diff options
| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 04:42:56 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 04:42:56 -0700 |
| commit | e1cade3213ff6dc4f10dbaf068f558fd2a351d4e (patch) | |
| tree | 35ed1c0f0898f57d8729ad5271c7b4ea750618c2 /13791-h | |
Diffstat (limited to '13791-h')
| -rw-r--r-- | 13791-h/13791-h.htm | 2346 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 13791-h/images/hilton_001f.jpg | bin | 0 -> 269148 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 13791-h/images/hilton_001s.jpg | bin | 0 -> 78896 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 13791-h/images/hilton_002f.jpg | bin | 0 -> 294106 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 13791-h/images/hilton_002s.jpg | bin | 0 -> 77886 bytes |
5 files changed, 2346 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/13791-h/13791-h.htm b/13791-h/13791-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..657501c --- /dev/null +++ b/13791-h/13791-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2346 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<html> +<head> +<meta name="generator" content= +"HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st August 2004), see www.w3.org"> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content= +"text/html; charset=UTF-8"> +<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 4.0"> +<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document"> +<title>PSYCHOLOGY AND ACHIEVEMENT by WARREN HILTON</title> +<style type="text/css"> + /*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ + <!-- + p { text-align: justify; margin-top: .75em; margin-bottom: .75em } + table { border-collapse: collapse; border-style: none; border-width: medium } + *#col1 { border-style: none; border-width: medium } + td { border-style: none; border-width: medium; padding: 0em } + h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { text-align: center } + hr { text-align: center; width: 50% } + html>body hr { width: 50%; margin-left: 25%; margin-right: 25% } + hr.full { width: 100% } + html>body hr.full { width: 100%; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0% } + hr.short { text-align: center; width: 20% } + html>body hr.short { width: 20%; margin-left: 40%; margin-right: 40% } + body { margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font :1.05em serif} + img { border-style: none; border-width: medium } + .ctr { text-align: center } + .linenum { position: absolute; top: auto; left: 4% } + /* poetry number */ + .note { margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 2em; margin-bottom: 1em } + /* footnote */ + .blkquot { margin-left: 4em; margin-right: 4em; font-size: .90em; } + /* block indent */ + .pagenum { position: absolute; left: 92%; font-size: smaller; text-align: right } + /* page numbers */ + .sidenote { width: 10%; font-size: .75em; float: left; clear: left; margin-top: .5em; + margin-bottom: .5em; padding-right: .5em } + .poem { text-align: left; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10% } + .poem br { display: none } + .poem .stanza { margin-left: 0em; margin-right: 0em; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em } + .poem span { display: block; text-indent: -3em; margin: 0; padding-left: 3em } + .poem span.i2 { display: block; margin-left: 2em } + .poem span.i4 { display: block; margin-left: 4em } + .poem .caesura { vertical-align: -200% } + .caption {font-size: .75em; } + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + +</style> +</head> +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13791 ***</div> + +<h4><span>Applied Psychology</span></h4> + +<h3><span>PSYCHOLOGY AND ACHIEVEMENT<br> +<br> + <i>Being the First of a Series of Twelve Volumes on the +Applications of Psychology to the Problems of Personal and Business +Efficiency</i></span></h3> + +<h4>BY</h4> + +<h3><span>WARREN HILTON, A.B., L.L.B.</span></h3> + +<h5><span>FOUNDER OF THE SOCIETY OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY</span></h5> + +<h5 align="center"><span>ISSUED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF<br> + <b>THE LITERARY DIGEST.</b><br> + FOR</span></h5> + +<h4><span>The Society of Applied Psychology<br> + NEW YORK AND LONDON<br> + 1919</span></h4> + +<hr class="full"> +<h5><span>1914<br> + BY THE APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY PRES<br> + SAN FRANCISCO<br> +</span></h5> + +<br> + + +<hr class="full"> +<h3><span>PREFATORY NOTE</span></h3> + +<p><i>Lest in the text of these volumes credit may not always have +been given where credit is due, grateful acknowledgment is here +made to Professor Hugo Münsterberg, Professor Walter Dill +Scott, Dr. James H. Hyslop, Dr. Ernst Haeckel, Dr. Frank Channing +Haddock, Mr. Frederick W. Taylor, Professor Morton Prince, +Professor F.H. Gerrish, Mr. Waldo Pondray Warren, Dr. J.D. +Quackenbos, Professor C.A. Strong, Professor Paul Dubois, Professor +Joseph Jastrow, Professor Pierre Janet, Dr. Bernard Hart and +Professor G.M. Whipple, of the indebtedness to them incurred in the +preparation of this work.</i></p> + +<hr class="full"> +<h3><span>CONTENTS</span></h3> + +<p class="blkquot">Chapter<br> + I. ATTAINMENT OF MIND CONTROL<br> +</p> + +<blockquote class="blkquot" style= +"width: 75%; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%"><a href= +"#Man_of_Tomorrow">THE MAN OF TOMORROW</a><br> + <a href="#Dollars_Sense">THE DOLLARS AND CENTS OF MENTAL +WASTE</a><br> + <a href="#Means_to">THE MEANS TO NOTABLE ACHIEVEMENT</a><br> + <a href="#Making_Good">A PROCESS FOR "MAKING GOOD"</a><br> + <a href="#Inadequacy_Body">INADEQUACY OF BODY TRAINING</a><br> + <a href="#Inadequacy_Business">INADEQUACY OF BUSINESS +SPECIALIZATION</a><br> + <a href="#Futility_Advice">FUTILITY OF ADVICE IN BUSINESS</a><br> + <a href="#Why_How">THE WHY AND THE HOW</a><br> + <a href="#FUNDAMENTAL_TRAINING">FUNDAMENTAL TRAINING FOR +EFFICIENCY</a><br> + <a href="#VIRUS_OF_FAILURE">THE VIRUS OF FAILURE</a><br> + <a href="#PRACTICAL_FORMULAS">PRACTICAL FORMULAS FOR EVERY +DAY</a><br> + <a href="#UNDISCOVERED_RESOURCES">YOUR UNDISCOVERED +RESOURCES</a><br> + <a href="#MIND_MACHINE">MAN'S MIND MACHINE</a><br> + <a href="#ABJURING_MYSTICISMS">ABJURING MYSTICISMS</a><br> + <a href="#PSYCHOLOGY_PHYSIOLOGY">PSYCHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND +RELATIONSHIPS</a><br> + <a href="#ABODE_AND_INSTRUMENT">ABODE AND INSTRUMENT OF +MIND</a><br> + <a href="#MANNER_OF_HANDLING">MANNER OF HANDLING MENTAL +PROCESSES</a><br> + <a href="#FUNDAMENTAL_LAWS">FUNDAMENTAL LAWS AND PRACTICAL +METHODS</a><br> + <a href="#SPECIAL_BUSINESS">SPECIAL BUSINESS TOPICS</a><br> + <a href="#STEP_BEYOND">A STEP BEYOND COLLEGIATE PSYCHOLOGY</a><br> + <a href="#ETERNAL_LAWS">THE ETERNAL LAWS OF INDIVIDUAL +ACHIEVEMENT</a><br> + <a href="#MASTER_OUR_METHODS">HOW TO MASTER OUR METHODS</a><br> +</blockquote> + +<br> +<br> + + +<p class="blkquot">II. TWO LAWS OF SUCCESS-ACHIEVEMENT<br> +</p> + +<div class="blkquot" style= +"width: 75%; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%"><a href= +"#ONE-MAN_BUSINESS">THE ONE-MAN BUSINESS CORPORATION</a><br> + <a href="#BODILY_ACTIVITY">BUSINESS AND BODILY ACTIVITY</a><br> + <a href="#ENSLAVED_BRAIN">THE ENSLAVED BRAIN</a><br> + <a href="#SELF-REALIZATION">FIRST STEP TOWARD +SELF-REALIZATION</a><br> +</div> + +<br> +<br> + + +<p class="blkquot">III. RELATION OF MIND ACTIVITY TO BODILY +ACTIVITY<br> +</p> + +<div class="blkquot" style= +"width: 75%; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%"><a href= +"#SPECULATION">SPECULATION AND PRACTICAL SCIENCE</a><br> + <a href="#RIDDLES">PHILOSOPHIC RIDDLES AND PERSONAL +EFFECTIVENESS</a><br> + <a href="#WANT_TO_KNOW">WHAT WE WANT TO KNOW</a><br> + <a href="#SPIRITUALIST">SPIRITUALIST, MATERIALIST AND +SCIENTIST</a><br> + <a href="#CAUSE_AND_EFFECT">SCIENCE OF CAUSE AND EFFECT</a><br> + <a href="#FIRST_CAUSES">CAUSES AND "FIRST" CAUSES</a><br> + <a href="#COMMON_PLATFORM">A COMMON PLATFORM FOR ALL</a><br> + <a href="#THOUGHTS_TREATED">THOUGHTS TREATED AS CAUSES</a><br> + <a href="#SCIENTIFIC_METHOD">SCIENTIFIC METHOD WITH PRACTICAL +PROBLEMS</a><br> + <a href="#SCIENTIFIC_LAWS">USES OF SCIENTIFIC LAWS</a><br> +</div> + +<br> +<br> + + +<p class="blkquot">IV. INTROSPECTIVE EVIDENCE OF MENTAL MASTERY<br> +</p> + +<div class="blkquot" style= +"width: 75%; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%"><a href= +"#WANT_TO_DO">DOING THE THING YOU WANT TO DO</a><br> + <a href="#POWER_OF_WILL">SOURCE OF POWER OF WILL</a><br> + <a href="#IMPELLENT">IMPELLENT ENERGY OF THOUGHT</a><br> + <a href="#BODILY_EFFECTS_OF_MENTAL">BODILY EFFECTS OF MENTAL +STATES</a><br> + <a href="#ILLUSTRATIVE">ILLUSTRATIVE EXPERIMENTS</a><br> + <a href="#SCOPE_OF_MIND">SCOPE OF MIND POWER</a><br> + <a href="#BODILY_EFFECTS_OF_EMOTION">BODILY EFFECTS OF +EMOTION</a><br> + <a href="#BODILY_EFFECTS_OF_PERCEPTION">BODILY EFFECTS OF +PERCEPTION</a><br> + <a href="#PAVLOV">EXPERIMENTS OF PAVLOV</a><br> + <a href="#TASTE_AND_DIGESTION">TASTE AND DIGESTION</a><br> + <a href="#BODILY_EFFECTS_OF_SENSATIONS">BODILY EFFECTS OF +SENSATIONS</a><br> + <a href="#LAW_OF_EXPRESSION">THE FUNDAMENTAL LAW OF +EXPRESSION</a><br> +</div> + +<br> +<br> + + +<p class="blkquot">V. PHYSIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF MENTAL MASTERY<br> +</p> + +<div class="blkquot" style= +"width: 75%; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%"><a href= +"#INTROSPECTIVE">INTROSPECTIVE KNOWLEDGE</a><br> + <a href="#DISSECTION">DISSECTION AND THE GOVERNING +CONSCIOUSNESS</a><br> + <a href="#SUBORDINATE">SUBORDINATE MENTAL UNITS</a><br> + <a href="#MICROSCOPE">WHAT THE MICROSCOPE SHOWS</a><br> + <a href="#LITTLE_UNIVERSE">THE LITTLE UNIVERSE BEYOND</a><br> + <a href="#UNIT_OF_LIFE">THE UNIT OF LIFE</a><br> + <a href="#LIVING_CELLS">CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING CELLS</a><br> + <a href="#BRAIN_OF_THE_CELL">THE BRAIN OF THE CELL</a><br> + <a href="#MIND_LIFE">MIND LIFE OF ONE CELL</a><br> + <a href="#WILL_OF_THE_CELL">THE WILL OF THE CELL</a><br> + <a href="#ORGANIC_EVOLUTION">THE CELL AND ORGANIC +EVOLUTION</a><br> + <a href="#DIFFERENTIATIONS">EVOLUTIONARY DIFFERENTIATIONS</a><br> + <a href="#PLURALITY">PLURALITY OF THE INDIVIDUAL</a><br> + <a href="#COMBINED_CONSCIOUSNESS">COMBINED CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE +MILLIONS</a><br> + <a href="#EVOLUTION_OF_THE_HUMAN">EVOLUTION OF THE HUMAN +ORGANISM</a><br> + <a href="#CROWD-MAN">THE CROWD-MAN</a><br> + <a href="#DIFFERENT_HUMAN_CELLS">FUNCTIONS OF DIFFERENT HUMAN +CELLS</a><br> + <a href="#CELL_LIFE_AFTER">CELL LIFE AFTER DEATH</a><br> + <a href="#ALEXIS_CARRELL">EXPERIMENTS OF DR. ALEXIS +CARRELL</a><br> + <a href="#MAN-FEDERATION">MAN-FEDERATION OF INTELLIGENCES</a><br> + <a href="#CREATIVE_POWER">CREATIVE POWER OF THE CELL</a><br> + <a href="#PRACTICAL_DOING">LAYING THE FOUNDATION FOR PRACTICAL +DOING</a><br> + <a href="#THREE_NEW">THREE NEW PROPOSITIONS</a><br> + <a href="#MENTAL_DOMINANCE">AN INSTRUMENT FOR MENTAL +DOMINANCE</a><br> + <a href="#GATEWAYS">GATEWAYS OF EXPERIENCE</a><br> + <a href="#COURIERS">COURIERS OF ACTION</a><br> + <a href="#NERVE_SYSTEMS">NERVE SYSTEMS</a><br> + <a href="#ORGANS_OF_CONSCIOUSNESS">ORGANS OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND +SUBCONSCIOUSNESS</a><br> + <a href="#INSIDE_THE_SKULL">LOOKING INSIDE THE SKULL</a><br> + <a href="#DRUNKENNESS">DRUNKENNESS AND BRAIN EFFICIENCY</a><br> + <a href="#SECONDARY_BRAINS">SECONDARY BRAINS</a><br> + <a href="#DEPENDENCE_OF">DEPENDENCE OF THE SUBCONSCIOUS</a><br> + <a href="#UNCONSCIOUSNESS_AND">UNCONSCIOUSNESS AND +SUBCONSCIOUSNESS</a><br> + <a href="#SYNTHESIS_OF_THE_MAN-MACHINE">SYNTHESIS OF THE +MAN-MACHINE</a><br> + <a href="#SUBSERVIENCY_OF_THE_BODY">SUBSERVIENCY OF THE +BODY</a><br> +</div> + +<br> +<br> + + +<p class="blkquot">VI. THE SUPREMACY OF CONSCIOUSNESS<br> +</p> + +<div class="blkquot" style= +"width: 75%; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%"><a href= +"#MENTAL_SHACKLES">STRIKING OFF THE MENTAL SHACKLES</a><br> + <a href="#AWAKENING_OF_ENLIGHTENMENT">THE AWAKENING OF +ENLIGHTENMENT</a><br> + <a href="#VITAL_PURPOSE">THE VITAL PURPOSE</a><br> + <a href="#RESERVOIR_OF_LATENT">YOUR RESERVOIR OF LATENT +POWER</a><br> +</div> + +<br> +<br> + + +<hr class="full"> +<h2>ATTAINMENT OF MIND CONTROL</h2> + +<hr class="full"> +<h3>CHAPTER I<br> +ATTAINMENT OF MIND CONTROL</h3> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="Man_of_Tomorrow">The Man of +Tomorrow</a></i></div> + +<p>The men of the nineteenth century have harnessed the forces of +the outer world. The age is now at hand that shall harness the +energies of mind, new-found in the psychological laboratory, and +shall put them at the service of humanity.</p> + +<p>Are you fully equipped to take a valiant part in the work of the +coming years?</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="Dollars_Sense">The Dollars and +Cents of Mental Waste</a></i></div> + +<p>The greatest of all eras is at hand! Are you increasing your +fitness to appreciate it and take part in it, or are you merely +passing your time away?</p> + +<p>Take careful note for a week of the incidents of your daily +life—your methods of work, habits of thought, modes of +recreation. You will discover an appalling waste in your present +random methods of operation.</p> + +<p>How many foot-pounds of energy do you suppose you annually dump +into the scrap-heap of wasted effort? What does this mean to you in +dollars and cents? In conscious usefulness? In peace and +happiness?</p> + +<p>Individual mental efficiency is an absolute prerequisite to any +notable personal achievement or any great individual success. Your +mental energies are the forces with which you must wage your +battles in this world.</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="Means_to">The Means to Notable +Achievement</a></i></div> + +<p>Are you prepared to direct and deploy these forces with +masterful control and strategic skill? Are you prepared to use all +your reserves of mental energy in the crises of your career?<br> +</p> + +<p>Individual mental efficiency is an absolute prerequisite to any +notable personal achievement or any great individual success. Your +mental energies are the forces with which you must wage your +battles in this world. Are you prepared to direct and deploy these +forces with masterful control and strategic skill? Are you prepared +to use all your reserves of mental energy in the crises of your +career?<br> +</p> + +<p>A Mighty and Intelligent Power resides within you. Its marvelous +resources are just now coming to be recognized.<br> +</p> + +<p>Recent scientific research has revealed, beyond the world of the +senses and beyond the domain of consciousness, a wide and hitherto +hidden realm of human energies and resources.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="Making_Good">A Process for +"Making Good"</a></i></div> + +<p>These are mental energies and resources. They are phases of the +mind, not of the "mind" of fifty years ago, but of a "mind" of +whose operations you are unconscious and whose marvelous breadth +and depth and power have but recently been revealed to the world by +scientific experiment.<br> +</p> + +<p>Thus in many fairly independent ways we are brought around to +this same idea of a common structure underlying all the many +seeming diversities manifested by what we call matter.<br> +</p> + +<p>In this <i>Basic Course of Reading</i> we shall lay before you +in simple and clear-cut but scientific form the proof that you have +at your command mental powers of which you have never before +dreamed.<br> +</p> + +<p>And we shall give you such specific directions for the use of +these new-found powers, that whatever your environment, whatever +your business, whatever your ambition, <i>you need but follow our +plain and simple instructions in order to do the thing you want to +do, to be the man you want to be, or to get the thing you want to +have.</i><br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="Inadequacy_Body">Inadequacy of +Body Training</a></i></div> + +<p>If you have any thought that the control of your hidden mental +energies is to be acquired by mere hygienic measures, put it from +you. The idea that you may come into the fulness of your powers +through mere wholesome living, outdoor sports and bodily exercise +is an idea that belongs to an age that is past. Good health is not +necessary to achievement. It is not even a positive influence for +achievement. It is merely a negative blessing. With good health you +may hope to reach your highest mental and spiritual development +free from the harassment of soul-racking pain. But without good +health men have reached the summit of Parnassus and have dragged +their tortured bodies up behind them.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="Inadequacy_Business">Inadequacy +of Business Specialization</a></i></div> + +<p>Nor does success necessarily follow or require long preparation +in a particular field. The first occupation of the successful man +is rarely the one in which he achieves his ultimate triumph. In the +changing conditions of our day, one needs a better weapon than the +mere knowledge of a particular trade, vocation or profession. <i>He +needs that mastery of himself and others that is the fundamental +secret of success in all fields of endeavor</i>.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="Futility_Advice">Futility of +Advice in Business</a></i></div> + +<p>It is well to tell you beforehand that in this <i>Basic Course +of Reading</i> we shall be content with no mere cataloguing of the +factors that are commonly regarded as essential to success. We +shall do no moralizing. You will find here no elaboration of the +ancient aphorisms, "Honesty is the best policy," and "Genius is the +infinite capacity for taking pains."<br> +</p> + +<p>The world has had its fill of mere exhortations to industry, +frugality and perseverance. For some thousands of years men have +preached to the lazy man, "Be industrious," and to the timid man, +"Be bold." But such phrases never have solved and never can solve +the problem for the man who feels himself lacking in both industry +and courage.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="Why_How">The Why and the +How</a></i></div> + +<p>It is easy enough to tell the salesman that he must approach his +"prospect" with tact and confidence. But tact and confidence are +not qualities that can be assumed and discarded like a Sunday coat. +Industry and courage and tact and confidence are well enough, but +we must know the Why and the How of these things.<br> +</p> + +<p>It is well enough to preach that the secret of achievement is to +be found in "courage-faith" and "courage-confidence," and that the +way to acquire these qualities is to assume that you have them. +There is no denying the undoubted fact that men and women have been +rescued from the deepest mire of poverty and despair and lifted to +planes of happy abundance by what is known as "faith." But what is +"faith"? And "faith" in What? And Why? And How?<br> +</p> + +<p>Obviously we cannot achieve certain and definite results in this +or any other field so long as we continue to deal with materials we +do not understand.</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="FUNDAMENTAL_TRAINING">Fundamental +Training for Efficiency</a></i></div> + +<p>Yet that is what all men are doing today. The elements of truth +are befogged in vague and amateurish mysticism, and the subject of +individual efficiency when we get beyond mere preaching and +moralizing is a chaos of isms.<br> +</p> + +<p>The time is ripe for a real analysis of these important +problems,—a serious and scientific analysis with a clear and +practical exposition of facts and principles and rules for +conduct.<br> +</p> + +<p>Men and women must be fundamentally trained so that they can +look deep into their own minds and see where the screw is loose, +where oil is needed, and so readjust themselves and their living +for a greater efficiency.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="VIRUS_OF_FAILURE">The Virus of +Failure</a></i></div> + +<p>The embittered, the superstitious, the prejudiced, all those who +scorpion-like sting themselves with the virus of failure, must be +given an antidote of understanding that will repair their deranged +mental machinery.<br> +</p> + +<p>The conscientious but foolish business man who is worrying +himself into failure and an early grave must be taught the +physiological effects of ideas and given a new standard of +values.<br> +</p> + +<p>The profligate must be lured from his emotional excesses and +debaucheries, not by moralizings, but by showing him just how these +things fritter his energies and retard his progress.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="PRACTICAL_FORMULAS">Practical +Formulas for Every Day</a></i></div> + +<p>It must be made plain to the successful promoter, to the rich +banker, how a man may be a financial success and yet a miserable +failure so far as true happiness is concerned, and how by +scientific self-development he can acquire greater riches within +than all his vaults of steel will hold.<br> +</p> + +<p>This <i>Basic Course of Reading</i> offers just such an analysis +and exposition of fundamental principles. It furnishes definite and +scientific answers to the problems of life. It will reveal to you +unused or unintelligently used mental forces vastly greater than +those now at your command.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="UNDISCOVERED_RESOURCES">Your +Undiscovered Resources</a></i></div> + +<p>We go even further, and say that this <i>Basic Course of +Reading</i> provides a practicable formula for the everyday use of +these vast resources. It will enable you to acquire the magical +qualities and still more magical effects that spell success and +happiness, without straining your will to the breaking point and +making life a burden. It will give you a definite prescription like +the physician's, "Take one before meals," and as easily compounded, +which will enable you to be prosperous and happy.<br> +</p> + +<p>In the development of one's innate resources, such as powers of +observation, imagination, correct judgment, alertness, +resourcefulness, application, concentration, and the faculty of +taking prompt advantage of opportunities, the study of the mental +machine is bound to be the first step. It must be the ultimate +resource for self-training in efficiency for the promoter with his +appeal to the cupidity and imaginations of men as surely as for the +artist in his search for poetic inspiration.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="MIND_MACHINE">Man's Mind +Machine</a></i></div> + +<p>No man can get the best results from any machine unless he +understands its mechanism. We shall draw aside the curtain and show +you the mind in operation.<br> +</p> + +<p>The mastery of your own powers is worth more to you than all the +knowledge of outside facts you can crowd into your head. Read and +study and practice the teachings of this <i>Basic Course</i>, and +they will make you in a new sense the master of yourself and of +your future.<br> +</p> + +<p>In this <i>Basic Course of Reading</i> we shall begin by giving +you a thorough understanding of certain mental operations and +processes.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="ABJURING_MYSTICISMS">Abjuring +Mysticisms</a></i></div> + +<p>We shall lead your interest away from "vague mysticisms" and +emphasize such phases of scientific psychological theory as bear +directly on practical achievement.<br> +</p> + +<p>We shall give you a practical working knowledge of concentrative +mental methods and devices. We shall clear away the mysteries and +misapprehensions that now envelop this particular field.<br> +</p> + +<p>In the present volume we shall begin with a discussion of +certain aspects of the relation between the mind and the body.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name= +"PSYCHOLOGY_PHYSIOLOGY">Psychology, Physiology and +Relationships</a></i></div> + +<p>However we look at it, it is impossible to understand the mind +without some knowledge of the bodily machine through which the mind +works. The investigation of the mind and its conditions and +problems is primarily the business of psychology, which seeks to +describe and explain them. It would seem to be entirely distinct +from physiology, which seeks to classify and explain the facts of +bodily structure and operation. But all sciences overlap more or +less. And this is particularly true of psychology, which deals with +the mind, and physiology, which deals with the body.<br> +</p> + +<p>It is the mind that we are primarily interested in. But every +individual mind resides within, or at least expresses itself +through, a body. Upon the preservation of that body and upon the +orderly performance of its functions depend our health and comfort, +our very lives.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="ABODE_AND_INSTRUMENT">Abode and +instrument of Mind</a></i></div> + +<p>Then, too, considered merely as part of the outside world of +matter, man's body is the physical fact with which he is most in +contact and most immediately concerned. It furnishes him with +information concerning the existence and operations of other minds. +It is in fact his only source of information about the outside +world.<br> +</p> + +<p>First of all, then, you must form definite and intelligent +conclusions concerning the relations between the mind and the +body.</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="MANNER_OF_HANDLING">Manner of +Handling Mental Processes</a></i></div> + +<p>This will be of value in a number of ways. In the first place, +you will understand the bodily mechanism through which the mind +operates, and a knowledge of this mechanism is bound to enlighten +you as to the character of the <i>mental</i> processes themselves. +In the second place, it is worth while to know the extent of the +mind's influence over the body, because this knowledge is the first +step toward obtaining bodily efficiency through the mental control +of bodily functions. And, finally, a study of this bodily mechanism +is of very great practical importance in itself, for the body is +the instrument through which the mind acts in its relations with +the world at large.<br> +</p> + +<p>From a study of the bodily machine, we shall advance to a +consideration of the mental processes themselves, not after the +usual manner of works on psychology, but solely from the standpoint +of practical utility and for the establishment of a scientific +concept of the mind capable of everyday use.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="FUNDAMENTAL_LAWS">Fundamental +Laws and Practical Methods</a></i></div> + +<p>The elucidation of every principle of mental operation will be +accompanied by illustrative material pointing out just how that +particular law may be employed for the attainment of specific +practical ends. There will be numerous illustrative instances and +methods that can be at once made use of by the merchant, the +musician, the salesman, the advertiser, the employer of labor, the +business executive.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="SPECIAL_BUSINESS">Special +Business Topics</a></i></div> + +<p>In this way this <i>Basic Course of Reading</i> will lay a firm +and broad foundation, first, for an understanding of the methods +and devices whereby any man may acquire full control and direction +of his mental energies and may develop his resources to the last +degree; second, for an understanding of the psychological methods +for success in any specific professional pursuit in which he may be +particularly interested; and third, for an understanding of the +methods of applying psychological knowledge to the industrial +problems of office, store and factory.<br> +</p> + +<p>The first of these—that is to say, instruction in methods +for the attainment of any goal consistent with native +ability—will follow right along as part of this <i>Basic +Course of Reading.</i> The second and third—that is to say, +the study of special commercial and industrial topics—are +made the subject of special courses supplemental to this <i>Basic +Course</i> and for which it can serve only as an introduction.<br> +</p> + +<p>The conclusion which our minds are forced to draw from the facts +presented in this chapter is not doubtful, nor is it difficult to +state. Matter is not now being brought into existence by any means +that we call "natural." <i>And yet the facts of radioactivity very +positively forbid the past eternity of matter</i>. Hence, the +conclusion is syllogistic: matter must have originated at some time +in the past by methods or means which are equivalent to a real +Creation.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="STEP_BEYOND">A Step Beyond +Collegiate Psychology</a></i></div> + +<p>In this <i>Basic Course of Reading</i> we shall show you how you +may acquire perfect individual efficiency. And, most remarkable of +all, we shall show you how you may acquire it <i>without that +effort to obtain it, that straining of the will, that struggling +with wasteful inclinations and desires, that is itself the essence +of inefficiency</i>.<br> +</p> + +<p>The facts and principles set forth in this <i>Basic Course</i> +are new and wonderful and inspiring. They have been established and +attested by world-wide and exhaustive scientific research and +experiment.<br> +</p> + +<br> +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="ETERNAL_LAWS">The Eternal Laws of +Individual Achievement</a></i></div> + +<p>You may be a college graduate. You may have had the advantage of +a college course in psychology. But you have probably had no +instruction in the practical application of your knowledge of +mental operations. So far as we are aware, there are few +universities in the world that embrace in their curricula a course +in "applied" psychology. For the average college man this <i>Basic +Course of Reading</i> will be, therefore, in the nature of a +post-graduate course, teaching him how to make practical use of the +psychology he learned at college, and in addition giving him facts +about the mind unknown to the college psychology of a few years +ago.<br> +</p> + +<p>In these books you will probe deeply into the normal human +mind.<br> +</p> + +<p>You will see also the fantastic and distorted shape of its +manifestations in disease.<br> +</p> + +<p>You will learn the Eternal Laws of Individual Achievement.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="MASTER_OUR_METHODS">How to Master +Our Methods</a></i></div> + +<p>And you will be taught how to apply them to your own business or +profession.<br> +</p> + +<p>But mark this word of warning. To comprehend the teachings of +this <i>Basic Course</i> well enough to put them into practice +demands from you careful study and reflection. It requires +persistent application. Do not attempt to browse through the pages +that follow. They are worth all the time that you can put upon +them.<br> +</p> + +<p>The mind is a complex mechanism. Each element is alone a fitting +subject for a lifetime's study. Do not lose sight of the whole in +the study of the parts.<br> +</p> + +<p>All the books bear upon a central theme. They will lead you on +step by step. Gradually your conception of your relations to the +world will change. A new realization of power will come upon you. +You will learn that you are in a new sense the master of your fate. +You will find these books, like the petals of a flower, unfolding +one by one until a great and vital truth stands revealed in +full-blown beauty.<br> +</p> + +<p>To derive full benefit from the <i>Course</i> it is necessary +that you should do more than merely understand each sentence as you +go along. You must grasp the underlying train of thought. You must +perceive the continuity of the argument.<br> +</p> + +<p>It is necessary, therefore, that you do but a limited amount of +reading each day, taking ample time to reflect on what you have +read.<br> +</p> + +<p>If any book is not entirely clear to you at first, go over it +again. Persistence will enable any man to acquire a thorough +comprehension of our teachings and a profound mastery of our +methods.<br> +</p> + +<hr class="full"> +<h2>TWO LAWS OF SUCCESS-ACHIEVEMENT</h2> + +<hr class="full"> +<h3>CHAPTER II<br> +TWO LAWS OF SUCCESS-ACHIEVEMENT</h3> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="ONE-MAN_BUSINESS">The One-Man +Business Corporation</a></i></div> + +<p>As a working unit you are a kind of one-man business corporation +made up of two departments, the mental and the physical.<br> +</p> + +<p>Your mind is the executive office of this personal corporation, +its directing "head." Your body is the corporation's "plant." Eyes +and ears, sight and smell and touch, hands and feet—these are +the implements, the equipment.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="BODILY_ACTIVITY">Business and +Bodily Activity</a></i></div> + +<p>We have undertaken to teach you how to acquire a perfect mastery +of your own powers and meet the practical problems of your life in +such a way that success will be swift and certain.<br> +</p> + +<p>First of all it is necessary that you should accept and believe +two well-settled and fundamental laws.<br> +</p> + +<p>I. <i>All human achievement comes about through bodily +activity.</i><br> +</p> + +<p>II. <i>All bodily activity is caused, controlled and directed by +the mind.</i><br> +</p> + +<p>Give the first of these propositions but a moment's thought. You +can conceive of no form of accomplishment which is not the result +of some kind of bodily activity. One would say that the master +works of poetry, art, philosophy, religion, are products of human +effort furthest removed from the material side of life, yet even +these would have perished still-born in the minds conceiving them +had they not found transmission and expression through some form of +bodily activity. You will agree, therefore, that the first of these +propositions is so self-evident, so axiomatic, as neither to +require nor to admit of formal proof.<br> +</p> + +<p>The second proposition is not so easily disposed of. It is in +fact so difficult of acceptance by some persons that we must make +very plain its absolute validity. Furthermore, its elucidation will +bring forth many illuminating facts that will give you an entirely +new conception of the mind and its scope and influence.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="ENSLAVED_BRAIN">The Enslaved +Brain</a></i></div> + +<p>Remember, when we say "mind," we are not thinking of the brain. +The brain is but one of the organs of the body, and, by the terms +of our proposition as stated, is as much the slave of the mind as +is any other organ of the body. To say that the mind controls the +body presupposes that mind and body are distinct entities, the one +belonging to a spiritual world, the other to a world of matter.<br> +</p> + +<br> +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="SELF-REALIZATION">First Step +Toward Self-Realization</a></i></div> + +<p>That the mind is master of the body is a settled principle of +science. But we realize that its acceptance may require you to lay +aside some preconceived prejudices. You may be one of those who +believe that the mind is nothing more nor less than brain activity. +You may believe that the body is all there is to man and that +mind-action is merely one of its functions.<br> +</p> + +<p>If so, we want you nevertheless to realize that, while as a +matter of philosophic speculation you retain these opinions, you +may at the same time for practical purposes regard the mind as an +independent causal agency and believe that it can and does control +and determine and <i>cause</i> any and every kind of bodily +activity. We want you to do this because this conclusion is at the +basis of a practical system of mental efficiency and because, as we +shall at once show you, it is capable of proof by the established +methods of physical science.<br> +</p> + +<hr class="full"> +<h2>RELATION OF MIND ACTIVITY TO BODILY ACTIVITY</h2> + +<hr class="full"> +<h3>CHAPTER III<br> +RELATION OF MIND ACTIVITY TO BODILY ACTIVITY</h3> + +<h4>POINT OF VIEW FROM WHICH YOU MUST APPROACH THIS PROBLEM</h4> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="SPECULATION">Speculation and +Practical Science</a></i></div> + +<p>The fact is, one's opinion as to whether mind controls body or +body makes mind-action depends altogether upon the point of view. +And the first step for us to take is to agree upon the point of +view we shall assume.<br> +</p> + +<p>Two points of view are possible. One is <i>speculative</i>, the +other <i>practical</i>.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="RIDDLES">Philosophic Riddles and +Personal Effectiveness</a></i></div> + +<p>The <i>speculative point of view</i> is that of the philosopher +and religionist, who ponder the tie that binds "soul" and body in +an effort to solve the riddle of "creation" and pierce the mystery +of the "hereafter."<br> +</p> + +<p>The <i>practical point of view</i> is that of the modern +practical scientist, who deals only with actual facts of human +experience and seeks only immediate practical results.<br> +</p> + +<p>The speculative problem is the historical and religious one of +the mortality or immortality of the soul. The practical problem is +the scientific one that demands to know what the mental forces are +and how they can be used most effectively.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="WANT_TO_KNOW">What We Want to +Know</a></i></div> + +<p>There is no especial need here to trace the historical +development of these two problems or enter upon a discussion of +religious or philosophical questions.<br> +</p> + +<p>Our immediate interest in the mind and its relationship to the +body is not because we want to be assured of the salvation of our +souls after death.<br> +</p> + +<p><i>We want to know all we can about the reality and certainty +and character of mental control of bodily functions because of the +practical use we can make of such knowledge in this life, here and +now.</i><br> +</p> + +<br> +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="SPIRITUALIST">Spiritualist, +Materialist and Scientist</a></i></div> + +<p>The practical scientist has nothing in common with either +spiritualists, soul-believers, on the one hand, or materialists on +the other. So far as the mortality of the soul is concerned, he may +be either a spiritualist or a materialist. But spiritualism or +materialism is to him only an intellectual pastime. It is not his +trade. In his actual work he seeks only practical results, and so +confines himself wholly to the actual facts of human +experience.<br> +</p> + +<p>The practical scientist knows that as between two given facts, +and <i>only</i> as between these two, one may be the "cause" of the +other. But he is not interested in the "creative origin" of +material things. He does not attempt to discover "first" +causes.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="CAUSE_AND_EFFECT">Science of +Cause and Effect</a></i></div> + +<p>The practical scientist ascribes all sorts of qualities to +electricity and lays down many laws concerning it without having +the remotest idea as to what, in the last analysis, electricity may +actually be. He is not concerned with ultimate truths. He does his +work, and necessarily so, upon the principle that for all practical +purposes he is justified in using any given assumption as a working +hypothesis if everything happens just as if it were true.<br> +</p> + +<p>The practical scientist applies the term "cause" to any object +or event that is the invariable predecessor of some other object or +event.<br> +</p> + +<p>For him a "cause" is simply any object or event that may be +looked upon as forecasting the action of some other object or the +occurrence of some other event.<br> +</p> + +<p>The point with him is simply this, Does or does not this object +or this event in any way affect that object or that event or +determine its behavior?<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><a name="FIRST_CAUSES">Causes and "First" +Causes</a></div> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="COMMON_PLATFORM">A Common +Platform for All</a></i></div> + +<p>No matter where you look you will find that every fact in Nature +is relatively cause and effect according to the point of view. +Thus, if a railroad engine backs into a train of cars it transmits +a certain amount of motion to the first car. This imparted motion +is again passed on to the next car, and so on. The motion of the +first car is, on the one hand, the effect of the impact of the +engine, and is, on the other hand, the "cause" of the motion of the +second car. And, in general, what is an "effect" in the first car +becomes a "cause" when looked at in relation to the second, and +what is an "effect" in the second becomes a "cause" in relation to +the third. So that even the materialist will agree that "cause" and +"effect" are relative terms in dealing with any series of facts in +Nature.<br> +</p> + +<p>A man may be either a spiritualist, believing that the mind is a +manifestation of the super-soul, or he may be a materialist, and in +either case he may at the same time and with perfect consistency +believe, as a practical scientist, that the mind is a "cause" and +has bodily action as its "effect."<br> +</p> + +<p>Naturally this point of view offers no difficulties whatever to +the spiritualist. He already looks upon the mind or soul as the +"originating cause" of everything.<br> +</p> + +<br> +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="THOUGHTS_TREATED">Thoughts +Treated as Causes</a></i></div> + +<p>But the materialist, too, may in accordance with his speculative +theory continue to insist that <i>brain-action</i> is the +"originating cause" of mental life; yet if the facts show that +certain thoughts are invariably followed by certain bodily +activities, the materialist may without violence to his theories +agree to the great practical value of <i>treating these thoughts as +immediate causes</i>, no matter what the history of creation may +have been.<br> +</p> + +<p>Whatever the brand of your materialism or your religious belief, +you can join us in accepting this practical-science point of view +as a common platform upon which to approach our second fundamental +proposition, that "all bodily activity is caused, controlled and +directed by the mind."<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="SCIENTIFIC_METHOD">Scientific +Method with Practical Problems</a></i></div> + +<p>Ignoring all religious and metaphysical questions, we have, +then, to ask ourselves merely:</p> + +<p><i>Can the mind be relied upon to bring about or stop or in any +manner influence bodily action? And if it can, what is the extent +of the mind's influence?</i><br> +</p> + +<p>In answering these questions we shall follow the method of the +practical scientist, whose method is invariably the same whatever +the problem he is investigating.<br> +</p> + +<p>This method involves two steps: first, the collection and +classification of facts; second, the deduction from those facts of +general principles.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="SCIENTIFIC_LAWS">Uses of +Scientific Laws</a></i></div> + +<p>The scientist first gathers together the greatest possible array +of experiential facts and classifies these facts into +sequences—that is to say, he gathers together as many +instances as he can find in which one given fact follows directly +upon the happening of another given fact.<br> +</p> + +<p>Having done this, he next formulates in broad general terms the +common principle that he finds embodied in these many similar +sequences.<br> +</p> + +<p>Such a formula, if there are facts enough to establish it, is +what is known as a scientific law. Its value to the world lies in +this, that whenever the given fact shall again occur our knowledge +of the scientific law will enable us to predict with certainty just +what events will follow the occurrence of that fact.<br> +</p> + +<p>First, then, let us marshal our facts tending to prove that +bodily activities are caused by the mind.<br> +</p> + +<hr class="full"> +<h2>INTROSPECTIVE EVIDENCE OF MENTAL MASTERY</h2> + +<hr class="full"> +<h3>CHAPTER IV<br> +INTROSPECTIVE EVIDENCE OF MENTAL MASTERY</h3> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="WANT_TO_DO">Doing the Thing You +Want to Do</a></i></div> + +<p>The first and most conspicuous evidential fact is voluntary +bodily action; that is to say, bodily action resulting from the +exercise of the conscious will.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="POWER_OF_WILL">Source of Power of +Will</a></i></div> + +<p>If you will a bodily movement and that movement immediately +follows, you are certainly justified in concluding that your mind +has caused the bodily movement. Every conscious, voluntary movement +that you make, and you are making thousands of them every hour, is +a distinct example of mind activity causing bodily action. In fact, +the very will to make any bodily movement is itself nothing more +nor less than a mental state.<br> +</p> + +<p><i>The will to do a thing is simply the belief, the conviction, +that the appropriate bodily movement is about to occur.</i> The +whole scientific world is agreed on this.<br> +</p> + +<p>For example, in order to bend your forefinger do you first think +it over, then deliberately put forth some special form of energy? +Not at all: The very thought of bending the finger, if unhindered +by conflicting ideas, is enough to bend it.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="IMPELLENT">Impellent Energy of +Thought</a></i></div> + +<p>Note this general law: <i>The idea of</i> any bodily action +tends to produce the action.<br> +</p> + +<p>This conception of thought as impellent—that is to say, as +impelling bodily activity—is of absolutely fundamental +importance. The following simple experiments will illustrate its +working.<br> +</p> + +<p>Ask a number of persons to think successively of the letters +"B," "O," and "Q." They are not to pronounce the letters, but +simply to think hard about the sound of each letter.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="BODILY_EFFECTS_OF_MENTAL">Bodily +effects of Mental States</a></i></div> + +<p>Now, as they think of these letters, one after the other, watch +closely and you will see their lips move in readiness to pronounce +them. There may be some whose lip-movements you will be unable to +detect. If so, it will be because your eye is not quick enough or +keen enough to follow them in every case.<br> +</p> + +<p>Have a friend blindfold you and then stand behind you with his +hands on your shoulders. While in this position ask him to +concentrate his mind upon some object in another part of the house. +Yield yourself to the slightest pressure of his hands or arms and +you will soon come to the object of which he has been thinking. If +he is unfamiliar with the impelling energy of thought, he will +charge the result to mind-reading.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="ILLUSTRATIVE">Illustrative +Experiments</a></i></div> + +<p>The same law is illustrated by a familiar catch. Ask a friend to +define the word "spiral." He will find it difficult to express the +meaning in words. And nine persons out of ten while groping for +appropriate words will unconsciously describe a spiral in the air +with the forefinger.<br> +</p> + +<p>Swing a locket in front of you, holding the end of the chain +with both hands. You will soon see that it will swing in harmony +with your thoughts. If you think of a circle, it will swing around +in a circle. If you think of the movement of a pendulum, the locket +will swing back and forth.<br> +</p> + +<p>These experiments not only illustrate the impelling energy of +thought and its power to induce bodily action, but they indicate +also that the bodily effects of mental action are not limited to +bodily movements that are conscious and voluntary.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="SCOPE_OF_MIND">Scope of Mind +Power</a></i></div> + +<p><i>The fact is, every mental state</i> whether you consider it +as involving an act of the will or not, is followed some kind of +bodily effect, and every bodily action is preceded by some distinct +kind of mental activity. From the practical science point of view +every thought causes its particular bodily effects.<br> +</p> + +<p>This is true of simple sensations. It is true of impulses, ideas +and emotions. It is true of pleasures and pains. It is true of +conscious mental activity. It is true of unconscious mental +activity. It is true of the whole range of mental life.<br> +</p> + +<p>Since the mental conditions that produce bodily effects are not +limited to those mental conditions in which there is a conscious +exercise of the will, it follows that <i>the bodily effects +produced by mental action are not limited to movements of what are +known as the voluntary muscles.</i><br> +</p> + +<p>On the contrary, they include changes and movements in all of +the so-called involuntary muscles, and in every kind of bodily +structure. They include changes and movements in every part of the +physical organism, from changes in the action of heart, lungs, +stomach, liver and other viscera, to changes in the secretions of +glands and in the caliber of the tiniest blood-vessels. A few +instances such as are familiar to the introspective experience of +everyone will illustrate the scope of the mind's control over the +body.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="BODILY_EFFECTS_OF_EMOTION">Bodily +Effects of Emotion</a></i></div> + +<p>Emotion always causes numerous and intense bodily effects. +Furious anger may cause frowning brows, grinding teeth, contracted +jaws, clenched fists, panting breath, growling cries, bright +redness of the face or sudden paleness. None of these effects is +voluntary; we may not even be conscious of them.<br> +</p> + +<p>Fright may produce a wild beating of the heart, a death-like +pallor, a gasping motion of the lips, an uncovering or protruding +of the eye-balls, a sudden rigidity of the body as if "rooted" to +the spot.<br> +</p> + +<p>Grief may cause profuse secretion of tears, swollen, reddened +face, red eyes and other familiar symptoms.<br> +</p> + +<p>Shame may cause that sudden dilation of the capillary +blood-vessels of the face known as "blushing."<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name= +"BODILY_EFFECTS_OF_PERCEPTION">Bodily Effects of +Perception</a></i></div> + +<p>The sight of others laughing or yawning makes us laugh or yawn. +The sound of one man coughing will become epidemic in an audience. +The thought of a sizzling porter-house steak with mushrooms, baked +potatoes and rich <i>gravy</i> makes the mouth of a hungry man +"water."<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="PAVLOV">Experiments of +Pavlov</a></i></div> + +<p>Suppose I show you a lemon cut in half and tell you with a wry +face and puckered mouth that I am going to suck the juice of this +exceedingly sour lemon. As you merely read these lines you may +observe that the glands in your mouth have begun to secrete saliva. +There is a story of a man who wagered with a friend that he could +stop a band that was playing in front of his office. He got three +lemons and gave half of a lemon to each of a number of street +urchins. He then had these boys walk round and round the band, +sucking the lemons and making puckered faces at the musicians. That +soon ended the music.<br> +</p> + +<p>A distinguished German scientist, named Pavlov, has recently +demonstrated in a series of experiments with dogs that the sight of +the plate that ordinarily bears their food, or the sight of the +chair upon which the plate ordinarily stands, or even the sight of +the person who commonly brings the plate, may cause the saliva to +flow from their salivary glands just as effectively as the food +itself would do if placed in their mouths.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="TASTE_AND_DIGESTION">Taste and +digestion</a></i></div> + +<p>There was a time, and that not long ago, when the contact of +food with the lining of the stomach was supposed to be the +immediate cause of the secretion of the digestive fluids. Yet +recent observation of the interior of the stomach through an +incision in the body, has shown that just as soon as the food is +<i>tasted</i> in the mouth, a purely mental process, the stomach +begins to well forth those fluids that are suitable for +digestion.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name= +"BODILY_EFFECTS_OF_SENSATIONS">Bodily Effects of +Sensations</a></i></div> + +<p>The press recently contained an account of a motorcycle race in +Newark, New Jersey. The scene was a great bowl-shaped motor-drome. +In the midst of cheering thousands, when riding at the blinding +speed of ninety-two miles an hour, the motorcycle of one of the +contestants went wrong. It climbed the twenty-eight-foot incline, +hurled its rider to instant death and crashed into the packed +grandstand. Before the whirling mass of steel was halted by a +deep-set iron pillar four men lay dead and twenty-two others +unconscious and severely injured. Then the twisted engine of death +rebounded from the post and rolled down the saucer-rim of the +track.<br> +</p> + +<p>Around the circular path, his speed scarcely less than that of +his ill-fated rival, knowing nothing of the tragedy, hearing +nothing of the screams of warning from the crowd, came another +racer. The frightened throng saw the coming of a second tragedy. +The sound that came from the crowd was a low moaning, a sighing, +impotent, unconscious prayer of the thousands for the mercy that +could not come. The second motorcycle struck the wreck, leaped into +the air, and the body of its rider shot fifty feet over the +handlebars and fell at the bottom of the track unconscious. Two +hours later he was dead.<br> +</p> + +<p>What was the effect of this dreadful spectacle upon the +onlookers? Confusion, cries of fright and panic, while throughout +the grandstand women fainted and lay here and there unconscious. +Many were afflicted with nausea. With others the muscles of speech +contracted convulsively, knees gave way, hearts "stopped beating." +Observe that these were wholly the effects of <i>mental</i> action, +effects of <i>sight</i> and <i>sound sensations</i>.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="LAW_OF_EXPRESSION">The +Fundamental Law of Expression</a></i></div> + +<p>Why multiply instances? All that you need to do to be satisfied +that the mind is directly responsible for any and every kind of +bodily activity is to examine your own experiences and those of +your friends. They will afford you innumerable illustrations.<br> +</p> + +<p>You will find that not only is your body constantly doing things +because your mind wills that it should do them, but that your body +is incessantly doing things simply because they are the expression +of a passing thought.<br> +</p> + +<p>The law that <i>Every idea tends to express itself in some form +of bodily activity</i>, is one of the most obviously demonstrable +principles of human life.<br> +</p> + +<p>Bear in mind that this is but another way of expressing the +second of our first two fundamental principles of mental +efficiency, and that we are engaged in a scientific demonstration +of its truth so that you will not confuse it with mere theory or +speculation.<br> +</p> + +<p>To recall these fundamental principles to your mind and further +impress them upon you, we will restate them:<br> +</p> + +<p>I. <i>All human achievement comes about through some form of +bodily activity</i>.<br> +</p> + +<p>II. <i>All bodily activity is caused, controlled and directed by +the mind.</i><br> +</p> + +<hr class="full"> +<h2>PHYSIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF MENTAL MASTERY</h2> + +<hr class="full"> +<h3>CHAPTER V<br> +PHYSIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF MENTAL MASTERY</h3> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="INTROSPECTIVE">Introspective +Knowledge</a></i></div> + +<p>We have been considering the relationship between mind and body +from the standpoint of the mind. Our investigation has been largely +introspective; that is to say, we simply looked within ourselves +and considered the effects of our mental operations upon our own +bodies. The facts we had before us were facts of which we had +direct knowledge. We did not have to go out and seek them in the +mental and bodily activities of other persons. We found them here +within ourselves, inherent in our consciousness. To observe them we +had merely to turn the spotlight into the hidden channels of our +own minds.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="DISSECTION">Dissection and the +Governing Consciousness</a></i></div> + +<p>We come now to examine the mind's influence upon the body from +the standpoint of the body. To do this we must go forth and +investigate. We must use eye, ear and hand. We must use the forceps +and scalpel and microscope of the anatomist and physiologist.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="SUBORDINATE">Subordinate Mental +Units</a></i></div> + +<p><i>But it is well worth while that we should do this. For our +investigation will show a bodily structure peculiarly adapted to +control by a governing consciousness. It will reveal to the eye a +physical mechanism peculiarly fitted</i> for the dissemination of +intelligence throughout the body. And, most of all, it will +disclose the existence within the body of subordinate mental units, +each capable of receiving, understanding and acting upon the +intelligence thus submitted. And we shall have strongly +corroborative evidence of the mind's complete control over every +function of the body.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="MICROSCOPE">What the Microscope +Shows</a></i></div> + +<p>Examine a green plant and you will observe that it is composed +of numerous parts, each of which has some special function to +perform. The roots absorb food and drink from the soil. The leaves +breathe in carbonic acid from the air and transform it into the +living substance of the plant. Every plant has, therefore, an +anatomical structure, its parts and tissues visible to the naked +eye.<br> +</p> + +<p>Put one of these tissues under a microscope and you will find +that it consists of a <i>honeycomb of small compartments or +units</i>. These compartments are called "cells," and the structure +of all plant tissues is described as "cellular." Wherever you may +look in any plant, you will find these cells making up its tissues. +The activity of any part or tissue of the plant, and consequently +all of the activities of the plant as a whole, are but the combined +and co-operating activities of the various individual cells of +which the tissues are composed. <i>The living cell, therefore, is +at the basis of all plant life.</i><br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="LITTLE_UNIVERSE">The Little +Universe Beyond</a></i></div> + +<p>In the same way, if you turn to the structure of any animal, you +will find that it is composed of parts or organs made up of +different kinds of tissues, and these tissues examined under a +microscope will disclose a cellular structure similar to that +exhibited by the plant.<br> +</p> + +<p><i>Look where you will among living things, plant or animal, you +will find that all are mere assemblages of cellular +tissues.</i><br> +</p> + +<p>Extend your investigation further, and examine into forms of +life so minute that they can be seen only with the most powerful +microscope and you will come upon a <i>whole universe of tiny +creatures consisting of a single cell</i>.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="UNIT_OF_LIFE">The Unit of +Life</a></i></div> + +<br> +<p>Indeed, it is a demonstrable fact that these tiny units of life +consisting of but a single cell are far more numerous than the +forms of life visible to the naked eye. You will have some idea of +their size and number when we tell you that millions may live and +die and reproduce their kind in a single thimbleful of earth.<br> +</p> + +<p><i>Every plant, then, or every animal, whatever its species, +however simple or complicated its structure, is in the last +analysis either a single cell or a confederated group of +cells.</i><br> +</p> + +<p>All life, whether it be the life of a single cell or of an +unorganized group of cells or of a republic of cells, has as its +basis the life of the cell.<br> +</p> + +<p>For all the animate world, two great principles stand +established. First, that <i>every living organism</i>, plant or +animal, big or little, develops from a cell, and is itself a +composite of cells, and that the cell is the unit of all life. +Secondly, that <i>the big and complex organisms have through long +ages developed out of simpler forms</i>, the organic life of today +being the result of an age-long process of evolution.<br> +</p> + +<p>What, then, is the cell, and what part has it played in this +process of evolution?<br> +</p> + +<p>To begin with, a cell is visible only through a microscope. A +human blood cell is about one-three-thousandth of an inch across, +while a bacterial cell may be no more than +one-twenty-five-thousandth of an inch in diameter.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="LIVING_CELLS">Characteristics of +Living Cells</a></i></div> + +<br> +<p>Yet, small as it is, the cell exhibits all of the customary +phenomena of independent life; that is to say, it nourishes itself, +it grows, it reproduces its kind, it moves about, and <i>it +feels</i>. It is a <i>living, breathing, feeling, moving, feeding +thing</i>.<br> +</p> + +<p>The term "cell" suggests a walled-in enclosure. This is because +it was originally supposed that a confining wall or membrane was an +invariable and essential characteristic of cell structure. It is +now known, however, that while such a membrane may exist, as it +does in most plant cells, it may be lacking, as is the case in most +animal cells.<br> +</p> + +<p>The only absolutely essential parts of the cell are the inner +<i>nucleus</i> or kernel and the tiny mass of living jelly +surrounding it, called the <i>protoplasm</i>.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="BRAIN_OF_THE_CELL">The Brain of +the Cell</a></i></div> + +<p>The most powerful microscopes disclose in this protoplasm a +certain definite structure, a very fine, thread-like network +spreading from the nucleus throughout the semi-fluid albuminous +protoplasm. It is certainly in line with the broad analogies of +life, to suppose that in each cell the nucleus with its network is +the brain and nervous system of that individual cell.<br> +</p> + +<p>All living organisms consist, then simply of cells. Those +consisting of but one cell are termed unicellular; those comprising +more than one cell are called pluricellular.<br> +</p> + +<p>The unicellular organism is the unit of life on this earth. Yet +tiny and ultimate as it is, every unicellular organism is possessed +of an independent and "free living" existence.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="MIND_LIFE">Mind Life of One +Cell</a></i></div> + +<p>To be convinced of this fact, just consider for a moment the +scope of development and range of activities of one of these tiny +bodies.<br> +</p> + +<br> +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="WILL_OF_THE_CELL">The Will of the +Cell</a></i></div> + +<br> +<p>"We see, then," says Haeckel, "that it performs all the +essential life functions which the entire organism accomplishes. +Every one of these little beings grows and feeds itself +independently. It assimilates juices from without, absorbing them +from the surrounding fluid. Each separate cell is also able to +reproduce itself and to increase. This increase generally takes +place by simple division, the nucleus parting first, by a +contraction round its circumference, into two parts; after which +the protoplasm likewise separates into two divisions. The single +cell is able to move and creep about; from its outer surface it +sends out and draws back again finger-like processes, thereby +modifying its form. Finally, the young cell has feeling, and is +more or less sensitive. It performs certain movements on the +application of chemical and mechanical irritants."<br> +</p> + +<p>The single living cell moves about in search of food. When food +is found it is enveloped in the mass of protoplasm, digested and +assimilated.<br> +</p> + +<p>The single cell has the <i>power of choice</i>, for it refuses +to eat what is unwholesome and extends itself mightily to reach +that which is nourishing.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="ORGANIC_EVOLUTION">The Cell and +Organic Evolution</a></i></div> + +<br> +<p>Moebius and Gates are convinced that the single cell possesses +<i>memory</i>, for having once encountered anything dangerous, it +knows enough to avoid it when presented under similar +circumstances. And having once found food in a certain place, it +will afterwards make a business of looking for it in the same +place.<br> +</p> + +<p>And, finally, Verwörn and Binet have found in a single +living cell manifestations of <i>the emotions of surprise and +fear</i> and the rudiments of <i>an ability to adapt means to an +end</i>.<br> +</p> + +<p>Let us now consider pluricellular organisms and consider them +particularly from the standpoint of organic evolution. The +pluricellular organism is nothing more nor less than a later +development, a confederated association of unicellular organisms. +Mark the development of such an association.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="DIFFERENTIATIONS">Evolutionary +Differentiations</a></i></div> + +<p>Originally each separate cell performed all the functions of a +separate life. The bonds that united it to its fellows were of the +most transient character. Gradually the necessities of environment +led to a more and more permanent grouping, until at last the bonds +of union became indissoluble.<br> +</p> + +<p>Meanwhile, the great laws of "adaptation" and "heredity," the +basic principles of evolution, have been steadily at work, and +slowly there has come about a differentiation of cell function, an +apportionment among the different cells of the different kinds of +labor.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="PLURALITY">Plurality of the +Individual</a></i></div> + +<br> + + +<p>As the result of such differentiation, the pluricellular +organism, as it comes ultimately to be evolved, is composed of many +different kinds of cells. Each has its special function. Each has +its field of labor. Each lives its own individual life. Each +reproduces its own kind. Yet all are bound together as elements of +the same "cell society" or organized "cell state."<br> +</p> + +<p>Among pluricellular organisms man is of course supreme. He is +the one form of animal life that is most highly differentiated.<br> +</p> + +<table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" +summary="Carltons Liniment"> +<tr align="center"> +<td align="center"><a href="images/hilton_001f.jpg"><img alt= +"Microscopic Studies in Human Anatomy" src= +"images/hilton_001s.jpg"></a></td> +</tr> + +<tr align="center"> +<td> +<div class="caption">MICROSCOPIC STUDIES IN HUMAN ANATOMY, PRIVATE +LABORATORY, SOCIETY OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="COMBINED_CONSCIOUSNESS">Combined +Consciousness of the Millions</a></i></div> + +<br> +<p>Knowing what you now know of microscopic anatomy, you cannot +hold to the simple idea that the human body is a single life-unit. +This is the naive belief that is everywhere current among men +today. Inquire among your own friends and acquaintances and you +will find that not one in a thousand realizes that he is, to put it +jocularly, singularly plural, that he is in fact an assemblage of +individuals.<br> +</p> + +<p>Not only is the living human body as a whole alive, but "every +part of it as large as a pin-point is alive, with a separate and +independent life all its own; every part of the brain, lungs, +heart, muscles, fat and skin." No man ever has or ever can count +the number of these parts or cells, some of which are so minute +that it would take thousands in a row to reach an inch.<br> +</p> + +<p>"Feeling" or "consciousness" is the sum total of the feelings +and consciousness of millions of cells, just as an orchestral +harmony is a composite of the sounds of all the individual +instruments.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="EVOLUTION_OF_THE_HUMAN">Evolution +of the Human Organism</a></i></div> + +<p>In the ancient dawn of evolution, all the cells of the human +body were of the same kind. But Nature is everywhere working out +problems of economy and efficiency. And, to meet the necessities of +environment, there has gradually come about a parceling out among +the different cells of the various tasks that all had been +previously called upon to perform for the support of the human +institution.<br> +</p> + +<p>This differentiation in kinds of work has gradually brought +about corresponding and appropriate changes of structure in the +cells themselves, whereby each has become better fitted to perform +its part in the sustenance and growth of the body.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="CROWD-MAN">The +Crowd-Man</a></i></div> + +<p>When you come to think that these processes of adaptation and +heredity in the human body have been going on for <i>countless +millions of years</i>, you can readily understand how it is that +the human body of today is made up of more than thirty different +kinds of cells, each having its special function.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="DIFFERENT_HUMAN_CELLS">Functions +of Different Human Cells</a></i></div> + +<p>We have muscle cells, with long, thin bodies like pea-pods, who +devote their lives to the business of contraction; thin, hair-like +connective tissue cells, whose office is to form a tough tissue for +binding the parts of the body together; bone cells, a trades-union +of masons, whose life work it is to select and assimilate salts of +lime for the upkeep of the joints and framework; hair, skin, and +nail cells, in various shapes and sizes, all devoting themselves to +the protection and ornamentation of the body; gland cells, who give +their lives, a force of trained chemists, to the abstraction from +the blood of those substances that are needed for digestion; blood +cells, crowding their way through the arteries, some making regular +deliveries of provisions to the other tenants, some soldierly +fellows patrolling their beats to repel invading disease germs, +some serving as humble scavengers; liver cells engaged in the +menial service of living off the waste of other organs and at the +same time converting it into such fluids as are required for +digestion; windpipe and lung cells, whose heads are covered with +stiff hairs, which the cell throughout its life waves incessantly +to and fro; and, lastly, and most important and of greatest +interest to us, brain and nerve cells, the brain cells constituting +altogether the organ of objective intelligence, the instrument +through which we are conscious of the external world, and the nerve +cells serving as a living telegraph to relay information, from one +part of the body to another, with the "swiftness of thought."<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="CELL_LIFE_AFTER">Cell Life After +Death</a></i></div> + +<p>Says one writer, referring to the cells of the inner or true +skin: "As we look at them arranged there like a row of bricks, let +us remember two things: first, that this row is actually in our +skin at this moment; and, secondly, that each cell is a living +being—it is born, grows, lives, breathes, eats, works, decays +and dies. A gay time of it these youngsters have on the very banks +of a stream that is bringing down to them every minute stores of +fresh air in the round, red corpuscles of the blood, and a constant +stream of suitable food in the serum. But it is not all pleasure, +for every one of them is hard at work."<br> +</p> + +<p>And again, speaking of the cells that line the air-tubes, he +says: "The whole interior, then, of the air-tubes resembles nothing +so much as a field of corn swayed by the wind to and fro, the +principal sweep, however, being always upwards towards the throat. +All particles of dust and dirt inhaled drop on this waving forest +of hairs, and are gently passed up and from one to another out of +the lungs. When we remember that these hairs commenced waving at +our birth, and have never for one second ceased since, and will +continue to wave a short time after our death, we are once more +filled with wonder at the marvels that surround us on every +side."<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="ALEXIS_CARRELL">Experiments of +Dr. Alexis Carrel</a></i></div> + +<p>Remarkable confirmatory evidence of the fact that every organ of +the body is composed of individual cell intelligences, endowed with +an instinctive knowledge of how to perform their special functions, +is found in the experiments of Dr. Alexis Carrel, the recipient of +the Nobel prize for science for 1912.<br> +</p> + +<p><i>Dr. Carrel has taken hearts, stomachs and kidneys out of +living animals, and by artificial nourishment has succeeded in +keeping them steadily at work digesting foods, and so on, in +his</i> laboratory, for months after the death of the bodies from +which they were originally taken.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="MAN-FEDERATION">Man-Federation of +Intelligences</a></i></div> + +<p>We see, then, that every human body is an exceedingly complex +association of units. It is a marvelously correlated and organized +community of countless microscopic organisms. It is a sort of +<i>cell republic</i>, as to which we may truthfully paraphrase: +Life and Union, One and Inseparable.<br> +</p> + +<p>Every human body is thus made up of countless cellular +intelligences, each of which instinctively utilizes ways and means +for the performance of its special functions and the reproduction +of its kind. These cell intelligences carry on, without the +knowledge or volition of our central consciousness—that is to +say, <i>subconsciously</i>—the vital operations of the +body.</p> + +<br> + + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="CREATIVE_POWER">Creative Power of +the Cell</a></i></div> + +<p>Under normal conditions, conditions of health, each cell does +its work without regard to the operations of its neighbors. But in +the event of accident or disease, it is called upon to repair the +organism. And in this it shows an energy and intelligence that +"savor of creative power." With what promptness and vigor the cells +apply themselves to heal a cut or mend a broken bone! In such cases +all that the physician can do is to establish outward conditions +that will favor the co-operative labors of these tiny +intelligences.<br> +</p> + +<p><i>The conclusion to be drawn from all this is obvious. For, if +every individual and ultimate part of the body is a mind</i> +organism, it is very apparent that the body as a whole is +peculiarly adapted to control and direction by mental +influences.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="PRACTICAL_DOING">Laying the +Foundation for Practical Doing</a></i></div> + +<p>Do not lose sight of the fact that in proving such control we +are laying the foundation for a scientific method of achieving +practical success in life, since all human achievement comes about +through some form of bodily activity.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="THREE_NEW">Three New +Propositions</a></i></div> + +<p>We assume now your complete acceptance of the following +propositions, based as they are upon facts long since discovered +and enunciated in standard scientific works:<br> +</p> + +<p><i>a</i>. The whole body is composed of cells, each of which is +an intelligent entity endowed with mental powers commensurate with +its needs.<br> +</p> + +<p><i>b.</i> The fact that every cell in the body is a <i>mind</i> +cell shows that the body, by the very nature of its component +parts, is peculiarly susceptible to mental influence and +control.<br> +</p> + +<p>To these propositions we now append the following:<br> +</p> + +<p><i>c.</i> A further examination of the body reveals a central +mental organism, the brain, composed of highly differentiated cells +whose intelligence, as in the case of other cells, is commensurate +with their functions.<br> +</p> + +<p><i>d.</i> It reveals also a physical mechanism, the nervous +system, peculiarly adapted to the communication of intelligence +between the central governing intelligence and the subordinate +cells.<br> +</p> + +<p><i>e.</i> The existence of this mind organism and this mechanism +of intercommunication is additional evidence of the control and +direction of bodily activities by <i>mental energy</i>.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="MENTAL_DOMINANCE">An Instrument +for Mental Dominance</a></i></div> + +<p>The facts to follow will not only demonstrate the truth of these +propositions, but will disclose the existence within every one of +us of a store of mental energies and activities of which we are +entirely unconscious.<br> +</p> + +<p>The brain constitutes the organ of central governing +intelligence, and the nerves are the physical means employed in +bodily intercommunication.<br> +</p> + +<p>Brain and nerves are in other words the physical mechanism +employed by the mind to dominate the body.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="GATEWAYS">Gateways of +Experience</a></i></div> + +<p>Single nerve fibers are fine, thread-like cells. They are so +small as to be invisible to the naked eye. Some of them are so +minute that it would take twenty thousand of them laid side by side +to measure an inch. Every nerve fiber in the human body forms one +of a series of connecting links between some central nerve cell in +the brain or spinal cord on the one hand and some bodily tissue on +the other.<br> +</p> + +<p>All nerves originating in the brain may be divided into two +classes according as they carry currents to the brain or from it. +Those carrying currents to the brain are called <i>sensory</i> +nerves, or nerves of sensation; those carrying currents from the +brain are called <i>motor</i> nerves, or nerves of motion.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="COURIERS">Couriers of +Action</a></i></div> + +<p>Among the sensory nerves are the nerves of consciousness; that +is, the nerves whereby we receive sense impressions from the +external world. These include the nerves of touch, sight, pain, +hearing, temperature, taste and smell. Motor nerves are those that +carry messages from the brain and spinal cord on the one hand to +the muscles on the other. They are the lines along which flash all +orders resulting in bodily movements.<br> +</p> + +<br> +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="NERVE_SYSTEMS">Nerve +Systems</a></i></div> + +<p>Another broad division of nerves is into two great nerve +systems. There are the <i>cerebro-spinal</i> system and the +<i>sympathetic</i> system. The first, the cerebro-spinal system, +includes all the nerves of <i>consciousness</i> and of <i>voluntary +action</i>; it includes all nerves running between the brain and +spinal cord on the one hand and the voluntary muscles on the other. +The second, the sympathetic nerve system, consists of all the +nerves of the unconscious or functional life; it therefore includes +all nerves running between the brain and sympathetic or involuntary +nerve centers on the one hand and the involuntary muscles on the +other.<br> +</p> + +<p>Every bodily movement or function that you can start or stop at +will, even to such seemingly unconscious acts as winking, walking, +etc., is controlled through the cerebro-spinal system. All other +functions of the body, including the great vital processes, such as +heart pulsation and digestion, are performed unconsciously, are +beyond the direct control of the will, and are governed through the +sympathetic nerve system.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="ORGANS_OF_CONSCIOUSNESS">Organs +of Consciousness and Subconsciousness</a></i></div> + +<p>It is obvious that the cerebro-spinal nerve system is the organ +of consciousness, the apparatus through which the mind exercises +its conscious and voluntary control over certain functions of the +body. It is equally obvious that the <i>sympathetic system is not +under the immediate control of consciousness, is not subject to the +will, but is dominated by mental influences that act without, or +even contrary to, our conscious will and sometimes without our +knowledge.</i><br> +</p> + +<p>Yet you are not to understand that these two great nerve systems +are entirely distinct in their operations. On the contrary, they +are in many respects closely related.<br> +</p> + +<table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" +summary="Carltons Liniment"> +<tr align="center"> +<td align="center"><a href="images/hilton_002f.jpg"><img alt= +"Separate Nerve Centers" src="images/hilton_002s.jpg"></a></td> +</tr> + +<tr align="center"> +<td> +<div class="caption">SEPARATE NERVE CENTERS, PLEXUSES AND GANGLIA, +THE "LITTLE BRAINS" OF THE HUMAN BODY</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<br> +<p>Thus, the heart receives nerves from both centers of government, +and besides all this is itself the center of groups of nerve cells. +The power by which it beats arises from a ganglionic center within +the heart itself, so that the heart will continue to beat apart +from the body if it be supplied with fresh blood. But the rapidity +of the heart's beating is regulated by the cerebro-spinal and +sympathetic systems, of which the former tends to retard the beat +and the latter tends to accelerate it.<br> +</p> + +<p>In the same way, your lungs are governed in part by both +centers, for you can breathe slowly or rapidly as you will, but you +cannot, by any power of your conscious will, stop breathing +altogether.<br> +</p> + +<p>Your interest in the brain and nerve system is confined to such +facts as may prove to be of use to you in your study of the mind. +These anatomical divisions interest you only as they are identified +with conscious mental action on the one hand and unconscious mental +action on the other.<br> +</p> + +<p>It is, therefore, of no use to you to consider the various +divisions of the sympathetic nerve system, since the sympathetic +nerve system in its entirety belongs to the field of unconscious +mental action. It operates without our knowledge and without our +will.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="INSIDE_THE_SKULL">Looking Inside +the Skull</a></i></div> + +<div class="sidenote"><i>Brains Parts and Functions</i></div> + +<p>The cerebro-spinal system consists of the spinal cord and the +brain. The brain in turn is made up of two principal subdivisions. +First, there is the greater or upper brain, called the cerebrum; +secondly, there is the lower or smaller brain, called the +cerebellum. The cerebrum in turn consists of three parts: the +convoluted <i>surface</i> brain, the <i>middle</i> brain and the +<i>lower</i> brain. So that in all we have the <i>surface</i> +brain, the <i>middle</i> brain, the <i>lower</i> brain and the +<i>cerebellum</i>. All these parts consist of masses of brain cells +with connecting nerve fibers.<br> +</p> + +<p>And now, as to the functions of these various parts. Beginning +at the lowest one and moving upward, we find first that the +<i>spinal cord</i> consists of through lines of nerves running +between the brain and the rest of the body. At the same time it +contains within itself certain nerve centers that are sufficient +for many simple bodily movements. These bodily movements are such +as are instinctive or habitual and require no distinct act of the +will for their performance. They are mere "reactions," without +conscious, volitional impulse.<br> +</p> + +<p>Moving up one step higher, we find that the <i>cerebellum</i> is +the organ of equilibrium, and that it as well as the spinal cord +operates independently of the conscious will, for no conscious +effort of the will is required to make one reel from dizziness.<br> +</p> + +<p>As to the divisions of the greater brain or cerebrum, we want +you to note that the <i>lower brain</i> serves a double purpose. +First, it is the channel through which pass through lines of +communication to and from the upper brain and the mid-brain on the +one hand and the rest of the body on the other. Secondly, it is +itself a central office for the maintenance of certain vital +functions, such as lung-breathing, heart-beating, saliva-secreting, +swallowing, etc., all involuntary and unconscious in the sense that +consciousness is not necessary to their performance.<br> +</p> + +<p>The next higher division, or <i>mid-brain</i>, is a large region +from which the conscious will issues its edicts regulating all +voluntary bodily movements. It is also the seat of certain special +senses, such as sight.<br> +</p> + +<p>Lastly, the <i>surface brain</i>, known as the cortex, is the +interpretative and reflective center, the abode of memory, +intellect and will.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="DRUNKENNESS">Drunkenness and +Brain Efficiency</a></i></div> + +<br> +<p>The functions of these various parts are well illustrated by the +effects of alcohol upon the mind. If a man takes too much alcohol, +its first apparent effect will be to paralyze the higher or +cortical center. This leaves the mid-brain without the check-rein +of a reflective intellect, and the man will be senselessly +hilarious or quarrelsome, jolly or dejected, pugnacious or tearful, +and would be ordinarily described as "drunk." If in spite of this +he keeps on drinking, the mid-brain soon becomes deadened and +ceases to respond, and the cerebellum, the organ of equilibrium, +also becomes paralyzed. All voluntary bodily activities must then +cease, and he rolls under the table, helpless and "dead" drunk, or +in language that is even more graphically appreciative of the +physiological effects of alcohol, "paralyzed." However, the +deep-seated sympathetic system is still alive. No assault has yet +been made upon the vital organs of the body; the heart continues to +beat and the lungs to breathe. But suppose that some playful +comrade pours still more liquor down the victim's throat. The +medulla, or lower brain, then becomes paralyzed, the vital organs +cease to act and the man is no longer "dead" drunk. He has become a +sacrifice to Bacchus. He is literally and actually dead.<br> +</p> + +<p>It seems, then, that the surface brain and mid-brain constitute +together the organ of consciousness and will. Consciousness and +will disappear with the deadening or paralysis of these two +organs.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="SECONDARY_BRAINS">Secondary +Brains</a></i></div> + +<p>Yet these two organs constitute but a small proportion of the +entire mass of brain and nervous tissue of the body. In addition to +these, there are not only the lower brain and the spinal cord and +the countless ramifications of motor and sensory nerves throughout +the body, but there are also separate nerve-centers or ganglia in +every one of the visceral organs of the body. These ganglia have +the power to maintain movements in their respective organs. <i>They +may in fact be looked upon as little brains developing nerve force +and communicating it to the organs.</i><br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="DEPENDENCE_OF">Dependence of the +Subconscious</a></i></div> + +<p>All these automatic parts of the bodily mechanism are dominated +by departments of the mind entirely distinct from ordinary +consciousness. In fact, ordinary consciousness has no knowledge of +their existence excepting what is learned from outward bodily +manifestations.<br> +</p> + +<p>All these different organic ganglia constitute together the +sympathetic nerve system, organ of that part of the mind which +directs the vital operations of the body in apparent independence +of the intelligence commonly called "the mind," an intelligence +which acts through the cerebro-spinal system.<br> +</p> + +<p>Yet this independence is far from being absolute. For, as we +have seen, not only is the cerebro-spinal system, which is the +organ of consciousness, the abode of all the special senses, such +as sight, hearing, etc., and therefore our only source of +information of the external world, but many organs of the body are +under the joint control of both systems.<br> +</p> + +<p><i>So it comes about that these individual intelligences +governing different organs of the body, with their +intercommunications, are dependent upon consciousness for their +knowledge of such facts of the outer world as have a bearing on +their individual operations, and they are subject to the influence +of consciousness as the medium that interprets these facts.</i><br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name= +"UNCONSCIOUSNESS_AND">Unconsciousness and +Subconsciousness</a></i></div> + +<p>It is unnecessary for us to go into this matter deeply. It is +enough if you clearly understand that, in addition to +consciousness, the department of mind that knows and directly deals +with the facts of the outer world, there is also a deep-seated and +seemingly unconscious department of mind consisting of individual +organic intelligences capable of receiving, understanding and +acting upon such information as consciousness transmits.<br> +</p> + +<p>We have spoken of conscious and "seemingly unconscious" +departments of the mind. In doing so we have used the word +"seemingly" advisedly. Obviously we have no right to apply the term +"unconscious" without qualification to an intelligent mentality +such as we have described.<br> +</p> + +<p>"Unconscious" simply means "not conscious." In its common +acceptation, it denotes, in fact, an absence of all mental action. +It is in no sense descriptive. It is merely negative. Death is +unconscious; but unconsciousness is no attribute of a mental state +that is living and impellent and constantly manifests its active +energy and power in the maintenance of the vital functions of the +body.<br> +</p> + +<p>Hereafter, then, we shall continue to use the term consciousness +as descriptive of that part of our mentality which constitutes what +is commonly known as the "mind"; while that mental force, which, so +far as our animal life is concerned, operates through the +sympathetic nerve system, we shall hereafter describe as +"<i>sub</i>conscious."<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name= +"SYNTHESIS_OF_THE_MAN-MACHINE">Synthesis of the +Man-Machine</a></i></div> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name= +"SUBSERVIENCY_OF_THE_BODY">Subserviency of the Body</a></i></div> + +<p>Let us summarize our study of man's physical organism. We have +learned that the human body is a confederation of various groups of +living cells; that in the earliest stages of man's evolution, these +cells were all of the same general type; that as such they were +free-living, free-thinking and intelligent organisms as certainly +as were those unicellular organisms which had not become members of +any group or association; that through the processes of evolution, +heredity and adaptation, there has come about in the course of the +ages, a subdivision of labor among the cells of our bodies and a +consequent differentiation in kind whereby each has become +peculiarly fitted for the performance of its allotted functions; +that, nevertheless, these cells of the human body are still +free-living, intelligent organisms, of which each is endowed with +the inherited, instinctive knowledge of all that is essential to +the preservation of its own life and the perpetuation of its +species within the living body; that, as a part of the specializing +economy of the body, there have been evolved brain and nerve cells +performing a twofold service—first, constituting the organ of +a central governing intelligence with the important business of +receiving, classifying, and recording all impressions or messages +received through the senses from the outer world, and, second, +communicating to the other cells of the body such part of the +information so derived as may be appropriate to the functions of +each; that finally, as such complex and confederated individuals, +each of us possesses a direct, self-conscious knowledge of only a +small part of his entire mental equipment; that we have not only a +<i>consciousness</i> receiving sense impressions and issuing motor +impulses through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, but that we +have also a <i>subconsciousness</i> manifesting itself, so far as +bodily functions are concerned, in the activity of the vital organs +through the sympathetic nerve system; that this subconsciousness is +dependent on consciousness for all knowledge of the external world; +that, in accordance with the principles of evolution, man as a +whole and as a collection of cell organisms, both consciously and +unconsciously, is seeking to adapt himself to his external world, +his environment; that the human body, both as a whole and as an +aggregate of cellular intelligences, is therefore subject in every +part and in every function to the influence of the special senses +and of the mind of consciousness.<br> +</p> + +<hr class="full"> +<h2>THE SUPREMACY OF CONSCIOUSNESS</h2> + +<hr class="full"> +<h3>CHAPTER VI<br> +THE SUPREMACY OF CONSCIOUSNESS</h3> + +<h4>CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM STUDIES IN HUMAN PSYCHOLOGY, ANATOMY AND +PHYSIOLOGY</h4> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="MENTAL_SHACKLES">Striking off the +Mental Shackles</a></i></div> + +<p>Stop a moment and mark the conclusion to which you have come. +You have been examining the human body with the scalpel and the +microscope of the anatomist and physiologist. In doing so and by +watching the bodily organs in operation, you have learned that +<i>every part of the body, even to those organs commonly known as +involuntary,</i> is ultimately subject to the influence or control +of consciousness, that part of the human intelligence which is +popularly known as "the mind."<br> +</p> + +<p>Prior to this, as a matter of direct introspective knowledge, we +had come to the conclusion that the influence of the mind over all +the organs of the body was one of the most obvious facts of human +life.<br> +</p> + +<p>So, our study of the body as the instrument of the mind has +brought us to the same conclusion as did our study of the mind in +its relations to the body.<br> +</p> + +<p>Looked at from the practical science standpoint, the evidences +that mental activity can and does produce bodily effects are so +clear and numerous as to admit of no dispute.<br> +</p> + +<p>The world has been slow to acknowledge the mastery of mind over +body. This is because the world long persisted in looking at the +question from the point of view of the philosopher and religionist. +It is because the thought of the world has been hampered by its own +definitions of terms.<br> +</p> + +<p>The spiritualist has been so busy in the pursuit of originating +"first" causes, and the materialist has so emphasized the +dependence of mind upon physical conditions, that the world has +received with skepticism the assertion of the influence of mind +over body, and in fact doubted the intuitive evidence of its own +consciousness.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="AWAKENING_OF_ENLIGHTENMENT">The +Awakening of Enlightenment</a></i></div> + +<p>The distinction between the two points of view has gradually +come to be recognized. Today the fact that the mind may act as a +"cause" in relationship with the body is a recognized principle of +applied science. The world's deepest thinkers accept its truth. And +the interest of enlightened men and women everywhere is directed +toward the mind as an agency of undreamed resource for the cure of +functional derangements of the body and for the attainment of the +highest degree of bodily efficiency.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="VITAL_PURPOSE">The Vital +Purpose</a></i></div> + +<p>In some respects it is unfortunate that you should have been +compelled to begin these studies in mental efficiency and +self-expression with lessons on the relationship between the mind +and the body. There is the danger that you may jump at the +conclusion that this course has some reference to "mental healing." +Please disabuse your mind of any such mistaken idea.<br> +</p> + +<p>Health is a boon. It is not the greatest boon. Health is not +life. Health is but a means to life. Life is service. Life is +achievement. Health is of value in so far as it contributes to +achievement.<br> +</p> + +<p>Our study of the relation between mind and body at this time has +had a deeper, broader and more vital purpose. It is the foundation +stone of an educational structure in which we shall show you how +the mind may be brought by scientific measures to a certainty and +effectiveness of operation far greater than is now common or +ordinarily thought possible.<br> +</p> + +<div class="sidenote"><i><a name="RESERVOIR_OF_LATENT">Your +Reservoir of Latent Power</a></i></div> + +<p>Remember the two fundamental propositions set forth in this +book.<br> +</p> + +<p>I. <i>All human achievement comes about through some form of +bodily activity.</i><br> +</p> + +<p>II. <i>All bodily activity is caused, controlled and directed by +the mind.</i><br> +</p> + +<p>The truth of these propositions must now be obvious to you. You +must realize that the mind is the one instrument by which it is +possible to achieve anything in life. Your next step must be to +learn how to use it.<br> +</p> + +<p><i>In succeeding volumes, we shall sound the depths of the +reservoir of latent mental power. We shall find the means of +tapping its resources. And so we shall come to give you the master +key to achievement and teach you how to use it with confidence and +with the positive assurance of success.</i><br> +</p> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13791 ***</div> +</body> +</html> + diff --git a/13791-h/images/hilton_001f.jpg b/13791-h/images/hilton_001f.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..889249d --- /dev/null +++ b/13791-h/images/hilton_001f.jpg diff --git a/13791-h/images/hilton_001s.jpg b/13791-h/images/hilton_001s.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..95e2e44 --- /dev/null +++ b/13791-h/images/hilton_001s.jpg diff --git a/13791-h/images/hilton_002f.jpg b/13791-h/images/hilton_002f.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..52ff2f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/13791-h/images/hilton_002f.jpg diff --git a/13791-h/images/hilton_002s.jpg b/13791-h/images/hilton_002s.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c5b027f --- /dev/null +++ b/13791-h/images/hilton_002s.jpg |
