu</i>; +opinatus est denotare, <i>cornua habere</i>; hine nata opinio, +Mosis faciem fuisse cornutam. Sed nomen [Hebrew: keren] ob +similitudinem et ad <i>radios</i> transferri, docet Haliæ, m. +4. ubi de fulminibus dicitur.... Hic denotat <i>emisit radias</i>, +i.e. splenduit." LXX. [Greek: dedoxastai]. Our version, +<i>shone</i>.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>R. ad Psal. xxii. seems to say, that in Arabic there is the like +metaphor, of the sun's rays to a deer's horns. R. adds, that the +Jews also attributed horns to Moses in another sense, figuratively +for power, as elsewhere.</p> +<p><i>Tauriformis.</i>—The old scholiasts on Horace say that +rivers are always represented with horns, "propter impetum et +mugitum æquarum."</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Corniger Hesperidum fluvius."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>An old modern commentator observes, that in Virgil "Rhenus +bicornis," rather applies to its two æstuaries.</p> +<p>When Milton says (xi. 831.) "push'd by the horned flood," he +seems rather to mean, as Newton explains him, that "rivers, when +they meet with anything to obstruct their passage, divide +themselves and become <i>horned</i> as it were, and hence the +ancients have compared them to bulls."</p> +<p class="author">C.B.</p> +<p class="note">["M." (Oxford) refers our correspondent to +Facciolati, <i>Lexicon</i>, ed. Bailey, voc. <i>Corun</i>.]</p> +<p><i>Horns</i> (No. 24. p. 383.).—1. Moses' face, Ex. ch. +xxxiv. (<i>karan</i>, Heb.), shot out beams or <i>horns</i> of +light (from <i>keren</i>, Heb.); so the first beams of the rising +sun are by the Arabian poets compared to horns. Absurdly rendered +by Aqu. and Vulg. (facies) <i>cornuta erat</i>. Whence painters +represent Moses as having horns.—Gesenius, <i>Heb. +Lex.</i></p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page420" id= +"page420"></a>{420}</span> +<p>2. There appear many reasons for likening rivers to bulls. +Euripides calls Cephisus taumomorphos, and Horace gives Aufidus the +same epithet, for the same reason probably, as makes him call it +also "longe sonans," "violentus," and "acer;" viz., the bull-like +roaring of its waters, and the blind fury of its course, especially +in flood time. Other interpretations may be given: thus, Milton, +Dryden, and others, speak of the "horned flood," <i>i.e.</i>, a +body of water which, when it meets with any obstruction, divides +itself and becomes <i>horned</i>, as it were. See Milt. P.L. xi. +831., and notes on the passage by Newton and Todd. Dryden speaks of +"the seven-fold <i>horns</i> of the Nile," using the word as +equivalent to winding stream. It would be tedious to multiply +examples.</p> +<p>3. Of this phrase I have never seen a satisfactory explanation. +"Coruna nasci" is said by Petronius, in a general sense, of one in +great distress. As applied to a cuckold, it is common to most of +the modern European languages. The Italian phrase is "becco +cornuto" (horned goat), which the Accademici della Crusca explain +by averring that that animal, unlike others can without anger bear +a rival in his female's love.</p> +<p>"Dr. Burn, in his <i>History of Westmoreland</i>, would trace +this <i>crest</i> of <i>cuckoldom</i> to horns worn as crests by +those who went to the Crusades, as their armorial distinctions; to +the infidelity of consorts during their absence, and to the finger +of scorn pointed at them on their return; crested indeed, but +abused."—<i>Todd's Johnson's Dictionary</i>.</p> +<p class="author">R.T.H.G.</p> +<p><i>Why Moses represented with Horns.</i>—You may inform +your querist "L.C." (No. 24 p. 383.), that the strange practice of +making Moses appear horned, which is not confined to statues, arose +from the mistranslation of Exod. xxxiv. 30. & 35. in the +Vulgate, which is to the Romanist his authenticated scripture. For +there he reads "faciem Moysi cornutum," instead of "the skin of +Moses' face shone." The Hebrew verb put into our type is +<i>coran</i>, very possibly the root of the Latin <i>cornu</i>: and +its primary signification is to put forth horns; its secondary, to +shoot forth rays, to shine. The participle is used in its primary +sense in Psalms, xix. 31.; but the Greek Septuagint, and all +translators <i>from the Hebrew</i> into modern European languages, +have assigned to the verb its secondary meaning in Exod. xxxiv. In +that chapter the nominative to <i>coran</i> is, in both verses, +undeniably <i>skin</i>, not <i>head</i> nor <i>face</i>. Now it +would obviously be absurd to write "his skin was horned," so that +common sense, and the authority of the Septuagint, supported by the +language of St. Paul in his paraphrase and comment on this passage +in 2 Cor. iii. 7-13., ought to have been sufficient to guide any +Christian translator as to the sense to be attached to <i>coran</i> +in the mention of Moses.</p> +<p class="author">H.W.</p> +<p>Oxford, April 16, 1850.</p> +<p class="note">[We have since received replies to a similar +effect, from "SIR EDMUND FILMER," "J.E.," &c. "R.G." refers our +Querist to Leigh's <i>Critica Særa</i>, part I. p. 219. +London, 1662; and "M." refers him to the note on this passage in +Exodus in M. Polus' <i>Synopsis Criticorum</i>. To "T.E." we are +indebted for Notes on other portions of "L.C.'s" Queries.]</p> +<p><i>The Temple or A Temple.</i>—"Mr. Foss" says (No. 21. p. +335.) that in Tyrwhitt's edition of Chaucer and in all other copies +he has seen, the reading is—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"A gentil manciple was there of a temple."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>In an imperfect black-letter folio copy of Chaucer in my +possession (with curious wood-cuts, but without title-page, or any +indications of its date, printer, &c.), the reading +is—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"A gentyl mancyple was there of <i>the</i> temple."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>That the above is the true reading ("the real passage"), and +that it is to be applied to <i>the</i> temple, appears to me from +what follows, in the description of the manciple.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Of maysters had he moo than thryes ten</p> +<p>That were of lawe expirte and curyous,</p> +<p>Of whyche there were a dosen in that hous</p> +<p>Worthy to be," &c.;</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">P.H.F.</p> +<p>March 23, 1850.</p> +<p><i>Ecclesiastical Year</i> (No. 24. p. 381.).—The +following note on the calendar is authority for the statement +respecting the beginning of the ecclesiastical year:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Note that the Golden Number and the Dominicall letter doeth +change euery yeere the first day of January. Note also, that the +yeere of our Lord beginneth the xxv. day of March, the same +supposed to be the first day upon which the world was created, and +the day when Christ was conceived in the womb of the Virgin +Mary."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>As in the Book of Common Prayer, Lond. 1614, p. 2. Bishop Cosins +remarks, "beginneth the 25th day of March."</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Romani annum suum auspicantur ad calendas Januarias. Idem +faciunt hodierni Romani et qui in aliis regnis papæ +authoritatem agnoseunt. Ecclesia autem Anglicana sequitur +suppotationem antiquam a Dionysio Exiguo inchoatum, anno Christi +532."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Nicholl's Commentary on the Book of Common Prayer, additional +notes, p. 10. Fol. Lond. 1712, vid. loe.</p> +<p>In the Book of Common Prayer, Oxford, 1716, the note +is,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>Note.</i>—The supputation of the year of our Lord in +the Church of England beginneth the five-and-twentieth day of +March."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This note does not now appear in our Prayer Books, being +omitted, I suppose, in consequence <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page421" id="page421"></a>{421}</span> of the adoption of the new +style in England in 1752. The daily course of lessons used to +begin, as it does now, with the Book of Genesis and of St. Matthew, +in January; the collects, epistles, and gospels with those for +Advent.</p> +<p class="author">M.</p> +<p>Oxford.</p> +<p><i>Paying through the Nose</i> (No. 21. p. 335.).—I have +always understood this to be merely a degenerated pronunciation of +the last word. Paying through <i>the noose</i> gives the idea so +exactly, that, as far as the etymology goes, it is explanatory +enough. But whether <i>that</i> reading has an historical origin +may be another question. It scarcely seems to need one.</p> +<p class="author">C.W.H.</p> +<p><i>Quem Deus vult perdere, &c.</i> (No. 22. p. +351.).—The correct reading is, "Quem Jupiter vult perdere, +dementat prius." See Duport's <i>Gnomologia Homerica</i>, p. 282. +(Cantab. 1660.) Athenagoras quotes Greek lines, and renders them in +Latin (p. 121. Oxon. 1682):</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"At dæmon homini quum struit aliquid malum,</p> +<p>Pervertit illi primitus mentem suam."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The word "dementat" is not to be met with, I believe, in the +works of any real classical author. Butler has employed the idea in +part 3. canto 2. line 565. of <i>Hudibras</i>:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Like men condemned to thunderbolts,</p> +<p>Who, ere the blow, become mere dolts."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">C.I.R.</p> +<p><i>Shrew</i> (No. 24. p. 381.).—The word, I apprehend, +means sharp. The mouse, which is not the field-mouse, as Halliwell +states, but an animal of a different order of quadrupeds, has a +very sharp snout. Shrewd means sharp generally. Its bad sense is +only incidental. They seem connected with scratch; screw; shrags, +the end of sticks or furze (Halliwell); to shred (A.-S., screadan, +but which must be a secondary form of the verb). That the +shrew-mouse is called in Latin <i>sorex</i>, seems to be an +accidental coincidence. That is said to be derived from [Greek: +urax]. The French have confounded the two, and give the name +<i>souris</i> to the common mouse, but <i>not</i> to the +shrew-mouse.</p> +<p>I protest, for one, against admitting that Broc is derived from +<i>broc</i>, persecution, which of course is participle from break. +We say "to badger" for to annoy, to teaze. I suppose two centuries +hence will think the name of the animal is derived from that verb, +and not the verb from it. It means also, in A.-S., <i>equus +vilis</i>, a horse that is worn out or "broken down."</p> +<p class="author">C.B.</p> +<p><i>Zenobia</i> (No. 24. p. 383.).—Zenobia is said to be +"gente Judaea," in Hoffman's <i>Lexicon Universale</i>, and +Facciolati, ed. Bailey, Appendix, voc. <i>Zenobia</i>.</p> +<p class="author">M.</p> +<p>Oxford.</p> +<p><i>Cromwell's Estates</i> (No. 24. p. 389.).—There is +Woolaston, in Gloucestershire, four miles from Chepstow, chiefly +belonging now to the Duke of Beaufort.</p> +<p class="author">C.B.</p> +<p><i>Vox et præterea Nihil</i> (No. 16. p. 247., and No. 24. +p. 387.).—This saying is to be found in Plutarch's <i>Laconic +Apophthegms</i> ([Greek: Apophthegmata Lakonika]), Plutarchi +<i>Opera Moralia</i>, ed. Dan. Wyttenbach, vol. i. p. 649.</p> +<p>Philemon Holland has "turned it into English" thus:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Another [Laconian] having plucked all the feathers off from a +nightingale, and seeing what a little body it had: 'Surely,' quoth +he, 'thou art all voice, and nothing else.'"—<i>Plutarch's +Morals</i>, fol. 1603. p. 470.</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">W.B.R.</p> +<p><i>Law of Horses.</i>—The following is from Oliphant's +<i>Law of Horses, &c.</i>, p. 75. Will any of your readers +kindly tell me whether the view is correct?</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"It is said in <i>Southerene</i> v. <i>Howe</i> (2 Rol. Rep. +5.), <i>Si home vend chivall que est lame, null action gist peur +ceo, mes</i> caveat emptor: <i>lou jeo vend chivall que ad null +oculus la null action gist; autrement lou il ad un conterfeit faux +et</i> bright eye." "If a man sell a horse which is lame, no action +lyes for that, but <i>caveat emptor</i>; and when I sell a horse +that has <i>no</i> eye, there no action lies; otherwise where he +has a counterfeit, false, and <i>bright eye</i>."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Thus it appears that a distinction is here made between a horse +having <i>no</i> eye at all, and having a counterfeit, false or +<i>bright</i> one. And probably by <i>bright eye</i> is meant +<i>glass eye</i>, or <i>gutta serena</i>; and the words +"counterfeit" and "false" may be an attempt of the reporter to +explain an expression which he did not understand. Because putting +a false eye into a horse is far in advance of the sharpest +practices of the present day, or of any former period.</p> +<p>Note.—<i>Gutta Serena</i>, commonly called glass-eye, is a +species of blindness; the pupil is unusually dilated; it is +immovable, bright, and glassy.</p> +<p class="author">G.H. HEWIT OLIPHANT.</p> +<p>April 16. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Christ's Hospital.</i>—In reply to "NEMO" (No. 20. p. +318.), a contemporary of the eminent Blues there enumerated, +informs him, that although he has not a perfect recollection of the +ballads then popular at Christ's Hospital, yet "NEMO" may be +pleased to learn, that on making search at the Society of +Antiquaries for Robin Hood Ballads, he found in a folio volume of +Broadsides, &c., one of the much interest and considerable +length in relation to that school. The Ballad must also be rare, as +it is not among those in the two large volumes which have been for +many years in the British Museum, nor is it in the three volumes of +Roxburgh Ballads recently purchased for that noble library.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page422" id= +"page422"></a>{422}</span> +<p>The undersigned believes that the only survivor of the scholars +at Christ's Hospital mentioned by "NEMO," is the Rev. Charles +Valentine Le Grice, now residing at Trerieffe, near Penzance.</p> +<p class="author">J.M.G.</p> +<p>Worcester, March 22. 1850.</p> +<p class="note">[We are happy to say that one other, at least, of +the Christ Hospital worthies enumerated by "NEMO" still +survives—Mr. Leigh Hunt, whose kindly criticism and real +poetic feeling have enriched our literature with so many volumes of +pleasant reading, and won for him the esteem of a large circle of +admirers.]</p> +<p><i>Tickhill, God help me!</i> (No. 16. p. 247.).—"H.C. ST. +CROIX" informs us that a similar expression is in use in +Lincolnshire. Near to the town of "merry Lincoln" is a large heath +celebrated for its cherries. If a person meets one of the +cherry-growers on his way to market, and asks him where he comes +from, the answer will be, if the season is favourable, "From +Lincoln Heath, where should 'un?" but if, on the contrary, there is +a scarcity of cherries, the reply will be, "From Lincoln Heath, God +help 'un."</p> +<p>"DISS" informs us, too, that this saying is not confined to +Tickhill, Melverly, or Pershore, but is also current at Letton, on +the banks of the Wye, between Hereford and Hay. And "H.C.P." says +the same story is told of the inhabitants of Tadley, in the north +of Hampshire, on the borders of Berkshire.</p> +<p><i>Robert Long</i> (No. 24. p. 382.).—Rear-Admiral Robert +Long died 4th <i>July</i>, 1771, having been superannuated on the +half-pay of rear-admiral some time before his death. His seniority +in the navy was dated from 21st March, 1726, and he was posted in +the Shoreham. He never was <i>Sir</i> Robert. An account of the +charity he founded may be seen in the <i>Commissioners' Reports on +Charities</i>, vol. iii. iv. vi.</p> +<p class="author">G.</p> +<p><i>Transposition of Letters</i> (No. 19. p. +298.).—Instances of shortened names of places. Bensington, +Oxfordshire, now called Benson; Stadhampton, Oxfordshire, now +called Stadham; and in Suffolk the following changes have taken +place; Thelnetham is called Feltam; Hoxney, Oxen.</p> +<p class="author">C.I.R.</p> +<p><i>The Complaynt of Scotland</i>.—I believe there has not +been discovered recently any fact relative to the authorship of +above-mentioned poem, and that the author is,</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Sir David Lyndsay of the Mount,</p> +<p>Lord Lyon King-at-Arms."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">W.B.</p> +<p><i>Note Books</i> (No. 3. p. 43., and No. 7. p. 104.)—I +beg to state my own mode, than which I know of none better. I have +<i>several</i> books, viz., for History, Topography, Personal and +Family History, Ecclesiastical Affairs, Heraldry, Adversaria. At +the end of each volume is an alphabet, with six columns, one for +each vowel; in one or other of which the word is entered according +to the vowel which first appears in it, with a reference to the +page. Thus, <i>bray</i> would come under B.a; <i>church</i> under +C.u.; and so forth.</p> +<p class="author">S.S.S.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MISCELLANIES.</h3> +<p><i>MSS. of Casaubon.</i>—There is a short statement +respecting certain MSS., now existing, of the great critic +Casaubon, in a recent volume of the Parker Society—Whitaker's +<i>Disputation on Holy Scripture</i>, edited and translated by +Professor Fitzgerald, Professor of Moral Philosophy, Dublin, which +I conceive is one of those facts which might be of service at some +future time to scholars, from having been recorded in your +columns:—</p> +<p>Whitaker having observed—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"One Herman, a most impudent papist, affirms that the scriptures +are of no more avail than Aesop's fables, apart from the testimony +of the church."—(Parker Soc. transl., p. 276.)</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Professor Fitzgerald appends the following "note:"—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Casaubon, Exercit. Baron. I. xxxiii. had, but doubtfully, +attributed this to Pighius; but in a MS. note preserved in Primate +Marsh's library, at St. Sepulchre's, Dublin, he corrects himself +thus: 'Non est hic, sed quidam Hermannus, ait Wittakerus in +Præfat. Controvers. I. Quæst. S. p. 314.' If a new +edition of those Exercitations be ever printed, let not these MSS. +of that great man, which, with many other valuable records, we owe +to the diligence of Stillingfleet and the munificence of Marsh, be +forgotten."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">T.</p> +<p>Bath</p> +<hr /> +<h3>ON A VERY TALL BARRISTER NAMED "LONG."</h3> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Longi longorum longissime, Longe, virorum,</p> +<p>Dic mihi, te quæso, num <i>Breve</i> quicquid habes?</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">W.(1.)</p> +<hr /> +<h3>"NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR."</h3> +<p><i>On a very bad book: from the Latin of Melancthon</i>.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>A thousand blots would never cure this stuff;</p> +<p>One might, I own, if it were large enough.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">RUFUS.</p> +<hr /> +<p><i>Close Translation.</i>—The following is a remarkable +instance; for it is impossible to say which is the original and +which the translation, they are so nearly equivalent:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Boys and girls, come out to play;</p> +<p>The moon doth shine as bright as day;</p> +<p>Come with a whoop, come with a call,</p> +<p>Come with a good will, or come not at all."</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page423" id= +"page423"></a>{423}</span></div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Garçons et filles, venez toujours;</p> +<p>La lune fait clarté comme le jour;</p> +<p>Venez au bruit d'un joyeux éclat;</p> +<p>Venez de bon coeur, ou ne venez pas."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">W.(1.)</p> +<p><i>St. Antholin's Parish Books.</i>—In common with many of +your antiquarian readers, I look forward with great pleasure to the +selection from the entries in the St. Antholin's Parish Books, +which are kindly promised by their present guardian, and, I may +add, intelligent expositor, "W.C."</p> +<p>St. Antholin's is, on several accounts, one of the most +interesting of our London churches; it was here, Strype tells us +(<i>Annals</i>, I. i. p. 199.), "the new morning prayer," +<i>i.e.</i>, according to the new reformed service-book, first +began in September, 1559, the bell beginning to ring at five, when +a psalm was sung after the Geneva fashion, all the congregation, +men, women, and boys, singing together. It is much to be regretted +that these registers do not extend so far back as this year, as we +might have found in them entries of interest to the Church +historian; but as "W.C." tells us the volumes are kept regularly up +to the year 1708, I cannot but hope he may be able to produce some +notices of what Mr. P. Cunningham calls, "the Puritanical fervour" +of this little parish. "St. Antling's bell," and "St. Antling's +preachers," were proverbial for shrillness and prolixity, and the +name is a familiar one to the students of our old dramatists. Let +"W.C." bear in mind, that the chaplains of the Commissioners of the +Church of Scotland, with Alexander Henderson at their head, +preached here in 1640, commanding crowded audiences, and that a +passage was formed from the house where they lodged into a gallery +of this church; and that the pulpit of St. Antholin's seems, for +many years, to have been the focus of schism, faction, and +sedition, and he may be able to bring forward from these happily +preserved registers much interesting and valuable information.</p> +<p class="author">D.S.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>MISCELLANEOUS.</h2> +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, &C.</h3> +<p>No one can have visited Edinburgh, and gazed upon</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i10">"The height</p> +<p>Where the huge Castle holds its state,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>without having felt a strong desire to learn the history of that +venerable pile, and the stirring tales which its grey walls could +tell. What so many must have wished done, has at length been +accomplished by Mr. James Grant, the biographer of Kirkaldy of +Grange, the gallant governor of that castle, who was so +treacherously executed by the Regent Morton. His work, just +published under the title of <i>Memorials of the Castle of +Edinburgh</i>, contains its varied history, ably and pleasantly +narrated, and intermixed with so much illustrative anecdote as to +render it an indispensable companion to all who may hereafter visit +one of the most interesting, as well as most remarkable monuments +of the metropolis of Scotland.</p> +<p>The lovers of fine engravings and exquisite drawings will have a +rare opportunity of enriching their portfolios in the course of the +next and following week, as Messrs. Leigh Sotheby and Co., of +Wellington Street, commence on Monday a nine days' sale of a +magnificent collection of engravings, of the highest quality, of +the ancient and modern Italian, German, Dutch, Flemish, French, and +English schools, which comprises some superb drawings of the most +celebrated masters of the different schools of Europe.</p> +<p>We have received the following Catalogues:—Bernard +Quaritch's (16. Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue of +Oriental and Foreign Books, comprising most Languages and Dialects +of the Globe; and John Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue, +Number Four for 1850, of Books, Old and New.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> +<h4>Odd Volumes.</h4> +<p>CREVIER—HISTORY OF THE ROMAN EMPERORS, 8vo. London, J. and +P. Knapton, 1744, Vols. I. and II.</p> +<p>Plate 2, to the 11th chapter of Vol. III of STUART'S ATHENS. +JOURNALS OF THE HOUSE OF LORDS, from 1660 to 1688.</p> +<p>Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage +free</i>, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," +186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h3> +<p><i>As we have been again compelled to omit many articles which +we are anxious to insert, we shall next week give an enlarged +Number of 24 pages, instead of 16, so as to clear off our +arrears.</i></p> +<p>Arnot's Physics. <i>A copy of this work has been reported to Mr. +Bell: will our correspondent who wishes for it forward his name and +address?</i></p> +<hr class="adverts" /> +<p>PUBLIC RECORDS</p> +<p>MONUMENTA HISTORICA BRITANNICA.</p> +<p>Just published, folio, 5 guineas half-bound (printed by Her +Majesty's command).</p> +<p>MATERIALS for the HISTORY of BRITAIN, from the earliest period. +Vol. I, extending to the Norman Conquest. "Sir Robert Inglis +remarked, that this work had been pronounced, by one of our most +competent collegiate authorities, to be the finest work published +in Europe."—<i>Proceedings in Parliament</i>, March 11. +1850.</p> +<p>HENRY BUTTERWORTH, Publisher to the Public Record Department, 7. +Fleet Street.</p> +<p>Of whom may be had, 8vo., sewed. A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of the +RECORD PUBLICATIONS.</p> +<hr /> +<p>SCRIPTURE RULE OF MARRIAGES.</p> +<p>This day is published, in post 8vo., price Twopence; 1<i>s.</i> +6<i>d.</i> per dozen, or 10<i>s.</i> per hundred,</p> +<p>LET US UPHOLD the SCRIPTURE RULE of MARRIAGES: an Earnest +Address to Englishmen. By the Rev. ABNER W. BROWN, M.A. London; +SAMPSON LOW, 169. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page424" id= +"page424"></a>{424}</span> +<p>Preparing for Publication, With the Sanction of the Society of +Arts, and the Committee of the Ancient and Mediæval +Exhibition,</p> +<p>A Description of the Works of Ancient and Mediæval Art</p> +<p>Collected at the Society of Arts in 1850; with Historical +Introductions on the various Arts, and Notices of the Artists.</p> +<p>By AUGUSTUS W. FRANKS, Honorary Secretary.</p> +<p>The Work will be handsomely printed in super-royal 8vo., and +will be amply illustrated with Wood Engravings by P.H. DE LA +MOTTE.</p> +<p>GEORGE BELL, 186. FLEET STREET.</p> +<hr /> +<p>THE CAMDEN SOCIETY, for the Publication of Early Historical and +Literary Remains.—The ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING will be held at +the Freemason's Tavern, Great Queen Street, on Thursday next, the +2nd of May, at FOUR o'clock, precisely.</p> +<p>THE LORD BRAYBROOKE, the President, in the Chair.</p> +<p>WILLIAM J. THOMS, Secretary.</p> +<p>The following are the Publications of the Society for the year +1849-50:—</p> +<p>I. Inedited Letters of Queen Elizabeth, addressed to King James +VI. of Scotland, between the years 1581 and 1594. From the +Originals in the possession of the Rev. Edward Ryder, of Oaksey, +Wilts. Edited by JOHN BRUCE, Esq. Treas. S.A.</p> +<p>II. Chronicon Petroburgense. Nunc primum typis mandatum, curante +THOMA STAPLETON.</p> +<p>III. The Chronicle of Queen Jane, and of Two years of Queen +Mary, and especially of the Rebellion of Sir Thomas Wyatt, written +by a Resident in the Tower of London. Edited, with illustrative +Documents and Notes, by JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, Esq. F.S.A.</p> +<p>The Subscription to the Society is 1<i>l.</i> per annum. +Communications from Gentlemen desirous of becoming Members may be +addressed to the Secretary; or to Messrs. Nichols, No. 25. +Parliament Street, Westminster.</p> +<hr /> +<p>On the 1st of MAY next, 1850, will be published, price +2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>PART I. of</p> +<p>HISTORIC RELIQUES;</p> +<p>A Series of Representations of</p> +<p>ARMS, JEWELLERY, GOLD AND SILVER PLATE, FURNITURE, ARMOUR, +&c.,</p> +<p>In Royal and Noble Collections, Colleges, and Public +Institutions, &c., and which</p> +<p>FORMERLY BELONGED TO INDIVIDUALS EMINENT IN HISTORY.</p> +<p>DRAWN FROM THE ORIGINALS AND ETCHED</p> +<p>BY JOSEPH LIONEL WILLIAMS.</p> +<p>PART I. will contain—</p> +<p>Andiron, William III., at Windsor Castle. Candelabrum, Charles +I., St. Baron, Ghent. Silver-gilt Cup, Margaret Beaufort, Christ's +College, Cambridge.</p> +<p>To be completed in Ten Parts, price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> +each.</p> +<p>Large paper copies, 5<i>s.</i></p> +<p>Office 198. Strand, London.</p> +<hr /> +<p>A second and Cheaper Edition of</p> +<p>A DICTIONARY of ARCHAIC and PROVINCIAL WORDS, Obsolete Phrases, +Proverbs, and Ancient Customs. From the Reign of Edward I. By JAMES +ORCHARD HALLIWELL, F.R.S. F.S.A. &c. 2 vols, 8vo., containing +upwards of 1000 pages, closely printed in double columns, +1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i> cloth.</p> +<p>It contains above 50,000 Words (embodying all the known +scattered glossaries of the English Language), forming a complete +key to the reader of the works of our old Poets, Dramatists, +Theologians, and other authors whose works abound with allusions, +of which explanations are not to be found in ordinary dictionaries +and books of reference. Most of the principal Archaisms are +illustrated by examples selected from early inedited MSS. and rare +books, and by far the greater portion will be found to be original +authorities.</p> +<p>J.R. SMITH, 4. Old Compton Street, Soho, London.</p> +<hr /> +<p>ON THE LOVE OF BOOKS IN DARK AGES.</p> +<p>8vo. cloth, 5<i>s.</i></p> +<p>BIBLIOMANA in the MIDDLE AGES.</p> +<p>BY F. MERRYWEATHER.</p> +<p>"Whoever has the real Mr. Merryweather's spirit will be in love +with him before they reach the end of this volume. The author is +full of pleasant enthusiasm, and has given us a volume of very +curious facts."—<i>Eclectic Review.</i></p> +<p>SIMPKIN and CO.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Magnificent Collection of Engravings, the Property of a +distinguished Amateur.—Nine Days' Sale.</p> +<p>MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY and Co., Auctioneers of Literary +Property and Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by +AUCTION, at their House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on MONDAY, +April 29, and eight following days (Sunday excepted), at One +precisely each day the magnificent Collection of ENGRAVINGS, the +property of a distinguished Amateur comprising the Works of the +most eminent Engravers of the ancient and modern Italian, German, +Dutch, Flemish, French, and English Schools, the whole being of the +very highest quality, both as to impression and condition; together +with some superb Drawings by the most celebrated Masters of the +different Schools of Europe.</p> +<p>May be viewed four days prior to the sale. Catalogues are now +ready, and will be forwarded on application.</p> +<hr /> +<p>The beautiful Collection of Modern Drawings of a distinguished +Amateur.</p> +<p>MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY and Co., Auctioneers of Literary +Property and Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by +AUCTION, at their House, Wellington Street, Strand, on THURSDAY, +May 9, a small but very choice Collection of DRAWINGS, chiefly in +Water Colours, by the most eminent modern Artists, and containing +exquisite specimens of the works of</p> +<p>Gainsborough<br /> +J.W.M. Turner, R.A.<br /> +Sir D. Wilkie, R.A.<br /> +Wilson<br /> +C. Stanfield, R.A.<br /> +Sir A. Callcott, R.A.<br /> +Watteau<br /> +Cattermole<br /> +De Wint<br /> +Zuccherelli<br /> +D. Cox<br /> +Van Os<br /> +Sir T. Lawrence<br /> +Chambers<br /> +Shelfhout<br /> +Bonnington<br /> +Muller<br /> +Hildebrandt<br /> +Stothard</p> +<p>and many others of equal celebrity. They are the property of the +same distinguished amateur by whom the superb collection of prints +advertised above was formed, and have been selected with the most +perfect taste and judgment.</p> +<p>May be viewed four days prior to the sale. Catalogues are now +ready, and will be forwarded on application.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Six Days' Sale of the Third Portion of the valuable Stock of +Prints of Messrs. W. and G. Smith, the eminent Printsellers of +Lisle Street.</p> +<p>MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY and Co., Auctioneers of Literary +Property and Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by +AUCTION, at their House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on MONDAY, +May 13, and five following days, at One precisely each day, the +third portion of the important and valuable Stock of PRINTS, the +property of Messrs. W. and G. Smith, the long-established, +well-known, and eminent Printsellers, of Lisle Street, Leicester +Square, who have retired from business; comprising some of the +works of the most eminent Engravers of the early Italian, German, +Dutch, Flemish, French, and English Schools, including the +matchless assemblage of the Works of the Masters of the School of +Fontainbleau, formerly in Count Fries' collection; Engravers' +Proofs of Book Plates, &c., generally of the very highest +quality, both as to impression and condition; together with a very +few fine Drawings by ancient and modern masters.</p> +<p>May be viewed four days before the sale, and Catalogues had at +the place of sale.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at +No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City +of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, +in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, +Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, +April 27. 1850.</p> +<hr class="full" /> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13822 ***</div> +</body> +</html> diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bdc6754 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #13822 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/13822) diff --git a/old/13822-8.txt b/old/13822-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d28e6b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/13822-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2406 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 26. Saturday, April +27, 1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 26. Saturday, April 27, 1850 + A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. + + +Author: Various + +Release Date: October 21, 2004 [EBook #13822] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 26. *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team, and The Internet Library of Early Journals, + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 26.] SATURDAY, APRIL 27, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * {409} + + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- + Nicholas Breton, by the Rev. T. Corser. 409 + Notes upon Cunningham's London, by E.F. Rimbault, + LL.D. 410 + Notes on the Dodo, by H.E. Strickland. 410 + Derivation of "Sterling" and "Penny." 411 + Hanno's Periplus, by S.W. Singer. 412 + Folk Lore:--Cook-eels--Divination by Bible and Key--Weather + Proverb. 412 + Bibliographical Notes, by E.F. Rimbault, LL.D. 413 + Pope, Petronius, and his Translators, by A. Rich, Jun. 414 + +QUERIES:-- + When were Umbrellas introduced into England? by + E.F. Rimbault, LL.D. 414 + Minor Queries:--Duke of Marlborough--"M. or N."--Song + of the Bees--William Godwin--Regimental + Badges--Mother of Thomas à Becket--Swords worn + in public--Emblem and National Motto of Ireland--Latin + Distich--Verbum Græcum--Pope Felix--"Where England's + Monarch." 415 + +REPLIES:-- + Gray's Alcaic Ode. 416 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Chapels--Beaver--Poins + and Bardolph--God tempers the Wind--Sterne's + Koran--Lollius--Bishop Ryder--Brown Study--Seven + Champions--Tempora mutantur, &c.--Vox Populi Vox + Dei--Cuckoo--Ancient Tiles--Daysman--Safeguard--Finkel--Gourders + of Rain--Urbanus Regius--Horns--_The_ or _A_ Temple--Ecclestiastical + Year--Paying through the Nose--Quem Deus--Shrew--Zenobia--Cromwell's + Estates--Vox et præterea Nihil--Law of Horses--Christ's + Hospital--Tickhill, God help me! 417 + +MISCELLANIES:-- + MSS. of Casaubon--Latin Epigram--"Nec pluribus + impar"--Close Translation--St. Antholin's Parish + Books. 422 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 423 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted. 423 + Notices to Correspondents. 423 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES + +NICHOLAS BRETON. + +Like Mr. COLLIER (No. 23. p. 364.), I have for many years felt "a +peculiar interest about Nicholas Breton," and an anxious desire to learn +something more of him, not only from being a sincere lover of many of +his beautiful lyrical and pastoral poems, as exhibited in _England's +Helicon_, _Davison's Poetical Rhapsodie_, and other numerous works of +his own, and from possessing several pieces of his which are not +generally known, but also from my intimate connection with the parish in +which he is supposed to have lived and died. From this latter +circumstance, especially, I had been most anxious to connect his name +with Norton, and have frequently cast a reverential and thoughtful eye +on the simple monument which has been supposed to record his name; +hoping, yet not without doubts, that some evidence would still be found +which would prove it to be really that of the poet. It was therefore +with the utmost pleasure that I read Mr. Collier's concluding paragraph, +that he is "in possession of undoubted proof that he was the Nicholas +Breton whose epitaph is on the chancel-wall of the church of Norton in +Northamptonshire." + +It seems strange that, notwithstanding the number and variety of his +writings, the length of time he was before the public, and the +estimation in which he was held by his contemporaries, so little should +be known concerning Breton, and the circumstances of his life be still +involved in such great obscurity. In looking over his various +publications, it is remarkable how little is to be gleaned in the +preliminary prefixes which relate to his own personal history, and how +very rarely he touches on any thing referring to himself. There is a +plaintive and melancholy strain running through many of his works, and I +am inclined to the opinion entertained by Sir Egerton Bridges and +others, that cares, and misfortunes, and continued disappointments had +brought on melancholy and despair, and that the plaintive and touching +nature of his writings were occasioned by real sorrows and sufferings. +This seems at variance with his being the purchaser of the manor and +lordship of Norton, and in the possession and enjoyment of this world's +goods. Thus in his _Auspicante Jehova Maries Exercise_, 8vo. 1597, one +of the rarest of his works, in the dedication to Mary, Countess of +Pembroke, speaking of his temporal condition, he remarks, "I have soncke +my fortune in the worlde, hauing only the light of vertue to leade my +hope unto Heauen:" and signs himself "Your La. sometime unworthy Poet, +and now, and ever poore Beadman, Nich. Breton." And the "Address" after +it is signed, "Your poore friend or servant N.B." I am aware that these +phrases are sometimes used in a figurative sense, but am disposed to +think that here they are intended for something real. And I am at a loss +how to reconcile these expressions of poverty with his being the +purchaser and enjoyer of such an estate. I shall wait, therefore, with +considerable anxiety till it may suit the pleasure or convenience {410} +of Mr. Collier to communicate to the world the proofs he has obtained of +the poet's identification with the Norton monument. I would, however, +further add, that so late as 1606, the Dedication to _the Praise of +Vertuous Ladies_ is dated "From my Chamber in the Blacke-Fryers," and +that not one of his later productions is dated from Norton, which +probably would have been the case had he been resident there. + +I regret that I am unable to afford Mr. Collier any information +respecting the "Crossing of Proverbs," beyond the fact of the late Mr. +Rodd being the purchaser of Mr. Heber's fragment, but whether on +commission or not, I cannot say, nor where it now is. The same kind of +proverbs are given in _Wit's Private Wealth_, 1603, and in some other of +his works. + +Nicholas Breton, besides being a pleasing and polished writer of lyric +and pastoral poetry, appears to have been a close and attentive observer +of nature and manners,--abounding in wit and humour,--and a pious and +religious man. He was also a soldier, a good fisherman, and a warm +admirer of Queen Elizabeth, of whom he gives a beautiful character in +"_A Dialogue full of pithe and pleasure, upon the Dignitie or Indignitie +of Man_," 4to., 1603, on the reverse of Sig. c. iii. + +As it is sometimes desirable to know where copies of the rarer +productions of a writer are to be met with, I may state, that among some +five or six-and-twenty of this author's pieces, besides the _Auspicante +Jehova Maries Exercise_, 8vo. 1597, already mentioned, of which I know +of no other copy than my own, I possess also the only one of _A small +handfull of Fragrant Flowers_, 8vo. 1575, and _A Floorish upon Fancie_, +4to. 1582, both reprinted in the Heliconia; _Marie Magdalen's Loue_, +with _A Solemne Passion of the Soules Loue_, 8vo. 1595, the first part +in prose, the latter in six-line stanzas, and very rare; _Fantastics: +seruing for a Perpetual Prognostication_, 4to. 1626; and _Wit's +Trenchmour, In a conference had betwixt a Scholler and an Angler. +Written by Nich. Breton, Gentleman_, 4to. bl. lett. 1597, the only copy +known and not included in Lowndes's list, which, from the style of its +composition and the similarity of some of the remarks, is supposed to +have been the original work from which Izaac Walton first took the idea +of his _Complete Angler_. + +THOMAS CORSER. +Stand Rectory, April 16. 1850. + + * * * * * + +NOTES UPON CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK FOR LONDON. + +_Baldwin's Gardens._--A passage upon the east side of Gray's Inn Lane, +leading into Leather Lane. Tom Brown dates some introductory verses, +prefixed to Playford's _Pleasant Musical Companion_, 1698, "from Mr. +Steward's, at the Hole-in-the-Wall, in _Baldwin's Gardens_." There is +extant a single sheet with an engraved head, published by J. Applebee, +1707, and called,-- + + "The English and French Prophets mad, or bewitcht, at their + assemblies in _Baldwin's Gardens_." + +A Letter of Anthony Wood's, in the writer's collection, is thus +addressed:-- + + "For John Aubrey, Esq. To be left at Mr. Caley's house, in + _Baldwin's Gardens_, neare Gray's Inne Lane, London." + +_The White Hart, Bishopsgate Street._--A tavern said to be of very +ancient date. In front of the present building, the writer of the +present notice observed (in 1838) the date cut in stone, 1480. + +_The Nag's Head, Cheapside._--A view of this tavern is preserved in a +print of the entry of Mary de Medici, when she paid a visit to her +son-in-law and daughter, the unfortunate Charles I. and his queen. + +_St. Paul's Alley._-- + + "Whereas, the yearly meeting of the name of Adam hath of late, + through the deficiency of the last stewards, been neglected, + these are to give notice to all gentlemen, and others that are + of that name, that, at William Adams', commonly called 'The + Northern Alehouse,' in _St. Paul's Alley_, in St. Paul's Church + Yard, there will be a weekly meeting, every Monday night, of our + namesakes, between the hours of 6 and 8 of the clock in the + evening, in order to choose stewards to revive our antient and + annual feast."--_Domestic Intelligence_, 1681. + +_St. Paul's Churchyard._-- + + "In St. Paul's Church Yard were formerly many shops where music + and musical instruments were sold, for which, at this time, no + better reason can be given than that the service at that + Cathedral drew together, twice a day, all the lovers of music in + London; not to mention that the chairmen were wont to assemble + there, where they were met by their friends and acquaintance."-- + _Sir John Hawkins' History of Music_, vol. v. p. 108. + +_The French Change, Soho._--A place so called in the reign of Queen +Anne. Gough, in a MS. note, now before us, thought it stood on the site +of the present bazaar. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +NOTES ON THE DODO. + +I have to thank "Mr. S.W. SINGER" (No. 22. p. 353.) for giving some +interesting replies to my "Dodo Queries" (No. 17. p. 261.). I trust that +Mr. S. will be induced to pursue the inquiry further, and especially to +seek for some _Portuguese_ account of the Mascarene Islands, prior to +the Dutch expedition of 1598. I am now able to state that the supposed +proof of the discovery of Bourbon by the Portuguese in 1545, on the +authority of a stone pillar, the figure of which Leguat has copied {411} +from Du Qesne, who copied it from Flacourt, turns out to be inaccurate. +On referring to Flacourt's _Histoire de la Grande Isle Madagascar_, +4to., Paris, 1658, p. 344, where the original figure of this monument is +given, I find that the stone was not found in Bourbon at all, but in +"l'Islet des Portugais," a small island at the mouth of the river +Fanshere (see Flacourt, p. 32.), near the S.E. extremity of Madagascar. +From this place Flacourt removed it to the neighbouring settlement of +Fort Dauphin in 1653, and engraved the arms of France on the opposite +side to those of Portugal. We are therefore still without any historical +record of the first discovery of Bourbon and Mauritius, though, from the +unanimous consent of later compilers, we may fairly presume that the +Portuguese were the discoverers. + +The references which Mr. Singer has given to two works which mention the +_Oiseau bleu_ of Bourbon, are very important, as the only other known +authority for this extinct bird is the MS. Journal of Sieur D.B., which +thus receives full confirmation. May I ask Mr. Singer whether either of +these writers mentions the _Solitaire_ as inhabiting Bourbon? + +The "Oiseaux appelez _Flamands_" quoted by Mr. S., are merely +_Flamingos_, and are devoid of interest as regards the present question. + +The history of the Dodo's head at Copenhagen, referred to by Mr. Singer, +is fully recorded in the _Dodo and its Kindred_, pp. 25. 33. + +The name _Dodo_ seems to have been first applied to the bird by Sir +Thomas Herbert, in 1634, who adds, in his edition of 1638, "a Portuguese +name it is, and has reference to her simpleness." Before that time the +Dutch were in the habit of calling it _Dodars_, _Dodaers_, _Toters_, and +_Dronte_. I had already made the same guesses at the etymology of these +words as those which Mr. Singer has suggested, but not feeling fully +satisfied with them, I put forth my Query VII. for the chance of +obtaining some further elucidation. + +Mr. Singer's reasonings on the improbability of Tradescant's specimen of +the Dodo having been a fabrication are superfluous, seeing that the head +and foot of this individual are, as is well known, still in existence, +and form the subjects of six plates in the _Dodo and its Kindred_. + +In regard to my Query IX. as to the local habitation of the family of +_Dronte_, who bore a Dodo on their shield, it has been suggested to me +by the Rev. Richard Hooper (who first drew my attention to this armorial +bearing), that the family was probably foreign to Britain. It appears +that there was a family named _Dodo_, in Friesland, a member of which +(Augustin Dodo, deceased in 1501) was the first editor of St. +Augustine's works. Mr. Hooper suggests that possibly this family may +have subsequently adopted the Dodo as their arms, and that Randle Holme +may, by a natural mistake, have changed the name of the family, in his +_Academy of Armory_, from _Dodo_ to the synonymous word _Dronte_. Can +none of your genealogical readers clear up this point? + +H.E. Strickland. + + * * * * * + +DERIVATION OF "STERLING" AND "PENNY". + +Your correspondent suggests (No. 24. p. 384.) an ingenious derivation +for the word _Sterling_; but one which perhaps he has been too ready to +adopt, inasmuch as it helped his other derivation of _peny_, from +_pecunia_ or _pecus_. I quote the following from _A short Treatise +touching Sheriff's Accompts_, by Sir Matthew Hale: London, 1683: + + "Concerning the second, _viz._ the matter or species whereof the + current coin of this kingdom hath been made, it is gold or + silver, but not altogether pure, but with an allay of copper, at + least from the time of King H. I. and H. II., though possibly in + ancienter times the species whereof the coin was made might be + pure gold or silver; and this allay was that which gave the + denomination of Sterling to that coin, _viz._ Sterling Gold, or + Sterling Silver. Wherein there will be inquirable, + + "1. Whence that denomination came? + + "2. How ancient that denomination was? + + "3. What was the allay that gave silver that denomination? + + "For the former of these there are various conjectures, and + nothing of certainty. + + "_Spelman_ supposeth it to take that denomination from the + Esterlings, who, as he supposeth, came over and reformed our + coin to that allay. Of this opinion was _Camden. A Germanis, + quos Angli_ Esterlings, _aborientali situ, vocarunt, facta est + appellatio; quos_ Johannes _Rex, ad argentum in suam puritatem + redigendam, primus evocavit; et ejus modi nummi_ Esterlingi, _in + antiquis scripturis semper reperiuntur_. Some suppose that it + might be taken up from the _Starre Judæorum_, who, being the + great brokers for money, accepted and allowed money of that + allay for current payment of their stars or obligations; others + from the impression of a starling, or an asterisk upon the coin. + _Pur ceo que le form d'un Stare, dont le diminutive est + Sterling, fuit impressit on stamp sur ceo. Auters pur ceo que le + primer de cest Standard fuit coyn en le Castle de Sterlin in_ + Scotland _pur le Roy_ Edw. I. And possibly as the proper name of + the fourth part of a Peny was called a Farthing, ordinarily a + Ferling; so in truth the proper name of a Peny in those times + was called a Sterling, without any other reason of it than the + use of the times and arbitrary imposition, as other names + usually grow. For the old Act of 51 H. III., called _Compositio + Mensurarum_, tells us that _Denarius Anglice Sterlingus + dicitur_; and because this was the root of the measure, + especially of Silver Coin, therefore all our Coin of the same + allay was also called Sterling, as five Shillings Sterling, five + Pounds Sterling. + + "When this name of Sterling came first in is uncertain, only we + are certain it was a denomination in use in the time of H. III. + or Ed. I. and after ages. But it was not in use at the time of + the compiling of {412} Doomsday, for if it were we should have + found it there where there is so great occasion of mention of + Firmes, Rents, and Payments. Hovended in _Rich. I fol. 377. b._ + Nummus _a_ Numa, _que fuit le primer Roy que fesoit moneies en_ + Rome. _Issint Sterlings, alias Esterlings, queux primes fesoient + le money de cest Standard en_ Engleterre."--_Sheriffs' + Accompts_, p. 5-9. + +So much for the derivation of _Sterling_, which evidently applied +originally to the metal rather than to a coin. May I be allowed to +hazard a suggestion as to the origin of _peny_, its synonym? They were +each equivalent to the Denarius. + + "_Denarius Angliæ, qui nominatur Sterlingus, rotundus sine + tonsura, ponderabit 32 grana in medio spicæ. Sterlingus et + Denarius sont tout un. Le Shilling consistoit de 12 sterlings. + Le substance de cest denier ou sterling peny al primes fuit + vicessima pars unicæ._"--_Indentures of the Mint_, Ed. I and VI. + +May we not derive it from Denarius by means of either a typographical or +clerical error in the initial letter. This would at once give a new +name--the very thing they were in want of--and we may very easily +understand its being shortened into Penny. + +G. +Milford, April 15. + + * * * * * + +HANNO'S PERIPLUS. + +"Mr. Hampson" has served the cause of truth in defending Hanno and the +Carthaginians from the charge of cruelty, brought against them by Mr. +Attorney-General Bannister. A very slender investigation of the bearings +of the narration would have prevented it. I know not how Dr. Falconer +deals with it, not having his little volume at hand; but in so common a +book as the _History of Maritime Discovery_, which forms part of +Lardner's _Cabinet Cyclopædia_, it is stated that these _Gorillæ_ were +probably some species of _ourang-outang_. Purchas says they might be the +_baboons_ or _Pongos_ of those parts. + +The amusing, and always interesting, Italian, Hakluyt, in the middle of +the sixteenth century, gives a very good version of the [Greek: ANNONOS +PERIPLOUS], with a preliminary discourse, which would also have +undeceived Mr. Bannister, had he been acquainted with it, and prevented +Mr. Hampson's pleasant exposure of his error. + +Ramusio says, "Seeing that in the Voyage of Hanno there are many parts +worthy of considerate attention, I have judged that it would be highly +gratifying to the studious if I were here to write down a few extracts +from certain memoranda which I formerly noted on hearing a respectable +Portugese pilot, in frequent conversations with the Count Raimondo della +Torre, at Venice, illustrate this Voyage of Hanno, when read to him, +from his own experience." There are, of course, some erroneous notions +in the information of the pilot, and in the deductions made from it by +Ramusio; but the former had the sagacity to see the truth respecting +this _Gorgon Island full of hairy men and women_. I will not spoil the +_naïveté_ of the narration by attempting a translation; merely premising +that he judged the Island to be that of Fernando Po. + + "E tutta la descrittione de questo Capitano era simile a quella + per alcun Scrittore Greci, quale parlande dell' isola delle + Gorgone, dicono quella esser un isola in mezzo d'una palude. E + conciacosa che havea inteso che li poeti dicevan le Gorgone + esser femine terribili, però scrisse che le erano pelose.... Ma + a detto pilotto pareva più verisimile di pensare, che havendo + Hannone inteso ne'i libri de' poeti come Perseo era stato per + ære a questa isola, e di quivi reportata la testa di Medusa, + essendo egli ambitioso di far creder al mondo che lui vi fasse + audato per mare; e dar riputation a questo suo viaggio, di esser + penetrato fuio dove era stato Perseo; volesse portar due pelli + di Gorgone, e dedicarla nel tempio di Ginnone. Il che li fu + facil cosa da fare, conciosia cosa che IN TUTTA QUELLA COSTA SI + TRUOVINO INFINITE DI QUELLE SIMIE GRANDE, CHE FARENO PERSONE + HUMANE, DELLE BABUINE, le pelle delle quali poteva far egli + credere ad ogniuno che fussero state di femine." + +Gopelin, also, in his _Recherches sur la Géographie des Anciens_, +speaking of this part of Hanno's voyage, says: + + "Hanno encountered a troop of _Ourang-outangs_, which he took + for savages, because these animals walk erect, often having a + staff in their hands to support themselves, as well as for + attack or defence; and they throw stones when they are pursued. + They are the Satyrs and the Argipani with which Pliny says Atlas + was peopled. It would be useless to say more on this subject, as + it is avowed _by all the modern commentators of the Periplus_." + +The relation we have is evidently only an abridgment or summary made by +some Greek, studious of Carthaginian affairs, long subsequent to the +time of Hanno; and judging from a passage in Pliny (I. ii. c. 67.), it +appears that the ancients were acquainted with other extracts from the +original, yet, though its authenticity has been doubted by Strabo and +others, there seems to be little reason to question that it is a correct +_outline_ of the voyage. That the Carthaginians were oppressors of the +people they subjugated may be probable; yet we must not, on such slender +grounds as this narration affords, presume that they would wantonly kill +and flay _human beings_ to possess themselves of their skins! + +S.W. Singer +April 10. 1850. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Cook-eels._--Forby derives this from _coquille_, in allusion to their +being fashioned like an escallop, in which sense he is borne out by +Cotgrave, who has "_Pain coquillé_, a fashion of an hard-crusted loafe, +somewhat like our stillyard bunne." I have always taken the word to be +"coquerells," from {413} the vending of such buns at the barbarous sport +of "throwing at the cock" on Shrove Tuesday. The cock is still commonly +called a cockerell in E. Anglia. Perhaps Mr. Wodderspoon will say +whether the buns of the present day are fashioned in any particular +manner, or whether any "the oldest inhabitant" has any recollection of +their being differently fashioned or at all impressed. What, too, are +the "_stillyard buns_" of Cotgrave? Are they tea-cakes? The apartment in +which tea was formerly made was called the _still_-room. + +Buriensis. + + +_Divination by the Bible and Key._--This superstition is very prevalent +amongst the peasantry of this and adjoining parishes. When any article +is suspected to have been stolen, a Bible is procured, and opened at the +1st chap. of Ruth: the stock of a street-door key is then laid on the +16th verse of the above chapter, and the key is secured in this position +by a string, bound tightly round the book. The person who works the +charm then places his two middle fingers under the handle of the key, +and this keeps the Bible suspended. He then repeats in succession the +names of the parties suspected of the theft; repeating at each name a +portion of the verse on which the key is placed, commencing, "Whither +thou goest, I will go," &c. When the name of the guilty is pronounced, +the key turns off the fingers, the Bible falls to the ground, and the +guilt of the party is determined. The belief of some the more ignorant +of the lower orders in this charm is unbounded. I have seen it practiced +in other counties, the key being laid over the 5th verse of the 19th +chap. of Proverbs, instead of the 1st chap. of Ruth. + +David Stevens. +Godalming, April 11. 1850. + + [In Brand's _Popular Antiquities_ (ed. Ellis). vol. iii. 188-9, + it is stated that the key is placed upon the 50th Psalm.] + + +_Weather Proverb._--Weather proverbs are among the most curious portions +of popular literature. That foul or fair weather is betokened according +as the rainbow is seen in the morning or evening, is recorded in the +following German "saw," which is nearly identical with our well-known +English Proverb: + + Regenbogen am Morgen + Macht dem Schäfer sorgen; + Regenbogen am Abend + Ist dem Schäfer labend. + +In Mr. Akerman's recently published volume called _Spring Tide_, a +pleasant intermixture of fly-fishing and philology, we have a Wiltshire +version of this proverb, curious for its old Saxon language and its +comparatively modern allusion to a "great coat" in the third and sixth +lines, which must be interpolations. + + "The Rainbow in th' marnin' + Gies the Shepherd warning' + To car' his girt cwoat on his back + The Rainbow at night + Is the Shepherd's delight, + For then no girt cwoat he lack." + +No one, we believe, has yet remarked the philosophy of this saying; +namely that in the morning the rainbow is seen in the clouds in the +west, the quarter from which we get most rain, and of course, in the +evening, in the opposite quarter of the heavens. + +William J. Thoms. + + * * * * * + +BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. + +1. A pleasant Dialogue between a Soldier of Barwicke and an English +Chaplain; wherein are largely handed such reasons as are brought in for +maintenance of Popish traditions in our English Church. 8vo. _circa_ +1581. + +This work is frequently attributed to Barnaby Rich; but from Bancroft's +_Dangerous Positions_, p. 42, the author is ascertained to have been +Anthony Gilby. + +2. The Trumpet of Fame; or Sir Francis Drake's and Sir John Hawkin's +Farewell: with an encouragement to all Sailors and Souldiers that are +minded to go in this worthie enterprise, &c. 12mo. London, by T. Creede, +1595. + +This poetical tract is of the greatest rarity, and was unknown to Ames, +Herbert, Warton and Ritson. A MS. note, in a contemporary hand, says the +author was one Henry Roberts, whose initials are appended to the work. + +3. The Mastive, or Young Whelpe of the Olde Dogge. Epigrams and Satyrs, +by H.P. 4to. London, by T. Creede, _circa_ 1600. + +As an Epigram in this collection also appears in Henry Peacham's +_Minerva Britanna_, with a slight variation, it is fair to surmise that +he was the author of this very rare volume, in preference to Henry +Parrott. + +4. Pasquil's Jests, mixed with Mother Bunch's Merriments. Whereunto is +added a dozen of Gulles. Pretty and pleasant to drive away the +tediousnesse of a winter's evening. 4to. 1608. + +In the _British Bibliographer_, vol i., may be seen an account of the +edition of 1609, with extracts from it, and a statement that "an earlier +edition is without the Gulls." The present copy (which passed through my +hands some years ago), although earlier, has the Gulls. + +5. Holie Historie of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ's Nativitie, +Life, Actes, Miracles, Doctrine, Death, Passion, Resurrection, and +Ascension. Gathered into English Meeter, and published to withdraw all +vajne wits from all unsaverie and wicked rimes and fables &c. 12mo. +London, by R. Field, 1594. + +Ames and Herbert say this book was written by _Henry_ Holland; but the +author's name {414} was Robert Holland. It is not mentioned by Warton. + +6. News from the Stars; or, Erra Pater's Ghost, by Meriton Latroon. +12mo. 1673. + +"Richard Head, a broken bookseller, and the author of the _English +Rogue_, writ this. He turned Papist, and in his voyage to Spain was +drowned."--_MS. note in a contemporary hand._ + +Edward F. Rimbault. + + * * * * * + +POPE, PETRONIUS, AND HIS TRANSLATORS. + +The vindication of Pope from the charge of borrowing his well-known +sentiment--"_Worth_ makes a man," &c.--from Petronius, is not so +completely made out by "P.C.S.S." as it might be; for surely there is a +sufficient similitude of idea, if not of expression, between the couplet +of Pope and the sentence of Petronius, as given in all four of the +translations cited by him (No. 23. p. 362.)--"The _heart_ makes the +man," &c.--to warrant a notion that the one was suggested by the other. +But the surmise of plagiarism originates in a misconception of the terms +employed by the Latin author--_virtus_, _frugalitas_, and more +especially _corcillum_,--which have been misunderstood by every one of +these translators. _Virtus_ is applied to mental as well as bodily +superiority (_Cic. Fin._ v. 13.).--The sense in which _frugalitas_ is +employed by Petronius may be collected from a preceding passage in the +same chapter, where Trimalchio calls his pet _puerum frugalissimum_--a +very _clever_ lad--as he explains the epithet by adding that "he can +read at sight, repeat from memory, cast up accounts, and turn a penny to +his own profit." _Corcillum_ is a diminutive of _corculum_ (like +_oscillum_, from _osculum_), itself a diminutive of _cor_, which word, +though commonly put for "the heart," is also used by the best authors, +Lucretius, Horace, Terence, &c, in the same sense as our _wit_, +_wisdom_, _intellect_. The entire passage, if correctly translated, +might then be expressed as follows: + + "The time has been, my friends, when I myself was no better off + than you are; but I gained my present position solely by my own + talents (_virtute_). Wit (_corcillum_) makes the man--(or, + literally, It is wisdom that makes men of us)--everything else + is worthless lumber. I buy in the cheapest and sell in the + dearest market. But, as I said before, my own shrewdness + (_frugalitas_) made my fortune. I came from Asia no taller than + that lamp stand; and used to measure my height against it day by + day, and grease my muzzle (_rostrum_) with oil from the lamp to + make a beard come." + +Then follow some additional examples of the youth's sagacity, not +adapted for translation, but equally instances of worldly wisdom. Thus +every one of the actions which Trimalchio enumerated as the causes of +his prosperity are emanations from the _head_, not the _heart_; the +results of a crafty intellect, not of moral feeling; so that the +sentiment he professes, instead of being similar to, is exactly the +reverse of that expressed by Pope. + +This explanation seems so satisfactory that we might be well contented +to rest here. But some MSS. have the reading _coricillum_ instead of +_corcillum_. If that be received as the genuine one, and some editors +prefer it, the interpretation above given will only be slightly +modified, but not destroyed, by the introduction of another image, the +essential point remaining the same. The insertion of a vowel, _i_, +precludes all connection with _cor_ and its diminutives, but suggests a +derivation from [Greek: korukos], dim. [Greek: korukion], a leathern +sack or bag, which, when well stuffed, the Greeks used to suspend in the +gymnasium, like the pendulum of a clock (as may be seem on a fictile +vase), to buffet to and fro with blows of the fist. The stuffed bag will +represent the human head on the end of its trunk; and the word may have +been a slang one of the day, or coined by the Asiatic Trimalchio, whose +general language is filled with provincial patois. The translation would +then be, in the familiar style of the original,--"The _noddle_ makes the +man," &c. + +Anthony Rich, Jun. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +WHEN WERE UMBRELLAS INTRODUCED INTO ENGLAND? + +Thomas Coryat, in his _Crudities_, vol. i. p. 134., gives us a curious +notice of the early use of the umbrella in Italy. Speaking of fans, he +says: + + "These fans are of a mean price, for a man may buy one of the + fairest of them for so much money as countervaileth one English + groat. Also many of them (the Italians) do carry other fine + things of a far greater price, that will cost at the least a + ducat, which they commonly call in the Italian tongue + _umbrellaes_, that is, things that minister shadow unto them for + shelter against the scorching heat of the sun. These are made of + leather, something answerable to the form of a little canopy, + and hooped in the inside with diverse little wooden hoops that + extend the _umbrella_ in a pretty large compass. They are used + especially by horsemen, who carry them in their hands when they + ride, fastening the end of the handle upon one of their thighs: + and they impart so long a shadow unto them, that it keepeth the + heat of the sun from the upper parts of their bodies." + +Lt.-Col. (afterwards Gen.) Wolfe, writing from Paris, in the year 1752, +says: + + "The people here use umbrellas in hot weather to defend them + from the sun, and something of the same kind to secure them from + snow and rain. I wonder a practice so useful is not introduced + in England, (where there are such frequent showers,) and + especially in the country, where they can be expanded without + any inconveniency." {415} + +Query, what is the date of the first introduction of the _umbrella_ into +England? + +Edward F. Rimbault + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Duke of Marlborough._--The Annual Register for the year 1758 (pp. +121-127.) contains an account of the circumstances connected with the +trial of one Barnard, son of a surveyor in Abingdon Buildings, +Westminster, on a charge of sending letters to the Duke of Marlborough, +threatening his life by means "too fatal to be eluded by the power of +physic," unless his grace "procured him a genteel support for his life." +The incidents are truly remarkable, pointing most suspiciously toward +Barnard; but he escaped. Can any of your readers refer me to where I can +find any further account or elucidation of this affair? + +Buriensis. + + +"_M. or N._"--Of what words are "M. or N." the initials? Vide the +answers to be given in the Church Catechism, and some of the occasional +offices in he liturgy. + +J.C. + + [It has been suggested that "M. or N." originated in a + misreading of "NOM," a contraction for "_nomen_." This is + certainly an ingenious explanation, though not a satisfactory + one.] + + +_Song of the Bees._--Who was the author of the lines under this title +beginning, + + "We watch for the light of the moon to break + and colour the grey eastern sky + With its blended hues of saffron and lake," &c. + +I have always understood them to be Dr. Aikin's, but latterly that has +been contradicted. + +Buriensis. + + +_William Godwin._--Can any of your correspondents tell me where I can +find an account of the leading events of the life of William Godwin, +author of _Caleb Williams, St. Leon, Mandeville_ &c., or any reference +to his last hours? His sentiments, political and religious, are said to +have been _peculiar_. + +N. +Woodbridge, April 15. + + +_Regimental Badges._--When were the regimental badges granted to the +first nine infantry corps of the line, and under what circumstances were +they so granted? + +J.C. +London, April 15. 1850. + + +_Mother of Thomas à Becket._--The well-known romantic legend of the +origin of this lady has been introduced into the _Pictorial History of +England_, on the authority of "Brompton in X. Scriptores." And on the +same page (552. vol. i.) is a pictorial representation of the "Baptism +of the Mother of Becket, from the Royal MS. 2 B. vii." + +Now, Lord Campbell, in his _Lives of the Chancellors_, repudiates the +story in toto; but without assigning any other reason for doing so, than +an inference from the silence of Becket himself and his secretary, +Fitzstephen, on the point. + +Can any of the learned gentlemen, whose distinguished names adorn your +valuable pages, direct an humble student to the fountain of truth, for +the settlement of this _verata questio_? + +W. Franks Mathews. +Kidderminster, April 7. 1850. + + +_Swords worn in public._--Can any of your correspondents say when swords +ceased to be worn as an article of ordinary dress, and whether the +practice was abolished by act of parliament, or that they gradually went +out of fashion. + +J.D.A. +April 17. 1850. + + +_Emblem and National Motto of Ireland._--How long has the _harp_ been +the emblem, and _Erin-go-bragh_ the national motto of Ireland? To this I +give another query,--What is the national motto of England? + +E.M.B. + + +_Latin Distich and Translation._--Who were the authors of the following +Latin Distich, and its English translation? + + "Mittitur in disco mihi piscis ab archiepisco-- + --Po non ponatur, quia potus non mihi datur." + "I had sent me a fish in a great dish by the archbish-- + --Hop is not here, for he gave me no beer." + +E.M.B. + + +_Verbum Græcum._--Who was the author of + + "Like the _verbum Græcum_ + Spermagoraiolekitholukanopolides, + Words that should only be said upon holidays, + When one has nothing else to do." + +The _verbum Græcum_ itself is in Aristophanes' _Lysistrata_, 457. + +E.M.B. + + +_Pope Felix._--Who is "Pope Felix," mentioned in Ælfric's _Homily on the +Birthday of St. Gregory_? Ælfric, in speaking of the ancestors of St. +Gregory, states that "_Felix_ se eawfaesta _papa_ waes his fifta +faeder,"--"Felix the pious pope was his fifth father," (i.e. great +grandfather's grandfather). + +E.M.B. +April 15. 1850. + + +"_Where England's Monarch," and "I'd preach as though._"--Will any of +your subscribers have the kindness to inform me who was the author of +the lines + + "Where England's monarch all uncovered sat + And Bradshaw bullied in a broad-brimm'd hat." + +And also of these, quoted by Henry Martyn as "well-known:" + + "I'd preach as though I ne'er should preach again, + I'd preach as dying unto dying men." + +H.G. +Milford, April 15. 1850. {416} + + +_Latin Epigram._--I should be much obliged to any of your readers who +can inform me who was the author and what is the date of the following +epigram. The peculiarity of it, your readers will observe, consists in +the fact, that while read directly it contains a strong compliment; yet +it is capable of being read backwards, still forming the same +description of verse, but conveying a perfect reverse of the +compliment:-- + + "Laus tua, non tua fraus; virtus non copia rerum, + Scandere te fecit hoc decus eximium, + Pauperibus tua das; nunquam stat janua clausa; + Fundere res quæris, nec tua multiplicas. + Conditio tua sit stabilis! non tempore parvo + Vivere te faciat hic Deus omnipotens." + +When reversed, it reads thus:-- + + "Omnipotens Deus hic faciat te vivere parvo + Tempore! Non stabilis sit tua conditio. + Multiplicas tua, nec quæris res fundere; clausa + Janua stat, nunquam das tua pauperibus. + Eximium decus hoc fecit te scandere rerum + Copia, non virtus; fraus tua, non tua laus." + +Any additional information would much oblige. + +O. +April 15. 1850. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES. + +GRAY'S ALCAIC ODE. + +Circumstances enable me to give a reply, which I believe will be found +correct, to the inquiry of "C.B." in p. 382. of your 24th Number, +"Whether Gray's celebrated Latin Ode is actually to be found entered at +the Grande Chartreuse?" The fact is, that the French Revolution--that +whirlwind which swept from the earth all that came within its reach and +seemed elevated enough to offer opposition--spared not the poor monks of +the Chartreuse. A rabble from Grenoble and other places, attacked the +monastery; burnt, plundered, or destroyed their books, papers, and +property, and dispersed the inmates; while the buildings were left +standing, not from motives of respect, but because they would have been +troublesome and laborious to pull down, and were not sufficiently +combustible to burn. + +In travelling on the Continent with a friend, during the summer of 1817, +we made a pilgrimage to the Grande Chartreuse, reaching it from the side +of the Echelles. It was an interesting moment; for at that very time the +scattered remains of the society had collected together, and were just +come again to take possession of and reinhabit their old abode. And +being their _jour de spaciment_, the whole society was before us, as +they returned from their little pilgrimage up the mountain, where they +had been visiting St. Bruno's chapel and spring; and it was impossible +not to think with respect of the self-devotion of these men, who, after +having for many years partaken (in a greater or less degree) of the +habits and comforts of a civilised life, had thus voluntarily withdrawn +themselves once more to their stern yet beautiful solitude (truly, as +Gray calls it, a _locus severus_), there to practise the severities of +their order, without, it may be supposed, any possessions or means, +except what they were themselves enabled to throw into a common stock; +for nearly the whole of their property had been seized by the government +during the Revolution, and was still held by it. + +Our conversation was almost wholly with two of the fathers (they use the +prefix _Dom_), whose names I forget, and have mislaid my memorandum of +them. One of these had been in England, when driven out; and was there +protected by the Weld family in Dorsetshire, of whom he spoke in terms +of sincere gratitude and respect. The other told us that he was a native +of Chambery, and had done no more than cross the mountains to get home. +On asking him for Gray's Ode, he shook his head, saying, the Revolution +had robbed them of that, and every thing else; but repeated the first +line of it, so that there was no mistake as to the object of my inquiry. +From what occurred afterwards, it appears, however, to be questionable +whether he knew more than the first line; for I was informed that later +English travellers had been attempting, from a laudable desire of +diffusing information, to write out the whole in the present Album of +the Chartreuse, by contributing a line or stanza, as their recollection +served; but that, after all, this pic-nic composition was not exactly +what Gray wrote. Of course, had our friend the Dom known how to supply +the deficiencies, he would have done it. + +There is a translation of the Ode by James Hay Beattie, son of the +professor and poet, printed amongst his poems, which is much less known +than its merits deserve. And I would beg to suggest to such of your +readers as may in the course of their travels visit this monastery, that +books (need I say _proper_ ones?) would be a most acceptable present to +the library; also, that there is a regular Album kept, in which those +who, in this age of "talent" and "intelligence," consider themselves +able to write better lines than Gray's, are at liberty to do so if they +please. + +A very happy conjecture appeared in the _European Magazine_ some time +between 1804 and 1808, as to the conclusion of the stanzas to Mr. +Beattie. The corner of the paper on which they had been written as torn +off; and Mr. Mason supplies what is deficient in the following manner, +the words added by him being printed in Italics:-- + + "Enough for me, if to some feeling breast + My lines a secret sympathy _impart_; + And as their pleasing influence _flows confest_, + A sign of soft reflection _heave the heart_." {417} + +This, it will be seen, is prosaic enough; but the correspondent of the +_E. Mag._ supposes the lines to have ended differently; and that the +poet, in some peculiar fit of modesty, tore off the name. His version is +this:-- + + "Enough for me, if to some feeling breast, + My lines a secret sympathy _convey_; + And as their pleasing influence _is imprest_, + A sigh of soft reflection _heave for Gray_." + +One word upon another poet, Byron _v_. Tacitus, in p. 390. of your 24th +Number. There can be no doubt that the noble writer had this passage of +Tacitus in his mind, when he committed the couplet in question to paper; +but, in all probability, he considered it so well known as not to need +acknowledgment. Others have alluded to it in the same way. The late Rev. +W. Crowe, B.C.L., of New College, Oxford, and public orator of that +University, in some lines recited by his son at the installation of Lord +Grenville, has the following:-- + + "And when he bids the din of war to cease, + He calls the silent desolation--peace." + +I wonder where Lord Byron stole stanzas 1, 2, 3, 4, of the second canto +of _The Bride of Abydos_; to say nothing of some more splendid passages +in the first and second cantos of _Childe Harold_? + +W. (1.) + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Chapels._--Perhaps the following remarks will be of service to "Mr. +GATTY" in the solution of his Queries touching the word _Chapel_ (No. +21.). + +Spelman (_Glossary, sub voce_) endeavours to convince us that _capella_ +is the same as _capsella_, the diminutive of _capsa_; thus making +_chapel_, in the first instance, "a small repository" (_sc._ of relics). +Richardson is also in favour of this etymon, notwithstanding its +harshness and insipidity. I think the common derivation (from _capella_, +diminutive of _capa_) very much preferable to any other, both on the +score of philology and of history. Ducange has quoted several passages, +all tending to evince that _capella_ (explained by the Teutonic +_voccus_) was specially applied to the famous vestment of St. Martin, +comprising his cloak and hood (not merely his _hat_, as some writers +mention). The name was then metonymically transferred to the repository +in which that relic was preserved, and afterwards, by a natural +expansion, became the ordinary designation of the smaller sanctuaries. +This derivation is distinctly affirmed by Walafred Strabo about 842, and +by a monk of St. Gall, placed by Basnage about 884. The earliest +instance where the word _capella_ is used for the vestment of St. Martin +appears to be in a "Placitum" of Theodoric, King of France, who ascended +the throne A.D. 672--"in oratorio nostro super capella Domini Martini +... hæc dibiret conjurare." In a second "Placitum," also quoted by +Ducange, of Childebert, King of France (_circa_ 695), the word _capella_ +seems to mean a _sacred building_--"in oratorio suo seu capella Sancti +Marthini." And in a charter of Charles the Simple, _circ._ 900, the term +unquestionably occurs in this latter signification, disconnected from +St. Martin. Other illustrations may be seen in Ducange, who has bestowed +especial industry on the words _capa_ and _capella_. + +With respect to the _legal_ definition of the modern _chapel_, I may +mention that, in stat. 7 & 8 Geo. IV. c. 29. s. 10., it signifies, +according to Mr. Stephens (_Eccl. Statutes_, p. 1357.), "a chapel where +the rites and ceremonies of the Church of England are performed, and +does not include the chapels of Dissenters." In stat. 7 & 8 Geo. IV. c. +30., we read, notwithstanding, of "any _chapel_ for the religious +worship of persons dissenting from the United Church of England and +Ireland." + +C.H. +St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge. + + +_Chapels_ (No. 20. p. 333., and No. 23. p. 371.).--The opinion of the +"BARRISTER" that this term had come into use as a designation of +dissenting places of worship from no "idea of either assistance or +opposition to the Church of England," but only as a supposed means of +security to the property, is probably correct. Yet it is likely +different reasons may have had weight in different places. + +However, he is mistaken in "believing that we must date the adoption of +that term from about" forty years ago. I am seventy-six years old, and I +can bear testimony, that from my infancy it was the term universally +employed in Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Cheshire, Lancashire, and, I think +probable, in the more northern counties. In common speech, it was used +as the word of discrimination from the Methodist places of worship, +which bore the name of _Meeting-houses_, or, more generally, _Meetings_. +But within the period (forty years) assigned by your learned +correspondent, I think that I have observed the habit to have +extensively obtained of applying the term _Chapels_ to the latter class +of places. + +I have abundant evidence of the general use of the term for dissenting +buildings, back to the seventeenth century. From my early life, I +remember the current opinion to have been that _Chapel_ was the word in +use north of the Trent, and _Meeting-house_ in Nottingham and +southwards. + +An eminent antiquary, the Rev. Joseph Hunter, F.S.A., could cast a full +light upon this subject. + +J.P.S. +Homerton, April 15. + + +_Beaver_ (No. 21. p. 338.).--The earliest form of this word is _fiber_, +which is used to signify the animal, the _Castor_, by Varro and Pliny. +The fabulous story of the self-emasculation by which the beaver eludes +pursuit, is thus introduced by Silius, in illustrating the flight of +Hasdrubal:-- {418} + + "Fluminei veluti deprensus gurgitis undis, + Avulsâ parte inguinibus caussaque pericli, + Enatat intento prædæ _fibor_ avius hoste." + + _Punica_, IV. 485-8, where see Ruperti. + +The scholiast on Juvenal, xii. 34., has the low Latin _vebrus_. (See +Forcellini, Lex. in _Fiber_ et _Castor_, Ducange in _Bever_, and Adelung +in _Biber_.) Derivations of the word _bebrus_ occur in all the languages +of Europe, both Romanic and Teutonic; and denote the Castor. _Beaver_, +in the sense of a _hat_ or _cap_, is a secondary application, derived +from the material of which the hat or cap was made. + +W. + + +_Poins and Bardolph_ (No. 24. p. 385.)--Mr. Collier (Life prefixed to +the edit. of _Shakspeare_, p. 139.) was the first to notice that +Bardolph, Fluellen, and Awdrey, were names of persons living at +Stratford in the lifetime of the poet; and Mr. Halliwell (_Life of +Shakspeare_, pp. 126-7) has carried the subject still further, and shown +that the names of ten characters in the plays are also found in the +early records of that town. Poins was, I believe, a common Welsh name. + +S. + + +_God tempers the Wind_ (No. 22. p. 357.)--Le Roux de Liney, _Livre des +Proverbes Français_ (Paris, 1842), tom. i. p. 11., cites the following +proverbs-- + + "Dieu mesure le froid à la brebis tondue, + ou, + Dieu donne le froid selon la robbe," + +from Henri Estienne, _Prémices_, &c., p. 47., a collection of proverbs +published in 1594. He also quotes from Gabriel Meurier, _Trésor des +Sentences_, of the sixteenth century:-- + + "Dieu aide les mal vestus." + +SIWEL. +April 5. 1850. + + +_Sterne's Koran_ (No. 14. p. 216.)--An inquiry respecting this work +appeared in the _Gent. Mag._, vol. lxvii. pt. ii. p. 565.; and at p. +755. we are told by a writer under the signature of "Normanus," that in +_his_ edition of Sterne, printed at Dublin, 1775, 5 vols. 12mo., the +Koran was placed at the end, the editor honestly confessing that it was +_not_ the production of Sterne, but of Mr. Richard Griffith (son of Mrs. +Griffith, the _Novellettist_), then a gentleman of large fortune seated +at Millecent, co. Kildare, and married to a daughter of the late Ld. +C.B. Burgh. + +I possess a copy of an indifferent edition of Sterne's works, in point +of paper and type, "Printed for J. Mozley, Gainsbrough, 1795. 8 vols. +12mo." The Koran is in the sixth vol., termed "The Posthumous Works of +L. Sterne," dedicated to the Earl of Charlemont by the editor, who, in +his address to the reader, professes to have received the MS. from the +hands of the author some time before his untimely death. + +This I hope will answer the Query of "E.L.N.:" and at the same time I +wish to express my regret, that we do not possess a really good and +complete edition of Sterne's Works, with a Life and literary history of +them, incorporating the amusing illustrations by Dr. Ferriar. + +F.R.A. +April 12. 1850. + + +_Lollius._--In answer to "J.M.B." (No. 19. p. 303.) as to who was the +Lollius spoken of by Chaucer, I send you the following. _Lollius_ was +the real or fictitious name of the author or translator of many of our +Gothic prose romances. D'Israeli, in his admirable _Amenities of +Literature_, vol. i. p. 141., says:-- + + "In some colophons of the prose romances the names of real + persons are assigned as the writers; but the same romance is + equally ascribed to different persons, and works are given as + translations which in fact are originals. Amid this prevailing + confusion, and these contradictory statements, we must agree + with the editor of Warton, that we cannot with any confidence + name the author of any of these prose romances. Ritson has aptly + treated these pseudonymous translators as 'men of straw.' We may + say of them all, as the antiquary Douce, in the agony of his + baffled researches after one of their favourite authorities, a + Will o' the Wisp named LOLLIUS, exclaimed, somewhat + gravely,--'Of Lollius it will become every one to speak with + diffidence.'" + +Perhaps this "scrap" of information may lead to something more +extensive. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + +_Henry Ryder, Bishop of Killaloe_ (No. 24. p. 383).--Henry Ryder, D.D., +a native of Paris, and Bishop of Killaloe, after whose paternity +"W.D.R." inquires, was advanced to that see by patent dated June 5. 1693 +(not 1692), and consecrated on the Sunday following in the church of +Dunboyne, in the co. Meath. See Archdeacon Cotton's _Fasti Ecclesiæ +Hibernicæ_, vol. i. p. 404., who gives an account of his family. + +W.(I.) + + +_Brown Study_ (No. 22. p. 352.).--Surely a corruption of brow-study, +brow being derived from to old German, _braun_, in its compound form +_ang-braun_, an eyebrow. (Vide Wachter, _Gloss. Germ._) + +HENNES + + +_Seven Champions of Christendom._--Who was the author of _The Seven +Champions of Christendom_? + +R.F. JOHNSON. + + [_The Seven Champions of Christendom_, which Ritson describes as + "containing all the lies of Christendom in one lie," was written + by the well-known Richard Johnson. Our correspondent will find + many curious particulars of his various works in the + Introduction which Mr. Chappell has prefixed to one of them, + viz. _The Crown Garland of Golden Roses_, edited by him from the + edition of 1612 for the Percy Society.] {419} + + +"_Tempora mutantur nos et mutamur in illis_."--"E.V." (p. 215.) is +referred to Cicero _De Officiis_, lib. i. cap. 10., and Ovid, _Met_. +lib. xv. 165. et seqq. + +"_Vox Præterea nihil_."--"C.W.G." (p. 247.) is also referred to Ovid, +_Met_. lib. iii. 397., and Lactantius, lib. iii. Fab. v. These are the +nearest approximations I know. + +A.W. + + +_Vox Populi Vox Dei._--The words "Populi vox, vox Dei," stand as No. 97. +among the "Aphorismi Politici ex Ph. Cominoeo," in a small volume in my +possession, entitled,-- + + "Aphorismi Politici et Militares, etc. par Lambertum Danæum + collecti. Lugduni Batavorum. CID IDC XXX IX." + +There is no reference given to book or chapter; and, judging from the +manner in which the aphorisms of Thucydides and Tacitus (which I have +been able to examine) are quoted, I fear it may be found that the words +in question are rather a condensation of some paragraph by Des Comines +that the _ipsissima verba_ that he employed. + +C. FORBES. +Temple. + + +_The Cuckoo._--In respect to the Query of "G." (No. 15. p. 230.), on the +cuckoo, as the Welsh Ambassador, I would suggest that it was in allusion +to the annual arrival of Welshmen in search of summer and other +employment. As those wanderers may have entered England about the time +of the cuckoo's appearance, the idea that the bird was the precursor of +the Welsh might thus become prevalent. Also, on the quotation given by +"PETIT ANDRÉ" (No. 18. p. 283.) of Welsh parsley, or hempen halters, it +may have derived its origin from the severity practised on the Welsh, in +the time of their independence, when captured on the English side of the +border,--the death of the prisoner being inevitable. + +GOMER. + + +_Ancient Titles_ (No. 11. p. 173.).--It may be interesting to your +querist "B." to know that the seal of the borough of Chard, in the +county of Somerset, has two birds in the position which he describes, +with the date 1570. + +S.S.S. + + +_Daysman_ (No. 12. p. 188., No. 17. p. 267.).--For quoted instances of +this, and other obsolete words, see Jameson's _Bible Glossary_, just +published by Wertheim in Paternoster Row. + +S.S.S. + + +_Safeguard_ (No. 17. p. 267.).--The article of dress for the purpose +described is still used by farmers' wives and daughters in the west of +England, and is known by the same name. + +S.S.S. + + +_Finkle_ (No. 24. p. 384.).--means _fennel_. Mr. Halliwell (_Dict._ p. +357.) quotes from a MS. of the _Nominale_, "fynkylsede, _feniculum_." + +L. + + +_Gourders of Rain_ (No. 21. p. 335., No. 22. p. 357.).--Has the word +"Gourders" any connection with _Gourtes_, a stream, or pool? See +Cotgrave's _Dict._, and Kelham's _Dict. of the Norman Language_. + +_Geotere_ is the A.-S. word for "melter;" but may not the term be +applied to the pourer out of anything? Gourd is used by Chaucer in the +sense of a vessel. (See _Prol. to the Manciple's Tale_.) + +C.I.R. + + +_Urbanus Regius_ (No. 23. p. 367.).--The "delightful old lady" is +informed that "Urbanus Regius" (or Urban le Roi) was one of the +reformers, a native of Langenargen, in Germany. His works were published +under the title of _Vitet et Opera Urbani Regii, &c._, Norib. 1562. His +theological works have been translated into English, as the lady is +aware. + +W. FRANKS MATHEWS. +Kidderminster, April 7. 1850. + + +_Horns_ (No. 24. p. 383.).--Rosenmüller ad Exodum xxxiv. 29. + + "_Ignorabat quods plenderet entis faciei ejus_. Vulgatus + interpres reddidit. _Ignorabat quod cornuta esset facies sua_, + quia verbum _Karan_ denominativum nominis _Keren, cornu_; + opinatus est denotare, _cornua habere_; hine nata opinio, Mosis + faciem fuisse cornutam. Sed nomen [Hebrew: keren] ob + similitudinem et ad _radios_ transferri, docet Haliæ, m. 4. ubi + de fulminibus dicitur.... Hic denotat _emisit radias_, i.e. + splenduit." LXX. [Greek: dedoxastai]. Our version, _shone_. + +R. ad Psal. xxii. seems to say, that in Arabic there is the like +metaphor, of the sun's rays to a deer's horns. R. adds, that the Jews +also attributed horns to Moses in another sense, figuratively for power, +as elsewhere. + +_Tauriformis._--The old scholiasts on Horace say that rivers are always +represented with horns, "propter impetum et mugitum æquarum." + + "Corniger Hesperidum fluvius." + +An old modern commentator observes, that in Virgil "Rhenus bicornis," +rather applies to its two æstuaries. + +When Milton says (xi. 831.) "push'd by the horned flood," he seems +rather to mean, as Newton explains him, that "rivers, when they meet +with anything to obstruct their passage, divide themselves and become +_horned_ as it were, and hence the ancients have compared them to +bulls." + +C.B. + + ["M." (Oxford) refers our correspondent to Facciolati, + _Lexicon_, ed. Bailey, voc. _Corun_.] + + +_Horns_ (No. 24. p. 383.).--1. Moses' face, Ex. ch. xxxiv. (_karan_, +Heb.), shot out beams or _horns_ of light (from _keren_, Heb.); so the +first beams of the rising sun are by the Arabian poets compared to +horns. Absurdly rendered by Aqu. and Vulg. (facies) _cornuta erat_. +Whence painters represent Moses as having horns.--Gesenius, _Heb. Lex._ +{420} + +2. There appear many reasons for likening rivers to bulls. Euripides +calls Cephisus taumomorphos, and Horace gives Aufidus the same epithet, +for the same reason probably, as makes him call it also "longe sonans," +"violentus," and "acer;" viz., the bull-like roaring of its waters, and +the blind fury of its course, especially in flood time. Other +interpretations may be given: thus, Milton, Dryden, and others, speak of +the "horned flood," i.e., a body of water which, when it meets with any +obstruction, divides itself and becomes _horned_, as it were. See Milt. +P.L. xi. 831., and notes on the passage by Newton and Todd. Dryden +speaks of "the seven-fold _horns_ of the Nile," using the word as +equivalent to winding stream. It would be tedious to multiply examples. + +3. Of this phrase I have never seen a satisfactory explanation. "Coruna +nasci" is said by Petronius, in a general sense, of one in great +distress. As applied to a cuckold, it is common to most of the modern +European languages. The Italian phrase is "becco cornuto" (horned goat), +which the Accademici della Crusca explain by averring that that animal, +unlike others can without anger bear a rival in his female's love. + +"Dr. Burn, in his _History of Westmoreland_, would trace this _crest_ of +_cuckoldom_ to horns worn as crests by those who went to the Crusades, +as their armorial distinctions; to the infidelity of consorts during +their absence, and to the finger of scorn pointed at them on their +return; crested indeed, but abused."--_Todd's Johnson's Dictionary_. + +R.T.H.G. + + +_Why Moses represented with Horns._--You may inform your querist "L.C." +(No. 24 p. 383.), that the strange practice of making Moses appear +horned, which is not confined to statues, arose from the mistranslation +of Exod. xxxiv. 30. & 35. in the Vulgate, which is to the Romanist his +authenticated scripture. For there he reads "faciem Moysi cornutum," +instead of "the skin of Moses' face shone." The Hebrew verb put into our +type is _coran_, very possibly the root of the Latin _cornu_: and its +primary signification is to put forth horns; its secondary, to shoot +forth rays, to shine. The participle is used in its primary sense in +Psalms, xix. 31.; but the Greek Septuagint, and all translators _from +the Hebrew_ into modern European languages, have assigned to the verb +its secondary meaning in Exod. xxxiv. In that chapter the nominative to +_coran_ is, in both verses, undeniably _skin_, not _head_ nor _face_. +Now it would obviously be absurd to write "his skin was horned," so that +common sense, and the authority of the Septuagint, supported by the +language of St. Paul in his paraphrase and comment on this passage in 2 +Cor. iii. 7-13., ought to have been sufficient to guide any Christian +translator as to the sense to be attached to _coran_ in the mention of +Moses. + +H.W. +Oxford, April 16, 1850. + + [We have since received replies to a similar effect, from "SIR + EDMUND FILMER," "J.E.," &c. "R.G." refers our Querist to Leigh's + _Critica Særa_, part I. p. 219. London, 1662; and "M." refers + him to the note on this passage in Exodus in M. Polus' _Synopsis + Criticorum_. To "T.E." we are indebted for Notes on other + portions of "L.C.'s" Queries.] + + +_The Temple or A Temple._--"Mr. Foss" says (No. 21. p. 335.) that in +Tyrwhitt's edition of Chaucer and in all other copies he has seen, the +reading is-- + + "A gentil manciple was there of a temple." + +In an imperfect black-letter folio copy of Chaucer in my possession +(with curious wood-cuts, but without title-page, or any indications of +its date, printer, &c.), the reading is-- + + "A gentyl mancyple was there of _the_ temple." + +That the above is the true reading ("the real passage"), and that it is +to be applied to _the_ temple, appears to me from what follows, in the +description of the manciple. + + "Of maysters had he moo than thryes ten + That were of lawe expirte and curyous, + Of whyche there were a dosen in that hous + Worthy to be," &c.; + +P.H.F. +March 23, 1850. + + +_Ecclesiastical Year_ (No. 24. p. 381.).--The following note on the +calendar is authority for the statement respecting the beginning of the +ecclesiastical year:-- + + "Note that the Golden Number and the Dominicall letter doeth + change euery yeere the first day of January. Note also, that the + yeere of our Lord beginneth the xxv. day of March, the same + supposed to be the first day upon which the world was created, + and the day when Christ was conceived in the womb of the Virgin + Mary." + +As in the Book of Common Prayer, Lond. 1614, p. 2. Bishop Cosins +remarks, "beginneth the 25th day of March." + + "Romani annum suum auspicantur ad calendas Januarias. Idem + faciunt hodierni Romani et qui in aliis regnis papæ authoritatem + agnoseunt. Ecclesia autem Anglicana sequitur suppotationem + antiquam a Dionysio Exiguo inchoatum, anno Christi 532." + +Nicholl's Commentary on the Book of Common Prayer, additional notes, p. +10. Fol. Lond. 1712, vid. loe. + +In the Book of Common Prayer, Oxford, 1716, the note is,-- + + "_Note._--The supputation of the year of our Lord in the Church + of England beginneth the five-and-twentieth day of March." + +This note does not now appear in our Prayer Books, being omitted, I +suppose, in consequence {421} of the adoption of the new style in +England in 1752. The daily course of lessons used to begin, as it does +now, with the Book of Genesis and of St. Matthew, in January; the +collects, epistles, and gospels with those for Advent. + +M. +Oxford. + + +_Paying through the Nose_ (No. 21. p. 335.).--I have always understood +this to be merely a degenerated pronunciation of the last word. Paying +through _the noose_ gives the idea so exactly, that, as far as the +etymology goes, it is explanatory enough. But whether _that_ reading has +an historical origin may be another question. It scarcely seems to need +one. + +C.W.H. + + +_Quem Deus vult perdere, &c._ (No. 22. p. 351.).--The correct reading +is, "Quem Jupiter vult perdere, dementat prius." See Duport's +_Gnomologia Homerica_, p. 282. (Cantab. 1660.) Athenagoras quotes Greek +lines, and renders them in Latin (p. 121. Oxon. 1682): + + "At dæmon homini quum struit aliquid malum, + Pervertit illi primitus mentem suam." + +The word "dementat" is not to be met with, I believe, in the works of +any real classical author. Butler has employed the idea in part 3. canto +2. line 565. of _Hudibras_: + + "Like men condemned to thunderbolts, + Who, ere the blow, become mere dolts." + +C.I.R. + + +_Shrew_ (No. 24. p. 381.).--The word, I apprehend, means sharp. The +mouse, which is not the field-mouse, as Halliwell states, but an animal +of a different order of quadrupeds, has a very sharp snout. Shrewd means +sharp generally. Its bad sense is only incidental. They seem connected +with scratch; screw; shrags, the end of sticks or furze (Halliwell); to +shred (A.-S., screadan, but which must be a secondary form of the verb). +That the shrew-mouse is called in Latin _sorex_, seems to be an +accidental coincidence. That is said to be derived from [Greek: urax]. +The French have confounded the two, and give the name _souris_ to the +common mouse, but _not_ to the shrew-mouse. + +I protest, for one, against admitting that Broc is derived from _broc_, +persecution, which of course is participle from break. We say "to +badger" for to annoy, to teaze. I suppose two centuries hence will think +the name of the animal is derived from that verb, and not the verb from +it. It means also, in A.-S., _equus vilis_, a horse that is worn out or +"broken down." + +C.B. + + +_Zenobia_ (No. 24. p. 383.).--Zenobia is said to be "gente Judaea," in +Hoffman's _Lexicon Universale_, and Facciolati, ed. Bailey, Appendix, +voc. _Zenobia_. + +M. +Oxford. + + +_Cromwell's Estates_ (No. 24. p. 389.).--There is Woolaston, in +Gloucestershire, four miles from Chepstow, chiefly belonging now to the +Duke of Beaufort. + +C.B. + + +_Vox et præterea Nihil_ (No. 16. p. 247., and No. 24. p. 387.).--This +saying is to be found in Plutarch's _Laconic Apophthegms_ ([Greek: +Apophthegmata Lakonika]), Plutarchi _Opera Moralia_, ed. Dan. +Wyttenbach, vol. i. p. 649. + +Philemon Holland has "turned it into English" thus:-- + + "Another [Laconian] having plucked all the feathers off from a + nightingale, and seeing what a little body it had: 'Surely,' + quoth he, 'thou art all voice, and nothing else.'"--_Plutarch's + Morals_, fol. 1603. p. 470. + +W.B.R. + + +_Law of Horses._--The following is from Oliphant's _Law of Horses, &c._, +p. 75. Will any of your readers kindly tell me whether the view is +correct? + + "It is said in _Southerene_ v. _Howe_ (2 Rol. Rep. 5.), _Si home + vend chivall que est lame, null action gist peur ceo, mes_ + caveat emptor: _lou jeo vend chivall que ad null oculus la null + action gist; autrement lou il ad un conterfeit faux et_ bright + eye." "If a man sell a horse which is lame, no action lyes for + that, but _caveat emptor_; and when I sell a horse that has _no_ + eye, there no action lies; otherwise where he has a counterfeit, + false, and _bright eye_." + +Thus it appears that a distinction is here made between a horse having +_no_ eye at all, and having a counterfeit, false or _bright_ one. And +probably by _bright eye_ is meant _glass eye_, or _gutta serena_; and +the words "counterfeit" and "false" may be an attempt of the reporter to +explain an expression which he did not understand. Because putting a +false eye into a horse is far in advance of the sharpest practices of +the present day, or of any former period. + +Note.--_Gutta Serena_, commonly called glass-eye, is a species of +blindness; the pupil is unusually dilated; it is immovable, bright, and +glassy. + +G.H. HEWIT OLIPHANT. +April 16. 1850. + + +_Christ's Hospital._--In reply to "NEMO" (No. 20. p. 318.), a +contemporary of the eminent Blues there enumerated, informs him, that +although he has not a perfect recollection of the ballads then popular +at Christ's Hospital, yet "NEMO" may be pleased to learn, that on making +search at the Society of Antiquaries for Robin Hood Ballads, he found in +a folio volume of Broadsides, &c., one of the much interest and +considerable length in relation to that school. The Ballad must also be +rare, as it is not among those in the two large volumes which have been +for many years in the British Museum, nor is it in the three volumes of +Roxburgh Ballads recently purchased for that noble library. {422} + +The undersigned believes that the only survivor of the scholars at +Christ's Hospital mentioned by "NEMO," is the Rev. Charles Valentine Le +Grice, now residing at Trerieffe, near Penzance. + +J.M.G. +Worcester, March 22. 1850. + + [We are happy to say that one other, at least, of the Christ + Hospital worthies enumerated by "NEMO" still survives--Mr. Leigh + Hunt, whose kindly criticism and real poetic feeling have + enriched our literature with so many volumes of pleasant + reading, and won for him the esteem of a large circle of + admirers.] + + +_Tickhill, God help me!_ (No. 16. p. 247.).--"H.C. ST. CROIX" informs us +that a similar expression is in use in Lincolnshire. Near to the town of +"merry Lincoln" is a large heath celebrated for its cherries. If a +person meets one of the cherry-growers on his way to market, and asks +him where he comes from, the answer will be, if the season is +favourable, "From Lincoln Heath, where should 'un?" but if, on the +contrary, there is a scarcity of cherries, the reply will be, "From +Lincoln Heath, God help 'un." + +"DISS" informs us, too, that this saying is not confined to Tickhill, +Melverly, or Pershore, but is also current at Letton, on the banks of +the Wye, between Hereford and Hay. And "H.C.P." says the same story is +told of the inhabitants of Tadley, in the north of Hampshire, on the +borders of Berkshire. + +_Robert Long_ (No. 24. p. 382.).--Rear-Admiral Robert Long died 4th +_July_, 1771, having been superannuated on the half-pay of rear-admiral +some time before his death. His seniority in the navy was dated from +21st March, 1726, and he was posted in the Shoreham. He never was _Sir_ +Robert. An account of the charity he founded may be seen in the +_Commissioners' Reports on Charities_, vol. iii. iv. vi. + +G. + + +_Transposition of Letters_ (No. 19. p. 298.).--Instances of shortened +names of places. Bensington, Oxfordshire, now called Benson; +Stadhampton, Oxfordshire, now called Stadham; and in Suffolk the +following changes have taken place; Thelnetham is called Feltam; Hoxney, +Oxen. + +C.I.R. + + +_The Complaynt of Scotland_.--I believe there has not been discovered +recently any fact relative to the authorship of above-mentioned poem, +and that the author is, + + "Sir David Lyndsay of the Mount, + Lord Lyon King-at-Arms." + +W.B. + + +_Note Books_ (No. 3. p. 43., and No. 7. p. 104.)--I beg to state my own +mode, than which I know of none better. I have _several_ books, viz., +for History, Topography, Personal and Family History, Ecclesiastical +Affairs, Heraldry, Adversaria. At the end of each volume is an alphabet, +with six columns, one for each vowel; in one or other of which the word +is entered according to the vowel which first appears in it, with a +reference to the page. Thus, _bray_ would come under B.a; _church_ under +C.u.; and so forth. + +S.S.S. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANIES. + +_MSS. of Casaubon._--There is a short statement respecting certain MSS., +now existing, of the great critic Casaubon, in a recent volume of the +Parker Society--Whitaker's _Disputation on Holy Scripture_, edited and +translated by Professor Fitzgerald, Professor of Moral Philosophy, +Dublin, which I conceive is one of those facts which might be of service +at some future time to scholars, from having been recorded in your +columns:-- + +Whitaker having observed-- + + "One Herman, a most impudent papist, affirms that the scriptures + are of no more avail than Aesop's fables, apart from the + testimony of the church."--(Parker Soc. transl., p. 276.) + +Professor Fitzgerald appends the following "note:"-- + + "Casaubon, Exercit. Baron. I. xxxiii. had, but doubtfully, + attributed this to Pighius; but in a MS. note preserved in + Primate Marsh's library, at St. Sepulchre's, Dublin, he corrects + himself thus: 'Non est hic, sed quidam Hermannus, ait Wittakerus + in Præfat. Controvers. I. Quæst. S. p. 314.' If a new edition of + those Exercitations be ever printed, let not these MSS. of that + great man, which, with many other valuable records, we owe to + the diligence of Stillingfleet and the munificence of Marsh, be + forgotten." + +T. +Bath + + * * * * * + +ON A VERY TALL BARRISTER NAMED "LONG." + + Longi longorum longissime, Longe, virorum, + Dic mihi, te quæso, num _Breve_ quicquid habes? + +W.(1.) + + * * * * * + +"NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR." + +_On a very bad book: from the Latin of Melancthon_. + + A thousand blots would never cure this stuff; + One might, I own, if it were large enough. + +RUFUS. + + * * * * * + +_Close Translation._--The following is a remarkable instance; for it is +impossible to say which is the original and which the translation, they +are so nearly equivalent:-- + + "Boys and girls, come out to play; + The moon doth shine as bright as day; + Come with a whoop, come with a call, + Come with a good will, or come not at all." {423} + + "Garçons et filles, venez toujours; + La lune fait clarté comme le jour; + Venez au bruit d'un joyeux éclat; + Venez de bon coeur, ou ne venez pas." + +W.(1.) + + +_St. Antholin's Parish Books._--In common with many of your antiquarian +readers, I look forward with great pleasure to the selection from the +entries in the St. Antholin's Parish Books, which are kindly promised by +their present guardian, and, I may add, intelligent expositor, "W.C." + +St. Antholin's is, on several accounts, one of the most interesting of +our London churches; it was here, Strype tells us (_Annals_, I. i. p. +199.), "the new morning prayer," i.e., according to the new reformed +service-book, first began in September, 1559, the bell beginning to ring +at five, when a psalm was sung after the Geneva fashion, all the +congregation, men, women, and boys, singing together. It is much to be +regretted that these registers do not extend so far back as this year, +as we might have found in them entries of interest to the Church +historian; but as "W.C." tells us the volumes are kept regularly up to +the year 1708, I cannot but hope he may be able to produce some notices +of what Mr. P. Cunningham calls, "the Puritanical fervour" of this +little parish. "St. Antling's bell," and "St. Antling's preachers," were +proverbial for shrillness and prolixity, and the name is a familiar one +to the students of our old dramatists. Let "W.C." bear in mind, that the +chaplains of the Commissioners of the Church of Scotland, with Alexander +Henderson at their head, preached here in 1640, commanding crowded +audiences, and that a passage was formed from the house where they +lodged into a gallery of this church; and that the pulpit of St. +Antholin's seems, for many years, to have been the focus of schism, +faction, and sedition, and he may be able to bring forward from these +happily preserved registers much interesting and valuable information. + +D.S. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, &C. + +No one can have visited Edinburgh, and gazed upon + + "The height +Where the huge Castle holds its state," + +without having felt a strong desire to learn the history of that +venerable pile, and the stirring tales which its grey walls could tell. +What so many must have wished done, has at length been accomplished by +Mr. James Grant, the biographer of Kirkaldy of Grange, the gallant +governor of that castle, who was so treacherously executed by the Regent +Morton. His work, just published under the title of _Memorials of the +Castle of Edinburgh_, contains its varied history, ably and pleasantly +narrated, and intermixed with so much illustrative anecdote as to render +it an indispensable companion to all who may hereafter visit one of the +most interesting, as well as most remarkable monuments of the metropolis +of Scotland. + +The lovers of fine engravings and exquisite drawings will have a rare +opportunity of enriching their portfolios in the course of the next and +following week, as Messrs. Leigh Sotheby and Co., of Wellington Street, +commence on Monday a nine days' sale of a magnificent collection of +engravings, of the highest quality, of the ancient and modern Italian, +German, Dutch, Flemish, French, and English schools, which comprises +some superb drawings of the most celebrated masters of the different +schools of Europe. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--Bernard Quaritch's (16. +Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue of Oriental and Foreign +Books, comprising most Languages and Dialects of the Globe; and John +Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue, Number Four for 1850, of Books, +Old and New. + + * * * * * + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +Odd Volumes. + +CREVIER--HISTORY OF THE ROMAN EMPERORS, 8vo. London, J. and P. Knapton, +1744, Vols. I. and II. + +Plate 2, to the 11th chapter of Vol. III of STUART'S ATHENS. JOURNALS OF +THE HOUSE OF LORDS, from 1660 to 1688. + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +_As we have been again compelled to omit many articles which we are +anxious to insert, we shall next week give an enlarged Number of 24 +pages, instead of 16, so as to clear off our arrears._ + +Arnot's Physics. _A copy of this work has been reported to Mr. Bell: +will our correspondent who wishes for it forward his name and address?_ + + * * * * * + +PUBLIC RECORDS + +MONUMENTA HISTORICA BRITANNICA. + +Just published, folio, 5 guineas half-bound (printed by Her Majesty's +command). + +MATERIALS for the HISTORY of BRITAIN, from the earliest period. Vol. I, +extending to the Norman Conquest. "Sir Robert Inglis remarked, that this +work had been pronounced, by one of our most competent collegiate +authorities, to be the finest work published in Europe."--_Proceedings +in Parliament_, March 11. 1850. + +HENRY BUTTERWORTH, Publisher to the Public Record Department, 7. Fleet +Street. + +Of whom may be had, 8vo., sewed. A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of the RECORD +PUBLICATIONS. + + * * * * * + +SCRIPTURE RULE OF MARRIAGES. + +This day is published, in post 8vo., price Twopence; 1s. 6d. per dozen, +or 10s. per hundred, + +LET US UPHOLD the SCRIPTURE RULE of MARRIAGES: an Earnest Address to +Englishmen. By the Rev. ABNER W. BROWN, M.A. London; SAMPSON LOW, 169. +Fleet Street. + + * * * * * {424} + +Preparing for Publication, With the Sanction of the Society of Arts, and +the Committee of the Ancient and Mediæval Exhibition, + +A Description of the Works of Ancient and Mediæval Art + +Collected at the Society of Arts in 1850; with Historical Introductions +on the various Arts, and Notices of the Artists. + +By AUGUSTUS W. FRANKS, Honorary Secretary. + +The Work will be handsomely printed in super-royal 8vo., and will be +amply illustrated with Wood Engravings by P.H. DE LA MOTTE. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. FLEET STREET. + + * * * * * + +THE CAMDEN SOCIETY, for the Publication of Early Historical and Literary +Remains.--The ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING will be held at the Freemason's +Tavern, Great Queen Street, on Thursday next, the 2nd of May, at FOUR +o'clock, precisely. + +THE LORD BRAYBROOKE, the President, in the Chair. + +WILLIAM J. THOMS, Secretary. + +The following are the Publications of the Society for the year +1849-50:-- + +I. Inedited Letters of Queen Elizabeth, addressed to King James VI. of +Scotland, between the years 1581 and 1594. From the Originals in the +possession of the Rev. Edward Ryder, of Oaksey, Wilts. Edited by JOHN +BRUCE, Esq. Treas. S.A. + +II. Chronicon Petroburgense. Nunc primum typis mandatum, curante THOMA +STAPLETON. + +III. The Chronicle of Queen Jane, and of Two years of Queen Mary, and +especially of the Rebellion of Sir Thomas Wyatt, written by a Resident +in the Tower of London. Edited, with illustrative Documents and Notes, +by JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, Esq. F.S.A. + +The Subscription to the Society is 1l. per annum. Communications from +Gentlemen desirous of becoming Members may be addressed to the +Secretary; or to Messrs. Nichols, No. 25. Parliament Street, +Westminster. + + * * * * * + +On the 1st of MAY next, 1850, will be published, price 2s. 6d. + +PART I. of + +HISTORIC RELIQUES; + +A Series of Representations of + +ARMS, JEWELLERY, GOLD AND SILVER PLATE, FURNITURE, ARMOUR, &c., + +In Royal and Noble Collections, Colleges, and Public Institutions, &c., +and which + +FORMERLY BELONGED TO INDIVIDUALS EMINENT IN HISTORY. + +DRAWN FROM THE ORIGINALS AND ETCHED + +BY JOSEPH LIONEL WILLIAMS. + +PART I. will contain-- + +Andiron, William III., at Windsor Castle. Candelabrum, Charles I., St. +Baron, Ghent. Silver-gilt Cup, Margaret Beaufort, Christ's College, +Cambridge. + +To be completed in Ten Parts, price 2s. 6d. each. + +Large paper copies, 5s. + +Office 198. Strand, London. + + * * * * * + +A second and Cheaper Edition of + +A DICTIONARY of ARCHAIC and PROVINCIAL WORDS, Obsolete Phrases, +Proverbs, and Ancient Customs. From the Reign of Edward I. By JAMES +ORCHARD HALLIWELL, F.R.S. F.S.A. &c. 2 vols, 8vo., containing upwards of +1000 pages, closely printed in double columns, 1l. 1s. cloth. + +It contains above 50,000 Words (embodying all the known scattered +glossaries of the English Language), forming a complete key to the +reader of the works of our old Poets, Dramatists, Theologians, and other +authors whose works abound with allusions, of which explanations are not +to be found in ordinary dictionaries and books of reference. Most of the +principal Archaisms are illustrated by examples selected from early +inedited MSS. and rare books, and by far the greater portion will be +found to be original authorities. + +J.R. SMITH, 4. Old Compton Street, Soho, London. + + * * * * * + +ON THE LOVE OF BOOKS IN DARK AGES. + +8vo. cloth, 5s. + +BIBLIOMANA in the MIDDLE AGES. + +BY F. MERRYWEATHER. + +"Whoever has the real Mr. Merryweather's spirit will be in love with him +before they reach the end of this volume. The author is full of pleasant +enthusiasm, and has given us a volume of very curious facts."--_Eclectic +Review._ + +SIMPKIN and CO. + + * * * * * + +Magnificent Collection of Engravings, the Property of a distinguished +Amateur.--Nine Days' Sale. + +MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY and Co., Auctioneers of Literary Property and +Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by AUCTION, at their +House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on MONDAY, April 29, and eight +following days (Sunday excepted), at One precisely each day the +magnificent Collection of ENGRAVINGS, the property of a distinguished +Amateur comprising the Works of the most eminent Engravers of the +ancient and modern Italian, German, Dutch, Flemish, French, and English +Schools, the whole being of the very highest quality, both as to +impression and condition; together with some superb Drawings by the most +celebrated Masters of the different Schools of Europe. + +May be viewed four days prior to the sale. Catalogues are now ready, and +will be forwarded on application. + + * * * * * + +The beautiful Collection of Modern Drawings of a distinguished Amateur. + +MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY and Co., Auctioneers of Literary Property and +Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by AUCTION, at their +House, Wellington Street, Strand, on THURSDAY, May 9, a small but very +choice Collection of DRAWINGS, chiefly in Water Colours, by the most +eminent modern Artists, and containing exquisite specimens of the works +of-- + +Gainsborough J.W.M. Turner, R.A. Sir D. Wilkie, R.A. +Wilson C. Stanfield, R.A. Sir A. Callcott, R.A. +Watteau Cattermole De Wint +Zuccherelli D. Cox Van Os +Sir T. Lawrence Chambers Shelfhout +Bonnington Muller Hildebrandt +Stothard + +and many others of equal celebrity. They are the property of the same +distinguished amateur by whom the superb collection of prints advertised +above was formed, and have been selected with the most perfect taste and +judgment. + +May be viewed four days prior to the sale. Catalogues are now ready, and +will be forwarded on application. + + * * * * * + +Six Days' Sale of the Third Portion of the valuable Stock of Prints of +Messrs. W. and G. Smith, the eminent Printsellers of Lisle Street. + +MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY and Co., Auctioneers of Literary Property and +Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by AUCTION, at their +House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on MONDAY, May 13, and five +following days, at One precisely each day, the third portion of the +important and valuable Stock of PRINTS, the property of Messrs. W. and +G. Smith, the long-established, well-known, and eminent Printsellers, of +Lisle Street, Leicester Square, who have retired from business; +comprising some of the works of the most eminent Engravers of the early +Italian, German, Dutch, Flemish, French, and English Schools, including +the matchless assemblage of the Works of the Masters of the School of +Fontainbleau, formerly in Count Fries' collection; Engravers' Proofs of +Book Plates, &c., generally of the very highest quality, both as to +impression and condition; together with a very few fine Drawings by +ancient and modern masters. + +May be viewed four days before the sale, and Catalogues had at the place +of sale. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, April 27. 1850. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 26. Saturday, +April 27, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 26. *** + +***** This file should be named 13822-8.txt or 13822-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/8/2/13822/ + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team, and The Internet Library of Early Journals, + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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Saturday, April +27, 1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 26. Saturday, April 27, 1850 + A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. + + +Author: Various + +Release Date: October 21, 2004 [EBook #13822] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 26. *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team, and The Internet Library of Early Journals, + + + + + + +</pre> + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page409" name= +"page409"></a>{409}</span> +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> +<hr class="full" /> +<table summary="masthead" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td align="left" width="25%"><b>No. 26.</b></td> +<td align="center" width="50%"><b>SATURDAY, APRIL 27, 1850</b></td> +<td align="right" width="25%"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> +Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> +<table summary="Contents" align="center"> +<tr> +<td align="left">NOTES:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Nicholas Breton, by the Rev. T. Corser</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page409">409</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes upon Cunningham's London, by E.F. Rimbault, +LL.D.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page410">410</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes on the Dodo, by H.E. Strickland</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page410">410</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Derivation of "Sterling" and "Penny"</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page411">411</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Hanno's Periplus, by S.W. Singer</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page412">412</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Folk Lore:—Cook-eels—Divination by +Bible and Key—Weather Proverb</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page412">412</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Bibliographical Notes, by E.F. Rimbault, +LL.D.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page413">413</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Pope, Petronius, and his Translators, by A. Rich, +Jun.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page414">414</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">When were Umbrellas introduced into England? by +E.F. Rimbault, LL.D.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page414">414</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Queries:—Duke of Marlborough—"M. +or N."—Song of the Bees—William Godwin—Regimental +Badges—Mother of Thomas à Becket—Swords worn in +public—Emblem and National Motto of Ireland—Latin +Distich—Verbum Græcum—Pope Felix—"Where +England's Monarch"</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page415">415</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">REPLIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Gray's Alcaic Ode</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page416">416</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Replies to Minor +Queries:—Chapels—Beaver—Poins and +Bardolph—God tempers the Wind—Sterne's +Koran—Lollius—Bishop Ryder—Brown +Study—Seven Champions—Tempora mutantur, +&c.—Vox Populi Vox Dei—Cuckoo—Ancient +Tiles—Daysman—Safeguard—Finkel—Gourders of +Rain—Urbanus Regius—Horns—<i>The</i> or <i>A</i> +Temple—Ecclestiastical Year—Paying through the +Nose—Quem Deus—Shrew—Zenobia—Cromwell's +Estates—Vox et præterea Nihil—Law of +Horses—Christ's Hospital—Tickhill, God help me!</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page417">417</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MSS. of Casaubon—Latin Epigram—"Nec +pluribus impar"—Close Translation—St. Antholin's Parish +Books</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page422">422</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page423">423</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes wanted</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page423">423</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page423">423</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>NOTES</h2> +<h3>NICHOLAS BRETON.</h3> +<p>Like Mr. COLLIER (No. 23. p. 364.), I have for many years felt +"a peculiar interest about Nicholas Breton," and an anxious desire +to learn something more of him, not only from being a sincere lover +of many of his beautiful lyrical and pastoral poems, as exhibited +in <i>England's Helicon</i>, <i>Davison's Poetical Rhapsodie</i>, +and other numerous works of his own, and from possessing several +pieces of his which are not generally known, but also from my +intimate connection with the parish in which he is supposed to have +lived and died. From this latter circumstance, especially, I had +been most anxious to connect his name with Norton, and have +frequently cast a reverential and thoughtful eye on the simple +monument which has been supposed to record his name; hoping, yet +not without doubts, that some evidence would still be found which +would prove it to be really that of the poet. It was therefore with +the utmost pleasure that I read Mr. Collier's concluding paragraph, +that he is "in possession of undoubted proof that he was the +Nicholas Breton whose epitaph is on the chancel-wall of the church +of Norton in Northamptonshire."</p> +<p>It seems strange that, notwithstanding the number and variety of +his writings, the length of time he was before the public, and the +estimation in which he was held by his contemporaries, so little +should be known concerning Breton, and the circumstances of his +life be still involved in such great obscurity. In looking over his +various publications, it is remarkable how little is to be gleaned +in the preliminary prefixes which relate to his own personal +history, and how very rarely he touches on any thing referring to +himself. There is a plaintive and melancholy strain running through +many of his works, and I am inclined to the opinion entertained by +Sir Egerton Bridges and others, that cares, and misfortunes, and +continued disappointments had brought on melancholy and despair, +and that the plaintive and touching nature of his writings were +occasioned by real sorrows and sufferings. This seems at variance +with his being the purchaser of the manor and lordship of Norton, +and in the possession and enjoyment of this world's goods. Thus in +his <i>Auspicante Jehova Maries Exercise</i>, 8vo. 1597, one of the +rarest of his works, in the dedication to Mary, Countess of +Pembroke, speaking of his temporal condition, he remarks, "I have +soncke my fortune in the worlde, hauing only the light of vertue to +leade my hope unto Heauen:" and signs himself "Your La. sometime +unworthy Poet, and now, and ever poore Beadman, Nich. Breton." And +the "Address" after it is signed, "Your poore friend or servant +N.B." I am aware that these phrases are sometimes used in a +figurative sense, but am disposed to think that here they are +intended for something real. And I am at a loss how to reconcile +these expressions of poverty with his being the purchaser and +enjoyer of such an estate. I shall wait, therefore, with +considerable anxiety till it may suit the pleasure or convenience +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page410" id= +"page410"></a>{410}</span> of Mr. Collier to communicate to the +world the proofs he has obtained of the poet's identification with +the Norton monument. I would, however, further add, that so late as +1606, the Dedication to <i>the Praise of Vertuous Ladies</i> is +dated "From my Chamber in the Blacke-Fryers," and that not one of +his later productions is dated from Norton, which probably would +have been the case had he been resident there.</p> +<p>I regret that I am unable to afford Mr. Collier any information +respecting the "Crossing of Proverbs," beyond the fact of the late +Mr. Rodd being the purchaser of Mr. Heber's fragment, but whether +on commission or not, I cannot say, nor where it now is. The same +kind of proverbs are given in <i>Wit's Private Wealth</i>, 1603, +and in some other of his works.</p> +<p>Nicholas Breton, besides being a pleasing and polished writer of +lyric and pastoral poetry, appears to have been a close and +attentive observer of nature and manners,—abounding in wit +and humour,—and a pious and religious man. He was also a +soldier, a good fisherman, and a warm admirer of Queen Elizabeth, +of whom he gives a beautiful character in "<i>A Dialogue full of +pithe and pleasure, upon the Dignitie or Indignitie of Man</i>," +4to., 1603, on the reverse of Sig. c. iii.</p> +<p>As it is sometimes desirable to know where copies of the rarer +productions of a writer are to be met with, I may state, that among +some five or six-and-twenty of this author's pieces, besides the +<i>Auspicante Jehova Maries Exercise</i>, 8vo. 1597, already +mentioned, of which I know of no other copy than my own, I possess +also the only one of <i>A small handfull of Fragrant Flowers</i>, +8vo. 1575, and <i>A Floorish upon Fancie</i>, 4to. 1582, both +reprinted in the Heliconia; <i>Marie Magdalen's Loue</i>, with <i>A +Solemne Passion of the Soules Loue</i>, 8vo. 1595, the first part +in prose, the latter in six-line stanzas, and very rare; +<i>Fantastics: seruing for a Perpetual Prognostication</i>, 4to. +1626; and <i>Wit's Trenchmour, In a conference had betwixt a +Scholler and an Angler. Written by Nich. Breton, Gentleman</i>, +4to. bl. lett. 1597, the only copy known and not included in +Lowndes's list, which, from the style of its composition and the +similarity of some of the remarks, is supposed to have been the +original work from which Izaac Walton first took the idea of his +<i>Complete Angler</i>.</p> +<p class="author">THOMAS CORSER.</p> +<p>Stand Rectory, April 16. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTES UPON CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK FOR LONDON.</h3> +<p><i>Baldwin's Gardens.</i>—A passage upon the east side of +Gray's Inn Lane, leading into Leather Lane. Tom Brown dates some +introductory verses, prefixed to Playford's <i>Pleasant Musical +Companion</i>, 1698, "from Mr. Steward's, at the Hole-in-the-Wall, +in <i>Baldwin's Gardens</i>." There is extant a single sheet with +an engraved head, published by J. Applebee, 1707, and +called,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The English and French Prophets mad, or bewitcht, at their +assemblies in <i>Baldwin's Gardens</i>."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>A Letter of Anthony Wood's, in the writer's collection, is thus +addressed:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"For John Aubrey, Esq. To be left at Mr. Caley's house, in +<i>Baldwin's Gardens</i>, neare Gray's Inne Lane, London."</p> +</blockquote> +<p><i>The White Hart, Bishopsgate Street.</i>—A tavern said +to be of very ancient date. In front of the present building, the +writer of the present notice observed (in 1838) the date cut in +stone, 1480.</p> +<p><i>The Nag's Head, Cheapside.</i>—A view of this tavern is +preserved in a print of the entry of Mary de Medici, when she paid +a visit to her son-in-law and daughter, the unfortunate Charles I. +and his queen.</p> +<p><i>St. Paul's Alley.</i>—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Whereas, the yearly meeting of the name of Adam hath of late, +through the deficiency of the last stewards, been neglected, these +are to give notice to all gentlemen, and others that are of that +name, that, at William Adams', commonly called 'The Northern +Alehouse,' in <i>St. Paul's Alley</i>, in St. Paul's Church Yard, +there will be a weekly meeting, every Monday night, of our +namesakes, between the hours of 6 and 8 of the clock in the +evening, in order to choose stewards to revive our antient and +annual feast."—<i>Domestic Intelligence</i>, 1681.</p> +</blockquote> +<p><i>St. Paul's Churchyard.</i>—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"In St. Paul's Church Yard were formerly many shops where music +and musical instruments were sold, for which, at this time, no +better reason can be given than that the service at that Cathedral +drew together, twice a day, all the lovers of music in London; not +to mention that the chairmen were wont to assemble there, where +they were met by their friends and acquaintance."—<i>Sir John +Hawkins' History of Music</i>, vol. v. p. 108.</p> +</blockquote> +<p><i>The French Change, Soho.</i>—A place so called in the +reign of Queen Anne. Gough, in a MS. note, now before us, thought +it stood on the site of the present bazaar.</p> +<p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTES ON THE DODO.</h3> +<p>I have to thank "Mr. S.W. SINGER" (No. 22. p. 353.) for giving +some interesting replies to my "Dodo Queries" (No. 17. p. 261.). I +trust that Mr. S. will be induced to pursue the inquiry further, +and especially to seek for some <i>Portuguese</i> account of the +Mascarene Islands, prior to the Dutch expedition of 1598. I am now +able to state that the supposed proof of the discovery of Bourbon +by the Portuguese in 1545, on the authority of a stone pillar, the +figure of which Leguat has copied <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page411" id="page411"></a>{411}</span> from Du Qesne, who copied +it from Flacourt, turns out to be inaccurate. On referring to +Flacourt's <i>Histoire de la Grande Isle Madagascar</i>, 4to., +Paris, 1658, p. 344, where the original figure of this monument is +given, I find that the stone was not found in Bourbon at all, but +in "l'Islet des Portugais," a small island at the mouth of the +river Fanshere (see Flacourt, p. 32.), near the S.E. extremity of +Madagascar. From this place Flacourt removed it to the neighbouring +settlement of Fort Dauphin in 1653, and engraved the arms of France +on the opposite side to those of Portugal. We are therefore still +without any historical record of the first discovery of Bourbon and +Mauritius, though, from the unanimous consent of later compilers, +we may fairly presume that the Portuguese were the discoverers.</p> +<p>The references which Mr. Singer has given to two works which +mention the <i>Oiseau bleu</i> of Bourbon, are very important, as +the only other known authority for this extinct bird is the MS. +Journal of Sieur D.B., which thus receives full confirmation. May I +ask Mr. Singer whether either of these writers mentions the +<i>Solitaire</i> as inhabiting Bourbon?</p> +<p>The "Oiseaux appelez <i>Flamands</i>" quoted by Mr. S., are +merely <i>Flamingos</i>, and are devoid of interest as regards the +present question.</p> +<p>The history of the Dodo's head at Copenhagen, referred to by Mr. +Singer, is fully recorded in the <i>Dodo and its Kindred</i>, pp. +25. 33.</p> +<p>The name <i>Dodo</i> seems to have been first applied to the +bird by Sir Thomas Herbert, in 1634, who adds, in his edition of +1638, "a Portuguese name it is, and has reference to her +simpleness." Before that time the Dutch were in the habit of +calling it <i>Dodars</i>, <i>Dodaers</i>, <i>Toters</i>, and +<i>Dronte</i>. I had already made the same guesses at the etymology +of these words as those which Mr. Singer has suggested, but not +feeling fully satisfied with them, I put forth my Query VII. for +the chance of obtaining some further elucidation.</p> +<p>Mr. Singer's reasonings on the improbability of Tradescant's +specimen of the Dodo having been a fabrication are superfluous, +seeing that the head and foot of this individual are, as is well +known, still in existence, and form the subjects of six plates in +the <i>Dodo and its Kindred</i>.</p> +<p>In regard to my Query IX. as to the local habitation of the +family of <i>Dronte</i>, who bore a Dodo on their shield, it has +been suggested to me by the Rev. Richard Hooper (who first drew my +attention to this armorial bearing), that the family was probably +foreign to Britain. It appears that there was a family named +<i>Dodo</i>, in Friesland, a member of which (Augustin Dodo, +deceased in 1501) was the first editor of St. Augustine's works. +Mr. Hooper suggests that possibly this family may have subsequently +adopted the Dodo as their arms, and that Randle Holme may, by a +natural mistake, have changed the name of the family, in his +<i>Academy of Armory</i>, from <i>Dodo</i> to the synonymous word +<i>Dronte</i>. Can none of your genealogical readers clear up this +point?</p> +<p class="author">H.E. Strickland.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>DERIVATION OF "STERLING" AND "PENNY".</h3> +<p>Your correspondent suggests (No. 24. p. 384.) an ingenious +derivation for the word <i>Sterling</i>; but one which perhaps he +has been too ready to adopt, inasmuch as it helped his other +derivation of <i>peny</i>, from <i>pecunia</i> or <i>pecus</i>. I +quote the following from <i>A short Treatise touching Sheriff's +Accompts</i>, by Sir Matthew Hale: London, 1683:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Concerning the second, <i>viz.</i> the matter or species +whereof the current coin of this kingdom hath been made, it is gold +or silver, but not altogether pure, but with an allay of copper, at +least from the time of King H. I. and H. II., though possibly in +ancienter times the species whereof the coin was made might be pure +gold or silver; and this allay was that which gave the denomination +of Sterling to that coin, <i>viz.</i> Sterling Gold, or Sterling +Silver. Wherein there will be inquirable,</p> +<p>"1. Whence that denomination came?</p> +<p>"2. How ancient that denomination was?</p> +<p>"3. What was the allay that gave silver that denomination?</p> +<p>"For the former of these there are various conjectures, and +nothing of certainty.</p> +<p>"<i>Spelman</i> supposeth it to take that denomination from the +Esterlings, who, as he supposeth, came over and reformed our coin +to that allay. Of this opinion was <i>Camden. A Germanis, quos +Angli</i> Esterlings, <i>aborientali situ, vocarunt, facta est +appellatio; quos</i> Johannes <i>Rex, ad argentum in suam puritatem +redigendam, primus evocavit; et ejus modi nummi</i> Esterlingi, +<i>in antiquis scripturis semper reperiuntur</i>. Some suppose that +it might be taken up from the <i>Starre Judæorum</i>, who, +being the great brokers for money, accepted and allowed money of +that allay for current payment of their stars or obligations; +others from the impression of a starling, or an asterisk upon the +coin. <i>Pur ceo que le form d'un Stare, dont le diminutive est +Sterling, fuit impressit on stamp sur ceo. Auters pur ceo que le +primer de cest Standard fuit coyn en le Castle de Sterlin in</i> +Scotland <i>pur le Roy</i> Edw. I. And possibly as the proper name +of the fourth part of a Peny was called a Farthing, ordinarily a +Ferling; so in truth the proper name of a Peny in those times was +called a Sterling, without any other reason of it than the use of +the times and arbitrary imposition, as other names usually grow. +For the old Act of 51 H. III., called <i>Compositio Mensurarum</i>, +tells us that <i>Denarius Anglice Sterlingus dicitur</i>; and +because this was the root of the measure, especially of Silver +Coin, therefore all our Coin of the same allay was also called +Sterling, as five Shillings Sterling, five Pounds Sterling.</p> +<p>"When this name of Sterling came first in is uncertain, only we +are certain it was a denomination in use in the time of H. III. or +Ed. I. and after ages. But it was not in use at the time of the +compiling of <span class="pagenum"><a name="page412" id= +"page412"></a>{412}</span> Doomsday, for if it were we should have +found it there where there is so great occasion of mention of +Firmes, Rents, and Payments. Hovended in <i>Rich. I fol. 377. +b.</i> Nummus <i>a</i> Numa, <i>que fuit le primer Roy que fesoit +moneies en</i> Rome. <i>Issint Sterlings, alias Esterlings, queux +primes fesoient le money de cest Standard en</i> +Engleterre."—<i>Sheriffs' Accompts</i>, p. 5-9.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>So much for the derivation of <i>Sterling</i>, which evidently +applied originally to the metal rather than to a coin. May I be +allowed to hazard a suggestion as to the origin of <i>peny</i>, its +synonym? They were each equivalent to the Denarius.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>Denarius Angliæ, qui nominatur Sterlingus, rotundus +sine tonsura, ponderabit 32 grana in medio spicæ. Sterlingus +et Denarius sont tout un. Le Shilling consistoit de 12 sterlings. +Le substance de cest denier ou sterling peny al primes fuit +vicessima pars unicæ.</i>"—<i>Indentures of the +Mint</i>, Ed. I and VI.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>May we not derive it from Denarius by means of either a +typographical or clerical error in the initial letter. This would +at once give a new name—the very thing they were in want +of—and we may very easily understand its being shortened into +Penny.</p> +<p class="author">G.</p> +<p>Milford, April 15.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>HANNO'S PERIPLUS.</h3> +<p>"Mr. Hampson" has served the cause of truth in defending Hanno +and the Carthaginians from the charge of cruelty, brought against +them by Mr. Attorney-General Bannister. A very slender +investigation of the bearings of the narration would have prevented +it. I know not how Dr. Falconer deals with it, not having his +little volume at hand; but in so common a book as the <i>History of +Maritime Discovery</i>, which forms part of Lardner's <i>Cabinet +Cyclopædia</i>, it is stated that these <i>Gorillæ</i> +were probably some species of <i>ourang-outang</i>. Purchas says +they might be the <i>baboons</i> or <i>Pongos</i> of those +parts.</p> +<p>The amusing, and always interesting, Italian, Hakluyt, in the +middle of the sixteenth century, gives a very good version of the +[Greek: ANNONOS PERIPLOUS], with a preliminary discourse, which +would also have undeceived Mr. Bannister, had he been acquainted +with it, and prevented Mr. Hampson's pleasant exposure of his +error.</p> +<p>Ramusio says, "Seeing that in the Voyage of Hanno there are many +parts worthy of considerate attention, I have judged that it would +be highly gratifying to the studious if I were here to write down a +few extracts from certain memoranda which I formerly noted on +hearing a respectable Portugese pilot, in frequent conversations +with the Count Raimondo della Torre, at Venice, illustrate this +Voyage of Hanno, when read to him, from his own experience." There +are, of course, some erroneous notions in the information of the +pilot, and in the deductions made from it by Ramusio; but the +former had the sagacity to see the truth respecting this <i>Gorgon +Island full of hairy men and women</i>. I will not spoil the +<i>naïveté</i> of the narration by attempting a +translation; merely premising that he judged the Island to be that +of Fernando Po.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"E tutta la descrittione de questo Capitano era simile a quella +per alcun Scrittore Greci, quale parlande dell' isola delle +Gorgone, dicono quella esser un isola in mezzo d'una palude. E +conciacosa che havea inteso che li poeti dicevan le Gorgone esser +femine terribili, però scrisse che le erano pelose.... Ma a +detto pilotto pareva più verisimile di pensare, che havendo +Hannone inteso ne'i libri de' poeti come Perseo era stato per +ære a questa isola, e di quivi reportata la testa di Medusa, +essendo egli ambitioso di far creder al mondo che lui vi fasse +audato per mare; e dar riputation a questo suo viaggio, di esser +penetrato fuio dove era stato Perseo; volesse portar due pelli di +Gorgone, e dedicarla nel tempio di Ginnone. Il che li fu facil cosa +da fare, conciosia cosa che IN TUTTA QUELLA COSTA SI TRUOVINO +INFINITE DI QUELLE SIMIE GRANDE, CHE FARENO PERSONE HUMANE, DELLE +BABUINE, le pelle delle quali poteva far egli credere ad ogniuno +che fussero state di femine."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Gopelin, also, in his <i>Recherches sur la Géographie des +Anciens</i>, speaking of this part of Hanno's voyage, says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Hanno encountered a troop of <i>Ourang-outangs</i>, which he +took for savages, because these animals walk erect, often having a +staff in their hands to support themselves, as well as for attack +or defence; and they throw stones when they are pursued. They are +the Satyrs and the Argipani with which Pliny says Atlas was +peopled. It would be useless to say more on this subject, as it is +avowed <i>by all the modern commentators of the Periplus</i>."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The relation we have is evidently only an abridgment or summary +made by some Greek, studious of Carthaginian affairs, long +subsequent to the time of Hanno; and judging from a passage in +Pliny (I. ii. c. 67.), it appears that the ancients were acquainted +with other extracts from the original, yet, though its authenticity +has been doubted by Strabo and others, there seems to be little +reason to question that it is a correct <i>outline</i> of the +voyage. That the Carthaginians were oppressors of the people they +subjugated may be probable; yet we must not, on such slender +grounds as this narration affords, presume that they would wantonly +kill and flay <i>human beings</i> to possess themselves of their +skins!</p> +<p class="author">S.W. Singer</p> +<p>April 10. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> +<p><i>Cook-eels.</i>—Forby derives this from <i>coquille</i>, +in allusion to their being fashioned like an escallop, in which +sense he is borne out by Cotgrave, who has "<i>Pain +coquillé</i>, a fashion of an hard-crusted loafe, somewhat +like our stillyard bunne." I have always taken the word to be +"coquerells," from <span class="pagenum"><a name="page413" id= +"page413"></a>{413}</span> the vending of such buns at the +barbarous sport of "throwing at the cock" on Shrove Tuesday. The +cock is still commonly called a cockerell in E. Anglia. Perhaps Mr. +Wodderspoon will say whether the buns of the present day are +fashioned in any particular manner, or whether any "the oldest +inhabitant" has any recollection of their being differently +fashioned or at all impressed. What, too, are the "<i>stillyard +buns</i>" of Cotgrave? Are they tea-cakes? The apartment in which +tea was formerly made was called the <i>still</i>-room.</p> +<p class="author">Buriensis.</p> +<p><i>Divination by the Bible and Key.</i>—This superstition +is very prevalent amongst the peasantry of this and adjoining +parishes. When any article is suspected to have been stolen, a +Bible is procured, and opened at the 1st chap. of Ruth: the stock +of a street-door key is then laid on the 16th verse of the above +chapter, and the key is secured in this position by a string, bound +tightly round the book. The person who works the charm then places +his two middle fingers under the handle of the key, and this keeps +the Bible suspended. He then repeats in succession the names of the +parties suspected of the theft; repeating at each name a portion of +the verse on which the key is placed, commencing, "Whither thou +goest, I will go," &c. When the name of the guilty is +pronounced, the key turns off the fingers, the Bible falls to the +ground, and the guilt of the party is determined. The belief of +some the more ignorant of the lower orders in this charm is +unbounded. I have seen it practiced in other counties, the key +being laid over the 5th verse of the 19th chap. of Proverbs, +instead of the 1st chap. of Ruth.</p> +<p class="author">David Stevens.</p> +<p>Godalming, April 11. 1850.</p> +<p class="note">[In Brand's <i>Popular Antiquities</i> (ed. Ellis). +vol. iii. 188-9, it is stated that the key is placed upon the 50th +Psalm.]</p> +<p><i>Weather Proverb.</i>—Weather proverbs are among the +most curious portions of popular literature. That foul or fair +weather is betokened according as the rainbow is seen in the +morning or evening, is recorded in the following German "saw," +which is nearly identical with our well-known English Proverb:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Regenbogen am Morgen</p> +<p>Macht dem Schäfer sorgen;</p> +<p>Regenbogen am Abend</p> +<p>Ist dem Schäfer labend.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>In Mr. Akerman's recently published volume called <i>Spring +Tide</i>, a pleasant intermixture of fly-fishing and philology, we +have a Wiltshire version of this proverb, curious for its old Saxon +language and its comparatively modern allusion to a "great coat" in +the third and sixth lines, which must be interpolations.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"The Rainbow in th' marnin'</p> +<p>Gies the Shepherd warning'</p> +<p>To car' his girt cwoat on his back</p> +<p>The Rainbow at night</p> +<p>Is the Shepherd's delight,</p> +<p>For then no girt cwoat he lack."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>No one, we believe, has yet remarked the philosophy of this +saying; namely that in the morning the rainbow is seen in the +clouds in the west, the quarter from which we get most rain, and of +course, in the evening, in the opposite quarter of the heavens.</p> +<p class="author">William J. Thoms.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES.</h3> +<p>1. A pleasant Dialogue between a Soldier of Barwicke and an +English Chaplain; wherein are largely handed such reasons as are +brought in for maintenance of Popish traditions in our English +Church. 8vo. <i>circa</i> 1581.</p> +<p>This work is frequently attributed to Barnaby Rich; but from +Bancroft's <i>Dangerous Positions</i>, p. 42, the author is +ascertained to have been Anthony Gilby.</p> +<p>2. The Trumpet of Fame; or Sir Francis Drake's and Sir John +Hawkin's Farewell: with an encouragement to all Sailors and +Souldiers that are minded to go in this worthie enterprise, &c. +12mo. London, by T. Creede, 1595.</p> +<p>This poetical tract is of the greatest rarity, and was unknown +to Ames, Herbert, Warton and Ritson. A MS. note, in a contemporary +hand, says the author was one Henry Roberts, whose initials are +appended to the work.</p> +<p>3. The Mastive, or Young Whelpe of the Olde Dogge. Epigrams and +Satyrs, by H.P. 4to. London, by T. Creede, <i>circa</i> 1600.</p> +<p>As an Epigram in this collection also appears in Henry Peacham's +<i>Minerva Britanna</i>, with a slight variation, it is fair to +surmise that he was the author of this very rare volume, in +preference to Henry Parrott.</p> +<p>4. Pasquil's Jests, mixed with Mother Bunch's Merriments. +Whereunto is added a dozen of Gulles. Pretty and pleasant to drive +away the tediousnesse of a winter's evening. 4to. 1608.</p> +<p>In the <i>British Bibliographer</i>, vol i., may be seen an +account of the edition of 1609, with extracts from it, and a +statement that "an earlier edition is without the Gulls." The +present copy (which passed through my hands some years ago), +although earlier, has the Gulls.</p> +<p>5. Holie Historie of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ's +Nativitie, Life, Actes, Miracles, Doctrine, Death, Passion, +Resurrection, and Ascension. Gathered into English Meeter, and +published to withdraw all vajne wits from all unsaverie and wicked +rimes and fables &c. 12mo. London, by R. Field, 1594.</p> +<p>Ames and Herbert say this book was written by <i>Henry</i> +Holland; but the author's name <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page414" id="page414"></a>{414}</span> was Robert Holland. It is +not mentioned by Warton.</p> +<p>6. News from the Stars; or, Erra Pater's Ghost, by Meriton +Latroon. 12mo. 1673.</p> +<p>"Richard Head, a broken bookseller, and the author of the +<i>English Rogue</i>, writ this. He turned Papist, and in his +voyage to Spain was drowned."—<i>MS. note in a contemporary +hand.</i></p> +<p class="author">Edward F. Rimbault.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>POPE, PETRONIUS, AND HIS TRANSLATORS.</h3> +<p>The vindication of Pope from the charge of borrowing his +well-known sentiment—"<i>Worth</i> makes a man," +&c.—from Petronius, is not so completely made out by +"P.C.S.S." as it might be; for surely there is a sufficient +similitude of idea, if not of expression, between the couplet of +Pope and the sentence of Petronius, as given in all four of the +translations cited by him (No. 23. p. 362.)—"The <i>heart</i> +makes the man," &c.—to warrant a notion that the one was +suggested by the other. But the surmise of plagiarism originates in +a misconception of the terms employed by the Latin +author—<i>virtus</i>, <i>frugalitas</i>, and more especially +<i>corcillum</i>,—which have been misunderstood by every one +of these translators. <i>Virtus</i> is applied to mental as well as +bodily superiority (<i>Cic. Fin.</i> v. 13.).—The sense in +which <i>frugalitas</i> is employed by Petronius may be collected +from a preceding passage in the same chapter, where Trimalchio +calls his pet <i>puerum frugalissimum</i>—a very +<i>clever</i> lad—as he explains the epithet by adding that +"he can read at sight, repeat from memory, cast up accounts, and +turn a penny to his own profit." <i>Corcillum</i> is a diminutive +of <i>corculum</i> (like <i>oscillum</i>, from <i>osculum</i>), +itself a diminutive of <i>cor</i>, which word, though commonly put +for "the heart," is also used by the best authors, Lucretius, +Horace, Terence, &c, in the same sense as our <i>wit</i>, +<i>wisdom</i>, <i>intellect</i>. The entire passage, if correctly +translated, might then be expressed as follows:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The time has been, my friends, when I myself was no better off +than you are; but I gained my present position solely by my own +talents (<i>virtute</i>). Wit (<i>corcillum</i>) makes the +man—(or, literally, It is wisdom that makes men of +us)—everything else is worthless lumber. I buy in the +cheapest and sell in the dearest market. But, as I said before, my +own shrewdness (<i>frugalitas</i>) made my fortune. I came from +Asia no taller than that lamp stand; and used to measure my height +against it day by day, and grease my muzzle (<i>rostrum</i>) with +oil from the lamp to make a beard come."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Then follow some additional examples of the youth's sagacity, +not adapted for translation, but equally instances of worldly +wisdom. Thus every one of the actions which Trimalchio enumerated +as the causes of his prosperity are emanations from the +<i>head</i>, not the <i>heart</i>; the results of a crafty +intellect, not of moral feeling; so that the sentiment he +professes, instead of being similar to, is exactly the reverse of +that expressed by Pope.</p> +<p>This explanation seems so satisfactory that we might be well +contented to rest here. But some MSS. have the reading +<i>coricillum</i> instead of <i>corcillum</i>. If that be received +as the genuine one, and some editors prefer it, the interpretation +above given will only be slightly modified, but not destroyed, by +the introduction of another image, the essential point remaining +the same. The insertion of a vowel, <i>i</i>, precludes all +connection with <i>cor</i> and its diminutives, but suggests a +derivation from [Greek: korukos], dim. [Greek: korukion], a +leathern sack or bag, which, when well stuffed, the Greeks used to +suspend in the gymnasium, like the pendulum of a clock (as may be +seem on a fictile vase), to buffet to and fro with blows of the +fist. The stuffed bag will represent the human head on the end of +its trunk; and the word may have been a slang one of the day, or +coined by the Asiatic Trimalchio, whose general language is filled +with provincial patois. The translation would then be, in the +familiar style of the original,—"The <i>noddle</i> makes the +man," &c.</p> +<p class="author">Anthony Rich, Jun.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>QUERIES.</h2> +<h3>WHEN WERE UMBRELLAS INTRODUCED INTO ENGLAND?</h3> +<p>Thomas Coryat, in his <i>Crudities</i>, vol. i. p. 134., gives +us a curious notice of the early use of the umbrella in Italy. +Speaking of fans, he says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"These fans are of a mean price, for a man may buy one of the +fairest of them for so much money as countervaileth one English +groat. Also many of them (the Italians) do carry other fine things +of a far greater price, that will cost at the least a ducat, which +they commonly call in the Italian tongue <i>umbrellaes</i>, that +is, things that minister shadow unto them for shelter against the +scorching heat of the sun. These are made of leather, something +answerable to the form of a little canopy, and hooped in the inside +with diverse little wooden hoops that extend the <i>umbrella</i> in +a pretty large compass. They are used especially by horsemen, who +carry them in their hands when they ride, fastening the end of the +handle upon one of their thighs: and they impart so long a shadow +unto them, that it keepeth the heat of the sun from the upper parts +of their bodies."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Lt.-Col. (afterwards Gen.) Wolfe, writing from Paris, in the +year 1752, says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The people here use umbrellas in hot weather to defend them +from the sun, and something of the same kind to secure them from +snow and rain. I wonder a practice so useful is not introduced in +England, (where there are such frequent showers,) and especially in +the country, where they can be expanded without any +inconveniency."</p> +</blockquote> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page415" id= +"page415"></a>{415}</span> +<p>Query, what is the date of the first introduction of the +<i>umbrella</i> into England?</p> +<p class="author">Edward F. Rimbault</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>Duke of Marlborough.</i>—The Annual Register for the +year 1758 (pp. 121-127.) contains an account of the circumstances +connected with the trial of one Barnard, son of a surveyor in +Abingdon Buildings, Westminster, on a charge of sending letters to +the Duke of Marlborough, threatening his life by means "too fatal +to be eluded by the power of physic," unless his grace "procured +him a genteel support for his life." The incidents are truly +remarkable, pointing most suspiciously toward Barnard; but he +escaped. Can any of your readers refer me to where I can find any +further account or elucidation of this affair?</p> +<p class="author">Buriensis.</p> +<p>"<i>M. or N.</i>"—Of what words are "M. or N." the +initials? Vide the answers to be given in the Church Catechism, and +some of the occasional offices in he liturgy.</p> +<p class="author">J.C.</p> +<p class="note">[It has been suggested that "M. or N." originated +in a misreading of "NOM," a contraction for "<i>nomen</i>." This is +certainly an ingenious explanation, though not a satisfactory +one.]</p> +<p><i>Song of the Bees.</i>—Who was the author of the lines +under this title beginning,</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"We watch for the light of the moon to break</p> +<p>and colour the grey eastern sky</p> +<p>With its blended hues of saffron and lake," &c.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>I have always understood them to be Dr. Aikin's, but latterly +that has been contradicted.</p> +<p class="author">Buriensis.</p> +<p><i>William Godwin.</i>—Can any of your correspondents tell +me where I can find an account of the leading events of the life of +William Godwin, author of <i>Caleb Williams, St. Leon, +Mandeville</i> &c., or any reference to his last hours? His +sentiments, political and religious, are said to have been +<i>peculiar</i>.</p> +<p class="author">N.</p> +<p>Woodbridge, April 15.</p> +<p><i>Regimental Badges.</i>—When were the regimental badges +granted to the first nine infantry corps of the line, and under +what circumstances were they so granted?</p> +<p class="author">J.C.</p> +<p>London, April 15. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Mother of Thomas à Becket.</i>—The well-known +romantic legend of the origin of this lady has been introduced into +the <i>Pictorial History of England</i>, on the authority of +"Brompton in X. Scriptores." And on the same page (552. vol. i.) is +a pictorial representation of the "Baptism of the Mother of Becket, +from the Royal MS. 2 B. vii."</p> +<p>Now, Lord Campbell, in his <i>Lives of the Chancellors</i>, +repudiates the story in toto; but without assigning any other +reason for doing so, than an inference from the silence of Becket +himself and his secretary, Fitzstephen, on the point.</p> +<p>Can any of the learned gentlemen, whose distinguished names +adorn your valuable pages, direct an humble student to the fountain +of truth, for the settlement of this <i>verata questio</i>?</p> +<p class="author">W. Franks Mathews.</p> +<p>Kidderminster, April 7. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Swords worn in public.</i>—Can any of your +correspondents say when swords ceased to be worn as an article of +ordinary dress, and whether the practice was abolished by act of +parliament, or that they gradually went out of fashion.</p> +<p class="author">J.D.A.</p> +<p>April 17. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Emblem and National Motto of Ireland.</i>—How long has +the <i>harp</i> been the emblem, and <i>Erin-go-bragh</i> the +national motto of Ireland? To this I give another query,—What +is the national motto of England?</p> +<p class="author">E.M.B.</p> +<p><i>Latin Distich and Translation.</i>—Who were the authors +of the following Latin Distich, and its English translation?</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Mittitur in disco mihi piscis ab archiepisco—</p> +<p>—Po non ponatur, quia potus non mihi datur."</p> +<p>"I had sent me a fish in a great dish by the archbish—</p> +<p>—Hop is not here, for he gave me no beer."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">E.M.B.</p> +<p><i>Verbum Græcum.</i>—Who was the author of</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Like the <i>verbum Græcum</i></p> +<p>Spermagoraiolekitholukanopolides,</p> +<p>Words that should only be said upon holidays,</p> +<p>When one has nothing else to do."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The <i>verbum Græcum</i> itself is in Aristophanes' +<i>Lysistrata</i>, 457.</p> +<p class="author">E.M.B.</p> +<p><i>Pope Felix.</i>—Who is "Pope Felix," mentioned in +Ælfric's <i>Homily on the Birthday of St. Gregory</i>? +Ælfric, in speaking of the ancestors of St. Gregory, states +that "<i>Felix</i> se eawfaesta <i>papa</i> waes his fifta +faeder,"—"Felix the pious pope was his fifth father," +(<i>i.e.</i> great grandfather's grandfather).</p> +<p class="author">E.M.B.</p> +<p>April 15. 1850.</p> +<p>"<i>Where England's Monarch," and "I'd preach as +though.</i>"—Will any of your subscribers have the kindness +to inform me who was the author of the lines</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Where England's monarch all uncovered sat</p> +<p>And Bradshaw bullied in a broad-brimm'd hat."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>And also of these, quoted by Henry Martyn as "well-known:"</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"I'd preach as though I ne'er should preach again,</p> +<p>I'd preach as dying unto dying men."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">H.G.</p> +<p>Milford, April 15. 1850.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page416" id= +"page416"></a>{416}</span> +<p><i>Latin Epigram.</i>—I should be much obliged to any of +your readers who can inform me who was the author and what is the +date of the following epigram. The peculiarity of it, your readers +will observe, consists in the fact, that while read directly it +contains a strong compliment; yet it is capable of being read +backwards, still forming the same description of verse, but +conveying a perfect reverse of the compliment:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Laus tua, non tua fraus; virtus non copia rerum,</p> +<p class="i2">Scandere te fecit hoc decus eximium,</p> +<p>Pauperibus tua das; nunquam stat janua clausa;</p> +<p class="i2">Fundere res quæris, nec tua multiplicas.</p> +<p>Conditio tua sit stabilis! non tempore parvo</p> +<p class="i2">Vivere te faciat hic Deus omnipotens."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>When reversed, it reads thus:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Omnipotens Deus hic faciat te vivere parvo</p> +<p class="i2">Tempore! Non stabilis sit tua conditio.</p> +<p>Multiplicas tua, nec quæris res fundere; clausa</p> +<p class="i2">Janua stat, nunquam das tua pauperibus.</p> +<p>Eximium decus hoc fecit te scandere rerum</p> +<p class="i2">Copia, non virtus; fraus tua, non tua laus."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Any additional information would much oblige.</p> +<p class="author">O.</p> +<p>April 15. 1850.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>REPLIES.</h2> +<h3>GRAY'S ALCAIC ODE.</h3> +<p>Circumstances enable me to give a reply, which I believe will be +found correct, to the inquiry of "C.B." in p. 382. of your 24th +Number, "Whether Gray's celebrated Latin Ode is actually to be +found entered at the Grande Chartreuse?" The fact is, that the +French Revolution—that whirlwind which swept from the earth +all that came within its reach and seemed elevated enough to offer +opposition—spared not the poor monks of the Chartreuse. A +rabble from Grenoble and other places, attacked the monastery; +burnt, plundered, or destroyed their books, papers, and property, +and dispersed the inmates; while the buildings were left standing, +not from motives of respect, but because they would have been +troublesome and laborious to pull down, and were not sufficiently +combustible to burn.</p> +<p>In travelling on the Continent with a friend, during the summer +of 1817, we made a pilgrimage to the Grande Chartreuse, reaching it +from the side of the Echelles. It was an interesting moment; for at +that very time the scattered remains of the society had collected +together, and were just come again to take possession of and +reinhabit their old abode. And being their <i>jour de +spaciment</i>, the whole society was before us, as they returned +from their little pilgrimage up the mountain, where they had been +visiting St. Bruno's chapel and spring; and it was impossible not +to think with respect of the self-devotion of these men, who, after +having for many years partaken (in a greater or less degree) of the +habits and comforts of a civilised life, had thus voluntarily +withdrawn themselves once more to their stern yet beautiful +solitude (truly, as Gray calls it, a <i>locus severus</i>), there +to practise the severities of their order, without, it may be +supposed, any possessions or means, except what they were +themselves enabled to throw into a common stock; for nearly the +whole of their property had been seized by the government during +the Revolution, and was still held by it.</p> +<p>Our conversation was almost wholly with two of the fathers (they +use the prefix <i>Dom</i>), whose names I forget, and have mislaid +my memorandum of them. One of these had been in England, when +driven out; and was there protected by the Weld family in +Dorsetshire, of whom he spoke in terms of sincere gratitude and +respect. The other told us that he was a native of Chambery, and +had done no more than cross the mountains to get home. On asking +him for Gray's Ode, he shook his head, saying, the Revolution had +robbed them of that, and every thing else; but repeated the first +line of it, so that there was no mistake as to the object of my +inquiry. From what occurred afterwards, it appears, however, to be +questionable whether he knew more than the first line; for I was +informed that later English travellers had been attempting, from a +laudable desire of diffusing information, to write out the whole in +the present Album of the Chartreuse, by contributing a line or +stanza, as their recollection served; but that, after all, this +pic-nic composition was not exactly what Gray wrote. Of course, had +our friend the Dom known how to supply the deficiencies, he would +have done it.</p> +<p>There is a translation of the Ode by James Hay Beattie, son of +the professor and poet, printed amongst his poems, which is much +less known than its merits deserve. And I would beg to suggest to +such of your readers as may in the course of their travels visit +this monastery, that books (need I say <i>proper</i> ones?) would +be a most acceptable present to the library; also, that there is a +regular Album kept, in which those who, in this age of "talent" and +"intelligence," consider themselves able to write better lines than +Gray's, are at liberty to do so if they please.</p> +<p>A very happy conjecture appeared in the <i>European Magazine</i> +some time between 1804 and 1808, as to the conclusion of the +stanzas to Mr. Beattie. The corner of the paper on which they had +been written as torn off; and Mr. Mason supplies what is deficient +in the following manner, the words added by him being printed in +Italics:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Enough for me, if to some feeling breast</p> +<p class="i2">My lines a secret sympathy <i>impart</i>;</p> +<p>And as their pleasing influence <i>flows confest</i>,</p> +<p class="i2">A sign of soft reflection <i>heave the +heart</i>."</p> +</div> +</div> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page417" id= +"page417"></a>{417}</span> +<p>This, it will be seen, is prosaic enough; but the correspondent +of the <i>E. Mag.</i> supposes the lines to have ended differently; +and that the poet, in some peculiar fit of modesty, tore off the +name. His version is this:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Enough for me, if to some feeling breast,</p> +<p class="i2">My lines a secret sympathy <i>convey</i>;</p> +<p>And as their pleasing influence <i>is imprest</i>,</p> +<p class="i2">A sigh of soft reflection <i>heave for Gray</i>."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>One word upon another poet, Byron <i>v</i>. Tacitus, in p. 390. +of your 24th Number. There can be no doubt that the noble writer +had this passage of Tacitus in his mind, when he committed the +couplet in question to paper; but, in all probability, he +considered it so well known as not to need acknowledgment. Others +have alluded to it in the same way. The late Rev. W. Crowe, B.C.L., +of New College, Oxford, and public orator of that University, in +some lines recited by his son at the installation of Lord +Grenville, has the following:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And when he bids the din of war to cease,</p> +<p>He calls the silent desolation—peace."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>I wonder where Lord Byron stole stanzas 1, 2, 3, 4, of the +second canto of <i>The Bride of Abydos</i>; to say nothing of some +more splendid passages in the first and second cantos of <i>Childe +Harold</i>?</p> +<p class="author">W. (1.)</p> +<hr /> +<h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>Chapels.</i>—Perhaps the following remarks will be of +service to "Mr. GATTY" in the solution of his Queries touching the +word <i>Chapel</i> (No. 21.).</p> +<p>Spelman (<i>Glossary, sub voce</i>) endeavours to convince us +that <i>capella</i> is the same as <i>capsella</i>, the diminutive +of <i>capsa</i>; thus making <i>chapel</i>, in the first instance, +"a small repository" (<i>sc.</i> of relics). Richardson is also in +favour of this etymon, notwithstanding its harshness and +insipidity. I think the common derivation (from <i>capella</i>, +diminutive of <i>capa</i>) very much preferable to any other, both +on the score of philology and of history. Ducange has quoted +several passages, all tending to evince that <i>capella</i> +(explained by the Teutonic <i>voccus</i>) was specially applied to +the famous vestment of St. Martin, comprising his cloak and hood +(not merely his <i>hat</i>, as some writers mention). The name was +then metonymically transferred to the repository in which that +relic was preserved, and afterwards, by a natural expansion, became +the ordinary designation of the smaller sanctuaries. This +derivation is distinctly affirmed by Walafred Strabo about 842, and +by a monk of St. Gall, placed by Basnage about 884. The earliest +instance where the word <i>capella</i> is used for the vestment of +St. Martin appears to be in a "Placitum" of Theodoric, King of +France, who ascended the throne A.D. 672—"in oratorio nostro +super capella Domini Martini ... hæc dibiret conjurare." In a +second "Placitum," also quoted by Ducange, of Childebert, King of +France (<i>circa</i> 695), the word <i>capella</i> seems to mean a +<i>sacred building</i>—"in oratorio suo seu capella Sancti +Marthini." And in a charter of Charles the Simple, <i>circ.</i> +900, the term unquestionably occurs in this latter signification, +disconnected from St. Martin. Other illustrations may be seen in +Ducange, who has bestowed especial industry on the words +<i>capa</i> and <i>capella</i>.</p> +<p>With respect to the <i>legal</i> definition of the modern +<i>chapel</i>, I may mention that, in stat. 7 & 8 Geo. IV. c. +29. s. 10., it signifies, according to Mr. Stephens (<i>Eccl. +Statutes</i>, p. 1357.), "a chapel where the rites and ceremonies +of the Church of England are performed, and does not include the +chapels of Dissenters." In stat. 7 & 8 Geo. IV. c. 30., we +read, notwithstanding, of "any <i>chapel</i> for the religious +worship of persons dissenting from the United Church of England and +Ireland."</p> +<p class="author">C.H.</p> +<p>St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge.</p> +<p><i>Chapels</i> (No. 20. p. 333., and No. 23. p. 371.).—The +opinion of the "BARRISTER" that this term had come into use as a +designation of dissenting places of worship from no "idea of either +assistance or opposition to the Church of England," but only as a +supposed means of security to the property, is probably correct. +Yet it is likely different reasons may have had weight in different +places.</p> +<p>However, he is mistaken in "believing that we must date the +adoption of that term from about" forty years ago. I am seventy-six +years old, and I can bear testimony, that from my infancy it was +the term universally employed in Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Cheshire, +Lancashire, and, I think probable, in the more northern counties. +In common speech, it was used as the word of discrimination from +the Methodist places of worship, which bore the name of +<i>Meeting-houses</i>, or, more generally, <i>Meetings</i>. But +within the period (forty years) assigned by your learned +correspondent, I think that I have observed the habit to have +extensively obtained of applying the term <i>Chapels</i> to the +latter class of places.</p> +<p>I have abundant evidence of the general use of the term for +dissenting buildings, back to the seventeenth century. From my +early life, I remember the current opinion to have been that +<i>Chapel</i> was the word in use north of the Trent, and +<i>Meeting-house</i> in Nottingham and southwards.</p> +<p>An eminent antiquary, the Rev. Joseph Hunter, F.S.A., could cast +a full light upon this subject.</p> +<p class="author">J.P.S.</p> +<p>Homerton, April 15.</p> +<p><i>Beaver</i> (No. 21. p. 338.).—The earliest form of this +word is <i>fiber</i>, which is used to signify the animal, the +<i>Castor</i>, by Varro and Pliny. The fabulous story of the +self-emasculation by which the beaver eludes pursuit, is thus +introduced by Silius, in illustrating the flight of +Hasdrubal:—</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page418" id= +"page418"></a>{418}</span> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Fluminei veluti deprensus gurgitis undis,</p> +<p>Avulsâ parte inguinibus caussaque pericli,</p> +<p>Enatat intento prædæ <i>fibor</i> avius hoste."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Punica</i>, IV. 485-8, where see Ruperti.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The scholiast on Juvenal, xii. 34., has the low Latin +<i>vebrus</i>. (See Forcellini, Lex. in <i>Fiber</i> et +<i>Castor</i>, Ducange in <i>Bever</i>, and Adelung in +<i>Biber</i>.) Derivations of the word <i>bebrus</i> occur in all +the languages of Europe, both Romanic and Teutonic; and denote the +Castor. <i>Beaver</i>, in the sense of a <i>hat</i> or <i>cap</i>, +is a secondary application, derived from the material of which the +hat or cap was made.</p> +<p class="author">W.</p> +<p><i>Poins and Bardolph</i> (No. 24. p. 385.)—Mr. Collier +(Life prefixed to the edit. of <i>Shakspeare</i>, p. 139.) was the +first to notice that Bardolph, Fluellen, and Awdrey, were names of +persons living at Stratford in the lifetime of the poet; and Mr. +Halliwell (<i>Life of Shakspeare</i>, pp. 126-7) has carried the +subject still further, and shown that the names of ten characters +in the plays are also found in the early records of that town. +Poins was, I believe, a common Welsh name.</p> +<p class="author">S.</p> +<p><i>God tempers the Wind</i> (No. 22. p. 357.)—Le Roux de +Liney, <i>Livre des Proverbes Français</i> (Paris, 1842), +tom. i. p. 11., cites the following proverbs—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Dieu mesure le froid à la brebis tondue,</p> +<p class="i10">ou,</p> +<p>Dieu donne le froid selon la robbe,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>from Henri Estienne, <i>Prémices</i>, &c., p. 47., a +collection of proverbs published in 1594. He also quotes from +Gabriel Meurier, <i>Trésor des Sentences</i>, of the +sixteenth century:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Dieu aide les mal vestus."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">SIWEL.</p> +<p>April 5. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Sterne's Koran</i> (No. 14. p. 216.)—An inquiry +respecting this work appeared in the <i>Gent. Mag.</i>, vol. lxvii. +pt. ii. p. 565.; and at p. 755. we are told by a writer under the +signature of "Normanus," that in <i>his</i> edition of Sterne, +printed at Dublin, 1775, 5 vols. 12mo., the Koran was placed at the +end, the editor honestly confessing that it was <i>not</i> the +production of Sterne, but of Mr. Richard Griffith (son of Mrs. +Griffith, the <i>Novellettist</i>), then a gentleman of large +fortune seated at Millecent, co. Kildare, and married to a daughter +of the late Ld. C.B. Burgh.</p> +<p>I possess a copy of an indifferent edition of Sterne's works, in +point of paper and type, "Printed for J. Mozley, Gainsbrough, 1795. +8 vols. 12mo." The Koran is in the sixth vol., termed "The +Posthumous Works of L. Sterne," dedicated to the Earl of Charlemont +by the editor, who, in his address to the reader, professes to have +received the MS. from the hands of the author some time before his +untimely death.</p> +<p>This I hope will answer the Query of "E.L.N.:" and at the same +time I wish to express my regret, that we do not possess a really +good and complete edition of Sterne's Works, with a Life and +literary history of them, incorporating the amusing illustrations +by Dr. Ferriar.</p> +<p>F.R.A.</p> +<p class="author">April 12. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Lollius.</i>—In answer to "J.M.B." (No. 19. p. 303.) as +to who was the Lollius spoken of by Chaucer, I send you the +following. <i>Lollius</i> was the real or fictitious name of the +author or translator of many of our Gothic prose romances. +D'Israeli, in his admirable <i>Amenities of Literature</i>, vol. i. +p. 141., says:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"In some colophons of the prose romances the names of real +persons are assigned as the writers; but the same romance is +equally ascribed to different persons, and works are given as +translations which in fact are originals. Amid this prevailing +confusion, and these contradictory statements, we must agree with +the editor of Warton, that we cannot with any confidence name the +author of any of these prose romances. Ritson has aptly treated +these pseudonymous translators as 'men of straw.' We may say of +them all, as the antiquary Douce, in the agony of his baffled +researches after one of their favourite authorities, a Will o' the +Wisp named LOLLIUS, exclaimed, somewhat gravely,—'Of Lollius +it will become every one to speak with diffidence.'"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Perhaps this "scrap" of information may lead to something more +extensive.</p> +<p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> +<p><i>Henry Ryder, Bishop of Killaloe</i> (No. 24. p. +383).—Henry Ryder, D.D., a native of Paris, and Bishop of +Killaloe, after whose paternity "W.D.R." inquires, was advanced to +that see by patent dated June 5. 1693 (not 1692), and consecrated +on the Sunday following in the church of Dunboyne, in the co. +Meath. See Archdeacon Cotton's <i>Fasti Ecclesiæ +Hibernicæ</i>, vol. i. p. 404., who gives an account of his +family.</p> +<p class="author">W.(I.)</p> +<p><i>Brown Study</i> (No. 22. p. 352.).—Surely a corruption +of brow-study, brow being derived from to old German, <i>braun</i>, +in its compound form <i>ang-braun</i>, an eyebrow. (Vide Wachter, +<i>Gloss. Germ.</i>)</p> +<p class="author">HENNES</p> +<p><i>Seven Champions of Christendom.</i>—Who was the author +of <i>The Seven Champions of Christendom</i>?</p> +<p class="author">R.F. JOHNSON.</p> +<p class="note">[<i>The Seven Champions of Christendom</i>, which +Ritson describes as "containing all the lies of Christendom in one +lie," was written by the well-known Richard Johnson. Our +correspondent will find many curious particulars of his various +works in the Introduction which Mr. Chappell has prefixed to one of +them, viz. <i>The Crown Garland of Golden Roses</i>, edited by him +from the edition of 1612 for the Percy Society.]</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page419" id= +"page419"></a>{419}</span> +<p>"<i>Tempora mutantur nos et mutamur in illis</i>."—"E.V." +(p. 215.) is referred to Cicero <i>De Officiis</i>, lib. i. cap. +10., and Ovid, <i>Met</i>. lib. xv. 165. et seqq.</p> +<p>"<i>Vox Præterea nihil</i>."—"C.W.G." (p. 247.) is +also referred to Ovid, <i>Met</i>. lib. iii. 397., and Lactantius, +lib. iii. Fab. v. These are the nearest approximations I know.</p> +<p class="author">A.W.</p> +<p><i>Vox Populi Vox Dei.</i>—The words "Populi vox, vox +Dei," stand as No. 97. among the "Aphorismi Politici ex Ph. +Cominoeo," in a small volume in my possession, entitled,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Aphorismi Politici et Militares, etc. par Lambertum +Danæum collecti. Lugduni Batavorum. CID IDC XXX IX."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>There is no reference given to book or chapter; and, judging +from the manner in which the aphorisms of Thucydides and Tacitus +(which I have been able to examine) are quoted, I fear it may be +found that the words in question are rather a condensation of some +paragraph by Des Comines that the <i>ipsissima verba</i> that he +employed.</p> +<p class="author">C. FORBES.</p> +<p>Temple.</p> +<p><i>The Cuckoo.</i>—In respect to the Query of "G." (No. +15. p. 230.), on the cuckoo, as the Welsh Ambassador, I would +suggest that it was in allusion to the annual arrival of Welshmen +in search of summer and other employment. As those wanderers may +have entered England about the time of the cuckoo's appearance, the +idea that the bird was the precursor of the Welsh might thus become +prevalent. Also, on the quotation given by "PETIT ANDRÉ" +(No. 18. p. 283.) of Welsh parsley, or hempen halters, it may have +derived its origin from the severity practised on the Welsh, in the +time of their independence, when captured on the English side of +the border,—the death of the prisoner being inevitable.</p> +<p class="author">GOMER.</p> +<p><i>Ancient Titles</i> (No. 11. p. 173.).—It may be +interesting to your querist "B." to know that the seal of the +borough of Chard, in the county of Somerset, has two birds in the +position which he describes, with the date 1570.</p> +<p class="author">S.S.S.</p> +<p><i>Daysman</i> (No. 12. p. 188., No. 17. p. 267.).—For +quoted instances of this, and other obsolete words, see Jameson's +<i>Bible Glossary</i>, just published by Wertheim in Paternoster +Row.</p> +<p class="author">S.S.S.</p> +<p><i>Safeguard</i> (No. 17. p. 267.).—The article of dress +for the purpose described is still used by farmers' wives and +daughters in the west of England, and is known by the same +name.</p> +<p class="author">S.S.S.</p> +<p><i>Finkle</i> (No. 24. p. 384.).—means <i>fennel</i>. Mr. +Halliwell (<i>Dict.</i> p. 357.) quotes from a MS. of the +<i>Nominale</i>, "fynkylsede, <i>feniculum</i>."</p> +<p class="author">L.</p> +<p><i>Gourders of Rain</i> (No. 21. p. 335., No. 22. p. +357.).—Has the word "Gourders" any connection with +<i>Gourtes</i>, a stream, or pool? See Cotgrave's <i>Dict.</i>, and +Kelham's <i>Dict. of the Norman Language</i>.</p> +<p><i>Geotere</i> is the A.-S. word for "melter;" but may not the +term be applied to the pourer out of anything? Gourd is used by +Chaucer in the sense of a vessel. (See <i>Prol. to the Manciple's +Tale</i>.)</p> +<p class="author">C.I.R.</p> +<p><i>Urbanus Regius</i> (No. 23. p. 367.).—The "delightful +old lady" is informed that "Urbanus Regius" (or Urban le Roi) was +one of the reformers, a native of Langenargen, in Germany. His +works were published under the title of <i>Vitet et Opera Urbani +Regii, &c.</i>, Norib. 1562. His theological works have been +translated into English, as the lady is aware.</p> +<p class="author">W. FRANKS MATHEWS.</p> +<p>Kidderminster, April 7. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Horns</i> (No. 24. p. 383.).—Rosenmüller ad Exodum +xxxiv. 29.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>Ignorabat quods plenderet entis faciei ejus</i>. Vulgatus +interpres reddidit. <i>Ignorabat quod cornuta esset facies sua</i>, +quia verbum <i>Karan</i> denominativum nominis <i>Keren, cornu</i>; +opinatus est denotare, <i>cornua habere</i>; hine nata opinio, +Mosis faciem fuisse cornutam. Sed nomen [Hebrew: keren] ob +similitudinem et ad <i>radios</i> transferri, docet Haliæ, m. +4. ubi de fulminibus dicitur.... Hic denotat <i>emisit radias</i>, +i.e. splenduit." LXX. [Greek: dedoxastai]. Our version, +<i>shone</i>.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>R. ad Psal. xxii. seems to say, that in Arabic there is the like +metaphor, of the sun's rays to a deer's horns. R. adds, that the +Jews also attributed horns to Moses in another sense, figuratively +for power, as elsewhere.</p> +<p><i>Tauriformis.</i>—The old scholiasts on Horace say that +rivers are always represented with horns, "propter impetum et +mugitum æquarum."</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Corniger Hesperidum fluvius."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>An old modern commentator observes, that in Virgil "Rhenus +bicornis," rather applies to its two æstuaries.</p> +<p>When Milton says (xi. 831.) "push'd by the horned flood," he +seems rather to mean, as Newton explains him, that "rivers, when +they meet with anything to obstruct their passage, divide +themselves and become <i>horned</i> as it were, and hence the +ancients have compared them to bulls."</p> +<p class="author">C.B.</p> +<p class="note">["M." (Oxford) refers our correspondent to +Facciolati, <i>Lexicon</i>, ed. Bailey, voc. <i>Corun</i>.]</p> +<p><i>Horns</i> (No. 24. p. 383.).—1. Moses' face, Ex. ch. +xxxiv. (<i>karan</i>, Heb.), shot out beams or <i>horns</i> of +light (from <i>keren</i>, Heb.); so the first beams of the rising +sun are by the Arabian poets compared to horns. Absurdly rendered +by Aqu. and Vulg. (facies) <i>cornuta erat</i>. Whence painters +represent Moses as having horns.—Gesenius, <i>Heb. +Lex.</i></p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page420" id= +"page420"></a>{420}</span> +<p>2. There appear many reasons for likening rivers to bulls. +Euripides calls Cephisus taumomorphos, and Horace gives Aufidus the +same epithet, for the same reason probably, as makes him call it +also "longe sonans," "violentus," and "acer;" viz., the bull-like +roaring of its waters, and the blind fury of its course, especially +in flood time. Other interpretations may be given: thus, Milton, +Dryden, and others, speak of the "horned flood," <i>i.e.</i>, a +body of water which, when it meets with any obstruction, divides +itself and becomes <i>horned</i>, as it were. See Milt. P.L. xi. +831., and notes on the passage by Newton and Todd. Dryden speaks of +"the seven-fold <i>horns</i> of the Nile," using the word as +equivalent to winding stream. It would be tedious to multiply +examples.</p> +<p>3. Of this phrase I have never seen a satisfactory explanation. +"Coruna nasci" is said by Petronius, in a general sense, of one in +great distress. As applied to a cuckold, it is common to most of +the modern European languages. The Italian phrase is "becco +cornuto" (horned goat), which the Accademici della Crusca explain +by averring that that animal, unlike others can without anger bear +a rival in his female's love.</p> +<p>"Dr. Burn, in his <i>History of Westmoreland</i>, would trace +this <i>crest</i> of <i>cuckoldom</i> to horns worn as crests by +those who went to the Crusades, as their armorial distinctions; to +the infidelity of consorts during their absence, and to the finger +of scorn pointed at them on their return; crested indeed, but +abused."—<i>Todd's Johnson's Dictionary</i>.</p> +<p class="author">R.T.H.G.</p> +<p><i>Why Moses represented with Horns.</i>—You may inform +your querist "L.C." (No. 24 p. 383.), that the strange practice of +making Moses appear horned, which is not confined to statues, arose +from the mistranslation of Exod. xxxiv. 30. & 35. in the +Vulgate, which is to the Romanist his authenticated scripture. For +there he reads "faciem Moysi cornutum," instead of "the skin of +Moses' face shone." The Hebrew verb put into our type is +<i>coran</i>, very possibly the root of the Latin <i>cornu</i>: and +its primary signification is to put forth horns; its secondary, to +shoot forth rays, to shine. The participle is used in its primary +sense in Psalms, xix. 31.; but the Greek Septuagint, and all +translators <i>from the Hebrew</i> into modern European languages, +have assigned to the verb its secondary meaning in Exod. xxxiv. In +that chapter the nominative to <i>coran</i> is, in both verses, +undeniably <i>skin</i>, not <i>head</i> nor <i>face</i>. Now it +would obviously be absurd to write "his skin was horned," so that +common sense, and the authority of the Septuagint, supported by the +language of St. Paul in his paraphrase and comment on this passage +in 2 Cor. iii. 7-13., ought to have been sufficient to guide any +Christian translator as to the sense to be attached to <i>coran</i> +in the mention of Moses.</p> +<p class="author">H.W.</p> +<p>Oxford, April 16, 1850.</p> +<p class="note">[We have since received replies to a similar +effect, from "SIR EDMUND FILMER," "J.E.," &c. "R.G." refers our +Querist to Leigh's <i>Critica Særa</i>, part I. p. 219. +London, 1662; and "M." refers him to the note on this passage in +Exodus in M. Polus' <i>Synopsis Criticorum</i>. To "T.E." we are +indebted for Notes on other portions of "L.C.'s" Queries.]</p> +<p><i>The Temple or A Temple.</i>—"Mr. Foss" says (No. 21. p. +335.) that in Tyrwhitt's edition of Chaucer and in all other copies +he has seen, the reading is—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"A gentil manciple was there of a temple."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>In an imperfect black-letter folio copy of Chaucer in my +possession (with curious wood-cuts, but without title-page, or any +indications of its date, printer, &c.), the reading +is—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"A gentyl mancyple was there of <i>the</i> temple."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>That the above is the true reading ("the real passage"), and +that it is to be applied to <i>the</i> temple, appears to me from +what follows, in the description of the manciple.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Of maysters had he moo than thryes ten</p> +<p>That were of lawe expirte and curyous,</p> +<p>Of whyche there were a dosen in that hous</p> +<p>Worthy to be," &c.;</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">P.H.F.</p> +<p>March 23, 1850.</p> +<p><i>Ecclesiastical Year</i> (No. 24. p. 381.).—The +following note on the calendar is authority for the statement +respecting the beginning of the ecclesiastical year:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Note that the Golden Number and the Dominicall letter doeth +change euery yeere the first day of January. Note also, that the +yeere of our Lord beginneth the xxv. day of March, the same +supposed to be the first day upon which the world was created, and +the day when Christ was conceived in the womb of the Virgin +Mary."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>As in the Book of Common Prayer, Lond. 1614, p. 2. Bishop Cosins +remarks, "beginneth the 25th day of March."</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Romani annum suum auspicantur ad calendas Januarias. Idem +faciunt hodierni Romani et qui in aliis regnis papæ +authoritatem agnoseunt. Ecclesia autem Anglicana sequitur +suppotationem antiquam a Dionysio Exiguo inchoatum, anno Christi +532."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Nicholl's Commentary on the Book of Common Prayer, additional +notes, p. 10. Fol. Lond. 1712, vid. loe.</p> +<p>In the Book of Common Prayer, Oxford, 1716, the note +is,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>Note.</i>—The supputation of the year of our Lord in +the Church of England beginneth the five-and-twentieth day of +March."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This note does not now appear in our Prayer Books, being +omitted, I suppose, in consequence <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page421" id="page421"></a>{421}</span> of the adoption of the new +style in England in 1752. The daily course of lessons used to +begin, as it does now, with the Book of Genesis and of St. Matthew, +in January; the collects, epistles, and gospels with those for +Advent.</p> +<p class="author">M.</p> +<p>Oxford.</p> +<p><i>Paying through the Nose</i> (No. 21. p. 335.).—I have +always understood this to be merely a degenerated pronunciation of +the last word. Paying through <i>the noose</i> gives the idea so +exactly, that, as far as the etymology goes, it is explanatory +enough. But whether <i>that</i> reading has an historical origin +may be another question. It scarcely seems to need one.</p> +<p class="author">C.W.H.</p> +<p><i>Quem Deus vult perdere, &c.</i> (No. 22. p. +351.).—The correct reading is, "Quem Jupiter vult perdere, +dementat prius." See Duport's <i>Gnomologia Homerica</i>, p. 282. +(Cantab. 1660.) Athenagoras quotes Greek lines, and renders them in +Latin (p. 121. Oxon. 1682):</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"At dæmon homini quum struit aliquid malum,</p> +<p>Pervertit illi primitus mentem suam."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The word "dementat" is not to be met with, I believe, in the +works of any real classical author. Butler has employed the idea in +part 3. canto 2. line 565. of <i>Hudibras</i>:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Like men condemned to thunderbolts,</p> +<p>Who, ere the blow, become mere dolts."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">C.I.R.</p> +<p><i>Shrew</i> (No. 24. p. 381.).—The word, I apprehend, +means sharp. The mouse, which is not the field-mouse, as Halliwell +states, but an animal of a different order of quadrupeds, has a +very sharp snout. Shrewd means sharp generally. Its bad sense is +only incidental. They seem connected with scratch; screw; shrags, +the end of sticks or furze (Halliwell); to shred (A.-S., screadan, +but which must be a secondary form of the verb). That the +shrew-mouse is called in Latin <i>sorex</i>, seems to be an +accidental coincidence. That is said to be derived from [Greek: +urax]. The French have confounded the two, and give the name +<i>souris</i> to the common mouse, but <i>not</i> to the +shrew-mouse.</p> +<p>I protest, for one, against admitting that Broc is derived from +<i>broc</i>, persecution, which of course is participle from break. +We say "to badger" for to annoy, to teaze. I suppose two centuries +hence will think the name of the animal is derived from that verb, +and not the verb from it. It means also, in A.-S., <i>equus +vilis</i>, a horse that is worn out or "broken down."</p> +<p class="author">C.B.</p> +<p><i>Zenobia</i> (No. 24. p. 383.).—Zenobia is said to be +"gente Judaea," in Hoffman's <i>Lexicon Universale</i>, and +Facciolati, ed. Bailey, Appendix, voc. <i>Zenobia</i>.</p> +<p class="author">M.</p> +<p>Oxford.</p> +<p><i>Cromwell's Estates</i> (No. 24. p. 389.).—There is +Woolaston, in Gloucestershire, four miles from Chepstow, chiefly +belonging now to the Duke of Beaufort.</p> +<p class="author">C.B.</p> +<p><i>Vox et præterea Nihil</i> (No. 16. p. 247., and No. 24. +p. 387.).—This saying is to be found in Plutarch's <i>Laconic +Apophthegms</i> ([Greek: Apophthegmata Lakonika]), Plutarchi +<i>Opera Moralia</i>, ed. Dan. Wyttenbach, vol. i. p. 649.</p> +<p>Philemon Holland has "turned it into English" thus:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Another [Laconian] having plucked all the feathers off from a +nightingale, and seeing what a little body it had: 'Surely,' quoth +he, 'thou art all voice, and nothing else.'"—<i>Plutarch's +Morals</i>, fol. 1603. p. 470.</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">W.B.R.</p> +<p><i>Law of Horses.</i>—The following is from Oliphant's +<i>Law of Horses, &c.</i>, p. 75. Will any of your readers +kindly tell me whether the view is correct?</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"It is said in <i>Southerene</i> v. <i>Howe</i> (2 Rol. Rep. +5.), <i>Si home vend chivall que est lame, null action gist peur +ceo, mes</i> caveat emptor: <i>lou jeo vend chivall que ad null +oculus la null action gist; autrement lou il ad un conterfeit faux +et</i> bright eye." "If a man sell a horse which is lame, no action +lyes for that, but <i>caveat emptor</i>; and when I sell a horse +that has <i>no</i> eye, there no action lies; otherwise where he +has a counterfeit, false, and <i>bright eye</i>."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Thus it appears that a distinction is here made between a horse +having <i>no</i> eye at all, and having a counterfeit, false or +<i>bright</i> one. And probably by <i>bright eye</i> is meant +<i>glass eye</i>, or <i>gutta serena</i>; and the words +"counterfeit" and "false" may be an attempt of the reporter to +explain an expression which he did not understand. Because putting +a false eye into a horse is far in advance of the sharpest +practices of the present day, or of any former period.</p> +<p>Note.—<i>Gutta Serena</i>, commonly called glass-eye, is a +species of blindness; the pupil is unusually dilated; it is +immovable, bright, and glassy.</p> +<p class="author">G.H. HEWIT OLIPHANT.</p> +<p>April 16. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Christ's Hospital.</i>—In reply to "NEMO" (No. 20. p. +318.), a contemporary of the eminent Blues there enumerated, +informs him, that although he has not a perfect recollection of the +ballads then popular at Christ's Hospital, yet "NEMO" may be +pleased to learn, that on making search at the Society of +Antiquaries for Robin Hood Ballads, he found in a folio volume of +Broadsides, &c., one of the much interest and considerable +length in relation to that school. The Ballad must also be rare, as +it is not among those in the two large volumes which have been for +many years in the British Museum, nor is it in the three volumes of +Roxburgh Ballads recently purchased for that noble library.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page422" id= +"page422"></a>{422}</span> +<p>The undersigned believes that the only survivor of the scholars +at Christ's Hospital mentioned by "NEMO," is the Rev. Charles +Valentine Le Grice, now residing at Trerieffe, near Penzance.</p> +<p class="author">J.M.G.</p> +<p>Worcester, March 22. 1850.</p> +<p class="note">[We are happy to say that one other, at least, of +the Christ Hospital worthies enumerated by "NEMO" still +survives—Mr. Leigh Hunt, whose kindly criticism and real +poetic feeling have enriched our literature with so many volumes of +pleasant reading, and won for him the esteem of a large circle of +admirers.]</p> +<p><i>Tickhill, God help me!</i> (No. 16. p. 247.).—"H.C. ST. +CROIX" informs us that a similar expression is in use in +Lincolnshire. Near to the town of "merry Lincoln" is a large heath +celebrated for its cherries. If a person meets one of the +cherry-growers on his way to market, and asks him where he comes +from, the answer will be, if the season is favourable, "From +Lincoln Heath, where should 'un?" but if, on the contrary, there is +a scarcity of cherries, the reply will be, "From Lincoln Heath, God +help 'un."</p> +<p>"DISS" informs us, too, that this saying is not confined to +Tickhill, Melverly, or Pershore, but is also current at Letton, on +the banks of the Wye, between Hereford and Hay. And "H.C.P." says +the same story is told of the inhabitants of Tadley, in the north +of Hampshire, on the borders of Berkshire.</p> +<p><i>Robert Long</i> (No. 24. p. 382.).—Rear-Admiral Robert +Long died 4th <i>July</i>, 1771, having been superannuated on the +half-pay of rear-admiral some time before his death. His seniority +in the navy was dated from 21st March, 1726, and he was posted in +the Shoreham. He never was <i>Sir</i> Robert. An account of the +charity he founded may be seen in the <i>Commissioners' Reports on +Charities</i>, vol. iii. iv. vi.</p> +<p class="author">G.</p> +<p><i>Transposition of Letters</i> (No. 19. p. +298.).—Instances of shortened names of places. Bensington, +Oxfordshire, now called Benson; Stadhampton, Oxfordshire, now +called Stadham; and in Suffolk the following changes have taken +place; Thelnetham is called Feltam; Hoxney, Oxen.</p> +<p class="author">C.I.R.</p> +<p><i>The Complaynt of Scotland</i>.—I believe there has not +been discovered recently any fact relative to the authorship of +above-mentioned poem, and that the author is,</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Sir David Lyndsay of the Mount,</p> +<p>Lord Lyon King-at-Arms."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">W.B.</p> +<p><i>Note Books</i> (No. 3. p. 43., and No. 7. p. 104.)—I +beg to state my own mode, than which I know of none better. I have +<i>several</i> books, viz., for History, Topography, Personal and +Family History, Ecclesiastical Affairs, Heraldry, Adversaria. At +the end of each volume is an alphabet, with six columns, one for +each vowel; in one or other of which the word is entered according +to the vowel which first appears in it, with a reference to the +page. Thus, <i>bray</i> would come under B.a; <i>church</i> under +C.u.; and so forth.</p> +<p class="author">S.S.S.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MISCELLANIES.</h3> +<p><i>MSS. of Casaubon.</i>—There is a short statement +respecting certain MSS., now existing, of the great critic +Casaubon, in a recent volume of the Parker Society—Whitaker's +<i>Disputation on Holy Scripture</i>, edited and translated by +Professor Fitzgerald, Professor of Moral Philosophy, Dublin, which +I conceive is one of those facts which might be of service at some +future time to scholars, from having been recorded in your +columns:—</p> +<p>Whitaker having observed—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"One Herman, a most impudent papist, affirms that the scriptures +are of no more avail than Aesop's fables, apart from the testimony +of the church."—(Parker Soc. transl., p. 276.)</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Professor Fitzgerald appends the following "note:"—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Casaubon, Exercit. Baron. I. xxxiii. had, but doubtfully, +attributed this to Pighius; but in a MS. note preserved in Primate +Marsh's library, at St. Sepulchre's, Dublin, he corrects himself +thus: 'Non est hic, sed quidam Hermannus, ait Wittakerus in +Præfat. Controvers. I. Quæst. S. p. 314.' If a new +edition of those Exercitations be ever printed, let not these MSS. +of that great man, which, with many other valuable records, we owe +to the diligence of Stillingfleet and the munificence of Marsh, be +forgotten."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">T.</p> +<p>Bath</p> +<hr /> +<h3>ON A VERY TALL BARRISTER NAMED "LONG."</h3> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Longi longorum longissime, Longe, virorum,</p> +<p>Dic mihi, te quæso, num <i>Breve</i> quicquid habes?</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">W.(1.)</p> +<hr /> +<h3>"NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR."</h3> +<p><i>On a very bad book: from the Latin of Melancthon</i>.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>A thousand blots would never cure this stuff;</p> +<p>One might, I own, if it were large enough.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">RUFUS.</p> +<hr /> +<p><i>Close Translation.</i>—The following is a remarkable +instance; for it is impossible to say which is the original and +which the translation, they are so nearly equivalent:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Boys and girls, come out to play;</p> +<p>The moon doth shine as bright as day;</p> +<p>Come with a whoop, come with a call,</p> +<p>Come with a good will, or come not at all."</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page423" id= +"page423"></a>{423}</span></div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Garçons et filles, venez toujours;</p> +<p>La lune fait clarté comme le jour;</p> +<p>Venez au bruit d'un joyeux éclat;</p> +<p>Venez de bon coeur, ou ne venez pas."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">W.(1.)</p> +<p><i>St. Antholin's Parish Books.</i>—In common with many of +your antiquarian readers, I look forward with great pleasure to the +selection from the entries in the St. Antholin's Parish Books, +which are kindly promised by their present guardian, and, I may +add, intelligent expositor, "W.C."</p> +<p>St. Antholin's is, on several accounts, one of the most +interesting of our London churches; it was here, Strype tells us +(<i>Annals</i>, I. i. p. 199.), "the new morning prayer," +<i>i.e.</i>, according to the new reformed service-book, first +began in September, 1559, the bell beginning to ring at five, when +a psalm was sung after the Geneva fashion, all the congregation, +men, women, and boys, singing together. It is much to be regretted +that these registers do not extend so far back as this year, as we +might have found in them entries of interest to the Church +historian; but as "W.C." tells us the volumes are kept regularly up +to the year 1708, I cannot but hope he may be able to produce some +notices of what Mr. P. Cunningham calls, "the Puritanical fervour" +of this little parish. "St. Antling's bell," and "St. Antling's +preachers," were proverbial for shrillness and prolixity, and the +name is a familiar one to the students of our old dramatists. Let +"W.C." bear in mind, that the chaplains of the Commissioners of the +Church of Scotland, with Alexander Henderson at their head, +preached here in 1640, commanding crowded audiences, and that a +passage was formed from the house where they lodged into a gallery +of this church; and that the pulpit of St. Antholin's seems, for +many years, to have been the focus of schism, faction, and +sedition, and he may be able to bring forward from these happily +preserved registers much interesting and valuable information.</p> +<p class="author">D.S.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>MISCELLANEOUS.</h2> +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, &C.</h3> +<p>No one can have visited Edinburgh, and gazed upon</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i10">"The height</p> +<p>Where the huge Castle holds its state,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>without having felt a strong desire to learn the history of that +venerable pile, and the stirring tales which its grey walls could +tell. What so many must have wished done, has at length been +accomplished by Mr. James Grant, the biographer of Kirkaldy of +Grange, the gallant governor of that castle, who was so +treacherously executed by the Regent Morton. His work, just +published under the title of <i>Memorials of the Castle of +Edinburgh</i>, contains its varied history, ably and pleasantly +narrated, and intermixed with so much illustrative anecdote as to +render it an indispensable companion to all who may hereafter visit +one of the most interesting, as well as most remarkable monuments +of the metropolis of Scotland.</p> +<p>The lovers of fine engravings and exquisite drawings will have a +rare opportunity of enriching their portfolios in the course of the +next and following week, as Messrs. Leigh Sotheby and Co., of +Wellington Street, commence on Monday a nine days' sale of a +magnificent collection of engravings, of the highest quality, of +the ancient and modern Italian, German, Dutch, Flemish, French, and +English schools, which comprises some superb drawings of the most +celebrated masters of the different schools of Europe.</p> +<p>We have received the following Catalogues:—Bernard +Quaritch's (16. Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue of +Oriental and Foreign Books, comprising most Languages and Dialects +of the Globe; and John Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue, +Number Four for 1850, of Books, Old and New.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> +<h4>Odd Volumes.</h4> +<p>CREVIER—HISTORY OF THE ROMAN EMPERORS, 8vo. London, J. and +P. Knapton, 1744, Vols. I. and II.</p> +<p>Plate 2, to the 11th chapter of Vol. III of STUART'S ATHENS. +JOURNALS OF THE HOUSE OF LORDS, from 1660 to 1688.</p> +<p>Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage +free</i>, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," +186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h3> +<p><i>As we have been again compelled to omit many articles which +we are anxious to insert, we shall next week give an enlarged +Number of 24 pages, instead of 16, so as to clear off our +arrears.</i></p> +<p>Arnot's Physics. <i>A copy of this work has been reported to Mr. +Bell: will our correspondent who wishes for it forward his name and +address?</i></p> +<hr class="adverts" /> +<p>PUBLIC RECORDS</p> +<p>MONUMENTA HISTORICA BRITANNICA.</p> +<p>Just published, folio, 5 guineas half-bound (printed by Her +Majesty's command).</p> +<p>MATERIALS for the HISTORY of BRITAIN, from the earliest period. +Vol. I, extending to the Norman Conquest. "Sir Robert Inglis +remarked, that this work had been pronounced, by one of our most +competent collegiate authorities, to be the finest work published +in Europe."—<i>Proceedings in Parliament</i>, March 11. +1850.</p> +<p>HENRY BUTTERWORTH, Publisher to the Public Record Department, 7. +Fleet Street.</p> +<p>Of whom may be had, 8vo., sewed. A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of the +RECORD PUBLICATIONS.</p> +<hr /> +<p>SCRIPTURE RULE OF MARRIAGES.</p> +<p>This day is published, in post 8vo., price Twopence; 1<i>s.</i> +6<i>d.</i> per dozen, or 10<i>s.</i> per hundred,</p> +<p>LET US UPHOLD the SCRIPTURE RULE of MARRIAGES: an Earnest +Address to Englishmen. By the Rev. ABNER W. BROWN, M.A. London; +SAMPSON LOW, 169. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page424" id= +"page424"></a>{424}</span> +<p>Preparing for Publication, With the Sanction of the Society of +Arts, and the Committee of the Ancient and Mediæval +Exhibition,</p> +<p>A Description of the Works of Ancient and Mediæval Art</p> +<p>Collected at the Society of Arts in 1850; with Historical +Introductions on the various Arts, and Notices of the Artists.</p> +<p>By AUGUSTUS W. FRANKS, Honorary Secretary.</p> +<p>The Work will be handsomely printed in super-royal 8vo., and +will be amply illustrated with Wood Engravings by P.H. DE LA +MOTTE.</p> +<p>GEORGE BELL, 186. FLEET STREET.</p> +<hr /> +<p>THE CAMDEN SOCIETY, for the Publication of Early Historical and +Literary Remains.—The ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING will be held at +the Freemason's Tavern, Great Queen Street, on Thursday next, the +2nd of May, at FOUR o'clock, precisely.</p> +<p>THE LORD BRAYBROOKE, the President, in the Chair.</p> +<p>WILLIAM J. THOMS, Secretary.</p> +<p>The following are the Publications of the Society for the year +1849-50:—</p> +<p>I. Inedited Letters of Queen Elizabeth, addressed to King James +VI. of Scotland, between the years 1581 and 1594. From the +Originals in the possession of the Rev. Edward Ryder, of Oaksey, +Wilts. Edited by JOHN BRUCE, Esq. Treas. S.A.</p> +<p>II. Chronicon Petroburgense. Nunc primum typis mandatum, curante +THOMA STAPLETON.</p> +<p>III. The Chronicle of Queen Jane, and of Two years of Queen +Mary, and especially of the Rebellion of Sir Thomas Wyatt, written +by a Resident in the Tower of London. Edited, with illustrative +Documents and Notes, by JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, Esq. F.S.A.</p> +<p>The Subscription to the Society is 1<i>l.</i> per annum. +Communications from Gentlemen desirous of becoming Members may be +addressed to the Secretary; or to Messrs. Nichols, No. 25. +Parliament Street, Westminster.</p> +<hr /> +<p>On the 1st of MAY next, 1850, will be published, price +2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>PART I. of</p> +<p>HISTORIC RELIQUES;</p> +<p>A Series of Representations of</p> +<p>ARMS, JEWELLERY, GOLD AND SILVER PLATE, FURNITURE, ARMOUR, +&c.,</p> +<p>In Royal and Noble Collections, Colleges, and Public +Institutions, &c., and which</p> +<p>FORMERLY BELONGED TO INDIVIDUALS EMINENT IN HISTORY.</p> +<p>DRAWN FROM THE ORIGINALS AND ETCHED</p> +<p>BY JOSEPH LIONEL WILLIAMS.</p> +<p>PART I. will contain—</p> +<p>Andiron, William III., at Windsor Castle. Candelabrum, Charles +I., St. Baron, Ghent. Silver-gilt Cup, Margaret Beaufort, Christ's +College, Cambridge.</p> +<p>To be completed in Ten Parts, price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> +each.</p> +<p>Large paper copies, 5<i>s.</i></p> +<p>Office 198. Strand, London.</p> +<hr /> +<p>A second and Cheaper Edition of</p> +<p>A DICTIONARY of ARCHAIC and PROVINCIAL WORDS, Obsolete Phrases, +Proverbs, and Ancient Customs. From the Reign of Edward I. By JAMES +ORCHARD HALLIWELL, F.R.S. F.S.A. &c. 2 vols, 8vo., containing +upwards of 1000 pages, closely printed in double columns, +1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i> cloth.</p> +<p>It contains above 50,000 Words (embodying all the known +scattered glossaries of the English Language), forming a complete +key to the reader of the works of our old Poets, Dramatists, +Theologians, and other authors whose works abound with allusions, +of which explanations are not to be found in ordinary dictionaries +and books of reference. Most of the principal Archaisms are +illustrated by examples selected from early inedited MSS. and rare +books, and by far the greater portion will be found to be original +authorities.</p> +<p>J.R. SMITH, 4. Old Compton Street, Soho, London.</p> +<hr /> +<p>ON THE LOVE OF BOOKS IN DARK AGES.</p> +<p>8vo. cloth, 5<i>s.</i></p> +<p>BIBLIOMANA in the MIDDLE AGES.</p> +<p>BY F. MERRYWEATHER.</p> +<p>"Whoever has the real Mr. Merryweather's spirit will be in love +with him before they reach the end of this volume. The author is +full of pleasant enthusiasm, and has given us a volume of very +curious facts."—<i>Eclectic Review.</i></p> +<p>SIMPKIN and CO.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Magnificent Collection of Engravings, the Property of a +distinguished Amateur.—Nine Days' Sale.</p> +<p>MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY and Co., Auctioneers of Literary +Property and Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by +AUCTION, at their House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on MONDAY, +April 29, and eight following days (Sunday excepted), at One +precisely each day the magnificent Collection of ENGRAVINGS, the +property of a distinguished Amateur comprising the Works of the +most eminent Engravers of the ancient and modern Italian, German, +Dutch, Flemish, French, and English Schools, the whole being of the +very highest quality, both as to impression and condition; together +with some superb Drawings by the most celebrated Masters of the +different Schools of Europe.</p> +<p>May be viewed four days prior to the sale. Catalogues are now +ready, and will be forwarded on application.</p> +<hr /> +<p>The beautiful Collection of Modern Drawings of a distinguished +Amateur.</p> +<p>MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY and Co., Auctioneers of Literary +Property and Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by +AUCTION, at their House, Wellington Street, Strand, on THURSDAY, +May 9, a small but very choice Collection of DRAWINGS, chiefly in +Water Colours, by the most eminent modern Artists, and containing +exquisite specimens of the works of</p> +<p>Gainsborough<br /> +J.W.M. Turner, R.A.<br /> +Sir D. Wilkie, R.A.<br /> +Wilson<br /> +C. Stanfield, R.A.<br /> +Sir A. Callcott, R.A.<br /> +Watteau<br /> +Cattermole<br /> +De Wint<br /> +Zuccherelli<br /> +D. Cox<br /> +Van Os<br /> +Sir T. Lawrence<br /> +Chambers<br /> +Shelfhout<br /> +Bonnington<br /> +Muller<br /> +Hildebrandt<br /> +Stothard</p> +<p>and many others of equal celebrity. They are the property of the +same distinguished amateur by whom the superb collection of prints +advertised above was formed, and have been selected with the most +perfect taste and judgment.</p> +<p>May be viewed four days prior to the sale. Catalogues are now +ready, and will be forwarded on application.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Six Days' Sale of the Third Portion of the valuable Stock of +Prints of Messrs. W. and G. Smith, the eminent Printsellers of +Lisle Street.</p> +<p>MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY and Co., Auctioneers of Literary +Property and Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by +AUCTION, at their House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on MONDAY, +May 13, and five following days, at One precisely each day, the +third portion of the important and valuable Stock of PRINTS, the +property of Messrs. W. and G. Smith, the long-established, +well-known, and eminent Printsellers, of Lisle Street, Leicester +Square, who have retired from business; comprising some of the +works of the most eminent Engravers of the early Italian, German, +Dutch, Flemish, French, and English Schools, including the +matchless assemblage of the Works of the Masters of the School of +Fontainbleau, formerly in Count Fries' collection; Engravers' +Proofs of Book Plates, &c., generally of the very highest +quality, both as to impression and condition; together with a very +few fine Drawings by ancient and modern masters.</p> +<p>May be viewed four days before the sale, and Catalogues had at +the place of sale.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at +No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City +of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, +in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, +Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, +April 27. 1850.</p> +<hr class="full" /> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 26. Saturday, +April 27, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 26. *** + +***** This file should be named 13822-h.htm or 13822-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/8/2/13822/ + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team, and The Internet Library of Early Journals, + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 26. Saturday, April 27, 1850 + A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. + + +Author: Various + +Release Date: October 21, 2004 [EBook #13822] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 26. *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team, and The Internet Library of Early Journals, + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 26.] SATURDAY, APRIL 27, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * {409} + + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- + Nicholas Breton, by the Rev. T. Corser. 409 + Notes upon Cunningham's London, by E.F. Rimbault, + LL.D. 410 + Notes on the Dodo, by H.E. Strickland. 410 + Derivation of "Sterling" and "Penny." 411 + Hanno's Periplus, by S.W. Singer. 412 + Folk Lore:--Cook-eels--Divination by Bible and Key--Weather + Proverb. 412 + Bibliographical Notes, by E.F. Rimbault, LL.D. 413 + Pope, Petronius, and his Translators, by A. Rich, Jun. 414 + +QUERIES:-- + When were Umbrellas introduced into England? by + E.F. Rimbault, LL.D. 414 + Minor Queries:--Duke of Marlborough--"M. or N."--Song + of the Bees--William Godwin--Regimental + Badges--Mother of Thomas a Becket--Swords worn + in public--Emblem and National Motto of Ireland--Latin + Distich--Verbum Graecum--Pope Felix--"Where England's + Monarch." 415 + +REPLIES:-- + Gray's Alcaic Ode. 416 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Chapels--Beaver--Poins + and Bardolph--God tempers the Wind--Sterne's + Koran--Lollius--Bishop Ryder--Brown Study--Seven + Champions--Tempora mutantur, &c.--Vox Populi Vox + Dei--Cuckoo--Ancient Tiles--Daysman--Safeguard--Finkel--Gourders + of Rain--Urbanus Regius--Horns--_The_ or _A_ Temple--Ecclestiastical + Year--Paying through the Nose--Quem Deus--Shrew--Zenobia--Cromwell's + Estates--Vox et praeterea Nihil--Law of Horses--Christ's + Hospital--Tickhill, God help me! 417 + +MISCELLANIES:-- + MSS. of Casaubon--Latin Epigram--"Nec pluribus + impar"--Close Translation--St. Antholin's Parish + Books. 422 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 423 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted. 423 + Notices to Correspondents. 423 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES + +NICHOLAS BRETON. + +Like Mr. COLLIER (No. 23. p. 364.), I have for many years felt "a +peculiar interest about Nicholas Breton," and an anxious desire to learn +something more of him, not only from being a sincere lover of many of +his beautiful lyrical and pastoral poems, as exhibited in _England's +Helicon_, _Davison's Poetical Rhapsodie_, and other numerous works of +his own, and from possessing several pieces of his which are not +generally known, but also from my intimate connection with the parish in +which he is supposed to have lived and died. From this latter +circumstance, especially, I had been most anxious to connect his name +with Norton, and have frequently cast a reverential and thoughtful eye +on the simple monument which has been supposed to record his name; +hoping, yet not without doubts, that some evidence would still be found +which would prove it to be really that of the poet. It was therefore +with the utmost pleasure that I read Mr. Collier's concluding paragraph, +that he is "in possession of undoubted proof that he was the Nicholas +Breton whose epitaph is on the chancel-wall of the church of Norton in +Northamptonshire." + +It seems strange that, notwithstanding the number and variety of his +writings, the length of time he was before the public, and the +estimation in which he was held by his contemporaries, so little should +be known concerning Breton, and the circumstances of his life be still +involved in such great obscurity. In looking over his various +publications, it is remarkable how little is to be gleaned in the +preliminary prefixes which relate to his own personal history, and how +very rarely he touches on any thing referring to himself. There is a +plaintive and melancholy strain running through many of his works, and I +am inclined to the opinion entertained by Sir Egerton Bridges and +others, that cares, and misfortunes, and continued disappointments had +brought on melancholy and despair, and that the plaintive and touching +nature of his writings were occasioned by real sorrows and sufferings. +This seems at variance with his being the purchaser of the manor and +lordship of Norton, and in the possession and enjoyment of this world's +goods. Thus in his _Auspicante Jehova Maries Exercise_, 8vo. 1597, one +of the rarest of his works, in the dedication to Mary, Countess of +Pembroke, speaking of his temporal condition, he remarks, "I have soncke +my fortune in the worlde, hauing only the light of vertue to leade my +hope unto Heauen:" and signs himself "Your La. sometime unworthy Poet, +and now, and ever poore Beadman, Nich. Breton." And the "Address" after +it is signed, "Your poore friend or servant N.B." I am aware that these +phrases are sometimes used in a figurative sense, but am disposed to +think that here they are intended for something real. And I am at a loss +how to reconcile these expressions of poverty with his being the +purchaser and enjoyer of such an estate. I shall wait, therefore, with +considerable anxiety till it may suit the pleasure or convenience {410} +of Mr. Collier to communicate to the world the proofs he has obtained of +the poet's identification with the Norton monument. I would, however, +further add, that so late as 1606, the Dedication to _the Praise of +Vertuous Ladies_ is dated "From my Chamber in the Blacke-Fryers," and +that not one of his later productions is dated from Norton, which +probably would have been the case had he been resident there. + +I regret that I am unable to afford Mr. Collier any information +respecting the "Crossing of Proverbs," beyond the fact of the late Mr. +Rodd being the purchaser of Mr. Heber's fragment, but whether on +commission or not, I cannot say, nor where it now is. The same kind of +proverbs are given in _Wit's Private Wealth_, 1603, and in some other of +his works. + +Nicholas Breton, besides being a pleasing and polished writer of lyric +and pastoral poetry, appears to have been a close and attentive observer +of nature and manners,--abounding in wit and humour,--and a pious and +religious man. He was also a soldier, a good fisherman, and a warm +admirer of Queen Elizabeth, of whom he gives a beautiful character in +"_A Dialogue full of pithe and pleasure, upon the Dignitie or Indignitie +of Man_," 4to., 1603, on the reverse of Sig. c. iii. + +As it is sometimes desirable to know where copies of the rarer +productions of a writer are to be met with, I may state, that among some +five or six-and-twenty of this author's pieces, besides the _Auspicante +Jehova Maries Exercise_, 8vo. 1597, already mentioned, of which I know +of no other copy than my own, I possess also the only one of _A small +handfull of Fragrant Flowers_, 8vo. 1575, and _A Floorish upon Fancie_, +4to. 1582, both reprinted in the Heliconia; _Marie Magdalen's Loue_, +with _A Solemne Passion of the Soules Loue_, 8vo. 1595, the first part +in prose, the latter in six-line stanzas, and very rare; _Fantastics: +seruing for a Perpetual Prognostication_, 4to. 1626; and _Wit's +Trenchmour, In a conference had betwixt a Scholler and an Angler. +Written by Nich. Breton, Gentleman_, 4to. bl. lett. 1597, the only copy +known and not included in Lowndes's list, which, from the style of its +composition and the similarity of some of the remarks, is supposed to +have been the original work from which Izaac Walton first took the idea +of his _Complete Angler_. + +THOMAS CORSER. +Stand Rectory, April 16. 1850. + + * * * * * + +NOTES UPON CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK FOR LONDON. + +_Baldwin's Gardens._--A passage upon the east side of Gray's Inn Lane, +leading into Leather Lane. Tom Brown dates some introductory verses, +prefixed to Playford's _Pleasant Musical Companion_, 1698, "from Mr. +Steward's, at the Hole-in-the-Wall, in _Baldwin's Gardens_." There is +extant a single sheet with an engraved head, published by J. Applebee, +1707, and called,-- + + "The English and French Prophets mad, or bewitcht, at their + assemblies in _Baldwin's Gardens_." + +A Letter of Anthony Wood's, in the writer's collection, is thus +addressed:-- + + "For John Aubrey, Esq. To be left at Mr. Caley's house, in + _Baldwin's Gardens_, neare Gray's Inne Lane, London." + +_The White Hart, Bishopsgate Street._--A tavern said to be of very +ancient date. In front of the present building, the writer of the +present notice observed (in 1838) the date cut in stone, 1480. + +_The Nag's Head, Cheapside._--A view of this tavern is preserved in a +print of the entry of Mary de Medici, when she paid a visit to her +son-in-law and daughter, the unfortunate Charles I. and his queen. + +_St. Paul's Alley._-- + + "Whereas, the yearly meeting of the name of Adam hath of late, + through the deficiency of the last stewards, been neglected, + these are to give notice to all gentlemen, and others that are + of that name, that, at William Adams', commonly called 'The + Northern Alehouse,' in _St. Paul's Alley_, in St. Paul's Church + Yard, there will be a weekly meeting, every Monday night, of our + namesakes, between the hours of 6 and 8 of the clock in the + evening, in order to choose stewards to revive our antient and + annual feast."--_Domestic Intelligence_, 1681. + +_St. Paul's Churchyard._-- + + "In St. Paul's Church Yard were formerly many shops where music + and musical instruments were sold, for which, at this time, no + better reason can be given than that the service at that + Cathedral drew together, twice a day, all the lovers of music in + London; not to mention that the chairmen were wont to assemble + there, where they were met by their friends and acquaintance."-- + _Sir John Hawkins' History of Music_, vol. v. p. 108. + +_The French Change, Soho._--A place so called in the reign of Queen +Anne. Gough, in a MS. note, now before us, thought it stood on the site +of the present bazaar. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +NOTES ON THE DODO. + +I have to thank "Mr. S.W. SINGER" (No. 22. p. 353.) for giving some +interesting replies to my "Dodo Queries" (No. 17. p. 261.). I trust that +Mr. S. will be induced to pursue the inquiry further, and especially to +seek for some _Portuguese_ account of the Mascarene Islands, prior to +the Dutch expedition of 1598. I am now able to state that the supposed +proof of the discovery of Bourbon by the Portuguese in 1545, on the +authority of a stone pillar, the figure of which Leguat has copied {411} +from Du Qesne, who copied it from Flacourt, turns out to be inaccurate. +On referring to Flacourt's _Histoire de la Grande Isle Madagascar_, +4to., Paris, 1658, p. 344, where the original figure of this monument is +given, I find that the stone was not found in Bourbon at all, but in +"l'Islet des Portugais," a small island at the mouth of the river +Fanshere (see Flacourt, p. 32.), near the S.E. extremity of Madagascar. +From this place Flacourt removed it to the neighbouring settlement of +Fort Dauphin in 1653, and engraved the arms of France on the opposite +side to those of Portugal. We are therefore still without any historical +record of the first discovery of Bourbon and Mauritius, though, from the +unanimous consent of later compilers, we may fairly presume that the +Portuguese were the discoverers. + +The references which Mr. Singer has given to two works which mention the +_Oiseau bleu_ of Bourbon, are very important, as the only other known +authority for this extinct bird is the MS. Journal of Sieur D.B., which +thus receives full confirmation. May I ask Mr. Singer whether either of +these writers mentions the _Solitaire_ as inhabiting Bourbon? + +The "Oiseaux appelez _Flamands_" quoted by Mr. S., are merely +_Flamingos_, and are devoid of interest as regards the present question. + +The history of the Dodo's head at Copenhagen, referred to by Mr. Singer, +is fully recorded in the _Dodo and its Kindred_, pp. 25. 33. + +The name _Dodo_ seems to have been first applied to the bird by Sir +Thomas Herbert, in 1634, who adds, in his edition of 1638, "a Portuguese +name it is, and has reference to her simpleness." Before that time the +Dutch were in the habit of calling it _Dodars_, _Dodaers_, _Toters_, and +_Dronte_. I had already made the same guesses at the etymology of these +words as those which Mr. Singer has suggested, but not feeling fully +satisfied with them, I put forth my Query VII. for the chance of +obtaining some further elucidation. + +Mr. Singer's reasonings on the improbability of Tradescant's specimen of +the Dodo having been a fabrication are superfluous, seeing that the head +and foot of this individual are, as is well known, still in existence, +and form the subjects of six plates in the _Dodo and its Kindred_. + +In regard to my Query IX. as to the local habitation of the family of +_Dronte_, who bore a Dodo on their shield, it has been suggested to me +by the Rev. Richard Hooper (who first drew my attention to this armorial +bearing), that the family was probably foreign to Britain. It appears +that there was a family named _Dodo_, in Friesland, a member of which +(Augustin Dodo, deceased in 1501) was the first editor of St. +Augustine's works. Mr. Hooper suggests that possibly this family may +have subsequently adopted the Dodo as their arms, and that Randle Holme +may, by a natural mistake, have changed the name of the family, in his +_Academy of Armory_, from _Dodo_ to the synonymous word _Dronte_. Can +none of your genealogical readers clear up this point? + +H.E. Strickland. + + * * * * * + +DERIVATION OF "STERLING" AND "PENNY". + +Your correspondent suggests (No. 24. p. 384.) an ingenious derivation +for the word _Sterling_; but one which perhaps he has been too ready to +adopt, inasmuch as it helped his other derivation of _peny_, from +_pecunia_ or _pecus_. I quote the following from _A short Treatise +touching Sheriff's Accompts_, by Sir Matthew Hale: London, 1683: + + "Concerning the second, _viz._ the matter or species whereof the + current coin of this kingdom hath been made, it is gold or + silver, but not altogether pure, but with an allay of copper, at + least from the time of King H. I. and H. II., though possibly in + ancienter times the species whereof the coin was made might be + pure gold or silver; and this allay was that which gave the + denomination of Sterling to that coin, _viz._ Sterling Gold, or + Sterling Silver. Wherein there will be inquirable, + + "1. Whence that denomination came? + + "2. How ancient that denomination was? + + "3. What was the allay that gave silver that denomination? + + "For the former of these there are various conjectures, and + nothing of certainty. + + "_Spelman_ supposeth it to take that denomination from the + Esterlings, who, as he supposeth, came over and reformed our + coin to that allay. Of this opinion was _Camden. A Germanis, + quos Angli_ Esterlings, _aborientali situ, vocarunt, facta est + appellatio; quos_ Johannes _Rex, ad argentum in suam puritatem + redigendam, primus evocavit; et ejus modi nummi_ Esterlingi, _in + antiquis scripturis semper reperiuntur_. Some suppose that it + might be taken up from the _Starre Judaeorum_, who, being the + great brokers for money, accepted and allowed money of that + allay for current payment of their stars or obligations; others + from the impression of a starling, or an asterisk upon the coin. + _Pur ceo que le form d'un Stare, dont le diminutive est + Sterling, fuit impressit on stamp sur ceo. Auters pur ceo que le + primer de cest Standard fuit coyn en le Castle de Sterlin in_ + Scotland _pur le Roy_ Edw. I. And possibly as the proper name of + the fourth part of a Peny was called a Farthing, ordinarily a + Ferling; so in truth the proper name of a Peny in those times + was called a Sterling, without any other reason of it than the + use of the times and arbitrary imposition, as other names + usually grow. For the old Act of 51 H. III., called _Compositio + Mensurarum_, tells us that _Denarius Anglice Sterlingus + dicitur_; and because this was the root of the measure, + especially of Silver Coin, therefore all our Coin of the same + allay was also called Sterling, as five Shillings Sterling, five + Pounds Sterling. + + "When this name of Sterling came first in is uncertain, only we + are certain it was a denomination in use in the time of H. III. + or Ed. I. and after ages. But it was not in use at the time of + the compiling of {412} Doomsday, for if it were we should have + found it there where there is so great occasion of mention of + Firmes, Rents, and Payments. Hovended in _Rich. I fol. 377. b._ + Nummus _a_ Numa, _que fuit le primer Roy que fesoit moneies en_ + Rome. _Issint Sterlings, alias Esterlings, queux primes fesoient + le money de cest Standard en_ Engleterre."--_Sheriffs' + Accompts_, p. 5-9. + +So much for the derivation of _Sterling_, which evidently applied +originally to the metal rather than to a coin. May I be allowed to +hazard a suggestion as to the origin of _peny_, its synonym? They were +each equivalent to the Denarius. + + "_Denarius Angliae, qui nominatur Sterlingus, rotundus sine + tonsura, ponderabit 32 grana in medio spicae. Sterlingus et + Denarius sont tout un. Le Shilling consistoit de 12 sterlings. + Le substance de cest denier ou sterling peny al primes fuit + vicessima pars unicae._"--_Indentures of the Mint_, Ed. I and VI. + +May we not derive it from Denarius by means of either a typographical or +clerical error in the initial letter. This would at once give a new +name--the very thing they were in want of--and we may very easily +understand its being shortened into Penny. + +G. +Milford, April 15. + + * * * * * + +HANNO'S PERIPLUS. + +"Mr. Hampson" has served the cause of truth in defending Hanno and the +Carthaginians from the charge of cruelty, brought against them by Mr. +Attorney-General Bannister. A very slender investigation of the bearings +of the narration would have prevented it. I know not how Dr. Falconer +deals with it, not having his little volume at hand; but in so common a +book as the _History of Maritime Discovery_, which forms part of +Lardner's _Cabinet Cyclopaedia_, it is stated that these _Gorillae_ were +probably some species of _ourang-outang_. Purchas says they might be the +_baboons_ or _Pongos_ of those parts. + +The amusing, and always interesting, Italian, Hakluyt, in the middle of +the sixteenth century, gives a very good version of the [Greek: ANNONOS +PERIPLOUS], with a preliminary discourse, which would also have +undeceived Mr. Bannister, had he been acquainted with it, and prevented +Mr. Hampson's pleasant exposure of his error. + +Ramusio says, "Seeing that in the Voyage of Hanno there are many parts +worthy of considerate attention, I have judged that it would be highly +gratifying to the studious if I were here to write down a few extracts +from certain memoranda which I formerly noted on hearing a respectable +Portugese pilot, in frequent conversations with the Count Raimondo della +Torre, at Venice, illustrate this Voyage of Hanno, when read to him, +from his own experience." There are, of course, some erroneous notions +in the information of the pilot, and in the deductions made from it by +Ramusio; but the former had the sagacity to see the truth respecting +this _Gorgon Island full of hairy men and women_. I will not spoil the +_naivete_ of the narration by attempting a translation; merely premising +that he judged the Island to be that of Fernando Po. + + "E tutta la descrittione de questo Capitano era simile a quella + per alcun Scrittore Greci, quale parlande dell' isola delle + Gorgone, dicono quella esser un isola in mezzo d'una palude. E + conciacosa che havea inteso che li poeti dicevan le Gorgone + esser femine terribili, pero scrisse che le erano pelose.... Ma + a detto pilotto pareva piu verisimile di pensare, che havendo + Hannone inteso ne'i libri de' poeti come Perseo era stato per + aere a questa isola, e di quivi reportata la testa di Medusa, + essendo egli ambitioso di far creder al mondo che lui vi fasse + audato per mare; e dar riputation a questo suo viaggio, di esser + penetrato fuio dove era stato Perseo; volesse portar due pelli + di Gorgone, e dedicarla nel tempio di Ginnone. Il che li fu + facil cosa da fare, conciosia cosa che IN TUTTA QUELLA COSTA SI + TRUOVINO INFINITE DI QUELLE SIMIE GRANDE, CHE FARENO PERSONE + HUMANE, DELLE BABUINE, le pelle delle quali poteva far egli + credere ad ogniuno che fussero state di femine." + +Gopelin, also, in his _Recherches sur la Geographie des Anciens_, +speaking of this part of Hanno's voyage, says: + + "Hanno encountered a troop of _Ourang-outangs_, which he took + for savages, because these animals walk erect, often having a + staff in their hands to support themselves, as well as for + attack or defence; and they throw stones when they are pursued. + They are the Satyrs and the Argipani with which Pliny says Atlas + was peopled. It would be useless to say more on this subject, as + it is avowed _by all the modern commentators of the Periplus_." + +The relation we have is evidently only an abridgment or summary made by +some Greek, studious of Carthaginian affairs, long subsequent to the +time of Hanno; and judging from a passage in Pliny (I. ii. c. 67.), it +appears that the ancients were acquainted with other extracts from the +original, yet, though its authenticity has been doubted by Strabo and +others, there seems to be little reason to question that it is a correct +_outline_ of the voyage. That the Carthaginians were oppressors of the +people they subjugated may be probable; yet we must not, on such slender +grounds as this narration affords, presume that they would wantonly kill +and flay _human beings_ to possess themselves of their skins! + +S.W. Singer +April 10. 1850. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Cook-eels._--Forby derives this from _coquille_, in allusion to their +being fashioned like an escallop, in which sense he is borne out by +Cotgrave, who has "_Pain coquille_, a fashion of an hard-crusted loafe, +somewhat like our stillyard bunne." I have always taken the word to be +"coquerells," from {413} the vending of such buns at the barbarous sport +of "throwing at the cock" on Shrove Tuesday. The cock is still commonly +called a cockerell in E. Anglia. Perhaps Mr. Wodderspoon will say +whether the buns of the present day are fashioned in any particular +manner, or whether any "the oldest inhabitant" has any recollection of +their being differently fashioned or at all impressed. What, too, are +the "_stillyard buns_" of Cotgrave? Are they tea-cakes? The apartment in +which tea was formerly made was called the _still_-room. + +Buriensis. + + +_Divination by the Bible and Key._--This superstition is very prevalent +amongst the peasantry of this and adjoining parishes. When any article +is suspected to have been stolen, a Bible is procured, and opened at the +1st chap. of Ruth: the stock of a street-door key is then laid on the +16th verse of the above chapter, and the key is secured in this position +by a string, bound tightly round the book. The person who works the +charm then places his two middle fingers under the handle of the key, +and this keeps the Bible suspended. He then repeats in succession the +names of the parties suspected of the theft; repeating at each name a +portion of the verse on which the key is placed, commencing, "Whither +thou goest, I will go," &c. When the name of the guilty is pronounced, +the key turns off the fingers, the Bible falls to the ground, and the +guilt of the party is determined. The belief of some the more ignorant +of the lower orders in this charm is unbounded. I have seen it practiced +in other counties, the key being laid over the 5th verse of the 19th +chap. of Proverbs, instead of the 1st chap. of Ruth. + +David Stevens. +Godalming, April 11. 1850. + + [In Brand's _Popular Antiquities_ (ed. Ellis). vol. iii. 188-9, + it is stated that the key is placed upon the 50th Psalm.] + + +_Weather Proverb._--Weather proverbs are among the most curious portions +of popular literature. That foul or fair weather is betokened according +as the rainbow is seen in the morning or evening, is recorded in the +following German "saw," which is nearly identical with our well-known +English Proverb: + + Regenbogen am Morgen + Macht dem Schaefer sorgen; + Regenbogen am Abend + Ist dem Schaefer labend. + +In Mr. Akerman's recently published volume called _Spring Tide_, a +pleasant intermixture of fly-fishing and philology, we have a Wiltshire +version of this proverb, curious for its old Saxon language and its +comparatively modern allusion to a "great coat" in the third and sixth +lines, which must be interpolations. + + "The Rainbow in th' marnin' + Gies the Shepherd warning' + To car' his girt cwoat on his back + The Rainbow at night + Is the Shepherd's delight, + For then no girt cwoat he lack." + +No one, we believe, has yet remarked the philosophy of this saying; +namely that in the morning the rainbow is seen in the clouds in the +west, the quarter from which we get most rain, and of course, in the +evening, in the opposite quarter of the heavens. + +William J. Thoms. + + * * * * * + +BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. + +1. A pleasant Dialogue between a Soldier of Barwicke and an English +Chaplain; wherein are largely handed such reasons as are brought in for +maintenance of Popish traditions in our English Church. 8vo. _circa_ +1581. + +This work is frequently attributed to Barnaby Rich; but from Bancroft's +_Dangerous Positions_, p. 42, the author is ascertained to have been +Anthony Gilby. + +2. The Trumpet of Fame; or Sir Francis Drake's and Sir John Hawkin's +Farewell: with an encouragement to all Sailors and Souldiers that are +minded to go in this worthie enterprise, &c. 12mo. London, by T. Creede, +1595. + +This poetical tract is of the greatest rarity, and was unknown to Ames, +Herbert, Warton and Ritson. A MS. note, in a contemporary hand, says the +author was one Henry Roberts, whose initials are appended to the work. + +3. The Mastive, or Young Whelpe of the Olde Dogge. Epigrams and Satyrs, +by H.P. 4to. London, by T. Creede, _circa_ 1600. + +As an Epigram in this collection also appears in Henry Peacham's +_Minerva Britanna_, with a slight variation, it is fair to surmise that +he was the author of this very rare volume, in preference to Henry +Parrott. + +4. Pasquil's Jests, mixed with Mother Bunch's Merriments. Whereunto is +added a dozen of Gulles. Pretty and pleasant to drive away the +tediousnesse of a winter's evening. 4to. 1608. + +In the _British Bibliographer_, vol i., may be seen an account of the +edition of 1609, with extracts from it, and a statement that "an earlier +edition is without the Gulls." The present copy (which passed through my +hands some years ago), although earlier, has the Gulls. + +5. Holie Historie of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ's Nativitie, +Life, Actes, Miracles, Doctrine, Death, Passion, Resurrection, and +Ascension. Gathered into English Meeter, and published to withdraw all +vajne wits from all unsaverie and wicked rimes and fables &c. 12mo. +London, by R. Field, 1594. + +Ames and Herbert say this book was written by _Henry_ Holland; but the +author's name {414} was Robert Holland. It is not mentioned by Warton. + +6. News from the Stars; or, Erra Pater's Ghost, by Meriton Latroon. +12mo. 1673. + +"Richard Head, a broken bookseller, and the author of the _English +Rogue_, writ this. He turned Papist, and in his voyage to Spain was +drowned."--_MS. note in a contemporary hand._ + +Edward F. Rimbault. + + * * * * * + +POPE, PETRONIUS, AND HIS TRANSLATORS. + +The vindication of Pope from the charge of borrowing his well-known +sentiment--"_Worth_ makes a man," &c.--from Petronius, is not so +completely made out by "P.C.S.S." as it might be; for surely there is a +sufficient similitude of idea, if not of expression, between the couplet +of Pope and the sentence of Petronius, as given in all four of the +translations cited by him (No. 23. p. 362.)--"The _heart_ makes the +man," &c.--to warrant a notion that the one was suggested by the other. +But the surmise of plagiarism originates in a misconception of the terms +employed by the Latin author--_virtus_, _frugalitas_, and more +especially _corcillum_,--which have been misunderstood by every one of +these translators. _Virtus_ is applied to mental as well as bodily +superiority (_Cic. Fin._ v. 13.).--The sense in which _frugalitas_ is +employed by Petronius may be collected from a preceding passage in the +same chapter, where Trimalchio calls his pet _puerum frugalissimum_--a +very _clever_ lad--as he explains the epithet by adding that "he can +read at sight, repeat from memory, cast up accounts, and turn a penny to +his own profit." _Corcillum_ is a diminutive of _corculum_ (like +_oscillum_, from _osculum_), itself a diminutive of _cor_, which word, +though commonly put for "the heart," is also used by the best authors, +Lucretius, Horace, Terence, &c, in the same sense as our _wit_, +_wisdom_, _intellect_. The entire passage, if correctly translated, +might then be expressed as follows: + + "The time has been, my friends, when I myself was no better off + than you are; but I gained my present position solely by my own + talents (_virtute_). Wit (_corcillum_) makes the man--(or, + literally, It is wisdom that makes men of us)--everything else + is worthless lumber. I buy in the cheapest and sell in the + dearest market. But, as I said before, my own shrewdness + (_frugalitas_) made my fortune. I came from Asia no taller than + that lamp stand; and used to measure my height against it day by + day, and grease my muzzle (_rostrum_) with oil from the lamp to + make a beard come." + +Then follow some additional examples of the youth's sagacity, not +adapted for translation, but equally instances of worldly wisdom. Thus +every one of the actions which Trimalchio enumerated as the causes of +his prosperity are emanations from the _head_, not the _heart_; the +results of a crafty intellect, not of moral feeling; so that the +sentiment he professes, instead of being similar to, is exactly the +reverse of that expressed by Pope. + +This explanation seems so satisfactory that we might be well contented +to rest here. But some MSS. have the reading _coricillum_ instead of +_corcillum_. If that be received as the genuine one, and some editors +prefer it, the interpretation above given will only be slightly +modified, but not destroyed, by the introduction of another image, the +essential point remaining the same. The insertion of a vowel, _i_, +precludes all connection with _cor_ and its diminutives, but suggests a +derivation from [Greek: korukos], dim. [Greek: korukion], a leathern +sack or bag, which, when well stuffed, the Greeks used to suspend in the +gymnasium, like the pendulum of a clock (as may be seem on a fictile +vase), to buffet to and fro with blows of the fist. The stuffed bag will +represent the human head on the end of its trunk; and the word may have +been a slang one of the day, or coined by the Asiatic Trimalchio, whose +general language is filled with provincial patois. The translation would +then be, in the familiar style of the original,--"The _noddle_ makes the +man," &c. + +Anthony Rich, Jun. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +WHEN WERE UMBRELLAS INTRODUCED INTO ENGLAND? + +Thomas Coryat, in his _Crudities_, vol. i. p. 134., gives us a curious +notice of the early use of the umbrella in Italy. Speaking of fans, he +says: + + "These fans are of a mean price, for a man may buy one of the + fairest of them for so much money as countervaileth one English + groat. Also many of them (the Italians) do carry other fine + things of a far greater price, that will cost at the least a + ducat, which they commonly call in the Italian tongue + _umbrellaes_, that is, things that minister shadow unto them for + shelter against the scorching heat of the sun. These are made of + leather, something answerable to the form of a little canopy, + and hooped in the inside with diverse little wooden hoops that + extend the _umbrella_ in a pretty large compass. They are used + especially by horsemen, who carry them in their hands when they + ride, fastening the end of the handle upon one of their thighs: + and they impart so long a shadow unto them, that it keepeth the + heat of the sun from the upper parts of their bodies." + +Lt.-Col. (afterwards Gen.) Wolfe, writing from Paris, in the year 1752, +says: + + "The people here use umbrellas in hot weather to defend them + from the sun, and something of the same kind to secure them from + snow and rain. I wonder a practice so useful is not introduced + in England, (where there are such frequent showers,) and + especially in the country, where they can be expanded without + any inconveniency." {415} + +Query, what is the date of the first introduction of the _umbrella_ into +England? + +Edward F. Rimbault + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Duke of Marlborough._--The Annual Register for the year 1758 (pp. +121-127.) contains an account of the circumstances connected with the +trial of one Barnard, son of a surveyor in Abingdon Buildings, +Westminster, on a charge of sending letters to the Duke of Marlborough, +threatening his life by means "too fatal to be eluded by the power of +physic," unless his grace "procured him a genteel support for his life." +The incidents are truly remarkable, pointing most suspiciously toward +Barnard; but he escaped. Can any of your readers refer me to where I can +find any further account or elucidation of this affair? + +Buriensis. + + +"_M. or N._"--Of what words are "M. or N." the initials? Vide the +answers to be given in the Church Catechism, and some of the occasional +offices in he liturgy. + +J.C. + + [It has been suggested that "M. or N." originated in a + misreading of "NOM," a contraction for "_nomen_." This is + certainly an ingenious explanation, though not a satisfactory + one.] + + +_Song of the Bees._--Who was the author of the lines under this title +beginning, + + "We watch for the light of the moon to break + and colour the grey eastern sky + With its blended hues of saffron and lake," &c. + +I have always understood them to be Dr. Aikin's, but latterly that has +been contradicted. + +Buriensis. + + +_William Godwin._--Can any of your correspondents tell me where I can +find an account of the leading events of the life of William Godwin, +author of _Caleb Williams, St. Leon, Mandeville_ &c., or any reference +to his last hours? His sentiments, political and religious, are said to +have been _peculiar_. + +N. +Woodbridge, April 15. + + +_Regimental Badges._--When were the regimental badges granted to the +first nine infantry corps of the line, and under what circumstances were +they so granted? + +J.C. +London, April 15. 1850. + + +_Mother of Thomas a Becket._--The well-known romantic legend of the +origin of this lady has been introduced into the _Pictorial History of +England_, on the authority of "Brompton in X. Scriptores." And on the +same page (552. vol. i.) is a pictorial representation of the "Baptism +of the Mother of Becket, from the Royal MS. 2 B. vii." + +Now, Lord Campbell, in his _Lives of the Chancellors_, repudiates the +story in toto; but without assigning any other reason for doing so, than +an inference from the silence of Becket himself and his secretary, +Fitzstephen, on the point. + +Can any of the learned gentlemen, whose distinguished names adorn your +valuable pages, direct an humble student to the fountain of truth, for +the settlement of this _verata questio_? + +W. Franks Mathews. +Kidderminster, April 7. 1850. + + +_Swords worn in public._--Can any of your correspondents say when swords +ceased to be worn as an article of ordinary dress, and whether the +practice was abolished by act of parliament, or that they gradually went +out of fashion. + +J.D.A. +April 17. 1850. + + +_Emblem and National Motto of Ireland._--How long has the _harp_ been +the emblem, and _Erin-go-bragh_ the national motto of Ireland? To this I +give another query,--What is the national motto of England? + +E.M.B. + + +_Latin Distich and Translation._--Who were the authors of the following +Latin Distich, and its English translation? + + "Mittitur in disco mihi piscis ab archiepisco-- + --Po non ponatur, quia potus non mihi datur." + "I had sent me a fish in a great dish by the archbish-- + --Hop is not here, for he gave me no beer." + +E.M.B. + + +_Verbum Graecum._--Who was the author of + + "Like the _verbum Graecum_ + Spermagoraiolekitholukanopolides, + Words that should only be said upon holidays, + When one has nothing else to do." + +The _verbum Graecum_ itself is in Aristophanes' _Lysistrata_, 457. + +E.M.B. + + +_Pope Felix._--Who is "Pope Felix," mentioned in AElfric's _Homily on the +Birthday of St. Gregory_? AElfric, in speaking of the ancestors of St. +Gregory, states that "_Felix_ se eawfaesta _papa_ waes his fifta +faeder,"--"Felix the pious pope was his fifth father," (i.e. great +grandfather's grandfather). + +E.M.B. +April 15. 1850. + + +"_Where England's Monarch," and "I'd preach as though._"--Will any of +your subscribers have the kindness to inform me who was the author of +the lines + + "Where England's monarch all uncovered sat + And Bradshaw bullied in a broad-brimm'd hat." + +And also of these, quoted by Henry Martyn as "well-known:" + + "I'd preach as though I ne'er should preach again, + I'd preach as dying unto dying men." + +H.G. +Milford, April 15. 1850. {416} + + +_Latin Epigram._--I should be much obliged to any of your readers who +can inform me who was the author and what is the date of the following +epigram. The peculiarity of it, your readers will observe, consists in +the fact, that while read directly it contains a strong compliment; yet +it is capable of being read backwards, still forming the same +description of verse, but conveying a perfect reverse of the +compliment:-- + + "Laus tua, non tua fraus; virtus non copia rerum, + Scandere te fecit hoc decus eximium, + Pauperibus tua das; nunquam stat janua clausa; + Fundere res quaeris, nec tua multiplicas. + Conditio tua sit stabilis! non tempore parvo + Vivere te faciat hic Deus omnipotens." + +When reversed, it reads thus:-- + + "Omnipotens Deus hic faciat te vivere parvo + Tempore! Non stabilis sit tua conditio. + Multiplicas tua, nec quaeris res fundere; clausa + Janua stat, nunquam das tua pauperibus. + Eximium decus hoc fecit te scandere rerum + Copia, non virtus; fraus tua, non tua laus." + +Any additional information would much oblige. + +O. +April 15. 1850. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES. + +GRAY'S ALCAIC ODE. + +Circumstances enable me to give a reply, which I believe will be found +correct, to the inquiry of "C.B." in p. 382. of your 24th Number, +"Whether Gray's celebrated Latin Ode is actually to be found entered at +the Grande Chartreuse?" The fact is, that the French Revolution--that +whirlwind which swept from the earth all that came within its reach and +seemed elevated enough to offer opposition--spared not the poor monks of +the Chartreuse. A rabble from Grenoble and other places, attacked the +monastery; burnt, plundered, or destroyed their books, papers, and +property, and dispersed the inmates; while the buildings were left +standing, not from motives of respect, but because they would have been +troublesome and laborious to pull down, and were not sufficiently +combustible to burn. + +In travelling on the Continent with a friend, during the summer of 1817, +we made a pilgrimage to the Grande Chartreuse, reaching it from the side +of the Echelles. It was an interesting moment; for at that very time the +scattered remains of the society had collected together, and were just +come again to take possession of and reinhabit their old abode. And +being their _jour de spaciment_, the whole society was before us, as +they returned from their little pilgrimage up the mountain, where they +had been visiting St. Bruno's chapel and spring; and it was impossible +not to think with respect of the self-devotion of these men, who, after +having for many years partaken (in a greater or less degree) of the +habits and comforts of a civilised life, had thus voluntarily withdrawn +themselves once more to their stern yet beautiful solitude (truly, as +Gray calls it, a _locus severus_), there to practise the severities of +their order, without, it may be supposed, any possessions or means, +except what they were themselves enabled to throw into a common stock; +for nearly the whole of their property had been seized by the government +during the Revolution, and was still held by it. + +Our conversation was almost wholly with two of the fathers (they use the +prefix _Dom_), whose names I forget, and have mislaid my memorandum of +them. One of these had been in England, when driven out; and was there +protected by the Weld family in Dorsetshire, of whom he spoke in terms +of sincere gratitude and respect. The other told us that he was a native +of Chambery, and had done no more than cross the mountains to get home. +On asking him for Gray's Ode, he shook his head, saying, the Revolution +had robbed them of that, and every thing else; but repeated the first +line of it, so that there was no mistake as to the object of my inquiry. +From what occurred afterwards, it appears, however, to be questionable +whether he knew more than the first line; for I was informed that later +English travellers had been attempting, from a laudable desire of +diffusing information, to write out the whole in the present Album of +the Chartreuse, by contributing a line or stanza, as their recollection +served; but that, after all, this pic-nic composition was not exactly +what Gray wrote. Of course, had our friend the Dom known how to supply +the deficiencies, he would have done it. + +There is a translation of the Ode by James Hay Beattie, son of the +professor and poet, printed amongst his poems, which is much less known +than its merits deserve. And I would beg to suggest to such of your +readers as may in the course of their travels visit this monastery, that +books (need I say _proper_ ones?) would be a most acceptable present to +the library; also, that there is a regular Album kept, in which those +who, in this age of "talent" and "intelligence," consider themselves +able to write better lines than Gray's, are at liberty to do so if they +please. + +A very happy conjecture appeared in the _European Magazine_ some time +between 1804 and 1808, as to the conclusion of the stanzas to Mr. +Beattie. The corner of the paper on which they had been written as torn +off; and Mr. Mason supplies what is deficient in the following manner, +the words added by him being printed in Italics:-- + + "Enough for me, if to some feeling breast + My lines a secret sympathy _impart_; + And as their pleasing influence _flows confest_, + A sign of soft reflection _heave the heart_." {417} + +This, it will be seen, is prosaic enough; but the correspondent of the +_E. Mag._ supposes the lines to have ended differently; and that the +poet, in some peculiar fit of modesty, tore off the name. His version is +this:-- + + "Enough for me, if to some feeling breast, + My lines a secret sympathy _convey_; + And as their pleasing influence _is imprest_, + A sigh of soft reflection _heave for Gray_." + +One word upon another poet, Byron _v_. Tacitus, in p. 390. of your 24th +Number. There can be no doubt that the noble writer had this passage of +Tacitus in his mind, when he committed the couplet in question to paper; +but, in all probability, he considered it so well known as not to need +acknowledgment. Others have alluded to it in the same way. The late Rev. +W. Crowe, B.C.L., of New College, Oxford, and public orator of that +University, in some lines recited by his son at the installation of Lord +Grenville, has the following:-- + + "And when he bids the din of war to cease, + He calls the silent desolation--peace." + +I wonder where Lord Byron stole stanzas 1, 2, 3, 4, of the second canto +of _The Bride of Abydos_; to say nothing of some more splendid passages +in the first and second cantos of _Childe Harold_? + +W. (1.) + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Chapels._--Perhaps the following remarks will be of service to "Mr. +GATTY" in the solution of his Queries touching the word _Chapel_ (No. +21.). + +Spelman (_Glossary, sub voce_) endeavours to convince us that _capella_ +is the same as _capsella_, the diminutive of _capsa_; thus making +_chapel_, in the first instance, "a small repository" (_sc._ of relics). +Richardson is also in favour of this etymon, notwithstanding its +harshness and insipidity. I think the common derivation (from _capella_, +diminutive of _capa_) very much preferable to any other, both on the +score of philology and of history. Ducange has quoted several passages, +all tending to evince that _capella_ (explained by the Teutonic +_voccus_) was specially applied to the famous vestment of St. Martin, +comprising his cloak and hood (not merely his _hat_, as some writers +mention). The name was then metonymically transferred to the repository +in which that relic was preserved, and afterwards, by a natural +expansion, became the ordinary designation of the smaller sanctuaries. +This derivation is distinctly affirmed by Walafred Strabo about 842, and +by a monk of St. Gall, placed by Basnage about 884. The earliest +instance where the word _capella_ is used for the vestment of St. Martin +appears to be in a "Placitum" of Theodoric, King of France, who ascended +the throne A.D. 672--"in oratorio nostro super capella Domini Martini +... haec dibiret conjurare." In a second "Placitum," also quoted by +Ducange, of Childebert, King of France (_circa_ 695), the word _capella_ +seems to mean a _sacred building_--"in oratorio suo seu capella Sancti +Marthini." And in a charter of Charles the Simple, _circ._ 900, the term +unquestionably occurs in this latter signification, disconnected from +St. Martin. Other illustrations may be seen in Ducange, who has bestowed +especial industry on the words _capa_ and _capella_. + +With respect to the _legal_ definition of the modern _chapel_, I may +mention that, in stat. 7 & 8 Geo. IV. c. 29. s. 10., it signifies, +according to Mr. Stephens (_Eccl. Statutes_, p. 1357.), "a chapel where +the rites and ceremonies of the Church of England are performed, and +does not include the chapels of Dissenters." In stat. 7 & 8 Geo. IV. c. +30., we read, notwithstanding, of "any _chapel_ for the religious +worship of persons dissenting from the United Church of England and +Ireland." + +C.H. +St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge. + + +_Chapels_ (No. 20. p. 333., and No. 23. p. 371.).--The opinion of the +"BARRISTER" that this term had come into use as a designation of +dissenting places of worship from no "idea of either assistance or +opposition to the Church of England," but only as a supposed means of +security to the property, is probably correct. Yet it is likely +different reasons may have had weight in different places. + +However, he is mistaken in "believing that we must date the adoption of +that term from about" forty years ago. I am seventy-six years old, and I +can bear testimony, that from my infancy it was the term universally +employed in Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Cheshire, Lancashire, and, I think +probable, in the more northern counties. In common speech, it was used +as the word of discrimination from the Methodist places of worship, +which bore the name of _Meeting-houses_, or, more generally, _Meetings_. +But within the period (forty years) assigned by your learned +correspondent, I think that I have observed the habit to have +extensively obtained of applying the term _Chapels_ to the latter class +of places. + +I have abundant evidence of the general use of the term for dissenting +buildings, back to the seventeenth century. From my early life, I +remember the current opinion to have been that _Chapel_ was the word in +use north of the Trent, and _Meeting-house_ in Nottingham and +southwards. + +An eminent antiquary, the Rev. Joseph Hunter, F.S.A., could cast a full +light upon this subject. + +J.P.S. +Homerton, April 15. + + +_Beaver_ (No. 21. p. 338.).--The earliest form of this word is _fiber_, +which is used to signify the animal, the _Castor_, by Varro and Pliny. +The fabulous story of the self-emasculation by which the beaver eludes +pursuit, is thus introduced by Silius, in illustrating the flight of +Hasdrubal:-- {418} + + "Fluminei veluti deprensus gurgitis undis, + Avulsa parte inguinibus caussaque pericli, + Enatat intento praedae _fibor_ avius hoste." + + _Punica_, IV. 485-8, where see Ruperti. + +The scholiast on Juvenal, xii. 34., has the low Latin _vebrus_. (See +Forcellini, Lex. in _Fiber_ et _Castor_, Ducange in _Bever_, and Adelung +in _Biber_.) Derivations of the word _bebrus_ occur in all the languages +of Europe, both Romanic and Teutonic; and denote the Castor. _Beaver_, +in the sense of a _hat_ or _cap_, is a secondary application, derived +from the material of which the hat or cap was made. + +W. + + +_Poins and Bardolph_ (No. 24. p. 385.)--Mr. Collier (Life prefixed to +the edit. of _Shakspeare_, p. 139.) was the first to notice that +Bardolph, Fluellen, and Awdrey, were names of persons living at +Stratford in the lifetime of the poet; and Mr. Halliwell (_Life of +Shakspeare_, pp. 126-7) has carried the subject still further, and shown +that the names of ten characters in the plays are also found in the +early records of that town. Poins was, I believe, a common Welsh name. + +S. + + +_God tempers the Wind_ (No. 22. p. 357.)--Le Roux de Liney, _Livre des +Proverbes Francais_ (Paris, 1842), tom. i. p. 11., cites the following +proverbs-- + + "Dieu mesure le froid a la brebis tondue, + ou, + Dieu donne le froid selon la robbe," + +from Henri Estienne, _Premices_, &c., p. 47., a collection of proverbs +published in 1594. He also quotes from Gabriel Meurier, _Tresor des +Sentences_, of the sixteenth century:-- + + "Dieu aide les mal vestus." + +SIWEL. +April 5. 1850. + + +_Sterne's Koran_ (No. 14. p. 216.)--An inquiry respecting this work +appeared in the _Gent. Mag._, vol. lxvii. pt. ii. p. 565.; and at p. +755. we are told by a writer under the signature of "Normanus," that in +_his_ edition of Sterne, printed at Dublin, 1775, 5 vols. 12mo., the +Koran was placed at the end, the editor honestly confessing that it was +_not_ the production of Sterne, but of Mr. Richard Griffith (son of Mrs. +Griffith, the _Novellettist_), then a gentleman of large fortune seated +at Millecent, co. Kildare, and married to a daughter of the late Ld. +C.B. Burgh. + +I possess a copy of an indifferent edition of Sterne's works, in point +of paper and type, "Printed for J. Mozley, Gainsbrough, 1795. 8 vols. +12mo." The Koran is in the sixth vol., termed "The Posthumous Works of +L. Sterne," dedicated to the Earl of Charlemont by the editor, who, in +his address to the reader, professes to have received the MS. from the +hands of the author some time before his untimely death. + +This I hope will answer the Query of "E.L.N.:" and at the same time I +wish to express my regret, that we do not possess a really good and +complete edition of Sterne's Works, with a Life and literary history of +them, incorporating the amusing illustrations by Dr. Ferriar. + +F.R.A. +April 12. 1850. + + +_Lollius._--In answer to "J.M.B." (No. 19. p. 303.) as to who was the +Lollius spoken of by Chaucer, I send you the following. _Lollius_ was +the real or fictitious name of the author or translator of many of our +Gothic prose romances. D'Israeli, in his admirable _Amenities of +Literature_, vol. i. p. 141., says:-- + + "In some colophons of the prose romances the names of real + persons are assigned as the writers; but the same romance is + equally ascribed to different persons, and works are given as + translations which in fact are originals. Amid this prevailing + confusion, and these contradictory statements, we must agree + with the editor of Warton, that we cannot with any confidence + name the author of any of these prose romances. Ritson has aptly + treated these pseudonymous translators as 'men of straw.' We may + say of them all, as the antiquary Douce, in the agony of his + baffled researches after one of their favourite authorities, a + Will o' the Wisp named LOLLIUS, exclaimed, somewhat + gravely,--'Of Lollius it will become every one to speak with + diffidence.'" + +Perhaps this "scrap" of information may lead to something more +extensive. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + +_Henry Ryder, Bishop of Killaloe_ (No. 24. p. 383).--Henry Ryder, D.D., +a native of Paris, and Bishop of Killaloe, after whose paternity +"W.D.R." inquires, was advanced to that see by patent dated June 5. 1693 +(not 1692), and consecrated on the Sunday following in the church of +Dunboyne, in the co. Meath. See Archdeacon Cotton's _Fasti Ecclesiae +Hibernicae_, vol. i. p. 404., who gives an account of his family. + +W.(I.) + + +_Brown Study_ (No. 22. p. 352.).--Surely a corruption of brow-study, +brow being derived from to old German, _braun_, in its compound form +_ang-braun_, an eyebrow. (Vide Wachter, _Gloss. Germ._) + +HENNES + + +_Seven Champions of Christendom._--Who was the author of _The Seven +Champions of Christendom_? + +R.F. JOHNSON. + + [_The Seven Champions of Christendom_, which Ritson describes as + "containing all the lies of Christendom in one lie," was written + by the well-known Richard Johnson. Our correspondent will find + many curious particulars of his various works in the + Introduction which Mr. Chappell has prefixed to one of them, + viz. _The Crown Garland of Golden Roses_, edited by him from the + edition of 1612 for the Percy Society.] {419} + + +"_Tempora mutantur nos et mutamur in illis_."--"E.V." (p. 215.) is +referred to Cicero _De Officiis_, lib. i. cap. 10., and Ovid, _Met_. +lib. xv. 165. et seqq. + +"_Vox Praeterea nihil_."--"C.W.G." (p. 247.) is also referred to Ovid, +_Met_. lib. iii. 397., and Lactantius, lib. iii. Fab. v. These are the +nearest approximations I know. + +A.W. + + +_Vox Populi Vox Dei._--The words "Populi vox, vox Dei," stand as No. 97. +among the "Aphorismi Politici ex Ph. Cominoeo," in a small volume in my +possession, entitled,-- + + "Aphorismi Politici et Militares, etc. par Lambertum Danaeum + collecti. Lugduni Batavorum. CID IDC XXX IX." + +There is no reference given to book or chapter; and, judging from the +manner in which the aphorisms of Thucydides and Tacitus (which I have +been able to examine) are quoted, I fear it may be found that the words +in question are rather a condensation of some paragraph by Des Comines +that the _ipsissima verba_ that he employed. + +C. FORBES. +Temple. + + +_The Cuckoo._--In respect to the Query of "G." (No. 15. p. 230.), on the +cuckoo, as the Welsh Ambassador, I would suggest that it was in allusion +to the annual arrival of Welshmen in search of summer and other +employment. As those wanderers may have entered England about the time +of the cuckoo's appearance, the idea that the bird was the precursor of +the Welsh might thus become prevalent. Also, on the quotation given by +"PETIT ANDRE" (No. 18. p. 283.) of Welsh parsley, or hempen halters, it +may have derived its origin from the severity practised on the Welsh, in +the time of their independence, when captured on the English side of the +border,--the death of the prisoner being inevitable. + +GOMER. + + +_Ancient Titles_ (No. 11. p. 173.).--It may be interesting to your +querist "B." to know that the seal of the borough of Chard, in the +county of Somerset, has two birds in the position which he describes, +with the date 1570. + +S.S.S. + + +_Daysman_ (No. 12. p. 188., No. 17. p. 267.).--For quoted instances of +this, and other obsolete words, see Jameson's _Bible Glossary_, just +published by Wertheim in Paternoster Row. + +S.S.S. + + +_Safeguard_ (No. 17. p. 267.).--The article of dress for the purpose +described is still used by farmers' wives and daughters in the west of +England, and is known by the same name. + +S.S.S. + + +_Finkle_ (No. 24. p. 384.).--means _fennel_. Mr. Halliwell (_Dict._ p. +357.) quotes from a MS. of the _Nominale_, "fynkylsede, _feniculum_." + +L. + + +_Gourders of Rain_ (No. 21. p. 335., No. 22. p. 357.).--Has the word +"Gourders" any connection with _Gourtes_, a stream, or pool? See +Cotgrave's _Dict._, and Kelham's _Dict. of the Norman Language_. + +_Geotere_ is the A.-S. word for "melter;" but may not the term be +applied to the pourer out of anything? Gourd is used by Chaucer in the +sense of a vessel. (See _Prol. to the Manciple's Tale_.) + +C.I.R. + + +_Urbanus Regius_ (No. 23. p. 367.).--The "delightful old lady" is +informed that "Urbanus Regius" (or Urban le Roi) was one of the +reformers, a native of Langenargen, in Germany. His works were published +under the title of _Vitet et Opera Urbani Regii, &c._, Norib. 1562. His +theological works have been translated into English, as the lady is +aware. + +W. FRANKS MATHEWS. +Kidderminster, April 7. 1850. + + +_Horns_ (No. 24. p. 383.).--Rosenmueller ad Exodum xxxiv. 29. + + "_Ignorabat quods plenderet entis faciei ejus_. Vulgatus + interpres reddidit. _Ignorabat quod cornuta esset facies sua_, + quia verbum _Karan_ denominativum nominis _Keren, cornu_; + opinatus est denotare, _cornua habere_; hine nata opinio, Mosis + faciem fuisse cornutam. Sed nomen [Hebrew: keren] ob + similitudinem et ad _radios_ transferri, docet Haliae, m. 4. ubi + de fulminibus dicitur.... Hic denotat _emisit radias_, i.e. + splenduit." LXX. [Greek: dedoxastai]. Our version, _shone_. + +R. ad Psal. xxii. seems to say, that in Arabic there is the like +metaphor, of the sun's rays to a deer's horns. R. adds, that the Jews +also attributed horns to Moses in another sense, figuratively for power, +as elsewhere. + +_Tauriformis._--The old scholiasts on Horace say that rivers are always +represented with horns, "propter impetum et mugitum aequarum." + + "Corniger Hesperidum fluvius." + +An old modern commentator observes, that in Virgil "Rhenus bicornis," +rather applies to its two aestuaries. + +When Milton says (xi. 831.) "push'd by the horned flood," he seems +rather to mean, as Newton explains him, that "rivers, when they meet +with anything to obstruct their passage, divide themselves and become +_horned_ as it were, and hence the ancients have compared them to +bulls." + +C.B. + + ["M." (Oxford) refers our correspondent to Facciolati, + _Lexicon_, ed. Bailey, voc. _Corun_.] + + +_Horns_ (No. 24. p. 383.).--1. Moses' face, Ex. ch. xxxiv. (_karan_, +Heb.), shot out beams or _horns_ of light (from _keren_, Heb.); so the +first beams of the rising sun are by the Arabian poets compared to +horns. Absurdly rendered by Aqu. and Vulg. (facies) _cornuta erat_. +Whence painters represent Moses as having horns.--Gesenius, _Heb. Lex._ +{420} + +2. There appear many reasons for likening rivers to bulls. Euripides +calls Cephisus taumomorphos, and Horace gives Aufidus the same epithet, +for the same reason probably, as makes him call it also "longe sonans," +"violentus," and "acer;" viz., the bull-like roaring of its waters, and +the blind fury of its course, especially in flood time. Other +interpretations may be given: thus, Milton, Dryden, and others, speak of +the "horned flood," i.e., a body of water which, when it meets with any +obstruction, divides itself and becomes _horned_, as it were. See Milt. +P.L. xi. 831., and notes on the passage by Newton and Todd. Dryden +speaks of "the seven-fold _horns_ of the Nile," using the word as +equivalent to winding stream. It would be tedious to multiply examples. + +3. Of this phrase I have never seen a satisfactory explanation. "Coruna +nasci" is said by Petronius, in a general sense, of one in great +distress. As applied to a cuckold, it is common to most of the modern +European languages. The Italian phrase is "becco cornuto" (horned goat), +which the Accademici della Crusca explain by averring that that animal, +unlike others can without anger bear a rival in his female's love. + +"Dr. Burn, in his _History of Westmoreland_, would trace this _crest_ of +_cuckoldom_ to horns worn as crests by those who went to the Crusades, +as their armorial distinctions; to the infidelity of consorts during +their absence, and to the finger of scorn pointed at them on their +return; crested indeed, but abused."--_Todd's Johnson's Dictionary_. + +R.T.H.G. + + +_Why Moses represented with Horns._--You may inform your querist "L.C." +(No. 24 p. 383.), that the strange practice of making Moses appear +horned, which is not confined to statues, arose from the mistranslation +of Exod. xxxiv. 30. & 35. in the Vulgate, which is to the Romanist his +authenticated scripture. For there he reads "faciem Moysi cornutum," +instead of "the skin of Moses' face shone." The Hebrew verb put into our +type is _coran_, very possibly the root of the Latin _cornu_: and its +primary signification is to put forth horns; its secondary, to shoot +forth rays, to shine. The participle is used in its primary sense in +Psalms, xix. 31.; but the Greek Septuagint, and all translators _from +the Hebrew_ into modern European languages, have assigned to the verb +its secondary meaning in Exod. xxxiv. In that chapter the nominative to +_coran_ is, in both verses, undeniably _skin_, not _head_ nor _face_. +Now it would obviously be absurd to write "his skin was horned," so that +common sense, and the authority of the Septuagint, supported by the +language of St. Paul in his paraphrase and comment on this passage in 2 +Cor. iii. 7-13., ought to have been sufficient to guide any Christian +translator as to the sense to be attached to _coran_ in the mention of +Moses. + +H.W. +Oxford, April 16, 1850. + + [We have since received replies to a similar effect, from "SIR + EDMUND FILMER," "J.E.," &c. "R.G." refers our Querist to Leigh's + _Critica Saera_, part I. p. 219. London, 1662; and "M." refers + him to the note on this passage in Exodus in M. Polus' _Synopsis + Criticorum_. To "T.E." we are indebted for Notes on other + portions of "L.C.'s" Queries.] + + +_The Temple or A Temple._--"Mr. Foss" says (No. 21. p. 335.) that in +Tyrwhitt's edition of Chaucer and in all other copies he has seen, the +reading is-- + + "A gentil manciple was there of a temple." + +In an imperfect black-letter folio copy of Chaucer in my possession +(with curious wood-cuts, but without title-page, or any indications of +its date, printer, &c.), the reading is-- + + "A gentyl mancyple was there of _the_ temple." + +That the above is the true reading ("the real passage"), and that it is +to be applied to _the_ temple, appears to me from what follows, in the +description of the manciple. + + "Of maysters had he moo than thryes ten + That were of lawe expirte and curyous, + Of whyche there were a dosen in that hous + Worthy to be," &c.; + +P.H.F. +March 23, 1850. + + +_Ecclesiastical Year_ (No. 24. p. 381.).--The following note on the +calendar is authority for the statement respecting the beginning of the +ecclesiastical year:-- + + "Note that the Golden Number and the Dominicall letter doeth + change euery yeere the first day of January. Note also, that the + yeere of our Lord beginneth the xxv. day of March, the same + supposed to be the first day upon which the world was created, + and the day when Christ was conceived in the womb of the Virgin + Mary." + +As in the Book of Common Prayer, Lond. 1614, p. 2. Bishop Cosins +remarks, "beginneth the 25th day of March." + + "Romani annum suum auspicantur ad calendas Januarias. Idem + faciunt hodierni Romani et qui in aliis regnis papae authoritatem + agnoseunt. Ecclesia autem Anglicana sequitur suppotationem + antiquam a Dionysio Exiguo inchoatum, anno Christi 532." + +Nicholl's Commentary on the Book of Common Prayer, additional notes, p. +10. Fol. Lond. 1712, vid. loe. + +In the Book of Common Prayer, Oxford, 1716, the note is,-- + + "_Note._--The supputation of the year of our Lord in the Church + of England beginneth the five-and-twentieth day of March." + +This note does not now appear in our Prayer Books, being omitted, I +suppose, in consequence {421} of the adoption of the new style in +England in 1752. The daily course of lessons used to begin, as it does +now, with the Book of Genesis and of St. Matthew, in January; the +collects, epistles, and gospels with those for Advent. + +M. +Oxford. + + +_Paying through the Nose_ (No. 21. p. 335.).--I have always understood +this to be merely a degenerated pronunciation of the last word. Paying +through _the noose_ gives the idea so exactly, that, as far as the +etymology goes, it is explanatory enough. But whether _that_ reading has +an historical origin may be another question. It scarcely seems to need +one. + +C.W.H. + + +_Quem Deus vult perdere, &c._ (No. 22. p. 351.).--The correct reading +is, "Quem Jupiter vult perdere, dementat prius." See Duport's +_Gnomologia Homerica_, p. 282. (Cantab. 1660.) Athenagoras quotes Greek +lines, and renders them in Latin (p. 121. Oxon. 1682): + + "At daemon homini quum struit aliquid malum, + Pervertit illi primitus mentem suam." + +The word "dementat" is not to be met with, I believe, in the works of +any real classical author. Butler has employed the idea in part 3. canto +2. line 565. of _Hudibras_: + + "Like men condemned to thunderbolts, + Who, ere the blow, become mere dolts." + +C.I.R. + + +_Shrew_ (No. 24. p. 381.).--The word, I apprehend, means sharp. The +mouse, which is not the field-mouse, as Halliwell states, but an animal +of a different order of quadrupeds, has a very sharp snout. Shrewd means +sharp generally. Its bad sense is only incidental. They seem connected +with scratch; screw; shrags, the end of sticks or furze (Halliwell); to +shred (A.-S., screadan, but which must be a secondary form of the verb). +That the shrew-mouse is called in Latin _sorex_, seems to be an +accidental coincidence. That is said to be derived from [Greek: urax]. +The French have confounded the two, and give the name _souris_ to the +common mouse, but _not_ to the shrew-mouse. + +I protest, for one, against admitting that Broc is derived from _broc_, +persecution, which of course is participle from break. We say "to +badger" for to annoy, to teaze. I suppose two centuries hence will think +the name of the animal is derived from that verb, and not the verb from +it. It means also, in A.-S., _equus vilis_, a horse that is worn out or +"broken down." + +C.B. + + +_Zenobia_ (No. 24. p. 383.).--Zenobia is said to be "gente Judaea," in +Hoffman's _Lexicon Universale_, and Facciolati, ed. Bailey, Appendix, +voc. _Zenobia_. + +M. +Oxford. + + +_Cromwell's Estates_ (No. 24. p. 389.).--There is Woolaston, in +Gloucestershire, four miles from Chepstow, chiefly belonging now to the +Duke of Beaufort. + +C.B. + + +_Vox et praeterea Nihil_ (No. 16. p. 247., and No. 24. p. 387.).--This +saying is to be found in Plutarch's _Laconic Apophthegms_ ([Greek: +Apophthegmata Lakonika]), Plutarchi _Opera Moralia_, ed. Dan. +Wyttenbach, vol. i. p. 649. + +Philemon Holland has "turned it into English" thus:-- + + "Another [Laconian] having plucked all the feathers off from a + nightingale, and seeing what a little body it had: 'Surely,' + quoth he, 'thou art all voice, and nothing else.'"--_Plutarch's + Morals_, fol. 1603. p. 470. + +W.B.R. + + +_Law of Horses._--The following is from Oliphant's _Law of Horses, &c._, +p. 75. Will any of your readers kindly tell me whether the view is +correct? + + "It is said in _Southerene_ v. _Howe_ (2 Rol. Rep. 5.), _Si home + vend chivall que est lame, null action gist peur ceo, mes_ + caveat emptor: _lou jeo vend chivall que ad null oculus la null + action gist; autrement lou il ad un conterfeit faux et_ bright + eye." "If a man sell a horse which is lame, no action lyes for + that, but _caveat emptor_; and when I sell a horse that has _no_ + eye, there no action lies; otherwise where he has a counterfeit, + false, and _bright eye_." + +Thus it appears that a distinction is here made between a horse having +_no_ eye at all, and having a counterfeit, false or _bright_ one. And +probably by _bright eye_ is meant _glass eye_, or _gutta serena_; and +the words "counterfeit" and "false" may be an attempt of the reporter to +explain an expression which he did not understand. Because putting a +false eye into a horse is far in advance of the sharpest practices of +the present day, or of any former period. + +Note.--_Gutta Serena_, commonly called glass-eye, is a species of +blindness; the pupil is unusually dilated; it is immovable, bright, and +glassy. + +G.H. HEWIT OLIPHANT. +April 16. 1850. + + +_Christ's Hospital._--In reply to "NEMO" (No. 20. p. 318.), a +contemporary of the eminent Blues there enumerated, informs him, that +although he has not a perfect recollection of the ballads then popular +at Christ's Hospital, yet "NEMO" may be pleased to learn, that on making +search at the Society of Antiquaries for Robin Hood Ballads, he found in +a folio volume of Broadsides, &c., one of the much interest and +considerable length in relation to that school. The Ballad must also be +rare, as it is not among those in the two large volumes which have been +for many years in the British Museum, nor is it in the three volumes of +Roxburgh Ballads recently purchased for that noble library. {422} + +The undersigned believes that the only survivor of the scholars at +Christ's Hospital mentioned by "NEMO," is the Rev. Charles Valentine Le +Grice, now residing at Trerieffe, near Penzance. + +J.M.G. +Worcester, March 22. 1850. + + [We are happy to say that one other, at least, of the Christ + Hospital worthies enumerated by "NEMO" still survives--Mr. Leigh + Hunt, whose kindly criticism and real poetic feeling have + enriched our literature with so many volumes of pleasant + reading, and won for him the esteem of a large circle of + admirers.] + + +_Tickhill, God help me!_ (No. 16. p. 247.).--"H.C. ST. CROIX" informs us +that a similar expression is in use in Lincolnshire. Near to the town of +"merry Lincoln" is a large heath celebrated for its cherries. If a +person meets one of the cherry-growers on his way to market, and asks +him where he comes from, the answer will be, if the season is +favourable, "From Lincoln Heath, where should 'un?" but if, on the +contrary, there is a scarcity of cherries, the reply will be, "From +Lincoln Heath, God help 'un." + +"DISS" informs us, too, that this saying is not confined to Tickhill, +Melverly, or Pershore, but is also current at Letton, on the banks of +the Wye, between Hereford and Hay. And "H.C.P." says the same story is +told of the inhabitants of Tadley, in the north of Hampshire, on the +borders of Berkshire. + +_Robert Long_ (No. 24. p. 382.).--Rear-Admiral Robert Long died 4th +_July_, 1771, having been superannuated on the half-pay of rear-admiral +some time before his death. His seniority in the navy was dated from +21st March, 1726, and he was posted in the Shoreham. He never was _Sir_ +Robert. An account of the charity he founded may be seen in the +_Commissioners' Reports on Charities_, vol. iii. iv. vi. + +G. + + +_Transposition of Letters_ (No. 19. p. 298.).--Instances of shortened +names of places. Bensington, Oxfordshire, now called Benson; +Stadhampton, Oxfordshire, now called Stadham; and in Suffolk the +following changes have taken place; Thelnetham is called Feltam; Hoxney, +Oxen. + +C.I.R. + + +_The Complaynt of Scotland_.--I believe there has not been discovered +recently any fact relative to the authorship of above-mentioned poem, +and that the author is, + + "Sir David Lyndsay of the Mount, + Lord Lyon King-at-Arms." + +W.B. + + +_Note Books_ (No. 3. p. 43., and No. 7. p. 104.)--I beg to state my own +mode, than which I know of none better. I have _several_ books, viz., +for History, Topography, Personal and Family History, Ecclesiastical +Affairs, Heraldry, Adversaria. At the end of each volume is an alphabet, +with six columns, one for each vowel; in one or other of which the word +is entered according to the vowel which first appears in it, with a +reference to the page. Thus, _bray_ would come under B.a; _church_ under +C.u.; and so forth. + +S.S.S. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANIES. + +_MSS. of Casaubon._--There is a short statement respecting certain MSS., +now existing, of the great critic Casaubon, in a recent volume of the +Parker Society--Whitaker's _Disputation on Holy Scripture_, edited and +translated by Professor Fitzgerald, Professor of Moral Philosophy, +Dublin, which I conceive is one of those facts which might be of service +at some future time to scholars, from having been recorded in your +columns:-- + +Whitaker having observed-- + + "One Herman, a most impudent papist, affirms that the scriptures + are of no more avail than Aesop's fables, apart from the + testimony of the church."--(Parker Soc. transl., p. 276.) + +Professor Fitzgerald appends the following "note:"-- + + "Casaubon, Exercit. Baron. I. xxxiii. had, but doubtfully, + attributed this to Pighius; but in a MS. note preserved in + Primate Marsh's library, at St. Sepulchre's, Dublin, he corrects + himself thus: 'Non est hic, sed quidam Hermannus, ait Wittakerus + in Praefat. Controvers. I. Quaest. S. p. 314.' If a new edition of + those Exercitations be ever printed, let not these MSS. of that + great man, which, with many other valuable records, we owe to + the diligence of Stillingfleet and the munificence of Marsh, be + forgotten." + +T. +Bath + + * * * * * + +ON A VERY TALL BARRISTER NAMED "LONG." + + Longi longorum longissime, Longe, virorum, + Dic mihi, te quaeso, num _Breve_ quicquid habes? + +W.(1.) + + * * * * * + +"NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR." + +_On a very bad book: from the Latin of Melancthon_. + + A thousand blots would never cure this stuff; + One might, I own, if it were large enough. + +RUFUS. + + * * * * * + +_Close Translation._--The following is a remarkable instance; for it is +impossible to say which is the original and which the translation, they +are so nearly equivalent:-- + + "Boys and girls, come out to play; + The moon doth shine as bright as day; + Come with a whoop, come with a call, + Come with a good will, or come not at all." {423} + + "Garcons et filles, venez toujours; + La lune fait clarte comme le jour; + Venez au bruit d'un joyeux eclat; + Venez de bon coeur, ou ne venez pas." + +W.(1.) + + +_St. Antholin's Parish Books._--In common with many of your antiquarian +readers, I look forward with great pleasure to the selection from the +entries in the St. Antholin's Parish Books, which are kindly promised by +their present guardian, and, I may add, intelligent expositor, "W.C." + +St. Antholin's is, on several accounts, one of the most interesting of +our London churches; it was here, Strype tells us (_Annals_, I. i. p. +199.), "the new morning prayer," i.e., according to the new reformed +service-book, first began in September, 1559, the bell beginning to ring +at five, when a psalm was sung after the Geneva fashion, all the +congregation, men, women, and boys, singing together. It is much to be +regretted that these registers do not extend so far back as this year, +as we might have found in them entries of interest to the Church +historian; but as "W.C." tells us the volumes are kept regularly up to +the year 1708, I cannot but hope he may be able to produce some notices +of what Mr. P. Cunningham calls, "the Puritanical fervour" of this +little parish. "St. Antling's bell," and "St. Antling's preachers," were +proverbial for shrillness and prolixity, and the name is a familiar one +to the students of our old dramatists. Let "W.C." bear in mind, that the +chaplains of the Commissioners of the Church of Scotland, with Alexander +Henderson at their head, preached here in 1640, commanding crowded +audiences, and that a passage was formed from the house where they +lodged into a gallery of this church; and that the pulpit of St. +Antholin's seems, for many years, to have been the focus of schism, +faction, and sedition, and he may be able to bring forward from these +happily preserved registers much interesting and valuable information. + +D.S. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, &C. + +No one can have visited Edinburgh, and gazed upon + + "The height +Where the huge Castle holds its state," + +without having felt a strong desire to learn the history of that +venerable pile, and the stirring tales which its grey walls could tell. +What so many must have wished done, has at length been accomplished by +Mr. James Grant, the biographer of Kirkaldy of Grange, the gallant +governor of that castle, who was so treacherously executed by the Regent +Morton. His work, just published under the title of _Memorials of the +Castle of Edinburgh_, contains its varied history, ably and pleasantly +narrated, and intermixed with so much illustrative anecdote as to render +it an indispensable companion to all who may hereafter visit one of the +most interesting, as well as most remarkable monuments of the metropolis +of Scotland. + +The lovers of fine engravings and exquisite drawings will have a rare +opportunity of enriching their portfolios in the course of the next and +following week, as Messrs. Leigh Sotheby and Co., of Wellington Street, +commence on Monday a nine days' sale of a magnificent collection of +engravings, of the highest quality, of the ancient and modern Italian, +German, Dutch, Flemish, French, and English schools, which comprises +some superb drawings of the most celebrated masters of the different +schools of Europe. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--Bernard Quaritch's (16. +Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue of Oriental and Foreign +Books, comprising most Languages and Dialects of the Globe; and John +Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue, Number Four for 1850, of Books, +Old and New. + + * * * * * + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +Odd Volumes. + +CREVIER--HISTORY OF THE ROMAN EMPERORS, 8vo. London, J. and P. Knapton, +1744, Vols. I. and II. + +Plate 2, to the 11th chapter of Vol. III of STUART'S ATHENS. JOURNALS OF +THE HOUSE OF LORDS, from 1660 to 1688. + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +_As we have been again compelled to omit many articles which we are +anxious to insert, we shall next week give an enlarged Number of 24 +pages, instead of 16, so as to clear off our arrears._ + +Arnot's Physics. _A copy of this work has been reported to Mr. Bell: +will our correspondent who wishes for it forward his name and address?_ + + * * * * * + +PUBLIC RECORDS + +MONUMENTA HISTORICA BRITANNICA. + +Just published, folio, 5 guineas half-bound (printed by Her Majesty's +command). + +MATERIALS for the HISTORY of BRITAIN, from the earliest period. Vol. I, +extending to the Norman Conquest. "Sir Robert Inglis remarked, that this +work had been pronounced, by one of our most competent collegiate +authorities, to be the finest work published in Europe."--_Proceedings +in Parliament_, March 11. 1850. + +HENRY BUTTERWORTH, Publisher to the Public Record Department, 7. Fleet +Street. + +Of whom may be had, 8vo., sewed. A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of the RECORD +PUBLICATIONS. + + * * * * * + +SCRIPTURE RULE OF MARRIAGES. + +This day is published, in post 8vo., price Twopence; 1s. 6d. per dozen, +or 10s. per hundred, + +LET US UPHOLD the SCRIPTURE RULE of MARRIAGES: an Earnest Address to +Englishmen. By the Rev. ABNER W. BROWN, M.A. London; SAMPSON LOW, 169. +Fleet Street. + + * * * * * {424} + +Preparing for Publication, With the Sanction of the Society of Arts, and +the Committee of the Ancient and Mediaeval Exhibition, + +A Description of the Works of Ancient and Mediaeval Art + +Collected at the Society of Arts in 1850; with Historical Introductions +on the various Arts, and Notices of the Artists. + +By AUGUSTUS W. FRANKS, Honorary Secretary. + +The Work will be handsomely printed in super-royal 8vo., and will be +amply illustrated with Wood Engravings by P.H. DE LA MOTTE. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. FLEET STREET. + + * * * * * + +THE CAMDEN SOCIETY, for the Publication of Early Historical and Literary +Remains.--The ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING will be held at the Freemason's +Tavern, Great Queen Street, on Thursday next, the 2nd of May, at FOUR +o'clock, precisely. + +THE LORD BRAYBROOKE, the President, in the Chair. + +WILLIAM J. THOMS, Secretary. + +The following are the Publications of the Society for the year +1849-50:-- + +I. Inedited Letters of Queen Elizabeth, addressed to King James VI. of +Scotland, between the years 1581 and 1594. From the Originals in the +possession of the Rev. Edward Ryder, of Oaksey, Wilts. Edited by JOHN +BRUCE, Esq. Treas. S.A. + +II. Chronicon Petroburgense. Nunc primum typis mandatum, curante THOMA +STAPLETON. + +III. The Chronicle of Queen Jane, and of Two years of Queen Mary, and +especially of the Rebellion of Sir Thomas Wyatt, written by a Resident +in the Tower of London. Edited, with illustrative Documents and Notes, +by JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, Esq. F.S.A. + +The Subscription to the Society is 1l. per annum. Communications from +Gentlemen desirous of becoming Members may be addressed to the +Secretary; or to Messrs. Nichols, No. 25. Parliament Street, +Westminster. + + * * * * * + +On the 1st of MAY next, 1850, will be published, price 2s. 6d. + +PART I. of + +HISTORIC RELIQUES; + +A Series of Representations of + +ARMS, JEWELLERY, GOLD AND SILVER PLATE, FURNITURE, ARMOUR, &c., + +In Royal and Noble Collections, Colleges, and Public Institutions, &c., +and which + +FORMERLY BELONGED TO INDIVIDUALS EMINENT IN HISTORY. + +DRAWN FROM THE ORIGINALS AND ETCHED + +BY JOSEPH LIONEL WILLIAMS. + +PART I. will contain-- + +Andiron, William III., at Windsor Castle. Candelabrum, Charles I., St. +Baron, Ghent. Silver-gilt Cup, Margaret Beaufort, Christ's College, +Cambridge. + +To be completed in Ten Parts, price 2s. 6d. each. + +Large paper copies, 5s. + +Office 198. Strand, London. + + * * * * * + +A second and Cheaper Edition of + +A DICTIONARY of ARCHAIC and PROVINCIAL WORDS, Obsolete Phrases, +Proverbs, and Ancient Customs. From the Reign of Edward I. By JAMES +ORCHARD HALLIWELL, F.R.S. F.S.A. &c. 2 vols, 8vo., containing upwards of +1000 pages, closely printed in double columns, 1l. 1s. cloth. + +It contains above 50,000 Words (embodying all the known scattered +glossaries of the English Language), forming a complete key to the +reader of the works of our old Poets, Dramatists, Theologians, and other +authors whose works abound with allusions, of which explanations are not +to be found in ordinary dictionaries and books of reference. Most of the +principal Archaisms are illustrated by examples selected from early +inedited MSS. and rare books, and by far the greater portion will be +found to be original authorities. + +J.R. SMITH, 4. Old Compton Street, Soho, London. + + * * * * * + +ON THE LOVE OF BOOKS IN DARK AGES. + +8vo. cloth, 5s. + +BIBLIOMANA in the MIDDLE AGES. + +BY F. MERRYWEATHER. + +"Whoever has the real Mr. Merryweather's spirit will be in love with him +before they reach the end of this volume. The author is full of pleasant +enthusiasm, and has given us a volume of very curious facts."--_Eclectic +Review._ + +SIMPKIN and CO. + + * * * * * + +Magnificent Collection of Engravings, the Property of a distinguished +Amateur.--Nine Days' Sale. + +MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY and Co., Auctioneers of Literary Property and +Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by AUCTION, at their +House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on MONDAY, April 29, and eight +following days (Sunday excepted), at One precisely each day the +magnificent Collection of ENGRAVINGS, the property of a distinguished +Amateur comprising the Works of the most eminent Engravers of the +ancient and modern Italian, German, Dutch, Flemish, French, and English +Schools, the whole being of the very highest quality, both as to +impression and condition; together with some superb Drawings by the most +celebrated Masters of the different Schools of Europe. + +May be viewed four days prior to the sale. Catalogues are now ready, and +will be forwarded on application. + + * * * * * + +The beautiful Collection of Modern Drawings of a distinguished Amateur. + +MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY and Co., Auctioneers of Literary Property and +Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by AUCTION, at their +House, Wellington Street, Strand, on THURSDAY, May 9, a small but very +choice Collection of DRAWINGS, chiefly in Water Colours, by the most +eminent modern Artists, and containing exquisite specimens of the works +of-- + +Gainsborough J.W.M. Turner, R.A. Sir D. Wilkie, R.A. +Wilson C. Stanfield, R.A. Sir A. Callcott, R.A. +Watteau Cattermole De Wint +Zuccherelli D. Cox Van Os +Sir T. Lawrence Chambers Shelfhout +Bonnington Muller Hildebrandt +Stothard + +and many others of equal celebrity. They are the property of the same +distinguished amateur by whom the superb collection of prints advertised +above was formed, and have been selected with the most perfect taste and +judgment. + +May be viewed four days prior to the sale. Catalogues are now ready, and +will be forwarded on application. + + * * * * * + +Six Days' Sale of the Third Portion of the valuable Stock of Prints of +Messrs. W. and G. Smith, the eminent Printsellers of Lisle Street. + +MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY and Co., Auctioneers of Literary Property and +Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by AUCTION, at their +House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on MONDAY, May 13, and five +following days, at One precisely each day, the third portion of the +important and valuable Stock of PRINTS, the property of Messrs. W. and +G. Smith, the long-established, well-known, and eminent Printsellers, of +Lisle Street, Leicester Square, who have retired from business; +comprising some of the works of the most eminent Engravers of the early +Italian, German, Dutch, Flemish, French, and English Schools, including +the matchless assemblage of the Works of the Masters of the School of +Fontainbleau, formerly in Count Fries' collection; Engravers' Proofs of +Book Plates, &c., generally of the very highest quality, both as to +impression and condition; together with a very few fine Drawings by +ancient and modern masters. + +May be viewed four days before the sale, and Catalogues had at the place +of sale. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, April 27. 1850. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 26. Saturday, +April 27, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 26. *** + +***** This file should be named 13822.txt or 13822.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/8/2/13822/ + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team, and The Internet Library of Early Journals, + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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